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SERMONS:^»^
CONNECTED WITH TUB
Swrptning of tge Clnxrdj of tlje Sotttlj farisg,
IN PORTSMOUTH, NEW HAMPSHIRE,
PREACHED DEC. 25 & 26, 1858; AND JAN. 30 AND
EEB. 6, 1859.
BY ANDREW P. PEABODY,
PASTOR OF THE PARISH.
^ubliSrjeU bg Request.
PORTSMOUTH:
JAMES F. SHORES, JUN., & JOSEPH H. FOSTER.
boston:
crosby, nichols, and company.
1859.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S59, by
J. F. SHORES, JUN., AND J. H. FOSTER,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
New Hampshire.
BOSTON :
printed by john wilson and son,
22, School Street.
CONTENTS.
Sermon. page.
I. — Christian Worship 5
II. — Christ and the Father One 26
III. — History of the South Parish 44
IV. — History of the South Parish (continued) . . 65
Appendix 91
I.
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
Preached at the Re-opening of the Church, Dec. 25, 1858.
Heb. x. 20: "A new and living Way."
A KIND Providence permits us, after our
protracted absence, to renew our wor-
ship on this long-hallowed spot ; and, I trust,
not without glad and grateful hearts. I sym-
pathize with those who most rejoice in the
change that we witness in our sanctuary ;
for I cannot but feel, that — rapidly as we are
passing on, and in all things, whether we so
intend or not, living less for ourselves than
for those who shall come after us — we have
been doing a work for which our children
and our children's children will thank us, and
have made the extent, capacity, and conve-
2
6 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
nience of our house of worship such as must
meet the demands of those who shall assemble
here for many generations. At the same
time, in the general outlines of the walls and
ceiling, we retain those larger features which
gave individuality to the edifice, are indelible
in all our associations with it, and will trans-
mit the memory of the pure and refined taste
which presided in its inception, and made it
inferior to hardly any structure of the same
date, in simple and massive elegance, and in
fitness for its sacred uses. We have our tri-
bute of gratitude to offer, that, in an enter-
prise involving so much exposure and peril,
the lives of those who have wrought the work
for us have been preserved, and that not a
single serious personal injury has occurred to
leave a painful remembrance. I trust, also,
that, in the inevitable differences of opinion
connected with so large and important an
undertaking, there has been such an exercise
of the spirit of mutual concession and for-
bearance, and so sincere a desire and en-
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. t
deavor to meet all reasonable wishes, that we
re-enter our church no less a united Christian
community than when we left it ; and that the
unspeakable blessing of harmony, which has
been ours for a time of which the memory
of man runneth not to the contrary, will
continue unimpaired longer than our forms
or our names shall be remembered here.
Though we would gladly have hastened the
day, it may be accounted as a privilege that we
return hither on the anniversary so precious
to every Christian heart; and that with our
consecrating anthem and prayer we lift our
thanksgiving for the advent of Him who has
taught us to pray, and filled our hearts with
praise.
The blending of the two occasions suggests
Christian Worship as our theme. I have
separated the words of our text from the con-
nection in which they stand as referring to
the Saviour's death, and taken them as a
motto for a discourse on what is peculiar in
Christian worship, — on the way to the throne
8 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
and the mercy-seat opened by the advent of
Christ. A new way ; for Christian worship
has features entirely different from those
which have appertained to any other religion
except Judaism, and to which Jewish wor-
ship bore only the resemblance which the
part may bear to the whole, the beginning
to the consummation, the germ to the ripened
fruitage. A living way ; for the Saviour,
born in Bethlehem, dying only to live again,
ever-living, is the way. Christian worship
may be considered as to its object, its de-
mands of the individual worshipper, and the
relations in which it places him toward
the race of which he is a member.
I. We consider its object, — not the Crea-
tor, not the Sovereign, not the Judge, but
the Father. All other modes of worship have
been propitiatory, — have been offered to divi-
nities that needed to be appeased and conci-
liated. Even the devout Jew dared not come
to the altar without his sacrifice ; and, without
the shedding of blood, there was no remission.
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 9
Until Christ, the universal consciousness of
mankind confessed an alienation from God,
and a need of reconciliation, of atonement.
Ill-desert interposed a fearful chasm between
the sinner and his God. Man had defeated
his own claims at the divine hand by his
wide dereliction of the duties of a creature,
a subject, a child. Before the awful justice
and unsullied purity of his Judge, he was
self-condemned. All that he felt able to do
was, by sacrifice, or even by self-torture, to
attest the depth of his humiliation, and with
an agonized heart to implore the mercy, of
which he traced no sign in the inflexible or-
der of nature ; in the heavens, wlrose eternal
silence the voice of pardon had not broken ;
or in the earth, whose soil had not yet been
trodden by any God-sent messenger of recon-
ciliation. Hence groaned the altars with
slaughtered hecatombs. Hence, in the stress
of remorseful terror, flowed the blood of the
first-born to expiate the father's transgression.
Hence weary pilgrimages, and lacerations of
10 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
the flesh, and readings of its living fibre, and
self-immolations at the shrines of a deluded
faith. But all this has been removed by the
new and living way. In the sacrifice of
Christ, mercy and justice meet ; righteousness
and peace embrace each other. All that se-
parated between man and God has been rent
away ; the veil that hid the holy of holies is
torn down ; and he who has seen Christ has
seen the Father. Our ill-desert is none the
less; but reconciliation has been proclaimed,
and sealed on the cross. Repentance has no
additional intrinsic merit to cancel sin, and to
avert its righteous penalty ; but, in the peace-
speaking blood, there is mercy which rejoices
against judgment. Man can urge no added
claim in his own right ; but he can come as
an erring and guilty child, and cast himself
on the eternal love of the Father, whom
Christ alone reveals and manifests.
The living way, — oh! it is of unspeakable
worth. None felt themselves repelled from
the Saviour. The despised and rejected of
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 11
men fell with contrite tears at his feet. The
sinful, in their penitence, were drawn to him
by the very intensity of their guilt and need.
Those, in whom right purpose struggled with
conscious infirmity, were strengthened by his
words of good cheer and promise. All that
was worthy in them felt the might of his
sympathy ; all that was evil yielded its hold
on the hearts which were opened to his influ-
ence. In his prayer for his murderers, in his
death for a guilty race and world, there was
love such as man had not seen or conceived.
When we are taught to regard him as the
image, the earthly manifestation, of God, then,
for the first time, do we know and feel what
it is to call God our Father. Yes, it is in
him alone that we behold the Father. In him
the Father comes forth to meet the penitent
child, to throw around him the arms of eter-
nal love, to open to his returning steps the
everlasting mansion. Thus, in all the assur-
ance, confidence, certainty, with which we can
now lift our praises and our prayers ; in all
12 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
that makes our Christian worship a loving
service, — whenever our lips utter the blessed
word Father, and a child's heart is borne
heavenward in the utterance, — we are tread-
ing the new and living way which Christ hath
opened ; or, rather, which Christ is.
But, my friends, glad and precious as this
thought is, it has for us its solemn admoni-
tion. If we come to God as to our Father,
we can come only as his children, with filial
love, with implicit trust, with obedient desire
and purpose. In the Christian temple, above
all, is the heartless service abhorrent. He,
who stoops to the prayer of the penitent and
the desire of the contrite, can have no response
for the empty voice and the vacant show of a
worship in which the soul cries not, with
yearning love, " Abba, my Father ! " With
this full and clear revelation of paternal mer-
cy, there is only cast a deeper guilt, a surer
condemnation, on those who will not love and
trust and obey the Father thus revealed. As,
then, we welcome the Saviour's advent, oh! let
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 13
us take him to our hearts as the type and
pledge of the Father, from whom he came ;
and, through that one Mediator, let our vows
of profound gratitude and entire self-consecra-
tion go up to Him who has loved us with an
everlasting love.
II. We next consider Christian worship as
to what it demands of the individual wor-
shipper. Under every other system than the
Christian, worship has been regarded as at
least in some degree separated from cha-
racter. Though, through the inspired pro-
phets, there was the clear foreshining of a
more spiritual dispensation, yet in Judaism,
as held and practised by the overwhelming
majority of the nation, there was an entire
divorce between the worship and the life ;
and those who were the most punctilious in
ordinances were the most unscrupulous in
morals ; fasting twice a week, and devouring
widows' houses ; paying tithes of mint, anise,
and cumin, and neglecting justice and charity.
But, under Christ, the life is the worship.
14 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
The law of truth and right is the rubric,
common speech and daily deeds the ritual, of
devotion. We are to eat and drink, and do
whatever we do, to the glory of God. We
are to pray without ceasing. God is to have
a part in every thought and purpose and act.
All the ground on which we tread is hallowed
ground : we never pass beyond temple-gates.
Our homes are to be sanctuaries ; our fami-
lies, churches ; even the house of merchandise,
our Father's house. The idea which we are
wont to express by sacred time, holy place,
and other similar phrases, is utterly unchris-
tian. The gospel does away the old distinc-
tion between the common and the consecrated,
not by desecrating the consecrated, but by
hallowing the common ; by levelling, not
downward, but upward. Thus it forbids
oaths, but endows every word we utter with
the sanctity of an oath. It enjoins no fasts ;
but it would crown our feast-days with more
than the devotion of a fast. Thus, also, it
lifts up the six working days to the sabbath-
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 15
level of holy time ; and makes whatever may
be the scene of duty, suffering, or joy, no less
than the formally dedicated temple, the house
of God and the gate of heaven. Yet, by this
very process, fresh honor and added sanction
are given to the sabbath and the sanctuary ;
to the one as the divinely designated season, to
the other as the fitting place, for kindling,
reviving, and feeding the flame, which, dur-
ing the working days and in the outside
world, must often be kept alive in stifling air,
or dense mists, or dreary wastes that yield
no fuel. To state, in brief, the distinction : in
other religions, rites and ordinances are wor-
ship : in Christianity, they sustain and nourish
worship. The gospel, then, unseats them only
to establish them on a firmer basis ; casts
them down from the cloud-built eminence of
an arbitrary enactment, a factitious sanctity,
and a talismanic efficacy, to lay the foundation
for them in needs and utilities co-extensive
with the race of man, and lasting as the life of
man upon the earth.
16 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
The identification of worship with the entire
life is of the highest practical value. It at-
taches to all that we say and do the solemnity
of an altar-service ; and brings to bear on the
details of business and recreation, on the cares
and duties of home, on those little things in
which we are so prone to relax our watchful-
ness and diligence, yet which set the current
and determine the drift of character, the same
infinite motives that are owned and suggested
in our prayer and praise. We depart to our
own injury and peril from the spirit of Chris-
tian worship, whenever, even in thought, we
separate from it aught that can bear the name
of duty. The old theologians used to talk
about the first and second tables of the Deca-
logue,— the first religious, the second moral.
There were, indeed, two tables ; probably be-
cause it was easier for Moses to carry two
than one. But neither is more religious than
the other. Truth and honesty are as much a
part of God's worship as reverence and sab-
bath-keeping. In like manner, moralists have
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 17
divided duties into religious, social, and per-
sonal,— a division which may sometimes be
convenient for reference, but which has no
basis in the nature of things : for its religious-
ness, its being of divine enactment, its being
a part of worship, enters into the definition
of duty ; and that which forms no portion of
the daily, continual sacrifice required upon the
altar of God, is not a duty.
Here, too, we are led in worship by the liv-
ing way. The perfectness, the solemnity, the
religiousness, of the Saviour's common life,
the consecration that rested on his every word
and act, his manifest dwelling in the bosom of
the Father while he walked among men, is the
one type and pattern of perpetual worship,
shows us how the life may be all praise, illus-
trates the living sacrifice, and urges all who
would follow Christ to glorify God alike with
body and with spirit, and, in all times and in
all places, to lift up holy hands and adoring
hearts.
18 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
III. We will now consider Christian wor-
ship as regards the relations into which it
brings ns with our race. We pray not to my
Father, but to our Father ; and of the world-
wide sweep of the our we bear witness when
we add. " Thy kingdom come." As we use
our Lord's Prayer, it is only from this out-
going of the heart, this contemplation of the
sovereignty of God over all, this owning of a
brotherhood broad as the universe, that we
narrow our petitions to our own individual
wants and needs. In this respect, Christianity
stands alone. All other religions, Judaism ex-
cepted, have been more or less caste-religions,
either sanctioning the factitious distinctions of
class, title, or descent, or else borrowing the
aid of superstition to set up more cruel and
invidious barriers between man and man.
Thus the Bramin is too holy, the Pariah too
vile, to touch the person or share the food of
the member of another caste. The purest
of the Grecian philosophers promised immor-
tal life with the gods only to those of philo-
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 19
so})] iic culture ; while the souls of even the
best men from among the common people
were to tenant the bodies of ants, wasps, and
bees. In the great Roman epic, ^Eneas finds
in the Elysian fields none but poets, heroes,
and men of renown. The Hebrews, indeed,
under the divine guidance, formed a common-
wealth ; but, if we except the more clear-
sighted of their prophets, they had fellow-
feeling for Jews alone, and their fierce ban
rested on the nations beyond the pale of their
covenant. Among the earliest arguments
against Christianity, we find repeated and con-
temptuous mention of its overpassing social
and national distinctions ; of its extending its
teachings and its hopes to the poor and the
illiterate ; of its embracing in its charities all
sorts and conditions of men. This feature
was urged by Jew and Gentile as conclusive
evidence against the divinity of the gospel ;
nay, as shutting out its claims from rightful
tolerance. In fine, the Pharisee's prayer,
" God, I thank thee that I am not as other
20 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
men," is the type of all extra-Christian wor-
ship.
But the Christian cannot stand thus by
himself when he prays. He cannot bring his
own little cup to the fountain of living water,
and get so much as a drop to allay his thirst.
It is only when he is ready to offer the cup to
every thirsty soul, that the waters flow for his
own need. That is not Christian worship,
where the highly privileged congregation wrap
themselves in their own self-complacency ; re-
joice in the quiet affluence of their own spirit-
ual estate, in the walls of peace and bulwarks
of salvation that surround their own fold ;
while they ignore or scorn the heathenism
and moral destitution, whether close around
them or in the uttermost parts of the earth ;
and omit from their counsel, prayer, and ef-
fort, inveterate wrongs, time-indurated evils,
giant forms of guilt, and profound depths of
misery. Such worshippers may be at ease ;
but it is not in Zion. They may offer prayer
and praise ; but it is not to the Father of the
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 21
Lord Jesus, who will have all men to be
saved. They may commune at a table spread
in the solemn form and spotless beauty of
holiness ; but it is not the table of Him whose
nearest follower and most authentic inter-
preter directs that prayer and supplication be
made for all men. Christian worship is in
itself a philanthropy broad as the race, deep
as the needs of humanity.
In this philanthropic worship we are guided
by the living way. Jesus, in his single person-
ality, runs through the entire scale of being.
In the form of God, in the lowliest fortunes of
humanity ; rich beyond thought, poorer than
the poorest ; in the bosom of the Father, with
no spot on earth where to lay his head ; her-
alded by angels, crucified with malefactors ;
adored by the hosts of heaven, buffeted by
the meanest and coarsest of the children of
men, — he comprehends in these contrasts all
estates, and, by his exaltation above the high-
est and his brotherhood with the lowest, makes
of all one family. He, too, overpasses all na-
3
22 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
tional barriers. Arabian sages brought their
gifts to his manger-cradle ; among the first
subjects of his divine charity were the Samari-
tans, with whom the Jews had no dealings ;
and his parting words command the preach-
ing of the gospel, in all the world, to every
creature.
We have, then, for the characteristics of
Christian worship, its object, — the Father,
God ; its ritual, — the consecrated life ; its
spirit, — universal charity and love. To this
worship we renew the dedication of our house
of prayer. To this we hallow these enlarged
walls, with all that art and skill have wrought
within them to make the place of our assem-
bling a meet offering to the Most High. Of
the tender, loving spirit, of the pervading,
penetrating power, of the world-wide charity,
of this worship, may those who shall stand in
this pulpit bear faithful testimony ! As we
come to this altar, may it be, not to spend an
isolated hour in holy musing, but to pour out
the treasured experiences of our daily devo-
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 23
tion and our constant beneficence, and to
•carry hence quickening thoughts for perpe-
tual, lifelong communion with our Saviour !
At this font may there be sealed the baptism,
not to sacred names alone, but to the love of
the Father ; to the following of the Lamb,
whithersoever he goeth ; to the reception and
the diffusion, in pure example, kindly en-
deavor, and broadcast philanthropy, of the
grace of the Holy Spirit ! As the stirring
notes of this majestic organ wake the heart
and attune the voice to the high praise of
God, may they deepen our religious affec-
tions, start the quickened throb of obedient
purpose, and impart generous impulses that
shall be felt in our whole life among men !
Thus may we, and those who shall come after
us in far-off generations, here worship the
Father in spirit and in truth !
And now let every heart be lifted in praise
for that wonderful, glorious advent, whose
hour was struck on angel-harps over the hill-
24 CHRISTIAN WORSHIP.
tops of Bethlehem ; that birth in which was
born all that can give pure joy on earth, —
all that, can feed the hope full of immortality.
As we surround our tables, and gather about
us those dear to us as our own souls, let fer-
vent thanks go forth to Him whose gospel has
created home, woven its indissoluble bonds,
inbreathed its virtues and its charities, inter-
twined the heart-fibres of its holy sympathies
and loves. As, in our gatherings, there come
up dear memories of the pure and lovely, the
true and faithful, the innocent babe and the
mature in age and goodness, translated before
us to the heavenly society, let solemn grati-
tude ascend to Him in whom those who were
on earth united are not separated by death ;
and through whom we know, that, if one in
him with those who sleep in him, we shall
see them eye to eye in the resurrection of
the just. And as this anniversary marks for
us a new stage of our passage onward in the
great procession from dust to dust, oh ! let
CHRISTIAN WORSHIP. 25
our hosannas go up, from hearts that feel the
power of his resurrection, to Him in whom
alone the dead live ; and who hath said, " He
that believeth in me shall never die."
II.
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
Preached on Sunday, Dec. 26, 1858.
John x. 30 : "I and my Father are one."
rpHTS text is sometimes quoted in support
of the doctrine of Christ's union with
God as a person in the Trinity. But I can-
not conceive of its heing so quoted by any
honest man who can read the Greek of the
New Testament. Such is the grammatical
form of the word rendered one, that it cannot
possibly mean one person or one being-. The
literal translation of the passage is, "I and
my Father are one thing; " that is, " Our pur-
pose and aim, as to the subject of discourse, —
the safe-keeping of the flock, — is the same. I
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 27
will not suffer them to be plucked out of my
hand : my Father will not suffer them to be
plucked out of his hand." The construction
is the same as in the prayer of our Saviour in
the seventeenth chapter of St. John's Gospel,
where he says, " The glory which thou gavest
me I have given them, that they may be one
even as we are one." Thus our text can de-
note no other union between Christ and God
than that which subsists among all the mem-
bers of Christ's body ; namely, the union of
feeling, will, and endeavor.
But while, as a proof-text for that one dis-
puted doctrine, our text has no weight what-
ever, it seems to me full of rich, tender, and
encouraging significance. It closes that sur-
passingly beautiful parable of the sheep and
the shepherd. Jesus has represented by the
most touching imagery his own care and love
for his flock ; his readiness to do all and suffer
all for them ; nay, even to lay down his life
for them : and now, to add force to these as-
surances, he connects the Father's name with
28 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
his own in his mission and ward of redeeming
mercy. " My Father, which gave them me,
is greater than all ; and none is able to pluck
them out of my Father's hand. I and my
Father are one.''
Let me now exhibit to you, by illustrations
derived from what might take place in a hu-
man family, the view of our Saviour's office
which seems to me inconsistent with the sen-
timent of the text, and the view which forces
itself upon my own mind, and which I would
gladly leave in connection with these words
in your minds.
In the first place, suppose yourself, my
hearer, the wayward, disobedient child of a
father, virtuous indeed, and kind to those
who really deserve his kindness, but inexo-
rably rigid in his adherence to what the world
calls justice. He is angry with you for your
misdoings. He has driven you from his
house, and threatened to disinherit you, and
to have nothing more to do with you. You,
however, are sincerely penitent ; you acknow-
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 29
ledge your father's claims upon you ; you
long to be received home again, and to show
the genuineness of your repentance by an
altered life and character. Still that threat
remains, and he deems himself bound in honor
not to recall it. At this juncture a compas-
sionate friend intervenes, who feels deeply for
your orphaned, outcast condition, and deter-
mines to do all that he can to restore you to
your father's house. He goes to your father,
and endeavors to appease his anger, to revive
his paternal tenderness for you, and to recon-
cile him to you. He succeeds only with great
difficulty ; and, in order to satisfy your father's
sensitiveness to the word which has gone from
him that he will not receive you again, he
even offers to take upon himself a punishment
which shall be set off in the scales of justice
against the penalty you merit. Now, you
would never say of such a friend, that he and
your father were one. They are as far apart
as two beings can be. The one is all stern,
legal justice ; the other, all love. The one,
30 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
retaining the name, has lost the heart, of a
father ; the other, without the name, has a fa-
ther's heart.
I will make now a different supposition.
You are, I will imagine, wayward and disobe-
dient ; and, of your own accord, you have left
your father's house. But you now sincerely
repent. Your first thought is, " My offences
are too great to be forgiven." You know
that you have deserved very ill of a father
who was always kind to you. You are afraid
to cross his threshold. You dread lest his
justice may be too severe to receive you again
to his favor. You impute to him the harsh
thoughts, feelings, and judgment for which
you know that you have given only too just
cause. But your father takes the work of
reconciliation into his own hands. He sends
to you a dear friend of his, charged to tell you
that your father loves you as well as he ever
did ; that your guilt has not made him your
enemy ; that his arms and his house are freely
open to you, whenever you will return. This
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 31
friend seeks you out ; tells you that he has
come .at your father's request ; talks to you
tenderly of your father's inalienable kindness
and affection ; holds forth every representa-
tion that can be of avail to induce you to
go back to your forsaken home. To impress
you the more profoundly with the truth of his
words, he partakes with you in the trials and
sufferings of your exiled condition, and makes
heavy and painful personal sacrifices while he
is with you ; assuring you all the while, that,
in what he endures for love of you, he is only
manifesting the intensity of your father's love
for you. Now, of that friend you would feel
that he and your father were one ; for, in
all that he said, did, and suffered, you would
look right through him into your father's
heart.
These illustrations represent two widely dif-
ferent theories with reference to the mission
and office of Christ. According to one of
these theories, we all rest for our sins under
an inexorable sentence of condemnation and
32 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
eternal punishment. This sentence cannot be
turned away by our penitence. The penalty,
or its equivalent, must be somehow borne, —
if not by us, by a substitute who shall take
upon himself the sufferings due to us under
the divine justice. Jesus interposes to appease
the divine displeasure. He offers himself in
our stead to shame and agony. He satisfies
for us the stern demands of justice ; and God
accepts the punishment of this innocent being
instead of our punishment. Now, I maintain,
that, according to this theory, God and Christ
are not one, but opposite parties. Nor can I,
on this ground, attach any meaning to such
scriptures as, " God was in Christ, reconciling
the world unto himself;" or, " God so loved
the world, that he gave his only-begotten Son."
For scripture appropriate to this dogma, I
must turn away from the New Testament to
the well-known hymn : —
" Rich were the drops of Jesus' blood,
That calmed His frowning face ;
That sprinkled o'er the burning throne,
And turned the wrath to grace."
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 33
Indeed, one fatal objection to the theory now
under consideration is, that there is no inti-
mation of it in the New Testament, — not one
word about the necessity of reconciling God,
about substituted or vicarious punishment, or
about the impossibility of God's freely forgiv-
ing the sins of the penitent.
Many, however, allege their own felt need
as their reason for accepting this theory.
They say that they are conscious of guilt,
which, in its very nature, cannot be forgiven ;
that they dare not trust the divine mercy in
and of itself; that they cannot come to God
with any confidence, except through the blood
of the innocent victim. I admit the reality of
these feelings. They form, and have formed,
a part of the religious experience of thousands
upon thousands. But they are a need created
by the very doctrine which satisfies it. In the
earthly relation of father and child, if you so
misapprehended your kind father's character
as to suppose that on no account whatever he
would pardon you, nothing could give you
34 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
assurance of your favorable reception at home,
unless some one took upon himself the punish-
ment due to you. In like manner, if your
views of the divine character forbid you to
believe that God can freely forgive sin, you
can suppose yourself forgiven only when a
substitute appears to suffer in your stead.
The other theory is this. Man had, by ac-
cumulated guilt, merited the divine displea-
sure, and incurred the inevitable retribution
which must follow on the steps of unrepented
sin. But God, who can hate nothing that he
has made, looked with ineffable pity on the
self-degraded and sin-ruined race. He saw in
the manifestation of his own eternal love the
only force which could overcome the power
of sin ; which could call forth sincere contri-
tion, and the will and endeavor to return to
duty. He therefore sends from his throne
one who shall assume the form, bow to the
trials, and bear the sufferings, of his alienated
and guilty children ; and, while mingling with
them in the profoundest compassion and love,
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 35
shall manifest only the fulness and tenderness
of the divine pity. He appoints for this Mes-
senger from heaven death under circum-
stances of ignominy and bitter agony, because
thus only can love manifest its sincerity and
intenseness ; and, in this dying love, he pours
out the rich fountain of his own paternal
mercy. It is his own sacrifice ; and, in the
pleadings with ungrateful man which go forth
from that cross, it is the Father's voice we
hear ; it is the Father that is incarnated in
that holy Sufferer. Every look and accent of
the Saviour's love is a reflection of the always
reconciled countenance, an utterance of the
always tender words and gracious promises,
of Him who fills the throne of the universe.
In this view, Christ and the Father are one.
They are not opposing parties, but consenting
wills and counsels, in the work of redemption.
Do you ask, however, " Was it not essential
that God should, in some way, or by the pun-
ishment of some victim, manifest his hatred
of sin ? " I answer, that hatred of sin is not
36 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
displayed by the punishment of the innocent.
Such a procedure would, on the contrary,
evince an utter indifference to those moral
distinctions which have their eternal seat in
the divine attributes. God manifests his ha-
tred of sin in that uniform and inevitable
retribution which follows sin so long as it
lasts, and which ceases only when its cause
is removed. Nevertheless, the cross, among
its many offices, does manifest, as it is mani-
fested in no other way, the intrinsic loath-
someness of sin, — of all sin ; for it was pre-
cisely such sins as we are all most liable to
which crucified the only sinless Being that
ever trod the earth, and consummated that
outrage from which the very heavens with-
drew their light. Yes, in that cross, in which
we look upon the fulness of the divine love, we
equally behold the intensest manifestation of
human depravity : and its searching, wither-
ing rebuke rests on you and me for the sins
we have cherished ; for the motions of sins in
our hearts ; for the least seeds of those pas-
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 37
sions which culminated in the death of him
who came to dethrone and destroy them.
There is yet another aspect in which I wish
to present the sentiment of our text, " I and
my Father are one." While I consider our
Saviour as at the head of God's spiritual
family, and render to him honor, adoration,
and praise, limited only by the homage due
to his Father and ours, I cannot set aside or
explain away his words, " The Father is
greater than I ; " nor can I regard as self-
derived that which he in solemn prayer terms
" the glory which Thou hast given me ; " nor
can I suppose that he is praying to himself
when he prays to God. But then comes the
question, " Can you rely on a created being ?
Can you trust in less than an almighty Sa-
viour ? " I reply unhesitatingly, No. My soul
can rejoice only in the Lord ; my spirit can be
glad only in God my Saviour. I can lean on
nothing less than Omnipotent Love. But let
us try the issue here involved. In a transac-
tion between man and man, an agent comes
4
38 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
to you with authentic credentials, with a
power of attorney from a person with whom
you have important business. You do not
trust that agent in his own character, but
only as the representative of his employer.
His signature is to all intents, and for all
uses, his employer's signature. His contract
with you, you can maintain as against his
employer ; and all the authority of the State
is with you to enforce your claim. The power
of attorney makes the agent and his principal
one : they are one in the eye of the law, and
by every rule of justice and equity. An am-
bassador comes from France or England with
full power to negotiate a treaty with our
government. The terms of the treaty are
agreed upon with the cabinet at Washington,
and ratified by the Senate. It is regarded as
a treaty, not with the plenipotentiary, but
with his queen or his emperor, — with the go-
vernment that gave him his credentials. He
and the government he represents are one,
and are held as one by the law of nations and
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 39
the universal sentiment of mankind. Thus,
when Christ comes, and shows in his miracu-
lous birth, in his divine character and works,
in his resurrection and ascension, credentials
from God which cannot be forged, he and his
Father are thenceforth one. His words are
God's words; his law, God's law; his pro-
mises, God's promises. He represents the
Almighty. If he comes from God, God comes
to us in his person. He, whom mortal eye
else has not seen, is made visible in this his
fully accredited agent. Our trust for pardon
and salvation is not reposed in a created
being, — not even in " the First-born of every
creature ; " but in Him who is from eternity
to eternity. "The most high God is our
refuge; and underneath are the everlasting
arms."
Here, then, with all their differences, Chris-
tian believers are virtually agreed. All alike
depend on an almighty Saviour. Through
Jesus we go to God; and God draws nigh
to us, and reveals himself to our familiar know-
40 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
ledge and intimate communion. The whole
worth of Christ's mission depends on the one-
ness ascribed in our text to the Father and the
Son, — their oneness of will and purpose, love
and mercy. It is this oneness which renders
the contemplation of our Saviour's character so
intensely interesting. In learning what he is,
we enter into the mind and heart of God. In
comprehending more and more of his love, we
learn how tender and faithful is the affection
cherished for us by Him who gave and who
sustains our being. In imitating Jesus, we
become followers of God.
I close with a thought suggested by our text,
in the connection in which it stands. This one-
ness of the Son with the Father is urged solely
by way of encouragement, at the close of one of
the kindest and most encouraging of all our
Saviour's discourses. The idea is, " We are
one in our desire and endeavor to bring and
keep together the flock of the redemption-fold ;
we are united in the most assiduous and loving
pastorate for all who will place themselves un-
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 41
dcr our charge." Now, it seems to me that the
opposite feeling to this is prevalent in some
quarters, — a feeling which not unfrequently dis-
courages and disheartens those who have every
reason to take to themselves the promises and
hopes of the gospel. The feeling is as if the
door of the fold were jealously guarded, — as
if some harsh and severe porter stood there to
challenge those who desire to enter, — as if
there were a stern and censorious inquisition
through which alone one can pass in. Many
remain without because they cannot hope to
enter through such an ordeal ; while many
more, who have really crossed the threshold,
are so much agitated by doubt and fear, that
they know not whether they are within or with-
out. Now, the whole tone of our Saviour's
discourses is that of free invitation, full recep-
tion, cordial welcome, wherever desire and pur-
pose, love and endeavor, are directed toward
duty, God, and heaven. Though the door is
not wide enough to admit willing guilt or cold
indifference, yet it seems to me so wide, and so
42 CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE.
wide-open always, that one may almost enter
without knowing it. There are, I think, many
Christians who dare not call themselves so ;
and the very solicitude which many feel lest
they may have been presumptuous in taking
upon themselves the Saviour's name, is a soli-
citude that could hardly be cherished where
there was good reason for it. " To this man
will I look, saith the Lord, — to him that is poor
and of a contrite spirit, and trembleth at my
word."
Should not we, who have our place within
the visible fold of Christ, be, in this regard, one
with our Father and our Saviour ? I would
not bate one jot from the elevated standard of
character and conduct which we should propose
for ourselves, and urge more by example than
by precept upon others. Our lives ought to
honor our profession, and to attest the sin-
cerity of our faith. But we should be as genial
and cordial in our welcome of others to the
fold as we are strict in our own self-discipline.
Wherever there are Christian desires and pur-
CHRIST AND THE FATHER ONE. 43
poses, a face and steps manifestly turned Christ-
ward, a looking and striving for the things that
are holy and divine, there should we be prompt
and warm in our proffers of fellowship, feeling
that the work of grace is there begun, and may
be cherished and consummated, though not
without divine aid, yet more surely and effect-
ually by human sympathy and helpfulness.
While the Spirit of God, and the Bride, which
is the Church of Christ, say, " Come," let those
who for themselves have accepted the invita-
tion say, " Come." Let them echo and pro-
long the loving call, and, in the name of the
great Master of the household, extend its hos-
pitality wherever they can find a willing and
thankful guest. " Let whosoever will, come,
and take of the waters of life freely."
III.
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
Preached Jan. 30, 1859.
1 Kings viii. 57 : " The Lord our God be with us, as he
was with our fathers."
|~T was my intention to give you, on the
twenty-fifth anniversary of my ordina-
tion, a sketch of the history of the South
Parish ; but it seemed best to postpone this
till we should be re-assembled in our usual
place of worship. I propose to make our
parochial history the subject of my sermons
this and the next Sunday afternoon. I shall
pass rapidly over the ecclesiastical affairs of
the town, till the period when the South
Church first had its separate existence.
The earliest settlement within the present
limits of Portsmouth was made in 1623 ; the
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 45
first church was gathered, and the first mini-
ster settled, in 1671. From this delay, too
unfavorable inferences might easily be drawn
as to the religious character of our fathers.
There is, indeed, no doubt that, while in the
colonization of Massachusetts religious motives
were foremost, the planters on the Piscataqua
established themselves here chiefly for pur-
poses connected with commerce and the fisher-
ies. Yet that higher cares and interests were
not neglected, we may learn from the fact, that,
as early as 1640, a grant of fifty acres of land —
three-fourths of it at the head of the Creek, the
remainder in this now compact part of the city
— was made for the support of the gospel mini-
stry. The terms of that grant imply that there
were already standing, on the glebe-land, a cha-
pel and parsonage, erected, it may be, several
years earlier. But most of the settlers were
attached to the church of England, whose per-
manent ministrations it was difficult to procure,
and still more difficult to defend against the hos-
tile and intrusive jurisdiction of the Massachu-
46 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
setts Bay Colony. The chapel and parsonage
occupied a site on what is now Pleasant Street,
abutting, on the north, upon the present site of
the Universalist Church. The twelve and a
half acres of glebe-land extended from that
spot to the present front line of the North
Church, and were bounded by lines of the same
length running westward. Richard Gibson, an
Episcopalian, is the first clergyman known to
have officiated here ; and his ministry was ar-
rested by a summons before the General Court,
at Boston, for some alleged offence against
the government of Massachusetts. After his
departure, various clergymen, probably both
Episcopal and Puritan, were transiently em-
ployed.
The chapel was perhaps found too small for
the increasing population ; and, at the same
time, was in the outermost suburbs of the town,
which was built principally on the bank of the
river, and extended, in a southerly direction,
from what is now the foot of Court Street.
Accordingly, in 1G58, a new meeting-house was
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 47
erected on the hill below the South Mill Bridge,
at the present junction of Water and South
Streets. This was a substantial building of
sixty feet by thirty, with galleries, a low belfry
and a bell, the windows with diamond panes
set in lead. It originally had no pews ; the
men and women being seated on opposite sides
of the main floor, according to their respective
claims to precedence, and the boys and girls
occupying places in opposite galleries. Pews
were subsequently built, in various parts of the
edifice, by individual worshippers. A cage, a
pillory and stocks, in the early New-England
fashion, brought the terrors of the law into
close proximity to the milder ministrations of
the gospel.
Rev. Joshua Moody commenced preaching
here about the time of the completion of this
meeting-house ; and, in 1671, was ordained over
a church of nine members then organized. In
1684, the persecution and determined hostility
of Cranfield, the royal governor, compelled him
to leave the Province : and he officiated for
48 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
several years as assistant minister of the First
Church in Boston ; making, however, frequent
visits to his flock here, aiding them by his
counsel, and observing, by special exercises of
devotion in their behalf, all their stated sea-
sons of fasting and prayer. In 1693, he re-
turned to Portsmouth, and remained in the
assiduous exercise of his pastorate till 1697 ;
when he died at Boston, whither he had gone
for medical advice. He was an eminently ju-
dicious, devout, and faithful minister ; and left
his church united and prosperous, one hundred
and sixty members having been added during
his term of service. He was succeeded by
Rev. Nathaniel Rogers, son of the President of
Harvard College ; a man of high reputation for
learning, piety, and usefulness. It is during
his term of office that our separate history
commences.
Population had gradually extended back
from the river, and northwardly from the Mill
Dam ; till, early in the last century, there had
sprung up a rivalry and collision of interests
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 49
between the old part of the town and the new.
At the south end lived, for the most part, the
descendants of the original settlers, among
whom were the stoutest workers, the most
active citizens, and, as was natural, the most
resolute conservatives. The northern portion of
the town was much more thinly peopled, and
was inhabited, in part, by government officials
of considerable income and influence ; in part
by new-comers, who had built more ample
mansions, and laid out grounds on a larger
scale than they could easily have found room
for in the somewhat crowded village about the
Mill Dam. As I understand the condition of
things, within the more compact portion of the
town, numerical strength was on the side of
the southern, the preponderance of wealth and
personal influence on that of the northern, fac-
tion. The latter supplied the deficiency in
numbers by securing the co-operation of the
inhabitants of what is now Greenland ; promis-
ing them, in return, aid in obtaining speedy
incorporation as a separate town. The meet-
50 HISTORY OP THE SOUTH PARISH.
ing-house near the Mill Dam was the property
of the town as a municipal body ; and the funds
for the support of the ministry were assessed
and collected as a part of the tax for municipal
purposes, there being as yet no legal distinction
between the town and the parish. The meet-
ing-house needed extensive repairs, in order to
its continued occupancy ; and, in 1712, a vote
was passed for the erection of a new house of
worship on the north-east corner of the glebe-
land, — the same building which was recently
removed to make room for the present North
Church. Jan. 7, 1713, the church passed a
vote, directing Mr. Kogers to preach at the
new meeting-house on and after the third Sun-
day from that date. I am inclined to think
that this order was complied with, and that, for
several months, the inhabitants all met for wor-
ship in the new edifice.
Meanwhile deep dissatisfaction was brooding
at the south end ; and the party that felt itself
aggrieved found a resolute leader in John Pick-
ering, second of the name. He was, we have
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 51
reason to believe, a man of no common ability,
and of wonderfully versatile powers and accom-
plishments. He owned and managed the south
mill. He was a licensed innholder. He com-
manded a military company. He was a car-
penter ; and constructed, by contract with the
town, the apparatus for the punishment of evil-
doers, which stood hard by the meeting-house.
He was a lawyer, and appeared as counsel
before the Supreme Court, in a case involving
the titles to a large portion of the real estate of
his fellow-citizens. He was a member of the
Assembly for twelve years, and Speaker of that
body for nine. He evidently was, and de-
served to be, a popular man ; and, though he
undoubtedly carried into ecclesiastical affairs a
temper ill befitting such high and sacred con-
cerns, there is equally little doubt that he
acted in behalf of what he believed to be the
right and interest of his friends and neighbors.
Sept. 9, 1713, a town-meeting was held, of
which he was chosen moderator. The meeting
became tumultuous ; and the justices present
52 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
declared it dissolved, and forbade all farther
proceedings. Notwithstanding this, Picker-
ing put, and his party carried, several votes,
of which he kept the minutes, and entered
them on the town-record, the town-clerk re-
fusing to act : the purport of these votes being,
that the old meeting-house is, and shall for ever
be, the town meeting-house, to be replaced,
when no longer tenan table, by another on the
same spot ; and that the glebe-land shall be for
the use and benefit of the minister who shall
officiate at the old meeting-house. A commit-
tee was then appointed to confer with Mr.
Rogers, to ascertain whether he would comply
with the tenor of these votes ; and, in case of
his refusal, to procure a minister to officiate in
the old meeting-house. Mr. Rogers, as was
probably anticipated, declined complying with
this requisition ; and Rev. John Emerson was
invited by the committee to settle over the
portion of the inhabitants represented by them.
In June of the next year, at a general town-
meeting, a committee was chosen to call and
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 53
settle an orthodox and learned minister at the
south end ; and it was voted to pay his salary
of £100, and to provide for him a house at the
charge of the town. This committee ratified
the measures taken for the settlement of Mr.
Emerson : hut the authorities of the town re-
fused to comply with the above-named vote ;
and, after several unsuccessful attempts to pro-
cure by legal measures the stipulated payment,
the South Parish was left to its own resources
for the support of its minister. In March,
1715, Mr. Emerson was installed ; Rev. Chris-
topher Toppan, of Hampton, giving him the
Charge ; and Rev. Caleb dishing, of Salisbury,
Mass., and Rev. Theophilus Cotton, assist-
ing in the services. The tradition is, that a
majority of the church adhered to Mr. Emer-
son ; but this was certainly not the case with
a majority of the legal voters in church-affairs.
Mr. Emerson was the son of Rev. John Em-
erson, of Gloucester, Mass. He was born at
Ipswich, Mass., in 1670 ; was graduated at
Harvard University at the age of nineteen ; was
5
54 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
first settled at Manchester, Mass. ; and was pas-
tor of the church in Newcastle from 1703 to
1712. In 1708, he visited England ; was pre-
sented to Queen Anne, and was received by
her with distinguished favor. His portrait,
which many of us have seen, represents unusu-
ally attractive and commanding features, and
a winning expression of countenance ; and he
is reported to have been a man of engaging
manners and conversation, and an eloquent and
interesting preacher. That he was earnest
and faithful in his ministerial office, is evinced
by the large accessions to the church during
his pastorate. In 1727 occurred what was
long called " the great earthquake," which
spread terror throughout New England, and was
the means of a general religious awakening.
In the course of the following year, forty persons
were added to Mr. Emerson's church ; and he
was so profoundly impressed by the event which
had led to this increased seriousness in his
flock, that he commemorated its anniversary
by solemn religious services, for the residue of
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 55
his ministry. In 1731, the present Old South
Meeting-house was built on a site bequeathed
to the parish by the John Pickering who had
been so largely instrumental in its separate or-
ganization. A portion of the disused meeting-
house was removed to the site now occupied by
Congress Block, where it stood, retaining some
of the original windows, till it was taken down
to make room for the present edifice. Another
portion formed a part of the Old South School-
house, a segment of which was removed to
Cabot Street, and converted into a dwelling-
house. Mr. Emerson offered a prayer, after the
raising of the new meeting-house, on a staging
fixed in the frame ; and it was his last public
service. He died in January, 1732.
His successor at Newcastle, Rev. William
Shurtleff, was also his successor here. Mr.
Shurtleff was born at Plymouth, Mass., in 1689 ;
was graduated at Harvard College at the age
of eighteen ; and was ordained at Newcastle in
1712. His wife was the sister of Hon. Theo-
dore Atkinson. The tradition is, that she mini-
56 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
stered largely to the development of Christian
forbearance, meekness, and patience, in her
husband, and that her connection with him was
the severest trial of his life. She survived him
for many years ; and one of my aged parishion-
ers, who died a few years after my settlement,
distinctly remembered her. I have in my pos-
session a piece of plate bequeathed by her for the
use of the minister of the South Parish for the
time being. She also bequeathed in the same
terms a portrait of her husband ; which was un-
fortunately suffered to pass into the hands of
an antiquary, from whom I have in vain en-
deavored to reclaim it.
Mr. Shurtleff was a man of good abilities,
fervent piety, and glowing zeal. He was warmly
engaged in the great revival of religion which
commenced, under the preaching of Whitefield,
in 1740. Whitefield and Gilbert Tennent visit-
ed this town, and preached to immense multi-
tudes. At least on one occasion, perhaps oft-
ener, Whitefield, on entering the pulpit of the
South Meeting-house, found a much larger as-
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 57
sembly outside than the closely packed congre-
gation within the walls ; and, by his direction,
the pulpit window was removed, and he, stand-
ing on the window-sill, preached to the crowds
that filled the seats and aisles, covered the hill,
and thronged the adjacent streets, yards, en-
tries, and windows. In the " Christian History,''
a periodical printed weekly in Boston in 1743
and 1744, there are two letters from Mr. Shurt-
leff giving an account of the revival here.
With some procedures that certainly savored of
wild fanaticism, he describes much that indi-
cates a piire and precious spiritual influence, a
felt power of divine realities, the awakening of
professing Christians to unwonted religious
vitality, and the conversion of many that had
been opposers and scoffers. On a candid review
of the history of that period, we cannot but be-
lieve, that though Whitefield was blameworthy,
and so subsequently confessed himself, for bit-
ter censoriousness in his treatment of the set-
tled clergy, and though his itinerancy led to ex-
cesses and extravagances which breathed more
58 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
of animal passion than of Christian piety, he
yet found in the New-England churches a cold-
ness and declension, which, by his instrumen-
tality, gave place to an earnest, active, and per-
sistent interest in divine things ; and while the
still small voice, if it be from God, is to be
preferred to more vehement outpourings of
religious zeal, far better is the fire or the
whirlwind than the apathy of spiritual death.
Mr. Shurtleff published several sermons, two
of which I have seen. These, and his contri-
butions to the " Christian History,'' would lead
me to place a high estimate on his ability as
a writer, as well as on his faithfulness and
efficiency as a preacher. During his ministry,
harmony was restored between the North and
the South Church ; and, from that time till
1819, their pastors were in the habit of fre-
quent interchange and union in the services of
religion. He died in 1747 ; and his remains
were deposited, as were those of his successor,
under the communion-table of the South
Meeting-house.
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 59
The pulpit remaining vacant, in 1749 the
parish sent two of their number to Northamp-
ton, Mass., to invite Mr. Job Strong to visit
Portsmouth, with a view to his settlement. Mr.
Strong was born at Northampton in 1724, and
graduated at Yale College in 1747. On leav-
ing college, he was recommended to the Com-
missioners of the English Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel, by David Brainerd,
their eminent and devoted missionary, then
approaching the close of life, as a suitable per-
son to be employed as a missionary to the In-
dians of the Six Nations. Mr. Strong received
the appointment, and spent several months at
Bethel, N.J., with John Brainerd, the brother
and successor of David, who presided over a
settlement and church of converted Indians.
A letter from him to his parents, written from
Bethel, is preserved in the last London edition
of the Works of Jonathan Edwards. It is cre-
ditable equally to his head and his heart ; show-
ing nice discrimination in his judgment of what
had and what had not been done among the
60 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
Bethel Indians, a kind and sympathizing appre-
ciation of all that was hopeful in their state,
and an earnest devotion to the work before him.
At the same time, the letter is free from cant
and extravagance in language ; is singularly
calm ; marks a maturity of intellect beyond
his years ; and evinces that he had entered his
Master's vineyard, not with the hot zeal of a
novice, but with the deliberate purpose of one
who had counted the cost, and made his life-
long choice of the service. From Bethel he
started for his destined post in Central New
York ; but on reaching Schoharie, then a fron-
tier settlement in the wilderness, he was ar-
rested by illness, and obliged to return. It
was while he was seeking to re-establish his
health at his native home, that Matthew Liver-
more and Henry Sherburne visited him in be-
half of this parish. Mr. Edwards, his pastor
and spiritual father, consented that he should
go to Portsmouth, only on the pledge of these
gentlemen that they would not use their influ-
ence toward his settlement here. They kept
HISTORY OP THE SOUTH PARISH. 61
their word ; but the parish was not pledged,
and very soon gave him a call to become their
pastor. He returned a negative answer, and
took measures toward resuming his suspended
missionary enterprise ; but his health was so
far impaired, that he was pronounced inade-
quate to a charge involving the utmost expo-
sure and fatigue. The call from Portsmouth
was then renewed and accepted.
He was ordained on the 28th of June, 1749.
The ordination sermon was preached by his
pastor, Jonathan Edwards, so justly regarded
as the greatest mind of his century in theology
and metaphysics. I have the sermon. It is a
faithful and earnest exhibition of Jesus Christ
as the example for his ministers, on the text,
" For I have given you an example, that ye
should do as I have done to you. Yerily,
verily, I say unto you, The servant is not
greater than his lord, neither he that is sent
greater than he that sent him." A curious
anecdote with reference to this service is re-
lated, in the Memoir of Edwards, by his grand-
62 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
son. A daughter of Mr. Edwards (afterwards
Mrs. Dwight, mother of President Dwight),
then fifteen years of age, had preceded her
father on a visit to a friend of the family in
Portsmouth. On the morning of the ordina-
tion, Mr. Edwards not having arrived, Father
Moody, of York, Me., whose eccentricities have
left their enduring remembrance, agreed to
preach in case of the failure of the expected
preacher. The council delayed as long as pos-
sible, and then repaired to the meeting-house.
Mr. Moody rose to offer the prayer before ser-
mon. In this he besought the Lord that the
congregation might be suitably humbled under
the frown of his providence, in not being per-
mitted to hear the discourse anticipated from
his eminent servant, — Rev. Mr. Edwards, of
Northampton ; and proceeded to thank God
for such a burning and shining light, for his
uncommon piety, his great excellence and re-
markable success as a preacher, and his talents
and wisdom as a writer. He then went on to
implore the divine blessing on the daughter of
HISTORY OP THE SOUTH PARISH. 63
Mr. Edwards there present, who, though a very
worthy and amiable young lady, was still, there
was reason to fear, in an unconverted state ;
praying that God would not suffer her peculiar
privileges to be the means of her more aggra-
vated condemnation. Just as this remarkable
prayer was commenced, Mr. Edwards had rid-
den on horseback to the door of the meeting-
house, noiselessly entered the pulpit, and taken
his place behind Mr. Moody. When the prayer
was closed, Mr. Moody saw Mr. Edwards, gave
him his hand, and said to him, in the hearing
of the congregation, " Brother Edwards, we
are all of us much rejoiced to see you here
to-day ; and nobody, probably, as much so as
myself: but I wish that you might have got in
a little sooner, or a little later ; or else that I
might have heard you when you came in, and
known that you were here. I didn't intend to
flatter you to your face : but there's one thing
I'll tell you ; they say " — alluding to the
profoundness of his metaphysical subtilty in
things pertaining to salvation — " that your
64 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
wife is going to heaven by a shorter road than
yourself."
Mr. Strong entered with earnestness and vigor
upon his labors ; but his ministry lasted little
more than two years. One Saturday in Sep-
tember, 1751, his only child, an infant of but
a few days, was buried. On the next morning
he preached from the text, " Though I walk
through the valley of the shadow of death, I
will fear no evil." He went home but to pre-
pare for that fearless passage. Before the
hour of afternoon service, he was seized with
severe illness ; and died in the course of the
next day, leaving long regret and a blessed
memory.
I have now brought my narrative down to a
ministry whose beginnings were fresh in the
remembrance of a few of my older parishioners
when I was first settled, and whose latter years
are within the recollection of the older portion
of my present hearers. Next Sunday after-
noon, I hope to resume and complete my sketch
of our parochial history.
IY.
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
(CONTINUED.)
Preached Feb. 6, 1859.
1 Kings via. 57 : " The Lord our God be with us as he
WAS WITH OUR FATHERS."
AST Sunday afternoon, I brought down the
history of our parish to the close of Mr.
Strong's brief pastorate. His successor was
Rev. Samuel Haven. He was born at Framing-
ham, Mass., in 1727 ; was graduated at Harvard
University in 1749 ; studied theology with Rev.
Mr. Parkman, of Westborough, Mass. ; received
and declined invitations to settle in Brookfield,
Med way, Braintree, and Brookline, Mass. ; ac-
cepted a unanimous invitation here, and was
ordained in May, 1752 ; Rev. Jeremiah Wise,
6Q HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
of Berwick, Me., preaching the sermon. When
a boy of thirteen, he had been greatly impressed
by Whitefield's preaching ; and had, from that
time, resolved to consecrate himself to the
ministry of the gospel. He possessed a large
portion of the best endowments for his work,
and was for many years one of the most popu-
lar preachers of his time ; a fact evinced by
the frequency with which he was called upon
to officiate on important public occasions. In
early life, his delivery was unusually fervent
and impassioned. Until a comparatively re-
cent period, it was customary here, at funerals,
to have an address delivered at the grave : and
there are extant numerous testimonials to Dr.
Haven's extraordinary pathos and eloquence in
that class of services ; in which, said Dr. Buck-
minster, " for variety, copiousness, tenderness,
and pertinency of address, he was rarely
equalled, never exceeded. " His numerous
published sermons display clearness of method,
simplicity and directness of style, and a free-
dom — rare in the last century — from the
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 67
metaphysics and technicalities of doctrinal theo-
In his opinions, I suppose thai he should
be classed with the Arminian or more liberal
portion of the New-England clergy ; who were
also called moderate Calvinists, though they
were as remote from Calvinism as are the more
liberal of the so-called Orthodox divines of the
present day. His loving heart led him to
speculate with Chauncy on the final restora-
tion of the impenitent to the divine favor.
But this doctrine he did not regard as a re-
vealed truth ; and was, therefore, unwilling to
preach it. The only form in which he pro-
mulgated it was in a poem devoted to its
development, with the following note prefixed :
" The author means only modestly to hint the
sentiments contained in this ode to the public
mind for their consideration."
This poem appears in a pamphlet of twenty-
three pages, entitled " Poetic Miscellanies,"
published when Dr. Haven had passed his
seventy-first year. The pieces are nearly all
68 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
devotional ; and display, not indeed a poetic
ability which would have given the author
extended fame, but a warm and vivid fancy,
an easy command of various measures, a
quick ear for rhythm and euphony, and a high-
ly cultivated taste. One of them is an im-
promptu epigram, which passed from paper
to paper and from mouth to mouth, as the
best thing ever said, in brief, about Washing-
ton. The question was asked, among a circle
of gentlemen who were making arrangements
for the reception of the first President, what
was the appropriate title by which he should
be addressed. Dr. Haven gave instant utter-
ance to the following stanza : —
" Fame spread her wings, and with her trumpet blew, —
' Great Washington is near ! What praise his due ?
What title shall he have ? ' She paused, and said,
' Not one : his name alone strikes every title dead.' "
Dr. Haven was singularly assiduous and
faithful as a pastor. At a period when the
intercourse of most clergymen with their peo-
ple was distant, reserved, and formal, he cul-
HISTORY OP THE SOUTH PARISH. 69
tivated the most intimate relations with all his
parishioners, and with none more intimate
than with the children of his flock. He had
pursued the study of medicine to a consider-
able extent ; and, without interfering with
the regular faculty, he was wont to prescribe
gratuitously for those too poor to employ a
physician. From an income never ample, and
with a very large family, he found the means
for extensive almsgiving. During the war of
the Revolution, when his salary was in arrears,
and his resources were scanted in every way,
he shared his little with those who had nothing.
At one time, there were no fewer than forty
widows in his parish ; most of them in desti-
tute circumstances. There were living, in the
earlier part of my ministry, a considerable
number of these pensioners on his kindness ;
and I never visited them, without their speak-
ing to me of his sympathy, gifts, and efficient
services, in the stress of their need. His name
was on their lips in the very agony of death.
Some of them have told me, that, in the
6
70 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
absence of the public and private charities
now so liberally dispensed, his care and gene-
rosity were all that stood between them and
utter despair.
For forty-seven years he preached constant-
ly, and performed all the duties of his parish :
but, for the last three years of that period, he
had been sinking under the infirmities of age ;
and, in 1799, a colleague was settled with
him, who remained here six years, leaving
him again sole pastor for the last year of his
life. Shortly after the settlement of his col-
league, he preached and published a sermon
on the occasion ; which is, I think, the best
of all his printed sermons ; and, though it
breathes the tender solemnity of one just
resigning his charge, betrays no failure in
mental vigor, or in clearness and precision of
thought. For two or three years longer, he
occasionally preached ; and several times,
when, too feeble to ascend the pulpit-stairs,
he was obliged to conduct the service in the
deacons' seat below. He commonly presided
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 71
at the communion-service till the autumn of
1804 ; and, when I first came hither, there
were many living who remembered his im-
pressive farewell of the altar at which, for
fifty-two years, he had broken the bread of
life. For a year and a half before his death,
he was in a state of entire mental imbecility,
and of great bodily suffering. He died in
March, 1806. His wife — who had attended
him constantly during his decline, and seemed
in her usual health at the time of his decease
— survived him but thirty-six hours ; and
their bodies were laid together in his family
tomb, under the pulpit of the Old South
Meeting-house ; Rev. Dr. Buckminster preach-
ing the funeral sermon, on the text, " A son
of consolation."
The early part of his ministry was emi-
nently prosperous ; but, a large portion of his
parishioners being in mercantile and mari-
time professions, the distresses attending the
Revolutionary war were felt among them with
peculiar severity. When the depression re-
72 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
suiting from this cause was relieved, his
strength was rapidly on the wane ; and the
popular talents which distinguished him for
many years had given place to a diminished
energy and eloquence of style and manner.
At the same time, Dr. Buckminster, in the
North Church, was nearing the meridian of
his merited fame ; and bore a reputation for
his pulpit services, which, I think, has never
been surpassed, if equalled, by any clergyman
in New Hampshire. In the early years of the
present century also, Elias Smith, the founder
of the Christian denomination, commenced
preaching in this town ; and, by his rude but
commanding and attractive powers, drew into
his newly gathered flock large numbers from
both of the Congregational societies. The
natural consequence of these causes was a
marked decline of the South Parish in num-
bers and ability ; a decline which would have
been much more disastrous, and less easily
retrieved, had not several of Dr. Haven's own
children — of whom twelve attended his fu-
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 73
neral — already assumed prominent places as
citizens, and devoted their substance, services,
and influence, with generous zeal, to the in-
terests of the religious organization endeared
to them by the bonds and associations of filial
piety.
I spoke of the settlement of a colleague with
Dr. Haven. This colleague was Rev. Timothy
Alden, a lineal descendant of the John Alden
who came to Plymouth in the " Mayflower."
He was the son of Rev. Timothy Alden, of
Yarmouth, Mass. ; was born in 1771, and
graduated at Harvard College in 1794. He
was distinguished in college, and subsequent-
ly as an Oriental scholar ; and delivered,
on taking his degree, a Syriac oration, —
probably the only one ever uttered on this
side of the Atlantic. He was so well versed
in the Hebrew, that he translated into that
language the " Assembly's Shorter Cate-
chism ; " adding, I suppose, very little to
its obscurity. He was ordained here in 1799 ;
Rev. Dr. Holmes, of Cambridge, preaching
74 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
the sermon. He was a man of fervent piety,
active benevolence, and no mean order of pro-
fessional ability. He was an assiduous pastor,
and manifested especial solicitude for the good
of the children under his charge. He esta-
blished what might seem an anticipation of
the Sunday school ; gathering the young per-
sons of the parish at stated seasons for the
recitation of scriptural lessons, and giving
printed certificates to those who reached a
specified standard. The whole number that
attended these exercises was one hundred and
thirty-five.
His ministry, while it had many elements
that promised success, was, nevertheless, a
failure. For this there were several reasons.
He was a strong Calvinist, and a large ma-
jority of his parishioners were opposed to him
in theological belief. His support was in-
adequate, and he was obliged to devote much
of his time to the duties of a school for young-
ladies. He lacked worldly wisdom, and in-
volved himself in several unfortunate secular
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 75
enterprises. He seems to have had no con-
tinuity of purpose ; and, while in labors more
abundant, he wasted much of his energy in
desultory plans and endeavors. Inability to
continue the payment of his salary was the
ostensible ground of his dismission ; but this
inability would not have existed, had he proved
himself in all respects adapted to his situation.
After his dismission, he continued his school
here for three years ; and was afterward en-
gaged in similar schools in Boston, and in
Newark, N.J. He subsequently laid the
foundations of Alleghany College, at Mead-
ville, Penn. ; and was inaugurated as titular
President of that institution in 1817. He
procured funds for the erection of a spacious
college building, collected for his infant semi-
nary an admirable library, and obtained for
it an excellent chemical apparatus. But his
own sons and nephews were almost the only
alumni of the college, of which he constituted
the entire Faculty; until, in 1831, the fran-
chise and property passed into the hands of
76 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
the Methodists, under whose auspices the in-
stitution has attained a high degree of pro-
sperity. He died at Pittsburg, Penn., in
1839.
After Dr. Haven's death, the pulpit was
supplied for two years by various clergymen.
In December, 1806, St. John's Church was
burned ; and, for most of the interval which
elapsed before the completion of their present
church, the Episcopal congregation occupied,
with ours, the Old South Meeting-house ; the
same minister not infrequently officiating for
both parishes, — reading the Liturgy one part
of the sabbath, and using the Congregational
forms for the other.
In September, 1808, Rev. Nathan Parker
was ordained pastor of this church. He was
born at Reading, Mass., in 1782; and gra-
duated at Harvard College in 1803. He
studied his profession with Rev. Dr. Bancroft,
of Worcester, Mass., who preached his ordina-
tion sermon.
To the many still surviving who knew Dr.
HIST0IU' OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 77
Parker, and in whose memory his image can
never lose its characteristic features, it would
be needless for me to do more than mention
his name. But I am already surrounded by
a generation that have seen only his portrait
and his monument. For them I would say,
that of manly, Christian, and ministerial ex-
cellences, so full and rich an impersonation is
seldom found, even among the best and the
most gifted. Devout without ostentation, keen-
ly discriminating as to character, direct and
frank in his intercourse, perseveringly kind,
courageous and resolute in difficult and pain-
ful duty, assiduous in all the charities of his
profession, foremost in every good work for
the community, a discreet counsellor, a friend
always to be depended on, — his countenance
and manner indicating at once the hardiest
and the most amiable traits of character, so
beautifully blended that you could not say
which predominated, — he assumed at once,
in the parish and in the town, a place and in-
fluence such as few have ever maintained
78 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
among us ; and, had he not confined himself
even too exclusively to his duties here, he
would have been universally recognized — as
he was by all who knew him — as second to no
minister of his time and denomination. His
fidelity and tenderness as a pastor ; his won-
derful power of insinuating needed counsel in
his peculiarly laconic style, so as to say all
that could be of avail, without the formality of
a professional adviser, and without room for
the most sensitive to take umbrage ; his loving
and efficient sympathy with the afflicted,
sick, and dying ; his singular capacity of
enlisting and organizing co-operation in his
plans of improvement and usefulness, — these
are among the unexhausted themes of admira-
tion among all who were conversant with his
ministry.
In his mien and manner as a preacher, there
was a simple dignity, an unstudied solemnity,
which impressed strangers with unwonted
reverence and seriousness, and which only
deepened that impression on those who were
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 79
his constant hearers. His sermons were full
of sound thought and calmly fervent feeling ;
seldom impassioned, never feeble. With little
rhetorical ornament, with no display of elo-
quence, his simplicity, chasteness, directness,
and force of diction, never failed to enchain
attention, to arouse earnest interest, and to
leave ample food for self-reflection and self-
chastening. In examining his manuscripts
after his death, with a view to publication,
I was astonished and perplexed in finding
hardly any sermons that either rose above or
fell below the average high order of excellence
in thought and style ; and a selection made
by one blindfolded would, perhaps, have fur-
nished as characteristic and worthy a me-
morial of his pulpit services as that which was
made with the utmost care and the most
diligent scrutiny.
At the time of Dr. Parker's settlement, the
parish was so feeble that its resuscitation
seemed, to many, a hopeless endeavor. From
that day, its growing prosperity was an as-
80 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
certained fact. Its increase in numbers was
constant and rapid, till checked for lack of
church-room. This increase, primarily due
to the eminent gifts and graces of the pastor,
was largely aided by occurrences connected
with the history of the North Parish. Dr.
Buckminster's popularity had retained in and
drawn into his flock very many who had no
sympathy with his Calvinistic creed. At his
death in 1812, at least half of his parish were
anti-Calvinistic. One of the ministers invited
to settle over them — invited by a bare ma-
jority on a strictly party vote — was a Uni-
tarian, whose settlement was vetoed by the
independent vote of the church. To the
council convened for the ordination of Rev.
Mr. Putnam in 1815, a protest against his
settlement was presented, with the signa-
tures of from sixty to eighty legal voters of
the parish. A large number of these, with
their families, soon joined the South Parish.
Dr. Parker and Mr. Putnam exchanged minis-
terial services till the return of Dr. Parker
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 81
from the ordination of Rev. Jared Sparks, at
Baltimore, in 1819. Dr. Channing's sermon
at that ordination was a singularly clear and
strong exhibition of Unitarian sentiments,
with which it was understood that the clergy-
men who participated in the service entirely
sympathized ; and it was made the occasion,
throughout New England, for the suspension
of such ministerial intercourse as had been
maintained — not very cordially — between
the clergymen of the two recognized parties
in the Congregational Church. At this time,
Mr. Putnam declined the accustomed inter-
change of services ; and most or all of the
Unitarians, who had till then remained under
his ministry, transferred their connection to
the South Parish.
In 1824, — the South Meeting-house afford-
ing restricted accommodations for the members
of the parish, and none for its prospective
increase, — the corner-stone of the church in
which we are assembled was laid. The edifice
was completed and dedicated in February, 1826.
82 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
A strong local attachment, with memories
too dear to be rudely sacrificed, held some
of the parishioners to the house where their
fathers had so long met for praise and prayer ;
and a respectable body of worshippers formed
a new society, and maintained separate services
there, with the countenance and aid of the ma-
jority who had taken possession of the new
church. Had that society been fortunate in
the choice of its minister, it might have re-
mained in being during Dr. Parker's lifetime ;
and, in the change of relations that would
naturally have ensued on his decease, would
probably have risen to a good degree of
strength and prosperity. I am inclined to think
that the religious elements of our community
would have easily adjusted themselves so as to
sustain two permanent and flourishing societies
of our faith ; yet not without weakening some
of the other parishes, in whose well-being we
have reason to rejoice. The society at the
South Meeting-house settled a good man, but
one whose services failed to command the
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 83
respect and interest of his hearers: and the
organization was disbanded in 1829 ; the mem-
bers, I believe, without a single exception,
rejoining the parish from which they had
amicably seceded.
For the last few years of Dr. Parker's life,
he suffered under an intensely painful and
incurable local disease ; which, for a part of
the time, incapacitated him for pulpit duty ;
though, until within a few weeks of his death,
he continued to perform most of his pastoral
labors. His patience and energy under the
depressing influence of incessant suffering,
his continued thoughtfulness and kind offices
for all within his sphere, and his meek sub-
mission to the divine will, made his days of
infirmity and decline eloquent in the cause to
which he had consecrated his health and
strength. It was believed that his life might
be indefinitely prolonged ; and some were so
sanguine as to hope, that, after a year's
respite, he might resume the full charge of
his flock. But it was found necessary to pro-
84 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
cure for him present relief; and I was invited
to be his colleague for one year, with the
understanding that I should retire at the end
of that period, if he should be able to dispense
with my services. My ordination was on the
24th of October, 1833. On the evening of
that day, Dr. Parker's case assumed, for the
first time, an aspect of immediate danger ;
and after lingering for a fortnight in the
full possession of his mental powers, and in
the exercise of all those Christian graces
which make the death-chamber seem the ante-
room of heaven, he passed to his rest and
reward.
Into the history of my own pastorate I can-
not enter. Such few external events as merit
a place on its record are too recent to need
recapitulation. On my part, the connection
has been one of sincere affection, and earnest
endeavor — though with the frequent conscious-
ness of inadequacy and failure — for your high-
est good ; on yours, of a kindness which merits,
and has, my warmest gratitude.
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 85
Did time permit, I should enter into the his-
tory of that most important of our subsidiary
institutions, — the Sunday School. This, how-
ever, I willingly omit ; not because I regard it
as of inferior moment to the details which
I have given you, but because the work has
been so ably and faithfully performed in seve-
ral printed reports by the former and present
Superintendents.
Among the other parochial institutions, I
ought to make emphatic mention of the Ladies'
Domestic Missionary Society, which has, for
forty years or more, pursued its quiet course of
usefulness ; furnishing annually a liberal sub-
scription to the funds of the Evangelical Mis-
sionary Society for the aid of feeble churches,
and an equal or larger sum for various pur-
poses of religious charity in our own commu-
nity.
For many years, the Society for Mutual Im-
provement was, for a considerable portion of
our body of worshippers, among the best means
of instruction and edification. The essays read
7
86 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
and the discussions held at its meetings devel-
oped a large amount of talent that might not
otherwise have found utterance. This associa-
tion declined in interest mainly because the
establishment of courses of popular lectures
threw such ability as was nurtured among our-
selves into undeserved neglect, and made many
unwilling to enter into what might seem to be
a competition with those who wrote professedly
and expressly for a larger public.
I have given you abridged biographies of
my predecessors in the ministry. I regret
that my limits preclude more than a cursory
mention of the eminently excellent and use-
ful men who have borne with the pastor a
large part of the charge and burden of the
sanctuary ; and of whom we can trace an un-
broken series, commencing with the early days
of our separate organization. Such, in the last
century, were Matthew Livermore, a man of
excelling gifts ; holding the most important
legal offices under the Crown ; and for fifty
years, and with four successive pastors, a de-
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 87
voted and zealous leader in the temporal affairs,
and helper in the religious growth and welfare,
of the parish ; — Henry Sherburne, a liberally
educated and munificent merchant ; whose
house was the wonted home of the clergy from
abroad ; whose time and ample wealth were
freely given to every work and cause of piety
and charity ; and whose example of singular
sanctity in life and character was all the more
conspicuous for his high social position ; — and
Samuel Hale, one of the most eminent scho-
lars in New England ; the intimate friend and
constant co-adjutor of Dr. Haven during his
entire ministry ; having become a resident of
Portsmouth a little while before Dr. Haven's
settlement, and following close upon his foot-
steps to the grave. The whole of Dr. Parker's
ministry was signally blessed in those who
shared and gladdened his labors. Not to speak
of the living, in whom we still rejoice ; nor yet
to mention the many among the departed,
whom I must recall were I to cite more than
two, — no pastor can have felt his hands up-
88 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
borne and his work seconded with a sounder
discretion, a more loving zeal, and a more
truly Christian energy, than were brought to
every portion of the altar-service by Nathaniel
A. Haven, jun., and John W. Foster, — names
as inseparable from the history of this church
as they are from the heart-history of the many
to whom they held the place of spiritual
fathers. In addition to, and often in connec-
tion with, services of this kind, we have reason
to remember not a few, whose liberal gifts have
been bestowed in times of special need, or in-
vested for current use in the administration of
our charities. Especially ought I to mention
the names of Haven and Sheafe, — families with-
out whose aid we probably should never have
seen this massive and costly house of worship ;
the former, a name still borne, and, I trust, long
to be borne, among us ; represented, too, in our
beautiful communion-service, and in a perma-
nent fund for the relief of our poor widows : the
latter connected through two donors, father
and son, with the greater part of the invested
HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH. 89
funds of the Sunday School ; and through the
generosity of the last of the name who was
with us, of a younger generation, with the
enlarged, remodelled, and refurnished interior
of our church.
But I have exceeded my due limits. Yet
there was much that I wished to add, —
thoughts of gratitude to God, motives to fide-
lity in our place and calling in his Church, —
which I must leave, for the most part, to your
own reflections.
We have a history on which we can look
back with unmingled satisfaction. No name
has come down to us, as connected with the
ministrations in our sanctuary, which we may
not be glad to own. During the entire period
of our corporate existence, our records have
been defaced by no public scandal ; by no quar-
rel, strife, or division ; by no stain upon the
moral or religious character of any office-bearer
in our church. Be it our Christian ambition
and glory to hand down to another century
records as pure as we have received. Above
90 HISTORY OF THE SOUTH PARISH.
all, let our names and our life-work be so
entered in the register which must wax old
and perish, that they shall be worthy of being-
transcribed into God's book of eternal remem-
brance.
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX.
It has been thought best to preserve, for future
reference, the following details, which could not be
incorporated into the body of the preceding Dis-
courses : —
MINISTERS.
John Emerson, installed March 23, 1715; died June 21, 1732.
William Shurtleff, installed Feb. 2, 1733 ; died May 9, 1747.
Job Strong, ordained June 28, 1749; died Sept. 30, 1751.
Samuel Haven, ordained May 6, 1752 ; died March 3, 1806.
Timothy Alden (colleague), ordained Nov. 20, 1799; dismissed
Aug. 12, 1805.
Nathan Parker, ordained Sept. 14, 1808; died Nov. 8, 1833.
Andrew Preston Peabody, ordained Oct. 24, 1833.
DEACONS. y
The following persons have officiated as deacons ;
viz., Richard Shortridge, James Sherburne, Mark
Langdon, Daniel Jackson, Isaac Williams, John
Marshall, John Noble, Nadab Moses, John Marshall
(son of the former of that name), Jonathan Locke,
94 APPENDIX.
Solomon Cotton, John W. Foster, Samuel Hale,
Samuel Lord, and James F. Shores, — the two last
named holding the office at the present time.
THE ORIGINAL CONFESSION AND COVENANT.
A Confession of Faith agreed to by the subscribers on the
occasion of their combining together in church order.
In general, we believe God's word, or the Holy
Scriptures, to be the adequate object and only
ground of our faith, — as the rule of faith and man-
ners; and, therefore, we believe in all things ac-
cording to them. More particularly such things as
these we believe : —
1. That God is, and that he is a re warder of those
who diligently seek him.
2. That this God, who is the living and true God,
is but one in essence or being, though threefold, in
substance or manner of being; viz., Father, Son,
and Spirit.
3. That this God hath made all things for him-
self, and does uphold them by the word of his
power, and govern them to their ends.
APPENDIX. 95
4. That he has formed man in particular for his
praise ; and did, at first, make him every way meet
and apt therefor, to serve actively thereto.
5. That he gave him a rule to walk by, that he
might obtain this end ; which rule is the moral law
contained in the Ten Commandments, and was at
first fairly written in his heart.
6. That this rule was given him also as a cove-
nant of works ; so that, upon his perfect observance
of it, he was to be happy for ever ; or, upon a failure
in any one point, he forfeited this happiness, and in-
curred the contrary, — misery.
7. That, upon the trial that was used with him,
— in particular, that of the forbidden fruit, — he
failed, fell, broke covenant with God, and rendered
himself obnoxious to the penalty of the law, the
curse of God, and the wages of sin.
8. That hence he became divested of God's ima^e,
unmeet for his service, prone only to sin, and a sub-
ject of misery.
9. That God had compassion on him in this fallen
and perishing state ; and, when unable to help him-
self, mercifully provided for his redemption there-
from in and through a Mediator.
10. That of this he made some, though a more
dark, discovery to our first parents; afterwards a
96 APPENDIX.
more clear one to Abraham, to Moses, and the Pro-
phets, during the Old-Testament dispensation.
11. That now he hath made a more clear one;
since, in the fulness of time, he hath sent forth his
Son, made of a woman, made under the law, to
redeem them that are under the law.
12. That in and through him, and as founded in
him (in whom are all the promises, yea and amen),
God hath graciously propounded a new covenant
unto men, commonly called the Covenant of Grace.
13. That, of this covenant, there was a twofold
dispensation ; viz., that of the Old and New Testa-
ment: on the account of which, this latter is, in
Scripture, sometimes called a new covenant.
14. That the terms of this covenant are the same
for substance under each ; viz., faith, and repentance,
or sincere obedience, — as the terms of the covenant
of works was perfect obedience.
15. That though impotent of ourselves to perform
the terms of this any more than the other, yet Christ
has become an undertaker for his, that all that the
Father hath given him shall come to him ; and
though he does not perform the terms of this cove-
nant for them as he has done of the first, yet he
enables them to perform them, working in them
to will and to do of his good pleasure.
APPENDIX. 97
16. That, by complying with the terms of this
covenant, we accept of the covenant itself, and of
Christ offered therein as our Mediator, our Priest,
Prophet, and King ; and are thereby entitled to his
benefits ; viz., the forgiveness of sins, the adoption
of children, salvation, and life eternal.
17. That there are two seals of this covenant, —
viz., Baptism and the Lord's Supper, — which they
have right to who take up with the terms of this
covenant.
18. That one of these is a beginning seal, — viz.,
Baptism, which declares us to be of the church of
Christ; that the other — viz., the Lord's Supper —
is a confirming seal, serving to stablish and strength-
en us, and to promote our growing up in faith and
love unto perfection : so that this latter is frequently
to be repeated ; it being the sacrament of feeding,
nourishment, continuance, and growth. But the
former must not be more than once; it being the
sacrament of our new birth and entrance.
19. That the church of Christ, which is the com-
pany of the called, is but one general assembly,
called the catholic church, either militant on earth
or triumphant in heaven.
20. That the militant part of it is yet divided into
manifold congregations or particular churches (as
98 APPENDIX.
so many companies under their captain), orderly
gathered and settled under such church-officers as
Christ has appointed for their greater convenience
of worshipping God, of opposing their soul-adversa-
ries, and promoting their own edification.
21. That these officers should be orderly called
and ordained to their office, according to the rule of
Christ ; and, accordingly, should be submitted to
and acknowledged in their place ; teaching the
doctrine of Christ, and exercising that government
and discipline which Christ has set up in his
church.
22. That as all believers are of the church catho-
lic, so they should be of particular churches ; and
that a profession of their faith, with a life agreeable,
does qualify them for acceptance as members in full
communion with a particular church.
23. That the end of church-communion is to pre-
pare and qualify for that which is to be enjoyed in
heaven above, after this life.
24. Finally, that there shall be a resurrection of
the just and unjust at the last day, and a general
and last judgment, whereby the righteous shall be
adjudged to life eternal, and shall receive the end of
their faith, even the salvation of their souls.
APPENDIX. 99
We whose names are hereunto affixed, appre-
hending ourselves ealled of God to combine together
in church order, confessing our utter unworthiness
of so great a spiritual privilege, as well as inability,
to keep covenant with the Holy One of Israel, or to
perform any duty which he requires, without the
aids of divine grace, —
We do this day, in the name and strength of
Christ Jesus, our glorious Lord, freely covenant and
bind ourselves, solemnly, in the presence of God
himself, his holy angels, and all his people here
present, to serve the God whose name alone is
Jehovah, — Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, — the
only true and living God ; cleaving to him as our
sovereign good and last end. And we acknowledge
the Lord Jesus Christ, who is God-man, and supreme
Head of the church, and Surety of the new covenant,
as our only Mediator and Saviour, Prophet, Priest,
and King, of our souls ; promising to submit unto
him in the way of gospel obedience. We do likewise
take God the Holy Ghost to be our Teacher, Sancti-
fier, and Comforter ; under whose gracious influence
we do more particularly oblige ourselves to perform
private and secret as well as public duties in a
perpetual course, and to attend the means of grace
and salvation.
100 APPENDIX.
Avouching the Lord to be our God, and the God
of our children (which we devote and dedicate unto
him, for ever to be his consecrated servants) ; esteem-
ing it as a distinguishing favor and high honor that
the Lord will accept of us, and our seed with us, to
be his people, —
We do also give ourselves one unto another in the
Lord, covenanting to walk together, as God's pecu-
liar people and a particular church of Christ are
obliged to do, in all the ways of his worship, accord-
ing to the holy rules of his word; promising, in
brotherly love and Christian charity, carefully to
watch over one another's souls, and to submit our-
selves to the discipline and power of Christ in his
church, and duly to attend the seals and censures,
or whatever ordinances Christ hath commanded to
be observed by his disciples, so far as the Lord, by
his Spirit, word, or providence, has or shall reveal
unto us to be our duty.
And, that we may faithfully keep our covenant
with God and each other, we desire wholly to deny
ourselves, and entirely to depend on the free grace
of God for assistance, and upon the merits of Jesus
Christ for acceptance, and, wherein we shall fail in
any part of our duty towards God or our fellow-
Christians, to wait on him for pardon through his
APPENDIX. 101
name ; beseeching the Lord to own us as a church
of Christ, and to delight to take up his gracious and
constant abode amon" us.
At what time the Covenant given above was
changed, it is impossible to determine. The form
that was adopted in its place does not appear on
the records of the church (which, for a portion
of the time, were very imperfectly kept) ; but it is
referred to in the following vote, passed March 5,
1809 : " The church having, during their vacancy,
lost their form of church-covenant, it was voted that
Deacon Marshall and N. A. Haven be united with
their pastor (Dr. Parker) as a committee to draught
a form, and present it to the church for acceptance."
The following form of covenant, reported by the
above-named committee, and adopted by the church,
March 21, 1809, was said to have been derived, in
part at least, from the remembered words of the lost
form : —
" Believing that there is one God, and one Media-
tor between God and man ; that the Scriptures of
the Old and New Testaments are the word of God,
and the only rule of faith and obedience ; that Jesus
Christ is the true Messiah, and Son of God ; and
8
102 APPENDIX.
that he has appointed two special ordinances, —
Baptism and the Lord's Supper, — which it is the
duty of all true Christians religiously to observe, —
you do now, in an everlasting covenant, dedicate
yourself to God in Christ Jesus. You do humbly
ask of God the forgiveness of all your sins ; and
desire, with all your heart, to accept Jesus Christ as
he is offered to sinners in the gospel. You likewise
solemnly engage, that, by divine assistance, you will
approve yourself a true disciple of Christ Jesus.
You particularly promise, that, so long as God shall
continue you in the relation which you now com-
mence, you will walk in communion with this church
of Christ, and will conduct agreeably to the rules of
the gospel, according to what you do know or shall
know to be your duty.
" In the name of Jesus Christ, then, I declare you
a member in full communion with the church of
Christ ; and, in the name of this church, I promise,
that, in the aid of the Holy Spirit, we will conduct
towards you as a member of the same body with
ourselves ; watching over you for your good with a
spirit of meekness, love, and tenderness ; earnestly
praying that the Lord would delight to dwell among
us, that his blessing may rest upon us, and that his
o-lorious kingdom may be advanced. Amen."
APPENDIX. 103
It was voted at the same time, " That persons
wishing to join in communion with this church be
propounded on the Communion-Sabbath immediate-
ly preceding the one of their proposed admission ;
that the covenant be consented to by such candi-
dates by signing it in private, or by owning it before
the church previous to admission ; the signing in
private, or consenting to it before the church, to be
at the election of those proposed for admission."
In October, 1842, a committee, consisting of Rev.
Mr. Peabody, J. "W. Foster, and Alexander Ladd,
was appointed to consider, and report on, a proposed
change in the form of covenant, and manner of ad-
mission to the church. This committee presented
the following form, which was adopted by the
church, Jan. 29, 1843 : —
Christian Friends, — We regard the Lord's
Supper as free to all who can come to it with faith
in Christ, and with humble and thankful hearts ; nor
would we presume to fence in the holy table by any
barrier of man's device. Yet we deem it meet and
profitable that the new guests whom we welcome to
this feast of love should make such profession of
Christian faith and of Christian purpose as may
104 APPENDIX.
fulfil the command of our blessed Master to confess
him before men, that so he may confess us before
his Father who is in heaven. We desire also, by
the use of this simple form, to impress the more
deeply on all our hearts our obligations to God, to
our Saviour, and to one another ; and to draw the
more closely the bonds of Christian fellowship
among ourselves, as followers of the same Master
and worshippers at the same altar. We therefore
invite our friend A. B., who is here present with
us, to unite in our usual form of Covenant.
As you take your place for the first time at the
table of the Lord, you profess your faith in God,
the Father of all ; in Jesus of Nazareth, as the true
Messiah, the Son of God, and the Saviour of men ;
and in the Holy Scriptures, as the records of divine
revelation, and the only sufficient rule of faith and
duty. You avow your solemn purpose, by divine
aid, to obey the commandments of God as given in
the gospel of his Son, and to make Jesus Christ
your guide and pattern ; looking to God's mercy,
through him, for the forgiveness of your sins, and
for the influences of his Spirit to sustain you in the
Christian life.
In the name of Jesus Christ, then, I welcome you
as a member of his church ; and, in the name of
your fellow-disciples here, I pledge to you our
APPENDIX. 105
Christian sympathy and affection ; trusting that you
will walk with us in the spirit of meekness and love,
and will unite your prayers and efforts with ours for
the growth of true religion among us, and for the
advancement of the Redeemer's kingdom in the
world.
FUNDS.
The Church Charity-Fund — the result of con-
tributions at the communion-table, with a few special
donations — amounts, at the present time, to four
thousand dollars. The income is annually dis-
tributed, in part for distinctively religious charities,
in part for the benefit of the poor members of the
church, — to whose sole and immediate use the con-
tributions at the communion-season are now, and
have for several years been, devoted. The trustees
of this fund are the proprietors of the cemetery at
the foot of Auburn Street; in which the lots still
unsold are reckoned at their estimated value as a
part of the fund.
Joseph Haven, who died in 1829, left, by his
will, a fund originally amounting to two thousand
dollars, but reduced, by the unforeseen depreciation
of certain stocks which formed a part of the legacy,
to eleven hundred dollars ; the income to be an-
106 APPENDIX.
nually distributed among the poor widows of the
parish.
Mrs. Ann Treadwell, widow of Robert 0.
Treadwell, who died in 1844, bequeathed to the
parish a thousand dollars ; the income to be an-
nually expended in the purchase of wood for the
poor members of the parish.
Robert Rice, who died in 1853, left the minutes
of an unexecuted will ; among which was a bequest of
a thousand dollars to the South Parish, the income
to be annually expended for charitable purposes
within the parish, at the discretion of the minister.
His benevolent design was promptly carried into
effect by his heirs.
The invested funds of the Sunday School amount
to fifteen hundred dollars, derived from legacies, of
five hundred dollars each, from Thomas Sheafe
(1830), Horace A. Haven (1843), and Samuel
Sheafe (1857).
CHURCH PLATE.
The plate in use by the church until 1828 con-
sisted of six ancient silver cups, of various work-
manship, without date, or name of donor ; the rest
of the communion-service being of cheaper material.
APPENDIX. 107
The rich and costly service of pure silver now in
use, consisting of three flagons, eight cups, and two
plates, — massive, highly wrought, and beautifully
embossed, — was the gift of the late Joseph
Haven.
A baptismal basin of hammered silver was pro-
cured, in 1740, from the proceeds of a bequest by
George Walker, of whom nothing else is known.
This, in its original form, was used until a quite
recent period, when, with additional silver from the
old cups, it was recast in a style corresponding to
that of the communion-plate ; the name of the donor,
with the date of his bequest, being engraved on the
later, as it was rudely cut in the earlier, form of
the vessel. This, for public use, is now superseded
by a permanent font of white marble in the chancel
of the church, — the gift of Mr. William Sheafe.
HOUSES OF* WORSHIP.
The meeting-house built in 1731 is still standing.
After the dissolution of the short-lived Society
formed from the South Parish, it remained vacant
for several years. It subsequently became the pro-
perty of a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church ;
and was occupied, at several different periods, as a
108 APPENDIX.
place of worship, by the Society of that denomina-
tion, which has recently erected the church on Pearl
Street. In the intervals of this occupancy, it has been,
for a considerable portion of the time, kept open for
religious worship, sometimes by series of Sunday
afternoon or evening services, arranged by the clergy-
men of the city ; sometimes by regular services, con-
ducted by the city missionary, under whose auspices
a prosperous Sunday school now holds its sessions
there. Several years ago, a floor was laid between
the two tiers of windows. The second story now
contains an audience-room, with a handsome pulpit,
slips arranged in the modern style, singing gallery,
&c, together with a small vestry ; while the lower
story is divided into a ward-room and two school-
rooms.
The church now occupied by the South Parish
was dedicated on the 8th of February, 1826. It is
built of Rockport granite, with a heavy square bell
turret of the same material. It was originally
ninety-two feet in length by sixty-six in width,
with an open portico projecting seventeen feet, and
supported by four granite columns. It contained
one hundred and four pews on the lower floor ; and
eight, together with the orchestra, in the gallery.
The late Samuel Sheafe bequeathed to the parish
three thousand dollars, of which five hundred were
APPENDIX. 109
for the Sunday school, and fifteen hundred for the
purchase of a new organ. It was found impossible,
without extensive alterations, to make room in the
original organ-loft for such an instrument as it
seemed desirable to procure. This difficulty led
to the enlargement and remodelling of the church
in the summer and autumn of 1858. In the prose-
cution of this enterprise, the rear wall was removed,
and an addition of seventeen feet made to the length
of the building. The organ — an instrument of
great power and richness of tone, manufactured by
the Messrs. Hook, in procuring which Mr. Wil-
liam Sheafe, as executor and residuary legatee,
more than doubled the sum destined to that purpose
by his uncle — stands on a platform raised three
feet above the body of the church, against the rear
wall. The choir have seats in front of the organ,
separated, by a heavy black walnut railing, from
the crescent-shaped platform, of which the pulpit
occupies the centre; with the communion-table on
the eastern, and the baptismal font on the western,
side. The pulpit is of black walnut, with carved
trusses on either side; and, in the front, a richly
moulded panel, with a carved shield and foliage.
The ceiling and walls were taken down, and re-
newed ; the ceiling in panel- work, with ornamental
9
110 APPENDIX.
mouldings ; the walls with fluted pilasters, and Co-
rinthian capitals and entablature. Over the organ
there is a massive scroll-work canopy, supported by
fluted columns, with Corinthian capitals. The pews
are of black walnut, and of an elegant design.
There are one hundred and thirty-four pews on
the main floor of the church, and twenty-two in
what used to be the music gallery. An entrance
has been made into the church from the rear, with
a passage and anteroom on each side ; one for the
use of the minister, the other for that of the choir.
Over the doors leading to the anterooms are raised
tablets, with appropriate inscriptions. The entire
cost of these improvements, including the organ,
was from fifteen to sixteen thousand dollars. To-
ward this sum, Mr. William Sheafe, over and
above the surplus paid by him beyond the legacy
for the organ, subscribed one thousand dollars ; and
assumed, besides, a large additional pecuniary re-
sponsibility, nominally covered by pews conveyed
to him by the parish, but for which his returns must
be slow and doubtful. His claims upon the grati-
tude of the parish are not a little enhanced by the
fact, that his unsolicited and generous overtures
were made while he was meditating a permanent
removal from Portsmouth, and fulfilled on his part
after he had become a citizen of Boston.
APPENDIX. Ill
CHAPELS.
In 1818, a small wooden building (which had
been erected as a temporary banking-house for the
New-Hampshire Union Bank, after the destruction
of the previous bank-building in the great fire of
1813) was purchased by the South Parish, removed
to a site on "Wentworth Street given to the parish
by Joseph Haven, and arranged for use as a
chapel and Sunday-school-room. This was sold, in
1828, to the Pleasant-street Congregational Society ;
was removed to a site on Livermore Street, in the
rear of their church ; and, on the dissolution of that
Society, was occupied for several years as a school-
room. It has since been converted into a dwelling-
house.
In 1828, members of the South Parish purchased
the meeting-house on Pitt (now Court) Street,
originally placed there by the Independent Con-
gregational Society, afterward occupied by the
Calvinistic Baptist Society, and vacated by them
on the erection of their church on Middle Street.
This building was occupied as a Sunday-school and
lecture room, from the autumn of 1828 till Febru-
ary, 1857, when it was removed to make room for
a more commodious edifice.
112 APPENDIX.
The corner-stone of our present chapel was laid
on the 25th of May, 1857 ; and the building was
consecrated by appropriate religious services on
the evening of Nov. 13, 1857. It is seventy-five
feet by thirty -four, with a lateral extension of the
vestibule. Over the vestibule are two rooms, so
connected as to be easily thrown into one, and.
together measuring seventeen feet by thirty-seven ;
the smaller of which is appropriated to the parish
aid Sunday-school libraries, and the larger designed
for meetings of the Sunday-school teachers, Bible
classes, and other similar uses. The main room of
the building is fifty-eight feet by thirty-three, and
twenty-two feet in height. It contains accommoda-
tions for thirty-eight separate classes, and ample
room to seat four hundred children with their teach-
ers. The organ is placed in a recess behind the
desk. The entire cost of this building and its fur-
niture (not including that of the land on which the
previous building stood) was about eight thousand
dollars, of which the sum of fifteen hundred dollars
was furnished by the parish in its corporate capa-
city, the residue by the voluntary subscriptions of
individual parishioners.