THE
PUBLICATIONS
OF THE
^>efben JSocief}>
Trspl iravrbs rrjv iXsvdspmp
VOLUME XV
FOR THE YEAK 1901
^eft>*n £?octdj>
FouNrED 1887
TO ENCOURAGE THE STUDY AND ADVANCE THE KNOWLEDGE
OF THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LAW.
IPatrons :
HIS MAJESTY THE KING.
HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES.
president :
THE RIGHT HON. LORD MACNAGHTEN.
HMce=fl>reslDents :
THE RIGHT HON. LORD JUSTICE STIRLING.
SIR HOWARD ELPHINSTONE, BART.
Council :
Mr. J. T. Atkinson.
Mk. Henry Attlee.
The Hon. Mr. Justice Bruce.
Mr. A. T. Carter.
The Hon. Mr. Justice Channell.
Mr. Chadwyck Healey, K.C.
Mr. F. A. Inderwick, K.C.
The Hon. Mr. Justice Joyce.
Sir H. C. M. Lyte, K.C.B.
Mr. A. Stuart Moore.
Mr. R. Pennington.
Sir F. Pollock, Bart.
Mr. W. C. Renshaw, K.C.
Mr. T. Cyprian Williams.
The Hon. Mr. Justice Wills.
Xtteran? Director.:
Professor F. W. Maitland (Downing College, Cambridge).
Ibonoran? auottors:
Mr. J. W. Clark. Mr. Hurert Hall.
Hxmorarg Secretary :
Mr. B. Fossett Lock (11 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London)
Ibonorarg treasurer:
Mr. Francis K. Munton (95a Queen Victoria Street, London).
1bon. Secretary ano (Treasurer tor ibe TUniteo States :
Mr. Richard W. Hale (10 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.).
^dut $tm+ *ktatxB+ anb ot$tt (R*cotb*
FROM THE
EOLLS OF THE EXCHEQUEE OF THE JEWS
A.D. 1220-1284
I&efben J&ociefg
SELECT PLEAS, STAERS, AND OTHER RECORDS
FROM THE
EOLLS OF THE EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS
A.D. 1220-1284
EDITED
FOR THE SELDEN SOCIETY
BY
J. M. BIGG
LONDON
BERNAKD QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY
11)02
All right! rei
PEBFACB
A brief account of the rolls, from which the present selection is made,
is given in the note on p. lxii infra.
In the Introduction I have attempted to focus the scattered lights
shed upon the rolls by the Chronicles, records cited by Prynne,1 Tovey,2
Webb,3 and Madox,4 and othei.* printed and unprinted documents ;
in which enterprise I have been greatly assisted by the labours of
four Jewish scholars, viz. Dr. Gross,5 Mr. Joseph Jacobs,6 Dr. Neu-
bauer,7 and Mr. B. L. Abrahams,8 to whom I gratefully acknowledge
my obligations.
For help in deciphering the frequently enigmatical script, and in
other ways, my thanks are due to Mr. S. B. Scargill-Bird, Mr. E.
Salisbury, Mr. C. G. Crump, Mr. C. Johnson, and Mr. H. E.
Headlam, of the Becord Office ; also to Mr. F. B. Bickley and Mr.
H. J. Ellis, of the British Museum, and Mr. G. J. Turner, of Lincoln's
Inn.
I am especially indebted to Professor Maitland for valuable sug-
gestions during revision. It only remains for me to record my high
appreciation of the sedulous care bestowed on every part of the work
by the reader for the press, Mr. George J. Briscoe.
J. M. BIGG.
9 New Squabe, Lincoln's Inn.
1 A Short Demurrer to the Jewes' long 5 The Exchequer of the Jews of England
discontinued barred Keruitter into England. (Publications of the Anglo-Jewish H
London, 1(556. toiical Exhibition, London, 1888, cited as
2 Anglia Judaica. Oxford, 1738. A.-J.H.E.P.)
3 The Question, whether a Jew, born e The Jews of Angevin England, London
within the British Dominions, was, before 1893, and The London Jewry (A.-J.H.E.P.)
the making the late Act of Parliament, a ' Notes on the Jews in Oxford. (Collec
person capable by law to purchase and hold tanea, 2nd ser., Oxford Historical Society
lands to him and his heirs, fairly stated 1890.)
and considered. London, 1753. H The Expulsion of the Jews from Eng
1 History and Antiquities of the Ex- laud in 1290. Oxford, 1895.
chequer. London, 17b9.
11371 1
CONTENTS
Introduction .
I. Recordum loquele de Judeis Norwici qui sunt in prisona apud
Londoniam ........... xliv
II. Mandate of the King to the Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews
touching certain statutes relating to the Jews in England, which
are to be rigorously observed. The thirty-seventh year of King
Henry, [a.d. 1253.] ......... xlix
III. Provisions of Jewry delivered at the Exchequer by Sir Walter de
Merton. The fifty-third year of the reign of King Henry.
[a.d. 1269.] xlix
IV. Mandate of the King touching lands and fees of Jews in England. The
fifty-fifth year of the reign of King Henry, [a.d. 1271.] li
V. Articles touching the Jewry ......... lv
Note lxii
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS.
Charters of liberties granted and confirmed to the Jews of England in the
second year of the reign of King John. [a.d. 1201.] .... 1
Pleas in the fourth year of the reign of King Henry, son of King John.
[a.d. 1220.] 3
Pleas of Easter Term in the twenty-eighth year. [a.d. 1244.] ... 7
Pleas of Michaelmas Term in the twenty-eighth year and the beginning of
the twenty-ninth year. [a.d. 1244-5.] 11
Starrs of Easter Term in the thirty-seventh year. [a.d. 1253.] ... 14
Pleas of Easter Quindene 17
Easter Three Weeks 19
Pleas of Holy Trinity Term in the fiftieth year. [a.d. 1266.] .... 31
Starrs acknowledged in Holy Trinity Term in the fiftieth year [a.d. 1266.] . 33
Pleas of Holy Trinity Term in the fifty-first year, nothing having been done
in Easter Term by reason of the war. [a.d. 1267.] 36
Hilary Term in the fifty-second year of the reign of King Henry, [a.d. 1268.] 38
Easter Term in the fifty-second year. [a.d. 1268.] ...... 48
Before our Lord the King on the Octave of the Purification of Blessed Mary
in the fifty-fourth year, kc. [a d. 1270.] 50
Easter Term in the fifty-fourth year. [a.d. 1270.] ...... 51
Charters of William do Valence made in favour of Nicholas FitzMartin
touching 50 marks of yearly fee-rent ....... 56
Hilary Term in the fifty-fifth year, [aa 1271.] ...... 62
vni CONTENTS
TAGR
Easter Month 63
The Octave and Morrow of St. John the Baptist in the fifty-sixth year.
[a.d. 1272.] 63
The Quindene of St. John 6.3
Hilary Term in the first year of the reign of King Edward, [a.d. 1273.] . 70
Holy Trinity Term 76
The Month and Morrow of All Souls in the first and the beginning of the
second year. [a.d. 1273-4.] 78
Holy Trinity Term in the second year. [a.d. 1274.] 78
Michaelmas Term in the second and the beginning of the third year.
[a.d. 1274-5.] 81
Hilary Term in the third year. [a.d. 1275.] 84
Easter Month 86
Holy Trinity Term 87
The Octave of St. Martin in the third and the beginning of the fourth year.
[a.d. 1275-6.] 89
Holy Trinity Term in the fourth year. [a.d. 1276.] 91
Hilary Term in the fifth year. [a.d. 1277.] 92
Easter Term 93
Pleas resumed on the Octave of Holy Trinity by reason of the advance of the
King's army on Wales in the fifth year. [a.d. 1277.] .... 95
Michaelmas Term in the fifth and the beginning of the sixth year.
[a.d. 1277-8.] 100
Pleas of the Octave of St. Hilary in the sixth year. [a.d. 1278.] . . . 101
Easter Month and Five Weeks 103
Holy Trinity Term 105
Holy Trinity Term in the seventh year. [a.d. 1279.] 106
Hilary Term in the eighth year. [a.d. 1280.] 107
Easter Term 109
Easter Term in the ninth year. [a.d. 1281.] ■ 114
Holy Trinity Quindene •. . . . .115
The Quindene of St. John the Baptist 116
Hilary Quindene in the tenth year. [a.d. 1282.] 117
Michaelmas Term in the tenth and the beginning of the eleventh year.
[a.d. 1282-3.] 120
The Quindene of St. Hilary and the Morrow of the Purification of Blessed
Mary in the eleventh year. [a.d. 1283.] 124
Easter Term in the eleventh year ......... 125
Inquest taken before Hamo Hauteyn at the Tower of London on the Morrow
of the Close of Easter . 125
Holy Trinity Term. At the Exchequer of the Jews at Shrewsbury . . 129
Holy Trinity Term in the twelfth year. [a.d. 1284.] 130
Michaelmas Term in the twelfth and the beginning of the thirteenth year.
[a.d. 1284-5.] 133
Glossary 135
Index of Matters 137
Index of Persons : Christians 141
Index of Persons : Jews 147
Index of Places 151
INTEODUCTION
Gkievous indeed, and by degrees more grievous, became the burden
of the Jews under the sway of the barbarians, whom the collapse of
the Roman Empire had made the arbiters of their destiny ; for it was
the burden of a people that could neither hope to adjust its environ-
ment to itself, nor even on honourable terms succeed in adjusting
itself to its environment. Alien by race, by religion, by culture, by
caste, dispersed throughout a fierce and licentious society in com-
munities which by their wealth and weakness invited spoliation,
Israel had nothing to expect from a Christendom reshapen in
feudalism, retempered in the Crusades, but the lot of the outcast,
the oppressed, and the persecuted. Founded in birthright, and
cemented by fealty, feudal society inevitably excluded the Semite
from its rigid aristocratic organisation. To domicil, even when
hereditary, it attached little or no importance. Villeinage, unless
released by way of guerdon for some extraordinary service, descended
from father to son in indefinite succession with only such slight
modifications of its harsher features as use and wont silently and
imperceptibly introduced.
Resident aliens were not only without political rights and incapable
of holding an estate of inheritance in land, but were liable to ex-
ceptional taxation, and subject to- expulsion at a moment's notice.
The clause in Magna Carta (§ 41) for the protection of foreign
traders from personal violence and pecuniary exactions shows the
risks to which they were then exposed, and was probably dictated
as much by a sense of common interest as by an enlightened apprecia-
tion of the benefits of commerce.
Moreover, it was perfectly possible for alienage, like villeinage, to
be hereditary, notwithstanding permanent domiciliation ; for birth
within a dominion did not of itself confer capacity to do fealty to its
X RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
lord ; and to men who lacked this capacity, their native land proved
a dura matrix, which refused to own them as legitimate offspring.
Such was the position in which the Jews found themselves
wherever feudalism gained secure possession of the field. By their
inability to take an oath of fealty, they forfeited the position of free-
men, and, thus excluded from the body politic, they remained subject
to all the disabilities of aliens without the claims to consideration
which other aliens derived from international comity and member-
ship in the Catholic Church. They escaped villeinage, it is true, but
they became a sort of social estrays, the devoted spoil of whoever
might have the will and the power — and where the power was, the will
was not likely to be wanting — to appropriate them.
In England, where feudalism was qualified by an extremely high
prerogative, the Jews were far too valuable a prey to be left by the
Crown to indiscriminate appropriation, or to be surrendered by the
Baronage without a struggle. Of the process by which they were
delivered from the tyranny of the Front de Bceufs of the period, and
subjected to the exclusive dominion of the Crown, we know nothing ;
but it is evident from an ordinance which forms part of the so-called
Laws of Edward, that the royal prerogative had not been established
without a struggle, though the victory of the Crown had been decisive.
' Be it known,' so runs this early Statute of Jewry, ' that all Jews,
wheresoever they may be in the realm, are of right under the tutelage
and protection of the King ; nor is it lawful for any of them to subject
himself to any wealthy person without the King's license. Jews and
all their effects are the King's property, and if any one withhold their
"\ money from them, let the King recover it as his own.'
f Whatever may be the precise date of this statute, it had acquired
/ in the early thirteenth century sufficient authority to be associated
/ by Hoveden with the great name of Banulf Glanvill, and is thus
( conclusive as to the status of the Jews in his day. They were already
\ in the same category as treasure trove, a perquisite of the Crown.1
^ The origins of the English Jewry are wrapt in obscurity, and
possibly date from a period considerably anterior to the Norman
Conquest. That event, however, certainly caused a large influx of Jews
from the Continent, who established themselves in force in London
and Oxford during the reign of the Bed King, by whom they were
sedulously cultivated as a thorn in the side of the Church, encouraged
in their denial of the Christian Faith, and perhaps employed as farmers
C1 Hoveden (Rolls Ser.), ii. 137, 231 ; 1840, p. 195 ; Liebermann, Ubor die Leges
Ancient Laws of England, ed. Thorpe, Edwaidi Confessoris (18%), p. 66.
INTRODUCTION XI
of vacant abbeys and sees. Under the tutelage and patronage of his
successors the Jewry enlarged its borders, so that at the time when
Hoveden wrote there were probably few important towns in England
where there was not a considerable and more or less wealthy Jewish
community. A little earlier, in 1177, Henry II. had granted to the
provincial Jewries an important concession — the right of burying
their dead outside the walls of the towns in which they resided,^
instead of bringing the bodies, as had previously been the law, to the
London cemetery in Cripplegate for interment.1
This mortuary law excepted, the Jews seem, during the first
period of their sojourn in England, to have enjoyed a comparative
immunity from vexatious regulations. They were as yet compelled
to wear no distinctive badge; nor was it until 1181 that they were
disarmed. Though they resided in separate quarters, the Jewries
were as yet no Ghetti, and frequently contained a number of mansions
imposing both by their dimensions and their massive stone architec-
ture, domestic fortresses furnished with an Oriental magnificence too
apt to suggest to the Crusader — half free-lance, half devotee— that
good blows might be struck and rich booty gotten in the holy cause
at less than the cost of a journey to Damascus. They practised with
some success as physicians, and plied the craft of the goldsmith.2
Probably other crafts were open to them, for the craft-gild system
does not appear to have been so far developed at the time of their
first settlement in England as to preclude the formation by them
of such associations, for which their wealth and solidarity would have
facilitated the acquisition of the necessary charters. On the other
hand, the sphere of their trading operations was seriously restricted
by the gilds merchant. They had not the full jus commercii ; they
could not go into the market and compete freely as vendors and
purchasers.3 The readiest and most lucrative way in which they
could employ their capital was, therefore, to lend it, and their opera-
tions received from a very early period the countenance and
encouragement of the Crown. The privileges which they enjoyed
were derived from a Charter granted by Henry I. to a particular
magnate, his family and dependents, which was confirmed to his
1 Pet. Bles., Cont. ad Hist. Ingulf. charter from him. See Rot. Chart, p.
(pseud.) an. 1100 ; Eadmer (Rolls Ser.), pp. 62.
99-101 ; Will. Malmesb., Gesta Reg. (Rolls 3 Cunningham, Growth of English In-
Ser.) ii. 371; Gesta Reg. Hen. II. (Rolls dustry and Commerce during the Early
Ser.) i. 182 ; Stow, Survey of London, ed. and Middle Ages, 3rd ed. p. 336 et seq. ;
Strype, Book iii. 54, 88. Ashley, Introduction to English Economic
2 A Jewish goldsmith named Leo was History and Theory. 2nd ed. i. 76 ; Gross,
patronised by King John, and received a The Gild Merchant, i. 41.
xii RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
posterity by Henry II. and Richard I. The Charter was probably
from the first construed with considerable latitude, for it was not to
the interest of the Crown to limit its scope ; and it was expressly
extended to the entire community by John (10 April 1201).
By virtue of this patent the Jews were free to travel and settle
where they would, and to receive and purchase whatever might be
brought to them, except things ^lextainhig to the Church and blood-
stained cloth,1 througEout^ the length ancTBreadth of England and
Normandy, were authorised to sell their ' vadia ' or securities after a
year and a day's possession, were exempted from tolls and customs,
including the wine duty, and from all jurisdiction except that of the
King himself, or his castellans ; were entitled to be tried by their
peers, to be sworn on the Pentateuch, and to certain other privileges.
The Charter prescribed that in all cases between Christian and Jew
the plaintiff should produce two witnesses, a Christian and a Jew. This
was fair enough, for it was doubtless as hard for a Jew to obtain
Christian evidence against a Christian as for a Christian to obtain
Jewish evidence against a Jew. But the Charter proceeded to distin-
guish : If a Jew were impleaded by a Christian who failed to produce
testimony, he might purge himself by his bare oath on the Pentateuch,
whereas in a similar case a Christian, as the law then stood, might be
required to wage his law twelve-handed — i.e. with eleven com-
purgators.2 Thus immensely more weight was attached to the oath
of a Jew than to the oath of a Christian. Nor was this all. The
Charter gave to a writ in the hands of a Jew an evidential value which
it did not accord to a writ in the hands of a Christian. The effect
was to place the Jew at a great advantage over the Christian both for
attack and for defence. The intention was to use the Jewry as a
reservoir equally open to receive and close to retain the surplus wealth
of the surrounding population, so that the Crown might never lack a
fund on which to draw in the hour of need. In an action on a loan
the Jew had but to prove the advance, and the onus lay upon the
debtor to dispute the interest. As to the rate of interest the Charter
is silent, but from an incidental statement in the ' Dialogus de
Scaccario ' 3 we gather that in the reign of Henry II. the ordinary rate
1 See Glossary, 'Pannus sanguinolentus.' Oxford until 1248 ; and it is noticeable that
2 See Select Civil Pleas (Selden Soc), i. four years before the Oxford Jewry, one of
3, case 7, and cf. Magna Carta, § 38, the most splendid in the country, had been
' Nullus ballivus ponat de cetero aliquem looted by the scholars. Collectanea, sec.
ad legem simplici loquela sua sine testibus ser. (Oxford Hist. Soc.) p. 285 ; Mun. Acad,
ridelibus ad hoc inductis.' For the text of (Eolls Ser.) ii. 778. Ann. Monast. (Rolls
the Charter of the Jews, see p. 1, infra. Ser.) iv. 91.
3 Lib. ii. § x. The rate was not fixed at
INTRODUCTION Xlll
was 2d. a pound a week, or 43£ per cent, per annum, which in the
thirteenth century was recognised as the legal maximum, compound
interest being strictly forbidden. The gage, or ' vadium,' charged the
debtor's lands as well as his chattels with the principal and interest,
and lands of any tenure were chargeable until 1234, when exception
was made of demesne estates of the Crown held in socage or
villeinage.1
On default in payment the creditor was entitled to seisin by a
summary process, and might either sell the lands after a year's pos-
session or hold them until he had satisfied himself out of the profits.
On the other hand, if the land were freehold, he was impeachable for
waste, and no laches or lapse of time was apparently pleadable in
bar to a writ of account. Magna Carta (§ 10) further restricted his
rights by suspending the accruer of interest during the minority of an
heir, and this clause was incorporated in the Provisions of Merton
(1236). Moreover, his position was precarious at the best, for the
King might at any moment assign his security or release the debtor
from the bond. It was also, as regarded feudal hereditaments,
anomalous, for it was only as gagee that he could be seised of them
at all.2 The privilege which he enjoyed in the courts of swearing on
the Pentateuch was not extended to the ceremony of investiture, so
that he could not do either homage or fealty, and it was not lawful
for Christians to do homage or fealty to him. He was not deemed
worthy to hold a place of honour in the feudal system. We shall see
later on that it was not until 1275 that he was legally capable of
holding so much as a ten years' agricultural lease, and the license
then granted was subject to the express reservation that he received
no homage or fealty from Christians. It was only land tenable by
rent in money or kind that he was entitled to hold at common law,
and the ' mortua vadia,' which are rarely and barely mentioned in the
rolls, were probably rentcharges.
Though not technically a ' liberty,' the Jewry enjoyed a qualified
autonomy in matters juridical. Within its borders the King's writ
did not ordinarily run except in pleas of the Crown or between
Christians and Jews. Cases in which Jews alone were concerned
were as a rule left to the cognisance of their own tribunals. These
privileges are recognised in a separate Charter granted by John to
the English Jewry concurrently with the Charter already mentioned,
and were probably of no less ancient origin. The office of Chief
1 Eot.Lit. Claus. 18 Hen. III. m.9dorso. Joh. (Rec. Comm.) pp. 35,42,44,48, 73,
2 Rot. de Lib. ac de Mis. et Pra?st. regn. 98 ; Webb, App. No. 3.
XIV EECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORU.U
Eabbi (a freehold) lay, at least from the accession of John, in royal
grant ; but there is no evidence that the Jewish Church as such
suffered at the hands of the Crown until the reign of Henry III,
when, as we shall see, the number of synagogues was first limited.
The relations of the Jews with the Christian Church appear also to
have been on the whole fairly harmonious until some years after the
Fourth Council of Lateran (1215) ; but it must not on that account
be supposed that English anti-Semitism was of foreign importation.
At Norwich, in 1144, we encounter the first unmistakable imputa-
tion of ritual murder, and the horrible accusation is repeated at
Gloucester in 1168, at Bury St. Edmunds in 1181, at Winchester in
1192 and 1232, at London in 1244, and at Lincoln in 1255. Similar
stories circulated on the Continent, where indeed the tradition con-
tinues to this day ; but none is of equal antiquity with that of St.
William of Norwich, recently edited from the long lost manuscript of
Thomas of Monmouth by eminent scholars. With the exception of
the last, which will be dealt with in its proper place, these need not
be discussed. They were not subjected to judicial scrutiny, and
therefore it is only as illustrative of the atmosphere of suspicion in
which the English Jews of this period lived and moved that they
fall within our purview. At present we may rest satisfied to note the
bare fact that a belief was at this time generally prevalent in England
that the Jews were accustomed periodically to kidnap or purchase a
Christian boy, and, after circumcising him and retaining him for some
days in a state of semi- starvation, to enact an infamous travesty of
the Passion of Christ by mocking, scourging, crucifying, and stabbing
him to death. The Jews were also believed to treat with cruel
indignity such Christian women as entered their employ as nurses ;
and therefore as early as 1235 they were forbidden, at least in
Norfolk, to engage such servants. The dark strangers from the East,
with their peculiar rites and mysterious language, were, moreover,
reputed adepts in the black art, and all kinds of occult science and
secret villainy. Graver and more tangible were the charges of forgery,
and clipping and counterfeiting the coin of the realm, which were from
time to time brought against them. Much of the feeling against the
Jews was doubtless due to instinctive antipathy to the alien, and
some part of it must be credited to clerical influence ; but though the
clergy may lead, direct, and accelerate, they cannot generate a vast
volume of popular passion, and the crusading spirit which predis-
posed to belief in the rumours of ritual murder, though fomented by
ecclesiastics, was itself the spontaneous outcome of age-long racial as
INTRODUCTION XV
well as religious antagonism. The charge of coin-clipping, at any
rate, was one which the clergy had no special interest in aggra-
vating ; yet it ranks only second, if second, to ritual murder in the
indictment against the Jews. In 1204 summary measures were
taken against persons found in possession of light coin, and whereas
Christians were allowed bail, it was expressly denied to Jews ; and
this differential treatment is the more remarkable because the Jews
were at this time under the special protection of the Crown. The
record of these proceedings is not forthcoming ; but they were
certainly not without effect, for we hear much less of frauds on the
currency for many years. From this, however, we cannot infer
that the suspicion cast upon the Jews was justified by the event ;
indeed, were it not that the information vouchsafed by the chroniclers
is at this period, on all matters, extremely meagre, we might safely
conclude from their total silence on this that few, if any, Jews were
convicted.1
For the chroniclers certainly do not err by partiality to the Jews.
Not that they were intentionally calumnious or habitually careless,
these early historians of England : on the contrary, they strove to be
veracious ; their accuracy is on the whole remarkable, and their
credulity, though great, was by no means boundless. Like the Jews,
they were men of peace and belonged to an order which had much to
lose, and from time to time lost much by the exactions of the Crown.
In a dark and tempestuous age they kept alive the sacred fire of learn-
ing, and were the pioneers of the progressive culture of the modern
world. Yet, with the sole, though important, exception of Matthew
Paris, they have little sympathy or charity to spare for the Jewish
people, if they do not rather evince a hostile spirit, and it is there-
fore much to be deplored that the secular literary remains of the
English Jewry of this period are so scanty that we can only be said
to know the Christian side of the question. An Anglo-Jewish
chronicle on the scale of that of St. Albans, and written in the same
language and with equal care, would have been of inestimable historical
value ; nor does it appear that the rabbis lacked either the leisure or
1 Tovey, p. 55, 104 ; Rynier, Fcedera, ed. Ric, I. (Rolls Ser.) iii. 435, iv. 251 ; Gervas.
Clarke, i. 95, 274, 293, App. p. 7 ; Labbe, Cantuar. (Rolls Ser.) i. 296 ; Chron. Petro-
Concil. xxii. 1054-6, 1172 ; Rad. de burg. (Camden Soc.) pp. 2, 3 ; Ric. Divis.
Coggeshall (Rolls Ser.), i. 191; Life and (Eng. Hist. Soc.) p. 63; Hist. Monast. S.
Miracles of St. William of Norwich by Pet. Glonc. (Rolls Ser.) i. 20 ; Ann. Monast.
Thomas of Monmouth, ed. Jessopp and (Rolls Ser.) i. 340, ii.86, 296,iv. 24; Raynald.
James (1896) ; Trivet (Eng. Hist. Soc), Ann. Eccl. (ed. 1747) ii. 395 ; Rot. Lit. Pat.
pp. 18, 68, 245 ; Flor. Wigcrn. (Eng. Hist, (Rec. Coram.) p. 47.
Soc.) ii. 155 ; Chron. Steph., Hen. II., and
XVI RECORD A IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
the means of information required for its production. From the
Arabians, the Europe of the Middle Ages received a potent intellectual
stimulus and a positive intellectual bequest : to the contemporary Jews
it acknowledged only pecuniary indebtedness.1 The sense of this in-
debtedness reinforced, if it did not generate, the popular anti-
Semitism ; for embarrassed men seldom survey their position philo-
sophically, so long as they have anything to lose or any means of
retrieving their losses. The usurer in a rude state of society
inevitably risks something dearer to him even than his money ; and
in England the general odium in which the Jews were held was
immeasurably intensified by their exemption from the ordinary
taxation, and their other privileges, indebtedness to a creature of the
Crown being of all forms of indebtedness the most galling. Their
liability to contribute to the revenue individually, as occasion demanded
and means permitted, was probably as old as their connection with the
Crown ; but it was not until 1168 that they were subjected to col-
lective talliage. Henry II. then demanded from them an aid of
5,000 marks, and as they owed their footing in the country and the
greater portion of their already vast wealth to the protection and
privileges which the Crown guaranteed them, the impost was by no
means exorbitant. It met, however, with a resistance which provoked
the King to banish the more opulent members of the community. In
these circumstances it is not surprising that, notwithstanding the
royal veto on Strongbow's Irish expedition, a Jewish loan supplied
the adventurers with the sinews of war ; but the discovery of the fact
did not tend to conciliate the King, and the Jews then stood in especial
need of royal favour, for the tide of anti-Semitism was setting in as a
flood.2
The Crusade had failed and Christendom sought a salve for its
wounded pride in reprisals upon the Jews. Twenty years or more had
elapsed since St. Bernard of Clairvaux, with partial success, had pro-
tested that the war should be confined to the Levant. St. Bernard
was now dead, and had left no spiritual successor. The Jews had
thus no advocate in Europe, at a crisis in their fortunes of excep-
tional gravity. In France, in 1180, the entire Jewry, no inconsider-
1 Maimonides, the one great Jewish kind. See Abrahams, Jewish Life in the
thinker of the Middle Ages, was doubtless Middle Ages, pp. 361-71, 405-6.
felt as a stimulus in the Christian schools ; - Mag. Eot. Scacc. (Eec. Coram.) pp. 53,
but the character of his metaphysic was 146-9 ; Mag. Eot. Pip. (Eec. Coram.)
essentially uncongenial to the Western 2 Hen. II. p. 36, 5 Hen. II. (Pipe Eoll
mind. The Jewry produced no rival to Ser.) pp. 3, 4, 6, 53, 14 Hen. II. p. 222,
Eoger Bacon, and except in the South had 16 Hen. II. p. 78 ; Gervas. Cantuar. (Eolls
no considerable secular culture of any Ser.) i. 205.
INTRODUCTION Xvii
able portion of the population of Philippe Auguste's dominions, was
arrested, committed to close custody, and held to ransom in fifteen
thousand marks ; and this harsh measure was but the prelude to
the banishment of the community from the realm two years later.
It is probable that the decree was to a large extent anticipated by
voluntary emigration, that not a few of the refugees found a home in
England, and that it was this influx of needy foreigners which led to
the disarming of the Jewry in 1181.
Henry II. had not hitherto shown himself disposed to deal harshly
with the Jews; but in 1188, when Saladin's tithe was imposed to
repair the losses in the East, no sense of incongruity deterred him
from compelling them to contribute their quota to the maintenance
of a cause in which they had, if any, only an adverse interest. Nor
do we now hear of recalcitrance ; there is no longer any need to resort
to banishment or other strong measures ; the submissive people
furnish i"60,000, little less than half the supply raised from the
country at large ; nor was the amount of their talliage readily for-
gotten.1
The conspicuous disparity between such wealth and the numbers
of its possessors, the questionable — and, to the stauncher sort of
Catholics, unholy — means by which much, if not most, of it had been
acquired, and its as yet free, if not ostentatious, display, kindled the
worst passions of a populace smarting under a sense of defeat, blinded
with bigotry, ebullient with fanatical zeal. The sequel is one of the
most deplorable chapters in our annals. While the disaster of Tiberias
was still unavenged Henry II. died at Chinon on 6 July 1189. The
magnates of the Jewry, who naturally wished to propitiate his successor,
attended the coronation in great state (3 September). They were for-
bidden to enter the church, and as, after the religious ceremony was
done, they thronged the precincts of the palace in the hope of
catching sight of the King, they were thrust back by some of the crowd.
A fray ensued, which soon became a general melee. The Christians
pursued the fugitive Jews to their quarters, and finding the houses im-
pregnable to assault, set fire to them, and, massacring such as attempted
resistance, commenced a general sack. The Justiciar Ranulf Glanvill
arrived on the scene too late to arrest or retard the work of desola-
tion, which only terminated when the rioters were fairly sated with
blood and plunder ; nor did any adequate retribution follow this
signal breach of the peace. The example set by London was followed
1 Migne.Patrolog. (Lat.) torn, clxxxii. 565; Eer. Gallic. Script, xvii. 9; Gervas. Can-
Rad. de Diceto (Bolls Ser.), ii. 4 ; Bouquet, tuar. (Bolls Ser.) i. 422 ; Tovey, p. 14.
a 2
XV111 EECOEDA IN SCACCAEIO JUDEOEUM
in the provinces, and the Lenten season of 1190 was marked in red
letters by a series of attacks upon the Jewries of the eastern counties,
at Lynn, at Norwich, at Bury St. Edmunds, at Stamford, at Lincoln,
and at York — where, in Passion Week, some hundreds of refugees
beleaguered in the castle preferred self-immolation or mutual
slaughter to surrender. The residue were ruthlessly massacred by
the infuriated insurgents, who then broke into the cathedral, and
burned the bonds, which, according to the custom of the time, their
victims had placed for security in the chapter-house.
This ostensibly religious persecution was suspected at the time to
have been at bottom but ' a new way to pay old debts ; ' and the
suspicion is confirmed by unimpeachable documentary evidence, which
affords ground for supposing that one of the prime movers in the
York affair, Eichard de Malebysse, had abundant reason for seeking
such an adjustment of accounts. The sack of a castle was too grave
a matter to be ignored, and so the circumstances were investigated by
a special commission, with the result that the city was amerced and
the Sheriff and Castellan were superseded. Malebysse was also fined,
but most of the offenders escaped scot-free. Coeur-de-Lion was
already on his way to the East, and Regent Longchamp was en-
grossed with other matters than the vindication of the law against
the murderers of the Jews.1
But the loss of the bonds was grave — indeed irreparable ; for the
Crown possessed no duplicates. It was, therefore, of paramount
importance to prevent the recurrence of disturbances which tended
so seriously to depreciate the King's chattels ; nor was it long before
the necessary measures of precaution were taken. The embarrass-
ments of the King on his return from captivity were extreme. Most
things taxable were taxed, and yet the inexorable problem of ways
and means remained unsolved — truly a humiliating position for a
lion-hearted monarch with a taste for magnificence. But there was
still balm in Gilead. The Jews were assembled at Northampton and
induced to contribute a liberal aid. The King appreciated their
generosity, and took steps to secure their bonds against the excep-
tional risks to which, as recent events had shown, they were subject.
For this purpose there were established in London and other
principal towns of Jewry ' Arch*,' or, as we should now say, registries
of bonds. Each Archa was administered by four chirographers, two
1 Will. Parv. de Novoburgo (Eng. Hist. pp. 26-8 ; Ann. Monast. (Rolls Ser.) iv. 42-
Soc), ii. 1-30; Walt, de Hemingb. (Eng. 44; Jocel. de Brakelonda (Camden Soc),
Hist. Soc.)i. 137-147; Ead.de Diceto (Rolls pp. 33, 123; Davis, nnt3B> (A.-J.H.E.P.),
Ser.), ii. 75 ; Rad. de Coggeshall (Rolls Ser.), p. 288 ; Madox, i. 473, 483.
INTRODUCTION XIX
of whom were Christians and two Jews, assisted by two copyists
(scriptores) and the clerks of the escheats. The chirographers were
chosen by juries summoned by the Sheriffs, and on election were
sworn and required to find sureties for their trustworthiness. In
their presence, in future, all contracts of loan between Christians
and Jews were to be reduced into legal shape, and they were to retain
an exact copy of every such contract under triple lock and seal. In
practice bond and memorial were written on the same skin, which,
being folded on the blank space, was cut in an irregular line, so that
the two parts corresponded as tallies. The original chirograph was
sealed by the debtor and delivered to the creditor.1
Three rolls of receipt were also to be kept, one by the Christian,
another by the Jewish chirographers, and a third by one of the clerks.
A fourth roll, containing a record of every chirograph and of all
dealings therewith, was to be kept by the clerks of the escheats. The
presence of a majority of the officials was to be essential to the
validity of any transaction in any way affecting the rights of the
parties, and the keys and seals were to be so distributed as that the
muniment chest should be always in joint control. How far these
minute and stringent regulations were actually observed it is im-
possible to say.
The Jew's acquittances or assignments of loans were made out in
the form to which he was accustomed in his dealings with his
own people, and were termed starra, from the Hebrew "H3B>, shetar
(memorial or record). They were written sometimes in Hebrew with
a Latin transcript, sometimes in Latin alone, occasionally in Latin
in Hebrew characters, and occasionally in Norman French. They
were signed by the creditor in Hebrew, and further authenticated by
his seal. A starr of acquittance entitled the debtor to cancellation
and delivery of the duplicate or ' foot ' (pes) of the chirograph, but
was not valid unless enrolled in the Exchequer. It is probable that
this was not the original rule, but it was already established in the
middle of the thirteenth century ; and hence transcripts of these
1 In the middle of the thirteenth century Michaelis anno regni Regis Henrici, filii
the practice was altered, tbe sealed part Regis Johannis, quadragesimo quarto, et
being retained by the chirographers, and a nisi tunc reddidero, dabo ei unaquaque
counterpart issued to the creditor as well ebdomada pro libra duos denarios de lucro
as to the debtor. A few of the chirographs quamdiu dictum debitum per grantum
have thus been preserved, of which the suum tenuero, et ideo invadiavi ei omnes
following may serve as a sample : terras meas et catalla. Actum die Mer-
' Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego curii proxima post diem Palmar um anno
Willelmus, filiasRadulfide Hertheby, debeo eodem.' (Accounts, Exch. Q. R., Bundle
Jacobo, filio Jacobi, Judeo, duas marcas 249, No. 7.)
argenti reddendas ad octabas Sancti
Xtf RECORD A IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
documents appear with frequency upon the Plea Rolls.1 It only
remains to add that the debtor was answerable to the Crown upon
an unregistered chirograph or a chirograph privily acquitted, and
that, though executed with all due formalities, both chirograph and
starr remained impeachable for fraud, which, however, was hardly
possible without collusion or culpable negligence on the part of the
officials.2
By this admirably contrived system the creditor was placed
entirely at the mercy of the Crown. Henceforth whenever the Barons
were more than ordinarily hard-fisted, the king had but to order
a general scrutiny of the Arenas, and having thus ascertained the
financial position of his chattels, could proceed to talliage them with
scientific precision, and, if they proved refractory, attach their bonds
and persons until his demands were satisfied. During the scrutiny
the register was closed under triple lock and seal, and all business
was suspended. The organisation within the Court of Exchequer of
a separate tribunal for the trial of Jewish causes was the natural
sequel to the establishment of the Archse. The connection indeed
of the Jews with the Court of Exchequer was probably as old as the
Court itself; for as chattels of the King, holding all that they
possessed at his bare good will and pleasure, they were in a permanent
condition of indebtedness to the Crown, and were therefore in all civil
cases properly impleaded in the forum of account ; but of the specific
Scaccarium Judeorum or Judaismi, Exchequer of the Jews or Jewry,
as it came to be called, records there are none before 1218, nor any
trace of its existence until the last year of Richard I. We then
(1198) encounter four ' Custodes Judeorum,' ' Wardens of the Jews,'
who are associated with the Barons of the Exchequer, and are in
fact Barons in all but the name. These first Justices of the Jews —
to adopt the title which afterwards became most usual — were Simon
de Pateshull, Henry de Wichenton, Benedict de Talemunt, and Joseph
Aaron. Not only Aaron, but Talemunt, was a Jew ; but there is no
subsequent instance of a Jewish Justice of the Jews throughout the
history of the Court. The Chief Rabbi, however, was expected to
attend the justices as their assistant, and we read of certain rolls
which he kept, though the nature of their contents does not appear.
There was also a Jewish escheator, and the office of Clerk of the
1 The identification of the historic Star Star Chamber (1894), p. 11.
Chamber with the room in which the starrs - Hoveden (Eolls Ser.), iii. 266 ; Madox,
were deposited when brought to West- i. 210-6 ; Tovey, pp. 32-41 ; Gross (A.-J
minster for scrutiny is purely conjectural, H.E.P.), § ii.
and gratuitous. See Baildon, The Court of
INTRODUCTION XXl
Court was held by a Jew, usually, it would seem, one of the chiro-
graphers of the London Archa.1
In the Charters granted to the Jewry by King John the Justices of
the Jews are ignored. ' Et Judei non intrabunt in placitum nisi
coram Nobis aut coram illis qui turres nostras custodierint, in
quorum ballivis Judei manserint.' ' And Jews shall not enter into
plea except before Us or before those who have ward of our castles, in
whose bailiwicks Jews dwell.' Such is still the language employed.
The ' coram Nobis ' is wide enough to include all the Justices of the
King's Court, and the subsequent practice is on the whole consistent
with this large construction. An appeal of murder by Eobert of
Sutton against Bonefand, a Jew of Bedford, was tried before the
Justices on the Bedfordshire Eyre in 1202 ; and two other appeals of
murder arising out of the death of a Jewess of York, one by her hus-
band, Milo, against three Christians, another by her brother, Benedict,
against Milo himself, are among the Crown Pleas of Trinity Term,
1208. Whether they were tried at York or Westminster is uncertain,
but their presence among the Crown Pleas is enough to show that
they were not tried before the Justices of the Jews.2 It is plain,
therefore, that at that date the Justices of the Jews had at least in
criminal matters no exclusive jurisdiction as against the Justices of
the King's Court.
The Charters of John were never expressly confirmed by Henry
III. ; but they did not therefore lapse. They lived on as part — the
most essential part— of the Consuetudo et Assisa Judaismi, of which
the Justices of the Jews were the official guardians. The position of
the Justices was, however, one which demanded no small vigilance.
They had to defend the privileges of their proteges against the en-
croachments of the ecclesiastical Courts, and the clergy, though
always defeated, were slow to relinquish the contest. The exemption
of the Jews from ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and the advantage which
their own Assize gave them, if impleaded either before the Sheriff or
in the Exchequer, were indeed the theme of one of the Articles of
Grievance drawn up by the prelates in May 1257. It would seem
that the Jew was never required to wage his law with more than
two compurgators, of whom one might be of his own race and
religion, and it is probable that the distinction between an oath
on the Pentateuch and an affirmation was not very apparent
1 Madox, i. Exch. i. 235, ii. 315 : Form. m. 9 ; Prynne, ii. 38, G9.
Anglican, cxlii. ; Eot. Lit. Claus. 21 Hen. " Select Pleas of the Crown (Selclen
III. m. 18, 33 Hen. III. m. 6, 7, 44 Hen. III. Soc), i. Nos. 59, 103.
XX11 RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
to most Englishmen of that day, whether lay or clerical. More-
over, as the Justices of the Jews did not ordinarily hold pleas in
the provinces, a suitor who could not obtain redress against a Jew
in the Sheriff's Court might be put to the expense of a journey to
Westminster. In these circumstances the Justices in Eyre naturally
refused to recognise the jurisdiction of the Justices of the Jews as
exclusive of their own. From the Annals of Dunstable it appears
that Martin de Pateshull presided at the trial in 1221 of Moses the
forger, and though the record of this case appears upon the roll of the
Exchequer of the Jews, it is certain that Martin de Pateshull was not
one of the Justices of that Court.1
In the Norwich circumcision case hereafter (p. xxvii) noticed, pro-
ceedings were instituted before the Justices in Eyre (1234), nor did
the Jews plead to the jurisdiction. The case was adjourned pending
an investigation by the King in Council and a reference to the
Ordinary. The Jews procured a view by an oblation of ten marks,
and afterwards applied for a mixed jury; but the Justices certi-
fying that this concession would render a verdict impossible, the
case was eventually tried by them with an ordinary jury, and the
prisoners were found guilty and executed. That at no stage in these
protracted proceedings was the jurisdiction of the Justices in Eyre so
much as questioned is proof positive that it was not as yet open to
question. In 1250 pleas of disseisin of tenements within the City of
London were withdrawn from the cognisance of the Justices of the
Jews, and assigned for trial ' coram civibus,' i.e. in the Mayor's Court.
Subsequently such cases appear to have been tried in the Chancery ;
but in 1271 they were definitively reassigned to the Exchequer.
These notes of practice suffice to show that the exclusive jurisdiction
from time to time affirmed for the Justices of the Jews was subject to
certain important limitations. The claim is asserted in a writ of
7 January 1257, whereby the Justices on the Lincoln Eyre are pro-
hibited from trying Jewish causes ' quia Ptex non vult quod Judei sui
placitent vel implacitentur alibi quam coram Justiciariis Eegis ad
custodiam Judeorum assignatis,' but from a writ of 14 February 12G3
it appears that two Jews indicted before the Justices in Eyre in Sussex
for receiving stolen goods, and outlawed for absconding, had then
submitted to their jurisdiction. Exclusive jurisdiction is reaffirmed
for the Justices of the Jews in the most ample terms on the accession
of Edward I., but nevertheless in 1276 the London Jewry purchased
exemption from the jurisdiction of the Justices in Eyre by a fine of
1 Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. (Rolls Ser.) vi. 360-1; Ann. Monast. (Rolls Ser.) iii. GG.
INTRODUCTION Xxiii
50/., and in the great coin-clipping case of 1279 the Jews were tried
with the other offenders before a special commission, ' ad placita
transgressionis monete audienda,' which included no Justice of the
Jews.
Moreover, the Justices of the Jews were at all times subordinate
to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, who corrected their
' excesses,' and with whom in cases of exceptional difficulty they were
accustomed to confer. An instance in point is the case of Charlecote v.
Licorice, Easter Term, 37 Hen. III., infra. In short, the Exchequer
of the Jews, though it had its own seal and separate staff of officers,
was not so much a separate Court as a branch of the Great Ex-
chequer, invested with a jurisdiction never very precisely defined,
and which never became, though it gradually tended to become,
exclusive of that of the King's Court.
Its procedure did not differ materially from that of the Great
Exchequer, except so far as it was modified by the Assisa Judaismi, of
which the most important feature was the right of a Jew to trial by a
panel ' de medietate ' when impleaded by a Christian upon a cause of
action arising within the Jewry.
The wealth of the Jews, their monopoly, only temporarily invaded
by the Cahorsins of the moneylending business, and the frequency with
which they were talliaged or otherwise mulcted by the Crown, provided
the Court with abundance of occupation, and political causes gave it,
as we shall see, during great part of the reign of Henry III. an
altogether exceptional importance. During the reign of John, the
Justices of the Jews were William de Warenne, of Wormgay, in
Norfolk, Geoffrey de Norwich, and Thomas de Neville. William de
Albini was also appointed, but held office only for a short period.
Warenne and Albini were both great barons. The other two men
are hardly to be identified.1
Under the tutelage of these worthies the Jews fared at first some-
what better than in the preceding reign ; for John had far too shrewd
an eye to his own interest to permit his chattels to suffer by any but
himself, or to refuse them such indulgence as might be necessary to
enable them to replenish their coffers. He was, therefore, content
with 4,000 marks as the price of the confirmation of their privileges,
and sternly repressed the recrudescent anti-Semitism which in 1203
threatened a fresh sack of the London Jewry, admonishing the Mayor
1 Eot. Lit. Claus. (Rec. Comm.) i. 34-5, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. 489, 570 ; Addit.
87-8, 107 ; Rot. Chart. (Rec. Comm.) p. 61 ; Roll (Brit. Mus.) 7218, m. 9 ; Cal. Close
De Antiq. Leg. (Camden Soc.) p. 16 ; 41 Rolls (Rolls Ser.), 1272-9, p. 265 ; Madox,
Hen. III. m. 12 ; 47 Hen. III. m. 11 ; Rymer, i. 254.
XxiV RECORDA IN SCACCARtO JUDEORUM
and Barons with characteristic superciliousness that his promise of
protection, though it were granted to a dog, ought to he held inviolate ;
and when, after the rupture with Eome, his hand was heavy on the
Church, another 4,000 marks was all that he at first deemed it
expedient to exact from Israel.1
But when the crisis was at last come, when, discredited and almost
desperate, he stood among his mutinous nobles and disaffected people,
and computed his resources for the final struggle, then was the time
to draw upon the reserve which had silently accumulated in the hands
of his chattels, and rich was the reward which he reaped from his
wise economy.
On his return from Ireland in the autumn of 1210 he caused the
entire Jewish community throughout the kingdom to he arrested and
collected at Bristol, where on All Saints Day (1 November) it was
rated for talliage at 66,000 marks. The sum was considerably less
than that which Henry II. had levied in 1188, but the Jews had
suffered much since then, and all the respite accorded them had not
sufficed to restore them to their former opulence.
The officers who had made the scrutiny of the Archse had appa-
rently exaggerated the value of their contents, and the proceeds of
the sale or redemption of the bonds did not answer to their estimate.
The money was therefore not readily forthcoming. But the King
would not bate a jot of his demands, though to enforce them strained
the resources of even his tyranny. The methods used to extort the
balance were of the most ruthless character, nor did the victims fail
to give signal proof of the stubborn endurance which has ever been
characteristic of their race. In some cases the King's methods were
ultimately successful, as in the well-known instance recorded by
Wendover, of the wealthy magnate who deferred payment until
seven of his teeth had been wrenched from his jaw, and then paid in
full to save the residue ; 2 but in other cases mutilation or death was
the penalty of invincible obduracy, or perhaps of inability to disclose
treasures which the sufferers did not possess.
This reign of terror caused a large exodus of Jews from the
country. One chronicle speaks of a general edict of banishment,
but no such measure was strictly enforced. The Jewry retained a
footing in the country, though reduced to comparative insignificance,
for the places of William de Warenne and Geoffrey de Norwich,
1 Eot. de Obi. et Fin. (Rec. Comm.) pp. Gervas. Cantuar. (Rolls Ser.) ii. 105 ;
133, 402, 418; Hardy, Description of Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. (Rolls Ser.) ii.
Patent Rolls (Rec. Cornm.), p. 61. 528 ; Rot. Scacc. de Recept. (Jud.) 14 Job.. ;
- Rog. de Wendover (Rolls Ser.), ii. 54; Madox, i. 223.
INTRODUCTION XXV
both of which became vacant about this time, were not filled up
until the accession of Henry III., when the exiles began to
return to the country in considerable numbers. They met on the
whole with encouragement. The Earl of Pembroke, who acted
as Protector during the minority of the King, assured them of the
King's 'firm peace,' expressly exempted them from the jurisdiction of
the ecclesiastical courts, and in towns where they were likely to meet
with molestation caused twenty-four burgesses to be sworn in to pro-
tect them. At the same time each male Jew was required to wear a
badge consisting of two strips of white linen or parchment whenever
he was seen in public, and immigrants were ordered to enrol them-
selves forthwith in the Court of Exchequer.1
These measures were not without effect. The stream of Jewish
immigration continued, increased in volume, and spread itself far and
wide over the country. The immigrants were perhaps nowhere wel-
come ; and it was the policy of the Crown to confine them to com-
paratively few localities. They were thus excluded by royal mandate
from Xewcastle-on-Tyne in 1234, from Wycombe in 1235, from South-
ampton in 1236, from Xewbury in 1244, and in 1253, as we shall see,
an ordinance was passed which definitively prohibited the formation
of any new Jewry. This edict was rigorously enforced by the dispersal
of such new settlements as the Jews from time to time ventured to
establish (at Winchelsea, e.g., in 1273, at Bridgnorth in 1274, at
Windsor in 1283), and the arrest and amercement of any Jew who
changed his residence without license. The distribution of the Jewries
will appear with tolerable completeness from the cases which follow ;
here it is enough to observe that on the further side of the river Trent,
a great landmark in those days, they were mainly confined to the
counties of Nottingham and York ; but that otherwise they were to
be found in most of the English counties. With Wales, which when
conquered was placed under a separate jurisdiction, we are not
concerned.
By Magna Carta (§ 10), the right of the Crown in Jewish credits
was expressly limited to the principal money. We may be sure that
this article was at least no better observed than the rest of the
Charter ; but the first talliage laid upon the Jewry by Henry III. (in
1226) amounted to no more than 4,000 marks, and, though it was
soon followed by one of 6,000 marks, the payment of the latter
sum was respited until 1230.2 So long indeed as Hubert de Burgh
1 Ryrner, Foedera, ed. Clarke, i. 151-2 ; Comm.) i. 112, 186.
Pryime, ii. 21, 24; Eot. Lit. Claus. (Eec. - Reeept. de Tall. Jud. 10 Hen. III., Rot.
XXVI RECOEDA IN SCACCAEIO JUDEORUM
remained Justiciar, the Jews were secure against inordinate exactions.
Their history during this period is accordingly characterised by a
wholesome dulness. Their Exchequer was administered by compara-
tively obscure men, Eichard de Dol, Alexander de Dorset, Elias de
Sunninges.1 As these men owed their places to Burgh, they were
doubtless sound lawyers and upright judges, but, though the records
of the Court now begin, they are as yet too defective to shed much
light upon its inner history. This must nevertheless have been a
period of silent growth, during which the functions of the Court both
fiscal and judicial acquired increased importance, and its practice
assumed definite shape.
In 1232 the Poitevin adventurer, Pierre des Pioches, who
masqueraded as Bishop of Winchester and flattered the King's
hopes of recovering the lost Continental dominions, gained the
ascendency. Burgh was dismissed, and Des Roches became the real
minister, with Stephen de Segrave as nominal Justiciar. The
place of Treasurer of the Exchequer was given, with many other offices,
to Des Roches's nephew or son, Pierre de Rievaulx, who chose as
under-treasurer Robert Passelewe, a former retainer of the infamous
Falkes de Breaute. The Exchequer of the Jews thus passed under
the control of a rapacious junto, who neglected no means of enriching
themselves at the expense of the suitors and their Sovereign. They
were dismissed for various misfeasances in 1234, but not until two
fresh talliages — one of 8,000 marks, the other of 10,000 marks — had
been laid upon the Jewry ; and, despite the influence of the patriotic
Primate, Edmund Rich, who for a time had the King's confidence,
Segrave, Rievaulx, and Passelewe were soon restored to favour,
though not to their former offices. The King dispensed with a
Justiciar, and was satisfied with a clerk for Treasurer.
The system of talliaging was now perfected, a few wealthy persons
being held primarily responsible for the required amount, and em-
powered to make the • assessment upon the community, and enforce
their demands by distress. The magnates sometimes received
substantial tokens of royal favour, and were also flattered by being
associated with the Justices in the administration of the law. Thus
in 1238, when Elias de Sunninges and his colleagues Philip Assell
and William Le Breton went circuit under a special commission
for the trial of coin-clipping, larceny, and cognate cases, Aaron and
Lit. Claus. 10 Hen. III. m. 16, 19 Hen. III. Eolls (Rolls Ser.), 1272-9, p. 130.
pars i. m. 23, 20 Hen. III. m. 11, 28 Hen. ' Appointed on 8 May, 1218. Eot. Lit.
III. in. 1G ; Madox, i. 224, 260 ; Rymer, Pat. 2 Hen. III. m. 3 ; Prynne, ii. 21.
tfuedera, ed. Clarke, i. 503, 634 ; Cal. Close
INTRODUCTION XXvii
Leo of York, David of Oxford, Benedict Crespin, Aaron Blund, Aaron,
son of Abraham, Jacob Crespin, and Elias le Eveske were named in
the commission as assessors.
The policy evidently was to establish a Court faction within the
Jewry, by which the rest of the community might be rendered entirely
subservient to the King's will : and it was a prescient policy, for the
King was only beginning to realise the difficulties of his position. He
had made an unpopular marriage. Queen Eleanor drew in her train
her uncles Boniface and Pierre de Savoie, for whom it was necessary
to make honourable provision. They were followed by Henry's half-
brothers, Guy, Geoffrey and Aymer de Lusignan and William de
Valence, who were received at Court with no less distinction. England
was not then a hospitable country, and the honours lavished on the
newcomers excited intense disgust among the Norman nobles. The
Barons were by no means a united party, and Henry might perhaps
have evaded the Charter with impunity, had not his open preference
for his foreign relations given strength and cohesion to the opposition.
In the baronial programme of reform the extrusion of the foreign
faction from the Court and the country was always closely associated
with the appointment of a Justiciar and the confirmation of the
Charter. Till these demands were granted no satisfactory solution
of the problem of ways and means was to be looked for from the
Barons ; and thus the King, weak, lavish, and despotic, was reduced
to replenish his treasury by arbitrary methods, and particularly by
the now time-honoured expedient of talliaging the Jews.1 •X^***"""'
In 1237 the last arrears of the assessment of 10,000 marks
were exacted with the utmost rigour ; and the assessment was
doubled in 1241, when a so-called Jewish Parliament — which was, in
fact, merely a convention of notables from the several Jewries — met
at Worcester to arrange details. In the interval we read of sore
tribulation suffered by the community at the hands of Geoffrey the
Templar, one of the King's most trusted advisers, and of other
outrages at Norwich connected with the circumcision case.
The procedure in this case has been already described, and the
record is printed in the Appendix. There is therefore no need to
enter minutely into its nauseous details. The record assigns that
Odard, son of Benedict, a physician of Norwich, had been kidnapped
and circumcised by certain Jews some four years before the indict-
1 Rot. Lit. Pat. 17 Hen. III. m. 6, 7, Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. (Eolls Ser.) iii.
21 Hen. III. m. 9, 22 Hen. III. m. 2, 220, 292-6, 306, 368 ; Prynne, ii. 30-37.
33 Hen. III. m. 4, 34 Hen. III. m. 3 ;
XXV111 RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
ment was laid. The case is therefore, prima facie, suspicious ; but,
on the other hand, the evidence was abundant and consistent ; the
Justices certified, after a view, that the boy had been circumcised, and
a subsequent view, had at the instance of the Jews at the close of the
proceedings before the Council, did not affect the decision. It is
evident, therefore, that we must make our option between fact and
fabrication ; nor, on the latter hypothesis, is it easy, or perhaps possible,
to clear either the Justices or the Council of a very serious imputation.
Henry was now fairly launched on that course of ruinous ex-
travagance and reckless adventure which eventually provoked the
revolt of the Barons. His rule was despotism tempered by debt, and
that he was so long able to postpone the day of reckoning was in
great measure due to the enforced liberality of his Jewry. On his
return in 1243 from his bootless campaign in Poitou, he discovered
a mine of wealth in the Chief Eabbi, Aaron of York. Aaron had the
misfortune- to be impleaded for forgery, and the King was thus able
to draw from him in the course of seven years sums amounting in the
whole to 32,000 marks. The Chief Eabbi thus escaped the gaol at the
cost of the bulk of his princely fortune. In 1244 a singular piece of
treasure trove added vastly to the King's resources. The corpse of a
boy was exhumed in London, whereon were discovered certain marks
of rough usage, and some punctures resembling Hebrew letters, which,
with the aid of some converted Jews, were construed to signify that
the child had been sold to the Jews. The case was plain ; London
rang with the news of another ritual murder, the corpse was interred
with great solemnity in St. Paul's Cathedral, and the Jews were
talliaged in 60,000 marks payable in five years.
This immense sum was hardly got in before the Justices of the
Jews received a royal mandate to make a domiciliary visitation of the
Jewries to search out the hidden treasures which they were thought to
contain. The Justices accordingly rode forth attended by a renegade
Jew, who acted as inquisitor, and took a malign delight in compelling
discovery of secret hoards and doubling the talliage upon the owners.
On the basis of this census a tax of a third was laid upon the com-
munity in the summer of 1253.
But the King was not content merely to extort money from the
Jews. It was evidently his deliberate design to degrade their status
to the uttermost. Even the Synagogue had by this time lost all
freedom of action, so that the Masters of the Law could not even
excommunicate a defaulter in graveyard dues without first applying
for a royal license ; and in 1253 a royal ordinance hedged the Jewry
INTRODUCTION xxix
about with a series of vexatious regulations. The ordinance began
with a threat. No Jew, it affirmed, should thenceforth remain in
England unless he served the King in some way. It then forbade the
erection of synagogues on sites not already dedicated to the purpose
in the reign of John, enjoined the worshippers to recite their offices
in a low tone so as not to offend Christian ears, and subjected them
to the authority of the parish priest, not only in secular matters, but
in the article of the observance of Lent. It proceeded to debar the
Jews not only from the services of Christians, but from all friendly
and familiar intercourse with them, closed the churches to them
except for purposes of transit, and, having thus deprived them of all
reasonable hope of conversion, admonished them in no way to hinder
that salutary process. It concluded by forbidding them to change
their residence without special royal license.
In certain respects this ordinance did but renew and reinforce
provisions made by the Council of Oxford in 1222, in which year a
nameless deacon, who had apostatised for love of a Jewess, expiated
his offence at the stake ; but the canons of an assembly of ecclesi-
astics stood even in that age on a very different footing from a royal
edict, and it is doubtful whether the canons in question had not been
allowed to become almost a dead letter. Henry's edict, on the other
hand, went far towards converting the Jewry into a Ghetto. It was
doubtless inspired by Boniface de Savoie, now Archbishop of Canter-
bury, who may have thought thereby to atone for his scandalous
neglect of his spiritual duties ; but it would hardly have been pro-
mulgated had not the capacity of the Jews to serve the King in the
accustomed way begun to show signs of declension. The threat of
expulsion was, however, merely ' in terrorem.'
Henry had acted as if the Jews possessed the purse of Fortunatus,
and the discovery of his error had caused him bitter disappointment ;
but the Jews, though impoverished by his merciless exactions, were
still far too valuable a property to be discarded in a fit of the spleen.
Their condition was depicted in the darkest colours by Chief Rabbi
Elias, when Richard, Earl of Cornwall, who acted as Regent during
the King's absence in Gascony, laid a new talliage of 10,000 marks
upon them in 1254. His Majesty, he passionately declared, might
flay, might mutilate, might massacre them, but he could not compel
them to yield that which they no longer possessed ; and he therefore
craved for himself and his people a safe-conduct to the coast. The
rhetoric was excellent, but Earl Richard was one of the hardest and
keenest men of a merciless age : he saw that the Chief Rabbi pro-
XXX RECORD A IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
tested too much, he refused the safe-conduct, and he got the 10,000
marks, or a substantial fraction of the sum, without resorting to the
extreme measures which Elias had suggested.
On his return from Gascony, towards the close of 1254, Henry
began to realise that he had almost touched the limit of his financial
resources. He was desperately in need of funds to equip the grand
army which was to seat Prince Edmund on the throne of the Sicilies.
The project was in the last degree distasteful to the Barons, and the
King was therefore driven once more to have recourse to the Jews.
Early in 1255 he summoned their chief notables to the council table
and demanded 8,000 marks. Recent experience had evidently taught
the magnates the futility of declamation, for they now contented
themselves with a dry and curt ' non possumus,' to which the weak
King found no answer. He was fain to mortgage the entire com-
munity with all its arrears of talliage to Earl Eichard, for the trifling
sum of 5,000 marks (24 Feb.). Earl Richard's wealth was enormous ;
but his resources were likely to be severely strained by his intended
canvass of the Imperial Electoral College ; and thus the would-be
King of the Romans and Emperor of the West did not disdain to
wring a paltry subsidy from the impoverished Jewry of England.1
About Michaelmas, 1255, the King on his southward progress
from the Scottish border reached Lincoln, and tarried to investigate
a supposed case of ritual murder, with which the city was ringing.
He had already heard from the lips of Beatrix, the bereaved mother,
how her boy Hugh, a child of nine years, had been missing since the
vigil of St. Peter's Chains (31 July), and how the place where he had
been last seen, and an unusual concourse of Jews which had been lately
observed in the city, had raised a suspicion that he had met his fate
at their hands. He had at once directed the inquest to be taken by
John de Lexington,2 then Chief Justice of the Forest on the further
side of Trent, a man, we are told, of great sagacity and discretion.
Search had been made, and on 29 August a body, which was identified
with that of the missing lad, had been discovered in a well, bearing
the stigmata and other scars indicative of death by ritual murder ;
but as the case rested on merely circumstantial evidence, nothing
1 Eecept. de Tall. Jud. 17, 38 Hen. III. ; Monast. (Eolls Ser ) iv. 63 ; Eymer, Foedera,
Eot. Lit. Pat. 17 Hen. III. m. 6 ; 21 Hen. III. ed. Clarke, i. 274, 293, 315 ; Prynne, ii. 39,
m. 6, 9, ; 34 Hen. III. m. 3, 6 ; Eot. Lit. 43.
Claus. 21 Hen. III. m. 19 ; De Antiq. Leg. - In the contemporary authorities Lex-
(Camden Soc.) pp. 19, 21 ; Madox, i. 224- inton, or Lessinton ; but it has seemed
07, ii. 360 ; Norf. Antiq. Misc. i. 331 ; Matt. best to modernise the spelling. A brief life
Paris, Chron. Maj. (Eolls Ser.) iii. 543, iv. of the judge is given in the Dictionary of
30,88,260,377, v. 115, 441,487-8; Ann. National Biography.
INTRODUCTION XXXI
further had as yet been done. Upon his arrival Henry gave orders
for a general arrest of the suspects, who made a stout resistance, com-
pelling the officers of the law to force their houses, and defending
themselves desperately, so that they were dragged to the court in
chains. In the course of the subsequent investigation Lexington
fixed upon one who was apparently a man of some consequence, and
is said to have been a rabbi, as a possible approver. This witness,
whose name is given as Joppin, or Copin, but was probably Joscepin,
he therefore reserved for private examination. Joscepin was not
tortured, nor had he reasonable cause to apprehend torture, which,
though practised by King John, formed no part of the regular course
of judicial procedure. His life was in no immediate danger ; he was
not kept for any considerable time in confinement, and it is impossible
to understand how Lexington could subject him to any pressure which
might not have been resisted by a man of ordinary firmness. Never-
theless, relying on Lexington's proffered interest to secure his immunity
if he disclosed the facts, he made a deposition incriminating himself and
a multitude of other Jews in the ritual murder of the boy. The deposi-
tion was taken as conclusive of the informer's own guilt, and the im-
munity suggested by Lexington was denied him by the King. The
wretch was therefore executed on the spot. The associates whom he
had incriminated, to the number of ninety-two, were indicted and sent
to London for trial. Eighteen of them, regarding conviction as a fore-
gone conclusion, unless they were allowed a mixed jury, refused to
put themselves upon the country. This was construed as a confession
of guilt, and on their arrival in London they were summarily sentenced
and executed (22-3 November). The trial of the rest was fixed for
the following Hilary Term, a jury of twenty-four knights and as many
burgesses being summoned from Lincoln for the purpose. Two of the
prisoners were pardoned before the case came on. The rest, all save
one, were convicted and sentenced, but the Dominican Order, at the
cost of much obloquy, was instant in the cause of mercy, and the
powerful intercession of Earl Eichard at length (Easter Term) pro-
cured the release of all the prisoners. The earl's intervention was
alleged at the time to have been bought by the Jewry, and unfortu-
nately we cannot discredit the story.
The record of this case is not forthcoming ; but the circumstantial
account furnished by the Annalist of Burton-on-Trent is borne out in
all material particulars by Matthew Paris. The concealment of the
corpse in the well is certainly not a probable circumstance, nor* is
the narrative free from miraculous incident ; but the explanation
b
XXXll RECOEDA IN SCACCAEIO JUDEOEUM
given by the Jews of their unusual strength in the city — a great
wedding — is recorded, and the writer's apparent accuracy and general
sobriety of tone suggest that he was both well informed and con-
scientious. In this case, therefore, as in the Norwich circumcision
case, we are confronted by a very ugly alternative. Either Joscepin
spoke the truth, or the charge to which he deposed was a fabrication.
No refuge can be found in a mythical theory. The wounds on the
boy's body might conceivably, if the death were accidental, have
been inflicted post mortem by other than Jewish hands, but it would
be irrational to suppose that there were no such wounds. Moreover,
the myth would be wanting in the reproductive power characteristic
of myths. Little Hugh's remains were interred with a martyr's rites
in Lincoln Minster ; his shrine became famous, his story a theme for
ballads. On the mythical hypothesis such celebrity ought to have
been a prolific source of similar charges, whereas the subsequent
history of the English Jewry furnishes only two such cases, in one of
which the accused were acquitted, and in the other convicted. This
circumstance also tells against the hypothesis of fabrication, unless
indeed we are to assume that the Crown possessed and jealously
guarded a monopoly of the manufacture, for otherwise success might
have been expected to stimulate production. On the other hand it is
perhaps hardly possible for any but a Jew to appreciate the full weight
of the presumption which the character of the Rabbinical Law and
the conservative instincts of the Jewish people combine to raise against
the hypothesis of ritual murder, even though the practice be supposed
to have been confined to a small and obscure sect of fanatical zealots.1
We must therefore be content to suspend judgment on this
singular case until some document shall leap to light which may
enable us to pronounce decisively as to its merits. We are in no
better position in regard to another cause celebre, which must have
painfully agitated the London Jewry in 1257, the trial of Chief Rabbi
Elias for a trespass against the King and Earl Richard. The trial
took place in the Exchequer of the Jews before Sir Philip Basset, who
had but just been appointed, Sir Philip Lovel, the Treasurer, Sir
Henry de Bath, and Sir Simon Passelewe. Lovel, originally a
clerk in the Exchequer, had been appointed Treasurer in 1252. He
1 Ann. Monast. (Rolls Ser.) i. 340 ; Matt. are printed in the Appendix to Mr. Joseph
Paris, Chron.Maj. (Rolls Ser.)v. 516-19, 546; Jacobs's ingenious dissertation, 'Little St.
De Antiq. Leg. (Camden Soc.) p. 23 ; Royal Hugh of Lincoln,' in the Transactions of
and Historical Letters, ed. Shirley (Rolls the Jewish Historical Society of England,
Sti.i. ii. 110; Rymer.. Fo-dera, ed. Clarke, 1893-4. For subsequent cases, see Cal.
i. 335, 344; Excerpt, e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Close Rolls, Ed. I. 1272-9, p. 273, and Bart.
Comm.'l ii. 240. 255. A few other records de Cotton (Rolls Ser.), p. 159.
INTRODUCTION xxxiii
was an able man, and though convicted of forgery and removed
from office, had found the means to procure his restoration to favour
and place.1 Bath and Passelewe were both, like Lovel, thoroughly
unscrupulous men, and Basset, the Falkland of the age, as he has
well been termed,2 must have felt singularly out of his element in
such a tribunal. The record of the proceedings is again lost, nor does
the precise nature of the charge appear from other sources. We
know only that the Chief Babbi was deprived of his office, and that
his brothers Cresse and Hagin procured by a fine of three marks of
gold a patent confirming the deprivation in perpetuity, and throwing the
office open to free election. The choice of the people fell upon Hagin.
Elias is said to have been soon afterwards baptized,3 but if so, his
conversion was as superficial as it was sudden, for he not only throve
as a money-lender but actually held office in the Synagogue as Master
of the Law, and at his death his by no means inconsiderable estate was
administered in the Exchequer of the Jews. (See the Becords of
Trinity Term, 3 Ed. I., and Trinity Term, 12 Ed. L, infra.) His suc-
cessful rival became involved in financial transactions which led to his
committal to gaol and the confiscation of his estate in the third year
of Edward I. (ib. Easter Term, 8 Ed. I. infra).
In 1258 Henry's embarrassments had so far increased that he
found himself confronted by an opposition which left him no resource
but capitulation. A Committee of Government was established, com-
posed in equal proportion of King's men and constitutionalists, who
elected a Council of State without whose advice the King was to do
nothing. The Justiciar's place was revived and given to Hugh Bigod
as representative of the Barons, with whom Basset was afterwards
associated on the part of the King. Lovel, Bath, and Passelewe were
removed, and the reform of the Exchequer was projected. In the
meantime two Justices, Adam de Greinvill and Thomas Sperun,
sufficed for the work of the Jewish department. The new system
soon proved unworkable. The Barons were divided among themselves,
the King chafed under their tutelage, and at Whitsuntide 1261
dismissed Bigod's successor, Hugh Le Despenser, and appointed
Basset in his place. A slender supply which he had meanwhile suc-
ceeded in wringing from the Jewry constituted in his desperate straits a
substantial aid ; and for the trifling supplement of 25 marks of gold
1 His less fortunate associate in iniquity, Charlecote v. Licorice, Easter Term, 37 Hen.
Robert de la Ho, failed to procure his re- III., infra.
instatement. Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. - See Mr. Round's admirable notice of him
(Rolls Ser.) v. 320, 345. Two others of in the Dictionary of National Biography.
Lovel's subordinates appear in the case of 3 Prynne, i. 34, ii. 79.
b2
XXXIV KECOEDA IX SCACCAEIO JUDEORUM
he had been pleased to promise his victims a five years' respite from
extortion, to commence at Easter 1261. This, however, did not pre-
vent him from assigning them in July 1262 to Prince Edward, by
whom they were subdemised in discharge of a loan to Messrs. Beraud
Brothers, one of the now numerous firms of Christian merchants, who
understood how to reconcile the practice of usury with the precepts of
the Canon Law. In his speech to the Council Chief Babbi Elias had
made a caustic reference to the Papal usurers, by whom the Jews were
now supplanted and impoverished. Edward was determined that the
Jewry should pay dearly for that gibe. The King ratified the demise
(11 June 1263), but in a fit of suspicion or the spleen revoked his grant
and took the community into his own hand before the expiration of
the lease.
These transactions occasioned corresponding changes in the
judicial staff, the Court being reconstituted as soon as the King re-
covered his freedom of action, and again, on the assignment of the
Jewry to the Prince. Edward's Justices were, first, Sir Hamo Hauteyn
and William de Haselbech, then Adam de Winton and Bobert de
Crepping. Winton was dismissed and Haselbech reinstated when the
Jewry once more passed into the hand of the King ; but neither he nor
Crepping continued long in office. Their successors were Sir Bobert de
Fulham, John Le Moyne, and William de Orlaveston. The two latter
soon quitted office, but Sir Bobert de Fulham retained it until 1272,
when he and his colleagues William de Watford and William de Thur-
laeston were removed for corruption. Fulk Peyforer and Balph de St.
Osyth, who were in office at Henry's death (16 November 1272), were
not continued by Edward I. Their successors, Sir Hamo Hauteyn and
Sir Bobert de Ludham, were doubtless chosen with a view to compe-
tence and character ; but even they failed to withstand the seductive
influences to which they were exposed, and in 1287 were dismissed
for corruption. Their places were taken by William de Carleton and
Henry de Bray, who were joined, or Bray was replaced, by Peter de
Leicester in 1290 on the eve of the events which closed the Exchequer
of the Jews for ever.1
These changes in the personnel of the Court have been detailed
because they illustrate its character. Few of the judges, by whom it
1 Ann. Monast. (Eolls Ser.) i. 447-9, Accounts, Exch. Q.E. Bundle 249 No.
479 ; Rot. Lit. Pat. 45 Hen. III. m. 11, 13, 10 ; Rot. Scacc. tie Plac. 53-54 Hen. III.
47 Hen. III. m. 9 ; Rot. Lit. Claus. 44 m. 3 dorso, 4, 8, 10 dorso, 11, 13 dorso, 17
Hen. III. m. 13, 45 Hen. III. in. 22, 4G dorso; Chron. Ed. I. and Ed. II. (Rolls
Hen. III. m. 4 ; Q.R, Mem. 49 Hen. III. Ser.) i. 55, 58, 94 ; Rymer, Fcedera, ed.
m. 16 ; Madox, i. 229-57, ii. 254, 320 ; Clarke, i. 362, 407 ; Prynne, ii. 48, 52 ;
Recept. de Tall. Jud. 44 Hen. III. ; Gross (A.-.J.H.E.P.). App. A.
INTRODUCTION xxxv
was administered during the latter half of Henry III.'s reign, were
long in office, and none could count on being so. In such circum-
stances they must have been men of rare integrity if they risked or
renounced much in the interest of pure justice. Moreover, the law
which they had to administer was such as could not but accustom
them to regard the Jews as beings hardly entitled to justice, but
rather as mere pensioners upon the bounty of the Crown. For the
burden of talliage, and the indignity of arbitrary transference from
master to master, were not the sole, though undoubtedly they were the
most salient, features of the degraded status of the Jewry. Except so
far as their chartered or customary privileges extended, the Plantagenet
regime recognised no law for the Jews but the King's will, the King's
caprice. It is a small matter, but significant, that their court fees
were higher than those charged to Christians. Where, e.g., a Christian
ordinarily paid half a mark for initiating legal process, a Jew would
pay 20s. Throughout the reigns of John and Henry III. the writs of
seisin which they obtained at the Exchequer for the enforcement of
their securities against defaulting debtors appear to have been of very
little use, for they were accustomed to fortify them by letters royal,
for which the Crown charged a commission of 10 per cent, (a bezant,
2s., per pound) on the amount claimed (see Charlecote v. Licorice,
Easter Term, 37 Hen. III. infra) ; and if justice was not actually sold
to them, yet, Magna Carta notwithstanding, they were expected to
smooth its course, and did so by handsome presents, which were
received by the Justices ' ad opus Regis,' but did not always reach
the King's hands. Even in the reign of Edward I. traces of corrupt
practices are apparent. v
By the ordinance of 1253 the Jews were, as we have seen, expressly \
forbidden to change their residence without special royal license. The I
object of this rule was to prevent evasion of talliage, for which, accord- /
ingly, they were required to give security before departure. The rule/
was not entirely novel, and had probably been observed for some conf
siderable time ; nor was it ever abrogated.1
If a Jew were excommunicated by the Synagogue, and failed to
make submission within forty days, the Crown evinced its solicitude
for the due observance of the Jewish Law, and asserted its supremacy
in matters synagogal by confiscating the offender's property.
The same measure was meted out with true royal impartiality
1 Mag. Rot. Pip. (Rec. Comm.) 33 Hen. Johan. (Rec. Comm.) pp. 201, 210, 216,
I. pp. 53, 146-9 ; 1 Ric. I. pp. 43-5, 50, 236 ; Excerpt, e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Comm.)
229 ; ib. (Pipe Roll Ser.) 6 Hen. II. p. 50, ii. 68, 171 ; Rot. Lit. Claus. 30 Hen. III.
7 Hen. II. p. 60 ; Rot. Obi. et Fin. temp. m. 6 ; Prynne, ii. 68.
xxx vi RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
to the convert froni Judaism to Christianity. He had wilfully sought
his own salvation, and thereby had committed temporal suicide.
Nor did any portion of the convert's estate survive to his wife if
she refused to follow his example, for the Crown ' as censor morum '
was sedulous to vindicate the 'jus mariti.' ' Tu non pensavi ch' io
loico fossi ' (Inf. xxvii. 123) : ' Thou reckedst not that I could logic
chop.' So Dante's Black Cherub mocks the soul whose fate he has
sealed by syllogistic process ; and truly had the great Florentine
known much of the logic of the Plantagenet Crown lawyers, he might
well have been pardoned his implicit aspersion of a noble science.
This monstrous and anti-Christian prerogative explains the coldly
charitable provision made by Henry III. in 1232 of a Domus Con-
versorum, or hospice for the maintenance of Jewish converts. The
hospice occupied a site adjoining New Street, now Chancery Lane,
and on its eventual escheat for want of inmates was appropriated
(1377) to the use of the Master of the Rolls. The chapel was only
in our time pulled down to make room for the new block added to the
Record Office.
The harshness of the law was somewhat mitigated in the eighth
year of Edward I. (1280), when for a term of seven years the converts
were allowed to retain one moiety of their property, the other moiety
being applied to the endowment of the hospice.
On the death of a Jew his whole estate passed into the King's
hand ; its value was liquidated by a mixed jury and the representatives
of the deceased, and if no ground of partial or total forfeiture could
be made out by the Crown lawyers, a third part was appropriated
' ad opus Eegis,' the residue being suffered to devolve according to
testamentary disposition or the custom of the Jewry. By special
grace the King sometimes commuted his third for a fine payable by
annual instalments, and released the entire estate on security given
for their due payment. Such was the general course of administra-
tion not only under John and Henry III., but under Edward I. The
confiscation was not a posthumous penalty for the practice of usury,
for the Canon Law had no more application to Jews dead than to
Jews living, and we have seen that in 1218 the Jewry was expressly
exempted from the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts. The relief
was levied on all Jewish successions alike, and has its true counter-
part in the Droit d' Aubaine, or prerogative of sequestering alien estates,
which occupies so prominent a place in the history of French law.
If the deceased left infant children, the King, of course, had their
wardship, and the consequent prerogative of taking toll of their
INTRODUCTION XXXV] i
marriages, whether they were male or female. Equally of course the
release of the wardship was rarely granted except for a substantial
fine. In this respect the Jews did not differ from tenants in chief ;
but it is evident that in a large sense their status was one of perpetual
wardship. The King through his Justices gave them his tutelage, and
there was no ultimate limit but his will to the number and nature of
the restrictions and exactions which he might impose upon them.1
Talliages, reliefs, fines, forfeitures, escheats, notwithstanding, some
portion, at any rate, of the Jewish community continued to thrive.
They had introduced the practice of securing their loans by rent-
charges upon feudal hereditaments, and one of the grievances com-
plained of by the Barons at Oxford in 1258 was that by collusion
with powerful personages — a veiled reflection on the King — they con-
trived to defer indefinitely the redemption of these securities, thus
compassing by sharp practice what we now call foreclosure. Hence an
attack on the London Jewry preluded the Civil War, and during its
progress the Jews suffered severely at the hands of the insurgents
not only in London (1264), but at Worcester (1263), at Northampton
and Canterbury (1264), and at Lincoln and throughout the Isle of
Ely (1266). The Jewries were sacked, the Archae were seized, and
after the battle of Lewes their contents were impounded by order
of Simon de Montfort, who proclaimed novae tabulae between Christian
and Jew. The Jews therefore hailed the restoration of peace with
unmixed satisfaction, and even began to cherish fantastic hopes of a
better future. The war had wrought great havoc among the nobles,
and not a few of their estates had passed or were passing into Jewish
hands. The new men were quick to see and seize their advantage.
They began to assume baronial state, claiming for themselves ward-
ships, escheats, and even advowsons. This bold push for social and
political emancipation united against them the full force of caste
prejudice and religious antipathy; nor were these the sole sources of
the bitter opposition which the Jews now encountered.2
Acquiescence would have involved a grave political peril ; for every
fee acquired by the Jews passed potentially into the hand of the King.
Anti-Semitism thus combined with constitutionalism in a movement
which, headed by Prince Edward and the Chancellor, Walter de Merton,
gathered irresistible force, and resulted in most drastic measures.
An ordinance of 1269 invalidated all rentcharges held by Jews upon
1 Rymer, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. 151, 201, 2 Prynne ii. 102 ; Ann. Monast. (Rolls
274; Excerpt, e Eot. Fin. (Rec Comm.) Ser.) i. 442, 451, ii. 101, 3G3, 371, iii.
i. 297, ii. 14, 47, 60, 84, 87, 148, 238; 230, iv. 448; Rymer, Fcedera ed. Clarke,
Madox, i. 227 ; Tovey, pp. 210-220. i. 441.
XXXV111 RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
feudal hereditaments and provided for the cancellation and delivery
to the debtors of the chirographs in which they were embodied, except
such as had already been assigned to Christians ; nor was any Jew
thenceforth to assign any debt due to him by a Christian without special
royal license, or the assignment to carry anything more than the bare
principal. This measure was followed in 1271 by an enactment by
which the Jews were disseised of all that they possessed in the way of
feudal hereditaments, and expressly incapacitated from acquiring feudal
seisin in the future.1 After this it is not surprising that a talliage of
G,000 marks, by which the Jewry was to furnish Prince Edward with
ways and means for the Crusade, fell short by 2,000 marks. The
deficit was made good by the King of the Romans upon the security of a
year's lease of the community, commencing at Michaelmas 1271. The
King of the Romans did not, however, live to realise his security, and
on his death (2 April 1272) the King once more took the Jewry into
his own hand and laid upon it a talliage of 5,000 marks, of which
one-fifth was assigned to Poncius de La More, the King's purveyor, in
part payment of his disbursements on account of the royal table.-
On the accession of Edward I. an important alteration was made
in the procedure of the Court ; the Jew's privilege of trial by a panel
de medietate was invaded, a preponderance being given to the
Christian element if otherwise unanimity was deemed impossible.
This measure, which was but a temporary expedient, the old practice
being soon restored and never, so far as the Plea Rolls show, again
altered, was followed almost immediately by the Statute of Jewry
(3 Ed. 1. 1271-5), by which interest was made irrecoverable by legal
process, and execution for the principal debt limited to one moiety of
the debtor's lands and chattels. By way of compensation the Jews
were authorised to trade, to purchase house property in the cities and
boroughs in which they resided, and to take farms for terms not
exceeding ten years, provided they received no homage or fealty from
Christians. The last concession was to hold good for only fifteen
years. At the same time their servile status was expressly reaffirmed,
a poll-tax of 3d. per annum laid upon them, and a new badge pre-
scribed to be worn by both sexes. Usury, however, proved more easy
to prohibit than to prevent. Interest might be veiled under expenses
1 For the ordinances see Appendices III. - Lib. Rub. de Scacc. (Rolls Ser.) iii. 976 ;
and IV. It will be observed that the terms Ryiner, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. 409, 489 ;
of that of 1271 are very sweeping ; but the Rot. Lit. Pat. 56 Hen. III. m. 6, 57 Hen.
Plea Rolls show that ' seisina ut de vadio,' III. m. 2, dorso ; Walsinghani, Gesta Abbat.
i.e. for the mere purpose of levying a debt, Monast. S. Alban. (Rolls Ser.) i. 400-6 ; De
continued to be granted to the Jews ' per Antiq. Leg. (Camden Soc.) App. 234 ; Re-
preceptum Regis.' cept. de Tall. Jud. 56 Hen. III.
INTRODUCTION XXX ix
of recovery, or a contract for the periodical delivery of so much mer-
chandise with a pecuniary penalty for every default, and the bond
being now enrolled in court instead of being registered, the debtor's
plight might easily be made worse than before.1
But if the statute failed to afford adequate protection to the debtor,
it went far to deprive the Jew of all lawful means of subsistence. It
was idle to expect him to take to agriculture. Fifteen years would
not suffice to change the character of a people. It was almost a
mockery to invite him to trade, for the mart was all but closed to him
by the gild merchant. Moreover the gild system was now being
applied to the crafts, so that the most he could hope for was to hold
his own in such crafts as were open to him.
It might therefore have been anticipated that the prohibition of
usury, so far as it might be effective, would compel the Jews to
resort in increasing numbers to other illicit occupations, and especially
to those operations on the currency in which they were already sus-
pected to be largely engaged.
Such, at any rate, was the result. The prohibition of usury was
followed by a progressive and ruinous mutilation of the coin of the
realm, which soon rendered strong measures imperatively necessary.
A general arrest of persons suspected of being engaged in the ne-
farious business was accordingly ordered.
The whole Jewry was held suspect and thrown into prison
(18 November 1278). The subsequent proceedings resulted in the
conviction of two hundred and ninety-three of the prisoners. Some
Jews were also executed about the same time on a charge of ritual
murder — the last, happily, to which we shall have occasion to advert.
The effect of these events was, of course, greatly to inflame the
popular anti-Semitism. Of that feeling the clergy, to their honour,
had hitherto manifested far less than the laity. Archbishop Boni-
face had, indeed, in 1261 laid an interdict on delinquent Jews —
i.e. on Jews who pleaded privilege to a citation by an ecclesiastical
court. In 1268, for an insult to the Cross by one of the zealots
' Statutes of the Realm, i. 221. Em- Rolls made for the purpose of the present
bedded in a fragment of a legal treatise pre- work leaves it doubtful when, or indeed
served in the British Museum (Addit. MS. whether, it ever came into operation. As,
32085, f. 122) is the draft of a statute de- however, the series does not reach beyond
signed to correct these abuses by a restora- the fourteenth year of Ed. I., the Statute
tion of the old system with certain modifica- may have been passed after that date, and
tions, of which the most important are the the fact that a new Archa was established
prohibition of more than three years' in London in 1287 renders it not impro-
interest, and the limitation of four years bable that some change in the law was
for action upon the debt. The draft then made or projected. Chron. Ed. I. and
is undated ; and the survey of the Plea Ed. II. (Rolls Ser.) i. 90.
xl REOORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
of the Oxford Jewry, that entire community had been unjustly
compelled to make reparation by the provision of two crucifixes — one
of silver, for use in processions, the other of marble, to be set up on a
site selected by the University. In 1272 a London synagogue had
been closed and given to the Friars Penitentiars. Beyond this the
Church had not as yet ventured to go. Now, however, the clergy
adopted a distinctly persecuting policy. The Dominicans sought and
obtained the aid of the law to coerce the Jews into attendance and
enforce their orderly behaviour at services specially designed for their
conversion (2 Jan. 1280) ; and in 1282 Archbishop Peckham secured
the closure of all the London synagogues save one. These methods
of persuasion proved as ineffectual as they were iniquitous, and in
1286 Pope Honorius IV. was fain to stimulate the flagging zeal of
the clergy by a hortatory bull.
Little now remains to tell ; and that little is very sorrowful. The
suspicion of coin-clipping and the secret practice of usury clove to the
Jewry like a Nessus shirt. On 2 May 1287 it was again arrested
en masse, and, though no convictions appear to have resulted, was
amerced in 12,000?. — an enormous ransom to be levied upon a
community which only a few years later did not number 18,000
souls. In 1288 Edward gave warning of what was to come by
expelling the Jews from Gascony. In the summer of 1290 he issued
a decree consigning the Jewry of England to perpetual banishment.
Parliament was then sitting, and the approval of the burgesses was
evinced by the alacrity and liberality with which they voted supply.
To their fifteenth the clergy added a tenth, and the pitiless tone in
which the chroniclers record these events affords a further evidence
of the general sense of the nation.1
The grounds upon which the King proceeded appear from the
following writ, commonly but erroneously termed the ' Statutum de
Judeis exiundis [sic] Ptegnum Anglie : ' —
Edwardus, etc. Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario salutem. Cum
dudum in Parliaruento nostro apud "Westrnonasterium in quindena S.
Michaelis anno regni nostri tercio, ad honorem Dei et populi regni nostri
utilitatem, ordinaverimus et statuerimus quod nullus Judeus ejusdem regni
extunc aliquid sub usura Christiano alicui mutuaret super terris, redditibus
seu rebus aliis, set per negotiationes et labores suos ducerent vitam suam ;
1 Cal. Close Rolls, Ed. I., 1272-9, pp. 220-1 ; Wilkins, Concilia, i. 751 ; Collec-
51G et seep; Chron.Ed. I. and Ed. II. (Rolls tanea, 2nd ser. (Oxford Hist. Soc), p. 286 ;
Ser.) i. 88; Capgrave (Rolls Ser.), p. 164; Regist. Epist. F. Joh. Peckham (Rolls Ser.),
Joh. de Oxenedes (Rolls Ser.), pp. 252-3 ; ii. 407 ; Raynald. Ann. Eccl. (1749) iv. 10;
Bart, de Cotton (Rolls Ser.), pp. 157-9 ; Flo- Rymer, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. 576 ; Tovey,
rent. Wigorn. (Eng. Hist. Soc.) ii. 210, pp. 200-18, 230-44.
INTRODUCTION xli
ao iidem Judei, postmodum maliciose inter se deliberantes, usure genus
indeterius quod curialitatem1 nuncuparunt inmutantes, populuni nostrum
predictum sub colore hujusmodi circumquaque depresserint, errore ultimo
priorem dupplicante ; per quod Nos ob scelera sua et honorem Crucifixi Judeos
illos tamquam perfidos exire fecimus regnum nostrum : Nos priori opcioni
nostre fieri nolentes inconformes, set potius earn imitantes, penas omni-
modas, et usuras, et quodlibet genus earundem que actionibus racione
Judaismi a Cbristianis aliquibus regni nostri exigi poterint de temporibus
quibuscumque, totaliter dissipamus et anullamus. Nolentes quod aliquid
a Christianis preclictis racione debitorum predictorum modo aliquo exigatur
preterquam debita principalia tantum que a Judeis predictis receperunt ;
quorum quidem debitorum quantitatem volumus quod Cbristiani predicti
per sacramentum trium proborum et legalium bominum, per quos rei Veritas
melius sciri poterit, verificent coram vobis, et eas extunc Nobis solvant
terminis competentibus eis per vos statuendis. Ei ideo vobis mandamus
quod gratiam nostram predictam sic pie factam in Scaccario predicto legi,
et in rotulis ejusdem Scaccarii irrotulari, et firmiter teneri faciatis, juxta
for mam superius annotatam. Teste Me ipso apud Kyngesclipstonam, v. die
Novembris anno regni nostri xviijmo.2
Edward, etc. To the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer greeting.
Whereas in our Parliament holden at Westminster on the quindene of St.
Michael in the third year of our reign, We, moved by solicitude for the
honour of God and the wellbeing of the people of our realm, did ordain and
decree that no Jew should thenceforth lend to any Christian at usury upon
security of lands, rents, or aught else, but that they should live by their own
commerce and labour ; and whereas the said Jews did thereafter wickedly
conspire and contrive a new species of usury more pernicious than the old,
which contrivance they have termed curialitas, and have made use of the
specious device to the abasement of our said people on every side, thereby
making their last offence twice as heinous as the first ; for which cause We,
in requital of their crimes and for the honour of the Crucified, have banished
them our realm as traitors : Now We, being minded in nowise to swerve
from our former intent, but rather to follow it, do hereby make totally null
and void all penalties and usuries, and whatsoever else in those kinds may
be claimed on account of the Jewry by actions at what time soever arising
against any subjects of our realm. Being minded that nothing may in any
wise be claimed from the said Christians on account of the said debts except
only the principal sums which they have received from the said Jews ; of
which debts We decree that the said Christians do verify the amount before
you by the oath of three true and lawful men, by whom the truth of the
matter may the better be known, and thereafter pay the amount to Us at
such convenient times as may be determined by you. And to that intent
1 See Glossary. tion of Close Roll 112, m 1, Memoranda
2 First edited in Law Mag. and Eev. Eoll, Q.E. 65 m. 4, and Addit. MS. 32085,
Aug. 1896, by Mr. G. I. Turner, after colla- f. 122.
xlii EECORDA IN SCACCAKIO JUDEORUM
We command you that you cause this our grace so benevolently granted to
be read, and to be enrolled in the said Exchequer, and strictly observed,
according to the form above indicated. Witness Myself at King's Clipstone,
5 Nov., in the 18th year of our reign.
From the wording of this self-denying ordinance it is probable that
the expulsion of the Jews had been meditated in 1275, and that the
fifteen years allowed by the Statute of Jewry for the acquisition of
farms was but a term of grace. In any case the measure was no
freak of passion, but an act of well-considered policy. It is evident
that Edward felt as a good Catholic on the question of usury, and that
as a statesman he did not regard people who could hardly live by any
other means as useful members of a community which he desired to
see prosper by agriculture, commerce, and the crafts.
A tradition lingers among the Jews to this day that the decree
was not carried out to the letter. But the executive in those days did
not lack vigour, and the expulsion of a community so small, so
separate from the rest of the population, and so well known to the
officers of the Crown that its apprehension en masse was a matter not
only feasible but easy and quite recently carried into effect, could have
presented no obstacle to wholesale deportation, and though a remnant
may have continued to lurk in the recesses of the country, it pro-
bably owed its security to its insignificance.
The exiles were provided with safe-conducts, and by special grace
were permitted to take with them their corporeal chattels ; the rest of
their property was confiscated. The exodus was to be complete by
All Saints' Day (1 November). Jews found thereafter in the country
were liable to capital punishment. The more wealthy of the London
Jews took ship in the Thames on 10 October, and perished off Queen-
borough by the treachery of the master, who by a ruse induced them
to land on a sandbank at low tide, and deserted them at the flood. It
is satisfactory to learn that he and his accomplices were convicted and
hanged.
The expatriation of a people, however small and however uncon-
genial to the majority of the community, after a sojourn of several
generations under the sanction of formal Acts of State, is out of
harmony with the liberal spirit of modern England. But we cannot,
without manifest incongruity, apply our standards to our forefathers
of the thirteenth century, and whatever may be thought of the policy
of the measure, it is impossible to deny that it was strictly constitu-
tional. The Jews were, as we have seen, nothing more in law than
the King's chattels, tenants at the royal will of all that they possessed ;
INTRODUCTION xliii
and the Charters under which they had lived, and for a time thriven,
were merely concessions made rather in his interest than theirs, and
revocable at any moment at his own entirely unfettered discretion.
The causes which made the Jews unpopular were economic rather than
religious, for Judaism is no heresy, and the propagation of the Faith,
as distinct from the suppression of heresy, by force was then, as now,
against the law of the Church ; so that had the Jews been able to find
an honourable place within the economic system, there is no reason
to suppose that they would ever have lost it. Feudal society could
not be expected to transform itself in their interest, and as they could
not disarm its hostility, their continued presence in the country could
but have served to perpetuate a social sore.1
The exiles owed to Edward's stern decree their deliverance from a
yoke of circumstance hardly less oppressive than the tyranny of the
Pharaohs. Other way of deliverance there was none. Centuries
must pass and the feudal give place to the industrial order before
Israel could hope to find in England a secure refuge from persecution
and an abiding heritage.
1 Matt. Westm. (Rolls Ser.) iii. 70; Lib. Hemingburgh (Eng. Hist. Soc), ii. 20-22 ;
Rub. Scacc. (Rolls Ser.) p. .1066 ; Bart. Coke, Second Inst., ed 1642, p. 508.
de Cotton (Rolls Ser.), p. 178 ; Walter de
xliv EECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEOEUM
APPENDICES.
I.
The following piece justificative is from Plac. Cur. Reg. 18 Hen. III.
m. 21. The record is much frayed at the edges, but the lacunar have
been supplied with tolerable certainty from the abridgment printed
in Prynne's ' Short Demurrer,' i. 19-21. The words thus introduced
are enclosed in brackets. Conjectural readings are indicated by the
note of interrogation. It has not been thought necessary to translate
the case. The heading is from the dorse.
KECORDUM LOQUELE DE JUDEIS NORWICI QUI SUNT IN
PRISONA APUD LONDONIAM.
Benedictus, fisicus, appellat Jacoburu de Norwico Judeum, quod, cum
Odardus, Alius suus, puer etatis v annorum, ivit ludendo [in via ville]
Norwici vigilia S. Egidii quatuor annis elapsis, venit idem Jacobus, Judeus,
et cepit eundem Odardum et eum portavit [usque] ad domum suam, et
circumcidit eum in membro suo, et voluit ipsum facere Judeum, et eum
retinuit per unum diem et [imam] noctem in domo sua, quousque per
clamorem vicinorum venit ad quandam domum, et ilium invenit in manibus
ipsius Jacobi, et sic ipsum puerum circumcisum rnonstravit officiali archi-
diaconi et coronatoribus ipso die ; qui presentes sunt et hoc die testantur ;
qui dicunt, quod viderunt predictum puerum circumcisum, et qui habuit
membrum suum grossum et valde inflatum, et ita aturnatum sicut predictum
est. Et quod hoc nequiter fecit et in felonia, et in despectu Crucifixi et
Christianitatis et [in] pace Domini Regis, et quod ipse non potuit habere
ipsum puerum nisi per forciam Christianorum, offert disracionare versus
eum sicut Curia consideraverit. Et postquam circumciderant eum vocavit
eum Jurnepin. Et puer visus est coram Justiciariis, et liquidum est quod
circumcisus erat.
Idem appellat de forcia et consilio Leonem, filium Margarete, Senioret,
filium Joscei, Deudone, Joppe, filium Th . . . , Eliam, filium Yivonis, Mosse,
filium Salomonis, Simonem Cok, filium Sarre, Sampsonem, filium Ursel,
Benedictum, filium Avegay, Mossy, filium Abraham, Isaac Parvum, Diaia Le
Cat ; qui omnes veniunt preter Deudone, Joppe, Benedictum, Mosse et
Isaac et hoc totum defendunt sicut Judei versus Christianum.
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX I. xlv
Postea predictus puer, qui tunc fuit etatis v annorum, et modo est etatis ix
annorum, requisitus quomodo circumciderunt eum, dicit, quod ceperunt eum
et adduxerunt eum usque ad domurn ipsius Jacobi, et unus illorum tenuit
eum et cooperuit oculos suos, et quidam alius circumcidit eum quodam
cultello ; et postea ceperunt peciam illam quam sciderant de membro suo,
et posuerunt in quodam bacyno cum sabellone, et quesierunt earn cum
parvis fusselletis,1 quousque quidam Judeus, qui vocabatur Jurnepin, invenit
earn primo. Et quia idem Jurnepin invenit earn primo, vocaverunt eum
Jurnepin.
Et officialis arcbidiaconi venit coram Justiciariis cum magna secta
sacerdotum, qui omnes dixerunt in Verbo Dei quod predictus puer ita
circumcisus fuit, sicut predictum est, et per predictos Judeos, et quod
viderunt predictum puerum recenter circumcisum, babentem membrum
suum grossum, et valde inflatum et sanguinolentum.
Et coronatores de Comitatu et coronatores de Civitate Norwici, et xxxvj
homines de villata de Norwico hoc die veniunt, et dicunt super sacramentum
suum precise, quod predictus puer ita circumcisus fuit, sicut predictum est,
et hoc sciunt pro certo quod, quando ita fuit circumcisus, idem puer evasit
de manibus Judeorum, et inventus fuit sedens [juxta] ripam Norwici per
quandam Matildem de Bernbam et filiam ejus, et que invenerunt eum
plorantem, et ululantem, et dicentem quod erat Judeus, ita quod eadem
Matildis cepit eundem puerum per amorem Dei, et duxit eum ad domum
suam, et hospitata est eum tota nocte usque in crastinum ; et cum Judei hoc
audiverunt, venerunt ad domum predicte Matildis, et voluerunt vi capere
eum, quia dixerunt ipsum esse Judeum suum, et vocaverunt eum Jurnepin,
audientibus predictis Matilde, et Alia sua, et pluribus aliis tunc presentibus ;
et cum non potuerunt habere eum, venerunt postea cum magna multitudine
Judeorum ad predictam domum, et magna vi voluerunt adducere eum secum ;
et cum hoc audiverunt vicini, scilicet circa meridiem (?), venerunt ad domum
illam, et bene audiverunt, quod predicti Judei vocaverunt predictum Judeum
puerum suum,2 et quod vocaverunt eum Jurnepin ; et quando Judei non
potuerunt habere eum propter Christianos, prohibuerunt eidem Matildi ne
[daret] ei carnem porcinam ad maHducandum, quia dixerunt ipsum esse
Judeum, ita quod per vim venerunt Cbristiani, et abstulerunt puerum pre-
dictum a manibus Judeorum.
Et predicta Matildis, in cujus domo puer inventus fuit, venit coram
Justiciariis, et cum ea filia ejus. Similiter jurate — 3 et hoc cognoscunt,
dicentes quod ita invenerunt predictum puerum plorantem sicut predictum
est, et quod per amorem Dei tenuerunt eum in domo sua, quia nescierunt
cujus films puer ille erat, et quia viderunt eundem puerum ita infirmum
quod estimabant eum cito mori, et quod Judei ita venerunt in crastinum
sicut predictum est, set nescierunt cujus Alius puer ille esset nisi per
quandam mulierem, que dixit eum esse filium Magistri Benedicti, fisici, et
ad mandatum predictarum mulierum venit predictus Benedictus, fisicus, et
1 See Glossary. ' predictum puerum Judeum suum.'
2 Sic : an evident transposition. Read, 3 Supply ' sunt.'
xlvi EECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
abscondit se in camera ipsius Matildig, ut audiret quid predicti Judei locuti
essent cum filio suo, et cum audiret quod vocaverunt eum filium suum, et
Jurnepin, et Judeum suum, statim exivit de camera contradicens eis et
quesivit a puero quomodo vocaretur : qui dixit propter timorem Judeorum,
quod vocabatur Jurnepin, et percepto patre suo gavisus dixit, quod fuit
Odardus, filius suus. Et ideo omnes Judei sunt in prisona apud Norwicum,
preter illos qui fuerunt apud Londoniam quando hec inquisicio facta fuit. Et
omnes juratores, requisiti qui interfuerunt ad circumcisionem illam, dicunt
quod omnes predicti Judei fuerunt consentientes facto illo preter Mossy,
filium Salomonis.
[Hec] autem omnia facta fuerunt in Curia Domini Regis apud Norwicum
coram Justiciariis, presentibus Priore Norwici, et Fratribus Predicatoribus,
et Fratribus Minoribus et pluribus aliis tarn clericis quam laicis.
Postea apud Cattesbill1 venit coram Justiciariis apud Catteshill Ricardus
de Fresingfeld, qui tunc temporis fuit Constabularius Norwici, et cognovit
coram iisdem Justiciariis, quod, cum ipse fuit ad Casfcrum Norwici, venerunt
Judei ad eum, et questi fuerunt, quod Christiani voluerunt auferre eis
Judeum suum ; et boc audito ivit ipse ad querelam eorum ad domum pre-
dicte Matildis, et invenit ibi congregacionem magnam Cbristianorum et
Judeorum ; et predicti Judei ostenderunt ei, quod Cbristiani voluerunt
auferre eis Judeum suum, et cum boc audivit predictus Benedictus, fisicus,
contradixit eis dicens, quod erat Odardus, filius suus ; et unde bene dixit,
quod vidit predictum Odardum, filium predicti Benedicti, babentem mem-
brum suum abscisum, sanguinolentum, et grossum inflatum, et bene dixit
quod Cbristiani ceperunt eundem Odardum, et eum abstulerunt a manibus
eorum.
Simon de Berstrefce et Nicbolaus Cliese, qui tunc fuerunt ballivi Norwici,
venerunt coram Justiciariis, et cognoverunt, quod ad querelam predictorum
Judeorum venerunt ad predictam domum ; et dixerunt, quod boc totum
viderunt de predicto facto (?), sicut predictum est.
[Postea] coram Domino Rege et Domino Cantuariensi et majori parte
Episcoporum, Comitum et Baronum Anglie, quia casus iste nunquam [prius]
accident in Curia Domini Regis, et preterea quia factum illud primo
tangit Deum et Sanctam Ecclesiam, eo quod circumcisio et baptismum sunt
pertinencia ad Fidem, et preterea non est ibi talis felonia, nee amissio
membri, nee mabemium, nee plaga [mortalis], vel alia felonia laica que
possit bominem dampnare sine mandato Sancte Ecclesie : consideratum est
quod factum (?) istud in primo tractetur in Sancta Ecclesia, et per ordi-
narium loci inquiratur rei Veritas, et mandetur Domino Regi ut . . . faciat
quod facere debet.
Postbac (?) venerunt omnes Judei in communi, et optulerunt Domino
Regi unam marcam auri per sic quod puer videatur coram ipsis (?) Judeis, si
circumcisus fueritvel non, et recipitur. Et visus est puer, et membrum ejus
visum est pelle coopertum ante in capite ; 2 et in tali statu liberatur patri
1 Or Cattesball, within the Liberty of Gage, Suffolk (Thingoe Hundred), p. xi.
St. Edmund. The proceedings probably - These words present some difficulty,
took place in the Abbot's Hall of Pleas. If they were intended to negative circum-
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX I.
xlvii
suo, ut eum [habeat] coram Judicibus Ecclesiasticis, et ipsi Judei remanent
in prisona.
The subsequent course of proceedings appears from the following
writs, dated respectively 18 Jan. and 21 Feb. 1240 : —
Rex Willelmo de Eboraco et sociis suis Justiciariis Itinerantibus in
Comitatu Norwici salutem : Sciatis quod Mosse Mock et Aaron Henn, et
quidam alii Judei nostri de Norwico, qui rettati sunt de circumcisione
cujusdam pueri de Norwico, finem fecerunt per xx 1. ut deducantur coram
vobis secundum Legem Judeorum, scilicet per Judeos et Christianos, et
ideo vobis mandamus quod ita fieri faciatis, et quod non ponantur in
defaltam in itinere vestro propter absentiam suam, quia ipsos hucusque
retinuimus penes Nos. Teste, etc.— Rot. Lit. Claus. 24 Hen. III. m. 17.
Rex Willelmo de Eboraco et sociis suis Justiciariis Itinerantibus in
Comitatu Norwici salutem : Ex tenore literarum vestrarum didicimus quod
circumventi fuimus per finem quern Judei de Norwico Nobiscum fecerunt,
quibus imponebatur, quod circumcidisse debuissent1 quendam puerum
Christianum apud Norwicum, ut ipsi deducerentur coram vobis secundum
Legem Judeorum, scilicet per Judeos et Christianos, et quod istud nego-
tium nulla racione debito modo coram vobis terminari poterit si Judei
Christianis adjungantur; et ideo vobis mandamus quod, non obstante fine
predicto quern predicti Judei Nobiscum fecerunt, celerem justiciam super
circumcisione prefata, prout melius videritis expedire, faciatis. Teste, etc.2 —
lb. m. 16.
cision, the ' ante ' would be redundant ;
and it is evident from the sequel that they
were not so understood. ' Ante ' would
therefore seem to be here used in the
sense of ' short of,' unless the view is
wrongly recorded.
1 A common idiom when it is intended
to insinuate a doubt.
2 Four prisoners, probably all that were
tried, were convicted and executed. Death
is a heavy penalty for mayhem ; but it
must be borne in mind that the deed was
believed to have been done in despectu
Crucifixi et Christianitatis, i.e. as pre-
liminary to a ritual murder. Rog. de
Wendover (Eolls Ser.), iii. 101 ; Matt. Paris,
Chron. Maj. (Eolls Ser.) iv. 30.
xlviii KECORDA IN SCAOCARIO JUDEORUM
II.
MANDATUM REGIS JUSTICIARIES AD CUSTODIAM JUDEORUM
ASSIGNATIS DE QUIBUSDAM STATUTIS PER JUDEOS IN
ANGLIA FIRMITER OBSERVANDIS. ANNO REGNI REGIS
HENRICI TRICESIMO SEPTIMO.
Rex providit et statuit, etc. :— Quod nullus Judeus maneat in Anglia
nisi servicium Regis faciat ; et quani cito aliquis Judeus natus fuerit, sive
sit masculus sive femina, serviat Nobis in aliquo. Et quod nulle scole
Judeorum1 sint in Anglia nisi in locis illis inquibus hujusinodi scole fuerunt
tempore Domini Johannis Regis, patris Regis. Et quod universi Judei in
synagogis suis celebrent submissa voce secundum ritum eorum, ita quod
Christiani hoc non audiant. Et quod quilibet Judeus respondeat rectori
ecclesie, in cujus parochia manent,2 de omnibus parochialibus ad domum
ipsius Judei spectantibus. Et quod nulla nutrix Christiana de cetero lactet
aut nutriat puerum alicujus Judei, nee aliquis Christianus vel Christiana
serviat alicui Judeo vel Judee, nee cum ipsis comedat, vel in domo sua
commoretur. Et quod nullus Judeus vel Judea comedat aut emat carnes in
Quadragesima. Et quod nullus Judeus detrahat Fidei Christiane, vel publice
disputet de eadem. Et quod nullus Judeus habeat secretam familiaritatem
cum aliqua Christiana, nee aliquis Christianus cum Judea. Et quod quilibet
Judeus ferat in pectore suo manifestam tabulam. Et quod nullus Judeus
ingrediatur aliquam ecclesiam vel aliquam capellam nisi transeundo, nee in
eis moretur in vituperium Christi. Et quod nullus Judeus impediat aliquo
modo alium Judeuni volentem ad Fidem Christi convertere. Et quod nullus
Judeus receptetur in aliqua villa sine speciali licentia Regis, nisi in villis
illis in quibus Judei manere consueverunt.
Et mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis, quod sic
fieri, et sub ineursione bonorum predictorum Judeorum firmiter teneri
faciant. Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium xxxj. die Jan. Per Regeni et
Consilium.3
III.
PROVISIONES DE JUDAISAIO LIBERATE AD SCACCARIUM PER
DOMINUM WALTERUM DE MERTONE. ANNO REGNI REGIS
HENRICI QUINQUAGESIMO TERTIO.
A la feste de Seynt Hillayre del Aan du regne le Rey Henry, fiz le Rey
Johan, cinkaunte tierz, purveu est par memes le Rey, et par le cunseyl Sire
Edward, sun fiz eyne, et de ses autres prodes hommes, a lamendement de la
1 See Glossary, ' Scola Judeorum.' - Sic : the construction being ad sensum.
< Hot. Lit. Claus. 37 Hen. III. m. 18 ; Kynier, Foedera, ed. Clarke, i. 293.
INTRODUCTION— APPENDICES U. III. xlix
II.
MANDATE OF THE KING TO THE JUSTICES ASSIGNED TO THE
CUSTODY OF THE JEWS TOUCHING CEETAIN STATUTES
RELATING TO THE JEWS IN ENGLAND WHICH ARE TO BE
RIGOROUSLY OBSERVED. THE THIRTY-SEVENTH YEAR
OF KING HENRY. A.D. 1253.
The King has provided and ordained etc. : That no Jew remain in
England unless he do the King service, and that from the hour of birth
every Jew, whether male or female, serve Us in some way. And that there
be no synagogues of the Jews in England save in those places in which such
synagogues were in the time of King John, the King's father. And that in
their synagogues the Jews, one and all, subdue their voices in performing
their ritual offices, that Christians may not hear them. And that all Jews
answer to the rector of the church of the parish in which they dwell touching
all dues parochial relating to their houses. And that no Christian nurse in
future suckle or nourish the male child of any Jew, nor any Christian man
or woman serve any Jew or Jewess, or eat with them or tarry in their
houses. And that no Jew or Jewess eat or buy meat in Lent. And that
no Jew disparage the Christian Faitb, or publicly dispute concerning the
same. And that no Jew have secret familiar intercourse with any Christian
woman, and no Christian man with a Jewess. And that every Jew wear his
badge conspicuously on his breast. And that no Jew enter any church or
chapel save for purpose of transit, or linger in them in dishonour of Christ.
And that no Jew place any hindrance in the way of another Jew desirous of
turning to the Christian Faith. And that no Jew be received in any town
but by special license of the King, save only in those towns in which Jews
have been wont to dwell.
And the Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews are commanded
that they cause these provisions to be carried into effect, and rigorously
observed on pain of forfeiture of the chattels of the said Jews. Witness the
King at Westminster, on the 31st day of January. By King and Council.
III.
PROVISIONS OF JEWRY DELIVERED AT THE EXCHEQUER BY
SIR WALTER DE MERTON. THE FIFTY-THIRD YEAR OF
THE REIGN OF KING HENRY. A.D. 1269.
At the feast of St. Hilary in the fifty-third year of the reign of Kino-
Henry, son of King John, it is provided by the King himself, with the advice
of the Lord Edward, his eldest son, and his other trusty lieges, for the better
1 EECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
tere, et relever le Crestiens des grevaunces que il unt eu par la Juerye de
Engletere : ke totes les dettes a Gyus ke suntfeez, et ke aparmemes sunt as
meyns des Gyus et ne sunt donez a Crestien ne vendu, issi ke avaunt ceo jur
seent confirm e par le Key ou a roule al Escheker, seent quites a Crestiens
ke les deyvent et a lur eyrs a tuz jurs, ensement o les arrerages ; et les
chartres, par la ou eles serrunt trovees, des avant dites dettes de feez, seent
renduz a Crestiens de ky les dettes sunt dues, ou a lur eyrs. Et si par
aventure akune chartre fust mise en Huche ou trove desoremes, nullu ne
tyene. Et ke nul Gyu de ceo jur en avant teu manere de dette de fee ne
ne preygne, ne ne face.
Et ensement ke nul Gyu tel fee a Crestien ne vende de cest jur en avaunt,
sur forfeture de vie et de chatel; ne Crestien ne lacliate, sur forfeture de sun
chatel et de sun heritage.
Et ensement est purveu par lavant dit Eey, et par le cunseil Sire Edward
et des avant diz prodes homines, ke nul Gyu desoremes ne puse vendre sa
dette, si il ne eyt primes le cunge le Key. Et si Crestien lachate par le
cunge le Rey, rien ne pusse plus aver ke le Rey ne avereyt si la dette eust en
sa meyn ; ceo est a saver, le chatel ke est trove en chartre, saunz usure.1
IV.
MANDATUM REGIS SUPER TERRIS ET FEODIS JUDEORUM IN
ANGLIA. ANNO REGNI REGIS HENRICI QUINQUAGESIMO
QUINTO.
Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Majori et Vicecomitibus suis Londonie, et
omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis, ad quos etc. salutem :-— Sciatis quod ad
honorem Dei et Universalis Ecclesie, ac emendacionem et utilitacionem terre
nostre, et relevacionem Christianorum de dampnis et gravaminibus, que sus-
tinuerunt occasione liberorum tenementorum, que Judei regni nostri clama-
bant habere in terris,tenementis, feodis,redditibus et aliis tenuris ; et ne Nobis,
seu communitati regni nostri, vel ipsi regno possit de cetero prejudicium
generari : Providimus de consilio prelatorum, magnatum et procerum, qui
sunt de consilio nostro, ac eciam ordinavimus et statuimus pro Nobis et
heredibus nostris, quod nullus Judeus liber um tenementum habeat in maneriis,
terris, tenementis, feodis, redditibus vel tenuris quibuscumque per cartam,
donum,feoffamentum, confirmacionem, seu quamcumque aliam obligacionem,
seu quocumque alio modo : ita tamen quod domos suas quas ipsimet inhabi-
1 Lib. Rub. de Scacc. (Rolls Ser.) p. 978.
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX IV. Jl
ordering of the land and the relief of the Christians from the burdens laid
upon them by the Jewry of England : that all debts to Jews which are fees,
and which are at present in the hands of the Jews and are not assign^ or
sold to Christians, provided that before this day they have been confirmed by
the King or enrolled at the Exchequer, be quit to the Christians by whom
they are owing, and to their heirs for ever, with their arrears ; and that
the charters of the fee-debts aforesaid, wherever they shall be found, be
returned to the Christians by whom the debts are owing, or to their heirs.
And if perchance any such charter be hereafter placed or found in Chest, let
it be held of none. And let no Jew from this day forth take or make any
such fee-debt.
And in like manner it is provided that no Jew from this day forth sell
any such fee to a Christian on pain of forfeiture of life and chattels, and
that no Christian purchase it, on pain of forfeiture of his chattels and his
inheritance.
And in like manner it is provided by the aforenamed King, by the advice
of the Lord Edward and the aforenamed trusty lieges, that no Jew hereafter
may sell his debt, unless he have first obtained license of the King. And if
a Christian purchase it by license of the King, let him have no more thereof
than the King would have if the debt were in his hand ; that is to say, the
chattel that is found in the charter, without interest.
IV.
MANDATE OF THE KING TOUCHING LANDS AND FEES OF
JEWS IN ENGLAND. THE FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR OF THE
REIGN OF KING HENRY. A.D. 1271.
The King to his dear lieges the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, and to all
his bailiffs and lieges, to whom etc. greeting :— Know that for the honour of
God and the Catholic Church, the better ordering and increased prosperity
of our land, and the relief of the Christians from the losses and burdens,
which they have sustained by reason of the freeholds which the Jews of our
realm claimed to have in lands, tenements, fees, rents and other tenures ;
and lest mischief should grow therefrom in future to Us, or the people of our
realm, or the realm itself : We have provided, by the advice of the prelates,
magnates and nobles, who are of our council, and We also have ordained and
decreed for Ourself and our heirs, that no Jew do have a freehold in manors,
lands, tenements, fees, rents or tenures of any kind whatsoever by charter,
grant, feoffment, confirmation, or any other kind of obligation, or in any other
manner : so nevertheless that they may continue to dwell in the houses in
lii RECORDA IN SCACCAIUO JUDEOHUM
tant in civitatibus, burgis seu aliis villis, inhabitent de cetero, et eas habcant
sicufc habere consueverunt temporibus retroactis ; et eciam alias domos suas
quas locandas habent, licite locare possint Judeis tantum, et noil Christianis.
Ita tamen quod non liceat Judeis nostris Londonie plures domos quam nunc
habent emeie, sive quocuinque alio modo perquirere, in Civitate nostra
Londonie, per quod ecclesie parochiales ejusdem Civitatis vel rectores earun-
dem jacturam incurrant. Poterunt tamen iidera Judei Londonie domos et
edificia sua antiqua prius diruta et destructa reparare, et in statum pristinum
redigere ad voluntatem suam. Providimus eciam et statuimus de eodem
consilio nostro, quod de domibus suis predictis inhabitandis vel locandis, ut
predictum est, nullus Judeus placitet vel placitare possit per brevia nostra
originalia de Cancellaria, set tantum modo coram Justiciariis nostris ad cus-
todiam Judeorum assignatis per brevia Judaismi consueta et hactenus
usitata. De terris autem et tenuris de quibus Judei ante presens Statutum
feoffati fuerunt, et quas nunc tenent, volumus quod hujusmodi infeodaciones
et dona penitus adnullentur, et terre et tenementa ilia Christianis, qui sibi
ea dimiserint, remaneant : ita tamen quod Christiani satisfaciant ipsis Judeis
de pecunia seu catallo contento in cartis et cirographis suis sine usura, quod
Judei pro hujusmodi dono vel infeodacione dederint Christianis : hac eciam
adjecta condicione, ut si Christiani illi incontinenti indc satisfacere non possint,
liceat Judeis predictis tenementa ilia aliis Christianis dimittere, donee inde
per racionabilem extentam secundum verum valorem eorundem catalla sua
sine usura levari possint, salvo tamen Christianis herbergagio suo : ita quod
Judeus pecuniam seu catallum suum per manus Christianorum, et non
Judeorum, inde recipiat, sicut predictum est. Et si contingat Judeum
aliquem feoffamentum amodo recipere a quovis Christiano de aliquo feodo
seu tenemento contra presens Statutum, Judeus ipse dictum tenementum
.seu feodum penitus amittat, et in manum nostram capiatur et salvo custo-
diatur, et Christiani illi vel eorum heredes terrain vel tenementum illud de
manu nostra rehabeant. Ita tamen quod totam pecuniam, quam ab ipsis Judeis
pro hujusmodi feoffamento receperint, Nobis tunc solvant ; vel si eorum facili-
tates ad hoc non sufficiant, tunc verum valorem tenementorum vel feodorum
illorum Nobis et heredibus nostris annuatim reddant ad Scaccarium nostrum,
per veram et racionabilem extentam eorundem, donee de hujusmodi pecunia
seu catallo Nobis plene fuerit satisfactum.
De nntricibus autem parvulorum, pistoribus, braciatoribus et cocis Ju-
deorum, quia Judei et Christiani in cultu fidei dispares sunt, providimus et
statuimus, quod nullus Christianus vel Christiana eis ministrare presumat
in ministeriis predictis.
Et quia Judei quosdam redditus de terris et tenementis Christianorum
tanquam perpetuos dudum recipere solent per manus Christianorum, qui
eciam feoda dicebantur, volumus et statuimus quod Statutum tunc inde
per Nos factum firmitatis robur optineat, nee ei per presens Statutum in
aliquo derogetur.
Et ideo vobis precipimus, firmiter injungentes, quod Provisionem, Ordina-
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX IV. liii
which they dwell in cities, boroughs or other towns, and have them as they
have been wont in time past ; and also that if they have other houses to let,
they may lawfully let them to Jews alone, and not to Christians. So never-
theless that it be not lawful for our Jews of London to buy, or in any other
manner acquire, more houses in our City of London than they now have,
whereby the parish churches of the said City or their rectors might incur
loss. Nevertheless the said Jews of London shall have power to repair their
ancient houses and buildings lately demolished and destroyed, and to restore
them to their former condition at their pleasure. We have also provided and
ordained, by the advice aforesaid, that touching the houses which they have,
whether to dwell in or to let, as aforesaid, no Jew implead or be able to implead
by original writs issuing from our Chancery, but only before our Justices as-
signed to the custody of the Jews by the writs of Jewry hitherto wont to be
used. Touching lands and tenures, however, of which Jews were enfeoffed
before the present Statute, and which they now hold, it is our pleasure that
such infeudations and grants be altogether annulled, and that those lands and
tenements remain to the Christians who demised them to the Jews : so never-
theless that the Christians discharge what is due to the Jews on account of
the money or chattels contained in their charters and chirographs, and given
to them by the Jews for such grant or feoffment, without interest : with this
further condition, that if the Christians be not able forthwith to discharge the
debt, it be lawful for the said Jews to demise the tenements to other Chris-
tians, until their chattels be raised by reasonable extent according to the
true value of the said tenements without interest, but so however that the
Christians be not disseised of their dwelling-houses : so that the Jew may
receive thence his money or chattel by the hands of Christians, and not of
Jews, as aforesaid. And if it so happen that in time to come a Jew receive
from a Christian feoffment of any fee or tenement against the present
Statute, let the Jew lose the said tenement or fee altogether, and let it be
taken into our hand and be kept safe, and let the Christians or their heirs
have the land or tenement again from our hand. So nevertheless that they
then pay Us the whole sum of money which they received from the Jews for
such feoffment ; or if their means do not suffice therefor, then pay to Us
and our heirs yearly at our Exchequer the true yearly value of those tene-
ments or fees by true and just extent thereof made, until full discharge be
made to Us of such money or chattel.
Touching persons in the employ of Jews as nurses of children, bakers,
brewers, and cooks, since Jews and Christians differ in faith, We have pro-
vided and decreed, that no Christian man or woman presume to serve them
in the said offices.
And whereas Jews have long been wont to receive by the hands of
Christians rents of lands and tenements of Christians as in perpetuity,
which rents were also called fees, it is our pleasure and decree that the
Statute of late made by Us touching the same have force of settled law, and
be in no degree impaired by this present Statute. Wherefore We com-
mand and rigorously enjoin you to cause the said Provision, Ordinance, and
liv RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
cionem, et Statutum predictum publice per totam ballivam vestram pro-
clamari, et firmiter teneri et observari faciatis.
In cujus etc.
Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium, xxv Julii.
Eodem modo mandatum est singulis Vicecomitibus per Angliara.1
V.
CEAPITLES TUCHAUNZ LA GYUERIE.
De Gyus fausurs e tundurs de monee e de lur rescetturs Id achatent le
argent en plates fundnz de retundure.
De Crestiens e Gyus chaungauns ensemble bone monee pur monee
restundu.
De chartres e lettres patentes ou taylles fetz a aunkuns 2 a Gyus hors de
Huche esteaunz, e de chartres retenuz par cyrographers hors de Huche utre
dis jurs.
De Gyus rescettaunz larcynes dras moystes de sane 3 ou ornemenz de
Seinte Esglise.
De Gyus usures apres le Statutz purveus, etc.
De mesons de Gyus e rentes venduz saunz conge nostre Seignur le
Rey, etc.
De deliverance de Gyus pris ou detenuz par viscontes pur trespas contre
la pees ou pur retundure, saunz comaundement nostre Seignur le Rey.
De viscontes et autres bailiffs prenaunz amerciemenz de Gyus utre la
summe de deus souz, etc.
De treseur trove de suz terre en mesons de Gyus, ou ayllurs, apres la
mort des Gyus.
De chateus des Gyus morz conceles, de queus le Rey ne eit la terce
par tie.
De Gyus morz, pur ki chateus e mesons nul fin ne fit de denz Ian, etc.
De Gyus eyaunz charnele cuple od femmes Crestiens, etc.
De turnes a la Fey Crestiene e apres turne a Lay de Gyu.
De Gyus utlages e rescettes en la Gyuerie, etc.
De Gyus eiaunz Crestiens eus deservaunz cuchaunz e levaunz od Gyus.
Ja ceo ke aprest usurer par Gyus de nostre reaume en tens de nos
auncestres Reys de Engletere soleit estre fet e suffre, e a ceus nos auncestres
kaunt a issue de nostre Gyuerie muntz de ceo profitz eient venuz, e Nos pur
amur de Deu amenes, e les traces de Seinte Esglise plus devotement aerdaunz,
eyums fetz defendre a tuz e chescuns Gyus de nostre reaume ki par teus
1 Eot. Lit. Pat. 55 Hen, III. m. 10 dorso ; tration law applied only to transactions in
Kymer, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. 489 ; cf. De which both Christians and Jews were con-
Antiq. Leg. (Camden Soc.) App. p. 234. cerned.
* Sic : but perhaps corrupt, as the regis- 3 See Glossary, ' Pannus sanguinolentus.'
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX V. lv
Statute to be published by proclamation throughout your bailiwick, and to
be rigorously kept and observed.
In witness &c.
Witness the King at Westminster, on the 25th day of July.
The same mandate is given to all the Sheriffs throughout England.
ARTICLES TOUCHING THE JEWRY.
Touching Jews who falsify and clip coin, and receivers who buy from
them silver in plates fused from the clippings.
Touching Christians and Jews who give and receive in exchange good
money for clipped money.
Touching charters, letters patent or tallies, which though made in favour
of Jews are outside the Chest, and charters kept outside the Chest by
chirographers for more than ten days.
Touching Jews who receive stolen cloth moist with blood or ornaments
of Holy Church.
Touching Jews practising usury since the Statutes made, etc.
Touching houses of Jews and rents sold by them without license of our
Lord the King, etc.
Touching discharge of Jews arrested or kept in prison by sheriffs for
trespass against the peace or for coin-clipping, without warrant of our Lord
the King.
Touching sheriffs and other bailiffs taking amercements from Jews above
the sum of 2s., etc.
Touching treasure trove underground in houses of Jews, or elsewhere,
after the death of Jews.
Touching chattels of Jews concealed after their death, of which the King
has not the third part.
Touching Jews for whose chattels and houses no fine has been made
within a year after their death, etc.
Touching Jews having carnal intercourse with Christian women, etc.
Touching converts to the Christian Faith who afterwards revert to the
Jewish Law.
Touching Jews outlawed and received in the Jewry, etc.
Touching Jews who have Christian servants couchant and levant with
them.
Whereas loans at usury by Jews of our realm were wont to be made and
allowed in the time of our ancestors, Kings of England, and our ancestors
had large profits thereby as issues of our Jewry, and We, led by the
love of God and more devoutly mindful of the way of Holy Church, did
ordain that all Jews whosoever of our realm that had viciously lived by
I VI RECOEDA IN SGACCARIO JUDEORUM
maners aprests visiosement eient vesquy, ke nul de eus de eel hure usures ou
prest usurer en aukune man ere mespreyngnent haunter, mes par autres bo-
soyngnes e marchaundises congees vivre a eus querent e lur sustenaunces eient,
nomement cum par favour de Seinte Esglise meyndre e vivre en Crestiens
seient suffre. Eus, nekedent, apres, par le malure espirist esvugles, ke par
seine pensee avom estable turnaunz en mal suz colur de marchaundises e de
boyngnes contracts e covenaunz, novelement e maueysement purpenseaunz
funt od Crestiens par obligacions e divers estrumenz ke vers les Gyus de-
murent, e en queus duble, treble ou quatrebbie plus mettent ke en enprest
bayllent a Crestiens de une meysme dette ou contract, le noun de usure utre
portaunz en peynes, de queus selement syut confusion e destruccion grant del
puple e au dereyn deseriteson de plusurs. Nus pur ceo de teus manere Gyus
les malices en teu manere troves e peyne issi trove ausi e usure oster
voyllaunz, sur les douns e contracts entre Crestiens e Gyus a feres en teu
manere ordinoums ; ceo est a saver, ke Gyus pur aprest de vint souz des
oremes ne resceyvent par an de Crestiens en noun de purvenue for demy
marc ou viij. souz e viij. deners, e pur karante souz un marc ou diseset souz
e quatre deners, e de plus, plus, e de meins, meins, pur ferm de contract e
dette. E cest aprest seit fet par escript entre les parties contreyaunz par
meyns de aukun clerc a ceo especiaument assigne e jure, fet endente, dount
le une partie en la quele la cire pent seit mys en la Huche de Cyrographes, e
la meyte remeyne au Gyu, e la terce partie au Crestien, dount le tenur del
bref erfc tel : Sacent tuz ke Jeo tel del a teu Gyu taunt a rendre a teu jur, e
si Jeo ne face Jeo grant ke de mes biens e chateus e de les issues de mes
terres en ki meyns ke il devyenent seient fet e leves, e a ceo Jeo oblige mei e
mes heirs : en tesmonage de queu chose, etc. Done, etc. Le quel escrit seit
mys en la Huche de Cyrographes de suz les clefs de treis leans cyrographers
Crestiens e deus Gyus a ceo especiaument jures. E ceo kevient, cum dit
est, de Gyus a resceyvre utre le espace de treis aunz del tens del avaunt dit
contract ne dura, ne ne purra le Gyu apres les treis aunz avaunt ditz au-
kune chose demaunde ou chalenger de Crestien, for sulement le sort del aprest
e ceo ke vient de ceo ki en le meyn tens, ceo est par les avaunt ditz treis
aunz ly tuchaunz, seient dues par la reyson de aprest ou contract avaunt
conge ; nekedent eit le Gyu apres les treis aunz avaunt ditz sa dette ensem-
blement od tut ceo ke vient de ceo del tens passe demaunder e par dreit
recoverer au pleyn ; ceo adjuste : ke si Crestien le avaunt dit dette rendre ne
pusse, ou par aventure ne voille, de denz les treis aunz avaunt ditz, mes unkore
rendre purloyngne par Ian procheyn siuvaunt, dunt cure la dette, ensemble-
ment od son amount juste la forme e condicion del premer contract par eel
an, e ne nyent plus. E si il aveyne Gyu ou Gyuesse contre la forme e estatut
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX V. Ivil
such loans should from that hour no more mischievously have recourse to
usury or usurious loans of any kind whatever, but should by other business
and licensed trading seek their living and have their sustenance, especially
since by favour of Holy Church they are suffered to abide and live with
Christians ; but they, nevertheless, did afterwards, blinded by the malice of
their hearts, convert to an evil purpose that which We had enacted with
sound intent, and by a new and wicked device, under colour of trading and
good contracts and covenants, have dealings with Christians by bonds and
divers instruments which remain in the hands of the Jews, and in which
they stipulate for twice, thrice, or four times as much as they part with to
Christians in one and the same transaction of debt or contract, avoiding the
use of the term ' usury ' by means of penalties, whence only confusion, and
the ruin of a great part of the people, and the ultimate disherison of many
can ensue. We therefore, to the intent to oust the wicked practices of such
Jews thus discovered, and their pains and usuries likewise discovered, do
now, touching grants and contracts henceforth to be made between Chris-
tians and Jews, ordain on this wise : that is to say, that in future Jews
receive from Christians for a loan of 20s. no more than h mark, or 8s. 8d. a
year, and for 40s. 1 mark or 17s. 4d., and for more, more, and for less, less,
as ' purvenue ' by way of rent of contract and debt ; and that the loan be
made by writing between the contracting parties by the hand of a clerk
specially assigned and sworn for the purpose, and be indented, the part from
which the seal is pendent to be placed in the Chirograph-Chest, the middle
part to remain with the Jew, and the third part with the Christian, and the
tenor in brief to be as follows : — Know all that I, so and so, owe such cr
such a Jew so much, payable on such and such a day. And if I shall make
default, I grant that the amount be made and levied from my goods and
chattels, and from the issues of my lands, in whose hands soever they may
be. And thereto I bind myself and my heirs. In witness whereof, &c.
Given, &c. Which writing is to be placed in the Chirograph-Chest under the
keys of three lawful Christian chirographers and two Jews specially sworn
for the purpose. And that which is to be received, as aforesaid, by the Jew
shall be only for the space of three years from the date of the said con-
tract, nor shall the Jew after the said three years be able to demand or
claim aught from a Christian, except only the principal debt and what arises
from what may be due in the meantime, i.e. during the said three years
of the debt's duration, on account of the loan or contract before authorised ;
so nevertheless that the Jew may after the three years aforesaid demand his
debt with all that arises therefrom in the time past, and recover it in full
by law ; provided that if the Christian be unable, or perchance unwilling,
to pay the said debt within the three years aforesaid, then the Jew may also
extend the time of payment of the debt with its exact amount, according to
the form and condition of the former contract, for the space of a year
next following the period for which the debt runs, and no more.1 And
1 The clause is clumsily worded, but apparently the debt is to be enforced on the
expiration of the fourth year at the latest.
lviii BECORDA IN SCACCARIO .TUDEORUM
a vaunt dit prest fere a aukun ou encontre cest nostre Estatut convenir, ke il
seit a la volunte nostre Seignur de vie e membres, e de tuz lur biens e
cbateus.
Purveu est sur ceo, ke nul escrit de aprest ou de aukun contract desoremes
seit fet entre aunkun Crestien e Gyu, for sur noun de un Crestien e un Gyu ;
issi ke nul Gyu nule rien demaunder ou chalenger pusse de eel contract, for
eel Gyu od ki est fet le contract e nome seit en lescrist avaunt dit, e ke eel
Crestien ke contreit a aunkun de cele dette respoyngne for solement a eel
Gyu ke est nome en lescrist, ou a son heir.
Ausi desoremes conge neit nul Gyu de doner ou vendre sa dette a Crestien
ou Gyu for de especial conge le Rey.
Ausi nul Gyu ne bailie pecunye a nul autre Gyu en aprest de bailler a
divers Crestiens, dunt nostre Seignur le Rey le meyns pusse estre certifie de
lur chateus ; e si il le funt, de eel houre les biens e chateus des Gyus issi
baillaunz seient forfet au Rey de tutentut, e lur cors nekedent a sa volunte.
Ausi, pur ceo ke nostre Seygnur en tens passe gref dampmage ad eu kaunt
a la terce partie des biens des Gyus mors recoverer e kaunt a tayllage sur
eus asser ; pur ceo ausi ke Crestiens sovent unt perdu lur gages par encheison
de aprest entre eus e Gyus privement contracts ; purveu est, ke nul Gyu ne
Gyuesse desoremes apreste a Crestiens sus nul gage utre la summe de vint
souz, fors en presense de un cyrographer e clerc jure e a ceo especiaument
assigne e jure, issi ke les gages e prest avaunt dit de un clerc par vewe e
temonage de un cyrographer destinctement e apertement seient enroule, e ke
eel roule remeyne en la garde de un suz le seal del autre, e ke eel aprest issi sur
gage bailie a semblable privenement,1 e peyne cum est avaunt dit seit estendu.
Seit ausi purveu especiaument e destinctement, ke cyrographers e clers
jures a enrouler les gages e aprests avaunt ditz ne se rendent durs a lur
office a eus en ceste partie enjuynt, kaunt e de kicunkes sur ceo seient requis
a perempler ; e ke les cyrographers Crestiens al entre del escrit nyent ne
preyngnent, mes al hors treyre meymes ces cyrographers Crestiens preyn-
gnent treys deners ; mes les cyrographers Gyus nyent ne preyngnent ne al
entree, e al hors treyre ; e ke les clers pur le escripture de les treis avaunt
dit parties del escrist preyngnent deus deners.
Ausi, pur ceo ke Gyus gages a eus privement e saunz tesmonage de
Crestiens bailie maueysement concelee, e les aver resceu denyent, e kaunt
Gyus sur ceo en la Cure le Rey seient enpleyde, eus de custume dekes en
ca usee par lur pvopre serment tuz sey de lavant dite resceyte delyverent, e
quites departent, par quei les Crestiens gref dammage e perte unt eu ; purveu
est, ke si pleynte ou play en cest cas entre Crestiens e Gyus avyene estre
meeue, cest a saver, de aprest fet devaunt cest Estatut, e ausi desoremes de
meyndre summe ke de vint souz, le Gyu ne serra pas creu par son propre
1 Sic : but the text is evidently corrupt. Perhaps we should supply ' forfet seit.
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX V. llX
should it so happen that Jew or Jewess make loan or contract with any
against the statutory form aforesaid or against this our Statute, let him oi-
lier be at the mercy of our Lord the King touching life and limb, and all
his or her goods and chattels.
It is further provided, that no writing of loan or contract be in future
made between Christian and Jew save in the names of one Christian and
one Jew ; so that no Jew may be able to demand or claim aught upon that
contract, except that Jew with whom the contract is made and whose name
is in the writing aforesaid, and that the Christian who contracts with any
for that debt answer only to that Jew whose name is in the writing, or to his
heir.
Also for the future no Jew is allowed to grant or sell his debt to Christian
or Jew without special license of the King.
Also let no Jew lend money to any other Jew to lend to Christians, unless
it so be that our Lord the King may be certified of their chattels ; and should
they so do, from that hour let the goods and chattels of such Jews so
lending be wholly forfeit to the King, and their bodies none the less be at
his mercy.
Also, whereas our Lord has in time past had grievous loss in respect of the
recovery of the third part of the goods of deceased Jews and the assessment
of talliage upon them ; whereas also Christians have often lost their gages by
reason of contracts of loan privily made between them and Jews ; it is pro-
vided, that no Jew or Jewess for the future lend to Christians on any gage
more than the sum of 20s., except in presence of a chirographer and a clerk
specially assigned and sworn for the purpose, so that the gages and loan
aforesaid may be plainly and openly enrolled by a clerk in the view and with
the attestation of a chirographer. And let that roll remain in the keeping
of the one under the seal of the other. And let the loan made on gage after
such secret manner be forfeit, and the penalty have the same extent as
aforesaid.
Be it also specially and plainly provided, that the chirographers and
their clerks sworn to enrol the gages and loans aforesaid do not deal
harshly in discharge of the duties laid upon them in this regard, when and
by whomsoever they be required to perform them ; and that the Christian
chirographers take nothing for entering the writing, but take 3d. on its
withdrawal ; the Jewish chirographers, however, are to take nothing either
on the entry or the withdrawal ; and let the clerks take 2d. for penning the
three parts aforesaid of the writing.
Also, whereas Jews wickedly conceal and deny that they have received
gages delivered to them privily, no Christian witness being present, and when
they are impleaded thereof in the King's Court they, by virtue of the custom
hitherto observed, do all purge themselves by their own oath of the said
receipt, and depart quit, whereby the Christians have had grievous damage
and loss ; therefore it is provided, that if there should be plaint or plea in
process between Christians and Jews in such a case, to wit, touching a loan
made before this Statute, and also in future touching a sum less than 20s., the
lx RECORDA IN SCACCARIO JUDEORUM
serment ; rues seit enquis la verite sur ceo par Crestiens e Gyus, fors si le
Crestien pusse pruver leauinent par Crestiens e par Gyus le bail de son gage,
kar donkes estera lern a sa pruve.
Ansi, pur ceo ke en enquestes ke sunt fet ou ke deyvent estre fet par
Crestiens e par Gyus sur plays e pleyntes tuchaunz dette e trespas en la
Gyuerie dedusts, custume est dekes en ca taunz de Gyus ke de Crestiens o
sur owel numbre resceyvre, ke a peyne acorderunt ensemble, par quei dreyture
sovent est restardu e dampmages a parties viengnent de ceo ; purveu est, ke
kaunt teu descord e nee entre Crestiens e Gyus mys en cele enqueste, seit
justisee e rectefie la bosoyngne par plusurs Crestiens de leaute seit par deserte
a crere, e au3i, si mester seit, par plusurs Gyus, solorn discrecion e ordinaunce
des Justices, e ke len estera al dit de plusurs ou de la greyndre partie de eus.
Estre ceo, pur ceo ke les Hucbes de Cyrograpbes par cornaundement nostre
Seygnur le Eey lungernent unt este closes e enselees, par quey Crestiens lur
chartres ke il acquiterent onkore aver ne purrunt, purveu est, ke cestes
Hucbes par cyrograpbers seient translatez dekes a Londres a certeyn jur et
lyu, e ilukes seient overes e cerches, e les dettes en ceus trovees seient
purgees, e les chartres ke sunt aquitees seient lyveres a Crestiens, o quite-
ment darnpnes, e les autres chartres ke en meyrnes les Huches sunt, seient
mys en une huche par eus ou nostre seignur le Eey e son conseyl or-
dinerunt.
Ore est a parler de escrists obligatories ke ore rcmeyngnent vers les Gyus
en lur gardes.
Explicit.1
1 Addit. MS. 32085, ft'. 120-1.
INTRODUCTION— APPENDIX V. lxi
Jew shall not be believed on his own oath ; but let inquest be had of the
truth of the matter by Christians and Jews, unless the Christian be able
lawfully by Christians and Jews to prove the delivery of his gage, for then it
shall rest on his proof.
Also, whereas in inquests made or to be made by Christians and Jews of
pleas and plaints brought touching debt and trespass laid in the Jewry, the
custom has hitherto been to admit as jurors as well Christians as Jews and
in equal numbers, who are hardly able to agree, whereby justice is often
delayed and damage thence results to the parties ; it is provided, that when
there is such discord arisen between Christians and Jews placed on the
inquest, the matter be tried and adjudged by several lawful Christians of
known credit, and also, if need be, by several Jews, according to the discre-
tion and direction of the Justices. And let it rest on the verdict of
several or the more part of them.
And moreover, whereas the Chirograph-Chests have long been closed and
sealed by command of our Lord the King,1 whereby Christians cannot yet
have their charters of which they have had acquittance, it is provided, that
these Chests be brought by the chirographers to London on a day and to a
place certain, and be there opened and searched, and that the debts therein
found be cleared, and the charters which are acquit be delivered to the
Christians quit and cancelled, and the other charters which are in the same
Chests be placed in a chest by themselves where our Lord the King and his
Council shall ordain.
It now remains to speak of writings obligatory that remain with the Jews
in their custody.
Finis.
1 A royal mandate for a general closure reopen the London Archa on 28 Feb. 1286.
of the Archae until further order was issued Cal. Patent Rolls (Rolls Ser.) 1281-92, p.
on 28 Jan. 1284 : Rot. Lit. Claus. 12 Ed. I. 227. Cf. Commun. Trin. 14 Ed. I. (T. R.)
m. 8. Commissioners were appointed to m. 13, dorso.
iRSi-rv
NOTE.
The charters of King John which precede the transcripts from the Exchequer
Rolls are printed in Rot. Chart. (Eec. Cormn.) p. 93.
The archives of the Exchequer of the Jews at the Record Office comprise three
collections: (1) Rolls of the Exchequer of Receipt, Joh. — Ed. I.; (2) a hetero-
geneous assortment of documents, indexed as Accounts, &c. (Exchequer, Q.R.)
Bundles 249-50, including memoranda relating to the Domus Conversorum ; (3)
Plea Rolls. The two former sources have furnished matter for the Introduction ; the
selections which follow are taken exclusively from Plea Rolls. The records are sparse
during the reign of Henry III., being distributed as follows : 3 & 4 Hen. III., one roll,
printed in Documents illustrative of English History in the Thirteenth and Four-
teenth Centuries (Rec. Comm.), 1844 ; 28-29 Hen. III., three rolls ; 37 Hen. III.,
two rolls ; 50 52 Hen. III., four rolls ; 54 Hen. III., one roll ; 56 Hen. III., one roll.
Some of these rolls are in a very indifferent condition. The rolls of Edward I.'s
reign, on the other hand, form a series with comparatively few breaks from the first
to the fourteenth year inclusive, and are on the whole in excellent preservation.
Their full tale is thirty-eight rolls, making, with the twelve rolls of Henry III.'s reign,
fifty rolls in all. This reckoning includes three rolls which have not hitherto been
classed as rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews, but really are so ; to wit, Curia Regis
Roll 183 (Hil. 52 Hen. III.), De Banco Roll 40 (Easter, 9 Ed. I.), and Assize Roll
738 (Mich. 10-11 Ed. I.). The old numbering of the rolls has, however, been
retained in the marginal references. A moderately full roll will contain from eight
to ten membranes, covered on both sides with an extremely abbreviated script.
One of the gaps in the Edwardian series is supplied by the very fine Addit. Roll
7218 (Hil. 5 Ed. I.) at the British Museum ; and a single membrane in the same
collection, Addit. Roll 19299, contains a few pleas of Easter Term, 55 Hen. III.
In the transcript, clerical and the grosser sort of grammatical errors have for
the most part been silently corrected, rubrics have been sometimes curtailed,
sometimes amplified, dates and terms of account abbreviated, figures occasionally
substituted for words, and vice versa ; but otherwise no material alteration has
been wittingly made in the text, except the explication of the contractions, which
has been forborne wherever attended by reasonable doubt. Obliterata are indicated
by dots, and suppressed terminations by raised commas.
The Latinity of the scribes is throughout exceptionally bad, and sometimes such
as to defy emendation.
SCACCAEIUM JUDEOEUM
EXCHEQUEE OF THE JEWS
SCACCAKIUM JUDEORUM
CAETE L1BEETATUM CONCESSAEUM ET CONFIEMATAEUM
JUDEIS ANGLIE ANNO EEGNI EEGIS JOHANNIS
SECUNDO.
Johannes, Dei gratia etc. Sciatis Nos concessisse omnibus Judeis
Anglie et Normannie libere et honorifice habere residenciam in terra
nostra, et omnia ilia de Nobis tenenda que tenuerunt deEege Henrico,
avo patris nostri, et omnia ilia que modo racionabiliter tenent in terris
et feodis et vadiis et akatis suis, et quod habeant omnes libertates et
consuetudines suas, sicut eas habuerunt tempore predicti Eegis Hen-
rici, avi patris nostri, melius et quiecius et honorabilius.
Rot. cart. 4, j^ s[ querela orta fuerit inter Christianum et Judeum, ille qui
alium appellaverit ad querelam suam diracionandam habeat testes,
scilicet, legittimum Christianum et legittimum Judeum. Et si Judeus
de querela sua breve habuerit, breve suum erit ei testis; et si Christianus
habuerit querelam ad versus Judeum, sit judicata per pares Judei.
Et cum Judeus obierit, non detineatur corpus suum super terrain,
set habeat heres suus pecuniam suam et debita sua ; ita quod inde
non disturbetur si habuerit heredem, qui pro ipso respondeat et
rectum faciat de debitis suis et de forisfacto suo.
Et liceat Judeis omnia que eis apportata fuerint sine occasione
accipere et emere, exceptis illis que de Ecclesia sunt et panno
sanguinolento.
Et si Judeus ab aliquo appellatus fuerit sine teste, de illo appellatu
erit quietus solo sacramento suo super Librum suum. Et de appellatu
illarum rerum que ad Coronam nostram pertinent similiter quietus
erit solo sacramento suo super Eotulum suum.
Et si inter Christianum et Judeum fuerit dissensio de accommoda-
tione alicujus pecunie, Judeus probabit catallum suum et Christianus
lucrum.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1201
CHAETEBS OF LIBEETIES GEANTED AND CONFIEMED
TO THE JEWS OF ENGLAND IN THE SECOND YEAE
OF THE EEIGN OF KING JOHN. [a.d. 1201.]
John, by the grace of God etc. Know that We have granted to
all Jews of England and Normandy that they reside in freedom
and honour in our land, and hold of Us all that they held of King
Henry, our father's grandfather, and all that they now rightfully hold
in lands, fees, gages and purchases, and that they have all their fran-
chises and customs, as they had them in the time of the said King
Henry, our father's grandfather, in better and more peaceful and
honourable enjoyment.
And as often as cause of action shall have arisen between Christian
and Jew, let him who shall have appealed the other for the deraign-
ment of his cause have witnesses, to wit, a lawful Christian and a lawful
Jew. And if the Jew shall have a writ touching his cause, his writ
shall be to him for witness ; and if a Christian shall have cause of
action against a Jew, let it be tried by the Jew's peers.
And when a Jew be dead, let not his body be detained above
ground, but let his heir have his money and his debts ; so that
thereof he may have peace if he have an heir to answer for him and
to do right touching his debts and his forfeiture.1
And be it lawful for Jews without let to receive and buy all
things brought to them, except those which pertain to the Church and
blood-stained cloth.
And if a Jew be appealed by any without witness, he shall be quit
of that appeal by his bare oath upon his Book. And in like manner
he shall be quit of an appeal touching those things that pertain unto
our Crown by his bare oath upon his Eoll.
And as often as there shall be dispute between Christian and Jew
touching a loan of money, the Jew shall prove his principal and the
Christian the interest.
1 This shows that it had been the custom way of security for the discharge of the
to attach the bodies of deceased Jews by claims of the Crown upon their estates.
b 2
A SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Et liceat Judeo quiete vendere vadium suum postquam certuni
erit euni illud unum annum integrum et unum diem tenuisse.
Et Judei non intrabunt in placitum nisi coram Nobis, vel coram
illis qui turres nostras custodierint, in quorum ballivis Judei manse-
rint.
Et ubicunque Judei fuerint, liceat eis ire quocunque voluerint cum
omnibus catallis eorum, sicut res nostre proprie, et nulli liceat eos
retinere neque hoc eis probibere.
Et precipimus, quod ipsi quieti sint per totam Angliam et Nor-
manniam de omnibus consuetudinibus et theloneis et modiatione vini,
sicat nostrum proprium catallum. Et mandamus vobis et preci-
pimus, quod eos custodiatis et defendatis et manuteneatis.
Et prohibemus, ne quis contra Cartam istam de biis supradictis
eos in placitum ponat super forisfacturam nostram, sicut Carta
Regis Henrici,1 patris nostri, racionabiliter testatur. Testibus : Gaufrido
filio Petri, Comite Essexe ; Willelnio Marescallo, Comite de Penbroc ;
Henrico de Bohum, Comite de Herefordia ; Roberto de Turnham,
Willelmo Briwerr', etc. Data per manum Simonis, Wellensis Arclii-
diaconi, apud Merleberge, decimo die ApriJis anno regni nostri
secundo.
Johannes, Dei gratia etc. Sciatis Nos concessisse et presenti Carta
nostra confirmasse Judeis nostris in Anglia ut excessus qui inter eos
emerserint, exceptis hiis qui ad Coronam et Justiciam nostram
pertinent, ut de morte homiuis et mahemio, et de assaltu premeditato,
et de fractura domus, et de raptu, et de latrocinio, et de combustione,
et de thesauro, inter eos deducantur secundum Legem suarn et
emendentur, et justiciam suam inter se hide faciant. Concedimus
etiam eis quod, si quis eorum alium appellaverit de querela que ad eos
pertineat, Nos neminem compellemus ad testimonium cuique eorum
contra alium exhibendum ; set si appellator racionabilem et idoneum
testem habere poterit, eum secum adducat. Siquidem vero opus
scelerosum et apertum inter eos emerserit, quod ad Coronam vel
Justiciam nostram pertineat, sicut de predictis Placitis Corone, licet
nullus eorum inde appellator fuerit, Nos ipsam querelam faciemus
per legales Judeos nostros Anglie inquiri, sicut Carta Regis Henrici,
patris nostri, racionabiliter testatur. Testibus : Gaufrido filio Petri,
Comite Essexe; Willelmo Marescallo, Comite de Penbroc; Henrico de
Bohum, Comite de Herefordia; Petro de Pratellis; Roberto de Turn-
ham ; Willelmo de Warrenn' ; Hugone de NevnT ; Roberto de Veteri
1 The charter of Richard I., for which see Rymer, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. 51, is
doubtless intentionally ignored.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1201 2
And be it lawful for the Jew quietly to sell his gage when it shall
be certain that he has held it for a full year and a clay.
And Jews shall not enter into plea save before Us, or before those
who have ward of our castles, in whose bailiwicks Jews dwell.
And wherever Jews be, be it lawful for them to go wheresoever
they will with all their chattels, as our proper goods, and be it unlawful
for any to delay or forbid them.
And We ordain, that throughout the whole of England and
Normandy they be quit of all customs and tolls and prisage of wine,
as our proper chattel. And We command you and ordain, that you
have them in ward and guard and countenance.
And We forbid any to implead them of the said matters against
this Charter, on pain of forfeiture, as the Charter of our father,
King Henry, rightfully witnesses. Witness : Geoffrey FitzPeter, Earl
of Essex ; William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke ; Henry de Bohun,
Earl of Hereford ; Robert de Turnham ; William Briwere, etc. Given
by the hand of Simon, Archdeacon of Wells, at Marlborough, on the
tenth day of April in the second year of our reign.
John, by the grace of God etc. Know that We have granted and
by our present Charter confirmed to our Jews in England that the
breaches of right that shall occur among them, except such as
pertain to our Crown and Justice, as touching homicide, mayhem,
deliberate assault, housebreaking, rape, larceny, arson, and treasure
[trove], be examined and amended among themselves according to
their Law, that so they may administer their own justice among
themselves. We also grant to them that, as often as any of them
shall have appealed another touching a cause of action which pertains
to them, We will compel none to give evidence in favour of one
against another ; but if the appellor shall have a lawful and fit witness,
let him bring such witness with him. But if there shall have occurred
among them some matter of a heinous character and notorious, per-
taining to our Crown or Justice, as one of the said Pleas of the Crown,
though appellor thereof there be none among them, We will make
inquest to be had touching that cause by our lawful Jews of England,
as the Charter of our father, King Henry, rightfully witnesses.
Witness : Geoffrey FitzPeter, Earl of Essex ; William Marshall, Earl
of Pembroke ; Henry de Bohun, Earl of Hereford ; Peter de Preaux ;
Robert de Turnham ; William de Warrenne ; Hugh de Neville Rober
SCACCAHIUM JUDEORUM
Nort
Ponte. Data per manum Simonis, Wellensis Archidiaconi, apud
Merleberge, decimo die Aprilis, anno regni nostri secundo.
SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM.
PLACITA ANNO REGNI REGIS HENRICI FILII REGIS
JOHANNIS QUARTO.
Isaac de Norwico, Judeus, exigit a Gilberto, filio Walteri de Torp',
quoddam debitum xiiij L, cum lucro, per cirographum sub nomine
Walteri predicti. Dictus Gilbertus venit et dicit, quod injuste exigitur
ab eo debitum illud, quia, quando omnia debita Judeoruru fuerunt in
manu Domini Regis post capcionem Bristoll', districtus fuit pro debito
illo ; qui venit et dixit, quod injuste distringebatur pro predicto debito,
quia Walterus, pater suus, nunquam debitum illud mutuo accepit, et
posuit se super inquisicionem patrie, utrum dictus Walterus, pater suus,
debitum illud mutuavit, necne ; inquisicio venit et dixit, quod debitum
illud a dicto Waltero non fuit mutuatum, set ab alio Waltero de Torp',
ut dicit, et adhuc ponit se inde super inquisicionem patrie. Dictus
Isaac venit et exigit debitum illud sicut illud quod commodavit dicto
Waltero, patri predicti Gilberti, per cirographum. Item dicit quod
post capcionem Judeorum Bristoll', quando debita Judeorum fuerunt
in manu Domini Regis, dubitabant Justiciarii tunc temporis existentes
utrum a predicto Waltero, patre predicti Gilberti, debitum illud
debebatur, vel ab alio Waltero, unde facta est mencio : miserunt ad
ipsum Isaac, qui tunc imprisonebatur ' apud Turrim Londonie, ut per
ipsum scirent, utrum debitum illud debebatur a Waltero, patre
predicti Gilberti, vel ab alio Waltero. Qui dixit quod ipse accommo-
davit dicto Waltero, patri Gilberti, debitum illud, et quod idem
Walterus fuit debitor illius debiti. Et dicit, quod non ponit se de hoc
super inquisicionem de debito suo per cirographum. Dies datus est
eis a die Pasche in unum mensem ad audiendum judicium suum. Et
consideratum est, quod Gilbertus de Torp' respondeat Isaac de debito
suo, nisi aliud dicat quam dixerit. Ideo, scilicet, quia ante com-
munem capturam Judeorum, semper exegit debitum illud a Waltero,
Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1220 3
de Vipont. Given by the hand of Simon, Archdeacon of Wells, at
Marlborough, on the tenth day of April in the second year of our
reign.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS.
PLEAS IN THE FOURTH YEAR OF THE REIGN OF KING
HENRY SON OF KING JOHN. [a.d. 1220.]
Isaac of Norwich, Jew, demands from Gilbert, son of Walter of
Thorpe, a debt of £14, with interest, by chirograph under the name
of the said Walter. The said Gilbert comes and says, that the debt
is demanded of him unlawfully, because, when all the debts due to
the Jews were in the hand of the King after the arrest at Bristol,1 he,
being distrained for the debt, came and said, that he was distrained
therefor unlawfully, because Walter, his father, never borrowed
the money, and he then put himself upon the inquest of the country,
whether the said Walter, his father, borrowed the money, or no ; and
the inquest came and said, that the money was not borrowed by the said
Walter, but by another Walter of Thorpe — so he says — and he still
puts himself upon the inquest of the country. The said Isaac comes
and demands the debt, which, he says, was a loan by him to the said
Walter, father of the said Gilbert, by chirograph. He also says that
after the arrest of the Jews at Bristol, when the debts due to them
were in the hand of the King, the Justices for the time being were in
doubt whether the debt was owing by the said Walter, father of the
said Gilbert, or by the other Walter, of whom mention is made, and
sent to him, Isaac, who was then a prisoner in the Tower of London,
that they might know from his own mouth, whether the debt was
owing by Walter, father of the said Gilbert, or by another Walter ;
and he said that the debt was a loan by him to the said Walter,
Gilbert's father, and that it was owing by the same Walter. And he
says, that as to this he does not put himself upon an inquest touching
his debt by chirograph. A day is given them, a month after Easter,
to hear their judgment. And it is adjudged, that Gilbert of Thorpe
answer Isaac of his debt, unless he say somewhat else than he has
said. And this is so adjudged, because, before the general arrest of
the Jews, Isaac always demanded the debt from Walter the father,
1 See Introduction, p. xxiv.
ib. m. 'i
Oxon.
4 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
patre ipsius Gilberti, et modo exigit ab ipso Gilberto, et inquisicio
facta hide sine eo, tempore quo debitum illud fuit in manu Domini
Begis, nichil debet ei nocere.
Eicardus, Prior de Dunestaplia, questus est quod Mosseus, filius
Brun, profert quandam cartam xxiiij 1., sub nomine Thome, Prioris, et
Conventus Dunestaplie et Brun, patris ejusdem Mossei, que loquitur
de anno proximo post mortem Begis Henrici, quam non intelligit
legalem esse, nee intelligit quod ad earn debeat respondere, et pluribus
de causis. In primis dicit, quod dictus Thomas, Prior, bonus et
discretus clericus fuit, et peroptimus, nee aliquam cartam conficeret
cum falso Latino, sicut continetur in ista. Preterea dicit, quod
tempore ejusdem Prioris et adhuc est consuetudo quod sigillum
Conventus includitur sub v clavibus, nee erat aliqua carta scripta nisi
de manu alicujus canonici ejusdem domus ; et producit quendam
canonicum, qui xl annis transactis omnes cartas ejusdem domus
propria manu scripsit, de cujusmanu littera ilia non est. Dicit eciam,
quod alia de causa intelligit quod falsa est, quia postquam fuit Prior,
fecit cuidam homini suo de Berkhamstede cartam confirmacionis domus
sue de tenemento suo signatam signo Conventus et contrasignatam
sigillo ejusdem Prioris, quod factum fuit postquam idem Eicardus
factus fuit Prior ; et homo ille necessitate compulsus invadiavit eidem
Mosseo cartam illam et super tunicam pro v s., et ad terminum statutum
solvit eidem Mosseo v s., et Judeus reddidit eidem homini supertunicam
et retinuit cartam. Et ideo intelligit quod de carta ilia fecit dictus
Judeus falsinam istam ; nam intelligit quod lota est, et postea deal-
bata, ita quod in plicitis illius carte apparet albedo crete, et quod
littera denigrata est, sicut esset de pinguidine,1 ut littera ilia ita vetus
appareat. Preterea dicit, quod apparet manifestissime Christianis et
Judeis quod est falsa, et ideo quia carta dicti Thome Prioris loquitur
de xxx annis transactis vel amplius, et iste Eicardus Prior, cujus
sigillum invenitur contra sigillum illius carte non fuit Prior nisi xviij
annis jam transactis. Prior ponit loco suo ad audiendum judicium
suum WiJlelmum de Glovernia.
Mosseus, Judeus, venit et defendit falsinam, feloniam, loturam et
invadiationem illius carte, et omnem falsinam de verbo in verbum,
sicut ei objicitur, prout Curia consideraverit. Eequisitus a Justiciariis
Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1220 4
and now demands it from him, Gilbert, and ought in no wise to suffer
by an inquest held thereon in his absence at a time when the debt
was in the hand of the King.
Kichard, Prior of Dunstable, complained that Moses, son of Brun,
produces a charter for £24 under the names of Prior Thomas and the
Convent of Dunstable and Brun, father of the said Moses, which
charter speaks from the year next after the death of King Henry, and
he knows that it is not legal, and that he ought not to answer thereto,
and that for several reasons. In the first place he says, that the said
Prior Thomas was a good and discreet and excellent clerk, and not
the man to make a charter containing bad Latin, as this charter does.
In the next place he says, that in the time of the same Prior Thomas
it was, as it still is, the custom for the seal of the convent to be kept
close under five keys, and no charter was ever written except by the
hand of some canon of the house ; and he produces a canon, who for
forty years past has written all the charters of the house with his own
hand, and that charter is not in his handwriting. He adds, that he
knows it to be false for another and the following reason. As Prior
he made, in confirmation of the tenure of one of his tenants at
Berkhamsted, a charter sealed with the seal of the Convent and
countersigned with his seal as Prior, which seal was made after he,
Kichard, was made Prior ; and that man, under stress of want, gave
that charter and a supertunic to this same Moses in gage for 5s., and
at the appointed time paid Moses the 5s., and the Jew returned him
the supertunic but retained the charter. And that the said Jew
falsified the charter, as alleged, he knows by the following tokens. For
it is evident to him that it has been washed and — by the white chalk
plainly visible in the folds — that it has been whitened, and that the
writing has been blackened, by grease as it would seem, that it may
have the appearance which it has of age. He adds that it is plainly
manifest to Christians and Jews alike that it is a false document,
because a charter of the said Prior Thomas speaks from thirty years
ago or more, whereas he, Prior Richard, whose seal is found opposite
the seal of that charter, has not been Prior for more than eighteen
years. The Prior puts in his place for the hearing of his judgment
William of Gloucester.
Moses the Jew comes and defends the acquisition of the charter by
way of gage, the washing and falsification of it, and all the fraudulent
and felonious acts imputed to him word by word, as the Court shall
award. Asked by the Justices how the charter came into his hands,
0 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
quomodo carta ilia ei venerit, elicit quod Brun, pater ejus, aliquando
dives erat, et plures cartas amisit, et quando concessum fuit quod
omnes carte concelate inrotularentur et ostenderentur, emit cartam
illam de quodam serviente, et fecit earn inrotulari ; set de debito illo
distringendo nunquam alias litteras perquisivit ; et dicit quod
nescivit in eo aliquam falsinam, nee adhuc scit, set earn protulit ut
heres. Interrogatum fuit ab eo nomen servientis et quis serviens ille
est. Dicit quod ignorat nomen suum, nee scit ille est.1 Interrogatus
si dictum servientem vocavit ad warantum, dicit, quod nescit quis est
serviens ille, nee ubi est.
Dies datus est Priori ad audiendum judicium suum a crastino
Apostolorum Petri et Pauli in xv dies ; et idem Mosseus missus est
apud Turrim Londonie.
Dies datus est Willelmo de Mandevilla, Comiti Essexe, Henrico
Aurifabro, et Ricardo, fratri suo, de placito terre, ad audiendum judi-
cium suum, in crastino Apostolorum Petri et Pauli.
Dies datus est Willelmo Blundo a die S. Trinitatis in xv dies ad
habendum coram Justiciariis Judeorum apud Westrnonasterium
Willelmum de Mandevilla, quern vocavit ad warantum de domibus
que fuerunt Eoberti filii Walteri in parochia S. Laurentii in Londonia.
Idem Willelmus Blundus petit auxilium Curie ad habendum dictum
Willelmum, quern dixit warantum suum esse, coram eisdem Justiciariis.
Dictus Comes summonitus fuit, et venit ad diem ei datum, et
warantizavit dicto Willelmo Blundo domos que fuerunt Boberti filii
Walteri in parochia S. Laurentii, quas dicto Willelmo Blundo vendidit.
Justiciarii veniunt et exigunt, quo modo et quo waranto dictus
Willelmus, Comes, ingressus est in domos que fuerunt vadia Domini
Regis pro iiiixx et vj m. et dim., quas Bobertus Alius Walteri debuit
Sampsoni, Judeo, super predictas domos. Dictus Willelmus de
Mandevilla venit et dicit, quod injuste ab eo debitum illud exigitur, et
ideo injuste quia Gaufridus films Petri, pater ejus, implacitatus erat
de eodem placito tempore Willelmi de Warenne et sociorum suorum ;
ita quod Gaufridus films Petri, pater ejus, posuit se super inquisicionem
et veredictum Civitatis Londonie ; et quod per inquisicionem et vere-
dictum illud recessit predictus Gaufridus films Petri, pater ejus, quietus
de predicto debito ; et quod prefatus Gaufridus films Petri, pater ejus, non
1 Sic : supply ' quis.'
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1220 5
he says that Brim, his father, was at one time rich, and lost several
charters, and when license was given to enrol and make public all
concealed charters he bought that charter from a certain servant and
had it enrolled ; but he never procured any other writing for the
purpose of distraint for the debt ; and he says that he knew of no
fraud therein, and that he still knows of none, and that he produced
it as heir. He was asked for the name of the servant, and who the
servant is. He says that he does not know his name, nor who he is.
Asked whether he has vouched the said servant to warranty, he says
that he knows neither who the servant is, nor where he is.
A day is given to the Prior to hear his judgment, the quindene
of the morrow of the Apostles Peter and Paul ; and the said Moses is
sent to the Tower of London.1
A day is given to William de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, Henry
Goldsmith, and Richard, his brother, to hear their judgment touching
a plea of land, the morrow of the Apostles Peter and Paul.
A day is given to William Blund, the quindene of Holy Trinity,
to have before the Justices of the Jews at Westminster William de
Mandeville, whom he vouched to warranty touching the houses which
belonged to Robert Fitz Walter, in the parish of St. Laurence in
London. The same William Blund craves the aid of the Court to
have the said William, whom he named as his warrantor, before
the same Justices. The said Earl was summoned, and came on the
day given him, and warranted the said William Blund the houses
which belonged to Robert FitzWalter in the parish of St. Laurence,
which he sold to the said William Blund. The Justices come and
demand, how and by what warrant the said Earl William entered
houses, which were gages of our Lord the King for 86£ marks, which
Robert FitzWalter owed to Sampson the Jew on the houses aforesaid.
The said William de Mandeville comes and says, that the debt is
demanded from him unlawfully, and unlawfully for this reason :
because Geoffrey FitzPeter, his father, was impleaded touching the
same plea in the time of William de Warenne and his associates ;
wherefore Geoffrey FitzPeter, his father, put himself upon the inquest
and verdict of the City of London ; and because by that inquest and
verdict the said Geoffrey FitzPeter, his father, went quit of the said
debt ; and because the said Geoffrey FitzPeter, his father, did not
1 Moses was eventually ransomed by the Jewish community. Ann. Monast. (Eolls
Ser.) iii. 66.
b SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
clamabat domos illas per Eobertum filiurn Walteri, nee per heredes suos ;
et quod per judicium et consideracionem Curie disracicmavit domos illas
sicut jus suum Et de hoc ponitse super rotulos Justiciariorum tunc
temporis existencium. Henricus Aurifaber et Ricardus de Colecbirche,
frater ejus, qui districti fuerunt pro predicto debito per impetracionem
predicti Willelmi Blundi, veniunt et dicunt, quod injuste per inquisi-
cionem et veredictum Civitatis Londonie recessit dictus Gaufridus filius
Petri, pater ejus, quietus de predicto debito, quia in Civitate Londonie
inquisicio non habetur nee veredictum. Et de hoc ponunt se super
probos homines Civitatis. Et de hoc quod dictus Willelmus de
Mandevilla elicit, quod ponit se super rotulos Justiciariorum tunc
existencium, ponunt se super eosdem rotulos, utrum predictus Gau-
fridus filius Petri, pater ejus, recessit quietus de debito Sampsonis,
Judei, vel non ; et de hoc quod dicit, quod Gaufridus filius Petri,
pater ejus, disracionavit domos illas tempore illo sicut jus suum,
ad hoc respondent quod injuste dicit, quia Cancellarius Willelmus de
Longchamp, tunc Justiciarius Anglie, cepit in manum suam domos
illas pro debito Domini Regis sicut Justiciarius ; et postea, tempore
Archiepiscopi de Rothomago, uxor predicti Roberti filii Walteri venit
et posuit se in domos illas sicut in francum bancum suum, et postea
ita tenuit se dum Hubertus Walterus fuit Justicia.rius Anglie ; et postea
venit Gaufridus filius Petri et cepit predictas domos sicut Justiciarius
pro debito Domini Regis, et eas vi tenuit, set non sicut jus suum.
Et dicunt, quod sunt propinquiores heredes Roberti filii Walteri, et
hoc bene testificatum fuit in pleno folkesmot, et in La Gyh#ulla, et,
desicut propinquiores heredes Roberti filii Walteri sunt, petunt Justi-
ciaries ut deliberent eis predictas domos, et respondebunt Domino
Regi de predicto debito sicut heredes, et per sic dabunt Domino
Regi c s.
Predictus Willelmus de Mandevilla venit, et defendit jus suum ubi
debebit et quando debebit. Predicti vero Henricus et Ricardus veniunt,
et exigunt domos illas sicut recti heredes Roberti filii Walteri, sicut illas
unde Robertus filius Walteri fuit vestitus toto tempore suo sicut de
hereditate sua, et illam invadiavit Sampsoni, Judeo, sicut hereditatem
suam ; dicentes quod predictus Gaufridus filius Petri, pater predicti
Willelmi, cepit seisinam domuum illarum sicut Justiciarius, et eos extra
illas injuste tenuit. Et petunt quodpossunt respondere Domino Regi
de iiiixx et vj m. et dim. Et bene ponunt se super rotulos predictos, si
unquam placitum fuit coram eisdem Justiciariis vel inquisicio de debito
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1220 6
claim those houses through Robert FitzWalter, or through his heirs ;
and because he did deraign those houses as his right by the judg-
ment of the Court. And touching this he puts himself upon the rolls
of the Justices then being. Henry Goldsmith and his brother,
Eichard of Colechurch, who were distrained for the said debt at the
suit of the said William Blund, come and say, that by the inquest
and verdict of the City of London the said Geoffrey FitzPeter, the
Earl's father, went quit of the said debt unlawfully, because in the
City of London neither inquest nor verdict is had.1 And touching
this they put themselves upon the true men of the City. And touch-
ing what the said William de Mandeville says, that he puts himself
upon the rolls of the Justices then being, they put themselves upon
the same rolls, whether the said Geoffrey FitzPeter, his father, went
quit of the debt to Sampson the Jew, or no ; and touching what he
says, that Geoffrey FitzPeter, his father, deraigned those houses at
that time as his right, they answer that he speaks without law,
because the Chancellor William de Longchamp, then Justiciar of
England, took those houses for a debt of the King into his hand as
Justiciar ; and afterwards, in the time of the Archbishop of Rouen,2
the wife of the said Robert FitzWalter came and occupied those
houses as her free bench, and so held them thereafter while Hubert
Walter was Justiciar of England; and afterwards came Geoffrey
FitzPeter and took the said houses as Justiciar for a debt of the King,
and held them by force, and not as his right. And they say, that
they are next heirs of Robert FitzWalter, and this was well attested
in full folkmote, and in the Gildhall, and, as being next heirs of Robert
FitzWalter, they pray the Justices to deliver the said houses to them,
and they will answer our Lord the King touching the said debt as
heirs, and therefor they will give our Lord the King 100s.
The said William de Mandeville comes, and will defend his right
where and when he ought. The said Henry and Richard come, and
as Robert FitzWalter's heirs demand those houses as those whereof he
was vested all his life as his of inheritance, which as such he gave in
gage to Sampson the Jew. They say that the said Geoffrey FitzPeter,
father of the said William, took seisin of those houses as Justiciar, and
kept them out thereof unlawfully. And they crave that they may answer
our Lord the King for the 86i marks. And they put themselves upon
the said rolls, whether there were ever plea or inquest before the said
1 I.e. touching pleas of land in which the 2 William de Coutances, Justiciar,
rights of Jews are concerned. Cf. Intro- 1191-3.
duction, p. xxii.
Rot. 2, m.
Loml.
7 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
illo quod Eobertus filius Walteri debuit Sampsoni, Judeo, cujus nomine
debitum illud debetur. Dies datus est eis in octabis S. Michaelis
ad audiendum judicium suum. Ad hunc diem venerunt, et petierunt
judicium suum. Comes petit quod sit quietus de debito illo,1 et quod
predicti Henricus et Eicardus, qui recognoscunt se esse heredes, solvant
debitum, desicut nichil habet, vel clamat per Eobertum filium Walteri,
et desicut pater suus quietus recessit de debito illo per inquisicionem.
Predicti Henricus et Eicardus veniunt, et petunt quod eis allocetur
quod nunquam summoniti fuerunt ad aliquam inquisicionem inde
audiendam ; dicentes, quod inquisicio nullam mencionem facit de
debito quod Eobertus filius Walteri debuit Sampsoni, Judeo, de quo
Sampsone debitum illud movet, set de Abraham, filio Babi, cujus
nomine non exigitur. Et bene ponunt se super rotulos, et dicunt
quod inquisicio ilia non debet eis nocere, desicut inquisicio ilia
nullam mencionem facit de debito quod Eobertus filius Walteri debuit
Sampsoni, Judeo, cujus nomine debitum illud exigitur, et exigunt
consideracionem si debeant respondere de predicto debito, desicut
non tenent aliquas terras que fuerunt Eoberti filii Walteri ; set
adhuc petunt, quod predicte domus eis deliberentur, et de predicto
debito respondebunt. Et Justiciarii exigunt, si inquisicio que facta
est sine precepto Domini Eegis debet ei nocere de debito vel vadiis
suis habendis. Dies datus est eis de die in diem usque in octabis
S. Martini. Comes ponit loco suo Henricum Luvel, Willelmum
Blundum, vel Eogerum de Bungeya. Henricus et Eicardus uterque
ponit alterum, Dies datus est eis a die S. Hillarii in xv dies ad
audiendum judicium suum. ■
Item, dies datus est a die Pasche in unum mensem ad audiendum
judicium suum.
PLACITA DE TEBMINO PASCHE ANNO VICESIMO
OCTAVO.
Martin us, Prior de Benetlega, fecit summonere Mosseum Crespin
et Isaac, fratrem suum, ad respondendum ei de placito, quod injuste
fecerant eum distringi pro debito, quod eis non debet, ut dicit ; unde
dampnificatus est ad valenciam x m. Et Judei veniunt et defendunt
vim etc. et dicunt, quod non injuste set juste, et proferunt duo ciro-
1 The text has here been cleared of a piece of incoherent circumlocution which
impeded the course of the narrative.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1244 7
•Justices touching that debt which Robert FitzWalter owed to Sampson
the Jew, in whose name that debt is owing. A day is given them,
the octave of St. Michael, to hear their judgment. On this day they
came, and craved their judgment. The Earl craves that he be quit of
that debt, and that the said Henry and Richard, who acknowledge that
they are heirs, do pay the debt, seeing that he neither has nor claims
aught through Robert FitzWalter, and that his father went quit of
that debt by inquest. The said Henry and Richard come, and
crave that it be allowed in their favour that they were never
summoned to hear any inquest thereof ; and they say, that the inquest
makes no mention of the debt which Robert FitzWalter owed to
Sampson the Jew, from which Sampson that debt moves, but of
Abraham, son of Rabbi, in whose name it is not demanded. And
they put themselves upon the rolls, and say that they ought not to
suffer by the inquest, seeing that that inquest makes no mention of
the debt which Robert FitzWalter owed to Sampson the Jew, in
whose name that debt is demanded, and they claim judgment
whether they ought to answer touching the said debt, seeing
that they hold no lands which belonged to Robert FitzWalter ;
but they crave, as before, that the said houses be delivered to them,
and they will answer touching the said debt. And the Justices
demand, whether an inquest made without the King's mandate ought
to impair his right of recovery upon a debt clue to him or his
gages. A day is given them from day to day until the octave of
St. Martin. The Earl puts in his place Henry Lovel, William Blund,
or Roger de Bungay. Henry and Richard put each the other in his
place. A day is given them, the quindene of St. Hilary, to hear their
judgment.
A further day is given, a month after Easter, to hear their
judgment.
PLEAS OF EASTER TERM IN THE TWENTY-EIGHTH
YEAR. [A.D. 1244.]
Martin, Prior of Bentley, caused summon Moses Crespin and Isaac,
his brother, to answer him touching a plea, that they had unlawfully
caused him to be distrained for a debt, which, he says, he does not
owe them ; whereby he is damnified to the amount of 10 marks. And
the Jews come and defend the force etc. and say, that they distrained
not unlawfully but lawfully, and they produce two chirographs ; in one
8 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
grapha ; in quorum uno continetur, quod dictus Prior de Benetlega et
ejusdem loci Conventus debent Mosseo, filio Jacobi Crespin, ij in. et
dim., reddendas ad festum S. Michaelis anno regni Regis Henrici
xxiiij0 : acto viij0 die Decembris proximo ante : et in alio continetur,
quod dictus Prior et ejusdem loci Conventus debent Isaac Crespin lx s.,
reddendo hide ad festum Omnium Sanctorum anno regni Regis Henrici
xxvj0 x s., et ad Pascha post 1 s. : acto viij° die Feb. anno xxv°.
Ad hoc dicit dictus Prior, quod ad debitum lx s. non debet re-
spondere, eo quod nunquam debitum illud a dicto Isaac mutuo cepit,
nee aliqua pars est in Archa Cirographorum, et quod hoc sit verum
ponit se super Archam Cirographorum Londonie. Et Judeus simili-
ter. Ideo consideration est, quod Archa scrutetur.
Ad debitum ij m. et dim. dicit dictus Prior, quod injuste fecit eum
distringi pro debito illo, quia prece parcium datus fuit dies a die Pasche
in unum mensem, et quod hoc sit verum ponit se super rotulos. Ad
hoc dicit dictus Judeus, quod nunquam fuit dies datus inter eos prece
parcium, nisi de lx s. Dies datus est eis a die Pasche in unum mensem
ad audiendum judicium suum ; et interim averia replegiantur. Postea
concordati sunt per licenciam Justiciariorum, et Prior dat dim.
marcam pro licencia concordandi.
Robertus Cristfinesse queritur, quod, cum venisset ad domum Diaie,
filii Soleil, die Dominica ante Exaltacionem S. Crucis, ad mutuandum
iij s. super unum ciphuin de mazer cum pede argenteo et duo firma-
cula argentea, et venit Bona, uxor dicti Diaie, in presencia sua et per
preceptum suum, et tradidit ei iij s. retonsatos super predicta vadia ;
et ex quo recessit a domo dicti Diaie obviavit Roberto, ballivo Cicestre,
qui vidit dictum Robertum deferentem denarios retonsatos, et attachia-
vit denarios illos ; et requisitus quis ei denarios illos tradidit, dixit
quod eos mutuo cepit de dicta Judea. Ad hoc dicit dictus Diaie pro
se et uxore sua, quod nunquam denarios illos ei tradidit, nee aliquos
denarios ab eo super dicta vadia mutuo cepit, nee denarios illos
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1244 8
of which it is contained, that the said Prior of Bentley and the Convent of
the same place owe Moses, son of Jacoh Crespin, 2i marks, payable
on the feast of St. Michael in the 24th year of the reign of King Henry,
the chirograph being made on the 8th of December in the preceding
year ; and in the other it is contained, that the said Prior and Con-
vent of the same place owe Isaac Crespin 60s., whereof they were to
pay 10s. on the feast of All Saints in the 26th year of the reign of
King Henry, and 50s. at the following Easter, the chirograph being
made on the 8th of February in the 25th year.
To this the said Prior saith, that as to the debt of 60s. he is not
bound to answer, because he never had that loan from the said Isaac,
nor is there any part of the said chirograph in the Chirograph-Chest,
and as to the truth of this he puts himself upon the London Chiro-
graph-Chest. And the Jew likewise. So it is adjudged, that the Chest
be searched.
As to the debt of 2^ marks the said Prior saith, that the Jew caused
him to be distrained for that debt unlawfully, because at the prayer of
the parties a day was given, a month after Easter, and as to the truth of
this he puts himself upon the rolls. To this saith the said Jew, that there
was never any day given between them at the prayer of the parties,
save touching the 60s. A day is given them, a month after Easter, to
hear their judgment ; and in the meantime the goods are replevied.
Afterwards they make concord by leave of the Justices, and the Prior
gives half a mark for the leave.
Kobert Cristfinesse complains, that, he being at the house of Diaia,1
son of Soleil, on the Sunday before the Exaltation of the Holy Cross,
whither he had come to borrow 3s. upon a bowl of mazer-wood 2 with
a silver foot and two silver buckles, Bona, wife of the said Diaia,
came, in her husband's presence and at his command, and gave him
3s. in clipped coin upon the said gages ; and after he had left the house
of the said Diaia he met Bobert, bailiff of Chichester, who saw
him, Bobert, carrying away the clipped coins, and attached the coins ;
and being asked who gave him those coins, he answered that he had
borrowed them from the said Jewess.
To this the said Diaia for himself and his wife makes answer,
that he never gave him those coins, or lent him any coins on those
gages, nor did he clip those coins ; and touching this matter he puts
1 Such appears to be the true spelling of Deeds of English Jews before 1290, ed.
a name which occurs in a puzzling variety Davis (A.-J. H. E. P.) Index,
of forms in the records. See Hebrew - See Glossary.
(J SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
retonsavit ; et de hoc ponit se super Henricurn Ketelbern, Gaufridum
de Westrete et Eadulfum de La Sende (et Eobertus similiter) ; set
quod illud factum fuit maliciose per Jacobum de Custanciis, Judeum,
et quod illos denarios retonsavit, et non ipse, se ponit super predictos
Henricum, Gaufridum et Eadulfum, et dat Domino Eegi dim. marcam
ut habeat veredictum predictorum. Et dicti Henricus et alii jurati
dicunt quod credunt bene, quod dictus Eobertus dictos denarios mutuo
cepit de dicta Bona super dicta vadia, set non in presencia ipsius Diaie,
quia non fait in villa, ut credunt. Dicunt eciam quod dictus Eobertus
questus fuit per consilium Jacobi de Custanciis. Et quia idem Jacobus
habebatur suspectus de retonsura, invenit plegios, si aliquis versus eum
loqui voluerit, scilicet, Jacobum, filium Flurie, Deulecresse, filium
Gente, Manasserum de Bedford, Aaron de Colecestria. Postea finivit
dictus Diaie cum dicto Eoberto per x s. pro vadio et dainpno, solvendos
in crastino Ascensionis.
Kancet Clamatum fuit per scolas * Judeorum Londonie, quod si aliquis
Judeus vel Judea aliquod debitum exigere posset de Willelmo Belhuncle
quod esset coram Justiciariis, etc. a die Pascbe in unum mensem.
Et nullus venit preter Eliam Le Blund, qui protulit duo cirographa ;
in quorum uno continetur, quod dictus Willelmus debet dicto Elie
iiij 1., reddendo ad festum S. Michaelis anno xxvj0 xx s., et ad quinde-
nam Purificationis B. Marie lx s. ; et in alio continetur, quod dictus
Willelmus debet dicto Elie xx s., reddendos ad Natale anno xxviij". Et
dictus Elias concedit, quod, nisi cirographa ilia inrotulentur in rotulis
de itinere Gilberti de Preston et sociorum suorum, quod debita ilia
quieta Bint.
ib.m.2, Johanna, que fuit uxor Eogeri Bacun, fecit summonere Isaac,
filium Benedicti de Colecestria, ad respondendum ei de placito, quod
injuste exigit ab ea debitum quod ei non debet, ut elicit, et ea
occasione fecit earn distringi in autumpno anno xxvj°, et cepit averia
sua, unde dampnificata est ad valenciam xl s. ; et inde producit sectam.
Et Judeus venit et defendit vim etc. et injustam districcionem et
dicit, quod non injuste set juste exigit ab ea debitum illud ; scilicet, xx s.
per quoddam cirographum quod protulit, in quo continetur, quod dicta
Johanna debet dicto Benedicto de Colecestria et Isaac de Warwico
xx s., solvendos ad festum S. Michaelis anno regui Eegis Henrici xxj".
1 See Glossary.
Kent and
London.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1244 0
himself upon Henry Ketelbern, Geoffrey of West Street, and Ralph
of La Sende (and Robert likewise) ; but that it was a malicious con-
trivance of Jacob of Coutances, Jew, by whom, and not by him, the
coins were clipped, touching this, he puts himself upon the said Henry,
Geoffrey and Ralph, and gives our Lord the King half a mark to have
their verdict. And the said Henry and the other jurors say that they
fully believe, that the said Robert borrowed the said coins from the said
Bona on the said gages, but not in the presence of Diaia, for, as they
believe, he was not in the vill. They also say that the said Robert
made his complaint by the advice of Jacob of Coutances. And as the
said Jacob was held suspect of the clipping, he finds pledges, if so be
that anyone have aught to say against him : to wit, Jacob, son of
Fluria, Deulecresse, son of Genta, Manasser of Bedford, Aaron of
Colchester. Afterwards the said Diaia fined with the said Robert in
10s. for gage and damage, payable on the morrow of the Ascension.
Proclamation was made through the synagogues of the Jews of
London, that if any Jew or Jewess should have any debt to demand of
William Belhuncle, he or she should be before the Justices etc. a month
after Easter. And no one came but Elias Le Blund, who produced two
chirographs ; in one of which it is contained, that the said William
owes the said Elias £4, whereof he was to pay 20s. on the feast of St.
Michael in the 26th year, and 60s. on the quindene of the Purification
of Blessed Mary ; and in the other it is contained, that the said William
owes the said Elias 20s., payable at the Nativity in the 28th year.
And the said Elias admits, that, should those chirographs not be in-
rolled in the rolls of the eyre of Gilbert de Preston and his associates,
those debts would be quit.
Joan, wife that was of Roger Bacon, caused summon Isaac, son of
Benedict, of Colchester, to answer her touching a plea, that he
unlawfully demands of her a debt which she does not owe him, so she
says, and on that account caused her to be distrained in the autumn
of the 26th year, and seized her cattle, whereby she is damnified to the
amount of 40s. ; and thereof she produces suit. And the Jew comes
and defends the force etc. and unlawful distress and says, that not
unlawfully but lawfully he demands of her that debt ; to wit, 20s. by
a chirograph which he produced, in which it is contained, that the
said Joan owes the said Benedict of Colchester and Isaac of Warwick
20s., payable at the feast of St. Michael in the 21st year of the reign
of King Henry.
10 SCACCAKIUM JUDEORUM
Ad hoc dicit Johanna, quod injuste exigit debitum illud, quia ipsa
illud nunquam mutuavit, nee aliquid inde debet esse in Archa, eo
quod, quando scrutinium factum fuit per fratrem Gaufridum de
catallis Judeorum, nichil inde fuit inventum nee inrotulatum ; et
quod hoc sit verum, se ponit super rotulos. Et quia scrutatis rotulis
nichil inde fuit inventum, consideratum est, quod ipsa Johanna
respondeat Domino Eegi de debito illo, et Judeus in misericordia pro
injusta districcione, et reddat ipsi Johanne dampna sua. Et man-
dandum est Cirographariis Colecestrie, quod sint coram Justiciariis
in octabis S. Trinitatis ad respondendum, quo modo et per quern
dictum cirographum intravit in Archam, cum confectum esset ante
predictum scrutinium, et in scrutinio illo non iirventum, set postea
per Vicecomitem Essexe, qui illud extraxit ab Archa ilia perpreceptum
Domini Regis, et protulit coram Justiciariis.
STARRA.
Ursellus de Colecestria recognovit per starrum suum, quod Philippus
Basset et Fulco Basset, et heredes eorum et sui assignati, et omnes
terre quas tenent de Willelmo de Beymes, quieti sunt versus eum et
heredes suos de omnibus debitis, querelis, demandis, que dictus
Willelmus unquam ei debuit a creacione seculi usque ad finem ; et
si aliquis veniat et deferat cirographum, talliam, vel aliud instru-
mentum sub nominibus ipsius Willelmi et dicti Judei, recognovit, quod
quietum sit et nullius vigoris.
Aaron, films Abrahe, recognovit per starrum suum, quod quietum
clamavit et perdonavit Roberto de Mares et heredibus suis et
assignatis suis totum manerium de Akemere, quod emit de Johanne
de Mares, fratre ipsius Roberti ; ita quod ipse vel heredes sui nichil
poterunt exigere vel clamare super predictum manerium cum perti-
nenciis, occasione alicujus debiti quod dictus Johannes ei debuit, a
creacione seculi usque ad finem.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1244 10
To this Joan answers, that he demands that debt unlawfully,
because she never borrowed the money, nor should there be aught
therefor in the Chest, because, when the scrutiny was made by Brother
Geoffrey 1 touching the chattels of the Jews, nought thereof was found
or inrolled ; and as to the truth of this she puts herself upon the rolls.
And as upon scrutiny of the rolls nought thereof was found, it is
adjudged, that she, Joan, answer our Lord the King touching that
debt, and the Jew be in mercy for unlawful distress, and pay her, Joan,
her damages. And the Cliirographers of Colchester are to be com-
manded, that they be before the Justices on the octave of Holy
Trinity to answer, by what means and by whom the said chirograph
came into the Chest, seeing that it was made before the said scrutiny
and was not found in that scrutiny, but afterwards by the Sheriff of
Essex, who took it out of the Chest at our Lord the King's command,
and produced it before the Justices.
STARES.
Essex. Ursell of Colchester acknowledged by his starr, that Philip Basset
and Fulk Basset, and their heirs and their assigns, and all the lands
which they hold of William de Eeymes, are quit as to him and his
heirs of all debts, claims and demands, which the said William ever
owed him from the creation to the end of the world ; and should
anyone come and produce any chirograph, tally or other instrument
under the name of him, William, and the said Jew, he acknowledged,
that it would be quit and of no force.2
Kent. Aaron, son of Abraham, acknowledged by his starr, that he quit-
claimed and pardoned to Robert de Mares and his heirs and his
assigns all the manor of Akemere which he bought of John de Mares,
brother of him, Robert ; so that it be not in the power of either him
or his heirs to demand or claim aught upon the said manor and its
appurtenances, on account of any debt which the said John owed him,
from the creation to the end of the world.
1 The King's Almoner. Cf. De Antiq. - Cf. Davis, Hebrew Deeds of English
Leg. (Camden Soc.) p. 237. Matt. Par. Jews (A.-J. H. E. P.) No. 195.
Chron. Maj. vol. iii. 495, 543.
11 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
MEMOEANDUM.
Preceptum fuit Viceconiiti Northaintescire, quod per sacramentum
xij etc. eligi faceret duos idoneos Christianos ad claves Arche Ciro-
graphorum custodiendas, quas Eobertus de Leicestria, qui obiit, et
Eadulfus Passelewe, qui insufficiens fuit, ut dicebatur, custodierunt ;
et quod acciperet de eis salvos plegios de fidelitate, et scire faceret
nomina electorum illorum, et plegiorum suoruin, die Lune proxiuia
post Ascensionem Doinini. Ad diem retornavit Vicecomes breve, et
significavit, quod Eogerus filius Theobaldi, et Eobertus Le Despenser
fuerunt electi, et invenerunt plegios; scilicet, Eogerus, Philippum filium
Bicardi, de Northaintona, et Henricum de Leicestria, de eadem ; et
Eobertus, Adam Le Brun, de Northaintona, et Henricum filium
Eoberti de eadem.
PLACITA DE TEEMINO S. MICHAELIS ANNO VICESIMO
OCTAVO INCIPIENTE NONO.
Rot. 4, m. 3. Per preceptum Domini Eegis venit Petrus de La Leye coram
Warw
Justiciariis, et adduxit coram eis Leonem, filium Deuleben', Anteram,
filiam suam, et Eliam, generum ipsius Leonis, et Sigge, uxorein ejus,
et Eliam, filium Deuleben', captos occasione cujusdam appelli de pace
Domini Eegis infracta. Et Yicecomes significavit per litteras suas,
quod Elias, filius Isaac Lumbard, retonsor est denariorum, et per
inquisicionem hide factam convictus, et retonsura inventa in domo
sua in quadam fossa sub terra. Preterea significavit idem Yicecomes,
quod Salomon, filius Ees', latro est pessimus. Et quesitum fuit a
predicto ballivo, scilicet, Petro, ubi dicta retonsura fuit, et dixit quod
nescivit. Ideo custodiatur quousque hide respondeatur. Et predicti
Judei committantur prisone. Et mandandum est Viceconiiti, quod die
Lune proxima post festuin S. Martini habeat coram Justiciariis etc.
retonsuram predictain, et latrocinium cum quo dictus Salomon captus
fuit. Et preceptum Domini Eegis tradituni est predicto Petro.
Postea venit Elias de Warwik', et appellavit predictum Leonem et
alios de hoc quod die Lune proxima ante festuin S. Mathei Apostoli,
parum post nonam, in magno vico de Warwik' obviaverunt Besse, uxori
sue, et illam ceperunt, verberaverunt et male tractaverunt, ita quod
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1244-5 11
MEMORANDUM.
The Sheriff of Northamptonshire was commanded, that by oath of
twelve etc. he cause to be chosen two Christians proper to have
charge of the keys of the Chirograph-Chest, of which Robert de
Leicester, who is dead, and Ralph Passelewe, who was unfit, as was
said, had charge ; and that he take safe pledges for their fidelity, and
notify the names of them when chosen, and of their pledges, on the
Monday next after the Ascension of the Lord. The Sheriff returned
the writ on the day assigned, and notified, that Roger FitzTheobald,
and Robert Le Despenser were chosen, and found pledges ; to wit,
Roger found Philip FitzRichard, oj Northampton, and Henry de
Leicester, of the same place ; and Robert found Adam Le Brun, of
Northampton, and Henry FitzRobert, of the same place.
PLEAS OF MICHAELMAS TERM IN THE TWENTY-EIGHTH
YEAR AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTY-NINTH
YEAR. [A.D. 1244-5.]
By mandate of our Lord the King came Peter de La Leye before the
Justices, and brought before them Leo, son of Deuleben, Antera, his
daughter, and his son-in-law Elias, and Sigge, his wife, and Elias,
son of Deuleben, taken on appeal of breach of our Lord the King's
peace. And the Sheriff notified by letter, that Elias, son of Isaac
Lumbard, is a coin-clipper, and so convict by inquest had thereof,
and that clippings were found in his house in a pit underground.
The Sheriff further notified, that Solomon, son of Res, is a thief of
the worst character. And the said bailiff, to wit, Peter, was asked
where the said clippings were, and said that he knew not. Let him
therefore be in custody until that question be answered. And let the
said Jews be committed to prison. And the Sheriff is to be com-
manded to have the said clippings before the Justices etc. on the
Monday next after the feast of St. Martin, and therewith the matter
of larceny on which the said Solomon was taken. And the mandate
of our Lord the King is delivered to the said Peter.
Elias of Warwick afterwards came, and appealed the said Leo and
others, for that on Monday next before the feast of St. Matthew the
Apostle, a little after none, they met Bessa, his wife, in the high
street of Warwick, and took and beat her and so maltreated her that
ib. m. 4.
Suth.
12 SCACCARIUM JUDEOIIUM
infantem suuin, abortivum, frustratuni abs se abjecit, et abstulerunt
ei unum firrnaculuni aureum et octo anulos aureos precii x m. ; et hoc
paratus est probare, debeat per patriam, debeat per corpus suum, sive
quocunque alio rnodo Curia consideraverit. Et Leo et alii veniunt
et defendunt vim etc. et totum quod eis irnpositum verbo ad verbum,
et dicunt quod non videtur eis, quod debeant ei respondere, desicut
loquitur versus eos de facto illato uxori sue, que in vita est, et posset
sequi, et non sequitur ; et petunt sibi allocari quod non loquitur
versus eos de visu sive auditu. Et Elias dicit, quod loquitur versus
euni de felonia facta infanti suo, et de catallis suis robbatis uxori sue ;
et hoc petit sibi allocari. Postea veniunt Leo et alii et defendunt
totum ut supra, et petunt sibi allocari de hoc quod non fuerunt
inventi seisiti de aliqua parte dictorum catallorum. Set veritatem
volunt recognoscere ; et dicunt quod, cum Antera, filia ipsius Leonis,
iter ageret per villam de Warwik', venit predicta Bessa cum aliis, et
cepit ipsam Anteram, et ipsam verberavit et male tractavit, ita
quod comedit nasum suum et auriculas. Ita quod uxor ipsius Leonis
venit et succursum fecit predicte Antere. Set quod ipse Leo, et alii in
ipsam manum non miserunt, petunt quod inquiratur per patriam.
Preterea dicunt, quod predicta Bessa, postquam ita tractaverat ipsam
Anteram, obivit domura, et incubuit super lectum suum, et fecit se
sanguinolentam de sanguine animalium, et sanguinem fecit infundere
circa lectum suum. Et quod hoc sit verum, petunt quod inquiratur
per patriam. Postea consideration est, quod appellum predicti Elie
nullum est. Set Dominus Rex vult sequi inquisicionem. Ideo fiat
inquisicio in pleno Comitatu per sex tarn milites quam alios liberos et
legales homines de forinseco comitatu, et per sex tarn milites quam
alios liberos et legales homines de villa de Warwik', et veniat in-
quisicio in octabis S. Hillarii. Et interim Leo predictus et Antera et
Sigge, filie sue, appellati, traditi sunt constabulario.
Clamatum fuit per scolas Judeorum Wintonie, quod si aliquis
Judeus vel Judea aliquod debitum exigere posset de Willelmo Bardulf,
de debito suo proprio, vel de debito Willelmi de Warenne de Wurmegay,
quod esset ad certum diem cum instrumentis etc. Ad diem non venit
aliquis preter Eliam, filium Chere. Postea, die Lune proxima post
diem Animarum venit dictus Elias et dicit, quod tenetur ei de debito
Willelmi de Warenne per cartas, set illas non habet ad manus ; nee
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEAVS, A.I). 1244-5 12
she miscarried of her infant, and took from her a gold buckle and
eight gold rings of the value of 10 marks ; and this he is ready to
prove either by the country or by his body, or in what other way
soever the Court may adjudge. And Leo and the others come and
defend the force etc. and all that is laid to their charge word by
word, and say that they do not see, that they are bound to answer
him, inasmuch as his count is a matter touching his wife, who is alive,
and might sue and does not ; and they crave that it be allowed in their
favour that he does not count against them as of his own sight or
hearing. And Elias says, that his count is matter of felony done upon
his infant, and of his chattels stolen from his wife ; and he craves that
this be allowed in his favour. Leo and the others afterwards come
and deny all of it as above, and crave that it be allowed in their
favour that they were not found seised of any part of the said chattels.
But they are willing to acknowledge the truth ; and they say that as
Antera, Leo's daughter, was passing through the town of Warwick,
the said Bessa came with others and took her, Antera, and beat and
maltreated her and ate her nose and ears. In consequence whereof
his, Leo's, wife came and succoured the said Antera. But they say
that Leo and the others laid no hand upon her, Bessa, and thereof
they crave an inquest of the country. They say, furthermore, that the
said Bessa after so treating her, Antera, went home and lay down on
her bed, and smeared herself with the blood of animals, and caused
blood to be spilled round about her bed. And as to the truth of this
they crave an inquest of the country. It is afterwards adjudged, that
the appeal of the said Elias is null. But our Lord the King wills to
sue an inquest. So let the inquest be had in full County Court by
six as well knights as other free and lawful men of the utter county,
and by six as well knights as other free and lawful men of the town of
Warwick, and let the inquest come on the octave of St. Hilary. And
in the meantime the said Leo and Antera and Sigge, his daughters,
so appealed, are delivered to the constable.
Proclamation was made through the synagogues of the Jews of
Winchester, that if any Jew or Jewess had any debt to enforce
against William Bardulf, whether his, Bardulf's, own debt or a debt
of William de Warenne of Wormgay, he or she should be before etc.,
on a certain day with the instruments etc. On the day appointed none
came save Elias, son of Chera. Afterwards, on the Monday next
following All Souls' Day comes the said Elias and says, that Bardulf
is bound to him for a debt of William de Warenne by charters, but
ib. m. 5.
Essex.
13 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
voluit dicere quantum. Et Justiciarii exigunt a dicto Elia, si scrvivit
Domino Regi inde in scrutinio facto per Fratrem Gaufridum, et ipse
dicit quod inde servivit per starrum suum ; et scrutatis starris nichil
inventum est. Postea dicit quod servivit in scrutinio facto per
Thomam de Neuwerk' et Eadulfum de Leicestria.
Piobertus de Brus fecit summonere Aaron Le Blund ad respon-
dendum ei de placito, quod injuste fecit cum distringi pro debito c 1.,
desicut non debet ei nisi c s. per annum de mortuo vadio pro predicto
debito stallando ; et hide profert starrum suum, et dicit quod occasione
illius districcionis dampnificatus est ad valenciam xl 1., et hide producit
sectam. Et Judeus venit et defendit summonicionem. Ideo vadiet
ei legem ; et datus est dies a die Lune proxima ante festum S. Andree
ad legem faciendam, et ad respondendum de capitali placito. Plegius,
Samuel Le Blund.
ib.m.5. Willelmus Bardulf fecit summonere Eliam, filium Chere, et
Norf. .
participes suos hereditatis Isaac Cirograpbarii l et Chere, de Wintonia,
ad ostendendum quibus instrumentis et quo waranto exigunt ab eo
debitum de debito Willelmi de Warenne de Wurmegay.
Et Elias, Alius Chere, et Aaron, filius predicti Isaac Cirograpbarii,
veniunt et proferunt duo cirographa, unum scilicet, in quo continetur,
quod Willelmus de Warenne, filius Pieginaldi, debet Isaac Cirographario
vijxx 1., unde xxxv 1. per annum ad iiij terminos, scilicet, S. Hillarii,
Pasche, S. Johannis et S. Michaelis, prinio termino incipiente ad
festum S. Hillarii proximum post obitum Galfridi de Muschamp,
Cestrensis Episcopi ; in quo quidem cirographo nichil continetur
vadii, nisi quod affidavit pro se et heredibus suis et sigillo suo con-
firmavit ; et aliud cirographum, in quo continetur, quod idem Willelmus
debet Chere de Wintonia xxiij m., unde primus terminus solucionis
fuit ad festum S. Michaelis secundum post obitum Godefridi,
Wintoniensis Episcopi ; in quo similiter nichil continetur vadii, nisi
ut supra.
1 Probably the magnate so roughly i. 223. See also Eot. Lit. Claus. (Kec.
handled by King John at Bristol in 1210. Comm.) i. 137, and Introduction, p. xxiv
His fine, at any rate, for the talliage then supra,
assessed amounted to 5,100 marks. Madox,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1244-5 13
those charters lie has not at hand ; nor would he say in how much he
is bound. And the Justices demand of the said Elias, whether he did
service ' to our Lord the King on the said debt in the scrutiny made
by Brother Geoffrey, and he says that he did service thereon by his
starr ; and the starrs being examined, nothing is found. He after-
wards says that he did service thereon in the scrutiny made by Thomas
de Newark and Ralph de Leicester.
Robert de Brus caused summon Aaron Le Blund to answer him
touching a plea, that Aaron had caused him to be distrained for a
debt of £100 unlawfully, inasmuch as he owes him only 100s. yearly
on a mortgage for the stallage 2 of the said debt ; and thereof he
produces his, Aaron's, starr, and says that by reason of that distress
he is damnified to the amount of £40, and thereof he produces suit.
And the Jew comes and denies the summons. So let him wage
Robert law ; and a day is given, the Monday next before the feast of
St. Andrew, to make the law, and to answer touching the main plea.
Pledge, Samuel Le Blund,
William Bardulf caused summon Elias, son of Chera, and his
coparceners of the inheritance of Isaac the Chirographer and Chera,
of Winchester, to show by what instruments and by what warrant
they make demand of debt upon him for a debt of William de Warenne
of Wormgay.
And Elias, son of Chera, and Aaron, son of the said Isaac the
Chirographer, come and produce two chirographs, to wit, one, in which
it is contained, that William de Warenne, son of Reginald, owes Isaac
the Chirographer £140, payable in the course of a year by instalments
of £35 at each of the four terms, those, to wit, of St. Hilary, Easter,
St. John, and St. Michael, beginning with the feast of St. Hilary next
after the death of Geoffrey de Muschamp, Bishop of Chester ; 3 in
which chirograph there is nothing in the nature of a gage, except that
he pledged his own faith and that of his heirs, and confirmed it by
his seal ; and another chirograph, in which it is contained, that the
same William owes Chera of Winchester 23 marks, of which the first
term of payment was the feast of St. Michael next but one after the
death of Godfrey, Bishop of Winchester ; 4 in which there is likewise
nothing in the nature of a gage, except as above.
1 I.e., whether he became bound to the 3 Died 1208. Cf. Walt, de Coventr.
King for any proportion of the claim. (Rolls Ser.) ii. 199.
- See Glossary. 4 Godfrey de Lucy, d. 1204, ib. ii. 197.
Rot. 5. Line.
14 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Et Willelmus venit et elicit, quod ad debita ilia non debet re-
spondere eis, eo quod in inquisicione facta per Fratrem Galfridum de
catallis Judeorum, et iterum per Thomam de Neuwerk' et Radull'um
de Leicestria, nulla fuit mencio facta de debitis illis, nee aliquid
inrotulatum nee in Archa inventurn. Unde si vera essent et bona,
deberent esse Domino Regi, et non Judeis. Preterea elicit, quod
desicut nichil continetur vadii pro predictis debitis in dictis cirographis,
nisi tantum modo fides, petit judicium si debeat alicui inde respondere,
necne. Et quia nulla facta fuit mencio in inquisicionibus predictis
de debitis illis, nee aliquid inde inrotulatum nee in Archa inventurn,
consideration est, quod dictus Willelmus respondeat inde Domino
Eegi, si inde respondere debeat. Et dicta cirographa capta sunt in
manum Domini Regis, et posita in . . .! Thome. Et datus est dies
eidem Willelmo a die S. Hillarii in tres septimanas. Postea, eodem
die, postquam dictus Willelmus recessit, protulerunt dicti Judei
quoddam cirographum in quo continetur, quod dictus Willelmus de
Warenne debet Abrahe, filio Avegaye, et Isaac Cirographario xx m.,
unde terminus solucionis fuit ad festum S. Michaelis proximum post
obitum Willelmi de Bleys, Lincolniensis Episcopi, de x m., et ad
Pascha proximum post, x m. ; in quo nichil continetur vadii, nisi ut
supra. Postea datus est dies a die Pasche in unum mensem ad
audiendum judicium suum.
STARRA DE TERMINO PASCHE ANNO TRICESIMO
SEPTIMO.
Elias, films Magistri Mossei,2 recognovit per starrum suum pro se
et pro Pucele, uxore ejus, quod Willelmus, films Philippi de Kyme, et
heredes et antecessores sui, quieti sunt versus eos et heredes suos,
antecessores et pueros suos, de omnibus debitis, querelis, demandis et
plegagiis, a creacione seculi usque ad Pentecosten anno xxxvij0, adeo
bene de debitis, que debebantur Leoni de Eboraco, vel Samueli, filio
1 The lacuna cannot be supplied with daughter of Aaron, son of Abraham, men-
precision, tioned in a Hebrew starr of uncertain date
2 The Chief Eabbi appointed in succes- addressed to the chirographers of Notting-
sion to Aaron of York in 1243. Rot. Lit. ham. It is probable that this Pucelle
Claus. 27-28 Hen. III. m. 2. Cf. Intro- was the Chief Rabbi's wife. Hebrew Deeds
duction, p. xxix supra. The not very of English Jews before 1290, ed. Davis
common name of Pucelle was borne by a (A.-J.H.E.P.) p. 279. Cf. p. 17 infra.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 14
And William comes and says, that as to those debts he is not
bound to answer them, because in the inquests made by Brother
Geoffrey, and again by Thomas de Newark and Ralph de Leicester,
touching the chattels of the Jews, no mention was made, nor aught
inrolled or found in the Chest, touching those debts. Wherefore, if
they were true and good debts, they would belong to our Lord the
King, and not to the Jews. He says, furthermore, that, inasmuch as
in the said chirographs there is nothing in the nature of a gage for
the said debts, except only a pledge of faith, he craves judgment
whether he be bound to answer anyone thereon, or no. And because
no mention was made in the said inquests, nor aught inrolled or found
in the Chest, touching those debts, it is adjudged, that the said William
do answer our Lord the King thereof, if he be bound to answer thereof.
And the said chirographs are taken into the hand of our Lord the
King, and are placed in the care of Thomas. And a day is given the
said William, three weeks from the day of St. Hilary. Afterwards, on
the same day, when the said William was gone, the said Jews produced
a chirograph in which it is contained, that the said William de
Warenne owes Abraham, son of Avegay, and Isaac the Chirographer
20 marks, of which the term of payment was, as to 10 marks thereof,
the feast of St. Michael next after the death of William de Blois,1
Bishop of Lincoln, and, as to the other 10 marks, the Easter next
following ; in which chirograph there is nothing in the nature of a
gage, except as above. Afterwards a day is given, a month after
Easter, to hear their judgment.
STARRS OF EASTER TERM IN THE THIRTY-SEVENTH
YEAR. [a.d. 12,53.]
Elias, son of Master Moses, for himself and his wife Pucelle,
acknowledged by his starr, that William, son of Philip de Kyme, and
his heirs and ancestors, are quit as against them, their ancestors and
children, of all debts, claims, demands and pledgeries, from the
creation of the world to Pentecost in the 37th year, as well of debts
which were owing to Leo of York, or Samuel, his son, as of debts
1 Died 120G. Cf. Walt, de Coventr. (Rolls Ser.) ii. 198.
ib. dorio.
Xorf.
15 SOACCAEIUM JUDEOEUM
ejus, quam de debitis que eis debebantur ; et si cirographiim, tallia vel
aliud instruruentuni inveniatur sub noininibus predictorum factum
ante predictuin terminum, dicti Elias et Pucele, uxor ejus, recogno-
verunt, quod quietum est, et nicbil valeat.
Abraham, filius Mossei et Hak', filius Eliele Evesk',1 recognoverunt
per starrum suum, quod Lucas, filius Thome de Poiniug', militis, et
heredes sui et sui assiguati, quieti sunt versus eos et antecessors
suos et heredes et suos assign atos, de omnibus debitis, querelis et
demandis, et omnibus rebus, que Eobertus Aguilum, quondam heres
Emme de Beufo, debuit eis vel antecessoribus suis, a creacione seculi
usque ad finem ; ita quod ij^si nee heredes sui nee sui assignati nee
aliquis pro eis nichil ulterius exigere poterunt, vel habere, super
terras et tenementa que predictus Lucas habuit, vel habere potuit, de
hereditate dicti Eoberti, nee super alias terras et tenementa que pre-
dictus Lucas et heredes sui vel sui assignati habent, vel habere pote-
runt, occasione vel racione alicujus debiti quod predictus Eobertus
vel Emma predicta, vel antecessores eorum, eis debuerunt vel ante-
cessoribus suis, a creacione seculi usque ad finem. Et insimul
recognoverunt, quod predictus Lucas et heredes sui vel sui assignati
quieti fuerunt de omni debito versus eos et antecessores suos usque
ad secundum diem Junii anno etc. xxxvij°. Et ipsi tenentur de jure
acquietare et defendere predictum Lucam et heredes suos et suos
assignatos contra onines gentes, tarn Christianos quam Judeos, ab
omni predicto debito, ut predictum est, a creacione seculi usque ad
finem. Et omnia predicta recognita predicti Abraham et Hak' recog-
noverunt et in starro illorum in Latinis verbis de littera Ebraica
inanu illorum scripta, et se ipsos 2 sigillaverunt. Et per istud starrum
quoddam cirographum de ccc et 1 m., confectum sub nominibus dicti
Abrahe et Eoberti Aguilum, liberatum fuit dicto Luce per assensum
dicti Judei, eo quod omnes tenentes terras dicti Eoberti ei de porcione
ipsos contingente satisfecerunt.
Aaron, filius Abraham, recognovit per starrum suum, quod de debito
cccxl 1. quas Philippus de Colambers ei debuit, reddendo xxx 1. per
annum, trade primus terminus prime solucionis fuit ad festum
S. Hillarii anno xxxvij", xv 1., et ad festum S. Johannis Baptiste
1 This Elias le Eveske may have been assume that he was the Chief Rabbi,
the father of Meir ben Elia, the poet of Both the name Elias and the office connoted
Norwich. See Q^tTiri Hebraische Poesien by " eveske " were so common among the
des Meir ben Elia aus Norwich, ed. Ber- Jews as to afford no sure ground of
liner. London. 1887. It would be rash to identification. - Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 15
which were owing to them; and should there be found any chirograph,
tally or other instrument made before the said term under the
names of the said Elias and Pucelle, they, the said Elias and Pucelle
his wife, acknowledged, that it is quit, and would be of no validity.
Abraham, son of Moses, and Hak, son of Elias le Eveske, acknow-
ledged by their starr, that Luke, son of Thomas de Poinings, knight,
and his heirs and their assigns, are quit as to them and their
ancestors and heirs and their assigns, of all debts, claims and
demands, and all matters, whicli Eobert Aguillon, late heir of Emma
de Beaufoy, owed them or their ancestors, from the creation to the
end of the world ; so that neither they nor their heirs nor their
assigns nor any one in their behalf may aught further exact or have
upon the lands and tenements which the said Luke had, or could
have had, of the inheritance of the said Eobert, nor upon other lands
and tenements which the said Luke and his heirs or their assigns have,
or may have, by reason or on account of any debt which the said Eobert
or the said Emma, or their ancestors, owed them or their ancestors, from
the creation to the end of the world. And at the same time they
acknowledged, that the said Luke and his heirs or their assigns were
quit of all debt as to them and their ancestors to the second day of
June in the 37th year etc. And they are bound lawfully to acquit
and defend the said Luke and his heirs and their assigns against all
folk, as well Christians as Jews, from all the said debt, from the
creation, as aforesaid, to the end of the world. And all the said
matters the said Abraham and Hak acknowledged by their starr
in Latin words written in the Hebrew character with their own hands,
and thereto set their seal. And by virtue of this starr a chirograph
for 350 marks, made under the names of the said Abraham and Ptobert
Aguillon, was delivered to the said Luke with the assent of the said Jew,
because he was satisfied by all the terre-tenants of the said Pobert
touching the portions of the claim severally resting upon each of them.
Aaron, son of Abraham, acknowledged by his starr, that, whereas
Philip de Columbers l owed him a debt of £340, whereof he was to
pay £30 a year, £15 at the first term of payment, to wit, the feast of St.
Hilary in the 37th year of the reign, and £15 on the feast of St. John
1 Sec Collinson, Somerset, iii. 551.
16 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
proximo sequentis, xv 1. ; et totum predictum debituin cccxl 1.
acquietavit Philippus de Columbers, filius predicti Philippi, per c et
xxx I., videlicet reddendo ad hos terminos, ad quindenam S. Hillarii
anno xliiij0, xv 1., et ad quindenam S. Johannis Baptiste proximo
sequentis xv L, et sic de anno in annum, de termino in terminum,
xxx 1. per annum ad terminos predictos usque ad finem solucionis
predicti debiti c et xxx 1. ; et propter predictam acquietanciam dedit
predictus Philippus, filius dicti Philippi, c in., quas recepit, et unde
quietus est ; et ideo recognovit, quod ipse nee heredes sui nichil
exigere vel clamare poterunt de toto predicto debito cccxl L, nisi exxx I.,
reddendo ad terminos predictos ; et concessum est quod qua hora
predictus Philippus, pater predicti Philippi, venerit apud Londoniam,
et cartam suam voluerit mutare, et componere novam cartam exxx 1.
ad terminos predictos, et ponere in Archa Cirographorum apud
Londoniam secundum Consuetudinem Judaismi, tunc tenetur dictus
Aaron extrahere ab Archa Cirographorum predictum cirographum
cccxl 1. et predicto Philippo quietum reddere. Istud starrum com-
positum fuit die Lune proxima post Ascensionem Domini.
Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego, Aaron, filius Abrahe, Judeus, de
Londonia, dedi, concessi et quietum clamavi et presenti carta mea con-
firmavi Galfrido Godard, civi Londonie, sex marcatas ' et novemdecim
denariatas quieti redditus annui in Civitate Londonie, percipiendas in
locis subscriptis, scilicet, de terra et platea et domo quam Warner de
Walebrok' tenuit in parochia S. Stephani, decern solidos, et de terra
et platea et domo quam Ricardus Marscallus tenuit in eadem
parochia, octo solidos et tres obolos, et de terra et platea et domo
quam Jacobus Le Mazeliner tenet in eadem parochia, decern
solidos et tres obolos, et de tota terra et platea et domibus in
parochia S. Petri Parvi, Lond', que est inter Daneborgate versus
Orientem et terrain Johanuis Persone versus Occidentem, et que
extendit se a vico regio versus Aquilonem et 2 Tamisiam versus
Austrum, quatuor marcatas, scilicet, de terra et platea et domibus et
kaya quas Henricus de Hamme tenet, duas marcatas, et de terra et
platea et domibus et ka}7a quas Willeimus Le Cuner tenet, duas
marcatas (et sciendum est, quod dicte sex marcate et novemdecim
denariate solvi debent ad quatuor anni terminos principales) habendas
et tenendas predicto Galfrido et heredibus suis, et cuicumque dare,
dimittere, legare vel assignare voluerit, et eorum heredibus, de me et
heredibus meis in feodo et hereditate, libere, quiete, bene et in pace
1 See Glossary. - Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.R 1253 16
the Baptist next following ; and by Philip de Columbers, son of the said
Philip, quittance was had of all the said debt of £340 for £130, whereof
he was to make payment at the terms following, to wit, £15 on the quin-
dene of St. Hilary in the 44th year of the reign, and £15 on the quindene
of St. John the Baptist next following, and so year by year, term by
term, £30 a year at the said terms until the end of the payment of
the said debt of £130; and for the said acquittance the said Philip,
son of the said Philip, gave 100 marks, which he, Aaron, received, and
of which he, Philip, is quit ; therefore he, Aaron, acknowledged, that
neither he nor his heirs may aught exact or claim on account of all the
said debt of £340, except £130 by payment at the said terms ; and it
is conceded that when the said Philip, father of the said Philip, shall
come to London, and shall desire to change his charter, and make a
new charter for £130 at the said, terms, and to place it in the
London Chirograph-Chest according to the Custom of Jewry, then
the said Aaron is bound to withdraw from the Chirograph-Chest the
said chirograph for £340, and return it quit to the said Philip. This
starr was made on the Monday next after the Ascension of the Lord.
Know all present and to come, that I, Aaron, son of Abraham, Jew,
of London, have given, granted, quitclaimed and by my present charter
assured to Geoffrey Godard, citizen of London, 6 marcates and 19
denariates of yearly quit-rent in the City of London, to be gotten in the
places underwritten; to wit, from the land, plot and house which Warner
de Walbrook held in the parish of St. Stephen, 10s., and from the land,
plot and house which Richard Marshall held in the same parish, 8s. l|d.,
and from the land, plot and house which James Le Mazeliner holds in
the same parish, 10s. l^d., and from all the land, plot and houses in
the parish of St. Peter Parvus,1 London, being between Daneborgate
towards the East and the land of John Parson towards the West, and
extending from King Street towards the North and to the Thames
towards the South, 4 marcates, to wit, from the land, plot, houses
and quay which Henry de Hamme holds, 2 marcates, and from the
land, plot, houses and quay which William Le Cuner holds, 2 mar-
cates (and be it known, that the said 6 marcates and 19 denariates
are payable at the four principal terms of the year) to have and to
hold to the said Geoffrey and his heirs, and to whomsoever he shall
give, demise, bequeath or assign them, and their heirs, of me and my
heirs in fee and inheritance, freely, quietly, well and in peace for ever ;
1 St. Peter's, Paul's Wharf. Stow, Survey of London, ed. Strype, Book iii. 114.
D
17 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
in perpetuum ; reddendo inde annuatim Andree de La Breth' unum
denarium, vel unum par cirothecarum albarum, ad Pascha, vel here-
dibus suis, et Laurentio, filio Willelmi, filii Benedicti, vel heredibus
suis, duos denarios per annum ad Pascha, pro omnibus servitiis, con-
suetudinibus et demandis, et rebus cunctis sine occasione aliqua;
ita tamen quod ego, Aaron predictus, nee heredes mei nee aliquis per
nos vel pro nobis, aliquid in dictis sex marcatis et novemdecim dena-
riatis annui et quieti redditus exigere, capere, habere nee clamare
poterimus in perpetuum. Et ad majorem hujus carte securitatem
ego, Aaron predictus, pro me et heredibus meis, sursum reddidimus
et restituimus dicto Galfrido omnes cartas quas habui penes me super
predictis sex marcatis et novemdecim denariatis annui et quieti
redditus, confectas de dicto Andrea et Willelmo de Marny, cum omnibus
viribus suis. Pro hac autem donacione, concessione, dimissione et
quieta clamancia, et presentis carte confirmacione, dedit michi predic-
tus Galfridus quinquaginta et quinque marcas argenti in gersumam.
In cujus rei testimonium presentem cartam meo sigillo sigillavi,
hiis testibus : Dominis Willelmo Le Breton, Johanne de Wyvill,
Simone Passelewe, Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeonmi assignatis ;
Johanne de Tolossano, tunc Majore Londonie, et Willelmo de Donholm
et Thoma de Wimborn', Vicecomitibus Londonie ; Adam de Basinges,
alderman ; Thoma filio Bicardi, alderman, et Alexandro Le Ferun,
alderman ; Thoma de Donholm, alderman ; Odone, fabro ; Johanne
Adrion, draperio ; Willelmo filio Bogeri ; Austino de Hadestok' ;
Beginaldo Le Bucher ; Jolano, filio Thome de Donelm ; Willelmo
de H . . . . ; Badulfo de Cantuaria, clerico, et aliis.1
PLACITA A DIE PASCHE IN QUINDECIM DIES.
Rot 6, m. 2. Diaie, filius Soleil, Judeus, Wintonie, fecit summonere Henricum de
Sutn. m
Farligth', Vicecomitem Suthamtescire, de placito, quod ei reddat nij
coclearia de precio iiij s., unam robam de precio j m.. unam capam de
bluueto 1 de precio iiij s., unam ollam eneam de precio v s., unum
1 See Glossary.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 17
paying thereout yearly to Andrew de La Breth' or his heirs, Id., or
one pair of white gloves, at Easter, and to Laurence, son of William,
son of Benedict, or his heirs, 2d. a year at Easter, in lieu of all services,
customs and demands, and all matters whatsoever without any let ; so
nevertheless that neither I, the said Aaron, nor my heirs, nor any one
through us or for us, may aught exact, take, have or claim in the said
G marcates and 19 denariates of yearly quit-rent for ever. And for the
greater security of this charter I, the said Aaron, for me and my heirs,
have surrendered and restored to the said Geoffrey all the charters
which I had touching the said 6 marcates and 19 denariates of yearly
quit-rent, made touching the said Andrew and William de Marny, with
all their powers. For this gift, grant, demise and quitclaim, and the
assurance thereof hy the present charter, the said Geoffrey has given
me 55 marks of silver by way of fine. In witness whereof I have
sealed this present charter with my seal, in the presence of the follow-
ing witnesses : to wit, Sir William Le Breton, Sir John de Wyvill, Sir
Simon Passelewe, Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews ; John
de Tolossan, then Mayor of London, and William de Donholm and
Thomas de Wimborne, Sheriffs of London ; Adam de Basinges,
alderman ; Thomas FitzKichard, alderman, and Alexander Le Ferun,
alderman ; Thomas de Donholm, alderman ; Odo, smith ; John Adrion,
draper ; William FitzRoger ; Austin of Hadstock ; Reginald Butcher ;
Jolan, son of Thomas of Donelm ; William of H .... ; Ralph of
Canterbury, clerk, and others.1
PLEAS OF EASTER QUINDENE.
Diaia, son of Soleil, Jew, of Winchester, caused summon Henry
de Farley, Sheriff of Hampshire, touching a plea, that he should
return him four spoons of the value of 4s., a robe of the value of
1 mark, a cape of bluet of the value of 4s., a brazen pot of the
1 Aaron, son of Abraham, was the recog- III., m. G, 7; 44 Hen. HI., m. 9. The
nised ' socius ' or associate of the Chief name of the Lord Mayor, which is sonie-
Eabbi at the Exchequer, where at this date what puzzling, but suggests that his
only three other Jews, Abraham, son of ancestors came from Toulouse, is given as
Vives, who succeeded Abraham, son of Tulesan in De Antiq. Leg. (Camden Soc.)
Muriel, as ' clericus Regis ' in 1249, Jacob p. 18. Donholm may perhaps be identified
le Eveske, and Jacob, son of Fiuria, were with Downham, Norfolk, and Donelm is
permitted to hold subordinate office. probably a mere variant for Dunelm,
He was thus a person of some civic Durham,
consequence. Hot. Lit. Claus. 38 Hen.
i.i bis. solv'
18 SCACCAIMUM JUDEOEUM
librum Ebraicum qui vocatur Gamaliel, de precio xx s., Glozas cle
Quinque Libris Moysis de precio v s., unum ciphum de mazre de
precio v s., et unum librum continentem Quinque Libros Moysis,
sicut etc. ; que omnia dictus Diaie tradidit dicto Henrico pro tallagio
suo, quod Domino Eegi debuit, ad Quadragesimam anno xxxvjt0, unde
ei postea satisfecit ; et que omnia predicta dictus Fenricus ei injuste
detinet ad dampnum suum, c s.
Et dictus Henricus venit et defendit vim etc. et quandam
veritatem recognoscit ; que talis est, quod dictus Judeus in arreragio
tenebatur de xxxij s. iiij d. occasione tallagii sui de terminis prius
preteritis, et insimul de xxv s. ad dictam Quadragesimam ; unde
postea satisfecit, et nondum de predictis xxxij s. iiij d., pro quibus dicta
vadia ei tradidit custodienda et vendenda nisi inde satisfaceret ad
diem in quodam starro contentum inde Yicecomiti predicto facto,
preter unum librum de Quinque Libris Moysis de precio x s., quern
cepit pro tallagio Bonevie de Nyweb', qui tallatus fuit in dimidia
marca, unde nondum satisfecit. Et dictus Henricus, Vicecomes,
protulit starrum in quo continebatur, quod dictus Judeus predicta
vadia ei spontanea voluntate sua dicta vadia tradidit ad vendendum
nisi ei satisfecisset ad festum S. Trinitatis anno etc. xxxvjt0 de xxvj s.
Et Judeus venit, et recognovit se fecisse dictum starrum, set ad illud
faciendum compulsus fuit per Vicecomitem predictum ; super quo
optulit sectam ; qui examinati fuerunt, et inde testimonium perbibere
noluerunt. Ideo ad judicium, quod Judeus pro falso clamore in
misericordia, ct pro falso testimonio quod optulit super Vicecomitis
summonicionem corpus ejus committitur in prisonam. Postea
ct (,11101- ct. finivifc per c|uo bisancia, que solvit, et quietus est.
Willelmus de Insula fecit venire Abrabam Eussell, Judeum,
Wiltonie, ad compotum cum eodem Willelmo de debito quod ab eo
exigere poterit occasione terrarum Eogeri de Molendino in Mannesbrig',
quas tenet. Et dictus Abraham venit et protulit unum cirographum
de viij m. confectum sub nomine suo et dicti Eogeri, reddendis ad
Pascha anno etc. xxxvjt0 ; actum in vigilia Apostolorum Philippi et
Jacobi anno xxxvt0. Et per istud cirographum exigit dictus Abraham
totum dictum debitum cum lucro super dictas terras. Et Willelmus
venit et dixit, quod ad istud debitum non tenetur respondere, eo quod
ipse ante dictum actum de dictis terris in Mannesbrig' fuit feofatus ;
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 IS
value of 5s., a Hebrew book entitled Gamaliel of the value of 20s.,
Glosses on the Five Books of Moses of the value of 5s., a bowl of
mazer- wood of the value of 5s., and a book containing the Five Books
of Moses, as etc. ; all which chattels the said Diaia delivered to the
said Henry in Lent in the 36th year of the reign, as gages for the
talliage which he owed our Lord the King, and which he afterwards
paid ; and all which chattels the said Henry unlawfully detains
against him, to his damage, 100s.
And the said Henry comes and defends the force etc. and
acknowledges a certain truth in the claim ; to wit, that in Lent
aforesaid the Jew owed an arrear of 32s. 4d. on account of talliages of
times past, and also 25s. which then fell due ; which he has since
paid, but has not yet paid the 32s. 4d., for which he delivered to him
the said gages to be kept and sold if he should make default in
payment at the time contained in a starr made thereof to him,
the said Sheriff, besides a book of the Five Books of Moses of the
value of 10s., which he took as gage for the talliage of Bonevie of
Newbury, who was talliaged in ^ mark, and has not yet paid it.
And the said Henry, Sheriff, produced a starr in which it was con-
tained, that the said Jew of his own free will delivered the said gages
to him to be sold in default of payment of 26s. at the feast of Holy
Trinity in the 36th year of the reign. And the Jew came, and
acknowledged that he made the said starr, but alleged that he was
forced to make it by the said Sheriff, and in proof thereof offered
suit. And the witnesses were examined, and would not bear testimony
thereof. So to judgment, that the Jew is in mercy for a false claim,
and for the false witness which he brought upon his summons of the
Sheriff his body is committed to prison. He afterwards made fine in
two bezants, which he paid, and is quit.
William de Lisle brought Abraham Russell, Jew, of Wilton, to
account touching a debt demandable by him of the said William as
incident upon the lands of Roger of the Mill in Malmesbury, which he
holds. And the said Abraham came and produced a chirograph made
under the names of himself and the said Boger for 8 marks, payable
at Easter in the 36th year of the reign ; dated on the vigil of the
Apostles Philip and James in the 35th year. And by this chirograph
the said Abraham demands all the said debt with interest upon gage
of the said lands. And William came and said, that he is not bound
to answer this debt, because he was himself enfeoffed of the said
lands in Malmesbury before the said deed was made, and that, how-
Sutli
19 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
et hide se posuit super inquisicionem patrie, et super Cirographarios
Wiltonie, quod istud cirographum, qualitercumque fuit factum, nondum
appositum fuit in Arclia Cirographorum, nisi post feofamentura suum
eideni Willelrno factum. Ideo preceptum est, quod fiat inquisicio per
patriam de feofamento predicto ; et preceptum est Cirographariis,
quod ipsi ad eundem diem scire faciant, quo die dictum cirographum
fuit in Archa Cirographorum appositum. Et veniat inquisicio in
octabis S. Trinitatis. Ad diem venit de predicto feofamento in-
quisicio, et Abraham predictus non venit. Ideo preceptum est, quod
Vicecomes venire faciat ipsum Abraham in octabis S. Michaelis ad
audiendum recordum et judicium etc. Et dictus Willelmus ponit loco
suo Johannem Le Yres ; et insimul dictus Judeus sit responsurus
quare non servavit etc.
A DIE PASCHE IN TRES SEPTIMANAS.
5. Thomas, filius Thome de Cherlecote, per breve de compoto venire
fecit Licoriciam, Judeam, Wintonie, ad compotum cum eodem Thoma
de debito patris sui ; et preceptum fuit Licoricie quod haberet ciro-
grapha, taillias, per que etc. Que venit et protulit unum cirographum,
sub nomine suo et predicti Thome confectum, de cccc 1., reddendis ad
festum S. Michaelis anno etc. xxxviij0. Et pro hoc termino dictarum
cccc 1. habendo dabit ei infra sex annos precedentes singulis anni3 xx m.
ad duos anni terminos, videlicet, ad Pascha anno etc. xxxiij0 x m., et
ad festum S. Michaelis x m., et sic de anno in annum et termino in
terminum usque ad finem dictorum sex annorum, quolibet anno xx m.
ad duos terminos predictos ; et si aliquem terminum preterierit, dabit
singulis septimanis ei ij d. de lucro ad libram pro terminis quos ha-
bere poterit ; et eodem modo, si terminum dictarum cccc 1. preterierit,
dabit ei singulis septimanis ij d. de lucro ad libram pro terminis quos
habere poterit ; et si ita contigerit quod infra sex annos predictos
decesserit, xl diebus post obi turn suum elapsis licebit dicte Licoricie
recuperare totum debitum predictum cccc 1. super heredes suos sine
collacione alicujus termini, et eos distringere pro dicto debito,
fenerando libra qualibet septimana ij d. pro terminis quos inde
habere poterunt. Et ideo invadiavit omnes terras suas, redditus et
catalla, que prius fuerant vadia sua pro quodam debito ixxx 1., quod
nunquam fuit acquietatum ; uncle debitum istud emergit ; videlicet,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AT). 1253 19
ever it may have been made, it was not placed in the Chirograph-
Chest until after the feoffment made to him, William ; and as to this
he put himself upon inquest of the country and upon the Chiro-
graphers of Wilton. It is therefore ordered, that an inquest of the
country be had touching that feoffment, and that the Chirographers
do on the same day certify the day on which the said chirograph was
placed in the Chest. And let the inquest come on the octave of Holy
Trinity. On the day appointed the inquest touching the said feoff-
ment came, but the said Abraham did not come. It is therefore ordered,
that the Sheriff do cause Abraham to come on the octave of St. Michael
to hear the record and the judgment etc. And the said William puts
in his place John Le Yres ; and let the said Jew be ready at the
same time to answer why he did not keep his day etc.
EASTER THREE WEEKS.
Thomas, son of Thomas de Charlecote, by writ of account brought
Licorice, Jewess, of Winchester, to account with the said Thomas
touching a debt of his father ; and Licorice was ordered that she have
with her the chirographs and tallies, by which etc. Licorice came
and produced a chirograph, made under her own name and the name
of the said Thomas, for £400, payable on the feast of St. Michael in
the 38th year of the reign. And in the chirograph it is contained, that
for this term of payment of the said £400 he is to give her during the
preceding six years 20 marks a year, at two terms of the year, to wit,
10 marks at Easter and 10 marks at Michaelmas in the 33rd year,
and so year by year and term by term to the end of the said six years,
every year 20 marks at the two said terms ; and should he miss any
term, then he is to give her every week 2d. on the pound interest for
such terms as he may have ; and in like manner, should he miss the
term of payment of the said £400, he is to give her every week 2d. on
the pound interest for such terms as he may have ; and should it so
happen that he die during the said six years, then, after the lapse of
forty days from his death, it shall be lawful for the said Licorice to
recover all the said debt of £400 from his heirs, no further term being
allowed; and to distrain them for the said debt, taking interest
thereon at the rate of 2d. on the pound a week for such terms as they
may have in regard thereto. And so in gage therefor he gave her all
his lands, rents and chattels, which had already been given her in gage
for a debt of £180, which was never acquit ; from which debt this debt
20 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
de anno regni Regis Henrici etc. xxxj0 ; et hoc pro se et heredibus
suis affidavit, et sigillo suo confirmavit : actum in vigilia Exaltacionis
S. Crucis anno etc. xxxij0. Et iterum aliud cirographum profert de
lxl. etc., reddendo inde ad Pascha anno xxxiij0 xll., et ad festum
S. Michaelis proximo sequens xxl. ; et in eodem cirographo continetur,
quod si dictus Thomas tunc non reddiderit, dabit singulis septimanis
ij d. de lucro ad libram pro terminis quos habere poterit. Et propter
hoc invadiavit omnes terras suas, redditus et catalla, et hoc ei affidavit
et heredibus suis pro se et heredibus suis, et sigillo suo confirmavit :
actum in crastino Exaltacionis S. Crucis anno etc. xxxij0.
Et predicta Licoricia de Thoma, filio Thome de Cherlecote, dicta
debita in duobus cirographis contenta cum lucro exigit, salvo tamen
quod ipsa eidem Thome allocabit omne illud quod perceperit de bonis
et catallis dicti Thome, clebitoris sui, post mortem ipsius Thome, in
seisina quam habuit de terris et catallis ipsius Thome pro predictis
debitis.
Et idem Thomas venit et dicit, quod ad cirographum cccc 1. non
tenetur respondere, quia in eodem cirographo continetur, quod dictum
debitum cccc 1. emergit de quodam debito ixxx 1. quod nunquam fuit
acquietatum, videlicet, de anno etc. xxxj0 ; et dictum cirographum
ccccl. confectum fuit in vigilia Exaltacionis etc. anno etc. xxxij0, et in
tarn parvo tempore de ixxx 1. emergere non potuerunt cccc 1., desicut
pro libra Judeus secundum Statuta Judaismi percipere non potest
nisi tantummodo ij d. de lucro pro terminis quos habere poterit, et sic
istud cirographum contra Statuta predicta restat confectum ; unde
petit sibi judicium etc.
Ad hoc responsum fuit per dictam Licoriciam, quod modo debito
confectum est dictum cirographum, quum illud confectum fuit in
vigilia Exaltacionis S. Crucis anno etc. xxxij0, et terminus solucionis
de dictis cccc 1. solvendis restat ad festum S. Michaelis anno etc.
xxxviij0, et sic de dictis ixxx 1. reddendis anno xxxj0 cum lucro inde
emergere potuerunt cccc 1. infra predictum tempus per ij d. de lucro
singulis septimanis per annum.
Ad hoc responsum fuit per dictum Thomam, quod dictum ciro-
graphum debito modo non est confectum, desicut in eodem cirographo
continetur, quod dictus Thomas debet dicte Licoricie dictas cccc 1.
reddendas ad festum S. Michaelis anno predicto, et insimul in eodem
cirographo continetur, quod si dictus Thomas infra sex annos decesserit,
qui in anno xxxiij0 decessit, tunc bene licebit dicte Licoricie xl diebus
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1253 20
arises, to wit, in the 31st year of the reign of King Henry etc. ; and
thereto for himself and his heirs he pledged faith and confirmed the
same by his seal ; under date the vigil of the Exaltation of the Holy
Cross in the 32nd year of the reign. And she also produces another
chirograph, for £60 etc., whereof he was to pay £40 at Easter in the
33rd year and £20 at Michaelmas next following ; and in the same
chirograph it is contained, that should the said Thomas make default
in payment, he is to give every week 2d. on the pound interest for the
terms which he may have. And so he gave in gage all his lands, rents
and chattels, and to her and her heirs pledged faith for himself and
his heirs, and confirmed it by his seal : under date the morrow of the
Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the 32nd year of the reign.
And the said Licorice demands of Thomas, son of Thomas de
Charlecote, the said debts contained in the two chirographs with
interest, so nevertheless that she will allow the said Thomas in
account whatsoever she may have gotten of the goods and chattels of
the said Thomas, her debtor, since his death, during the seisin which
she has had of his lands and chattels for the said debts.
And the said Thomas comes and says, that he is not bound to
answer the debt of £400, because in the chirograph in which it is
contained, it is also contained, that the said debt of £400 arises from
a debt of £180 which was never acquit, to wit, from a debt of the 31st
year of the reign ; and the said chirograph for £400 was made on the
vigil of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the 32nd year of the reign,
and in so brief a time £400 could not arise from £180, inasmuch as
by the Statutes of Jewry a Jew cannot take more than 2d. on the
pound interest for the terms which he may have, and so this chirograph
is made against the said Statutes ; wherefore he craves judgment, etc.
To this the said Licorice made answer, that the said chirograph
is duly made, since it was made on the vigil of the Exaltation of the
Holy Cross in the 32nd year of the reign, and the term of payment
of the said £400 is Michaelmas in the 38th year of the reign, and so
from the said £180 payable with interest in the 31st year there might
arise within the said time, by interest at the rate by the year of 2d.
on the pound a week, a debt of £400.
To this the said Thomas made answer that the said chirograph is
not duly made, inasmuch as in the said chirograph it is contained,
that the said Thomas owes the said Licorice the said £400 payable at
Michaelmas in the said year, and also in the said chirograph it is
contained, that should the said Thomas die within six years (and the
said Thomas died in the 33rd year) then it shall be lawful for the
21 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORTTM
elapsis post obituni suuru recuperare totum predictum debituni cccc 1.
super heredes suos, cum illud debituni emergere non potuit de dicto
debito ixxx L, licet sic continetur in eodem cirographo. Et iterum in
eodein cirographo continetur, quod pro termino dictarum cccc I.
habendo daret dictus Thomas dicte Judee infra sex annos precedentes
singulis annis xx m. ad duos anni terminos, prout in dicto cirographo
continetur, usque ad finem vj annorum, et si aliquem terminum de
dictis terminis preterisset, daret singulis septimanis ij d. de lucro,
quod quidem in eodem cirographo continetur de dictis cccc 1., et sic
usurant dicte xx m., que sunt de lucro, ac si essent de sorte, quod
est contra Statuta Judaismi.
Insimul responsum fuit per dictum Thomam, quod cito postquam
fuit dictum cirographum confectum, maliciose interfectus fuit dictus
Thomas, quod factum dicta Licoricia imposuit super Thomam de
Cherlecote, senescallum dicti Thome, qui habuit in custodia sua
sigillum ejusdem Thome, et qui quidem Thomas dictum cirographum
fieri fecit ea occasione ut ipsa Licoricia ei pacem hide habere permitte-
ret ; et hoc ad heredes dicti Thome exheritandos fecit ; unde idem
Thomas in Curia Domini Eegis pro dicto sigillo in custodia sua detento
implacitatus fuit; qui illud parumper ante Natale Domini anno
xxxvij0 reddit ; et idem Thomas cum dicta Licoricia stetit in seisina
quam habuit de terris dicti Thome tanquam serviens suus ; et quod
istud sit veruni dat dictus Thomas Domino Eegi dim. m. auri,
quod Veritas hide possit attingi, et quod clericus cirograph' venire
poterit coram Justiciariis, qui dictum cirographum scripsit, videlicet,
Petrus, una cum aliis clericis cirograph' et Custodibus Arche Ciro-
graphorum Wintonie, ad veritatem attingendam ; et recipitur.
Ad cirographum lx 1. responsum fuit per dictum Thomam, quod
debituni illud contradicere non potuit : set dicta Licoricia seisinam de
terris et catallis ad festum S. Michaelis anno xxxiij0 cepit, et huc-
usque est in seisina de eisdem terris pro xx 1., quas exigebat de dictis
lx 1. ; et per prisas quas ipsa in seisina sua percepit quietus est dictus
Thomas de predicto debito lxl., quum magis superant prise per ipsam
facte quam ad valenciam lx 1., et pro tarn parvo cepit seisinam ad
decepcionem, pro bisanciis etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1253 21
said Licorice, after the lapse of forty days from his decease, to recover
all the said debt of ^400 from his heirs, whereas that debt could not
arise from the said debt of £180, though it is so contained in the said
chirograph. And again in the said chirograph it is contained, that
for having the term of payment of the said £400 the said Thomas
should give the said Jewes3 during the six years preceding 20 marks
at two terms of the year, as it is contained in the said chirograph, to
the end of the six years, and that, should he miss any one of the said
terms, he should give interest at the rate of 2d. on the pound a week,
the same rate which is contained in the said chirograph for the said
£400, and so the said 20 marks, which are interest, bear interest as if
they were principal, which is against the Statutes of Jewry.
The said Thomas also made answer, that shortly after l the said
chirograph was made, the said Thomas, his father, was maliciously put
to death, which deed the said Licorice laid to the charge of Thomas
of Charlecote, the said Thomas's seneschal, who had the said Thomas's
seal in his custody, and caused the said chirograph to be made to the
end that Licorice might leave him in peace, and to the disherison of the
heirs of the said Thomas ; wherefore the said Thomas the seneschal
was impleaded in our Lord the King's Court for detinue of the said
seal, and surrendered it shortly before Christmas in the 37th year of
the reign ; and the said Thomas the seneschal had the seisin which
he had with the said Licorice of the lands of the said Thomas as his
Serjeant ; and as to this the said Thomas gives our Lord the King
■i mark of gold, that the truth thereof may be attaint, and that the
chirograph-clerk may come before the Justices, to wit, Peter, who
wrote the chirograph, with the other chirograph -clerks and the
Keepers of the Chirograph-Chest of Winchester, that the truth may be
attaint ; and it is accepted.
As to the chirograph for £60 the said Thomas made answer, that
he could not deny that debt, but that the said Licorice took seisin of
the lands and chattels at Michaelmas in the 33rd year of the reign,
and is still seised thereof for £20, which she demanded on account
of the said £60 : and by the prises which, being so seised, she has
taken the said Thomas is quit of the said debt of £60, since the
prises so taken by her greatly exceed the value of £60 ; and he adds
that she took seisin for so small a sum fraudulently by reason of the
bezants etc.2
1 This is evidently ironical. The sugges- her claim as only £20 in order that she
tion is that the chirograph was forged after might have the less poundage to pay to
the murder. the King. See Introduction, p. xxxv.
2 He means that Licorice represented
22 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Et Licoricia venit et bene recognovit, quod ipsa cepit seisinam cle
predictis terris pro predicto debito, set in seisina sua nondum cepit
nisi xxx 1. Et dictus Thomas super hoc petiit judicium, desicut
recognovit se recepisse dicta Licoricia xxx 1. et dictam seisinam
nondum cepit nisi pro xx 1., et postea pro eisdem xx 1., ut predictum
est, in seisina de predictis terris restat contra etc. Ad hoc responsum
fuit per dictam Licoriciam, quod per breve Domini Kegis factum ad
Scaccarium Judeorum et per litteras Domini Eegis patentes hucusque
est in seisina de dictis terris, quam cepit super custodem, et pro
litteris patentibus habendis dedit ilia bisancia Domino Eegi, que
solvisse debuit ad Scaccarium ; set quo anno cepit dictam seisinam,
hoc nescivit dicta Licoricia.
Ad predictam seisinam responsum fuit per dictum Thomam, quod
nusquam cepit predictam seisinam super custodem suum, set protinus
ad festum S. Michaelis predictum post mortem patris sui cepit pre-
dictam seisinam quam habet; unde petit judicium etc. Et quia de
dicto anno dicta Judea nescivit veritatem, ideo preceptum est Vice-
comiti Warrewic', quod per sacramentum xij liberorum etc. inquirat
quid et quantum dicte terre in Cherlecote valeant per annum, et quid
et quantum dictus Thomas in villa de Cherlecote habuit in dominicis
redditibus et villenagiis serviciis, et quid valeant per annum, salvo
servicio dominorum feodi ; inquirat eciam quo anno dicta Judea
cepit dictam seisinam ; et veniat inquisicio in octabis S. Trinitatis ;
et Vicecomes habeat ad eundem diem breve Domini Eegis si quod
recepit ad dictam seisinam faciendam ; et eundem diem habet
suth. ct Licoricia de litteris suis patentibus habendis. Plegii, Hak' de
Wigornia et Mosseus Herefordie. Et ad eundem diem preceptum
est, quod Cirographarii et clerici cirograph' Wintonie veniant ad
certificandum Justiciarios de dicto cirographo cccc 1. confecto, et
ad respondendum eisdem Justiciariis super hiis unde ipsi eos ex
parte Domini Eegis convenirent, et quod ipsi habeant similiter
omnia cirographa, tallias etc. sub nomine dicti Thome in Archa Ciro-
graphorum inventa. Ad diem venit dicta Licoricia, et protulit litteras
Domini Eegis patentes in hec verba :-— Henricus, Dei gratia etc.
omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis, ad quos presentes littere pervenerint,
salutem : — Sciatis quod concessimus Licoricie, Judee, de Wintonia,
quod habeat plenam seisinam de omnibus terris, redditibus et tene-
mentis, que fuerunt Thome de Cherlecote, que sunt vadia ipsius
Warr.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 22
And Licorice came and admitted, that she took seisin of the
said lands for the said debt, but denied that, being so seised, she
has yet taken more than £30. And the said Thomas thereupon
craved judgment, for that the said Licorice acknowledged that she
took the said seisin for only £20, and had received £30, and is still
seised of the said lands for the same £20 against etc. To this the
said Licorice made answer, that she was and is seised of the lands by
virtue of our Lord the King's writ made at the Exchequer of the Jews
and our Lord the King's letters patent, having taken seisin over a
guardian, and that she gave bezants to our Lord the King to have
the letters patent, and must have paid the bezants at the Exchequer ;
but she could not say in what year she took the said seisin.
As to the said seisin the said Thomas made answer, that she
certainly did not take it over his guardian, but took the seisin
which she has at Michaelmas aforesaid, straightway after the
death of his father ; and as to that he craves judgment etc.
And as the said Jewess could not speak with exactitude as to
the said year, therefore the Sheriff of Warwickshire is commanded
that by the oath of twelve free men, etc. he inquire what and
how much the said lands in Charlecote may be worth by the year,
and what and how much the said Thomas had in the vill of
Charlecote in demesne rents and villan services, and what they may
be worth by the year, saving the service of the lords of the fee ; and
that he do also inquire in what year the said Jewess took the said
seisin ; and let the said inquest come on the octave of Holy Trinity ;
and let the Sheriff have on the same day our Lord the King's writ if
he received any writ to effect the said seisin ; and Licorice has the
same day to have her letters patent. Pledges, Hak of Worcester and
Moses of Hereford. And it is commanded, that on the same day the
Chirographers and the chirograph-clerks of Winchester do come to
certify the Justices of the making of the said chirograph for £400,
and to answer to the same Justices touching the matters for which
the Justices may convene them on the part of our Lord the King, and
that they do likewise have all the chirographs, tallies etc. found in
the Chirograph -Chest under the name of the said Thomas. On the
day appointed came the said Licorice, and produced letters patent of
our Lord the King to the effect following : — Henry, by God's grace,
etc. to all his bailiffs and lieges, to whom the present letters may
come, greeting : — Know that We have granted to Licorice, Jewess, of
Winchester, that she have full seisin of all the lands, rents and
tenements which belonged to Thomas de Charlecote, which she,
23 SCACCAKIUM JUDEORUM
Licoricie, et quod inde non disseisietur donee debita que ei debentur
super ea ei plene reddantur, vel per judicium Curie Domini Eegis inde
fuerit disseisita. In cujus rei testimonium dictas litteras dicte
Licoricie fieri fecimus patentes. Teste ipso Eege apud Westmona-
sterium, xxviij0 die Jan. anno regni ejusdem xxxiiij0.
Eequisitum fuit a predicta Licoricia, utrum ipsa ceperit seisinam
predictam pro debito cccc I. et pro debito lx 1. vel pro parte ; que
respondit, quod pro toto debito predicto per dictas litteras patentes.
Ad hoc responsum fuit per dictum Thomam, quod in primis per dictas
litteras predictam seisinam non habuit, prout continetur in inquisicione
facta assensu utriusque partis, quum ipsa cepit dictam seisinam pro
xx 1., sicut supra continetur, et in eadem inquisicione continetur, quod
ipsa habuit dictam seisinam ad festum S. Andree Apostoli anno etc.
xxxiiij0, et in eadem seisina cepit de bonis et catallis dicti Thome
c 1. vj s. et vij d. ; et terre dicti Thome valent per annum xx 1., salvo
servicio etc. ; que omnia dictus Thomas sibi petit allocari, et quod
ipsa respondeat Domino Kegi de bisanciis, que superant ad xlvj 1. ad
minus per recognicionem dicte Licoricie, desicut habuit seisinam, ut
dicit, pro toto debito predicto, et in primis recognovit quod seisinam
non habuit nisi pro xx 1., et desicut in predicta seisina impetravit
dicta Licoricia predictas litteras patentes ac si non esset in aliqua
seisina. Ad diem venerunt Cirographarii et recognoverunt super
sacramentum suum, quod dictus Thomas de Cherlecote venit apud
Wintoniam, et fieri fecit dicta cirographa, que ipsi protulerunt coram
Justiciariis ; scilicet, Johannes Edgar, Petrus, clericus cirograph',
Benedictus de Herefordia, et Deulegard Exonie ; set Hugo Silves-
ter, qui fuit cirographarius, nuper obiit. Eequisitum fuit si dictus
Petrus predicta cirographa scripsit, et idem Petrus hoc concessit.
Eequisitum fuit de eodem, quare ilia scripsit contra Statuta Judaismi ;
qui dixit, quod ilia scripsit per quoddam exemplar quod Licoricia in
manibus suis protulit. Eequisitum fuit a dictis Cirographariis, quare
ipsi dicta cirographa confecta contra Statuta Judaismi in Archa Ciro-
graphorum posuerunt ; qui dixerunt, quod per tradicionem dicti Thome
et dicti Petri, clerici, et coram eis lecta non fuerunt antequam in Archa
predicta fuerunt apposita etc. ; postea venit predictus Thomas plene
etatis, et petiit seisinam de terris quondam patris sui, de quibus dicta
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 23
Licorice, has as gages, and that she be not thereof disseised until the
debts which are due to her upon them be fully paid her, or she be
thereof disseised by judgment of the King's Court. In witness
whereof We have caused the said letters patent to be made for behoof
of the said Licorice. Witness the King himself at Westminster, on
the 28th clay of January in the 34th year of his reign.
The said Licorice was asked, whether she took the said seisin for
the two debts of £400 and £60 or for a part thereof ; and she answered,
that she took seisin for the whole of the said debt by the said letters
patent. To this the said Thomas made answer, that it was not by
the said letters patent that she had the said seisin in the first instance
(and so it is recorded in the inquest taken by consent of both parties),
since she took the said seisin for £20 (and so it is recorded as above) ,
and in the said inquest it is recorded, that she had the said seisin on
the feast of St. Andrew the Apostle in the 34th year of the reign,
and being so seised she took of the goods and chattels of the said
Thomas £100 6s. 7d. ; and the lands of the said Thomas are of the
yearly value of £20, saving the service of the lords of the fee ; all
which the said Thomas craves may be allowed in his favour, and
that she may answer to our Lord the King for the bezants, which
amount to £46 at the least by the admission of the said Licorice,
seeing that she had seisin, as she says, for the whole debt, and in
the first instance she acknowledged that she was seised for no more
than £20, and seeing that, being so seised, she sued out the said
letters patent as if she were not seised at all. On the day appointed
the Chirographers came and acknowledged upon their oath, that the
said Thomas de Charlecote came to Winchester, and there caused to
be made the said chirographs, which they produced before the
Justices. The Chirographers were John Edgar, Peter, chirograph-
clerk, Benedict of Hereford, and Deulegard of Exeter (Hugh Silves-
ter, formerly chirographer, was recently dead). It was asked
whether the said Peter wrote the said chirographs, and the said Peter
admitted that he had done so. He was also asked how he came to
write them against the Statutes of Jewry, and he answered that he
wrote them after an exemplar which Licorice handed to him. The
said Chirographers were asked how they came to place the said chiro-
graphs made against the Statutes of Jewry in the Chirograph-Chest,
and they said that they did so on delivery by the said Thomas and
the said Peter, the clerk, and that they were not read in their presence
before they were placed in the said Chest etc. ; and afterwards the said
Thomas came of full age, and claimed seisin of the lands which were
24 SCACCAEIUM JUDEOEUM
Licoricia cepit seisinani, sicut ipsa supra recognovit, videlicet super
custodem suum, pro xx 1. de debito dicti Thome, dum fait infra etatem.
Super quibus adjudicatum fuit, quod dictus Thomas de predictis terris
habeat plenam seisinam, salvo tamen quod dicta Licoricia habeat
omnia blada sua super dictas terras seminata, et instaurum suum,
cum omnibus aliis catallis suis in predictis terris inventis, eo quod
catalla Judeorum sunt Domini Regis propria ; l licet dicta Licoricia
sustinere voluit per litteras Domini Eegis patentes supra inrotulatas,
quod de predictis terris pro debitis predictis in seisina remanere
debuit, donee etc., vel quod disseisita esset per judicium Curie Domini
Regis ; quod quidem sibi valere non potuit, desicufc ipsa pro se nichil
aliud habuit, quum secundum justiciam Dominus Rex concedere non
poterit, quod aliquis Judeus seisinam habeat super heredem debitoris
sui, cum fuerit plene etatis, per litteras suas de seisina eidem Judeo
confectas, desicut dictus heres, secundum Statuta Judaismi, summoneri
debeat in primo ad respondendum de debito patris sui. Preterea adjudi-
catum fuit quod dictus Thomas cum seisina sua habeat fenum pertinens
ad warectum, et quod dicta Licoricia eidem Thome allocari faciat in pre-
dictis debitis valorem terrarum suarum de singulis annis, per extentam
faciendam quamdiu ipsa stetit in prediefca seisina. Et quia Dominus
Rex Jusfciciariis suis mandavit per litteras suas factas apud Faversham
ij° die Jan. anno etc. xxxvij0, quod ipse dicte Licoricie perdonavit
transgressionem, quam ipsa fecit mutuando denarios suos atque fene-
rando contra Assisam Judaismi, pro dim. marca auri etc., predictum
cirographum de cccc 1. confectum retentum est in manu Domini
Regis, quod confectum est contra Assisam etc., donee discussum fuerit
per ipsum Dominum Regem cujusmodi transgressionem dicte Licoricie
perdonaverit, desicut due sunt transgressiones, videlicet una transgres-
sio in denariis predictis mutuo traditis, et altera in confectione predicti
cirographi confecti ut patet in eodem cirographo ; unde super hoc
adjudicatum fuit pro dicto Thoma, herede predicti Thome, quod ipse
eosdem terminos habeat de dicto debito quos pater suus infra sex
annos precedentes habere debuit, licet dictus Thomas heredes suos
aliter obligavit quam facere potuit secundum Assisam Judaismi ; in
hunc modum, quod si infra dictos sex annos humaniter de eo contigerit,
1 Cf. Introduction, p. x.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 24
formerly his father's, of which, while he was under age, the said
Licorice took seisin, as she acknowledged above, to wit, over his
guardian, for £20 of debt of the said Thomas. Upon which it was
adjudged, that the said Thomas do have full seisin of the said lands,
save nevertheless that the said Licorice have all her corn sown upon
the said lands, and her gear, and all other her chattels found on the
said lands, because the chattels of the Jews are our Lord the King's
property ; notwithstanding that the said Licorice sought by our Lord
the King's letters patent enrolled above to sustain a claim to continue
in seisin of the said lands for the said debts, until she should be paid
them in full, or be disseised by judgment of our Lord the King's
Court ; which plea could avail her nothing, because she had nothing
else to plead on her behalf, since in justice our Lord the King cannot
grant that a Jew by letters patent of seisin made in his favour have
seisin over the heir of his debtor when the heir is of full age, seeing
that by the Statutes of Jewry the said heir ought first to be summoned
to answer his father's debt. It was further adjudged that the said
Thomas have with his seisin the hay belonging to the fallow, and that
the said Licorice cause allowance in the said debts to be made to the
said Thomas of the yearly value of his lands during the time of her
said seisin, according to an extent to be made for the whole time
during which she was so seised. And because our Lord the King, by
his letters patent made at Faversham on the 2nd day of January in
the 37th year of his reign, sent word to his Justices that for \ mark
of gold l he pardoned the said Licorice her trespass done in lending
her money and taking interest thereon against the Assize of Jewry,
the said chirograph for £400 made against the Assize etc. is retained
in our Lord the King's hand, until our Lord the King himself have
considered what trespass he pardoned the said Licorice, seeing that
there are two trespasses, to wit, one trespass in lending the said
money, and another in making the said chirograph in the manner
therein appearing ; 2 upon which judgment was given for the said
Thomas, heir of the said Thomas, that the said Thomas have the same
terms touching the said debt as his father was to have during the
said six years, though the said Thomas bound his heirs in a way in
which he was not able to bind them according to the Assize of Jewry ;
so, that is to say, that, if within the said six years he should pay the
debt of nature, then, after the lapse of forty days from his decease, it
1 I.e. 5 marks of silver; a very low figure rate of interest, but by the chirograph sha
for a pardon. attempted to foreclose the heir of his sta-
2 I.e. she not only charged an unlawful tutory right. Cf. Introduction, p. xiii.
E
25 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
tunc bene licebit dicte Licoricie, xl diebus elapsis post obitum suum,
totum predictum debitum cccc 1. cum lucro super heredes suos recu-
perare sine allocacione alicujus termini, et ipsos pro predicto debito
distringere etc. ; quod est penitus contra Assisam Judaismi.
Postea, in crastino S. Margarete anno etc. xxxvij0, Dorainus Eex
mandavit Justiciariis per breve suum factum apud Portsmue xxj° die
Julii anno predicto, quod ipsi cartam de cccc 1. confectam sub nomini-
bus Thome de Cberlecote et Licoricie, Judee, ordinatam contra Assisam
Judaismi sui, ut dicitur, et quam ea occasione in manum Domini Begis
ceperunt, eidem Licoricie liberari et in Archa Judaica poni unde
abstracta fuit, sine dilacione facerent, quia dictam transgressionem
dicte Licoricie perdonavit, et seisinam quam habuit de terris et posses-
sionibus quondam Thome de Cherlecote vult quod habeat tempore
heredum predicti Thome, et teneat quousque plene perceperit de
eisdem totam pecuniam contentam in cartis predicti Thome cum lucro,
sicut de radio suo ; et si dicta Licoricia disseisita fuerit de predictis
terris et possessionibus, sine dilacione ei seisina sua restitueretur ;
taliter se haberent in hoc precepto exequendo ne dicta Licoricia ob
defectum illorum de catallis suis in predictis terris inventis detri-
mentum pateretur. Ob quod breve predictum de seisina facienda de
terris predictis etc. retornatum fuit Vicecomiti Warrewic' ad illud
exequendum. Quo executo Dominus Eex mandavit Baronibus de
Scaccario et Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis per
breve suum, in quo Dominus Pdcardus, Comes Cornubie, in fine
ejusdem brevis testis apponitur, quod recordo loquele inter predictos
Thomam et Licoriciam audito et consider ato, salvo jure Domini Piegis,
tam predicto Thome quam predicte Licoricie justum judicium facerent
sine dilacione, de hoc quod idem Thomas legitime etatis instanter
petiit seisinam de terris suis, quarum per judicium secundum Legem
et Consuetudinem Judaismi seisinam recuperavit, et injuste et sine
judicio fuit disseisitus occasione quarundam litterarum subrepticiarum
quas Dominus Pvex dictis Justiciariis misit, processum negocii ignorans.
Iccirco, recordo predicte loquele audito et considerato, adjudicatum fuit
per eadem verba illud idem judicium quod prius per Justiciarios
adjudicatum fuit. Et preceptum est, quod facta sit inquisicio per
sacramentum xij proborum etc. de Comitatu etc., per quos rei Veritas
etc., et qui nulla affinitate vel alio modo, etc., ad sciendum quid et
EXCHEQUER OE THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 25
should be lawful for the said Licorice, no further term being allowed,
to recover all the said debt of £400 with interest against his heirs, and
to distrain them for the said debt etc. ; which is altogether against
the Assize of Jewry.
Afterwards, on the morrow of St. Margaret in the 37th year of the
reign, our Lord the King commanded his Justices, by his writ made at
Portsmouth on the 21st day of July in the said year, that without delay
they should cause the charter for £400 made under the names of Thomas
de Charlecote and Licorice, Jewess, held, as is said, to be contrary
to the Assize of his Jewry, and on that account taken by them into
our Lord the King's hand, to be delivered to the said Licorice and
placed in the Chest of Jewry whence it was taken, because he pardoned
the said Licorice the said trespass, and wills that the seisin which she
had of the lands and possessions which were formerly Thomas de
Charlecote's she have also in the time of the heirs of the said Thomas,
and until she have gotten thereout, as from her gage, payment in
full of the sum contained in the charters of the said Thomas with
interest ; and that if the said Licorice be disseised of the said lands
and possessions, seisin be restored to her without delay ; for the rest
in the execution of this writ, let them have a care that the said
Licorice suffer no loss by their default in respect of her chattels found
on the said lands. Pursuant to which writ for effecting seisin of the
said lands etc. return was made to the Sheriff of Warwickshire, that
he put the writ in execution. Which done, our Lord the King by his
writ, attested at the end thereof by Richard, Earl of Cornwall, com-
manded the Barons of the Exchequer and his Justices assigned to
the custody of the Jews, that they hear and consider the record of
the cause between the said Thomas de Charlecote and Licorice, and,
saving the right of our Lord the King, do justice without delay as
well to the said Thomas as to the said Licorice, seeing that the said
Thomas, being of full age, has made instant claim of seisin of his lands,
of which, by judgment according to the Law and Custom of Jewry, he
recovered seisin, and unlawfully and without judgment was disseised
by means of certain surreptitious letters which our Lord the King
sent to the said Justices in ignorance of the true course of the affair.
Therefore, the record of the said cause being heard and considered,
judgment was given in the same words as by the Justices on the
former hearing. And it is ordered, that inquest be made by the oath
of twelve true men etc., of the County etc., by whom the truth of the
matter etc., and who by no affinity or in any other manner etc., to
the intent that it may be known what and how much in the course of
26 SCACOAREUM JUDEORUM
quantum per quinquennium dicta ceperit Judea de terris- et catallis
quondam predicti Thome in Cherlecote et Wyttenes tempore predicto
occasione supradicti debiti, et tarn de placitis quam perquisitis ; et per
sacramentum eorundem extendi faciat Vicecomes terras etc. ; ita quod
tali die scire faciat etc. quid etc. ceperit dicta Judea tarn de exitibus
quam perquisitis : super quibus venit inquisicio etc, prout in rotulo
huic rotulo annexo continetur.
Summa extente terrarum quondam Thome de Cherlecote in
Hasseleye per annum, salvo servicio dominorum feodi : xv 1. iij s.
et x d.
Summa extente terrarum ejusdem Thome in Wyttenes per annum,
salvo etc. : x 1. ij d.
Summa totius summarum exituum earundem terrarum per quin-
quennium : yjxx et vj 1., quas Licoricia, que fuit uxor David Oxonie,
percepit tempore predicto occasione debiti predicti Thome.
Summa summarum de placitis et perquisitis in predictis locis per
idem tempus : xxv 1. xiiij s. ij d., quas predicta similiter percepit, sicut
in inquisicione inde facta et aliis predictis continetur.
Summa summarum predictarum tarn de exitibus quam de per-
quisitis : clj 1. xiiij s. ij d., de quibus subtractis lx 1., in quibus dictus
Thomas tenebatur dicte Licoricie per cirographum inter eos confectum,
remanent ad allocandum heredi ipsius Thome iiijxx xj 1. xiiij s. ij d. in
quodam debito cccc 1. facto contra Statuta Judaisini, quod emergit de
quodam debito ixxx 1., si adjudicatum fuerit, quod debitum illud sit
liquidum, sin autem — idem Thomas petit, quod salvum sit suum
recuperare versus Licoriciam.
Postea inspecto tenore de predicto cirographo cccc 1. nondum facto
modo debito secundum Statuta Judaismi, prout videri poterit in eodem
cirographo, eo quod dictum cirographum facit mencionem quod dicta
Judea percipere debuit usuras de usuris, videlicet, de xx m. que in dicto
cirographo apponuntur cum predictis cccc 1., fenerando libra de dictis
xx m. in qualibet septimana ij d. ; et iterum de dictis ixxx 1. in predicto
cirographo contentis et nunquam acquietatis, de anno xxxj0 usque ad
vigiliam Exaltacionis S. Crucis anno etc. xxxij0 emergere non potuit
predictum debitum cccc 1., fenerando libra qualibet septimana ij d. de
lucro secundum Assisam etc., et facta est mencio in supradicto
cirographo, quod penitus emereunt predicte cccc 1. de predictis ixsx 1. ;
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 26
five years the said Jewess took from the lands and chattels formerly
of the said Thomas in Charlecote and Whitnash, on account of the
said debt, and as well in the proceeds of pleas as in perquisites ; and
by the oath of the same twelve men let the Sheriff cause the lands to
be extended etc. ; so that on such a day he may make known etc.
what etc., the said Jewess took as well by issues as by perquisites.
Touching which matters the inquest came etc., as is recorded in the
roll to this roll annexed.
Sum of extent of lands formerly belonging to Thomas de Charle-
cote in Haseley : £15 3s. lOd. a year, saving the service of the lords
of the fee.
Sum of extent of lands of the said Thomas in Whitnash : £10 0s. 2d.
a year, saving etc.
Sum of all the sums of the issues of the said lands for five years :
£126, which Licorice, wife that was of David of Oxford, took during
the time aforesaid on account of the debt of the said Thomas.
Sum of the sums of pleas and perquisites in the said places during
the same time : £25 14s. 2d., which the said Licorice likewise took, as
is recorded in the inquest made thereof and in the other documents
aforesaid.
Sum of the said sums, as well of issues as of perquisites :
£151 14s. 2d., from which being subtracted £60, in which the said
Thomas was bound to the said Licorice by chirograph made between
them, there remain to be allowed to the heir of him, Thomas,
£91 14s. 2d. in a debt of £400, which debt arises from a debt of £180
and is against the Statutes of Jewry, if it be determined that that
debt is clear, but if not — the said Thomas craves that his right of
recovery against Licorice may be saved.
Thereafter, upon scrutiny of the tenor of the said chirograph for
£400 not duly made according to the Statutes of Jewry, as is manifest
in the said chirograph, in that the said chirograph sets forth that the
said Jewess was to take usury upon usury, to wit, on the said 20
marks which in the said chirograph are added to the said £400, taking
interest thereon at the rate of 2d. a pound a week ; and moreover
from the said £180 contained in the said chirograph and not yet
acquit there could not arise between the 31st year and the vigil of the
Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the 32nd year of the reign the said
debt of £400 by interest at the rate of 2d. a pound a week according
to the Assize of Jewry, and the said chirograph sets forth that the
said £400 arise from the said £180 ; it is adjudged by Sir Philip
27 SCACCAPJUM JUDEORUM
consideratum est per Dominos Philippum Luvel, Eogerum de Turkelby,
Henricum de Bathonia, Johanuem de Wyvill et Simonem Passelewe,
quod Thomas de Cherlecote, filius et heres predicti Thouie, non
respondeat nisi de dictis ixxx 1. cum lucro quod inde emergere poterit
ab anno etc. xxxj0, cessantibus usuris a tempore quo pater dicti
Thome obiit, secundum Assisam etc., eo quod idem Thomas tunc
temporis fuit infra etatem, et quousque etatem habuit ad terram suam
habendam, unde habuit seisinam xviij0 die Feb. anno etc. xxxviij0 per
breve Domini Eegis secundum judicium Baronum de Scaccario et
Justiciariorum Judeorum ; ita tamen quod si quid de dictis xx m. per
dictam Judearu captum fuerit, et illud distincte et aperte dictus
Thomas monstrare poterit, id ei in dicto debito ixxx 1. allocabitur una
cum prisis factis, sicut in supradicta inquisicione continetur ; et iterum
consideratum est quod extincte sunt usure de dicto debito cccc 1. post-
quam idem debitum captum fuit in manum Domini Begis, ut patet
supra, ita quod amodo revivisci non poterunt.
MEMORANDUM.
ib.m.8. Bex etc. Quia per commune consilium nostrum provisum est
quod de statu Judaismi nostri certificati simus, tibi precipimus firmiter
injungentes in fide qua Nobis teneris, quod, sicut corpus tuum et
animam tuam diligas, habeas coram Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam
Judeorum assignatis apud Westmonasterium in crastino S. Dunstani
corpora omnium Judeorum et Judearum de balliva tua, qui aliqua
catalla habeant, per que aliquo modo talliari poterunt, ad audiendum
et faciendum preceptum nostrum, et interim scire facias eisdem Judeis
nostris quod sibi provideant ad certificandum dictos Justiciaries nostros
ad dictum diem et locum distincte et aperte per starra sua, quid et
quantum habeant in cirographis, talliis, tarn infra Archam Cirogra-
phorum quam extra, in auro, argento, jocalibus, terris, domibus,
redditibus, vadiis et omnibus aliis catallis, tarn mobilibus quam immo-
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1253 27
Lovel, Sir Roger de Thurkilby, Sir Henry cle Bath, Sir John cle Wyvill,
and Sir Simon Passelewe, that Thomas de Charlecote, son and heir of
the said Thomas, answer the said £180 with the interest which may
arise thereon from the said 31st year of the reign, and no more, usury
being discontinued from the time when the father of the said Thomas
died, according to the Assize of Jewry, because at that time the said
Thomas was under age, and until he was of age to have seisin of his
land, which seisin he had on the 18th day of February in the 38th
year of the reign by writ of our Lord the King according to the judg-
ment of the Barons of the Exchequer and the Justices of the Jews : so
nevertheless that if aught of the said 20 marks have been gotten by
the said Jewess, and the said Thomas is able to show it distinctly and
plainly, that shall be allowed him in account for the said debt of £180
together with the prises taken by the said Jewess, as is recorded in
the said inquest ; and it is furthermore adjudged that the usury upon
the said debt of £400 is extinct since the said debt was taken into the
hand of our Lord the King, as appears above, so as no more to be
revived.1
MEMOEANDUM.2
The King etc. "Whereas by the Common Council of our realm it
is ordered that We be certified touchiDg the state of our Jewry, We
command and imperatively enjoin you in the faith which you owe to
Us, that, as you value your body and soul, you have the bodies of all
Jews and Jewesses within your bailiwick, who may have any chattels,
whereby they may in any manner be talliaged, to be before our Justices
assigned to the custody of the Jews at Westminster on the morrow of
St. Dunstan 3 to hear and obey our command, and that in the mean-
time you do our said Jews to wit that they make ready to certify our
said Justices distinctly and plainly by their starrs at the said time
and place, what and how much they have in chirographs and tallies,
as well within the Chirograph-Chest as outside thereof, in gold, silver,
jewels, lands, houses, rents, gages and all other chattels, as well movable
1 In 1244: Licorice had fined for her de- striking, but would not have been successful
ceased husband's estate in £'5,000, of which without the help of Earl Richard. Cf.
a moiety had been appropriated to the re- Eoyal and other Historical Letters illustra-
storation of Westminster Abbey. The fine tive of the Reign of Henry III. (Rolls Ser.)
was payable by instalments like talliage, ii. 46. Excerpt, e Rot. Fin. (Rec. Comm.)
and if, as is probable, she was still in the i. 418 ; Madox, ii. 3 ; Rot. Lit. Claus.
King's debt, he had an obvious interest in 36 Hen. III. m. 28.
facilitating the realisation of her securities. 2 A model form of writ to be addressed
The courtly firmness with which the judges to Sheriffs and Constables,
meet his attempt to override the law is very 3 The Deposition of St. Dunstan, May 19.
28
SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
bilibus, super vindictani corporuui et omnium bonorum suorum foris-
facturam ; et habeas ibi nomina Judeorum, et hoc breve. Teste Johanne
de Wyvill apud Westmonasterium vto die Man anno regni nostri xxxvij0.
Memorandum, quod Baldewinus de Wayford venit coram Justiciar iis
die S. Augustini anno etc. xxxvij0, et obligavit se ad solvendum
Domino Eegi xx m. in crastino S. Trinitatis pro Cokerell, Judeo, et
Licoricia, matre sua, Judea, Wintonie, que eos contingunt de tallagio
ad instans Pentecosten anno predicto, sub incursione unius marce auri
ad opus Domini Eegis, nisi dictam solucionem fecerit sine aliqua
condicione. Et ad dictum diem fieri facit dictus Baldewinus quoddam
cirographum vij m., reddendarum a dicto in crastino in unum
mensem, et sic per dictas xxvij m. eidem l Cokerell solutas, et pro
matre sua, ut predictum est, quietus erit dictus Baldewinus de quodam
debito xx 1., reddendarum ad quindenam Pasche anno etc. xxxvij0,
acto xviij0 die Feb. anno eodem. Et si dicta convencio non fuerit
completa ad dictum diem, tunc dictus Judeus ad debitum xx 1.
recuperabit, ita quod perdonacio erit nulla.
winton. _ Isaac Le Franceys dat Domino Ptegi iiij0 bis., ut ipse cum familia
etqiueVest. sua transire possit a Civitate Wintonie simul cum catallis suis, et
manere apud Oxoniam, quamdiu e4c. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti
Oxon', quod ipsum Isaac recipiat, et apud Oxoniam manere permittat,
quamdiu etc.
giouc. Memorandum, quod Elias, films Bonenfaunt, Judeus, Gloucestrie,
venit coram Justiciariis in crastino S. Augustini anno regni Eegis
etc. xxxvij0 et recognovit, quod amisit partem suam de quodam ciro-
grapho de 1 s., confecto sub nomine suo et Eicardi de Saunford, et
Galfridi, fratris sui. Iccirco preceptum est Cirographariis Gloucestrie,
quod ipsi sine presencia predicti Elie contra-cirographum predicti
cirographi extrahere non permittant etc.
Memorandum, quod Salomon le Evesk' venit coram Justiciariis
et recognovit, quod ipse tenetur Willelmo de Gloucestria in xxiiij 1., ei
reddendis vel Bernardo Nicholas infra nundinas S. Botulfi anno etc.
Sic : instead of ' pro eodem.'
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253
28
as immovable, on pain of corporal correction and forfeiture of all
their goods ; and you are to have there the names of the Jews, and
this writ. Witness John de Wyvill at Westminster, on the 5th day
of May in the 37th year of our reign.
Devon. Be it had in remembrance, that Baldwin de Wayford came before
the Justices on St. Augustine's day ! in the 37th year of the reign,
and bound himself to pay our Lord the King 20 marks on the morrow
of Holy Trinity on behalf of Cokerell, Jew, and Licorice, his mother,
Jewess, of Winchester, which 20 marks are their quota of the talliage
due at Pentecost instant in the said year, on pain of a mark of gold
to the use of our Lord the King, unless he unconditionally make the
said payment. And on the said day the said Baldwin causes to be
made a chirograph for 7 marks, payable a month after the said morrow
of Holy Trinity, and so by the said 27 marks paid on behalf of the said
Cokerell and his mother, as aforesaid, the said Baldwin shall be quit
of a debt of £20, payable at Easter quindene in the 37th year under
a chirograph dated 18 Feb. in the same year. And if the said agree-
ment be not performed on the said day, then the said Jew shall be
entitled to recover the debt of £20, so that the release shall be null.
Winchester. Isaac Le Francois gives our Lord the King 4 bezants, that he may
remove from Winchester with his family and chattels, and dwell at Ox-
ford, as long etc. And the Sheriff of Oxfordshire is commanded to
receive him, Isaac, and to permit him to dwell at Oxford, as long etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that Elias, son of Bonenfaunt, Jew, of
Gloucester, came before the Justices on the morrow of St. Augustine
in the 37th year of the reign of King Henry and acknowledged, that
he had lost his part of a chirograph for 50s. made under his own
name and the names of Bichard de Sanford and his brother Geoffrey.
Wherefore the Chirographers of Gloucester are commanded, that they
do not allow the counter-chirograph of the said chirograph to be
withdrawn save in the presence of the said Elias etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that Solomon le Eveske came before
the Justices and acknowledged, that he is bound to William de
Gloucester in £M payable to him or to Bernard Nicholas during the
fair of St. Botolph in the 37th year etc., and if he should make
1 The Conversion of St. Augustine, May 5.
^9 SCACCAPJUM JUDEORUM
xxxvij0, et nisi fecerit, concessit, quod clictus Willelmus de Gloucestria
liberam habeat adniinistracionem de quodam cirographo de xlvj 1. j m.
sub nominibus dicti Salomonis, et Eicardi, filii Henrici Aucheri,
reddendis ad quindenani Pasche anno xxxviij0; de quo cirographo
dictus Willelmus penes se possidet partem cirographi quam Judeus
penes se habuit, sicut in quadam convencione inter eos continetur in
quodam starro inter eos confecto ; et si dicte xxiiij 1., ut predictum
est, fuerint solute, tunc dictus Judeus dictum cirograplium aretro
optinebit, et alia scripta inter ipsum et dictum Willelmum confecta, et
unam cartam de xxiiij 1. de Stephano de Ostregate.
Quia coram Domino Eege quoddam tallagium assisum fuit super
Salle, Judeum, de Kancia, Domino Eegi reddendum die Mercurii
proxima ante Pentecosten anno etc. xxxvij0 sine ulteriori dilacione,
et idem Salle tallagium illud non reddidit, preceptum est Ciro-
graphariis Cantuarie, quod visis litteris Domini Eegis accedant ad
Archam Cirographorum, et omnia cirographa, tallias etc. sub nomine
dicti Salle inventa in Arcba ilia extrahant, et ilia habeant sub sigillis
suis et sigillo Vicecomitis Kancie apud Westmonasterium coram
Justiciariis in ultimo S. Trinitatis, cum brevi Domini Eegis.
Quia datur intelligi pro Isaac, filio Isaac, Judeo, Justiciariis,
quod Abraham Eussel, qui habet unam clavem etc., non est residens
ad officium etc. secundum quod deberet, preceptum est Vicecomiti,
quod loco etc. eligi faciat etc., et scire faciat a die S. Trinitatis in
unum mensem nomen illius electi etc.
Eex etc. Vicecomiti Kancie etc. : — Scias quod coram Nobis assideri
fecimus quoddam tallagium super Salle, Judeum, Nobis reddendum
die Mercurii proxima ante Pentecosten anno etc. xxxvij0, et quia idem
Judeus Nobis ad dictum diem tallagium suum non reddidit, et eodem
die recepit ex parte nostra mandatum coram Justiciariis etc., quod
infra tercium diem post predictum diem Mercurii exiret a regno
nostro Anglie, et iter suum arriperet ad portum Dovor' cum uxore sua
ibidem exiturus, et numquam rediturus, salvis Nobis terris etc. ; tibi
precipimus, quod per sacramentum xij etc. diligenter inquiras quas
terras etc. habuit dicto die, et quis vel qui etc.1 valeant salvo servicio
1 Sic : some words have here fallen out. See the parallel clause in the next writ
but one.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 29
default, he allowed, that the said William de Gloucester should
have free administration of a chirograph for £46 1 mark under the
names of the said Solomon and Eichard, son of Henry Aucher,
payable on Easter quindene in the 38th year ; of which chirograph the
said William has in his possession the part which was in the posses-
sion of the Jew, as it is contained in a covenant between them in a
starr made between them ; and if the said £24 be, as aforesaid, paid,
then the said Jew shall have the said chirograph returned to him,
and the other writings made between him and the said William, and
a charter for £24 of Stephen de Oystergate.1
Whereas before our Lord the King a talliage was assessed upon
Salle, Jew, of Kent, payable to our Lord the King on the Wednesday
next before Pentecost in the 37th year etc. without further delay,
and the said Salle did not pay the talliage, the Chirographers of
Canterbury are commanded, that on sight of our Lord the King's
letter they go to the Chirograph-Chest, and take out all the chirographs,
tallies etc. found under the name of the said Salle in the said Chest,
and have them under their seals and the seal of the Sheriff of Kent
before the Justices at Westminster on the last day of Holy Trinity
Term, with the writ of our Lord the King.
Whereas on the part of Isaac, son of Isaac, Jew, the Justices are
given to understand that Abraham Eussel, who has one of the keys
etc., is not assiduous at his duties etc. as he ought to be, the Sheriff
is commanded, that in his place he cause to be elected etc. and notify
the name of the person elect etc. a month after Holy Trinity day.
The King etc. to the Sheriff of Kent etc. : — Know that We
caused to be assessed before Us upon Salle, Jew, a certain talliage
payable to Us on the Wednesday next before Pentecost in the 37th
year etc., and whereas the said Jew did not pay Us his talliage
on the said day, and on the said day received from Us a mandate
before the Justices etc., that within three days from the said
Wednesday he should depart our realm of England, and travel with
all speed to the port of Dover, and thence with his wife take his
departure, and never return, his lands etc. being kept safe to our
use ; We therefore command you, that by oath of 12 etc. you dili-
gently inquire what lands etc. he had on the said day, and who now
1 A narrow passage between Thames Street and the Thames. Mun. Gildhall. Lond.
(Rolls Ser.) II. i. 367.
30 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
etc. efc quantum valeant ad vendendum ; inquiras eciam per sacra-
mentum etc. que catalla liabuit in omnibus extra Archam cirographis,
et quid valeant et in quorum manus devenerint, et clamari facias
quod nullus ex debitoribus ipsius Salle ei decetero aliquem denarium
reddat, in singulis hundredis, civitatibus etc. facta sit clamacio, et
omnes terras, redditus et tenementa et catalla predicta in manum
nostram capias, et salvo etc., donee etc. ; et veniat inquisicio in
crastino S. Trinitatis.
Eex etc. Cirographariis Christianis et Judeis Bristoll' salutem :
Sciatis quod coram Nobis assideri fecimus super Eliam de Chipham
vj m., Nobis reddendas in crastino S. Trinitatis anno regni nostri
xxxvijm0 sine ulteriori dilacione ; et quia idem Elias tallagium illud
non reddidit ; vobis precipimus, quod statim visis litteris istis acce-
datis ad Archam Cirographoruni et ab Archa ilia extrahatis omnia
cirographa, tallias et alia instrumenta in Archa ilia inventa sub nomine
predicti Elie, et ilia habeatis coram Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam
Judeorum assignatis apud Westmonasterium a die S. Johannis Baptiste
in xv dies sub sigillis vestris et sigillo Constabularii nostri Bristoll', et
hoc breve. Teste Johanne de Wyvill apud Westmonasterium xvij die
Junii anno regni nostri xxxvij0.
Bex etc. Vicecomiti Gloucestr' salutem : — Scias quod coram Nobis
assideri fecimus sex marcas super Eliam de Chipham, Judeum, Bristoll',
Nobis reddendas in crastino S. Trinitatis anno regni nostri xxxvij
sine ulteriori dilacione ; et quia idem Elias Nobis ad dictum diem talla-
gium suum non reddidit ; tibi precipimus, quod statim visis litteris
istis clamari facias per totum Comitatum tuum in singulis hundredis,
civitatibus et burgis, quod super forisfacturam nostram nullus ex
debitoribus ipsius Elie ei decetero aliquem denarium reddat, eo quod
in manum nostram cepimus omnia catalla predicti Elie occasione
predicta, ubicumque in regno nostro Anglie fuerint inventa, et corpus
dicti Elie si inveniri poterit in Comitatu tuo, illud habeas coram
Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis apud West-
monasterium sine ulteriori dilacione, ad faciendum de eo judicium
tamquam de illo qui furtive catalla nostra propria asportavit ; et per
sacr amentum xij proborum et legalium hominum, tarn Christia-
norum quam Judeorum, per quos rei Veritas melius sciri poterit,
Bristol.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1253 30
holds or hold them, and what they be worth, saving the service etc.,
and what they be worth for sale ; and also inquire by oath etc. what
chattels he had in all chirographs outside the Chest, and what they
be worth, and to whose hands they have come, and cause proclama-
tion to be made that none of his, Salle's, debtors in future pay any
money to him— let the proclamation be made in every hundred and
city etc. — and take all the said lands, rents and tenements and
chattels into our hand, and keep them safe etc. until etc. ; and let the
inquest come on the morrow of Holy Trinity.
The King etc. to the Christian and Jewish Chirographers of
Bristol greeting :— Know that We have caused to be before Us assessed
upon Elias of Chippenham 6 marks, payable to Us on the morrow of
Holy Trinity in the 37th year of our reign without further delay ;
and whereas the said Elias has not paid that talliage ; We command
you, that on sight of this letter you forthwith go to the Chirograph-
Chest, and take out therefrom all chirographs, tallies and other instru-
ments found in that Chest under the name of the said Elias, and l
have them before our Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews at
Westminster on the quindene of St. John the Baptist under your
seals and the seal of our Constable of Bristol, and this writ. Witness
John de Wyvill at Westminster on the 17th day of June in the 37th
year of our reign.
The King etc. to the Sheriff of Gloucestershire greeting :— Know
that We have caused to be before Us assessed upon Elias of Chippen-
ham, Jew, of Bristol, 6 marks, payable to Us on the morrow of Holy
Trinity in the 37th year of our reign without further delay ; and
whereas the said Elias did not pay Us his said talliage on the said
day ; We command you, that on sight of this letter you forthwith cause
proclamation to be made through all your County in every hundred,
city and town, that on pain of forfeiture none of the debtors of him,
Elias, pay any money to him in future, because, for the reason afore-
said, We have taken into our hand all the chattels of the said Elias,
wheresoever in our realm of England they may be found, and if the
body of the said Elias may be found in your County, you are to have it
before our Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews at Westminster'
without further delay, that justice be done upon him as one who has
thievishly carried off our proper chattels ; and you are diligently to
inquire by oath of 12 good and lawful men, as well Christians as Jews,
by whom the truth of the matter may be the better known, what
31
SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
diligenter inquiras, quas terras, redditus et tenementa dictus Elias
habuit vel tenuit dicto die, et quis vel qui terras illas, redditus et
tenementa modo teneat, et quantum porcio singulorum tenentium
valeat per annum, et modo ad vendendum, salvo servicio dominorum
feodi ; inquiras eciam per sacramentum eorundem que catalla dictus
Elias habuit dicto die in omnibus extra Archam cirographis inventa,
et quid et quantum catalla ilia valeant ad vendendum, et in quorum
manus devenerint, et omnes terras, redditus, tenementa et catalla
predicta in manum nostram capias et salvo custodiri facias, donee
aliud hide precepimus, et inquisicionem hide factam distincte et aperte
scire facias dictis Justiciariis apud Westmonasterium a die S. Johannis
Baptiste in xv dies per litteras tuas sigillatas, in quibus una cum
sigillo tuo sigilla eorum dependeant per quos facta fuerit ilia inqui-
sicio ; et habeas ibi noniina inquisitorum et hoc breve.
Illud idem breve confectum est et liber atum fuit Vicecomiti
Lincoln' pro Benedicto, filio Leonis, qui tallagium suum non reddidit ;
et veniat inquisicio a die S. Johannis Baptiste in xv dies.
PLACITA DE TEBMINO S. TRINITATIS ANNO
QUINQUAGESIMO.
Rot. 7,
dorso.
Johannes Harding, attachiatus ad respondendum Aaron de Kinge-
stona de placito, quod ei reddat duos ciphos de mazero, precii xxs.,
quos ei tradidit custodiendos die Pasche Florum anno etc. xlviij, et
quos ei injuste detinet, ut dicit ; et hoc offert etc.
Predictus Johannes venit et recognovit, quod ipse recepit predictos
ciphos de predicto Judeo, et eosdem ciphos per intersigna que
fuerunt inter ipsum Johannem et predictum Judeum Johanni Aufred
liberavit ; et de hoc ponit se super patriam, et ipsum Johannem
Aufred. Et predictus Judeus similiter. Ideo preceptum est Vice-
comiti, quod venire faciat xij de villa de Kingestona, et xij de visneto
ejusdem ville, ad recognoscendum etc., die Mercurii proxima post
festum S. Barnabe Apostoli, quia tarn etc.
Ad quern diem venit inquisicio, que dicit, quod predictus Johannes,
Alius Johannis Aufrey,1 dictos ciphos de mazero dicto Aaron invadiavit
pro iiij s., et dictus Aaron postmodum dedit eidem Johanni intersigna,
scilicet, quod posuit manum suam in sinu suo, et illis intersignis
1 Sic. The scribe could not make up or Aufrey, or, as appears from the next
his mind whether to spell the name Aufred case, Alnred or Alurey.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A J). 1266 31
lands, rents and tenements the said Elias had or held on the said
day, and who now holds or hold the said lands, rents and tenements,
and how much the portion of each tenant be worth by the year, and for
sale at the present time, saving the service of the lords of the fee ; you
are also to inquire by oath of the same 12 men what chattels the said
Elias had on the said day found in all chirographs outside the Chest,
and what and how much those chattels be worth for sale, and into
whose hands they have come, and you are to take into our hand all the
said lands, rents, tenements and chattels, and to cause them to be
kept safe until further command to you by Us given, and distinctly
and plainly to notify the inquest thereof made to the said Justices at
Westminster on the quindene of St. John the Baptist by letter sealed
with your seal, and therefrom also pendent with your seal the seals of
those by whom the inquest was made ; and you are to have there the
names of the inquisitors and this writ.
The same writ was made and delivered to the Sheriff of Lincoln-
shire in the matter of Benedict, son of Leo, who did not pay his talliage ;
and let the inquest come on the quindene of St. John the Baptist.
PLEAS OF HOLY TRINITY TERM IN THE FIFTIETH
YEAR. [a.d. 1266.]
John Harding, attached to answer Aaron of Kingston touching
a plea, that he return him two bowls of mazer-wood, price 20s.,
which Aaron gave into his keeping on Palm Sunday in the forty-
eighth year of the reign, and which he unlawfully detains against him,
so he says ; and this he offers etc.
The said John came and acknowledged, that he received the said
bowls from the said Jew, and by token concerted between him and
the said Jew he delivered the said bowls to John Alfred ; and
touching this he puts himself upon the country and John Alfred.
And the said Jew likewise. So the Sheriff is commanded, that he
cause to come twelve men of the town of Kingston, and twelve men
of the venue of the same town, to recognise etc., on the Wednesday
next after the feast of St. Barnabas the Apostle, because as well, etc.
On which day came the inquest, who say, that the said John, son
of John Alfred, pledged the said bowls of mazer-wood to the said
Aaron for 4s., and the said Aaron afterwards gave the said John
a token, to wit, by placing his hand in the fold of his tunic, and by
o2 SCACOARIUM JUDEORUM
dictus Johannes Harding dictos ciphos liberavit Jolianni Aufrey, et
quod de dictis iiij s. solvit predicto Aaron x d., de quibus locavit unam
carettam ad bona carianda apud Windsoram ; set si de denariis
residuis aliqnid solutum fuerit, necne, nichil sciunt. Ideo con-
sideration est, quod predictus Johannes Aufrey reddat predicto
Judeo iijs. ijd., et alius Johannes sit inde quietus, et predictus Judeus
in miser icordia.
Johannes Aurifaber, attachiatus ad respondendum predicto Aaron
de Kingestona, Judeo, de placito, quod ei reddat unum saccum cum
pannis, mappis, manutergiis, tunicis et supertunicis, et pluribus aliis
pannis, tarn lineis quam laneis, quos ei tradidit custodiendos, propter
turbacionem in regno habitam, predictis die et anno, ad valenciam
sex m. ; et hoc offer t etc.
Predictus Johannes venit et defendit vim etc. et dicit, quod de
predicto Aaron nichil recepit ; recognovit, tamen, quod hujusmodi bona
recepit de quodam Judeo, nomine Hak' de Kingestona, genero predicti
Aaron, cui quamdam partem predictorum bonorum postmodum
liberavit, et aliam partem liberavit Johanni Alured per preceptum
dicti Hak', excepta una pelice, quam dicit quod uxor sua habet ex dono
predicti Hak'.
Predictus Judeus dicit, quod predicta bona non fuerunt predicti
Hak', nee per predictum Hak' fuerunt liberata predicto Johanni et
predicto Hak', nee predictam pelicem dare potuit, ut predictus
Johannes dicit ; et de hoc ponit se super patriam. Et predictus
Johannes similiter. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti, quod venire faciat
coram etc. xij probes etc., ad recognoscendum etc., si etc., ad pre-
dictum diem, quia tam etc.
Postea venit predictus Johannes Alurey coram etc., et recognovit
se recepisse predictos pannos de predicto Hak', scilicet, unam medie-
tatem sicut vadia sua propria, et aliam medietatem pro xx s., per quos
dictus Judeus finem fecit cum eodem Johanne, ut salvo conduceret
eum et familiam suam usque "Windesoram ; recognovit eciam se
recepisse predictos ciphos de Johanne Harding per intersigna pre-
dicta ; et de hoc ponit se super patriam.
Eecognitores veniunt et dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod
per finem predictum pro salvo conductu habendo idem Judeus
remisit predicto Johanni vadia sua, et residuum dictorum vadiorum
ei liberavit pro predictis xx s., et ipsum salvo apud Windesoram con-
duxit, et quod predictus Johannes per predicta intersigna vera
EXCHEQUER OE THE JEWS, A.D. 1266 32
that token the said John Harding delivered the said bowls to John
Alfred, and that of the said four shillings he paid the said Aaron ten
pence, with which he hired a cart to carry goods to Windsor ; but
whether any part of the balance of the money was paid or no, they
know not at all. So it is adjudged, that the said John Alfred pay the
said Jew 3s. 2d., and the other John be thereof quit, and the said Jew
be in mercy.
John Goldsmith, attached to answer the said Aaron of Kingston,
Jew, touching a plea, that he return a sack containing cloths, nap-
kins, towels, tunics and supertunics, and divers other cloths, as well
linen as woollen, which Aaron gave into his keeping, by reason of
the disordered state of the realm, on the said day in the said year,
being of the value of six marks ; and this he offers etc.
The said John comes and defends the force etc. and says, that
he received nothing from the said Aaron ; but he acknowledged,
nevertheless, that he received goods of the sort from a Jew, Hak
of Kingston by name, son-in-law of the said Aaron, to whom he
afterwards delivered part of the said goods, and the residue thereof
he delivered to John Alfred by order of the said Hak, except a
pelisse, which he says that his wife has by gift of the said Hak.
The said Jew says, that the said goods did not belong to the said
Hak, and were not delivered to the said John and the said Hak by
order of the said Hak, nor was it in the power of the said Hak to
give the said pelisse, as the said John says he did ; and touching
this he puts himself upon the country. And the said John likewise.
And the Sheriff is commanded, that he cause to come before etc.
twelve true etc., to recognise etc., if etc., on the said day, because as
well etc.
Thereafter came the said John Alfred before etc., and acknow-
ledged, that he received the said cloths from the said Hak, to wit, one
moiety as his own pledges, and the other moiety on account of 20s.,
in which the said Jew made fine with him, the said John, for a safe-
conduct for himself and family to Windsor ; he also acknowledged,
that he received the said bowls from John Harding by the said token ;
and touching this he puts himself upon the country.
The recognitors come and say upon their oath, that by the said
fine for the safe-conduct the said Jew returned the said John his pledges,
and delivered to him the residue of the said pledges on account of
the said 20s., and the said John gave him safe-conduct to Windsor,
and by the said true token received the said bowls from the said John
Rot. 8, m. 6.
Loud.
33 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
recepit predictos ciphos de prefato Johanne Harding, et per volun-
tatem dicti Judei. Ideo ad judicium, quod dictus Johannes Aurifaber
inde quietus sit, et dictus Judeus pro falsa querela in misericordia.
Matildis Peper et Eogerus de Maldona attachiati ad respondendum
dicto Aaron, Judeo, de placito, quod ei reddant ollas ereas, patellas,
tapeta, chalones, lintheamina et alia utensilia, que eis tradidit
custodienda predictis die et anno, et unde queritur, quod ea injuste
detinent,'~ad dampnum suum, v m. ; et hoc offer t etc.
Predictus Piogerus venit et defendit vim etc. et dicit, quod nun-
quam aliquid de predictis bonis recepit ; et de hoc ponit se super
vicinos suos.
Predicta vero Matildis venit et recognovit, quod ipsa ignorante
et ad ecclesiam existente venit dictus Judeus ad domum suam et
quedam bona ibidem abscondit sub pallea ; et postmodum venerunt
quidam depredatores Londonie, et dicta bona asportaverunt. Judi-
cium, quod inquiratur, ut supra.
Eecognitores dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod predictus
Aaron nunquam tradidit predicta bona predicto Bogero, sicut ei
imposuit, et quod ignorante predicta Matilde posita fuerunt predicta
bona predicti Judei in domo sua, de quibus una cum bonis suis
. propriis predicta Matildis depredata fait die SS. Philippi et Jacobi
per Henricum de Monte Forti, et per Henricum de Hastinges et alios
malefactores Londonie, ita quod nichil penes ipsam remansit. Ideo
ad judicium, quod predicti Eogerus et Matildis inde sint quieti, et
dictus Judeus pro falsa querela in misericordia.
STABBA EECOGNITA DE TEEMINO S. TEINITATIS ANNO
QUINQUAGESIMO.
Memorandum, quod ad instanciam Petri Beraud et Hagini de
Lincolnia quedam carta sub nominibus eorundem confecta in hec
verba inrotulatur : — Omnibus etc. Petrus Beraud, civis et mercator
Caturcensis, salutem : — Noverit universitas vestra'me teneri Hagino de
Lincolnia, Judeo, Londonie, vel certo attornato suo, mihi hoc scriptum
liberanti, in c et iiijxx 1. vj s. et viij d. sterlingorum, facto compoto
inter me et eundem Haginum apud Londoniam die Mercurii proxima
ante festum S. Oswaldi, Eegis et Martyris, anno gracie m°cc°lxvj
mense Angus ti ; scilicet, de remanente D 1. in quibus dicto Hagino et
Cokko, Judeis, Londonie, tenebar per cartam meam obligatoriam
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1266 33
Harding, and that with the consent of the said Jew. So to judgment,
that the said John Goldsmith be quit thereof, and the said Jew be in
mercy for a false claim.
Matilda Pepper and Eoger de Maldon attached to answer the said
Aaron, Jew, touching a plea, that they return him brazen pots,
platters, carpets, coverlets, linen cloths, and other utensils, which he
gave into their keeping on the said day in the said year, whereof he
complains, that they unlawfully detain them against him, to his
damage, 5 marks ; and this he offers etc.
The said Eoger comes and defends the force etc. and says, that
he never received any part of the said goods ; and touching this he
puts himself upon his neighbours.
The said Matilda also came and acknowledged, that without her
knowledge, when she was at church, the said Jew came to her house
and hid certain goods under the straw ; and thereafter came certain
freebooters from London and carried off the said goods. Judgment,
that inquest be had, as above.
The recognitors say upon their oath, that the said Aaron never
gave the said goods to the said Eoger, as he alleged against him, and
that the said goods of the said Jew were placed in Matilda's house
without her knowledge, and of the said goods, together with her own
goods, the said Matilda was robbed on the day of SS. Philip and
James by Henry de Montfort and Henry de Hastings and other
malefactors from London, so that nothing was left in her house. So
to judgment, that the said Eoger and Matilda be quit thereof, and the
said Jew be in mercy for a false claim.
STAEES ACKNOWLEDGED IN HOLY TEINITY TEEM IN
THE FIFTIETH YEAB, [a.d. 1266.]
Be it had in remembrance, that at the instance of Pierre Beraud
and Hagin of Lincoln a charter made under the names of the same is
enrolled to the following effect : — To all etc. Pierre Beraud, citizen
and merchant of Cahors, greeting :— Know all of you that I am bound
to Hagin of Lincoln, Jew, of London, or his proper attorney, on
delivery to me of this writing, in £180 6s. 8d. sterling, account being-
made between me and the same Hagin at London on the Wednesday
next before the feast of St. Oswald, King and Martyr, in the year of
grace mcclxvi, and the month of August ; account, to wit, of the
remainder of £500 in which I was bound to the said Hagin and Cok,
F 2
34 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
inrotulatamad Scaccarium Judeorum coram etc.,solvendodictoHagino,
vel certo attomato suo, dictarn pecuniarn, de claro debito quod remanet
de dictis D 1., et de omnibus aliis rebus quae dictis Judeis unquam a
principio seculi debui usque in hodiernum diem ; videlicet, de prima
solucione quam Dominus Edwardus, Eegis primogenitus, mihi, vel
attornatis meis, faciet vel solvet de debito in quo mihitenetur ; subjeci
inde me et heredes meos et omnia bona mea, mobilia et immobilia,
ubicumque fuerint inventa, sponte et non coactus, pro voluntate sua
compellendus, si in dicta solucione defecero, ut predictum est ; renun-
ciando ad hoc omni excepcioni, cavillacioni, regie probibicioni et omni
juris remedio, quod contra banc obligacionem mihi possit valere
infringendam ; et ad istam convencionem etc. huic scripto sigillum
meum apposui : hiis testibus : Dominis Johanne de Lynda, Johanne
Walleraund, tunc temporis Custodibus Turris Londonie ; Willelmo filio
Ricardi ; Ricardo de Ewell ; Waltero Eervy ; Eeginaldo de Suffolcia ;
Edwardo Le Blund, etc.
Lond. Item, ad instanciam eorundem littera subscripta inrotulatur in
hec verba: — Omnibus etc. Petrus Beraud etc. salutem : — Noverit
universitas vestra me plenarie recepisse xl saccos lane de Hagino et
Cokko, Judeis, Londonie, in quibus mihi tenebantur per starrum suum
inrotulatum ad Scaccarium Judeorum coram etc., de quibus voco
solutum et integre pacatum, et dictos Judeos, pro me et heredibus
meis, de dictis xl saccis lane omnino quietos clamavi ; ita quod ego
nee aliquis nomine meo aliquid de dictis xl saccis lane de dictis
Judeis vel heredibus eorum decetero exigere poterimus vel habere.
In cujus etc. presenti scripto sigillum meum apposui. Datum
Londonie die Jovis mense Augusti anno :\i"cc°Lxvjn.
Haginus de Lincolnia recognovit per starrum suum, pro se et Cok',
filio Aaron, quod Petrus Beraud satisfecit eis de toto debito D 1. quod
eis debuit per litteras patentes quas dictus Haginus habuit ; et eas
eidem Petro nunquam reddidit, eo quod eas amisit ; unde concedit
quod dicte littere nullam vim habeant, nee sibi nee heredibus suis
aliquid valere possint, nee alicui ex parte sua venienti, a creacione
seculi usque ad finem.
Idem Haginus recognovit, pro se et Cok', filio Aaron, quod de uno
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1266 34
Jews, of London, by my charter obligatory enrolled at the Exchequer
of the Jews before etc., payment of the said money to be made to the
said Hagin, or his proper attorney, on account of the clear debt which
remains of the said £500, and of all other debts which I ever owed
the said Jews from the creation of the world to the present day ; to
wit, payment thereof to be made out of the first instalment which the
Lord Edward, the King's son and heir apparent, shall make to me, or
my attorneys, of the debt in which he is bound to me ; for which I
have engaged myself, my heirs and all my goods, movable and
immovable, wheresoever they shall be found, and this of my own
accord and not thereto constrained, and to the intent that I be com-
pellable at his pleasure, if I shall make default in the said payment,
as aforesaid ; and to this end I renounce recourse to any exception,
objection, royal prohibition, and remedy of law, which may avail me
to the infringement of this obligation ; and for the confirmation of
this agreement I have set my seal to this writing : witness : Sir John
de Lynde and Sir John Walerand, then Wardens of the Tower of
London ; William FitzEichard ; Richard de Ewell ; Walter Hervey ;
Reginald de Suffolk ; Edward Le Blund, and others.
Item, at the instance of the same, the writing hereunder is
enrolled to the following effect : — To all etc. Pierre Beraud etc.
greeting : — Know all of you that I have received in full tale 40 sacks
of wool from Hagin and Cok, Jews, of London, in which they were
bound to me by their starr enrolled at the Exchequer of the Jews
before etc., of which I acknowledge full render and delivery, and for
myself and my heirs have altogether quitclaimed the said Jews of the
said 40 sacks of wool ; so that neither I nor any in my name may
aught in future demand or have of the said 40 sacks of wool from
the said Jews or their heirs. In witness whereof I have set my seal
to the present writing. Given at London on Thursday in the month
of August in the year mcclxvi.
Hagin of Lincoln, for himself and Cok, son of Aaron, acknowledged by
his starr, that Pierre Beraud discharged to them all the debt of £500
which he owed them by letters patent which the said Hagin had ; and
the said Hagin never returned them to the said Pierre, because he lost
them ; wherefore he grants that the said letters patent have no force,
nor can aught avail either himself or his heirs or any one on his
part appearing, from the creation to the end of the world.
The said Hagin, for himself and Cok, son of Aaron, acknowledged
35 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
debito quingentarum librarum, quod Petrus Beraud, mercator, eisdem
debuit per litteras patentes et inrotulatas ad Scaccarium Judeorum,
dictus Petrus et heredes et socii sui sunt quieti de eis et heredibus et
omnibus assignatis suis, a creacione seculi usque ad finem ; et de
omnibus aliis debitis, demandis et querelis que predictus Petrus
debuit eis, excepto uno debito ciiijxx et iiij 1. et dim m. quod predictus
Petrus adhuc debet eidein Hagino per litteras suas patentes inrotulatas
ad Scaccarium Judeorum, predictus Petrus et heredes et socii sui
quieti sunt de eis et heredibus eorum, a creacione seculi usque ad
diem S. Petri ad Vincula anno etc. lmo.
Et istam recognicionem fecit Haginus pro se et heredibus dicti Cok',
quia ipse Haginus habet custodiam heredum dicti Cok' et catallorum
suorum per preceptum Eegis.
Sarra, que fait uxor Isaac de S. Licio, solvit per manus Manseri,
canTeto. filii Abrahe, ij m. et dim., quas debuit solvisse ad quindenam Pasche
anno lmo de fine quern fecit pro catallis dicti viri sui habendis.
Solvit Roberto de Fuleham. Et debet ij m. et dim. ad festum S.
Michaelis, et residuum sicut continetur in magno rotulo anni lmi.
Memorandum, quod Cresse, filius Gente, venit coram etc., et recog-
novit, quod concessit Bonevie de Neubyr', Judeo, quartam partem
duarum cartarum, videlicet, de una xx 1. et ij quarteriorum frumenti
sub nominibus Galfridi Le Chamberleg' et Cresse, filii Gente, et de alia
xv 1. sub nominibus predictorum. Et idem Cresse concessit, quod
predictus Bonevie possit perquirere brevia de districcione per predic-
tam quartam partem, et ad faciendum ex ea quam de sua propria.
ib. m. G,
ilorso.
ijm. ct di
Bed
Belia, que fuit uxor Pictavini de Bedford, Judea, dat Domino Piegi ij
ij wss. j^-gg^ pro |3revibus habendis super tenentes terras debitorum suorum, ad
faciendum ipsos venire. Et solvet predicta biss. a die S. Michaelis in
xv dies.
Communitas Judeorum Cantuarie, qui sigillantur in hoc starro,
recognoverunt per starrum suum, quod juraverunt et intraverunt in
sentenciam, quod nullus alius Judeus de alia villa preter quam de
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1266 35
that of a debt of £500, which Pierre Beraud, merchant, owed them
by letters patent enrolled at the Exchequer of the Jews, the said
Pierre and his heirs and his partners are quit as to them and their
heirs and all their assigns, from the creation to the end of the world ;
and of all other debts, demands and claims which the said Pierre owed
them, except a debt of £184 and £ mark which the said Pierre still
owes the said Hagin by his letters patent enrolled at the Exchequer
of the Jews, they the said Pierre and his heirs and his partners are
quit as to them and their heirs, from the creation of the world to the
day of St. Peter's Chains in the fiftieth year of the reign.
And this acknowledgment Hagin made for himself and the heirs
of the said Cok, because he, Hagin, has the wardship of the heirs of
the said Cok and of their chattels by mandate of the King.1
Sarah, wife that was of Isaac of Senlis, paid by Manser, son of
Abraham, 2i marks, which she ought to have paid on Easter quindene
in the fiftieth year, on account of a fine which she made for posses-
sion of the chattels of her said husband.
She paid to Eobert de Fulham. And she owes 2£ marks at the
feast of St. Michael, and the residue, as it is recorded in the great roll
of the fifty-first year.
Be it had in remembrance, that Cresse, son of Genta, came before
etc., and acknowledged, that he has granted to Bonevie of Newbury,
Jew, the fourth part of two charters, to wit, one for £20 and 2 quarters
of corn under the names of Geoffrey Chamberlain and Cresse, son of
Genta, and another for £15 under the names aforesaid. And Cresse
has also granted, that the said Bonevie may procure writs to distrain
for the said fourth part, and to deal with it as his own.
Belia, wife that was of Pictavin of Bedford, Jewess, gives our Lord
the King 2 bezants for writs in regard of her debtors' terre-tenants,
to constrain them to come. And she will pay the said bezants on
Michaelmas quindene.
The community of the Jews of Canterbury, whose seals are set to
this starr, acknowledged by their starr, that they have come to the
resolution, and thereto bound themselves by oath, that no Jew of any
1 This passage, taken in connection with Rot. 12, m. 7, infra, serves to identify
the inquest upon the administration of the Hagin of Lincoln with the Chief Eabbi
wardship recorded in Hilary Term, 1 Ed. I., elected in 1257. Cf. Introduction, p. xxxiii.
30 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Cantuaria nianebit in eadeni villa, scilicet, homo mentitor, inidoneus
et accusator ; et si ita evenerit quod aliquis venisset ad nianendum
ibidem per breve Domini Eegis, extunc concessit tota predicta com-
munitas ad donandum Domino Eegi id quod Salle, filius Joscei,
Abraham, filius Leonis, et Yives de Wintonia, similiter in hoc starro
sigillati, ipsam communitatem talliabunt, ut idem Rex deponat ipsum
qui tale breve impetrabit ; et si sit aliquis de predicta communitate
rebellis ad deponendum ipsum Judeum qui mentitor, inidoneus et
accusator extiterit, vel eum qui breve Eegis impetraverit, ut predictum
est, idem deponatur cum eodem. Et sunt Judei in predicto starro si-
gillati : Magister Mosseus ; Salle, filius Joscei ; Abraham, filius Leonis ;
Jacobus, filius Miles ; Benedictus, filius Isaac ; Leo, filius Abrahe ;
Isaac, filius Abrahe ; Benedictus, filius Cresse ; Isaac, filius Isaac ;
Meir, filius Edra ; Sampson, presbiterus ; Salomon, filius Isaac ;
Josceus, filius Salomonis ; Aaron, filius Salle ; Josceus, filius Abrahe ;
Mosseus, filius Abrahe ; et Jacobus, filius Joscei.
PLACITA DE TEEMINO S. TEINITATIS QUINQUAGESIMO
PEIMO, QUIA IN TEEMINO PASCHE NICHIL ACTUM
FUIT PEOPTEE GUEEEAM.
cantebf " L Bartholomeus, filius Johannis, qui cum Johanne, filio Ade, peciebat
versus Abraham, filium Antere, et Salomonem Bigelin, tria messuagia
cum pertinenciis in Cantebrigia, de quibus Adam Umel, avus dicti
Bartholomei et consanguineus dicti Johannis, cujus heredes ipsi
sunt, fuit seisitus in dominico suo, ut de feodo, die quo obiit, ut patet in
Termino S. Michaelis anno incipiente lmo, et postea Judei habuerunt
visum terre, ad hunc diem venit ; set nee primo die, secundo, tercio,
quarto nee sexto die aliquid versus dictos Judeos loqui voluit. Ideo
consideratum est, quod predicti Judei inde sine die, et quod dictus
ffii5- Bartholomeus nichil capiat per istud breve, set sit in misericordia.
Per licenciam Justiciariorum, Johannes Le Moyne, querens, et
Juliana de Ponte, de Cantuaria, de placito xiij s. et iij d. concordati sub
hac forma, quod predicta Juliana venit coram etc., et solvit Eogero de
Kyntona, attornato predicti Johannis, x s., et iij s. et iij d. residuos
solvet ad quindenam S. Michaelis proximo sequentem, si monstrare
poterit quod predicti iij s. iij d. debentur.
7
OF
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1267 36
other town than Canterbury shall dwell in the said town, to wit, no
liar, improper person, and slanderer ; and should it so happen that
any one should come to dwell there by writ of our Lord the King,
then the whole said community by common consent shall give our
Lord the King such sum as Salle, son of Joce, Abraham, son of Leo,
and Vives of Winchester, whose seals are likewise set to this starr,
shall lay upon the community, that the person who shall sue out
such writ may be disqualified by the said King ; and if any of the
said community should oppose the disqualification of the Jew who
has shown himself a liar, an improper person, and a slanderer, or
who has sued out such writ of the King as aforesaid, let both be
disqualified together. And the Jews whose seals are set to this starr
are the following : Master Moses ; Salle, son of Joce ; Abraham, son
of Leo ; Jacob, son of Miles ; Benedict, son of Isaac ; Leo, son of
Abraham ; Isaac, son of Abraham ; Benedict, son of Crease ; Isaac,
son of Isaac; Meir, son of Esdras; Samson, presbyter; Solomon, son
of Isaac ; Joce, son of Solomon ; Aaron, son of Salle ; Joce, son of
Abraham ; Moses, son of Abraham ; and Jacob, son of Joce.
PLEAS OF HOLY TRINITY TERM IN THE FIFTY-FIRST
YEAR, NOTHING HAVING BEEN DONE IN EASTER
TERM BY REASON OF THE WAR, [a.d. 1267.]
Bartholomew, son of John, who, with John, son of Adam, claimed
against Abraham, son of Antera, and Solomon Bigelin, three mes-
suages with appurtenances in Cambridge, of which Adam Umel,
grandfather of the said Bartholomew and cousin of the said John,
whose heirs they are, was seised in demesne, as of fee, on the day of
his death, as appears in Michaelmas Term in the beginning of the
fiftieth year, and afterwards the Jews had a view of the land, came on
this day ; but neither on the first nor on the second or third or fourth
nor yet on the sixth day would he say aught against the said Jews.
So it is adjudged, that the said Jews go thereof without day, and that
the said Bartholomew take nothing by this writ, but be in mercy.
By leave of the Justices, John Le Moyne, plaintiff, and Juliana
Bridge, of Canterbury, made fine touching a plea of 13s. 3d. in form
following, to wit, that the said Juliana comes before etc., and pays to
Roger of Kineton, attorney of the said John, 10s., and will pay the
residue, 3s. 3d., on Michaelmas quindene next following, if he shall
be able to show that the said 3s. 3d. are owing.
37 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Hugo de Dernestall et Sarra, uxor sua, attachiantur ad respon-
dendum Isaac de Warwik' et Ivette, uxori ejus, de plaeito detencionis
eatallorum, et nude queritur, quod die dominica, die Medie Quadra-
gesime anno etc. lj° tradidit eis unum coopertorium x de grisso,2 precii
cs., et quoddam scrinium cum jocalibus, videlicet, cum sex anulis
aureis, precii j m., uno pede argenteo, precii x s., sex cocleariis argenteis,
precii . . . s., ij firmaculis, precii ij s., et uno cipho de niazero, precii
ij s., custodienda predictis Hugoni et Sarre, et predicta catalla sua
injuste detinent, ad dampnum suum, xm.
Predicti Hugo et Sarra veniunt et defendunt vim etc. et recog-
noscunt, quod quoddam coopertorium et quoddam scrinium cum
quibusdam catallis infra existentibus receperunt custodienda, et post
adventum Comitis Gloucestrie in Civitate Londonie ad quindenam
Pascbe venerunt Thomas de Haweye et Henricus de Knaresburgo,
milites prefati Comitis, cum multis aliis ignotis, ad domum pre-
dictorum Hugonis et Sarre, et eisdem dixerunt ex parte predicti
Comitis, quod eisdem liberarent catalla Judeorum. que habuerunt
custodienda, prout eis datum fuit intelligi, sicut vitam et membra
diligerent ; et ipsi omnino negaverunt quod nichil habuerunt de
catallis aliquorum Judeorum. Et prefati milites ipsos ceperunt,
et ad carcerem deducere voluerunt, et in predicta domo sua scrutave-
runt,3 et subtus lectum predictorum Hugonis et Sarre predicta
coopertorium et scrinium invenerunt, et pecierunt, quorum catalla
fuerunt sic abscondita ; qui pro catallis suis propriis advocaverunt.
Et prefati milites ipsos4 super hoc non crediderunt: ideo ipsos ad
sacramentum posuerunt, qui per sacramentum suum recognoverunt
predicta catalla esse predictorum Isaac et Ivette. Et sic contra
voluntatem suam predictum coopertorium cum predicto scrinio
asportaverunt, preter quedam que fuerunt in predicto scrinio, quia
quidam Alanus Le Hurer venit ad octabas Pasche, per predictam
Ivettam, cum clave predicti scrinii, et dixit eis, quod ad predictum
scrinium ipsum permitterent ire, hiis intersignis quod predicta clavis
fuit ad scrinium per eosdem traditum sic custodiendum ; et predictus
Alanus predictum scrinium aperuit, et ea que voluit asportavit. Et
sic de predicta asportacione eis non tenetur respondere, eo quod
Dominus Bex, per pacem inter ipsum et Comitem Gloucestrie factam,
omnibus hominibus de Civitate Londonie omnem depredacionem,
roberiam et aliam transgressionem factam tempore predicto perdonavit,
1 See Glossary. - See Glossary. blending of the deponent with the active
3 In the MS. 'scrutaterunt,' by a curious form. 4 Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.t). 1l>67 37
Hugh de Dernestall l and Sarah, his wife, arc attached to answer
Isaac of Warwick and Ivetta, his wife, touching a plea of detinue
of chattels, whereof he complains, that on Sunday in Mid-Lent in
the fifty-first year of the reign he delivered to them a vesture of gris
of the value of 100s. and a casket of jewels, to wit, six gold rings of
the value of 1 mark, a silver stand of the value of 10s., six silver
spoons of the value of ... s., two buckles of the value of 2s., and
a bowl of mazer-wood of the value of 2s., for safe keeping by the said
Hugh and Sarah, who unlawfully detain his said chattels, to his
damage, 10 marks.
The said Hugh and Sarah come and defend the force etc. and
acknowledge, that they received a vesture and a casket with chattels
therein for safe keeping, and that after the arrival of the Earl of
Gloucester in the City of London on Easter quindene Thomas
de Haweye and Henry de Knaresborough, soldiers of the said Earl,
came, with many others unknown, to the house of the said Hugh
and Sarah, and told them, as from the said Earl, that they were to
deliver to them the chattels of the Jews which were in their keeping,
as they had been informed, as they valued life and limb ; and they
utterly denied that they had any chattels of any Jews. And the
said soldiers took them, and would have haled them to prison, and
searched their house, and under the bed of the said Hugh and Sarah
found the said vesture and casket, and asked, to whom the chattels thus
hidden belonged ; and they averred that they were their own chattels.
And the said soldiers gave them no credence thereof, and so put them
to their oath; and by their oath they acknowledged that the said
chattels belonged to the said Isaac and Ivetta. And so against their
will the soldiers took away the said vesture and casket, but not all that
the casket had contained ; for a certain Alan Le Hurer had come on
the octave of Easter, by order of the said Ivetta, with the key of the
said casket, and had told them, that they were to let him have access
to the said casket, and for token he showed that the said key
fitted the casket so given into their keeping ; and the said Alan
opened the said casket, and took away what he would. And so they are
not bound to answer touching the said taking away, because our Lord
the King, by the peace made between him and the Earl of Gloucester,
pardoned all men of the City of London all depredations, robberies,
and other trespasses done by them during the said time, so neverthe-
less that merchants who took no part in the war should not lose their
1 Perhaps Dunstall.
38 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
salva tamen mercatoribus accione sua qui de guerra non fuerunt.
Et si hoc eis valere non possit, prompti sunt verificare per quicquid
etc., quod predicta catalla fuerunt sibi capta et asportata ; et de hoc
ponunt se super patriam.
Predicti Isaac et Ivetta dicunt, quod predicta clavis predicti scrinii
per ipsos eisdeni rnissa nunquarn, et de hoc prompti sunt facere quic-
quid etc. quod Judeus facere debeat versus Christianum. Dicunt
eciam, et petunt judicium, de hoc, quod predicti Hugo et Sarra
recognoscunt predictum coopertorium et forcerium l recepisse custo-
dienda, et dicunt ea esse asportata et ab eis depredata, et omnia
bona sua propria salvata. Et de hoc habent diem usque diem Lune
proximam ante festum S. Margarete. Ad quern diem predicti Hugo
et Sarra veniunt, et predicti Judei, sepius vocati, non veniunt. Ideo
consideratum est, quod predicti Hugo et Sarra inde sine die, et
predicti Judei in misericordia.
DE TERMINO S. HILLAEII ANNO EEGNI REGIS HENRICI
QUINQUAGESIMO SECUNDO.
Rot. cm-. Cresse,2 films Gente, optulit se iiij0 die versus Ricardum de Culle-
m?l'.Esse.T. worth de placito, quod, cum Robertus de Culleworth tempore guerre
habite in regno Domini Regis, et eciam tempore destruccionis Judaismi
Domini Regis Londonie, habuisset custodiam Turris Londonie per
Hugonem Le Despenser, et ab Archa Cirographorum Londonie, eo
tempore in Turri predicta existente, extrahi fecisset quandam cartam
continentem xl 1. de feodo, sub nominibus Ricardi de Culleworth,
fratris predicti Roberti, et ipsius Cresse confectam, et eidem Ricardo
de Culleworth contra voluntatem ipsius Judei per starrum suum
quietam liberari, in qua continebatur, quod predictus Ricardus
tenebatur predicto Judeo in xll., et postmodum predictum Judeum,
ad instanciam dicti Ricardi, ita coegit, quod metu mortis partem
suam una cum starro acquietancie de predicto debito ei liberavit.
Et ipse non venit ; et preceptum fuit Yicecomiti, quod ipsum venire
faceret. Et Vicecomes mandat, quod Ricardus Bregeman, de Machinges,
et Johannes Trestel, de eadem, manuceperunt predictum Ricardum,
quern non habent. Ideo in misericordia. Judicium, quod distringatur
1 See Glossary. the Hebrew in^-,j, Gedaliah). A.-J.H.E.P.
'-' More properly Deulecresse (i.e. Deus i. 269.
eum crescat, a barbarous Latinisation of
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A..D. 1268 38
right of action. And if this may not avail them, they are ready to
verify by whatever etc., that the said chattels were stolen and taken
away from them ; and touching this they put themselves upon the
country.
The said Isaac and Ivetta say, that they never sent the said key
of the said casket to the said Hugh and Sarah, and touching this
they are ready to do whatever etc. a Jew ought to do against a
Christian. They also crave judgment, for that the said Hugh and
Sarah acknowledge, that they received for safe keeping the said vesture
and casket, and say, that they were stolen and taken away from
them, and all their own goods untouched. And touching this they
have a day from day to day until the Monday next before the feast
of St. Margaret. On which day the said Hugh and Sarah come, and
the said Jews, often summoned, do not come. It is therefore
adjudged, that the said Hugh and Sarah go thereof without day, and
the said Jews are in mercy.
HILARY TERM IN THE FIFTY-SECOND YEAR OF
THE REIGN OF KING HENRY, [a.d. 1268.]
Cresse, son of Genta, offered himself on the fourth day against
Richard de Culworth touching a plea, that during the war in our Lord
the King's realm, our Lord the King's London Jewry being then de-
stroyed, Robert de Culworth, who commanded the Tower of London
for Hugh Le Despenser, did from the London Chirograph-Chest, which
was then in the said Tower, cause to be taken a certain charter con-
taining £40 of fee-rent, made under the names of Richard de Culworth,
the said Robert's brother, and him, Cresse, and did also against his,
the Jew's, will cause the charter, in which it was contained, that the
said Richard was bound to the said Jew in £4:0, to be delivered to the
said Richard de Culworth quit by his starr, and afterwards, at the
instance of the said Richard, did so constrain him, the said Jew, that
in fear of death he delivered to him his part of the charter, together
with the starr of acquittance of the said debt. And he, Richard, did
not come ; and the Sheriff was commanded to cause him to come. And
the Sheriff sends word, that Richard Bregeman, of Machinges,1 and John
Trestel, of the same place, mainperned the said Richard, and have him
not. Therefore in mercy. Judgment, that he be distrained by lands
1 Perhaps Matching, Essex.
ill. m. 3,
Uorso. Kbi
39 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
per terras etc., ita quod nee ipse etc., et quod habeat corpus ejus
coram etc. a die Pasche in xv dies, ad respondendum etc., et ad
audiendum etc.
Prior de Giseburn' fuit districtus pro xll. de debito Joscei de
Kancia ad opus Domini Edwardi per quandam cartam signatam de
sigillo Johannis de Overtona, Prioris de Giseburn', et sigillo Conventus
ejusdem loci, que quidem carta liberatafuit Domino Edwardo tempore
quo Judaismus fuit in manu ejusdem Domini Edwardi, in hec verba : —
Sciaat omnes presentes et futuri, quod ego, Johannes de Overtona,
Prior de Giseburn', et Conventus ejusdem loci debemus Joey de Kent,
Judeo, Eboraci, xl 1. argenti, scilicet, reddendo xx 1. et x quarteria
frumenti ad Pentecosten anno regni Regis Henrici, filii Eegis
Johannis, xxxiij0, et xx 1. et vj vaccas ad festum S. Martini in Hieme
proximo sequentis, et sic de anno in annum et termino in terminum
usque ad terminum x annorum, et si tunc non reddiderimus,
dabimus ei qualibet septimana pro libra j d. de lucro, quamdiu illud
debitum per grantum ejus tenuerimus, et ideo invadiavimus ei omnes
terras nostras, redditus et catalla nostra, ubicumque fuerint, donee
dictum debitum et lucrum persolverimus, et hoc concessimus ei
in Verbo Dei, et sigillo nostro conventuali confirmavimus : actum in
crastino S. Wilfridi proximo ante.1 Et per predictam cartam
attornatus predicti Domiui Edwardi exigit de predicto Priore et
Conventu totum predictum debitum.
Predictus Prior venit et peciit inspexionem predicte carte, et
habuit, et dixit, quod numquam in predicta domo de Giseburn' fuit
aliquis prior qui vocabatur Johannes de Overtona ; dicit eciam, quod
predicta carta non est, secundum Assisam Judaismi, in aliqua Archa
Cirographorum Judeorum ; unde de predicto debito non tenetur
respondere.
Preterea predictus Prior dicit, quod predicta carta non est bona
neque vera, nee unquam per aliquem priorem seu conventum predicte
domus fuit facta, nee per voluntatem suam sigillo . . . 2 signata ; et
hoc promptus est verificare per quicquid Curia Domini Eegis conside-
raverit, quod verificare debeat, vel per patriam, vel alio modo.
Attornatus prefati Domini Edwardi dicit, quod predicta carta est
factum suum, et sigillo suo signata, et hoc offert verificare per quic-
1 Sic. St. Wilfrid's Day is 12 October ; regni Ecgis Henrici xxxij.'
Martinmas, 11 November. We may there- - Sic : perhaps ' conventuali' should be
fore conjecture that the words omitted supplied,
were : ' festum S. Martini in Hieme anno
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1268 39
etc., so that neither he etc., and that the Sheriff have his body before
etc. on Easter quindene, to answer etc., and to hear etc.
The Prior of Gisburn was distrained for £40 of debt due to Joce
of Kent to the use of the Lord Edward by charter sealed with the
seal of John of Overton, Prior of Gisburn, and the seal of the Convent
of the same place, which charter was delivered to the Lord Edward at
the time when the Jewry was in his hand, and is to the effect
following : — Know all present and to come, that I, John of Overton,
Prior of Gisburn, and the Convent of the same place owe to Joce of
Kent, Jew, of York, £40 L of silver, and are to pay £20 and 10
quarters of wheat at Pentecost in the thirty-third year of the reign of
King Henry, son of King John, and £20 and 6 cows at Martinmas in
Winter next following, and so year by year and term by term to the
end of ten years, and if we shall then have made default, we will
give him every week Id. on the pound by way of interest, as long as
we shall hold that debt by his grant, and therefore we have given him
in gage all our lands, rents, and chattels, wheresoever they may be,
until we have paid the said debt and interest in full, and this grant
we have made on the Word of God, and have confirmed it by our
conventual seal : dated the morrow of St. Wilfrid next before [Mar-
tinmas, in the thirty-second year of the reign of King Henry]. And
by the said charter the attorney of the Lord Edward demands from
the said Prior and Convent all the said debt.
The said Prior came and craved inspection of the said charter, and
had it, and said, that there was never any prior in the said house of
Gisburn who bore the name of John of Overton ; he also says, that
the said charter is not, as according to the Assize of Jewry it should
be, in one of the Chirograph-Chests of the Jews ; wherefore he is not
bound to answer touching the said debt.
The said Prior further says, that the said charter is no good and
true charter, nor was it ever made by any prior of the said house or
the community, nor was it with his consent sealed with the [con-
ventual] seal ; and this he is ready to verify in whatever way the
Court of our Lord the King shall award, by the country, or other-
wise.
The attorney of the Lord Edward says, that the said charter is
the Prior's deed and sealed with his seal, and offers to verify this
1 I.e., as immediately appears, £'400, payable by annual instalments of £40.
40 SCACOARIUM JUDEORUM
quid Curia Domini Eegis consideraverit, per collacionem sigilli, vel
alio rnodo.
Et predictus Prior dicit, quod predicta carta non est bona, immo
falsa, nee ex conciencia1 ipsorum nurnquam emanavit, et de hoc ponit
se super patriani. Et nullum aliud responsum ad sigillum dedit, nee
aliquam racionem de falsitate predicte carte assignavit, nisi quod
tantummodo dixit, quod totum predictum factum est falsum.
Et attornatus prefati Domini Edwardi peciit judicium de predicto
Priore et Conventu, tanquam indefensis, eo quod ad sigillum nullum
responsum dederunt, nee aliquam racionem monstraverunt de hoc
quod dixerunt predictam cartam esse falsam, nisi tantummodo quod
dictum factum est falsum, et de hoc vellent verificare per patriani ;
desicut attornatus predicti Domini Edwardi promptus fuit attingere
per collacionem sigilli, vel alio modo, promt Curia Domini Eegis con-
siderable Et super hoc habent diem, eras.
Ad quern diem venit dictus Prior et defendit totum factum et
scripturam, et de hoc ponit se super patriam. Et attornatus predicti
Domini Edwardi dicit, quod predicta carta est factum dicti Prioris et
Conventus, et sigillum dicto scripto appensum est predicte domus, et
de hoc promptus est verificare, ut supra.
Et postea, ad peticionem attornati prefati Domini Edwardi,
Justiciarii adierunt Scaccarium Domini Eegis coram Thesaurario et
Baronibus Domini Eegis, et tota predicta querela coram eis fuit
reiterata et audita, et per eos dictum fuit predicto Priori, quod ad
sigillum responderet. Et tunc predictus Prior dixit, quod aliquo
tempore predictum sigillum fuit inpressio sigilli sui, set tamen pre-
dicta cera, agnicio predicti scripti, maliciose apposita fuit, et de hoc
ponit se super discrecionem predictorum Thesaurarii, Baronum et
Justiciariorum.
Et postea predictus Prior venit in presencia Eoberti Burnel,
Domini Edwardi Cancellarii, et aliorum de Consilio Domini Edwardi,
et finem fecit cum eodem Domino Edwardo per ccc m., solvendas
eidem ad terminos subscriptos, videlicet, ad quindenam Pasche anno
etc. lij", primo termino incipiente, c m., ad quindenam S. Martini
proximo sequentem c m., et ad quiodenani Pasche proximo sequentem
c m. Et si in aliquo termino defecerit, concessit quod de terris et
catallis suis fiant.
' See Glossary.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 40
in whatever way the Court of our Lord the King shall award, by
collation of the seal, or otherwise.
And the said Prior says, that the said charter is no good charter,
but spurious, and never issued from their community, and touching
this he puts himself upon the country. And he made no other
answer as to the seal, and assigned no reason for treating the said
charter as spurious, but only said, that the whole of the said deed is
spurious.
And the attorney of the said Lord Edward craved judgment
against the said Prior and Convent, as being without defence, inas-
much as they gave no answer as to the seal, and showed no reason
for saying that the said charter is spurious, but only said, that the
said deed is spurious, and that as to that they would verify by the
country; whereas the attorney of the said Lord Edward was ready to
make the attaint by collation of the seal, or otherwise, as the Court
of our Lord the King shall award. And as to this they have a day,
to-morrow.
On which day comes the said Prior and defends the whole matter
and the writing, and as to this puts himself upon the country. And
the attorney of the said Lord Edward says, that the said charter is
the deed of the said Prior and Convent, and the seal pendent to the
said writing is the seal of the said house, and as to this he is ready
to verify, as aforesaid.
And afterwards, on the petition of the attorney of the said Lord
Edward, the Justices went before the Treasurer and Barons of our
Lord the King in the Exchequer, before whom all the said cause was
rehearsed and heard, and they ordered the said Prior to answer as to
the seal. And then the said Prior said, that the said seal was the
impression of the seal which he at one time used, but nevertheless
the said wax had been wickedly attached to give the said writing a
colour of authenticity, and touching this he puts himself upon the
discretion of the said Treasurer, Barons, and Justices.
And afterwards the said Prior came in presence of Kobert Burnel,
Chancellor of the Lord Edward, and others of the Lord Edward's
Council, and made fine with the said Lord Edward in 300 marks, pay-
able to him at the terms underwritten, to wit, 100 marks on Easter
quindene in the fifty-second year of the reign, the first term, 100 marks
on the quindene of Martinmas next following, and 100 marks on
Easter quindene next following. And if he should make default at any
term, he granted that the amount be made of his lands and chattels.
41 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
Henricus de Watdona, per breve de clamaeione, fecit venire
Mosseurn de Clare, Judeum, Lincolnie, cum cirographo, tallia etc., ad
computandum etc. Predictus Mosseus venit et protulit coram etc.
quoddam cirographum quatuor libratarum annui redditus de feodo
sub nominibus Thome de Watdona et ipsius Mossei, reddendarum ad
festum S. Michaelis anno etc. xlviij0, et sic de anno in annum in
perpetuum : actum in crastino S. Gregorii Pape anno eodem. Et per
predictum cirographum exigit de predicto Henrico, fratre et herede
predicti Thome, predictum feodum cum arreragiis, unde pars in qua
cera dependet fuit in Archa Cirographorum Lincolnie.
Et predictus Henricus venit et dicit, quod injuste ab eo exigit
predictum feodum, eo quod pars predicti cirographi in qua cera
dependet non fuit in Archa Lincolnie tempore quo predicta Archa
fuit combusta ; et de hoc ponit se super Cirographarios Christianos et
-Judeos. Et predictus Judeus similiter. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti
Lincoln', quod per sacramentum Cirographariorum Christianorum
et Judeorum etc., si etc., quia tarn etc., et inquisicionem etc. a die
Pasche in tres septimanas. Ad quern diem venit inquisicio sub sigillis
predictorum Cirographariorum, tarn Christianorum quam Judeorum,
qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod dicta carta iiij 1. annui
redditus de feodo, sub nominibus Thome de Watdona et dicti Mossei,
fuit in Archa Cirographorum Lincolnie die quo fuit per inimicos Begis
combusta. Et quia dictus Henricus non venit, preceptum est Vice-
comiti Cantebrig', quod ipsum venire faciat in octabis S. Trinitatis
ad audiendum judicium et recordum suum.
Abbe de Cantuaria, Judeus, attachiatus ad respondendum Roberto
de Maresdenn de placito transgressionis, et unde queritur, quod dictus
Abbe, circa festum Purificacionis B. Marie anno etc. xlvj0, apud Londo-
niam procuravit Adam de Bassihawe et Johannem de Ismongereslane
ad testificandum maliciose et falso nomen Boberti, filii Augustini de
Maresdenn, per quod idem Judeus fieri fecit unam cartam xiij m. sub
nominibus predicti Boberti et dicti Abbe, et illam in Archa Cirogra-
phorum Londonie poni fecit, desicut idem Bobertus non fuit in
partibus illis ubi dicta carta facta fuit, ad maximum dampnum et
exheredacionem ipsius Boberti ; et hoc offert etc.
Predictus Abbe venit et defendit vim etc. et totum de verbo in
verbum, quod inde non est culpabilis, et de hoc promptus est verificare
per quicquid Curia Domini Begis consideraverit. Et super hoc habent
diem, eras.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 41
Henry de Whaddon, by writ of proclamation, caused Moses of Clare,
Jew, of Lincoln, to come with chirograph, tally etc., to account etc.
The said Moses came and produced a chirograph for £4 of yearly fee-
rent under the names of Thomas de Whaddon and him, Moses,
payable at Michaelmas in the forty-eighth year of the reign, and so
year by year for ever : dated the morrow of Pope St. Gregory in the
same year. And by the said chirograph he demands from the said
Henry, brother and heir of the said Thomas, the said fee with arrears,
the part from which the seal was pendent having been in the Lincoln
Chirograph- Chest.
And the said Henry comes and says, that he demands the said fee
from him unlawfully, because the part of the said chirograph from
which the seal was pendent was not in the Lincoln Chest at the time
when the said Chest was burned ; and touching this he puts himself
upon the Christian and Jewish Chirographers. And the said Jew like-
wise. And the Sheriff of Lincolnshire is commanded, that by oath of
the Chirographers Christian and Jewish etc., if etc., because as well
etc., and the inquest etc. three weeks after Easter. On which day came
the inquest under the seals of the said Chirographers, as well Chris-
tians as Jews, who say upon their oath, that the said charter for £4
of yearly fee-rent, under the names of Thomas de Whaddon and the
said Moses, was in the Lincoln Chirograph- Chest on the day when it
was burned by the King's enemies. And as the said Henry did not
come, the Sheriff of Cambridgeshire is commanded to cause him to
come on the octave of Holy Trinity, to hear his judgment and record.
Abbe of Canterbury, Jew, attached to answer Eobert de Marsden
touching a plea of trespass, whereof he complains, that the said
Abbe did at London, about the feast of the Purification of Blessed
Mary in the forty-sixth year etc., suborn Adam of Bassishaw and
John of Ironmonger Lane wickedly and falsely to attest the name
of Bobert, son of Augustine de Marsden, whereby the said Jew caused
to be made a charter for 13 marks under the names of the said
Bobert and the said Abbe, and caused it to be placed in the London
Chirograph-Chest, whereas the said Bobert was not in those parts
when the said charter was made, to his, Bobert's, very great loss and
disherison ; and this he offers etc.
The said Abbe comes and defends the force etc. and all of it
word by word, that he is not guilty thereof, and as to this he is ready
to verify in what way soever the Court of our Lord the King shall
award. And touching this they have a day, to-morrow.
ib. in.
Leyc.
ijs.
Lnudun.
xs.
42 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Ad quein diem venit predictus Robertus, et per licenciam Justicia-
riorum retraxit se de brevi suo. Et postea per licenciam Justiciariorurn
predicti Robertus et Abbe concordati sunt sub hac forma, quod pre-
dictus Robertus remisit predicto Abbe omnem exaccionem quam
liabuit versus eundem de omnibus transgressionibus, et injuste
districcionibus eidem factis, et predictus Judeus perdonavit eidem
Roberto totum predictum debitum, et omnia alia debita que umquam
ei debuit a creacione seculi usque ad festum Purificacionis B. Marie
anno etc. lij°. Et predictus Abbe dabit eidem Roberto v m., reddendo
terminis subscriptis, videlicet, medietatem ad octabas Nativitatis S.
Johannis Baptiste anno lij° ad Scaccarium Domini Regis de Judaismo,
et aliam medietatem ad octabas S. Michaelis proximo sequentes ad
illud Scaccarium. Et super hoc predictus Judeus concessit eidem
Roberto omnes domos quas habet in Cantuaria, ad tenendum eas quo-
usque predictus Judeus solvent predicto Roberto predictas v m. ; ita
quod si dictus Judeus in aliquo dictorum terminorum defecerit, tunc
dictus Judeus concessit, quod predicte domus remaneant eidem. . . .*
eas per solvent. Et postea dictus Abbe dat Domino Regi ij m. pro
secta Domini relaxanda, de quibus . . . m.2 j m. et dim. solvet ad
festum S. Hillarii anno liij0, et dim. ad Pasclia anno etc. liij0.
Memorandum, quod Nicbolaus Wichard dat Domino Regi ij s. pro
brevi de compoto habendo super Mosseum de Pavely 3 et Abbe, filium
Jacobi. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti, quod ipsos venire faciat coram
etc. ad quindenam Pasche cum cirographis etc., ad computandum, et
interim pacem etc.
Memorandum, quod Antera, que fuit uxor Magistri Mossei, Judea,
venit coram etc., et solvit x s. de fine pro habendis catallis predicti
viri sui.
ib.m.9. Memorandum, quod Jospinus, filius Salomouis de Merleberg', venit
Merieb. coram etc. in crastino Cinerum, et fecit intelligi Justiciariis, quod,
cum Lumbardus, filius predicti Salomonis, frater predicti Jospini,
babuit quandam filiam, nomine Joiette, que desponsata fuit Salomoni,
1 Supply ' quousque Judeus.' 3 Perhaps Pavillyin Normandy. Cf. Lib.
: Supply ' predictis ij.' Bub. de Scacc. (Rolls Ser.) Index, ' Pavily.'
London.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 42
On which day came the said Robert, and by leave of the Justices
withdrew from his writ. And afterwards by leave of the Justices the
said Robert and Abbe made fine in form following ; to wit, that the
said Robert renounced all right of action which he had against the
said Abbe in regard of all his trespasses, and distraints unlawfully
made upon him, and the said Jew released to the said Robert
all the said debt, and all other debts which he ever owed him
from the beginning of the world to the feast of the Purification
of Blessed Mary in the fifty-second year etc. And the said Abbe will
give the said Robert 5 marks by render at the terms underwritten, to
wit, one moiety on the octave of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist
in the fifty-second year at our Lord the King's Exchequer of Jewry,
and the other moiety at that Exchequer on the octave of St. Michael
next following. And in regard thereof the said Jew granted to the
said Robert all the houses which he has in Canterbury, to hold until
the said Jew shall have paid the said Robert the said 5 marks ; so
that if the said Jew shall make default at any one of the said terms,
then he granted that the said houses remain in the possession of
the said Robert until he shall have paid the said 5 marks in full.
And thereafter the said Abbe gives our Lord the King 2 marks for
release of the King's suit, and will pay H mark thereof at the feast
of St. Hilary in the fifty-third year, and | mark at Easter in the fifty-
third year of the reign.
Be it had in remembrance, that Nicholas Wichard gives our Lord
the King 2s. for a writ of account against Moses of Pavely and Abbe,
son of Jacob. And the Sheriff is commanded to cause them to come
before etc. on Easter quindene with chirographs etc., to account, and
in the meantime peace etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that Antera, wife that was of Master
Moses, Jewess, came before etc., and paid 10s. on account of a fine for
the chattels of her said husband.
Be it had in remembrance, that Jospin, son of Solomon of Marl-
borough came before etc. on the morrow of Ash Wednesday, and did
the Justices to wit, that the said Solomon's son Lumbard, his, Jospin's,
brother, had a daughter, Joiette by name, married to Solomon, son
43 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
filio Lumbardi de Kricklade, ipsa habuit in Archa Cirographorum
Merleberg' ununi cirographum xxxij m. sub nomine suo et Hugonis
Lovel, rectoris ecclesie de Eadburne, ipsa Joietta postea se ad Fidem
Ohristianam convertit, et post conversionem suani predictus Lum-
bardus predictam cartam mutavit in nomine suo per quandam novani
cartam, quam predictus Hugo eidem fecit, et predictam cartam xxxij m.
eidem Hugoni liberavit quietam ; que quidem carta fuit Domini Eegis
per conversionem predicte Joiette. Et quod hoc totum sit verum,
obligat omnia bona et catalla sua Domino Eegi ad attingenda omnia
predicta ; ita quod, si predicta non sint vera, remaneant omnia bona
et catalla Domino Eegi quieta. Et preceptum est Yicecomiti, quod
venire faciat predictum Hugonem, et Cirographarios Cbristianos Arche
Cirographorum Merleberg', et vj Christianos de Merleberg' a die
Pasche in xv dies, ad certificandum etc. Et dictum fuit eidem Jospino,
quod sequeretur de die in diem versus dictum Lumbardum. Et ipse
Jospinus non est prosecutus : ideo omnia catalla dicti Jospini capi-
antur in manum Domini Eegis, prout ipse ea obligavit. Et
preceptum est Vicecomiti et Cirographariis, quod habeant omnia
catalla sua coram etc. a die Pasche in xv dies. Et dictus Lumbardus
super premissis fuit calumpniatus, et de hoc ponit se super predictos
Hugonem et Cirographarios et alios Christianos ; et habeat predictum
diem per plegios ; Isaac, filium Isaac de Wiltonia, et Salomonem, filium
Lumbardi.
ib.m.9, Quia datur intelligi Justiciariis et eis procerto constat, quod Salle
cant.' de Cantuaria, Judeus, habet unam cartam xxxv 1. sub nomine suo et
Theobaldi de Helle extra Archam Cirographorum, contra Assisam
Judaismi, preceptum fuit Vicecomiti Kancie, quod distringeret
Rex- custodem filii et heredis predicti Theobaldi pro predictis xxxv 1., ita
quod eas haberet coram etc. a die S. Hillarii in xv dies, ut patet in
brevibus tunc retornatis. Et Yicecomes nichil inde fecit. Ideo, sicut
alias, a die Pasche in xv dies. Et Yicecomes sit etc.
ib. m. 10,
ilorso.
North.
Magister Elias, films Magistri Mossei, recognovit per starrum
suum, quod vendidit Domino Alano La Zuche et Elene La Zuche,
uxori sue, et heredibus et suis assignatis, pro se et heredibus suis,
debita subscripta ; videlicet, unum debitum de liiij 1. annui redditus
de feodo sub nominibus David de Esseby, filii Willelmi, de Comitatu
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268
43
of Lumbard of Oicklade ; which Joiette had in the Marlborough
Chirograph-Chest a chirograph for 32 marks under the names of her-
self and Hugh Lovel, rector of Eadbourn church, and was afterwards
converted to the Christian Faith, and that after her conversion the
said Lumbard changed the said charter for a new charter in his own
name, which the said Hugh Lovel made for him, and delivered quit
to the said Hugh the said charter for 82 marks ; which charter
belonged to our Lord the King by reason of the conversion of the said
Joiette. And he binds all his goods and chattels to our Lord the
King for the attaint of the truth of all the said matters ; so that, if
the said matters be not true, all his goods and chattels may remain
to our Lord the King quit. And the Sheriff is commanded, that he
cause the said Hugh, and the Christian Chirographers of the Marl-
borough Chirograph-Chest, and six Christians of Marlborough to come
on Easter quindene, to certify etc. And the said Jospin was bidden
continue his suit day by day against the said Lumbard. And Jospin
is in default in prosecution : therefore all the chattels of the said
Jospin are to be taken into the hand of our Lord the King, as he
bound them. And the Sheriff and the Chirographers are commanded
to have all his chattels before etc. on Easter quindene. And the
said Lumbard was charged on the premises, and touching this he puts
himself upon the said Hugh and the Chirographers and other
Christians ; and let him have the said day by pledges ; Isaac, son
of Isaac of Wilton, and Solomon, son of Lumbard.
Whereas the Justices are informed and hold it for certain, that
Salle of Canterbury, Jew, has a charter for £35 under his name and
that of Theobald of Helle outside the Chirograph-Chest, against the
Assize of Jewry, the Sheriff of Kent was commanded, that he distrain
the guardian of the son and heir of the said Theobald for the said
£35, so that he have the money before etc. on Hilary quindene, as
appears in the writs then returned. And the Sheriff did nought in
pursuance thereof. Therefore, mandate as before, for Easter quin-
dene. And let the Sheriff etc.
Master Elias, son of Master Moses, for himself and his heirs [and
assigns], acknowledged by his starr, that he has sold to Sir Alan La
Zouch and Helen La Zouch, his wife, and their heirs and assigns, the
debts [and yearly fees] underwritten ; to wit, a debt of £54 of yearly
fee-rent under the names of David de Ashby, son of William, of the
44 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Northamptone, et predicti Magistri Elie, reddenclis in crastino
Epiphanie anno etc. xlviij0, actum vt0 die Martii anno etc. xlvij0 ; et
unum debitum xx 1. sub nominibus predictorum David et Magistri
Elie, reddendarum a die S. Michaelis in unum mensem anno etc.
xlviij0, actum xvj° die Septembris anno etc. xlvij0 ; et unum debitum
ivxx 1., sub nominibus predictorum David et Magistri Elie, reddendo
medietatem ad quindenam S. Johannis Baptiste anno etc. xlviij", et
aliam medietatem ad quindenam S. Micbaelis sequentem, actum xvj°
die Septembris anno xlvij0 ; et unum debitum xl 1. annui redditus de
feodo sub nominibus predictorum David et Magistri Elie, reddendarum
a die S. Michaelis in vj septimanas anno etc. xlviij0, actum xv° die
Septembris anno etc. xlvij0 ; et est summa omnium predictorum
debitorum, tarn de sorte quam de lucro, cum arreragiis, tarn debitorum
quam feodorum, usque ad confectionem predicti starri, Dc 1. et amplius,
salvis terminis de predictis feodis Venturis ; que quidem feoda et debita
predicta fuerunt extracta ab Archa Cirographorum Londonie tempore
Comitis Leicestrie per ejus voluntatem et preceptum ; et postea
fuer ant revocate per breve Domini Eegis patens hujusmodi perdona-
ciones, ita quod hujusmodi factum nichil debitoribus Judeorum valere
posset nee Judeis obesse, et quod Judei Anglie possent habere recupe-
raciones suas versus debitores suos per partes suas, unde cere fuerunt
extracte tempore predicti Comitis ; et unde predictus David, et heredes
et sui assignati, tenentur in omnibus debitis et feodis predictis red-
dendis, desicut dictus Magister Elias habet partes omnium predic-
torum debitorum et feodorum, et sunt inrotulate in rotulis de
Scaccario Judaismi ; et omnia predicta debita et feoda cum omnibus
obligacionibus, arreragiis, et omnibus aliis que hide emergere possent,
predictus Magister Elias vendidit predicto Alano et Elene, uxori ejus,
et heredibus et suis assignatis bona vendicione et perpetua, pro se
et heredibus et suis assignatis, tanquam bona debita et feoda integra-
liter debita et fideliter facta secundum Consuetudinem Judaismi;
AianusLa et quod de cetero sit potestas predicti Alani et Elene, uxoris sue, et
heredum et assignatorum suorum in omnibus debitis et feodis predictis
tanquam dicti Elie, et factum suuni tanquam factum predicti Elie, ad
ea vendenda, donanda, invadianda et acquietanda quibuscumque
voluerint, ad faciendum inde voluntatem suam, salvis x tamen quod
ipsi domos prosternere nee boscos, gardinos vastare nee destruere
possint ; et per istam vendicionem habeant predicti Alanus et Elena,
et heredes et sui assignati, potestatem ad omnia predicta debita et
1 Sic.
Zui
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 44
County of Northampton, and the said Master Elias, payable on the
morrow of the Epiphany in the 48th year of the reign, dating from
the 5th day of March in the 47th year of the reign ; and a debt of
£20 under the names of the said David and Master Elias, payable a
month after Michaelmas in the 48th year of the reign, dating from
the 16 th day of September in the 47th year of the reign ; and a debt
of £80 under the names of the said David and Master Elias, the debtor
to pay one moiety on the quindene of St. John the Baptist in the 48th
year of the reign, and the other moiety on Michaelmas quindene
following, dating from the 16th day of September in the 47th year
of the reign ; and a debt of £40 of yearly fee-rent under the names
of the said David and Master Elias, payable six weeks after Michael-
mas in the 48th year of the reign, dating from the 15th day of
September in the 47th year of the reign ; and the sum of all the
said debts, both principal and interest, with the arrears, as well
of debts as of fees, to the making of the said starr, is £600 and
more, without including future terms in the account of the said fees ;
which said fees and debts were withdrawn from the London Chiro-
graph-Chest in the time of the Earl of Leicester x and at his instance
and command ; but afterwards releases of this kind were revoked by
writ patent of our Lord the King, so as nought to avail against the
Jews or in favour of their debtors, and that the Jews of England
might have their recovery against their debtors by those parts which
they held of the chirographs, the sealed parts of which were with-
drawn from the Chests in the time of the said Earl ; and hence the
said David, and his heirs and assigns, are bound in all the said debts
and fees, seeing that the said Master Elias has the parts of the
chirographs of all the said debts and fees, and they are enrolled in
the rolls of the Exchequer of Jewry ; and all the said debts and
fees, with all the obligations, arrears, and whatever else may arise
thereout, the said Master Elias, for himself and his heirs and assigns,
has sold to the said Alan and Helen, his wife, and their heirs and
assigns, in good sale for ever, as good debts and due fees entirely
sound and truly made according to the Custom of Jewry ; and to the
intent that in future the said Alan and Helen, his wife, and their
heirs and assigns, may have all the power of the said Elias, and their
deed be as his deed, to make sale, grant, gage, and acquittance of all
the said debts and fees to whomsoever they may will, and to do with
them whatever they may choose, save, nevertheless, that they may
1 I.e. in the time of Montfort's virtual supremacy, between the battle of Lewes, 14
May 1264, and that of Evesham, 4 Aug. 12G5.
North.
Zuche.
45 SCACCAEIUM JUDEOEUM
feoda integraliter percipienda absque contradiccione de maneriis de
Esseby et de Chaddestona, que sunt in Comitatu Northamptone,
et de omnibus aliis terris et tenementis que fuerunt dicti David die
confectionis predicti starri; et predictus Magister Elias, et heredes
sui, warantizabit * et defendet omnia predicta debita et feoda predictis
Alano et Elene, uxori sue, et heredibus et suis assignatis, versus
omnes Judeos Anglie, homines et feminas, qui aliquid possent exigere
occasione alicujus debiti quod predictus David eis debebat, a creacione
seculi usque ad finem ; eo quod per voluntatem suam vendidit, pro
se et heredibus suis, predictis Alano et Elene, et heredibus et suis
assignatis, integre omnia predicta debita et feoda in perpetuum, ita
quod predictus Magister Elias nee heredes sui aliquid possint exigere
nee calumpniare in predictis debitis et feodis ; et similiter dictus
Magister Elias concessit, quod nullum starrum nee aliquid aliud fecit
nee faciet, quod possit impedire predictam vendicionem, nee in toto
nee in parte ; et quotiescumque predictus Alanus et Elena, uxor ejus,
et heredes et sui assignati habeant necessitatem de predicto Magistro
Elia, vel heredibus suis, ad impetrandmn predicta debita et feoda,
super predictum Magistrum Eliam et heredes suos est ad faciendum
et prosequendum pro eo secundum Consuetudinem Judaismi, ad
sumptus predictor urn Alani et Elene et heredum suorum. Predictum
starrum factum fuit xix die Decembris anno etc. lij°.
Magister Elias, films Magistri Mossei, recognovit per starrum
suum, quod vendidit Domino Alano La Zuche, et heredibus et suis
assignatis, totuni jus, clamium et demandam et potestatem que
habuit, vel habere potuit, in uno debito liiij 1. annui redditus de feodo
sub nominibus David de Esseby et predicti Elie, reddendarum in
anno xlvj0 ; et de cetero predictus Magister Elias non poterit habere
jus nee potestatem in predicto debito, nee in aliquo quod inde possit
emergere, eo quod totum predictum debitum predictus Magister Elias
vendidit, pro se et heredibus suis, predicto Domino Alano et heredibus
et suis assignatis in perpetuum.
Confirmacio Eegis de predictis debitis dictum Alanum contingen-
tibus irrotulata est in Memorandis de Termino S. Hillarii anno etc.
liiij0.
Samuel Mutun recognovit per starrum suum, quod concessit et
1 Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1263 45
not demolish houses or waste or destroy woods or gardens ; and to
the intent that by this sale the said Alan and Helen, and their heirs
and assigns, may have entire and uncontestable power to get in all
the said debts and fees from the manors of Ashby and Chaddeston,
which are in the County of Northampton, and from all other lands
and tenements which belonged to the said David on the day of the
making of the said starr ; and the said Master Elias, and his heirs,
will warrant and defend the right in all the said debts and fees of
the said Alan and Helen, his wife, and their heirs and assigns, against
all Jews and Jewesses of England, who may demand aught by reason
of any debt which the said David owed them, from the creation to the
end of the world ; seeing that he of his own accord, for himself and
his heirs, has sold to the said Alan and Helen, and their heirs and
assigns, all the said debts and fees for ever, so that neither the said
Master Elias nor his heirs may aught demand or claim in the said
debts and fees ; and the said Master Elias likewise granted that he
neither has made nor will make any starr or aught else that may
impede the said sale, either in whole or in part ; and as often as the
said Alan and Helen, his wife, and their heirs and assigns have need
of the said Master Elias, or his heirs, for the enforcement of their
claim to the said debts and fees, it lies upon the said Master Elias
and his heirs to act and proceed on that account according to the
custom of Jewry, at the expense of the said Alan and Helen and
their heirs. The said starr was made on the 19th day of December
in the 52nd year of the reign.
Master Elias, son of Master Moses, acknowledged by his starr,
that he has sold to Sir Alan La Zouch, and his heirs and assigns, all
the right, claim and demand and power which he had, or might have,
in a debt of £54 of yearly fee-rent under the names of David de Ashby
and the said Elias, payable in the 46th year ; and in future the said
Master Elias shall have neither right nor power in the said debt, or
in aught that may arise thereout, because the said Master Elias, for
himself and his heirs, has sold the said debt to the said Sir Alan and
his heirs and assigns for ever.
The King's confirmation of the said debts pertaining to the said
Alan is enrolled among the Memoranda of Hilary Term in the 54th
year of the reign.
Samuel Mutun acknowledged by his starr, that he has granted and
46 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
climisit et per starrum suum confirmavit Willelmo cle Manalale,
cepario, xxxiij d. annui redditus, quos predictus Willelmus solvere
solebat predicto Judeo de teneinento suo de feodo Hugonis de Neyvill
in parochia S. Michaelis in Bassinghag' versus West, habend' et
tenend' predicto Willelmo de Manalale, vel cui vel quibus dare, ven-
dere, legare vel assignare voluerit, eidem Willelmo, heredibus vel
assignatis suis, de predicto Judeo, heredibus et assignatis suis, here-
ditarie, libere, bene et in pace in perpetuum ; reddendo inde predictus
Willelmus, heredes vel assignati sui, predicto Judeo, heredibus et
assignatis suis, unum clavum garriofili ad Pascha pro omnibus serviciis
et secularibus demandis. Et predictus Judeus, heredes et assignati
sui, warantizabunt predictos xxxiij d. annui redditus de feodo predicto
Willelmo, heredibus et assignatis suis, contra omnes homines et feminas,
tarn Christianos quam Judeos ; et pro predicto servicio predictus
Judeus, heredes et assignati sui, warantizabunt predictos xxxiij d. annui
redditus de feodo predicto Willelmo, heredibus et assignatis suis in
perpetuum. Et pro ista dimisione et concessione predictus Willelmus
dedit predicto Judeo xx s. et v d. in gersumam propriis manibus. Et
ut omnia prescripta rata sint et stabilia in perpetuum, predictus
Judeus fecit predicto Willelmo starrum suum in loquela Ebraica ;
quod quidem starrum duplicatum est in loquela Latina. Hiis testibus :
Domino Willelmo de Orlavestona, Domino Roberto de Fuleham,
Magistro Willelmo de Watford, tunc Justiciariis ad custodiam Ju-
deorum assignatis ; Roberto Le Bret, Domino Johanne de Laufar,
tunc Cirographariis ; Yives, filio Magistri,1 Manuac, filii Aaron, tunc
Cirographariis ; Bartholomeo de Castro, tunc custode de balliva quo
vocatur Aldermanesgarde, et aliis. Actum v. die Januarii anno regni
Regis Henrici lij°.
iii. m. 12. Gamaliel de Oxonia recognovit per starrum suum, quod vendidit
Baldewino Wake, et heredibus et assignatis suis, totum jus suum,
demandam et calumpniam, que habet in una carta xxxvij 1. et x s.
contra Reginaldum de Everemue de debito sub nominibus predicti
Reginaldi et predicti Gamaliel, unde carta est in Archa Cirographorum
Judeorum Londonie, una cum toto lucro inde emergente usque ad
diem confectionis hujus starri ; quod quidem lucrum et debitum
estimatur ad c et xx 1. : totum predictmn debitum et lucrum vero
pro se, heredibus et assignatis suis, predicto Baldewino, heredibus et
assignatis suis, bona et stabilia vendidit in perpetuum, pro lx 1.,
quas predictus Baldewinus solvet eidem Judeo infra quatuor annos,
1 Sic : perhaps ' Mossei ' should be supplied.
Li
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 4G
demised and by his starr confirmed to William of Manalale, onion-
dealer, 33d. of yearly rent, which the said William used to pay to
the said Jew of his tenement of the fee of Hugh de Nevill in the
parish of St. Michael in Bassishaw West, to have and to hold to the
said William of Manalale, or to whomsoever he shall give, sell, be-
queath or assign them, to the said William, his heirs or assigns, of
the said Jew, his heirs and assigns, heritably, freely, well and in peace
for ever ; render therefor to be made by the said William, his heirs or
assigns, to the said Jew, his heirs and assigns, of a clove of gillyflower
at Easter in lieu of all services and secular demands. And the said Jew,
his heirs and assigns, will warrant the said 33d. of yearly fee-rent to
the said William, his heirs and assigns, against all men and women,
as well Christians as Jews ; and for the said service the said Jew, his
heirs and assigns, will warrant the said 33d. of yearly fee-rent to the
said William, his heirs and assigns for ever. And for this demise and
grant the said William has given to the said Jew 20s. 5d. in fine with
his own hands. And that all the aforewritten may hold good and
endure for ever, the said Jew has made his starr to the said William
in the Hebrew tongue ; which starr is duplicated in the Latin tongue.
Witness these : Sir William de Orlaveston, Sir Eobert de Fulham,
Master William de Watford, then Justices assigned to the custody of
the Jews ; Eobert Le Bret, Sir John de Laufar, then Chirographers ;
Vives, son of Master Moses (?), Manuac, son of Aaron, then Chiro-
graphers ; Bartholomew de Castro, then warden of the bailiwick
which is called Aldermanward, and others. Done on the fifth day of
January in the fifty-second year of the reign of King Henry.
Gamaliel of Oxford acknowledged by his starr, that he has sold to
Baldwin Wake, and his heirs and assigns, all the right, demand, and
claim, which he has against Keginald d'Evermue in a charter for
£37 10s. of debt under the names of the said Beginald and Gamaliel,
which charter is in the Chirograph-Chest of the Jews of London, with
all the interest thence arising to the day of the making of this starr ;
which interest and debt are reckoned at £120 : all the said debt and
interest he for himself, his heirs and assigns, has sold to the said
Baldwin, his heirs and assigns, in good and sure right for ever, for £60,
which the said Baldwin will pay the said Jew within four years, as it
is contained in a starr made between them : so that for the future the
47 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
prout continetur in quodam starro inde inter eos confecto ; ita
quod de cetero idem Baldewinus, et heredes et assignati sui, habeant
potestatem in predicto debito ad acquietandum, recipiendum, donan-
dum, vendendum, et ad pacem faciendam, et ad distringendum pre-
dictum Eeginaldum nomine predicti Judei, et ad seisiendum terras
et catalla sua, ubicunque fuerint, que sunt vadia predicti Judei pro
debito secundum Assisam et Legem Judaismi ; excepto hoc, quod pre-
dictus Baldewinus non possit extirpare vel destruere domos vel
gardinos, nee amputare, vendere nee alienare boscos in predicta
terra existentes ; et, si ita evenerit vel contingat quod predictus
Beginaldus venit et ostendit aliquod starrum de acquietancia vel
solucione, sub nominibus predicti Reginaldi et predicti Judei, de pre-
dicto debito eidem Baldewino sic per predictum Judeum vendito, et
predictus Judeus non possit adnichilare predictum starrum, tunc
idem Judeus tenetnr remittere predicto Baldewino tantum quantum
contentum fuerit in eodem starro de predicto debito in quo idem
Baldewinus est obligatus predicto Judeo pro predicta vendicione,
totum illud predictum debitum, sine aliqua contradiccione vel caluinp-
nia, in predicto starro contentum, si quid idem Eeginaldus ostendit
sicut predictum est. Et si ita contingat quod predictus Beginaldus
aliquod exigit vel calumpniat versus predictum Baldewinum, occasione
alicujus starri, quod sit sub nomine predicti Judei, quod possit vivere
predictum debitum eidem Baldewino per predictum Judeum sic vendi-
tum, usque post solucionem predictarum lx 1. quas predictus Balde-
winus debet predicto Judeo pro predicta vendicione, tunc idem Judeus
et heredes sui tenentur ad respondendum predicto Baldewino, heredibus
et assignatis suis, secundum quantitatem illius debiti; et predictus
Judeus jurat, quod non fecit aliquod starrum venditionis vel iuvadia-
tionis de predicto debito, de toto nee de parte, alicui Christiano nee
Judeo, homini vel femine, nee de cetero faciet aliquod starrum de ac-
quietancia de predicto debito sine licencia et voluntate et assensu
predicti Baldewini, heredum et assignatorum suorum. Et predictus
Judeus, pro se et heredibus suis, tenetur ad warantizandum totum
predictum debitum predicto Baldewino, heredibus et assignatis suis,
contra omnes Judeos et Judeas. Actum die S. Hillarii anno regni
Regis Henrici lij°.
Henricus, Dei gratia Bex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie, et Dux
Aquitanie, omnibus ballivis et fidelibus, ad quos presentes littere
pervenerint, salutem. Dimisionem et concessionem quas Gamaliel
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 47
said Baldwin, and his heirs and assigns, may have power to acquit,
receive, grant, sell, and compound the said debt, and to distrain the
said Keginald in the name of the said Jew, and to take seisin of his
lands and chattels, wheresoever they maybe, which are the said Jew's
gages for the said debt according to the Assize and Law of Jewry ; this
being excepted, that the said Baldwin may not demolish or destroy
houses or gardens, or cut, sell, or alienate woods on the said land ;
and that, should it so come to pass or happen that the said Keginald
comes and shows a starr of acquittance or payment, under the names
of the said Reginald and the said Jew, for the said debt so by the said
Jew sold to the said Baldwin, and the said Jew is not able to annul
the said starr, then the said Jew is bound to remit to the said Baldwin
all wherein the said Baldwin is bound to the said Jew in the said
starr for the sale of the said debt, to wit, all the said debt contained in
the said starr, without any contest or claim, if the said Reginald
shows aught as aforesaid. And if it should so happen that the said
Reginald demands or claims aught against the said Baldwin, by
reason of any starr, under the name of the said Jew, for the prolonga-
tion of the life of the said debt so sold to the said Baldwin by the said
Jew, after the payment of the said £60 which the said Baldwin owes
the said Jew for the said sale, then the said Jew and his heirs are
bound to answer the said Baldwin, his heirs and assigns, according
to the quantity of that debt ; l and the said Jew swears, that he has
not made any starr of sale or gage of the said debt, either in whole
or in part, to any Christian or Jew, male or female, nor will in future
make any starr of acquittance of the said debt without the leave, will,
and assent of the said Baldwin, his heirs and assigns. And the said
Jew, for himself and his heirs, is bound to warrant all the said debt to
the said Baldwin, his heirs and assigns, against all Jews and Jewesses.
Done on the day of St. Hilary in the fifty-second year of the reign of
King Henry.
Henry, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland,
and Duke of Aquitaine, to all his bailiffs and lieges, to whom the
present letters may come, greeting. Ratifying and approving the
1 I.e., if the Jew have not entirely dis- he may sustain thereby. ' Vivere ' is un-
charged his claim against Keginald, he usual in such a connection, but no other
shall make good to Baldwin any loss which reading seems to be possible.
48 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
Judeus noster, Londonie, fecit dilecto et fideli riostro, Baldewino Wake,
de debito xxx et vij 1. et x s., in quo Beginaldus de Evermue eidem
Judeo tenebatur per cartam suam, habend' eidem Baldewino et
heredibus vel assignatis suis, ratas habentes et gratas, eas pro Nobis
et heredibus nostris, quantum in Nobis est, concedimns et con-
firmamus, sicut scriptum inde inter eos confectum racionabiliter
testatur. In cujus rei testimonium has litteras nostras fieri feeimus
patentes. Teste Me ipso apud Westmonasterium xxviij0 die Januarii
anno regni nostri lij°.
ih. m. 12, Haginus de Lincolnia i recognovit per starrum suum, quod si ita
NorV est quod Dominus Bicardus de Stauns solvat lvj 1., videlicet, medieta-
tem ad Pentecosten anno etc. lij°, et medietatem ad festum S. Martini
proximo sequens, tunc est super predictum Haginum solvere predicto
Domino Bicardo xx 1. de feodo, cum arreragiis, super quoddam feodum
c I. ; et illud feodum erit in loco certo ; quod quidem feodum erit
sufficiens vadium ad predictas xx 1. cum arreragiis ; et istam conven-
cionem cepit predictus Judeus super se plenariam facere infra Penta-
costen, si predictus Judeus invenire possit sufficiens vadium de
predicto debito.
DE TEBMINO PASCHE ANNO QUINQUAGESIMO SECUNDO.
Jacob, le fiz Peyuteuyn,2 et Beneyt, fiz Peyuteuyn, de Bed', Judei,
veniunt coram etc. et recognoscunt starrum subscriptum in hec
verba : — Jeo, ky suy de suz encele, reconeys pur mey et tesmoyngne
pur ma mere, Bele, de Bedford, jadis femme Peyuteuyn, le fiz Isaac, de
Bedford, ke nous avums lesse e vendu al honurable Gilbert de Clare,
Counte de Gloucestre, et a ses heyrs e a ses assignez, tut le dreyt et le
cleym, chalenge et obligement etle poer ke nus avyum, ou aver poyum,
sur touz les dettes ke Willani de Whyston ou nul de ses auncestres
deveyent al avaunt dist Peyuteuyn, mon pere, ou a acun de ses
auncestres, del comencement del mound jesk' al jour de cest estarr
fu fet ; ceo est a saver, iiij dettes, une dette de xx 1. en le noun del
avant dit Willani de Whyston et Peyuteuyn, mon pere, dount le
terme fu a la Tyffayngne, le an xlij de regne nostre Seignur ly Bey
Henry, fiz ly Bey Johan, et une dette de xx 1. en les nouns de les
avant diz Willam et Peyuteuyn, dount le terme de la paye fu a la
1 Cf. p. 34 supra, and Records of Trinity Deeds of English Jews before 1290, ed.
Term, 5 Ed. I., infra. Davis, Index.
■ Sic : but evidently for Peitevin or Pic- 3 Transferred from Rot. 33, m. 5, dorso
tavinus. See p. 35 supra ; and cf. Hebrew (Easter, 7 Ed. I.).
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 48
demise and grant which Gamaliel, our Jew, of London, has made to
our dear liege, Baldwin Wake, of a debt of £37 10s., in which Reginald
d'Evermue was bound to the said Jew by his charter, to have to the
said Baldwin and his heirs or assigns, We for Ourself and our heirs
do, as far as in Us lies, grant and confirm the same, as the writing-
made between them reasonably testifies. In witness whereof We
have caused to be made these our letters patent. Witness Myself at
Westminster on the 2Sth day of January in the fifty-second year
of our reign.
Hagin of Lincoln acknowledged by his starr, that if Sir Richard
de Staines pay £56, to wit, one moiety at Pentecost in the fifty-second
year, and one moiety at Martinmas next following, then the said
Hagin is bound to pay the said Sir Richard £20 of fee, with arrears,
on a certain fee of £100 ; and that fee shall be in a place certain, and
shall be a sufficient gage for the said £20 with arrears ; and the said
Jew took upon himself to give full effect to this covenant before
Pentecost, if the said Jew be able to find sufficient gage for the said
debt.
EASTER TERM IN THE FIFTY-SECOND YEAR. [a.d. 1268.]
Jacob, son of Peitevin, and Benedict, son of Peitevin, of Bedford,
Jews, come before etc., and acknowledge ihe underwritten starr to
this effect : — I, whose seal is below, acknowledge for myself and
witness for my mother, Belle, of Bedford, late wife of Peitevin, son of
Isaac, of Bedford, that we have leased and sold to the Honourable
Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, and his heirs and assigns, all
the right and claim, right of recovery, obligation, and all other the
power which we had, or might have, upon all the debts of William de
Whiston, or any of his ancestors, owing to the said Peitevin, my
father, or any of his ancestors, from the beginning of the world to
the day when this starr was made ; to wit, four debts, one of £20 in
the names of the said William de Whiston and Peitevin, my father,
of which the term was Epiphany in the forty-second year of the reign
of our Lord King Henry, son of King John, and a debt of £20 in
the names of the said William and Peitevin, of which the term of
49 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Pask', le an xlij del regne avant dit, et une dette de lxxviij 1. e vj
summes ' de furment en les nuns des avant diz Willam e Peyuteuyn,
a rendre xxvj 1. et ij summes de furment a la feste Seynt Nicholas, le
an xlij del regne avant dit, et xxvj 1. e ij summes de furment a la
Chaundelur suant, e xxvj 1. et ij summes de furment al Hokeday
suant, et cent souz de fe de anuele rente, dount les termes furent a les
vytaves de la Pask', le an xliij del regne avant dit, la meyte, et a le
Seynt Michel suant apres, lautre meyte, ceo est a saver, 1 s. a checun
terme, et issi de terme en terme, de an en an, jesk' a la fin del syecle :
totes les avant dites furent en la Huche nostre Seygnur ly Piey des
Cyrogreffes a Bedford, ke fu tolue e arse par les enemys ly Eey en tens
de guere et turbulaciun : totes les dettes avant dites enterement, ove
le gayn ke il y at amunte jesk' al jour ke cest estarr fu fet, ceo est
a saver, mil mars en chatel e en gayn, tut ceo avums nus lesse al
honurable Counte avant dit, et a ses heyrs e a ses assignez, pur nus e
pur noz heyrs et pur noz assignez, vente partite e estable e durable a
touz jours, cum dettes enterement dues et leles, cum fetes de meyn de
clerck' cyrogreffes jure al Eey, et receves de denz la Huche de Bedford
avant dite cum Usage e Dreyt de Juerye. E Jeo grant pur mey e pur
ma mere ke nus ne avums ren receu de totes les dettes avant dites, ne
del chatel ne del gayngne, ne nient receverums, ne ke nus ne avums 2
al avant dit Willam, ne a ses heyrs ne a ses assignez, nul estarr de
aquitaunce, ne ne ferums, si il ne seyt par le cunge et par le seu le
honurable Counte avaunt dit, et par son comaundement ; e si nul Jeu
ou Crestyen aporte estar ou aquitaunce de les avant dites, ou de
partye de chatel ou del gayn, el nun mon pere, Peyuteuyn, avant dit,
ou en noz nouns, Jeo coneys pur mey e pur ma mere ke il est faus, e
sumes obligez a prover e averer ke il est issi, ct abatre le anient :! par
Dreyt e Usage de Juerye. E si il y vient Jeu ou Crestyen et cleyme
dreit, sur le avant dit Counte mette nul despens par enchesun del
cleym avant dit, totes ses despenses, ovek' le damage e la perte ke il
averat par nostre defaute, sumes tenuz nus e noz heyrs a fere luy
restorer ; e quel houre ke le avant dit Counte voudra, ke nus queriums
bref ly Key sur Willam le avant dit ou sur ses heyrs, de somunce ou
de destresce, par Dreit et Usage de la Juerye, nous serroms prestz
a quere le sur ses despenses. E nus sumes obligez a garauntyr et
defendre al avant dit Counte totes les avant dites dettes, ovek' le geyn,
en tote la manere ke est duuse, a luy e a ses heyrs e a ses assignez pur
nus e pur nos heyrs e noz assignez, encountre touz eels ki cleym i
1 See Glossary. - .Sic. Supply ' fet ' from the subsequent ' ferurns.' a See Glossary.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1268 49
payment was Easter in the forty-second year of the said reign, and
a debt of £78 and six seams of wheat in the names of the said
William and Peitevin, to wit, to render £26 and two seams of wheat
at the feast of St. Nicholas in the forty-second year of the said reign,
and £26 and two seams of wheat at Candlemas following, and £26
and two seams of wheat at Hokeday following, and 100s. of yearly
fee-rent, of which the terms were, as to one moiety the octave of
Easter in the forty-third year of the said reign, and as to the other
moiety the feast of St. Michael following, to wit, 50s. at each term,
and so, term by term, year by year, to the end of the world ; all
which said debts were in our Lord the King's Chirograph-Chest
at Bedford, which was taken and burned by the King's enemies when
the realm was distraught with war : all the said debts in full, with
the interest accrued to the day when this starr was made, to wit,
1,000 marks in principal and interest, all this sum we, for ourselves
and for our heirs and for our assigns, have leased to the said
Honourable Earl, and his heirs and his assigns, in sale complete, sure,
and perpetual, as debts altogether due and lawful, as made by
the King's sworn chirograph-clerk, and received into the said
Chirograph-Chest at Bedford according to the Custom and Law of
Jewry. And for myself and my mother I warrant that we neither
have received nor will receive aught of all the debts aforesaid, either
of principal or of interest, and that we neither have made nor will
make in favour of the said William, or his heirs or his assigns, any
starr of acquittance, save by leave and with the knowledge and by the
order of the said Honourable Earl ; and if any Jew or Christian bring
any starr of acquittance of the said debts, or of part of the principal
or interest, either in the name of my said father, Peitevin, or in our
names, I for myself and my mother acknowledge that it is false, and
that we are bound to prove and establish that it is so, and to abate
the error by the Law and Custom of Jewry. And if there come Jew
or Christian and set up claim of right, and by reason of the said
claim put the said Earl to any expense, we and our heirs are bound
to make good to him all his expenses, with the damage and loss which
he may have sustained by our default ; and whensoever the said Earl
shall be minded, that we sue out the King's writ against the said
William or his heirs, whether writ of summons or writ of distress, by
the Law and Custom of Jewry, we will forthwith sue out the same at
his expense. And we are bound to warrant and defend to the said
Earl all the said debts, with the interest, in whatever manner is due,
for us and for our heirs and our assigns to him and his heirs and
50 SCACOARIUM JUDEORUM
purrunt mettre pur Peyuteuyn, mon pere, oui pur nus. E totes les
terres, rentes et tenernenz ke le avant dit Willam de Whyston ad
vendu, a quel home ke il les ad vendu, ceo est a saver, del jour ke les
quatre dettes avant dites furent fetes, sumes obligez nus e noz heyrs
a fere venir eus a play, quel hure ke le honurable Counte avant dit
voudra, ceo est a saver, sur ses despenses, a respundre a luy sulom
Custume e Usage de Jurye de tote la porcion ke a eus apendra, solom
le pris e la value des teres, rentes e tenernenz ke els acbaterunt puys
ke noz dettes avant dites furent fetes. E ceste vente, warantye e
defens' avant dites avunis obligez noz teres, rentes e chatels, nioebles
e nun moebles. E Jeo grant pur rney, e tesmoyngne pur ma mere
Bele avant dite, ke les quatre dettes avant dites sur les nuns Willam
de Whyston e Peyuteuyn avant diz furent enroulez en les roules
Synmn Passelewe, quant il ala a enrouler partye de Huches de Engle-
tere, e furent apurez en le tens Johan de Kauz, Abbe de Burgh', dunk'
Tresorer del Escheker. E totes les avant diz covenaunz a aver les
fermes et estables al avant dit honurable Counte, e a ses heyrs e a ses
assignez, sumes tenuz nus e noz heyrs e noz assignez, et totes les
covenaunz ay Jeo grante e ensele pur mey e pur ma mere, Bele, e pur
noz heyrs, e pur nos assignez. Cest estar fu fet lendemeyn del Hoke-
day, le an lij del regne ly Eey Henry, fiz ly Rey Johan. E ceo ke Jeo
ay grante ay Jeo ensele purmey et tesmoigne pur ma mere Bele.
CORAM DOMINO BEGE DE OCTABIS PURIFICATIONIS
B. MARIE ANNO ETC. QUINQUAGESIMO QUARTO.
Dominus Rex mandat Justiciariis suis ad placita Judeorum assig-
natis, quod mitterent hue placitum et recordum coram eis habitum
inter Thomam Malemeyns, querentem, et Mabilliam Maleineyns,
Willelmum de Pontona et Petrum de Pontona, executores testamenti
Henrici Malemeyns, ad hune diem, de placito acquietacionis x m.
Ad quem diem, predicti Justiciarii miserunt predictum placitum et
recordum. Postea venit predictus Thomas Malemeyns, et peciit licen-
ciam concordandi cum predictis Mabillia et aliis. Habeat ad instanciam
Domine Regine. Et est concordia talis : quod predictus Thomas per-
1 From Curia Regis Roll 107, m. 17.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 50
his assigns, against all those who may make claim thereto through
my father, Peitevin, or through us. And as to all the lands, rents
and tenements which the said William de Winston has sold, to whom-
soever he has sold them, to wit, from the day when the said four
debts were made, we and our heirs are bound to cause them come to
plea, whenever the said Honourable Earl shall be so minded, to wit,
at his expense, to answer him according to the Custom and Usage of
Jewry, for the several portions of the debts resting upon each of them,
according to the price and value of the lands, rents and tenements
which they shall have purchased since our said debts were made.
And for this sale, warranty, and defence aforesaid we have bound
our lands, rents and chattels, movable and immovable. And for
myself and my mother, Belle, aforesaid, I warrant and witness that
the four said debts under the names of William de Whiston and
Peitevin, aforesaid, were enrolled in the rolls of Simon Passelewe,
when he went to enroll the contents of some of the Chirograph -
Chests of England, and were liquidated in the time ' of John de
Caux, Abbot of Peterborough, then Treasurer of the Exchequer.
And we, and our heirs and our assigns, are bound to the said
Honourable Earl, and his heirs and his assigns, to keep all the said
covenants unbroken and unimpaired, and all the said covenants
I have made and sealed for myself and my mother, Belle, and for our
heirs, and for our assigns. This starr was made on the morrow
of Hokeday in the fifty-second year of the reign of King Henry, son
of King John. And that which I have granted I have sealed for
myself and witnessed for my mother, Belle.
BEFORE OUR LORD THE KING ON THE OCTAVE OF THE
PURIFICATION OF BLESSED MARY IN THE FIFTY-
FOURTH YEAR ETC. [a.d. 1270.]
Our Lord the King commands his Justices assigned to the pleas
of the Jews to send hither on this day the plea and record, touching
an acquittance of 10 marks, had before them between Thomas Male-
meyns, plaintiff, and Mabel Malemeyns and William de Ponton and
Peter de Ponton, executors of the will of Henry Malemeyns. On
which day the said Justices sent the said plea and record. Afterwards
came the said Thomas Malemeyns, and craved leave to make fine with
the said Mabel and others. Let him have it at the instance of our
Lady the Queen. And the fine is so, that the said Thomas released
1 45-47 Hen. III., 1260-2. Madox, ii. 319.
Rot 10, m. J
ilorso.
Kane.
51 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
donavit et remisit prefatis Mabillie et aliis omneni accioneni quam
habuit versus eos petendi predictas x m., pro debito prefati Henrici
Malemeyns, in quo aliquando tenebatur Vives, filio Magistri Mossei,
Judeo, Londonie. Pro hac auteru perdonacioue et reuiissione dabunt
prefati Mabiilia et alii prefato Thome vj rn., reddendas eidem Thome
ad Pascha proximo sequens. Et nisi fecerint, concedunt, quod Yice-
comes faciat de terris et catallis etc. Postea venit attornatus predicte
Mabillie, et solvit Thome Malemeyns ij m., et petit, quod nulla dis-
triccio fiat super earn de cetero pro residuo, quia predicti Willelmus de
Pontona et Petrus de eadem satis habent unde solvere. Et predictus
Thomas hoc bene concedit.
DE TEBMINO PASCHE ANNO QUINQUAGESIMO QUAETO.
Pex optulit se iiij° die versus Badulfuru Haket, Johannem de
Pecham, Johannem de La Haye, Johannem de Ostregate, Laurentium
de Neusel', Hugonem de S. Gregorio, Willelmum de Stonham, Eogerum
de Tudesham, Thomam de Farle, Eeginaldum de Blancmuster,
Eadulfum de Byham, Eogerum de Tilmannestona, Nicholaum Barrok'
et Mainardum "Winiund, de placito, quod nuper tempore turbacionis
pacis in regno habite venerunt ad domum Simonis Paable in Cantuaria,
et Archam Cirographorum Cantuarie in domo ilia existentem vi et armis
amoveri et asportari fecerunt, contra pacem etc. Et ipsi non venerunt.
Et preceptum fuit Yicecomiti, quod ipsos attachiari faceret, ita quod
haberet corpora eorum coram etc. Et Yicecomes mandavit, quod
Willelmus Haket et Elias de Betleshangre manuceperunt predictum
Eadulfum Haket, et Elias Le Paumer et Nigellus de Chetham manu-
ceperunt Johannem de Pecham, et Willelmus films Willelmi, de Orla-
vestona, et Edmundus Waryn manuceperunt Laurentium de Neusel',
et Willelmus de Tudesham et Petrus de Berklinden' manuceperunt
Eogerum de Tudesham et Eogerus Cocus, de Wereham, et Edmundus
Molendinarius, de Orlavestona, manuceperunt Nicholaum Barrok', et
Eicardus, filius Nicholai de La Broke, et Adam, films Nicholai de eadem,
manuceperunt Mainardum Wimund, quos non habuerunt (ideo in
misericordia), et quod Johannes de La Haye, Johannes de Ostregate,
Hugo de S. Gregorio, Willelmus de Stonham, Eogerus Blancmuster,
Eadulfus de Byham nichil habent in balliva sua per quod possint dis-
tringi. Judicium, quod predicti Eadulfus Haket et alii distringantur
per terras et catalla etc., ita quod nee ipsi etc., et quod de exitibus etc.,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEAN'S, A.D. 1270 51
and renounced to the said Mabel and others all right of action which
he had against them for the recovery of the said 10 marks, on account
of airy debt of the said Henry Malemeyns, in which he was bound to
Vives, son of Master Moses, Jew, of London. For which release and
renunciation the said Mabel and others will give to the said Thomas
6 marks, payable to the said Thomas at Easter next following. And
if they should make default, they grant that the Sheriff make of then-
lands and chattels etc. Afterwards comes the attorney of the said
Mabel, and pays Thomas Malemeyns 2 marks, and craves, that there
be no distress upon her in future for the residue, because the said
William de Ponton and Peter de Ponton have wherewith to pay. And
it is so granted by the said Thomas.
EASTER TERM IN THE FIFTY-FOURTH YEAR. [a.d. 1270.]
The King offered himself on the fourth day against Ralph Haket,
John de Peckham, John de La Hay, John de Oystergate, Laurence de
Newsells, Hugh de St. Gregory, William de Stoneham, Roger de
Tudsham, Thomas de Farley, Reginald de Blancminster,1 Ralph de
Byham, Roger de Tilmanstone, Nicholas Barrock and Maynard
Wimund, touching a plea, that during the recent disordered state of
the realm they came to the house of Simon Pabley in Canterbury, and
with force and arms caused the Canterbury Chirograph-Cheat, which
was then in that house, to be removed and taken away, against the
peace etc. And they did not come. And the Sheriff was commanded
to cause them to be attached, so as to have their bodies before etc.
And the Sheriff sent word, that William Haket and Elias de
Betshanger mainperned the said Ralph Haket, and Elias Le Paumer
and Nigel de Chetham mainperned John de Peckham, and William
Fitz William, of Orleston, and Edmund Waryn mainperned Laurence
de Newsells, and William de Tudsham and Peter de Berklinden
mainperned Roger de Tudsham, and Roger Cook, of Warham,
and Edmund Miller, of Orleston, mainperned Nicholas Barrock,
and Richard, son of Nicholas de La Broke, and Adam, son of Nicholas
de La Broke, mainperned Maynard Wimund, and had them not —
so in mercy— and that John de La Hay, John de Oystergate, Hugh de
St. Gregory, William de Stoneham, Roger Blancminster, and Ralph de
Byham have nought in his bailiwick whereby they may be distrained.
Judgment, that the said Ralph Haket and the others be distrained by
lands and chattels etc., so that neither they etc., and that touching the
1 Both Whitchurch and Oswestry were so designated. Eyton, Shropshire, x. 18, 335.
52 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
et quod haberet corpora eorum coram etc. in octabis S. Trinitatis, ad
respondendum etc., et ad audiendum etc., et quod predicti Johannes
de La Haye et alii attachientur.
Henna, que fuit uxor Aaron de Eboraco, optulit se iiij0 die versus
Thomam Kyme, de Northamptona, de placito, quod ei reddat raciona-
bilem dotem suam, que earn contingit de libero tenemento quod fuit
predicti Aaron, quondam viri soi, in Northamptona, unde nichil habet,
ut dicit, et unde queritur quod predictus Thomas vi deforciat. Et ipse
non venit ; et preceptum fuit Vicecomiti, quod ipsum summoneret
quod esset coram etc. ad hunc diem. Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod
retornatum fuit ballivis Libertatis Northamptone, qui nichil inde
responderunt. Judicium, quod non omittat propter predictam
Libertatem, quin earn etc., et ipsum summoneat etc., quod sit coram
etc. a die S. Johannis Baptiste in xv dies, ad respondendum etc.
Henna, que fuit uxor Aaron de Eboraco, Judea, que tulit breve
super Adam de Normanvilla, tenentem quandam partem terrarum que
fuerunt Eadulfi de Normanvilla, de placito debiti non est prosecuta.
Ipsa Henna et Isaac, nepos Aaron, Samuel, films Isaac, Judei, Eboraci,
plegii sni, in misericordia.
Henna, que fuit uxor Aaron de Eboraco, Judea, optulit se iiij0 die
versus Abbatem de Fontibus, Walterum de Merkefeld et Johannem Le
Walays, tenentes terras que fuerunt Nicholai de Bohum, de placito,
quod ei reddant vj 1. quas ei debent occasione finis facti cum Eege
pro catallis que fuerunt Samuelis, filii Aaron, Judei, fratris ipsius
Henne, et occasione predictarum terrarum quas tenent, et que sunt
vadium suum pro predicto debito secundum convencionem factam inter
predictum Nichoiaum et predictum Samuelem per cirographum vj 1.,
unde altera pars etc. fuit in Thesauro Regis, que tempore turbacionis
regni depredata fuit, ut dicitur. Et ipsi non venerunt ; et preceptum
fuit Vicecomiti, quod ipsos venire faceret. Et Vicecomes mandavit,
quod Bobertus, filius Alexandri de Usburna, et Johannes de Graftona
manuceperunt predictum Abbatem, et quod Thomas ad Portam de
Munketona, pistor, de eadem, manuceperunt predictum Johannem,
quosnon habent (ideo in misericordia), et quod Walterus de Merkefeld
non fuit inventus postquam breve venit. Judicium, quod distringat
per terras etc., ita quod nee ipsi etc., et quod habeat corpora eorum
coram etc. in octabis S. Trinitatis, ad respondendum etc., et ad
audiendum etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1270 52
issues etc., and that he have their bodies before etc. on the octave of
Holy Trinity, to answer etc., and to hear etc., and that the said John
de La Hay and the others be attached.
Henna, wife that was of Aaron of York, offered herself on the
fourth day against Thomas Kyme, of Northampton, touching a plea,
that he render her her reasonable dower, which falls to her in regard of
the free tenement which belonged to the said Aaron, her late husband,
in Northampton, whereof she has nothing, so she says, and whereof
she complains that the said Thomas deforces her. And he did not
come ; and the Sheriff was commanded to summon him to be before
etc. on this day. And the Sheriff sent word, that return was made to
the bailiffs of the Liberty of Northampton, who answered nought
thereto. Judgment, that he omit not by reason of the said Liberty to
enter the same and summon him etc., to be before etc. on the quindene
of St. John the Baptist, to answer etc.
Henna, wife that was of Aaron of York, Jewess, who brought writ
against Adam de Norman ville, tenant of part of the lands which
belonged to Ealph de Normanville, touching a plea of debt, has not
prosecuted. Henna and Isaac, Aaron's nephew, and Samuel, son of
Isaac, Jews, of York, her pledges, in mercy.
Henna, wife that was of Aaron of York, Jewess, offered herself on
the fourth day against the Abbot of Fountains, Walter de Markenfield,
and John Le Walays, tenants of lands which belonged to Nicholas de
Bohun, touching a plea, that they pay her £6 which they owe her in
respect of a fine made with the King for the chattels which belonged
to Samuel, son of Aaron, Jew, her, Henna's, brother, and in respect
of the said lands which they hold, and which are her gage for the
said debt pursuant to an agreement made between the said Nicholas
and Samuel by chirograph for £6, of which the other part etc. was in
the King's Treasury, and was stolen, so it is said, during the late
disorders in the realm. And they did not come ; and the Sheriff was
commanded to cause them to come. And the Sheriff sent word, that
Bobert, son of Alexander de Ouseburn, and John de Grafton main-
perned the said Abbot, and that Thomas at Monkton Gate, baker, of
the same place, mainperned the said John, and they have them not— so
in mercy — and that Walter de Markenfield was not found when the
writ came. Judgment, that he distrain by lands etc., so that neither
they etc., and that he have their bodies before etc. on the octave of
Holy Trinity, to answer etc., and to hear etc.
ib. m. 7.
Cantelir.
53 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Henna, que fuit uxor Aaron de Eboraco, Judea, optulit se iiij0 die
versus Adam, filium Eicardi de Scouteby, de placito, quod ei reddat
cix s., Hugonem de Hnckerby lx s., et Eobertum, filium Thome de
Ettona, vj L, quos quidem denarios ei debent occasione finis quern pre-
dicta Henna fecit cum Eege pro catallis Samuelis, filii Leonis, Judei,
mortui, fratris sui, habendis, secundum convencionem factam inter
predictos Adam, Hugonem et Eobertum et predictum Samuelem per
tria cirographa, unde partes etc., que fuerunt in Thesauro Eegis
tempore turbacionis regni, depredate fuerunt, ut dicitur. Et ipsi non
venerunt; et preceptum fuit Vicecomiti, quod ipsos venire faceret.
Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod Eobertus Scitals, de Morland, et Thomas
Le Escote, de Huckerby, manuceperunt predictum Hugonem, quern
non habent (ideo in misericordia) . Et pro predictis Adam et Eoberto
mandatum fuit ballivis Libertatis de Tykehill et Andree de Killing-
holme et Eogero Pasent, ballivis, qui nichil inde fecerunt. Judicium,
quod predictus Hugo distringatur per terras etc., ita quod nee ipse
etc., et quod habeat corpus ejus coram etc. in octabis S. Trinitatis, ad
respondendum etc., et ad audiendum etc., et quod non omittat propter
Libertatem predictam, quin earn etc., et venire faciat coram etc. ad
eundem diem predictos Adam et Eobertum, ad respondendum etc.
Mosseus de Sancto Licio et Samuel de Sancto Licio, filii et heredes
de Isaac de Sancto Licio, fuerunt attachiati ad respondendum Gal-
frido de Sausetona de placito acquietancie debiti, et unde queritur,
quod predicti Mosseus et Samuel eum injuste non acquietent de
tribus marcis et dim., que ab eo exiguntur per summonicionem etc. ad
opus Eegis, occasione terrarum que fuerunt Willelmi de Burgo quas
tenet, ad dampnum suum, c s. ; et hoc offert etc.
Predicti Mosseus et Samuel veniunt et defendunt vim etc. et
petunt, quid habet per quod ipsum de predicto debito acquietare
debent. Predictus Galfridus protulit quocldam starrum in hec verba : —
Quod Isaac de Sancto Licio recognovit, quod ipse et heredes sui
tenentur acquietare "Willehnum de Burgo, de Saustona, de omnibus
debitis, in quibus umquam tenebatur dicto Isaac vel alicui alii Judeo,
in Archa Cirographorum Cantebrigie existentibus, factis a creacione
seculi usque ad festum S. Johannis Baptiste anno etc. xliij°, excepto
Abraham, filio Samuelis, quia penes ipsum aliquam acquietanciam
facere non tenentur. Et per dictum starrum predictus Galfridus, tam-
quam tenens quandam partem terre dicti Willelmi, peciit de predictis
.Judeis acquietanciam de predicto debito.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1270 53
Henna, wife that was of Aaron of York, Jewess, offered herself on
the fourth da}7 against Adam, son of Richard de Scouteby,1 touching a
plea, that he pay her 109s., likewise against Hugh de Huckerby as to
60s., and Robert, son of Thomas de Etton, as to £6, which moneys they
owe her in respect of a fine which the said Henna made with the
King for the chattels of Samuel, son of Leo, Jew, deceased, her brother,
pursuant to an agreement made between the said Adam, Hugh,
Robert, and the said Samuel by three chirographs, the parts of which,
being in the King's Treasury during the late disorders of the realm,
were thence stolen, so it is said. And they did not come ; and the
Sheriff was commanded to cause them to come. And the Sheriff sent
word, that Robert Scitals, of Morland, and Thomas Le Escote, of
Huckerby, mainperned the said Hugh, and have him not — so in mercy.
And as to the said Adam and Robert mandate was given to the bailiffs
of the Liberty of Tickhill, and the bailiffs, Andrew de Killingholme
and Roger Pasent, who did nothing in regard thereof. Judgment, that
the said Hugh be distrained by lands etc., so that neither he etc., and
that the Sheriff have his body before etc. on the octave of Holy
Trinity, to answer etc., and hear etc., and that he omit not by reason
of the said Liberty to enter etc., and cause the said Adam and
Robert to come before etc. on the same day, to answer etc.
Moses of Senlis and Samuel of Senlis, sons and heirs of Isaac of
Senlis, were attached to answer Geoffrey de Sawston touching a plea
of acquittance of debt, whereof he complains, that the said Moses and
Samuel unlawfully refuse him acquittance of 3| marks, wdiich are
demanded from him by summons etc. to the use of the King, in
respect of lands which belonged to William de Burgh, of which he
is tenant, to his damage, 100s. ; and this he offers etc.
The said Moses and Samuel come and defend the force etc. and
crave to know, what he has to show that they are bound to acquit
him of the said debt. The said Geoffrey produced a starr to the
effect following : — That Isaac of Senlis acknowledged, that he and his
heirs are bound to acquit William de Burgh, of Sawston, of all debts,
in which he was ever bound to the said Isaac or any other Jew, by
chirographs in the Cambridge Chirograph-Chest, from the creation of
the world to the feast of St. John the Baptist in the forty-third year
of the reign, except only debts due to Abraham, son of Samuel, towards
whom they are not bound to make any acquittance. And by virtue
of the said starr the said Geoffrey, as tenant of part of the lands of the
said William, craved from the said Jews acquittance of the said debt.
1 Perhaps Scoteby. Thoroton, Nottinghamshire, ed. Throsby, ii. 30(J.
na i]
54 SCACOAEIUM JUDEORUM
Predicti Judei dicunt, quod ad breve dicti Galfridi respondere non
tenentur, eo quod in brevi suo nee in narracione sua continetur, quod
ipsum acquietare debent versus aliqueni Judeum, set quod ab eo
exigiturper summonicionem Scaccarii Judeorum, et in starro contine-
tur, quod de debitis Judeorum in Archa Cirograpborum Cantebrigie
existentibus dictum Willelmum acquietare debent ; et sibi dicunt, quod
ei respondere non tenentur, eo quod dictum starrum factum est dicto
Willelmo de acquietancia, et predictus Galfridus peciit sibi predictam
acquietanciam fieri, et de hoc peciit judicium. Et predictus Gal-
fridus pecit, si aliquid aliud dicere volunt, et si narrator eorum, scilicet,
Isaac de Suthwerk', sit advocatus. Et predictus Mosseus dicit, quod in
nullo ipsum Isaac advocavit, set dicit, quod predicto Galfrido respon-
dere non tenentur, eo quod iidem Mosseus et Samuel habent tercium
fratrem suum et heredem, absque quo respondere non tenentur ; et de
hoc pecit judicium.
Predictus Galfridus dicit, quod dictus Mosseus tantummodo solus,
absque fratribus suis, ipsum de predicto debito acquietare debet, eo
quod ipse Mosseus solus habet omnia catalla que fuerunt dicti Isaac,
patris ipsorum, per finem quern fecit coram Justiciariis etc. post mortem
patris sui ; et desicut ipse solus habet bona et catalla patris sui,
ipse solus hujusmodi acquietanciam facere debet ; et de hoc ponit se
super rotulos Piegis de Finibus, et super Justiciarios.
Predictus Mosseus dedicere non potuit, quin ipse solus finem fecit
cum Eege de omnibus bonis et catallis que fuerunt predicti Isaac,
patris sui, habendis ; et in rotulo Regis de Finibus continetur, quod
ipse solus finem fecit cum Piege de predictis catallis habendis. Ideo
consideratum est, quod predictus Mosseus acquietet predictum debitum
trium marcarum et dim., et sit in misericordia, et quod satisfaciat
predicto Galfrido de dampnis suis, que taxata sunt ad duas marcas.
Et predictus Isaac, ejus narrator, quia disadvocatus est per predictum
m'.imp Mosseum, in misericordia.
Abraham, films Joseei, Judeus, fait attachiatns ad respondendum
Thome de Basinges, filio et heredi Ade de Basinges, et Johanne, uxori
ejus, de placito transgressionis, et unde dictus Thomas queritur,
quod, cum Willelmus de Dyne aliquo tempore predicto Abrahe tene-
batur in uno debito xl m. per cartam suam, que fuit in Archa Ciro-
grapborum apud Eboracum, sub nominibus predicti Willelmi et dicti
Abrahe, idem Abraham die Jovis proxima post Purificacionem B.
Marie anno etc. xlviij0 vendidit prefate Johanne predictum debitum
xl m., et lxv 1. de arreragiis, tanquam bonum debitum et legale, pro
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 54
The said Jews say, that they are not bound to answer the writ of
the said Geoffrey, because neither in his writ nor in his count is it
contained, that they are bound to acquit him against any Jew, but
only against demands made upon him by summons of the Exchequer
of the Jews, and in the starr it is contained, that they are bound to
acquit the said William of debts of the Jews by chirographs in the
Cambridge Chirograph-Chest ; and they say, that they are not bound to
answer him, because the said starr is made touching acquittance for
the said William, and the said Geoffrey sought acquittance to be made
to himself, and of this he (Moses) craved judgment. And the said
Geoffrey craves to know, whether they have aught else to say, and
whether their countor, Isaac of Southward, be avowed. And the
said Moses says, that he has not avowed Isaac at all, but he says, that
they are not bound to answer the said Geoffrey, because they, Moses
and Samuel, have a third brother and heir, in whose absence they are
not bound to answer; and as to this he craves judgment.
The said Geoffrey says, that the said Moses by himself, without his
brothers, is bound to acquit him of the said debt, seeing that he, Moses,
by himself has all the chattels which belonged to the said Isaac, their
father, by virtue of a fine which he made before the Justices etc. after
his father's death ; and seeing that he by himself has his father's goods
and chattels, he by himself is bound to make such acquittance ; and as to
this he puts himself upon the King's Fine Eolls and upon the Justices.
The said Moses could not deny, that he by himself made fine with the
King for all the goods and chattels which belonged to his said father,
Isaac ; and in the King's Fine Eoll it is recorded, that he by himself
made fine with the King for the said chattels. So it is adjudged, that
the said Moses acquit the said debt of B| marks, and be in mercy, and
that he make good to the said Geoffrey his damages, which are taxed
at 2 marks. And the said Isaac, his countor, because he is disavowed
by the said Moses, is in mercy.
Abraham, son of Joce, Jew, was attached to answer Thomas de
Basinges, son and heir of Adam de Basinges, and Joan, his wife,
touching a plea of trespass, whereof the said Thomas complains,
that, whereas William de Dyne was at one time bound to the said
Abraham in a debt of 40 marks by his charter, which was in the
York Chirograph-Chest, under the names of the said William and
Abraham, the said Abraham did, on the Thursday next after the
Purification of Blessed Mary in the 48th year of the reign, sell to the
said Joan the said debt of 40 marks, and £65 of arrears, as a good and
55 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
iiijxx xj 1., quas ab ipsa plenarie recepit, et unam cartam in Archa
Cirographorum Eboraci existentem warantizare debuit per starrum
suum, quod fecit predicte Johanne; desicut prefatus Abraham, ante
vendicionem predictarn predicte Johanne sic factani, predictum debituru
xl m. predicto Willelrno quietaverat, et cartarn inde ab Archa predieta
extrahi et dampnari fecerat, in fraudem et decepcionem predicte
Johanne et heredurn suorum, ad eorum jacturam, dampnum non
modicum, et contra pacem, ad dampnum predicte Thome, el.; et hoc
offert etc.
Predictus Abraham venit et defendit vim etc. et petit, quid pre-
dictus Thomas habuit de predieta vendicione.
Predictus Thomas protulit starrum dicti Abrahe in hec verba :—
Quod predictus Abraham recognovit per starrum suum, quod vendidit
et dimisit, de se et heredibus suis, Johanne de Basinges, quondam
uxori Ade de Basinges, et heredibus et assignatis suis, unum debitum
xl m. de sorte et lxv 1. de lucro, tanquam bonum debitum et legale et
in Archa Cirographorum Eboraci existens, et quod inde non fecit nee
faciet aliquod starrum vel aliquid aliud quod nocere possit, vel pro-
longare predictarn Johannam, heredes vel assignatos suos, de predicto
debito et lucro, in toto vel in parte ; et predictus Abraham tenetur,
pro se et heredibus suis, warantizare totum predictum debitum, catallum
et lucrum, predicte Johanne, heredibus et assignatis suis, sicut debitum
legale et purum, et quod carta inde est in Archa Cirographorum
Eboraci facta secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi ; quod
quideni starrum recognitum est et inrotulatum in Termino S. Hillarii
anno etc. xlviij", coram Domino Hamone Hauteyn et Willelrno de
Haselbech, tunc Justiciariis.
Predictus Judeus venit et recognovit predictum starrum et omnes
articulos in eodem starro contentos, et petiit, in quo articulo venit
contra predictarn convencionem.
Predictus Thomas dicit, quod, ubi dictus Abraham die Jovis
proxima post Puriticacionem B. lVIarie anno etc. xlviij0 vendidit pre-
dicte Johanne predictum debitum xl m. tanquam bonum debitum et
legale, et in Archa Cirographorum existens, predieta carta per quatuor
annos ante vendicionem predictarn ab Archa Eboraci extracta fait et
quietata ; et de hoc point se super rotulos Domini Kogeri de La Leyhe,
qui, per preceptum Begis, fecit scrutinium Arche Cirographorum
Eboraci in anno xlvj0.
Predictus Judeus dicit, quod die vendicionis predicte fuit predieta
carta in Archa Cirographorum Eboraci bona, legalis et debita, nee
ante vendicionem predictarn, nee umquam postea, per ipsum Judeum
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 55
lawful debt, for £91, which he received from her in full, and he was to
warrant a charter in the York Chirograph-Chest by his starr, which he
made to the said Joan ; howbeit the said Abraham, before the said sale
to the said Joan so made, had acquitted the said debt of 40 marks to
the said William, and had caused the charter thereof to be taken out
of the said Chest and cancelled, to the defrauding and cheating of the
said Joan and her heirs, to their no small loss and damage, against
the peace, and to the damage of the said Thomas, £100 ; and this he
offers etc.
The said Abraham comes and defends the force etc. and craves
to know, what the said Thomas had in evidence of the said sale.
The said Thomas produced a starr of the said Abraham to the
effect : — That the said Abraham acknowledged by his starr, that, for
himself and his heirs, he has sold and demised to Joan de
Basinges, wife that was of Adam de Basinges, and her heirs and
assigns, a debt of 40 marks, principal, and £65, interest, as
a good and lawful debt, the chirograph whereof is in the York
Chirograph-Chest, and that he neither has made nor will make
any starr thereof or aught else that may cause loss or delay to
the said Joan, her heirs or assigns, touching the said debt and
interest, either in whole or in part ; and the said Abraham is bound,
for himself and his heirs, to warrant all the said debt, principal and
interest, to the said Joan, her heirs and assigns, as a lawful and clear
debt, and whereof the charter is in the York Chirograph-Chest duly
made according to the Assize and Custom of Jewry ; which starr is
acknowledged and enrolled in the roll of Hilary Term in the 48th
year of the reign, before Sir Hamo Hauteyn and William de
Haselbech, then Justices.
The said Jew came and acknowledged the said starr and all the
clauses in the said starr contained, and craved to know, in what
clause he had gone counter to the said agreement.
The said Thomas says, that, when the said Abraham sold to the
said Joan the said debt of 40 marks as a good and lawful debt, of
which the chirograph was in the York Chirograph-Chest, to wit, on
the Thursday next after the Purification of Blessed Mary in the 48th
year, the said charter had then for four years before the said sale
been withdrawn from the York Chest and acquitted ; and as to this he
puts himself upon the rolls of Sir Boger de La Leye, who, by order
of the King, made the scrutiny of the York Chirograph-Chest in the
46th year.
The said Jew says, that on the day of the said sale the said charter
56 SOAOCARIUM JUDEORUM
fuit extracta a predicta Arcba, et hoc promptus est verificare etc. ; et
elicit, quod super Cirographarios Arche predicte se non debet ponere,
nee per ipsos debet attingi, quia si aliqua fraus de extractione pre-
dicte carte fuerit, carta ilia extrahi rion posset nisi per manus pre-
dictorum Cirographariorum .
Et datus est dies partibus ad certificacionem babendam super
premissis per rotulos dicti Eogeri de La Leyhe, si fieri possit, in
octabis S. Trinitatis ; et si per scrutinium predictoruni rotulorum
inquiri non possit, tunc inquiratur per patriam.
Et Josceus, filius Flurie, Mosseus de Wiltonia, et Manserus, films
Hak', Judei, inanuceperunt ad habendum predictum Abraham ad pre-
dictum diem. Ad quern diem partes predicte venerunt, et predictus
Eogerus de La Leyhe venit, et in presencia Thesaurarii dixit et
recordavit, quod per preceptum Eegis in autumpno anno etc. xlv° l fecit
scrutinium Arche Cirographorum Eboraci, et in eadem Archa invenit
unam cartam xl m. sub nominibus Willelmi de Dyne et Abrahe, filii
Joscei, et in puramento catallorum ejusdem Arche dictum fuit,
recordatum et testificatum per Cirographarios ejusdem Arche, quod
predicta carta fuit quieta ; unde per dictum et recordum ipsorum
Cirographariorum permisit, quod predicta carta fuit extracta a predicta
Archa.
Et quia per recordum dicti Eogeri de predicto scrutinio attinctum
est, quod predicta carta fuit quieta in anno xlv°, et ab Archa extracta,
et predictus Abraham debitum illius carte tribus annis postea vendidit
predicte Johanne, scilicet, in anno xlviij0, consideratum est, quod pre-
dictus Abraham pro predicta falsitate committetur prisone. Et
liberatur ad prisonam Turris Londonie in custodia Hugonis filii
Octonis. Et quod habeat recuperare suum de predictis iiijxx et xj 1.
quas dicta Johanna dicto Judeo dedit pro predicto debito, et de
dampnis suis que non taxantur.
CARTE WILLELMI DE VALENCIA FACTE NICIIOLAO FILIO MARTINI
DE L MARCIS ANNUI REDDITUS DE FEODO.
Sciant presentes et futuri, quod ego, Willelmus de Valencia,
Dominus Penbrok' et frater Domini Henrici illustris Eegis, dedi,
1 Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 56
was in the York Chirograph-Chest, good, lawful, and duly made, and
was not withdrawn from the said Chest before the said sale nor yet at
any time afterwards by him, the Jew ; and this he is ready to verify
etc. ; and he says, that he is not bound to put himself upon the
Chirographers of the said Chest, nor ought the attaint to be made by
them, because if there were aught of fraud connected with the with-
drawal of the said charter from the Chest, they would be parties
thereto, for the charter could not have been withdrawn except by the
hands of the said Chirographers.
And a day is given to the parties to have a certificate of the pre-
mises by the rolls of the said Roger de La Leye, if it be possible, on
the octave of Holy Trinity ; and if by scrutiny of the said rolls inquest
may not be had, then let the inquest be had by the country.
And Joce, son of Fluria, Moses of Wilton, and Manser, son of Hah,
Jews, mainperned the said Abraham to have him present on the said
day. On which day the said parties came, and the said Roger de La
Leye came and in presence of the Treasurer said and bore record,
that by order of the King he made in the autumn of the 45th year of
the reign a scrutiny of the York Chirograph-Chest, and found in the
said Chest a charter for 40 marks under the names of William de
Dyne and Abraham, son of Joce, and on the liquidation of the chattels
of the said Chest the Chirographers of the said Chest said and bore
record and witnessed, that the said charter was quit ; for which
cause, on the word and by the record of the Chirographers themselves,
he suffered the said charter to be withdrawn from the said Chest.
And because by the record of the said Roger touching the said
scrutiny it is attaint, that the said charter was quit in the 45th year,
and was withdrawn from the Chest, and the said Abraham sold the debt
contained in that charter three years afterwards to the said Joan, to
wit, in the 48th year, it is adjudged, that for the said fraud the said
Abraham shall be committed to prison. And he is sent to the prison
of the Tower of London under custody of Hugh FitzOtto. And let
him (Thomas) have his recovery of the said £91 which the said Joan
gave the said Jew for the said debt, and also of her damages which
are not taxed.
CHARTERS OF WILLIAM DE VALENCE MADE IN FAVOUR OF
NICHOLAS FITZMARTIN TOUCHING 50 MARKS OF YEARLY FEE-
RENT.
Know present and to come, that I, William de Valence, Lord of
Pembroke and brother of our illustrious Lord King Henry, have given,
57 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Domino Nicholao filio
Martini, et Isabelle, uxori ejus, pro serviciis suis, 1 m. annul redditus
sibi et heredibus eorum de dicta Isabella procreatis, vel eorum
assignatis percipiendas annuatim de terris et tenementis que quon-
dam fuerunt Domini Petri filii Mathei et heredum ipsius Petri,
videlicet, ad Pascba xxv m. et ad festum S.Michaelis xxvm., in quibus
predictus Petrus aliquando tenebatur per cartam suam Aaron, filio
Abrahe, Judeo, Londonie, et quas habui de dono et concessiorie
Domini Henrici Eegis predicti, prout in carta sua de feofamento
quam mihi fecit liberius, plenius, et melius continetur, pro quadrin-
gentis et quater viginti libris sterlingorum quas predicti Nicholaus et
Isabella, uxor sua, mihi dederunt pre manibus, tenendas et habendas
predictas 1 marcas annui redditus sibi et heredibus de predicta
Isabella procreatis, vel eorum assignatis, de me et heredibus et
assignatis meis, libere, quiete, pacifice et integre, jure hereditatis, in
perpetuum, et quod predicti Nicholaus et Isabella, uxor sua, predictas
1 marcas annui redditus poterunt dare, legare, vendere et assignare
quandocunque et cuicunque voluerint ; reddendo hide annuatim mihi
et heredibus et assignatis meis imam rosam, ad Nativitatem S.
Johannis Baptiste, apud Erlestok' in Comitatu Wiltesyra, si tunc pro
eadem rosa transmisero, pro omnibus serviciis, sectis, exaccionibus,
wardis, releviis, auxiliis, et omnibus aliis secularibus demandis, tarn
nominatis quam nominandis. Et ego, predictus Willelmus de
Valencia, et heredes mei et assignati, predictis Domino Nicholao
et Isabelle, uxori sue, et heredibus de predicta Isabella procreatis,
vel eorum assignatis, predictas 1 m. annui redditus per predictum
servicium, ut predictum est, contra omnes Christianos et Judeos
warrantizabimus, acquietabimus, et defendemus imperpetuum. Et ut
hec mea donacio, concessio, et presentis carte mee confirmacio omni
tempore perseverent, presenti scripto sigillum meum duxi apponendum.
Hiis testibus : Dominis Pticardo de Middeltona, tunc Cancellario Domini
Eegis Anglie ; Willelmo de Wyntershull', tunc Senescallo ejusdem
Domini Eegis ; Willelmo La Zuche ; Johanne de Sancto Yalerico ;
Eoberto de Bruwes ; Andrea Wake ; Petro de Coudray ; Johanne
Peverel ; Warino de Sicca Villa, et aliis.
item .ma Sciant etc. quod ego, Willelmus de Valencia etc., dedi, remisi et
penitus quietumclamavi, pro me et heredibus et assignatis meis,
Domino Nicholao filio Martini et heredibus, assignatis et executo-
ribus suis imperpetuum, omnia arreragia que mihi debita fuerunt,
vel aliquo tempore deberi potuerunt, videlicet, quadringentas libras
Clll'til.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1270 57
granted, and by this my present charter confirmed to Sir Nicholas
FitzMartin and Isabella, his wife, in requital of their services, 50 marks
of yearly rent, yearly by them and their heirs procreated of the said
Isabella, or their assigns, to be gotten from the lands and tenements
which formerly belonged to Sir Peter FitzMatthew and his heirs, to
wit, 25 marks at Easter and 25 marks at Michaelmas, in which
50 marks the said Peter was formerly bound by his charter to Aaron,
son of Abraham, Jew, of London, and which I had by gift and grant
of our Lord the said King Henry, as in an ampler, fuller, and better
manner it is contained in the charter of feoffment which he made in
my favour. The said 50 marks of yearly rent I have so given,
granted, and confirmed as aforesaid for £480 sterling which the said
Nicholas and Isabella, his wife, have given me in hand, to have
and to hold to him and his heirs procreated of the said Isabella,
or their assigns, of me and my heirs and assigns, freely, quietly, in
peace, in entirety, and in inheritance for ever ; and to the intent that
the said Nicholas and Isabella, his wife, shall have power to give,
bequeath, sell, and assign the said 50 marks of yearly rent when and
to whomsoever they shall be so minded ; paying thereout yearly to
me and my heirs and assigns, at the Nativity of St. John the Baptist,
a rose, if therefor I shall then send, at Earl Stoke, in the County
of Wilts, in lieu of all services, suits, exactions, wardships, reliefs,
aids, and all other secular demands, as well nameable as named.
And I, the said William de \Talence, and my heirs and assigns, will
the said 50 marks of yearly rent for the said service, as aforesaid,
warrant, acquit, and defend to the said Sir Nicholas and Isabella, his
wife, and his heirs procreated of the said Isabella, or their assigns,
against all Christians and Jews for ever. And that this my gift, grant,
and the confirmation thereof by this my present charter may last
for all time, I have thought good to affix my seal to this present
writing. Witness : Sir Richard de Middleton, then Chancellor of our
Lord the King of England ; Sir William de Wintershull. then Sene-
schal of our said Lord the King ; Sir William La Zouch ; Sir John
de St. Wallere ; Sir Eobert de Bruce ; Sir Andrew Wake ; Sir Peter
de Cowdray, Sir John Peverel, Sir Warin de Sacheville, and others.
Know etc. that I, William de Valence etc., for myself, my heirs
and assigns, have given, made over, and altogether quitclaimed to
Sir Nicholas FitzMartin and his heirs, assigns, and executors for
ever, all arrears which were, or at any time might be, owing to
me, to wit, 4400, on account of detinue of 50 marks, whereof
58 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
occasione cletencionis lm., quas habui pereipiendas, de dono Domini
Regis, de terris et tenementis que quondam fuerunt Domini Petri filii
Mathei, et heredum ipsius Petri ; in quibus idem Petrus Aaron, filio
Abrahe, Judeo, Londonie, per cartam suam aliquando annuatim
tenebatur ; ita, videlicet, quod ego, Willelmus, heredes, nee assignati
vel executores mei, nee aliquis nomine meo, aliquod jus seu clamium
in predictis arreragiis predictarum cccc 1., occasione detencionis pre-
dicti redditus, ab heredibus dicti Petri filii Matbei, seu de Domino
Nicholao filio Martini, custode heredum predicti Petri, aut ab ali-
quibus aliis, decetero vendicare possimus ; quia ego, "Willelmus, pro me
et heredibus meis et assignatis, dedi, remisi et quietumclamavi predicto
Nicholao et heredibus et assignatis suis totum jus et clamium quod
habui, vel aliquo modo habere potui, in predictis cccc 1. que mihi
aliquando aretro fuerunt de predictis lm. annui redditus. Preterea,
volo et concedo pro me et heredibus vel assignatis meis, quod pre-
dictus Nicholaus, heredes et assignati sui, ac etiam executores sni,
tale jus habeant et eandem accionem petendo de omnibus et singulis
terrarum predictarum et tenementorum que quondam fuerunt dicti
Petri aut heredum ipsius Petri, et recipiendo omnia arreragia pre-
dicti redditus mihi debita, sicut predictum redditum in manibus
propriis meis detinuissem. Et pro hac autem donacione, concessione,
et quietaclamancia dedit mihi predictus Nicholaus septingentas et
viginti marcas pre manibus. In cujus rei etc., ut supra.
carta Regis Henricus, Dei gratia Angiie etc., Archiepiscopis, episcopis etc., et
mento.*" onmibus ballivis et fidelibus suis, salutem : — Inspeximus cartam quam
dilectus frater et fidelis noster, Willelmus cle Valencia, Dominus
Penbrok' fecit Nicholao filio Martini et Isabelle, uxori ejus, in hec
verba : — Sciant etc. quod ego, Willelmus de Valencia, Dominus de Pen-
brok', et frater Domini Henrici illustris, Piegis Angiie, dedi, concessi
et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi Domino Nicholao filio Martini
et Isabelle, uxori sue etc., de verbo ad verbum, prout continetur in
priori carta superius scripta, usque ad finem testium. Nos autem,
predictas donacionem, concessionem et confirmacionem ratas habentes
et gratas, eas pro Nobis et heredibus nostris, quantum in Nobis est,
concedimus et confirmamus sicut carta predicta testatur. Hiis
testibus : Venerabilibus Patribus, Waltero, Eboracensi Archiepiscopo,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 58
I had a grant of our Lord the King, to be gotten from the lands
and tenements which formerly belonged to Sir Peter FitzMatthew
and his heirs ; in which 50 marks, payable yearly, the said Peter was
aforetime bound by his charter to Aaron, son of Abraham, Jew, of
London ; so, to wit, that neither I, William, nor my heirs, assigns
or executors, nor any in my name, may have power in future to assert
any right or claim in the said £400, arrears on account of detinue
of the said rent, against the heirs of the said Peter FitzMatthew, or
against Sir Nicholas FitzMartin, guardian of the heirs of the said
Peter, or any others ; seeing that I, William, for myself and my
heirs and assigns, have given, made over, and quitclaimed to the said
Nicholas and his heirs and assigns all the right and claim which I
had, or in any manner might have, in the said £400 which were afore-
time owing to me on account of arrears of the said 50 marks of yearly
rent. Moreover, it is my pleasure, and for myself and my heirs or
assigns I grant, that the said Nicholas, his heirs and assigns, and also
his executors, have such right and the same right of action touching
all and singular the said lands and tenements which formerly belonged
to the said Peter or his, Peter's, heirs, and for the recovery of all
arrears of the said rent due to me, as if I had retained the said
rent in my own hands. And for this gift, grant, and quitclaim the
said Nicholas has given me 720 marks in hand. In witness whereof
etc., as above.
Henry, by the grace of God King of England etc., to Arch-
bishops, bishops, etc., and all his bailiffs and lieges, greeting : — We
have inspected the charter which our dear brother and liege, William
de Valence, Lord of Pembroke, made in favour of Nicholas FitzMartin
and Isabella, his wife, to the effect following : — Know etc. that I,
William de Valence, Lord of Pembroke, and brother of our illustrious
Lord, Henry King of England, have given, granted and by this my
present charter confirmed to Sir Nicholas FitzMartin and Isabella, his
wife etc., word by word, as contained in the earlier charter above
written, to the end of the witnesses ; which said gift, grant, and
confirmation it is our pleasure to ratify ; and We therefore, for Our-
self and our heirs, as far as in Us is, make grant and confirmation
according as it is witnessed in the said charter. Witness : the
Venerable Fathers, Walter,1 Archbishop of York, Primate of England,
1 Giffard, a former chancellor. Arch- Edward for the Crusade, the See of Canter-
bishop Boniface being bound with Prince bury was virtually vacant.
59 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
Anglie Primate, Godefrido, Wigorniensi Episcopo ; Philippo Basset ;
Roberto Walleraund ; Roberto Aguillun ; Willelmo de Aete ; Willelino
Relet ; Rogero de Wautona ; Willelmo de Faukeham, et aliis. Data
per manum nostram apud Westmonasterium, vij° die Feb. anno regni
nostri 1° quarto.
ib. m. 9. Henricus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie etc., Archiepiscopis etc., et omnibus
car*». ballivis et fidelibus suis, salutem : — Inspeximus cartam quam quondam
fieri fecimus dilecto fratri nostro et fideli nostro, Willelmo de Valencia,
in hec verba : — Henricus, Dei gratia Rex Anglie, Dominus Hibernie,
Dux Aquitanie et Comes Andegavie etc., Archiepiscopis etc., salutem : —
Sciatis Nos dedisse et concessisse dilecto fratri et fideli nostro,
Willelmo de Valencia, et beredibus vel assignatis suis, lm. annui
redditus, in quibus Petrus filius Mathei, pro se et heredibus suis,
tenebatur Aaron, filio Abrahe, Judeo, Londonie, et heredibus suis,
usque ad finem secnli, per cirographum inter eos factum ; quas quidem
1 m. annuas idem Aaron Nobis reddidit et concessit, pro se et here-
dibus suis, pro debitis que eidem Aaron concessimus et assignavimus ;
quas eciam 1 m. annuas prius dedimus dilecto militi nostro, Petro
Everard, qui eas Nobis postea remisit et quietas clamavit de se et
heredibus suis imperpetuum ; volentes et concedentes, pro Nobis et
heredibus nostris, quod predictus Willelmus et heredes vel assignati
sui recipiant predictas 1 m. annuas de cetero de Johanne filio Mathei,
fratre et herede dicti Petri filii Mathei, et heredibus suis imper-
petuum, ad eosdem terminos ad quos idem Aaron illas percipere debebat,
secundum tenorem carte sue quam habuit de predicto Petro, et que
est in Thesauro nostro apud Westmonasterium inter cartas de Judaismo
nostro, videlicet, ad Pascha xxvm , et ad festum S. Michaelis xxv m. ; et
si forte contingat terras vel tenementa predicti Johannis, vel heredum
aut aliquorum successor um suorum, racione custodie vel quocunque
alio modo ad manus nostras devenire, volumus et concedimus, pro
Nobis et heredibus nostris, quod predictus Willelmus et heredes vel
assignati sui, vel eorum ballivi, levare possint et recipere de catallis in
predictis terris inventis 1 m. annuas predictas sine impedimento nostro,
vel heredum vel ballivorum nostrorum. Preterea, si contingat predictum
Johannem vel aliquem antecessorum 1 suorum predictas terras suas, vel
1 Sic : perhaps the title was regarded as doubtful. The right of distraint against
successors was virtually given already.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 59
Godfrey,1 Bishop of Worcester; Philip Basset; Robert Walerand;
Robert Aguillon ; William de Aete ; William Belet ; Roger de Walton ;
William de Faukeham, and others. Given by our hand at West-
minster on the 7th day of February in the fifty-fourth year of our
reign.
Henry, by the grace of God King of England etc., to Archbishops
etc., and all his bailiffs and lieges, greeting : — We have inspected the
charter which aforetime We caused to be made to our dear brother and
liege, William de Valence, to the following effect : — Henry, by the grace
of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Aquitaine and
Count of Anjou etc., to Archbishops etc., greeting: — Know that We have
given and granted to our dear brother and liege, William de Valence,
and his heirs or assigns, 50 marks of yearly rent, in which Peter
FitzMatthew, for himself and his heirs, was bound to Aaron, son of
Abraham, Jew, of London, and his heirs, to the end of the world, by
chirograph made between them ; which 50 marks of yearly rent the
said Aaron, for himself and his heirs, surrendered and granted to Us
in exchange for debts which We granted and assigned to the said
Aaron ; which 50 marks of yearly rent We also aforetime gave to our
dear knight, Peter Everard, who afterwards, for himself and his heirs,
made over and quitclaimed them to Us for ever ; and it is our plea-
sure, and for Ourself and our heirs We grant, that the said William
and his heirs or assigns do for the future receive the said 50 marks
of yearly rent from John FitzMatthew, brother and heir of the
said Peter FitzMatthew, and his heirs for ever, at the same terms at
which they were to be gotten by the said Aaron, according to the
tenor of his'charter which he had from the said Peter FitzMatthew,
which charter is in our Treasury at Westminster among the charters
of our Jewry, to wit, at Easter 25 marks, and at Michaelmas 25
marks ; and if it should so happen that the lands or tenements of the
said John, or his heirs or any of his successors, should come by ward-
ship or in any other manner into our hands, it is our pleasure, and for
Ourself and our heirs W^e grant, that the said William and his heirs
or assigns, or their bailiffs, may raise and receive from the chattels
found on the said lands the said 50 marks of yearly rent without
hindrance on the part of Us, our heirs or bailiffs. Furthermore, if it
should so happen that the said John or any of his ancestors should
give, sell, or alienate his said lands, or any part of the same, it is in like
1 Giffard, younger brother of the Archbishop, whom he had succeeded as chancellor
in 1266.
60
SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
aliquain partem earundeni, dare, vender e vel alienare, volunius similiter
et concedimus, pro Nobis et heredibus nostris, quod predicti Willehnus
et heredes vel assignati sui, aut eorum ballivi, districciones facere
possint in terris predictis, secundum Assisam Judaismi nostri, pro
predictis 1 m. annuis levandis et recipiendis ; et quia predictus
Johannes recognovit coram Simone Passelewe, Adam de Greinvilla, et
Thoma Sperun, Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis,
se debere predictas 1 m. annuas usque ad finem seculi, occasione
obligacionis quam predictus Petrus, frater ejusdem Johannis, hide
fecit predicto Aaron, et insuper omnes terras suas et tenementa,
habita et habenda, ad districcionem pro predictis 1 m. annuis facien-
dam obligavit, si in aliquo termino defecerit, volumus et concedimus,
pro Nobis et heredibus nostris, quod liceat predicto Willelmo et
heredibus vel assignatis suis, vel eorum ballivis, districciones facere in
omnibus predictis, vel in una parte earundem, ad voluntatem ipsorum,
pro predictis 1 m. annuis levandis et recipiendis, sicut predictum est,
quicunque terras illas teneat ; et Nos et heredes nostri prefato \Yil-
lelmo et heredibus vel assignatis suis predictum annuum feodum 1 m.
warrantizabimus et acquietabimus et defendemus imperpetuum, se-
cundum Assisam Judaismi. Hiis testibus : Venerabili Patre iEthel-
maro, Wintoniensi Electo ; Guydone et Galfrido de Lezignano, fratribus
nostris ; Simone de Monte Forti, Comite Leicestrie ; Petro de Sabaudia ;
Johanne filio Galfridi ; Ptoberto Walleraund ; Petro de Monte Forti ;
Johanne de Gatesden ; Guydone de Eupe Forti; Elia de Eabayn ;
Imberto Pucheis ; Willelmo Chabbeneys, et aliis. Data per manum
nostram apud Westinonasterium xxviij0 die Deceinbris anno regni
nostri xljn.
Is erat tenor sub priori sigillo nostro quo tunc utebamur, quod
quia postmodum mutatum est, presentem cartam nostram sub sigillo
nostro quo nunc utimur duximus assignandam. Hiis testibus, ut
supra in fine carte proximo scripte. Data per manum nostram apud
Westmonasterium vij° die Feb. anno regni nostri liiij0.
ib. m. 9,
dorso.
Heref.
lxxij s. v d.
ob. vij s.
Folvit
Justic.
Summa catallorum Elie le Evesk', Judei, mortui, tarn mobilium etc.,
xl. xvij s. iiij d., unde terciapars Eegis est Ixxij s. v d. ob. ; pro quibus
habendis Saphira, que fuit uxor dicti Elie, finem fecit cum Eege
per tria biss., pro quibus solvit Justiciariis vij s. Et solvet pre-
dictos lxxij s. v d. ob. terminis subscriptis, videlicet, ad quindenam
S. Michaelis anno etc. liiij° xs. et ad quindenam Pasche proximo
sequentem x s., et sic etc. ad eosdem terminos, quousque etc.,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A. P. 1270 60
manner our pleasure, and for Ourself and our heirs We grant, that the
said William and his heirs or assigns, or their bailiffs, may make
distresses on the said lands, according to the Assize of our Jewry, for
the levy and receipt of the said 50 marks of yearly rent ; and whereas
the said John acknowledged before Simon Passelewe, Adam de Grein-
ville, and Thomas Sperun, our Justices assigned to the custody of the
Jews, that the said 50 marks of yearly rent were owing by him to the
end of the world, by reason of a bond which the said Peter, his brother,
made thereof to the said Aaron, and in addition bound all his lands and
tenements, which he had or might have, to be distrainable for the said
50 marks of yearly rent, if he should make default in payment at any
term, it is our pleasure, and for Ourself and our heirs We grant,
that the said William and his heirs or assigns, or their bailiffs,
may make distresses on all the said lands, or on any part of the same,
at their pleasure, for the levy and receipt of the said 50 marks of
yearly rent, as aforesaid, whoever may hold those lands ; and the said
yearly fee of 50 marks We and our heirs will warrant and acquit and
defend to the said William and his heirs or assigns for ever, according
to the Assize of Jewry. Witness : The Venerable Father Aymer, Elect
of Winchester ; Guy and Geoffrey de Lusignan, our brothers ; Simon
de Montfort, Earl of Leicester ; Pierre de Savoie ; John FitzGeoffrey ;
Piobert Walerand ; Peter de Montfort ; John de Gatesden ; Guy de
Kochfort ; Elias de Kabayn ; Imbert Pucheis ; William Chabbeneys,
and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on the 28th day of
December in the 41st year of our reign.
This was the tenor under our former seal which We then used, but
because it has since been changed, We have deemed it meet to seal
this our present charter with our seal which We now use. Witness,
as above at the close of the charter next, hereto written. Given by
our hand at Westminster on the 7th day of February in the 54th
year of our reign.
iiercf. Sum 0f the chattels of Elias le Eveske,1 Jew, deceased, as well
movables etc., £10 17s. 4d., whereof the King's third part is
72s. 5id. ; for which chattels Sapphira, wife that was of the said
Elias, made fine with the King in 3 bezants, paying therefor to the
Justices 7s. And she will pay the said 72s. 5^d. at the terms under-
written, to wit, 10s. on Michaelmas quindene in the fifty-fourth year
of the reign, and 10s. on Easter quindene next following, and so etc.
Not Chief Rabbi Elias, -who died at a much later date. See Introduction, p. xxxiii.
ib. m. 7,
dorso.
Devon.
61 SCACCAEIUM .TUDEORUM
per plegiacionem Samuelis, filii Isaac de Herefordia, et Joscei, filii
Aaron de Carbini,1 Judeorum, Herefordie. Et preceptum est Vice-
comiti et Cirographariis Herefordie, quod permittant ipsam liberam
etc. de terris etc., tarn infra Archam etc., que fuerunt dicti Elie.
Predicta Saphira dat Kegi unum debitum vm. sub nominibus
Ceciliede Lautona et Elie le Evesk', et unum debitum xs. de Johanne
filio Osmundi, de Copesle, et dicti Elie, que quidem cirographa sunt
in Archa Cirographorum Herefordie. Et preceptum est Cirographa-
riis, quod habeant predicta cirographa coram etc. in crastino S.
Margarete.
Memorandum, quod, cum Saphira, que fait uxor Elie le Evesk',
finem fecit pro catallis predicti Elie habendis in terris, redditibus et
domibus in Herefordia, et cartis ibidem in Archa existentibus, tantum-
modo, que dixit, quod alibi nulla habuit catalla ; et postea invenitur
per inquisicionem retornatam per Vicecomitem Gloucestr' in octabis
S. Hillarii anno etc. liiij0., quod idem Elias habuit in Archa Ciro-
graphorum Gloucestrie unum debitum xx m. sub nominibus Johannis,
filii Thome de Astona Undregge, et predicti Elie; unde preceptum est
Cirographariis, quod predictam cartam habeant coram etc. in crastino
S. Johannis Baptiste, Justiciariis liberandam. Item, in predicta inquisi-
cione continetur, quod Johannes Cornubiensis et Willelmus de Watford,
Cirographarii Gloucestrie, habent in custodia sua viij m. de predicto
debito. Et similiter preceptum est eisdem, quod habeant predictas
viij m. coram Justiciariis etc. ad predictum diem etc., ad faciendum
hide preceptum Regis, sicut indempnes esse voluerint. Postea, in
crastino S. Margarete, ut supra.
Quia Jacobus de Norwico, Judeus, manet apud Honytonam sine
licencia Eegis, ubi nulla communitas Judeorum est, preceptum est
Vicecomiti, quod capiat in manu Eegis omnia bona et catalla ipsius
Jacobi, et ea salvo custodiat donee aliud etc., et quod habeat corpus
ejus coram etc. in octabis S. Trinitatis, ad respondendum etc., et quod
scire faciat etc., que bona etc. dicti Jacobi ceperit, et valorem eorundem
catallorum, ad eundem diem etc.
1 Sic : perhaps for Carbonel.
EXCHEQTJEE OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1270 61
at the same terms, until etc. : pledges, Samuel, son of Isaac of Here-
ford, and Joce, son of Aaron of Carbonel, Jews, of Hereford. And the
Sheriff and Chirographers of Hereford are commanded to allow her
to have free administration of the lands etc., as well within the Chest
etc., which belonged to the said Elias.
The said Sapphira gives the King a debt of 5 marks under the
names of Cecilia de Lawton and Elias le Eveske, and a debt of 10s.
under the names of John FitzOsmund, of Copesley, and the said Elias,
the chirographs being in the Hereford Chirograph-Chest. And the
Chirographers are commanded to have the said chirographs before
etc. on the morrow of St. Margaret.
Be it had in remembrance, that, whereas Sapphira, wife that
was of Elias le Eveske, made fine for the chattels of the said Elias
in lands, rents, and houses in Hereford, and the charters in the Chest
of the same place, and them only, saying, that he had no chattels
elsewhere ; and afterwards, by inquest returned by the Sheriff of
Gloucestershire on the octave of St. Hilary in the fifty-fourth year
of the reign, it is found, that the said Elias had in the Gloucester
Chirograph-Chest a debt of 20 marks under the names of John, son of
Thomas of Aston-under-Edge, and the said Elias ; for which cause
the Chirographers are commanded, that they have the said charter
before etc. on the morrow of St. John the Baptist, to be delivered to
the Justices. Again, in the said inquest it is recorded, that John
of Cornwall and William of Watford, Chirographers of Gloucester,
have in their keeping 8 marks of the said debt. And in like manner
they are commanded, that they have the said 8 marks before the
Justices etc. on the said day, to do therewith as the King shall
order, as they hope for indemnity. Afterwards, on the morrow of
St. Margaret, as above.
Whereas Jacob of Norwich, Jew, is resident without the King's
license at Honiton, where there is no community of Jews, the Sheriff
is commanded, that he take into the King's hand all his, Jacob's, goods
and chattels, and keep them safe until etc., and that he have his
body before etc. on the octave of Holy Trinity, to answer etc., and
that he do to wit etc., what goods etc. of the said Jacob he has taken,
and the value of the same chattels, on the same day etc.
62 SCACCAKIUM JUDEORUM
Memorandum, quod breve emanavit pro Jobanne de Warenne,
Comite Sussexe, in bee verba : — Henricus, Dei gratia etc., Yicecomiti
Northampt' salutem : — Monstravit Justiciariis nostris etc. dilectus
et fidelis noster, Jobannes de Warenne, Comes Sussexe, graviter
conquerendo, quod, cum nuper coram Nobis in Curia nostra recu-
perasset custodiam quarundam partium terrarum que fuerunt David
de Esseby in Esseby una cum custodia Isabelle, filie Stephani, filii et
beredis dicti David de Esseby, versus Alanum La Zucbe et Elenam,
uxorem ejus, qui terram illam injuste occupaverant, ut idem Comes
dicit ; predicti Alanus et Elena, per quandam suggestionem factam
Justiciariis nostris predictis, breve nostrum tibi directum impetra-
verunt, ut de predictis terris eis seisinam babere faceres pro quodam
debito quod idem Alanus et Elena exigebant de terris predictis
tanquam attornati Magistri Elie, filii Magistri Mossei, Judei,
Londonie, et in quo debito predictus David tenebatur predicto Judeo
per cartam suam, ut dicitur ; et quia secundum Assisam et Con-
suetudinem Judaismi nostri nullus Cbristianus distringi debet pro
aliquo debito Judeorum, nee pro debito suo proprio, antequam in
Curia nostra coram prefatis Justiciariis nostris, secundum Legem et
Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri, discussum fuerit, utrum ad solucionem
bujus debiti teneatur, necne; tibi precipimus, quod talem seisinam
qualem prius predictus Comes coram Nobis recuperavit, per preceptum
nostrum ei rebabere facias, et ipsum in seisina ilia custodias et
manuteneas, quousque inter eos, secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem
Judaismi predicti, discussum fuerit, si idem Comes ad solucionem
predicti debiti teneri debeat, necne. Teste Roberto de Fuleham apud
TVestmonasterium xxviij0 die Maii anno regni nostri liiij0.1
DE TERMINO S. HILLiRII ANNO QUINQUAGESIMO QUINTO.
Per breve Domini Regis in bee verba : — Henricus etc., omnibus
etc., salutem : — Cum dederimus et concesserimus Eademundo, filio
nostro carissimo, Aaron, filium Vives, Judeum, Londoniarum, cum
omnibus bonis et catallis suis, et aliis que ad Nos pertinere poterunt
de Judeo predicto ; Nos, ad instanciam prefati filii nostri, predicto
Aaron gratiam uberiorem facere volentes, concedimus quod, in omnibus
placitis pro eodem Aaron vel contra ipsum motis vel movendis, aliquis
ex parte et voluntate ipsius filii nostri deputatus associetur Justiciariis
1 Means were apparently found to defeat court in Westminster Hall. Chron. Ed. I.
or delay this writ, for shortly afterwards and Ed. II. (Rolls Ser.) i. 81.
Zouch was assassinated by Sussex in open
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1271 62
Be it had in remembrance, that a writ issued for John de Warennc,
Earl of Sussex, to the following effect : — Henry, by the grace of God etc.,
to the Sheriff of Northamptonshire greeting : — Our dear liege, John de
Warenne, Earl of Sussex, has made grave complaint to our Justices etc.,
that, whereas of late before Us in our Court he recovered the wardship of
certain parcels of land which belonged to David de Ashby in Ashby with
the wardship of Isabella, daughter of Stephen, son and heir of the said
David de Ashby, against Alan La Zouch and Helen, his wife, who had
unlawfully occupied that land, as the said Earl says ; they, the said
Alan and Helen, by suggestion made to our said Justices, sued out our
writ addressed to you, that you cause them to have seisin of the said
lands for a debt which they claimed upon the said lands as attorneys of
Master Elias, son of Master Moses, Jew, of London, in which debt the
said David was bound to the said Jew by his charter, as it is said ;
and because according to the Assize and Custom of our Jewry no
Christian ought to be distrained for any debt of Jewry, nor yet for
his own debt, until it has been argued in our Court before our said
Justices, accordiug to the Law and Custom of our Jewry, whether he
be bound to pay the debt, or no ; We therefore command you, that you
restore to the said Earl by our mandate such seisin as he aforetime
recovered before Us, and that you guard and maintain him in that
seisin, until argument be had between the parties, according to the
Assize and Custom of the said Jewry, whether the said Earl be bound
to pay the said debt, or no. Witness Robert de Fulham at West-
minster on the 28th day of May in the 54th year of our reign.
HILAEY TEEM IN THE FIFTY-FIFTH YEAE. [a.d. 1271.]
By writ of our Lord the King to the effect following : — Henry etc.,
to all etc., greeting : — Whereas We have given and granted to our very
dear son, Edmund, Aaron, son of Vives, Jew, of London, with all his
goods and chattels, and other matters which may appertain unto Us
touching the said Jew ; We, being pleased, at the instance of our said
son, to show the said Aaron more abundant favour, do grant that, in
all pleas which are or may be in process for or against him, there be,
on the part of our son and of his choice, associated with our Justices
assigned to the custody of the Jews an assessor for the hearing and
63 SCACCARIUM JUDE011UM
nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis ad placita ilia secundum
Legem et Consuetudinem Judaismi audienda et terminanda Conces-
simus eciam eidem Judeo quod de licencia prefati filii nostri debita
sua dare et vendere possit cuicumque voluerit, et ilia quicumque
emere possint, non obstante Provisione nuper facta, quod nullus Judeus
debita sua aliquibus Christianis vendere possit, vel Christianus eadem
emere, sine licencia et voluntate nostra. In cujus rei testimonium
etc. Teste Me ipso apud Westmonasterium .... die Januarii anno
regni nostri quinquagesimo quinto.1
DE MENSE PASCHE.
Nicliolaus Le Gras, tenens quandam partem terrarum que fuerunt
Willelmi Maudut, de Terling, qui vocavit ad warantum Ceciliam Le
Gras versus Samuelem de Lohum, Jucleum, de placito, quod ipsum
acquietaret versus ipsum Samuelem de xls. cum lucro inde emerso,
occasione etc., quos dictus Samuel ab eo exigebat, occasione etc., de
debito Aaron, filii Jacobi, Judei, per quandam cartam vij. 1. et dim. m.,
que est in Archa Cirographorum Londonie, non venit nee habuit
warantum nee est prosecutus secundum Consuetudinem Judaismi :
ideo consideration est, quod predictus Samuel habeat recuperare suum
versus dictum Nicholaum de predictis xl s. cum lucro. Et preceptum
est Vicecomiti Essexe, quod precipiat dicto Nicholao, quod sine dila-
cione reddat dicto Samueli predictos xl s. cum lucro, et nisi fecerit,
seisinam etc. de vadio etc. Postea dictus Samuel venit et concessit
quod dictus Nicliolaus placitare poterit versus warantum suum, et
retraxit se de predicto judicio.
DE OCTABIS ET DE IN CRASTINO S. JOHANNIS BAPTISTE
ANNO QUINQUAGESIMO SEXTO.
Rot. n,ui. 2. Bonevie de Oxonia, Judeus, fecit venire Badulfum Le Walle ad
IIXOll,
respondendum ei de placito injuste detencionis catallorum, et unde
1 Transferred from Roll 16,m.l3 (Trinity from pecuniary exactions for life, subject
Term, 2 Ed. I.), where it was placed on the only to the annual render of a pair of gilt
confirmation by Edward of the grant to spurs. Rot. Lit. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 1 ;
which it refers. Prynne, ii. 116. Cf. Cal. Patent Rolls
By charter dated 11 August 1270, and (Rolls ger.) 1272-81, p. 336.
confirmed by royal letters patent (26 Octo- - From AdlTit. Roll (Brit. Mus.) 11)299, a
liei), the Prince had been graciously pleased fragment assignable by internal evidence
to grant Aaron his liberty and exemption to this year.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.l). 1272 63
determining of those pleas according to the Law and Custom of
Jewiy. We have also granted to the said Jew that by license
of our said son he be at liberty to give and sell debts owing to him
to whomsoever he will, and that all the world be at liberty to buy
them, notwithstanding the recent Provision, that no Jew be at liberty
to sell debts owing to him to any Christians, nor any Christian to
buy them, without our license and authority. In witness whereof
etc. Witness Myself at Westminster on the — day of January in
the fifty-fifth year of our reign.
EASTER MONTH.
F and Nicholas Le Gras, tenant of part of the lands which belonged to
loss, ' L #°#
William Mauduit, of Terling,1 who vouched to warranty Cecilia Le
Gras against Samuel of Lohum,2 Jew, touching a plea, that she acquit
him against Samuel of 40s. with interest thereon arisen, in respect
of the lands etc.,3 which the said Samuel demanded from him, in
respect of the lands etc., on account of a debt of Aaron, son of Jacob,
Jew, by a charter for £1 and i mark, which is in the London Chiro-
graph-Chest, neither came nor had his warrantor at court, and has
made default in prosecution according to the Custom of Jewry :
therefore it is adjudged, that the said Samuel have his recovery
against the said Nicholas of the said 40s. with interest. And the
Sheriff of Essex is commanded, that he command the said Nicholas,
that without delay he render to the said Samuel the said 40s. with
interest, and if he make default, seisin etc. of gage etc. Thereafter
the said Samuel came and granted that the said Nicholas have his plea
against his warrantor, and withdrew himself from the said judgment.
THE OCTAVE AND MORROW OE ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST
IN THE FIFTY-SIXTH YEAR. [a.d. 1272.]
Bonevie of Oxford, Jew, caused Ralph LeWalle to come to answer
him touching a plea of unlawful detinue of chattels, whereof he
1 In Essex. Domesday Book both as Lena and as Lun.
- Elsewhere spelt Lohun and Loun ; 3 I.e. by virtue of his tenure, the debt
perhaps for Lynn, which appears in running with the land. Cf. p. 53, supra.
64 SCACCAKIUM JUDE0RO1
queritur, quod predictus Radulfus ei injuste detinet ununi mazerurn,
precii dim. marc, sine pede, cum quodam circulo de argento, quod ei
tradidit nomine pignoris pro quodam equo quern ab ipso Radulfo
locavit die Mercurii proxima post festum S. Johannis Baptiste anno
etc. liiij0, et quod postea versus ipsum acquietavit, et illud ei injuste
detinet, ad dampnum suum, xx s. ; et hoc offert etc.
Predictus Radulfus venit et defendifc vim etc. et dicit, quod dictus
Bonevie locavit ab ipso unum equum predicto die Mercurii usque ad
Londoniam, pro xvj d., quos ei solvit, et tradidit ei qnoddam ciphum
de mazero racione pignoris pro residuo convenciouis inter eos facte et
consuetudinis ville Oxonie ; ita quod, si dictus Bonevie moram faceret
ultra dietas inter eos assignatas, quod daret predicto Piadulfo pro
quolibet die ultra dietas positas j d., et dictus Bonevie retinuit
equum suum per xij dies, ita quod ei debuit xij d. pro predicta reten-
cione ; et postea uxor dicti Bonevie inpignoravit dictum ciphum eidem
Piadulfo pro vj d. quos ei accommodavit ; et postea alia vice habuit
dictum equum suum apud Wallingford pro xd., et ibi amisit capistrum
dicti equi ad valenciam ob. ; quos ei debet : occasione predicta detinet
predictum ciphum, et non injuste, et de hoc ponit se super patriam.
Predictus Judeus dicit, quod nichil debet eidem Piadulfo pro predicto
equo nee pro aliqua alia re, nee dictum equum locavit usque Wall-
ingford ; set dictum ciphum et equum suum acquietavit, et nichil pro
eodem cipho eidem debet ; et ponit se super patriam. Et preceptum est
Yicecomiti, quod per sacramentum inquirat, si etc., et inquisicionem etc.
in octabis S. Michaelis. Ad quern diem Yicecomes retornavit inquisi-
cionem factam per sacramentum Johannis Culvert, Ricardi Wandri
et aliorum Christianorum, et per sacramentum Lumbardi de Crikelade
et aliorum Judeorum, ut patet inter inquisiciones retornatas in
Termino S. Michaelis proximo sequente. Et Christiani dicunt, quod
predictus Badulfus Walle detinet predicto Bonevie unum mazerum,
pro xxviij d. ob., qui ei aretro sunt de quadam convencione inter ipsos
facta pro allocacione cujusdam equi. Et Judei dicunt, quod predictus
Bonevie acquietavit predictum mazerum versus predictum Radulfum.
Et quia Christiani et Judei non concordant, preceptum est Yicecomiti,
quod venire faciat predictam inquisicionem coram etc., et tot et tales
etc., a die S. Martini in xv dies, ad recognoscendum etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1272 G4
complains, that the said Ralph unlawfully detains against him a bowl
of mazer-wood with a silver rim, but without foot, value | mark,
which he delivered to Ralph by way of pledge for a horse which he
hired from him on the Wednesday next after the feast of St. John
the Baptist in the fifty-fourth year of the reign, which he afterwards
made quit as to Ralph, who unlawfully detains the pledge against
him, to his damage, 20s. ; and this he offers etc.
The said Ralph comes and defends the force etc. and says, that
the said Bonevie hired from him a horse on the said Wednesday for
the journey to London, for 16d., which he paid him, and delivered to
him a bowl of mazer-wood by way of pledge for the performance of
the rest of the agreement made between them according to the custom
of the town of Oxford ; to wit, that, if the said Bonevie should exceed
the stipulated days, he should give the said Ralph for every further
day Id., and the said Bonevie kept the horse for twelve days, whereby
he was bound to pay 12d. for so keeping him ; and afterwards the
wife of the said Bonevie pledged the said bowl to the said Ralph for
6d. lent by him ; and that on a subsequent occasion he had the said
horse at Wallingford for 10d., and there lost the said horse's bridle,
value id. ; which moneys he owes him : and Ralph for these reasons
detains the said bowl, and not unlawfully, and as to this he puts him-
self upon the country.
The said Jew says, that he owes the said Ralph nothing for the
said horse or on any other account, nor did he hire the said horse for
the journey to Wallingford ; but that he made the said bowl quit of
Ralph's horse, and owes him nought upon the said bowl ; and he puts
himself upon the country. And the Sheriff is commanded, that by
oath he inquire, if etc., and cause the inquest etc. on the octave of
St. Michael. On which day the Sheriff returned the inquest made by
oath of John Culvert, Richard Wander, and other Christians, and by
oath of Lumbard of Cricklade and other Jews, as it appears among
the inquests returned in Michaelmas Term next ensuing. And the
Christians say, that the said Ralph Le Walle detains against the
said Bonevie a bowl of mazer- wood, for default in payment of 28|d.
owing to him by virtue of an agreement made between them for
the hire of a horse. And the Jews say, that the said Bonevie made
the said bowl quit as to the said Ralph. And as the Christians and
Jews do not agree, the Sheriff is commanded to cause the said inquest
to come before etc., and so many and such etc., on Martinmas quin-
dene, to recognise etc.
65 SCACCAKIUM JUDEOUUM
DE QUINDENA S. JOHANNIS.
ih.m. 3. Abraham, films Joscei, Judeus, per attornatum smnn fecit venire
Priorem Novi Hospitalis extra Bissopesgate, quern Eobertus Sewelhod,
tenens quandam partem terrarum que fuerunt Diei, filii Benedict],
Judei, vocat ad warantum, ad respondendum ei de placito debiti ; et
exigit a predicto Priore occasione etc. xij 1. et lucrum, per quoddam
starrum-cirographum in Archa Cirographorum Londonie factum inter
predictum Abraham et dictum Diei, quod protulit coram etc., in hec
verba : — Diei le Evesk', Judeus, recognovit per starrum suum, quod
tenetur Abrahe, filio Joscei, de Eboraco, in xij 1. sterlingorum,
reddendis ei, vel cuicunque presens starrum deferenti, ad festum
S. Michaelis anno etc. xxxvj0, et si dictum terminum transierit, dicto
Abrahe licebit mutuo accipere dictos denarios per manum alicujus
Christiani ad usuram, videlicet, pro una libra ij denarios in septimana ;
et pro toto predicto debito et iucro dictus Diei obligavit dicto Abrahe
imam domum quam habet in Ismongerelane in Civitate Londonie,
que quidem est inter domum Piicardi de Wylehale et domum Pictavini
Le Joevene ; et dictam domum obligavit dicto Abrahe ad recipiendum
inde dictum debitum et lucrum, et quod dictus Abraham possit
distringere dictum Diei in quacumque curia voluerit, vel in Curia
Christiana vel in Curia Judaica ; duni dictus Abraham vel aliqui
assignatorum suorum habeant dictum starrum, dictus Diei non possit
alienare aliquam acquietanciam de predicto debito nisi aliquod starrum
de acquietancia inde facta per predictum Abraham ; et istam obliga-
cionem dictus Diei tenetur pro se et heredibus suis facere fideliter,
secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi de omnibus starris
mutui ad recognoscendum. Actum vt0 die Aprilis anno predicto.
Predictus Prior venit et dicit, quod de predicto debito ei respondere
non tenetur, desicut predictus Diei, qui est principalis debitor,
superstes est, et satis habet uncle de predicto debito satisfacere potest.
Item dicit, quod, desicut secundum Statuta Judaismi Judeus non
debet capere usuram de Judeo, prout secundum Legem Terre nullus
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 127 2 G5
THE QUINDENE OF ST. JOHN.
London. Abraham, son of Joce, Jew, by his attorney caused the Prior of
the New Hospital without Bishopsgate, vouched to warranty by Robert
Sewelhod, tenant of part of the lands which belonged to Diaia, son of
Benedict, Jew, to come to answer him touching a plea of debt ; and
he demands from the said Prior in respect of the lands etc. £12 and
interest, by a chirograph-starr in the London Chirograph-Chest made
between the said Abraham and Diaia, which he produced before etc.,
to this effect : — Diaia le Eveske,1 Jew, acknowledged by his starr, that
he is bound to Abraham, son of Joce, of York, in £12 sterling, payable
to him, or bearer of the present starr, at the feast of St. Michael in
the 36th year of the reign, and should he miss the said term, it shall
be lawful for the said Abraham to borrow the said money by a Christian
hand 2 at usury, to wit, 2d. a pound a week ; and for all the said debt
and interest the said Diaia has engaged to the said Abraham a house
which he has in Ironmonger Lane in the City of London, which house
is between the house of Ptichard de Wylehale and that of Pictavin Le
Joevene ; and the said house he has engaged to the said Abraham, that
therefrom he may receive the said debt and interest, and that the
said Abraham may distrain the said Diaia in whatever court he may
choose, either in the Court Christian or the Court Jewish ; and so
long as the said Abraham or any of his assigns hold the said starr, the
said Diaia may not alienate 3 any acquittance of the said debt except a
starr of acquittance thereof made by the said Abraham ; and this
obligation the said Diaia is bound for himself and his heirs faithfully
to observe, according to the Assize and Custom of Jewry touching
all starrs of acknowledgment of loan. Done on the 5th day of April
in the said year.
The said Prior comes and says, that he is not bound to answer
him touching the said debt, seeing that the said Diaia, who is the
principal debtor, is alive, and has wherewith to discharge the said debt.
He also says, that according to the Statutes of Jewry Jew ought not to
take usury from Jew, in like manner as according to the Law of the
1 The precise meaning of this title has MS., but perhaps the scribe imperfectly
been, and still is, matter of controversy. apprehended the Hebrew, and the true
A.-J.H.E.P. i. 46, 260. effect of the clause was to preclude Diaia
'-' The Christian broker would borrow from producing the acquittance outside the
ostensibly upon his own account, and be Jewry. The two Jews were apparently in
indemnified by his principal ; and thus the collusion ; and Diaia may have been
law which forbade the Jews to practise secretly indemnified for making default in
usury among themselves would be evaded. the Exchequer.
Alienare ' stands unmistakably in the
k 2
06 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Christianus poterit capere usuram de Christiano ; et, in dicto starro
continetur, quod Judeus debet capere usuram de Judeo. Item dicit,
quod secundum Statuta et Consuetudinem Judaismi quodlibet scrip-
turn et cirographum per quod Judeus exigere possifc debitum de aliquo
Christiano debet poni in Archa Judeorum, dicta cirographa et scripta
debent scribi de manu clerici jurati ad hoc faciendum per sacramentum
proborum et legalium horuimira electi, et in Archa poni per manum
Cirographariorum Christianorum, ita quod unus Cirographarius Chris-
tianus vel dictus clericus dictum scriptum et cirographum sciat legere ;
et dictum cirographum non est scriptum demanu clerici jurati, nee de
littera quam predictus Cirographarius vel clericus legere sciat, set est
de littera Ebraica, contra Assisam predictam ; et de hoc petit judicium.
Preterea dicit, quod, cum actum confectionis dicti starri sit quinto
die Aprilis anno xxxvj0, et postea diversa scrutinia facta fuerint per
preceptum Domini Eegis de omnibus Archis Judeorum in Anglia, et
maxiine in anno liij0 per Johannem de "Westona, TValteruin de La
Croce, et Willelmum de Middletona, ita quod per predictum scrutinium
Dominus Eex scire voluit omnia catalla Judeorum in Archis Ciro-
graphorum existentia, per que eos Judeos cartare voluit ad tallagium
super eos faciendum, et dictum cirographum ad predictum scrutinium
inventum non fuit, ponit se super recordum predictorum rotulorum
de scrutinio predicto.
Predictus Judeus dicit, quod, licet Diei sit superstes et habeat
bona ad debitum predictum acquietandum, tamen bene licebit pre-
dicto Abrahe totum debitum predictum petere de predicto Christiano,
eo quod tenet vadia in dicto starro nominata. Preterea dicit, quod,
licet in dicto starro continetur, quod, si non solvat predictas xij 1. ad
terminum prenominatum, bene licebit ei capere inde usuram, scilicet,
pro libra ij d. in septimana, per manum Christiani, si predicto
Priori videatur hoc ei injustum esse, eat in capitulo coram Magistris
de Lege sua, et ibi eum implacitet, quia alibi hujusmodi tangentia
Legem suam non debent emendari. Item, dicit, quod bene licebit
Judeis facere hujusmodi starra ad modum cirographi inter Judeos
et Judeos de debitis suis, in Archa Judeorum scribere et ponere per
manus clericorum suorum.
Predictus Abraham dicit, quod, licet predictum starrum non sit
irrotulatum in scrutiniis predictis, ei nocere non debet, quia hujus-
modi starra de debitis irrotulari non debent nee consueverunt, quia
Eex facit scrutinium de debitis Christianorum sciendis, et non debitis
inter Judeos et Judeos sciendis ; et de omnibus premissis petit judicium.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1272 66
Land Christian may not take usury from Christian ; and in the said
starr it is contained, that Jew should take usury from Jew. He says
again, that according to the Statutes and Custom of Jewry every
writing and chirograph by which a Jew may make demand of debt
from a Christian ought to be placed in the Jews' Chest, the said
chirographs and writings ought to be written by the hand of a sworn
clerk elected for the purpose by oath of true and lawful men, and
to be placed in the Chest by the hands of Christian Chirographers,
and ought to be legible to one of the Christian Chirographers or the
said clerk ; and the said chirograph is not written by the hand of a
sworn clerk, nor in a character which is legible to either the said
Chirographer or the clerk, but is in the Hebrew character, against
the said Assize ; and touching this he craves judgment.
He says furthermore, that, as the date of the making of the said
starr is the 5th day of April in the 36th year, and by our Lord the
King's command divers scrutinies have since been made of all the
Chests of the Jews in England, and especially in the 53rd year by
John de Weston, Walter de La Croix, and William de Middleton, our
Lord the King by the said scrutiny desiring to know all the chattels
of the Jews that were in the Chirograph-Chests, and thereby to list
the Jews for the talliage to be laid upon them, and at the said
scrutiny the said chirograph was not found, he puts himself upon the
record of the said rolls of the said scrutiny.
The said Jew says, that, though Diaia be alive and have the
means to acquit the said debt, yet he, the said Abraham, may claim all
the said debt of the said Christian, because he holds the gages named
in the said starr. Thereto he adds, that, though in the said starr it
is contained, that, if Diaia do not pay the said £12 at the term afore-
said, he may take usury therefor, to wit, 2d. a pound a week, by a
Christian hand, if this seem to the said Prior to be unjust to him, let
him go before the Masters of his Law in chapter, and implead him
there, because matters of this sort touching his Law ought not to be
corrected elsewhere. Again, he says, that Jews may have starrs of
this kind by way of chirograph of debt between Jews and Jews written
and placed in the Jews' Chest by the hands of their own clerks.
The said Abraham adds, that, though the said starr be not on the
rolls of the said scrutinies, he ought not to suffer thereby, because
starrs of debt of this kind ought not nor have been wont to be en-
rolled, inasmuch as the King makes the scrutiny, that he may know the
debts of the Christians, and not that he may know debts between Jew
and Jew ; and on all the premises he craves judgment. And the said
07 SCACCAEIUM JUDEOKUM
Et predictus Prior similiter. Et super hoc habent diein, eras, coram
Thesaurario et Baronibus. Ad quem diem dictus Prior et alii veniunt
et petunt judicium. Et quia predictus Diei, qui est princi-
palis debitor, superstes est, et satis habet ad satisfaciendum de
predicto debito, et quia usura continetur in dicto starro, et est contra
Assisam Judaismi, et quia predictum starrum non est scriptum de
manu clerici jurati, et ponitur in Archa Cirographorum Judeorum,
et similiter quia predictum debitum non est inventum in rotulis in
ultimo scrutinio ; consideration est, quod predictus Prior de predicto
debito sit quietus, et quod predicte domus,1 que fuerunt dicti Prioris
et dicti Diei, pro predicto debito non onerentur. Et predictus
Abraham pro confectione dicti starri contra Assisam Judaismi com-
mittitur prisone ; et quod predictum debitum sit Eegis. Et similiter
consideratum est, quod Cirographarii, qui fuerunt in anno xxxvj0,
tempore quo dictum starrum positum fuit in Archa Cirographorum,
veniant coram etc., ad respondendum Piegi de hoc, quod predictum
starrum contra Assisam Judaismi posuerunt in Archa ; et similiter
preceptum est Cirographariis, qui nunc sunt, quod habeant dictum
starrum coram etc. in octabis S. Michaelis, ad levandum inde de
predicto Diei predictas xij 1. ad opus Eegis.
ib.m.4, Memorandum, quod, cum Johannes de Watele, clericus Domine
ion!!'. Eegine Anglie, petiisset c 1. a Cok, filio Cresse,2 Judeo, Londonie, quas
dictus Cok debet Domine Eegine in denariis numerandis, et dictus
Judeus venit et dixit et recognovit se teneri prefate Eegine in c libratis 3
debitorum, et non in denariis numerandis, et de hoc point se super
Consilium Eegis ; predictus Johannes dicit, quod dictus Judeus tene-
tur prefate Eegine in c 1. de denariis numerandis, et non de debitis,
et de hoc ponit se super Consilium Eegis et prefate Eegine, et super
illos qui fuerunt convencioni inter ipsos confecte. Postea dictus Cok
recognovit, quod satisfaciet prefate Eegine de 1 1. de predictis c 1. a die
S. Jacobi Apostoli anno etc. lvjt0 in xv dies, et de aliis 1 1. a die
S. Michaelis in xv dies proximo sequente ; et ad istam solucionem ad
predictos terminos faciendam invenit manucaptores, videlicet, Bene-
dictum de Wintoriia, Cresse, filium Gente, Jacobum Le Clerk, et
' Sic : the one house being treated as two King (29 Sept. 1270) confirmed his devise
houses, because held in co-ownership. of his houses in Milk Street, London, to his
Diaia had evidently assigned his share, or son Cok, on the express ground, ' quod num-
it would have been taken into the King's quam in vita sua in aliquo deliquit contra
hand. Nos, set tanquam bonus et fidelis Judeus
- Cresse, son of Master Moses and bene et fideliter, more Judeorum, vixit.
brother of Chief Eabbi Elias. He appears Eot. Lit. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 3.
to have been an Israelite indeed, in whom 3 See Glossary, ' marcata.'
there was no guile, for on his death the
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1l>7i> 6 i
Prior likewise. And touching this they have a day, to-morrow, before
the Treasurer and Barons. On which day the said Prior and the others
come and crave judgment. And because the said Diaia, who is the
principal debtor, is alive, and has the means to discharge the said debt,
and because usury is contained in the said starr, and is against the
Assize of Jewry, and because the said starr is not in the handwriting
of a sworn clerk, though placed in the Chirograph-Chest of the Jews,
and likewise because the said debt is not found on the rolls of the last
scrutiny ; it is adjudged, that the said Prior be quit of the said debt,
and that the said houses, which belonged to the said Prior and the
said Diaia, be not charged with the said debt. And for making the
said starr against the Assize of Jewry the said Abraham is committed
to prison ; and let the said debt be the King's. And likewise it is
adjudged, that the Chirographers, who were in office in the 36th year,
when the said starr was placed in the Chirograph-Chest, come before
etc., to answer the King for that they placed the said starr in the
Chest against the Assize of Jewry ; and likewise the Chirographers,
who are now in office, are ordered to have the said starr before etc.
on the octave of St. Michael, thereby to levy upon the said Diaia the
said £12 to the use of the King.
Be it had in remembrance, that, whereas John de Whately, clerk
of our Lady the Queen of England, claimed from Cok, son of Cresse,
Jew, of London, £100, which the said Cok owes our Lady the
Queen in ready money, and the said Jew came and said and
acknowledged, that he is bound to the said Queen in debts to the
amount of £100, and not in ready money, and touching this puts
himself upon the King's Council ; the said John says, that the said
Jew is bound to the said Queen in £100 in ready money, and not in
debts, and touching this he puts himself upon the King's Council
and the Council of the said Queen, and upon those who were present
when the agreement was made between them. Afterwards the said
Cok acknowledged, that he will pay the said Queen £50 of the said
£100 on the quindene of St. James the Apostle in the fifty-sixth year
of the reign, and the residue on Michaelmas quindene next following ;
and for the payments to be made at the said terms he found main-
pernors, to wit, Benedict of Winchester, Cresse, son of Genta, Jacob Le
68 SCACCARIUM JUDEOKUM
Gamaliel cle Oxonia, Judeos, ita, videlicet, quod, si dictus Cok non
solvat predictos denarios ad prediclos terminos, quod dicti manu-
captores distringantur per omnes terras, debita et catalla sua, et etiam
per corpora sua, pro predictis denariis, quousque de predictis c 1.
integre fuerit satisfactum ; et similiter dictus Cok obligavit se et omnia
bona et catalla ad satisfaciendum prefate Domine Eegine de trans-
gressione eidem facta de termino solucionis sue de dictis c 1. non
observato, si prefata Eegina se conqueri voluerit.
Memorandum, quod recordatum est per Eadulfum de S. Ositha et
Fulconem Peyforer, Justiciaries, quod Walterus, filius Humfridi de
Pentenbawe, venit et recognovit coram eis, se teneri Johanni de Bades-
well, clerico, in xl m., quas dictus Johannes accommodavit dicto
Waltero ad quandam solucionem perficiendam Cok, filio Cresse, Judeo,
solvendis eidem Jolianni ad festum Omnium Sanctorum anno etc.
lvj° c s., ad Nativitatem S. Johannis Baptiste proximo sequentem
c s., ad festum Omnium Sanctorum proximo sequens c s., ad festum
Nativitatis S. Johannis Baptiste proximo sequens c s., et ad festum
Omnium Sanctorum proximo sequens x m. ; et nisi fecerit, concedit,
quod de terris et catallis suis fiant etc.
Memorandum, quod Willelmus de Orlavestona, quondam Justiciarius
Judeorum, venit coram etc. die Veneris, a die S. Johannis Baptiste in
tres septimanas, anno etc. lvj°, etprotulit duos rotulos de Placitis Juda-
ismi, videlicet, unum de Placitis, Essoniis et Memorandis de Termino
Pasche anno xlij0, de tempore Simonis Passelewe et Thome Esperun,
tunc Justiciariorum, et unum de Placitis, Essoniis et Memorandis de
Termino S. Hillarii anno lm0, de tempore Johannis Le Moygne. Et
dicti rotuli remanent in custodia Willelmi de Middeltona.
Preceptum fuit Vicecomiti, quod de Judeis Cantebrigie levari faceret
viij s., de Judeis Huntedona iij s., de Judeis de Bodekesham ij s., et de
Judeis de Holm ij s., ad opus Henrici de Wintonia, pro quatuor marcis
auri quas dictus Henricus mutuo commisit Hagino, filio Magistri
Mossei, et Magistro Elie, ad opus Eegis,que super totamcommunitatem
Judeorum Anglie fuerunt assesse ad festum S. Johannis Baptiste
anno etc. liij0 ; ita quod denarios illos haberet coram etc. ad instantes
EXCHEQUER OE THE JEWS, A.D. 1272 08
Clerk, and Gamaliel of Oxford, Jews, that so it should be that, if the
said Cok do not pay the said moneys at the said terms, the said
mainpernors be distrained for the said moneys by all their lands, debts
owing to them, and chattels, and also by their bodies, until full pay-
ment be made of the said £100 ; and in like manner the said Cok
bound himself and all his goods and chattels to make compensation
to the said Queen for the trespass against her, should he fail to
observe the term of payment of the said £100, if the said Queen
should see fit to complain thereof.
Be it had in remembrance, that it is recorded by Ealph de St.
Osyth and Fulk Peyforer, Justices, that Walter, son of Humfrey de
Pentenhawe, came and acknowledged before them, that he is bound
to John de Eadeswell, clerk, in 40 marks, which the said John lent
the said Walter to enable a certain payment to be made to Cok, son
of Cresse, Jew, payment to be made to the said John of 100s. at
the feast of All Saints in the fifty-sixth year of the reign, 100s. at the
Nativity of St. John the Baptist next following, 100s. at the feast of
All Saints next following, 100s. at the Nativity of St. John the
Baptist next following, and 10 marks at the feast of All Saints next
following ; and if he make default, he grants, that of his lands and
chattels there be made etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that William de Orlaveston, formerly
Justice of the Jews, came before etc. on Friday, St. John the Baptist's
day three weeks, in the fifty- sixth year of the reign, and produced
two rolls of Pleas of Jewry, to wit, a roll of Pleas, Essoins, and Memo-
randa of Easter Term in the forty-second year, Simon Passelewe and
Thomas Sperun being then Justices, and a roll of Pleas, Essoins, and
Memoranda of Hilary Term in the fiftieth year, in the time of John
Le Moyne. And the said rolls remain in the keeping of William de
Middleton.
The Sheriff was commanded, that he cause to be levied upon the
Jews of Cambridge 8s., upon the Jews of Huntingdon 3s., upon the
Jews of Bottisham 2s., and upon the Jews of Holm 2s., to the use
of Henry de Winton, upon account of 4 marks of gold which the said
Henry lent to Hagin, son of Master Moses, and Master Elias, to the use
of the King, which marks were assessed upon the entire community of
the Jews of England at the feast of St. John the Baptist in the fifty-
third year of the reign ; so that he have those moneys before etc. three
09 SCACCARITJM JUDEORUM
tres septimanas S. Johannis, clicto Henrico liberandos. Ad quern diem
Vicecomes misit predictos viij s. de Judeis de Cantebrigia, et iij s. de
Judeis Huntedone, quos solvit Eicardo de Wykehain, attornato dicti
Henrici, et inde quietus est ; et mandavit, quod ballivi Comitisse de
Gloucestria non permittunt ipsum intrare Libertatem de Bodekesham ;
et ballivi Eadinundi, filii Eegis Allemannie, non permittunt ipsum ali-
qaem denarium levare de Judeis de Holm. Ideo preceptum est Vice-
comiti, quod non omittat, propter predictas Libertates, quin eas etc., et
dictos denarios de Judeis de Bodekesham et de Holm fieri faciat ; ita
quod eos habeat coram etc. in octabis S. Michaelis.
Preceptum f uit Vicecomiti, quod de Judeis de Wiltonia levari faceret
dim. m., de Judeis de Crikelad iij s., et de Judeis de Devises ij s., ad
opus Henrici de Wintonia, pro quatuor marcis auri quas dictus
Henricus mutuo commisit ut supra ; ita quod denarios illos haberet
coram etc. ad instantes tres septimanas S. Johannis Baptiste, predicto
Henrico liberandos. Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod retornavit breve
ballivis Libertatum Wiltonie, Crikelad et Devises, qui nichil inde
fecerunt. Et quia constat Justiciariis, quod predicti Judei sunt in
potestate ipsius Yicecomitis, et non in potestate ballivorum aliquarum
Libertatum, ideo ipse Vicecomes, scilicet / in misericordia. Et
preceptum est ei, quod non omittat, propter predictas Libertates, quin
eas etc. ; et sicut alias, a die S. Michaelis in xv dies. Et Vicecomes
sciat se etc.
Eodem modo et pro eodem preceptum fuit Vicecomiti Surreie et
Sussexe, quod de Judeis de Geldeford levari faceret iij s., de Judeis
Cicestrie iij s., de Judeis de Arondell' iij s., de Judeis de Lewes ij s.,
de Judeis de Saford ij s., et de Judeis de Hacesham ij s. ; ita quod
denarios illos haberet coram etc. ad predictum diem, predicto Henrico
liberandos. Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod communitas Judeorum
solvit Eoberto Tayllard, nuper Constabulario Geldeford, iij s., ad opus
dicti Henrici, et idem Eobertus amotus est aballiva sua, et nichil habet
in bonis, nee est inventus in patria ; et quod Judei Cicestrie sunt de
Libertate Eadmundi, filii Eegis Allemannie, cujus ballivi, qui habue-
1 The name is omitted because the office charged by a locum tenens. See List of
was in fact vacant, the duties being dis- Sheriffs (P.E.O.) p. 152.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1272 69
weeks after St. John the Baptist's day instant, to be delivered to the
said Henry. On which day the Sheriff sent the said 8s. levied upon
the Jews of Cambridge, and 3s. levied upon the Jews of Huntingdon,
which he paid to Richard of Wykeham, the said Henry's attorney, and
thereof is quit ; and he sent word, that the bailiffs of the Countess
of Gloucester do not permit him to enter the Liberty of Bottisham ;
and that the bailiffs of Edmund,1 son of the King of Germany, do not
permit him to levy any money upon the Jews of Holm. So the
Sheriff is commanded, that he omit not, by reason of the said Liberties,
to enter etc., and to cause the said moneys to be made of the chattels
of the Jews of Bottisham and Holm ; so that he have them before
etc. on Michaelmas octave.
The Sheriff was commanded, that he cause to be levied upon the
Jews of Wilton ^ mark, upon the Jews of Cricklade 3s., and upon
the Jews of Devizes 2s., to the use of Henry de Winton, upon account of
the 4 marks of gold which the said Henry lent as aforesaid ; so that he
have those moneys before etc. three weeks after St. John the Baptist's
day instant, to be delivered to the said Henry. And the Sheriff sent
word, that he returned the writ to the bailiffs of the Liberties of Wilton,
Cricklade, and Devizes, who did nought in execution thereof. And
as the Justices are satisfied, that the said Jews are in the jurisdiction
of the Sheriff, and not in the jurisdiction of the bailiffs of any Liber-
ties, therefore the Sheriff, to wit , is in mercy. And he is com-
manded, that he omit not, by reason of the said Liberties, to enter etc. ;
and mandate, as before, for Michaelmas quindene. And let the
Sheriff know that he etc.
In the same way and on the same account the Sheriff of Surrey
and Sussex was commanded, that he cause to be levied upon the Jews
of Guildford 3s., upon the Jews of Chichester 3s., upon the Jews of
Arundel 3s., upon the Jews of Lewes 2s., upon the Jews of Seaford
2s., and upon the Jews of Hatcham 2s. ; so that he have those moneys
before etc. on the said day, to be delivered to the said Henry. And
the Sheriff sent word, that the community of the Jews paid Robert
Tayllard, late Constable of Guildford, 3s., to the use of the said Henry,
and the said Robert is removed from his bailiwick, and has nought
in goods, and is not found in the country ; and that the Jews of
Chichester belong to the Liberty of Edmund, son of the King of
Germany, whose bailiffs had the return, and did nought in execution
' Richard's successor in the earldom of Cornwall, but not yet invested.
70
SCACCAFJUM JUDEORUM
runt retornimi, nichil hide fecerunt. Et Judei de Arondell' et Lewes
nichil habent nisi quasdam domos vacuas, et non sunt inventi in balliva
sua. Et Judei de Saford et Hacesham sunt de Libertate Domine
Regine Anglie, cujus ballivi, qui habuerunt retornum, nichil inde
fecerunt. Judicium, quod non omittat, propter Libertates predictas,
quin eas etc., et sicut alias, a die S. Michaelis in xv dies.
Eodem modo et pro eodem precept am fuit Vicecomiti Gloucestr',
quod de Judeis Gloucestrie levari faceret viij s. ; ita quod denarios
illos haberet coram etc. ad predictum diem, predicto Henrico liberan-
dos ; et unde Vicecomes niandavit, quod de communitate Judeorum
Gloucestrie levari fecit viij s., et illos tradidit Ursello, Judeo, ad por-
tandum, ita quod essent ad diem ; qui quidem Ursellus dictos denarios
ad dictum diem non habuit. Ideo ipse Ursellus in misericordia. Et
preceptum est Vicecomiti, sicut alias, a die S. Michaelis in xv dies, et
quod habeat corpus dicti Urselli ad eundem diem, ad respondendum
de injusta detencione.
Eodem modo et pro eodem preceptum fuit Vicecomiti Hereford',
quod de Judeis Herefordie levari faceret dim. m. ; ita quod denarios
illos haberet coram etc. ad predictum diem, predicto Henrico liberandos.
Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod Aaron Le Blund, Judeus, Herefordie,
qui in majori parte istius dim. m. tenetur, est in prisona apud Lon-
doniam, et bona et catalla aliorum Judeorum Herefordie seisita sunt in
manuni Domini Regis, et Archa Cirographorum suorum per preceptum
Regis sigillata. Ideo preceptum est ei, sicut alias, a die S. Michaelis
in xv dies.
DE TERMINO S. HILLARII ANNO REGNI REGIS
EDWARDI PRIMO.
ftot. 12,
Loud.
Samuel, films Aaron, Judeus, Londonie, fuit attachiatus ad
respondendum Rogero de Kyntona de placito transgressionis et unde
queritur, quod idem Rogerus in vigilia Annunciationis B. Marie anno
regni Domini Henrici Regis, patris Regis nunc, lv°, venisset ad domum
Hervei de Bathonia, in Civitate Londonie, ubi Comes Gloucestrie fuit,
ad peciendum l servicium et salarium suum pro servicio ipsius Rogeri
Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1273 70
thereof. And the Jews of Arundel and Lewes have nought except
some empty houses, and are not found in his bailiwick. And the Jews
of Seaford andHatcham belong to the Liberty of our Lady the Queen
of England, whose bailiffs had the return, and did nought in execution
thereof. Judgment, that he omit not, by reason of the said Liberties,
to enter etc., and mandate, as before, for Michaelmas quindene.1
In the same way and on the same account the Sheriff of Gloucester-
shire was commanded, that he cause to be levied upon the Jews of
Gloucester 8s. ; so that he have those moneys before etc. on the said
day, to be delivered to the said Henry ; and in regard thereof the
Sheriff sent word, that he caused 8s. to be levied upon the community
of the Jews of Gloucester, and delivered them to Ursel, Jew, to carry,
that they might be forthcoming on the day appointed ; which Ursel
had not the said moneys on the said day. So Ursel in mercy. And
mandate to the Sheriff, as before, for Michaelmas quindene, and that
he have the body of the said Ursel on the same day, to answer for the
unlawful detinue.
In the same way and on the same account the Sheriff of Hereford-
shire was commanded, that he levy upon the Jews of Hereford i mark ;
so that he have those moneys before etc. on the said day, to be delivered
to the said Henry. And the Sheriff sent word, that Aaron Le Blund,
Jew, of Hereford, who is bound in the greater part of this £ mark, is
in prison at London, and the goods and chattels of the other Jews of
Hereford are taken into the hand of our Lord the King, and that their
Chirograph-Chest is closed under seal by command of the King.
Therefore mandate to him, as before, for Michaelmas quindene.
HILARY TERM IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE REIGN OF
KING EDWARD, [a.d. 1273.]
Samuel, son of Aaron, Jew, of London, was attached to answer
Roger de Kineton touching a plea of trespass, whereof the said
Roger complains, that on the vigil of the Annunciation of
Blessed Mary in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of King Henry,
father of the present King, at the house of Hervey de Bath, in the
City of London, where the Earl of Gloucester then was, the said
1 It is evident from these records that the Liberties afforded the Jews no secure
asylum.
ib. m.
Loml.
71 SCACCARIUM JUDEOKUM
Comiti predicto impenso, predictus Samuel eundem Rogerum verbis
contumeliosis infestavit et insultavit, imponendo ei crimen seductionis,
et dicendo ipsum vidisse ubi diet us Rogerus cepit sex denarios ad
seducendum quendam Christianum in quodam placito xl m., per
quod idem Rogerus diffamatus est erga dictum Comitem et suos, et
eciam versus plures alios, per quod non potest ab eodem Comite
salarium suum pro servicio suo sibi prestito percipere, ad dampnum
ipsius Rogeri, c 1. ; et unde produxit sectam.
Predictus Samuel et defendit vim etc. et de transgressione et
infestacione verborum promptus est se acquietare per quicquid Curia
Regis consideraverit, quod ipsum acquietare debeat ; et petit, quod
commune jus et Communis Lex super hoc exhibeatur.
Et predictus Rogerus dicit, quod predictam infestacionem promptus
est verificare per Christianos et Judeos qui ibidem interf uerant ; et
petit, quod per auxilium Curie inquiratur per eosdem.
Et quia dictus Rogerus nicliil dicit, quin dictus Judeus esset ad
legem suam, consideratum est, quod dictus Samuel invadiet ei legem
ad faciendum a die Pasche in tres septimanas, per plegiagium Jacobi
le Evesk' et Joscei, filii Sleme. Ad quern diem predictus Samuel
venit et fecit se 2 sola manu legem ; et requisitus, si aliquem alium
secum duxerit ad legem illam secum faciendam, dicit, quod non. Et
predictus Rogerus petit judicium, desicut predictus Samuel petiit
Legem Communem, et earn habuit, et invadiavit ad faciendum ad
hunc diem, et earn secundum Communem Legem non fecit, nisi se
sola manu. Et super hoc habent judicium suum, eras.
Et postea, per licenciam Justiciariorum, concordati sunt sub forma,
quod dictus Samuel dabit dicto Roger o j m., unde solvit incontinenti
dim. mi, et aliam dim. m. solvet in octabis S. Trinitatis, per plegiagium
Manseri, filii Aaron, Judei. Et nisi fecerit, dicti Judei concedunt,
quod de terris et catallis suis fiant.
Memorandum, quod, cum Leo, filius Preciose, Judeus, mortuus,
teneretur Domine Regine, matris 3 Domini Regis, in xv m. et dim., de
diversis particulis de Auro 4 ejusdem Regine, assignatum est eidem
Domine Regine unum debitum xx 1., in quo Walterus filius Bernardi,
2 Sic. The apt turn thus given to the for matri, or that ' ad opus ' has been
formula is not peculiar to this case. omitted before ' Domine Regine.'
3 Sic. The sense is the same, whether ' See Glossary,
we suppose that ' matris ' is a clerical error
EXCHEQUER OF TPIE JEWS, AD. 1273 71
Samuel did him, Roger, who had come thither in quest of service and
his salary for service done by him for the said Earl, molest and assail
with contumelious words, charging him with the crime of seduction,
and saying, that he had seen him, the said Koger, take 6d. to seduce
a Christian in a plea of 40 marks, whereby the said Koger lost repute
with the said Earl and his men, and also with several others, so that
he is unable to get from the said Earl his salary for service rendered
him, to his, Roger's, damage, £100 ; whereof he produced suit.
The said Samuel both defends the force etc., and touching the
trespass and the verbal molestation is ready to acquit himself in
whatever manner the King's Court may award, that he should acquit
himself; and he craves, that on this matter common right and
Common Law may be dispensed.
And the said Roger says, that the said molestation he is ready to
verify by Christians and Jews who were present where it took place ;
and he craves the aid of the Court, that inquest be had by the same.
And because the said Roger says nothing, whereby the said
Jew should not be at making his law, it is adjudged, that the
said Samuel wage him to make law three weeks after Easter,
by pledges, to wit, Jacob le Eveske and Joce, son of Slema. On
which day the said Samuel came and made himself law single-
handed ; and being asked, whether he has brought any one else to
make the law with him, he says, no. And the said Roger craves
judgment, for that the said Samuel craved the Common Law, and
had it, and waged to make law on this day, and did not make it by
the Common Law, but only single-handed. And touching this they
have their judgment, to-morrow.
And thereafter, by leave of the Justices, they made fine in the
form, that the said Samuel shall give the said Roger 1 mark, of which
he pays one half mark forthwith, and will pay another half mark
on the octave of Holy Trinity. Pledge, Manser, son of Aaron, Jew.
And if he shall make default, the said Jews grant, that the amount be
made of their lands and chattels.
Be it had in remembrance, that, whereas Leo, son of Preciosa, Jew,
deceased, was bound to the use of our Lady the Queen, our Lord the
King's mother, in 15| marks, in respect of several items of the said
Queen's Gold, there is assigned to our said Lady the Queen a debt of
£20, in which Walter FitzBernard, knight, of the County of Essex, was
cat' Leon'
fil' fredus
72 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
miles, de Comitatu Essexe, tenebatur dicto Leoni, ita quod de eodem
debito xx I. leventur dicte xv m. et dim. ad opus dicte Domine Eegine,
et residuum illius debiti xxl. remaneat heredibus ipsius Leonis. Et
carta predictarum xx 1. traditur Johanni de Whatelega, Custodi Auri
ejusdem Eegine, ad levandum predictas xv m. et dim.
Summa omnium catallorum Leonis, filii Preciuse,1 Judei, mortui,
post puramentum factum per uxorem dicti Leonis et heredes ipsius
Leonis, tarn mobilium quam inmobilium, Dvij 1. xj s. iiij d., unde de
predictis catallis subtractum est ad opus Eegis xll. xvj s. viij d. ; et
carte continentes predictas xl 1. xvj s. et viij d. ponuntur in Thesauro
Eegis ; et sic remanent de claro cccclxvj 1. xiiij s. viij d. ; unde tercia
pars Eegis est, scilicet, civ 1. xj s. vj d. ob. Pro qua quidem tercia
parte, et pro tallagio predicti Leonis, Justiciarii ceperunt ad opus
Eegis xxj cartas de melioribus et clarioribus debitis predicti Leonis,
continentes predictam summam.
Memorandum, quod, cum una carta xl. sub nominibus Jacobi
Haunsard, de Comitatu Surreie, et Leonis, filii Preciose, Judei,
mortui, fuisset in manu Domini Eegis per mortem dicti Leonis, Prior
S. Marie de Suwerk', tenens quandam partem terrarum que fuerunt
predicti Jacobi, venit coram etc., et protulit partem predicti Judei de
predicto debito dampnatam, et unum starrum in hec verba : — Quod
Leo, films Preciuse, perdonavit et acquietavit Jacobo Haunsard, et
heredibus et assignatis suis, predictum debitum xl., et omnia alia
debita in quibus predictus Jacobus dicto Judeo tenebatur a principio
seculi usque ad festum S. Petri ad Vincula anno Domini Henrici
Eegis lvj°. Quod quidem starrum sigillatum fuit littera Hebraica,
sicut moris est Judeorum, per manum dicti Leonis, sicut dictus Prior
dixit. Et quia incertum fuit Justiciariis, utrum predictus Leo
sigillavit predictum starrum manu sua, vel non, inquisitum fuit per
Benedictum de Wintonia, Gamaliel de Oxonia, Cresse, filium Gente,
Isaac de Berkhamstede et Aaron de La Eye, Judeos. Qui dicunt
super sacramentum suurn, quod predictus Leo sigillavit manu sua
predictum starrum. Ideo carta de predicto debito in qua cera
dependebat, que venit de Archa Cirographorum Londonie per mortem
dicti Leonis, et fuit in Thesauro Eegis, predicto Priori in pleno
Scaccario quiete liberatur dampnata.
1 This name is spelt indifferently with an ' o ' or a ' u.'
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1273 72
bound to the said Leo, to the intent that of the said debt of £20
the said 15| marks be raised to the use of our said Lady the Queen, and
that the residue of that debt of £20 do remain to his, Leo's, heirs.
And the charter for the said £20 is given to John de Whately, Keeper
of the said Queen's Gold, that he may raise the said 15^ marks.
Sum of all the chattels of Leo, son of Preciosa, Jew, deceased,
after liquidation made by the wife and heirs of the said Leo, as well
of movables as of immovables, £507 lis. 4d., from which said
chattels deduction is made to the use of the King of £40 16s. 8d. ;
and the charters containing the said £40 16s. 8d. are placed in the
King's Treasury ; and so there remain clear £466 14s. 8d. ; of which
the third part belongs to the King, to wit, £155 lis. 6£d. For which
third part, and for the talliage of the said Leo, the Justices took to the
King's use twenty-one charters of the better and clearer debts owing
to the said Leo, which contain the said sum.
Be it had in remembrance, that, whereas a charter for £10 under
the names of James Haunsard, of the County of Surrey, and Leo, son
of Preciosa, Jew, deceased, was in the hand of our Lord the King by
reason of the death of the said Leo, the Prior of St. Mary of Southwark,
tenant of part of the lands which belonged to the said James, came before
etc., and produced the said Jew's part of a chirograph for the said debt
cancelled, and a starr to this effect : — That Leo, son of Preciosa, released
and acquitted to James Haunsard, and his heirs and assigns, the said
debt of £10, and all other debts in which the said James was bound
to the said Jew from the beginning of the world to the feast of
St. Peter's Chains in the fifty-sixth year of King Henry. Which starr
— so the said Prior said — bore the said Leo's seal and sign-manual in
the Hebrew character, as is the custom of the Jews. And because
the Justices were in doubt, whether the said Leo sealed the said
starr with his hand, or no, inquest was made by Benedict of
Winchester, Gamaliel of Oxford, Cresse, son of Genta, Isaac of
Berkhamsted, and Aaron of Eye, Jews. Who say upon their oath,
that the said Leo sealed the said starr with his hand. So the charter
for the said debt, having the seal attached, which came from the
London Chirograph-Chest by reason of the death of the said Leo, and
was in the King's Treasury, is in full Exchequer delivered to the said
Prior quit and cancelled.
73 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
^r™- 7> Memorandum, quod istud breve subscriptum emanavit pro Cirogra-
Lond- phariis Christianis Londonie : — Edwardus etc. Majori et Vicecomitibus
Londonie salutem : — Quia per antiqua statuta et libertates predeces-
sorum nostrorum, Eegum Anglie, ministris, et omnibus qui omciuni
habent, in Scaccario nostro Judeorum, concessa et confirmata et
bactenus usitata, iidem ministri, et alii qui officium habent, quieti
sunt a prestacione tallagii ; vobis mandamus, quod Johannem Skip
et Eobertum Hayrun de tallagio quietos permittatis, quamdiu fuerint
in officio illo, districcionem super ipsos, si quam ea occasione feceritis,
relaxantes.
Lo^- Quia datum fuit intelligi Justiciariis, quod Cok', films Aaron,
Judeus, interfectus, habuit iij filios et heredes suos, inter quos omnia
bona sua racione hereditatis deberent esse partita, et unus ex ipsis,
scilicet, Manserus nomine, obiit infra ij vel tres annos post mortem dicti
Cok' ; unde Eex de jure et secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem
Judaismi debuerat habuisse terciam partem bonorum suorum ad ipsos
spectantium ; et Haginus, filius Magistri Mossei, qui juratus fuit
Domino Eegi in Scaccario Judeorum ad Justiciariis Domini Eegis
fideliter consulendum et jura Eegis exprimenda, et qui habuit custo-
diam dicti Manseri, mortem ipsius defuncti maliciose et falso contra
sacramentum suum concelavit, et post mortem dicti Manseri defuncti
idem Haginus catalla ad ipsum Manserum defunctum ad Eegem
spectantia inter duos alios fratres superstites dicti defuncti partiri
fecit, et unum fratrem fecit desponsare filiam suam, et alteram
fratrem concessit Aaron Crespin ad desponsandum filiam suam, et
hac racione concessit predicto Aaron, eo quod dictus Aaron noctanter,
post interfectionem dicti Cok', una cum Christianis et Judeis adivit in
quodam curtilagio juxta domum dicti Cok', ubi thesaurus dicti Cok' fuit
absconditus, et ibi cepit, ut in auro, argento, cuppis aureis et argenteis,
anulis, zonis et frustis auri, ad valenciam m 1., et predictum
thesaurum noctanter portari fecit apud Turrim Londonie, ubi dictus
Haginus tunc temporis moram fecit, et ibidem inter eos fuit partitus ;
et de toto predicto thesauro Dominus Eex de jure debuit habuisse
terciam partem per mortem predicti Cok'. Unde super morte dicti
Manseri, filii Cok', facta est inquisicio, sed de thesauro predicti Cok'
nichil factum est, propter dominium dicti Hagini, usque adventum
Domini Eegis in Anglia ; videlicet, per Benedictum de Wintonia,
Aaron Potago, Gamaliel de Oxonia, Isaac de Warrewico, Isaac le
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1273 73
Be it had in remembrance, that the underwritten writ issued for
the Christian Chirographers of London : — Edward etc. to the Mayor
and Sheriffs of London greeting : — Whereas by the ancient ordinances
and franchises granted, confirmed, and hitherto observed by our
predecessors, Kings of England, to and for the servants and all
officers in our Exchequer of the Jews, the same servants and other
officers are quit of the render of talliage ; We command you, that
you suffer John Skip and Eobert Hayrun to be quit of talliage, so
long as they be in that office, and that you discharge any distress,
which you may have made upon them on occasion thereof.
Whereas the Justices were informed, that Cok, son of Aaron, Jew,
slain, had three sons and heirs, between whom by inheritance all his
goods were divisible, and one of them, Manser, to wit, by name, died
within two or three years after the death of the said Cok ; for which
cause, of right and according to the Assize and Custom of Jewry, the
King should have had the third part of the goods which concerned them ;
and Ha.gin, son of Master Moses, being under oath to the King faith-
fully to assist the King's Justices in the Exchequer of the Jews by
his advice and in setting forth the King's rights,1 and being the
guardian of the said Manser, did wickedly and falsely against his
oath conceal the death of the said Manser, and thereafter caused the
chattels of the deceased, which concerned the King, to be divided
between the two surviving brothers of the said deceased, and caused one
brother to marry his, Hagin's, daughter, and gave the other brother to
Aaron Crespin, to marry his daughter, and did so give him to the said
Aaron, because the said Aaron, after the said Cok was slain, came by
night with Christians and Jews, and entered a curtilage adjoining the
said Cok's house, where the said Cok's treasure was concealed, and
there took £1,000 worth of gold and silver, gold and silver cups,
rings, girdles, and pieces of gold, and caused the said treasure to be
carried by night to the Tower of London, where the said Hagin then
resided, and there the treasure was divided between them ; of all
which said treasure the King ought by right to have had the third
part by reason of the said Cok's death. Wherefore inquest is had on
the death of the said Manser, son of Cok, but touching the treasure
of the said Cok nothing is done, by reason of the lordship of the said
Hagin, until our Lord the King be in England. The inquest is
by Benedict of Winchester, Aaron Potago, Gamaliel of Oxford, Isaac
1 The accused was no other than the Chief Rabbi.
74 SOACCAEIUM JUDEOEUM
Evesk', Diei le Evesk', Vives, filium Abrahe, Aaron de La Eye,
Magistrum Samuelem, de Lohun, Aaron, filium Salle, Deudone de
Wintonia, et Diei, filium Abrahe, juratores. De quibus Benedictus
de Wintonia, juratus per se, dicit, quod Cok', filius Aaron, die quo
interfectus fuit, scilicet, circa Mediam Quadragesimam anno Begis
Henrici xlviij0, habuit iij filios, scilicet, Benedictum, filium Cok', qui
desponsavit filiam predicti Hagini, et Abraham, filium Cok', qui
desponsavit filiam Aaron Crespin, et tercium filium, cujus nomen fuit
Manserus, et fuit etatis circiter unius quarterii anni unius quando
predictus Cok' obiit. Et idem filius fuit ad domum cujusdam
burgensis, nomine Henrici ; et postea idem filius in autumpno
sequente missus fuit ad partes transmarinas in societate Magistri
Mossei, Vives, filii Mossei, Aaron Potage,1 Gamaliel de Oxonia et
aliorum Judeorum, qui tunc transfretaverunt, et fuit cum quibus-
dam Judeis ibidem per unum annum ; et tunc dictus Magister
Mosseus et alii Judei redierunt ad Angliam, et predictus puer moram
fecit postea in partibus transmarinis per dimidium annum. Et
postea quidam Willelmus de Mortimer, de Istelworth, per predictum
Haginum, filium Magistri Mossei, cum brevibus Domini Begis ivit ad
querendum predictum puerum, et ipsum duxit in Angliam ; et post-
quam idem puer venit in Angliam obiit apud Cantuariam.
Aaron Potage, juratus, dicit, et in omnibus concordat cum predicto
Benedicto, preter quod nescit, utrum Willelmus de Mortimer ivit ultra
mare pro predicto puero, necne ; set bene scit, quod predictus puer
in societate sua transfretavit mare, et postea rediit.
Gamaliel de Oxonia dicit, quod dictus Cok' non habuit nisi duos
filios, qui modo sunt superstates, videlicet, Benedictum et Abraham.
Isaac de Warrewico dicit, quod dictus Cok' non habuit nisi duos
filios, et concordat cum Gamaliel in omnibus.
Isaac le Evesk' dicit, quod predictus Cok' habuit iij filios, et in
omnibus concordat cum predictis Benedicto et Aaron ; et dicit, quod
tercius filius obiit, ut intelligit, apud Cantuariam, et fuit baptizatus,
ut credit, et fuit circiter iij annorum quando obiit ; et dicit, quod
dictus Willelmus de Mortimer, de Istelworth, habuit x m. quando
transfretavit ad querendum predictum puerum.
Diei le Evesk' dicit, quod predictus Cok habuit iij filios, et
concordat cum Isaac le Evesk', preter hoc, quod nescit, si fuit
This name is terminated indifferently with an ' o ' or an ' e.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1273 74
of Warwick, Isaac le Eveske, Diaia le Eveske, Vives, son of Abraham,
Aaron of Eye,' Master Samuel, of Lohun,2 Aaron, son of Salle,
Deudone 3 of Winchester, and Diaia, son of Abraham, jurors. Of
whom Benedict of Winchester, sworn by himself, testifies, that on the
day when Cok, son of Aaron, was slain, to wit, about Mid-Lent in the
48th year of the reign of King Henry, the said Cok had three sons,
to wit, Benedict, son of Cok, who married the said Hagin's daughter,
and Abraham, son of Cok, who married Aaron Crespin's daughter,
and a third son, whose name was Manser, and whose age was about
a quarter of a year when the said Cok died. And the said son was
at the house of a burgess named Henry; and afterwards in the following
autumn he was sent oversea in the company of Master Moses, Vives,
son of Moses, Aaron Potage, Gamaliel of Oxford, and other Jews,
who then went oversea, and he was there with certain Jews for the
space of a year ; and then the said Master Moses and other Jews
returned to England, but the said boy remained oversea for another
half-year. And afterwards one William de Mortimer, of Isleworth,
was sent by the said Hagin, son of Master Moses, with the King's
writs to seek the said boy, and brought him to England ; and after
his arrival in England the said boy died at Canterbury.
Aaron Potage is sworn and testifies, and in all matters agrees
with the said Benedict, except that he knows not, whether William
de Mortimer went oversea to seek the said boy, or no ; but he is
sure, that the said boy went oversea in his, Aaron's, company, and
afterwards returned.
Gamaliel of Oxford testifies, that the said Cok had but two sons,
who are now living, to wit, Benedict and Abraham.
Isaac of Warwick testifies, that the said Cok had but two sons, and
agrees with Gamaliel in all matters.
Isaac le Eveske testifies, that the said Cok had three sons, and in
all matters agrees with the said Benedict and Aaron ; and testifies,
that the third son died, as he is informed, at Canterbury, and was
baptized, as he believes, and was about three years old when he died ;
and he testifies, that the said William de Mortimer, of Isleworth, had
10 marks when he went oversea to seek the said boy.
Diaia le Eveske testifies, that the said Cok had three sons, and
agrees with Isaac le Eveske, except that he knows not, whether he
1 Cf. Cal. Close Rolls (Rolls Ser.), Ed. I. Norfolk. Cf. Cal. Close Rolls, Ed. I. 1272-
1272-9, Index, ' Rye ; ' and Hebrew Deeds 9, Index, ' Lonn.'
of English Jews before 1290, ed. Davis, p. 3 Dieudonne, of which the Hebrew
349. original may be either ^JJ13 (Nathanael)
2 Frequently spelt Loun. Perhaps Lynn, or pn^ (Elchanan). A.-J.H.E.P. i. 262.
dorso,
Cantebr.
76 SOACOARIUM JUDEORUM
Cantuariam predictus puer postea obiit, ita quod die obitus sui fuit
etatis circiter iij annorum efc unius quartern unius anni.
Unde super hoc loquendum est cum Domino Eege et ejus Con-
silio, quia recognitum est per inquisicionem predictam, quod predictus
Manserus, filius dicti Cok', defunctus ; qui de jure et secundum Con-
suetudinem Judeorum habuit terciam partem omnium catallorum
dicti Cok', patris sui ; et nullus post mortem ipsius Manseri seque-
batur ad faciendum finem pro predictis catallis, nee ad monstrandum
Regi partem suam ; set omnia predicta catalla, tarn ad Kegem
spectantia quam alia, remanent predicto Hagino, filio Magistri Mossei,
et predicto Benedicto et Abraham, filiis dicti Cok', prout bene constat
etc.
DE TERMINO S. TRINITATIS.
not. 13, m. 9, Memorandum, quod, cum in anno regni Regis Henrici lprimo,
tempore turbacionis habite in regno, quo inimici Regis fuerunt in
Insula Eliensi, iidem inimici venerunt apud Cantebrigiam, et Archam
Cirographorum Cantebrigie ibidem existentem, cum diversis cartis
Judeorum, asportaverunt usque Insulam Eliensem, et postea, in anno
regni Regis Edwardi primo, factum fuit scrutinium de catallis Judeo-
rum in Arch a Cirographorum Cantebrigie existentibus per Robertum
de Ludham, Justiciarium etc., et in eadem Archa invente fuerunt
diverse carte confecte antequam predicta Archa depredata fuit in
anno etc. lj°, et acte cartarum predictarum prius facte fuerunt, vide-
licet, .' Per quod preceptum fuit Cirographariis, quod haberent
coram Justiciariis in crastino S. Margarete brevia Regis de waranto, si
qua habuerint, de predictis cartis retinendis vel reponendis in Archa.
Ad quern diem Cirographarii venerunt et protulerunt duo brevia
Domini Regis Henrici in hec verba : — Henricus, Dei gratia etc., Ciro-
graphariis, Christianis et Judeis, Arche Cirographorum Cantebrigie,
salutem : — Precipimus vobis, quod omnes cartas quas Exheredati
dudum in Insula Eliensi existentes detulerunt a villa nostra Cante-
brigie in Archa Cirographorum nostrorum, tempore turbacionis
regni nostri, in Insulam predictam, in quorumcumque manibus illas
invenire poteritis, recipiatis et in Archa Cirographorum nostrorum
Cantabrigie ponatis, si vobis constare poterit, quod predicte carte
A long list of debts follows.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1273 76
and the said boy afterwards died at Canterbury, and his age on the
day of his death was about three years and a quarter of a year.
Touching which matter speech must be had of our Lord the King
and his Council, because it is recognised by the said inquest, that the
said Manser, son of the said Cok, is dead ; and of right and according
to the Custom of the Jews he had the third part of all the chattels of
the said Cok, his father ; and after his, Manser's, death no one
sued to make fine for the said chattels, and declare to the King his
third part ; but all the said chattels, as well those which concerned the
King as the rest, remain in the possession of the said Hagin, son
of Master Moses, and the said Benedict and Abraham, sons of the
said Cok, as it is well established etc.1
HOLY TRINITY TERM.
Be it had in remembrance, that, whereas in the fifty-first year of
the reign of King Henry, the realm being then in a troublous state,
the enemies of the King, who were in the Isle of Ely, came to Cam-
bridge, and did carry away the Cambridge Chirograph-Chest there
being, with divers charters of the Jews, to the Isle of Ely, and after-
wards, in the first year of the reign of King Edward, a scrutiny of the
chattels of the Jews in the Cambridge Chirograph-Chest was made by
Robert de Ludham, Justice etc., and in the said chest there were
found divers charters made before the seizure of the said Chest in the
fifty-first year etc., and the dates of the said charters were prior, to
wit, . Wherefore the Chirographers were commanded to have
before the Justices on the morrow of St. Margaret the King's warrants,
if any they have, for the retention of the said charters or their re-
placement in the Chest. On which day the Chirographers came
and produced two writs of King Henry to the effect following : —
Henry, by the grace of God etc., to the Chirographers, Christian and
Jewish, of the Chirograph-Chest of Cambridge, greeting : — We com-
mand you, that all the charters which, during the late disorders of
our realm, were carried from our town of Cambridge in our Chiro-
graph-Chest to the Isle of Ely by the Disinherited, who were then in
the said Isle, you recover, in whose hands soever you may be able to
discover them, and place them in our Chirograph-Chest at Cambridge,
1 How the Chief Kabbi extricated him- ing situation from which he failed to ex-
self from this affair does not appear. We tricate himself. See p. 109, infra,
shall meet with him again in an embarrass-
ib. in. 10.
rlorso,
/ t SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
fuerunt in Archa predicta ante quam fuit delata in Insulam pre-
dictam per predictos Exheredatos tempore predicto. Teste Eoberto
de Fulhani, apud Westmonasteriuni, xxiiij0 die Jan. anno regni nostri
lij°. Et aliud breve in hec verba : — Henricus etc. Cirographariis etc.,
Cantebrigie, salutem: — Precipimus vobis, quod secundum tenorem. . . .
Memorandum, quod in septimana Pentecostes Haginus, filius
Lonri Magistri Mossei, Cok' Hagin, Cok', filius Hagini, Benedictus, filius
Cok', Benedictus de Lincolnia, et Vives, filius Magistri Mossei, dederunt
xvijbi;s. Regi xvij biss. pro habendo respectu de tallagio suo super ipsos
assesso de Termino Pasche anno regni Begis Edwardi primo usque
ad octabas S. Trinitatis ; et tunc solvent tallagium illud pro porcione
quemlibet eorum contingente ; et quilibet eorum pro se concessit dare
Regi xl biss., si porciones suas non solverint ad dictum diem. Ad
quern diem dicti Judei non solverunt tallagium suum, nee predicta
bissancia. Ideo dicti Judei dabunt Regi predicta biss. ad que se
obligaverunt. Solverunt ccxl biss. aurea.
ib.m. 11. Summa catallorum Saunte, filii Aaron, Judei, mortui, de catallis
Lond. Stamf . . ,
infra Archam Cirographorum existentibus, xxvj 1. iij s. iiij d., de claro
post puramentum factum per Fluriam, que fuit uxor Saunte predicti;
unde tercia pars Regis est viij 1. xiiij s. v d. ob. Pro qua tercia parte
Rex tenet se ad unum debitum xij 1. sub nominibus Willelmi de Hocolt
ob'Lv*'1' et dicti Saunte, quod apuratum est ad viij 1. ; et xiiij s. vd. ob. re-
Rec'Reg'. siduos solvit in denariis in Recepta Regis. Et preceptum est Ciro-
graphariis, quod de residuis cartis liberam hide permittant habere
administracionem, et quod babeant predictam cartam xij 1. coram etc.
in octabis S. Michaelis, ad ponendum in Thesauro ad opus Regis.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 127.-, < /
if you may be satisfied, that the said charters were in the said Chest
before it was carried into the said Isle by the said Disinherited at the
time aforesaid. Witness Eobert de Fulham, at Westminster, on the
twenty-fourth day of January in the fifty-second year of our reign.
And another writ to the effect following :— Henry etc. to the Chiro-
graphers etc., of Cambridge, greeting : — We command you, that accord-
ing to the tenor l
Lotion. Be it had in remembrance, that in the week of Pentecost Hagin, son
of Master Moses, Cok Hagin, Cok, son of Hagin, Benedict, son of Cok,
Benedict of Lincoln, and Vives, son of Master Moses, gave the King
17 bezants, that their talliage assessed upon them for Easter Term in
the first year of the reign of King Edward may be respited until the
octave of Holy Trinity ; when they will severally pay the talliage,
each discharging the portion resting upon him ; and each for himself
agreed to give the King 40 bezants, if they should make default in
payment of their several portions on the said day. On which day
the said Jews paid neither their talliage nor the said bezants. So
the said Jews will give the King the said bezants to which they bound
themselves. They paid 240 gold bezants.
London.
Stamf.
Sum of the chattels of Saunta, son of Aaron, Jew, deceased,
on account of chattels within the Chirograph-Chest, £26 3s. 4d.,
clear after liquidation made by Fluria, wife that was of the said
Saunta ; whereof the King's third part is £8 14s. 5^d. In regard
of which third part the King has recourse to a debt of £12 under the
names of William de Hocolt and the said Saunta, which is liquidated
at £8 ; and the balance, 14s. 5k/., she paid in coin in the Keceipt of
the King. And the Chirographers are commanded to suffer her to
have free administration of the residue of the charters, and they are
to have the said charter for £12 before etc. on the octave of St. Michael,
that it may be placed in the Treasury to the use of the King.
The battle of Evesham was followed at held out in the Isle of Ely and were known
no long interval by a proscription of the as the Exheredati or Disinherited. Ann.
leaders of the baronial party. Most of Monast. (Rolls Ser.) iii. 243.
them submitted ; but the more determined
78 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
DE MENSE ET IN CBASTINO ANIMABUM ANNO PKIMO
INCIPIENTE SECUNDO.
Rot. is, m. Eobertus de Bradefeud appellat Hak' Poleyn, Judeum.
iima. ' Per breve Domini Begis directum Johanni de Cobham in hec
verba : — Edwardus etc. dilecto et fideli suo, Johanni de Cobham, Justi-
ciario suo ad gaolam de Neugate deliberandam assignato, salutem : —
Cum ex antiqua consuetudine et concessione predecessorum nostrorum,
Piegum Anglie, Judeis nostris hactenus concessa et confirmata, iidem
Judei placitare non debeant aut implacitari, appellare vel appellari,
nisi coram Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis, ac
Eobertus de Bradefeud per appellum factum coram vobis, de una
roba ei depredata, erga quendam Christianum, qui Hak' Poleyn,
Judeum, Londonie, de eadem roba vocat ad warantum, fuerit pro-
secutus, ut accepimus ; vobis mandamus, quod si hujusmodi ap-
pellum coram vobis factum fuerit, tunc illud, cum processu et omnibus
aliis idem appellum tangentibus, mittatis coram prefatis Justiciariis
nostris apud Westmonasterium die Mercurii proxima post festum
S. Martini, sub sigillo vestro, ibidem secundum Legem Regni nostri
et Assisam et Consuetudinem : terminandum, et scire faciatis omnibus
appellum illud tangentibus, quod tunc sint ibi, si sibi videbitur ex-
pedire, plenam justiciam super hiis recepturi, et habeatis ibi hoc
breve. Teste H. Hauteyn apud Westmonasterium xiij0 die Novembris
anno regni nostri primo.
DE TEEMINO S. TRINITATIS ANNO SECUNDO.
Rot. i6, Giva, que fuit uxor Sadekini, filii Yives, et Bonenfaunt de Kancia
North. " " habuerunt hunc diem ad respondendum Eegi de xx 1. quas habuerunt
de catallis dicti Sadekini, Judei, mortui et intestati, prout continetur in
Memorandis de Termino S. Trinitatis anno Eegis Edwardi primo, et
postea in Termino S. Michaelis, et postea in Termino S. Hillarii
proximo preterito. Ad quern diem predicta Giva venit et dicit, quod
nichil habuit de bonis vel catallis dicti viri sui post mortem ejus, et
dicit, quod non obiit intestatus, set dicit, quod doniina Eegina Anglie
dedit eidem Give c s. de gratia sua ; et de premissis ponit se super
patriam. Et predictus Bonenfaunt similiter ponit se super patriam,
Supply ' Judaismi.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1273-4 78
THE MONTH AND MOEROW OF ALL SOULS IN THE FIRST
AND THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND YEAR. [a.d. 1273-4.]
London. Robert of Bradfield appeals Hak Poleyn, Jew.
By writ of our Lord the King addressed to John de Cobham to
the effect following : — Edward etc. to his dear liege, John de Cobharn,
assigned his Justice for the delivery of Newgate Gaol, greeting: —
Whereas, by ancient custom and concession of our predecessors, Kings
of England, to our Jews hitherto granted and confirmed, the said Jews
are not to plead or be impleaded, to appeal or be appealed, except
before our Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews, and Robert of
Bradfield by appeal made before you, touching a robe stolen from him,
has proceeded against a certain Christian, who vouches Hak Poleyn,
Jew, of London, to warranty of the said robe, as We have heard ; now
We command you, if such an appeal be made before you, that, with the
process and all other matters touching the same appeal, you send it
before our said Justices at Westminster on the Wednesday next after
the feast of St. Martin, under your seal, there to be determined accord-
ing to the Law of our Realm and the Assize and Custom of Jewry, and
that you do all who are concerned with the appeal to wit, that they
then be there, if it shall seem convenient to them, to receive full justice
thereof, and that you have there this writ. Witness Hamo Hauteyn at
Westminster on the 13th day of November in the first year of our reign.
HOLY TRINITY TERM IN THE SECOND YEAR. [a.d. 1274.]
Giva, wife that was of Sadekin, son of Vives, and Bonenfaunt of Kent
had this day to answer the King touching £20 which they had of the
chattels of the said Sadekin, Jew, deceased intestate, as is recorded in the
Memoranda of Holy Trinity Term in the first year of King Edward, and
afterwards in Michaelmas Term, and afterwards in Hilary Term last
past. On which day comes the said Giva and says, that she had nothing
of the goods or chattels of her said husband after his death, and that
he did not die intestate, but she says, that the Queen of England l gave
her, Giva, 100s. of her grace ; and touching the premises she puts
herself upon the country. And the said Bonenfaunt likewise puts
himself upon the country, alleging, that he had nought of the goods
1 I.e. the Queen-Mother. Cf. p. 88, infra.
79 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
quod nichil habuit de bonis vel catallis predicti Sadekini post niortem
suam ; set dicit, quod eadem Giva dedit cum filia sua in maritagio
quandam pecunie summain, Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti North-
amtescire, quod non omittat, propter Libertatern Northainptone, quin
earn etc., et venire faciat coram etc., a die S. Michaelis in unurn men-
sem, xij Christian os et vj Judeos ; et Vicecomiti Bedfordscire, quod
venire faciat vj Judeos Bedford ; et Constabulario Turris Londonie, vj
Judeos Londonie ; et Vicecomiti Oxon', vj Judeos Oxonie, ad recogno-
scendum etc. Et Benedictus le Evesk', Isaac le Evesk' de Berkharn-
sted, Judei, Londonie, et Pictavinus Notingham' manuceperunt pre-
dictam Judeam ad predictum diem. Et Benedictus de Wintonia
manucepit ad hunc diem predictum Bonenfaunt. Ad quem diem
venit inquisicio, sicut patet inter Memoranda de Termino Michaelis
proximo sequente.
Rot i6, Summa catallorum Vives, filii Magistri Mossei, Judei, mortui, tarn
Loud.' ' mobilium quam inmobilium, et tam infra Archam Cirographorum
quam extra, cix 1. ij s. iiij d. ; unde tercia pars Begis est xxxvj 1. vij s.
vd. ; unde Bex tenet se ad unum debitum xlm. sub nominibus Bogeri
de Pathesworth et ipsius Vives, ad unum debitum iiijnr 1. sub nomi-
nibus Thome Malemeyns et dicti Vives, et ad unum debitum xxviij 1.
sub nominibus Johannis de Fulney et Abrahe, filii Muriel, in quo
debito predictus Vives habuit xx 1., et residuum, scilicet, viij 1. et x s.,
sunt Begis. Et eciam, de predictis xxl., Bex capit se ad cxiiij s. j d.
ad performandum terciam partem Begem contingentem, ita quod, si
Bex nonpossit de predicto debito xx 1. levare predictos cxiiij s. j d. citra
tres septimanas S. Michaelis, quod Bex illos recipiat de debito in quo
Petrus de Malo Lacu tenebatur dicto Vives. Et preter hoc Bex cepit
in manum suam pro xxl. vij et xs. iiij d., quos dictus Vives debuit
Begi, tam de arreragiis de tallagio quam de aliis debitis et amercia-
mentis, prout continetur in rotulis Tallagiorum et Amerciamentorum,
unum debitum xx 1. sub nominibus Johannis de Pathesworth et dicti
Vives, et unum debitum xl m. sub nominibus eorumdem Johannis et
Vives, que quidem duo debita apurantur ad xx 1. per Anteram, que
fuit uxor dicti Vives. Et residuum predictorum catallorum, tam
mobilium quam inmobilium, liberantur predicte Antere, et per sic
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1274 79
or chattels of the said Sadekin after his death ; but he says, that
the said Giva gave with her daughter in marriage a certain sum of
money. So the Sheriff of Northamptonshire is commanded, that he
omit not, by reason of the Liberty of Northampton, to enter etc., and
to cause to come before etc., a month after Michaelmas, 12 Christians
and 6 Jews ; and the Sheriff of Bedfordshire is commanded, that he
cause to come 6 Jews of Bedford ; and the Constable of the Tower
of London, that he cause to come 6 Jews of London ; and the
Sheriff of Oxfordshire, that he cause to come 6 Jews of Oxford, to
recognise etc. And Benedict le Eveske, Isaac le Eveske of Berk-
hamsted, Jews, of London, and Pictavin of Nottingham mainperned
the said Jewess for the said day. And Benedict of Winchester
mainperned for the day the said Bonenfaunt. On which day the
inquest came, as appears among the Memoranda of Michaelmas Term
next following.
Sum of the chattels of Vives,1 son of Master Moses, Jew, deceased,
as well movable as immovable, and as well within the Chirograph-
Chest as without it, £109 2s. <±d. ; whereof the King's third part is
£36 7s. 5d. ; in regard of which the King has recourse to a debt of
40 marks under the names of Boger de Petworth and the deceased
Vives, to a debt of £4 under the names of Thomas Malemeyns and
the said Vives, and to a debt of £28 under the names of John de
Fulney and Abraham, son of Muriel, in which debt the said Vives had
to his credit £20, and the residue, to wit, £8 10s., belongs to the
King. And also, touching the said £20, the King has recourse to
114s. Id. to make good the third part falling to the King, provided
that, if the King be not able to raise the said 114s. Id. of the said
debt of £20 before Michaelmas three weeks, the King may recover
them out of the debt in which Peter de Maulay was bound to the
said Vives. And further, for a debt of £20 17s. 4d., which the said
Vives owed the King, on account as well of arrears of talliage as of
other debts and amercements, as is recorded in the rolls of Talliages
and Amercements, the King took into his hand a debt of £20 under
the names of John de Petworth and the said Vives, and a debt of
40 marks under the names of the said John and Vives, which two
debts are licmidated at £20 by Antera, wife that was of the said Vives.
And the residue of the said chattels, as well movable as immov-
1 Vives is said to be the French equivalent Moses, was a different person from Hagin,
of Hagin, which in its turn represents the son of Master Moses, who died at a later
Hebrew D^n (chaim, life). A.-J.H.E.P. i. date.
48, 268. Nevertheless, Vives, son of Master
80 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
preclicta Antera clat Eegi x biss., que solvit in Eecepta Regis, sicut patet
in rotulis Bissanciorum. Et preceptum est Constabulariis, quod de
denariis et redditibus que fuerunt dicti Vives liberam permittant
ipsam Anteram habere administracionem, et Cirographariis, quod de
residuis cartis liberarn permittant habere administracionem, et pre-
dictas cartas, que sunt Eegis, habeant coram etc. a die S. Johannis
Baptiste in tres septimanas, Justiciariis liberandas, ad ponendum in
Thesauro Eegis. Ad quern diem predicti Cirographarii venerunt et
protulerunt cartas predictas, quas Eex habet pro tercia parte sua, pro
debito et tallagio suo, et ponuntur in Thesauro Eegis.
Aaron, Alius Vives, recognovit per starrum suum, quod remisit et
concessit Johanni de Pycheford, militi, tot urn jus et clamium et
calumpniam que habuit, vel habere potuit, in tribus debitis subscriptis ;
videlicet, unum debitum de dc 1. sub nominibus Willelmi de Evereus
et ejusdem Aaron, et aliud debitum, de c 1. per vj m. de mortuo vadio
per annum, sub nominibus eorum, et aliud debitum, de xx 1., sub
eisdem nominibus ; uncle partes ceree in Archa Cirographorum
Londonie die quo istud starrum factum fuit. Totum jus et clamium
seu calumpniam que habuit, vel habere potuit, in predictis tribus
debitis predictus Aaron concessit et remisit predicto Johanni cum
debitis factis secundum Legem et Consuetudinem Judaismi, et que
nunc existunt, die quo istud starrum factum fuit, in Archa Cirogra-
phorum predictorum ; ita quod amodo predictus Johannes habeat
plenam potestatem et vim et factum, ut predictus Aaron, ad dictam
pecuniam predictorum debitorum levandam de manerio de Lynehales
secundum Legem et Consuetudinem Judaismi, tali condicione quod
dictus Johannes, nee aliquis nomine suo nee per ipsum, boscum
suum pessum dabit, nee domum prosternet, nee aliquod aliud vastum
faciet contra Consuetudinem Judaismi ; et quandocumque dictus
Johannes voluerit impetrare breve Domini Eegis ad dicta debita
levanda super dictum manerium secundum Consuetudinem et Legem
Judaismi, predictus Aaron tenetur predictum breve impetrare sump-
tibus dicti Johannis, vel heredis, vel aliorum. Similiter recognovit
idem Aaron et concessit eidem Johanni, quod nee fecit aliquod starrum
de quieta clamancia de predictis debitis, de parte nee de toto, nee
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1274 80
able, are delivered to the said Antera, and therefor the said Antera
gives the King 10 bezants, which she paid in the Keceipt of the King,
as appears in the rolls of the Bezants. And the Constables are com-
manded to suffer the said Antera to have free administration of the
moneys and rents which belonged to the said Vives, and the Chiro-
graphers are commanded to suffer her to have free administration of
the residue of the charters, and that they have the said charters, which
belong to the King, before etc. on St. John the Baptist's day three
weeks, to be delivered to the Justices, that they may be placed in the
King's Treasury. On which day the said Chirographers came and
produced the said charters, which the King has for his third part and
for the debt and talliage owing to him, and they are placed in the
King's Treasury.
Aaron, son of Vives, acknowledged by his starr, that he has made
over and granted to John de Pycheford,1 knight, all the right, claim,
and cause of action which he had, or might have, in the three debts
underwritten ; to wit, a debt of £600 under the names of William
Devereux and the said Aaron, and another debt, of £100 upon a
mortgage under their names of the yearly value of 6 marks, and
another debt, of £20, under the same names ; the sealed parts of the
chirographs being in the London Chirograph-Chest at the date of the
making of this starr. All the right and claim or cause of action which
he had, or might have, in the said three debts the said Aaron has
granted and made over to the said John with the debts made
according to the Law and Custom of Jewry, and which are now, at
the date of the making of this starr, in the said Chirograph-Chest ;
that forthwith the said John may have full power, no less in force and
effect than the said Aaron had, to raise the said money of the said
debts upon the manor of Lynehales 2 according to the Law and
Custom of Jewry, on condition that neither the said John nor any in
his name or on his behalf shall damage the wood, or pull down the
house, or do any other waste against the Custom of Jewry ; and
whensoever the said John shall be minded to sue out a writ of our
Lord the King to levy the said debts upon the said manor according
to the Custom and Law of Jewry, the said Aaron is bound to sue out
the said writ at the expense of the said John, or his heir, or others.
The said Aaron likewise acknowledged and granted to the said John,
that he has neither made any starr of quitclaim of the said debts,
1 See Eyton, Shropshire, vi. 267. (Eec. Comm.) i. 256. Cf. Duncumb, County
2 In Herefordshire. Cal. Inq. post Mort. of Hereford, ed. Cooke, iii. 105.
Rot. 17,
m. 1, dorso.
Line.
Stamf.
81 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
aliquid recepit de predictis debitis, nee percipiet, nee amodo aliqnod
starrum faciet de predictis debitis, sine licencia predicti Johannis ; et
quandocuraque predictus Johannes voluerit, quod pvedictus Aaron
acquietet predictum Willelmum de predictis debitis, statim postquam
istud starrum fuerit liberatum predicto Aaron, et quod licencia, quam
dictus Johannes dabit predicto Aaron ad quietanciam faciendam
predicto Willelmo, irrotulata in rotulis de Scaccario Judaismi, tunc
tenetur predictus Aaron ad acquietandum predictum Willelmum
de omnibus debitis predictis sine contradiccione seu dilacione ali-
quorum, Christianorum vel Judeorum. Et quia predictus Aaron
habuit licenciam Domini Eegis per cartam suam concedere vel
dimittere debita sua quibuscumque voluerit, predictus Aaron fecit
predicto Johanni concessionem et remissionem de omnibus debitis
predictis per licenciam et assensum Domini Eoberti Burnel et Justi-
ciariorum ad custodiam Judeorum assignatorum, dum tamen partes
ceree predictorum debitorum existunt in Archa Cirographorum.
Actum die Martis proxima post festum S. Trinitatis anno regni Eegis
Edwardi secundo. Preterea, predictus Aaron istud quod recognovit
spontanea voluntate sua pro se et heredibus suis sigillavit lingua
Ebraica, quod pro rata tenebit predicto Johanni et heredibus suis.
DE TEEMINO S. MICHAELIS ANNO SECUNDO INCIPIENTE
TEECIO.
Quia datur intelligi Justiciariis, quod Hugo de Tiryntona, qui habet
unam clavem Arche Cirographorum Staunford', recepit diversas cartas
absque Johanne Plughman, socio suo Christiano, et eas extra Archam
contra sacramentum suum et contra Assisam et Consuetudinem 1
detinuit, et quod Sampson, films Magistri,2 et Elias de Dene-
castre, Judei, qui habent ij claves Arche ejusdem, sunt in prisona
apud Turrim Londonie, ita quod ad officium suum intendere nequeant,
et dictus Johannes Plughman venit et recognovit officium suum
coram Justiciariis, et invenit plegios, quod erit coram etc. in crastino
S. Andree, videlicet, Eadulfum de Kirkeby, et Pictavinum, filium
Isaac, ad respondendum Eegi in aliquo delicto in officio suo ; et
Pictavinus, Alius Isaac, Judeus, venit coram etc., et prestitit sacra-
Supply ' Judaismi.' - Sic. Perhaps we should supply ' Elie.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1274-5 SI
either in whole or in part, nor received, nor will get in aught of the
said debts, nor will henceforth make any starr touching the said debts,
without license of the said John ; and whensoever the said John shall
be minded, that the said Aaron acquit the said William of the said
debts, as soon as this starr shall have been delivered to the said Aaron,
and the license, which the said John shall give the said Aaron to make
the quittance to the said William, shall have been enrolled in the rolls
of the Exchequer of Jewry, then the said Aaron is bound to acquit the
said William of all the said debts, in such manner that there be
neither dispute nor demur on the part of any, whether Christians
or Jews. And whereas the said Aaron had license of the King,1 that
by his charter he may grant or demise his debts to whomsoever he
will, the said Aaron has granted and made over to the said John
all the said debts by license and with the assent of Sir Eobert Burnell 2
and the Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews, provided the
sealed parts of the chirographs of the said debts are in the Chirograph-
Chest. Done on the Tuesday next after the feast of Holy Trinity in
the second year of the reign of King Edward. Furthermore, the said
Aaron for himself and his heirs sealed and in the Hebrew tongue
subscribed what of his own accord he acknowledged, that he will hold
it good to the said John and his heirs.
MICHAELMAS TERM IN THE SECOND AND THE
BEGINNING OF THE THIRD YEAR. [a.d. 1274-5.]
Whereas it is notified to the Justices, that Hugh de Torrington, who
has one of the keys of the Chirograph-Chest of Stamford, received
divers charters without the concurrence of his Christian colleague,
John Ploughman, and kept them outside the Chest against his oath
and the Assize and Custom of Jewry, and that Sampson, son of Master
Elias (?), and Elias of Doncaster, Jews, who have two keys of the same
Chest, are in prison in the Tower of London, so that they are unable
to exercise their office, and the said John Ploughman came and
acknowledged his office before the Justices, and found pledges, to wit,
Ralph de Kirkby and Pictavin, son of Isaac, that he will be before
the Justices on the morrow of St. Andrew to answer the King in the
matter of any breach of his official duty ; and Pictavin, son of Isaac,
Jew, came before etc., and made oath, that he will bear himself
1 Cf. p. 63 supra. Henry's grant to Frince the Great Seal on 21 September following.
Edmund had been confirmed by Edward I. His concurrence was doubtless deemed
Hot. Lit. Claus. 4 Ed. I. m. 17. necessary to authenticate the license.
- The Chancellor-designate. He received
m 2
82
SOACCAKIUM JUDEOHOI
nientuin, quod fideliter se habebit in officio predicto loco unius ex
dictis Judeis, et invenit plegios, videlicet, Cresse, filium Magistri Elie,
Jaeobum Le Clerk, Isaac le Evesk', Samuelem de Staunford ; ideo
preceptum est Yicecomiti Lincoln', quod ipsum Pictavinum loco dicti
Sampsonis admittat, et duos Christianos et unum alium Judeuni
eligi faciat loco predictorum Hugonis et Johannis et Elie, et scire
faciat nomina eorum et plegios eorurn etc. ad predicturn diein, et
quod attachiari faciat predicturn Hugonern, ita quod habeat corpus
ejus coram etc. ad predicturn diem, ad respondendum etc. Ad quern
diem predicti Hugo et Johannes venerunt et recognoverunt, quod
diversas cartas retinuerunt extra Archam per multum tempus con-
tra Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi. Et quia super hoc convicti
rrisoua.jm. sunt per recognitionem suam propriam, ideo committuntur prisone.
Postea, concessum est eisdem ad instanciam Thesaurarii, quod de
predicta transgressione quieti sint per unani marcam, in quibus
eorum est plegius alter alterius. Et Vicecomes mandat, quod
Andreas Arketel, Willelmus filius Petri, de Staunford, Christiani, et
Thomas, filius Aaron, Judeus, electi sunt ad officium predicturn ; et
quod Isaac Lucas et Eobertus Le Taylur sunt plegii dicti Andree, et
quod Willelmus Le Noreis et Johannes Le Noble sunt plegii Willelmi
filii Petri, et quod Mosseus, filius Salamonis, et Elias, filius Manseri,
sunt plegii Thome, filii Aaron, quod fideliter se habebunt in officio
predicto etc.
ili. m. 1.
Essex.
Memorandum, quod Joceus Bundy, de Ptelega, recognovit coram
etc., quod jamdiu manens existit apud Eeylegham sine waranto vel
licencia Piegis. Ideo preceptum est Yicecomiti Essexe, quod non
omittat, propter Libertatem de Piocheford, quin earn etc., et omnia bona
et catalla predicti Jocei in manum Piegis capiat, et ea vendi faciat, ita
quod valorem eorundem habeat coram etc. in octabis S. Hillarii, tan-
quam forisfacta. Et dictus Joceus debet respondere Eegi de hoc,
quod pecuniam suam per albas tallias mutuo tradidit Christianis. Et
committitur prisone. Postea traditus fuit Benedicto de Wintonia et
Cok' Hagin, Judeis, ita quod ipsum haberent coram etc. die S. Andree.
Ad quern diem dictus Judeus fugit in partibus Essexe ad elongandum
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.T). 1274-5 82
faithfully in the said office in place of one of the said Jews, and
found pledges, to wit, Cresse, son of Master Elias, Jacob Le Clerk,
Isaac le Eveske, Samuel of Stamford ; therefore the Sheriff of
Lincolnshire is commanded, that he admit him, Pictavin, in place of
the said Sampson, and that he cause two Christians and another Jew
to be elected in place of the said Hugh and John and Elias, and notify
the names of them and their pledges etc. on the said day, and that he
cause the said Hugh to be attached, so that he have his body before
etc. on the said day, to answer, etc. On which day the said Hugh and
John came and acknowledged, that they had kept divers charters
outside the Chest for a long time against the Assize and Custom of
Jewry. And whereas they are thereof convict by their own acknow-
ledgment, therefore they are committed to prison. Afterwards, at the
instance of the Treasurer, it is granted them, that they be quit of the
said trespass on payment of a mark, and that either be pledge for the
other. And the Sheriff sends word, that Andrew Arketel, and William
EitzPeter, of Stamford, Christians, and Thomas, son of Aaron, Jew,
are elected to the said office; and that Isaac Luke and Eobert Taylor
are pledges for the said Andrew, and that William Le Noreys and John
Le Noble are pledges for William FitzPeter, and that Moses, son of
Solomon, and Elias, son of Manser, are pledges for Thomas, son of
Aaron, that they will bear themselves faithfully in the said office etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that Joce Bundy, of Bayleigh, acknow-
ledged before etc., that for a long time past he has dwelt at Bayleigh
without warrant or license of the King. Therefore the Sheriff of
Essex is commanded, that he omit not, by reason of the Liberty of
Bochford, to enter etc., and take all the goods and chattels of the said
Joce into the King's hand, and cause them to be sold, so that he have,
their value before etc. on the octave of St. Hilary, as forfeit. And
the said Joce is to answer the King, for that he lent his money to
Christians by blank tallies.1 And he is committed to prison. There-
after he was delivered to Benedict of Winchester and Cok Hagin,
Jews, so that they should have him before etc. on St. Andrew's day.
On which day the said Jew did not come before etc., having made his
escape, and being in the parts of Essex with intent to remove his
1 The Jew probably exacted from the amount for which he might choose to notch
debtor a blank form of receipt endorsed it, it might proleptically be called a white
upon one of the squared rods of which or blank tally, and would be in fact equi-
tallies were ordinarily made. As the rod valent to a blank cheque,
would be convertible into a tally for any
83 SOACCAKIUM JUDEORUM
cafcalla sua per districcionern Begis, et non venit coram etc. Ideo
predicti Benedictus et Cok in rnisericordia.
ib.m.7. David Le Taylur, Cirographarius Arclie Exonie, Christianas,
Jacobus Copin, Jacobus Crespin, Cirographarii Arclie ejusdem,
attachiati ad respondendum Hugoni, filio Boberti Fichet, de placito
transgressionis et falsitatis, et unde queritur, quod, cum idem
Bobertus, pater ejus, numquam in aliquo debito teneretur Salamoni,
filio Salamonis, Judeo, predicti David, Jacobus et Jacobus, una cum
Bicardo socio eorum, Cirographario, unam car tarn iiijxx 1., falso
et fraudulenter scriptam per Adam, clericum Arclie predicte, post
mortem predicti Boberti, patris sui, in Archa predicta posuerunt, ad
procuracionem ipsius Salamonis, et ad exheredacionem ipsius Hugonis,
et contra pacem, et ad dampnum suum, c 1.
Predicti David, Jacobus et Jacobus veniunt et defendunt vim etc.
Et dictus David dicit, quod nullam cartam hujusmodi nee aliam sub
nominibus predicti Boberti et dicti Samuelis in Archa posuit ; set
dicit, quod quandam cartam quam ipsi protulerunt coram Justiciariis
etc., ut patet superius, quando primo venit in ofnciuni suum invenit in
Archa predicta, tamquam bonam et legalem in eadem positam per
socios suos Cirographarios antequam venit in officio illo. Et quod
numquam talem cartam, nee aliquam aliam sub nominibus predictorum
Boberti et Samuelis, in Archa predicta posuit, set unam cartam sub
nominibus eorum in Archa predicta invenit, ponit se super patriam.
Predictus Hugo dicit, quod predictam cartam falso et fraudulenter
in Archa predicta posuit, et similiter ponit se super patriam. Ideo
preceptum est Vicecomiti Devon', ut supra, qui nulla affinitate etc.
xij Christianos et viij Judeos de Civitate Exonie, ad recognoscendum
etc., si etc., in crastino S. Andree, et vj de visneto Exonie ; quia tarn
etc. Et Johannes de Exonia, Bicardus de Oxtona, Johannes de
Assby et Johannes Floyr manuceperunt dictum David, quod erit ad
eundem diem. Ad quem diem venit inquisicio per predictos juratores,
ut patet superius, et per consideracionem predictam predictus David
recessit inde quietus, ut patet ibidem.
Et predicti Judei veniunt et dicunt, quod predicta carta, quam
predicti Cirographarii protulerunt, est factum predicti Boberti, et
bona est et legalis, et per assensum et voluntatem ipsius Boberti
secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi posita in Archa
predicta ; et quod non fuit scripta post mortem prefati Boberti, nee in
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1274-5 83
chattels, so as to avoid the King's distress. So the said Benedict and
Cok are in mercy.
David Taylor, Chirographer of the Exeter Chest, Christian, Jacob
Copin, and Jacob Crespin, Chirographers of the same Chest, are
attached to answer Hugh, son of Eobert Fitchet, touching a plea of
trespass and fraud, whereof he complains that, though his father, the
said Eobert, was never bound to Solomon, son of Solomon, Jew, in
any debt, the said David, Jacob, and Jacob, with their co-Chirographer
Eichard, did place in the said Chest a charter for £80, falsely and
fraudulently written by Adam, clerk of the said Chest, after the death
of his said father, Eobert, at his, Solomon's, instigation, and to his,
Hugh's, disherison, and against the peace, and to his damage, £100.
The said David, Jacob, and Jacob come and defend the force etc.
And the said David says, that he put no such charter nor any other
under the names of the said Eobert and Samuel in the Chest ; but he
says, that a charter which they produced before the Justices etc., as
appears above, he found in the said Chest when he first came into
his office, the said charter having been placed there as a good and
legal charter by his co-Chirographers before he came into that
office. And that he never put such a charter, or any other under
the names of the said Eobert and Samuel, in the said Chest, but only
found a charter under their names in the said Chest, thereof he puts
himself upon the country.
The said Hugh says, that he, David, put the said charter in the
said Chest falsely and fraudulently, and in like manner he puts himself
upon the country. So the Sheriff of Devon is commanded, as above,
that he cause to come before etc. twelve Christians and eight Jews of
the City of Exeter, who by no affinity etc., to recognise etc., if etc., on
the morrow of St. Andrew, and six of the venue of Exeter ; because
as well etc. And John of Exeter, Eichard of Oxton, John of Ashby,
and John Floyr mainperned the said David, that he shall be present
on the said day. On which day the inquest came by the said jurors,
as appears above, and by the said judgment the said David went quit
thereof, as appears in the same place.
And the said Jews come and say, that the said charter, which the
said Chirographers produced, is the deed of the said Eobert, and is
good and legal, and was placed in the said Chest with the consent
and by the will of him, Eobert, according to the Assize and Custom of
Jewry ; and that it was not written after the death of the said Eobert,
84 SOAOCARIUM JUDEORUM
Archa fraudulenter posita, nee aliqua alia carta in eadern Archa fuit
sub nominibus existentibus, ponunt se super patriam.
Et predictus Hugo dicit, quod predicti Judei, una cum predictis
Cirographariis, sociis suis Christianis, imam cartam quater viginti
librarum sub nominibus predictorum Eoberti et Salamonis, falso et
fraudulenter confectam post mortem ipsius Eoberti, in Archa predicta
posuerunt, unde acta illius carte fuit post mortem ipsius Eoberti; et
postea eandem cartam extraxerunt, una cum sociis suis predictis,
ab Archa predicta, et unam aliam, quam coram Justiciariis pro-
tulerunt, eodem modo falso et fraudulenter confectam, et datam illius
in eadem positam ac si esset facta ante mortem predicti Eoberti in
eadem maliciose, ad exheredacionem ipsius Hugonis, posuerunt una
cum sociis suis predictis ; et de hoc ponit se similiter super patriam.
Et predicti Judei similiter. Ideo preceptum est Yicecomiti, quod venire
faciat ad predictum diem xij Christianos et xij Judeos de Civitate
Exonie, et sex etc. de visneto ejusdem, ad recognoscendum etc., et xij
etc. de visneto de Oxtona ad predictum diem ; quia tarn etc. Et
Benedictus de Wintonia, Bonevie de Oxonia, Jacobus Le Clerk, Elias
de Cornhull', Aaron, filius Vives, et Isaac de Sutwerk' manuceperunt
predictos Jacobum et Jacobum, quod erunt ad dictum diem. Ad
quern diem venit inquisicio, et predicti Jacobus et Jacobus per
inquisicionem illam recesserunt quieti.
ib.m. 11, Thomas de Tycheseye per attornatum suum optulit se iiijt0 die
Lond! versus Haginum, filium Magistri Mossei, Judeum, de placito compoti.
Et predictus Haginus non venit ; et Constabularius Turris Londonie
mandat, quod dictus Haginus captus est, et detentus in prisona apud
Windesorani. Judicium, sicut alias, in crastino S. Andree.
DE TEBMIXO S. HILLAEII ANNO TEECIO.
Rot.is,m.e. Willelmus de Leyburn optulit se iiijt0 die versus Haginum, filium
Magistri Mossei, Judeum, de placito transgressionis et falsitatis. Et
ipse non venit ; et preceptum fuit Constabulario Turris Londonie, quod
ipsum attachiaret, ita quod haberet corpus ejus coram etc. ad hunc
diem; et Constabularius mandavit, quod predictus Haginus est in
prisona, et sine speciali precepto Eegis a prisona non potest recedere.
Ideo, sicut alias, a die Pasche in v septimanas.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1275 84
and was not placed in the said Chest fraudulently, and that there
was no other charter in the said Chest under the names of the
present parties, thereof they put themselves upon the country.
And the said Hugh says, that the said Jews, with the said
Chirographers, their Christian colleagues, placed in the said Chest
a charter for ^80 under the names of the said Robert and Solomon,
falsely and fraudulently made after his, Robert's, death, and that it bore
date after his, Robert's, death ; and that afterwards, with their said
colleagues, they took out that same charter from the said Chest, and
therein, with their said colleagues, placed another charter, which they
produced before the Justices, made likewise falsely and fraudulently,
and dated as if it had been made before the death of the said Robert ;
and this they did wickedly, to his, Hugh's, disherison ; and thereof he
likewise puts himself upon the country. And the said Jews likewise.
So the Sheriff is commanded, that he cause to come on the said day
twelve Christians and twelve Jews of the City of Exeter, and six etc.
of the venue of the same city, to recognise etc., and on the same day
twelve etc. of the venue of Oxton ; because as well etc. And Benedict
of Winchester, Bonevie of Oxford, Jacob Le Clerk, Elias of Cornhill,
Aaron, son of Vives, and Isaac of Southwark mainperned the said
Jacob and Jacob, that they shall be present on the said day. On
which day the inquest came, and the said Jacob and Jacob went quit
by that inquest.
London. Thomas de Titsey by his attorney offered himself on the fourth
day against Hagin, son of Master Moses, Jew, touching a plea of
account. And the said Hagin does not come ; and the Constable
of the Tower of London sends word, that the said Hagin is under
arrest, and is kept in prison at Windsor. Judgment, as before, on the
morrow of St. Andrew.
HILARY TERM IN THE THIRD YEAR. [a.d. 1275.]
William de Leyburn offered himself on the fourth day against
Hagin, son of Master Moses, Jew, touching a plea of trespass and
fraud. And he did not come ; and the Constable of the Tower of
London was commanded to attach him, so that he have his body
before etc. on this day ; and the Constable sent word, that the said
Hagin is in prison, and cannot quit the prison without special mandate
of the King. Therefore mandate, as before, for Easter five weeks.
85 SCAOCARIUM JUDEORUM
ib. m. 9. Per breve Domini Eegis Justiciariis directum in hec verba : —
Edwardus, Dei gratia etc., Justiciariis etc. salutem : — Cum per litteras
nostras patentes concesserimus carissimematri nostre, Alienore, Eegine
Anglie, quod nullus Judeus habitet vel moretur in quibuscumque villis
quas ipsa mater nostra habet in dotem ex assignatione Domini Henrici
Eegis, patris nostri, et nostra, infra regnum nostrum, quamdiu eedem
ville fuerint in manu ipsius matris nostre ; et propter hoc providerimus,
quod Judei Merleberg' usque ad villam nostram de Divisiis, Judei
Gloucestrie usque ad villam nostram de Bristoll', Judei Wigornie
usque ad villam nostram Herefordie, et Judei Cantebrigie usque ad
Civitatem nostram Norwici, cum Archis Cirographorum suoram, et
cum omnibus bonis suis transferantur, in predictis villis et civitate de
cetero habitent et morentur inter ceteros Judeos nostros ibidem ;
vobis mandamus, quod predictos Judeos Merleberg', Gloucestrie,
Wigornie et Cantebrigie ab eisdem villis absque dampna sibi de
corporibus vel bonis suis inferendo amoveri, et eos se cum Archis
Cirographorum suorum transferre facialis ad loca supradicta, prout
securius ad opus nostrum videritis fore faciendum. Teste Me ipso
apud Clarendonam xvj° die Januarii anno regni nostri tercio.
Preceptum est Vicecomitibus supradictorum Comitatuum et Con-
stabulariis, quod Judeos predictos transferri faciant ad loca predicta.
ib. m. 11. Sabina, que fuit uxor Eoberti Hubert, Agnes de Bertona, et
Johannes Portehores fuerunt attachiati ad respondendum Eegi de
diversis bonis et catallis, que fuerunt Sauloti Mutun, que ad manus
ipsius Regis pervenisse debuerunt post mortem predicti Sauloti, et
unde Eex exigit a predicta Sabina x libratas, et a predicta Agnete x 1.,
et a predicto Johanne xiiij 1., quas Eegi injuste detinent. Predicti
Sabina, Agnes, et Johannes veniunt et dicunt, quod Eex injuste ab eis
exigit predicta catalla, eo quod nichil habent de catallis que umquam
fuerunt ipsius Sauloti ; set aliquo tempore habuerunt quedam catalla
in custodia sua, que fuerunt Sauloti predicti, et ea liberaverunt
Eoberto de Fulham, quondam Justiciario etc., et Aaron, filio Vives,
Judeo, per preceptum ejusdem Eoberti; et hoc offerunt verificare per
patriam. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti, quod venire faciat coram
etc. xij Christianos et vj Judeos, ad recognoscendum etc., a die
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1275 85
By writ of our Lord the King addressed to the Justices to the
effect following : — Edward, by the grace of God etc., to his Justices
etc. greeting : — Whereas by our letters patent l We have granted to our
dearest mother, Eleanor, Queen of England, that no Jew dwell or abide
in any of the towns which, by assignment of our father, King Henry,
and Ourself, she, our mother, has for her dower within our realm, so
long as the same towns shall be in her, our mother's, hand ; and for
this cause We have provided, that the Jews of Marlborough be deported
to our town of Devizes, the Jews of Gloucester to our town of Bristol,
the Jews of Worcester to our town of Hereford, and the Jews of Cam-
bridge to our City of Norwich, with their Chirograph-Chests and all
their goods, and that they thenceforth dwell and abide in the said
towns and city among our other Jews of those places ; We therefore
command you, that, doing them no injury, either to their persons or
to their goods, you cause the said Jews of Marlborough, Gloucester,
Worcester, and Cambridge to be removed from those towns, and to
betake themselves with their Chirograph-Chests to the places afore-
said, in such manner as you shall deem that it may most aptly for our
purpose be done. Witness Myself at Clarendon on the sixteenth day
of January in the third year of our reign.
The Sheriffs of the Counties aforesaid, and the Constables, are
commanded to cause the said Jews to be deported to the places
aforesaid.
Sabina, wife that was of Robert Hubert, Agnes de Barton, and John
Portehores were attached to answer the King touching divers goods
and chattels, that did aforetime belong to Saulot Mutun, and ought to
have come to the King's hands after the death of the said Saulot,
and whereof the King claims from the said Sabina 10 librates, and
from the said Agnes £10, and from the said John £14, which they
unlawfully detain against the King. The said Sabina, Agnes, and
John come and say, that the King claims the said chattels from them
unlawfully, for that they have nought of any chattels that did ever
belong to the deceased Saulot ; but certain chattels formerly belong-
ing to the said Saulot they had at one time in their keeping, and de-
livered them to Robert de Fulham, formerly Justice etc., and Aaron,
son of Vives, Jew, by mandate of the said Robert ; and this they offer
to verify by the country. Therefore the Sheriff is commanded to
cause to come before etc. twelve Christians and six Jews, to recognise
1 Cf. Cal. Patent Rolls (Rolls Ser.), Ed. L, 1272-81, p. 76.
Rot. 19, m. 1.
Lond.
86 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Pasche in xv dies etc., nisi interim in partes illas aliquis Justiciarius
venerit.
Et quia preceptum fuit Vicecomiti, quod distringeret Priorem
de Cruce Roesie, Abraham Biscop, et Murielem, que fuit uxor Sauloti
Mutun, ad respondendum Regi de diversis debitis, et idem Vicecomes
nicliil inde significavit, nee ipsos distrinxit, ideo ipse Vicecomes,
scilicet, Walterus de Scherf angel, in misericordia. Et postea per
Justiciaries dictus Prior habet diem ad respondendum Regi in pre-
missis, in octabis S. Michaelis.
A DIE PASCHE IN UNUM MENSEM.
Willelmus de Leyburn optulit se iiijt0 die versus Haginum, filium
Magistri Mossei, Judeum, de placito transgressionis et falsitatis. Et
ipse non venit ; et preceptum fuit Constabulario, quod ipsum attachi-
aret, ita quod haberet corpus ejus coram etc. ad nunc diem. Et
Constabularius mandavit, quod Cokerell, Judeus, et Abraham de
Horndona manuceperunt Haginum, quern non habuerunt. Ideo in
misericordia. Judicium, quod distringatur per terras etc., in crastino
S. Johannis Baptiste, ad respondendum etc. et audiendum etc.
Memorandum, quod Magister Elias, filius Magistri Mossei, Judeus,
Lon.i.' dat Regi x biss. per sic quod Justiciarii etc. accedant ad scolas
Judeorum Londonie, et per sacramentum Judeorum inquirant, si
aliquam sententiam promulgaverint, sen promulgari fecerint, in
quoscumque auxiliantes, gravantes vel nocentes Bonamy de Eboraco,
Judeum, in negociis que Bex prosequitur versus eundem Bonamy de
quodam mutuo facto Abbati de Fontibus. Qui quidem Justiciarii
accesserunt ad scolas illas, et in plena congregacione Judeorum,
juratis Judeis super Rotulos Judeorum, per sacramentum eorum
invenerunt, quod nullam sententiam promulgaverint contra predictum
Bonamy, nee quoscumque sibi auxiliantes vel nocentes, nee pro eis
aliqua facta fuit mencio de hujus modi sententia promulganda. Et
facta fuit inquisicio ilia per sacramentum Magistri Elie de Norwico,
Aaron de La Reye, Magistri Samuelis, de Loun, Samuelis de Norwico,
Gamaliel de Oxonia, Mossei, fratris ejus, Isaac de Berkhamstede,
Benedicti, filii Cresse, Magistri Jocei de Alemannia, Deulecresse de
lb. m. 8,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1275 86
etc., on Easter quindene etc., unless in the meantime a Justice shall
come into those parts.
And because the Sheriff was commanded to distrain the Prior of
Eoyston, Abraham Bishop, and Muriel, wife that was of Saulot Mutun,
to answer the King touching divers debts, and the said Sheriff made
no return thereof, nor did distrain them, therefore he, the Sheriff,
to wit, Walter de Shelfangre,1 is in mercy. And afterwards, by award
of the Justices, the said Prior has a day to answer the King touching
the premises, the octave of St. Michael.
EASTEPi MONTH.
William de Leyburn offered himself on the fourth day against
Hagin, son of Master Moses, Jew, touching a plea of trespass and
fraud. And he did not come ; and the Constable was commanded to
attach him, so that he have his body before etc. on this day. And
the Constable sent word, that Cokerell, Jew, and Abraham of Horn-
don mainperned Hagin, and have him not. So in mercy. Judgment,
that he be distrained by lands etc., and that the Sheriff have his body
before etc. on the morrow of St. John the Baptist, to answer etc. and
hear etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that Master Elias, son of Master
Moses, Jew, gives the King 10 bezants, that the Justices etc. may go
to the synagogues of the Jews of London, and by oath of the Jews
inquire, whether they have promulgated, or caused to be promulgated
any sentence against all who may assist, aggrieve, or injure Bonamy
of York, Jew, in the proceedings which the King has pending against
the said Bonamy touching a loan made to the Abbot of Fountains.
And the Justices went to the synagogues, and in full congregation of
the Jews, by oath sworn by the Jews upon their Kolls found, that
they have promulgated no sentence against the said Bonamy, or any
assisting or injuring him, nor was any mention made of promulgating
any sentence of this kind in regard to them. And that inquest was
made by oath of Master Elias of Norwich, Aaron of Eye, Master
Samuel, of Lynn(?), Samuel of Norwich, Gamaliel of Oxford, Moses, his
brother, Isaac of Berkhamsted, Benedict, son of Cresse, Master Joce of
Germany, Deulecresse of Stamford, Joce of Lincoln, Joce, son of
1 So in the List of Sheriffs (P.R.O.), p. 12. Cf. Blomefield, Norfolk, ed. Parkin, i. 114.
87 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Stamford, Joscei de Lincolnia, Jocei, filii Sleme, Yives Le Chapelein,
Benedicti Levi, Isaac, filii Benedicti, Samuelis Levi, Samuelis de
Herford, Mossei de Herford, Leonis, filii Benedicti, Mossei de Oxonia,
Abrahe, filii Benedicti. Mossei Le Blunt, Isaac le Evesk', Benedicti de
Evesham, Abrahe de Burdens, Samuelis le Evesk', Mossei Poteman,
Isaac, filii Hagini, Manseri, filii Isaac, et multorum aliorum Judeorum.
DE TEBMINO S. TBINITATIS.
Rot. 20, m. 3. Per breve Regis de Magno Sigillo Justiciariis directum : — Edwardus
iiel'ina. "' etc. Justiciariis suis etc. salutem : — Sciatis quod dedimus et con-
cessimus carissime Consorti nostre, Alienore, Begine Anglie, omnia
debita, bona et catalla Cok' Hagini, Judei, Londonie, que quidem
debita, bona et catalla ad Nos tanquam forisfacta spectant, eo quod
idem Judeus excommunicatus est, et secundum Legem et Consue-
tudinem Judaismi nostri, jamdiu est, justiciari non permisit, nee
permittit ; que quidem debita et catalla preclicta sunt in tallagio
nostro pro tallagio predicti Judei; vobis mandamus, quod eidem
Alienore debita, bona et catalla predicta de dono nostro habere faciatis,
sicut alias in casu consimili fieri consueverit, proviso quod eadem
Consors nostra de arreragiis tallagii super ipsum Judeum ultimo
assessi Nobis, si necesse fuerit, satisfaciat citra festum Natalis Domini
proximo futurum. Teste Me ipso apud Windlesoram, xvj° die Julii
anno regni nostri tercio.
Et quia Justiciarii super hoc certiorari non potuerunt per
aliquani inspectionem rotulorum de Scaccario Judaismi, quod alias
in consimili casu fieri consueverat, nisi tantummodo quod in eisdem
rotulis inventum fuerat quoddam breve Begis Henrici Justiciariis
suis directum in hec verba : — Henricus, Dei gratia Bex Anglie etc.,
Justiciariis suis etc. salutem : — Cum testificatum sit coram Nobis
per Judeos nostros Londonie, quod Sadekinus de Northamptona,
Judeus, pro culpa sua juxta Rectum et Consuetudinem Judaismi
dudum excommunicatus fuerit, et in ipsa excommunicatione per xl
dies et amplius perseveraverit, propter quod omnia bona et catalla
sua secundum Legem et Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri nostra esse
debeant, ut accepimus, et Nos bona et catalla predicta carissime
Consorti nostre, Alienore, Begine Anglie, ad quedam debita sua ac-
quietanda dederimus ; vobis mandamus, firmiter injungentes, quod
si ita est, tunc bona et catalla ipsa eidem Begine nostre plenarie
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1275 87
Slema, Vives Le Chapelein, Benedict Levi, Isaac, son of Benedict,
Samuel Levi, Samuel of Hertford, Moses of Hertford, Leo, son of
Benedict, Moses of Oxford, Abraham, son of Benedict, Moses Le
Blunt, Isaac le Eveske, Benedict of Evesham, Abraham of Bordeaux,
Samuel le Eveske, Moses Poteman, Isaac, son of Hagin, Manser, son
of Isaac, and many other Jews.
HOLY TBINITY TERM.
By writ of the King under the Great Seal addressed to the
Justices : — Edward etc. to his Justices etc. greeting: — Know that We
have given and granted to our dearest Consort, Eleanor, Queen of
England, all the debts owing to, and goods, and chattels of Cok Hagin,
Jew, of London, which debts, goods, and chattels concern Us as forfeit,
by reason that the said Jew is excommunicate, and long ago refused,
and still persists in refusing, to suffer himself to be tried according
to the Law and Custom of our Jewry ; which said debts and chattels
are in our talliage on account of the talliage of the said Jew : We
therefore command you, that you cause the said Eleanor to have
the said debts, goods, and chattels by our gift, as has heretofore
been wont to be done in like case, provided that the said Eleanor,
our Consort, do, before next Christmas, make good to Us, if occasion
there shall be, the arrears of the talliage last assessed upon him,
the Jew. Witness Myself at Windsor on the 16th day of July
in the third year of our reign.
And whereas touching this matter the Justices were not by any
inspection of the rolls of the Exchequer of Jewry able to ascer-
tain, what heretofore had been wont to be done in like case,
save only that in the same rolls there was found a writ of King
Henry addressed to his Justices to the effect following: — Henry,
by the grace of God King of England etc., to his Justices etc.
greeting : —Whereas it has been testified before Us by our Jews
of London, that Sadekin of Northampton, Jew, has by his own
fault been of late excommunicate according to the Law and
Custom of Jewry, and has persisted in the said excommunica-
tion for forty days and more, wherefore all his goods and chattels
should be ours according to the Law and Custom of our Jewry, as
We are informed, and We have given the said goods and chattels to
our dearest Consort, Eleanor, Queen of England, for the acquittance
of certain of her debts ; We do therefore you command, and strictly
enjoin, that, if so it is, then you cause the said Eleanor, our Queen, to
ib. m.
dorso.
Norf.
88 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
et sine dilacione habere faciatis, et hoc nullatenus omittatis. Teste
Me ipso apud Westmonasteriurn, xxx° die Januarii anno regni nostri
liiij0. Per quod quidem breve iidem Justiciarii plenarie adhuc non
potuerunt certificare. Ideo per sacramentum Gamaliel de Oxonia,
Sampsonis de Northamptona, Aaron de La Beye, Benedicti de
Wintonia, Pictavini de Northamptona, Isaac de Loudona, Peteman
de Northamptona, Manseri, filii Aaron, Isaac le Evesk', Salomonis
Bunting, Bonenfaunt de Cruce Boesie, et Mossei Le Blund, Judeorum,
juratorum, inquisita est Veritas super premissis. Qui dicunt super
sacramentum suum, quod Sadekinus de Northamptona, tempore pre-
dicti Begis Henrici, pro culpa sua contra Legem ^uam facta excom-
municatus fuit, et in ipsa excommunicatione per xl dies et amplius
perseveravit ; et quod Magister Bicardus de Stanes hoc scire fecit
predicto Domino Begi Henrici, et idem Dominus Bex Magistro Elie,
filio Magistri Mossei, demandavit ut ad ipsum veniret ; et idem
Magister Elias venit coram eodem Bege, et testabatur, quod dictus
Sadekinus excommunicatus fuit pro culpa contra Legem suam facta,
et in excommunicatione ilia perseveraverat per xl dies et amplius ; et
per testificationem illam idem Dominus Bex dedit omnia bona et
catalla ejusdem Sadekini Alienore, Consorti sue, tanquam forisfacta.
Et quia attinctum est per inquisicionem predictam, et per predictum
breve Domini Begis Henrici, quod omnia bona et catalla predicti
Sadekini per predictum Dominum Begem data fuerunt prefate Begine
per excommunicationem predictam ; et nunc Dominus Bex signifi-
cavit Justiciariis suis, quod predictus Cok' Haginus excommunicatus
est pro culpa consimili, et in ilia excommunicatione jam per xl dies
et amplius perseveravit ; et Magister Elias, filius Magistri Mossei,
qui est Magister Legis Judaice, hoc coram Justiciariis predictis testifi-
cabatur ; ideo per illud mandatum liberata sunt Waltero de Cantea,
Custodi Auri predicte Begine, nunc ad opus Begine, Consortis Begis,
debita et catalla predicti Cok' subscripta, que fuerunt in Thesauro
Begis pro tallagio ipsius Judei ; ' videlicet unum debitum ccl m. sub
nominibus Nicholai Tregoz de Comitatu Norfolcie, et Hagini, filii
Deulecresse, reddendo etc.
Abraham, filius Deulecresse, Judeus, attachiatus fuit ad re-
spondendum Simoni de Greyn villa et Isabelle, uxori sue, de placito
1 There follows a list of debts owing to as he was subsequently Chief Kabbi, his
Hagin, son of Deulecresse, who is thus election being confirmed at the instance
identified with Cok Hagin. His excom- of Queen Eleanor on 15 May 1281. See
munication was probably due to the tempo- Bymer, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, i. pt. ii. 591.
rary triumph of a faction in the Synagogue,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1275 88
have the goods and chattels in full seisin and without delay, and that
on no account you omit so to do. Witness Myself at Westminster on
the 30th day of January in the 54th year of our reign. Which writ
notwithstanding, the said Justices were still unable fully to certify.
Therefore by oath of Gamaliel of Oxford, Sampson of Northamp-
ton, Aaron of Eye, Benedict of Winchester, Pictavin of Northampton,
Isaac of Loudon,1 Peteman of Northampton, Manser, son of Aaron,
Isaac le Eveske, Solomon Bunting, Bonenfaunt of Boyston, and
Moses Le Blund, Jews, jurors, inquest is made of the truth of the
premises. Who say upon their oath, that Sadekin of Northampton
was excommunicate, in the time of the said King Henry, for an offence
done by him against his Law, and persisted in the excommunication
for forty days and more ; and that Master Bichard de Staines 2 so
certified to the said King Henry, who also summoned to his presence
Master Elias, son of Master Moses ; and the same Master Elias
came before the said King, and testified, that the said Sadekin was
excommunicate for an offence against his Law, and had persisted
in that excommunication for forty days and more ; upon which
testimony the said King gave all the goods and chattels of the
said Sadekin to Eleanor, his Consort, as forfeit. And because it is
attaint by the said inquest, and by the said writ of King Henry,
that all the goods and chattels of the said Sadekin were given by
the said King to the said Queen by reason of the said excommunica-
tion ; and our Lord the King has now notified to his Justices that the
said Cok Hagin is excommunicate for a like offence, and has already
persisted in that excommunication for forty days and more; and
Master Elias, son of Master Moses, who is Master of the Jewish
Law, so testified before the said Justices ; therefore by that mandate
are now delivered to Walter de Kent,3 Keeper of the Gold of the said
Queen, to the use of the Queen, the King's Consort, the underwritten
debts owing to, and chattels of the said Cok, which were in the King's
Treasury on account of his, the Jew's, talliage ; to wit, a debt of
250 marks under the names of Nicholas Tregoz, of the County of
Norfolk, and Hagin, son of Deulecresse .
Abraham, son of Deulecresse, Jew, was attached to answer to
Simon de Greynvill and Isabel, his wife, touching a plea of trespass,
1 Probably Lutton. Justice of the Jews, came to be concerned
2 The record has evidently been in the affair.
abridged, and it is impossible to say how 3 Cf. Cal. Talent Rolls (Rolls Ser.),
Richard de Staines, who was certainly no Ed. I., 1272-81, Index, ' Kancia.'
N
89 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
transgressionis, et unde queritur, quod, cum eadem Isabella antequam
dictus Simon earn desponsaverat, tradidisset Abrahe, filio Deule-
cresse, de Norwico, Judeo, quedam jocalia et alia bona et catalla sua,
ad valenciam xxj 1., ad custodiendum ; et idem Abraham cum quodam
vadlecto suo et quodam garcione et duobus equis suis ad domum
dicte Isabelle sumptibus ipsius Isabelle perhendinaverat per xvij
septimanas una vice, et postea alia vice per xviij septimanas ; per
quod dictus Abraham eidem Simoni et Isabelle per perhendinacionem
predictam solvisse debuit xix 1., idem Abraham eadem bona et catalla
sua, ad valenciam xxj 1., et predictas xix 1. pro predicta perhendinacione,
ad dampnum suum, c 1.
Predictus Abraham venit et defendit vim etc. et totum, et dedicit
de verbo ad verbum, et de hoc est ad legem suam faciendam a die
S. Michaelis in unum mensem. Plegii de lege, Cresseus, filius Gente,
et Josceus, filius Sleme. Ad quem diem dictus Judeus venit et fecit
legem suam, se sola inanu super Librum suum de Lege Judaica. Et
predictus Simon petiit judicium de hoc, quod dictus Judeus non fecit
legem suam sicut facere debet, quia secundum Consuetudinem Regni
venire debeat se duodecima manu ad legem faciendam ; et de hoc
petiit judicium. Et predictus Judeus dicit, quod fecit legem suam ea
forma qua Judeus facere debet versus Christianum, et similiter super
hoc petiit judicium. Et dictus Simon similiter. Et quia dictus Judeus
fecit legem suam, sicut Judeus facere debet versus Christianum, vide-
licet, se sola manu super Librum suum, ideo consideratum est, quod
predictus Abraham inde recedat quietus. Et predictus Simon in
misericordia, sicut patet in Termino S. Michaelis proximo sequente.
IN OCTABIS S. MARTINI ANNO TEECIO INCIPIENTE
QUARTO.
Rot. 21, m. 7. Ricardus de Redleye fecit venire Benedictum, filium Jacobi,
Judeum, cum cirographo ad compotandum etc.
Predictus Benedictus venit et protulit quoddam cirographum in hec
verba : — Quod Ricardus de Redleye, filius Petri, de Comitatu Essexe,
debet Benedicto, filio Jacobi, de Lincolnia, Judeo, xl 1., reddendas eidem
ad Natale Domini anno Regis Edwardi secundo : actum xx° «die
Aprilis anno eodem ; et per predictum cirographum predictus Judeus
exigit de predicto Ricardo totum predictum debitum, et lucrum.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1275-6 89
whereof he, Simon, complains, that, the said Isabel, before her
marriage with the said Simon, having given to Abraham, son of
Deulecresse, of Norwich, Jew, certain jewels and other her goods
and chattels, to the value of £21, for safe keeping, and the same
Abraham having lodged with his servant and a boy and two horses
at the house of the said Isabel, and at the expense of the said Isabel,
for seventeen weeks at one time, and then a second time for eighteen
weeks, the said Abraham ought to have paid to the said Simon and
Isabel for the said lodging £19, and also to have delivered to the
said Simon and Isabel their said goods and chattels, to the value of
£21, with the said £19, and has not done so, to the damage of the
said Simon and Isabel, £100.
The said Abraham comes and defends the force etc. and all,
and denies it all word by word, and thereof is to make his law a
month after Michaelmas. Pledges for his law, Cresse, son of Genta,
and Joce, son of Slema. On which day the said Jew came and
made his law single-handed on his Book of the Jewish Law. And the
said Simon craved judgment by reason that the said Jew had not
made his law as he ought to make it, because according to the
Custom of the Eealm he ought to come and make his law twelve-
handed ; and thereof he craved judgment. And the said Jew says,
that he made his law in the form in which a Jew ought to make it
against a Christian, and likewise craves judgment thereof. And the said
Simon likewise. And because the said Jew made his law as a Jew
ought to make it against a Christian, to wit, single-handed upon his
Book, therefore it is adjudged, that the said Abraham go quit thereof.
And the said Simon is in mercy, as appears in the roll of Michaelmas
Term next following.
the; octave OF ST. martin in the thibd and the
BEGINNING OF THE FOURTH YEAR. [a.d. 1275-6.]
Richard de Radley caused Benedict, son of Jacob, Jew, to come
with chirograph to account etc.
The said Benedict came and produced a chirograph to the effect
following : — That Richard de Radley, son of Peter, of the County of
Essex, owes Benedict, son of Jacob, of Lincoln, Jew, £40, payable to
him at Christmas in the second year of King Edward ; the chirograph
being made on the 20th day of April in the same year ; and by the
said chirograph the said Jew demands of the said Richard all the said
debt, and interest.
N 2
90 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
Predictus Bicardus dicifc, quod injuste ab go exigit predictum
debitum, eo quod idem Benedictus fecit ei starriim suum, quod
protulit, in hec verba: — Benedictus, films Jacobi, deLincolnia, recog-
novit per starrum suum, quod Bicardus de Bedleye quietus est de uno
debito xl 1., quod est in Archa Cirographorum Londonie sub nominibus
ipsius Bicardi et Benedicti ; per quod quidem starrum elicit se esse
quietum de predicto debito.
Predictus Judeus venit et peciit inspectionem dicti starri, et
habuit, et dicit, quod predictum starrum nunquam fuit factum suum,
nee starrum illud unquam vidit nee sigillavit ; set dicit, quod starrum
illud falso factum fuit nomine suo ; et de hoc ponit se super Judeos
qui manum suam cognoscunt ; et hoc offert verificare.
Et dictus Bicardus dicit, quod predictus Benedictus fecit ei star-
rum illud, et manu sua litera Ebraica consignavit ; et hoc offert
verificare per eosdem qui interfuerant confectioni illius starri, et
per quicquid Curia Begis consideraverit ; et dicit, quod quidam
Martinus Cissor et Johannes Carnifex, de Londonia, interfuerant ubi
dictus Judeus fecit ei starrum predictum. Ideo preceptum est Con-
stabulario, quod venire faciat coram etc. xij Judeos ; et preceptum
est Yicecomitibus Londonie, quod venire faciant predictos Marti-
num et Johannem ad certificandum etc. in crastino S. Nicholai.
Ad quem diem venit inquisicio per Abraham Motun, Jacob urn Le
Clerk, Magistrum Isaac, de Oxonia, Abraham Gabbay, Magistrum
Samuelem, de Loun, Isaac le Evesk', Sampsonem, filium Isaac,1 de
Wintonia, Abraham de Norwico, Meir, nepotem Leonis, Isaac de
Berkhamsted, et Meir, filium Gamaliel, Judeos juratos. Qui dicunt
super sacramentum suum, quod predictum starrum nunquam fuit
factum ipsius Benedicti, nee sigillatum sigillo suo, nee manu sua
scriptum. Et predicti Christiani, videlicet, Martinus Cissor et
Johannes Carnifex, examinati de confectione dicti starri, dicunt, quod
bene recolunt ubi dictus Judeus scripsit in quadam cedula percamene,
et dixit coram ipsis, quod dictus Bicardus ei solvit circiter xij m. ; set
cognicionem starri supradicti non habuerunt, nee aliquid hide. Et
quia dicti Christiani nichil sciunt de confectione dicti starri, nee
aliquam cognicionem inde habent, et predicti Judei dicunt super
sacramentum suum, quod predictum starrum nunquam fuit factum
ipsius Benedicti, set bene sciunt quod starrum illud falsum est ; ideo
consideratum est, quod predictus Benedictus habeat recuperare suum
de toto predicto debito et lucro, et predictus Bicardus, eo quod
1 Though there is no lacuna in the MS., of another juror, perhaps Benedict. See
here, probably, should have stood the name pp. 96, 97, infra.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1275-6 90
The said Eichard says, that he demands the said debt of him
unlawfully, because the said Benedict made him his starr, which
he produced, to the effect following: — Benedict, son of Jacob, of
Lincoln, acknowledged by his starr, that Richard de Badley is quit of
a debt of £40, which is in the London Chirograph- Chest under the
names of him, Bichard, and Benedict ; by which starr he, Richard,
says, that he is quit of the said debt.
The said Jew came and craved inspection of the said starr, and
had it, and says, that the said starr was never his deed, nor did he
ever see or seal that starr ; but he says, that that starr was falsely
made in his name ; and thereof he puts himself upon Jews who know
his hand ; and this he offers to verify.
And the said Richard says, that the said Benedict made him that
starr, and signed it with his hand in the Hebrew character ; and this
he offers to verify by those who were present at the making of that
starr, and in what way soever the Court shall award ; and he says,
that Martin Taylor and John Butcher, of London, were present where
the said Jew made him the said starr. So the Constable is com-
manded, that he cause to come before etc. twelve Jews; and the
Sheriffs of London are commanded, that they cause the said Martin
and John to come to certify etc. on the morrow of St. Nicholas. On
which day the inquest came by Abraham Motun, Jacob Le Clerk,
Master Isaac, of Oxford, Abraham Gabbay, Master Samuel, of Lynn ('?),
Isaac le Eveske, Sampson, son of Isaac, of Winchester, Abraham of
Norwich, Meir, nephew of Leo, Isaac of Berkhamsted, and Meir, son
of Gamaliel, Jews, jurors. Who say upon their oath, that the said
starr was never the deed of him, Benedict, or sealed with his seal, or
written with his hand. And the said Christians, to wit, Martin
Taylor and John Butcher, examined touching the making of that
starr, say, that they well remember the said Jew writing on a slip of
parchment, and saying in their presence, that the said Richard paid
him about 12 marks ; but of the said starr they had no knowledge,
nor of aught regarding it. And because the said Christians know
nothing of the making of the said starr, nor have any knowledge of
aught regarding it, and the said Jews say upon their oath, that the said
starr was never his, Benedict's, deed, but they well know that that
starr is false ; therefore it is adjudged, that the said Benedict recover all
the said debt, and interest, and the said Richard, because he produced
ib. dor
Loud.
91 SCACCARIUM JUDEOKUM
protulit predictum starrum falsum, cominittitur prisone. Postea
idem Eicardus finem fecit per c s., quos ipse Eicardus et Hugo de
Coleworth et Johannes de Neketona concesserunt solvere Eegi terminis
subscriptis, videlicet, medietatem ad quindenam Purificacionis B.
Marie, et aliam medietatem in quindena S. Johannis ; et nisi fecerint,
concedunt, quod de terris et catallis suis fiant.
Willelmus de Leyburn optulit se iiijt0 die versus Haginum, filium
Magistri Mossei, Judeum ; et ipse non venit. Et preceptum fuit
Constabulario, quod ipsum distringeret per terras etc. Et Consta-
bularius mandavit, quod Cok', filius Hagini, et Benedictus, filius Hak',
manuceperunt predictum Haginum, quern non habent. Ideo in
misericordia. Judicium, sicut alias, in crastino Purificationis B.
Marie.
DE TEEMTNO S. TEINITATIS ANNO QUAETO.
wdoreo"' Preceptum fuit Constabulario, quod sub salvo et securo conductu
Bristou. venire faceret corpora cujusdam mercatoris Wasconiensis et quo-
rundam Judeorum captorum et detentorum in prisona Bristoll', cum
quadam falsa plata fundata tanquam argentea; et Constabularius,
scilicet, Bartholomeus Le Jofne, venit et duxit corpora Eeymund de La
Barbane, mercatoris Wasconiensis, Hake, filii Meirot, et Swetman,
frgrati. nn^ Meirot, Judeorum, cum diversis platis argenti in una pucha sub
sigillo suo ; et dicit, quod invenit easdem platas subtus lectum predicti
mercatoris absconditas ; et dicit, quod in manu ejusdem mercatoris
predictam falsam platam invenit, et ponderabat 1 s. ; et ea occasione
ipsum arestavit.
Et predictus mercator, hide allocutus per Justiciaries, dicit, quod
predictam falsam platam bene cognoscit, et quod earn legaliter emit
de predicto Swetman, Judeo, et pro eadem solvit ei per manum
predicti Hake in arris xxx s., et earn detulit cuidam aurifabro Bristoll'
ad faciendum examen, utruni eadem plata fuit legalis, necne ; et
quia invenit eandem platam falsam, ideo earn retradisse voluit prefato
Swetman. Dicit eciani, quod predictas pecias argenti inventas sub
lecto suo bene cognoscit, tanquam legale catallum suuni, eo quod eas
emit in Normannia et eas secum detulit usque Bristoll'. Et predicti
Judei dicunt, quod predictam falsam platam nunquam viderunt, nee
dicto mercatori vendiderunt, nee unquam aliquis contractus fuit inter
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1276 91
the said false starr, is committed to prison. Afterwards the said
Richard made fine in 100 shillings, which he, Richard, and Hugh de
Cul worth and John de Necton agreed to pay to the King at the terms
underwritten, to wit, one moiety on the quindene of the Purification
of Blessed Mary, and the other moiety on the quindene of St. John ;
and if they shall make default, they grant, that the moneys be made
of their lands and chattels.
William de Leyburn offered himself on the fourth day against
Hagin, son of Master Moses, Jew ; and he did not come. And the
Constable was commanded, that he distrain him by lands etc. And
the Constable sent word, that Cok, son of Hagin, and Benedict, son of
Hak, mainperned the said Hagin, and have him not. So in mercy.
Judgment, as before, on the morrow of the Purification of Blessed
Mary.
HOLY TRINITY TERM IN THE FOURTH YEAR. [a.d. 1276.]
The Constable was commanded, that under safe and sure conduct
he cause to come the bodies of a certain Gascon merchant and certain
Jews arrested and detained in Bristol Gaol, with a certain false plate
of fused metal, having the appearance of silver ; and the Constable,
to wit, Bartholomew Le Jeune, came and brought the bodies
of Raymond of La Barbane, merchant, of Gascony, Hak, son of
Meirot, and Swetman, son of Meirot, Jews, with divers plates
of silver in a pouch under his seal ; and he says, that he found the
said plates hidden under the bed of the said merchant ; and he says,
that he found the said false plate in the hand of the said merchant,
and it weighed 50s. ; and on that account he arrested him.
And the said merchant, taxed therewith by the Justices, says, that
he knows the false plate well, and that he had it by lawful purchase
from the said Swetman, Jew, and paid therefor by the hand of the
said Hak by way of earnest 30s., and took it to a goldsmith at
Bristol to have it assayed, whether the said plate were lawful, or no ;
and as he found that the said plate was false, he would have returned
it to the said Swetman. He also says, that he well knows the said
pieces of silver found under his bed, they being his lawful property,
seeing that he bought them in Normandy and brought them with him
to Bristol. And the said Jews say, that they never saw the said false
plate, or sold it to the said merchant, nor was there ever any contract
92 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
eos cle hujusmodi platis ; et de hoc ponunt se super patriam. Ideo
preceptum est Constabulario Bristol?, quod venire faciat coram etc., a
die S. Michaelis in xv dies, xij Christianos et xij Judeos, ad recogno-
scendum etc.
DE TERMINO S. HILLARII ANNO QUINTO.
Per breve Domini Regis de magno sigillo Justiciariis directum in hec
verba : — Edwardus etc. Justiciariis etc. salutem : — Cum ad instanciam
matris nostre, Alienore, Regine Anglie, perdonaverimus Radulfo de
Gorges xl 1., in quibus idem Radulfus Cresseo, filio Magistri Elie, Judeo,
tenebatur per cartam suam, per quod vobis breve nostrum alias man-
davimus, quod eidem Cresseo, vel alii Judeo cui voluerit, allocacionem
in debitis que Nobis debet, de predictis xl 1. habere, vel de clarioribus
debitis nostris in Thesauro Judaismi nostri existentibus usque ad
summam xl 1. eidem Cresseo liberari faciatis, ac vos id nondum
feceritis, ut accepimus ; vobis mandamus, quod, si ita est, prefato
Cresseo allocacionem predictam habere vel debita usque ad summam
predictam sibi liberari faciatis, nisi liberacio ilia vel allocacio prius
sibi facta fuerit per aliud breve nostrum. Teste Me ipso apud Odyng-
ham vit0 die Augusti anno regni nostri quarto.
Liberantur eidem Cresseo debita subscripta : videlicet, unum x 1.
sub nominibus Nicholai de Staveneby et Samuelis, filii Diei ; unum vj 1.
sub nominibus Galfridi, filii Galfridi de Wyke, et Salomon, filii Aaron ;
et unum x 1. sub nominibus Cressei, filii Milonis 2 ; et unum x 1. sub
nominibus Margerie de Balon et Cressei, filii Milonis ; et unum vij m.
sub nominibus Reginaldi de Balon et Cressei, filii Milonis. Summa,
xl 1. j m.
Willelmus cle La Leye venit coram etc., et recognovit se debere
Aaron, filio Vives, Judeo, xl 1. argenti, solvendo eidem Judeo ad festum
S. Hillarii anno regni Regis Edwardi quinto c s., et ad Hokeday
proximo sequentem c s., et ad festum S. Petri ad Vincula proximo
sequens c s., et ad quindenam S. Michaelis proximo sequentem c s., et
sic, de anno in annum et termino in terminum, xx 1. per annum,
quousque predicte xl 1. eidem fuerint persolute ; et nisi fecerit, idem
1 From Addit. Eoll (Brit. Mus.) 7218, m. the other party.
9, dorso. 3 Transferred from Roll 43 (11 Ed. I.),
3 Sic : the scribe skipped the name of m. 3.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 92
between them touching such plates ; and as to this they put them-
selves upon the country. So the Constable of Bristol is commanded,
that he cause to come before etc., on Michaelmas quindene, twelve
Christians and twelve Jews, to recognise, etc.
HILAEY TERM IN THE FIFTH YEAR. [a.d. 1277.]
London. J3y writ of our Lord the King under the Great Seal addressed to the
Justices to the effect following : — Edward etc. to his Justices etc.
greeting : — Whereas at the instance of our mother, Eleanor, Queen of
England, We have released to Ralph de Gorges £40, in which the said
Ralph was bound by his charter to Cresse, son of Master Elias, Jew,
for which cause WTe heretofore sent you our writ, commanding you to
cause to be made to the said Cresse, or to any other Jew at his pleasure,
allowance in the debts which he owes to Us, of the said £40, or delivery
to the said Cresse of the clearer debts owing to Us in the Treasury of
our Jewry to the amount of £40, and you, as We have heard, have not
yet done so ; We therefore command you, that, if so it is, you cause
the said allowance or delivery of debts to the said amount to be made
to the said Cresse, unless such delivery or allowance be earlier made
him by another our writ. Witness Myself at Odiham on the 6th day
of August in the fourth year of our reign.
There are delivered to the said Cresse the debts underwritten : to
wit, a debt of £10 under the names of Nicholas de Staveneby x and
Samuel, son of Diaia ; a debt of £6 under the names of Geoffrey, son
of Geoffrey de Wick, and Solomon, son of Aaron ; and a debt of £10
under the names of Cresse, son of Milo [and another] ; and a debt of
£10 under the names of Margery de Bolam and Cresse, son of Milo ;
and a debt of 7 marks under the names of Reginald de Bolam and
Cresse, son of Milo. Sum, £40 1 mark.
Burr. William de La Leye came before etc., and acknowledged, that he
owes Aaron, son of Vives, Jew, £40 of silver, whereof he is to pay
the said Jew 100s. at the feast of St. Hilary in the fifth year of
the reign of King Edward, and 100s. at Hokeday next following, and
100s. at the feast of St. Peter's Chains next following, and 100s. on
Michaelmas quindene next following, and so, year by year and term
by term, £20 yearly, until the said £40 be fully paid him ; and if he
Perhaps Stainby, Lincolnshire.
93
SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Willelmus concedit, quod de terris et catallis suis fiant, una cum ex-
pensis 1 etc. ; et per istani recognicionem predictus "Willelmus quietus
est de xl 1., in quibus predictus "Willelmus tenebatur per ij cartas que
sunt in Arena Cirograpborum Londonie.
Derb.
Glonc.
Memorandum, quod Henricus de Birkeley, miles, de Comitatu
Gloucestrie, recognovit, quod dimisit et tradidit eidem Aaron totum
manerium suum de Stanle, cum omnibus suis pertinenciis etc. in ex-
tensione xvj 1. per annum, tenendum a festo Purificationis B. Marie
Virginia anno Regis Edwardi quinto usque ad finem x annorum
proximo sequentium, completorum.
Henricus de Birkeley, miles, venit coram etc., et recognovit se
teneri Aaron, filio Vives, in cccc 1., solvendo eidem Judeo terminis sub-
scriptis, videlicet, ad festum Purificationis B. Marie anno regni Begis
Edwardi quinto sexies xx 1., in quindena Pasche proximo sequente
c s., et in quindena S. Michaelis proximo sequente c s., et sic de anno
in annum etc. ; et nisi etc. concedit etc.
Hot. 23,
m. 7, dorso.
Esses.
DE TERMINO PASCHE.
Cum Robertus de Gravele districtus fuisset pro c s., quos Dominus
Rex ab eo exigebat de debito Magistri Mossei, Judei, defuncti, idem
Robertus venit et protulit unum starrum in hec verba :— Magister
Mosseus, Judeus, recognovit per starrum suum, quod Robertus de
Gravele et heredes sui quieti sunt de ipso et heredibus suis de
omnibus debitis et calumpniis a creacione usque ad Pentecosten anno
Regis Henrici xliiij*0. Et quia Justiciarii scire voluerunt, utrum
starrum istud fuit factum ipsius Mossei, necne ; ideo per sacramentum
Cressei, filii Gente, Gamaliel de Oxonia, Jacobi Le Clerk, Isaac le
Evesk', Aaron Crespin, Bonevie de Bedford, Mossei Levere, Salamonis
Bunting, Aaron Potage, Bonami de Kent, Abrabe Gabbay, et
Abrahe de La Gelnseye, Judeorum, Londonie, inquisita fuit Veritas de
confectione istius starri. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod
predictus Mosseus fecit predictum starrum. Et quia predicta carta
confecta fuit ante predictum festum Pentecostes, ideo consideratum
est, quod idem Robertus hide sit quietus, et predicta carta eidem
liberetur quiete dampnata.
As to the real meaning of this term see Introduction, pp. xxxviii-ix.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 93
make default in the said payments, the said William grants, that they
be made of his lands and chattels, with expenses ; and by this
acknowledgment the said William is quit of £'40, in which the said
William was bound by two charters which are in the London Chiro-
graph-Chest.
Be it had in remembrance, that Henry de Berkeley, knight, of the
County of Gloucester, acknowledged, that he has demised and delivered
to the said Aaron his entire manor of Stanley, with all its appurte-
nances etc., being of the yearly value of £16, to hold from the feast of
the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the fifth year of King
Edward to the end of ten years next following, complete.
Henry de Berkeley, knight, came before etc., and acknowledged,
that he is bound to Aaron, son of Vives, in £400, and is to pay to
the said Jew at the terms underwritten, to wit, at the feast of the
Purification of Blessed Mary in the fifth year of the reign of King
Edward £120, and on Easter quindene next following 100s., and on
Michaelmas quindene next following 100s., and so year by year etc. ;
and if etc., he grants etc.
EASTER TERM.
Whereas Robert de Graveley was distrained for 100s., which our
Lord the King claimed from him on account of a debt owing to Master
Moses, Jew, deceased, the said Robert came and produced a starr to the
effect following : — Master Moses, Jew, acknowledged by his starr, that
Robert de Graveley and his heirs are quit as against him and his
heirs of all debts and claims from the creation to Pentecost in the
44th year of King Henry. And because the Justices desired to know,
whether this starr was the deed of him, Moses, or no ; therefore by
oath of Cresse, son of Genta, Gamaliel of Oxford, Jacob Le Clerk, Isaac
le Eveske, Aaron Crespin, Bonevie of Bedford, Moses Levere, Solomon
Bunting, Aaron Potage, Bonamy of Kent, Abraham Gabbay, and
Abraham of La Gelnseye,1 Jews, of London, inquest was had of the
truth as to the making of this starr. And the jurors say upon their
oath, that the said Moses made the said starr. And because the said
charter was made before the said feast of Pentecost, therefore it is
adjudged, that the said Robert be quit thereof, and the said charter is
delivered to him quit and cancelled.'2
1 Guernsey (?). would seem, therefore, that no starr was
2 In this case the starr had evidently valid against the Crown unless so found by
been duly enrolled ; otherwise no attesta- inquest.
tion would have rendered it valid. It
ib. m.
tlorso.
Staff.
Norf.
94 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Omnibus hoc seriptum visuris vel audituris, Magister Adam de
Phylleby, canonicus S. Martini Magni, Londonie, salutem eternam in
Domino : — Noveritis me teneri et pr'esenti scripto obligari Cresseo,
filio Magistri Elie, Judeo, Londonie, in xij saccis bone lane, munde et
bene lote, sine cot, gard et omni vili vellere, quorum duo sacci erunt de
Mai dona, in Comitatu Essexe, duo de Denham, in Comitatu Buking-
ham', iiij de Herford', et quatuor de Stafford', secundum quod lane sunt
in partibus et comitatibus predictis, eidem Cresseo, vel ejus certo
attornato, apud domum ejusdem Cressei in Londonia, infra quindenam
proximam post festum Gule Augusti, anno regni Kegis Edwardi
quinto, integre, sine omni dilacione persolvende. Ad quam quidem
solucionem fideliter et integre suis loco et termino faciendam inveni
prefato Cresseo hunc fidejussorem, videlicet, Kadulfum Brll,1 de
Comitatu Norfolcie, qui una mecum in predicto debito principalem se
constituit debitorem. Si autem contingat me in solucione, totius vel
partis, lane predicte suis loco et termino deficere, quod absit, extunc
ego, predictus Adam, et Kadulfus obligamus nos unumquemque in
solidum, et heredes et executores nostros, districcioni cujusque vice-
comiti vel ballivi quern prefatus Cresseus vel ejus attornatus duxerit
eligendum ; et possit nos per omnia bona nostra, mobilia et inmobilia,
ubicumque fuerint inventa, distringere, et predictam lanam vel ejus
valorem ad opus predicti Cressei sine omni contradiccione vel impedi-
mento levare : volumus, eciam, quod, si de nobis contingat humaniter
antequam de predicta lana vel ejus valore predicto Cresseo, vel ejus
attornato, fuerit satisfactum, quod nulla fiat testamenti nostri
executio aut bonorum nostrorum distraccio vel alicujus debiti solncio,
donee predicto Cresseo, vel ejus attornato, de predicta lana una cum
dampnis et expensis,2 si que vel quas idem Cresseus occasione dicte
lane suis loco et termino non solute sustinuerit, plenarie fuerit
satisfactum. Volumus, insuper, et concedimus, quod idem vicecomes
vel ballivus, qui districcionem super nos vel unum ex nobis, predicta
lana suis loco et termino non soluta, fecerit, quod qualibet districcione
quam fecerit xl s. argenti de bonis nostris propriis percipiat et habeat,
et nichilominus quod idem Cresseus vel attornatus super dampnis suis
et expensis supradictis simplici sua assercione, sine juramento vel
alterius onere probacionis, credatur. Et ad majorem securitatem ad
solucionem predictam fideliter faciendam, nos, Adam et Badulfus,
affidamus, et juramento mediante presens seriptum sigillorum nos-
1 Sic: the vowels can only be supplied by conjecture.
2 Cf. Introduction, 1. c.
EXCIIEQCJER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 94
staff. To all who shall have sight or hearing of this writing, Master
Adam cle Filby, canon of St. Martin's Le Grand, London, eternal
health in the Lord : — Know that by the present writing I am held
bound to Cresse, son of Master Elias, Jew, of London, in twelve sacks of
good wool, clean and well washed, without cot,1 gare, or any cheap fleece,
whereof two sacks shall be from Maldon, in the County of Essex, two
from Denham, in the County of Buckingham, four from Hertford, and
four from Stafford, the wool to be such as is grown in the said parts and
counties, and to be delivered to the said Cresse, or his proper attorney,
at his house in London, in full tale and without any delay, before the
quindene next following Lammas day,2 in the fifth year of the reign
of King Edward. For which delivery, faithfully and fully to be made
to the said Cresse at the place and time assigned, I have found this
surety, to wit, Ralph Burrell (?), of the County of Norfolk, who has
made himself, jointly with me, principal debtor in the said debt.
And should it so, as I trust it may not, happen, that I make default in
delivery of the said wool, in whole or in part, at the place and time
assigned, then I, the said Adam, and Ralph bind ourselves severally,
and our heirs and executors, for the whole, to lie under distraint by
any sheriff or bailiff whom the said Cresse or his attorney may see fit
to choose ; and he may distrain us by all our goods, movable and
immovable, wheresoever they may be found, and raise the said wool
or its value to the use of the said Cresse without any dispute or
demur : we are consenting, also, that, if we should pay the debt
of nature before delivery made to the said Cresse, or his attorney,
of the said wool or its value, there be no execution of our will
or distribution of our goods or payment of any of our debts,
until delivery be fully made to the said Cresse, or his attorney,
of the said wool, together with the damages and expenses, if any,
which the said Cresse may have sustained by reason of the said wool
not being delivered at the place and time assigned. We are further-
more consenting, and we grant, that the said sheriff or bailiff, who, the
said wool not being delivered at the place and time assigned, shall
make distraint upon us or upon one of us, may take and have of our
proper goods 40s. for every distraint which he may have made, and
nevertheless that the said Cresse or his attorney be believed as to his
said damages and expenses on his mere word, without oath or other
burden of proof. And by way of further security for the said delivery
faithfully to be made, we, Adam and Ralph, pledge our faith and add
our oath, and have also deemed meet to fortify the present writing
1 See Glossary. z 1 August.
95 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
trorum munimine duximus roborandum. Hiis testibus : Dominis
Hanione Haute}Tn, Roberto de Ludham, tunc Justiciariis etc. ; Wil-
lelmo de Bonevilla ; Willelmo de Billokeby ; Willelmo de Sreusb' ; et
aliis.
PLA-CITA RESUMPTA IN OCTABIS S. TBINITATIS PROPTER
EXERCITUM MOTUM VERSUS WALLIAM ANNO QUINTO.
Rot. 24, m. 2. Josceus Bundy, captus pro receptamento unius missalis furati de
Priore Nywenhain per quendarn Christianum, socium suum, latronem,
suspensum, et pro retonsura inonete, et quibusdani particulis argenti
fusi per ipsurn Judeum traditis Constabulario Castri Oxonie irnpositis
fraudulenter super Yives Le Chapelein, Judeum, Oxonie, qui hide
recessit quietus per Curiam Regis, et de hoc, quod coram Justiciariis
etc., apud Oxoniam, presentatum fuit per Majorem et ballivos Oxonie
quod idem Josceus fuit publicus receptator latrociniorum et retonsor
monete Domini Regis, et de hoc, quod est utlagatus in diversis
comitatibus Anglie pro tallagio super ipsum assesso in Comitatu
Cantebrigie sub nomine Joscei, filii Benedicti, venit coram Justiciariis
etc., et totum dedicit de verbo ad verbum, et quod hide non sit
culpabilis, ponit se super Judeos. Ideo preceptum est Constabulario
Turris Londonie etc., quod venire faciat coram etc., in vigilia Apo-
stolorum Petri et Pauli, xij Judeos de Oxonia, qui nunc sunt in
Civitate Londonie, ad recognoscendum etc. Ad quern diem venit
inquisicio per Benjamin de Oxonia, Yives Le Petit, Manserum de
Oxonia, Benedictum le Eveske, Isaac, generum Lombardi, Josceum
de Oxonia, Bonevie de Bedford, Josceum, filiuni Mossei, Josceum,
filium Salle, Meir de Bruges, Isaac le Eveske, Isaac de Berkhamstede,
Judeos, juratos ; qui dicunt, super sacramentum suum, quod quedam
retonsura monete et particule argenti fusi posite fuerunt et sparse
ante ostium Vives Le Chapelein in Oxonia per nianus cujusdam
Christiani, ad procuracionem predicti Joscei, eo quod ipsum Christia-
num locavit ad hoc faciendum pro quadam summa pecunie ; et quod
idem Vives de eadem retonsura nee de particulis argenti fusi non est
culpabilis. Requisiti super hoc, si eadem retonsura et argentum
fusum fuit ipsius Joscei, et tradita prefato Christiano per eundem
Josceum ad ibidem spargendum, dicunt, quod eadem retonsura et
argentum fuit predicti Christiani, et non factum ipsius Joscei.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 05
with the sanction of our seals. Witness : Sir Hamo Hauteyn,
Sir Eobert de Ludham, then Justices etc. ; William de Bonneville ;
William de Billockby ; William de Shrewsbury, and others.
PLEAS BESUMED ON THE OCTAVE OF HOLY TBINITY BY
EEASON OF THE ADVANCE OF THE KING'S ARMY ON
WALES IN THE FIFTH YEAB. [a.d. 1277.]
oxford. Joce Bundy, taken for receipt of a missal stolen from the Prior of
Nuneham by a Christian, his accomplice in the theft, who was hanged,
and for coin-clipping, and for that he, Joce, having fused certain
pieces of silver, did, on their delivery to the Constable of Oxford
Castle, falsely charge the offence upon Vives Le Chapelein, Jew,
of Oxford, who went quit thereof by the King's Court, and for that
before the Justices etc., at Oxford, he was presented by the Mayor and
bailiffs as a notorious receiver of stolen goods and a clipper of our Lord
the King's coin, and for that he is outlawed in divers counties of
England for default in payment of talliage assessed upon him in the
County of Cambridge under the name of Joce, son of Benedict, comes
before the Justices etc., and denies all of it word by word, and as to
his innocence thereof, puts himself upon Jews.1 So the Constable
of the Tower of London is commanded, that he cause to come before
etc., on the vigil of the Apostles Peter and Paul, twelve Jews of Oxford,
who are now in the City of London, to recognise etc. On which day
the inquest came by Benjamin of Oxford, Vives Le Petit, Manser of
Oxford, Benedict le Eveske, Isaac, son-in-law of Lumbard, Joce
of Oxford, Bonevie of Bedford, Joce, son of Moses, Joce, son of Salle,
Meir of Bridgnorth, Isaac le Eveske, Isaac of Berkhamsted, Jews ;
who, being sworn, say upon their oath, that some coin-clippings and
pieces of fused silver were strewn in front of the door of Vives Le
Chapelein at Oxford by a certain Christian, who was hired for the
purpose by the said Joce with a sum of money ; and that the said
Vives is not guilty either of clipping the coin or of fusing the pieces of
silver. Asked whether the said clipped coin and fused silver belonged
to him, Joce, and were by him given to the said Christian to strew in the
place aforesaid, they say, that the said coin-clippings and fused silver
belonged to the said Christian, and were not the work of him, Joce.
1 Because the main issue is a charge tion, p. xiii, as to the qualified autonomy of
against one of his own race. Cf. Introduc- the Jewry.
96 SCACCAKIUM JUBEORUM
ib. m. 2, Cum Josceus Bundy, Judeus, allocutus fuisset de diversis trans-
oxon. gressionibus per ipsum factis contra pacem etc., et testatum fuit
coram Justiciariis, quod non gerebat se Judaice, nee secundum Legem
Moysis vixit, petitum fuit ab eo per Justiciaries etc. utrum se voluit
tenere ad Legem Christianam vel Judaicam ; et ipse peciit super hoc
inducias respondendi a die Veneris usque ad diem Lune proximo
sequentem. Et quia testatum fuit per Magistros Legis eorum et per
totam communitatem Judeorum, quod, si aliquis Judeus requisitus
fuisset a quocumque, cujus Legis fuisset, et ipse incontinenti nisi
respondisset, quod est Judeus, de cetero inter eos non teneretur pro
Judeo ; ideo dicunt, quod non est Judeus, nee alicujus Legis ; propter
quod testantur, quod omnia catalla sua sunt forisfacta ad opus Eegis.
Ideo de catallis suis inquisitum est per sacramentum Benedicti de
Wintonia et Bonevie de Oxonia. Habuit catalla, quando captus fuit, ad
valenciam xxxl., de quibus devenerunt ad manus Isaac de Kaune
xx 1., et ad manus Meirot, fratris uxoris predicti Joscei, x 1. Ideo
preceptum est Vicecomiti, quod capiat predictos Judeos, ita quod
habeat corpora eorum coram etc. apud Salopiam a die S. Michaelis in
xv dies etc. Et predictus Josceus interim committetur prisone etc.
ib.m.5, Memorandum, quod Magister Elias, filius Magistri Mossei, et
'lTiki'. Cresseus, filius suus, venerunt coram etc., et protulerunt breve Begis
de Magno Sigillo in hec verba : — Edwardus, Dei gratia etc., Justiciariis
etc. : — Sciatis quod concessimus Magistro Elie, filio Mossei, et Cresseo,
filio ejusdem Elie, Judeis, Londonie, quod dare possint coram vobis
quibuscumque Judeis voluerint potestatem faciendi attornacionem
loco ipsorum Elie et Cressei, ad lucrandum vel perdendum, in omnibus
placitis et querelis Judaismum nostrum contingentibus, pro ipsis vel
contra ipsos motis vel movendis coram vobis, a die S. Michaelis
proximo futuro usque ad festum Pasche proximo sequens. Et ideo
vobis mandamus, quod illos Judeos, quibus iidem Elias et Cresseus
potestatem illam dederint, coram vobis loco ipsorum Elie et Cressei
ad hoc admittatis, sicut predictum est. Teste Me ipso apud Win-
desoram iij die Junii anno regni nostri quinto.
ib. m. 6.
Loud.
Oxon.
Josceus, filius Pigge, Judeus, attachiatus ad respondendum Abbati
de Persore de placito falsitatis cujusdam carte, et unde queritur,
quod cum nullus abbas umquam fuisset in domo ilia qui umquam
vocaretur Elias, idem Josceus imam cartam sub nomine cujusdam
Elie, abbatis, fieri fecit in hec verba : — Omnibus Christi fidelibus,
ad quos presentes littere pervenerint, ego, Elias, Abbas de Persore
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 96
Whereas Joce Bundy, Jew, was taxed with divers trespasses by
him done against the peace etc., and it was witnessed before the
Justices, that he lived not after the manner of a Jew, nor according to
the Law of Moses, he was asked by the Justices etc., whether he was
minded to cleave to the Christian or to the Jewish Law ; and he craved
respite for his answer from Friday to the Monday next following.
And as it was witnessed by the Masters of the Law and the entire
community of the Jews, that, if any Jew were by any one asked, of what
Law he was, and did not forthwith answer, that he was a Jew, he would
thenceforth no more be held by them as a Jew ; therefore they say,
that he is no Jew, nor of any Law ; for which cause they witness, that
all his chattels are forfeit to the use of the King. So inquest is had of
his chattels by oath of Benedict of Winchester and Bonevie of Oxford,
who find, that, when he was taken, he had chattels to the value of £30,
of which £20 came to the hands of Isaac of Calne, and £10 to the
hands of Meirot, brother of the said Joce's wife. So the Sheriff is
commanded, that he arrest the said Jews, so that he have their bodies
before etc. at Shrewsbury on Michaelmas quindene etc. And the
said Joce is in the meantime to be committed to prison etc.
Be it had in remembrance, that Master Elias, son of Master
Moses, and Cresse, his son, came before etc., and produced a writ of
the King under the Great Seal to the effect following : — Edward, by
the grace of God etc., to his Justices etc : — Know that We have
granted to Master Elias, son of Moses, and Cresse, son of the said
Elias, Jews, of London, that to any Jews whomsoever, as they may be
so minded, they may give power to act as the attorneys of them, Elias
and Cresse, for loss or gain, in all pleas and plaints touching our Jewry,
which are or may be in process for or against them before you, from
Michaelmas next until Easter next following. And therefore We com-
mand you, that the Jews, to whom the said Elias and Cresse shall have
given that power, you admit to that office before you in the place, as
aforesaid, of them, Elias and Cresse. Witness Myself at Windsor on
the 3rd day of June in the fifth year of our reign.
Joce, son of Pigge, Jew, was attached to answer the Abbot of
Per shore touching a plea of the falsity of a certain charter, whereof
the Abbot complains, that, whereas there was never any abbot
in that house who was ever called Elias, the said Joce caused
a charter to be made under the name of a certain Abbot Elias to
this effect :— To all liegemen of Christ, to whom this present letter
o
97 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Dei gratia, salutem in Domino sempiternam : — Noverit universitas
vestra has litteras visura, quod recepi observandas et salvandas de
Hake, Judeo, ex Wigornia, xxxv 1. argenti, et ij m. auri ponderati,
et Iv coclearia argentea, et iiij ciphos argenteos sine pedibus, de
ponderacione de lx s. Hec omnia prenominata recepi de manu
Hake, Judei, ad salvanda sibi et heredibus suis, qui istam obliga-
cionem nobis asportaverint, et quos nos istam obligacionem nequimus
contradicere antequam sit detracta. In hujus rei testimonium ego,
prenominatus Elias, Abbas, et ejus loci Conventus sigilla nostra
apposuimus. Data apud Pershoram die Jovis proxima ante festum
B. Marie in Assumpcione anno regni Eegis Henrici xlv°. Et dicit,
quod numquam scriptum factum fuit per aliquem abbatem ejusdem
domus ; set sine assensu et voluntate ipsius Abbatis, vel predecessorum
suorum, idem Judeus predictum scriptum fecit, ad dampnum suum,
c m., et contra pacem etc.
Predictus Josceus venit et defendit vim etc., et quicquid etc., et
dicit, quod aliquo tempore habuit quoddam scriptum bujusmodi sigillo
Abbatis de Persore consignatum, et illud scriptum habuit ex tradicione
Isaac de Warrewico, Judei, et hide vocat ipsum ad warantum. Ideo
preceptum est Constabulario Turris Londonie, quod attachiari faciat
predictum Isaac, ita quod habeat corpus ejus coram etc. a die
S. Johannis Baptiste in xv dies etc. Ad quern diem predictus
Abbas venit per attornatum suum, et predictus Josceus similiter,
et predictus Isaac non venit ; et Constabularius mandavit, quod
Sakerell et Hake Gruel, Judei, manuceperunt predictum Isaac, quern
non habent. Ideo in misericordia. Judicium, quod distringat per
terras etc., ita quod nee ipsi etc., et quod de exitibus etc., et quod
habeat corpus ejus coram etc. a die S. Michaelis in unurn mensem
etc. Et preceptum est Yicecomiti Wigorn', quod venire faciat vj
milites et xij alios etc., ad recognoscendum super sacramentum suum,
si umquam fuit aliquis Abbas de Persore qui vocabatur Elias. Et
preceptum est Vicecomiti Hereford', quod venire faciat vj legales
Judeos Herefordie, ad recognoscendum etc. ad predictum diem etc.
Et interim predictus Josceus committitur prisone. Ad quem diem,
scilicet, a die S. Michaelis in unum mensem, venit inquisicio per
Willelmum Le Poor, et alios, tarn milites etc., et per Benedictum de
"Wintonia, Isaac le Evesk', Sampsonem de Wigornia, Aaron, filium
Hake, et Manserum, filium Joscei, Judeos. Qui dicunt super sacra-
mentum suum, quod numquam fuit aliquis abbas in abbacia predicta
qui vocabatur Elias. Ideo consideratum est, quod predictus Abbas,
quoad debitum contentum in predicto scripto, sit quietus. Et pre-
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 97
may come, I, Elias, by God's grace Abbot of Pershore, health in the
Lord for ever : — Know all of you, that may see this letter, that I
have received from Hak, Jew, of Worcester, for safe keeping, £35
of silver, and 2 marks' weight of gold, and 55 silver spoons, and 4
silver bowls without feet, of the weight of 60s. All the aforenamed
things I have received from Hak, the Jew, to keep for him and his
heirs, who shall bring to us this obligation which we cannot dispute
until it be cancelled. In witness hereof, I, Elias aforenamed, Abbot,
and the Convent of this place have affixed our seals. Given at
Pershore on the Thursday next before the feast of Blessed Mary in
Assumption in the forty-fifth year of the reign of King Henry. And
he says, that the writing was never the deed of any abbot of the said
house ; but without the assent and consent of him, the Abbot, or of
his predecessors, the said Jew made the said writing, to his damage,
100 marks, and against the peace etc.
The said Joce comes and defends the force etc., and whatever etc.,
and says, that at one time he had such a writing sealed with the seal
of this Abbot of Pershore, and that writing he had by delivery from
Isaac of Warwick, Jew, whereof he vouches him to warranty. There-
fore the Constable of the Tower of London is commanded, that he
cause the said Isaac to be attached, so that he have his body before
etc. on the quindene of St. John the Baptist etc. On which day came
the said Abbot by his attorney, and the said Joce likewise, and the
said Isaac did not come ; and the Constable sent word, that Sakerell
and Hak Gruel, Jews, mainperned the said Isaac, and have him not.
Therefore in mercy. Judgment, that he distrain by lands etc., so
that neither they etc., and that of the issues etc., and that he have
his body before etc. a month after Michaelmas etc. And the Sheriff
of Worcestershire is commanded, that he cause to come six knights
and twelve other etc., to recognise upon their oath, if there ever was any
Abbot of Pershore who was called Elias. And the Sheriff of Hereford-
shire is commanded, that he cause to come six lawful Jews of Hereford,
to recognise etc. on the day aforesaid etc. And in the meantime the
said Joce is committed to prison. On which day, to wit, a month
after Michaelmas, came the inquest by William Le Poer, and others,
as well knights as etc, and by Benedict of Winchester, Isaac le
Eveske, Sampson of Worcester, Aaron, son of Hak, and Manser, son
of Joce, Jews. Who say upon their oath, that there never was any
abbot in the said abbey who was called Elias. Therefore it is adjudged,
that the said Abbot be quit as to the debt contained in the said
writing. And the Sheriff of Worcestershire is commanded, that he
98 SCACCARIUM JTJDEORUM
ceptum est Vicecomiti Wigorn', quod ipetim de predicto debito non
distringat. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti Warrew', quod capiat
Josceum Pigge, et Constabulario Turn's Londonie, quod capiat pre-
dictum Isaac de Warrewico, ita quod habeant corpora eorum coram
etc. a die S. Hillarii in xv dies etc.
to. m- 7- Per breve Domini Eegis de Magno Sigillo Justiciariis directum in
L3yc. Warr, ° ° °
hec verba : — Edwardus etc. Justiciariis etc. salutem : — Mandamus
vobis, quod, si Johannes Maunsell, de Tyrintona, ostendere possit coram
vobis racionabilem et sufficientem quietanciam per starrum inter
ipsum et Haginum, filium Magistri Mossei, Judeum, confectum de
omnibus debitis sub nominibus eorundem Johannis et Hagini, tunc
cartas per quas idem Johannes in debitis illis tenebatur, sive in Archa
Cirographorum Judaismi, sive in Thesauro nostro fuerint, extrahi et
prefato Christiano liberari faciatis secundum Legem et Consuetudinem
Judaismi nostri, et hoc pro clausura Arche predicte non omittatis,
dum tamen starrum super quietancia ilia fuit debita hora et debito
modo, et antequam catalla ipsius Judei capi fecimus in manum nos-
tram, factum fuisset. Teste Me ipso apud Windesoram xxv° die Maii
anno regni nostri quinto.
Inquisita fuit Veritas de quodam starro, quod predictus Johannes
protulit, in hec verba : — Haginus de Lincolnia recognovit per
starrum suum, quod Johannes Maunsell, de Tyrintona, et heredes
sui quieti sunt de ipso Hagino, et heredibus suis, de uno debito c 1.
sub nominibus predictorum Johannis et Hagini, et de omnibus aliis
debitis, demandis, querelis et plegagiis, que idem Johannes vel heredes
sui debuerunt predicto Hagino vel heredibus suis, a principio seculi
usque ad finem ; et si carta, tallia, vel aliquod aliud instrumentum
infra Archam Cirographorum vel extra inveniantur, ubicunque fuerint,
idem Haginus recognovit, pro se et heredibus suis, quod quieta sint et
nichil valeant. Et istam quietanciam fecit ei idem Haginus pro 1 1.,
quas de predicto Johanne recepit pre manibus, actam in crastino S.
Johannis Baptiste anno regni Piegis Edwardi primo. Que quidem
inquisicio facta fuit per Salamonem Bunting, Sampsonem, filium
Vives, Cressandin, Isaac de Oxonia, Diei le Eveske, Josceum Le
Levere, Manserum le Eveske, Manserum La Pape, Eliam de Corn-
hull', Benedictum, filium Cok', Isaac le Eveske, Gamaliel de Oxonia,
et Aaron Crespin, Judeos. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod
prefatus Haginus fecit predicto Johanni predictum starrum in cras-
tino S. Johannis Baptiste anno primo. Et insuper dictus Judeus
recognovit idem starrum. Et quia attinctum est per inquisicionem
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.I). 1277 98
distrain him not for the said debt. And the Sheriff of Warwickshire
is commanded, that he take Joce Pigge, and the Constable of the
Tower of London is commanded, that he take the said Isaac of War-
wick etc., so that the}' have their bodies before etc. on Hilary quin-
dene etc.
By writ of our Lord the King under the Great Seal addressed to
the Justices to the effect following: — Edward etc. to his Justices etc.
greeting :— We command you, that if John Mansel, of Torrington, be
able to show before you by starr made between him and Hagin, son
of Master Moses, Jew, reasonable and adequate quittance of all debts
under the names of the said John and Hagin, then, whether the
charters by which the said John was bound in those debts be in the
Chirograph-Chest of Jewry, or in our Treasury, you do cause the
same to be taken out and delivered to the said Christian according to
the Law and Custom of our Jewry, and this omit not by reason of
the closure of the said Chest, provided the starr of that quittance
was made in due time and form, and before We caused the Jew's
chattels to be taken into our hand. Witness Myself at Windsor on
the 25th day of May in the fifth year of our reign.
Inquest was made of the truth touching a starr, which the said John
produced, to the effect following :— Hagin of Lincoln acknowledged by
his starr, that John Mansel, of Torrington, and his heirs are quit as to
him, Hagin, and his heirs, of a debt of £100 under the names of the said
John and Hagin, and of all other debts, demands, claims, and pled-
geries, for which the said John or his heirs is or may be answerable
to the said Hagin or his heirs, from the beginning to the end of the
world ; and if charter, tally, or any other instrument be found within
or without the Chirograph-Chest, the said Hagin, for himself and his
heirs, acknowledges that, wherever it be found, it is quit and of no
validity. And the said Hagin, for £50 paid to him in hand by the
said John, made him this quittance, dated on the morrow of St. John
the Baptist in the first year of the reign of King Edward. And this
inquest was made by Solomon Bunting, Sampson, son of Vives,
Cressandin, Isaac of Oxford, Diaia le Eveske, Joce Le Levere,
Manser le Eveske, Manser La Pape, Elias of Cornhill, Benedict, son
of Cok, Isaac le Eveske, Gamaliel of Oxford, and Aaron Crespin,
Jews. Who say upon their oath, that the said Hagin made the said
starr in favour of the said John on the morrow of St. John the
Baptist in the first year. And moreover the said Jew acknowledged
the said starr. And because it is attaint by that inquest that the
99 SCACCAEIUxM JUDECTRUM
illam quod predictum starrum factum fuit die predicto, quod fuit ante
quam tallagium fuisset assessum super Judeos Anglie, eo quod tallagium
fuit assessum in anno regni Eegis Edwardi predicti secundo, pro quo
quidem tallagio catalla ilia fuerunt capta in manum Eegis ; ideo con-
sideratum est, quod predicta carta c 1., que capta fuit in manum Eegis
pro eodem tallagio, predicto Johanni liber etur quiete dampnata etc.
ib.m.7, Cum Donrinus Rex peteret versus Aaron Crespin, Judeum, medie-
Londl tatem unius messuagii, cum pertinenciis, in Londonia, quod fuit cu-
jusdam Melkane, converse, et quod l idem Dominus Eex exigebat
occasione conversionis ipsius Melkane, et idem Aaron vocaret ad
warantum Haginum, filium Magistri Mossei, Judeum, et idem
Haginus invenisset et inde vocasset ad warantum Jorninum, filium
Abrahe, Judeum, et placitum inde cessasset ad hunc diem, videlicet,
ad quindenam S. Johannis Baptiste, occasione exercitus Domini Eegis
moti versus Walliam ; predictus Aaron venit coram etc., et protulit
quoddam breve Domini Eegis in hec verba :— Edwardus, Dei gratia
etc., Justiciariis etc. : — Monstravit Nobis Aaron Crespin, Judeus,
Londonie, quod, cum placitum sit coram vobis inter Nos et ipsum
Aaron de medietate unius messuagii, cum pertinenciis, in Civitate
Londonie, quam ab eo exigimus tanquam eschaetam nostram, racione
conversionis Melkane, uxoris Sakerell, Judei, Londonie, adhuc Judei
superstitis, idem Aaron super hoc vexatur indebite, pro eo, maxime,
quod predicta Melkana numquam fuerat conversa ; et quia predicto
Aaron super premissis nolumus injuriari, vobis mandamus, qnod, si per
inquisicionem, vel alio modo legitimo, vobis constare poterit predictam
Melkanam conversam non esse, et Nos alia racione medietatem
messuagii predicti clamare non possumus, nisi racione conversionis
predicte, et idem Aaron confirmacionem Domini Henrici Eegis,
patris nostri, Hagino, filio Magistri Mossei, Judeo, super empcionem
medietatis messuagii predicti confectam vobis ostenderit, a quo
quidem Hagino predictus Aaron predictam medietatem messuagii
predicti emit, ut dicitur ; tunc prefato Aaron de placito predicto
pacem habere permittatis, et hoc, licet idem Aaron predictum Ha-
ginum inde vocaverit ad warantum, non omittatis. Teste Me ipso
apud Windesoram xxv° die Maii anno regni nostri v°. Cujus quidem
tenore mandati preceptum fuit Vicecomitibus Londonie, quod venire
facerent coram etc., xij etc. de Civitate Londonie, et xij legales Judeos,
1 Sic : but, as subsequently appears, the King in fact claimed only half the messuage.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277 90
said starr was made on the said day, to wit, before the talliage had been
assessed upon the Jews of England, which talliage was assessed in the
second year of the reign of the said King Edward, for which talliage
those chattels were taken into the King's hand ; therefore it is
adjudged, that the said charter for £100, which was taken into the
King's hand for the said talliage, be delivered to the said John quit
and cancelled etc.
Whereas our Lord the King claimed against Aaron Crespin,
Jew, the moiety of a messuage with appurtenances in London,
which belonged to one Melkana, a convert, and which our said
Lord the King claimed by reason of her, Melkana's, conversion, and
the said Aaron vouched to warranty Hagin, son of Master Moses,
Jew, and the said Hagin had found and vouched to warranty thereof,
Jornin, son of Abraham, Jew, and the plea thereof had been adjourned
to this day, to wit, the quindene of St. John the Baptist, by reason of
the advance of our Lord the King's army towards Wales ; the said
Aaron came before etc., and produced a writ of our Lord the King to
this effect :— Edward, by the grace of God etc., to the Justices etc. : —
Aaron Crespin, Jew, of London, has shown Us that, whereas there is a
plea before you between Us and him, Aaron, touching the moiety of
a messuage, with appurtenances, in the City of London, which We
demand of him as our escheat, by reason of the conversion of Melkana,
wife of Sakerell, Jew, of London, the Jew being still alive, the said
Aaron is in this matter harassed without due cause, most especially
by reason that the said Melkana was never converted ; and since We
are unwilling that wrong be done to the said Aaron in the premises,
We command you, that, if by inquest, or in any other lawful way,
you may be satisfied that the said Melkana is not converted, and
that We are not able to claim the moiety of the said messuage for
any other cause, save only the conversion aforesaid, and the said
Aaron shall have shown you our father King Henry's confirmation,
made, upon purchase of the moiety of the said messuage, to Hagin,
son of Master Moses, Jew, from which Hagin the said Aaron
bought, so it is said, the said moiety of the said messuage ; then you
permit the said Aaron to have peace touching the said plea, and this
omit not, though the said Aaron may have vouched the said Hagin
to warranty. Witness Myself at Windsor on the 25th day of May
in the fifth year of our reign. In pursuance of which mandate the
Sheriffs of London were commanded, that they cause to come before
etc., twelve etc. of the City of London, and twelve lawful Jews, to re-
100 SCACCARIUM JUDEOROI
ad recognoscenduin veritatem in preinissis. Que quidem inquisicio
venit per Eobertum Hauteyn, Willelmum Knight, Galfridum Le
Batur, Eobertum Le Crespin, Johannem Le Batur, Bogerum Le
Chaundeler, Johannem Attechirche, Thomarn Le Pundur, Thomani de
La Cornere, Johannem Le Cofrer, Eobertum Senehod, et Yrynot Le
Bokeler, Christianos ; et per Salamonem Bunting, Sampsonem, filium
Yives, Cressandin, Isaac de Oxonia, Diei le Eveske, Manserum le
Eveske, Joceum Le Levere, Manserum La Pape, Eliam de Cornhill',
Benedictum, filium Cok, Isaac le Eveske, et Gamaliel de Oxonia,
Judeos. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod predicta Mel-
kana numquam fuit Christiana nee conversa, set a tempore nativitatis
sue Judea fuit, et adhuc est. Ideo consideratum est, quod Dominus
Bex nichil capiat per breve istud, set predictus Aaron predictum
messuagium in pace retineat.
DE TEBMINO S. MICHAELIS ANNO QUINTO INCIPIENTE
SEXTO.
not. dg, Cum Samuel, films Sampsonis, et Genta, uxor ejus, exigerent de
m. 3, dorso. ' L ' ' J > to
Dorset. Bicardo de Loverle, et Joscea, uxore ejus, sicut patet in Termino
Pasche proximo preterito, occasione enjusdam partis terrarum que
fuerunt Willelmi Poynz, quam tenent, xxvm., et iidem Bicardus et
Joscea venerunt coram Justiciariis et recognoverunt se esse tenentes
quandam partem terrarum que fuerunt predicti Willelmi, et per
auxiliam Curie vocaverunt ad warantum Johannem, filium Willelmi
Befegeray, qui ipsos inde acquietare debet, ut dicunt ; propter quod
preceptum fuit Yicecomiti Somersete et Dorsete, quod ipsum venire
faceret ad acquietandum etc. in octabis S. Trinitatis ; ad quem diem
nichil factum fuit propter statum Wallie : ideo preceptum fuit Yice-
comiti, quod venire faceret predictum Johannem ad acquietandum
etc. in octabis S. Michaelis, et quod venire faceret predictos Bicardum
et Josceam ad audiendum recordum et judicium suum in loquela
predicta. Ad quem diem predicti Samuel et Genta per attornatum
suum venerunt, et predicti Bicardus et Joscea non venerunt, nee
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1277 100
cognise the truth in the premises. Which inquest came by Robert
Hauteyn, William Knight, Geoffrey Le Batur, Robert Le Crespin, John
Le Batur, Roger Le Chandler, John A'Church, Thomas Le Pundur,
Thomas La Corner, John Le Coffrer, Robert Senehod, and Vrynot
Le Bokeler, Christians ; and by Solomon Bunting, Sampson, son of
Vives, Cressandin, Isaac of Oxford, Diaia le Eveske, Manser le
Eveske, Joce Le Levere, Manser La Pape, Elias of Cornhill, Benedict,
son of Cok, Isaac le Eveske, and Gamaliel of Oxford, Jews. W7ho say
upon their oath, that the said Melkana was never a Christian or a
convert, but from the time of her birth has been and still is a
Jewess. Therefore it is adjudged, that our Lord the King take nothing
by this writ, but the said Aaron retain the said messuage in peace.1
MICHAELMAS TERM IN THE FIFTH AND THE BEGINNING
OF THE SIXTH YEAR. [a.d. 1277-8.]
Whereas Samuel, son of Sampson, and Genta, his wife, demanded
from Richard de Loverley 2 and Joice, his wife, as appears in the roll
of Easter Term last past, 25 marks, in regard of part of the lands which
belonged to William Poinz, which they hold, and the said Richard
and Joice came before the Justices and acknowledged, that they are
tenants of part of the lands which belonged to the said William, and
by aid of the Court vouched to warranty John, son of William
Refegeray, who is bound thereof to acquit them — so they say ; for
which cause the Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset was commanded, that
he cause him to come to acquit them etc. on the octave of Holy
Trinity ; on which day nothing was done by reason of the state of
Wales : therefore the Sheriff was commanded, that he cause the said
John to come to acquit them etc. on the octave of St. Michael,
and that he cause the said Richard and Joice to come to hear the
record and their judgment in the said cause. On which day the
said Samuel and Genta came by their attorney, and the said
Richard and Joice did not come, nor did the said John come. And
1 The house had apparently been held entire house. Melkana had assigned her
by Sakerell and Melkana as man and wife moiety to Hagin, after the date of her
in joint tenancy, which would have been supposed conversion, and he in his turn
severed by Melkana's conversion during the had assigned it to Aaron. Rot. 21 (Mich,
lifetime of her husband, the wife's moiety 3-4 Ed. I.), m. 6, dorso ; Eot. 23 (Easter, 5
alone escheating. Had Sakerell been the Ed. I.), m. 6.
convert, the Crown would have claimed the - Cf. Hutchins, Dorset, 3rd ed. iii. 511.
101 SCACCARIUM JUDEORTJM
eciam predictus Johannes venit. Et predicti Judei petunt judicium
de defalta predictorum Kicardi et Joscee, qui vocaverunt ad warantum
predictum Johanneni de acquietancia predicti debiti, et de hoc, quod
non prosequuntur versus warantum suum. Et quia iidem Ricardus
et Joscea, qui vocaverunt ad warantum predictum Johanneni, non
venerunt, nee prosecuti sunt versus warantum suum ; ideo con-
sideratum est, quod predicti Judei habeant recuperare suum versus
predictos Eicardum et Josceam de predictis xxv m. secundum Assisam
et Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri, et predicti Ricardus et Joscea
sint in misericordia. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti, quod habere faciat
predictis Samueli et Gente seisinam medietatis terrarum et tenemen-
torum que fuerunt predicti Willelmi, de quibus iidem Ricardus et
Joscea nunc habent seisinam, et seisinam medietatis catallorum in
eisdem terris inventorum, ad valenciam predictarum xxv m., et ipsos
etc. quosque etc.
PLACITA DE OCTABIS S. HILLARII ANNO SEXTO.
Rot. 27,t Josceus, filius Deulecresse, et Leo, filius Bonenfaunt, attachiati ad
respondendum Johanni filio Hervici, de placito transgressionis, et
unde queritur, quod, cum idem Josceus nuper breve Regis detulisset
Vicecomiti Norfolcie, ad habendum medietatem catallorum ipsius Jo-
hannis pro debito quod idem Judeus ab eo exigebat, dictus Josceus una
cum Leone, filio Bonenfaunt, Judeo, die Jovis proxima post festum
Natalis B. Marie anno regni Regis Edwardi quinto, catalla predicti
Johannis, apud Hemstede existencia, ad valenciam lx s. ultra
medietatem predictam cepit et asportavit, contra Assisam et Provi-
sionem factam de Judaismo, et ad dampnum suum, c s.
Predictus Josceus, per attornatum suum, et Leo, filius Bonen-
faunt, defendunt vim, etc. et bene recognoscunt, quod idem Josceus
percepit c s. de bonis et catallis ipsius Johannis ; set dicunt, quod ea
percepit de consensu et bona voluntate ipsius Johannis, eo quod, cum
idem Josceus detulisset Vicecomiti predicto breve Regis, ac cum iidem
Judei venissent cum ballivo Regis, scilicet, Johanne de Wytendona, ad
habendum medietatem catallorum dicti Johannis pro predicto debito,
idem Johannes non permisit, quod bona et catalla sua appreciata
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1277-8 101
the said Jews crave judgment touching the default of the said
Richard and Joice, in that they vouched to warranty the said John
for the acquittance of the said debt, and do not proceed against their
warrantor. And because the said Richard and Joice, who vouched
to warranty the said John, have not corne and proceeded against
their warrantor ; therefore it is adjudged, that the said Jews do
recover the said 25 marks against the said Richard and Joice
according to the Assize and Custom of Jewry, and that the said
Richard and Joice be in mercy. And the Sheriff is commanded,
that he cause the said Samuel and Genta to have seisin of the moiety
of the lands and tenements which belonged to the said William,
whereof the said Richard and Joice now have seisin, and also seisin
of the moiety of the chattels found on the said lands, to the value of
the said 25 marks, and them etc. until etc.1
PLEAS OF THE OCTAVE OF ST. HILARY IN THE SIXTH
YEAR. [a.d. 1278.]
Joce, son of Deulecresse, and Leo, son of Bonenfaunt, attached
to answer John Fitzllervey, touching a plea of trespass, whereof
he complains, that the said Joce, having of late brought to the
Sheriff of Norfolk a writ of the King, to have the moiety of the
chattels of him, John, for a debt which the said Jew claimed of him,
the said Joce with Leo, son of Bonenfaunt, Jew, on the Thursday
next after the feast of the Nativity of Blessed Mary in the fifth year
of the reign of King Edward, took and carried off chattels of the said
John, being at Hempstead, to the value of 60s., besides the moiety
aforesaid, against the Assize and Provision 2 made touching the Jewry,
and to his damage, 100s.
The said Joce, by his attorney, and Leo, son of Bonenfaunt, make
defence to the force etc. and acknowledge for sure, that the said Joce
did get 100 shillings' worth of the goods and chattels of him, John ; but
they say, that he got them by consent and good pleasure of him, John,
for that when the said Joce had brought the writ of the King to the
said Sheriff, and when the said Jews had come with the bailiff of the
King, to wit, John de Wytendon, to have the moiety of the chattels of
the said John for the debt aforesaid, the said John did not suffer his
1 Pursuant to the Statute of Jewry, '-' The statute mentioned in the pre-
3 Ed. I., 1274-5. Cf. the next case and In- ceding note,
traduction, p. xxviii.
102 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
essent et divisa, set de bona voluntate sua et absque aliqua dis-
triccione liberavit eideni Judeo c s. bonorum et catallorum suorum
sub certa forma, videlicet, quod si idem Johannes solveret eidem Judeo
c s. infra certum terminum ad hoc inter eos provisum et assignatum,
videlicet, infra proximum Comitatum tentum apud Norwicum post
predictum diem Jovis, tunc idem Judeus predicta bona et catalla
retornaret, et eidem Johanni rehabere faceret ; et hoc offert etc.
Predictus Johannes dicit, quod dictus Judeus numquam de
consensu vel bona voluntate sua predicta catalla percepit, nee um-
quam sub forma predicta predicta bona et catalla eidem Judeo liberavit ;
et de hoc ponit se super patriam. Et predicti Judei similiter. Ideo
preceptum est Vicecomiti, quod venire faciat coram etc., a die Pasche
in xv dies etc., xij etc., tarn Christianos quarn Judeos etc., qui nulla
affinitate etc., ad recognoscendum etc., nisi Hamo Hauteyn vel
Eobertus de Ludham interim etc.
Eobertus Eynel fecit venire Mosseum, filium Jacobi, cum ciro-
grapho, tallia etc. ad compotum etc. Predictus Judeus venit et
exigit ab eodem Eoberto iiijsxl., et xl 1. de lucro, per quandam cartam
dictum debitum continentem, in hec verba : — Noverint universi quod
ego, Eobertus Eynel, de Crendon in Comitatu Bukingham', debeo Bene-
dicto, filio Jacobi, de Oxonia, Judeo, quater xx 1. sterlingorum, eidem
reddendas ad festum Pentecostes anno regni Eegis Edwardi, filii
Eegis Henrici, secundo, et si tunc illas non reddidero, debeo ei
singulis septimanis pro qualibet libra ij d. de lucro, quamdiu per
gran turn ejus illas tenuero ; et ideo invadiavi ei omnes terras meas,
tenementa et redditus etc. : actum die Innocentium anno predicto.
Predictus Eobertus dicit, quod predictum cirographum est factum
suum, et nichil potest, quin teneatur in predictis iiiixx 1., set quoad pre-
dictum lucrum dicit, quod predictus Judeus nullum lucrum exigere
potest, eo quod dictum cirographum captum fuit pro tallagio ipsius
Judei, et remansit in Thesauro Eegis a tempore quo dictum lucrum
emersisse debuit usque ad diem quo, per Statuta Eegis de Judaismo,
inhibitum fuit ne usure caperentur per quoscunque Judeos.
Et predictus Judeus dicit, quod, licet predictum debitum in manum
Eegis fuisset captum pro tallagio ipsius Judei, tamen idem debitum
non fuit proprium debitum Eegis, set tantum vadium suum pro dicto
tallagio ; propter quod sibi videtur, quod ei nocere non debet capcio
ipsius debiti in manum Eegis, quin usuram capere debeat de tempore
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1378 102
goods and chattels to be appraised and divided, but of his good plea-
sure and without any distraint delivered 100 shillings' worth of his
goods and chattels to the said Jew under a certain condition, to wit,
that, if the said John should pay the said Jew 100s. before a
certain term therefor provided and assigned between them, to wit,
before the next County Court held at Norwich after the said Thursday,
then the said Jew should return the said goods and chattels, and
cause the said John to have them again ; and this he offers etc.
The said John says, that the said Jew never got the said chattels
by his consent or good pleasure, nor did he ever deliver the said
goods and chattels to the said Jew under the condition aforesaid ;
and touching this he puts himself upon the country. And the said
Jews likewise. Therefore the Sheriff is commanded, that he cause to
come before etc., on Easter quindene etc., twelve etc., as well
Christians as Jews etc., who by no affinity etc., to recognise etc.,
unless Hamo Hauteyn or Eobert de Ludham in the meantime etc.
Kobert Rynel caused Moses, son of Jacob, to come with chiro-
graph, tally etc. to account etc. The said Jew comes and demands
of the said Robert £80, and £40 interest, by a certain charter con-
taining the said debt, to this effect : — Know all that I, Robert Rynel,
of Crendon in the County of Buckingham, owe Benedict, son of
Jacob, of Oxford, Jew, £80 sterling, payable at Pentecost in the
second year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry, and if
I shall then make default, I owe him week by week for each pound
two pence of interest, as long as I shall hold them by his grant ; and
so I have given him in gage all my lands, tenements and rents etc. :
done on Innocents' Day in the year aforesaid.
The said Robert says, that the said chirograph is his deed, and he
cannot deny, that he is bound in the said £80, but as to the said
interest he says, that the said Jew cannot claim any interest, for that
the said chirograph was taken for his, the Jew's, talliage, and remained
in the King's Treasury from the time when that interest should have
arisen to the day when, by the King's Statutes of Jewry,1 usury was
forbidden to be taken by any Jew whomsoever.
And the said Jew says that, though the said debt was taken into
the King's hand for his, the Jew's, talliage, yet the said debt was not
a debt owing to the King himself, but was only his gage for the said
talliage ; for which cause he deems, that the taking of the debt into
the King's hand ought not to disadvantage him so as that he should
1 The same statute, the several enactments being reckoned each a statute.
103 SCACCAEIUM JUDEOKUM
supradicto ; et de hoc ponit se super discrecionem Justiciariorum.
Et quia satis liquet ex cognicione dicti Judei, quod predictum debitum
captum fuit in manuni Regis pro tallagio ipsius Judei, positum fuit
in Thesauro Regis apud Westnionasteriuui, et infra Thesaurum fuit per
multum tempus, quo tempore nulla usura emergere potuit ; ideo con-
sideration est, quod predictus Judeus nichil usure capiat de tempore
predicto, set quod habeat usuram a die quo predictum debitum solvisse
debuit usque ad capcionem ejusdem debiti in manum Regis, a die quo
dicta carta liberata fuit predicto Judeo usque ad diem confectionis
predicti Statuti.
PLACITA DE MENSE ET QUINQUE SEPTIMANIS PASCHE.
Rot. 29, Frater Henricus de "Wynepol, unus de Conventu Fratrum de Monte
OXlill.
Carmel, Oxonie, venit coram etc., et exigit nomine Fratrum predictorum
de Margarina, Judea, Oxonie, que presens fuit, tres libros eidem Judee
per ipsos Fratres invadiatos, videlicet, Epistolas Pauli glosatas, precii
xl s., Matheum glosatum, precii vij s., et Sententias,1 precii x s. ; quos
injuste detinet ad dampnum ipsorum Fratrum, xx 1.
Et predicta Margarina venit sine brevi et defendit etc. et precise
dixit, quod hujusmodi libros numquam habuit de eisdem Fratribus,
nee habet, nee aliquos alios libros ; et de hoc ponit se super patriam.
Et predicti Fratres, quod eadem Margarina predictos libros habuit,
ponunt se similiter super patriam. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti,
quod per sacramentum etc. xij, tam Christianorum etc., inquirat etc.,
et inquisicionem etc. scire faciat etc. a die S. Johannis in xv dies etc.
Ad quern diem retornata fuit inquisicio, in qua continetur, quod
Christiani et Judei concordare non potuerunt, quia Christiani dicunt,
quod prefati Fratres invadiarunt prefate Margarine libros quos ab
ipsa petunt, set precium eorundem ignorant, et Judei dicunt con-
trarium. Et quia Justiciarii recordantur, quod dicta Margarina coram
eis recognovit, quod predictos libros a dictis Fratribus in vadium
1 Doubtless the theological treatise, so entitled, by Peter Lombard.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1278 103
not take usury for the time aforesaid ; and touching this he puts him-
self upon the discretion of the Justices. And since it is quite plaii
from the acknowledgment of the said Jew that the said debt was taken
into the King's hand for his, the Jew's, talliage, was placed in the
King's Treasury at Westminster, and was in the Treasury for a long
time, during which time no usury could arise ; therefore it is adjudged,
that the said Jew take no usury of the time aforesaid, but that he
have usury from the day when the debtor ought to have paid the debt
until the debt was taken into the King's hand, and from the day
when the said charter was delivered to the said Jew until the day
when the said Statute was made.1
EASTER MONTH AND FIVE WEEKS.
Brother Henry de Wimpole, one of the Brothers of the Convent of
Mount Carmel at Oxford, comes before etc. and in the name of the
Brotherhood aforesaid demands from Margarina, Jewess, of Oxford,
who was present, three books pledged to her by the Brotherhood, to
wit, St. Paul's Epistles with glosses, value 40s., St. Matthew with
glosses, value 7s., and the Sentences with glosses, value 10s. ; which
books she unlawfully detains against the Brotherhood, to their damage,
£20.
And the said Margarina came without writ and defended etc.
and said in set terms, that she never had any such books from the
said Brothers, nor has them, or any other books ; and as to this she
puts herself upon the country. And that the said Margarina had the
said books, thereof the said Brothers likewise put themselves upon
the country. So the Sheriff is commanded, that by oath etc. of 12,
as well Christians etc., he inquire etc., and notify the inquest etc. on
the quindene of St. John etc. On which day return was made of the
inquest, in which it is recorded, that the Christians and Jews were
not able to agree, since the Christians say, that the said Brothers gave
the said Margarina the books which they claim, in pledge, but they
do not know their value, and the Jews say the contrary. And
because the Justices record, that the said Margarina acknowledged
before them, that she received the said books from the said Brothers
1 The debtor had evidently overstated introduce a measure of equity into the
his case. The debt had not been taken administration of justice. As only the
into the King's hand quite so early or re- principal money was applicable ' ad opus
mained in the King's hand quite so long as Regis,' the accruer of interest 'ad opus
he had represented. The contention of the Judasi ' ought not to have been affected.
Jew is interesting as an early attempt to
104 SCACCAKIOI JUDEORUM
recepit, et postea per lapsum temporis eos vendidit, preceptum est
Viceconiiti, quod per sacramentum etc., tarn Christianorum quam
Judeorum, per quos etc., diligenter inquirat, quantum singuli libri
valuerint tempore invadiacionis predicte, et inquisicionem etc. scire
faciat Justiciariis etc. in crastino S. Jacobi. Ad quern diem partes
venerunt. Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod retornavit breve ballivis
Liber tatis Oxonie, qui nichil hide fecerunt. Et ideo preceptum est ei,
quod non omittat propter Libertatem etc., quin earn etc., et inquirat
etc., ut supra, et inquisicionem etc. habeat coram etc. a die
S. Michaelis in xv dies etc.
Isabella de Lokerle appellat Cresseum, filium Lumbardi, de
Windesora, quod cum ipsa Isabella, in pace Dei et Eegis, fuisset
in Wiltonia die Jovis proxima post festum S. Mathei Apostoli, hora
ignitegii, anno regni Eegis nunc sexto, et per vicum de Eastrete
in parte orientali pontis do Halbrigge, in eadem villa, transisset,
predictus Cresseus eandem Isabellam felonice insultavit, et earn tam-
quam felonus depredabatur de una supertunica de blueto, furrata de
strandling, precii xv s., et de quadam alia supertunica de viridi, furrata
de scirell, precii vj s. ; et postea idem Cresseus, de felonia ista non
contentus, predictam Isabellam tota vi sua in domum suam propriam
in qua habitavit in Eastrete traxit, et ipsam invite intrare fecit in
domum illam, et statim ipsam in quodam celario in domo sua ex
parte orientali traxit, et tanquam felonus ipsam ad terrain prostravit,
et guttur suum strinxit, et vi sua gambas ipsius Isabelle cum manu
sua sinistra felonice aperuit, et ipsam ibidem, contra pacem Domini
Regis, vi oppressit et sanguinolentam fecit ; et hoc offer t etc.
Predictus Cresseus venit et defendit omnem feloniam etc., et quod
in nullo inde est culpabilis, ponit se super patriam ; et predicta
Isabella similiter. Ideo preceptum est Viceconiiti, quod venire faciat
coram etc., a die S. Trinitatis in xv dies, xij Christianos de Wiltonia
et xij Judeos, tarn de villa de Wiltonia quam alibi de Comitatu suo, qui
nulla affinitate etc. ; quia tarn etc. Ad quern diem dictus Judeus venit,
et prefata Isabella non venit. Ideo consideratum est, quod Judeus eat
inde sine die. Et idem Judeus dat Regi pro secta sua relaxanda
dim. m.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1278 104
in pledge, and afterwards by reason of lapse of time sold them, therefore
the Sheriff is commanded, that by oath etc. of twelve, as well Christians
as Jews, by whom etc., he diligently inquire, how much each of the
books was worth at the time when they were so given in pledge, and
notify the inquest etc. to the Justices etc. on the morrow of St. James.
On which day the parties came. And the Sheriff sent word, that he
returned the writ to the bailiffs of the Liberty of Oxford, who did
nought in execution thereof. And so he is commanded, that he
omit not, by reason of the Liberty etc., to enter and inquire etc., as
above, and have the inquest etc. before etc. on the quindene of St.
Michael etc.1
Isabel de Lockerley appeals Cresse, son of Lumbard, of Windsor,
for that she, Isabel, being at Wilton in the peace of God and the
King at curfew on Thursday next after the feast of St. Matthew the
Apostle in the sixth year of the reign of the present King, and
being on the east side of Alburga (?) Bridge, having come through
East Street, in the same town, the said Cresse feloniously set upon
the said Isabel, and feloniously despoiled her of a cloak of bluet,
trimmed with strandling - fur, value 15s., and of another cloak, to wit,
of vert, trimmed with squirrel fur, value 6s. ; and afterwards the said
Cresse, not content with this felony, did with all his might drag the
said Isabel to his own house in which he dwelt in East Street, and
did force her to enter that house, and in a cellar on the east side of
his house did her forthwith drag and feloniously throw to the ground,
and grip by the throat, and did feloniously with his left hand force
her legs apart, and did there, against our Lord the King's peace,
violate her and cause her to bleed ; and this she offers etc.
The said Cresse comes and makes defence to all the felony etc.,
and denies, that he is guilty of any of it ; and as to this he puts
himself upon the country ; and the said Isabel likewise. So the
Sheriff is commanded, that he cause to come before etc., on Holy
Trinity quindene, twelve Christians of Wilton and twelve Jews, as well
of the town of Wilton as of the rest of his County, who by no affinity
etc. ; because as well etc. On which day the said Jew came, and the
said Isabel did not come. So it is adjudged, that the Jew go thereof
without day. And the said Jew gives the King | mark for release of
his suit.3
1 The omission in this case to alter the vision in question was not at this date in
composition of the jury in accordance with force,
the provision contained in the so-called - See Glossary.
statute printed in Appendix V., p. lix 3 The felony was apparently corn-
supra, is presumptive evidence that the pro- pounded.
105 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
DE TERMINO S. TRINITATIS.
Rot. 30, m. s. Inquisicio facta cle terris, redditibus, domibus et aliis tene-
ments, que Haginus, filius Magistri Mossei, habuit infra Civitatem
Londonie tercio die Maii anno regni Eegis Edwardi tercio, per
Eobertum de Muntpelers, Johannem Le Cofrer, et alios Christianos,
et per Aaron de La Rye, Isaac le Eveske, et alios Judeos, prout
patet inter inquisiciones in hoc Termino retornatas etc. Qui clicunt
super sacramentum suum, quod predictus Haginus predictis die et
anno habuit quoddam mesuagium in Londonia, quod se abutat super
vicum de Colechurchstrete, versus Orientein, et super vicum de
Ismongerelane, versus Occidentem, et super Murum Londonie versus
Cimiterium S. Martini de Ismongerelane, versus Austrum, et super
domos Cok, filii Hagini, que se abutant super vicum de Cattestrete,
versus Aquilonem. Et quia suspicio habebatur super domibus predicti
Cok quas tenet ibidem, quod essent predictis die et anno prefati Hagini,
pro eo quod idem Haginus habuit liberum ingressum et exitum per
medias domos prefati Cok, quas tenet, per quoddam posternum quod
se extendit a predicto capitali mesuagio prefati Hagini, requisiti sunt,
a quo, seu a quibus, predictus Cok feoffatus fuit de predictis domibus
quas ibidem tenet, et si predictus Haginus feodum vel liberum tenemen-
tum habuit in predictis domibus, quas Cok, filius ejus, modo tenet, die et
anno supradictis. Dicunt, quod predictus Cok, filius predicti Hagini,
feoffatus fuit de predictis domibus, quas tenet, per multum tempus ante
diem et annum supradictos per diversas particulas quas emit de
Deudone, filio Isaac, et Jacobo Le Clerk, et predictus Haginus num-
quam feodum vel liberum tenementum habuit in predictis domibus,
set quod idem Haginus ingressum et exitum habuit per medias domos
ipsius Cok per posternum ipsius Hagini, usque ad scolas que adhuc
sunt in predictis domibus ipsius Cok, tantummodo ex licencia et
voluntate ipsius Cok, et non aliter.
ib.m.9. Hake de Cantuaria et Abraham de Dorking, rettati de morte
Mathei de Okham, interfecti in vico S. Laurentii in Judaismo, sicut
patet inter Memoranda hujus Termini, posuerunt se super patriam,
quod non sunt culpabiles de morte predicta ; unde venit inquisicio per
Henricum Le Rus, Alexandrum Le Taylur, Andream Le Orfevre, et
alios Christianos, et per Salomonem Bunting, Eliam de CornhilP,
et alios Judeos, qui clicunt super sacramentum suum, quod predicti
Hake et Abraham non sunt culpabiles de morte predicti Mathei.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1278 105
HOLY TRINITY TERM.
Inquest made touching the lands, rents, houses, and other
tenements, which Hagin, son of Master Moses, had within the City of
London on the third day of May in the third year of the reign
of King Edward, by Robert de Montpelier, John Le Coffrer, and
other Christians, and by Aaron of Rye, Isaac le Eveske, and other
Jews, as appears among the returns of the inquests of this Term.
Who say upon their oath, that the said Hagin on the said day in the
said year had a messuage in London abutting upon Colechurch
Street, towards the East, and upon Ironmonger Lane, towards the West,
and upon London Wall towards St. Martin's Cemetery, Ironmonger
Lane, towards the South, and upon the houses of Cok, son of Hagin,
which abut upon Catte Street, towards the North. And whereas in
regard to the houses there held by the said Cok it was suspected, that
on the said day in the said year they belonged to the said Hagin,
because the said Hagin had free ingress into and passage through and
egress from the houses held by the said Cok, by a postern issuing from
the said Hagin's capital messuage, they are asked, by whom, one
or several, the said Cok was enfeoffed of the said houses there held by
him, and whether the said Hagin had fee or free tenement in the said
houses which Cok, his son, now holds, on the said day in the year
aforesaid. They say, that the said Cok, son of the said Hagin, was
enfeoffed of the said houses, which he holds, for a long time before the
said day in the year aforesaid by several parcels which he bought from
Deudone, son of Isaac, and Jacob Le Clerk, and the said Hagin had
never fee or free tenement in the said houses, but that the said Hagin
had ingress into and passage through and egress from the houses of
him, Cok, by his, Hagin's, postern, as far as the synagogues which are
still in his, Cok's, said houses, by his, Cok's, mere license and good
pleasure, and no otherwise.
Hak of Canterbury and Abraham of Dorking, charged with the
death of Matthew of Ockham, slain in St. Laurence Lane in the
Jewry, as appears among the Memoranda of this Term, put them-
selves upon the country, that they are not guilty of the said death ;
whereof the inquest came by Henry Rous, Alexander Taylor, Andrew
Goldsmith, and other Christians, and by Solomon Bunting, Elias of
Cornhill, and other Jews, who say upon their oath, that the said Hak
and Abraham are not guilty of the death of the said Matthew. Asked,
106 SCACCAEIUM JODEOKOM
Requisiti, si scirent quis vel qui essent culpabiles de mortc predicta,
dicunt, quod nesciunt, eo quod idem Matheus noctanter ibat solus per
medium vicum S. Laurentii, et quidam malefactores ipsum insulta-
verunt et vulneraverunt ; qui vixit postmodum per tres septimanas,
qui, licet per amicos suos et vicinos sepius fuisset requisitus, qui
ipsum sic insultarunt, confitebatur, quod hoc penitus ignorabat. Ideo
consideratum est, quod prefati Hake et Abraham de retto mortis
predicte sunt quieti.
DE TEEMINO S. TRINITATIS ANNO SEPTIMO.
Joel de Bloye, aurifaber, fecit venire Cresseum, filium Cressei,
Judeuni, et queritur, quod ei injuste detinet unum ciphum argenteum
deauratum, precii quinque marcarum, quem eidem Judeo hnpigno-
ravit pro xx s., de quibus solvit eidem xvj s., et unde queritur, quod
cum ipse exivisset ad domum dicti Judei ad solvendum quatuor
solidos residuos ad plenam solucionem predictorum xx s. faciendam,
idem Cresse maliciose se absentavit, in detencionem dicti vadii, ad
dampnum ipsius Joel, xl s.
Cresseus venit et defendit vim etc. et recognovit, se dictum
ciphum recepisse in vadium pro xlvj s., de quibus recepit xvj s., et
restant xxx s. solvendi de dicto debito. Et prefatus Joel dicit, quod
non habuit super dictum vadium nisi xx s., sicut predictum est ; et de
hoc ponit se super patriam. Et Judeus dicit, quod non debet ponere
se super patriam de catallo suo. Et quia recognovit se recepisse
dictum vadium per partem debiti sibi restitutam, consideratum est,
quod Veritas in premissis inquiratur. Et preceptum est Constabulario
Turris Londonie, quod venire faciat coram etc., die Lune proxima post
Translacionem S. Thome Martyris, xij legales Judeos ; et preceptum
fuit Yieecomitibus Londonie, quod venire facerent ad eundem diem xij
probos et legales homines de visneto vici S. Laurencii, qui nulla
affinitate etc., ad recognoscendum etc. Ad quem diem inquisicio
venit per Johannem Le Coffrere, Martinum Le Botiler, et alios
Christianos, sicut patet inter brevia hujus Termini retornata, qui
quidem Christiani, propter Libertatem Londonie, onerantur de
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1279 106
whether they knew who was or were guilty of the said death, they say,
that they know not, by reason that the said Matthew was going by
night alone along St. Laurence Lane, in the middle of the road, when
certain malefactors sprang upon and wounded him ; and though he
lived for three weeks after, and was often asked by his friends and
neighbours, who they were that thus sprang upon him, he confessed,
that he knew nought thereof. Therefore it is adjudged, that the
said Hak and Abraham are quit of the charge of the said death.
HOLY TRINITY TEEM IN THE SEVENTH YEAE. [a.d. 1279.]
Joel of Blois, goldsmith, caused to come Cresse, son of Cresse,
Jew, and complains, that he detains against him unlawfully a bowl
of silver encrusted with gold, value 5 marks, which he pledged with
the said Jew for 20s., whereof he paid him 16s., and afterwards went
to the house of the said Jew to pay the 4s. that remained to complete
the payment of the said 20s. ; but, so he complains, the said Cresse
wickedly absented himself, with intent and to the effect of detaining
the said pledge, to the damage of him, Joel, 40s.
Cresse came and made defence to the force etc. and acknowledged,
that he received the said bowl in pledge for 46s., whereof he
received 16s., and there remain 30s. to be paid on account of the said
debt. And the said Joel says, that he had the said pledge for no more
than 20s., as aforesaid ; and as to this he puts himself upon the
country. And the Jew says, that he is not bound to put himself
upon the country touching his principal.1 And because he acknow-
ledged, that he received the said pledge for a loan which in part was
repaid him, it is adjudged, that inquest be had of the truth in
the premises. And the Constable of the Tower of London is com-
manded, that he cause to come before etc., on the Monday next after
the Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr, twelve lawful Jews ; and
the Sheriffs of London are commanded, that they cause to come on the
same day twelve true and lawful men of the venue of St. Laurence Lane,
who by no affinity etc., to recognise etc. On which day the inquest
came by John Le Coffrer, Martin Le Butler, and other Christians, as
appears among the returns of the writs of this Term, which Christians,
by reason of the Liberty of London, are charged with the duty of
1 The law probably was that the princi- creditor but of the Crown, before the ease
pal must be secured to the satisfaction of went to the country,
the Justices, for the protection not of the
107 SCAOCAETUM JUDEORUM
veritate clicenda super sacramenturn quod Eegi feeerint ; et per
Sampsoneni de Staundona, Eliam de Cornhill, et alios, Judeos,
juratos, sicut patet inter brevia predicta. Qui dicunt super sacra-
menturn suum, quod, cum prefatus Joel impignorasset quoddam
firmaculum aureum, precii viij m., Cresseo, filio Cressei, pro xlvj s.,
per manum Jocei Bundi, postea dictus Joel tradidit dicto Judeo unum
ciphum argenteum 'deauratum, precii v m., pro predictis xlvj s., et
extraxit firmaculum predictum, et in parte solucionis predicti debiti
idem Joel solvit prefato Judeo xvj s. tantum. Ideo consideration est,
quod dictus Judeus teneat vadium suum donee de xxxs., qui ei a retro
sunt, fuerit satisfactum.
DE TEBMINO S. HILLAEII ANNO OCTAVO.
Rot.35,m.o. Walterus de Kancia, attornatus Begine-Consortis, fecit venire
Copinum de Troyes, mercatorem, et exigit ab eo ad opus predicte
Begine v anulos aureos, et iij anulos aureos alios majores, cum saphiris
et aliis lapidibus preciosis, precii x 1., quos Jacobus de Oxonia, Judeus,
sibi tradidit custodiendos, cujus bona et catalla Bex dedit predicte
Begine etc.1
Predictus Copinus venit et recognovit se recepisse de catallis pre-
dicti Jacobi predictos anulos in vadium pro xxij s. et vj d., per talliam
hac condicione, quod, si aliquis dictam pecuniam cum dicta tallia sibi
defcrret, predictos anulos ei traderet ; et postea Benedictus, filius pre-
dicti Jacobi, predictos xxij s. vj d. et dictam talliam sibi attulit, et idem
Copinus dictos denarios recepit, et predictos viij anulos predicto Bene-
dicto tradidit, et talliam hide confectam fregit.
Predictus Benedictus venit et defendit totum etc. et elicit, quod
predictos denarios cum dicta tallia hide confecta, sicut dictus Copinus
elicit, ei non portavit, nee dictos viij anulos recepit ab eo, nee eos vidit,
et de hoc paratus est facere etc. secundum Legem Judaismi, et vadiare
hide dicto Copino legem ; quani statim fecit de omnibus articulis pre-
nominatis. Ideo consideratum est, quod dictus Benedictus hide sit
quietus, et dictus Copinus de precio dictorum viij anulorum respon-
deat. Et quia dictus Copinus elicit, quod predictos anulos, quando ei
impignorabantur pro predictis xxij s. vj d., vicinis suis monstravit, pre-
ceptum est Yicecomitibus Londonie, quod venire faciant coram etc., in
1 For default in payment of talliage, as He was a son of Master Moses, and thus
appears from a contemporaneous record. brother of Chief Rabbi Hagin.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1280 107
finding verdict upon the oath which they have sworn to the King ;
and by Sampson of Standon, Elias of Cornhill, and others, Jews,
sworn, as appears among the writs aforesaid. Who say upon their oath
that the said Joel, having pledged a gold buckle, value 8 marks, to
Cresse, son of Cresse, for 46s., by the hand of Joce Bundy, did after-
wards deliver to the said Jew a bowl of silver encrusted with gold,
value 5 marks, by way of pledge for the said 46s., and took away the
said buckle, and in part payment of the said debt did also pay the said
Jew 16s., and no more. So it is adjudged, that the said Jew hold his
pledge until his claim for the 30s., which are in arrear, be discharged.
HILARY TERM IN THE EIGHTH YEAR. [a.d. mo.]
Walter de Kent, attorney of the Queen-Consort, caused to come
Copin of Troyes, merchant, and demands from him to the use of the
said Queen five gold rings, and three other gold rings of a larger size,
set with sapphires and other precious stones, value ^10, which were
given into his keeping by Jacob of Oxford, Jew, whose goods and
chattels the King gave to the said Queen etc.
The said Copin came and acknowledged, that of the chattels of
the said Jacob he received the said rings by way of pledge for 22s. 6d.,
by tally on condition, that he should deliver the said rings to
whoever should bring him the said money with the said tally ; and
afterwards Benedict, son of the said Jacob, brought him the said
22s. 6d. and the said tally, and he, the said Copin, received the said
money, and delivered the said eight rings to the said Benedict, and
broke the tally thereof made.
The said Benedict comes and defends it all etc. and says, that he
neither brought Copin the said money with the said tally thereof
made, as the said Copin says, nor received from him the said eight
rings, nor saw them ; and touching this he is ready to do etc. accord-
ing to the Law of Jewry, and to wage the said Copin thereof law ;
which he made forthwith touching all the points aforesaid. So it is
adjudged, that the said Benedict be quit thereof, and that the said
Copin answer for the value of the said eight rings. And because the
said Copin says, that, when the said rings were pledged with him for
the said 22s. 6d., he showed them to his neighbours, the Sheriffs of
London are commanded to cause to come before etc., on the morrow of
108 SCACOARIUM JUDEOEUM
crastino Cinerum, xij. probos etc. de warda Nicholai de Wintonia,1 ad
recognoscendum etc. Ad quern diem inquisicio venit per Willelmum
de Bosco, Thoinam Bonvin, et alios Christianos, sicut patet inter
brevia bujus Termini retornata. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum,
quod predicti viij anuli non valuerunt die quo impignorati fuerunt
nisi duas marcas. Ideo consideratum est, quod predictus Copinus
satisfaciat predicte Kegine de predictis ij m. ; et habet diem de consensu
Waited de Kancia usque ad xvara Pasclie.
Belassez, que fuit uxor Leonis, filii Preciose, fecit venire Bogerum
de Cauz, tenentem quandam partem terrarum que fuerunt Willelmi
de Bussey, et exigit ab eo xv 1. per cirograpbum xxviij 1. sub
nominibus predictorum Willelmi et Leonis, reddendarum ad festum
Pentecostes anno Begis Henrici xxvij0, actum iij° die Decembris anno
eodem, et x 1. de lucro etc.
Predictus Bogerus venit et dicit, quod non est factum suum, et
petit diem premeditandi, et habet a die Pasche in unum mensem etc.
Floria, que fuit uxor Isaac de Berkhamsted, optulit se iiij0 die
versus Johannem Gylle de placito debiti. Et ipse non venit. Et pre-
ceptum fuit Yicecomitibus, quod ipsum venire facerent coram etc. ad
liunc diem. Et Vicecomites mandant, quod predictus Johannes non
fuit inventus in balliva sua post receptionem istius mandati. Ideo
preceptum est eis, sicut alias, a die Pasche in xv dies etc.
Predicta Floria venire fecit Hugonem de Bolonia, et exigit ab eo
xx m. argenti, unum ciphum argenteum et unam supertunicam,
sanguinei coloris, furrati, precii v m., que sibi et Agneti Le Callestere,
matri uxoris ejus, tradidit custodienda ; que bona et catalla post
decessum dicte Agnetis ad manus dicti Hugonis devenerunt, ut prin-
cipalis executoris testamenti sui, et que bona et catalla Begi et ei,
post dampnacionem dicti Isaac, viri sui, injuste detinet, ad dampnum
suum, xm. etc. ; et petit hoc, pro Bege et se, inquiri per patriam.
Predictus Hugo venit et defendit vim etc. et dicit, quod de dicta
Floria et viro suo nichil recepit, ut in denariis et aliis catallis, sicut
versus eum narrat, nee in presencia dicte Agnetis, matris uxoris sue,
nee in absencia ejus, nee bona sua post obitum ejus ad manus suas
devrenerunt, nee executor testamenti ejus est ; et hoc offert veriiicari
per patriam. Et predicta Floria, quod dicta bona et denarii ad
1 As to the ancient practice of desig- Mun. Gildh. Lond. (Rolls Ser.) i. 34.
nating wards by the names of aldermen see
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1280 108
Ash Wednesday, 12 true etc. of the ward of Nicholas de Winton, to
recognise etc. On which day the inquest came hy William Wood,
Thomas Bonvin, and other Christians, as appears among the returns
of this Term's writs. Who say upon their oath, that the said eight
rings were only worth 2 marks at the time when they were pledged.
So it is adjudged, that the said Copin pay the said Queen the said 2
marks ; and he has a day by consent of Walter de Kent until Easter
quindene.
cambr. Belassez, wife that was of Leo, son of Preciosa, caused to come
Roger de Caux, tenant of part of the lands which belonged to William
de Bussy, and demands from him £15 by chirograph for £28 under
the names of the said William and Leo, payable at Pentecost in the
27th year of King Henry, the chirograph being dated the 3rd day of
December in the same year, and £10, interest etc.
The said Roger comes and says, that it is not his deed, and craves
time to consider it, and has it to Easter month etc.
London. Floria, wife that was of Isaac of Berkhamsted, offered herself on
the fourth day against John Gill touching a plea of debt. And he did
not come. And the Sheriffs were commanded to cause him to
come before etc. on this day. And the Sheriffs send word, that the
said John was not found in their bailiwick after the receipt of this
mandate. So mandate to them, as before, for Easter quindene.
The said Floria caused Hugh de Boulogne to come, and demands
from him 20 marks of silver, a silver bowl and a supertunic of blood-
red dye, trimmed with fur, value 5 marks, which she gave to him
and Agnes Le Callester, his wife's mother, to keep safe ; which goods
and chattels came on the death of the said Agnes into the hands of
the said Hugh, as the principal executor of her will, and which goods
and chattels he now, after sentence passed on the said Isaac, her
husband, unlawfully detains against the King and her, Floria, to her
damage, 10 marks, etc. ; and thereof she, for the King and herself,
craves inquest by the country.
The said Hugh comes and makes defence to the force etc. and says,
that from the said Floria and her husband he received nothing, in
money and other chattels, as she counts against him, either in the
presence of the said Agnes, his wife's mother, or in her absence, nor
did her goods come into his hands after her death, nor is he the
executor of her will ; and he offers that this be verified by the country.
And the said Floria, as to her count, that the said goods and
109 SCAOCAEIUM JUDEORUM
inanus ejus devenerint, ut predictum est, ponit se similiter super
patriam. Ideo preceptum est Vicecomitibus Londonie, quod venire
faciant coram etc., a die Pasche in xv dies, xij etc. de visneto de
Grascherich, et qui etc. ; et Constabulario Turris Londonie, quod venire
faciat etc., ad eundein diem, xij legales Judeos, et qui etc., ad recog-
noscendum super sacramentum suum super premissis veritatem etc.
Ad quern diem inquisicio venit per Kicardum de Hormede, Willelmum
de Boxle, et alios Christianos, Sampsonem de Kalee, Manserum Levi,
et alios Judeos, sicut patet inter brevia Termini Pasche proximo
sequentis retornata. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod
predictus Hugo nichil habuit nee recepit de bonis predictorum Isaac
vel Florie, nee predicta Agnes, nisi tantummodo imam ollam eneam,
precii xvd., unum lavacrum, precii xd., unam patellam veterem,
precii vij d., unam supertunicam de cameloto, precii v s., unam
lintheamen et unum tapetum, precii vj d., et unum ciphum de
mazere, precii xij d. ; que bona dicta Agnes recognita coram Justiciariis
de bonis Judeorum dampnatorum ad inquirendum deputatis liberavit.
Et ideo consideratum est, quod dictus Hugo hide eat quietus, et dicta
Floria pro falso clamore in misericordia.
DE TEEMINO PASCHE.
Rot. 36, m. 4. Walterus de Kancia fecit venire Adam de Novo Mercato, et exigit
ab eo tanquam attornatus Eegine-Consortis Kegis quadringentas et
quadraginta libras, quas debet prefate Eegine de debitis Hagini, filii
Magistri Mossei, Judei, cujus debita predicta Eegina habet ex dono
Eegis etc.
Et predictus Adam venit et dicit, quod Eobertus Tybetot per
breve Eegis de Scaccario Judeorum recepit de eo c m , que sibi debent
allocari in eodem debito. Et predictus Eobertus, qui presens fuit,
testatur, se recepisse predictas c m. de predicto Adam, quas Eex sibi
concessit per breve Eegis directum Justiciariis etc. Et de residuo
protulit quoddam starrum in quo continetur, quod Haginus, films
Magistri Mossei, perdonavit et quietavit Ade de Novo Mercato medie-
tatem cujusdam debiti quadringentarum et quadraginta librarum sub
nominibus ipsorum Ade et Hagini ; et unum starrum in quo con-
tinetur, quod idem Haginus recepit quatuordecim marcas de predicto
Adam de debitis in quibus ei tenetur ; et unum starrum in quo
continetur, quod dictus Haginus recepit sex marcas de predicto Adam
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1280 109
money came into his hands, as aforesaid, likewise puts herself upon
the country. So the Sheriffs of London are commanded, that they
cause to come before etc., on Easter quindene, 12 etc. of the venue of
Gracechurch, and who etc. ; and the Constable of the Tower of
London is commanded, that he cause to come etc., on the same day,
12 lawful Jews, and who etc., to recognise upon their oath the truth
as to the premises etc. On which day the inquest comes by Eichard
de Hormead, William de Boxley, and other Christians, Sampson of
Rayleigh, Manser Levi, and other Jews, as appears among the writs
returned in Easter Term next following. Who say upon their oath,
that neither the said Hugh nor the said Agnes had or received aught
of the goods of the said Isaac or Floria, save only a brazen pot,
value 15d., a ewer, value 10d., an old plate, value 7d., a supertunic
of camelot, value 5s., a linen cloth and a carpet, value 6d., and a bowl
of mazer-wood, value 12d. ; which goods the said Agnes acknowledged
and delivered in the presence of the Justices assigned to make inquest
touching the goods of condemned Jews. And so it is adjudged, that
the said Hugh go quit thereof, and the said Floria is in mercy for a
false claim.
EASTER TERM.
Walter de Kent caused to come Adam de Newmarket, and as at-
torney of the King's Queen-Consort demands from him £440, which he
owes the said Queen on account of the debts owing to Hagin, son of
Master Moses, Jew, which debts the said Queen has by gift of the King
etc.
And the said Adam comes and says, that Robert Tybetot by writ
of the King issuing from the Exchequer of the Jews received from him
100 marks, which ought to be allowed him in the said debt. And
the said Robert, who was present, witnesses, that he received from the
said Adam the said 100 marks, which the King granted him by writ of
the King addressed to his Justices etc. And as to the residue he, Adam,
produced a starr in which it is contained, that Hagin, son of Master
Moses, released and acquitted to Adam de Newmarket one moiety of
a debt of £440 under the names of them, Adam and Hagin ; and a
starr in which is contained, that the said Hagin received 14 marks from
the said Adam on account of debts in which he is bound to him ; and
a starr in which it is contained, that the said Hagin received 6 marks
from the said Adam on account of debts which he owes him : and as
110 SCACCARIUM JUDEOROI
de debitis que ei debet ; et de residuo dicit, quod aliquo tempore dictus
Haginus vendidit sibi quasdaui domos in eivitatibus Lincolnie et
Eboraci, quas Regina cepit in manum suam, et eas hucusque retinuit,
antequam vocatus vel summonitus fuisset super hoc responsurus ; et
petit, quod predicta starra, juxta quod proportant, et Valencia predic-
taruni domoruni sibi in predicto debito allocentur.
Et predictus Walterus venit et dicit, quod prefatus Haginus
nullum jus vel potestatem habuit vendendi predictas domos, tunc
temporis quando eas vendidit dicto Ade, eo quod prius eas vendidit
Stephano de Chenduit, cujus jus prefata Regina liabet modo ; per
quod vendicio ilia nulla est et vana, nee videtur quod Valencia illarum
domorum sibi debeat allocari ; et de starris petit tempus quando
confecta erant. Et predictus Adam dicit, quod predicta starra
confecta erant circa festum S. Michaelis anno regni Eegis Edwardi
tercio.
Et predictus Walterus venit et petit judicium, desicut in anno
tercio omnia debita et catalla predicti Hagini capta fuerunt in manum
Eegis, et dictus Haginus imprisonatus, ita quod nullam administra-
cionem sen potestatem habuit de debitis vel catallis suis, per quod
perdonacionem vel quietacionem potuit facere de predictis debitis.
Et Haginus, qui presens fuit, venit et dicit, quod in anno tercio
imprisonatus fuit pro quodam debito quod idem Haginus debuit
cuidam Odino, mercatori, et postea per licenciam Domini Eegis
deliberatus fuit a prisona, ita quod potuit loqui cum debitoribus suis,
et debita sua de eis recipere, ad satisfaciendum predicto mercatori, et
starra de quietancia debitorum suorum juxta voluntatem suam facere ;
per quod videtur, quod starra ilia debent esse rata et firma. Requisi-
tes predictus Haginus, quid habet in manu sua de licencia quam
habuit de Eege ad perdonandum et quietandum debita sua. Et idem
Haginus nichil habuit, seu protulit hide. Et quia attinctum est,
quod predicta starra, que predictus Adam protulit, facta fuerunt
tempore quo predictus Haginus nullam administracionem seu potes-
tatem habuit de suis debitis, nee aliquo modo ea potuit tunc temporis
perdonare, seu quietare, nee predictas domos vendere potuit; considera-
tum est, quod predicta Eegina habeat suuin recuperare versus predic-
tum Adam de predictis debitis, preter de predictis c m., et predictus
Adam suuni recuperare versus predictum Haginum de tanta solucione
predicti debiti quantam sibi fecit etc., et predictus Haginus, quia
fraudulenter recepit predictos denarios, committitur prisone etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.U. 1280 110
to the residue he says, that some time ago the said Hagin sold him
certain houses in the cities of Lincoln and York, which the Queen took
into her hand, in which she has since retained them, before he had
been cited or summoned to answer touching this matter ; and he
craves, that the said starrs, according to their purport, and the value
of the said houses be allowed him in the said debt.
And the said Walter comes and says, that the said Hagin had no
right or power to sell the said houses, when he sold them to the said
Adam, inasmuch as he had already sold them to Stephen de Chenduit,
whose right the said Queen now has ; for which cause that sale is
null and void, and it does not appear that the value of those houses
ought to be allowed him ; and touching the starrs he craves to know
the time when they were made. And the said Adam says, that the
said starrs were made about Michaelmas in the third year of the reign
of King Edward.
And the said Walter comes and craves judgment, for that in the
third year all the debts owing to and chattels of the said Hagin were
taken into the hand of the King, and the said Hagin was imprisoned,
so that he had no control or power over debts owing to him or his
chattels, whereby he could make release or quittance of the said debts.
And Hagin, who was present, comes and says, that in the third
year he was imprisoned for a debt which he, Hagin, owed to
one Odin, a merchant, but afterwards by license of our Lord the
King he was discharged from prison, so that he could speak with his
debtors, and receive his debts from them, and thereby discharge his
debt to the said merchant, and make starrs of acquittance at his will
of debts owing to him ; for which cause it appears, that those starrs
ought to be good and unimpeachable. Asked, what he has in his
possession by way of license from the King for the release and acquit-
tance of debts owing to him, the said Hagin had nothing to show,
or produced nothing of the kind. And because it is attaint, that
the said starrs, which the said Adam produced, were made at the
time when the said Hagin had no control or power over debts owing
to him, nor could in any way release or acquit them, nor could sell
the said houses ; it is adjudged, that the said Queen do recover the
said debts, except the 100 in., against the said Adam, and that the
said Adam do recover against the said Hagin so much of the said debt
as he paid etc., and the said Hagin, because he fraudulently received
the said money, is committed to prison etc.1
1 Cf. Cal. Close Eolls (Rolls Ser.), Ed. I., unhappy Chief Rabbi died soon after this
1272-9, pp. 152, 259, 458, 501, 547. The affair, the election of his successor Hagin,
Ill SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Vb-m-5- Benedictus, filius Magistri Elie, Judeus, attachiatus ad responden-
dum Willeluio de Mortuo Mari de placito injuste detencionis
catallorum, et unde queritur, quod, cum ipse invadiasset predicto
Benedicto quedam bona et catalla sua, ad valenciam 1 1., die Mercurii
proxima ante festum Apostolorum Simonis et Jude anno regni Regis
Edwardi vij°, in domo Magisfcri Galfridi de Mortuo Mari, pro xxvij m.,
quas ab eo mutuo recepit, que bona adhuc injuste detinet etc. ; videlicet,
aurum ponderis duarum marcarum, duos anulos aureos cum saphiris,
conjunctos cum quadam cathena argentea, unum firmaculum aureum,
tres zonas de serico argento subaurato barratas, xij coclearia argentea,
ij ciphos argento platos, et unum supercoopertorium de scarleto, furra-
tum de minuto verio, precii 1 1., et ideo injuste etc., quia, die dominica
proxima ante festum Purificacionis B. Marie proximo sequentem, venit
predictus Willelmus ad predictum Benedictum,et peciit visum vadiorum
suorum, promptus ad satisfaciendum pro vadiis predictis, et predictus
Benedictus dixit, quod vadia ilia ei non ostenderet, nisi aliquos denarios
ei pre manibus solveret, et idem Willelmus incontinenti solvit eidem
Benedicto ij m. et dim. et postea peciit visum vadiorum suorum, et
idem Benedictus dixit, quod visum omnium vadiorum suorum ei
ostendere non potuit, eo quod predictum aurum ponderis ij m. ven-
didit pro xxiiij m. et dim. ; de qua vendicione idem Willelmus bene fuit
contentus, et dicebat, quod predictum debitum per easdem xxiiij m. et
dim., et per ij m. et dim. quas eidem Benedicto tunc solverat, erat
eidem Benedicto plenarie satisfaction, et peciit residuum vadiorum
suorum, et idem Benedictus ea reddere contradicebat, et ea adhuc ei
injuste detinet, ad dampnum suum, c 1. ; et hoc offert etc.
Predictus Benedictus venit et defendit vim etc., quando etc., et
recognovit se recepisse predictum aurum ponderis duarum marcarum
per manus cujusdam Willelmi de Bauns ut pignus pro xxiiij m. quas
super dictum aurum mutuavit, et per licenciam predicti Willelmi
predictum aurum vendidit pro xxiiij m. et dim., quas allocavit in
debito supradicto ; et insuper idem Benedictus recognovit, quod omnia
predicta vadia recepit, set non tanti valoris quam predictus
Willelmus dicit, et ea adhuc preterquam predictum aurum, quod
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1280 111
Benedict, son of Master Elias, Jew, was attached to answer
William de Mortimer touching a plea of unlawful detinue of
chattels, whereof he complains, that, whereas he pledged to the
said Benedict certain of his goods and chattels, to the value of £50,
for 27 marks, which he borrowed of him in the house of Master
Geoffrey de Mortimer on the Wednesday next before the feast of the
Apostles Simon and Jude in the 7th year of the reign of King Edward,
the said Benedict still detains those goods and chattels, unlawfully
etc. ; to wit, 2 marks' weight of gold, two gold rings set with sapphires,
connected by a silver chain, a gold buckle, three silken girdles barred l
with silver on a gold ground, twelve silver spoons, two bowls plated with
silver, and an outer vesture of scarlet cloth, trimmed with miniver, value
£50. And the detinue is unlawful, by reason that, on the Sunday next
before the feast of the Purification of Blessed Mary next following the
delivery in pledge, the said William came to the said Benedict, and
craved a view of his pledges, being ready to redeem the said pledges, and
the said Benedict said, that he would not show him the pledges, unless
he would pay some money in hand, and the said William straightway
paid the said Benedict 2^ marks, and then craved a view of his
pledges, and the said Benedict said, that he could not give him a view
of all his pledges, because he had sold the said two marks' weight of
gold for 24| marks ; 2 and the said William was well content with the
sale, and said, that by the same 24^ marks, and the 2^ marks which
he had then paid, the claim of the said Benedict was fully satisfied, and
he craved the residue of his pledges, and the said Benedict refused to
return them, and still detains them against him unlawfully, to his
damage, £100; and this he offers etc.
The said Benedict came, and made defence to the force etc., when
etc., and acknowledged, that he received the said 2 marks' weight
of gold by the hands of a certain William de Bauns as pledge for 24
marks which he lent upon the said gold, and by leave of the said
William he sold the said gold for 24^ marks, which he allowed in the
said debt ; and the said Benedict further acknowledged, that he
received all the said pledges, but not that they were of the same value
as the said William says, and has them still in his possession, except
son of Deulecresse, being ratified by the (Madox, i. 277, 487), the normal value of
King on May 15, 1281. Eymer, Ftedera, the mark of silver being 13s. 4d. The
ed. Clarke, i. pt. ii. 591. premium of 1\ m., silver, at which the
1 Cf. Chaucer, Prologue to the Canter- mark of gold here stands, shows that silver
bury Tales, where the serjeant at law is was at a discount of ^, or 3s. per mark, i.e.
described as ' girt with a ceint of silk with Is. less than the discount indicated in the
barres smale.' so-called statute printed in Appendix V.,
1 The mark of gold was ordinarily p. lvi supra,
reckoned as equal at most to 10 m., silver
112 SCACCABIUM JUDEORUM
prius vendidit, penes se habet ; super quibus vadiis idem Benedictus
dicit, quod acconmiodavit predicto Willelnio cito post festum Purifica-
cionis B. Marie ultimo preteritum viij m. iij s. iiij d., et dicta vadia
pro predictis denariis ut vadium suum juste retinet, et de duabus
marcis et dim., quas dictus Willelmus dicit se ei solvisse, dicit, quod
nichil inde recepit. Et predictus Willelmus dicit, quodpredictas ij m.
et dim. tidem Benedicto solvit, ut predictum est, et dicit, quod per
predictas ij m. et dim., et per xxiiij m. et dim., quas recepit de pre-
dicto auro, satisfaction est ei de xxvij m. quas ab eo mutuo
recepit ; et dicit, quod nullum denarium ab eodem Judeo post festum
Purificacionis B. Marie supradictum recepit ; per quod nichil ei debet
super vadia predicta, que ei adhuc injuste detinet. Et de hoc ponit
se super veredictum Galfridi de Saham, Willelmi Le Franceys, et
Magistri Elie, patris predicti Benedicti, qui convencioni et solucioni
inter eos facte interfuerunt. Et predictus Benedictus dicit, quod sibi
accommodavit predictas viij m. iij s. et iiij d. super vadia predicta, et
predictas ij m. et dim. de predicto Willelnio non recepit ; et de hoc
ponit se similiter super predictos Galfridum, Willelmum et Eliam.
Ideo preceptum est Vicecomiti Cantebrig', quod venire faciai coram
etc., in octabis S. Trinitatis, predictos Galfridum et Willelmum ; et
Constabulario Turris Londonie, quod venire faciat, ad eundem diem,
Magistrum Eliam, ad recognoscendum etc.
Aaron, filius Yives, Judeus, tulit breve Kegis de Magno Sigillo in
hec verba : — Edwardus etc. dilectis et fidelibus suis, Johanni de
Cobeham, et Justiciariis suis ad custodiam etc., et dilecto clerico suo,
Ade de Wintonia, salutem : — Cum Aaron, filius Yives, Judeus,
Londonie, dederit et concesserit carissime Consorti nostre, Alianore,
Begine Anglie, debita in quibus Gilbertus Pecche eidem Judeo tenetur
per cartas et obligaciones suas, ac Nos indempnitati ipsius Judei
prospici et sibi debitam recompensacionem debitorum predictorum
fieri cupientes, concesserimus eidem Judeo, quod de clarioribus debitis
et obligacionibus Judeorum dampnatorum vel aliorum Judeoram in
manu nostra existentibus, vel que accidere contigerit in man urn
nostram, quedam debita, usque ad summam debitorum in cartis et
obligacionibus prefati Gilberti contentorum, in recompensacionem
ejusdem debiti assignentur, et debita ilia ad opus ejusdem Judei
nomine nostro leventur, et sibi liberentur; ita quod, si aliquid
dictorum debitorum in manu nostra existentinm, vel que in manum
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1280 112
the said gold, which he sold ; upon which pledges the said Benedict
says, that he lent the said William, shortly after the feast of the Purifi-
cation of Blessed Mary last past, 8 marks 3s. 4d., for which said
moneys he retains the said pledges as his lawful pledge, and touching
the 2i marks, which the said William says, that he paid him, he says,
that he received no part thereof. And the said William says, that he
paid the said 2| marks to the said Benedict, as aforesaid, and says,
that by the said 2| marks, and the 24^- marks, which Benedict received
by the sale of the said gold, he is fully recouped the 27 marks which
he, William, borrowed from him ; and he says, that he did not receive a
penny from the said Jew after the feast of the Purification of Blessed
Mary aforesaid ; for which cause he owes him nought upon the said
pledges, which he still detains against him unlawfully. And touching
this he puts himself upon the verdict of Geoffrey cle Soham, William
Le Francois, and Master Elias, father of the said Benedict, who were
present when the said agreement and payment were made between
them. And the said Benedict says, that he lent him the said 8 marks
3s. 4d. upon the said pledges, and did not receive the said 2^ marks
from the said William ; and touching this he likewise puts himself
upon the said Geoffrey, William, and Elias. So the Sheriff of Cam-
bridgeshire is commanded, that he cause to come before etc., on the
octave of Holy Trinity, the said Geoffrey and William ; and the Con-
stable of the Tower of London is commanded, that he cause to come,
on the same day, Master Elias, to recognise etc.
Aaron, son of Vives, Jew, brought writ of the King under the
Great Seal to the effect following : — Edward etc. to his dear lieges,
John de Cobham, and his Justices assigned to the custody etc., and
his dear clerk, Adam de Winton, greeting : — Whereas Aaron, son of
Vives, Jew, of London, has given and granted to our dearest Consort,
Eleanor, Queen of England, the debts in which Gilbert Pecche is bound
to the said Jew by his charters and writings obligatory, and We, being
minded that provision be made for his, the Jew's, indemnification and
recompense, have granted, that of the clearer debts and obligations
of condemned or other Jews which are in our hand, or may come to be
in our hand, there be assigned to the said Jew debts, to the amount
of the debts contained in the charters and writings obligatory of the
said Gilbert, in compensation for the said debt, and that those debts be
levied in our name to the use of the said Jew, and be delivered to him ;
provided that, if aught of the said debts which are in our hand, or which
may come to be in our hand, as aforesaid, should chance to be found
Q
113 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
nostram accidere contigerit, ut predictum est, quietum inveniri
contingat post liberacionem sibi factam, tunc eidem Judeo aliquod
debitum loco ejusdem assignari faciatis ; vobis mandamus, quod pre-
missa fieri faciatis in forma predicta. Et quia accepimus, quod, post-
quam Judeos regni nostri capi fecimus, quedam false facte sunt ac-
quietancie, et eciam starra, inter Christianos et Judeos, vobis manda-
mus, quod si contingat debitores quoscunque acquietancias vel starra
aliqua debitorum quorumcumque coram vobis proferre, tunc nullam
quietanciam vel liberacionem hujusmodi debitoribus,1 quousque legi-
time vobis constare possit, acquietancias vel starra ilia fideliter et
legitime fuisse facta secundum Legem et Consuetudinem Scaccarii
Judaismi predicti. Teste Me ipso apud Merleberg' xxvj° die Feb. anno
regni nostri octavo.
ib.m.5. Johannes Le Clerk, aurifaber, et "Willelmus Le Conversus, Fratres
Lond. '
Domus Conversorum Londonie, assignati per breve Eegis ad colligen-
dum chevagium Judeorum Anglie anno regni Eegis Edwardi sexto
per capita singulorum Judeorum habentium etatem xij annorum et
ultra, quod quidem chevagium Dominus Kex concessit Fratribus
predicte Domus, venerunt coram etc., et reddiderunt compotum suum
de predicto chevagio etc.
Iidem reddiderunt compotum de xj 1. iij s. ix d., de chevagio
Dccc iiij xx et xv Judeorum et Judearum per capita per diversa loca
Anglie, sicut continetur in quadam cedula quam predicti Johannes et
Willelmus liberaverunt predictis Justiciariis, videlicet, de singulis
Judeis iij d., secundum Statutum Judeorum ; et non responderunt de
chevagio Judeorum Londonie, nee Cantuarie, de anno predicto, quia
Hugo de Dyngnetona ipsum chevagium collegit, unde debet respon-
dere, sicut patet inter inquisiciones hujus Termini retornatas per
predictam cedulam etc.
Summa, xj 1. iij s. ix d. ; que liberaverunt Johanni de Sancto
Dionisio, Custodi predicte Domus, in parte solucionis xxix 1. iiij s. et
iij d. ad comparacionem capelle predicte Domus faciendam ex conces-
sione Eegis per breve Eegis de Magno Sigillo ; et sic quieti fuerunt.
1 Sic : supply ' valere permittatis,' or words to the same effect.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1280 113
quit after delivery made to him, then you cause a debt to be assigned
to the said Jew in lieu of the said debt ; We therefore command you,
that you cause effect to be given to the premises in form aforesaid.
And whereas We have heard, that, since We caused the Jews of our
realm to be arrested, certain false acquittances have been made, and
also starrs, between Christians and Jews, We command you, that if it
so happen that any debtors whosoever, produce before you acquit-
tances or starrs of any debts whatsoever, then you allow no such
acquittance or release to avail the debtors, until by lawful evidence
you be satisfied, that those acquittances or starrs were truly and law-
fully made according to the Law and Custom of the Exchequer of the
said Jewry. Witness Myself at Marlborough on the 26th day of
February in the eighth year of our reign.
John Le Clerk, goldsmith, and William Le Convert, Brothers of
the London House of Converts, assigned by the King's writ to collect
the chevage ' of the Jews of England in the sixth year of the reign of
King Edward by head of every Jew of the age of twelve years and
upwards, which chevage our Lord the King granted to the Brothers
of the said House, came before etc., and rendered their account of the
said chevage etc.
They rendered account of £11 3s. 9d., chevage of 895 Jews and
Jewesses of divers places in England, as recorded in a schedule
delivered to the said Justices by the said John and William, to wit,
3d. per head of every Jew and Jewess, according to the Statute of
Jewry. They did not answer for the said year's chevage of the Jews
of London and Canterbury, for which Hugh de Dinnington, who
collected it, is answerable, as appears by the said schedule enrolled
among this Term's inquests etc.
Sum, £11 3s. 9d. ; which they delivered to John de St. Denys,
Warden of the said House, in part payment of £29 Is. 3d., appro-
priated by grant of the King under the Great Seal 2 to the account
of expenditure upon the chapel of the said House ; and so they were
quit.
1 I.e. the poll-tax imposed by the Statute 2 Cf. Cal. Patent Rolls (Rolls Ser.) Ed. I.
of 3 Ed. I. Cf. Introduction, p. xxxviii. 1272-81, p. 371.
Q2
114 SCACCAPJUM JUDEORUM
DE TEEMINO PASCHE ANNO NONO.
Rot. ,ie Johannes de S. Dionisio, Gustos Domus Conversorum. tulit breve
Banco 40,
ui. 7. Loud. Regis de Magno Sigillo in hec verba: — Edwardus etc. Justiciariis etc.
salutem : — Ex parte Conversorum Domus nostre Londonie Nobis est
ostensum, quod, cum medietas bonorum et catallorum conversorum
seu convertendorum ad Fidem Catholicam ad Con versos Domus nostre
predicte racione concessionis nostre eis hide facte pertineat, alia
medietate illis qui se a tempore concessionis nostre predicte converte-
rint reservata ; ac Belassez et Hittecote, Judee, Oxonie, nuper ad Fidem
Catholicam se converterunt ; per quod Conversi Domus nostre predicte
medietatem bonorum et catallorum ipsarum, juxta formam concessionis
nostre predicte, petiverunt a vobis sibi liberari ; vos, ut accepimus, pro
eo quod dicte Judee parum ante tempus hujus concessionis nostre se
ad Fidem Catholicam converterunt, predictam medietatem Conversis
dicte Domus liberare contradicitis : Nos autem, ad necessitatem dic-
torum Conversorum parvum respectum habentes, et gratiam eis facere
volentes, vobis mandamus, quod bona et catalla predictarum Judearum,
seu valorem eorundem, si alicui alii de precepto nostro prius assign ata
non fuerint, dilecto clerico nostro, Johanni de S. Dionisio, Custodi
Domus predicte, vel ejus attornato, plenarie liberari faciatis ; et unam
medietatem ad sustentacionem Conversorum dicte Domus retineat,
et aliam medietatem eisdem Belassez et Hittecote faciat assignari,
juxta formam concessionis nostre supradicte. Teste Me ipso apud
Wodestok' xxvij0 die Aprilis anno regni nostri nono.
Per hoc breve liberantur eidem Johanni bona et catalla subscripta ;
videlicet, de bonis et catallis predictarum conversarum, unus liber
Prisciani Constr', precii xij d. ; unus Grecismus, precii vj d. ; una
Logica vetus, precii x d. ; unum Doctrinale magnum, precii ij d. ;
quidam liber Institutionum, precii iiij s. ; quidam Codex, precii xvj s. ;
quoddam Inforciatum, precii xvj s. ; liber Nature, precii viij s. ; quidam
Grecismus, precii xij d. ; et x s. in denariis pro pannis qui fuerunt
predictarum conversarum venditis etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1281 114
EASTER TERM IN THE NINTH YEAR, [a.d. I28i.]
John de St. Denys, Warden of the House of Converts, brought a
writ of the King under the Great Seal to the following effect : — Edward
etc. to his Justices etc. greeting: — On the part of the Converts of our
London House We are given to understand, that, whereas one moiety
of the goods and chattels of Jews who are or shall be converted to the
Catholic Faith belongs to the Converts of our said House by reason of
our grant thereof to them made, the other moiety being reserved for
those who shall be converted after the date of our said grant ; and
Belasez and Hittecote, Jewesses, of Oxford, have lately been converted
to the Catholic Faith ; for which cause the Converts of our said House
have claimed delivery by you to them of one moiety of the goods and
chattels of them, Belasez and Hittecote, according to the form of our
said grant ; and you, as We have heard, refuse to deliver the said
moiety to the Converts of the said House on the ground that the said
Jewesses were converted a little before the date of this our grant : WTe,
however, being somewhat regardful of the need of the said Converts,
and minded to show them grace, command you, that of the goods and
chattels of the said Jewesses, or the value of the same, if they have
not already been assigned to some one else, you cause plenary delivery
to be made to our dear clerk, John de St. Denys, Warden of the said
House, or his attorney; and let him retain one moiety for the mainte-
nance of the Converts of the said House, and cause the other moiety to
be assigned to the said Belasez and Hittecote, according to the form
of our said grant. Witness Myself at Woodstock on the 27th day of
April in the ninth year of our reign.
By virtue of this writ there are delivered to the said John the
goods and chattels underwritten ; to wit, of the goods and chattels of
the said converted Jewesses, a book of Priscian ' De Construction, '
value 12d. ; a Grrecismus,1 value 6d. ; an ancient Logic,2 value lOd. ;
a great Doctrinal,3 value 2d. ; a book of the Institutes,4 value 4s. ; a
Code,5 value 16s. ; an ' Inforciatum,' 6 value 16s. ; a book of Nature,7
value 8s. ; a Graecismus, value 12d. ; and 10s. in coin on account of
clothes of the said converted Jewesses which have been sold etc.
1 A treatise on grammar, so entitled, by 4 Doubtless Justinian's ' Institutes.'
Eberhardus Bethuniensis. See ' Corpus 5 Identifiable by the context with Jus-
Grammaticorum Medii M\i,' ed. Wrobel tinian's Code.
(Breslau, 1887), vol. i. 6 The second of the three parts into
- Perhaps Porphyry's ' Isagoge.' which Justinian's ' Digest ' was divided in
3 Also a treatise on grammar, by Alex- the Middle Ages.
ander de Villa-Dei. See Mon. Germ. Pa> 7 Perhaps one or part of one of Roger
dagog., ed. Kehrbach (Berlin, 1891), Bd. xii. Bacon's physical treatises.
Liiii.l
115 SOACOARIUM JUDEORUM
DE QUINDENA S. TEINITATIS.
Rot.39,m.4. Mosseus de Doggestrete et Bona, uxor ejus, attachiati ad respon-
dendum Matildi La Megre de placito injuste detencionis vadiorum, et
unde queritur, quod, cum eis et Belasez invadiasset septem ulnas de
burnetto, precii ulne iij s., pro vj s., die Martis proxima post festum
S. Benedicti anno regni Regis Edwardi nono, sub hac condicione,
videlicet, quod, quacumque die infra quindenam post invadiacionem
predictam predictis Judeis de dictis vj s. satisfaceret, dictum vadium
ei liberaretur pro predictis vj s. ; infra quam quindenam predicta
Matildis venit ad domum dictorum Judeorum, et optulit eis predictos
vj s., et predicta Belasez iij s. inde recepit pro iij s. quos eidem Matildi
super predictum vadium accommodaverat, et predicti Mosseus et
Bona alios iij s. recipere recusabant, exigentes ab ea x s. de catallo
et lucro pro predictis iij s., contra Statuta Regis, et vadium suum
reddere contradicebant, nisi pro eo dictos x s. reddere volebat, et
adhuc dictum vadium ei injuste detinent, ad dampnum suum, xl 1.,
et contra Statuta Regis ; et hoc offert verificare.
Predicti Mosseus et Bona venerunt et defendunt vim etc., et
negant precise, et dicunt, quod de dicta Matilde nichil receperunt, nee
aliquid de bonis suis penes se habent ex tradicione dicte Matildis, set
predicta Belasez eis quendam pannum burnetti pro viij s. et ix d.
invadiavit, et pro predictis viij s. et ix d., pro quibus dictus pannus in-
vadiatus fuit, prompti fuerunt dictum pannum eidem Matildi reddere ;
et quod pro tanta pecunie summa dictus pannus invadiatus fuit, petunt,
quod Justiciarii inquirant de dicta Belasez, que presens fuit coram etc.
Dicit, quod una vice dicta Matildis peciit, quod accommodaret ei
v s. super pannum predictum, que tunc dictam pecuniam non habuit,
et peciit a Bona, uxore dicti Mossei, ut medietatem dictorum v s. secum
eidem Matildi super vadium predictum accommodaret, que Bona tunc
eidem Matildi super vadium predictum accommodavit ij s. et vj d., et
ipsa Belasez ij s. et vj d. ; et alia vice super idem vadium eedem Bona
et Belasez accommodaverunt eidem Matildi xij d., ita quod in universo
ab eis habuit vj s., de quibus iij s. fuerunt predicte Bone et iij s. dicte
Belasez, pro quibus dictum pannum ambabus invadiavit. Et dicta
London.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1281 ll")
HOLY TRINITY QUINDENE.
Moses of Dog Street and Bona, his wife, are attached to answer
Matilda La Megre touching a plea of unlawful detinue of pledges,
whereof she makes complaint to the effect following :— Whereas,
on the Tuesday next after the feast of St. Benedict in the ninth
year of the reign of King Edward, she had pledged with them and
Belasez 7 ells of burnet,1 price 3s. the ell, for Gs., on condition
that, if on any day before the quindene after the said delivery in
pledge she should discharge the said 6s. owing to the said Jews, the
said pledge should be delivered to her for the said 6s. ; and whereas
before the said quindene the said Matilda came to the house of the
said Jews, and offered them the said 6s., and the said Belasez accepted
3s. thereof, for 3s. which she had lent the said Matilda upon the said
pledge, they, the said Moses and Bona, refused to accept the other 3s.,
demanding from her 10s. in principal and interest on account of the
said 3s., against the King's Statutes, and refused to return her pledge,
unless she would pay therefor the said 10s., and still detain the said
pledge against her unlawfully, to her damage, £40, and against the
King's Statutes ; and this she offers to verify.
The said Moses and Bona come and make defence to the force etc.,
and deny in set terms, that they received aught from the said Matilda,
or have aught of her goods by her delivery, but they say, that the
said Belasez pledged with them a piece of burnet cloth for 8s. 9d., on
receipt of which 8s. 9d., for which the said cloth was pledged, they
would have returned the said cloth to the said Matilda ; and touch-
ing this, that the said cloth was pledged for such a sum of money,
they crave, that the Justices inquire of the said Belasez, who was
present before etc.
She says, that on one occasion she was asked by the said Matilda
to lend her 5s. upon the said cloth, and that, not then having the said
money, she asked Bona, the wife of the said Moses, to join with her
in lending, each a moiety of the said 5s., to the said Matilda upon the
said pledge, and that Bona then lent the said Matilda 2s. 6d., and she,
Belasez, lent her 2s. 6d. thereon ; and that on another occasion the said
Bona and Belasez lent the said Matilda 12d. upon the same pledge, so
that in the whole she had from them 6s., of which 3s. were lent by
the said Bona, and 3s. by the said Belasez, for which she pledged the
said cloth to both of them. And the said Belasez says, that she told
1 See Glossary, 'Bluetum.'
116 SCACCAMUM JUDEORUM
Belasez dicit, quod dicebat predictis Mosseo et Bone, quod eidem
Matildi pannum supradictum pro iij s. quos eidem Matildi accomnio-
daverant, deliberarent, quia ipsi Belasez de iij s. satisfecit, et ipsi
dictum pannum redd ere contradicebant, nisi eis dicta Matildis pro
dicto panno x s. reddere volebat. Et quia convictum est per vere-
dictum dicte Belasez, super quam dicti Mosseus et Bona, uxor sua, se
posuerunt, quod dicta Matildis super pannum predictum debuit eis
viij s. et ix d., quod non accommodavit ab eis nisi iij s., pro quibus
exigebant x s. nomine usure, contra Statuta Bsgis, predicti Mosseus et
Bona committuntur prisone Turris Londonie, salvo custodiendi, donee
Begi de dicta transgressione satisfecerint, et dictus pannus eidem
Matildi pro iij s., ut supradictum est, mutuatis liberatur.
DE TEBMINO1 S. JOHANNIS BAPTISTE.
Rot. 38, m. 3. Willelmus de Brochulle pro pluribus defaltis in misericordia.
Kanc- Preceptum fuit Yicecomiti, quod non omitteret, propter Libertatem
Archiepiscopatus Cantuariensis, quin earn etc., et distringeret Willel-
mum de Brokhulle per terras etc., et quod haberet corpus ejus coram
etc. ad hunc diem, ad respondendum Begi de uno cipho de mazer o
cum pede argenteo, precii iiij 1., et aliis bonis et catallis ad valenciam
xiij 1., que devenerunt ad manus predicti Willelmi de bonis et catallis
que fuerunt Mossei de Doggestrete, Judei, pro transgressione monete
Begis forisfacti.2
Predictus Willelmus venit et defendit vim etc. et dicit, quod de
catallis predicti Mossei ad manus ejus, ut in denariis, ciphis, seu aliis
aliquibus catallis, nichil devenit ; et de hoc ponir, se super patriam.
Et patria ibi presens fuit per Bogerum Burrell, Bogerum de Leycestria,
et alios Christianos, Samuelem Le Fraunceys, Josceum Molekin et
alios Judeos, sicut patet inter brevia bujus Termini retornata in brevi
tangente Dionisiam, que fuit uxor Stephani Le Taylur, de Cantuaria.
Qui, jurati, unanimes esse non potuerunt. Et datus est dies eis ad
veritatem super premissis recognoscendam a die S. Michaelis in tres
septimanas, nisi interim Bogerus de Nortbwode ad partes illas venerit
etc.
1 Sic : instead of ' Quindena.' The record is misplaced among the Memoranda of
Easter Term. 2 gjc_
EXCHEQUEE OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1281 116
the said Moses and Bona to deliver the said cloth to the said Matilda
on receipt of the 3s. which they had lent the said Matilda, because
she had discharged to her, Belasez, the 3s. which she had lent, and
they refused to return the said cloth, unless the said Matilda would
pay them 10s. for the said cloth. And because by the verdict of the
said Belasez, upon which the said Moses and Bona, his wife, put them-
selves, it is disproved, that the said Matilda owed them 8s. 9d.
upon the said cloth, seeing that she did not borrow from them more
than 3s., for which they demanded 10s. by way of usury, against the
King's Statutes, therefore the said Moses and Bona are committed to
the prison of the Tower of London, there to be kept safe, until they
shall have made amend to the King for the said trespass, and the said
cloth is delivered to the said Matilda on payment of the 3s., borrowed
as aforesaid.
THE QUINDENE OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST.
William de Brockhull in mercy for several defaults.
The Sheriff was commanded, that he omit not, by reason of the
Liberty of the Archbishopric of Canterbury, to enter etc., and distrain
William de Brockhull by lands etc., and have his body before etc. on
this day, to answer the King touching a bowl of mazer- wood with a
silver foot of the value of £i, and other goods and chattels to the
value of £13, which came to the said William's hands of the goods
and chattels which belonged to Moses of Dog Street, Jew, being for-
feited for trespass on the coinage.
The said William comes and defends the force etc. and says, that
of the chattels of the said Moses, whether moneys, bowls, or other
chattels, nought came to his hands ; and as to this he puts himself
upon the country. And the country was there present by Boger
Burrell, Koger de Leicester, and other Christians, Samuel Le Francois,
Joce Molekin, and other Jews, as appears among the returns of writs
of this Term in the writ touching Dionisia, wife that was of Stephen
Taylor, of Canterbury. Who, being sworn, could not agree.1 And a
day is given them to recognise the truth touching the premises, to wit,
Michaelmas three weeks, unless in the meantime Boger de North-
wood 2 shall have come into those parts etc.
1 Cf. p. 104, supra, note, which is equally of the Jews, but one of the Barons of the
applicable to the present case. Exchequer.
- Northwood was not a regular Justice
117 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
DE QUINDENA S. HILLARII ANNO DECIMO.
Rot.4o,m.e, c0k' Hagin, Judeus, venire fecit Rogerum de Ling, tenentem
dorso. Lonrl. ° ' ° °
quandam partem terrarum et tenementorum que fuerunt Thome Le
Fuster, et exigit ab eo ij m. et dim. de catallo, et lucrum inde emersum
ante Statuta Regis, quas ei debet occasione predictarum terrarum etc.,
et per cirographum ij m. et dim., unde altera pars est in Archa Ciro-
graphorum Londonie, ut dicit.
Predictus Rogerus venit et petit diem premeditandi, efc habet in
crastino Cinerum.
Giouc Robertus de Bradestona pro pluribus defaltis in misericordia.
Aaron, filius Elie, Judeus, venire fecit eumdem Robertum, et exigit
ab eo x s. de catallo et iiij m. de lucro, quos ei debet occasione cujusdam
partis terrarum quas tenet, que fuerunt Willelmi Maudut, per ciro-
graphum xvij hi., unde altera pars est in Archa Cirographorum Here-
fordie, ut dicit,
Predictus Robertus venit et petit diem premeditandi, et habet a die
Pasche in tres septimanas.
giouc Henricus de Actona pro pluribus defaltis in misericordia.
Aaron, filius Elie, venire fecit eumdem Henricum, et exigit ab eo
j m. de catallo et v m. de lucro, quas ei debet occasione cujusdam partis
terrarum quas tenet, que fuerunt Willelmi Maudut, per cirographum
xvij in., unde altera pars est in Archa Cirographorum Herefordie, ut
dicit.
Predictus Henricus venit et petit diem premeditandi, et habet a
die Pasche in tres septimanas.
giouc. Petrus de Stintescumb pro pluribus defaltis in misericordia.
Aaron, filius Elie, venire fecit eumdem Petrum, et exigit ab eo xx s.
de catallo et iiij m. de lucro, quos ei debet occasione cujusdam partis
terrarum quas tenet, que fuerunt Willelmi Maudut, per cirographum
xvij m., unde altera pars est in Archa Cirographorum Herefordie, ut
dicit.
Predictus Petrus venit et petit diem premeditandi, et habet a die
Pasche in tres septimanas.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1282
117
HILAEY QUINDENE IN THE TENTH YEAK. [a.d. 1282.]
Cok Hagin, Jew, caused to come Roger de Ling, tenant of part of
the lands and tenements which belonged to Thomas Le Fuster, and
demands from him 2£ marks, principal, and interest thereon arisen
before the Statutes x of the King, which he owes in respect of the said
lands etc., and by virtue of a chirograph for 2h marks, of which the
other part is in the London Chirograph-Chest, so he says.
The said Roger comes and craves time to consider of it, and has
it by adjournment to the morrow of Ash Wednesday.
Robert de Bradeston in mercy for several defaults.
Aaron, son of Elias, Jew, caused to come the said Robert, and
demands from him 10s., principal, and 4 marks, interest, which he
owes him in respect of part of the lands which he holds, which
belonged to William Mauduit, by virtue of a chirograph for 17 marks,
of which the other part is in the Hereford Chirograph-Chest, so he
says.
The said Robert comes and craves time to consider of it, and has
it by adjournment to Easter three weeks.
Henry de Acton in mercy for several defaults.
Aaron, son of Elias, caused to come the said Henry, and demands
from him 1 mark, principal, and 5 marks, interest, which he owes
him in respect of part of the lands which he holds, which belonged to
William Mauduit, by virtue of a chirograph for 17 marks, of which
the other part is in the Hereford Chirograph-Chest, so he says.
The said Henry comes and craves time to consider of it, and has it
by adjournment to Easter three weeks.
Peter de Stinchcomb in mercy for several defaults.
Aaron, son of Elias, caused to come the said Peter, and demands
from him 20s., principal, and 4 marks, interest, which he owes him in
respect of part of the lands which he holds, which belonged to William
Mauduit, by virtue of a chirograph for 17 marks, of which the other
part is in the Hereford Chirograph-Chest, so he says.
The said Peter comes and craves time to consider of it, and has it
by adjournment to Easter three weeks.
1 I.e. the Statute of 1275, the plural
being used for the singular. The omission
to refer to the Statute in the subsequent
cases must be merely per incuriam, as the
amounts are not such as could be recovered
under the three years' limitation contained
in the so-called statute printed in Appendix
V. See p. lvii, supra.
Lontl.
118 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Johannes Hanielin pro pluribus defaltis in misericordia.
Mosseus de Clare, per attornatum suum, venire fecit predictum
Johannem, tenentem quandam partem terrarurn que fuerunt Thome
Hainelin, et exigit ab eo iiij 1. de catallo et x 1. de lucro, quas ei debet
occasione predictarum terrarurn etc., per cirographum xx 1., unde
altera pars est in Archa Cirographorum apud Subbyr', ut dicit.
Predictus Johannes venit et petit diem premeditandi, et habet a
die Pasche in unum mensem.
ib^m. 7. Cok' Hagin Judeus, venit coram etc., et recognovit hoc scriptum
subscriptum : — Universis, ad quorum notitiam presens scriptum per-
venerit, Cok' Hagin, filius Deulecresse, Judeus, Londonie, salutem : —
Noveritis me dedisse, concessisse, dimisisse et quietasse pro me,
heredibus et assignatis meis, Domino Roberto de Basinge, civi
Londoniensi, totum terminum meum, quern habui die confectionis
istius instrumenti, in firma manerii de Ginges Le Munteny, cum suis
pertinenciis, quod est in Comitatu Essexe, quam quidem firmam habui
ex tradicione Domini Eoberti de Munteny, militis, pro diversis debitis
in quibus niichi tenebatur, et de quibus finem solutionis mecum
contraxit per predictam firmam, prout in litteris super hoc confectis,
ac in Scaccario Judaismi irrotulatis, plenius continetur ; termino,
videlicet, dicte dimissionis firme incipiente a festo Natalis Domini
anno Kegis Edwardi decimo, et durante usque ad finem novem annorum
proximo sequentium et plenarie completorum : habendum et tenendum
dicto Domino Roberto de Basinge, et heredibus suis sive assignatis
suis, predictum manerium, cum omnibus pertinenciis suis, ut in terris,
redditibus, messuagiis, pratis, pasturis, viis, semitis, Vvardis, releviis,
escaetis, heriettis, servitiis, tarn liberorum hominum quam villanorum,
vivariis, piscariis, stagnis, boscis, et omnibus aliis pertinenciis suis, tam
nominatis quam non nominatis, quocunque modo seu jure ad dictam
terrain spectantibus, ita libere, quiete, bene et in pace, per totum
predictum terminum novem annorum, sicut et ego habui, tenui, ant
tenere debui per dimissionem predicti Domini Eoberti de Munteny,
et ut in scripto inter nos cirographato plenius inseritur et specificatur,
sine aliqua diminucione seu ullo retenemento. Et ego, predictus Cok'
Hagin, et heredes mei predictum manerium, cum omnibus suis perti-
nenciis, ut predictum est, predicto Domino Roberto de Basinge, per
predictum terminum novem annorum, et heredibus suis sive assignatis
suis quibuscunque, contra omnes Christianos et Judeoswarantizabimus,
acquietabimus et defendemus. Pro hujusmodi termini mei donacione,
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.U. 1282 118
cambr. John Hamelin in mercy for several defaults.
Moses of Clare, by his attorney, caused to come the said John,
tenant of part of the lands which belonged to Thomas Hamelin, and
demands from him £4, principal, and £10, interest, which he owes
him in respect of the said lands etc., by virtue of a chirograph for £20,
of which the other part is in the Sudbury Chirograph-Chest, so
he says.
The said John comes and craves time to consider of it, and has it
by adjournment to Easter month.
Loudou. Cok Hagin, Jew, came before etc., and acknowledged this under-
written writing : — To all, to whose notice the present writing shall
come, Cok Hagin, son of Deulecresse, Jew, of London, greeting : — Know
that I, for myself, my heirs and assigns, have given, granted, demised,
and acquitted to Sir Robert de Basinge, citizen of London, all my
term, which I had on the day when this instrument was made, in the
farm of the manor of Ginges Le Munteny, in the County of Essex,
with its appurtenances, which farm I had by livery of Sir Robert de
Munteny, knight, on account of divers debts in which he was bound
to me, and for the payment of which by the said farm he made
fine with me, as it is more fully contained in the letters touching this
made and enrolled in the Exchequer of Jewry; the term, to wit, of the
demise of the said farm to begin at Christmas in the tenth year
of King Edward, and to last to the end of the nine years next
following complete and concluded : to have and to hold to the said
Sir Robert de Basinge, and his heirs or assigns, the said manor,
with all its appurtenances, in lands, rents, messuages, meadows,
pastures, roads, paths, wardships, reliefs, escheats, heriots, services,
as well of freemen as of villeins, preserves, fishponds, ponds, woods,
and all other appurtenances, named or not named, howsoever or by
what right soevert hereunto regardant, no less freely, quietly, well, and
in peace, for all the said term of nine years, than I had, held, or was
to hold the said manor by the demise of the said Sir Robert de
Munteny, and as in a writing made by way of chirograph between
us it is more fully detailed and specified, without any abatement or
reservation. And I, the said Cok Hagin, and my heirs will warrant,
acquit, and defend the said manor, with all its appurtenances, as afore-
said, to the said Sir Robert de Basinge and his heirs or assigns
whomsoever, for the said term of nine years, against all Christians and
Jews. For which term so by me given, granted, demised, and acquitted,
119 SCACOARIUM JUDEORUM
concessione, dimissione et acquietacione dedit michi predictus Robertus
terras et edificia, que et quas habuit, cum suis pertinenciis, in parochiis
Sancte Marie Magdalene de Milkstrate et Sancti Michaelis de
Hoggenelane, Londonie, in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum. In cujus
rei testimonium presens scriptum littera mea Ebraica consignavi.
Actum Londonie die Mercurii proxima post Purificationem Beate
Marie anno regni Eegis Edwardi decimo.
Et Walterus de Kancia, clericus et attornatus Domine Regine-
Consortis Regis, nunc presens fuit, et ex parte ipsius Regine recog-
nitioni predicti scripti assensum et consensum prebuit.
Memorandum, quod Robertus de Basinge venit coram etc., et
recognovit scriptum subscriptum in hec verba : — Sciant presentes et
futuri, quod ego, Robertus de Basinge, civis Londoniensis, dedi, con-
cessi et presenti carta mea confirmavi Cok' Hagino, filio Deulecresse,
Judeo, Londonie, totam illam terrain meam, cum domo superedificata
et aliis pertinenciis suis, que jacet in parochia Sancte Marie Magdalene
de Melkestrete, Londonie, que se extendit in longitudine inter tene-
mentum Magistri Elie, filii Magistri Mossei, Judei, versus Aquilonem,
et tenementum Jacobi Le Clerc, Judei, versus Austrum, et in latitudine
a vico regio, qui vocatur Milkestrete, ex parte orientali, usque ad vicum
regium, qui vocatur Wodestrete, ex parte occidentali. Dedi eciam et
concessi et presenti carta mea confirmavi predicto Cok' totam illam
terram meam, cum domo superedificata et omnibus pertinenciis suis,
que jacet in parochia Sancti Michaelis de Hoggelane, Londonie, que se
extendit in longitudine inter tenementum quondam Roberti Le Blunt
versus Aquilonem et tenementum quondam Johannis de Benetlega
versus Austrum, et in latitudine a vico regio, qui vocatur Wodestrete,
ex parte occidentali, usque ad vicum regium, qui vocatur Milkestrete,
ex parte orientali ; scilicet, quicquid infra bundas prenotatas in pre-
dictis vicis et parochiis habui, seu habere potui aut debui, quocunque
jure, ut in terris, lignis, lapidibus et rebus cunctis, sine aliqua diminu-
cione seu ullo retenemento : habendum et tenendum predicto Cok' et
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1282 119
the said Robert has given me the lands and buildings, which he had,
with their appurtenances, in the parishes of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk
Street, and St. Michael, Hoggen Lane, London, in fee and inheritance
for ever. In witness whereof I have signed the present writing in
my Hebrew character. Done at London on the Wednesday next after
the Purification of Blessed Mary in the tenth year of the reign of
King Edward.
And Walter de Kent, clerk and attorney of our Lady the Queen,
the King's Consort, was then present, and on the part of the Queen
gave assent and consent to the acknowledgment of the said writing.1
Be it had in remembrance, that Robert de Basinge came before etc.,
and acknowledged the underwritten writing to the effect following : —
Know present and to come, that I, Robert de Basinge, citizen of
London, have given, granted, and by my present charter confirmed to
Cok Hagin, son of Deulecresse, Jew, of London, all that land of mine,
with the house thereon built and other its appurtenances, which
lies in the parish of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London, and in
length extends from the tenement of Master Elias, son of Master
Moses, Jew, on the north side, to the tenement of Jacob Le Gere, Jew,
on the south side, and in breadth extends from the King's way, which
is called Milk Street, on the east side, as far as the King's way, which
is called Wood Street, on the west side. I have also given and granted
and by my present charter confirmed to the said Cok all that land of
mine, with the house thereon built and with all its appurtenances,
which lies in the parish of St. Michael, Hoggen Lane, London, and
extends in length from a tenement formerly of Robert Le Blunt on the
north side to a tenement formerly of John de Bentley on the south
side, and in breadth from the King's way, which is called Wood Street,
on the west side, as far as the King's way, which is called Milk Street,
on the east side ; to wit, whatever within the bounds pre- assigned I
had, or might have or was to have, in the said ways and parishes, in
what right soever, whether in land, or wood, or stone or in aught
else, without any abatement or reservation : to have and hold to the
1 It will be remembered that the for- still in the Queen's hand. It also disposes
feited estate of Hagin, son of Deulecresse, of the conjectured derivation (A.-J.H.E.P.
otherwise Cok Hagin, was the Queen's i. 48) from his name of the name of the
perquisite by grant of the King (p. 88, lane (Hogge, Hoggen, or, later, Huggin) in
supra). At her instance Edward had con- the vicinity of which he now, by the
firmed his election to the office of Chief Queen's grace, acquired property. Cf.
Rabbi in 1281. Rymer, Fcedera, ed. Clarke, p. 105 supra, where it appears that the only
i. pt. ii. 591. This record shows that, not- other Hagin who might conceivably have
withstanding his new dignity, his estate was given his name to the lane lived elsewhere.
120 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
heredibus suis, et cuique seu quibuscumque et quando dare, vendere,
legare, seu alio modo assignare voluerit, de me et heredibus meis, libere,
quiete, integre,bene et in pace, in feodo et hereditate in perpetuum; red-
dendo inde annuatim niihi et heredibus meis unurn clavum gariofilli ad
Pascha, faciendo eciarn, pro me et heredibus meis, capitalibus dominis
i'eodi servicia inde debita et consueta, pro omnibus serviciis secula-
ribus, consuetudinibus, exactionibus, demandis et rebus cunctis. Et
ego, predictus Eobertus, et heredes mei predictas terras, cum domibus
et ceteris suis pertinenciis, predicto Judeo, heredibus et assignatis suis,
contra omnes homines, Christianos et Judeos, per predicta servicia
warantizabimus, defendemus et acquietabimus in perpetuum. Pro
hac autem donacione, warantizacione, defensione, acquietacione et pre-
sentis carte mee connmiacione dedit mihi predictus Judeus terminum,
scilicet, novem annorum, quem habuit die confectionis presentis carte,
in firma manerii de Ginges Munteny, in Comitatu Essexe, sub modo
et forma quibus idem Judeus idem manerium receperat de Domino
Eoberto de Munteny, milite, una cum c 1. sterlingorum in gersumam.
In cujus rei testimonium presenti carte sigillum meum apposui : hiis
testibus : Dominis Hamone Hauteyn et Eoberto de Ludham, tunc
Justiciariis Judeorum; Domino Benedicto Le Waleys, tunc Maiore
Londonie ; Willelmo Le Mazelyner et Eicardo de Chikewell, tunc Vice-
comitibus Londonie ; Johanne Skyp, Eoberto Herun, Cirographariis
Arche Cirographorum Londonie; Henrico de Frowyk', Galfrido de
Eokesl', Johanne Horn, Thoma de Basinge, Willelmo de Dunolm,
Willelmo de Farndona, Nicholao de Wintonia, Eadulfo Le Blunt,
Eoberto de Meldeburn', Eicardo de Muntpelers, Waltero de Watford,
Willelmo de Eed et Johanne de Shordych, Christianis ; Magistro Elia,
filio Magistri Mossei, Aaron, filio Vives, Mansero, filio Aaron, Cresseo,
filio Gente, Jacobo Le Clerc, Cresseo, filio Cressei, Isaac, filio Cressei,
Benedicto Bateman, Judeis, et aliis.
DE TEBMINO S. MICHAELIS ANNO DECIMO INCIPIENTE
UNDECIMO.
Preceptum fuit Constabulario, quod, si Aaron de Hibernia, Judeus,
quem in prisona Castri Bristoll' detinuit, inveniret sibi manucaptores,
quod esset coram etc. ad quindenam S. Michaelis nunc, ad standum
recto de omnibus de ipso conqueri etc.,1 tunc ipsum a prisona delibe-
raret, nisi captus fuisset per speciale preceptum Domini Eegis, vel pro
1 Supply ' volentibus.' Cf. p. 125, infra.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1282-3 120
said Cok and his heirs, or to whomsoever, one or several, he may at
any time be minded to give, sell, devise, or in any other manner
assign the same, of me and my heirs, freely, quietly, in entirety,
well, and in peace, in fee and inheritance for ever ; rendering therefor
yearly to me and my heirs a clove of gillyflower at Easter, and
doing also, for me and my heirs, to the capital lords of the fee the
services due and wonted therefor, in discharge of all secular services,
customs, and all things exacted and demanded. And I, the said
Eobert, and my heirs will for the said services warrant, defend, and
acquit the said lands, with the houses and other their appurtenances,
to the said Jew, his heirs and assigns, against all men, Christians and
Jews, for ever. For which grant, warranty, defence, and acquittance,
thus confirmed by this my present charter, the said Jew has given me a
term, to wit, of nine years, which he had on the day when the present
charter was made, in the farm of the manor of Ginges Munteny, in the
County of Essex, on the same conditions on which the said Jew
received the said manor from Sir Kobert de Munteny, knight, with
£100 sterling by way of fine. In witness whereof I have set my seal
to the present charter. Witness : Sir Hamo Hauteyn and Sir Eobert
de Ludham, then Justices of the Jews ; Sir Benedict Le Waleys, then
Mayor of London ; William Le Mazeliner and Eichard de Chigwell,
then Sheriffs of London ; John Skip and Eobert Herun, Chirographers
of the London Chirograph- Chest ; Henry de Frowick, Geoffrey de
Eokesley, John Horn, Thomas de Basinge, William de Dunolm, William
de Farndon, Nicholas de Winton, Ralph Le Blunt, Eobert de Melde-
burn, Eichard de Montpelier, Walter de Watford, William de Eed, and
John de Shoreditch, Christians ; Master Elias, son of Master Moses,
Aaron, son of Vives, Manser, son of Aaron, Cresse, son of Genta,
Jacob Le Clerc, Cresse, son of Cresse, Isaac, son of Cresse, Benedict
Bateman, Jews, and others.
MICHAELMAS TEEM IN THE TENTH AND THE BEGINNING
OF THE ELEVENTH YEAE. [a.d. 1282-3.]
The Constable was commanded, that, if Aaron of Ireland, Jew,
whom he detained in prison at Bristol Castle, find mainpernors for
his presence before etc. on this Michaelmas quindene, to stand to
right at the suit of all who have complaint to make against him, then
he discharge him from prison, unless he had been arrested by special
command of our Lord the King, or fortalliage, or some matter against
R
121 SCACCARIUM JUDEOEUM
tallagio, vel pro aliqua re contra Corouarn etc., et scire facer et
Justiciariis etc., qua occasione ipsum cepisset. Et dictus Aaron non
venit, et Constabularius mandat, quod, die Veneris proxinia post festurn
Nativitatis Beati Johannis Baptiste anno Regis Edwardi x°, venit idem
Aaron ad schoparn Boberti de Araz, aurifabri, et porrexit ei quandani
platani argenti vendendam coram multis Christianis ibidem presen-
tibus ; coram quibus idem Bobertus predictam platam a prefato Judeo
recepit, et cum earn ponderasset, inposuit eidem Judeo predictam
platam de tonsura monete fuisse conflatam, et cum dictus Judeus hec
audisset, predictam platam a manibus dicti Boberti surripuit, et inde
fugiendo usque ad pontem aque que dicitur Aven, eandem platam
infra aquam illam projecit, multis Christianis ipsum fugientein
sequentibus, et videntibus factum suum ; et ex concursu et clamore
plurium venit ad ipsum Constabularium notitia dicti facti, et sic ipsum
Judeum ea occasione cepit et in prisona detinuit ; et per predictum
breve liberavit corpus dicti Aaron Cresseo, filio Isaac, Cresseo le Prestre
et Abraham Honprud, Judeis, qui manuceperunt ipsum Aaron ad
habendum corpus suum coram etc., quern non habent. Et ideo pre-
ceptum est Constabulario, quod ipsos una cum predicto Aaron capiat,
et salvo custodiat, ita quod habeat corpora eorum coram etc., ad
respondendum Begi, quare predictum Aaron non habeant, et de qui-
busdam articulis eis obiciendis etc. Ad quem diem Cresseus, filius
Isaac, et Abraham Honprud venerunt et pro predicta manucapcione
finem fecerunt, sicut patet in Termino S. Trinitatis proximo sequente.
Et idem Aaron venit, et calumpniatus de predicta plata, et de aliis
diversis transgressionibus etc., et requisitus, quomodo se inde acquietare
voluerit, dicit, quod hec infamia sibi imposita est per suos emulos, et
libenter se acquietaret per Judeos tantum, set non per Christianos.
Et quia se non vult acquietare per Christianos et Judeos, secundum
Legem et Consuetudinem Judaismi, committitur Johanni de La Heth
et Ade Prodhome, ad ducendum ad prisonam de Herefordia, et ibidem
Yicecomiti liberandum, et in prisona custodiendum, quousque etc.
Postea finem fecit cum Domino Bege pro secta Begis relaxanda, sicut
in Termino proximo sequente.
Rot. 41, m. 5. Martinus, filius Gilberti Le Bas, civis Londoniensis, venit coram
etc., et recognovit per scriptum subscriptum in hec verba :— Omnibus
hoc scriptum visuris vel audituris Martinus, filius Gilberti Le Bas,
civis Londoniensis, salutem in Domino : — Noveritis me concessisse et
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1282-3 121
the Crown etc., and do the Justices to wit etc., for what cause he had
arrested him. And the said Aaron does not come, and the Constable
sends word, that, on the Friday next after the feast of the Nativity of
Blessed John the Baptist in the tenth year of the reign of King Edward,
the said Aaron came to the shop of Robert of Arras, goldsmith, and
offered him a plate of silver for sale before the eyes of many Christians
who were present in that same place ; in whose presence the said
Robert received the said plate from the said Jew, and when he had
weighed it, charged the said Jew, that the said plate was fused from
coin-clippings, and when the said Jew heard this, he snatched the
said plate from the hands of the said Robert, and ran off with it to
the bridge over the water which is called Avon, and threw the said
plate into the water, being followed by many Christians, who saw what
he did ; and by reason of the concourse and the general clamour the
said affair came to his, the Constable's, notice, and for that cause he
arrested the Jew and detained him in prison ; and pursuant to the
said writ he delivered the body of the said Aaron to Cresse, son of
Isaac, Cresse le Prestre, and Abraham Honprud, Jews, who main-
perned him, Aaron, to have his body before etc., and have him not.
And therefore the Constable is commanded, that he arrest them with
the said Aaron, and keep them safe, so that he have their bodies
before etc., to answer to the King, why they have not the said Aaron,
and touching certain charges to be made against them etc. On which
day Cresse, son of Isaac, and Abraham Honprud came and made fine
for the said mainprise, as appears in the roll of Holy Trinity Term next
following. And the said Aaron came, and was charged as to the said
plate, and divers other trespasses etc., and, being asked, how he would
acquit himself thereof, says, that this infamy is laid to his charge by
persons who have a grudge against him, and he craves leave to acquit
himself by Jews alone, and not by Christians. And because he refuses
to acquit himself by Christians and Jews, according to the Law and
Custom of Jewry, he is committed into the custody of John de La
Heth and Adam Prodhome, to take him to Hereford Gaol, and there to
deliver him to the Sheriff, to be kept in gaol, until etc. Thereafter
he made fine with our Lord the King for release of suit, as appears in
the roll of the Term next following.
London. Martin, son of Gilbert Le Bas, citizen of London, came before etc.,
and made acknowledgment by the underwritten writing to the effect
following : — To all who shall see or hear this writing Martin, son of
Gilbert Le Bas, citizen of London, greeting in the Lord : — Know that,
Warr. Leic.
122 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
hac present! carta omnino, de me et beredibus meis et assignatis, quieta
clarnasse in perpetuurn Magistro Elie, filio Magistri Mossei, Judeo,
Londonie, et toti cornmunitati Judeorurn Anglie, et heredibus eorum
et assignatis, pro x m. quas mibi dederunt pre manibus, totum jus et
clarnium quod babui, vel babere potui, in tota terra, cum domibus
superediricatis, quam Eicardus, filius Gilberti Le Bas, frater mens,
aliquando babuit in parocbia S. Egidii extra Crepilgate, inter terrain
que tunc fuit Magistri Johannis Eosemnnd (?) et nunc est Tbome
S. Laurentii, versus Aquilonem, et venellam, sicut vertitur ad Fossa-
turn Londonie, versus Austrum, et vicum Regis versus Orientem, et
Cimiterium totius communitatis Judeorurn Anglie versus Occidentem,
et illam totam integre et plenarie dicto Magistro Elie dedit et carta
sua confirrnavit sine ullis sibi retenementis, habendam sibi et corn-
munitati predicte, beredibus suis et assignatis, libere, quiete, bene,
integre et in pace in perpetuurn ; ita quod nee ego, beredes mei nee
assignati, nee aliqui alii per nos nee pro nobis, aliquod jus vel clarnium
in predicta terra, cum domibus superediricatis, nee in aliquo ad earn
pertinente, aliquo modo exigere poterimus de cetero vel vendicare ; et
ut bee mea concessio et quieta clamancia rata et stabilis in perpetuurn
permaneat, buic quiete clamancie sigilli mei impressionem apposui :
biis testibus : Dominis Hamone Hauteyn et Boberto de Ludbam,
Justiciariis etc.
Tbomas de Bromwicb, a quo exiguntur xx 1. de debito Mossei, filii
Leonis, Judei dampnati, tulit breve Eegis de Magno Sigillo in bee
verba : — Edwardus etc. Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judeorurn assig-
natis salutem. Ex querela Tbome filii Eogeri, de Bronnvicb, accepimus,
quod, cum ipse Mosseo, filio Leonis, Judeo nostro, Warrewici, parum
antequam idem Judeus pro retonsione monete nostre suspensus fuisset,
de tresdecim marcis, in quibus eidem Judeo tenebatur per quoddam
scriptum continens xx 1., quod in Arcba Cirograpborum adhuc residet,
sicut racionabiliter monstrare coram vobis paratus est, satisfecerit,
vos, nicbilominus, occasione suspensionis predicti Judei, et capcionis
debitorum et aliorum bonorum suorum in manum nostram, jam post
mortem ejus predictam pecuniam pretextu predicti scripti ab eodem
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1282-3 122
for myself and my heirs and assigns, I have granted and by this
present charter altogether quitclaimed for ever to Master Elias, son of
Master Moses, Jew, of London, and the entire community of the Jews
of England, and their heirs and assigns, for 10 marks which they
have given me in hand, all the right and claim which I had, or might
have, in all the land, with the houses thereon built, which Richard,
son of Gilbert Le Bas, my brother, once had in the parish of St. Giles
without Cripplegate, betwixt the land which then belonged to Master
John Rosamund (?) and now belongs to Thomas St. Laurence to-
wards the North, and the alley, as it curves to the Fosse of London,
towards the South, and the King's highway towards the East, and the
Cemetery of the entire community of the Jews of England towards
the West, all which he gave and by his charter confirmed in entire
and full right to the said Master Elias, without reservation of aught
to himself, to have to him and the said community,1 their heirs and
assigns, freely, quietly, well, in entirety, and in peace for ever ; so that
neither I, nor my heirs nor my assigns, nor any others through us or
for us, shall have power in future to exact or in any manner enforce
any right or claim in the said land and houses thereon built, or any
appurtenances thereof ; and that this my grant and quitclaim may
hold good and endure for ever unimpaired, I have hereto set my
seal : witness : Sir Hamo Hauteyn and Sir Robert de Ludham,
Justices etc.
Thomas of Bromwich, of whom are demanded £20 on account of
a debt due to Moses, son of Leo, Jew condemned, brought a writ of
the King under the Great Seal to the effect following : — Edward etc. to
his Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews greeting :— By plaint
of Thomas FitzRoger, of Bromwich, We are informed, that, notwith-
standing shortly before Moses, son of Leo, our Jew, of Warwick, was
hanged for coin-clipping, he discharged a debt of 13 marks, in which
he was bound to the said Jew by a writing containing £20, which is
still in the Chirograph-Chest, as he is rightfully ready to prove before
you, nevertheless you, by reason that the said Jew is hanged, and
that the debts due to him and his other goods are taken into our
hand, do now after his death set up the said writing, and thereunder
1 We can hardly doubt that it was thus site of the cemetery. See Stow, ' Survey of
intended to replace by a secret trust one of London,' ed. Strype, book iii. 88-9 ; and
the closed synagogues. Cf. Introduction, cf. A.-J.H.E.P. i. 35.
p. xl. Jewin Street still serves to fix the
]23 SCACCARIUM JUDEOKUM
Thoma ad opus nostrum exigitis, et eurn ad hoc distringi facitis, in
ipsius Thome dampnum non modicum et gravamen. Et quia super
premissis certiorari volumus, vobis mandamus, quod inspectis rotulis
Scaccarii predicti, et facta hide diligenti inquisicione, si necesse fuerit,
per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum, scilicet, tarn
Christianorum quam Judeorum, per quos rei Veritas melius sciri
poterit, utrum predictus Thomas, antequam debita et alia bona et
catalla predicti Judei ad manum nostram devenerunt, eidem Judeo de
predicta pecunia, prout debuit, satisfecerit, necne, et si sic, quo anno,
et quando, et in quorum presencia, et per quern, et qualiter et quomodo,
eandem inquisicionem distincte et aperte factam, sub sigillis vestris et
sigillis eorum per quos facta fuerit, Nobis sine dilacione mittatis, et hoc
breve, et districcionem ei ea occasione factam interim relaxetis. Teste
Me ipso apud Eothelan viij0 die Octobris anno regni nostri decimo.
Per ipsum Eegem.
Per hoc breve preceptum est Yicecomiti Warrewic', quod venire
faciat coram etc. apud Salopiam,1 a die Pasche in xv dies, sex
probos et legales homines de villa Warrewici, et Vicecomiti
Northampton', quod venire faciat coram etc., ad eundem diem,
sex legales Judeos de hiis qui solebant manere apud Warrewicum,
ad inquirendum in forma predicta super premissis veritatem, et
districcionem etc.
Ad quern diem inquisicio non venit, et preceptum est Vicecomiti,
sicut alias, a die S. Johannis in xv dies. Ad quern diem inquisicio
non venit, et preceptum est Vicecomiti, sicut pluries, a die S. Michaelis
in tres septimanas, nisi Hamo Hauteyn, Henricus de Bray, vel
Eobertus de Ludham interim etc.
Et dicti Henricus de Bray et Eobertus de Ludham venerunt ad
partes illas, et inde coram eis ceperunt inquisicionem per sacramentum
Henrici de Bromwich, Eicardi filii Henrici, Simonis de Eokeby,
Henrici Wodard, Eogeri de Stodle, Nicholai de Bruer, Christianorum ;
Isaac, filii Isaac, Abrahe de Eothewell, Saunte de Lincolnia, Sampsonis,
filii Samuelis, Mossei, filii Avegaye, et Benedicti Le Chapelein, Judeo-
rum. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod starrum, quod
predictus Thomas protulit coram etc., bonum est et legale, et quod per
xiij m. quietus esse debet de predicto debito xx 1., et quod dictas xiij m.
dicto Mosseo solvit in presencia Willelmi Hamelyn, tunc Vicecomitis, et
1 The Court had been removed to Shrews- 1282. Kot. Lit. Claus. 10 Ed. I. m. 8.
)ury, pursuant to a writ dated 10 April
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1282-3 123
of the said Thomas do demand the said money to our use, and
do cause him to be therefor distrained, to his, Thomas's, no small
damage and grievance. And because We would be certified touching
the premises, We command you, that you inspect the rolls of the said
Exchequer, and thereof make careful inquest, if need be, by oath of
true and lawful men, to wit, as well Christians as Jews, by whom the
truth of the matter may be the better known, whether the said Thomas
did, before the debts due to the said Jew and his other goods and
chattels came to our hand, discharge the said debt to the said Jew,
or no, and if he did so, in what year, and when, and by whom, and how
and in what manner, and in whose presence, and the said inquest,
wherein its effect shall plainly appear, do send to Us without delay
under your seals and the seals of those by whom it shall have been
made, and this writ, and in the meantime discharge the distress
made upon him for that cause. Witness Myself at Bhuddlan on
the 8th day of October in the tenth year of our reign. By the King
himself.
Pursuant to this writ the Sheriff of Warwickshire is commanded
to cause to come before etc. at Shrewsbury, on Easter quindene, six
true and lawful men of the town of Warwick, and the Sheriff of
Northamptonshire is commanded to cause to come before etc., on the
same clay, six lawful Jews of those who used to reside at Warwick, to
make inquest of the truth touching the premises in form aforesaid,
and the distress etc.
On which day the inquest did not come, and the Sheriff had
mandate, as before, for the quindene of St. John the Baptist. On
which day the inquest did not come, and the Sheriff had mandate, as
once and again, for Michaelmas three weeks, unless in the meantime
Hamo Hauteyn, Henry de Bray,1 or Eobert de Ludham etc.
And the said Henry de Bray and Eobert de Ludham came to those
parts, and took inquest of the matter by oath of Henry de Bromwich,
Richard FitzHenry, Simon de Eokeby. Henry Woodard, Eoger de
Studley, Nicholas de Bruer, Christians; Isaac, son of Isaac, Abraham
of Eothwell, Saunta of Lincoln, Sampson, son of Samuel, Moses, son
of Avegay, and Benedict Le Chapelein, Jews. Who say upon their
oath, that the starr, which the said Thomas produced before etc., is
good and lawful, and that thereby he is to be quit of the said debt of
£20 for 13 marks, and that he paid the said 13 marks to the said
Moses in presence of William Hanilyn, then Sheriff, and Peter de
1 Escheator for the hither side of Trent, Jews. Cal. Patent Eolls (Rolls Ser.), Ed. I.
not at this time a regular Justice of the 1281-92, pp. 35 et seq.
124 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Petri de Leicestria, videlicet, in duobus equis, precii ix m., et iiij m. in
denariis, quos idem Thomas solvit dicto Judeo in crastino S. Hillarii
anno Eegis Edwardi quarto. Et ista inquisicio capta fuit die Martis
in festo S. Margarete anno Eegis Edwardi xj°, apud Northamptonam,
coram predictis Eoberto de Ludham et Henrico de Bray.
DE QUINDENA S. HILLAEII ET IN CEASTINO PUBIFICA-
TIONIS BEATE MAEIE ANNO UNDECIMO.
iatnt2'm'Z' Simon de Wintonia, per attornatum suum, optulit se iiijt0 die versus
Nicholaum, filium Ade Thurmund, rectorem ecclesie de Winchefeld, de
placito acquietacionis debiti. Et ipse non venit. Et mandatum fuit
Episcopo Wintoniensi, quod ipsum distringeret per bona sua ecclesias-
tica, et quod haberet corpus ejus coram etc., hie. Et officialis Win-
toniensis mandavit, quod preceptum domini sui, Domini Episcopi, bona
ecclesiastica dicti Nicholai sequestravit et eum citavit, quod compareat
coram etc. a die Pasche in unum mensem, ad respondendum etc. Et
quod Episcopus tunc sit ibi auditurus judicium suum, eo quod breve
predictum non retornavit, sicut sibi mandatum fuit etc.
dorso. Suit.
Suss.
Preceptum fuit Vicecomiti, quod per visum proborum et legalium
hominum vendi faceret bona et catalla que cepit in manum Eegis de
bonis et catallis Willelmi de Heire et Matildis, uxoris sue, pro xx m. de
quodam debito xxx 1. quas Gamaliel de Oxonia, Judeus, recuperavit
versus predictos Willelmum et Matildem occasione quorundam reddi-
tuum, quos tenet, qui fuerunt Johannis de Canvile, et de denariis inde
provenientibus et aliis catallis dictorum Willelmi et Matildis fieri
faceret predictas xx m., et eas dicto Judeo vel nuncio liberaret, et quid
inde fecerit scire faceret Justiciariis etc. Et Vicecomes mandavit, quod
habet in custodia sua de catallis dictorum Willelmi et Matildis fieri
factas dictas xx m. Et eas habeat coram etc. a die Pasche in tres
septimanas, dicto Judeo solvendas etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1283 124
Leicester, to wit, by two horses, price 9 marks, and 4 marks in coin,
which the said Thomas delivered to the said Jew on the morrow of
St. Hilary in the fourth year of King Edward. And this inquest was
taken on Tuesday, the feast of St. Margaret, in the 11th year of
King Edward, at Northampton, before the said Robert de Ludham
and Henry de Bray.
THE QUINDENE OF ST. HILARY AND THE MORROW OF
THE PURIFICATION OF BLESSED MARY IN THE
ELEVENTH YEAR. [a.d. 1283.]
Simon of Winchester, by his attorney, offered himself on the fourth
day against Nicholas, son of Adam Thurmund, rector of the church of
Winchfield, touching a plea of acquittance of debt. And he did not
come. And the Bishop of Winchester was commanded to distrain
him by his chattels ecclesiastical, and to have his body before etc.,
here. And the official of Winchester sent word, that by precept of his
lord, the Lord Bishop, the chattels ecclesiastical of the said Nicholas
have been sequestrated, and he himself has been cited to appear before
etc. a month after Easter, to answer etc. And let the Bishop then be
there to hear his judgment, because he did not return the said writ,
as he was commanded etc.
The Sheriff was commanded, that by view of true and lawful men
he cause to be sold the goods and chattels which, of the goods and
chattels of William de Heire and Matilda, his wife, he took into
the King's hand for 20 marks of a debt of £30 which Gamaliel of
Oxford, Jew, recovered against the said William and Matilda in
respect of certain rents, which he holds, which belonged to John de
Canville, and that of the moneys thence issuing and other chattels
of the said William and Matilda he cause to be made the said 20
marks, and deliver them to the said Jew or his agent, and do the
Justices etc. to wit, what in that regard he shall have done. And the
Sheriff sent word, that he has in his keeping the said 20 marks made
of the chattels of the said William and Matilda. And let him have
them before etc. three weeks after Easter, that they be paid to the
said Jew etc.
125 SCACCAETUM JUDEOEUM
DE TEEMINO PASCHE ANNO UNDECIMO.
Cum Josceus Le Clerk, de Stanford-super-Soram, Eogerus Carpen-
taria, de eadem, Thomas de Leyk', Johannes de Ulnethorp', manens
in Stanford-super-Soram, Eobertus de Hotot, manens in Stanford-
super-Soram, Godefridus Carpentarius, de eadem, et Stephanus Asby,
de Eempiston, tenentes quasdam partes terrarum que fuerunt Eogeri
filii Eogeri, de Stanford-super-Soram, districti fuissent ad reddendum
Eegi porciones ipsos contingentes occasione predietarum terrarum
quas tenent, que fuerunt predicti Eogeri, de quodam debito x m.
de debito Samuelis, filii Mossei, de Pavely, Judei ad Fidem Chris-
tianam conversi, per Willelrnum, filium Anketini, de Stanford-super-
Soram, venerunt coram Justiciariis etc., et dicunt, quod non tenentur
de aliqua porcione dicti debiti x m. respondere, eo quod satisfecerunt
predicto Samueli de porcionibus ipsos contingentibus, tempore quo
habuit liberam administracionem bonorum suorum, et antequam se
convertit ad Fidem Christianam, et eis inde starrum fecit de acquie-
tancia ; et de hoc ponunt se super patriam. Et preceptum est Vice-
comiti, quod venire faciat coram etc., a die Sancti Johannis Baptiste,
Cirographarios Christianos et Judeos Arche Cirographorum Noting-
ham', et sex probos et legales homines de visneto de Stanford-super-
Soram, et sex legales Judeos de villa Notingham', per quos etc., et qui
nulla etc., ad recognoscendum in forma predicta etc.
INQUISICIO CAPTA COEAM H. HAUTEYN APUD TUBBIM
LONDONIE IN CEASTINO CLAUSI PASCHE.
Cum Jacobus de Bedford, Benne de Bedford, Josceus Batecok',
Judei, rettati essent de quadam roberia xxviij et xij m. facta
apud Bedford super quosdam mercatores extraneos, et Willelmus
Le Gaoler, racione consensus hujus roberie, capti essent et impri-
sonati apud Bedford, preceptum fuit Vicecomiti, quod predictos
Jacobum et alios sub salvo et securo conductu duci faceret usque
Turrim Londonie, ita quod ipsos habeat coram etc. in crastino Clausi
Pasche, ad standum recto etc., et scire faceret omnibus versus ipsos
prosequi volentibus quod sint ibidem, si sibi viderint expedire etc., et
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1283 125
EASTER TERM IN THE ELEVENTH YEAR.
Whereas Joce Le Clerc, of Stanford-on-Soar, Roger Carpenter, of
the same place, Thomas of Leake, John of Owthorpe,1 residing at
Stanford-on-Soar, Robert of Hotot, residing at Stanford-on-Soar,
Godfrey Carpenter, of the same place, and Stephen Ash by, of Remp-
stone, tenants of certain parcels of land which belonged to Roger Fitz-
Roger, of Stanford-on-Soar, were distrained to render to the King the
portions, for which, in respect of their tenure of the said lands which
belonged to the said Roger, they are liable, of a certain debt of 10
marks, owing to Samuel, son of Moses, of Pavely, Jew converted
to the Christian Faith ; they, by William, son of Anketin, of Stanford-
on-Soar, came before the Justices etc., and say, that they are not
bound to answer for any portion of the said debt of 10 marks, because
they satisfied the said Samuel in respect of the portions for which
they were liable, while he was still free to dispose of his chattels, and
before he was converted to the Christian Faith, and he made them a
starr of acquittance thereof ; and touching this they put themselves
upon the country. And the Sheriff is commanded to cause to come
before etc., on the day of St. John the Baptist, the Christian and
Jewish Chirographers of the Nottingham Chirograph-Chest, and six
true and lawful men of the venue of Stanford-on-Soar, and six lawful
Jews of the town of Nottingham, by whom etc., and who by no affinity
etc., to recognise in form aforesaid etc.
INQUEST TAKEN BEFORE HAMO HAUTEYN AT THE TOWER
OF LONDON ON THE MORROW OF THE CLOSE OF
EASTER.
Whereas, upon a charge of robbery of eight and twenty and
twelve marks done at Bedford upon certain foreign merchants,
Jacob of Bedford, Benne of Bedford, and Joce Batecock, Jews, and
William Le Gaoler, for complicity in the robbery, were taken and
imprisoned at Bedford, the Sheriff was commanded, that he cause the
said Jacob and the others to be brought under safe and sure conduct
to the Tower of London, so that he have them before etc., on the
morrow of the Close of Easter, to stand to right etc., and that he do
all intending to prosecute them to wit, that they be at the same
place, if they deem it expedient, and that he cause to come before
1 See Thoroton, Nottinghamshire, ed. Throsby, i. 157.
12G SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
quod venire faceret coram etc., ad eundem diem, xij etc. de villa Bed-
ford, et xij etc. de visneto forinseco etc., per quos etc., ad recognoscen-
dum veritatem in premissis, si necesse fuerit.
Ad quern diem predicti Jacobus et alii veniunt coram etc., per
Vicecomitem Bedford' etc., et patria venit etc. ; et predicti Jacobus
et alii inculpati per H. Hauteyn de predicta roberia per ipsos facta in
partibus Bedford' super quosdam mercatores extraneos de predicta
pecunia xxviij et xij in., quomodo se velint quietare.1 Et predicti
Jacobus et alii veniunt et defendunt omnem feloniam et quicquid
etc., et dicunt, quod numquam aliquam roberiam fecerunt super dictos
mercatores, nee alios; et de hoc ponunt se super patriam, videlicet,
Christianos et Judeos. Et quia Judei non fuerunt prompti ad facien-
dum recognitionem cum Christianis etc., datus est dies recognitoribus
in panello Vicecomitis contentis, de die in diem usque die Dominica
proxima sequenti,2 et interim Josceus Batecok' et Jacobus de Bedford
tendebant dare predicto Hamoni xxx m., ut ipsos adjuvaret, et per sicut
idem Josceus faceret commodum Domini Regis ad valenciam M m.,
et insuper, factum suum in premissis omnino recognoscerent. Et
predictus Hamo predictas xxx m. recepit ad opus Domini Regis.
Postea, ad predictum diem Dominicum '2 patria venit, tarn per
Christianos quam Judeos etc. ; et predicti Jacobus et alii veniunt et
fatentur fecisse quandam defraudacionem quibusdam mercatoribus de
predicta pecunia, et dicunt, quod illi mercatores venerunt apud
Bedford, et petiebant platas emendas de retonsura monete, et ipsi,
non habentes, asserebant se habere usque ad nongentas libras, vide-
licet, libram pro xij s. ; et in subarracione dicti mercatores solverunt
eis xxviij et xij m., et de residuo dicti mercatores fecerunt eisdem Judeis
unum scriptum obligatorium, continens circa xxx saccos lane, sub
nominibus Bonhri de La Mote et Joscei Batecok' Judei ; quam quidem
pecuniam ita recognoscunt se recepisse, et dictos mercatores de pre-
dicta pecunia defraudarunt ; et quod aliter earn non habuerunt, petunt
quod inquiratur.
Et patria venit per Alanum Marescallum, Adam ad Aquam, Christia-
nos etc., et per Isaac Cochard, Cressandinum, et alios Judeos etc., prout
patet etc., juratores etc. Qui dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod
Requisiti sunt ' is implied in ' inculpati.' 2 Sic.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1283 126
etc., on the same clay, twelve etc. of the town of Bedford, and twelve
etc. of the outer : venue etc., by whom etc., to recognise the truth in
the premises, if it be necessary.
On which day the said Jacob and the others come before etc., by
the Sheriff of Bedford etc., and the country comes etc. ; and the said
Jacob and the others, charged by Hamo Hauteyn with the said
robbery of the said money, to wit, the eight and twenty and twelve
marks, done at or near Bedford on certain foreign merchants, are
asked, how they mean to acquit themselves thereof. And the said
Jacob and the others come and make defence to all the felony and
whatever etc., and say, that they never did any robbery on the said
merchants, nor on any others ; and touching this they put themselves
upon the country, to wit, upon Christians and Jews. And because
the Jews were not ready to make recognition with the Christians etc.,2
a day is given to the recognitors on the Sheriff's panel, day by day
until the Sunday next following, and in the meantime Joce Batecock
and Jacob of Bedford offered to give the said Hamo 30 marks, that he
should help them, and the said Joce would accommodate the King to
the amount of 1,000 marks, and furthermore, they would acknowledge
all that they had done in the premises. And the said Hamo received
the said 30 marks to the use of the King.
Afterwards, on the said Sunday the country comes, as well by
Christians as by Jews etc., and the said Jacob and the others come
and confess, that they committed a fraud upon certain merchants
touching the said money, and say, that the merchants came to
Bedford, and offered to buy of them plates fused from coin-clippings,
and they, not having them, said, that they had them to the value of
£900, to wit, one pound for 12s. ; and by way of earnest the said
merchants paid them eight and twenty and twelve marks, and for the
residue the said merchants made to them, the said Jews, a writing of
obligation, for about 30 sacks of wool, under the names of Bonin de
La Motte and Joce Batecock, the Jew ; which money they thus acknow-
ledge that they received, and that they defrauded the said merchants
of the said money ; and that they had it not otherwise, thereof they
pray that inquest be had.
And the country comes by Alan Marshall, Adam Atwater, Chris-
tians etc., and by Isaac Cochard, Cressandin, and other Jews etc., as
appears etc., jurors etc. Who say on their oath, that the said
1 Because the merchants were strangers, by the so-called statute printed in Appendix
2 Here again it is noticeable that the V. See p. Ixi, supra,
exigency is not met in the manner authorised
ib. m. 5,
Bristoll.
127 SCACCARIOI JUDEORUM
predicti Judei non fecerunt aliquam roberiam super dictos rnercatores,
set quod dictam pecuniarn, et plus quain potest eis ad presens constare,
racione platarum ab eisdeni Judeis emendarum, tradiderunt predictia
Judeis, et quod "Willelrnus Le Gaoler consentiens fuit predicte defrau-
dacioni. Et quia compertum est per eandern inquisicionem, quod
dicti Jacobus et alii defraudarunt predictos mercatores de predicta
pecunia, et maxime per platas quas promiserunt eis vendidisse, com-
rnittuntur prisone etc., quousque Donrinus Rex etc. Postea requisiti
predicti Judei, ubi dicta sit pecunia, et ad quorum manus devenerit.
Qui dicunt, quod Benne de Bedford, unus ex predictis Judeis, recepit
de Bonino de La Mote et Jakemino, socio suo, rnercatoribus, xvij m.,
et per rnanurn Joscei Batecok xvj m. ; et hoc idem predictus Benne,
qui presens fuit, recognovit. Item, Jacobus de Bedford, unus ex iisdem
Judeis, recognovit se habere quoddam scriptum obligatorium sub
nominibus Bonini de La Mote et Joscei Batecok de xxx saccis lane.
Item, idem Jacobus recognovit se recepisse de Bonino de La Mote xl m.
Item, iidem Benne, Jacobus et Josceus dicunt, quod Benne, frater
Jacobi de Bedford, habuit xl s. Item, Willelrnus Le Gaoler habuit x m.
Quidam vadletti ipsos auxiliantes ij m. et dim. Requisiti, ubi residuum
devenerit, dicunt, quod distribuebant inter se et expendiderunt, et
dederunt ballivis et aliis diversis hominibus, ut ipsos adjuvarent etc.
Cum Aaron de Hibernia, Judeus, filius Benjamin de Colecestria,
imprisonatus fuisset et per multum tempus in prisona detentus pro
quadam plata de retonsura monete, quani projecisse debuit in Avonam
apud Bristoll', prout Constabularius mandat, et pro aliis transgres-
sionibus et decepcionibus sibi impositis, pro secta Regis relaxanda dat
iij.bisa Piegi iij biss. per plegios, Isaac le Eveske, de Londonia, Pictavinum,
filium Sampsonis, et Meir de Bruges, unde unusquisque eorum manu-
cepit satisfacere de j biss. ; et dat Regi viij s. redditus in Colecestria in
perpetuum pro predicta secta Regis relaxanda. Et preceptum est
Yicecomiti Essexe, quod diligenter inquirat quas domos, redditus etc.
dictus Aaron habuit in Colecestria, et ilia capiat in manum Regis, ita
quod de cetero hide possit Regi respondere, et quid etc. scire faciat etc.
in quindena S. Johannis. Et idem Aaron pro predicta transgressione
sibi imposita abjuravit villain Bristoll', ita quod post diem S. Johannis
proximo futuram non intrabit villain Bristoll' sine speciali mandato
Domini Regis.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1283 127
Jews did no robbery upon the said merchants, but that the said money,
with more than they are able at present to certify, was given by
the said merchants to the said Jews on account of the intended pur-
chase of plates from the said Jews, and that William Le Gaoler was
a consenting party in the said fraud. And because it is found by the
said inquest, that the said Jacob and the others defrauded the said
merchants of the said money, and that too by means of a promise to
sell them plates, they are committed to prison etc., until our Lord
the King etc. Thereafter the said Jews are asked, where the said
money is, and into whose hands it came. Who say, that Benne of
Bedford, one of the said Jews, received from Bonin de La Motte and
Jakemin, his partner, merchants, 17 marks, and by the hand of Joce
Batecock 16 marks ; and this the said Benne, who was present,
acknowledged. And Jacob of Bedford, one of the said Jews, acknow-
ledged, that he had a writing of obligation under the names of Bonin
de La Motte and Joce Batecock for 30 sacks of wool. And the said
Jacob acknowledged, that he received from Bonin de La Motte 40
marks. And the said Benne, Jacob, and Joce say that Benne,
brother of Jacob of Bedford, had 40s. And William Le Gaoler had
10 marks. Certain servants who helped them had 2^ marks. Asked,
where the rest went to, they say, that they shared it among them and
spent it, and gave it to bailiffs and sundry other men, that they should
help them.
Whereas Aaron, of Ireland, Jew, son of Benjamin of Colchester,
was imprisoned and long detained in prison on account of a plate fused
from coin-clippings, which he would appear to have thrown into the
Avon at Bristol, as the Constable sends word, and for other trespasses
and frauds laid to his charge, he now, for release of suit, gives to the
King 3 bezants by pledges, Isaac le Eveske, of London, Pictavin, son
of Sampson, and Meir, of Bridgnorth, each of whom undertook to
answer for a bezant ; and he also gives the King 8s. of rent in Col-
chester for ever for the said release of suit. And the Sheriff of Essex
is commanded, that he inquire diligently what houses, rents etc. the
said Aaron had in Colchester, and take them into the King's hand,
so that thenceforth he may answer therefor to the King, and do the
Justices to wit what etc. on the quindene of St. John. And for the
said trespass laid to his charge the said Aaron has abjured the town of
Bristol, so that he will not enter the town of Bristol without special
mandate of the King after the day of St. John the Baptist next to
be.
128 SCACOARIUM JUDEORUM
ib.m.9. Cum Willelmus Peyuteuin, de Addinglega, districtus fuisset ad
reddendum Eegi xx 1. de debitis Mossei, filii Bonefey, pro transgres-
sions monete forisfactis, venit coram etc., et dicit, quod satisfecit pre-
dicto Mosseo de predictis xx 1. tempore quo habuit administracionem
bonorum suorum, et starrum acquietancie ei inde fecit, quod protulifc
coram etc., in bee verba :— Ego, Mosseus, films' Bonefey, Judeus,
Eboraci, recognovi per hoc presens starrum meuin, quod Willelmus
Peyuteuin, de Addinglega, et omnes heredes et assignati sui sunt quieti
de me, dicto Mosseo, et de omnibus heredibus meis et assignatis, de
quadam carta que loquitur de xl 1. per Archain Cirograpborum Eboraci
sub nomine dicti Willelmi et nomine meo, Mossei, ab origine mundi
usque ad finem seculi, et omnibus aliis debitis, in quibus dictus
Willelmus unquam michi, dicto Mosseo, tenebatur, per cartas, tallias,
vel per aliqua alia instrumenta, pro se ipso, vel pro aliis, sive pro plegiis
aliorum ab origine mundi usque ad festum S. Michaelis anno regni
Begis Edwardi quinto ; et ego, dictus Mosseus et heredes mei dictum
Willelmum et heredes suos et assignatos versus omnes homines, tarn
Christianos quam Judeos, occasione predicte carte et occasione alicujus
debiti in quo dictus Willelmus unquam michi, dicto Mosseo, usque ad
festum S. Michaelis anno regni Kegis Edwardi quinto tenebatur,
acquietabimus et itidempnes inperpetuum conservabimus. In cujus
rei testimonium presens scriptum litera mea Ebraica consignavi.
Et quod satisfecit dicto Mosseo tempore licito et debito, ut supra-
dictum est, ponit se super patriam. Et preceptum est Vicecomiti,
quod distringat Thomam de Benyngburgo et alios recognitores dicte
inquisicionis per terras etc., et quod habeat corpora eorum coram etc.,
a die S. Michaelis in xv dies etc., nisi Nicholaus de Stapiltona
prius etc.
Postea Nicholaus de Stapiltona retornavit inquisicionem a die
S- Trinitatis in xv dies coram eo factam per sacramentum Thome de
Benyngburgo, Ade de Benyngburgo, et aliorum Christianorum, Mossei
de Coltona, Jacobi Le Kuby, et aliorum Judeorum. Qui dicunt, quod
Willelmus de Addinglega satisfecit Mosseo, filio Bonefey, Judeo, de
quodam debito xx 1., et inde idem Mosseus fecit starrum predicto
Willelmo de acquietancia, uno anno elapso antequam Judei Anglie pro
tonsura monete capti essent per communitatem per preceptum Kegis,
et eo tempore quo fecit starrum predictum, habuit liberam administra-
cionem bonorum suorum. Ideo concessum est, quod predictus Willel-
mus Peyuteuin de predicto debito xx 1. sit quietus, et quod carta de
eodem debito eidem liberetur quiete dampnata. Et preceptum est
Vicecomiti, quod pro eodem debito ipsum non distringat etc.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.U. 1283 128
Whereas William Peitevin, of Headingley, was distrained to pay the
King £20 of the debts owing to Moses, son of Bonefey, forfeited for
trespass of coinage, he comes before etc., and says, that he paid the
said Moses the said £20, and the said Moses, having then free disposal
of his goods, made him a starr of acquittance thereof, which he pro-
duced before etc., to the effect following : — I, Moses, son of Bonefey,
Jew, of York, have acknowledged by this my present starr, that
William Peitevin, of Headingley, and all his heirs and assigns are emit
as to me, the said Moses, and all my heirs and assigns, of a charter
which speaks of £40 through the York Chirograph-Chest under the
names of the said William and me, Moses, from the beginning to the
end of the world, and of all other debts, in which the said William
was ever bound to me, the said Moses, by charters, tallies, or any other
instruments, upon his own account, or upon account of others or their
pledges, from the beginning of the world to the feast of St. Michael in
the fifth year of the reign of King Edward ; and I, the said Moses,
and my heirs will the said William and his heirs and assigns acquit
and for ever keep indemnified against all men, as well Christians as
Jews, in regard of the said charter and of any debt in which the said
William was ever bound to me, the said Moses, to the feast of St.
Michael in the fifth year of the reign of King Edward. In witness
whereof I have signed this present writing in my Hebrew character.
And that he paid the said Moses at a lawful and proper time, as to
this he puts himself upon the country. And the Sheriff is com-
manded, that he distrain Thomas de Benningbrough and the other
recognitors of the said inquest by lands etc., and have their bodies
before etc., on the quindene of St. Michael etc., unless before then
Nicholas de Stapilton etc.
Afterwards Nicholas de Stapilton returned the inquest made before
him on the quindene of Holy Trinity by oath of Thomas de Benning-
brough, Adam de Benningbrough, and other Christians, Moses of
Colton, Jacob Le Euby, and other Jews. Who say, that William of
Headingley discharged a debt of £20 to Moses, son of Bonefey, Jew,
and thereof the said Moses made the said William a starr of acquit-
tance, one year before the arrest by royal warrant of the entire Jewry
of England for coin-clipping, and that when he made the said starr he
had the free disposal of his goods. It is therefore granted, that the
said William Peitevin be quit of the said debt of £20, and that the
charter for the said debt be delivered to him quit and cancelled.
And the Sheriff is commanded, that he distrain him not for the said
debt etc.
Rot. 44, m. 3.
Devon.
Bristoll.
120 SCACCAEIUM JUDEORUM
DE TEEMINO S. TRINITATIS. AD SCACCAEIUM
JUDEOBUM APUD SALOPIAM.
Cum Adam, filius Hamonis de La Mare, de Caluistona, districtus
fuisset ad reddendum Eegi xxxviij m., que ab eo exiguntur per
Bummonicionem Scaccarii Judaismi, de debito Hamonis predicti, patris
sui, in quo Cresseus, filius Milonis le Eveske, Judeus, Bristoll', tulit
breve Eegis de Magno Sigillo in hec verba :— Edwardus etc. Justiciariis
suis ad custodiam Judaismi assignatis salutem : — Quia Adam de La
Mare clamat habere acquietanciam de xxx et viij m., que ab eo
exiguntur per summonicionem Scaccarii Judaismi nostri, de debitis
in quibus Hamo de La Mare, pater predicti Ade, quondam tenebatur
Cresseo, filio Milonis, Judeo, Bristoll', per starrum quod idem Adam
hide habet, vobis mandamus, quod, inspecto starro predicto et inqui-
sita ulterius veritate, si vobis constare poterit, quod predictus Adam
de dicta pecunia quietus esse debeat, tunc ipsum hide quietum esse
faciatis, prout de jure et secundum Legem et Consuetudinem Judaismi
nostri fuerit factum. Teste Me ipso apud Eothlan xxvij0 die Junii
anno regni nostri xj°.
Et per hoc breve preceptum est Vicecomiti Somersete, quod venire
faciat coram etc., a die S. Michaelis in xv dies, sex probos et legales
homines de visneto de Caluistona ; et Constabulario Bristoll', quod
venire faciat coram etc. sex legales Judeos de villa Bristoll', per quos
etc., ad recognoscendum etc., si predictus Hamo satisfecit dicto
Judeo de dicto debito, tempore quo etc., et starrum acquietancie ei
fecit etc., sicut predictus Adam dicit. Ad quem diem inquisicio
venit per Johannem de Berewik', Eobertum de Cumptona, et alios
Christianos, Isaac de Karleun, Josceum de Karleun, et alios Judeos,
sicut patet inter brevia Termini S. Michaelis proximo sequentis retor-
nata. Qui dicunt supra sacramentum suum, quod starrum, quod pre-
dictus Adam protulit coram etc., de acquietancia dicti debiti, ut dicit,
in hec verba : — Cresseus le Eveske recognovit per starrum suum,
quod Hamo de Caluistona et heredes sui quieti sunt de ipso Judeo
et heredibus suis, a creacione seculi usque S. Johannis Evangeliste
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1263 129
HOLY TEINITY TEEM. AT THE EXCHEQUER OF THE
JEWS AT SHREWSBURY.
Whereas Adam, son of Hanio de La Mare, of Caluiston,1 was dis-
trained to pay the King 38 marks, which are demanded from him by
summons of the Exchequer of Jewry, on account of a debt of the said
Hamo, his father, in respect of which Cresse, son of Milo le Eveske,
Jew, of Bristol, brought a writ of the King under the Great Seal to
the effect following : — Edward etc. to his Justices assigned to the
custody of the Jews greeting :— Whereas Adam de La Mare, touching
38 marks, which are demanded from him by summons of the
Exchequer of our Jewry, on account of debts in which Hamo de La
Mare, father of the said Adam, was formerly bound to Cresse, son of
Milo, Jew, of Bristol, claims to have acquittance by starr which he,
the said Adam, has thereof, We command you, that you inspect the
said starr, and further inquire, whether it be a true starr, and if you
shall be satisfied, that the said Adam ought to be quit touching the
said money, then you make him quit thereof, in such wise as it may
rightfully be done according to the Law and Custom of our Jewry.
Witness Myself at Rhuddlan on the 27th day of June in the 11th
year of our reign.
x\nd by virtue of this writ the Sheriff of Somerset is commanded
to cause to come before etc., on Michaelmas quindene, six true and
lawful men of the venue of Caluiston ; and the Constable of Bristol
is commanded to cause to come before etc. six lawful Jews of the town
of Bristol, by whom etc., to recognise etc., if the said Hamo discharged
the said debt to the said Jew at a time when etc., and if the said
Jew made him a starr of acquittance etc., as the said Adam says.
On which day came the inquest by John de Berwick, Robert de
Compton, and other Christians, Isaac of Caerleon, Joce of Caerleon,
and other Jews, as appears among the returns of the writs of
Michaelmas Term next following. Who say upon their oath, that
the starr, which the said Adam produced before etc., by way of
acquittance of the said debt, as he says, to the effect following : —
Cresse le Eveske acknowledged by his starr, that Hamo de Caluiston
and his heirs are quit as to him, the Jew, and his heirs, of all debts
and claims, from the beginning of the world to the feast of St. John
1 Perhaps Callow Weston, Stalbrulge, diction. Nor was the accuracy of the
Dorset. Hutchins, Dorset, 2nd ed. iii. 243. scribes such as to preclude the assignment
Somerset and Dorset had a common sheriff, of a wrong venue in the margin,
but Devonshire was under a separate juris
130 SCACCARIUM JUDEOBUM
infra Natale Domini anno Eegis Henrici xliij0, de omnibus debitis et
calumpniis, et eciam dictus Judeus debet acquietare dictum Hamonem
de iij s., in quibus tenebatur Isaac de Karleun, Judeo, a die S. Martini
in xv dies anno Eegis Henrici xl° — non est factum dicti Cressei, nee
maim sua signatum, nee quod per predictum starrum de predictis
xxxviij m. quietus esse debet. Et ideo consideratum est, quod pre-
dictus Adam de predictis xxxviij m., ut prius, remaneat oneratus, et
pro predicto falso starro, quod protulit, in misericordia. Et non
committitur prisone, quia dictum starrum fuit factum patris sui, et
non suum.
DE TEEMINO S. TBINITATIS ANNO DUODECIMO.
Rot 45, m. 2. Joceus, filius Sauloti, Judeus, venire fecit Abbatem de Eynesham,
tenentem quamdam partem reddituum qui fuerunt Willelmi Caperun,
et exigit ab eo viginti novem solidos de catallo et lucrum hide emersum
ante Statuta Eegis, quos ei debet occasione predictorum reddituum
etc., quos tenet per cirographum lx s., unde altera pars est in Archa
Cirographorum Londonie, ut dicit.
Et predictus Abbas, per attornatum suum, venit et dicit, quod
non tenet aliquem redditum in Histona quern predictus Willelmus
Caperun vendere, alienare, vel invadiare potuit, et de hoc ponit se
super patriam. Et predictus Joceus similiter. Et preceptum est
Vicecomiti, quod venire faciat coram etc., a die S. Johannis Baptiste
in tres septimanas, xij etc. de visneto de Histona, per quos etc., et qui
nulla etc., ad recognoscendum in forma predicta.
Petrus de Ore pro pluribus defaltis versus Gamaliel de Oxonia
Judeum in misericordia.
Gamaliel de Oxonia, Judeus, venire fecit Petrum de Ore, tenentem
quamdam partem terrarum que fuerunt Simonis de Ordeistona, et
exigit ab eo c s. de catallo et lx s. de lucro inde ante Statuta Eegis
emerso, quos ei debet occasione predictarum terrarum etc., per ciro-
graphum xvij m., unde altera pars est in Archa Cirographorum Oxonie,
ut dicit.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, AD. 1284 130
the Evangelist at Christmastide in the forty-third year of King
Henry, and the said Jew is also bound to acquit the said Hamo of 3s.,
in which he was bound to Isaac of Caerleon, Jew, on Martinmas
quindene in the fortieth year of King Henry — that the starr afore-
said is not the deed of the said Cresse, nor signed with his hand, nor
ought the said Adam to be quit of the said 38 marks by virtue of the
said starr. And therefore it is adjudged, that the said Adam remain,
as before, charged with the said 38 marks, and by reason of the
false starr, which he produced, be in mercy. And he is not com-
mitted to prison, because the said starr was made by his father, and
not by himself.
HOLY TRINITY TERM IN THE TWELFTH YEAR. [a.d. 1284.]
Joce, son of Saulot, Jew, caused to come the Abbot of Eynsham,
tenant of part of the rents which belonged to William Caperun, and
demands from him 29s., principal, and interest thence arisen before
the Statutes ' of the King, which moneys he owes him in respect of
the said rents, which rents the Jew holds by virtue of a chirograph
for 60s., of which the other part is in the London Chirograph-Chest,
so he says.
And the said Abbot, by his attorney, comes and says, that he holds
no rent in Histon which the said William Caperun was able to sell,
alienate, or give in gage, and as to this he puts himself upon the
country. And the said Joce likewise. And the Sheriff is commanded
to cause to come before etc., on St. John the Baptist's day three
weeks, 12 etc. of the venue of Histon, by whom etc., and who by no
affinity etc., to recognise in form aforesaid.
Peter de Ore in mercy for several defaults against Gamaliel of
Oxford, Jew.
Gamaliel of Oxford, Jew, caused to come Peter de Ore, tenant of
part of the lands which belonged to Simon de Ordeiston, and demands
from him 100s., principal, and 60s., interest thence arisen before the
Statutes of the King, which moneys he owes him in respect of the said
lands etc., by chirograph for 17 marks, of which the other part is in
the Oxford Chirograph-Chest, so he says.
1 Cf. p. 117 supra, note. Here also the V., during which interest could accrue.
Statute of 1275 can alone be intended, for There is no trace of any enactment on the
there could be no interval between it and subject of usury intermediate between that
the so-called statute printed in Appendix date and this.
131 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
Predictus Petrus vcnit et peciit diem premeditandi, et habet a die
S. Johannis Baptiste in tres septimanas.
i.b- m- G- Catalla Magistri Elie, Judei, def uncti.
Loud. ° ' '
Inquisicio facta die Martis proxima post festuni S. Barnabe
Apostoli coram Johanne de Kirkeby, Thesaurario ; Eogero de North-
wode, Johanne de Cobbeham, Petro de Cestre, Baronibus ; Philippo de
Wyleuby, Cancellario de Scaccario, et Boberto de Ludham, Justiciario ad
custodiam Judeorum assignato ; anno regni Begis Edwardi duodecimo ;
de bonis et catallis que Magister Elias, filius Magistri Mossei, Judeus,
defunctus, habuit die quo egrotavit etc., ut in auro et argento etc. ; per
sacramentum Henrici Le Cofrer, Johannis Skip, Bogeri Le Barber,
Walteri Le Waleis, Johannis Le Cofrer, Thome de La Corner, "Walteri
Gratefige, Nicholai de Bechesworth, Galfridi de Balesham, peletarii,
Johannis de Peseruerche, bokeler', "Willelmi de Notingham, peyntour, et
Johannis de Boulers, hauberg', Christianorum ; Gamaliel de Oxonia,
Manseri, filii Aaron, Isaac de Blaungy, Isaac Le Clerk, Mossei Crespin,
Isaac le Eveske, Cresse, filii Cresse, Benedicti Bateman, Diei le
Eveske, Manseri Le Despenser, Elie de Cornehill et Sampsonis de
Baleghe, Judeorum. Qui dicunt, quod predictus Magister Elias habuit
die quo egrotavit, ut in auro et argento, jocalibus, vadiis et omnibus
aliis mobilibus, ad valenciam cccc m., et domos, in qnibus habitare
solebat, que valent per annum c s. Summa cclxxj 1. xiij s.
iiij d. Que mobilia et domus, cum pertinenciis, post mortem dicti
Judei remanserunt in manibus Elorie, que fuit uxor predicti Magistri
Elie. Et predicta Floria venit coram predictis Thesaurario et aliis
supradictis, et finem fecit gratis pro predictis catallis habendis, et
domo quain diet us Judeus inhabitare solebat, tenendis quamdiu
vixerit, per cccc m., solvendo Begi c m. ad Scaccarium in festo
Nativitatis S. Johannis Baptiste anno regni Begis Edwardi xij°, et
c m. ad Scaccarium ad festum S. Michaelis in Termino, anno pre-
dicto Begis xij° incipiente xiij0, et c m. in festo Hillarii proximo
sequente, et c m. ad Scaccarium Pasche in termino proximo sequente.
Et preceptum est Constabulario Turns, quod predicte Florie de pre-
dictis catallis et domo liberam permittat habere administracionem etc.
Floria, que fuit uxor Magistri Elie, filii Magistri Mossei, tulit breve
Begis de Magno Sigillo in hec verba : — Edwardus etc. Justiciariis suis
ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis salutem : — Mandamus vobis, quod
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1284 131
The said Peter came and craved time to consider of it, and has
it by adjournment to St. John the Baptist's day three weeks.
Chattels of Master Elias, Jew, deceased.
Inquest made on the Tuesday next after the feast of St. Barnabas
the Apostle in the twelfth year of the reign of King Edward, before John
de Kirkeby, Treasurer; Boger de Northwood, John de Cobham, Peter
de Chester, Barons ; Philip de Willoughby, Chancellor of the Exchequer ;
and Robert de Ludham, Justice assigned to the custody of the Jews ;
touching the goods and chattels which Master Elias, son of Master
Moses, Jew, defunct, had on the day when he fell ill etc., in gold and
silver etc. ; by oath of Henry Le Coffrer, John Skip, Roger Le Barber,
Walter Le Waleis, John Le Coffrer, Thomas de La Corner, Walter
Gratefige, Nicholas de Betchworth, Geoffrey of Balesham, skinner,
John of Peasmarsh, buckler-maker, William of Nottingham, painter,
and John of Roulers, hauberk-maker, Christians ; Gamaliel of Oxford,
Manser, son of Aaron, Isaac of Blangy, Isaac Le Clerc, Moses
Crespin, Isaac le Eveske, Cresse, son of Cresse, Benedict Bateman,
Diaia le Eveske, Manser Le Despenser, Elias of Cornhill, and Sampson
of Rayleigh, Jews. Who say, that the said Master Elias had on the
day when he fell ill, in gold and silver, jewels, gages, and all other
movables, property to the value of 400 marks, and houses in which he
resided of the yearly value of 100s. Sum £271 13s. 4(7. Which movables
and houses, with the appurtenances, remained after the death of the
said Jew in the hands of Floria, wife that was of the said Master Elias.
And the said Floria came before the said Treasurer and the others
aforesaid, and of her own accord made fine to have the said chattels,
and the house in which the said Jew resided, to hold as long as she
shall live, for 400 marks, whereof she is to pay the King 100 marks
at the Exchequer at the feast of the Nativity of St. John the Baptist
in the 12th year of the reign of King Edward, and 100 marks at the
Exchequer at the feast of St. Michael in the Term ending the 12th and
beginning the 13th year of the said King, and 100 marks at the feast
of St. Hilary next following, and 100 marks at the Exchequer in
Easter Term next following.
And the Constable of the Tower is commanded, that he suffer the
said Floria to have free administration of the said chattels and house.
Floria, wife that was of Master Elias, son of Master Moses,
brought a writ of the King under the Great Seal to the following
effect : — Edward etc. to his Justices assigned to the custody of the Jews
greeting : — We command you, that you suffer Floria, wife that was of
ib,
dorso
132 SCACCAJRIUM JUDEOKUM
Floriam, que fuit uxor Magistri Elie, Judei, Londonie, et familiam
suaui in domibus, que fuerunt predicti Elie, in pace morari permittatis,
donee aliud a Nobis habueritis in mandatis, et facta inquisicione de
bonis et catallis ipsius Elie, et salvis Nobis hiis que ad Nos pertinent
de bonis et catallis ipsius, predicte "Florie dotem suam inde, juxta Con-
suetudinern Judaisnni nostri, assignari faciatis. Teste Me ipso apud
Baladeulin xviij0 die Junii anno regni nostri duodecimo.
Per hoc breve liberatur predicte Florie unum debitum sub nomi-
nibus Walteri de Bernharu, militis, de Comitatu Cantie, et dicti Magistri
Elie de decern saccis lane, quod appuratur ad xxx 1., actum Londonie
die Lune proxima ante festum Apostolorum Simonis et Jude anno
Regis Edwardi xj°, et aliud debitum sub nominibus Milonis de Hasteng,
militis, de Comitatu Lincolnie, et predicti Judei, de quater viginti L,
quod appuratur ad lxxv 1., actum die Veneris proxima post festum
Translacionis S. Thome Martyris anno Begis Edwardi xn : allocatis
predicte Florie c 1., recipiendis de illis debitis, debet restituere here-
dibus predicti Elie c s., que supersunt ultra summam c 1.
Iidem juratores dicunt, quod predictus Elias habuit in redditibus
in Civitate Londonie xix 1. xvj s., preter domos quas inhabitare solebat,
que conceduntur Florie, que fuit uxor ejus, tenende quoad vixerit, ut
supra.
Snmma xix 1. xvj s.1
Jeo, qe suy ensele desuz, reconeus verreyement verreye reconey-
Korf. Not. saunce, pur moey, e pur tuz mes heirs, e pur touz mes assignez, qe
Sire Jordan Foliot e tuz ses heirs e tuz ses assignez quites sunt de
moey, e de tuz mes heirs, e de tuz mes assignez, de tutes maneres
de dettes, parlaunz en soun noun e le men, seit par escrit, par
chartre en Huche, ou par obligatiun, ou par reconeysaunce, ou par
tailye, ou par pleggage, ou par autre demaunde, ou par autre manere
de estrument, de denz Huches de Cyrogreffes ou dehors, fetes de le
comencement du secle deskes a le endemeyn de la feste Seint Johan
Baptiste, le an de le regne le Rey Edward, fiz le Bey Henri, douzime,
sauve a moey mun recoverir ver Sire Bicard Foliot, e les tenaunz de
ses terres, de un obligatioun de vint sacs de leyne, pris de le sac dis
mars, qe parout sur les nouns le avaunt dit Sire Jordan e Sire Bicard
Foliot e Sire Willieme Foliot. E si il i est trove autre dette par
1 A long Inventory of credits follows.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1284 ] 32
Master Elias, Jew, of London, and her family to remain in peace in
the houses which belonged to the said Elias, until you shall have
received command from Us of another tenor, and that you make
inquest of the goods and chattels of him, Elias, and, reserving to Us
what to Us belongs of his goods and chattels, cause her dower thereof
to be assigned to the said Floria, according to the Custom of our
Jewry. Witness Myself at Baladeulin on the 18th day of June in
the twelfth year of our reign.
By virtue of this writ there is delivered to the said Floria a debt
under the names of Walter de Bernham, knight, of the County of Kent,
and the said Master Elias, due in respect of 10 sacks of wool, which
is liquidated at £30, contracted at London on the Monday next before
the feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude in the 11th year of King
Edward, and another debt, to wit, of £80 under the names of Milo de
Hasteng, knight, of the County of Lincoln, and the said Jew, which is
liquidated at £75, contracted on the Friday next after the feast of
the Translation of St. Thomas the Martyr in the 10th year of King
Edward : £100 being allowed to the said Floria, receivable from those
debts, she is to restore to the heirs of the said Elias 100s., the balance
remaining over and above the sum of £100.
The jurors also say, that the said Elias had in rents in the City of
London £19 16s., besides the houses in which he resided, which are
granted to Floria, his wife that was, to hold as long as she shall live,
as aforesaid.1
Sum £19 16s.
Norf. Notts. I, whose seal is set below, do truly, for myself and for all my heirs
and for all my assigns, make true acknowledgment, that Sir Jordan
Foliot and all his heirs and all his assigns are quit as to me, and all
my heirs and all my assigns, of all manner of debts, which speak in
his name and mine, whether by writing, charter in Chest, obligation,
acknowledgment, tally, pledgery, or other ground of action or species of
instrument, within or without the Chirograph-Chest, from the beginning
of the world to the morrow of the feast of St. John the Baptist in the
twelfth year of the reign of King Edward, son of King Henry, save
that I retain my right of recovery against Sir Richard Foliot, and his
terre-tenants, upon an obligation touching twenty sacks of wool, price
10 marks the sack, which speaks over the names of the said Sir Jordan
Foliot and Sir Richard and Sir William Foliot. And should there be
Cf. pp. 105, 122, supra.
133 SCACCARIUM JUDEORUM
escrit, par chartre en Huche, ou par obligatioun, ou par reconeysaunce,
ou par pleggage, ou par tailye, ou par autre manere de estrument, sur
les nouns les avaunt diz Sire Jordan e ses heirs, en mun noun, fetes
avaunt la Seint Johan avaunt dit, Jeo graunt, pur moey, e pur touz
mes heirs, e pur touz mes assignez, qe quites seient e ren ne valyent
e pur nules seient tenues, e qe le avaunt dit Sire Jordan e ses heirs
e ses assignez de tutes quites seient ; e si il i est nul homme ou
femme, Crestien, Jeu ou Jeue, qe pussent ren chalenger de nule
manere de dette ou de demaundes avaunt dites, hors pris le obligatiun
avaunt dit de vint sacs de leyne, qe Jeo eye recoverir ver le avaunt dit
Sire Eicard, issi qe le avaunt dit Sire Jordan e ses heirs e ses
assignez seient quites de le avaunt dit obligatioun de vint sacs de
leyne e de tutes autres dettes, sauve a moey mun recoverir de le
avaunt dit obligatioun, des terres Sire Eicard Foliot e des tenaunz
de ses terres. E Jeo graunt, pur moey, e pur touz mes heirs, e pur
touz mes assignez, qe nus seyum tenuz de eus aquiter ver tuz ceus qe
ren chalenger pussent sur les avaunz diz Sire Jordan e ses heirs e ses
assignez de les avaunt dite dettes solum la furme avaunt dite. E ceo,
qe Jeo ay reconeu ay Jeo ensele, Aaron le Fiz Vives, de language de
Ebreu.
DE TEEMINO S. MICHAELIS ANNO DUODECIMO
INCIPIENTE TEEDECIMO.
not.4c,m.i, Mosseus, filius Magistri Elie, Benettus, Alius Magistri Elie,
Norf." suff. Abraham, filius Magistri Elie, Isaac, filius Magistri Elie, Leo, filius
Magistri Elie, et Haginus,1 filius Cressei, custos heredum Cressei, filii
Magistri Elie, recognoverunt per starrum suum, quod Eobertus Houel,
miles, filius Eoberti Houel, et heredes sui et tenentes terrarum suarum,
quieti sunt de ipsis Judeis, heredibus et assignatis eorum, de toto debito
xxx 1., in quo predictus Eobertus, filius, teiiebatur sub nominibus
ipsius Eoberti et Samuelis Le Blund, quod quidem debitum liberatum
fuit predicto Magistro Elie, patri predictorum Judeorum, de Thesauro
Domini Eegis per preceptum ipsius Domini Eegis : de toto debito
predicto predictus Eobertus Houel, filius, et heredes et assignati sui,
et tenentes terrarum suarum, quieti sunt de ipsis Judeis et heredibus
eorum, et de omnibus heredibus patris predictorum Judeorum, et
assignatorum eorum, a creacione seculi usque ad finem. Insuper,
predicti Judei concedunt, pro se et heredibus et assignatis eorum,
1 Hagin, son of Deulecresse, the Chief llabbi.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1284-5 133
found any other debt by writing, charter in Chest, obligation, acknow-
ledgment, pledgery, tally, or other species of instrument in my name,
over the names of the said Sir Jordan and his heirs, made before the
feast of St. John aforesaid, I, for myself and all my heirs and all my
assigns, grant, that they be quit and of no validity, and be held null,
and that the said Sir Jordan and his heirs and his assigns be quit
of them all ; and so there is no man or woman, Christian, Jew or
Jewess, that may aught in any wise claim touching the debts or
demands aforesaid, save only the said obligation touching twenty
sacks of wool, upon which I have right of recovery against the said
Sir Richard, in such wise that the said Sir Jordan and his heirs and
his assigns be quit of the said obligation touching twenty sacks of
wool and of all other debts, save only that I retain my right of
recovery upon the said obligation against the lands of Sir Richard
Foliot and his terre-tenants. And I, for myself and all my heirs
and all my assigns, grant, that we are bound to acquit the said Sir
Jordan and his heirs and assigns of the said debts according to the
form aforesaid against all who may claim aught against them. And
this, which I have acknowledged, I have sealed and signed in the
Hebrew tongue, Aaron, son of Vives.
MICHAELMAS TERM IN THE TWELFTH AND THE BEGIN-
NING OF THE THIRTEENTH YEAR, [a.d. 1284-5.]
Moses, son of Master Elias, Benedict, son of Master Elias,
Abraham, son of Master Elias, Isaac, son of Master Elias, Leo, son of
Master Elias, and Hagin, son of Cresse, guardian of the heirs of
Cresse, son of Master Elias, acknowledged by their starr, that Robert
Houel, knight, son of Robert Houel, and his heirs and the tenants of
their lands, are quit as to them, the Jews, their heirs and assigns, of
all the debt of £30, in which the said Robert, the son, was bound
under the names of him, Robert, and Samuel Le Blund, which debt
was delivered to the said Master Elias, father of the said Jews, out of
the Treasury of our Lord the King by our Lord the King's order :
of all the said debt the said Robert Houel, the son, and his heirs and
assigns, and the tenants of their lands, are quit as to them, the Jews,
and their heirs, and all the heirs of the father of the said Jews, and
their assigns, from the creation to the end of the world. The said
Jews furthermore, for themselves and their heirs and assigns, grant,
134 SCACCARIUM JTJDEORUM
quod ipsi quietaverant et perdonaverunt Domino Roberto de Ludliam,
clerico, et heredibus et assignatis suis, totum jus, demandam, et
calumpniam quod ipsi habuerunt, vel habere potuerunt, super omnes
terras et tenementa, cum pertinenciis, quasvel que predictus Kobertus
de Ludham tenuit de predicto Roberto Houel die confectionis presentis
starri, ubicunque fuerint, a principio seculi usque ad finem ; et volunt
predicti Judei spontanea et una voluntate sua, quod predictum
debitum xxx 1. sub nominibus predicti Roberti Houel et Samuelis
Le Blund liberetur predicto Roberto de Ludham quietum, quia idem
Robertus de Ludham satisfecit predictis Judeis de toto predicto debito
integraliter. Actum die S. Margarete anno regni Regis Edwardi
duodecimo.
Et per istud starrum carta predicti debiti xxx 1. sub nominibus
Roberti Houel, junioris, m.ilitis, et Samuelis Le Blund liberatur pre-
dicto Roberto de Ludham in pleno Scaccario quiete dampnata.
Note. — The contents of the one remaining roll (Trin. 14 Ed. I.) are of so slight
interest that our selection may here fitly terminate.
EXCHEQUER OF THE JEWS, A.D. 1284-5 134
that they have acquitted and released to Sir Robert de Ludham, clerk,
and his heirs and assigns, all the right, demand, and claim which they
had, or might have, on all the lands and tenements, with the appurte-
nances, which the said Robert de Ludham held of the said Robert
Houel on the day when the present starr was made, wherever they
may be, from the creation to the end of the world ; and the said Jews
are consenting with spontaneous and unanimous consent, that the
said debt of £30 under the names of the said Robert Houel and Samuel
Le Blund be delivered to the said Robert de Ludham emit, because
the said Robert de Ludham has made full discharge of all the said
debt to the said Jews. Done on St. Margaret's day in the twelfth
year of the reign of King Edward.
And by virtue of this starr the charter for the said debt of £30
under the names of Robert Houel, the younger, knight, and Samuel
Le Blund, is delivered to the said Robert de Ludham in full Exchequer
quit and cancelled.
GLOSSAEY
ament, or perhaps amenc, from the Latin
'amentia,' madness, absurdity, or fla-
grant error.
apurare, to liquidate, is very late Latin,
if not peculiar to the idiom of the
Exchequer.
attingere in thirteenth-century law
parlance did not necessarily signify
more than to reach a certain result ;
'attainder' in the sense of conviction is
a later development. Cf. New English
Dictionary, ed. Murray, ' attainder.'
aurum Regine. The Queen's pecuniary
perquisites were denominated her gold,
though before the issue (1257) and after
the withdrawal (1270) of Henry III.'s
golden penny they must have been
usually paid in silver. Grueber, Hand-
book of the Coins of Great Britain and
Ireland in the British Museum (1809),
pp. 42-3. The mark of gold, in which
they were reckoned, varied in exchange
about ten marks of silver. Prynne,
'Aurum Kegime' (1668), pp. 1-10.
Cf. p. Ill supra.
bissancia, bezants, current coin of the
Eastern Empire. The silver bezant
was at this period received in England
at 2s., and supplied the want of a
silver coin of the realm of higher value
than the denier or silver penny. (It is
very doubtful whether the groats said
to have been issued by Edward I. after
1279 were in general circulation before
1290. Buding, Annals of the Coinage,
3rd ed. i. 193-4. Grueber, 1. c.) The
gold bezant contained from sixty-five
to seventy grains, and was thus worth
rather more than 10s. Forty gold
bezants were accepted by Edward I. as
the talliage of a Jewish magnate. See
p. 77 supra,
bluetum, cloth of a bluish tint. See New
English Dictionary, ed. Murray, 'bluet,'
and cf. ' burnet,' ib.
conciencia, apparently from ' conciere ' ( —
'concio'). The context demands the
sense, of ' congregation ' or ' community.'
coopertorium (cf. supercoopertorium, p.
Ill, supra), denoted any sort of cover-
ing, from the roof downwards. Its
precise meaning is therefore only to
be determined or conjectured from its
context. It commonly signified a cover-
let. Chron. Abbat. Barnes. (Bolls Ser.)
p. 348; Chron. Monast. de Abingdon
(Bolls Ser.), i. 384, ii. 273 ; Matt. Paris,
Chron. Maj. (Bolls Ser.), vi. 91 ; Migne,
Patrol. (Lat.) cliii. 894. Cf. Du Cange.
cot (cf. German Zotte), tangled hair, or the
like, used technically of a matted fleece.
Wright's English Dialect Dictionary ;
New English Dictionary, ed. Murray.
curialitas, largess. Du Cange. With
this euphemism for usury cf. the
commercial use of ' royalty.'
forcerium, any close receptacle, from a
coffin to a casket. Du Cange.
fusselletum. Cf. the Italian fuscelletto
or fuscellino, stalk, rod, or skewer; and
the phrase ' cercar col fuscellino,' to
search with extreme diligence. Vocabo-
lario degli Accademici della Crusca.
136
GLOSSARY
gard, or gare, a fringe of thin quality
depreciating the fleece, or the fleece so
depreciated. Godefroy.
grissum, most usually griseum, a species
of grey fur, less valuable than vair ;
perhaps the winter coat of the squirrel.
Mun. Gildh. Lond. (Rolls Ser.) II.
ii. 806.
marcata. The final syllable is merely
connective. Thus marcata redditus =
rent to the amount of a mark. Simi-
larly denariata, librata. Cf. librata
debitorum, debts to the amount of a
pound, p. 67 supra.
mazer, wood of a mottled grain, usually
maple, much prized for drinking-bowls,
which were frequently mounted on
and rimmed with silver. See Cripps,
' Old English Plate,' p. 252. A few
specimens may be seen at the British
Museum.
pannus sanguinolentus. Cf. 'dras moys-
tes de sane,' p. liv supra. The pro-
hibition is not of stuff dyed blood-red,
in which Jews might lawfully deal
(see p. Ill supra), but of stuff stained
with actual blood. The prohibition
may have been merely designed to
facilitate the detection of murder, or
some occult practice with the blood may
have been apprehended ; which would
point to blood derived from a particular
source, to which virtues both noxious
and curative were ascribed. Cf. Pliny,
Hist. Nat. xxviii. 23, and Marcellus
Empiricus, De Medicament, xxxv. 30 :
' Pannum muliebrem, i.e. menstrualem,
oleo madefactum excoque ; deinde ex-
prime, et ceram illi oleo sufficientem
addes, ut cerotum facias, quo arthri-
ticum vel paralyticum utiliter per-
unges.' See also Leviticus, xv. 19.
scola Judeorum certainly denotes the
synagogue, but was probably used with
considerable latitude, so as to include
any place of meeting for purposes of
instruction or serious discussion. Cf.
Du CaDge.
stallare, to provide for payment by in-
stalments. Madox, ii. 209, n. (r.). If
the mortuum vadium of the Jews was,
as is probable, a rentcharge, it might
aptly be described as pro stallando
debito. Cf. Du Cange, ' stallagium.'
strandling, a species of black fur. Cf.
Mun. Gildh. Lond. (Eolls Ser.) II.
i. 94 : ' Item pro stranglino et polan
et cujuslibet alterius nigri operis v
solidos vi denarios.'
siimme, Low Lat. sauma, from Greek
adyfia, a pack-saddle; hence a horse-
load, and in that sense a common
measure of corn. Skeat, Etym. Diet.
INDEX OF MATTEES.
Abbot of Fountains, case of, 52, 86
Account, cases of, 18, 19, 41, 42, 84, 89,
102, 113
Acknowledgment by record, 28, 34, 35, 67,
68, 77, 82, 92-4, 118-19, 121, 132.
See Stan-
Acquittance, cases concerning, 50, 53, 63,
100. See Stan-
Administration, see Successions, Jewish
Agriculture, opened to Jews, xiii, xxxviii
Alienage, i
Amercement, instances of, 10, 18, 32, 33,
38, 52, 54, 69, 70, 83, 86, 89, 91, 97,
101, 109, 116, 117, 130
Anti-Semitism, causes of, xiv-xvii
Assault, case of, 11
Assignment, see Stan-
Attorney, appearance by, 36, 65, 84, 96,
97, 100, 101, 107, 109, 118, 125
document payable to, 33, 94
Badge, worn by Jews, xxv, xxxviii
Barons, see Exchequer
constitutionalism of, xxvii, xxxiii,
xxxvii
the Disinherited, 77
Bezants, payments to Crown in, xxxv, 21,
60, 77, 80
Books, 18, 103, 114
Burgesses sworn in to protect Jews,
xxv
Burial of Jews, regulations concerning,
xi, 1
Cemetery, Jewish, site of, xi, 122
Charters of Jewry, xii-xiii, 1-3
other enrolled, 56-59, 118-9, 121
Chattels, pledge of, see Detinue
Chevage, see Poll-tax
Chirograph, form and registration of,
xix
outside chest, 19, 43, 81
fraudulent dealings with, 54, 65
Chirograph-Chests, attacks on, xxxvii, 41,
44, 49, 51, 76
closure of, lxi, 70, 98
Chirographers, election of, 11, 82
privilege of, 73
summoned to answer for alleged irregu-
lar practices, 22, 67, 82, 83
Chroniclers, antipathy of, to Jews, xv
Churches, Jews not to frequent, xxix,
xlviii
Circumcision, case of, xxii, xxvii, xliv
Clergy, attitude of, towards Jews, xiv,
xxix. xxxix
Coinage, offences against, xv, xxxix, 8, 11,
91, 95, 120/ 125, 127
irafly against the Ckh
i'6
d Jew against Jew,
charge of, 95
by chirographers, charge of, 81
Converts, harsh treatment of, xxxv-xxxvi,
42, 99, 114, 125
House of, 113-14
Countor, mentioned, 54
Court fees, higher scale of, for Jews,
xxxv
Crafts, Jewish, xi
Crown, Pleas of, 2
Culture, Jewish, xv
Customs, exemption of Jews from, xii, 2
Damages, 9, 10, 54, 56
138
INDEX OF MATTERS
Debt, actions of, 3, 9, 13, 65, 67, 93, 101,
108, 109, 117, 122, 125, 128-30
assignability of, restricted, xxxviii,
xlviii, 47, 63, 81
assignment of, by Crown, 59, 71, 92,
112
composition for, 13, 15
runs with land, 18, 50, 52, 53, 63, 65,
72, 100, 108, 117, 118, 125, 130,
133
Defamation, case of, 70
Detinue, cases of, 17, 31-33, 37, 63, 73,
78, 85, 88, 103, 106, 107, 108, 111,
115
Distress, unlawful, 7, 9, 13, 101
Document payable to bearer, 65
Dominicans, conspicuous charity and mis-
guided zeal of, xxxi, xl
Dower, Jewish widow entitled to, 52,
132
Dress, articles of, 17, 32, 37, 89, 104, 109,
111, 115
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, Jews exempted
from, xxv
Escheat, xxxvi-xxxvii
case of, 99
Eveske, uncertain import of term, as
applied to Jews, 15 n., 65 n.
Exchequer of the Jews, origin and juris-
diction of, xx-xxiii
Expenses, provision for recovery of,
xxxviii, 49, 93, 94
Fealty, Jews debarred from doing or •"••
ceiving, xiii, xxxviii
Fee-rents, xxxvii, xlix, 16, 38, 41, 43, 45,
56-60
Fine, inter partes, 8, 9, 36, 40, 42, 50,
71
with Crown, 18, 35, 42, 52, 54, 60, 77,
82, 91, 104, 121
Forfeiture, xxxv-xxxvi
cases of, 43, 61, 78, 82, 87, 96, 107, 109,
116, 125, 128
Forgery, charges of, 4, 39, 41, 96, 129
Furniture, articles of, 8, 17, 33, 37, 63, 97,
106, 108, 109, 111
Gilds, restrict range of Jewish operations,
xi, xxxix
Inquest, post-mortem, instance of, 73
as to proceedings of synagogue, 86
as to ownership of house property, 5,
105. Cf. Successions, Jewish
as to validity of starrs, see Starrs, cases
concerning
Intercourse, friendly, prohibited between
Christians and Jews, xxix, xlviii
Interdict, on delinquent Jews, xxxix
Interest, rate of, xii
assignment of, prohibited, xxxviii
Jew, assignment of, as personal chattel,
62
Jewess, deacon's fatal passion for, xxix
Jewries, outward aspect of, xi
distribution of, xxv
Jewry, legal status of, x-xiii, xxviii, xxxv-
xxxviii, xlviii-liv
Rolls of Pleas of, mentioned, 68
Jewry of Canterbury, exclusiveness of, 35
Jews, arrested en masse and cruelly
handled by King John, xxiv
assigned en masse by Henry III. to
Richard of Cornwall, xxx
assigned en masse to Prince Edward
and by him subdemised, xxxiv
reassigned to Richard of Cornwall,
xxxviii
outrages upon, xvii, xxxvii
not to change their residence without
royal licence, xxix, xxxv, xlviii, 28,
61,82
removed from certain towns, 85
arrested en masse by Edward I., xxxix,
xl
expelled from England, ib.
Jury, composition of, xxiii, lxi
cases illustrating, 64, 73, 79, 84, 86, 93,
95, 96, 97, 98, 103, 104, 105, 106,
108, 109, 112, 116, 121, 123, 125, 128,
129, 131
Justices of Jews, precarious position of,
xxxiv
corruption of, xxxv, 126
Gage, nature of, xiii
cf. Account, cases of
King's Third, retention of, lix
information as to, 73
mode of securing, 60, 72, 77, 79
INDEX OF MATTERS
139
Land, pleas of, 5, 36, 65
Larceny, cases of, 11, 78, 125
Lawyers, diabolic logic of, xxxvi
Lease, enrolled, 118
Lent, to be observed by Jews, xxix,
xlviii
Liberties, no protection to Jews, 68-70
London, City of, rents and houses held by
Jews in, 16, 46, 65, 105, 119, 122,
131
Tower of, Jews committed to, 5, 56,
116
Chirograph-Chest secured in, 38
oppression of Jew by Constable of, ib.
temporary residence of Chief Eabbi,
73
Eabbi, Chief, official status of, xiii, xx,
xxxiii
fortunes of holders of office, xxx, xxxiii,
73, 77, 84, 88, 91, 98, 99, 105, 109,
118, 122, 131
Eabbinical rhetoric, futility of, xxix
Eape, charge of, 104
Eeal estate, how far tenable by Jews,
xiii, xxxvii, xlviii-liv
Eeceipt of stolen goods, 95
Eecord, acknowledgment by, see Acknow-
ledgment and Starr
Eelease of suit by Crown, fine for, 42,
104, 121
Eent, pecuniary, 16, 46. Cf. Fee-rents
specific, 17, 46, 57, 120
Eentcharge, see Eeal Estate,
Magna Carta, clause in, affecting Jews,
xiii
Magnates, Jewish, duped and despoiled
by Crown, xxvi-xxviii
Mainprise, instances of, 51, 52, 67, 82, 83,
86, 91, 97, 121
Manors, held by Jews in gage, 10, 19, 39,
45, 80, 93, 118
Marriage, relief on, xxxvi-xxxvii
Masters of Jewish Law, notices of, 36, 74,
86, 88, 96
Memoranda, miscellaneous, 11, 35, 42-3,
60-2, 67-70, 72-3, 76-7
Merton, Provisions of, xiii
Mortgage, see Eeal Estate
Murder, case of, 105
ritual, charges of, xiv, xxx
Oath on Pentateuch, xii, 1, 89
Oblations, xlvi-vii, 6, 8, 24, 28, 35, 42,
126
Parish priest, limited authority of over
Jews, xxix, xlviii
Parliament of Jews, so called, xxvii
Peace, appeal of breach of, 11
Pledges, secret, lix
frauds in connection with, see Detinue
Poitevin policy, disastrous to Jews,
xxvi
Poll-tax, xxxviii
Prosecution, default in, 43, 52, 63, 101,
104
Seisin, xiii, xxxv, xlviii-liv
of gage by order of the Court, 63
by writ, 22, 62. Cf. Statutes of Jewry
by letters royal, 22 et seq.
right of debtor or his heir, 25, 62
Semitic simplicity, instance of, xxxvii
Services of Christians, Jews debarred
from, xiv, xxix, xlviii
Sheriff, jurisdiction of, over Jews, xxi
amercement of, 69, 86
false charge against, 17
Starr, form and conditions of validity of,
xix
examples of, 10, 14-16, 33, 34, 43-47
48-50, 55, 65, 80, 90, 93, 128, 132
cases concerning, 38, 53, 54, 65, 72, 89,
93, 98, 109, 122, 128, 129
Statutes of Jewry, x, xiii, xxviii, xlviii-
liv, 101-3, 117, 130
Successions, Jewish, relief on, xxxvi
cases of, 60-61, 72-9, 85, 93, 131
Synagogue, powers of, xiv, xxviii
effect of excommunication by, xxxv, 87,
96
regulation of worship of, xxix, xlviii
restricted to certain localities, ib.
disseised in London of most of its
edifices, xl
proclamation in, 9, 12, 41
See Inquest
Talliage, prerogative of, how exercised,
xvi, xvii, xx, xxiv, xxvi-xxx, xxxiii,
xxxviii, 27-31
T 2
140
INDEX OF MATTERS
Talliage, security for, 77
Tally, fraudulent use of, 82
for goods pledged, 107
Token, for delivery of goods, 32, 37
Treasury, royal, alleged thefts from, 52-3
Trespass, pleas of, 41, 54, 70, 88, 101
Trespass and Fraud, 83, 84, 86, 109
Usury, prohibition of, xxxviii, 101-3
not retroactive, 102, 117, 130
evasion of law, xl, 93-94, 115
Jews outdone by Christians in practice
of, xxxiv
Usury, between Jew and Jew, 65
Wager of Law, privilege of Jew in, xii,
xxi, 1, 71, 89, 107
Wardship, xxxvi, 35, 73
Waste, gagee impeachable for, 45, 47
William Rufus, patronage of Jews by, x
Witnesses, two prescribed in cases
between Christian and Jew, xii, 1
Wool trade, Jews engaged in, 34, 94
Writ, value of, in hands of a Jew,
xii, 1
Writing obligatory, 94, 126
INDEX OF PEESONS.
[N.B. — In this Index unimportant variations of spelling are ignored.]
CHEISTIANS.
Actona, Henricus de, 117
Adrion, Johannes, 17
Aete, Willelmus de, 59
iEthelmarus, Wintoniensis Electus, 60
Aguillun, Eobertus, 15, 59
Albini, William de, xxiii
Alienora, Kegina, 87, 107, 109, 112
Kegina-Mater, 71-8, 85, 88, 92. Cf.xxvii
Aimed or Aufred, 32
Alurey or Aufrey, ib.
Aquam, Adam ad, 120
Araz, Eobertus de, 121
Arketel, Andreas, 82
Assby, Johannes de, 83
Stephanus, 125
Assell, Philip, xxvi
Attechirche, Johannes, 100
Aurifaber, Henricus, G
Johannes, 32
Eicardus, 6
Bacun, Bogeri, Johanna uxor, 9
Balesham, Galfridus de, 131
Balon, Margeria de, 92
Reginaldus de, ib.
Barbane, La, Eeymund de, 91
Barber, Le, Eogerus, 131
Bardulf, Willelmus, 12, 13
Barrok', Nicholaus, 51
Basinge, Adam de, 17
Eobertus de, 118
Thomas de, 54, 120
Basset, Fulco, 10
Philippus, ib., 59. Cf. xxxii
Bassihawe, Adam de, 41
Bathonia, Henricus de, 27. Cf. xxxii
Herveius de, 70
Batur, Le, Galfridus, 100
Johannes, ib.
Bauns, Willelmus de, 111
Bechesworth, Nicholaus de, 131
Belassez (conversa), 114
Belet, Willelmus, 59
Belhuncle, Willelmus, 9
Benedictus, fisicus, xliv
Benetlega, Martinus, Prior de, 7
Johannes de, 119
Benyngburgo, Adam de, 128
Thomas de, ib.
Beraud, Petrus, 33-5. Cf. xxxiv
Berewik', Johannes de, 129
Berklinden', Petrus de, 51
Bernard of Clairvaux, St., xvi
Bernham, Matildis de, xlv
Walterus de, 132
Berstrete, Simon de, xlvi
Bertona, Agnes de, 85
Betleshangre, Elias de, 51
Beufo, Emma de, 15
Bigod, Hugh, xxxiii
Billokeby, Willelmus de, 95
Birkeley, Henricus de, 93
Blancmuster, Eeginaldus de, 51
Bleys, Willelmus de, Lincolniensis Epi-
scopus, 14
Bloye, Joel de, 106
Blund, Le, Edwardus, 34
Blundus, Willelmus, 5, 7
Blunt, Le, Eadulfus, 120
Eobertus, 119
142
INDEX OF PERSONS
Bohum, Henricus de, Comes de Here
fordia, 2
Nicholaus de, 52
Bokeler, Le, Vrynot, 100
Bolonia, Hugo de, 108
Bonevilla, Willelmus de, 95
Bonvin, Thomas, 108
Bosco, Willelmus de, 108
Botiler, Le, Martinus, 106
Boxle, Willelmus de, 109
Bradefeud, Robertas de, 78
Bradestona, Robertus de, 117
Bray, Henricus de, 123-4. Cf. xxxiv
Breaute, Falkes de, xxvi
Bregeman, Ricardus, 38
Bret, Le, Robertas, 46
Breth', La, Andreas de, 17
Breton, Le, Willelmus, 17. Cf. xxvi
Briwerr', Willelmus, 2
BrU, Radulfus, 94
Brochulle, Willelmus de, 11G
Bromwich, Henricus de, 123
Bruer, Nicholaus de, ib.
Brun, Le, Adam, 11
Brus, Robertus de, 13
Bruwes, Robertus de, 57
Bucher, Le, Reginaldus, 17
Bungeya, Rogerus de, 7
Burgh, Hubert de, xxv
Burgo, Willelmus de, 53
Burnel, Robertus de, 40
Burrell, Rogerus, 116
Bussey, Willelmus de, 108
Byham, Radulfus de, 51
Callestere, Le, Agnes, 108
Caluistona, Hamo de, 129
Cantia, Walterus de, see Kancia
Cantuaria, Radulfus de, 17
Canvile, Johannes de, 124
Caperun, Willelmus, 130
Carleton, William de, xxxiv
Carnifex, Johannes de, 90
Carpentarius, Godefridu3, 125
Rogerus, ib.
Castro, Bartholomeus de, 46
Cauz, Rogerus de, 108
Cestre, Petrus de, 131
Chabbeneys, Willelmus, 60
Chamberleg', Le, Galfridus, 35
Chaundeler, Le, Rogerus, 100
Chenduit, Stephanus de, 110
Cherlecote, Thomas de, 19, 21
Chese, Nicholaus, xlvi
Chetham, Nigellus de, 51
Chikewell, Ricardus de, 120
Cissor, Martinus, 90
Clare, Gilbertus de, Comes Gloucestrie,
37, 48, 71
Clerk, Le, Johannes, 113, Josceus, 125
Cobbeham or Cobham, Johannes de, 78,
112, 131
Cocus, Rogerus, 51
Cofrer, Le, Henricus, 131
Johannes, 100, 105-6, 131
Coleworth, Hugo de, 91
Ricardus de, ib.
Columbers, Philippus de, 15
Conversus, Le, Willelmus, 113
Corner, La, Thomas de, 100, 131
Coudray, Petrus de, 57
Crepping, Robert de, xxxiv
Crespin, Le, Robertus, 100
Cristfinesse, Robertus, 8
Croce, La, Walterus de, 66
Cruce Roesie, Prior de, 86
Culleworth, Ricardus de, 38
Robertus de, ib.
Culvert, Johannes, 64
Cumptona, Robertus de, 129
Cuner, Le, Willelmus, 16
Dernestall, Hugo de, 37
Hugonis, Sarra uxor, ib.
Despenser, Le, Hugo, 38. Cf. xxxiii
Robertas, 11
Dol, Richard de, xxvi
Donholni, Thomas de, 17
Willelmus de, ib.
Dorset, Alexander de, xxvi
Dunelm, Thomas de, 17
Dunestaplia, Ricardus, Prior de, 4
Dunolm, Willelmus de, 120
Dyne, Willelmus de, 54
Dyngnetona, Hugo de, 113
Eadmundus, see 'Filius,' Allemannie
Regis
Eboraco, Willelmus de, xlvii
Edgar, Johannes, 23
Edwardus, Dominus, 34, 39. Cf. xxxiv,
xxxvii-viii, xlviii
Rex, 73, 78, 87, 92, 96, 99, 112, 114,
122, 131
Escote, Le, Thomas, 53
Esperun, see Sperun
Esseby, David de, 43
Everemue, Reginaldus de, 46, 48
INDEX OF PERSONS
143
Evereus, Willehnus de, 80
Ewell, Ricardus de, 34
Exonia, Johannes de, 83
Eynesham, Abbas de, 130
Farle, Thomas de, 51
Farligth', Henricus de, 17
Farndona, Willehnus de, 120
Faukeham, Willehnus de, 59
Ferun, Le, Alexander, 17
Filia, Filius :—
Ade, Johannes, 36
Allemannie Regis, Eadmundus, 69
Anketini, Willelmus, 125
Astona Undregge, Thome de, Johannes,
61
Aucheri, Henrici, Ricardus, 29
Bas, Le, Gilberti, Martinus, 121
Benedicti, Odardus, xxvii, xliv
Bernardi, Walterus, 71
Broke, La, Nieholai de, Adam, 51
Ricardus, ib.
Bromwich, Rogeri, Thomas de, 122
Columbers Philippi de, Philippus, 16
Donelm, Thome de, Jolanus, 17
Esseby, David de, Stephani, Isabella,
62
Ettona, Thome de, Robertus, 53
Fichet, Roberti, Hugo, 83
Galfridi, Johannes, 60
Henrici Regis, Eadmundus, 62. Cf.
xxx
Henrici, Ricardus, 123
Hervici, Johannes, 101
Johannis, Bartholomeus, 36
Kyme, Philippi de, Willelmus, 14
Martini, Nicholaus, 57-8
Nieholai, Isabella uxor, ib.
Mathei, Johannes, 57-9
Mossei, Samuel (conversus), 125
Octonis, Hugo, 56
Osmundi, Johannes, 61
Pentenhawe, Humfridi de, Walterus, 68
Petri, Gaufridus, Comes Essexe, 2, 5
Willelmus, 82
Poining', Thome de, Lucas, 15
Ricardi, Philippus, 11
Thomas, 17
Willelmus, 34
Roberti, Henricus, 11
Rogeri, Rogerus, 125
Willelmus, 17
Scouteby, Bicardi de, Adam, 53
Theobaldi, Rogerus, 11
Filia, Filius :—
Torp', Walteri, Gilbertus, 3
Usburna, Alexandri de, Robertus, 52
Walteri, Robertus, 5
Willelmi, Laurentius, 17
Willelmus, 51
Floyr, Johannes, 83
Foliot, Jordan, 132
Ricard, ib.
Willieme, ib.
Fontibus, Abbas de, 52, 86
Franceys, Le, Willelmus, 112
Fresingfeld, Ricardus de, xlvi
Frowyk', Henricus de, 120
Fuleham, Robertus de, 35, 46, 62, 77, 85.
Cf. xxxiv
Fulney, Johannes de, 79
Fuster, Le, Thomas, 117
Galfridus, Frater, 10, 13, 14. See Geoffrey
the Templar
Gaoler, Le, Willelmus, 125
Gatesden, Johannes de, 60
Geoffrey the Templar, xxvii
Giseburn', Johannes de Overtona, Prior
de, 39-40
Glanvill, Ranulf, xvii
Gloucestria, Comitissa de, 69
Willelmus de, 28
Gloucestrie Comes, see Clare, Gilbertus
de
Glovernia, Willelmus de, 4
Godard, Galfridus, 16
Godefridus, Wintoniensis Episcopus, 13
Wigorniensis Episcopus, 59
Gorges, Radulfus de, 92
Graftona, Johannes de, 52
Gras, Le, Cecilia, Nicholaus, 63
Gratefige, Walterus, 131
Gravele, Robertus de, 93
Greinvilla, Adam de, 60. Cf. xxxiii
Greynvilla, Simon de, 88
Simonis, Isabella uxor, ib.
Gylle, Johannes, 108
H . . . ., Willelmus de, 17
Hadestok', Austinus de, 17
Haket, Radulfus, 51
Willelmus, ib.
Hamelin, Johannes, 118
Willelmus, 123
Hamme, Henricus de, 16
Harding, Johannes, 31-33
Haselbech, Willelmus de, 55. Cf. xxxiv
144
INDEX OF PERSONS
Hasteng, Milo de, 132
Hastinges, Henricus de, 33
Haunsard, Jacobus, 72
Hauteyn, Hamo, 55, 78, 95, 102, 120,
122-3, 12G. Cf. xxxiv
Eobertus, 100
Haweye, Thomas de, 37
Haye, La, Johannes de, 51
Hayrun, Robertus, 73
Heire, Willelmus de, 124
Willelmi, Matildis uxor, ib.
Helle, Theobaldus de, 43
Henricus, Rex, 22, 27, 29, 30, 37, 47, 49,
50, 51, 56, 58-9, 62, 76, 87. Cf. xxv-
xxxv, xlviii-li
Henry I., xi, 1
Henry II., ib., xvii
Herun, Robertus, 120
Hervy, Walterus, 34
Heth, La, Johannes de, 121
Hittecote (conversa), 114
Hocolt, Willelmus de, 77
Honorius IV., Pope, xl
Hormede, Ricardus de, 109
Horn, Johannes, 120
Hotot, Robertus de, 125
Houel, Robertus, 133
Hubert, Roberti, Sabina uxor, 85
Huckerby, Hugo de, 53
Hurer, Le, Alanus, 37
Insula, Willelmus de, 18
Ismongerelane, Johannes de, 41
Jakeminus, 127
Jofne, Le, Bartholomeus, 91
Johannes, Rex, 1, 2. Cf. xii, xxi, xxiv
Johannes Cornubiensis, 61
Joiette, uxor Salomonis (conversa), 43
Kancia, Walterus de, 88, 107-8, 109,
119
Kauz, Johan de, 50
Ketelbern, Henricus, 9
Killingholme, Andreas de, 53
Kirkeby, Johannes de, 131
Radulfus de, 81
Knaresburgo, Henricus de, 37
Knight, Willelmus, 100
Kyme, Thomas, 52
Kyntona, Rogerus de, 36, 70
Laufar, Johannes de, 46
Lauton, Cecilia de, 61
Leicestria, Henricus de, 11
Petrus de, 124. Cf. xxxiv
Radulfus de, 13, 14
Robertus de, 11
Rogerus de, 116
Lexington, John de, xxx
Leyburn, Willelmus de, 84, 86, 91
Leye, La, Petrus de, 11
Rogerus de, 55
Willelmus de, 92
Leyk', Thomas de, 125
Lezignano, Galfridus, Guydo de, 60. See
Lusignan
Lincoln, Hugh of, xxx
Ling, Rogerus de, 117
Lokerle, Isabella de, 104
Longchamp, Willelmus de, 6
Lovel, Henricus, 7
Hugo, 43
Philippus, 27. Cf. xxxii
Loverle, Ricardus de, 100
Ricardi, Joscea uxor, ib.
Lucas, Isaac, 82
Ludham, Robertus de, 76, 95, 102, 120,
122-4, 131, 134. Cf. xxxiv
Lusignan, Aymer de, xxvii
Geoffrey de, ib.
Guy de, ib.
Lynda, Johannes de, 34
Maldona, Rogerus de, 33
Malebysse, Richard de, xviii
Malemeyns, Henricus, 50
Mabillia, ib.
Thomas, ib., 79
Malo Lacu, Petrus de, 79
Manalale, Willelmus de, 46
Mandevilla, Willelmus de, Comes Essexe,
5
Mannesbrig', Molendino in, Rogerus de, 18
Mare, La, Adam de, 129
Hamo de, ib.
Mares, Johannes de, 10
Robertus de, ib.
Marescallus, Alanus, 126
Ricardus, 16
Willelmus, Comes de Penbroc, 2. Cf.
xxv
Maresdenn, Augustinus de, 41
Robertus de, ib.
Marny, Andreas de, 17
Willelmus de, ib.
Maudut, Willelmus, 63, 117
Maunsell, Johannes, 98
INDEX OF PERSONS
145
Mazeliner, Le, Jacobus, 16
Willelmus, 120
Megre, La, Matildis, 115
Meldeburn', Eobertus de, 120
Merkefeld, Walterus de, 52
Merton, Walterus de, xxxvii, xlviii
Middeltona, Eicardus de, 57
Willelmus de, 66, 68
Molendinarius, Edrnundus, 51
Monte Forti, Henricus de, 33
Petrus de, 60
Simon de, Comes Leicestrie, 44, 60.
Cf. xxxvii
More, La, Poncius de, xxxviii
Mortuo Mari (Mortimer), Galfridus de, 111
Willelmus de, 74-5, 111
Mote, La, Boninus de, 126
Moyne, Le Jobannes, 68. Cf. xxxiv
Munteny, Eobertus de, 118, 120
Muntpelers, Eicardus de, 120
Eobertus de, 105
Muscbamp, Galfridus de, Cestrensis Epi-
scopus, 13
Neketona, Johannes de, 91
Neusel', Laurentius de, 51
Neuwerk', Tbomas de, 13, 14
Neville, Hugo de, 2
Thomas de, xxiii
Nicholas, Bernardus, 28
Noble, Le, -Tohannes, 82
Noreis, Le, Wilielmus, 82
Normanvilla, Adam de, 52
Eadulfus de, ib.
Northamptona, Eicardus de, 11
Northwode, Eogerus de, 116, 131
Norwich, Geoffrey de, xxiii
Notingham, Willelmus de, 131
Novi Hospitalis extra Bissopesgate, Prior,
65
Novo Mercato, Adam de, 109
Nywenham, Prior de, 95
Odinus, 110
Odo, 17
Okham, Matheus de, 105
Ordeistona, Simon de, 130
Ore, Petrus de, ib.
Orfevre, Le, Andreas, 105
Orlavestona, Willelmus de, 46, 68. Cf.
xxxiv
Ostregate, Johannes de, 51
Stephanus de, 29
Oxtona, Eicardus de, 83
Pasent, Eogerus, 53
Passelewe, Eadulfus de, 11
Eobert, xxvi
Simon, 1, 2, 50, 60, 68. Cf. xxxii
Pateshull, Martin de, xxii
Simon de, xx
Pathesworth, Johannes de, 79
Eogerus de, ib.
Paurner, Le, Elias, 51
Pavely, Samuel de (conversus), 125
Pecche, Gilbertus, 112
Pecham, Johannes de, 51
Peckham, Archbishop, xl
Peitevin, Willelmus, 128
Peper, Matildis, 33
Persona, Johannes, 16
Persore, Abbas de, 96
Pesemerche, Johannes de, 131
Petrus, clericus, 21, 23
Peverel, Johannes, 57
Peyforer, Fulco, 68. Cf. xxxiv
Peyuteuin, Willelmus, 128
Philippe Auguste, xvii
Phylleby, Adam de, 94
Plughman, Johannes, 81
Pontona, Petrus de, 50
Willelmus de, ib.
Poor, Le, Willelmus, 97
Portam de Munktona, Thomas ad, 52
Portehores, Johannes, 85
Poynz, Willelmus, 100
Pratellis, Petrus de, 2
Preston, Gilbertus de, 9
Prodhome, Adam de, 121
Pucheis, Imbertus, 60
Pundur, Le, Thomas, 100
Pycheford, Johannes de, 80
Eabayn, Elias de, 60
Eadeswell, Johannes de, 68
Eed, Willelmus de, 120
Eedleye, Eicardus de, 89
Eefegeray, Willelmus, 100
Eeymes, Willelmus de, 10
Eicardus, Comes Cornubie, 25. Cf. xxix,
xxxii, xxxviii
Eicardus, Prior de Dunestaplia, 4
Eich, Edmund (St. Edmund), Primate,
xxvi, xlvi
Eichard I., xi, xvii
Eievaulx, Pierre de, xxvi
Eobertus, ballivus Cicestre, 8
Eoches, Pierre des, xxvi
Eokeby, Simon de, 123
146
INDEX OF PERSONS
Rokesl', Galfridus de, 120
Rosemund (?), Johannes, 122
Rothomago, Archiepiscopus de, 6
Roulers, Johannes de, 131
Rupe Forti, Guydo de, 60
Rus, Le, Henricus, 105
Rynel, Robertus, 102
Sabaudia, Petrus de, 60. See Savoie
Saham, Galfridus de, 112
S. Dionisio, Johannes de, 113, 114
S. Gregorio, Hugo de, 51
S. Laurentii, Thomas, 122
S. Marie de Suwerk', Prior de, 72
S. Ositha, Radulfus de, 68. Cf. xxxiv
S. Valerico, Johannes de, 57
Saunford, Galfridus de, 28
Ricardus de, ib.
Sausetona, Galfridus de, 53
Savoie, Boniface de, Primate, xxvii, xxix,
xxxix
Pierre de, ib.
Scherfangel, Walterus de, 86
Scitals, Robertus, 53
Segrave, Stephen de, xxvi
Sende, La, Radulfus de, 9
Senehod, Robertus, 100
Sewelhod, Robertus, 65
Shordych, Johannes de, 120
Sicca Villa, Warinus de, 57
Silvester, Hugo, 23
Simon, Wellensis Archidiaconus, 2
Skip, Johannes, 73, 120, 131
Sperun, Thomas, 60, 68. Cf. xxxiii
Srewsb', Willelmus de, 95
Stanes or Stauns, Ricardus de, 48, 88
Stapiltona, Nicholaus de, 128
Staveneby, Nicholaus de, 92
Stintescumb, Petrus de, 117
Stodle, Rogerus de, 123
Stonham, Willelmus de, 51
Suffolcia, Reginaldus de, 34
Sunninges, Elias de, xxvi
Tayllard, Robertus, 69
Taylur, Le, Alexander, 105
David, 83
Robertus, 82
Stephani, Dionisia uxor, 116
Thurlaeston, William de, xxxiv
Thurmund, Nicholaus, 124
Tilmannestona, Rogerus de, 51
Tiryntona, Hugo de, 81
Tolossano, Johannes de, 17
Torp', Gilbertus de, 3
Tregoz, Nicholaus, 88
Trestel, Johannes, 38
Troyes, Copinus de, 107
Tudesham, Rogerus de, 51
Willelmus de, ib.
Turkelby, Rogerus de, 27
Turnham, Robertus de, 2
Tybetot, Robertus, 109
Tycheseye, Thomas de, 84
Ulnethorp', Johannes de, 125
Umel, Adam, 36
Valencia, Willelmus de, Dominus Pen-
brok', 56-9. Cf. xxvii
Veteri Ponte, Robertus de, 2
Wake, Andreas, 57
Baldewinus, 46-48
Walebrok', Warner de, 16
Waleys, Le, Benedictus, 120
Johannes, 52
Walterus, 131
Walle, Le, Radulfus, 63
Walleraund, Johannes, 34
Robertus, 59-60
Walterus, Eboracensis Archiepiscopus, 58
Hubertus, 6
Wander, Ricardus, 64
Warenne, Johannes de, Comes Sussexe, 62
Willelmus de, 2, 5, 12, 13, 14. Cf. xxiii
Waryn, Edmundus, 51
Watdona, Henricus de, 41
Thomas de, ib.
Watele, Johannes de, see Whatlega
Watford, Walterus de, 120
Willelmus de, 46, 61. Cf. xxxiv
Wautona, Rogerus, 59
Wayford, Baldewinus, 28
Westona, Johannes de, 66
Westrete, Gaufridus de, 9
Whatlega, Johannes de, 67, 72
Whyston, Willam de, 48
Wichard, Nicholaus, 42
Wichenton, Henry de, xx
Wimborn', Thomas de, 17
Wimund, Mainardus, 51
Winton, Adam de, xxxiv
Wintonia, Henricus de, 68 9
Nicholaus de, 120
Wodard, Henricus, 123
Wyke, Galfridus de, 92
Wykeham, Ricardus de, 69
INDEX OF PERSONS
147
Wylehale, Ricardus de, 65
Wylenby, Philippus de, 131
Wynepol, Heriricus de, 103
WyntershuU', Willelmus de, 57
Wytendona, Johannes de, 101
Wyvill, Johannes de, 17, 27, 28, 30
Yres, Le, Johannes, 19
Zuche, La, Alanus, 4:i 5, 62
Alani, Elena uxor, 43, 62
Willelmus, 57
JEWS.
Aaron, Joseph, xx
Adam, clericus, 83
Alemannia, Joceus (Mag.) de, 86
Batecok', Josceus, 125
Bateman, Benedictus, 120, 131
Bedford, Benne de, 125
Bonevie de, 93, 95
Jacobus de, 125
Manasserus de, 9
Pictavinus (Peyuteuyn) de, 48
Pictavini, Belia (Bele) uxor, 35, 48
Belasez, 108, 115
Benedictus le Eveske, 79, 95
Berkhamstede, Isaac de, 72, 86, 90, 95.
Cf. Isaac le Eveske de, 79
Isaac, Floria uxor, 108
Bigelin, Salomon, 36
Biscop, Abraham, 86
Blaungy, Isaac de, 131
Blund, Le, Aaron, 13, 70. Cf. xxvii
Elias, 9
Mosseus, 88
Samuel, 13, 133
Blunt, Le, Mosseus, 87, 88
Bruges, Meir de, 95, 127
Bundy, Josceus, 82, 95, 96, 107
Meirot, Joscei uxoris frater, 96
Bunting, Salomon, 88, 93, 98, 100, 105
Burdeus, Abraham de, 87
Cantuaria, Abbe de, 41
Hake de, 105
Salle de, 43
Cat, Le, Diaia, xliv
Chapelein, Le, Benedictus, 123
Vives, 87, 95
Chipham, Elias de, 30
Clare, Mosseus de, 41, 118
Clerk, Le, Isaac, 131
Jacobus, 67, 82, 84, 90, 93, lOt
Cochard, Isaac, 126
Cok' Haginus. See Filius, Deulecresse
Cokerell, 28, 86
Cokkus, 34
Colecestria, Aaron de, 9
Benedictus de, ib.
Ursellus de, 10
Coltona, Mosseus de, 128
Copin. See Joscepin
Copin, Jacobus, 83
Cornhull', Elias de, 84, 98, 100, 105, 107,
131
Crespin, Aaron, 73, 93, 98, 99
Benedict, xxvii
Isaac, 7
Jacob, xxvii
Jacobus, 83
Mosseus, 7, 131
Cressandinus, 98, 100, 126
Cresseus, le Eveske, 129
le Prestre, 121
Cricklade. See Kricklade
Cruce Eoesie, Bonenfaunt de, 88
Custanciis, Jacobus de, 9
Denecastre, Elias de, 81
Despenser, Le, Manserus, 131
Deudone, xliv
Diei le Eveske, 65, 74, 98, 100, 131
Doggestrete, Mosseus de, 115, 116
Mossei, Bona uxor, ib.
Dorking, Abraham de, 105
Eboraco, Aaron de. See Filius
Aaron de, Henna uxor, 52
Bonamy de, 86
Leo de, 14
Elias, gener Leonis, 11
Elias, le Eveske, xxvii
Elie, Saphira uxor, 60, 61
Evesham, Benedictus de, 87
Exonie, Deulegard, 23
148
INDEX OF PERSONS
Filia, Filius (the patronymic stands
first) :—
Aaron, Cok', 34, 73
Manserus, 71, 88, 120, 131
Manuac, 46
Salomon, 92
Samuel, 52, 70
Saunta, 77
Saunte, Fluria uxor, ib.
Thomas, 82
Abrahe, Aaron, 10, 15, 16, 57. Cf.
xxvii
Diei, 74
Isaac, 36
Jorninus, 99
Josceus, 36
Leo, 36
Manserus, 35
Mosseus, xiv, 36
Vives, 74
Ade, Johannes, 36
Antere, Abraham, 36
Avegay, Benedictus, xliv
Avegaye, Abraham, 14
Mosseus, 123
Benedicti, Abraham, 87
Isaac, 9, 87
Josceus, 95. Cf. Bundy, Josceus
Leo, 87
Benjamin, Aaron, 127. See Hibernia,
Aaron de
Bonenfaunt, Elias, 28
Leo, 101
Bonefey, Mosseus, 128
Brun, Mosseus, 4
Carbini, Aaron de, Josceus, 61
Chere, Elias, 12, 13
Cok', Abraham, 74, 76
Benedictus, ib., 98, 100
Manserus, 73, 75
Cressei or Cresse. See Deulecresse
Deuleben', Elias, 11
Leo, ib.
Deulecresse, Abraham, 88
Benedictus, 36, 86
Cok', Haginus, or Cok' Haginus, 67-8,
77,82,87,117, 118, 119, 133
Cresseus, 106, 120
Isaac, 120
Josceus, 101
Diei, Samuel, 92
Eboraco, Aaron de, Isaac nepotis,
Samuel, 52
Leonis de, Samuel, 14
Filia, Filius : —
Edra, Meir, 36
Elie, Aaron, 117
(Mag.) Abraham, 133
Benedictus or Benettus, 111, 133
Cresseus, 82, 92, 94, 96, 133
Isaac, 133
Leo, ib.
Mosseus, ib.
(Mag.) ? Sampson, 81
Elie le Eveske, Hak\ 15
Flurie, Jacobus, 9, 17 n.
Josceus, 56
Gamaliel, Meir, 90
Gente, Cresseus (Deulecresse), 9, 35, 38,
67, 72, 89, 93, 120
Hagini, Cok', 77, 91, 105
Isaac, 87
Hak', Aaron, 97
Benedictus, 91
Manserus, 56
Herefordia, Isaac de, Samuel, 61
Isaac, Benedictus, 36
Cresseus, 121
Deudone, 105
Isaac, 29, 36, 43, 123
Manserus, 87
Peyuteuyn, 48
Pictavinus, 81
Salomon, 36
Sampson, 90
Samuel, 52
Isaac Cirographarii, Aaron, 13
Jacobi, Aaron, 63
Abbe, 42
Benedictus, 89, 102, 107
Mosseus, 102
Joscei, Abraham, 54, 65
Jacobus, 36
Manserus, 97
Salle, 36
Senioret, xliv
Leonis, Abraham, 36
Antera, 12
Benedictus, 31
Mosseus, 122
Samuel, 53
Sigge, 11
Licoricie, Cokerell, 28
Lumbard, Isaac, Elias, 11
Lumbardi, Cresse or Cresseus (Deule-
cresse), 104
Salomon, 43
Manseri, Elias, 82
INDEX OF PERSONS
149
Filia, Filius :—
Margarete, Leo, xliv
Meirot, Hake, 91
Swetman, ib.
Miles, Jacobus, 36
Milonis, Cresseus, 92, 129
Mossei, Abraham, 15
Josceus, 95
Mossei (Mag.), Cresseus, G7 n. Cf. xxxiii
Elias (Mag.), 14, 43-5, 62, 86, 88, 96,
112, 119, 120, 122, 131. Cf. xxix,
xxxii, xxxiv
Elie, Pucele uxor, 14
Floria uxor, 131
Hagin or Haginus, 68, 73, 77, 84,
86, 91, 98, 99, 105, 109. Cf.
xxxiii
Jacobus, 107
Vives, 46, 51, 74, 77, 79
Antera uxor, 79
Muriel, Abraham, 17 n., 79
Peyuteuyn, Beneyt, 48
Jacob, ib.
Pigge, Josceus, 96
Preciose, Leo, 71-2
Leonis, Belassez uxor, 108
Rabi, Abraham, 7
Ees', Salomon, 11
Salle, Aaron, 36, 74
Josceus, 95
Salomonis, Josceus, 36
Jospinus, 42
Lumbardus, 42
Mosse, xliv
Mosseus, 82
Salomon, 83
Sampsonis, Pictavinus, 127
Samuel, 100
Samuelis, Genta uxor, 100
Samuelis, Sampson, 123
Sarre, Simon Cok, xliv
Sauloti, Joceus, 130
Sleme, Josceus, 71, 87, 89
Soleil, Diaie, 8, 17
Bona uxor, 8
Th . . ., Joppe, xliv
Ursel, Sampson, xliv
Vives, Aaron, 62, 80, 84, 85, 92, 93,
112, 120, 132
Abraham, 17 n.
Sadekinus, 78
Sadekini, Giva uxor, ib.
Sampson, 98, 100
Vivonis, Elias, xliv
Franceys, Le, Isaac, 28
Jacob, 75
Samuel, 116
Gabbay, Abraham, 90, 93
Gelnseye, La, Abraham de, 93
Gruel, Hake, 97
Henn, Aaron, xlvii
Herefordia, Benedictus de, 23
Mosseus de, 22
Herford, Mosseus de, 87
Samuel de, ib.
Hibernia, Aaron de, 120, 127
Honprud, Abraham, 121
Horndona, Abraham de, 86
Isaac, Cirographarius, 13
le Eveske, 74, 79, 82, 87, 88, 90, 93, 95,
97, 98, 100, 105, 127, 131
gener Lombardi, 95
nepos Aaron, 52
Jacobus, le Eveske, 17 n., 71
Joevene, Le, Pictavinus, 65
Joscepin, xxxi
Kancia, Bonenfaunt de, 78
Josceus de, 39
Salle de, 29
Karleun, Isaac de, 129
Josceus de, ib.
Kaune, Isaac de, 96
Kent, Bonami de, 93
Kingestona, Aaron de, 31
Aaron, Hak gener, 32
Kricklade, Lumbardus de, 43, 64
Levere, Mosseus, 93
Josceus, 98, 100
Levi, Benedictus, 87
Manserus, 109
Samuel, 87
Lincolnia, Benedictus de, 77
Haginus de, 33-5, 48, 98. See Filius,
Mossei (Mag.), Hagin or Haginus
Josceus de, 87
Saunta de, 123
Lohum, Lohun, or Loun, Samuel (Mag.)
de, 63, 74-5, 86, 90
Londonia, Isaac le Eveske de, 127
Loudona, Isaac de, 88
150
INDEX OF PERSONS
Manserus, le Eveske, 98, 100
Margarina, 103
Meir, nepos Leonis, 90
Meirot, see Bundy, Josceus, and Filius
Mock, Mosse, xlvii
Molekin, Josceus, 116
Mossei (Mag.), Antera uxor, 42
Mosseus, Magister, 36, 74, 76, 93
Motun or Mutun, Samuel, 45
Abraham, 90
Saulot, 85
Sauloti, Muriel uxor, 86
Moyne, Le, Johannes, 36
Northamptona, Peteman de, 88
Pictavinus de, ib.
Sadekinus de, 87
Sadekini, Giva uxor, 78
Sampson de, 88
Norwico, Abraham de, 90
Elias (Mag.) de, 86
Isaac de, 3
Jacobus de, xliv, 61
Samuel de, 86
Notingham', Pictavinus, 79
Nyweb', or Neubyr', Bonevie de, 18, 35
Potago, Aaron, 73-5, 93
Poteman, Mosseus, 87
Balee or Baleghe, Sampson de, 109, 131
Bothewell, Abraham de, 123
Buby, Le, Jacobus, 128
Bussell, Abraham, 18, 29
Bye or Beye, La, Aaron de, 72, 74, 86, 88,
105
Sadekinus. See Northampton and Filius,
Vives
Sakerell, 97, 99
Melkana uxor, ib.
Salomon, le Eveske, 28
Sampson, 6
Sampson, presbyterus, 36
Samuel, le Eveske, 87
Sancto Licio, Mosseus de, 53
Samuel de, ib.
Sarra, uxor Isaac de, 35
Stamford, Deulecresse de, 86-7
Staundona, Sampson de, 107
Staunford, Samuel de, 82
Suthwerk', Isaac de, 54, 84
Talemunt, Benedict de, xx
Oxonia, Benjamin de, 95
Bonevie de, 63, 84, 96
David de, Licoricia uxor, 19, 28. Cf.
xxvii
Gamaliel de, 46, 68, 72-3, 86, 88, 93,
98, 100, 124, 130, 131
Gamaliel, Mosseus frater, 86
Isaac (Mag.) de, 90, 98, 100
Jacobus de, 107
Josceus de, 95
Manserus de, 95
Mosseus de, 87
Paable Simon, 51
Pape, La, Manserus, 98, 100
Parvus, Isaac, xliv
Pavely, Mosseus de, 42
Petit, Le, Vives, 95
Poleyn, Hak', 78
Ponte, Juliana de, 36
Ursellus, 70
Warrewico, Elias de, 11
Elie, Bessa uxor, ib.
Isaac de, 9, 37, 73, 97
Isaac, Ivetta uxor, 37
Wigornia, Hak' de, 22, 97
Sampson de, 97
Wilton ia, Isaac de, 43
Mosseus de, 56
Wintonia, Benedictus de, 67, 72, 73, 79,
82, 84, 88, 96, 97
Chera de, 13
Deudone, 74-5
Simon de, 124
Vives de, 36
York, Aaron of, xxvi-viii
Benedict of, xxi
Leo of, xxvii
Milo of, xxi. Cf. Eborac
INDEX OP PLACES.
[N.B,
-Where a place-name serves merely to designate a person or persons named,
it is omitted from this list.]
Akemere, 10
Arondell', 69
Baladeulin, 132
Bedford', 49, 125
Benetlega, 8
Berkhamstede, 4
Bodekesham, 68-9
Bridgnorth, xxv
BristolP, 3, 30, 85, 92, 120, 127, 129.
Cf. xxiv
Bury St. Edmunds, xiv, xviii
Caluistona, 129
Cantebrigia, 36, 53, 54, i
Cantuaria, 29, 35, 42,
Cf. xxxvii
Catteshill, xlvi
Chaddestona, 45
Cherlecote, 22
Chinon, xvii
Cicestria, 69
Clarendona, 85
Colecestria, 10, 127
Crikelad, 69
Denham, 94
Devises or Divisiis, 69, 85
Dovor', 29
Dunestaplia, 4
8-9, 76, 85, 112
51, 74-6, 113.
Eboracum, 54-6,
Erlestok', 57
Esseby, 45, 62
Exonia, 83
Faversham, 24
110. Cf. xviii
Geldeford, 69
Ginges Le Munteny, 118, 120
Giesburn', 39
Gloucestria, 28, 61, 70, 85. Cf. xiv
Hacesham, 69
Hasseleye, 26
Hemstede, 101
Herefordia, 61, 70, 85, 117
Herford', 94
Histona, 130
Holm, 68-9
Honytona, 61
Huntedona, 68-9
Insula Eliensis, 76. Cf. xxxvii
Kingestona, 31
Kyngesclipstona, xli
Lewes or Leuwys, 69, 75
Lineolnia, 41, 110. Cf. xiv, xviii, xxx,
xxxvii
Londonia, 5, 6, 8, 9, 16, 33-8, 41, 44, 46,
63-5, 73-5, 79, 80, 86, 90-1, 93-4, 99,
105, 130, 132. Cf. xiv, xxii, xxxvii
Londonie Fossatum, 122
Gyhaulla, La, 6
Murus, 105
Parochie :
S. Egidii extra Crepilgate, 122
S. Laurentii, 5
S. Marie Magdalene de Melkestrete,
119
S. Michaelis in Bassinghag' versus
West, 46 ; Hoggenelane, 119
S. Petri Parvi, 16
S. Stephani, 16
152
INDEX OF PLACES
Londonie Turris, 3, 5, 38, 56, 73, 79, 81,
84, 86, 95, 97, 106-7, 112, 116
Londonie vici etc. :
Bissopesgate, 65
Cattestrete, 105
Colechurchstrete, 105
Daneborgate, 16
Grascherich, 109
Ismongerelane, 65, 105
S. Laurentii in Judaismo, 105-6
Melkestrete, 119
Neugate, 78
Ostregate, 29 n.
Wodestrete, 119
Cimiteriuni S. Martini, 105
Domus Conversorum, 113, 114. Cf.
xxxvi
Warda Nieholai de Wintonia, 108
Lynehales, 80
Oxtona, 84
Pershora, 97
Portsmue, 25
Queenborough, xlii
Reylegha or Kelega, 82
Rocheford, 82
Eothlan, 123, 129
Saford, 69
Salopia, 96, 123
Southampton, xxv
Stafford', 94
Stanford-super-Sorarn, 125
Stanle, 93
Staunford', 81. Cf. xviii
Subbyr', 118
Maldona, 94
Mannesbrig', 18
Merleberg, 2, 3, 43, 85, 113
Newbury, xxv
Newcastle-on-Tyne, ib.
Northamptona, 52, 79, 124. Cf. xxxvii
Norwicum, xliv, 85, 102. Cf. xiv, xviii,
xxvii
Notingham, 125
Novum Castrum, 75
Odyngham, 92
Oxonia, 28, 64, 79, 95, 103, 130. Cf. x,
xii n. 3, xl
Tiberias, xvii
Tykehill, 53
Wallingford, 64
Warrewicum, Warwik', 11, 123
Westmonasterium, xl, xlviii, liv, 23, 27,
28, 29, 30, 31, 48, 59, 60, 62-3, 77, 78,
88
Wigornia, 85. Cf. xxvii, xxxvii
Wiltonia, 19, 69, 104
Windesora, 32, 84, 87, 96, 98, 99
Wintonia, 12, 23, 28, 75. Cf. xiv
Wodestok', 114
Wycombe, xxv
Wyttenes, 26
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Wolsey, its valuable records illustrate forcibly the struggle between the Council and the Common Law
Courts ; the development of equity procedure and principle outside the Chancery ; the social effect of
the dissolution of the monasteries and the raising of rents ; the tenure of land ; the rights of copyholders ;
the power of guilds ; and many other matters of legal and social interest. The introduction covers the
whole history of the Court to its gradual extinction under the Commonwealth and Restoration.
Vol. XIII., for 1899. SELECT PLEAS OF the FORESTS, edited from the Forest Eyre Rolls and
other MSS. in H.M. Record Office and British Museum, by G. J. Turner, M.A., of Lincoln's
Inn, Barrister-at-Law. Crown 4to. Price to non-members, 2%s.
The Forest Plea Rolls are very interesting and little known. They begin as early as the reign of
King John, and consist of perambulations, claims, presentments and other proceedings (such as trials
for poaching and trespass in the Forests) before the Justices in Eyre of the Forests. The present
volume deals with the adminstration of the Forests in the 13th century, their judges, officers, courts,
procedure, &c. ; the beasts of the forest, chase and warren ; the hounds and instruments of hunting ;
the grievances of the inhabitants, benefit of clergy, and other important matters.
Vol. XIV, for 1900. BEVERLEY TOWN DOCUMENTS, edited by Arthur F. Leach, Barrister-at-
Law, Assistant Charity Commissioner. Crown 4to. Price to non-members, 2Ss.
These records illustrate the development of Municipal Government in ihe 14th and 15th centuries :
the communal ownership of land ; the relations between the town and the trade guilds ; and other
interesting matteis.
u 2
156
Vol. XV.. forigoi. SELECT PLEAS, STARRS, &C, OF the JEWISH EXCHEQUER, a.d. 121 8-
1286. Edited, from the Rolls in H.M. Record Office, by J. M. Rigg, of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-
Law. Crown 4to. Price to non-members, 28^.
These Rolls illustrate a department of the history of English law which has been very dark.
The Justiciarii Judsorum, who had the status of Barons of the Exchequer, exercised jurisdiction in
ail affairs between Jews or the Jewish community on the one hand and the Crown or Christians on
the other ; namely, in accounts of the revenue, in some criminal matters, in pleas upon contracts and
torts between Jews and Christians, and in causes or questions touching their land or goods, or their
tallages, fines, and forfeitures. This involved a complete registry of deeds or ' starrs.' The Rolls
constitute a striking history of the English Jewry for 70 years before their expulsion under Edward I.
This volume is published in co-operation with the Jewish Historical Society of England.
The Volumes in course of preparation are
Vol. XVI., for 1902. Select Pleas of the Court of Star Chamber. Vol.1. By I. S. Leadam.
The Records* of this Court consist of Bills, Answers, Depositions, and other proceedings. They
are of great importance as illustrating both public and private history. Xone of the Orders or Decrees
are known to exist. In the Report of a Committee of the House of Lords made in 1719, it is stated
that " the last notice of them that could be got was that they were in a house in St. Bartholomew's
Close, London."
Vol. XVII., for 1903. The Year Books of Edward II. A revised text and translation. Vol. I. By
Professor F. W. MAITLAND.
It is proposed to continue these Year Books in alternate years — 1905, 1907, 1909, &c.
Vol. XVIII., for 1904. Select Pleas of the Court of Star Chamber. Vol. II. By I. S. Leadam.
Vol. XX., for 1906. Glanvill. A New Edition. By I. S. Leadam.
The folloiving are among the Works contemplated for future volumes
Vol. . Select Pleas in Manorial and other Seignorial Courts, Vol. II.
Vol. . Select Municipal Custumals. By Miss Mary Bateson.
Vol. . Select Civil Pleas, Vol. II.
Vol. . Select Charters of Trading Companies.
Vol. . Conveyancing Precedents of the Thirteenth Century.
There are several interesting sets hitherto unprinted. The mercantile transactions are very curious.
Vol. . The History of the Register of Original Writs :
* For further information on these Records, see the valuable and learned " Guide to the Principal Classes of Documents preserved
in the Public Record Office," by S. R. Scakgill-Bird, F.S.A. (London : Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1891.)
The Council will be grateful for any information upon the contents and custody of any
MSS. which may be of sufficient interest to be dealt with by the Society.
All communications may be addressed to the Honorary Secretary,
Mr. B. FOSSETT LOCK, 11 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, London, W.C.
Subscriptions should be paid, and Applications for Forms of Membership or Bankers'
Orders and communications as to the issue of the publications should be made to the Honorary
Treasurer,
Mr. FRANCIS K. MUNTON, 95a Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.
or, in the United States of America, to the Local Honorary Secretary and Treasurer,
Mr. RICHARD W. HALE, 10 Tremont Street, Boston, Massachusetts.
December 1901.
157
Selfcen £>octet2*
FOUNDED 1887.
RULES.
1. The Society shall be called the Selden Society.
2. The object of the Society shall be to encourage the study and advance
the knowledge of the history of English Law, especially by the publication
of original documents and the reprinting or editing of works of sufficient
rarity or importance.
3. Membership of the Society shall be constituted by payment of the
annual subscription, or, in the case of life members, of the composition. Form
of application is given at the foot.
4. The annual subscription shall be £1. Is., payable in advance on or
before the 1st of January in every year. A composition of £21 shall con-
stitute life membership from the date of the composition, and, in the case of
Libraries Societies and corporate bodies, membership for 30 years.
5. The management of the affairs and funds of the Society shall be vested
in a President, two Vice-Presidents, and a Council consisting of fifteen
members, in addition to the ex officio members. The President, the two
Vice-Presidents, the Literary Director, the Secretary, and the Hon. Treasurer
shall be ex officio members. Three shall form a quorum.
6. The President, Vice-Presidents, and Members of the Council shall be
elected for three years. At every Annual General Meeting such one of the
President and Vice-Presidents as has, and such five members of the Council
as have served longest without re-election, shall retire.
7. The five vacancies in the Council shall be filled up at the Annual
General Meeting in the following manner : (a) Any two Members of
the Society may nominate for election any other member by a writing
signed by them and the nominated member, and sent to the Hon.
Secretary on or before the 14th of February, (b) Not less than fourteen
days before the Annual General Meeting the Council shall nominate
for election five members of the Society, (c) No person shall be eligible
for election on the Council unless nominated under this Rule, (d) Any
candidate may withdraw, (e) The names of the persons nominated shall
158
be printed in the notice convening the Annual General Meeting. (/) If the
persons nominated, and whose nomination shall not have been withdrawn,
are not more than five, they shall at the Annual General Meeting be
declared to have been elected, (g) If the persons nominated, and whose
nomination shall not have been withdrawn, shall be more than five, an
election shall take place by ballot as follows : every member of the Society
present at the Meeting shall be entitled to vote by writing the names of not
more than five of the candidates on a piece of paper and delivering it to the
Hon. Secretary or his Deputy, at such meeting, and the five candidates who
shall have a majority of votes shall be declared elected. In case of equality
the Chairman of the Meeting shall have a second or casting vote. The
vacancy in the office of President or Vice-President shall be filled in the
same manner (mutatis mutandis).
8. The Council may fill casual vacancies in the Council or in the offices
of President and Vice-President. Persons so appointed shall hold office so
long as those in whose place they shall be appointed would have held
office. The Council shall also have, power to appoint Honorary Members
of the Society.
9. The Council shall meet at least twice a year, and not less than seven
days' notice of any meeting shall be sent by post to every member of the
Council.
10. There shall be a Literary Director to be appointed and removable by
the Council. The Council may make any arrangement for remunerating the
Literary Director which they may think reasonable.
11. It shall be the duty of the Literary Director (but always subject to
the control of the Council) to supervise the editing of the publications of the
Society, to suggest suitable editors, and generally to advise the Council with
respect to carrying the objects of the Society into effect.
12. Each member shall be entitled to one copy of every work published
by the Society as for any year of his membership. No person other than an
Honorary Member shall receive any such work until his subscription for the
year as for which the same shall be published shall have been paid. Provided
that Public Libraries and other Institutions approved by the Council may,
on agreeing to become regular subscribers, be supplied with the past
publications at such reduced subscription as the Council may from time to
time determine.
13. The Council shall appoint an Hon. Secretary and also an Hon.
Treasurer and such other Officers as they from time to time think fit, and
Bhall from time to time define their respective duties.
14. The funds of the Society, including the vouchers or securities for any
investments, shall be kept at a Bank, to be selected by the Council, to an
account in the name of the Society. Such funds or investments shall only
be dealt with by a cheque or other authority signed by the Treasurer and
159
countersigned by one of the Vice-Presidents or such other person as the
Council may from time to time appoint.
15. The accounts of the receipts and expenditure of the Society up to the
31st of December in each year shall be audited once a year by two Auditors,
to be appointed by the Society, and the report of the Auditors, with an
abstract of the accounts, shall be circulated together with the notice convening
the Annual Meeting.
16. An Annual General Meeting of the Society shall be held in March
1896, and thereafter in the month of March in each year. The Council may
upon their own resolution and shall on the request in writing of not less
than ten members call a Special General Meeting. Seven days' notice at
least, specifying the object of the meeting and the time and place at which
it is to be held, shall be posted to every member resident in the United
Kingdom at his last known address. No member shall vote at any General
Meeting whose subscription is in arrear.
17. The Hon. Secretary shall keep a Minute Book wherein shall be
entered a record of the transactions, as well at Meetings of the Council as at
General Meetings of the Society.
18. These rules may upon proper notice be repealed, added to, or modified
from time to time at any meeting of the Society. But such repeal, addition,
or modification, if not unanimously agreed to, shall require the vote of not
less than two-thirds of the members present and voting at such meeting.
July 1901.
FOKM OF APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP.
To Mr. Feancis K. Munton, 95a Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Honorary Treasurer of the Selden Society.
I desire to become a member of the Society, and herewith send my
cheque for One Guinea, the annual subscription [or £21 the life contribu-
tion] dating from the commencement of the present year. [I also desire
to subscribe for the preceding years , and I add
one guinea for each to my cheque.]
Name
Address
Description
Date
[Note.— Cheques, crossed "Robarts & Co., a/c of the Selden Society,"
should be made payable to the Honorary Treasurer, from whom forms of
bankers' orders for payment of subscriptions direct to the Society's banking
account can be obtained.]
160
l&efben §kocxtt%.
LIST OF MEMBERS.
1900.
(* denotes Life Members ; f Members of the Council.)
UNITED KINGDOM.
Alsop, J. W.
Alverstone, The Eight Hon. Lord
Anson, Sir W. E., Bart.
Ashburner, "Walter
Atkinson, J. T.
Attlee, Henry
Baildon, W. Paley
Bell & Bradfute
BlRKETT, P.
Blakesley, G. H.
Bond, Henry
Brace, L. J. K.
Brice, Seward, Q.C.
Browne, G. F.
TBruce, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Brunel, I.
Buckley, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Byrne, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Campbell, E.
Carpenter, E. H.
tCARTER, A. T.
Chadwick, S. J.
•j-Channell, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Charles, Sir Arthur
Clark, J. W.
Cohen, A., Q.C.
COLVILLE, H. K.
*Connaught, H.E.H. The Duke of
Cook, C. A.
Coolidge, Eev. W. A. B.
Couch, The Eight Hon. Sir E.
Cozens-Hardy, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Cracroft, E. W.
Crewe. W. 0.
16 Bidston Eoad, Birkenhead.
Hornton Lodge, Pitt St., Kensington, W.
All Souls College, Oxford.
15 Old Square, Lincohi's Inn, W.C.
Selby, Yorks.
10 Bilhter Street, E.C.
5 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
12 Bank Street, Edinburgh.
4 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.
13 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
c/o Lloyd's Bank, 16 St. James's Street.W.
5 New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
151 Cannon Street, E.C.
Eoyal Courts of Justice, W.C.
15 Devonshire Terrace, Hyde Park, W.
7 Melbury Eoad, Kensington, W.
33 Lancaster Gate, W.
5 New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Bank Chambers, Corn Street, Bristol.
Christ Church, Oxford.
Lyndhurst, Dewsbury.
Eoyal Courts of Justice, W.C.
Woodlands, Sevenoaks, Kent.
Board of Agricidture, St. James's Sq., S.W
26 Great Cumberland Place, W.
Bellaport Hall, Market Drayton.
Buckingham Palace, S.W.
High Winkworth, Hascombe, Godahning.
Magdalen College, Oxford.
25 Linden Gardens, W.
Eoyal Courts of Justice, W.C.
12 King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
Central Bdgs., North John Street, L'pool.
161
Cross, W. C. H.
CUNLIFFE, B.
CURREY,C.H.
Danckwerts, W. 0., Q.C.
Darling, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Davey, The Eight Hon. Lord
Dees, E. E.
*Derby, The Eight Hon. the Earl of
Dicey, A. V., Q.C, Professor
Donnithorne, Nicholas
IElphinstone, Sir Howard W., Bart.
Elton, C. L, Q.C.
Evans, A. J.
Evans, Sir John
Farwell, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Finlay, Sir E. B., A.G., M.P.
Fisher, H. A. L.
Ford, J. Eawlinson
Fox, G. W.
Fry, The Eight Hon. Sir E.
Galpin, H. F.
*Giffard, Henry A., Q.C.
Grantham, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Gray, W. H.
Gray-Hill, J. E.
Gregory, P. S.
Gruchy, W. L. de
Hadfield, G.
Hall, Hubert
Halliday, J.
Harris, D. L.
Harris, W. J.
Haslehurst, G. L.
IHealey, C. E. H. Chadwyck, Q.C.
*Heap, Ealph
Hollams, J.
Houghton, Boydell
Hudson, Eev. W.
Humfrys, W. J.
Hunter, John
Inderwick, F. A., Q.C.
Bank Chambers, Bristol.
43 Chancery Lane, W.C.
14 Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.
7 New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
18 Princes Gardens, W.
86 Brook Street, W.
The Hall, Wallsend, Northumberland.
Derby House, St. James's Square, S.W.
The Orchard, Banbury Eoad, Oxford.
Fareham, Hants.
2 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
10 Cranley Place, S.W.
65 Chesterton Eoad, Cambridge.
Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead, Herts.
60 Queen's Gardens, W.
4 Temple Gardens, Temple, E.G.
New College, Oxford.
Quarrydene, Westwood, Leeds.
14 Eochester Ter., Camden Town, N.W.
Fairland House, Fairland, near Bristol.
4 George Street, Oxford.
Braye du Valle, Guernsey.
Eoyal Courts of Justice, W.C.
Ormond House, 63 Qu. Victoria Street,E.C.
10 Walter Street, Liverpool.
1 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
12 Highbury Mansions, N.
20 St. Ann's Square, Manchester.
Public Eecord Office, Chancery Lane,W.C.
5 Holland Park, W.
Downing College, Cambridge.
Sittingbourne, Kent.
Bank Street, Lincoln.
7 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
1 Brick Court, Temple, E.C.
30 Mincing Lane, E.C.
1 Temple Gardens, E.C.
15 Hartfield Square, Eastbourne.
Hereford.
Louisa Terrace, Exmouth, Devon.
1 Mitre Court Buildings, Temple, E.C.
Jacobs, Herbert 1 Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.
Jelf, A. E., Q.C. Oak House, Putney.
Jeune, The Eight Hon. Sir Francis H. 37 Wimpole Street, W.
Joyce, The Hon. Mr. Justice Eoyal Courts of Justice, W.C.
Kekewich, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Eoyal Courts of Justice, W.C.
162
Kennedy, The Hon. Mr. Justice
King, H. C.
*Lake, B. G.
Latham, W., Q.C.
Lawrence, P. 0., Q.C.
Lewis, Frank B.
-jLiNDLEY, The Right Hon. Lord
Lindsay, W. A.
Lister, J.
fLocK, B. Fossett
Lushington, His Honour Judge Vernon
ILyte, Sir H. C. Maxwell
Macnaghten, The Right Hon. Lord
tMAITLAND, F. W.
Marsden, R. G.
Martin, C. Trice
Matthews, J. B.
Mears, T. L.
IMoore, A. Stuart
Moulton, J. Fletcher, Q.C, M.P.
f Munton, Francis K.
Nash, E.
Neilson, G.
Nichols, G. J.
North, The Right Hon. Sir Ford
Norton, H. T.
*Norton, R. F., Q.C.
94 Westbourne Terrace, W.
17 Serjeants' Inn, Fleet Street, E.G.
10 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
11 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
4 New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
11 Old Jewry Chambers, E.C.
19 Craven Hill Gardens, W.
College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street, E.C.
Shelden Hall, near Halifax.
11 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
36 Kensington Square, W.
Public Record Office, Chancery Lane,W.C.
198 Queen's Gate, S.W.
Downing College, Cambridge.
13 Leinster Gardens, W.
85 Hamilton Terrace, N.W.
G Sansome Place, Worcester.
9 King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
G King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
11 King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
Montpelier House, Twickenham.
15 Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W.
34 Granby Terrace, Glasgow.
Longfield, Bideford, North Devon.
76 Queensborough Ter., Bayswater, W.
103 Lancaster Gate, W.
11 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Oxford, The Right Rev. the Lord c/o W. W. Stubbs, Esq.
Bishop of (Exors. of) lege, S.E.
Dulwich Col-
Palmer, F. Danby
Parker, Kenyon C. S.
Parker, R. J.
fPENNINGTON, R.
Poland, Sir H. B., Q.C.
fPoLLOCK, Sir F., Bart.
Poore, Major R.
Priest, F. J.
Privy Purse, The Keeper ofH.M.'s
Prothero, G. W.
Radford, G. H.
Raikes, His Honour Judge
tRENSHAW, W. C, Q.C.
Ridley, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Rigby, The Right Hon. Lord Justice
Rigg, J. M.
tRoMER, The Right Hon. Lord Justice
Rosenthal, Julius
Ross, Dr. J. Carne
38 Hall Quay, Great Yarmouth.
13 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
9 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
G4 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.
5 Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.
13 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Old Lodge, Salisbury.
163 Canning Street, Liverpool.
Buckingham Palace, S.W.
24 Bedford Square, W.C.
27 Chancery Lane, W.C.
The Leat House, Malton, Yorks.
5 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
48 Lennox Gardens, S.W.
Carlyle House, Chelsea Embankment, S.W.
9 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
27 Harrington Gardens, S.W.
c/o Stevens & Haynes, 13 Bell Yard.W.C.
Parsonage Nook, Whittington, Manchester
163
Royce, Rev. David
Russell of Killowen,
Lord (Exors. of)
Russell, C. A., Q.C.
Rutherford, W.
Rye, W.
Nether Swill Vicarage, Stow-on-the-Wold.
The Rt. Hon. Royal Courts of Justice, W.C.
2 Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.
3 Plowden Buildings, Temple, E.C.
16 Golden Square, W.
Salisbury, The Rt. Hon. the Marquis of 20 Arlington Street, W.
Savill, Harry
tSCARGILL-BlRD, S.
Seebohm, F.
Shadwell, C L.
Sharp, J. E. E. S.
Smith, Vernon R.,
Stephens, H. C.
R.
Q.C.
12 Fenchurch Avenue, E.C.
Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, "W.C.
The Hermitage, Hitchin.
c/o Messrs. James Parker, Oxford.
Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, W.C.
8 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, "W.C.
Avenue House, Finchle}*, N.
tStirling, The Right Hon. Lord Justice Royal Courts of Justice, W.C.
Stirling, Hugh 11 Birchin Lane, E.C.
Sweet, Charles 10 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Thornely, J. L.
Thornton, C.
Threlfall, Henry S.
Turner, G. J.
Turton, R. B.
♦Walker, J. Douglas, Q.C.
Wall, C. Y.
Wallis, J. P.
Walters, W. Melmoth
Warmington, C. M., Q.C.
Warrington, T. R,, Q.C.
Watney, J., Sir
Watson, E. J.
*Welby, Edward M. E.
Westlake, J., Q.C.
Whitaker, F.
Wthite, J. Bell
Whittuck, E. A.
WlGHTMAN, A.
t Williams, T. Cvprian
Williams, T. W.
IWills, The Hon. Mr. Justice
Wilson, J. C.
Woods, Grosvenor, Q.C.
5 Fenchurch Street, Liverpool.
2 Leeds Road, Nelson, Lancashire.
12 London Street, Southport.
14 Old Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Killdale Hall, Grosmont, Yorks.
20 Queen's Gate Gardens, S.W.
Grange House, Darlington.
1 Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.
Ewell, Surrey.
7 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
6 New Court, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Mercers' Hall, E.C.
St. John's Arch, Bristol.
Norton House, Norton, Sheffield.
River House, Chelsea Embankment, S.W.
Duchy of Lancaster Office, W.C.
2 Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.
77 South Audley Street, W.
Bank Chambers, George Street, Sheffield.
7 Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
Bank Chambers, Corn Street, Bristol.
Royal Courts of Justice, W.C.
Shelwood House, Oxford.
Mountfield, Bonchurch, I.W.
SOCIETIES, LIBRARIES, &c.
Birmingham :
Central Free Library Ratcliff Place.
Cambridge :
Trinity Hall.
Croydon :
Public Libraries.
164
Dublin :
King's Inn Library.
Glasgow :
Faculty of Procurators
Mitchell Library
Hull:
Public Libraries.
Liverpool :
Free Public Library.
Incorporated Law Society
Tate Library
London :
Bar Library
Guildhall Library
Gladstone Library
Gray's Inn.
Incorporated Law Society
Inner Temple.
Lincoln's Inn.
London Library
Middle Temple.
Oxford and Cambridge Club
Public Eecord Office
Sion College
Society of Antiquaries
Treasury (Parliamentary Counsel)
Manchester :
Free Reference Library
Manchester Law Library
Owens College
62 St. George's Place
21 Miller Street.
13 Union Court.
University College.
Royal Courts of Justice, W.C.
Guildhall, E.C.
National Lib. Club, Whitehall Place, S.W.
Chancery Lane, W.C.
14 St. James's Square, S.W.
c/o Harrison & Sons, 59 Pall Mall, S.W.
c/o Eyre & Spottiswoode, Gt. New St., E.C.
Victoria Embankment, E.C.
Burlington House, W.
c/o Eyre & Spottiswoode, Gt. New St., E.C.
King Street.
Kennedy Street.
c/o J. E. Cornish, 16 St. Ann's Square.
Newcastle-on-Tyne :
Literary and Philosophical Society.
Oxford :
All Souls College.
York:
Yorkshire Law Society
Guildhall.
COLONIAL AND FOEEIGN.
DENMARK :
Royal Library, Copenhagen
DOMINION OF CANADA:
Armour, Hon. Chief Justice
Proudfoot, W.
c/o Sampson Low & Co., Fetter Lane, E.C
Cobourg, Ontario.
3 Queen's Park, Toronto.
Law Society of Upper Canada c/o Stevens & Haynes, 13 Bell Yard, W.C.
Library of Parliament, Ottawa c/o E. G. Allen, 28 Henrietta St., W.C.
University of Toronto c/o E. G. Allen, 28 Henrietta St., W.C.
The Supreme Court, Ottawa c/o Stevens & Haynes, 13 Bell Yard, W.C.
165
FRANCE :
Barclay, Thomas
Tardiff, E. T.
BlBLIOTHEQUE NaTIONALE
blbliotheque de la faculte de
Droit
blbliotheque de l'universite
GERMANY :
Hubner, Professor
Berlin Royal Library
ITALY :
Jerome, Thomas Spencer
NEW ZEALAND:
Williams, Mr. Justice
QUEENSLAND:
* Griffith, Sir S. W., C.J.
Queensland Public Libraries
SOUTH AFRICA :
* Finnemore, Mr. Justice
SOUTH AUSTRALIA:
University of Adelaide
SWEDEN :
Royal Library, Stockholm
SWITZERLAND :
Universitats-Bibliothek
TASMANIA :
Tenison, C. M.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
California :
San Francisco Law Library
17 Rue Pasquier, Paris.
28 Rue clu Cherche-midi, Paris.
Paris.) c/o Kegan Paul & Co., Paternoster
Paris.) House, Charing Cross Rd.,W.C.
c/o M. Picard, 82 Rue Bonaparte, Paris.
c/o W. Muller, 59 Castle Street East, W.
c/o Asher & Co., 13 Bedford Street, W.C.
Villa Castello, Capri.
Supreme Court, Dunedin.
Judges' Chambers, Brisbane.
Brisbane.
Supreme Court, Pietermaritzburg, Natal.
c/o W. Muller, 59 Castle Street East, W.
c,'o Sampson Low & Co., Fetter Lane, E.C.
Basel.
Hobart.
San Francisco.
District of Columbia:
* Fuller, Hon. M. W.
* Gray, Hon. Horace
Connecticut :
Connecticut State Library Hartford.
Illinois :
Blair, Frank P.
The Law Institute, Chicago
Supreme Judicial Courts, Washington.
Supreme Judicial Courts, Washington.
46-48 Borden Block, Chicago.
c/o Stevens & Haynes, 13 Bell Yard, W.C.
Iowa :
Iowa State University Iowa City.
Maryland :
The Baltimore Bar Library Baltimore.
Johns Hopkins University Baltimore.
166
Massachusetts :
* Abbot, E. H.
Adams, "Walter
* Ames, Professor James B.
Beale, Professor J. H.
Bigelow, Professor M. M.
Brandies, Dunbar & Nutter
Fish, Frederick P.
Gray, Professor J. C.
Hale, Richard W.
Hill, A. D.
Holmes, Hon. W.
Leverett, George V.
Thayer, Professor James B.
Boston University
Boston Athenaeum
Boston Public Library )
Harvard College Library |
* Harvard Law School
Social Law Library
"Worcester Law Library
Minnesota :
Young, Hon. G. B.
The Minneapolis Bar Assoc.
Missouri :
Sale, M. N.
New Jersey :
Princeton University
New York:
Abbott, Everett Y.
Ashley, Clarence D.
Bacon, Henry Selden
Bell, James D.
Brainerd, C.
Davies, J. T.
Diven, George M.
Gulick, John C.
Keener, Professor W. A.
Kenneson, T. D.
Loewy, Benno
Milburn, J. G. (Buffalo)
Nichols, G. L.
Starbuck, Henry P.
Strong, C. E.
Brooklyn Law Library
Cornell University Library
Long Island Historical Soc.
New York Public Library
New York Bar Association
New York Law Institute
1101 Tremont Building, Boston.
S. Framingham.
Harvard Law School, Cambridge.
13 Chauncy Street, Cambridge.
944 Tremont Building, Boston.
220 Devonshire Street, Boston.
40 "Water Street, Boston.
60 State Street, Boston.
10 Tremont Street, Boston.
53 State Street, Room 1033, Boston.
Court House, Boston.
53 Devonshire Street, Boston.
5 Phillips Place, Cambridge.
Ashburton Place, Boston.
8 Beacon Street, Boston,
c/o Kegan Paul & Co., Paternoster House,
Charing Cross Road, AV.C.
Cambridge.
Court House, Boston.
Worcester.
24 Gilfillan Block, St. Paul.
Temple Court, Minneapolis.
Commercial Building, St. Louis.
Princeton.
55 "William Street, New York City.
New York University, New York City.
811 Wilder Building, Rochester.
87 Lee Avenue, Brooklyn.
47 Cedar Street, New York City.
58 William Street, New York City.
Elmira.
132 Nassau Street, New York City.
Columbia College, Sch. of Law, N.Y. City.
11 William Street, New York City.
206 Broadway, New York City.
c/o B. F. Stevens, 4 Trafalgar Square, W.C.
49 Wall Street, New York City.
Columbia College, New York City.
36 Wall Street, New York City.
County Court House, Brooklyn,
c/o E. G. Allen, 28 Henrietta Street, W.C.
c/o B. F. Stevens, 4 Trafalgar Square,
f AV.C.
42 West 44th Street, New York City,
c/o Stevens & Hayncs, 13 Bell Yard, W.C.
167
Ohio:
Cincinnati Law Library Cincinnati.
Law School, Cincinnati Coll. Cincinnati.
Pennsylvania :
*Gest, John M. 400 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
Jones, James Collins 641 N. Eighth Street, Philadelphia.
Schafer, Hon. John D. Pittsburgh.
Simpson, Alexander, Jr. 815 Stephen Girard Bdg., Philadelphia.
Bryn Mawr College Library c/oY.J.Pentland,38 WestSmithfield,E.C.
Law Assoc, of Philadelphia Eoom 600, City Hall, Philadelphia.
Library Co. of Philadelphia c/o E. G. Allen, 28 Henrietta St., W.C.
Pennsylvania University Philadelphia.
Vermont :
Haselton, Seneca Burlington.
May, Elisha St. Johnsbury.
Mower, Edmund C. Burlington.
Bedmond, John W. Newport.
Stafford, The Hon. Wendell P. St. Johnsbury.
Taft, The Hon. R. S. Willston.
Washington :
Shepard, Charles E. New York Building, Seattle.
Wisconsin :
State Historical Society c/o H. Sotheran & Co., 140 Strand, W.C.
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