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THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSI.
Doue into English by
ARTHUR GEORGE WARNER, M.A.
AND
EDMOXD WARXER, B.A.
Tlie vear a.d. 1010 saw the completion of the Shdhndma, the great
1'er.siair ei)ic. Its author, the poet Firdausi, spent over thirty Ifoori;
ou'4 vears in its coiiipositiou, only to experience, when the task had
been" actiieved, a heart-breaking disappointment weU worthy ot m-
clusiou in any record of tiie calamities of authors. His worii has
sur-v-ived the test of time, and by general consent is accounted to be
one of the few great epics of the world. Geographically, and in some
other resiiects, it may be said to stand half-way between the epics ol
Europe and those of India. In its own land it has no peer, wnile in
construction and subject-matter it is uni(|ue. Other epics ct\utre
round some heroic cliaracter or incident to which all else is sub.ser-
vient. In the .^liAhndma there is no lack either of heroes or of in-
cidents, but its real hero is the ancient Persian people, and its theme
their whole surviving legendary history from the days of the Pirst
Man to tiie death of the last Sdsiinian Shdh in the middle of the seventh
century of our era. It is the glory of the Persian race that they alone
among all nations possess such a record, based as it is on their own
traditions and set lorth in the words of their greatest poet. In another
sense, too, the Shdhndma is unique. Tlie authors of the other great
epics tell us little or nothing of their own personalities or of their
sources of information. Their works are fairy palaces suspended in
mid air ; we see the result, but know not how it was achieved. The
author of the Shillindma takes us into his confidence from the first, so
tliat in reading it we are let into the secret of epic-making, and can
apply the knowledge lliiis gained to solve the problem of the con-
struction of its great congeners. To the student ot comparative
mytliiilogv and folk-lore, to the lover of historic romance or roniantic
historv, and to all that are fond of tales of high achievements and the
gests of inToes. the Sbdiniama is a stoiclioiisc of ricli and abundant
material. To set forth a com]ilete presentment of it with the needful
notes and elucidations is tlie object of the present translation, made
from two of tlie best printed texts of the original — that of Vullers and
Laudauer, an<l that of Turner Macau.
THE
SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
DONE INTO ENGLISH BY
ARTHUR GEORGE WARNER, MA.
AND
EDMOND WARNER, B A.
The homes that are the diceUincjs of to-day
Will sinic 'neath shower and sunshine to decay.
Hut storm and rain shall never mar what I
Have built^the pulace of my poetry." ,
FiRDAUSI.
VOL. IX
LONDON:
KEG AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., L^
BROADWAY HOUSE I CARTER LANE, E.G.
1925
The rights of translation and of re /■reduction are reserved.
PIMNTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE DEVONSHIRE PRESS, TORQUAY
THE SHAHNAMA
VOL. IX.
\
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page ix, lines 1-3, for " v, xi, xii," read " vii, xiii, xv."
Page 130, Col. I, line 14 from bottom, for " xii " nacf " xv."
Page 131, Col. I, line 21, for " xii " read " xv."
Pages 123-133, in the case of Roman numerals, fvr ' vii " reod
" ix," for " viii " read " x " etc.
Page 195, Col. 2, line 11, delete first comma.
Page 196, Col. I, line 11 from bottom, delete "Ahran."
Page 216, Col. 2, after line 10 from bottom, insert " Reign of,
J57, V, 281 seq. Note on, v, 281."
Page 225, Col. I, line S from bottom, delete " Bandwi."
Page 240, Col. 2, line 13 from bottom, before " 102 " insert " i."
Page 245, Col. 2, line 12, for " 162 " read " 162."
Page 251, Col. I, line 11 from bottom, after "of" insert comma.
Page 257, Col. 2, line 11, before and after "vitrified" inseit
comma.
Page 268, Col. 2, line 15 from^ bottom, after" oi" insert comma.
Page 276, Col. I, line 3 from bottom, read " Olympias."
Page 279, Col. 2, line 5 from bottom, for " 363 " read " 263."
Page 289, Col. I, line 25, for " 140 " read " 140."
Page 302, Col. _>, line 10 from bottom, /o^ 85 " read "23."
Page 310, Col. I, line 3, for " ig6 " read " 171."
Page 311, Col. 2, line 15 from bottom, after "by" insert " viii,
190.
Page 327, Col. 2, line 31 end, add " ix, 23."
Page 328, Col. I, line 26, for " 205 " read " 105."
Page 334, Col. I, line 7, for "Northman" read "Northmen."
Page 337, Col. 2, line 2 from bottom, add " viii, 108."
Page 362, Col. I, line 7 from bottom, insert comma at end.
Page 363, Col. I, line 25 end, insert comma.
Page 366, Col. I, line 23, before " 137" insert " vii."
Page 372, Col. 1, line 14, delete " vi."
Page 385, Col. I, line 23, delete " 176."
Page 386, Col. 2, line 10 from bottom, after " Khnrasdn," insert
" 176."
Page 39X, Col. 2, line 7 from bottom, delete " Yazdagird."
PREFATORY NOTE
The General Index at the end of this vohime should
be consulted in preference to the Indexes to the
separate volumes of this work. — E.W.
CONTENTS
PAQB
Prefatory Note ........ v
Abbreviations ........ xi
Note on Pronunciation ....... xii
THE SASANIAN dynasty (concluded)
KuBAD (Commonly Called Shirwi) —
SKCT.
1. How Shirwi ascended the Throne, announced his
Will, and sent Chiefs to his Father with
Counsel and Excuses .... 8
2. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Shirwi . . 15
3. How Shirwi grieved for Khusrau Parwiz and how
the Chiefs were displeased thereat . . 27
4. How Barbad lamented Khusrau Parwiz, cut off his
own Fingers, and burned his Instruments of
Music ....... 29
5. How the Chiefs demanded from Shirwi the Death
of Khusrau Parwiz and how he was slain by
Mihr Hurmuzd ..... 32
6. How Shirwi asked Shirin in Marriage, how Shirin
killed herself, and how Shirwi was slain . 36
Ardsiii'r, Son of Shirwi —
1. How Ardshir, Son of Shirwi, ascended the Throne
and harangued the Chiefs . . -44
2. How Guraz was displeased at Ardshir being Shah
and how he caused Ardshir to be slain by
Piruz Son of Khusrau ....
^ . 45
Guraz (also called Farayin)—
I. How Guraz (also called Farayin) received News of
the Slaying of Ardshir, hastened to Iran, took
Possession of the Throne, and was killed by
Shahranguraz . . . . .51
PiJrAndukht—
1. How Purandukht ascended the Throne and slew
Piriiz, Son of Khusrau, and how her own
Life ended ...... 56
ix
CONTENTS
AzARMDUKHT-
SECT. PAGE
I. How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how
she died ......
FarrukhzAd —
I. How Farrukhziid ascended the Throne and how he
was slain by a Slave ....
Yazdagird —
1. How Yazdagird ascended the Throne and addressed
* the Chiefs ......
2. How Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded Iran, how
Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and
how Rustam wrote a Letter to his Brother
3. How Rustam wrote to Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas,
and how he rephed ....
4. How Rustam fought with Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas,
and was slain .....
5. How Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians and
went to Khurasan .....
6. How Yazdagird wro^e to Mahwi of Siir .
7. How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tiis
8. How Yazdagird went to Tiis and how Mahwi of
Siir met him ......
9. How Mahwi of Siir incited Bi'zhan to war with
Yazdagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid
himself in a Mill .....
10. How Mahwi of Siir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird,
and how the Archmages counselled Mahwi
to forbear ......
11. How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller
12. How Mahwi of Sur was informed of the Obsequies
of Yazdagird and ascended the Throne
13. How Bizhan, hearing of the Slaying of Yazdagird,
and of Mahwi of Siir's Accession to the
Throne, led forth the Host to fight with him
14. How Mahwi of Siir was taken and slain by Order
of Bizhan .....
15. Account of the Completion of the Shahnama
Index . ....
General List of Abbreviations
General Table of Contents .
Corrections and Additions
General Index
59
61
70
72
78
83
85
89
90
95
96
lOI
107
1 12
"5
118
121
123
135
139
177
191
ABBREVIATIONS
C. — Macan's edition of the Shahnama
L. — Lumsden's do.
P.— Mohl's do.
T. — Tihran do.
v.— Vullers' do.
BCM. The Chahar Maqala (" Four Discourses ") of Nidhami-i-
'Ariidi-i-Samarqandi. Translated into EngUsh by
Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.
CTC. Theophanis Chronographia. Ex Recensione loannii
Classeni.
LEC. The Lands of the Eastern Califate. By G. Le Strange.
NIN. Das Iranische Nationalepos von Theodor Noldeke.
NT. Geschichte der Perser und Araber sur Zeit der Sasaniden
. . . von. Th. Noldeke.
RM. The Rauzat-us-safa ; or, Garden of Purity. . . . By
Mirkhond. . . . Translated ... by E. Rehatsek.
RSM. The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy. By George
Rawlinson, M.A.
ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'hammed-Ben-Djarir-Ben-
Yezid-Tabari, traduite . . . Par M. Hermann Zoten-
burg.
xiu
NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION
a as in " water."
i as in " pique."
u as in " rude."
a as in " servant."
i as in " sin."
M as in " foot."
ai as in " time."
au as in ou in " cloud."
g is always hard as in " give."
kh as ch in the German " buch,"
zh ^ ^ in " azure,"
XV
IV
THE SASlNIAN DYNASTY
(Concluded)
VOL. IX.
XLIV
KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI)
HE REIGNED SEVEN MONTHS
' ARGUMENT
Kiibtid on his accession sends two cliiefs to accuse of niis-
governniont the fallen and imprisoned Shah, Khusrau Parvviz,
who justifies himself at great length. His fall is made the
subject of a lament by Barbad, the minstrel, who afterwards
mutilates himself. The chiefs, noticing symptoms of remorse
in Kubad, insist upon the death of Khusrau Parwiz who is
kilh'd with all his other sons. Kubad falls in love with,
and wishes to marry, Shiri'n, who poisons herself rather than
consent, and Kubad himself is poisoned soon afterwards.
NOTE
The days of the reign of Kubad (Kobad II., Feb. -Sept.',
A.D. 628) were few and evil. Tradition already had prepared
the ground for this in the unfavourable account given of
his early years. ^ The murder of his father was followed by
that of all his brothers, and by the tragic death of Shirin,
while in addition to all these horrors a frightful pestilence
broke out in his reign and the great mortality that ensued
still further weakened the resources of an already almost
cxliausted country and hel])ed to pave the way for the suc-
cessful Arab invasion of a few years later on. Kubad is
represented in the poem as a loutish, uneducated youth,-
but even if his abilities had been great it is difficult to see
how he could Ijave extricated himself from the coil in which
' See Vol. viii., p. 390 • Id,
3
4 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
he found himself involved without mishap to himself or
others. He owed his release from prison and perhaps his
life to the very conspirators that subsequently demanded
of him for their own security the death of his father. To
have refused would have been fatal to himself, while in all
probability his father and his brothers, with the exception
of one who would have been made Shah, would have perished
all the same. It is inconceivable that the conspirators would
have run the risk to themselves of restoring Khusrau Parwiz,
with his black record of ingratitude as instanced by his treat-
ment of Bandwi and Gustaham,i to \^\^ former position as
ruler. With the exception of his infatuation for Shirin, which
hardly can be regarded as historical, Kubad throughout his
short reign was the victim of circumstances.
§§ 1 and 2. Kharrad, son of Barzin, was one of the niost
trusted ministers of Khusrau Parwiz and planned the assassina-
tion of Bahram Chubina.^ According to Tabari he fell at
the battle of Dhu Kar.^
As the epoch of the Sasanian Dynasty draws to an end
through scenes of deepening tragedy the legitimist leanings
of the tradition seem to become more and more pronounced
and we have an instance here. It is hardly to be supposed,
historically speaking, that formal charges of misgovernmcnt
were drawn up against, and as formally answered by, Khusrau
Parwiz, but rather that someone, desirous of vindicating
that Shah's memory and conversant with the circumstances
of the time, soon after his death drew up the charges and the
replies thereto. Versions of them are given in both the
Arabic and Persian Tabari and elsewhere. Four of the
charges are found in both the Tabaris as well as in the Shah-
nama.* They are : —
1. The murder by Khusrau Parwiz of his father Hurmuzd.
2. The .illegitimate accumulation of treasure as a result
of the financial oppression of the people.
3. The harsh treatment of the royal princes.
4. The refusal to restore the True Cross.
To these the Arabic Tabari adds : —
1. The general ill-treatment of all prisoners.
2. Enforced recruiting for the royal Haram even of
women already married.
? See Vol. viii., p. 354 seq. ' Id. p. 331 seq. ' Id. p. iQQ-
NT, 363 seq, ZT, ii., 334 se^.
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHlRWl) 5
3. The keeping of the troops for a long period absent
from home.
The Persian Taburi adds : —
1. The imprisonment of the troops defeated by the Arabs
at Dhu Kar and by Heraclius. •
2. The exactions of arrears of tribute for the previous
twenty or thirty years.
3. The attempt to slay the youthful Yazdagird (after-
wards the last Sasanian Shah).
4. The deposition of Nu'man, prince of Hira.^
5. The mutilation and subsequent execution of Mardan-
shah.-
In the Arabic Tabari eight charges are made against
Khusrau Parwiz two of which — those relating to the royal
Haram and the refusal to restore the " True Cross " — are
left unanswered.
In the Persian Tabari eleven charges are formulated to
each of which in the same order an answer is made. Some
of the charges, however, must be regarded as later additions
while that relating to Nu'man is not likely to have suggested
itself to a Persian and must come from an Arab source. In
the Shahnama there are eight charges, all of which are more
or less answered, but not in the same order as they are pre-
ferred, but in the following: — 1, 6, 7, 8, 2, 5, 3, 4. Thus
Khusrau Parwiz replies to the most serious accusations —
those of offences against persons — first. The Shahnama
agrees most closely wath the Arabic Tabari, supplies the missing
answer mth regard to the " True Cross," but does not deal
with the (jravamen of the royal Haram question, as that par-
ticular charge is not one of those mentioned in the j^oem.
Galinush subsequently served in the war against the Arabs,
fought at the Battle of the Bridge, and was perhaps slain at
Kadisiya.^
§ 5. Indignant legitimate tradition is naturally very
wroth with Mihr Hurnmzd, the murderer of Khusrau Parwiz,
whom it describes as the lowest of the low and vilest of the
vile. According to Tabari, however. Mihr Hurmuzd was the
son of Mardanshah, the governor of Nimriiz and one of the
most obedient and faithful of Khusrau Parwiz' officials. In
the Persian Tabari's version of the Romance of Bahram
' See Vol. viii., p. 190. ' See p. 6.
' NT, p. 365 note. RM, Pt. II., vol. iii., pp. 95, 116.
6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
Chubina that hero's brother, Yalaii-sina in the Sliahnama, is
called Mardanshab. Yalan-sina is always represented as
being one of Bahram (.'hubina's most loyal adherents just as
the other brother, Gurdwi, was a firm supjjorter of Khusrau
Parwiz, while their- sister Gurdya held an intermediate position,
faithful to Bahram Chubina, but opposing his kingl}'- ambition
in every way in her power. Later on when married to Gus-
taham, the maternal uncle of Khusrau Parwiz, she agreed,
on condition that she should become the Shah's wife and that
a full amnesty should be given to all her adherents, to murder
he..- husband and did so. There would be nothing strange
therefore in Mardanshah, if identical with Yalan-sina, becoming
reconciled to, and receiving high oflfice from, Khusrau Parwiz.
He would serve one master as faithfully as he served the other.
In the circumstances the strange thing would have been lor
the treacherous Shah not to have taken the first convenient
occasion against him. According to the story the Shah,
two years before his deposition, consulted the astrologers
who informed him that his death would come from Nimrvlz.
He therefore began to siispect and summoned Mardanshah,
but finding no pretext for putting him to death, as he was
perfectly loyal and withal an aged man, determined merely
to cut off his right hand and make him a large i)resent of money
as compensation. The sentence was carried out. Mardan-
shah regarded such a mutilation as worse than death and,
when shortly afterwards the Shah was good enough to send
and express his regret for what had occurred, asked the
Shah to grant hini a boon. The Shah swore to do so, on which
Mardanshah requested that his head should be struck off
in order to wipe out the disgrace put upon him. The Shah,
bound by his oath, felt himself obliged to consent and the
execution took place accordingly. The Shah wished to make
Mardanshah's son governor of Nimruz, but he refused and
withdrew from the army.^ He joined the conspiracy against
Khusrau Parwiz^ and by avenging his father on the Shah
justified the prediction of the astrologers.
The account given by Theophanes of the last days of the
Shah is different. As a general rule it is not prudent to put
iaith in stories of what occurred in Oriental palaces or prisons,
but owing to the special circumstances of the case his in-
formation may be good in this instance, as it appears to be
»NT, p. 379. ZT, ii., 330. "See Vol. viii., p. 196.
KUDAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 7
l);iso<! on letters written by ireniclius. After the capture of
Klnisrau Parwi'z by the (H)n.s])irators, he was bound and
confined in the " House of Darkness," which he had himself
built as a stronj^hold for his treasures. Here he was sparingly
fed on bread and water for, said Slu'rwi : " Let him eat the
gold that he has vainly amassed, and for whose sake he has
starved many, and made the world itself a desert." Shirwi
also sent satraps to revile and spit upon him, had his son
Mardasas, whom he had wished to crown, slain before his eyes,
and all his other sons as well, sent his enemies to beat and
spit upon hira, and, after five days of such treatment, had him
put to death with arrows. Shirwi then wrote to Heraclius
to announce the death of the detested Khusrau Parwiz,
arranged terms of peace, released all the captives, and restored
the " True Cross." ^ With regard to these latter statements
of Theophanes it should be observed that peace was not
concluded, and the " True Cross" restored, till after the death
of Shirwi.^
According to Tabari Kubad had Mihr Hurmuzd put to
death.3
§ 6. The association of Khusrau Parwiz and Shirin began,
it would seem,'* before his accession to the throne, and he
reigned for thirty-eight vears. If Shirwi really wished to
marry Shirin it must have been for political motives and
because she had been so much in his father's confidence and
might furnish useful information. For a son to raarrv his
father's wives was, according to Persian ideas, quite the correct
procedure in the circumstances.
Kubad is said to have been bitterly reproached by his
two sisters, Purandukht and Azarmdukht, for his share in
the deaths of his father and brothers, and to have suffered
much from sickness and remorse. He died at Dastagird,
but from what cause is uncertain.^ The plague was very
virulent at the time. Poison was often made to account
for what was really due to disease.
' CTC, i., 502. ' NT, p. 392 and note. * Id. p. 382.
'See vol. viii., p. 383. » NT, p. 3S4 and notes.
THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
§1
Hon) Shirivi ascended the Throne, announced his Will,
and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel and
Excuses
Now when Shirwi sat on the goodly throne,
And donned the royal crown so much desired,
The leaders of the Iranians each drew near
To proffer hi'm the homage due to kings,
Exclaiming : " Worshipful and honoured Shah !
Know, God gave thee the crown, and now thou sittcst
Securely on the throne of ivory.
And may thy sons and scions have the world."
Kubad replied : "Be ever conquering
And happy. Never will we practise ill.
How good is justice with benevolence !
The world will we keep peaceful and cut off
The works of Ahriman by every right,
Ancestral precedent that greateneth
The Glory of our Faith. I will dispatch
A message to my sire and tell him all.
He is in evil odour in the world
Through his ill deeds : let him excuse his faults
To God and turn to custom and the way.
If he shall heed me he will Jiot resent
My conduct. Then will I devote myself
To state-affairs and strive to compass justice
Both publicly and privily, do good
Where good is due, and break no poor man's heart.
I need two honest men of goodly speech,
Whose memories are charged with ancient lore."
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED STltRWt) 9
He asked the assembly : '' Whom shall I employ ?
Who is most shrewd and honest in fran ? ''
The warriors all surroested by their looks
Two men of lore if they should oive consent.
Kiibad pereeived whom the Iranians
Agreed to ehoose : one of them was Ashtad,
The other was Kharrad, son of Barzin,
The old — two sages eloquent and heedful.
Kubad addressed them thus : " O ye wise men.
Ye chiefs experienced and veteran !
Deem not the conduct of the world too toilsome,
Because the Great by travail compass treasure.
It is for you now to approach the Shah ;
Perchance through you he may conform himself.
Appeal to him by instance new or old
As there is need."
With tears unwillingly
Those sages made them ready. When Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, and when Ashtad, who had
Gashasj) for sire, had mounted on their steeds,
As bidden, Kubad said : " Now with right good will
'Tis yours to take the road to Taisafun,^
To carry to my glorious sire a message.
And bear it all in mind from first to last.
Say : ' 'Twas no fault of ours nor did the Iranians
Cause this, but having left the way of Faith
Thou hast thyself incurred God's chastisement,
For, first, no son legitimate wall shed
His sire's blood though impure or give assent
Thereto and fill the hearts of upright folk
With pain. Again, thy treasures fill the world,
And thine exactions reach all provinces,
While, thirdly, many horsemen brave and famed
Within Iran who gladdened there have left
Son, country, and their own pure kith and kin,
' Couplet omitted.
lo THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
Have parted, this to Chin and that to Ruin,
And now are scattered o'er each march and land.
Again, when Caisar, who had done and borne
So much for thee, had given thee a host
And dauirhter too with treasure and much else.
Desired of thee the Cross of Christ for Rum,
So that his land might be revived thereby,
How did the Cross of Jesus profit so
Thy treasures when complaisance on thy part
Would have made Caesar glad ? But thou didst not
Restore it, hadst not wit enough for that,
Or one to guide thee to humanity.
Again, thy greed was such that wisdom's eye
Was all obscured in thee, and thou didst seize
The chattels of the poor whose curses brought
111 on thy head. Thou slewest thy mother's brothers,^
Two loyal men who gave thy throne a lustre.
Moreover thou hadst sixteen sons whose days
And nights were passed in prison while no chief
Could sleep secure from thee but hid in fear.^
Know, that which hath befall'n thee is from God ;
Reflect on thy foul deeds. As for myself,
I am but as the instrument in all
This wrong, am but the heading of the tale.
By God, 'twas not my fault, no aim of mine
To wreck the Shah's throne ! Now for all seek grace,
i\.nd say so to these chieftains of Iran ;
Turn from ill deeds to God — the Guide to good— -
Who may abate the woes that thou hast brought
Upon thyself.' "
On hearing this the twain
Departed with their hearts all seared and sore
Till, sorrowful and weeping, they arrived
At Taisafun and in that city sought
' Bandwi and Gustaham.
* This sentence comes at the end of the speech in the text.
KUDAD [COMMOXT.V called SIltRWt) IT
Tlio palace of Mai'usi|)aM(l lor there
The exalted kin<i!; resided, (ialiiiush
Sat at the palaee-^ate : thou woiildst have said : —
" Earth is eonvulscd before him ! " lie was nrmed
111 lielin and breastplate, all the Arab steeds
Wore bards, and all his soldiers were drawn up,
Equipped, and sword in hand. He grasped a niaee
Of steel, his heart all fire and storm. Now when
Kharrad, son of Barzin, and when Ashtad,
Son of Gashasp, those sages twain, dismounted,
He rose forthwith, rejoiced to look on them,
And gave them place befitting, hailing them
As famous chiefs. The eloquent Kharrad
First laved his tongue in valour and then said
To Galinush : " Kubad the glorious
Hath donned in peace the Kaian crown. Iran,
Ti'iran and Rum have tidings that Shirwi^
Is seated on the throne of king of kings.
Why this cuirass and helm and massive mace ?
Who is thine enemy ? "
Said Galinush : —
" O veteran ! may all thy doings prosper.
Thou art concerned about my tender frame C. 2029
Because I am in iron garniture.
I bless thee for thy kindness ; thou deservest
That I shall sprinkle jewels over thee.
Thy words are naught but good, and may the sun
Be thine associate in the world. Declare
Why thou hast come, then look for my reply."
lie thus gave answer : " Glorious Kubad
Commissi )ncd me to bear Khusrau Parwiz
A message and if now thou wilt ask audience-
l will deliver what the world-lord said —
' That being the name by which he had been generally known,
his real name (Kubad) having been kept secret. See Vol. viii.,
pp. 371, 416.
• Reading with P.
12
THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI
That monarch of the flock."
Said Galiiiush : —
" \Vho can remember words so well as thou,
O worshii)ful ? Yet nathless Shah Knbad
Gave me full many a counsel touching this.
And charged me, saying : ' Let none have by day
Or niffht an audience of Khusrau Parwiz
Unless thou hearest what the messenger
Hath got to say in Persian new or old.' "
Ashtad said : "I hold not my message secret,
O fortunate ! It is : ' The sword is fruiting,
And nuzzling princes' heads.' In this regard
Now ask for audience of Khusrau Parwiz
That we may tell the message of the Shah."
This hearing Galniush arose, made fast
His mail, went to the Shah with folded arms.
As servants should, and said thus : " Live for ever,
O Shah ! May evil never vex thy heart.
There cometh by Ashtad and by Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, a message from the Shah
From court."
Khusrau Parwiz laughed out and said : —
" Speak wiser words for if he be the king
Then what am I, and why am I wdthin
This narrow prison, and why need'st thou ask
That I shall grant an audience unto any,
Be their words false or true ? "
So Galimish
Returned to those two warriors, reported
The answer of the paladin, and said : —
" Now go with folded arms, declare your message,
And hearken his reply."
Those sages twain
Of honest speech inswathed their visages
In sashes brought from Chin and, when they saw
The Shah, did reverence and waited long
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SlllRWt) 13
What while he sat upon a loft}' throne
Adorned with efTinics of sheep and wolves,
Impleaehed with gold and gems, with under hitu
A couch of yellow broidery. lie leaned
On cushions hued like lapis-lazuli,
Held a fine quince and drowsed there all amort.
When he beheld those chiefs supreme in wisdom c. 2030
He roused himself and secretly invoked
God's help. He laid that fine quince on the cushions
That he might welcome those two wayfarers.^
The quince slipped from the cushions, rolled unbruised
Upon the couch and thence from throne to floor.
Ashtad ran, took it up, wiped off the dust,
And laid the quince upon his head. The world-lord
Turned from Ashtad that he might neither see
Nor scent the quince. They set it on the throne,
And stood themselves. The matter of the quince ^
Perturbed Khusrau Parwiz who boded ill,
Looked up to heaven, and said : " O truthful Judge!
Who can establish one whom Thou o'erthrowest.
Who join what Thou hast broken ? W^hen bright
fortune
Departeth from a race it bringeth sorrow
Because the day of joy is passed away."
Then to Ashtad : " Now for thine ambassage
From mine unnatural child of ill repute,
And from that handful of conspirators.
My hateful and black-hearted enemies.
jMalignant fools are they and in their folly
Most wretched. Fortune will desert our race ;
None will rejoice again ; the crown and throne
Will pass to those unfit ; this royal Tree
Will be destroyed ; the Base will be exalted ;
The spirits of the Great grow sorrowful.
' ' ces deux esclavcs.' Mohl.
• I^cadin^ with P.
14 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
The majesty ^vill bide not with our sons,
Or with our kindred or {)osterity ;
Their friends all be their chief est enemies,
Revilcrs and destroyers of the race.
This quince hath made the secret evident ;
The throne of king of kings will bear no fruit.
Now tell to me the words that thou hast heard :
I count his less than water in the stream."
Then those two men released their tongues to speak,
And told all that Kubad, his son, had said,
Not keeping e'en a whisper back from him.
The king of kings, when he had heard the message.
Writhed with distress and heaved a deep, cold sigh.
Then said he to those chiefs : " Hear my response.
And bear it to the young prince, every word.
Say : ' Quit thine own misdeeds ere blaming others'.
What thou hast uttered are they words of thine ?
A murrain on the prompter [^ Speak not so
2031 As to rejoice thy foe with thy fool's talk.
And let him learn that thou hast not the wisdom
To furnish speech with knowledge from thy brains.
If thy trust is in words that profit not
Thou mak'st default in soul and wisdom too.
He that shall call thee wicked, then acknowledge
Thee to be world-lord, should not sit before thee,
And order matters whether great or small.
Think not in future of such messages
Or thou wilt cause thy foemen to rejoice.
My state hath been appointed me by God ;
My hopes are set upon the other world.
And thou by these thy charges which are lies
Wilt gain no glory in the nobles* eyes.' "
' Reading with P. and T.
KUBAD {COM mux LY called SIllRWt) 15
^2
Hoiv Khaarau Pariciz answered ISliinvi
" Now will I make full answer that thou niayst
Repeat my words in publie. They will serve
As my memorial when I am gone —
A truthful statement of my case — and thou
AVilt know, when I reveal my grief and travail,
That all ni}^ treasures were derived from toil.
Thou speakest in the first place of Ilurmuzd,
His anger with mc, and those bygone days :
My father's wrath against us was aroused
By slanderer's "words and thus confusion came.
When I had learned what occupied his thoughts
I left Iran by night, avoiding roads.
He sought my death by poison ; I perceived
No antidote but flight and so I fled,
And was not taken in the net of bale.
I heard that ill had come upon the Shah,
And quitted Barda' when the news arrived.
That knave Bahram Chubina with his troops
Opposed us on the battlefield. I fled
From him too on the dav of fight that I
Might fall not in his clutches. Afterwards
I came a second time and bravely fought.
My troublous foi'tunc passed away and all
The realm that I had lost returned to me.
My contest with him was no brief affair ;
The whole world were spectators of the strife.
By the command of God who multiplieth
His benefits on us, and is the Guide
In good and ill, Iran and Turkistan^
? Turdn in the text:.
1 6 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSt
Submitted and Bahrain Chiibina's plans
Were foiled. Released from war with him 1 hasted,
First, to take vengeance for my father's death.
C. 2032 Bandwi and Gustaham, my mother's brothers,
Men that had not a peer in any land.
Had risked their lives for me and were all mine
In love as well as kinship, but there were
My father's death and mine own grief thereat ;
I was not sluggish to avenge his blood.
I lopped Bandwi both hand and foot for he
Had made the Shah's place dark, while Gustaham,
Who disappeared and sought some distant nook,
Was slain all unawares by my command :
Those murderers' lives and aims all came to naught.
Next, as to whatthou said'st of thine own case,.
Of thine own strait confinement and affairs ;
It was to keep my sons from evil deeds
That would recoil upon themselves. Ye were
Not straitly bound in prison, not misj)rized,
And had no harm to fear. I did not then
Treat you with scorn but held my treasury
At your disposal, acting as the Shahs
Had done before, not idly or without
A precedent. Chase, minstrelsy, and polo —
All that befittcth chiefs — were yours at will.
With hawks and cheetahs, jewels and dinars.
Your so called prison was a palace where
Ye lived in joy. I dreaded thee moreover
Through what the readers of the stars had said.
That was the cause of thine imprisonment
That thou mightst do us naught of injury —
The very injury that thou art doing.
I never parted with thy horoscope
Till I had sealed and given it to Shirin.
When I had reigned for six and thirty years.
And thou past doubt amidst such pleasant days
KUBAI) (COMMOXLY CALLliD SlllRWl) 17
(iav'st all the matter to the wind, although
Much time had passed o'er us, there came to thee
A letter out of Hindustan but not
\Vith()ut my cognizance. The chief of Rajas
Sent us a letter, jewels, divers stuffs,
An Indian scimitar, white elephant.
And all that I could hope for in the world,
And with the scimitar was gold brocade
With all varieties of gems uncut.
To thee the letter was on painted silk ;
So when I saw the Indian script I called
An Indian scribe, a fluent, heedful speaker,
\\\\o when he read the Indian Raja's words
Wept for the letter ran : ' Live joyfully
For thou art worthy both of joy and realm.
And on the day of Dai in month Azar C. 2033
Thou wilt be king and ruler of the world.
Thy sire will reign for eight and thirty years.
For so the stars ordain. Good times will shine
I^pon thee ; thou wilt don the crown of greatness.'
These words have been fulfilled to me to-day.
But we should wash riot from our hearts alTection.
I was aware that fortune had decreed
That when thy throne had gained its brilliancy
Mine only portion would be toil and pain,
And that my bright day would be turned to gloom ;
But as I gave, had Faith, made friends, and loved
I did not lour by reason of that letter.
I gave it, having read it, to Shirin,
And pondered much upon it. In her keeping
Are both the letter and the horoscope.
And no one great or small is ware thereof.
If thou wouldst see it make request of her ;
Thou haply mayst regard it more or less.
I wot that seeing it thou wilt repent.
And seek to heal the past. For what thou said'st
VOL. IX. B
1 8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
Of bonds and of imprisonments, and how
Wc have done others hurt, 'tis this world's way,
And that of former chiefs and kings of kings.
And if thou know'st it not speak with an archmage ;
He will enlijihten thee thereon and tell thee : —
' 'Tis ill to keep God's enemy alive.'
Those that were in our prison were mere divs
Complained of by the righteous. Neither bloodshed
Nor utter harshness ever was our trade.
I shut up criminals and did not hold
Of small account wrongs done by them to others ;
But now I hear that thou hast freed these men — -
Men worse than dragons — and for this thou art
A sinner guilty both in word and deed
In God's sight. Now that thou art lord be prudent,
And if thou know'st not how consult the wise.
Forgive not those that vex thee though thou hopest
For wealth through them, and 'what can better bonds
For one in whom thou seest naught but harm ?
In talking of my wealth thou hast not shown
Good sense and wisdom. We have never asked
For more than toll and tax. When these were paid
If any were still rich, though men might say
That they were foes and miscreants of the seed
Of Ahriman, we thought of God and j)assed
Such matters lightly by. From Him I had
The crown and throne, and they have cost me dear.
2034 The Maker of the world, the righteous Judge,
Hath willed this change of fortune. In the world
His will is paramount, so when He would
Our minishmcnt we seek not for addition.
We sought to please our Judge, but by our toils
Have not evaded His apportionment.
And when He asketh me I will tell all.
That Questioner is wiser than thou art,
And one more jwtcnt in all good and ill.
KUBAD {COMMONLY CALLED SlIlRWl) 19
Tlic miscreants that stand before thee now
Are not thy friends or kin, and what they say
Of nic that also will they say of thee
Before thv foes. They are but slaves of o<)ld
And silver : thou wilt find in them no helper.
They have possessed thy heart and there instilled
Each fault of mine. Such words as these are not
In thy philosophy and will not profit
Those miscreants' minds, but I have uttered them
For my foes' sake that they who read this letter,
AVrit in the ancient tongue, may know that lies
I.aek lustre even from the mouths of Shahs.
'Twill be too a mcmoi-ial in the world,
A consolation to the man of wisdom.
And after our decease whoe'er shall read
These words of ours will learn our policy.
I gathered armies from Bartas and Chin,
And everj^where appointed generals.
Then made attacks upon mine enemies
Till none dared raise his head. When they were
scattered
Our treasuries were all filled. The whole land toiled
For us, and from the sea so many gems
Were brought us that the shipmen grew aweary.
Plain, sea, and mountain, all were mine. Now when
The treasury of drachms had been expended
The coffers were refilled with new dinars,
^Vith precious stones and royal jewelry.
As well as clothes and implements of war.
And when our crown was twenty-six years old
Our treasuries were rich with many gems.
I struck a new die for my drachms and turned
To joy and merriment. That year when I
Had ta'en account I found the total sum
Ten million of dinars. Paid:iwasis,i
' Sec Vol. vii., p. 95 note.
20 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI
In Persian reckoning, I spent and squandered.
Eaeh purse contained twelve thousand in dinars,
And those thus spent were royal, while besides
The tribute and dinars from Hindustan,
The realm of Riim and land of sorcerers ;
Besides from every province gifts and tribute
From all the sovereigns and potentates ;
C. 2035 Besides New Year and Autunm offerings,
The gifts of horses and of fair-faced slaves ;
Besides cuirasses, helmets, axes, swords.
Which every one sent to us liberally ;
Besides musk, camphor, sables, beaver-skins.
Red weasels' and white wolves', our subjects all
Set suchlike loads upon their beasts and sought
Our court in haste ; none was recalcitrant.
Abundant toil of all sorts have we spent
To amass a treasure — one additional
To those known as Khuzra and as 'Ariis,i
Reserved by nie against an evil day.
We long discussed what name the hoard should have,
And in the end we called it Bad Awar.-
Thus in my six and twentieth year of reign
Heaven till the eight and thirtieth favoured me ;
My chieftains were all safe, my foes all quaked,
And now I hear that thou art sovereign —
An evil juncture this for all the world,
Which reft of pleasure must perforce be mute.
Thou wilt make earth calamitous, fulfilled
With suffering and profitless. Moreover,
Those same injurious persons that surround thee,
And are the Light ^ of thy dark nights, will give
Thy throne up to the wind that thou mayst not
Enjoy the world. Were there with thee a sage.
So that thy darkened mind might be illumed.
Thou wouldst not do amiss in giving gifts
' Sec Vol. viii., p. 406. ' Id. ' Urmuzd in text.
HUB Ad (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 21
So that 111}' \vcallli nii<iht rcucli I he poor. My son,
Whose days are few, whose wisdom is l)ut scant !
SoHeituck' will rob thy soul of joy.
This know, that these our treasures are thy stay ;
The opportunity is in thy grasp.
They are the appanage of royalty ;
A world that is all moneyless is lost.
A pauper Shah will be unjust, and he
Whose hand is empty hath no strength or worth.
Without the means of largess he by all
Will be declared a fraud and not a Shah.
Moreover, if thy riches reach thy foes.
And all the idols come to Brahmans' hands,
The worshippers will turn from God, thy name
And fame be spurned. If thou art treasureless
Thou wilt not have an army, and thy subjects
Will hail thee not as Shah. The dog is good
At begging bread, but if thou fillest him
He threateneth thy life. Again, thou said'st
About my strategy that I have stationed
The troops along the roads, and blamest me
Through ignorance, not knowing gain from loss.
The answer is that by my toil I gathered C. 2036
My splendid treasures, captured foreign cities,
And shattered all my foes that we might sit
Without vexation, toil, or injury
In peace upon the pleasant throne. I scattered -
My horse about the frontier, and (to show
The difference 'twixt the worthless and the worthy)
When thou recall'st the troops from every side
The foe will see the road clear, for Iran
Is like a garden in the jocund Spring,
Whose hajopy blossoms never fail to flower,
A garden of pomegranate and narcissus.
Of apples and of quince ; but when the orchard
Bccometh void of men the enemy
11 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
Will root up Jill the marjoram and snap
All l)ranches of |)t)meoTanate and o!" quince.
Iraivs walls are its troops and o(;.»r ol' war,
Its thorns all arrows on its battlements,
And if in wantonness thou flingest down
The garden-wall the garden is as waste.
As sea or upland. Cast not down its wall
Or thou wilt break the Iranians' hearts and backs,
For then will raid and ravage, horsemen's shouts,
And all the incidents of war ensue.
Expose not thou our children, wives, and land
To trouble : let but one such year elapse.
And sages will describe thee as a fool.
Now I have heard that thou dost give high place
To men unworthy. Know that Nushirwan,
Son of Kubad,^ recorded in his Letter
Of Counsel that whoe'er doth give his arms
To foes doth give himself to slaughtering,
Since, when he asketh back those arms for use,
The enemy will fight. ^ As for the message
Of Caesar, which hath made thee call me heartless,
And self-willed, thou recallest not the facts :
Thy words were prompted by some counsellor.
As for my tyranny and his good faith,
Canst thou discern good faith from tyranny ?
Receive mine answer, thou of little wit !
But let me say withal, as is but right,
Thou art the plaintiff and the witness too—
A thing no man of wisdom would allow.
Whezi Cicsar washed off from his face the dust
Of bale he chose me as his son-in-law
For valour's sake. Whoever walketh not
The earth for ill, and hath some share of wisdom
Within him, knoweth that Bahram Chubina
Began the feud and that the Iranians
' Reading with P. and T. ' See Vol. viii.. p. 27.
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 23
Took sides with him. The Uunians did not triumph
O'er him ; the driftin<>- sand ean not bind fast-
The mountain ! Hut in Ihrd fi^lit God vouehsafcd
To aid me. and tiic armies of tlie worhl
Were nau<jht to me. The Iranians liavc heard C. 2037
Of those events, and thou shouldst liear from thetn.
As for myself, I did whatever I could,
Upon the day of fight, for Niyatus
With kindness and with magnanimity,
But have not reckoned that day's recompense,
And Farrukhzad will tell thee just the same :
Look not upon the world with boyish eyes.
Gashasp, who w^as oiu' treasurer, can tell,
And that good archimage, our minister,
That I bestowed upon the Ruman troops
A hundred thousand purses from our treasures.
I gave to Niyatus a thousand nuggets.
With earrings and red gold. Each nugget's weight
Was as a thousand treasury-miskals
I reckoned. I bestowed on him withal
Fine watered pearls that experts had found flawless,
And every one worth thirty thousand drachms
To jewellers, and five score noble steeds,
Selected from my stables — fifty saddled.
The others very choice, housed in brocade.
Mates for the wind upon the waste. I sent
All these to Caesar with my thanks withal.
For what thou said'st about the Cross of Christ,
That bit of old wood flung among my treasures —
A matter of no loss or gain to me —
Thou hast been listening to some Christian's talk.
I mused that one like Caesar, great and might}^
Surrounded as he is by learned men —
Philosophers and potentates and priests —
Should call one that was executed God !
While as for this dry, rotten wood, if this
24 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
Merc useless Cross were God "twould be Urmiizd,
Whose name we give to every month's first day,
And would have vanished from our treasury
As Christ himself departed from the world.
Again for what thou said'st : ' Make thine excuse,
Amend thy conduct and ensue God's path,
I answer : ' May the two hands of Kubad,
His feet and lips and tongue rot ! It was God
Who placed the crown upon my head : I took,
And revelled in the gift. I have returned it
Since He demanded it. What next I wonder ?
To Him will I confess, not to a boy
Scarce able to distinguish good and ill.'
All that God doth is welcome unto me
Though I have seen much woe and bitterness.
For eight and thirty years have I been Shah,
And none among the kings hath been my peer.
He that bestowed this world on me may give
Another but will have no thanks of mine !
c. 2038 I will pronounce a blessing on the realm : —
' May earth be ever teeming with the wise.'
So long as God shall help and succour us
None will dare curse."
Then said he to Kharrad : —
" O Memory of the great ones of the world !
Say to that foolish and impetuous boy : —
' The lustre of our countenance is dimmed :
Farewell to thee for ever. As for me.
May all our converse be henceforth with sages.'
As for yourselves, illustrious messengers,
Ye Persians eloquent and eminent !
To both of you I also bid farewell.
Say nothing but the words that ye have heard.
I give my blessing to the world at large,
\Vhich we have looked on as a jiassing thing.
All mother-born must die — whome'er thou hast
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHtRWt) 25
III iiiiiul Khiisrau l*ar\vi/, hack lo Kiil);'ul.
S,) t()«) Ilushaiin'. .Jainsln'd. aiul Taliinuras—
To all tlie world the loiiiits of fear and hope —
Whom div and l)easl acknowledged, passed and died
When their day ended. Faridnn, the blest,
Who banned ill, elose or open, from the world,
And stayed Zahhak the Aral)'s hand from evil,
Seajx^l not by bravery the clutch of fate.
So was it Avith Arish whose arrow's flight
Was one farsang ;^ victorious Karan,
The captvH'cr of cities ; Kai Kubad,
Who having come from IMovnit Alburz became
Through manhood world-lord over all the folk.
And built himself a world-famed house of crystal, ^
Adorned with lustrous pearls and gates of gems.^
So was it with Kaiis, that man of might,
Who took the world by skill and policy,
lie that adventured toward the sky above.
Unwitting of the j)rocesses of time ;
So too with Siyawush, that lion famed,
Who slew two tigers in his youthful days,*
And built Gang-di/h'' with toil but gat therefrom
No treasure. Where are now Afrasiyab,
The Tiu"kma?i king, whose semblance e'en in dream
None seeth ; where Rustam, Zal, Asfandiyar,
Whose fame is their memorial with us ;
Gudarz and his choice sons, three score and ten.
Those cavaliers u})on the riding-grovmd.
And lions of the fray ; where Kai Khusrau,
The noble lion-man who in the fight
Made lions prisoners ; and Shah Gushtasp,
The convert to ' The Good Faith,' he by whom
' Much further according to the legend. See Vol. v., p. 12.
' This is attributed to Kai Kaus elsewhere. See Vol. ii., pp. Si, loi.
* This line occurs three couplets too low in C.
* This is not mentioned elsewhere in the poem.
'See Vol. ii., pp. i8g, 279.
26 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
Grace was renewed ; where went renowned Sikandar,
Who overturned the world, and where Jamasp,
Who shone in astrologic lore more brightly
C. 2039 Than Sol or Vxnus ? Where is that famed Shah,
Bahram Giir, matchless in his strength and courage ?
No Shah was like him in munificence ;
The turning heaven dared not to touch his head.
Where is that Shah, my grandsire, bright of soul
Who ruled the world as Kisra Niishirwan ?
Where are the seven and forty world-lords ?^ Gone
Is all their work, gone are the Great and Wise,
The warrior-horsemen and the men of lore.
These passing those in prowess and those these
In years ? They all have left this spacious world.
Left palace, hall, and riding-ground. Midst Shahs,
Though some were older far, I had no peer.
I walked the world for good and ill, and held
The evil day aloof. 'Twas mine to traverse
Full many a rugged path and sweep away
Full many a foe. My treasures fill all lands ;
Wliere earth and water are my toil is seen.
^V^hcn with me too the world shall cease, and all
The nobles' hopes grow dim, with my son also
The throne will not abide, for he will quit it.
And all his fortune end. What time the angel
That taketh souls approacheth I shall say : —
' Take my soul gently.' I will clear my heart
By penitence, and freedom from offence
Shall be my breastplate. Well have men of wisdom,
Good, veteran, learned, declared : ' If wakeful fortune
Decline one must expect fears manifold,
And he whose day of greatness hath gone by
* Khusrau Parwlz was only the forty-third Shah. Perhaps
some, who never became Shahs, such as Siyawush and Asfantliyar,
are included, or it may be that the author of this defence (sec p.
4) wrote from his own point of view, not that of the supposed
speaker.
HUB Ad {COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 27
Is I'Dolisli if lie askclh its rt'liirii/
This is my lucssage to the workl, lu iiitun
And niiiihty too : ere lontv tlie Shall and all
His lanujiis troops will l;ill to slaughtering
Ivieh other and (ling fire on field and IVll ;
Then sires will fall by sons and sons by sires ;
Oui- enemies, the people that discoursed
or evil deeds and ehilling words, will pay
The smart when we arc gone and not for long
Enjoy the world. Since rule and greatness end
With me what reck if Lion or another
Shall have the sway ? "
Ashtad and brave Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, those sages, when they heard
The message of that leader, were heart-pierced.
And smote their heads. Both sorrowed for their
words ;
They bnlTeted their faces, rent their robes C. 2040
In grief, and scattered dust upon their heads.
Those ancients fared forth from his presence, weeping,
In anguish, with their hearts all arrow-points.
With furrowed faces and in sore distress
They went before Shirwi and every whit
To that man brainless and incompetent
Detailed the message that the Shah had sent.
§•5
How Shirivi grieved for Khusrau Partviz and hoiv the
Chiefs ivere displeased thereat
Shirwi wept bitterly on hearing this ;
His heart quaked for the crown and throne, and when
The company dispersed that had dismayed him
28 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSl
With foul words clamouring for his father's blood,
And burning the youth's heart, he left the throne
Of kingship, clasped with honoured hands his head,
And wept blood on his breast. News of that weeping
And of the lamentation of the king,
Came to the host and all were in dismay.
They met, discussed Khusrau Parwiz, and cried : —
" If he shall sit upon the throne again
He will disgrace the captains of the host."
Whenas the sun rose o'er the darksome hills
The malcontents awoke and went to court.
The Shah, on hearing of it, took his seat
Upon the throne, and those of high degree.
Akin or alien, approached the presence.
They took their seats with scowls but no one spoke.
The king said : " Gibbeting is the desert
Of him that mourneth not my father's woes.
I call such misbegotten and a knave.
Let none depend on such because that man
Is rottener than a rotten willow-tree."
He gat this answer from the men in fault : —
" Call whosoever saith : ' I serve two Shahs '
A fool at heart and vile whate'er his rank."
Shirwi rejoined : " For Shahs no wealth no troops !
For one month we will utter pleasant words.
And give no hint of duress to my sire ;
He may make statements that will gladdeji us
Because his treasures are in every coast."
C. 2041 On hearing this they rose to seek their homes.
Then Shah Shirwi gave orders to the cooks : —
" Let nothing be denied Khusrau Parwiz :
Serve up his food upon a golden service,
And let the food itself be rich and grateful."
The servers brought it but he would not eat
The viands that were profltcred, hot or cold.
Shirin's hand brought to him all that he ate
KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 29
Because she sorrowed with him in his grief.
She was his sole good friend and soothed his woes
Both day and night, shared all his hopes and fears,
And quaked for him like willow in the wind.
A month passed and meanwhile Khusraii Parwiz
Was full of pain and anguish night and day,
His faults and crimes recalled to memory,
And little relish of that life had he.
Hoiv Bdrhad lamented Kliusrau Parwiz, cut off his oivn
FitKjcrs, and burned his Instruments of Music
Now list the lamentation of Barbad,^
And grow forgetful of the Avorld at large.
On hearing that the Shah, not by advice
And 'gainst his will, no longer filled the throne,
That " men are seeking how to murder him ;
The soldiers are renouncing fealty,"
Barbad came from Chahram to Taisafiin
With tearful eyes and heart o'ercharged ; he came
To that abode and saw the Shah whereat
His tulip-cheeks became like fenugreek.
He bode awhile in presence of the Shah,
Then went with wailing to the audience-hall.
His love flamed in his heart, his heart and soul
Burned in his anguish for Khusrau Parwiz ;
His eyes rained like a cloud in Spring and made
His bosom as the margent of the sea.
He fashioned him a dirge upon the harp,
And to that dirge he sang a mournful })laint.
' For the story of Barbad sec Vol. viii., p. 396 seq.
30 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
With visage wan and heart fulfilled with grief
He thus lamented in the olden tongue : —
" O Shah ! O noble chieftain ! O Khusrau !
O great ! O strong ! O hero ne'er cast down !
Where are thy mastery and greatness now,
Where all thy Grace, thy fortune, and thy crown ?
" Where that imperial circlet, towering height ?
AVhcre are thine armlets and thine ivory throne?
Where all thy manliness, thy Grace, and might.
Who 'neath tliy wings hadst this world for thine
own ?
" Oh ! whither are thy dames and minstrels gone,
Gate, audience-hall, and leaders of thy day,
C. 2042 The diadem and Kawa's gonfalon,
And all the blue-steel falchions, where are they ,?
" Where are the head, the crown that loved it well —
Mate of the earrings and the throne of gold ?
Where are Shabdiz, his stirrups and his scll-
The steed that 'neath thee ever caracol'd ?
" Where are thy helmet, head, and habergeon
All golden and compacted gem to gem,
Thy cavaliers in gold caparison,
Whose swords made enemies the sheaths for I hem?
" Where all the camels for thy progresses.
The golden litters and attendance rife,
Led steeds, white elephants, and dromedaries ?
Have one and all grown hopeless 01 thy life ?
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRW!) 31
" Where arc thy fluent tongue and courteous,
Thy heart, thy purjiosc, and thine ardent soul ?
Why reft of all art thou abandoned thus ?
Hast read of such a day in any roll ?
'' Oh ! trust not to this world \vhose remedy
Is weaker than its bane. 'Twas thy desire
To have a son to aid and succour thee :
Now through the son the gyves are on the sire !
" It is by sons that kings obtain their might,
And are unblemished by time's travaihngs ;
Yet ever as his sons increased in height
Both Grace and vigour failed the king of kings.
" None that shall lend an ear while men recall
Tiie story of Khusrau Parwiz nmst dare
To trust the world. Account as ruined all
Iran and as the pards' and lions' lair.
" Of the Sasanian race the Shah w^as head — -
One peerless in the sight of crown and state :
The foeman's wishes are accomplished.
And, like fran, the race is desolate.
'' No man possessed a larger host than he.
Yet who had cause for justice to beseech ?
The great ])rotector brought the misery,
And now the wolves are making for the breach !
" ' O Shah devoid of shame ! ' thus tell Shirwi,
' Such conduct is Jiot ^vorthy of this court.
Count not upon thy trooj)s' lldelity
When war is rife o;i all sides.' God support
32 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
" Thy soul, my master ! and it is my prayer
That He thy foemen's heads may headlong fling.
By God and by thy life, my king ! I swear
By New Year's Day, by sun, and joeund Spring,
" If e'er this hand of mine again shall tin-n
To harping may no blessing light on me ;
Mine instruments of music will I burn
That I may ne'er behold thine enemy."
He cut four fingers off and grasped the stumps
Within his other palm. Returning home
He kindled fire and burned his instruments,
While those about Kubad both day and night
At all that might befall them quaked with fright.
§5
How the Chiefs demanded from. Shirivi the Death of
Khusrau Pariviz and how he ivas slain by Mihr
Ilurmuzd
C- 2043 Shirwi, a timid, inexperienced youth,
Found that the throne beneath him was a snare.
While readers of mankind saw that 'twas time
For men of might. Those that had done the ill.
And had produced that coil, went from the hall
Of audience to the presence of Kubad
To mind him of their infamous designs : —
" We said before and now we say again
Thy thoughts are not on government alone.
There are two Shahs now seated in one room.
One on the throne and one on its degree.
KUDAD {COMMONLY CALLED SIIIRWI) 33
And whc'U relations nrow "Iwixl sire and son
They will behead the servants one and all.
It may not be, so speak of it no more."
Shirwi was iri^htcned and he played poltroon
Because in their hands he was as a slave.
He answered : " None will bring him to the toils
Except a man whose name is infamous.
Ye must go homeward and advise thereon.
Inquire : ' What man is there that will abate
Our troubles secretly ? ' "
The Shah's^ ill-wishers
Sought for a murderer to mvu'dcr him
By stealth, but none possessed the pluck or courage
To shed the blood of such a king and hang
A mountain round his own neck. Everywhere
The Shah's foes sought until they met with one
Blue-eyed, pale-chcckcd, his body parched and hairy,
With lips of lapis-lazuli, with feet
All dust, and belly ravenous ; the head
Of that ill-doer was bare. None knew his name
Midst high and low. This villain (may he never
See jocund Paradise !) sought Farrukhzad,
And undertook the deed. " This strife is mine,"
He said. "If ye will make it worth my while
This is my quarry."
" Go and do it then
" If thou art able," Farrukhzad replied.
" Moreover open not thy lips herein.
I have a purse full of dinars for thee.
And I will look upon thcc as my son."
He gave the man a dagger keen and bright, C. 2044
And then the murderer set forth in haste.
The miscreant, when he approached the Shah,
Saw him upon the throne, a slave attending,
Khusrau I'arwiz quaked when he saw that man,
' Khusrau I'arwi'z.
VOL. IX. C
34 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
And shed tears from his eyelids on his cheeks
Bcaaiise his heart bare witness that the day
Of heaviness was near. He cried : " O wretch !
What is thy name ? Thy mother needs must wail
thee."
The man replied : " They call me Mihr Hurmuzd,
A stranger here with neither friend nor mate."
Thus "said Khusrau Parwiz : " My time hath come,
And by the hand of an unworthy foe,
^Vhose face is not a man's, w^iose love none seeketh."
lie bade a boy attending him : "Go fetch.
My little guide ! an ewer, water, musk,
And ambergris, with cleaner, fairer robes."
The boy-slave heard, unwitting what was meant,
And so the httle servant went away,
And brought a golden ewer to the Shah
As well as garments and a bowl of water,
Whereon Khusrau Parwiz made haste to go.
Gazed on the sacred twigs and muttered prayers :
It was no time for words or private talk.
The Shah put on the garments brought, he made
Beneath his breath confession of his faults.
And wrapped a new simarre about his head
In order not to see his murderer's face.
Then Mihr Hurmuzd, the dagger in his hand,
Made fast the door and coming quickly raised
The great king's robe and pierced his liverstead.
Such is the process of this whirling Avorld,
From thee its secret kcei)ing closely furled !
The blameless speaker and the boastful see
That all its doings are but vanity.
For be thou wealthy or in evil case
This Wayside Inn is no abiding-place ;
Yet be offenceless and ensue right ways
If thou desirest to receive just praise.
Wlien tidings reached the highways and bazars ; —
KUBAD [COMMOyLY CALLED SHIRWI) 35
" Khiisrau Paruiz was slaiiohtcrcd thus," his foes
Went to the pahiee-prisoii of the sad,
Where fifteen of his noble sons were bound.
And slew them there, thouoh innoeent, what time
The fortune of the Shah w^as overthrown.
Shirwi, the world-lord, dared say naught and hid
His grief though he wept sorely at the news.
And afterwards sent twenty of his guards
To keep his brothers' wives and ehildren safe ; C. 2045
Now that the Shah had been thus done to death.
So passed that reign and mighty host aw'ay,
Its majesty, its manhood, and its sway
Such as no kings of kings possessed before,
Or heard of from the men renowned of yore.
It booteth nothing what the wise man saith
When onee his head is in the dragon's breath.
Call this world " crocodile " for it doth gnaw
The prey that it hath taken with its claw.
The W'Ork of Shah Khusrau Parwiz is done ;
His famous hoards and throne and host are gone.
To put one's trust in this world is to be
In quest of dates upon a willow-tree.
W^hy err in such a fashion from the way
Alike by darksome night and shining day ?
W^hate'er thy gains let them suffice thee still
As thou art fain to save thy soul from ill,
And in thy day of strength hold thyself weak ;
For kindly impulses and justice seek,
And be intent on good. For what is thine
To give or spend do as thou dost incline ;
All else is pain and toil. How goodlier
Than we are friends whose faithfidness is clear !
Such faithfulness of friends is greatly dear.
36 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
How Shirwi asked SJiirin in Marriage, how Shirin
killed herself, and hoiv Shirivi ivas slain
Since I have ended with Khusrau Parwiz
I speak next of Shirwi and of Shirin.
As soon as three and fifty days had passed
Since that whereon that glorious Shah was slain
Shirwi dispatched Shirin a messenger
To say : " Thou wicked, potent sorceress.
Learned but in necromancy and black arts !
In all Iran thou art the guiltiest.
By necromancy didst thou gain the Shah,
And by thy craft thou bringest down the moon.
Quake, guilty one ! and come to me. Abide not
Thus in thy palace, joyful and secure."
Shirin raged at his message and abuse
So foul and senseless. Thus she said : " God grant
That parricides possess not Grace or presence.
I will not see the wretch e'en from afar
At funeral or feast."
That mournful dame
Sent for a scribe and had a document
Drawn in the olden tongue, instructing him
Regarding her last wishes and estate.
She kept a little poison in a pyx ;
She could not well procure it in the city.
She kept it on her, sewed a winding-sheet
To wrap her form — that cypress of the garden —
And then returned this answer to Shirwi : —
** Ej^alted Shah, the wearer of the crown !
Now perish all thy words and perish too
The villain's heart and spirit that hath heard
KUBAD {COMMONLY CALLED SIltRWl) 37
Of witchcraft save by name and joyed therein.
Had Shah Khusrau Parwiz been one to cheer
His soul with sorcery there would have been
A sorceress within his bower, and she
Had seen his faee.^ He kept me for his })leasure,
And when the dawn was peejjing he was wont
To call me from the golden bower and joy
At sight of me. Shame on thee for such words !
Such knavish talk becometh not a kinff.
Remember God, the Giver of all good,
And utter not such words in others' hearing."
They brought the answ^er to the Shah. Shirwi
Raged 'gainst the guiltless dame^ and said : " Thou
needs
Must come. None is blood-thirstier than thou.
Come and behold my crown's top. If it be
Magnifical then do it reverence."
Shirin, on hearing this, was full of pain ;
She writhed ; her cheeks grew wan. She thus
replied : —
" I will not come to thee save in the presence
Of those wise men that are about thy court,
Men of experience and clerkly skill."
Shirwi dispatched and summoned fifty men
Both wise and old, then sent one to Shirin,
To say : " Arise and come. Enough of talk."
Thereat she robed herself in blue and black,
And drew anear the Shah, approached apace
The Rosary of Revellers^ — the spot
Wherein those fluent Persians were — and sat
Behind the great king's curtain as became
' Reading with P.
» So far as the charge of witchcraft was concerned. Shirin (Vol.
viii., p. 389) had murdered Maryam, Kubad's mother.
' " elle alia droit a la salle de fete de Schadegan." Mohl or,
more strictly, Barbier de Meynard, who completed the translation
from §4 to the end of the poem.
38 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
The virtuous. He sent to her to say : —
" Two months^ of mourning for Khusrau Parwiz-
Are o'er. Now be my wife that thou mayst take
Thy pleasure and avoid a mean estate.
I will maintain thee as my father did,
And e'en with more respect and tenderness."
Shirin replied : " Let me be righted hrst,
And then my hfe shall be at thy dispose.
I will not hesitate in answering
The hest and purpose of thy glorious heart."
Shirwi agreed to that fair dame's request,
C. 2047 Whereat the noble lady raised her voice
Behind the royal curtains, saying : " O Shah !
Be happy and victorious. Thou said'st
That I was a bad woman and a witch,
Remote from purity and rectitude."
Shirwi replied : " 'Twas so, but generous folk
Do not take dudgeon at mere hastiness."
Shirin addressed the other Persians present
Within the Rosary of Revellers,
And asked : " What have ye seen in me of ill.
Guile, folly, and dark ways ? For many a year
I was the mistress of Iran and helped
The Brave in everything. I ne'er ensued
Aught but the right ; fraud and deceit I banned.
Through my word many were made governors.
And took their portions of the world full oft.
Who hath beheld my shadow in Iran
Away from home ? If any one hath marked
My shadow, crown, and state let such declare
What he hath seen or heard and by his answer
Reveal the truth."
The magnates in attendance
All spake her fair. " In all the world," thc}^ said,
" She hath no peer in public aiul in private."
' Reading with P.
KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIrwI) 39
Shiriii proceeded lliiis : " Ye lords and chiefs
Jiotli veteran and redoubled ! three thinos make
Tlie worth ol' women that bedeck the throne
Of greatness : one is motlesty and wealth
Wherewith her husband may adorn his house ;
The next is bearing blessed sons, that she
May e'en exceed her spouse in hajijiincss ;
The tliird is having beauty and fine form,
Joined with the love of a sequestered life.
When I was mated to Khusrau Parwiz,
And entered on seclusion, he had come
Weak and dispirited from Riim to live
Within our land, but after reached such power
As none had heard of or had looked upon.
Moreover I have had four sons by him
To his great joy — Nastur, Shahryar, Farud,
And ^Nlardanshah, blue heaven's coronal.
Jamshid and Faridun had not such sons ;
May my tongue perish if I lie herein !
Their bodies all are now beneath the dust,
Their spirits roaming in pure Paradise."
Unveiling then her lovely countenance,
And musky hair, " There is my face," she added,
" Such as it is. If there be falsehood show it.
My hair was all my hidden excellence.
For none on earth e'er used to look thereon.
What I display is all my sorcery.
Not necromancy, fraud, and evil bent."
None had beheld her hair before, no chief C. 204S
Had heard thereof. The elders were astound.
And their mouths watered. When Shirwi beheld
The visage of Shirin his spirit flew
Unmarked away from him. Her face so dazed him
That love of her filled all his heart. He cried : —
" I want none but thyself. If I have thee
For wife Iran can give me nothing more.
40 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
I will not go from thy commands, but linm
My loyalty to thee upon mine eyes."
The lady of the lovely face replied : —
" I still need somewhat of the Iranian king.
I have two wants if thou wilt bid me speak,
And may thy king of kingship last for ever."
Shirwi replied : " My soul is thine, thy wish,
Whate'er it be, is granted."
Said Shirin : —
" All treasures laid up by me in this land
Thou shalt assign me as mine own before
This noble company and write thyself
Upon this roll that thou renouncest all,
Both small and great."
Shirwi made haste to do
Her bidding. Having gained her wish she quitted
The Rosary of Revellers, the chiefs
And noble Persians, went home, freed her slaves.
And made them happy with that wealth of hers
Whereof she gave a part to mendicants.
And to her family a larger share.
She gave too somewhat to the Fanes of Fire,
The feasts of New Year's Day and Mihr and Sada,
To ruined homes and caravansarais
Then turned to lions' lairs. All this she gave
As offerings from Khusrau Parwiz, the world-lord,
And joyed his soul thereby. She sought the garden
And taking off her veil sat unadorned
Upon the ground and summoning her folk
Assigned with courtesy a place to each,
Then cried thus loudly : " Hear, ye unaggrieved !
For none will ever see my face again.
Fear ye the Judge of those that seek for justice,
The Lighter of the sun and moon and stars,
And speak but truth ; deceit is not for sages.
Since first I came before Khusrau Parwiz,
KUDAD [COMMONLY CALLED SUllUVl) 41
First made mine entry to his golden bower,
And was chiel' wife and Cilory oT tiie Shah,
llatli any I'anlt at all appeared in me ?
There is no need to speak to save my face :
What booteth that to woman in her need ? "
All rose to make reply : " Famed dame of dames, c. 2049
So eloquent and wise and bright of soul !
By God ! none ever saw thee, ever heard
Thy voiee behind the curtains. Verily
Thy like hath sat not on the goodly throne
Since Shah Hiishano-.'*
Then all the servitors.
Slaves emulous and vigilant of heart.
Exclaimed : " Exalted lady praised in Chin,
In Rum and in Taraz ! who would presume
To speak aught ill of thee ? Could evil-doing
Befit that face of thine ? "
Thus said Shirin : —
" This reprobate, whom heaven above will curse,
Slew his own sire to comjiass crown and throne.
And may he never more see fortune's face !
Hath he himself shut death out by a wall
Who lightly recked thus of a father's blood ?
He sent a message to me that bedimmed
Mine own shrewd soul. I answered : ' While I live
I\Iy heart shall serve my Maker.' I declared
My ])urpose fully, fearful of my foe :
He may defame me publicly when dead.
Ye are free agents and my slaves no longer."
They wept much at her words and furthermore
Consumed with anguish for Khusrau Parwiz.
Informants went before the Shjih and told
What thev had heard about that guiltless dame.
He asked : " Hath that good lady further wishes ? "
She sent to say : "I have one wish, no more :
I fain would ope the late Shah's charnel-house ;
42 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
I have a great desire to look on him."
Shirwi rcpHcd : " So do, 'tis natural."
The keej)er oped tlie door. That pious lady
Began her wailing, went and laid her face
Uj)on the visage of Khusrau Parwiz,
S])ake of the past and took the mortal bane :^
She sent the dust up from her own sweet life.
She sat beside the Shah with visage veiled.
Clad in a single eamphor-scented robe ;
She set her back against the wall and died ;
She died and won the plaudits of the world.
Shirwi fell sick when he had heard the news,
For such a spectacle afTrighted him.
He bade construct another sepulchre,
And make her diadem of musk and camphor,
c. 2050 He shut the old Shah's charnel. Soon they gave
Shirwi the bane ; the world had had its fill
Of Shahs ! Thus luckless both in birth and death
He left the throne of kingship to his son.
One reigneth seven months and in the eighth
Doth don the camphor crown ! Of earth's good things
To have possession of the throne is best.
Of evils life cut short is evilest.
: >C/. p. 36.
XLV
ARDSHIR, SON OF SIIIRWI
HE REIGNED SIX MONTHS
ARGUMENT
Ardshir's accession is well received by the people. He
makes Piriiz, son of Khusrau, the captain of the host. Guraz,
on the pretext of avenging Khusrau Parwiz, but really with
the intention of seizing the kingship for himstlf, schenios to
bring about the death of the Shah who is murdered at a
banquet by Piniz.
NOTE
Ardshir (Artaxerxes III., September, A.D. 628 — April,
A.D. 630) was, according to Tabari, only seven years old
at his accession. By some accounts he was only one year
old at the time.^ He was of course a mere, puppet in the
hands of the nobles. The " True Cross," if the date of its
elevation at Jerusalem — Sept. 14th, A.D. 629 — be correct,
must have been restored during his reign. '^
§ 1 , The Arabic Tabari says that the realm was administered
by Mih-Azar-Gushnasp (Mihr 'Hasis in the Persian version),
the High Steward, who had charge of the Shah's person.
This may account for his being made out to be a regicide in
the Shahnama. He really seems to have b:'en a well-inten-
tioned man who did his best in very difficult circumstances.
At all events, according to the Persian Tabari, ' Shahrbaraz,
after taking j)os3ession of Cte.siphon, slew him and other
nobles on the i)retext of avenging the death of Khusrau
Parwiz.
' XT, p. 386. ZT, ii., 347. - NT, p. 392 note.
44 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
§ 2. It appears that Shalirbaiaz (Guraz) was not con-
sulted when Ardshir was raised to the throne, and he made
this an excuse for taking violent measures. The occasion
was a favourable one for an ambitious general in command
of an army. Moreover, he had an understanding, confirmed
by matrimonial alliances, with Heraclius, who no doubt
promised to recognise him if he became Shah. He accordingly
marched upon Ctesiphon with 6,000 or, according to another
account, 60,000 troops. The High Steward made an attempt
at resistance, but Shahrbaraz with the connivance of the
captain of the guard and other chiefs was successful and the
usual scenes of outrage and massacre ensued.^
§1
How Ardshir, Son of Shirivi, ascended the Throne and
harangued the Chiefs
Now as the next confronting me I voice
The reign of Shah Ardshir, I have no choice.
When Shah Ardshir sat on the throne both young
And old flocked to him from Iran, for many
Were chiefs grown old, to hear what he would say.^
The young Ardshir then loosed his tongue and thus
He spake : " Ye well-tried warriors ! may one,
Whoe'er he be, that sitteth on the seat
Of sovereignty possess an open mind,
And worship God. We will ensue the course
Of former Shahs, ensue too Grace and Faith.
May we remember God who giveth good,
May all our acts be just ! I will advance
The pious and make tyrants bleed. I trust
The army to Plruz, son of Khusrau,
Who loveth equity and loyal lieges.
' For the above see /(i., p. 386 and «o/es. ZT, ii., 3.47. RSM, p. 541
' Couplet omitted.
ARDSHIR. SOS OF SHIRWI 45
They for their part with such a paladin
Still will be happy and serene of soul."
Full many were contented with his speech ;
A peaceful ruler was the wish of each.
§2
How Gurdz tvas displeased at ArdsJnr being Shah and
how he caused Ardshir to he slain hy Piruz, Son of
Khusrau
Then tidings reached Guraz, who had involved
Khusrau Parwiz in sorrow and distress,
And he dispatched from Rum a man to say : —
" The crown of vile Shirwi is in the dust.
Hell take his soul aiid be his charnel-house C. 2051
O'erturned ! Who ever knew a lofty cypress
Wrecked in the garden by the grass, and one
Like to Khusrau Parwiz, whose peer as king
Time's eye and heart perceive not, who bestowed
My greatness on me, and I have not turned
From his behest ? Now fate dethroneth him,
And fortune's face is utterly averse ;
The circling heaven is his foe and maketh
His portion to be hidden in the earth ;
The sun and moon amerce him of his sway.
And take the crown and throne from such a king,
Bestow the sovereignty upon Shirwi,
And give up all Iran to wretchedness !
When he j)assed and Ardshir assumed the crown
Both young and old rejoiced in him, but I,
If I have any portion in Iran,
Will suffer not Qur countrv's air tg breathe
46 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
Upon him. Have I not received the news
Of Shah Khiisraii Parwiz wrecked by the words
Of one of evil mark ? I will not have
A king like this one though the age be Shahless,
For there is much contention in his head,
And he adviscth with another host.
Now will I come in force with chosen chiefs
Of Rum and of Iran, and we shall see
What sort of Head that is to whom such schemes
Apj)cal. I will uproot him so that never
Shall he' name kingship more."
He sent a runner
To seek the ancients of the Iranian host,
And strove in other fashion to advance
His ill designs by writing to Piriiz,
Son of Khusrau, thus : " The Sasanians' fortune
Is louring and we need a world-aspirant
To gird himself for action. Haply thou
. Art ware of what to do and how to take
The needful steps, wilt seek for many helpers,
Both young and old, wilt clear away Ardshir,
And afterwards attain thy whole desire,
Be safe and well contented ; but if thou
Reveal this plot, and feed the sword of war
With blood, I Avill lead forth such hosts from Rum
That I shall make the world dark in thine eyes.
Heed avcII my" words, and mayst thou think no scorii
Of mine intent ; thou nuist not fall through folly.
Oh ! pass not from the throne of majesty
To underneath the dust. Rc])entance then
Will not avail thee when in wreak my sword
Is reaping heads."
Piruz, son of Khusrau,
When he had read that letter and perceived
The whole intendment of that self-willed man,
C- 205 i Much pondered on the matter and consulted
AUDSlliR, SON Ol- SIliRWt ^7
Tlic ancient ma<Tnate.s, saying: " Tliis alTair
Ilatli conic upon inc unawares and like
A revelation ! "
This was tlieir re))ly : —
" Famed and redoubted chieftain ! if our Shah
Shall perish we shall riohtly ])erish too
For such a crime. Let not Guraz' words move thee
To perpetrate such ill, but take occasion
For doing good. Write him a fitting answer.
And wake him from his dream. Sav : ' Thwart not
thou
God's purj)oses ; give not the Div a way
To thine own heart. Reflect upon the case
Of Shah Khusrau Parwiz and all the wronsf
That led to his undoing, for what time
Thou didst depose him the Sasanian fortune
Went at one blow, and when Shirwi ascended
The royal throne and girt his kingly loins
Folk hoped such days as when Khusrau Parwiz
Was Shah whose wits were keen in all regards.
And if the world became what it became,
And gat no profit from the state of things,
It was because the world dealt foolishly.
And by one stroke lost its advantages.
Now that Ardshir, succeeding to Kubad,
Is seated as the Shah upon the throne.
The world rejoicing in his majesty,
And earth and time exulting in his Grace,
Why should the world, now tranquil, he convulsed
By pain and war ? Knock not at evils' door ;
Those that slay blameless kings will prosper not.
In this strife circling heaven must not raise
Iran in dust. I fear that God will end
The Iranians' term for ills more heinous still.' "
Piruz, on this wise counselled, wrote Guraz —
That \illain of \ile race (may none like him
48 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
Be ever chief !) — a profitable letter.
And thou hadst said that one had got his heart
Between the shears when he had read those words.
In fierce wrath with Piriiz, son of Khiisrau,
He gathered all his baggage and commanded
The host to march forth plainwards. At the news
Piriiz dispatched a cameleer to go
In all haste to Tukhar to summon him,
Informing him at large of the affair.
Of what Guraz was doing and the strife
About the imperial throne. Then from Tukhar
This answer reached Piriiz, son of Khusrau : — -
C. 2053 " Risk not the blood of the Iranian chiefs,
O noble man ! but hear what saith Guraz,
Since thou hast written on such wise perchance
He may not come to fight with thee."
Now when
Piriiz, son of Khusrau, had seen that letter
His heart had no repose from evil thoughts,
But gloomed with thinking how to harm the Shah,
Whose wont it was to summon him, for he
Was an observant man and eloquent.
And served as minister and treasurer.
He came one dark night for an audience,
And found the wine bright and the welcome warm.
Ardshir was seated in his palace-hall
In company with many young and old,
And when Piriiz, son of Khusrau, came raised.
Thou wouldst have said, his head to heaven, called
For harp, and all the hall was filled with music.
Piriiz, son of Khusrau, when midnight came.
Had drunk one man^ of wine while the companions
Of Shall Ardshir were all bemused ; no minstrel
Was left that kept his wits. The miscreant
Dismissed the company : he and the Shah
* See Vol. i., p. 290 note.
ARDSlllR. SON OF SUlRWt 49
Alone remained. That man of outrage rose,
Laid hand upon the Sliah's hps unawares.
And held it there until Ardshir was dead. ,
The palace filled with scimitars and arrows.
All there — ambitious youths and warriors —
Were fautors of Piruz, son of Khusrau.
Upon this manner ceased Ardshir to be
^Vlien he had had six months of sovereignty.
VOL. IX
XLVI
GURAZ (ALSO CALLED FAKAYLN)
HE REIGNED FIFTY DAYS
AKGUMENT
Guiaz, hearing of ArdshiVs death, marches on Taisafun and
urged on by his younger, though dissuaded by his elder son,
usurps the throne. His rule described. A plot is formed
against him and he is slain while returning from the chase.
The throne remains vacant for a while.
NOTE
C/. note to previous reign. Guraz (Shahr-Barz, April
27th — June 9th, A.D. 630) reigned for forty days.^ He was
one of the three chief generals employed by Khusrau Parwfz
in his long war against the Eastern Roman Emj>ire. His
real name, according to Tabari, was Farruhan. This in
Palilavi would be Earrukhan, which by a misreading has
become Farayin in the Shahnama. 8hahrbaraz (Shahrguniz,
or Shahrwaraz) is, says Tabari, a title. Eirdausi uses the
shortened form Guraz, which moans " boar," because it
is more convenient metrically. The title may have been
appropriate enough. In the Shahnama the general is split
up into two personalities — Guraz or Farayin, the usurper,
and Shahranguraz, the avenger of the breach made by the
upstart in the sacred line of Sasanian succession.^ In Tabari
the leader of the revolt is a native of Istakhr named Pusfar-
rukh.^ Shahranguraz in the Shahnama is also of the same
city.
' NT, p. 390 and note. ' Id. pp. 2<j2. and )iotc. 3S8 and 7iote. ^ Id.
50
Gl'UAZ (ALSO CALLLD l-AUAviS) 51
§1
Holo Gurdz [also called Fardi/in) received Neivs of the
Slayinfj oj ArdsJnr, hastened to Iran, took Pos-
session of the Throne, and was killed bij Shahrdn-
gurdz
Piruz. soil of Khusrau, dispatched a post,
AikI letter too, in secret to Giiraz,
AVhose sombre soul, what time the messenger
Arrived, grew like the sun, and from those parts
He led forth such an army that the way
Was barred to fly and emmet. Like the wind
He sped to Taisafun, his soldiers' hands
All had been bathed in blood. When he arrived
The chiefs went out to welcome him, but none
Among the troops dared breathe for they were few. C. 2054
Guraz, on entering the city, stayed not
For minister and counsellor but chose
A void place, and the magnates })rivily
Conferred with him. Piruz, son of Khusrau,
Set loose his tongue and said : " Famed paladin !
Whom hast thou chosen to be king of kings.
And illustrate the crown of majesty ? "
The warrior Guraz made answer thus : —
" I have not any secrets from Iran.
To-morrow look ye out for some new Shah
To sit like some new moon upon the throne."
Since knowledge is the glory of a man
Walk not, if thou canst help it, foolishly.
He that hath wisdom speaketh goodly words.
And ns il orowcih he dcsei'l ct h ill.
52 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
It is the best of man's accomplishments,
The world's endeavour and the way of God.
Of things that grace one not there is no need
To speak at large for he will foolishly
Disgrace himself howe'er he may exalt
The case in point. When wisdom hath deserted
The head, and shame the eye, fame and disgrace,
And cold and hot, are one — no terror this
To any coward whether quick or dead.
IMake, if thou canst, all good thy business
Because the world abideth not with any.
Let all thy usance be humanity,
Munificence and uprightness thy Faith.
When Farayin assumed the royal crown
He uttered what was in his mind and said : —
" Let me assume the kingship for a while.
And sit upon the throne of gold in joy.
Far better scatter wealth and be exalted
Than purchase sixty years of servitude.
Thus will I sit a while in sovereignty^
Arrayed in satin^ and in painted silk,
And after me my son shall take my throne.
Assume this royal crown, be king as was
His sire, and be exalted and renowned.
\Vhoe'er shall minister to our delight
Shall be a happy man among mankind.
In feast-time we will drink with joyful hearts.
In war-time we will hunt our enemies."
His elder son said privily to him : —
" Who of us, father ! ever wore the crown ?
Feel not secure, take means to compass wcaltli ;
Thou wast the world's protector ; keej) to that.
ir ;iny member of the royal race
Shalt come thou wilt not long be here ; thy heart
Will keep of kingshi{) only grief and })ain ;
\ Ox " bcaver-skins."
GURAZ {ALSO CALLED FARAvIN) 53
Thou wilt be wretched, destitute, and wan."
Then said tlie younocr son : '' Thou hast become C. 2055
Crowned in the worUl and hast both troops and
treasures
Befitting royalty, but treasurcless
Wilt have to labour still. AVhat ancestor
Of Faridun, who had Abtin to sire.
E'er wore the crown ? Hold fast the world by courage
And treasure. Nobody is born a king."^
The younger's words pleased Farayiu the best,
Who bade his elder son : " Be not so raw."
He laid out in the royal offices
The muster-roll and called all troops to court.
He gave drachms night and day and many robes
Of honour ill-deserved. Within two weeks
Of all the treasury of Shah Ardshir
Remained not what would buy an arrow's phmie !
Whene'er Guraz would go forth to the pleasance
The lights were torches made of ambergris, '
Four score before and four score after him :
Behind them came his friends and partisans.
Of gold and silver were the goblets all,
The golden gem-encrusted.^ 'Twas his use
To feast all night. The nobles' hearts were full
Of vengeance on him. 'Twas his wont to roam
A-nights the gardens and the riding-groimd.
Save but to sleep and wake, to eat and plunder,
That slight, weak-witted one knew naught. He went
Drunk ever to re})ose and with a sash
J'rom Chin about his head. The troops were all
Vexed to the heart at him while all the province
Was full of turmoil and distress. He lost
All trace of generosity and grew
Unjust, unfortunate, and good for naught.
The world was wrecked by his iniquity,
'But cf. Vol. vi., p. 320. ^ The above couplets transposed.
54 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
And at his handling people smote their heads.
He shed the blood of innoeents until
The troops grew wi'oth with him. He used to shut
His eyes for gold and woidd liave sold the world
To win dinars. P'olk eursed him. All desired
His death and meeting privily discussed
His deeds. Hurmuzd Shahranguraz, a horseman
Redoubted of the city of Istakhr —
The glory of the chieftains — thus addressed
One night the Iranians secretly : " Ye chiefs !
The time of Farayin is proving grievous ;
He holdeth all the chiefs in light esteem.
Why have your brains and hearts become thus
straitened ?
Through him all eyes are tearful, livers charged
With blood. Is no physician to be found ?
He is not royal or Sasanian ;
Why gird the loins before him ? Of a truth
2056 Your hearts have flown out of your breasts or else
Your pluck hath disaj)peared ! "
The folk replied : —
" Since there was no one left fit for the throne
None is inspired by jealousy to take
This base-born's heart away ; but we adopt
Thy counsel. Tell us from thy stores of lore
How to release Iran from this insane
And hot-brained Shah ill both in word and deed.
May he be never blessed ! "
Shahranguraz
Replied : " The Iranians have sulTercd long.
If ye will harm me not but i)lay the Persian
E'en now by holy God's aid will I bring him
Down from his throne to dust."
He gat this answer : —
" May no harm come to thee ! All we the host
To-day are thy supporters and thy stronghold
GUR.fZ {ALSO CALLED FARAyIN) 5.5
II ill lu-ivlruiii Inlall tlico/'
Ilcariiin I his
That royal wai'iior sought how to st'l.
Hands on Ihr woillilcss Shah. Now lie one day
Took order and departed from the city
To hunt, anil of the Iranians a troop
Of lords and lioires fared, escortinir him.
lie uro-ed his eourser on and rode about
As 'twere Azargashasp, the cavaliers
Encircling him and beating up the game.
Now at what time they tin-ned back city-wards
Shahranguraz looked at the hapless Shah
With boldness, chose an arrow from his quiver,
One that was straight and had a point of steel,
And urged his black steed while the host looked on.
He stretched the bow and drew it out at whiles
To chest or head, then notched, as if in sport.
An arrow on the string and drew the bow
Till it concealed the point, and loosed his thumb.
Forthwith the shaft struck on the monarch's back.
Who dropped his whip. The arrow was all blood
Up to the feathers and the iron head
Protruded from his navel. All the troops
Unsheathed and all that night while dust-clouds rose
They ])lied their swords and knew not whom they
fought,
But took and gave back blows and cursed or blessed
That deed. Now when the yellow Veil appeared.
So that the world seemed like a leopard's back,
There was a multitude of slain and maimed.
And cavaliers and leaders were astound.
That great host was dispersed like timid sheep c. 2057
When they perceive a wolf. Long they remained
Without a king : none cared to claim the crown.
For long they sought and sought in vain to trace
Some royal scion of the noble race.
XL VI I
PURANDUKHT
SHE REIGNED SIX MONTHS
NOTE
Purandukht (Puranducht, summer A.D. 630 — autumn
A.D. 631), reigned, according to Tabari, for one year and
four months. Her name, it appears, should be spelt with a
B, not with a P. She is said to have restored the " True
Cross," but it seems more probable that this was done in the
reign of Ardshir. She made the leader of the successful
conspiracy against Shahrbaraz her prime minister.^ She
was the first historical female Shah and it was in allusion to
her reign and that of hfer sister Azarmdukht that the distich
is quoted in Mir Khand : —
" No dignity remains in a household
In which the hens are crowing like cocks."^
§1
How Purandukht ascended the Throne and slew Piriiz,
Son of Khusrau, and how her oivn Life ended
'Tis but crude policy when women rule,
But yet there was a lady — Purandukht —
Surviving of the lineage of Sasan,
' For the above see NT, p. 390 seq. and notes, ZT, ii., 340.
• RM, Pt. II., vol. iii., p. loi.
56
PURANDUKHT 57
And well road in the royal voliinio : hor
They seated on I he throne of sovereij^nty,
Tlie (ireat strewed jewels over lier, and then
She s])akc npon this wise : " I will not have
The people seattered,^ and I will cnrieh
The poor with treasnre that they may not bide
In their distress. God grant that in the wx)rld
There may be none agorieved because his pain
Is my calamity. I will expel
Foes from the realm and walk in royal ways."
She niade search for Piruz, son of Khusrau,
Who was delated by an alien,
Whereat she chose some warriors from the host
Who broiioht Piriiz before her. She exclaimed : —
" Foul-purposed miscreant !- thou shalt receive,
As infamous, the guerdon for thy deeds."
She bade bring from the stalls a colt unbroken,
And bound, firm as a rock, Piriiz thereto
Without a saddle and wdth yoke on neck.
The vengeful lady had that untamed steed
Brought to the riding-ground and thither sent,
With lassos coiled up in their saddle-straps,
A band of warriors to urge the colt
To utmost speed, to strive from time to time
To thrown Piruz and ever roll itself
Upon the ground. That colt won much applause
Until with skin in shreds and dripping blood
Piriiz gave up the ghost right wretchedly. C. 2058
Why having done wrong seekest thou for justice ?
Nay, ill for ill ; that is the course of right.
Piirandukht ruled the world with gentleness ;
No wind from heaven blew upon the dust,
But when six months had passed beneath her sway
The circle of her life bent suddenly ;
For one w'cek she was ailing, then expired,
' Through misgovernment. ' One couplet omitted
58 THE SHAHNAMA OF FlRDAUSt
And took away with her a fair renown.
Such is tlie })roccss of tlie turning sky,
So potent while so impotent are we !
11" thine be oj)ulencc or [)overty,
If hfe afTordeth gain or loss to thee,
If thou shalt win what thou dcsirest so.
Or disappointed be in wretchedness,
And whether thou be one of wealth or woe.
Both woe and wealth will pass away no less.
Reign as a Shah a thousand years, five score.
For sixty years or thirty, ten or four.
It Cometh to one thing, when all is done.
If thou hadst many years or barely one.
Oh ! may thine actions thine own comrades be,
For they in every place will succour thee.
Let go thy clutch upon this Wayside Inn
Because a goodlier place is thine to win.
If thine endeavour be to learning given
Thou wilt by knowledge roam revolving heaven.
XLVIIT
AZAUMDUKHT
SHE REIGNED FOUR MONTHS
NOTE
Before Azarmdukht (Azermidocht, end of A.D. 631 —
beginning of A.D. 632) came to the throne there seems to
have been a short interval during which a distant scion of the
royal House, who took the name of Piruz, ruled for less than a
month. The chief noble of the time, who was governor of
Khurasan, wished to make Azarmdukht his wile on wliich slie
had him privately executed. This noble's son was the Rustum
that fought and fell at Kadisiya some years later. On
hearing of his father's fate Rustam, who was in temporary
authority in Khurasan, marched with a great army against
Azarmdukht, oveithrew her and put her to death after she
had reigned six months. Her name probablv means " modest
girl."i
§1
How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how she died
There was another dame hight Azarmdukht,
Who had fruition of the crown of greatness.
She came, sat down upon the royal throne,
And made herself the mistress of the world.
Her first words were : " O sages, veterans,
And masters of affairs ! be just in all,
' I'or the above see NT, p. 303 ^'I'l notes, Z'l', ii, 350 seq.
59
6o THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
And follow precedent, for ye hereafter
Must make the bricks your pillow. I will foster
The loyal liege, assist him with dinars,
And if he erreth be longsuffcring ;
But him that is disloyal and deserteth
The way of wisdom and of precedent
Will I suspend in shame upon the gibbet.
Be he an Arab, Ruman cavalier,
Or Persian thane."
She filled the throne four months.
But with the fifth disaster came thereto,
c. 2059 For she too died, the throne had not a Shah,
But was the plaything of the ill-disposed.
With the revolving sky 'tis everything
To be all vengeful with its fosterling.
XLIX
FARRUKHZAD
HE REIGNED ONE MONTH
NOTE
Between, and even larlier than, the dcatli of Azarnidukht
and the accession of Yazdagird III., the order of the dynastic
succession becomes very confused. The names of the Shahs
vary in the different lists. The reason is that it was a period
of great internal unrest and various aspirants to the throne
held contemporaneously some short-lived authority in different
j)rovinces of the empire. One of these princes, Farrukhzad
(Fairukhzad-Khusrau) has received the honour of being
included in the list of the Shahs as recorded in the Shahnama.
Two accounts of the length of his reign are given in Tabari.
According to one, it lasted for six months, according to the
other, for a year. Both agree that he did not die a natural
death, and one of them states that his death was instigated
bv the adherents of Yazdagird.^
§1
IIdiv Farrukjzdd ascended the Throne and how he teas
slain by a Slave
Then from Jaliram they summoned Farrukhzad,
And seated him uj)on the throne of kingsliip.
There with a pious soul lie praised the Maker,
• NT, p. 397 and note. Cf. RSM, p. 544.
61
62 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIIWAUSt
And said : " Son of the kings of kings am I,
And would have naught but quiet in the world.
The mischief-maker shall not be exalted
While I am Shah, but him that from his heart
Ensueth right, and is not mischievous,
Will I hold dear as my pure soul, and seek not
To harm the harmless. Him that beareth toil
On our behalf we will reward with treasure.
We will hold dear all friends and raise the fame
Of chieftains everywhere, but all my subjects,
Both friends and enemies, are safe v>ith me."
The troops all blessed him : " Ne'er may earth and
time
Lack thee." Yet when his throne was one month old
The head of all his fortune came to dust.
He had a slave, a cypress-tree in stature.
Fair, lusty, and well-liking. That knave's name
Was Siyah Chashm.^ May heaven ne'er bring his
like !
The Shah too had a handmaid whom he loved.
She chanced on Siyah Chashm all unawares
One day, who sent to say : "If thou wilt meet me
At such a place thou shalt have endless gifts,
And I will deck thy crown with jewelry."
The handmaid heard, made no reply, l)ut Avent
And told the thing to Farrukhzad who raged,
And could not eat or sleep in his concern.
He put the feet of Siyah ('hashm in fetters.
And cast him into prison. When the knave
Had been confined awhile the Shah released him,
C. 2060 For many pled for him. The slave returned
To serve the Shah and cut his lifetime short,
For just as such a bad malignant slave
Would do he sought revenge upon the Shah,
And seizing on a time when Farrukhzad
• Black-eyed.
FARRUKHZAD 63
Rej)osed himself put poison in the wine.
The Shah drank, Uvcd one week, and all that heard
About his fate lamented him. The kingship
Was in extremities and foes appeared
On every side. The throne of king of kings,
Through these ill doings of the Iranians,
Was overturned.
Of such a fashion are
Time's revolutions ! Let it be thy care
To gather for thyself therefrom thy share.
P^at what thou hast and trust the morrow not.
For it may hold for thee a difTerent lot :
To gi\"e to others it may take from thee.
Thou callest this a world and verily
It doth whirl ! So enjoy thine own, let go
The surplusage that thou hast toiled for so
To other folk but never to thy foe.
Else whensoe'er thy day is overpast
Thy hoards will be as is the desert-blast,
Thy treasures all become thine enemy's ;
So give away to set thy mind at ease.
YAZDAGIRD
HE REIGNED TWENTY YEARS
ARGUMENT
Yazdagird becomes Shah. The country is invaded by the
Arabs. He sends Rustani, the captain of the host, to oppose
them. Rustam takes a desjjondent view of the situation,
and after some attempt at negotiations is defeated by the Arabs
at Kadisiya and slain. The war continues, and Yazdagird
withdraws to Khurasan to get help from Mahwi of Sur, the
governor. Mahwi plots with Bizhan, a Turkish prince,
against Yazdagird, who is betrayed in battle and takes refuge
in a mill, where he is slain by tlie miller at the bidding of
Mahwi. Mahwi assumes the crown, makes war on Bizhan,
is taken prisoner, and put to death. The poem ends with a
brief passage, in which Firdausi gives some account of the
completion of his undertaking, of help afforded him and of
discouragements undergone, and concludes with a well founded
assurance of his own future fame.
NOTE
Yazdagird (Isdegird III., A.D. 632-6.'j2 or 653) has given
his name to a chronological era which still obtains among the
Parsis. It dates from June 16th, A.D. 632. He was the son
of Shahryar, son of Khusrau Parwiz, and was an infant at
the time when that Shah and his sons were put to death
after the accession of Shirwi (Kubad;*) On that occasion
he was taken for safety to Istakhr. Tabari says that he was
>Seep. 34, 35.
64
YAZDAGIRD 65
murdered at the age of twenty-eight after a reign of twenty
3'ears. He was therefore only eight years old when a party
among the nobles set him up as a puppet king at Istakhr
(Persepolis), the old seat of empire, Ctesiphon at that time
being in the hands of a rival claimant of the throne. In the
contention that followed Yazdagird was successful, and in
the course of A.D. 633 he became recognised as sole Shah,
the administration remaining in the hands of the chiefs.^
He had succeeded to a heritage of woe. His empire was
ill-prepared for the troubles that were in store for it. Ex-
hausted by long wars, torn by domestic dissentions, and
lately devastated by plague, it had to confront a new and
vigorous organization inspired by religious enthusiasm and
impelled thereby to extend its borders on every side. Had
Yazdagird been a born leader of men and come to the throne
in the prime of life, he might for the time at least have been
successful, but in the circumstances, and taking into con-
sideration what we can gather as to his own character, we
can now see how hopeless from the outset his prospects were.
Students of Persian, however, have probably reason to feel
grateful to his reign, for even though we put aside as unsatis-
factory what tradition tells us on the subject, a reasonable
presumption remains that with the return of settled govern-
ment to a distracted country there was a revival of interest
in the story of the Iranian race and its heroes, and that com-
pilations were then made from which we still though indirectly
benefit. 2
§§ 2-11. The following is intended to supplement Firdausi's
inadequate account of the Arab conquest of the Sasanian
empire. He appears to assign it to the last years of Yaz-
dagird's then nominal sovereignty. From time immemorial
the Iranians and Semites had been at enmity.^ In Iranian
legend this feeling had found expression in the story of the
wicked Shah Zahhak, who, though originally an Aryan
myth,^ came to be regarded in succeeding ages as an earthly
king with his seat at Babylon. When, later still, the Iranians
again felt the weight of Semitic oppression, he was turned
into an Arab.^ Although during Sasanian times the semi-
independent kingdom of Hi'ra served to some extent as a
buffer-state between the Persian empire and the wilder Arab
' NT, p. 397 seq. and notes. ' Cf. Vol. i., p. 67. ' Id. p. 10.
* Id. p. 7. ' Id. pp. 54, 135. 141.
VOL. I^v fi
66 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
tribes there was always the liability of raids and the dangeJ'
was much increased when Klmsrau Parw^iz was so unwise
as to put an end to the long-standing dynasty of the princes
of Hira and appointed a governor of his own in their stead. ^
In his reign too had occurred the disastrous battle of Dhu
Kar, in which the smallness of the forces engaged were out
of all proportion to tlie importance of the result. The Arabs
celebrated their victory with songs of triumph. ^ With that
inspiring memory and revelation of Persian weakness, with
the prospect of rich spoil to be won, and a nation of infidels
to be converted, it is not surprising that hostilities should
break out between the young and vigorous and the old and
enfeebled empire. Muhammad himself, tradition tolls us,
addressed a threatening letter to Khusrau Parwiz, who tore
it up, and the Prophet, on hearing of this, said : " He has
rent his own realm. "^ Muhammad died in June, A.D. 632 —
the month of tlie child Yazdagird's accession. x\bu Bakr,
the first Khalifa, being apprised by an Arab chieftain, who
had embraced Islam, of the state of the Persian empire,
sent his great general, Khalid, to begin hostilities. Khalid
was very successful in numerous engagements, and tem-
])orarily the whole tract bordering the western bank of the
Euphrates from the Roman frontier almost to the Persian
Gulf came into the hands of the Arabs. Khalid made Hira
his headquarters, and was preparing to attack Ctesiphon
and invade fran when he was recalled by Abu Bakr to take
command of the forces destined for the Syrian campaign.
" This is 'Umar's doing," said Khalid. " He does not want
to see me conquer 'Irak."^ The departure of Khalid was the
Persians' opportunity. Encoiiraged by Rustam, who under
Yazdagird had become commander-in-chief, the inhabitants
of the conquered region rose against the Arabs but unsuccess-
fully. At this juncture Abu Bakr died and was succeeded
by 'Umar, who began his reign by giving Abii 'Ubaida the
chief command in Syria in the ])lace of Khalid. Then, it
is said, he appealed publicly to the Faithful to volunteer
for the invasion of Persia and for two days in vain, the super-
session of Khahd having caused great indignation. It may,
however, have been thought that the acquisition of so m!ich
fertile territory and the consequent proximity to tlie Persian
' Vol. viii., p. 190. ' NT, p. 342. " ZT, ii., 325.
<■ Id. iii., 348.
YA/.DACIRD 67
capital, wore a sunuieiit achievement for the time being.
Nevertheless, on the third day, when 'Umar made his a|)])eal,
Abii 'Ubaida (not Klialicrs successor) oiTered himself and
Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, followed suit. A thousand others
imitated their examjile. 'Umar gave Abii 'Ubaida the chief
command as he liad been the first to volunteer. The Persians
in the meantime had withdrawn to Ctesiphon, whence Rustam
dispatched a force, which had with it the flag of Kawa/
to watch the enemy. Abii 'Ubaida, who was very inferior
in numbers, threw a ])ridge across the Eujjhrates, attacked the
I'ei'sians, was defeated and slain. This battle is known as
" The Battle of the Bridge," and took place in November,
A.D. 634. An attack, however, by the Persians on Hira
failed, and the Arabs raided the Persian settlement of Baghdad
(not of course the well-known city of that name") where
twice a year a fair was held. 'Umar appointed Sa'ad, son of
Wakkas, to succeed Abu 'Ubaida, and both sides made efforts
to reinforce their respective armies. The Persian adherents
west of the Euphrates again rose. Rustam crossed the river
with a great host, and advanced to Kadisiya where the Arabs
had concentrated. The battle that ensued is said to have
lasted four days with varying fortune till a dust-storm turned
the scale in favour of the Arabs. The slaughter was very
great and so was the spoil. 'Umar forbade the Arabs to make
any further advance for the present, but as the situation
of their camp proved to be very unhealthy he directed Sa'ad
to choose a more suitable site, whereupon Sa'ad foimded
Kufa. Thenceforth the whole of the region west of the
Euphrates was lost to the Persians. To secure the lower
course of the Euphrates and Tigris 'Umar also founded Basra,
west of the Shatt-al-Arab. The battle of Kadisiya seems to
have been fought A.D. 636-7, but the chronology of the period
is somewhat uncertain. Then came a considerable pause in
the Arab advance. The Arabs seem to have spent the in-
terval well in securing what they had gained while the Persians
on the other hand appear to have been paralysed by their
misfortunes. At all events, when the invasion was resumed
and Sa'ad, crossing the Euj)hrates, marched on Ctesiphon,
no resistance was offered and Yazdagird, who had lingered
there too late to secure the removal ot most of his treasures,
fled with his court to Hulwan.^ His example of flight seems
\'()1. i., p. 154 seij. - Sec Vol. vi., p. 254. ' See Vol. vii., p. 1S7.
68 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSt
to have been followed by a majority of the inhabitants. The
Arabs came in for an immense booty according to Oriental
accounts. If, however, we take into consideration the
domestic troubles of the years preceding Yazdagird's accession,
and what must have been the financial needs of the short-lived
Shahs of that period, we are justified in suspecting that the
amount of precious metals and of the more portable forms
of wealth generally was not so great as has been affirmed.
Sa'ad, when he had established himself in the Persian cajiital,
asked permission of 'Umar to pursue Yazdagird who had
gathered a considerable army under the command of a
Mihran^ at Jalula in the neighbourhood of Hulwan. 'Umar
refused to allow Sa'ad to go in person and instructed nini to
send instead Hashim who was either his brother or his nephew.
Hashim was much inferior in point of numbers, and it was
six months before he brought the Persians to a decisive en-
gagement. He then won a complete victory, and followed
up his success at Jalula by the capture of Hulwan. Yazdagird
fled to Rai and 'Umar, contejit for the moment with what
had been achieved, forbade any further advance. The next
stage of the Arab conquest was made outside the sphere of
Sa'ad's authority, who sent, however, by 'Umar's command
troops to assist. In the north Mesopotamia, and in the
south Khiizistan, were invaded and annexed. A raid was
made also across the Persian Gulf from Bahrain into Pars,
but without lasting results, as the Arab forces got into diffi-
culties and had to be rescued by an expedition sent for the
purjiose from Basra. About A.D. 640 in consequence, it
is said, of com])laints made by the people of Kiifa, 'Umar
recalled Sa'ad and Yazdagird seized the opportunity to make
a supreme effort to recover his lost possessions. A large
army, summoned from the yet unconquered provinces of the
eTn])ire, was concentrated at Nahavand, some fifty miles
south of Hamadan, and [)laced under a Persian general named
Piruzan. On this 'Umar ordered Nu'man, who was in com-
mand in Khuzistfin, to gather all available forces from the
regions already annexed and march against tlie enemy.
Nu'muii, who was greatly inferior in point of numbers, found
the Persians strongly encamped at Nahavand and tried in
vain to bring on a general engagement. In the end he managed
to effect liis purpose by means of a stratagem. He broke up
' See id. p. 185.
YAZDAGIRD 69
liis camp and made a liasty retreat. Piruzan wciil in |iur.suit,
on which Nu'man turned upon hJin and won what the Arabs
call "The Victory of Victories" (A.T). (Mi -2). Piiu/.an
was taken prisoner and slain, and Nu'man Jiimsclf fell in the
fi.i^ht. This was the last effort of the Persians at a national
resistance. Henceforth their o])])osition was merely pro-
vincial or local, and wholly ineffective. One after another
the remaining provinces of the Sasanian empire were over-
run by the Arabs and permanently annexed, while Yazdagird,
who had fled from Rai after the disaster of Nahavand, re-
mained a fugitive till his death some ten years later.
§ 2. In Tabarf Rustam's father is called Farrukh-Hurmuzd,
the governor of Khurasan, who was slain, it is said, by Azarm-
dukht and avenged by his son.^ Khurasan probably formed
part of the satrapy of Nimruz, one of the four into which Nushir-
wan divided his empire.- Tradition makes the governors
of that satrapy, and their sons play a very important part
during the last few } ears of the Sasanian dynasty.^ The
position of commander-in-chief held by Rustam at the battle
of Kadisiya, probably indicates that he had been instrumental
in bringing about the elevation of Yazdagird to the throne.'*
Rustam's brother was named Farrukhzad.
§ 3. Mughira, son of Shu'ba, was one of the companions
of Muhammad, and played a prominent role in the affairs of
the time. He went on a similar embassy to the Persians
before the battle of Nahavand.^ He was governor for a time
at Basra,'' Mecca,' and Kufa, where he died in A.D. 670/'^
§ 4. Sa'ad took no personal part in the battle of Kadisiya.
He was suffering from sores at the time and had to content
himself with merely directing operations.^ Consequently
he did not slay Rustam in single combat as Firdausi states.
When the dust-storm came on the fourth day of the battle,
Rustam was seated under an awning erected on the bank
of the canal of Kadisiya and surrounded by the camels that
carried his treasure. The awning was blown into the water.
and Rustam took shelter among them. In the confusion
caused by the storm, the Arabs broke the Persian centre.
One of them, named Hilal, striking in the darkness at random
among the camels, hapj)ened to hit the one under which
'p. 59. 'Sec Vol. vii., p. 214. 'pp. 5, 6, 59, 87, 95 seq.
' NT, p. 397 note. NIX, p. 13. ' ZT, iii., 474. • Id. 404.
' Id. iv., 2. ' Id. 16. ' Id. iii., 398.
70 THE SHAhnAMA OP FiRDAUSf
Rustani was seated, and cut the cord that secured its load
of treasure which fell on Rustam's head. Thougli injured,
he made an atteinj)t to swim across the canal, Init was cauglit
by Ililal and slain. ^
§§9-11. There is a general agreement in Persian tradition
that Yazdigird did not die a natural death. The scene of it
is mostly laid at Marv, and the most pojndar version associates
it with a mill. Firdausi's story evidently has been worked up
as the appeals addressed to Mahwl show. The villain's
guilt too is more emphasized, and he is made more directly
responsible for the tragedy. Elsewhere the nailer murders
the Shah for mere greed. Marv a})pears to be a likely place
for Yazdagird to have chosen to reside in, as he could easily
escape thence across the Oxus in case of need. In some
accounts he does cross and negotiates to little purpose with
the Turks, but is brought back across the river for the final
scene. What the truth of the matter was seems to be quite
uncertain.
§14. According to the account in the Persian Tabari,
Mahwi, after the death of Yazdagird, remained at Marv till
he was compelled to leave owing to the approach of the Arabs,
when he fled across the Oxus and took refuge with the Turks.^
Their Khan is the Bizhan of the Shahnama.
§1
Hoiv Yazdagird ascetided the Throne and addressed the
Chiefs
When Farrrukhzad departed Yazdagird
Became the Shah upon tlie day of Ard
In month Sapandarmad. What said the man
Brave, eloquent but weary of Hfe's span ?
" Would that my mother had not brouoht mc forth,
High heaven not turned o'er me !
The days of greatness and the days of want
' Id. 396. ^ ZT, iii., 505.
YAZDAGIRD 71
For all soon cease to be.
TiiiK', as thou lookest, passcth ; !i()nc can lake
Anns to contciul with it,
So furnish forth the board and drain the eup,
And sad talk intermit.
What though thou ride high heaven yet bricks will
prove
Thy pillow at the last ;
If thou be king what of the end ? First throne,
But what when life hath past ?
Let not thy heart be troubled, trust not much
High heaven as thy supjjort ;
It aeteth as it willeth ; elc})hant
And lion are its sj)ort.
'Twill outlast thee, its tale is long ; be not
With pride of life o'erflown ;
Thou canst not better Faridun or be C. 2061
Parwiz^ with crown and throne.^
From those exalt seven planets do thou well
Consider what to Yazdagird befell."
W^hen he sat happy on the throne of kingship.
And placed upon his head the crown of might,
He said : " By process of the turning sky
I am the true-born son of Nushirwan.
Mine is the sway from sire to sire and mine
Are Virgo, Sol, and Pisces. I will seek
For greatness, wisdom, hardihood, contention.
And manliness, for life and fortune stay
With none, nor treasure, kingship, crown, and throne.
Fame will abide for aye but not desire ;
Put ofT desire then and exalt thy fame.
It is by fame that man shall live for ever
While his dead body lieth in the dust.
How good are Faith and justice in a Shah !
The times are full of blessings on his fan\e.
» Khusrau Parwiz. ' Couplet omitted.
72 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
I purpose while I live to pluck up ill,
Both root and branch."
The chiefs applauded him,
And hailed him as the monarch of the earth,
And thus it was, till sixteen years had sped,
That sun and moon revolved above his head.
§2
How Sa'ad, Son of WakJcds, invaded Iran, how Yazda-
gird sent Rustam to oppose him, and how Riistam
wrote a Letter to his Brother
It was so that 'Umar, the famous Arab,
Commander of the Faithful, ^ he whose sword
Turned day to night, the man approved by God,
Who hath no equal, sent the chosen Sa'ad,
Son of Wakkas, with troops against the Shah.
When Arab fortune worsted Persian,
And the Sasanians' fortune had grown dark.
The world had had full measure of its Shahs ;
Gold was not seen, the mite was manifest.
Good turned to evil, evil turned to good,
The path lay Hellward, not to Paradise,
The wheel of circling heaven was changed and cut
All kindness for the Persians clean away.
The slave must do the almighty Maker's will,
And bear what He infiicteth. Save with Him
There is no life or joy.
When Yazdagird
Learned what had chanced he gathered troops on all
sides,
C. 2062 And bade Hurmuzd's son lead them forth. His name
' He assumed this title.
YAZDAGIRD 73
Was Riistani. He was wary, wise, a warrior
And potentate, a reader ol the stars,
Exeeeding shrewd and all attcnt to hear
The arch images' words. He niarehed away
With all the noble, those that were alert
And brave, and after thirty months they sought
To fight at Ktidisiya. Being learned
In heaven's lore as an astrologer,
And one both just and good, he said : " No time
Is this to fight, the river of the Shahs
Will flow not in this bed," and so he took
His astrolabe, observed the stars and smote
His head because it was a day of bale,
Then wrote in grief and told his brother all.
First offering praise to God who had ordained
His good and evil fortune, and proceeded : — -
" Well may the revolutions of the sky
Fill the observer with disquietude !
I am the guiltiest person of the time,
And therefore have been caught by Ahriman,
Because the kingship passeth from this House ;
No season this of conquest and the Grace !
From the fourth heaven Sol is looking down
To hasten to the fight of mighty men.
Both Mars and Venus bode mishap to us,
And none can 'scape high heaven. Mercury
And Saturn are opposed, the former too
Hath entered Gemini, Such is the case,
A great event is toward, and my heart
Is weary of its life. I can discern
All that will be but fain woidd hold my peace.
When I agnized this secret of the sky —
That it assigncth us but grievous travail —
I wei)t right sorely for the Iranians,
And burned for the Sasanians. Woe is me
For head and crown, for state and throne, and woe
74 THE SH Ah NAM. I OF FIRDAUSt
For majesty, for fortune, and for Grace
Because hereafter will defeat betide them
From the Arabians, tlie stars not turn
Save to our hurt, and for four hundred years
None of our royal race will rule the world !
An envoy from our foemen came to me,
And divers parleyings followed. ' We,' they said,
' Will give up to the Shah the tract between
The river-bank and Kadisiya ; ye
Shall grant us access to some trading centre
That we may sell and buy ; we will not ask
For more hereafter ; we will pay large dues,
And will not seek the chieftains' diadems,
C. 2063 But will obey withal the king of kings.
And render hostages at his demand.'
Such is the talk. No action hath ensued,
But still the stars are adverse. Long will be
The strife. Fierce Lions will be slain })y hundreds.
The chieftains that are with me in the war —
Galbwi of Tabaristan and Armani,
Who do the deeds of Ahriman in fight,
Mahwi, he of Suran, and other chiefs.
Who wield the heavy mace and battle-ax —
Heed not our foes proposals but observe : —
' Who are these haughty folk and what do they
Both in Iran and in Mazandaran ?
For road and territory, weal and woe.
We must employ the mace and scimitar ;
We will exert ourselves, quit us like men.
And make the world both dark and strait to them.'
None of them knoweth circling heaven's design.
And how its aspect hath been changed to us.
On reading this take measures with the chiefs,
Make preparations and lead lorth the host,
Collect the treasures, handmaids, and state-robes,
Then hasten Azar Abadaaan —
"o^
YAZDAGIRD 75
The (hvellino- c)!' tlic jMiolity and tlie Fyqq.
WhaU-Ncr herds of horses thou iiinysl have
Send to the treasiirei" of Azar»vaslias|).
If sokUers seek thee from Zabuhstan,
Or from Iran, im])lorino- thy protection,
Receive and treat with kindness their excuses
In view of what the turning skv is doinjr —
Tlic cause of joy and terror to us all,
At whiles exalting and at whiles abasing.
Let mother know my words for of a truth
She will not look upon my face again.
Greet her from us and counsel her at large
Not to be troubled here below\ If any
Shall bring bad news of me be not too downcast,
For know that in this Wayside Hostelrj^
He that aniasseth treasure by his toil
Will find his toil more than such worldly treasure,
And that another will enjoy the fruit.
What need was there for so much toil and greed ?
Desire is lessened not by having more.
At all times worship God and purge thy heart
Of all affection for this Wayside Inn
Because our fortune is in straits, the king
Will see me not again. Do thou and all
Our House, botli old and young, unceasingly
Piaise God and pray the Maker, for with this
My host I am in stress, in travail, grief,
And bitter fortune, and shall not escape C 2064
At last. May this sweet comitry of Iran
Be in prosperity ! Whenas the world
Is straitened to the king hold treasure, life,
And person of small worth, for of that race
So famed and honoured there is no one left
Save that exalted one. Watch over him
By day and niglit till I have fought the Arabs.
Be not remiss in toil for he is now
76 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSf
All that we have to look to in this world,
And the Sasanians' memorial.
For no one will behold that House again.
Woe for the head and crown, for seal and right
Since royal throne will go adown the blast !
Fare well, be not concerned, and ever be
Before the world-lord, and if ill betide him
First give thine own head to the scimitar
Ungrudgingly. When pulpit fronteth throne,
And when Abii Bakr and 'Umar shall be
As household words, our long toils will be lost,
And long will be the fall before the rise.
Thou wilt not see throne, diadem, or state :
The stars award the Arabs everything.^
There will not be throne, crown, or golden boot.
Or gem, or coronet or flaunting flag.
One man will toil, another will enjoy ;
None will give heed to justice or to bounty.^
Then warriors will be men that fight afoot
While horsemen will be mocked and flouted at ;
The warlike husbandman will be despised.
High birth and majesty will bear no fruit ;
Then men will rob each other, none v>n\\ know
A blessing from a curse, and secret dealing
Prevail o'er open, while the hearts of men
Will turn to flint, sire will be foe to son.
And son will scheme 'gainst sire ; a worthless slave
Will be the king, high birth and majesty
Will count for nothing ; no one will be loyal.
There will be tyranny of soul and tongue.
A mongrel race — Iranian, Turkman, Arab —
Will come to be and talk in gibberish.^
Z. 2065 They will collect all treasures 'neath their skirts.
Toil and resign the j^roduct to their foes.
'Two couplets omitted. 'Three couplets omitted.
• See Vol. i., p. 34.
YAZDAGIh'l) 77
(iriff, travail, billerness will thus prevail
As joy did in Bahrain Gur\s days ; feasts, song.
Race and renown will cease ; men will set traps,
Will seek their profit in another's loss,
And make their pretext Faith ; no difference
Will be 'twixt Sprino- and Winter ;i there will be
No wine at feasts ; they will not recognise
Degree and place but live on barley-bread.
And dress in wool. When much time hath passed
thus
None will regard the noble Persian stock.
They will be shedding blood for lucre's sake.
An evil age will be inaugurate.
My heart is full, my face is w^an, my mouth
Is parched, my lips are filled with sighs to thiidc
That after I — the paladin — have gone
Sasanian fortune shall become thus dark ;
So faithless hath revolving heaven grown,
Ta'en umbrage, and withdrawn from us its love !
If with my lance I strike a brazen mountain
I pierce it, being brazen-bodied too.
But now my shafts with steel-transfixing heads
Are impotent with men that wear no mail !
My sword, which felled the necks of elephants
And lions at a blow, can not cut through
An Arab skin ! My knowledge bringeth loss
On loss upon me. Would that I possessed not
This wisdom since it causcth me to know
Of this ill day ! The chiefs that are with me
From Kadisiya are both hardy men
And hostile to the Arabs. They expect
That this brake will be filled, that earth will run
Like the Jihun. with our foes' blood. None knoweth
The secret of the skies and that this strife
' Muhammadan years being lunar the months are associated with
no particular season.
78 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSI
Can not be auicklv ended ; but when fortune
Departeth from a race what profit conieth
Of travail and of fight ? Be prosperous,
My brother ! May the Shah's heart joy in thee
Because this Kadisiya is my charnel,
My breastplate is my shroud, my helmet blood :
Such is the secret of the lofty sky.
Bind not thine own heart to my griefs but keep
Thine eyes upon the Shah, and sacrifice
Tliysclf for him in fight, because the day
Of Ahrinian is coming on apace
When circling heaven will sliow us enmity."
When he had sealed the letter he said thus : —
" My blessing be upon the messenger
That shall convey this letter to my brother.
And tell him not what I have said, but other ! "
§3
Iloiv Ruslam wrote to Sa'ad, Son oj Wakkds, and Jioiv
he replied
2066 He sent a messenger in swiftness like
The flash and thunder-clap to Sa'ad. They wrote.
In apprehension yet not in despair,
A letter on white silk and thus endorsed : —
" This from the paladin of j^aladins —
The warlike Kustam, son of Hurnuizdshah^—
To Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, the prudent, wise.
And circumspect, who hath come forth to fight."
It thus began : " We still must fear the World-lord,
The Holy, who sustaincth turning heaven,
' Cf. Mardanshah as a proper name and p. 59.
y.lZDAGiJd) 7<j
Whose rule is justiee and beneficence.
May blessinos from Ilini rest upon the king.
The histro ol' the sionct, crown, and throne,
The loril of sword, of diadem and lasso,
Whose Cirace restraineth Ahriman in bonds.
A hateful matter hath occurred to us
In these uncalled for labours and this strife.
Rej)ly to me and say who is your kin^r,
Who thou art, what thy ride and custom are,
And whose assistance is it that ye seek
With unmailcd soldiery and unmailed chief ?
Fed uj) with bread thou art still ravenous ;
Thou hast no elephants, no throne, no baggage.
Enough for thee to live within Iran,
For crown and signet are another man's,
W^ho hath Grace, elephants, and crown and throne —
A famous Shah of lengthy lineage.
No throned king hath such stature or the moon
In heaven such aspect. When enthroned he sitteth
With smiles that make his silvern teeth appear ;
His gifts would purchase Arabs in the gross.
And not impoverish his treasury.
His dogs, his hawks, and cheetahs are twelve thousand.
And they are decked with golden bells and varvels.
The whole \vaste of the wielders of the spear
Could find not in a year from end to end
Enough to feed his cheetahs and his hounds
When he is hunting on the plain. The Arabs,
From drinking camels' milk and eating li/ards,
Have reached a pitch whereat the Persian throne
Is coveted ! Shame, shame on circling heaven !
Ye have no veneration in your eyes.
Or, in yo;n- wisdom, love or reverence.
With such a visage and such tastes and ways
Is thy heart set upon the crown and throne ?
If thou art seeking power within thy means.
8o THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
And art not merely speaking words in jest,
2067 Dispateh to us some man of goodly speech,
Send some brave veteran and man of lore,
That he may tell me thine intent and who
Doth lead thee to attempt the royal throne.
Then will I send a horseman to the Shah
To ask of him whatever thou wilt ask,
But seek not with so great a king to fight,
For shame at last will come upon thy face.
His grandsire was the world-lord Nushirwan,
Whose justice made the aged young again.
His fathers have been Shahs, and he is king ;
The a^e rcmembereth none like to him.
Fill not the world with curses on thyself,
Misprize not thine own precedents. Regard
This letter of advice and bar not thou
Thine eyes and ears to wisdom." When the letter
Was sealed he gave it to high-born Piruz,
Son of Shapiir. To Sa'ad, son of Wakkas,
This paladin and magnates from Iran,
Of ardent soul, went whelmed in iron, silver.
And gold, with golden shields and golden girdles.
On hearing, Sa'ad, that noble man, set forth,
Swift as the flying dust, to meet Piruz
With troops, forthwith dismounted and inquired
About the army and its paladin.
About the Shah, his minister and host.
The watchful leader and his provinces.
He sjn-ead his cloak beneath Piruz and said : —
" We hold the sword and spear to be our mates :
Brave warriors make no mention of brocade,
Of oold and silver or of food and slumber.
Ye have no part in manhood but are like
To women with your colours, scents, and forms.
Your prowess is in donning broidery,
Adornino- roofs and dccoratinu' doors."
YAZDAGIRD 8i
Piruz then gave the letter and told Sa'ad
The words of Rustam. Sa'ad heard, read, and
wondered.
He wrote an answer baek in Arabic,
Announcing good and ill. He wrote there first
The name of God and of His messenger,
]Muluunmad, who direeteth to the truth.
He spake of Jins and men, of w^hat the Prophet,
The Ilashimite,! had said, the Unity
Of God, of the Kuran, of promise, warning,
Of menace and of novel usages.
Of liquid pitch, of fire, and icy cold.
Of Paradise, its streams of milk and wine.
Of camphor and of musk, of bubbling springs.
Of wine and honey and the trees of heaven.'^
Then : " If the Shah accepteth the true Faith
He will obtain both Avorlds with joy and kingship.
And have withal the earrings and the crown.
Perpetual beauty and prosperity.
His intercessor there will be Muhammad, c. 2068
His form like pure rose-water. In as much
As Paradise will be thy recompense
We must not plant thorns in the garth of bale.
The personality of Yazdagird,
This spacious world, such gardens, riding-grounds.
And halls and palaces with all the thrones
And crowns, the festivals and revelries.
Are less worth than one hair of an Houri.
In this our Wayside Hostelry thine eyes
Are dazed by crown and treasure, and thou trustest
Too much in ivory throne, in wealth, and signet,
In fortune and in crown. W^hy be concerned
About a world when one draught of cold water
Out-prizeth it ? Wlioever cometh forth
• Hashim was the great-grandfather of Muhammad.
• This is taken from the Kuran. Cf. Vol. i., p. yy.
VOL. IX F
82 THE SHAHNAMA OF FlRDAUSl
To figlit with me will see a narrow grave,
And Hell, naught else ; but Paradise is his
If he believeth. Mark how he should fare.
He still will choose the one and shun the other
As every wise man knoweth."
Then he set
The Arab seal thereon and praised Muhammad,
The messenger of Sa'ad, son of Wakkas,
Went with all speed to Rustam. Now what time
Sliu'ba Mughira w^ent forth from the chiefs
To journey to the paladin, a noble.
One of the Iranians, came in from the way
Before the captain of the host, and said : —
" A messenger hath come — a weak, old man —
Without a horse or weapons and ill-clad.
With thin sword slung about his neck and shirt
All plainly tattered."
Rustam thus apprised
Pre])ared a tent-enclosure of brocade.
They laid a carpet of gold thread of Chin ;
The soldiery turned out like ants and locusts.
They set a golden ante-throne whereon
The captain of the host assumed his seat
With eight score warriors attending him —
Horsemen and lions on the day of battle —
With crowns, with violet robes, and golden boots,
With torques and earrings, v/hile the tent-enclosure
Was royally adorned. Shu'ba IMughira,
On coming to the tent-enclosure, walked not
Upon the cloth but humbly on the ground.
And used his scimitar as walking-stick.
He sat upon the dust without a look
At any— captain of the host or chief.
Then Rustam said to him : " May thy soul joy,
And by its knowledge make thy body strong."
Shu'ba Mughira said : " If thou, good sir !
YAZDAGIRD 83
Acceptest the true Faith, peace unto thee."
Now Rustani, hearing this, was vexed and frowned.
He took and gave the letter to a reader. c. 20O9
That learned man told him what was writ, and Rustam
Made answer : " Tell him : ' Thou art neither king
Nor an aspirant to the diadem,
But thou hast seen my fortune in eelipse,^
And so thy heart ambitioneth my throne.
The case is one of moment to the wise.
But thou hast not considered it. If Sa'ad
Had the Sasanian throne I well might share
His feasts and fights, but since the faithless stars
Bode ill, what shall I say ? This is the day
Of bale. If for my guide I take INIuhammad,
And this new Faith for old, all will go wrong-
Beneath this crook-backed sky, and all go hard
With us.' But as for thee, depart in peace ;
The day of battle is no time for words.
Tell Sa'ad : ' To die with honour is a thing
Far better for me than crude parleying."
§4
How Rustam joiKjJd with Sa'ad, Soit of WaJcJcds, and
ivas slain
Shu'ba Mughira went his way, and Rustam
Bade to array the host and sound the trumpet.
From all sides troops assembled, clouds of dust
Arose, and din that dcafed the sharpest ears.
" The steely lance-heads mid the murky reek
Are," thou hadst said, " stars mid night's azure
gloom,"
» Reading with P.
84 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
While spears ne'er ceased to smite on glittering helms.
The strife endured three days, till water failed
The Iranians, and their warriors' hands and steeds
Became unfit for combat. Rustam's lips
Grew as the dust with drought, his tongue was split.
And men and horses battened on moist clav,
So grievous was the stress !
Shouts rose like thunder
From Rustam and from Sa'ad as they advanced,
Each from his post. Each left his army's centre,
And drew off from the field. Departing thus
They came beneath a steep-up eminence.
And there those chieftains twain assailed each other
Revengefully upon that scene of strife
Till Rustam, roaring like a thunder-clap.
Smote with his sword Sa'ad's charger on the head.
Smote the swift charger which came headlong down,
2070 And brave Sa'ad was unhorsed. Then Rustam reared
Aloft a trenchant blade to show to him
The Day of Doom, and was in mind to strike
His head off, but by reason of the dust
Raised by the troops they could not see each other.
Then Rustam lighted from his steed and saddle
Of leopard-skin and fastened to his belt
His charger's reins but, while dust blinded him,
Sa'ad hurried up and smote him with the sword
Upon his helm whence blood ran down his face.
And while his eyes were blinded by the gore
The aspiring Arab gained the upper hand,
Again smote Rustam on the head and neck.
And flung his warrior-body on the dust.
None in the two hosts were aware thereof.
Or whither those two paladins had gone,
But searched until they found the scene of strife.
The Iranians, when they spied their paladin
Slashed by the scimitar from head to foot,
YAZDAGIRD 85
Fled. Miuiy a chieftain pcrislied in the press,
And many failed for thirst upon the saddle.
The world had had full measure of the Shahs.
The host fared to the monarch of Iran,
And hastened on the way both day and night.
When Rustam had been slain in fight, and when
The chiefs' heads were all turned, the Muslim host
Sped like a savage lion in pursuit. ^
At that time Yazdagird was at Baghdad ;
To him the troops came flocking and announced
That Rustam was no more, and that the sea
Was dry with grief, that many men had fallen.
And that the rest had fled the battlefield.
The hosts, both Persian and Arabian,
Reached Karkh, and Farrukhzad, son of Hurmuzd,
Wroth and with tearful eyes came from the Arwand,
Arrived at Karkh, fell on the enemy,
And not an Arab warrior survived.
The Persians marched out from Baghdad intent
To meet the foe, and bloodv was the event.
Hoiv Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians a7id icent
to Khurasan
When Farrukhzad had gone back to the Shah,
All over dust and in his fighting-gear,
He lighted from his charger, did obeisance,
' The French version of the rest of this section is as follows : —
" Yezdegird ^tait k Bagdad lorsque ses troupes afiluerent autour
de lui. Farrukhzad, fils d'Hormuzd, furieux et rcpandant des
larmes, traversa le Tigre, entra dans Kerkh et livra un assaut
terrible qui ne lassa vivant aucun des guerricrs armcs de lances.
Les troupes sortirent aussitot de Bagdad et alKrcnt chercher le
combat dans la plaine ; mais lorsque la poussitre de la lutte se fut
dissipee, les Iraniens etaient en fuite."
86 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
Blood in his eyes and anguish in his heart,
And said to Yazdagird : " Why weep so nmch ?
Is it to wash the throne of kings with tears ?
2071 Thou only of the royal race art left
To wear the crown and sit upon the throne.
One, with a hundred thousand enemies,
How canst thou battle when exposed to all ?
Betake thee to the forest of Narwan ;
The folk will gather to thee there and thence.
Like valiant Faridiin, do thou renew
The fight hke fire."
The king of kings gave ear.
New thoughts occurred. Upon the morrow's morn
He sat upon his throne, assumed the crown,
Held an assembly with his men of lore,
The magnates and shrewd-hearted archimages.
And said : " What seemeth good to you herein ?
What precedents recall ye from the past ?
Saith Farrukhzad to me : ' Depart and take
Thy followers to the forest of Narwan :
The people of Amul, are servitors.
The people of Sari all slaves, to thee,
And, when thy troops are many, come again
With puissance to battle with the Brave.'
Do ye approve ? "
They all of them exclaimed : —
" That is the course."
The king of kings rejoined : —
" It is not well. I purpose otherwise.
Shall I desert the chieftains of Iran,
And this great host, our country, throne, and crown
To save myself ? That were not majesty.
Or manliness or policy. To fight
The foe is better for me than disgrace.
The leopard spake a saw in this regard : —
' Whene'er the time of stress shall come on thee
YAZDAGIRD 87
Turn not in folly from thine enemy.'
For just as subjects should obey their kin<>
lu good and ill so he nmst not desert them
In their distress and go off to his treasures."
The great men blessed him, saying : " Crown
and signet
Exist for ends like these. Think what thy will
And wishes are, and what assurances
Thou wouldst of us."
The Shah thus answered them : —
" Anxiety is ruin to the heart.
Our best course is to go to Khurasan
Where we shall feel secure from strife w4th foes,
For there we are possessed of many troops,
And valiant paladins. The Turkish chiefs
And Khan of Chin will come and do us homaoe
While I will make the union stronger still
By marriage with the daughter of Faghfiir.
A great host will arrive to succour us,
The magnates of Turan and mighty men.
There is the warden of the marches too,
Mahwi, with horsemen, elephants, and wealth
Of all kinds. He is our chief governor, C. 2072
The highest of the guardians of our coasts.
I raised him when he was a vagabond,
A minstrel and a braggart, giving him.
Though worthless, name and w^orth, men, government.
Lands, elephants. Base though he be and vile
Still his advancement hath been at my court.
Now I have heard an archmage quote this saw^ : —
' Of one whom thou hast wTongly harmed bew^are :
Of one made rich by thee thy hopes are fair.'
I never injured him in aught, and he
Will 'venge me on my foe."
But Farrukhzad
Smote his two hands together and exclaimed : —
88 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
" O Shah who fearest God ! put httle trust
In those of evil bent. In this regard
There is a modern saw which runneth thus : —
' Howe'er on birth thou practise witchery,
And strivest such an one from rust to free,
Since the All-giver framed him thus to be
To loose God's bonds thou wilt not find a key.' "
" O mighty, raging Lion ! " said the Shah,
" To make this trial will work me no hurt."
He stayed that night and, when the morning broke.
Those noble men set forth and left Baghdad
For Khurasan, and took their travail lightly.
The chieftains of Iran all sorrowful
Accompanied their Shah, that noble man,
And called down blessings on him, saying : " INIay
time,
And earth, ne'er lack thee."
From the host rose wails
For grief and at the going of the king.
And all the Iranian thanes — the warriors' stay —
Drew near to him with outcries and in tears.
And said to him : " O Shah ! we are thy slaves
With souls and bodies filled with love for thcc.
We all will go with thee to learn how fortune
Will sport with our king's life, for if we lose
Our Shah how can our hearts find joy in home.
And country ? We will quit our settlements.
Our children, and our wealth to share thy toils.
We care not for our lives without thy throne :
May fortune ne'er abandon thee."^
2073 With eyes
All tears the king of kings said to those nobles : —
" Be ever more intent in praising God.
It may be I shall look on you again.
And that our sorrows and distress will cease.
» Three couplets omitted.
YAZDAGinD 89
Ye all arc my true helpers and the heirlooms
Left by my sires. I would not have you harmed :
Share not mine ills then. AVe will mark the intent
Of circling heaven, its progress, and to whom
It showeth love. Resign yourself thereto :
None can evade its secret })urposes."
Then said he to the merchantmen of Chin : —
" Make no long tarrying here, else will the Arabs
Convert your quest of gain to loss."
They parted
AVith pain and trouble, sorrow, care, and w^ailing.
So Farrukhzad, son of ITurmuzd, led forth
The troops and called the veterans of Iran,
And then the Shah set out with w^ail and woe.
The leader led the van. Stage after stage
He marched to Rai and tarried there for wine,
And minstrelsy, thence went he to Gurgan,
Like wind, and stayed one se'nnight sad or glad.
Departing thence toward Bust he set his face
With wrinkled cheeks and body in ill case.
§6
How Yazdagird ivrote to Mdliivi of Sur
The w^orld-lord, resolute to go to Marv,
Wrote to Mahwi of Siir, the governor,
In rage and pain, in tears and hope deferred,
And calling an experienced scribe poured forth
His heart, and it was full. He first praised God,
The all-wise Lord, the Fosterer, the Master
Of circling Mars and Sol, of cle]:)hant
And ant, at will creating out of naught,
And needing no instructor, then proceeded : —
90 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
" What hath befallen us ! And gone are all
This kingship's hue and j^erfume. Rustani's death
Upon the battlefield and by the hand
Of one whose name is Sa'ad, son of Wakkas,
A landless, low-born, witless, aimless man,
Hath straitened all the world to us through sorrow.
Now that Sa'ad's army is at Taisafun,
With woods and foot-hills fronting them, array
Thy host to fight with his and summon all
Thy troops to that same end.^ Lo ! I will follow
Behind my letter swiftly as the wind.
And give thee what I purpose in my mind."^
How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tils
He wrote moreover to the folk of Tus,
With full heart and with face like sandarac.
First offering his praises to the Judge
" From whom are fortune, strength, and excellence,
Grace, triumph, throne, and diadem of kingship.
From foot of ant to soaring eagle's plume.
From elephant on land to crocodile
In water, all arc faithful, do His will.
And draw no breath unless by His command.
This from the world's Shiih, mighty Yazdagird,
Son^ of a famous king and valorous.
Victorious leader of the Iranian host.
Who guardeth his domain, desireth more,
And Cometh of a great. God-fearing race
That thank their stars that they possess the crown,
' Three couplets omitted. " Two couplets omitted.
' Reading with P.
YAZDAGTRD 91
Have peopled earth and made crown, throne, and
signet
Ues[)Iendent, to his niarehlords witli their thrones
And treasures, Graee, high-bearing, crowns and host
At Shamirtin, lluina,* and Mount llada,
Kahit and elsewhere. May the Fosterer
^Vateh over us and keep you from the scath
Of evil hap. In sooth the chiefs have heard.
For it hath been an ensign in the Avorld,
That in regard to warfare, valoiu', birth.
Our hearts are full of kindness, love, and justice.
High birth especially constraineth us —
The Shahs — to let our toils exceed our treasures _
On your behalf. What time Bahram Chubnia,
That malcontent, grew noted and rejected
Our rule and diadem ye all abandoned
Your marches, spacious cities, pleasances.
Your parks and palaces, and in that case.
In terror of disaster, made your homes
On dale and lofty height. If God almighty C 2075
Shall grant me strength and fortune favour us
I will repay your good deeds lavishly.
And pray to Him who watcheth o'er the world.
In sooth ye must have heard of what the stars
Have brought upon our head by these vile Snakes
With looks like Aliriman, who lack all knowledge.
Shame, fame, and treasure, fortune and descent,
And fain would let the world go to the winds.
It is the compass of the lofty sky
That tribulation shall befall this realm
By these vile miscreants, these Raven -heads, ^
Devoid of sense and knowledge, fame and shame.
These greedy men, who covet diadems,
' " Rouindiz." Mohl.
'The Persians translated "'Arab" by " Zagh " (raven) and
applied the expression to those hated enemies.
92 THE SH Ah NAM A OF FIRDAUSi
Have fixed their eyes upon this royal state,
And Nushirwan once dreamed that this our throne
Would lose its brilliant lustre. He beheld
A hundred thousand Arabs — raging camels
With bits! snapped — seeking how to cross the Arwand,
And bring destruction on our fields and fells,
Saw that both Fire and Fane of Fire would perish.
The light of New Year end and Sada feast.
That in Iran and Babylon dark smoke
Would rise from tilth and crop to Saturn's sj)here.
While on the world-king's hall the battlements
Would tumble to the ground.^ The dream is now
Fulfilled and heaven's favour fain to quit us.
Those that we value most will be misprized,
The base will be set up on high by fortune,
111 scattered through the world, mishap apert
And good concealed. In all the provinces
Some tyrant, some obscene calamity.
And signs of dark night's coming will appear.
Our glorious fortune be cut off from us.
Now as our counsellors and paladins —
Men of pure rede — advise we purpose going
To Khurasan and to its warlike marehlords.
Because now of the governor of Tus
Have I led here the elephants and drums,
And we shall see how fortune will make bonds
Of our frail knots. I am girt up for battle
That I may meet the Arabs face to face.
While Farrukhzad— my very veins and skin.
And my firm friend — is now at Altiiniya,
Intent on fight, and host eonfronteth host.
While Kashmigan, that warrior's son, hath reached
Our court and spoken well and loyally.
' Properly the piece of wood passed through a perforation made
in the nostrils of a camel to guide it by.
" See Vol. viii., p. 66.
YAZDAGIRD 93
I heard wliat he could tell about these marches, c. 2076
Their heights aud depths, their caves, retreats, the
hold
Upon Mount Gunibadan and Jarmana,
The fort of Lazhawardi for our stores,
Spots such as Al, Makhziuu, and waste of Gil :
lie kindly oj)ened all his heart to me.
My host for battle is too numerous
To tarry long within these narrow holds.
We have held council ; all the paladins
Attended ; we debated and resolved
To take with us crown, throne, and seal and
signet.
All garments of Kashmir and Rum and Chin,
Such goods as we can gather from Kibchak
And from Kirwan, all that Ave have in hand
Of clothes and carpets, articles of gold,
With gems uncut and all that most we prize.
And provand and equipment for the future.
Of oxen forty thousand will drag loads
Of unthrashed corn and after these will come
Twelve thousand asses drawing loads of dates
For us. A trusty archimage will bring
Pistachios, millet, and pomegranate- juice.
Attending on the outcome they will send
Thereafter many asses' loads of salt.
And add a thousand camels' loads of millet,
Fat from the tails of sheep and butter-skins.
A thousand Bactrian camels will bring dates,
Another thousand sugar, as their loads.
Twelve thousand also will bring drums of honey.
All these will come at one time to the holds.
13esides all these my servants will bring in
Some forty thousand salted carcases.
And of black naphtha in the next two months
Three hundred camel-loads. An archimage
94 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
With escort will arrive from^ Shamiraii,
And from Mount Rada while, in sight of all
The elders and the wise, the moiuitain-chiefs,
Sent by the marchlords, will convey whate'er
Is needed to the gates and give the list
To our own treasurer, and if the Great
Among the folk wall but restrain themselves
They will in sooth receive no injury
Among the valleys and the lofty hills
From Arab or from Turkman. Help from you
In these our strenuous times will aid us much.
Our minister, that wise and holy man.
Will now give orders to our treasurer
To send five robes of Persian make to all
)77 That toil for us and, when those toils are over,
A splendid turban of gold broidery.
In these our present troubles each shall have
Two score drachms from our treasures, afterwards,
For service rendered, for each drachm three-score.
Each worth more than ten dangs,^ and he will read
This legend : ' In the name of holy God,
The Object of our reverence, hopes, and fears,'
Upon one side. The other side will bear
Our face and crown, the legend : ' Through our love
The earth becometh fruitful.' These have been
Prepared for New Year's Da}^ the nobles' eyes
• Fulfilled w'ith wealth. God's blessiuQ- on the man
Whose faults are few and who forgetteth not
Our diadem."
The Shah when he had sealed
The letter sent it to the army-chiefs.
With this king's missive in his hand there came
A horseman of high fortune and high aim.
' Reading with P.
' The dang properly was a quarter of a drachm.
Y.lZn.lCIRD
95
§8
JIuiv Yazdayird went to T us and how Mdhwi of Stir
met him
Tliciicc they conveyed the driiins and came to Tus
From Nishaj)ur. INIahwi of Suv had news : —
" The Shah is on the road to Dahistan,"
And went to meet him with a mighty power,
All sj)earmen and in coats of mail, and when
The Glory of the royal state ajjpeared,
The flag- of majesty and such a host,
Alighted from his steed forthwith and paid
His dnty to the king of kings, walked softly
Upon the bnrning dust and from his eyes
Shed tears of reverence. He kissed the around.
Prolonging his obeisance, iill his troops
Acclaimed the Shah and touched earth with their
heads,
While Farrukhzad cnrankcd his })owers when he
Beheld the visage of Mahwi of Siir
By whom his heart was joyed and whom he coun-
selled
At large : " This Shah of royal race do I
Commit to thee to serve him, suffering not
The blast to blow on him, and none save thee
To earn his thanks. I must depart to Rai,
Uncertain whether I shall see again
The royal crown for 'gainst these Arab sj)carmen
Full many such as I have died in battle.
There was not one within the world like Ilustam,
The horseman, never hath the ear of sage
Heard tell of such, yet by a Raven-head^ c. 2078
' See p. 91. note.
96 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
Was he cut off, so adverse was our day !
God grant to him a place among the Just,
And give the swarthy Ravens to our spears !
Mahwi rephed : " O paladin ! the Shah
Is eye and soul to me. I undertake
In thy place to defend thy king, thy Heaven."
So Farrukhzad, son ofHurmuzd, departed
To Rai as bidden by the Shah, The sky
Revolved awhile with matters in this stay,
And all love passed from that malignant's brain,
And none dared go to battle with the Arabs
Because the azure sky was helping them ;
The visage of the monarch of tran
Grew wrinkled ; the foe's deeds made strait his heart.
Mahwi saw that the Shah was at a stay.
And driven on by fortune helplessly,
Ambitioned speedily the throne and changed
In policy, in manners, and dispose.
Then for a season he began to affect
111 health and barely showed the Shah respect.
§9
How Mdhivi of Sur incited Bizhan to tvar with Yaz-
dagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid himself
in a Mill
There was a paladin, a Turk by race,
A man of influence and named Bizhan ;
He dwelt within the coasts of Samarkand
Where he had many kin. Ill-starred Mahwi,
Becoming self-assertive, wrote to him : —
" Thou prosperous scion of the paladins !
YAZDAGIRD 97
A strife hath risen that will bring thee profit :
The Shah is of all places here at Marv
And with no troops ! His head and crown and state,
Wealth, throne, and host, are thine if thou wilt come.
Recall the vengeance owing to thy sires,
And give this unjust race its just reward."
Bizhan, considering the letter, saw
That insolent IMahwi would win the world,
Then spake thus to his minister : " Thou chief
Of upright men ! what sayest thou to this ?
If I lead forth a host to aid Mahwi
'Twill be my ruin here."^
The minister
Replied : " O lion-hearted warrior !
'Twcre shame to hclj) IMahwi and then withdraw. C. 2079
Command Barsam to set forth with a host
To aid upon this scene of strife. The sage
Will term thee daft to go and fight in person
At the insistence of this man of Sur."
Bizhan replied : " 'Tis well, I will not go
Myself."
He therefore bade Barsam to lead
Ten thousand valiant cavaliers and swordsmen
To IMarv with all the implements of war
If haply he might take the Shah. That host
Went like a flying pheasant from Bukhara
To Marv within one week. One night at cock-crow
The sound of tymbals went up from the plain.
How could the king of kings suspect Mahwi
Of Sur to be his enemy ? Shouts rose.
A cavalier reached Yazdagird at dawn
To say : " Mahwi saith thus : ' A host of Turks
Hath come. What is the bidding of the Shah ?
The Khan and the Faghfur of Chin command :
Earth is not able to support their host ! ' "
' Two couplets omitted.
VOL. IX G
98 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl
The Shah wroth donned his mail. The armies
ranged.^
He formed his troops to right and left, and all
Advanced to battle. Spear in hand he held
The centre, and the whole world was bedimmed
With flying dust. He saw how lustily
The Turks engaged, unsheathed his sword, and came.
As 'twere an elephant before his troops.
Earth Nile-wise flowed. Like thundering cloud he
charged.
But not a warrior supported him ;
All turned their backs upon that man of name,
And left him mid the horsemen of the foe.
The world's king, when IMahwi withdrew, perceived
The practice hid till then — the intent and plan
To capture him — yet played the man in light.
Displaying valour, strength, and warriorship.
Slew many at the centre, but at length
Fled in despair, with falchion of Kabul
In hand, pursued by many Turks. He sped
Like lightning mid night's gloom and spied a mill
On the canal of Zark^. Alighting there
The world's king lay in hiding from his foes
Within the mill. The horsemen searched for him ;
All Zark was hue and cry. The Shah abandoned
c. 2080 His gold-trapped steed, his mace, and scimitar
With golden sheath. The Turks with loud shouts
sought him,
Excited by that steed and equipage.
The Shah within the mill-house lurked in hay.
With this false Hostel thus it ever is :
The ascent is lofty and prolound the abyss.
With Yazdagird, while fortune slumbered not,
A throne enskied^ by heaven was his lot.
And now it was a mill ! Excess of sweet
> Couplet omitted. » See LEC, p. 400. • Reading with T.
YAZDAGTRD 99
IJrcd banc for him and, if thou art discreet.
Affect not this world for its end is ill.
Whiles a tame serpent to the touch it still
At whiles will bite, and hot that bite will be.
Why then affect this cozening hostelry
While like a drum the sional to be gone
Thou hearest, bidding : '' Bind the baggage on,
And for sole throne the grave's floor look upon ? "
With mouth untasting and with tearful eyes
The Shah abode until the sun arose,
xVnd then the miller oped the mill-house door.
lie bore a truss of grass upon his back.
A low-born-man was he, by name Khusrau,
Poor, foolish, unrespected, i)urposeless.
He lived upon the profits of his mill.
Which gave him full employment. He beheld
A warrior, like a lofty cypress, sitting
In dolour on the ground with kingly crown
Upon his head and with brocade of Rum
Bright on his breast ; his eyes a stag's, his chest
And neck a lion's ; of beholding him
The eye ne'er tired. He was unique in form ;
VV^ore golden boots ; his sleeves were fringed with
pearls
And gold. Khusrau looked, stood astound, and
called
On God, then said : " O man of sunlike mien !
Say in what sort thou camest to this mill ?
Why didst thou take it for thy resting-place
Full as it is of wheat and dust and hay ?
Who art thou with such form, such Grace and looks ?
Sure, heaven never saw the like of thee ! "
The Shah replied : " I am Iranian-born,
In flight before the armv of Tiiran."
The miller said, abashed : "I have no comrade
Save penury, but still, if barley -bread,
loo THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
With some poor cresses from the river-bank,
Will serve thee I will bring them ; naught have I
Besides : a man so straitened well may wail."
Throuoh stress of fiffht the Shah had rested not,
Or eaten, for three days and so replied : —
" Bring what thou hast, that and the sacred twigs
Will serve my turn."
c. 2081 The poor and lowly miller
Brought him the cresses and the barley-bread.
Made haste to fetch the sacred twigs and, reaching
The toll-house^ on the way, crossed to the chief
Of Zark to make request for them. Mahwi
Had sent men on all sides to find the Shah,
And so the chieftain asked the miller : " Friend !
, For whom need'st thou the sacred twigs ? "
Khusrau
Replied : " There is a warrior at the mill,
And seated on the hay, a cypress slim
In height, a sun in looks, a man of Grace,
With eyebrows arched and melancholy eyes :
His mouth is full of sighs, his soul is sad.
I set stale fare before him — barley-bread.
Such as I eat myself — but he is fain
To take the sacred twigs while nmttering grace. -
Thou well mayst muse at him."
The chief rejoined : —
" Go and inform Mahwi of Sur hereof,
For that foul miscreant must not reveal
His proper bent when he shall hear of this."'
Forthwith he charged a trusty man to take
' The tcll-house was at the ford or ferry. The same word
might also mean a place of worship and accordingly Mohl or rather
his successor (see p. 37 note) translates : — " II se rcndit au lieu 011
etait I'oratoire ct fit prevenir aussitot le chef de Zark qu'on liii
dcmandait le Barsom."
^ See Vol. i., p. 80 s.v. Bdj.
' I.e. if subsequently he should learn that we knew and did
not tell him.
YAZDAGIRD loi
The miller to Malnvi who asked ol' liini,
Then anxious for himself ; " For whom didst thou
Require the saered twigs ? Tell me the truth."
The miller all a-tremble made rei)ly : —
" I had been out to fetch a load and flung
The mill-door open roughly, when knoAv this :
The sun was in mine eyes, but his are like
Those of a startled fawn ; his locks are dark
As the third watch of night ; his breath suggesteth
Musk, and his face embellisheth his crown.
One that hath never seen the Grace of God
Should take the mill-house key. His diadem
Is full of uncut jewels, and his breast
Bright with brocade of Rum. The mill hath grown
As 'twere a sun through him, and yet his food
Is barley-bread, his seat upon the hay !
' Spring,' thou wouldst say, ' in Paradise is he :
No thane e'er set so tall a cypress-treej.' "
§10
How Mdliivi of Stir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird, and
Jioiv the Architnages counselled Mdhivi to forbear
Now when Mahw'i had taken thought he knew : —
" 'Tis none but Yazdagird ! " and bade the miller : —
" Haste and cut off his head forthwith or I
Will cut thine own off presently and leave c. 2082
None of thy stock alive."
The chiefs, the nobles,
And mighty men heard this and all the assembly
Were filled with wrath at him ; their tongues were
charged
I02 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI
With words, their eyes with tears. An archimagc,
By name Radwi, whose mind wore wisdom's bridle,
Said to Mahwi : " O thou mahgnant one !
Why hath the Div confused thine eyes ? This know :
The royal and prophetic offices
Are two gems set within one finger-ring.
To break one is to trample life and wisdom
Beneath thy feet. Reflect upon thy words,
And then forbear. Be not the Maker's foe.
First will disaster come on thee herefrom.
Then thou wilt leave a seed-plot for thy child,
With fruit of colocynth and leafage blood.
Ere long thou wilt behold thy head abased ;
Thy villainy will be exposed ; thy sons
Will reap what thou hast sown. This deed of thine
Will wreck the Faith of God, and crown and throne
Will curse thee."
Then a devotee devout.
Who never put his hand forth to injustice,
By name Hurmuzd, son of Kharrad, a man
Who rested in the Faith, said to Mahwi : —
" O thou oppressor ! quit not thus the way
Of holy God. I see thy heart and sense
Bedimmed. We see thy breast a tomb. Though
strong
Thou hast no brain ; thy mind is weak ; thou seekest
The smoke and not the fire. I see that thou
Wouldst have the malediction of the world.
And, when thou quit'st it, travail, smart, and anguish.
Now will thy lifetime prove a wretched one.
And fire thy dwelling-place when thou de})artest."
He sat. Shahran rose and addressed Mahwi : —
" Why this audacity ? Thou hast opposed
The king of kings and cottoned with the Khan
And the Faghfur. Full many of this race
Have proved of no account yet men ne'er hasted
YAZDAGIRD 103
To slay them. Shed not, as tlioii art a slave,
The blood of Shahs because thou wilt be cursed
Till Dooiusday/'
This he said, and sat down weeping
In anguish with heart full and eyes all gall.
Then Mihr-i-Niish stood forth in deep distress,
With lamentation, and addressed ]Mahwi : —
" O evil man of evil race, who art
Not well advised or just ! a crocodile
llespecteth royal blood, a leopard finding
A slain king doth not rend him. O thou worse
In love and instinct than the beasts of prey !
Thou covetcst the Shah's crown ! When Jamshid
Was slaughtered by Zahhak did that affect C. 20S3
Heaven's will ? Nay, when Zahhak had won the earth
Abtin appeared, the glorious Faridun
Was born, the fashion of the world was changed.
And thou hast heard what tyrannous Zahhak
Brought on himself as sequel of his crimes,
For though he lived above a thousand years
Still in the end the avenger came to him.
Then, secondly, W'hen Tur, the exalted one,
Afflicted by his longing for Iran,
Slew in his folly virtuous fraj,
On whom the very dust looked pitjingly.
Dispatched him^ to the hero Faridun,
And gave the world to sorrow, Minuchihr,
One of the race, appeared and undid all
Those bonds. When, thirdly, princely Siyawush
Went forth to war, albeit reluctantly,
Afriisiyab, inspired by Garsiwaz,
Washed sliame and honour from his mind and wits.
And slew the youthful and right royal prince,
So that the world became his enemy.
Sprung from that i)rince the world-lord Kai Khusrau
' His head, according to the story. See Vol. i., p. 202.
I04 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
Canic and filled all the world with hubbub, clave
Asunder with his scimitar his grandsirc,i
And frayed all those that else had sought revenge.
The fourth count is the feud against Arjasp,
The slayer of Luhrasp. Asfandiyar
Went forth to fight with him and took swift wreak.
Fifth, is the vengeance ta'en for Shah Hurmuzd.
Khusrau Parwiz, whenas he felt confirmed
In heart and power, dealt in the way we know
Both with Bandwi and Gustaham. The sky,
Which then revolved, revolveth still. ^ Forgetting
What they had done for him, when his sire's blood
And love and family appealed to him,
He in his day of strength abated theirs.^
One may not scorn the occasion of revenge,
For such a time will quickly come to thee.
And thou wilt suffer for thine evil thoughts.
Thy son will reap what thou hast sown, and fate
Will not rest long from vengeance ; so refrain
From all this treasure-hoard, this heritage
Of crown and precious things. Thou art revolting
Because the Div enjoineth, and abjuring
The way of God. The Div, as thou wilt learn,
Is tempting thee with things not for thine honour.
Burn not thy soul and body in Hell-fire :
Dim not this world-illuming crown but gather
Thy scattered troops ; recant what thou hast said ;
Go ask the Shah to pardon thee and when
Thou seest him renew thy fealty.
From there prepare to battle with the foe ;
Be instant both in counsel and excuse.
For not to hearken to the words of sages
Will mark thee out as evil in both worlds.
Men bring to naught things done a da}^ too late.
' Afrdsiyab, whose daughter Farangfs married Siyavviish.
* I.e. history repeats itself. ' Vol. viii., pp. 354, 358.
YAZDAGIRD 105
Wilt thou treat Yazdagird, the king of kings,
\Vorse than niahgnant Turks, for in the fray
He is a Uon, on the throne a Shah
As bright as sun and moon, a memory
Of the Sasanians ? None is oirdle-oirt
Like him. From sire to sire his ancestors
Were mighty men and compassers of wisdom
From Niishh-wan, the Shah, back to Ardshir,
AVhilc, seventh backward from Ardshir, Sasan,
The world-lord, had the crown, ^ for God entrusted
To him the Kaian crown, and all the kings
W^ere of that glorious race. Now many a man
Hath been thy better, but they ne'er conceived
Designs like these. As for Bahram Chubhia,
Three hundred thousand skilful cavaliers
On barded steeds fled at one shaft of his,'^
And left the field of fight to him ; but when
His heart grew weary of the race of Shahs
The head of his resplendent fortune fell.
So Fara} in, who sought the throne of kings
Unworthily and bathed his hands in blood.
Was in like manner miserably slain :
This age endureth not such mockeries.
Fear Him, the Lord, the Maker of the world.
For He created throne and crown and signet.
Defame not thine own person w'antonly
Because ere long such things will rise against thee.
Know that whoever speaketh not the truth
To thee is thy soul's foe. Now thou art sick
W^iile I am as the leech, a leech that waileth,
» De jure not de facto. The first Sdsan, here referred to, was
the son of Dara and after his father's overthrow by Sikandar took
refuge in obscurity. Several generations later a descendant of
his of the same name became the fathei of Ardshir Piipakan — the
founder of the Sdsdnian Dynasty. The Sasanians, naturally sought
to connect themselves with the old line of the I'crsian monarchy, with
the Achaemenids in history and with the Kaidnians in legend. CJ.
Vol. vi., Y>. 199.
•See Vol. viii., p. 126.
io6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSf
And shcddeth drops of blood. Thou art thyself
Less than the slave of slaves. Be not ambitious
In thy heart's thoughts. Leave strife to holy God,
And seek in honour's way the throne of greatness."
The sh(^j)licrd-borni had set his heart uj)on
The throne : the arehimages' rede was hard.
So hath it ever been ; 'tis no new thing :
The flouts of fortune are past reckoning,
Exalting to the sky above this one.
And making that vile, wretehed, and undone,
Not leagued with that, on war with this not bent.
But void of wit, shame. Faith, and precedent.
The archmages all, till the world gloomed and moon
Succeeded sun, warned that vindictive man,
Who was not one hair better for their talk.
And said when night came : "Ye must leave me now
::. 2085 O sages ! I will ponder this to-night,
And take all kinds of wisdom to my breast.
We will call twenty wise men from the host
That we may need not to deplore this ill."
The prudent arehimages went their ways,
The men of war arrived. Mahwi held session
With his confederates 2 and said : " What think ye
Herein ? If Yazdagird remain alive
Troops will collect to him from every side ;
My secret purposes have been exposed.
And all, both great and small, have heard thereof !
My life will end through his hostility.
And neither folk nor field and fell be left."
A wise man said : " Thou shouldest not have acted
At first so. If the monarch of Iran
Be ill-disposed toward thee then past doubt
111 will befall thee from him, yet 'tis ill
To shed his blood for then God will avenge him.
To left and right are cares and pains of all kinds :
'I.e. Mahwi. Cf. p. 87. » Reading with P.
YAZDAGIRD 107
Consider how thou nccd'st niiist. act herein.""
Maliwi's son said to him : "" Well counselled sire !
Since thou hast made the Sliah thine enemy
Be rid of him ; troo})s from Maehin and Chin
Will come to him and earth grow strait for us.
Hold this no trifle. Since thou hast })revailed
Tempt not the maws of lions. Thou and all
Thy host will be iii)rooted from the world
If standard-wise the Shah's skirt be unfurrd."
§11
Hoiv Yazdagird teas slain hij Khusrau, the Miller
Thereat the shameless, infamous Mahwi
Turned fiercely to the miller, saying : " Up !
Take cavaliers and shed my foeman's blood."
The miller, hearing, knew not what to do.
But when at night the moon assumed her throne
Departed mill-ward to the Shah and when
He left the court-gate of Mahwi his eyes
Were charged with tear-drops and his heart was full.
Forthwith Mahwi dispatched some cavaliers
To follow swift as smoke, instructing them : —
" See that ye sully not the crown and earrings.
The signet and the royal robes with blood.
And strip the Shah when lifeless."
With his eyes
All tearful and cheeks yellow as the sun
The miller went, exclaiming : " Judge almighty.
Who art above the processes of time !
Wring presently his heart and soul for this C. 2086
Abhorred behest ! "
W'ith heart all shame and qualm,
io8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
With wetted cheeks and tongue all charged with dust,
He reached the Shah and drawing nigh with caution.
As one would speak a secret in the ear.
Stabbed with a dirk his middle. At the blow
The Shah cried : " Ah ! " Then tumbled head and
crown.
And barley-bread before him, to the dust !
He that abideth when he might depart
From this world hath no wisdom in his heart,
And wisdom is not in the turning sky.
Whose love is as its stress and enmity.
'Tis well to look not on the world and so
From these its doings love and wrath not know.
The planets weary of their fosterlings,
And guiltless folk like Yazdagird are slain ;
None else hath perished thus of all the kings,
Nor of his host a plier of the rein.
The horsemen of accursed Mahwi, on seeing
That royal Tree thus laid to rest afar
From palace and his scenes of ease, drew near,
Gazed, one and all, upon his face, removed
His cincture, violet robe, and coronet.
His torque and golden boots, and left him there
In miserable case upon the ground —
The monarch of Iran flung on the dust,
Blood-boltered, with gashed side !^ Those emissaries.
When they arose, all framed their tongues to curse : —
" Oh ! may Mahwi himself fare, prostrate thus.
All gory on earth's face."
They told Mahwi :—
" The exalted Shah hath passed away from throne.
From battle and delights," and he commanded
To take, when it was night, the monarch's corpse.
And fling it in the stream. The miller took
The body of the Shah forth from the mill,
' Reading the couplet that follows here two couplets lower.
YAZDAGIRD 109
And flung it (mark the horror !) in the water, 1
And there it floated with a bobbing head l^
AVheu it was day and people went abroad
Two men of worship visited the spot.
One of these men austere and sober reached
The river-bank and, when he saw the eorpse
All naked in the water, hurried back
In consternation to the monastery.
And told the other monks what he had seen : —
" The Shah, the master of the world, is drowned,
And naked in the water-way of Zark ! "
Then many of those holy men — the chief
And others of all ranks — set forth. A cry
Of anguish rose from them : " O noble man, c. 2087
And royal crown-possessor ! none e'er saw
The wearer of it in such plight as this,
Or ever heard before the time of Christ
A case like this king's through his wicked slave,
This misbegotten dog, this reprobate,
AVho fawned upon his master till ill came ;
Mahwi's just portion is to be accursed.
Woe for the head and crown, the height and mien !
Woe for the breast and arms, the hands and mace !
Woe for the last descendant of Ardshir !
Woe for that cavalier so young and goodly !
Strong wast thou ; thou hadst wisdom in thy soul.
And thou hast gone to bear the news hereof
To Niishirwan that, though thy face was moonlike.
And though thou wast a king and soughtest crowns,
Yet in the mill they pierced thy liverstead,
And flung thy naked body in the stream ! "^
Four of the monks went stri[)ped into the water.
Seized the bare body of the youthful king,
• Thus, if we interpret the passage by strict Zoroastrian princi-
ples, polluting one of the elements and adding sacrilege to regicide,
bate/. Vol. iv., p. 129.
' Couplet omitted. ' Three couplets omitted.
no THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
That grandson of the world-lord Nushirwan,
And drew it to the bank while young and old
Lamented greatly. They prepared for him
Within the garth a charnel-house and raised
Its summit to the clouds. They sealed his wound
With gum, with pitch, with camphor, and with musk,
And then arrayed him in brocade of gold.
With fine Egyptian linen underneath.
And dark-blue Russian cloth o'er all. They decked
His place of rest with wine and gum and camphor.
With musk and with rose-water.
When the form
Was hidden of that noble Cypress-tree
What said that honoured thane of Marv ? "In secret
A guerdon waiteth him that after travail
Departeth with good conscience from the world."
Another said : " Though man may laugh, yet know
That he is of the sufferers, for he
Will find the falseness of the turning sky,
Which will reveal to him both rise and fall."
Another said : " Call not him one of wit
That serveth his own form with princes' blood.
And seeketh wealth, despite of infamy.
With soul unf earful of an evil end."
Another said : " Since the Shah's lips are closed
I see not crown or royal seat or signet.
Or courtiers or a realm or diadem.
Or throne or helmet, and if these possess
No moment in themselves why this expense
Of toil and time ? "
2088 " Thy good report, I sec,"
Another said, " will win thee worthy praise.
Thou in the garth of Paradise didst set
A cypress : now thy soul beholdcth it."
Another said : "God took thy soul and gave
Thy body to the care of the devout.
YAZDAGIRD iii
Hereby thy soul is lirofited, hereby
\\\\\ harm betide the foe. The Shah hath now
His work in Paradise ; his foenian's soul
Is on the road to Hell."
Another said : —
" Wise, knowledge-loving Shah sprung from Ardshir !
Thou reapest now the erop that thou didst sow :
The lamp of sovereignty is still alight."
Another said : " Though thou'rt asleep, young king!
Thy spirit is awake. Thy lips are mute.
And with full many a groan thy spirit passed
And left thy body free. Thy work is done :
Thy soul is busy now. Thy foenian's head
Is on the stake. Although thy tongue is tied
Thy spirit speaketh, and thy soul is purged
Although thy form is pierced, while if thy hand
Have dropped the reins thy spirit still will wield
The spear in battle."
Said another one : —
" O famous warrior ! thou hast departed
With thine own works as guide. Th}^ royal seat
Is now in Paradise ; this earth of bale
Is now another's share."
" The man that slew
One such as thee," another said, " will look
Upon harsh days anon."
The prelate said : —
" Thy slaves are we and laud thy holy soul.
lie this, thy charnel, as a garth all tulips.
This bier thine upland and thy plain of joy."
They spake, took up the bier and carried it
From waste to mausoleum. Thither came
The hapless Shah, crown, throne, and casque at end.
O man of many years, whose words still run !
Turn from the path of greed, break off thy strain.
What shall we say hereof ? Was justice done.
112 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSt
Or vengeance by the seven planets ta'en,
On Yazdagird ? The sage, if unresolved
Upon the point, could make me no reply,
Or if he spake 'twould be in words involved
That keep the answer still a mystery.
If thou hast means, good man ! indulge thy heart ;
Trust not to what the morrow promiseth,
Because the world and thou perforce must part.
And time accounteth for thine every breath;
Thou shouldest sow not any save good seed
In what remaineth of thy mortal strife ;
Control the door of appetite and greed ;
He that provided will provide through life.
And life itself will but produce for thee
Fair fame and happiness, good friend ! Then still
2089 With all thy might eschew iniquity.
For from a wise man should proceed no ill.
Bring wine ; our day is nearly o'er and hence
We must away, for what hath been will be.
Had I incomings balancing expense
Then time would be a brother unto me.
The hail this year like death on me hath come.
Though death itself were better than the hail,
And heaven's lofty, far-extending dome
Hath caused my fuel, wheat, and sheep to fail.
§12
IIow Mdhioi of Sur was informed of the Obsequies'^ of
Yazdagird and ascended the Throne
One came and told Mahwi of Sur : " The world-lord
Is hidden in the dust. The prelates, priests,
' " Slaying " in the text.
YAZDAGIRD 113
And monks ol" Rum- all those of life austere,
Both young and old, throughout that mareh and
land —
Went wailing, took his body from the stream,
And made for him within the garth a charnel —
A great one, higher than the mountain-slopes."^
IMahwi, that hiekless wretch, exclaimed : " Iran
Had ne'er before affinity with Rum."
He sent and slew the builders of that charnel,
With those that mourned, and gave that march to
spoil.
Such was his will and worth ! Thereafter he
Made search throughout the world and found not one
Of that great stock. He had a croAvn and signet,
The Shah's erewhile, and to that shepherd-born
The throne appealed. He called his intimates.
Announced the piu-pose that he had at heart.
And told his minister : " Experienced man !
The day of strife and battle is upon us.
I have no treasure, fame or lineage.
And may but give my head up to the winds.
The name that is upon my signet-ring
Is Yazdagird : my scimitar hath failed
To make men yield to me. Throughout Iran
Men are his slaves although his kin is scattered.
The sages do not hail me as the Shah,
The soldiers do not recognise my seal.
My machinations tended otherwise.
Oh ! wherefore did I shed the world-king's blood ?
All nitiht am I sore-troubled in mv thoughts :
The World-lord knoweth how it is with me."
The counsellor replied : " The thing is done.
And connnon talk. Act for thine own behoof.
For thou hast burst thy belt. The Shah is dust C. 2090
Within the charnel ; dust hath healed his soul.
» Reading with P.
VOL. IX H
114 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi
Call round thee all the world-experienced men,
And set thy tongue to words of pleasantness.
Say thus : ' The Shah gave me the crown and signet
As emblems of authority, perceiving
The coming of an army from the Turks,
Called me at dead of night, and said : " When bruit
Of war ariseth who can say which side
The dust will be, so take this crown and ring.
For they may help thee on the day of battle.
I have one daughter only left to me :
In truth she is in hiding from the Arabs.
Hereafter yield not to the foe my throne,
And by these tokens walk thou in my steps."
I have then from the Shah as legacy
This crown and in accord to his behest
Am sitting on the throne.' By this device
Give thou thine acts a gloss for who will know
The truth from falsehood ? "
" Good ! " exclaimed Mahwi,
" Thou art a minister — a peerless one ! "
He summoned all the captains of the host,
And spake at large to them to that efTect.
They knew : " It is not true, and well it were
To cut his head off for his shamelessness."
A paladin observed : " 'Tis thy concern
If what thou say est be the truth or not."
He heard and sat him down upon the throne.
By his deceit gat hold of Khurasan,
Distributed the earth among his chiefs,
And said : " I am the world's king with the signet.'
lie called his kin and said the same at large ;
He took the whole earth as it were a gift ;
The stars were in amaze at him. He chose
The vicious as accorded to his nature,
Debased the sages and made everywhere
Chiefs of the bad. The head of right was humbled.
YAZDAGIRD 115
And knavery on all sides manifest.
lie gave his cider son Balkli and Ilarat,
And sent troops to each quarter. As his host
And treasures grew the heart of that ingrate
Was gratified. He gave his troops rewards
And put them in good case ; he filled the heads
Of his own kith and kin with vapourings.
Then with his troops and valiant warriors,
Preceded by the scouts and Garsiyim —
A veteran chief — they marched upon Bukhara,
Intent on war, for " Chach and Samarkand
Are ours," Mahwi said, " and they must be made
The captives of this crown and seal, for so
Did Yazdagird, king of the world, command — C. 2091
Chief of the planets seven. With the sword
Will I take vengeance on Bizhan by whom
The fortune of earth's king w^as turned to gloom."
§13
How Bizhan, hearinq of the Slaying of Yazdagird and
of Mdhwi of Siir^s Accession to the Throne, led
forth the Host to fight with him
In time news reached Bizhan : " Mahwi hath seized
The throne of might and everywhere imposeth
His seal and signet ; earth accei)tcth him,
And now with warlike troops his face is turned
Toward the .lihun for battle."
" Who bestowed
The sianct on him ? " asked Bizhan, and one
Acquainted him with all : " When thou didst reach
The desert of Farab, and fortune's lips
Were closed to good and ill, there parted hence
ii6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt
To him a force of haughty cavaUers
In quest of fame, for he had said : ' If thou
Wilt send me troops I will dispatch to thee
By privy pact the crown of king of kings
With golden throne and signet. In the world
The sovereignty is fitly thine.' Thy troops
Went hence in haste and found the Shah at Marv.
They compassed him about. The Iranians fled.
When that wise king was left alone he feared
That ill might come upon him from the host.
There was a certain mill upon the ford.
And thither went the Shah, a sun in Grace.
Mahwi of Sur heard of him, sent and slew him.
And through the royal signet gained the world
When he had slain his master. Now the more })art
Of praise and blame in this affair is thine,
Thine were the valiant horsemen and the strife."
Barsam said thus : " O king ! what time^ I took
A mounted force from Chach- Mahwi had said
To thee : ' The golden throne of Yazdagird,
His armlets set with gems, his crown withal
And treasure, will I send to Balkh. The throne
And crown within the world must needs be thine.'
I fought three days at Marv^ When on the fourth
The world's light shone I battled furiously,
For I was pressed. Tyrannical Mahwi
Displayed his back. The Iranian king of kings,
Abandoned, like a furious lion charged
c. 2092 My troops and slaughtered many of my chiefs.
But, when he had no comrades left, he too
Displayed his back ; but how that master -slayer.
That faithless slave, ])ut him to death I know not.
Thus with no toil Mahwi obtained and used
His master's treasures. Then the miscreant,
Becoming dazed by so much wealth, appeared,
» Reading with P. » Couplet omitted.
YAZDAGIRD 117
Thou mightcst say, as if he ne'er had seen me !
Although my troops remained two months at ]\Iarv
lie gave us no kind look but put to death.
And privily, his lord, so great a king.
The lustre ol' the world, a cavalier
That 'raiseth o'er the orbit of the moon
His head amidst the host ' thou wouldst have said.
No Turk encountered and escaped his mace :
He broke oin- nobles' hearts. I have not seen
Such breastplate, hand, and mace. ISIahwi thus
furnished
Seized on the realm in this unholy wise.
Now that the foe in arms invadeth thee
Thou and thine army must be up and doing.
Let not weeds blossom in the royal garden
Or it will be forgotten."
Hearing this,
Bi/han raged much at having helped to dim
The fortune of the Shah, then bade assemble
Ilis host of Turks, his horsemen of the day
Of battle, sped forth from Kachar Bashi,
And lost no time upon the road. Wheiuis
He drew anear Bukhara all the waste
Was covered with his troops to whom he said : —
" Haste not and let Mahwi be first to lead
His host across the water^ to contend
^Vilh me. Perchance on him I may avenge
The Shah."
He asked thereafter : " Did the king
liCave no availful child ? Had he no brother ?
Tn the default of sons had he no daughter,
Whom we might carry with us and assist,
And take full satisfaction of Mahwi ? "
Barsam replied : " My lord ! this race's day
Is passed ; the Arabs hold those provinces ;
• The Oxus.
ii8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUS!
No Shah is left or worshipper of Fire."
Bizhan, on hearing this, resumed his march,
Astound at this world's doings. Scouts announced : —
" A host hath come and campeth at Baigand.
They crossed in boats, their dust obscured the sun."
Bizhan, the chief, led on his troops to war,
And when Mahwi of Sur beheld them thou
c. 2093 Hadst said : " His soul took flight." He was in
dudgeon
At all those breastplates, helmets, shields of Chin,
At all those maces, spears, and battle-axes
Of Chach. The air grew dark and earth was lost
To sight therein as he arrayed his host.
§14
How Mdhivi of Silr was taken and slain by Order of
Bizhan
Bizhan, when he had drawn up his array,
Prepared an ambush for the Iranians ;
Mahwi knew of it and with loud exclaims
Departed from among his troops. Bizhan
Looked forth, beheld the flag, and knew : " Mahwi
Is minded to take flight," and bade Barsam : —
" Lead from the central host what troops thou hast,
And draw toward one side ; we must not let
Mahwi decline the battle and haste thus
Jihun-wards. Speed and keep him well in sight.
For we nmst deal with him in other wise."
Barsam of Chin observed the flag and drew
His troops apart until with frowning face.
And malisons upon his lips, he reached
The desert of Farab, there found Mahwi,
YAZDAGIRD 119
And, with his weight upon the stirrups, charged ;
Then, closing face to face, he j)Hcd his sword,
Disphiying valour, seized his I'oenian's belt,
Unseated him and dashed him to the ground.
Alighted, bound his hands, and then remounting
Drove him along in front. With that came up
Barsam's own comrades, and the bruit of him
Filled all the plain. They said : " O chief ! iNIahwi
Should be beheaded on the w-ay."
He answered : —
" Not so ; Bizhan as yet is not informed
About the capture."
Presently Bizhan
Gat new^s : " That ill-conditioned slave is taken,"
Heard and grew glad of heart. He hugged himself.
And thus released from care roared lion-like.
Then many valiant Turks came and discussed
The fashion of the slaying of Mahwi.
All that they recognised as of his court
They put to death — a countless multitude.
Thev looted all the baggage and dragged off
Mahwi stripped bare of all. The guilty wretch
Lost all his wdts when he beheld Bizhan,
Was as a soulless body w'ith affright, c. 2094
And strewed upon his head the unstable sand.
Bizhan said : " O thou miscreant ! may none have
A slave like thee ! Why didst thou put to death
That righteous Shah, the lord of victory
And throne, and by ancestral right both Shah
And king, the memory of Niishirwan ? "
Mahwi made answer thus : " The evil-doer
Can look for naught but slaying and reproach.
Now smite my neck for wrong done and fling dow^n
My head in presence of this com})any."
The other gave reply : "I will so act
That I shall banish vengeance from my heart,"
55
I20 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl
Struck off Miihwi's hand with the scimitar,
And said : " This hand hath not a peer in crime.
The hand thus lopped, he said : " Cut oIT his feet
That he may not escape," and further bade : —
Cut off his nose and ears, let him be placed
Upon a horse out on the burning sand
Until he sleepeth in his shame."
The}' bound him
From head to foot with cords, the clarions sounded,
A herald went the circuit of the host,
And, as he passed the entry of the tents.
Made proclamation : " Slaves that slay your masters !
Indulge no foolish thoughts, and may all those
Without compmiction for a monarch's life
Be as Mahwi and never see the throne."
There was a prince, by name Guraz, at once
The glory and the pleasure of Mahwi.
He was the governor of Marv what time
Mahwi died wretchedly. As eldest son
He was his father's lustre, who had made
A crown of gold for him. When fortune loured
Upon Mahwi the horsemen rode to Marv
From all sides. Tumult spread. The war-cry rose.
And strife and turmoil filled the land. Guraz
Was slain mid those dark doings, and the day
Of all his race was done. He had three sons
Among his troops, three favourite sons possessed
Of crown and throne. A lofty pyre was kindled.
And he and his three sons were burned thereon.
None of the seed remained or if some did
Men harried them. The chieftains cursed that race.
All vengeful for the slaughter of the Shah : —
" May it be cursed and may there never fail
A man to curse it as it hath deserved."
Bizhan, the Turk, too was an evil-doer.
Ilis own time came, his wisdom was estranged.
YAZDAGIRD 121
And I have heard that he grew mad at last,
And was so till he slew himself. Well done, c. 2o<ji
Thou still revolving, erook-baeked sky ! Since tlien
Hath been the e})oeh of 'Umar, made known
The Faith, and to a pulpit changed the throne.
§15
Account of the Completion of the Shdhndma
When five and sixty years had passed me by
I viewed my task with more anxiety,
And as my yearning to achieve it grew
My fortune's star receded from my view.
Persians well read and men of high degree
Wrote all my work out and would take no fee.
I over-looked from far, and thou hadst said
That they had rather handselled me instead !
Naught but their praises had I for my part.
And while they praised I had a broken heart.
The mouths of their old money-bags were tied.
Whereat mine ardent heart was mortified.
Of famous nobles of this town 'Ali,
The Dilamite,! most shared the work with me.
For he, a man of ardent temper made.
Through kindliness of soul forwent no aid.
Husain, son of Kutib, a Persian lord.
Asked me for naught without its due reward,
But furnished gold and silver, clothes and meat,
And found me ways and means, and wings and feet.
As for taxation, naught thereof know I ;
All at mine ease in mine own quilt I lie.
' In Vol. i., p. 35, the names arc given according to the reading
of BCM.
122 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI
What time my years attained to ten times seven
And one my poetry surmounted heaven.
For five and thirty years I bore much pain
Here in this Wayside Inn in quest of gain,
But all the five and thirty years thus past
Naught helped ; they gave my travail to the blast,
And my hopes too have gone for evermore
Now that mine age all but hath reached fourscore.
I end the story of Shah Yazdagird,
And in Sapandarmad, the day of Ard,
And year four hundred of Muhammad's Flight,
The last words of this royal book I write.
For ever flourishing be Shah Mahmud,
His head still green, his heart with joy imbued.
I have so lauded him that publicly
And privily my words will never die.
Of praises from the Great I had much store ;
The praises that I give to him are more.
May he, the man of wisdom, live for aye.
His doings turn to his content alway.
This tale of sixty thousand couplets I
Have left to him by way of memory.
2096 My life from days of youth to eld hath sped
In talk and hearkening what others said.
When this, my famous tale, was done at last
O'er all the realm my reputation past.
All men of prudence, rede, and Faith will give
Applause to me when I have ceased to live.
Yet live I shall ; the seed of words have I
Flung broad-cast and henceforth I shall not die.
The Shahnama of Firdausi is ended.
INDEX
This Index and the Table of Contents at the beginning of the
volume are complementary. References to the latter are in
Roman numerals.
Arab, Arabs, booty found by, at
Ctcsiphon (?), 68
annex Mesopotamia, 68
Khuzistan, 68
= 'Umar, 72
seal, 82
=Sa'ad, 84
defeated, 85
Niishfrwan's dream of, 92
Arabian, Arabians, 74, 85
Arabic, 81
Archmages, viii
Ard, day, 70, 122
Ardshir Papakan, first Sasanian
SMh, 105, 109, III
Ardshfr, son of Shirwi, Sh4h,
vii, 43 seq.
makes Piriiz general, 44
entertains Piriiz at feast,
48
death of, 49
treasury of, squandered by
Guraz, 53
Arish, famous franian archer, 25
Arjasp, king of Turan, 104
Armani, Iranian chief, 74
'Arus, treasure, 20
Arwand (Tigris), river, 85, 92
Asfandiyir, son of Shdh Gush-
t^p, 25, 26 note, 104
Ashtad, franian chief, 1 1 seq.
chosen to visit Khusrau
Parwiz at Taisafiin, 9
and Kharrdd parley with
Galinush, 11
visit Khusrau Parwiz,
12
report to Shirwf, 27
Astrolabe, 73
Abbreviations, list of. xi
Abtin, father of Faridiin, 53, 103
Abii Bakr, Khalifa, 76
begins war with Persian
Empire, 66
Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, 66
supersedes Khdlid in Syria,
66
Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, 67
made commander in Persian
campaign, 67
slain, 67
Afrdsiyab, ruler of Turan, 25,
103
Ahriman, the Evil Principle, 8,
18, 73. 74. 79, 91
Al, place, 93
Alburz, Mount, 25
'All, the Dilamite, friend of Fir-
dausi, 121
Altuniya, place, 92
Amul, city in Mazandardn, 86
Apologue, 86
Apothegms, 87, 88, no
Arab, Arabs, 3, 5, 25, 60, 69, 70,
72, 75 seq., 79, 89, 92,
94, seq., 114, 117
invasion of fran by, 3, 65
seq.
steeds, 1 1
tribes, 65
triumph of, over Dhu Kar,
66
chieftain, incites Abu Bakr
to invade Persia, 66
concentrate at Kddisfya, 67
123
124
INDEX
Astrologer, 73
Azar, month and day. 17
Azar, AbMagan (Azargashasp
q.v.), 74
Azargashasp, spirit of tlic light-
ning. 55
temple of (Azar Abadagan)
at Shiz (Takht-i-Salai-
m^n) in Azarbaijan, 75
Azarmdukht, Shah, viii, 56, 50,
69
reproaches Kubad, 7
end of, 59, 60
B
Babylon, 65, 92
Zahh4k, king of, 65
Bactrian, camels, 93
Bad Awar, treasure, 20
Baghdad, Persian settlement of,
67
raided by Arabs, 67
Baghdad, citj' (C/. Vol. viii, p.
109 note), 88
Yazdagird quits, 88
Bahrain, group of islands in
Persian Gulf, 68
Bahram Chubina, frdnian hero,
6, 15, 16, 22, 91, 105
assassination of, referred
to. 4
Romance of, 5
Bahrdm Gur, Shdh, 26, 77
Baigand, city and fortress
between Bukhara and
Oxus,
Mahwi encamps at, 118
Balkh, city, 116
bestowed by Mdhwi on his
son, 115
Bandwf, maternal uncle of Khus-
rau Parwiz 4
execution of, referred to, 4,
16, 104
B4rbad, minstrel, vii, 29 and
note
visits Khusrau I'arwiz in
prison, 29
lament of, 30
Barda', city on the borders of
Azarbaijan and Armenia,
15
Barsam, general of Bizlian 97.
117
marches on Marv, 97, liG
M^hwi's conduct to, 117
pursues and overtakes
Mahwi, 118
captures Mahwi, 119
Bartas, region in Turkistan, 19
Barzfn, father of Kharrid, 4, 9,
12, 27
Basra (Bassora), city on the
Shatt-el-Arab, 68, 69
founded by 'Umar, 67
Battle of the Bridge, 5, 67
Bizhan, Kh4n of Turks, viii, 70,
96
M4hwf writes to, 96
consults his minister, 97
sends troops to Marv, 97
M^hwi makes war on, 115
nic rches against Mahwi. 117
lays ambush for Mahwi, 118
sends Barsim in pursuit of
Mahwi, 118
hears of Malawi's capture,
119
puts Mihwi to death, 120
goes mad and kills himself,
120, 121
Brahman, 21
Bridge, Battle of the, 5, 67
Bukhara, city on the ZarafshAn
river in the province of
Sughd, 97, 115, 117
Bust, city in SistAn, 89
Ci^,SAR, 10, 23
letter of, about the True
Cross referred to, 22
Chdch (Tashkand), city in TiirAn,
115, 116
battle-axes of, 118
Chahram (Jahram), city in PArs
29, 61
INDEX
125
Chin country (often =Tuidn), 10,
19, 41, 107, 118
sashes from, 12, 53
gold thread of, 82
Khdn of, 87
merchantmen of, 89
shields of, 118
Christ, 24, 109
Cross of, 23
Christian, 23
Commander of the Faithful, 72
'Umar, the first. 72 and note
Contents Table of, vii
Cross, the true, 4, 5, 10, 24
restoration of, 7, 56
of Christ, 23
Elevation of, 43
Crystal, House of, 25 and note
Ctesiphon (Taisafun q.v.), 65
seq.
taken by Shahrbardz, 43, 44
Sa'ad, 67
booty found at, 68
D
Dahistan, town, also district
north cf the Atrak. 95
Dai, day, 17
DAng, coin, 94 and note
Darkness, House of, 7
Dastagird, city, 7
Dliu Kdr, Battle of, 4, 5, 66
Dilamite, 'All the, friend of Fir-
dausi, 121
Div, divs, 18, 25
= Ahriman, 47, 102, 104
Egyptian, no
linen, no
FaghfiJr of Chfn, 87, 97, 102
Faithful, Commander of the, 72
'Umar, the first, 72 and note
Farab (Firabr), town on the
Oxus opposite to Amwi,
desert cf, 115, 118
Fardyin (Gurdz, Shahrbardz^.w.),
Shdh, vii, 50, 53, 105
accession-speech of, 52
counselled by his eldest son,
52
counselled by his youngest
son, 53
misrule of, 53
plot against, 54
Faridiin, Shah, 25, 39, 53, 71,
86, 103
Farruhdn (Farrukhan). See Far-
ay in.
Farrukhdn (Farruhdn). See Far-
dyin .
Farrukh-Hurmuzd (Hurmuzd
q.v.), father of Rustam, 69
FarrukhzAd, Shah, viii, 61 seq.,
70
Siyah Chashm and, 62
poisons, 63
Farrukhzad, son of Hurmuzd,
brother of Rustam, and
favourite of Khusrau Par-
wiz, 23, 87, 92, 95
bribes Mihr Hurmuzd to
murder Khusrau Parwiz,
33
defeats the Arabs, 85
counsels Yazdagird, 86, 87
leads the host to Khur4s4n,
89
entrusts Yazdagird to
Mahwi, 95
goes to Rai, 96
Farud, son of Sliirin and Khusrau
Parwiz, 39
Firdausi, 69
account of Arab conquest
by, supplemented, 65
Yazdagird's death, 70,
107
reflections on, 108,
III
on completion of Shdhndma,
121
friends and assistants of, 121
exempt from taxation, 121
126
INDEX
Firdausi, time spent on Shdh-
n4ma, by, 122
praise of Sultan Mahmud,
by, 122
Flight of Muhammad, referred
to, 122
Ford and toll-house of Zark, 100
and note, 116
GALBwf, franian chief, 74
Galiniish, Persian general, 5, 11,
12
parley of, with Kharrad and
Ashtad, II
Gang-dizh, stronghold, 25
Garsiwaz, brother of Afrasiy^b,
103
Garsiyun, Iranian chief, 115
Gashasp, father of Ashtad q.v., 1 1
Gemini, constellation, 73
Gil (Gil, Gilan ?), district on
south-west coast of Cas-
pian, 93
Glory. See Grace.
Grace or Glory, the divine, 8, 26,
30, 31, 41, 44, 47, 73, 74,
79. 90, 91. 95. 99. 100,
101, 116
Gudarz, franian hero, 25
seventy sons of, 25
Gumbadin, Mount, 93
stronghold on, 93
Gurdz (Shahrbaraz, Farayin
q.v.) general of Khusrau
Parwiz and Shah, vii, 44
rebelhon of, 45
message of, 45
writes to Piriiz, 46
Piriiz writes to, 47
account of, 50
meaning of, 50
dual personality of, 50
marches on Taisafiin, 51
confers with frdnian mag-
nates, 51
misrule of, 53
conspiracy against, 54
goes hunting, 55
Gur4z, end of, 55
Guraz, son of Mahwi,
referred to, 107, 115
governor of Marv, 120
put to death with his sons,
120
Gurdwi, brother of Bahrdm
Chiibina, 6
Gurdya, sister of Bahram Chu-
bina, 6
Gurgan, province on the south-
eastern shores of the
Caspian, 89
Gushtasp, Shah, 25
Gustaham, maternal uncle of
Khusrau Perwiz, 4, 6
assassination of, referred to,
16, 104
H
HamadAn, city in 'Irak 'Ajami,
68
Haram, of Khusrau Parwiz, 4, 5
Harat, city in north-western
Afghanistan, 115
bestowed by Mahwi on his
son, 115
Hashim, Arab general, 68
sent by 'Umar in pursuit of
Yazdagird, 68
wins battle of JaliilA, 68
takes Hulwdn, 68
Hashimite=Muhammad, 81 and
note
Heraclius, Eastern Roman Em-
peror, 5, 7
Shirwi's letter to, 7
alliance of, with Shahr-
baraz, 44
Hil^l, Arab, 69
slayer of Rustam son of
Farrukh-Hurmuzd, 70
Hindustan, 17, 20
Hira, city, west of the Euphrates
near Nedjef, 5, 66
kingdom of, 65
abolished by Khusrau
Parwiz, 66
attacked by Persians, 67
INDEX
127
Hcuri. 81
House of Darkness, 7
Crystal, 25 and note
Hulwan, town on the border of
'Irak 'Ajami, west of Kir-
m^nshih
Yazdagird retires to, 67
taken by Hishim, 68
Hurmuzd, son of Nushirwan,
Shdh, 4, 15, 104
Hurmuzd (Hurmuzdshdh, Far-
rukh-Hurmuzd q.v.),
father of Rustam, 72, 78
85, 89, 96
Hurmuzd Shahranguraz (Shah-
ranguraz q.v.), 54
Hurmuzd, devotee, 102
pleads with Mahwf for Yaz-
dagird, 102
Husain, friend of Firdausi, 121
Hiishang, Shah, 25, 41
Indian, scimitar, 17
script, 17
scribe, 17
fraj, sonof Faridiin, 103
'Irak, 66
fran, vii, viii, 9 seq., 15, 21, 22,
31. 36, 38. 39. 44. 45. 51.
66. 74. 75. 79. 85, 86, 88,
92, 96, 103, 106, 108, 113
franian, frdnians, viii, 22, 23,
40, 47, 48, 63, 73, 76, 88,
90, 116
homage Shirwl, 8
choose two chiefs to visit
Khusrau Parwiz in prison,
9
plot against Gurdz, 54
go hunting with Gur^z, 55
race, 65
enmity of, with Semite,
65
announces arrival of Shu'ba
Mughira to Rustam, 82
defeat of, at Kidisfya, 84
retreat to Yazdagirtl, 85
— born, 99
frdnians, defeat of, at Marv, 116
ambushed, 118
Istakhr (Perscpolis), 50, 54
Yazdagird taken to, 64
made Shdh at, 65
Jahram. See Chahram.
Jalula, 68
Jamdsp, minister of Gushtasp, 26
Jamshid Shah, 25, 39, 103
Jarmana, place, 93
Jerusalem, 43
Elevation of the True Cross
at, 43
Jesus, 10
Jihiin (Oxus), river, 77, 115, 118
Jins, 81
K
KABUL, city
falchion of, 98
Kachar Bashi, city in Tiiran, 117
Kadisiya, town west of Euph-
rates and near
Nedjef, 5, 73, 74, 77, 78
Battle of, 5, 67, 69
date of, 67
canal of, 69
Rustam advances to, 73
Kaian, crown, 11, 105
Kai Kiiis, Shdh, 25
Kai Khusrau, Shdh, 25, 103
Kai Kubad, Shdh, 25
Kalat, stronghold, 91
Karan, Iranian hero, 25
Karkh, a suburb of Baghdad, 85
Arab defeat at, 85
Kashmigdn, son of Farrukhzdd,
92
K4wa, the smith, 30
flag of, 30, 67
Khdlid, Arab general, 66
begins hostilities against
Persian Empire, 66
recalled to lead Syrian cam-
paign, 66
128
INDEX
Kh^n of Chin, 87, 102
= Bizhan, 97
Kharr^d, son of Barzin, Iranian
minister, 4, 11, 12, 24
end of, 4
chosen to visit Khusran
Parwiz at Taisa fiin, 9
Ashtad and, parley with Gal-
inush, II
visit Khusrau Parwiz, 12
report to Shirwi, 27
Kharrdd, father of Hurmuzd, 102
Khurasan, province in north-
eastern fran, viii, 59, 6g,
87, 88, 92
Mahwi becomes master of,
114
Khusrau Parwiz, Shah, vii,
4 seq., II, 12, 25, 26 note,
30. 31. 33 se(/., 38 seq.,
45 seq.
charges against, 4, 5, 9, 10
reply of, to charges, 5, 14
seq.
Haram of, 4, 5
last days cf, Theophancs'
account of, 6
Shirwi's treatment of, 7
sons of, executed, 7, 35
Shirin and, 7
imprisoned atTaisafun, 9
companioned by Shirin, 29
Barbad visits, 29
laments over, 30
steed of, 30
son of, 31
referred to, 33 and note
kingdom of Hira aboUshcd
by, 66
Muhammad's letter to, 66
Khusrau, father of Piruz, vii, 44,
46, 48, 49, 51. 57
Khusrau, a miller, '. iii, 99. See
Miller.
Khuzistdn (Susiana), province at
head of Persian Gulf
annexed by Arabs, 68
Kluizr4, treasure, 20
Kibchak, region east of tlie Jax-
artes and north cf Tdsh-
kand, 93
Kirwan (Karw4n, district north
of Jaxartes ?), 93
Kisra Niishirwdn. See Nushir-
wan .
Kubad, son of Piriiz, Sh4h, 22,
25
Kubad (Shirwi q.v.), Shah, vii,
3, 4, 9, II, 12, 14, 24, 32,
47. 64
tragic reign of, 3
pestilence during, 3
boorishness of, 3
difficult situation of, 3
reproached by his sisters, 7
Kiifa, city, west of Euphrates
and north of Nedjef, 68,
69
founded by Sa'ad, 67
KurAn, 81
quoted, 81 and note
Kutib, father of Husain, 121
Lazhawardi fort, 93
Lull rasp, Shah, 104
M
Machin (China), 107
Mahmiid, Sultan, praise of 122
Makhzum, place, 93
M4hwi, Persian cliief, viii, 70, 74,
89, 95, 97. 100 seq. 118
described, 87
FarrukhzM entrusts Yaz-
dagird to, 95
accepts charge of Yazda-
gird, 96
becomes disaffected to Yaz-
dagird, 96
writes to Bizhan, 96, 116
betrays Yazdagird, 97, 98,
116, 117
<piest of, for Yazdagird, 100
has tidings of Yazdagird,
lOI
consults his warriors, 106
son of, counsels, 107
INDEX
129
MAhwi, son of, receives Balkh and
Marat, 115
governor of Marv, 120
put to death with liis
sons, 120
sends miller to slay Yazda-
gird, 107, 116
troops after niillor with
instructions, 107
troops of, strip corpse of
Yazdagird, 108
hears of death of Yazdagird,
108
bids miller throw corpse of
Yazdagird into stream,
loS
slays monks, 113
consults his intimates and
minister, 113
advised by his minister, 113
claims the throne on false
pretences, 114
becomes master of Khur-
ds4n, 114
evil rule of, 114
makes war on lii'zhan, 115
conduct of, to Barsam, 117
cresses Oxus and camps at
Baigand, 118
flees, 1 18
overtaken by BarsAm, 118
captured by Barsam, 119
put to death by Bizhan, 120
Marchlords, viii
Mardanshah (Yalan-sina q-v.),^, 6
son of, 5, 6
conspires against Ivhusrau
Parwiz, 6
mutilation and execution of,
6
Mardanshah (Mardasas), son of
Shirin and Khusrau Par-
wiz, 39
Mard4sas (Mardinsliah q.v.), 7
execution of, 7
Mars, planet, 73, 89
Mariisipand, palace, 1 1
•Marv, oasis and city in ancient
northern Khurasdn, now
in Turkistan, 70, 89, 116,
VOL. IX
Marv, traditional scene of Yaz-
dagird's death, 70
Yazilagird at, 97, 116
thane of, no
apothegm of, no
conduct of Mihwi to Bar-
sam at, 117
Gurdz, son of Mdhwi, gov-
ernor of, 120
Mazanda.rin, region between
Alburz range and Caspian,
74
Mecca, city, 69
Mercury, planet, 73
Mesopotamia,
annexed by Arabs, 68
Mih-Azar-Gushnasp, minister of
Ardshir, son of Shirwi, in
Arabic Tabari, 43
put to death, 43
Mihr, fea^t, 40
Mihr 'Hasis, minister of Ardshir,
son of Shirwi, in Persian
Tabari, 43
put to death, 43
Mihr Hurmuzd, murderer of
Khusrau Parwiz, vii, 34
account of, 5
referred to, 6, 33
conspires against Ivhusrau
Parwiz, 6
put to death, 7
described, 33
Mihr-i-Nush, 103
pleads with Mdhwi for Yaz-
dagird, 103
Mill, viii, 98, 116
Miller, viii, 70
Yazdagird and, 99
informs chief of Zark about
Yazdagird, 100
informs Mahwi about Yaz-
dagird, lOI
bidden to slay Yazdagird,
107
bidden to fling corpse into
stream, 108
Mnn'ichihr, Shdh, 103
Mir Kh4nd, distich of, quoted, 56
Monks, 109
find Yazdagird, 109
I30
INDEX
Monks, lament over and entomb
Yazdagird, 109 seq.
sentences of, over Yazda-
gird, no
slain by Mahwi, 113
Mughira, son of Shu'ba. See
Shu'ba Mughira, 69
Muhammad, the Prophet, 69, 81
seq.
letter of, to Khusrau Par-
wiz, 66
Flight of, referred to, 122
Muslim, 85
N
Nahavand, city, south of Ham-
adan, 68, 69
Yazdagird concentrates his
forces at, 68
Battle of, 69
Narwan, forest of, 86
Nastur, son of Shirin and Khus-
rau Parwiz, 39
Nile, 98
Nimriiz*, 5, 6
satrapy of, 69
Nishd.pur, city in Khurasan, 95
Niy^tiis (Theodosius, son of
Maurice), 23
Note on Pronunciation, xii
Nu'man bin Munzir, prince of
Hfra, 5
Nu man, Arab general, 68
sent by ' Umar to fight Yaz-
dagird, 68
defeats Pfriizan at Naha-
vand, 68
slain, 69
Niishirwdn, Sh4h, 22, 26, 71, 80,
92, 105, 109, no, 119
Letter of Counsel of, 22
division of Empire by, 69
dream of, 92
O
Omen of the quince, 13, 14
Oxus (Jihiin), river
referred to, 117 and note, 118
PAHLAvf, middle Persian lan-
guage of Ashkanian (Par-
thian) and Sasanian times,
50
Paidawasis, Persian coin=five
dinars, 19
Pars (Persis, Farsistan), country
on eastern shore of Per-
sian Gulf, 68
Parsis, 64
Parwiz. See Khusrau Parvviz.
Persepolis (Istakhr), 65
Persia, 66
Persian, Persians, 5, 7, 20, 37,
40, 54, 60, 66, 67, 69, 70,
72, 77. 79. 85, 121
ideas on marriage, 7
language, 12, 65
= Ashtad and Kharrad, 24
exonerate Shirin, 38
empire, 65, 66
Gulf, 66, 68
win " The Battle of the
Bridge," 67
fail in attack on Hira, 67
defeat of, at Kadisiya, 67,
84
Jalula, 68
Nahavand, 69
Shu'ba Mughira's embassy
to, 69
robes, 94
transcribe Shahndma for
Firdausi, 121
Pestilence, in reign of Kubdd,
3-7
Piruz, son of Khusrau, minister
of Ardshir son of Shirwi,
vii
appointed general, 44
*See p. 333 note.
INDEX
131
Pfniz, letter of Guraz to, 46
takes counsel, 46
writes to Guraz, 47
Guraz marches against, 48
appeals to Tukhar, 48
feasts with Ardshir, 48
informs Guraz of the death
of Ardshir, 51
put to death, 57
Piruz, franian prince, 59
Piriiz, son of Shapiir, Iranian
noble
takes Rustam's letter to
Sa'ad, 80, 81
Piruzan, Persian general,
commands Persian forces at
Nahavand, 68
slain, 69
Pisces, constellation, 71
Plague. See Pestilence.
Pronunciation, Note on, xii
Purandukht, Shah, vii, 56
reproaches Kubad, 7
makes Shahranguraz prime
minister, 56
True Cross and, 56
Pusfarrukh, 50
Q
Quince, omen of the, 13, 14
R
R.\D.\, Mount, 91, 94
Kadwi, archimage
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
dagird, 102
Rai, city and district near Tih-
ran, 68, 69, 89, 95, 96
Raja, 17
letter of, 17
put in charge of Shi'rin, 17
Raven, Raven-head, 91 and note,
95 note, 96
Revellers Rosary of 38, 40
Roman, 50, 66
Rosary of Revellers, 38, 40
Riiina, place, 91
Rum, Eastern Roman Empire,
10, II, 20, 39, 41, 45, 46,
113
brocade of, 99, loi
monks of, slain by Mahwi,
"3
Ruman, Riimans, 23, 60
Russian, cloth, no
Rustam, son of Zal, frinian hero,
25
Rustam, Persian commander
in chief under Yazdagird
III., viii, 66, 67, 69, 73.
81 seq., 90, 95
overthrows Azarmdukht, 59
advances to Kadisiya, 67,
73
end of, 69
finds evil aspects in the stars,
73
writes to his brother, 73
hears of Shu'ba Mughira's
arrival, 82
Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, Arab
general, viii, 67, 68, 82
seq., 90
succeeds Abu 'Ubaida, 67
at Kadisiya, 67, 69
founds Kiifa, 67
takes Ctesiphon, 67
recalled, 68
sent by 'Uniar to invade
fran, 72
letter of Rustam to, 78
taken by Piriiz 80, 81
Sada, feast, 40, 92
Samarkand, city in Turkistan,
96, 115
Sapand^rmad, month, 70, 122
Sari, city in Mazandaran, 86
Sa.san, son of Dara, 105 and iiote
lineage of 56, 105
Sasanian, Sasanians, 4, 5, 46,
47. 50. 54. 65, 72. 73, 76,
77. 83, 105
Dynasty, 4
132
INDEX
Sasanian, Empire, conquered by
the Arabs, 65 seq.
Satrapy, satrapies, Niishirwdn's
four, 69
Saturn, planet, 73
sphere of, 92
Seasons, confusion of the, 77 note
Semite, race, enmity of, with
Iranians, 65
Shabdiz, steed of Khusraii Par-
wiz, 30
Shahnama, viii, 4 seq., 43, 50, 61,
70
completion of, Firdausi on,
121
length of, 122
date when completed, 122
Shahran, 102
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
dagird, 102
Shahranguraz (Hurmuzd Shah-
ranguraz, Guraz q.v.), vii,
50
heads conspiracy against
Guraz, 54
Shalirbaraz (Guraz q.v.), Iranian
general, 43, 50
rebellion of, 43, 44
alliance of, with Heraclius,44
Shahr-Barz. See Shahrbaraz.
Shahguraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), 50
Shahrwaraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), 50
Shahryar, son of Shirin and
Khusrau I^arwiz, 39
father of Yazdagird, 64
Shamiran, stronghold north of
Harat (?), 91, 94
Shapiir, father of Piruz, 80
Shatt-al-Arab, the combined
streams, of the Tigris and
Euphrates, 67
Shirin, wife of Khusrau Parwiz,
vii, 28, 36
Khusrau Parwiz and, 7
has charge of Shirwi's horo-
scope, 16
Raja's letter, 17
companions Khusrau Par-
wiz in prison, 29
reproached and summonetl
by Shirwi, 36
Shfrin, makes her will, 36
goes to Court 37
justifies herself, 38, 40
sons of, 39
unveils to the Court, 39
Shirw: falls in love with,
39
makes request of Shirwi, 40,
41
goes home, 40
distributes her wealth, 40
frees her slaves, 41
poisons herself, 42
Shirwi (Kubad q.v.). Shah, vii,
7, 8, II, 27, 28, 31 seq.,
36, 45, 47, 64
treatment of Khusrau Par-
wiz by, 7
writes to Heraclius, 7
horoscope of, 16
kept by Shirin, 16
Ashtad and Kharrad report
their interview with Khus-
rau Parwiz to, 27
reproaches and summons
Shirin, 36, 37
falls in love with Shirin, 39
grants Shirin's requests, 40,
42
poisoned, 42
son of, 42
length of reign of, 42
Shu'ba Mughira, companion of
the Prophet, 69, 83
embassy of, 69, 82
Sikandar (Alexander the Great),
Shah, 26
Siyah Chasm, slave of Farrukh-
zad, 62
handmaid of Farruklizad
and, 62
imprisoned, 62
released, 62
poisons Farrukhzad, 63
Siyawush, son of Kai Kdus, 25
and note, 26 note. 103
Snakes = Arabs, 91
Siir, Siir^n, city near Ispahan,
74. 89. 95. 97. 100, 1x6,
118
Svrian, 66
INDEX
133
Tauaki, historian, 4, 56, 61, u^,
6y
Arabic, 4, 5, 7, 43, 50
Persian, 4, 5, 43, 70
Tabaristin (Mazandaran), 74
Table of Contents, vii
Tahmuras, Shah, 2^
Taisafiin (Ctesiphon), city on left
bank of Tigris, g, 10, 90
Khusrau Parwi'z imprisoned
at, 9
Barbad visits Khusrau Par-
wiz at, 29
Taraz, city north-east of T4sh-
kand, 41
Taxation, Firdausi's exemption
from, 121
Theophanes, Greek Chronicler,
account of last days of
Khusrau Parwiz by, 6
Tigris, river, 67
Toll-house and ford of Zark, 100
and note, 116
Tukhar, Iranian general,
refuses to help Piruz against
Gurdz, 48
Ti'ir, son of Fan'dun, 103
Tiiran, 11, 89, 99
Turk, Turks, 70, 96 seq., 105, 114,
117, 120
Turkish, 87
Turkistdn, 15
Turkman, Turkmans, 25, 76, 94
king = Afrasiyab, 25
Ti'is, city in Khurdsan, viii, 90,
95
governor of, 92
U
'Umar, Khalifa, 66 seq., -jz, 76,
121
founds Basra, 67
sends Hdshim in pursuit of
Yazdagird, G8
Nu'man to fight Yazda-
gird, 68
Sa'ad to invade frdn, 72
Urmuzd, the Good Principle, 24
Vknus, planet, 26, 73
Victory of Victories, The, 69
Virgo, constellation, 71
W
Wakkas, father of Sa'ad q.v
viii, 72, 78, 82, 90
Yalan-sina (Mardanshah q.v.),
6
Yazdagird, Shah, viii, 5, 61, 64
seq., 68 seq., 72, 81, 90,
101, 105, 106, 113, 115,
116, 122
Era of, 64
taken for safety to Istakhr,
64
age of, at accession, 65
difficult position of, 65
historical importance of
reign of, 65
flight of, from Ctesiphon, 67
Hulwan, 68
last attempt of, to recover
his empire, 68
concentrates his forces at
Nahdvand, 68
defeated and a fugitive, 69
death of, referred to, 69
host returns to, after Kdd-
isiya, 85
hears of Rustam's death, 85
quits Baghdad, 88
makes for Marv, 89
entrusted to Mahwi by
Farrukhzdd, 95, 96
at Marv, 97, 1 16
hears of the coming of the
Turks, 97
betrayed by Mihwi, 98
defeated, 98, 116
134
INDEX
Yazdagird, miller and, 99 seq.
described, 99, 10 1
Mahwl bids miller slay, 107,
116
slain, stripped and flung into
stream, 108, 109 and note
corpse of, recovered, lam-
ented over and entombed,
109 seq.
Firdausi on, m
ZabulistAn, 75*
Zahh4k, Shah, 25. 65, 103
ZahhAk, an Aryan myth, 65
king of Babylon, 65
an Arab, 65
Zal, son of Sam and father of
Rustam, 25
Zark, town south-east of Marv,
98
canal of, 98
corpse of Yazdagird flung
into, 109
recovered from. 109
ford and toll-house of, 100
and note
chief of, 100
hears from miller about
Yazdagird, 109
•See p. 333 note.
GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
C. — Macan's edition of the Shahndma
L. — Liimsden's Do.
P. — Mohl's do.
T. — Tihrin do.
v.— Vullers' do.
AM. The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John Maundeville, Knight
. . . Edited ... by John Ashton.
AS. The Shah Nameh cf . . Firdausi. Translated and
abridged. ... By James Atkinson Esq.
BAG. A History of Ancient Geography. By E. H. Bunbury
F.R.G.S.
BAN. A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights'
Entertainments. ... By Richard F. Burton.
BBR. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Tran^^latcd
from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629). By
Samuel Beal.
BCM. The Chahir Maqala (" Four Disccurses ") of Nidhami-i-
'Arudi-i-Samarquandi. Translated into English by
Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.
BGDF. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
By Edward Gibbon. Edited by J. B. Bury, M A.
BHA. The History of Alexander the Great, being the Syriac
Version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes. Edited . . . with
an English Translation and Notes, by Ernest A. Walhs
Budge, M.A.
BLEA. The Life and E.xploits of Alexander the Great, being a
Series of Translations of the Ethiopia Histories of
Alexander. . . . By E. A. Wallis Budge, M.A.
BLHP. A Literary History of Persia. By Edward G. Browne,
M.A.
BLRE. History of the Lower Roman Empire. By J. B. Bury.
BPB. Photius : Bibliotheca. Ex Rccensione Immanuehs Bek-
keri.
CIG. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum.
CTC. Theophanis Chronographia. Ex Recensione loannis
Classeni.
DAA. Arriani Anabasis . . . F. Diibner.
DAI. Arriani Indica . . . F. Dubner.
DEL J. Darmcstetcr, fitudes Iranicnnos.
135
136
GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DFKHP.
DHA
DZA.
EHI.
EP.
GDF.
GH.
GHP.
GIP.
GKS.
GYZ.
HAP.
HB.
HEP.
HIE.
HLP.
HQC.
HRVP.
HS.
JFB.
JP.
JRGS.
JZ.
KA.
KUR.
LAN.
LEG.
»The
H'story cf the Parsis. By Dcsabliai Framji Karaka,
C.S.I.
The History of Antiquity. From tlie German of Professor
Max Duncker. By the late Evelyn Abbot, M.A.
Professor Darmestcter's Trans, of the Zandavasta in the
Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Parts ' and pages.
The History of India as told by its own Historians. By
Sir H. M. Elliot, K.C.B.
Eastern Persia, an Account of the Journeys ci the Persian
Boundary Commission, 1870-71-72.
The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
Py Edward Gibbon, Esq. With Notes by Dean Milman
and M. Guizot. Edited, with additional Notes, by
William Smith, L.L.D.
The Land of the Hittites. . . . By John Garstang, D.Sc.
Histoire des Perses par le Comtc de Gobineau.
Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie.
Kleine Schriften von Alfred von Gutschmid.
Geiger : Das Yatkar-i Zariran und sein Verhaltniss zum
Sahnime. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philolo-
gischen und historischen Classe der k.b. Akademie der
Wissenschaften zu Miinchen. j8go. Bd. II. Heft I.
P- 43-
History of Art in Persia from the French of Georges Perrot
and Charles Chipiez.
The Country of Balochistan. ... By A. W. Hughes,
F.R.G.S.
Essays on the Sacred Language, Writing and Religion of
the Parsis. By Martin Haug, Ph. D. Edited and
enlarged by E. W. West. Ph. D.
The' Indian Empire. By W. W. Hunter, C.S.I., CLE.,
L.L.D.
The Legend of Perseus. By E. S. Hartland.
Q. Curtius Rufus . . . ed. Edmundus Hedicke.
Vetcrum Persarum . . . Religionis Histoiia. Ed. 2nd.
By Thomas Hyde.
Syntagma Dissertationum quas olim auctor doctissimus
Thomas Hyde S.T.P. separatim edidit.
The earliest English version of the Fables of Bidpai . . .
now again edited and induced by Joseph Jacobs.
Persia Past and Present, by Professor A. V. Williams
Jackson.
The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society.
Zoroaster. By A. V. Williams Jackson.
Asia. By A. H. Keane, F.R.G.S.
Kitab-i-Yamini of Al Utbi. Translated by the Rev.
James Reynolds, B.A.
The Arabian Nights' Entertainments. A New Translation
from the Arabic. ... By Edward William Lane.
The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. By G. Le Strange.
second edition of Part I. is referred to unless otherwise specified.
GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
137
LPC. A View of the History and Coinage of the Parthians. By
Jolin I.inilsay. Esq.
MA. Ak'-KaiKhu Ic Grami . . . Par Paul Meyer.
MCAI. Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian.
... By J. W. M'Crindle, M.A.
MCI. The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great. . . . By
J. W. M'Crindle, M. A. . . . New Edition.
MP. Reliqua Arriani et Scriptorum dc rebus Alexanflri M.
Fragmenta collegit . . . Carolus Miillcr.
MGN. Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan,
etc. By Colonel C. M. MacGrcgor, C.S.I., CLE.
MHP. History of Persia. By Sir John Malcolm, G.C.B.
MLM. The Life of Muhammad. By William Muir, Esq.
MM. Ma^oudi : Les Prairies d'Or. Texte et traduction par C
Barbier dc Mcynard et Pa vet de Courteillc.
MPC. Pseudo-Callisthcnes, primum edidit Carolus MuUerus.
MS J P. A Second Journey through Persia, etc. By James Morier
Esq.
MZA. Rev. L. H. Mills' Trans, of the Zandavasta in the
Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Part and
pages.
NAR. Beitrage zur Gcschichte des Alexanderromans, von Prof.
Dr. Th. Noldeke in Denkschriften der . . . Akademie
der Wissenschaften . . . Wien, 1890.
NIN. Das Iranische Nationalepos von Theodor Noldeke.
NK. Geschichte des Artachsir i Papakan aus dem Pellewi iiber-
setzt . . . von Th. Noldeke.
NPS. Noldeke : Persische Studien. II. Sitzungsberichte der
Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. CXXVI.
Band.
NSEH. Sketches from Eastern History. By Theodor Noldeke.
English Translation.
NT. Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden
. . . von Th. Noldeke.
OHS. The History of the Saracens. By Simon Ockley. Fourth
Edition.
RFGM. The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World.
By George Rawlinson, M.A.
RII. The History of Herodotus. ... By George Rawlinson,
M.A.
RK. The Koran translated from the Arabic. By J. M. Rod well.
Second Edition.
RM. [In Vols. Ill and IV) The Mahibharata translated into
English Prose [hy Kisari Mohan Ganguli). Published by
Pratapa Chandra Rai, CLE.
{Elsewhere) The Rauzat-us-safa ; or. Garden of Purity. . .
By . . . Mirkhond . . . Translated by YL. Rchatsek.
RP. {In Vols. I and V) Records of the Past. First Series.
(Elsewhere) Professor Rawlinson's Parthia in the Story of
the Nations' Series.
I3«
GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
RPNS. Records of the Past. Second Series.
RSM. The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy. By George Raw-
linson, M.A.
SAC. The Chronology of Ancient Nations ... of Albfruni . . .
translated ... by Dr. C. Edward Sachau.
SHC. The " Higher Criticism " and the Verdict of the Monu-
ments. By the Rev. A. H. Sayce.
SK. The Koran . . . Translated ... by George Sale, Gent.
SM. History of the Early Kings of Persia . . . Translated from
the original . . . Persian of Mirkhond ... by David
Shea.
SP. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea . . . Translated from
the Greek and annotated by Wilfrid H. Schoff, A.M.
STD. The Dabistan . . . Translated ... by David Shea and
Anthony Troyer.
WLS. In the Land of the Lion and Sun ... By C. J. Wills. M.D.
WPR. The Parsi Religion. By John Wilson.
WPT. Dr. E. W. West's Trans, of the Pahlavi Texts in the Sacred
Books of the East. Reference to Parts and pages.
YMP. The Book of Sir Marco Polo . . . newly translated. . . .
By Colonel Henry Yule, C.B.
ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'hammed-Ben-Djarii-Ben-
Yezid Tabari, traduite . . . Par M. Hermann Zotenburg.
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
Preface .
Vol.
I
PAor.
vii
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I. — Land and People
Chapter II. — Poet and Poem
Chapter III. — Text and Translation
List of previous Translators
Ancient Persian Calendar
Genealogical Tables
Abbreviations
Note on Pronunciation .
THE SHAhnAma
The Prelude —
SECT.
1. Invocation
2. Discourse in Praise of Wisdom
3. Of the Making of the World
4. Of the Nature of Man
Of the Nature of the Sun .
Of the Nature of the Moon .
7. In Praise of the Prophet and his Companions
8. On the Compilation of the Sh4hn4ma
9. Of the Poet Dakiki .
10. How the present Book was begun
11. In Praise of Abu Mansiir, Son of Muhammad
12. In Praise of Sultdn Mahmud
6.
3
23
76
87
88
90
93
95
100
lOI
102
104
105
105
106
108
109
109
no
112
THE BEGINNING OF THE HISTORY : THE
PISHDADIAN DYNASTY
GaiiJmart —
1. The Greatness of Gaiumart and the Envy of
Ahriman . . . . . • .118
2. How Siyamak was slain by the Dfv . . .120
3. How Hiishang and Gaiumart went to fight the
Black Div 121
139
140
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
HiJSHANG
SKCT.
1. The Accession of Hushang and his civilising Arts
2. How the Feast of Sada was founded
Vol
Tahmukas-
I.
Jamshid —
I.
2.
3-
4-
Zahhak —
5-
6.
7-
Tahmuras ascends the Throne, invents new Arts,
subdues the Divs, and dies ....
The Greatness and Fall of Jamshid
The Story of Zahhak and his Father .
How Iblis turned Cook ....
How the Fortunes of Jamshid went to Wrack
The evil Customs of Zahhak and the Device of
Irma'il and Karma'il ....
How Zahhak saw Faridiin in a Dream .
The Birth of Faridiin ....
How Faridiin questioned his Mother about his
Origin ......
Tha Story of Zahhak and K4wa the Smith .
How Faridiin went to Battle with Zahhak .
How Faridiin saw the Sisters of Jamshid
The Story of Faridiin and the Minister of Zahhak
How Faridiin bound Zahhak
1
PAGE
122
123
126
135
137
139
147
154
161
164
•166
FARfoiiN-
I.
2.
3-
4-
5-
6.
7-
8.
9-
10.
II.
12.
13-
14.
15-
16.
17-
18.
19.
20.
How Faridiin ascended the Throne . . .174
How Faridiin sent Jandal to Yaman . . .177
How the King of Yaman answered Jandal . . 181
How the Sons of Faridiin went to the King of
Yaman ....... 183
How Sarv proved the Sons of Faridun by Sorcery. 184
How Faridun made Trial of his Sons . . .186
How Faridun divided the World among his Sons . 189
How Salm grew envious of fraj . . . .189
How Salm and Tiir sent a Message to Faridun . 191
How Faridun made Answer to his Sons . . 193
How fraj went to his Brothers . . . .197
How fraj was slain by his Brothers . . . 199
How Faridiin received Tidings of the Murder of
fraj ...... . . 202
How a Daughter was born to fraj . . . 205
The Birth of Miniichihr ..... 206
How Salm and Tiir had Tidings of Miniichihr . 208
How Faridun received his Sons' Message . . 209
How Faridun made Answer to his Sons . . 211
How Faridun sent Miniichihr to fight Tiir and Salm 215
How Miniichihr attacked the Host of Tiir . .218
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
141
FARfDiJN {continued)
SECT
21.
Vol. I.
PAGE
220
How Tiir was slain by IMinucliihr
22. How Mini'ichihr wrote to announce his Victory to
Faridiin ....... 221
23. How Karan took tlic Castle of the Alans . . 223
24. How Kakwi, the Grandson of Zahhak, attacked the
franians . . . . . . . 225
25. How Salm fled and was slain by Minuchihr . . 227
26. How the Head of Salm was sent to Fan'dun . . 229
27. The Death of Faridiin ..... 232
MiNUCHIHK — -
1. How Minuchihr ascended the Throne and made an
Oration ....... 237
2. The Birth of Zal ...... 239
3. How Sam had a Dream touching the Case of his Son 243
4. How Miniichihr took Knowledge of the Case of Sam
and Zal ....... 248
5. How Zal went back to Zabulistan . . .251
6. How Sam gave the Kingdom to Zal . . . 253
7. How Zal visited Mihrab of Kabul . . . 256
8. How Riidaba took Counsel with her Damsels . 259
9. How Rudaba's Damsels went to see Zal . . 263
10. How the Damsels returned to Riidaba. . . 267
11. How Zal went to Riidaba . . . . .270
12. How Z41 consulted the Archimages in the Matter
of Riiddba ...... 273
13. How Zal wrote to Sam to explain the Case . . 275
14. How Sam consulted the Archmages in the Matter
of Zal 278
15. How Sindukht heard of the Case of Riidaba . . 280
16. How Mihrab was made aware of his Daughter's
Case ....... 284
17. How Minuchihr heard of the Case of Zal and
Riiddba 288
18. How Sam came to Miniichihr .... 289
19. How S4m went to fight Mihrab .... 292
20. How Zal went on a Mission to Miniichihr . . 295
21. How Mihrab was wroth with Sindukht . . 299
22. How Sam comforted Sindukht .... 301
23. How Z41 came to Minuchihr with Sam's Letter . 306
24. How the Archmages questioned Zal . . . 308
25. How Zal answered the Archmages . . . 309
26. How Zal displayed his Accomplish ;nent before
Minuchihr . . . . . . -311
27. Miniichihr's Answer to SAm's Letter . . .314
28. How Zal came to Sim . . . . .316
29. The Story of the JMrth of Rustam . . . 320
30. How Sdm came to see Rustam .... 324
31. How Rustam slew the White Elephant . . 327
142
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
MintJciiihr {continued)
SECT
33-
34-
35-
Naudar —
I.
2.
3-
4-
6.
7-
8.
9-
10.
II.
12.
13-
Vol.. I.
PAGE
How Rustam went to Mount Sipand . . . 330
How Rustam wrote a Letter announcing his
Victory to Zal ...... 332
The Letter of Zal to Sam ..... 334
Miniichihr's last Counsels to his Son . . . 335
How Naudar succeeded to the Throne .
How Pashang heard of the Death of Miniichihr
How Afrdsiyab came to the Land of fran
How Barman and Kubad fought together and how
Kubad was slain .....
How Afrdsiyab fought with Naudar the second
Time .......
How Naudar fought with AfrAsiyab the third Time
How Naudar was taken by Afrasiyab .
How Wisa found his Son that had been slain
How Shamasas and Khazarwan invaded Zabu-
Iist4n .......
How Zal came to help Mihr^b ....
How Naudar was slain by Afrasiyab .
How Zal had Tidings of the Death of Naudar
How Ighriras was slain by his Brother .
Zav-
I . Zav is elected Shah
339
342
345
346
350
352
355
356
358
359
362
364
367
370
GarshAsp-
I.
2.
3-
4-
Index
How Garshisp succeeded to the Throne and died,
and how Afrasiyab invaded fran .
How Rustam caught Rakhsh ....
How Zal led the Host against Afrasiyab
How Rustam brought Kai Kubad from Mount
Alburz .......
374
378
381
382
389
VOLUME n
Genealogical Tables
Abbreviations.
Note on Pronunciation
THE KAIANIAN dynasty
Kai
KubAd —
SECT
I.
PAGE
3
5
6
page
How Kai Kubdd ascended the Throne and warred
against Turin ....
2. How Rustam fought with Afrasiyab .
3. How Afrasiydb came to his Fatlior
4. How l^vshang sued to Kai Kubad for Peace
5. How Kai Kubad came to Istakhr of Pdrs
II
13
16
18
22
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 143
Kai KAxJs— Vol. II
Part I. The War with MAzandarAn —
SICCT. PAGE
1. The Prelude 29
2. How K4us sat upon the Throne and was tempted
to invade Mazandardn ..... 30
3. How Z41 gave Counsel to Kaiis .... 36
4. How Kdiis went to Mazandaran . ... 38
5. The Message of Kai Kaus to Zal and Rustam . 42
The Seven Courses of Rustam —
6. The First Course. How Rakhsh fouglit with a
Lion ... ..... 44
7. The Second Course. How Rustam found a Spring 46
8. The Third Course. How Rustam fought with a
Dragon ....... 48
9. The Fourth Course. How Rustam slew a Witch . 50
10. The Fifth Course. How Rustam took IJlad cap-
tive ........ 52
11. The Sixth Course. How Rustam fought with the
Di'v Arzhang ...... 57
12. The Seventh Course. How Rustam slew the
White Div 59
13. How Kaiis wrote to the King of Mazandardn . 63
14. How Rustam went on an Embassy to the King of
MAzandaran ...... 66
15. How Kkus fought with the King of Mdzandaran . 70
16. How Kiiis returned to the Land of trkn and fare-
welled Rustam ...... 76
Part II. The Doings of Kai Kaus in the Land
OF BarbaristAn and other Tales —
1. How Kai Kaus warred with the King of Hama-
var^n ....... 82
2. How Kdiis asked to Wife Suddba, the Daughter
of the King of Hdmavaran . • . . 86
3. How the King of Hamavaran made Kaiis Prisoner 88
4. How Afrasiyab invaded the Land of fran . . 91
5. How Rustam sent a Message to the King of Ham-
avaran ....... 93
6. How Rustam fought with Three Kings and deliv-
ered Kaus ....... 95
7. How Kaiis sent a Message to Afrasiyab . . 98
8. How Kdiis ordered the World .... loi
9. How Kaiis beguiled by Iblis ascended the Sky . 102
10. How Rustam brought back Kaiis . . • 104
The Story of the Fight of the Seven Warriors —
11. How Rustam went with the Seven Warriors to the
Hunting-ground of Afr^iyAb . . . 107
12. How Rustam fought with the Turanians . .HI
144
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Kai Kaus —
Part II. The Story of the Fight of the Seven Warriors
{continued) — Vol. II
SKCT. ^ PAGE
13. How Pi'lsam fought with the Iranians . . .112
14. How Afrasiyab fled from the Battlefield . . ii6
Part III. Suhrab —
1. The Prelude ......
2. How Rustam went to the Chace.
3. How Rustam came to the City of Samyngan
4. How Tahmina, the Daughter of the King of Samai
gan, came to Rustam ....
5. The Birth of Suhrab. ....
6. How Suhrab chose his Charger .
7. How Afrasiyab sent Barmdn and Human to Suhrji
How Suhrab came to White Castle
How Suhrab fought with Gurdafn'd
The Letter of Gazhdaham to Kaiis
How Suhrab took White Castle .
How Kaiis wrote to Rustam and summoned him
from Zabulistan .....
How Kaiis was wroth with Rustam
How Kaiis and Rustam led forth the Host .
How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm
How Suhrab asked Haji'r the Names of the Chiets
of fran ......
How Suhrab attacked the Army of Kaiis
18. How Rustam fought with Suhrab
19. How Rustam and Suhrab returned to Camp.
How Suhrab overthrew Rustam.
How Suhrab was slain by Rustam
How Rustam asked Kaiis for an Elixir .
How Rustam lamented for Suhrab
How Rustam returned lo Zabulistan .
How Suhrab's Mother received the Tidings oi hi
Death
8.
9-
10.
II.
12.
13-
14
15-
16.
17-
20.
21.
22.
23-
24.
25-
Part IV. The Story of SiyAwush — •
1. The Prelude .....
2. The Story of the Mother of Siyawush .
3. The Birth of Siyawush
4. How Siyawush arrived from Zabulistan
3. The Death of the Mother of Siyawush.
6. How Siidaba fell in Love with Siyciwush
7. How Siydwush visited Siidaba .
8. How Siydwush visited the Bower the second Time
9. How Siyawush visited the Bower the third Time
10. How Siidaba beguiled Kdiis ....
11. How Siidiba and a Sorceress devised a Scheme
12. How KAiis inquired into the Matter of the Babes .
13. How Siyawush passed through the Fire
119
120
I 22
123
126
127
129
131
132
136
'37
138
T42
148
U9
152
159
Ib2
165
168
172
177
179
182
184
191
193
195
197
199
200
202
206
210
21 1
214
2»5
218
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
M5
K\i Kaus —
Part IV. The
SECT.
14.
15-
16.
17-
18.
19.
20.
Story of Siyawush (continued) —
How Siyawush begged Si'idaba's L'fe of liis Father
How Kaus hoard of the Coming of Afrasiyab
How Siy4wush led forth the Host
The Letter of Siyawush to Kai Kaus .
The Answer of Kai Kaus to the Letter of Siyawu
How Afr4siy4b had a Dream and was afraid .
How AfrAsiydb inquired of the Sages concerning
his Dream ......
21. How Afrasiyab took Counsel with the Nobles
22. How Garsiwaz came to Siyawush
23. How Siyawush made a Treaty with Afrasiydb
24. How Siyawush sent Rustam to Kaus
25. How Rustam gave the Message to Kaus
26. How Kaiis sent Rustam to Sistan
27. The Answer of Kaus to the Letter of Siyawush
28. How Siyawush took Counsel with Ba hram and Zang
29. How Zanga went to Afrasiyab .
30. How Afrasiyab wrote to Siyawush
31. How Siyawush gave up the Host to Rahram .
32. The Interview ot Siyawush with Afrasiyab .
33. How Siyawush displayed his Prowess belC'ie
Afrasiyab .....
34. How Afrasiyab and Siyawush went to the Chase
35. How Piran gave his Daughter to Siyawush .
36. How Piran spake to Siyawush about Farangfs
37. How Piran spake with Afrasiyab
38. The Wedding of Farangis and Siyawush
39. How Afrasiyab bestowed a Province on Siyawush
40. How Siyawush built Gang-dizh
41. How Siyawush discoursed with Piran about the
Future ......
42. How Afrasiyab sent Piran into the Provinces
43. How Siyawush built Siyawushgird
44. How Piran visited Siyawushgird
45. How Afrasiyab sent Garsiwaz to SiyAwush .
46. The Birth of Farud, the Son of Siyawush
47. How Siyawush played at Polo
48. How Garsiwaz returned and spake Evil before
Afrasiyab ......
49. How Garsiwaz returned to Siyiwush .
50. The Letter of Siyawush to Afrasiyab .
51. How AfrAsiyib came to fight witli SiyAwush
52. How Siyawush had a Dream
53. The Parting Words of Siyawush to Farangfs.
54. How Siyawush was taken by .Vfrasiyib
55. How Farangis bewailed herself before Afrdsiydb
56. How Siyawush was slain by Gurwi
57. How Piran saved Farangis
Vol. U
I'AGE
222
224
226
229
230
232
238
239
242
243
246
247
249
232
255
257
261
263
267
268
270
272
274
276
279
282
285
285
287
289
291
292
296
301
306
307
308
310
312
317
320
323
VOL. l.X
146
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Kai Kaus —
Part IV. The Story of Siyawush [continued) — - Vol. II
SECT. PAGE
58. The Birth of Kai Khusrau .... 325
59. How Piran entrusted Kai Khusrau to the Shep-
herds . . . . . . .328
60. How Piran brought Kai Khusrau before AfrasiyAb 330
61. How Kai Khusrau went to Siyawushgird . . 333
Part V. How Rustam avenged Siyawush and how
Giv BROUGHT Kai Khusrau to TrAn —
1. Firdausi's Lament over his old Age . . . 336
2. How Kaiis heard of the Case of SiyAwush . . 337
3. How Rustam came to Kaiis .... 338
4. How Rustam slew Sudaba and led forth the Host. 340
5. How Faramarz slew Warazad . . . .341
6. How Surkha led his Troops to fight with Rustam . 344
7. How Afrasiyab led forth the Host to avenge his
Son . . . . ... . . 348
8. How Pilsam was slain by Rustam . . . 350
g. How Afrasiyab fied from Rustam . . . 353
10. How AfrAsiyab sent Khusrau to Khutan . . 355
11. How Rustam reigned over Turan for Seven Years. 357
12.
How Zawara went to the Hunting-ground of
Siyawush ......
How Rustam harried the Land of Tiiran
How Rustam returned to fran .
How Giidarz had a Dream of Kai Khusrau .
How Giv went to Tiiran in Quest of Kai Khusrau
The Finding of Kai Khusrau
How Giv and Kai Khusrau went to Siyawushgird
How Kai Khijsrau won Bihzad .
How Farangis went with Kai Khusrau and Giv to
fran .......
How Kulbad and Nastihan fled from (jiv
How Piran pursued Kai Khusrau
How Pi'rAn contended with Giv .
How Piran was taken by Giv
How Farangis delivered Piran from Giv
26. How Afrasiyab found I'iran on the Way
27. How Giv disputed with the Toll-man .
How Kai Khusrau crossed the Jihun .
How Kai Khusrau came to Ispahan
How Kai Khusrau came to Kaiis
How Tiis refused Allegiance to Kai Khusrau .
How Giidarz was wroth with Tiis
How Gudarz and Tiis went before Kaiis on th
Matter of the Kingship
How Tiis and FarAmarz went to the Castle of
Bahman and came back foiled
How Kai Khusrau went to the Castle of Bahman
and took it .....
13-
14.
15-
16.
17-
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23-
24.
25-
28.
29.
30-
31-
32.
a-
34-
35-
339
360
361
363
365
369
373
374
377
378
380
382
385
386
388
390
392
394
397
399
402
403
405
40O
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
M7
Kai Kaus —
Part V. How Rustam Avenged Siyawush, etc. {continued) —
Vol. II
SECT. P.^OK
36. How Keii Khusrau returned in Triumph . . 409
37. How Kdiis set Khusrau upon the Throne of King-
ship 411
Index
VOLUME HI
DYNASTY [contimied)
Abbreviations.
Note on Pronunciation
THE KAIANIAN
Kai Khusrau —
Part I. How Kai Khusrau, to avenge Siyawush,
SENT A Host against Tur.4n —
SECT.
1. The Prelude .......
2. How the Nobles did Homage to Kei Khusrau
3. How Kai Khusrau made a Progress through his
Realm .......
4. How Kai Khusrau sware to Kai Kaus to trike
Vengeance on Afrasivab ....
5. How Kai Khusrau numbered the Paladins .
6. How Kai Khusrau bestowed Treasures on the
Paladins .......
7. How Kai Khusrau sent Rustam to the land ot
Hind
8. How Kai Khusrau reviewed the Host .
The Story of Farud the Son of Siyawush —
9. The Prelude ......
10. How Tus went to Turkistan
11. How Faruil heard of the Coming of Tiis
iz. How Fan'id and Tukhar went to view the Host
13. How Bahram came to h'arud upon the Mountain
14. How IJaliram went back to Tus
How Rivniz was slain by Farud
tlow Zarasp was slain by Farud
How Tiis fought with Farud
How Gi'v fought with Farud
How Bizhan fought with Fariid .
How Fariid was slain ....
How Jarira slew herself ....
How Tus led the Host to the Kdsa Riid, and how
ralashan was slain by Bizhan
How the frAnians suffered in a Snowstorm .
How I3ahr4m captured Kabuda
How the franiaus foufijht with Tazhav
How Afrasiyab iiad Tidings of Tiis and his Host
4'3
I'AGK
3
16.
i8.
19-
20.
21.
^3-
24.
26.
15
17
19
20
24
26
30
31
37
38
41
44
47
51
52
53
54
57
bi
62
66
68
71
73
75
78
14^
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Kai Khusrau —
The Story of Farud the Son of Siyawush {continued) —
Vol
SECT.
27. How Piran made a Night-attack on the franians .
28. How Kai Khusrau recalled Tiis
29. How Fariburz asked a Truce of Piran .
30. How the Iranians were defeated by the Turkmans.
31. How Bahram returned to look for his Whip upon
the Battlefield .....
32. How Bahram was slain by Tazhav
33. How Gfv slew Tazhav in revenge for Bahram
34. How the franians went back to Khusrau
Part H. The story of Kamus of Kash.4n —
1. The Prelude .....
2. How Khusrau reviled Tiis
3. How Khusrau pardoned the Iranians .
4. How Khusrau sent Tiis to Tiiran
5. The Message of Piran to the Army of fran
6. How Afrasiyab sent an Army to Piran.
7. How Tiis slew Arzhang
How Human fought with Tiis
9. How the franians and Turanians fought the second
Time ......
10. How the Turanians used Sorcery against the Host
of fran ......
11. How the franians retreated to Mount Hamawan
12. How the Host of Tiiran beleaguered Mount
Hamiwan .....
13. Hov/ Piran went in Pursuit of the franians to
Mount Hamawan ....
14. How the franians made a Night-attack
15. How Kai Khusrau had Tidings of his Host .
16. How Fariburz asked to Wife Farangis, the Mother
of Kai Khusrau ....
17. How Tiis saw Siyawush in a Dream
18. How Afrasiyab sent the Khan and Kamiis to help
Piran ......
19. How the Khan of Chin came to ?Iamawan
20. How the franians took Counsel how to act .
21. How Giidarz had Tidings of the Coming of Rustam
22. How the Khan of Chin went to reconnoitre the
Army of fran ......
23. How Fariburz reached Mount Hamawan
24. How Piran took Counsel with the Khan of Chin
25. How Giv and Tiis fought with Kamiis.
26. The Coming of Rustam .....
27. How the franians and Turanians arrayed their
Hosts .......
28. How Rustam fought with Ashkabiis
III
PAOi.:
80
84
87
89
95
98
lOI
104
110
1 1 1
i'3
i'5
117
118
Iiq
120
I -'5
128
131
I3-J
137
139
142
146
149
151
153
155
160
163
164
168
170
174
179
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
K\i KnusKAU —
Part II. The Story or Kamus of Kashan {continued) — Vo
SKLT
Converse coiictrniiig the Coming
How Pi'raii held
of Kiistam
30. How the franians and Turanians set the Battle in
Array .......
31. How Aiwa was slain by Kamus . . . .
32. How Kdmiis was slain by Rustam
Part III. The Story of Rustam and the Khan of
Chin —
I. How the Kh4n of Chin had Tidings of the Slaying
of Kamus ......
2. How Chingish fared with Rustam
3. How the Khan of Chin sent Human to Rustam
4. How Pirdn took Counsel with Human and the
Khan
5. How Piran came to Rustam
6. How the Turanians took Counsel for Battle with
the Iranians
7. How Rustam harangued his Troops
8. How the Iranians and Turanians set the Battle in
Array ......
Q. How Rustam reproached Piran .
10. How the Battle was joined
II. How Shangul fought with Rustam and fled .
12. How Rustam fought with Sawa.
13. How Rustam slew Gahar of Gahan
14. How the Khan was taken Prisoner
15. How the Host of the Turanians was defeated
16. How Rustam divided the Spoil .
17. How Rustam wrote a Letter to Kai Khusrau
18. How Kai Khusrau made Answer to Rustam'
Letter
19. How Afrasiyab had Tidings of the Case of his
Army ......
20. How Rustam fought with Kafiir the Man-eater
21. How Afrasiy4b had Tidings of the Coming of
Rustam ......
22. Afrasiyab's Letter to Puladwand
23. How Puladwand fought with Civ and Tiis .
24. How Rustam fought with Puladwand .
25. The Wrestling of Rustam and Puladwand .
26. How Afrasiyab fled from Rustam
27. How Rustam returned to the Court of the Shdh
28. How Rustam went back to Sistdn
149
L III
TACK
182
185
187
188
192
194
196
199
201
206
211
217
219
221
223
224
227
230
232
237
239
241
243
249
257
259
262
265
267
269
Part IV. The Story of the Fight of Rustam
WITH the Div Akw.vn —
I. Prelude .......
272
I50
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
K.M Khusrau —
Part IV. The Story of the Fight of Rustam
SECT.
2. How Kliusrau summoned Rustam to
Di'v Akwan ....
3. How Rustam went in Quest of the Div
Vol. Ill
etc. {continued) —
fight tlie
PAGIC
How the DiV Akwan flung Rustam into the Sea
How Afrasiyab came tc inspect his Steeds,
how Rustam slew the Dlv Akwan .
How Rustam went back to the Land of fran .
and
273
275
276
279
281
Part V. The Story of Bizhan and Manizha—
1. The Prelude 287
2. How the Irmanians appealed to Khusrau . . 289
3. How Bizhan went to fight the wild Boars . . 292
4. How Gurgi'n beguiled Bizhan .... 294
5. How Bizhan went to see Manizha, Daughter of
Afrasiyab ....... 296
6. How Bizhan went to the Tent of Manizha . . 298
7. How Manizha carried off Bizhan to her Palace . 299
8. How Garsiwaz brought Bizhan before Afrasiyab . 301
9. How Piran begged Bizhan's Life from Afrasiyab . 305
10. How Afrasiyab put Bizhan in Ward . . . 309
ir. How Gurgin returned to fran and lied about Bizhan 310
12. How Giv brought C-urgin before Khusrau . • 315
13. How Kai Khusrau saw Bizhan in the Cup that
showed the World . . . . .318
14. 'How Khusrau wrote a Letter to Rustam . . 319
15. How Giv bore the Letter of Kai Ivhusrau to
Rustam . . . . . . .321
16. How Rustam made a Feast for Giv . . . 324
17. How Rustam came to Khusrau . . . .326
18. How Ivai Khusrau held Feast with the Paladins . 329
19. How Rustam made Petition for Gurgin to the Shah 331
20. How Rustam equipped his Escort . . . 333
21. How Rustam went to the City of Khutan to Piran 334
22. How Manizha came before Rustam . . . 337
23. How Bizhan heard of the Coming of Rustam . 340
24. How Rustam took Bizhan out of the Pit . . 344
25. How Rustam attacked the Palace of Afrasiyab by
Night 347
26. How Afrasiyab went to fight with Rustam . . 349
27. How Afrasiyab was defeated by the Iranians . 351
28. How Rustam returned to Kai Khusrau . . 353
29. How Kai Khusrau made a Feast. . . . 355
359
Index
VOLUME IV
Abbreviations.
Note on Pronunciation
page
3
4
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 151
Til !•: K \ I A X I A \ DYNASTY (roiitiuued)
Kai Khusrau {coil till tied) —
Vol IV
Part \I. Tiii£ Uattle ok tiii-; Twelve Rukiis —
sia-T.
1. The Prelude ......
2. How Afrasiyab called together his Host
3. How Kid Khusrau sent (a'ldarz to fit^Iit the Ti'ir
4nians ......
4. How Giv was made the Bearer of Ovcituics from
Giidarz to Pi'ran .....
5. How Giv visited Piran at W'isagirtl
6. The Arraying of the Hosts.
7. How Bi'zhan went to Giv to urge him to fight
8. How Human asked Piran for I^eave to fight .
9. How Human challenged Riihham
10. How Human challenged Fariburz
11. How Human challenged Gudarz.
12. How I^izhan heard of the Doings of Human.
13. How Giv g^ve the Mail of Siyawush to Bizhan
14. How Human came to battle with Bizhan ..
15. How Human was slain by Bizhan
16. How Xastihan made a Night-attack and was slaii
17. How Gudarz asked aid of Khusrau
18. The Answer of Khusrau to the letter of Gudarz
19. How Khusrau arrayed the Host.
20. How Piran wrote to Gudarz Son of Kishwad .
2 1 . The Answer of Gudarz to the Letter of Piran .
22. How Piran asked Succour from Afrasiyab
23. The Answer of Afrasiyab to the Letter of Piian
24. How the Iranians and Turanians fought a pitclie:
Battle
25. How Giv fought with Piran and how Giv's Horse
jibbed ......
26. How Gudarz and Piran arranged a Battle of
Eleven Rukhs .....
27. How Pir4n harangued his Men of Name
28. How Gudarz and Piran chose the Warriors for Ih
Battle of the Eleven Rukhs
29. How Fariburz fought with Kulbad
30. How Giv fought with Gurwi
31. How Guraza fought with Siyamak
32. How I'uruhil fought with Zangula
33. How Ruhham fought with Barmin
34. How Bizhan fought with Ruin .
35. How Hajir fought with Sipahram
36. How Gurgin fought with .Andariman .
37. How Barta fought with Kuhram
38. How Zanga, Son of Shiwarin, fought with .\khAst
39. How Gudarz fought with I'irdn . . . .
■ACK
10
12
16
19
22
26
29
31
34
35
39
44
47
49
53
56
5S
61
63
68
75
78
81
84
88
93
95
99
99
100
lOI
102
102
103
104
105
105
106
152
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Kai Khusrau — Vor.. IV
Part VI. The Battle of the Twelve Rukhs {continued) —
SECT. PAGE
How Gudarz returned to the Warriors of Iran . 109
How Lahhak and Farshidward bewailed Pi'ran . 112
How Lahhak and Farshidward took the Road to
Tiiran . . . . . . .115
How Ciustaham pursued Fahhak and Farshidward 1 1 7
How Bi'zhan followed after Gustaham . . . iiy
How Lahhak and Farshidward were slain by Gusta-
ham . . . . . . . .121
How Bizhan beheld (iustaham in the Mead . .123
How Kai Khusrau built a Charnel-house for Piran
and for thf other Chiefs of Tiiran, and how he
slew Gurwi the Son of Zira . . . .126
48. How the Turanians asked Quarter of Kai Khusrau 129
49. How Bizhan returned with Gustaham. . . 132
40.
41.
42.
43-
44.
45-
46.
47-
his Host against
and
Part VII. The Great War of Kai Khusrau with
Afrasiyab —
In Praise of Sultan Mahmiid
How Kai Khusrau arrayed
Afrasiyab ......
How Afrasiyab heard that Piran was slain
that Kai Khusrau had arrayed his Host.
How Kai Khusrau had Tidings that Afrasiyab
advanced to fight with him.
5. How Shida came before his Father Afrasiyab
6. How Afrasiyab sent an Embassage to Kai Khusrau
7. How Kai Khusrau sent an Answer to Afrasiyab
How Kai Khusrau fought with Shida the Son
Afrasiyab ......
How Shida was slain by Khusrau
How the Ba,ttle was joined between the Hosts
How Afrasiyab fled .....
How Kai Khusrau announced his Victory to Kaiis
How Afrasiyab went to Gang-bihisht
14. How Khusrau crossed the Jihiin
15. How Kai Khusrau fought with Afrasiyab the
second Time .....
16. How Afrasiyab took Refuge in Gang-bihisht
17. The Letter of Afrasiy4b to the Faghfur of Chin
18. How Kai Khusrau arrived before Gang-bihisht
19. How Jahn came to Kai Khusrau with an Embas
sage from Afrasiyab .
20. How Kai Khusrau made Answer to Jahn
21. How Kai Khusrau fought with Afrasiyab and took
Gang-bihisht ....
22. How Afr^siyib fled from Gang-bihisht
23. How Kai Khusrau gave Quarter to the Family of
Afrasiyab .......
I.
2.
4-
8.
9-
10.
II.
12.
13-
139
145
150
157
158
161
168
171
175
177
i>^3
185
186
187
lyo
193
196
198
200
204
207
21 I
212
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
153
Vol
K \l KlIUSRAU —
Takt \"II. The Gkeat Wau, etc. {continued) —
24. How Kai Kliiisiau exhorted the Iranians
■25. How Kai Kluisrau wrote a Letter with tlic News
of his Victory to Kai Kai'is ....
26. How Kai Khusrau had Tidings of tlie Coming of
Afrdsiyab with the Host of the Faghfur.
27. The Message of .Vfrasiyiib to Kai Khusran .
28. How the Iranians antl Turanians fc^tight
29. How AfrasiyAb made a Night-attack upon K'ai
Khusrau and was def:;ated ....
30. How the Faghfur of Chin sent an Envoy to Kai
Khusrau .......
31. How Afrasiyab crossed the Sea ....
32. How Kai Khusrau sent the Prisoners and Tieasure
to Kai'is with a Letter .....
33. The Answer of Shah Kaiis to the Letter of Khusiau
34. The Embassage of Kai Khusrau to the Faghfur of
Chin and the King of Makran
35. How Kai Khusrau fought with the Iving of Makran
and how the King of Makran was slain
36. How Kai Khusrau crossed the Sea
37. How Kai Khusrau reached Gang-dizh.
38. How Kai Khusrau returned from Gang-dizh to
Siyawushgird ....
39. How Ivai Khusrau returned from Ti'iran to the
Land of Iran .....
40. How Kai Khusrau returned to his Grandsire
41. How Afrasiyab was captured by Hum of the Race
of r'aridun .....
42. How Afrasiyab escaped from Hum
43. How Kaus and Kluisrau came to Hum
44. How Afrasiyab was taken the second Time and
how he and Garsi'waz were slain .
45. How Kaus and Khusrau returned to Pars
46. The Death of Kai Kaus
47. How Kai Khusrau fell into Melancholy
48. How the Nobles inquired why Khusrau had closed
his Court ......
49. How the frinians summoned Zal and Rustam
50. How Kai Khusrau saw Surush in a Dream .
51. How Zal admonished Kai Khusrau
52. How Kai Khusrau answered Zal.
53. How Zal rebuked Kai Khusrau.
54. How Kai Khusrau answered and how Z^l c^cused
himself ......
55. How Kai Khusrau gcve his last Charge to
Iranians ......
56. How Kai Khusrau apiiointcd Gudarz to be
Mandatary .....
th
hi
. IV
.vr.K
216
217
219
,221
223
224
229
230
232
238
241
247
250
256
259
261
264
266
269
270
272
275
277
280
282
284
2S6
288
291
294
154 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Kai Khusrau —
Part VII. The Great War, elc. {continued) — Voi.. IV
SECT. rAOK.
57. How Zal asked of Kai Khusrau a Patent for Rustam 296
58. How Kai Kausrau gave a Patent to Giv . . 298
59. How Kai Khusrau gave a Patent to Tiis . . 299
60. How Kai Khusrau gave the Kingship to Luhrasp. 300
6t. How Kai Khusrau farewelled his Women . . 304
62. How Kai Khusrau went to the Mountains and
vanished in the Snow ..... 303
63. How the Paladins were lost in the Snow . .308
64. How Luhrasp had Tidings of the Disappearance
of Kai Khusrau . . . . . .311
LuhrAsp—
1. How Luhrasp built a Fire-temple at Balkh . . 316
2. How Gushtasp quitted Luhrasp in Wrath . .318
3. How Gushtasp returned with Zarir . . . 320
4. How Gushtasp set off for Rum .... 323
5. How Gushtasp arrived in Rum .... 324
6. How a Village-chief entertained Gushtasp . .327
7. The Story of Katayun the Daughter of Caesar . 329
8. How Caesar gave Katdyiin to Gushtasp . -331
9. How Mirin asked in Marriage Caesar's second
Daughter 333
10. How Gushtasp slew the Wolf .... 337
11. How Ahran asked Caesar's third Daughter in
Marriage 34-
12. How Gushtasp slew the Dragon and how Caesar
gave his Daughter to Ahran. . . . 346
13. How Gushtasp displayed his Prowess upon the
Riding-ground . . . . . • 349
14. How Caesar wrote to llyas and demanded Tribute. 352
15. How Gushtasp fought with llyas and slew liim . 355
16. How Ca;sar demanded from Luhrasp Tribute for
fran 35^
17. How Zarir carried a Message from Luhrasp to
Cajsar ....... 359
18. How Gushtasp returned with Zarir to the Land of
fran and received the Throne from Luhrasp . 361
Index . 367
VOLUME V
I'AOE
Abbreviations. ........ 3
Note on Pronunciation ....... 5
THE KAIANIAN DYNASTY {continued)
Gushtasp —
Part I. The Coming of Zarduhsht and the War
with Arjasp —
SECT.
1. How Firdausi saw Daki'ki in a Dream. . . 30
2. How Luhiasp went to Balkh and Gushtasp sat
upon the Throne . . . . Z^
33
35
37
4°
4-i
43
47
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS I55
GushtAsp —
Part I. The Coming of Zarduhsht, clc. [continued) — Vol. V
SKCT. PAOt:
3. How Zarduhsht appeared and how Giishtasp
accepted his livaiigul ....
4. Mow Gushtasp refused to Arjasp the Tribute for
Iran .......
5. Hew Arjasp wrote a Letter to Gushtisp
6. How .\rjasp sent Envoys to Gushtasp.
7. How Zarir made Answer to Arjasp
8. How the Envoys returned to Arjasp with the
Li-ttcr of GushtcLsp ....
9. How Gushtasp assembled his Troops .
10. How Jamasp foretold the Issue of the Battle to
Gushtasp ....... 48
1 1. How Gushtasp and ArjAsp arrayed their Hosts . 54
iz. The Beginning of the Battle between the franians
and Turanians, and how Ardshir, Shirii, and
Shidasp were skin ..... 56
13. How Girami, Jamasp's Son, and Xfvzar w-ere slain 58
14. How Zari'r, the Brother of Gushtasp, was slain by
Bidirafsh Oi
15. How Asfandiyar heard of the Slaying of Zarir . 65
16. How Asfandiyar went to Battle with Arjasp . 66
17. How Nastiir and Asfandiyar slew Bidirafsh. . 69
18. How Arjasp iied from the Battle ... 71
19. How the Turkmans received Quarter from Asfan-
diyar ....... 72
20. How Gushtasp returned to Balkh ... 74
2 1 . How Gushtasp sent Asfandiyar to all the Provinces,
and how the Folk received from him the good
Religion ....... 76
22. How Gurazm spake Evil of Asfandiyar . . 78
23. How Jamasp came to Asfandiyar ... 80
24. How Gushtasp imprisoned Asfandiyar. . . 82
25. How Gushtasp w-ent to Sistan and how Arjasp
arrayed his Host the second Time. . . 85
26. The Words of Dakiki being ended, Firdausi
resumeth, praising Shah Mahmud and criti- 87
cising Dakiki ......
27. How the Host of Arjasp marched to Balkh and 89
how Luhrasp was slain ....
28. How Gushtasp heard of the Slaying of Luhrasp and
led his Army toward ]?alkh .... 93
29. How Gushtasp was put to Flight by .\rjasp . 96
30. How Jamasp visited Asfandiyar. ... 98
31. How Asfandiyar saw his Brother Farshidward . 103
32. How Asfandiyar came to the Mountain to Gush-
tasp ........
33. How Gushtasp sent Asfandiyar the second Time
to fight Arjasp . . . . . . 1 1 )
106
124
156 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
GusHTASP^ Vol. V
Pakt II. The Story of the Seven Stages —
SECT. PAGE
1. The Praise of Mahim'ul the great King. . .118
The Seven Stages of Asfandiyar —
2. The First Stage : How Asfandiyar .slew two
Wolves . . . . . . . iig
3. The Second Stage : How Asfandiyar slew two
Lions .......
4. The Third Stage : How Asfandiyar slew a
Dragon . . . . . . .125
5. The Fourth Stage: How Asfandivar slew a
Witch .... 1 .. 128
6. The Fifth Stage : How Asfandiyai slew the
Simurgh . . . . . . .131
7. The Sixth Stage : How Asfandiyar passed
through the Snow . . . . .134
8. The Seventh Stage : How Asfandiyar crossed the
River and slew Gurgsar . . . .139
9. How Asfandiyar went to the Brazen Hold in the
Guise of a Merchant ..... 143
10. How the Sisters of Asfandiyar recognised him . 147
11. How Bishiitan assaulted the Brazen Hold . . 150
12. How Asfandiyar slew Arjasp .... 152
13. How Asfandiyar slew Kuhram . . . -155
14. How Asfandiyar wrote a Letter to Gu^lita.'^p and
his Answer . . . . . .159
15. How Asfandiyar returned to Gushtasp . . 161
Part HI. The Story of Asfandiyar's Fight with
Rustam —
1. How Asfandiyar ambitioned the Throne and how
Gushtasp took Counsel with the Astrologeis. 167
2. How Asfandiyar demanded the Ivingdom from liis
Father . . . . . . .170
3. How Gushtasp answered his Son . . .172
4. How Katayiin counselled Asfandiyar . . .175
5. How Asfandiyar led a Host to Zabul . . .177
6. How Asfandiyar sent Bahman to Rustam . .179
7. How Bahman came to Zal. . . . . 1S2
8. How Bahman gave a Message to Rustam . .184
9. How Rustam made Answer to Asfandiyar . .187
ID. How Bahman returned . . . . .190
ir. The Meeting of Rustam and AsfandiyAr . .192
12. How Asfandiyar summoned not Rustam to the
Feast . . . . . . .196
13. How Asfandiyar excused himself for not summon-
ing Rustam to the Feast . . . .198
I). Ilow Asfandiyar spake Shame of the Race of
Rustam ....... 200
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 157
GusHTASP — Vol. V
Part III. The Story of Asfandiyar's Fight, e/c. {continued) — •
SKCT. I'AOK
13. How Rustam answered Asfandiyar, praising his
own Race and Deeds ..... 202
16. How Asfandiydr boasted of his Ancestry . . 204
17. How Rustam vaunted his Valour . . . 207
18. How Rustam drank wine with Asfandiyar . . 210
19. How Rustam returned to his Palace . . .215
20. How Zal counselled Rustam . . . .218
21. How Rustam fought with Asfandiyar . . . 222
22. How the Sons of Asfandiyar were slain by Zawaia
and Faramarz . . . . . .225
23. How Rustam fled to the Heights . . . 229
24. How I^ustam took Counsel with his Kin . . 234
25. How the Simurgh succoured Rustam . . . 235
26. How Rustam went back to fight Asfandiyar. . 240
27. How Rustam shot Asfandiyar in the Eyes with an
Arrow ....... 243
28. How Asfandiyar told his last Wishes to Rustam. 247
29. How Bishutan bare the Coffin of Asfandiyar to
Gushtasp . . . . . . .251
30. How Rustam sent Bahman back to fran . . 256
Part IV. The Story of Rustam and Shaghad
1. The Prelude ....... 261 ~
2. How Rustam went to Kabul on behalf of his
Brother Shaghad ..... 263
3. How the King of Kabul dug Pits in the Hunting-
ground and how Rustam and Zawara fell
therein . ..... 268
4. How Rustam slew Shaghad and died . . . 271
5. How Zal received News cf the Slaying of Rustam
and Zawara, and how Faramarz brought their
Coffins ami set them in the Charnel-house . 273
6. How Faramarz led an Army to avenge Rustam and
slew the King of Kabul . . . .276
7. How Rudaba lost her Wits through Mourning for
Rustam . . . . . . . 27S
8. How Gushtasp gave the Kingdom to Bahnian and
died . . . . . . . .279
Bahman, Son of Asfandiy.4r —
1. How Bahman sought Revenge for the Death of
Asfandiyar . . . . . .283
2. How Bahman put Z41 in Bontis .... 285
3. How Faramarz fought with Bahman and was put
to Death 287
4. How Bahman released Z41 and returned to fran . 288
5. How Bahman married his own Daughter Humdi
and appointed his Successor. . . . 290
158 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
HumAi— Vol. V
SFX'T. PAGE
1. How Humai cast away her Son Dar^b on the River
Farat in an Ark ...... 294
2. How the Laundercr brought up Darab. . . 296
3. How Darab questioned the Launderer's Wife about
his Parentage, and how he fought against the
Riimans ....
4. How Rashnawad learned the Case of Darab
5. How Darab fought against the Host of Rum
6. How Humai recrgnised her Son.
7. How Humai seated Darab upon the Throne
Index
300
302
305
307
309
313
VOLUME VI
PAGE
Genealogical Table of the Sasanians .... 3
Abbreviations. ........ 5
Note on Pronunciation ....... 8
THE KAIAnIAN dynasty (concluded)
DArAb—
1. How Darab built the City of Darabgird . . 20
2. How Darab defeated the Host of Shu'ib . . 21
3 How Darab fought with Failakiis and took to Wife
his Daughter ...... 22
4. How Darab sent back the Daughter of Failakiis
to Riim, and how Sikandar was born . . 25
Dara, Son of Darab —
1. How Dara harangued the Chiefs and took Order
for the Realm ...... 34
2. The Death of Failakiis and Sikandar 's Accession
tc the Throne ...... 35
3. How Sikandar went as his own Ambassador to
Dara ....... 38
4. How Dara fought with Sikandar and was worsted. 42
5. How Dara fought with Sikandar the second Time. 43
6. How Sikandar fought with Dara the third Time,
and how Dara fled to Kirman ... 46
7. How Dara wrote to Sikandar to propose Peace . 49
8. How Dara was slain by his Ministers ... 50
9. How Dara told his last Wishes to Sikandar and
died ........ 52
10. How Sikandar wrote to the Nobles of Irin . . 57
Sikandar —
1. How Sikandar sat upon the Throne of fran . . 85
2. How Sikandar wrote to Dilarai and Riishanak,
the Wife and Daughter of Dara, touching the
Nuptials of Riishanak. .... 85
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 159
SiKANDAR {continued) — Vol. VI
SECT. PAGK
3. How Dilarai answered the Letter of Sikandar . 87
4. How Sikandar sent his Mother, Nahid, to fetch
Rushanak, and how he married her . . 89
5. How Kaid of Hind had a Dream, and how Mihran
interpreted it . . . . . , gi
6. How Sikandar marched against Kaid of Hind and
wrote a Letter to him ..... 98
7. How Kaid of Hind answered Sikandar's Letter
and announced the Sending of the Four
Wonders ....... 99
8. How Sikandar sent back the Messenger to receive
the Four Wonders . . . . .100
9. How Sikandar sent Ten Sages with a Letter to
inspect tlie Four Wonders of Kaid of Hind . 10 1
10. How the Ten Sages brought the Daughter, the Cup,
the Leech, and the Sage, from Kaid of Hind
to Sikandar ...... 103
11. How Sikandar tested the Sage, the Leech, and the
Cup sent by Kaid of Hind . . . .104
12. How Sikandar led a Host against Fur of Hind
and wrote a Letter to him . . . .110
13. How Fur answered the Letter of Sikandar . . iii
14. How Sikandar arrayed his Host to fight with Fur
of Hind and made iron Steeds and Riders filled
with Naphtha . . . . . .112
15. How the Host of Sikandar fought with the Host
of Fiir, how Fiir was slain by Sikandar, and
how Sikandar seated Sawurg upon the Throne
of Fiir . . . . . . .116
16. How Sikandar went on a Pilgrimage to the House
of the Kaaba . . . . . .119
17. How Sikandar led his Troops from Judda toward
Misr . . . . . . . .121
18. Sikandar's Letter to Kaidafa, Queen of Andalus,
and her Answer ...... 123
ig. How Sikandar led his Troops to Andalus and took
the Hold of King Fary4n . . . .124
20. How Sikandar went as an Ambassador to Kaidafa
and was recognised by her . . . .127
21. How Kaidafa counselled Sikandar . . .132
22. How Tainiish, the Son of Kaidafa, was wroth with
Sikandar, and how Sikandar took Precaution
against him . . . . . .134
23. How Sikandar made a Compact with Kaidafa and
returned to his Troops. . . . .138
24. How Sikandar went to the Country of the Brah-
mans, iii(]uired into tlu-ir Mysteries, and
received an Answer , . . . .143
i6o GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
SiKANDAR (continued) — Vol. VI
SECT. I'AUK
25. How Sikandar came to the Western Sea and saw
Wonders . . . . . . .147
26. How Sikandar reached the Land of Habash,
fought, and was victorious . . . .149
27. How Sikandar reached the Land of the Narmpai,
how he fought and was victorious, how he
slew a Dragon, ascended a Mountain, and was
forewarned of his own Death . . .150
28. How Sikandar reached the City of Women, named
Harum, and saw Wonders there . . . 153
29. How Sikandar went into the Gloom to seek the
Water of Life and spake with Birds and
Israfi'l . . . . . . .159
30. How Sikandar went to the East, saw Vv'oadeis, and
built a Barrier against Yajuj and Majiij . .163
31. How Sikandar saw a Corpse in a Palace of Jewels
on the Top of a Mountain, and the Speaking
Tree, and how he was warned of his Death . 1 66
32. How Sikandar marched his Army to Chin, carried
his own Letter to Faghfiir, and returned to
his Army wich the Answer . . . .169
33. How Sikandar returned from Chin, made War
against the Sindians, and went to Yaman . i 74
34. How Sikandar marched toward Babil and found
the Treasure of Kai Khusrau in a City . . 1 76
35. How Sikandar went to the City of Babil, wrote a
Letter to Arastalis, and received his Answer . 1 78
36. Sikandar's I etter to his Mother . . . .181
37. How Sikandar's Life ended and how they carried
his Coffin to Iskandan'ya . . . .183
38. How the Sages and other Folk lamented Sikandar 185
39. How the Mother and Wife of Sikandar lamented
him . . . . . . . .187
40. Firdausi's Complaint of the Sky and Appeal to God 189
THE ASHKANL\N dynasty
SECT.
1. The Praise of Mahm lid ..... 207
2. The Tribal Kings . . . . . .210
3. How Papak saw Sasan in a Dream and gave him
a Daughter in Marriage . . . .211
4. How Ardshir Papakdn was born, and of his Case
with Ardawan . . . . . .213
5. How Ardawdn's Slave-girl fell in Love with
Ardshir and how he fled with her to Pars. . 217
6. How Ardawan heard of the Flight of Ardshir with
the Damsel and pursued them . . .220
7. How .\rdawan wrote to Bahman, his Son, to take
Ardshir 223
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS i6i
The Ashkanian Dynasty [continued) — Vol. VI
SKCT. PACK
8. How Tabcik helped Ardshir, fought with Bahman,
and conquered him ..... 225
9. How Anlawan led forth his Host for Battle with
Ardshir and was slain . . . . .227
10. How .'Vrdshir fought with the Kurds and was
defeated . . . . . . .230
11. How Ardshir attacked the Kurds by Night and
overthrew them ...... 232
12. The Story of Haftwdd and the Case of the Worm . 232
13. How Ardshir fought with Haftw4d and was worsted 236
14. How Mihrak of Jahram sacked the Palace of
Ardshir ....... 237
15. How ^Ardshir heard about the Worm and made
Shift to slay it . . . . . .239
16. How Ardshir slew Haftwad .... 244
THE SAsANIAN dynasty
Ardshir Papakan —
SECT.
1. How Ardshir Papakan sat upon the Throne in
fJaghdad ....... 258
2. The Case of Ardshir and the Daughter of Ardawan 259
3. How Shapiir was born to Ardshir by the Daughter
of Ardawin, and how after seven Years Ard-
shir heard of his Son and acknowledged him. 261
4. How Ardshir, to find out the Future of his Reign,
sent to Kaid of Hind, and Raid's Reply . . 266
5. The Adventure of Shapur with the Daughter of
Mihrak, and his taking her to Wife . . 268
6. How Urmuzd was born to Shdpiir by the Daughter
of Mihrak ....... 271
7. Of the Wisdom of Ardshir and his Method of
administering the Realm . . . .273
8. How Kharrad praised Ardshir . . . .284
9. On the Faithlessness of Fortune. . . . 285
10. How Ardshir charged Shapur and died. . • 286
1 1. Thanksgiving to the Maker and Praise of Mahmiid,
the great King . . . . . .291
Shapur, Son of AuDSufR — -
1. How Shapur sat upon the Throne and delivered
a Charge to the Chieftains .... 295
2. How Shapur fought with the Riimans, how Baz-
dnush, their General, was taken Priscncr, and
how Cajsar made Peace with Shdpiir . . 296
3. How Shapur seated I'rmuzd upon tlieThrone and
died . . . . . . . . 299
Vol. IX L
1 62 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Urmuzd, Son of Shapur — Vol. VI
SECT. TACJE
1. How Urmuzd addressed the Assembly. . • 302
2. How Urmuzd gave up the Throne to Bahram,
charged him, and died . . . . . 303
Baiiram, Son of Urmuzd —
I. How Bahram succeeded to the Throne, charged
the Nobles, and died ..... 307
BahrAm, Son of Bahram —
I. How Bahram, Son of Bahram, ascended the
Throne, charged the Nobles, and died . .311
Bahram Bahramiyan —
I. How Bahram Bahramiyan succeded to the Throne
and died four Months aftfr . . . -313
NARsf, Son of Bahram —
I. How Narsf succeeded to the Throne, counselled his
Son, and died . . . . . '315
Urmuzd, Son of Narsi —
I. How Urmuzd, Son of Narsi, ascended the Throne,
and how his Life ended . . . .31(8
Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, surnamed Zu'l AktAf —
1. How Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, was born forty dnys
after his Father's Death, and how he was
crowned . . . . . . .328
2. How Tair, the Arab, carried of? the Daughter of
Narsi and married her, how Shapur went to
Yaman to fight him, and how his Daughter
fell in Love with Shapur .... 330
3. How Tair was bemused by his Daughter and how
she came to Shapur, who took the Hold and
slew Tair ....... 333
4. How Shapur went disguised as a Mci chant to Riim,
how he was taken by Caesar, and how Caesar
ravaged the Land of fran .... 335
5. How the Damsel took Measures to free Shapur, ard
how he Red with her from Rum . . . 339
6. How the High Priest and the Captain of the Ho=t,
hearing of Shapi'jr's Arrival, went to him
with the Troops ...... 345
7. How Shapur made a Night-attack, and how Ca?sar
was taken ....... 346
8. How Shai)ur went to Riim and foiight willi Yanus,
Caesar's Brother . . . . . '351
9. How the Rumans placed Bazanush upon the
Throne of Cajsar ; his Letter to Shapur and
the Answer. ...... 3p3
GENERAL TABLE 01- CONTENTS 163
Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, {continued) — Vol. VI
SECT. PAGE
10. How BazAniish went to Shapur and* made a Treaty
cf Peace ....... 335
11. How JMani, the Painter, came to Shapur with Pre-
tence of being a Prophet, and was sld in . . 358
12. How Shapur made his Brother Ardshir Regent till
his own Son should grow up, and how his Days
ended ....... 360
Ardshir, Brother of Shapur —
I. How Ardshir sat upon the Throne and gave a
Charge to the Officers ..... 363
Shapur, Son of ShapiJr —
I. How Shapur, Son of Shapur, sat upon the Tlirone
and gave a Charge to the Officers . . . 365
Bah RAM, Son of Shapur —
I. How Bahram sat upon the Throne and gave a
Charge to the Officers ..... 368
Yazdagird, Son of ShapiJr —
1. Hov/ Yazdagird sat upon tlie Throne and gave a
Charge to the Officers ..... 374
2. How Bahram Gur, Son of Yazdagird, was born and
sent to be brought up by Munzir, the Aiab . 375
3. How Bahram went to the Chase svith a Damsel and
how he displayed his Accomplishment . . 382
4. How Bahram showed his Accomplishment in the
Chase before Munzir ..... 384
5. How Bahram came with Nu'man to Yazdagird . 386
6. How Yazdagird put liahram in Bonds, how he
escaped by the good Offices of Tainiish, and
how he returned to Munzir .... 389
7. How Yazdagird, by the Advice of an Archmage,
went to the Spring of Sav and was killed by
a Water-horse . . . . . . 30i
8. How the Iranians took Counsel and placed Khus-
rau upon the Throne ..... 394
9. How Baliram Gi'ir heard of the Death of his I-'ather
and invaded fran ..... 395
10. Tfow the Iranians heard of Bahram's Pillaging
and wrote to Munzir, and how he replied . 397
11. How Bahram Gur arrived at Jahram with the Host
of Munzir, and how the Iranians went out to
him ........ 400
12. How Bahram Gur harangued the frdnians as to his
Fitness to rule, how they rejected him but
promised him the Kingship if he would take
the Crown from between the Lions . .402
iG.j GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Yazdagird, Son of Shapur {continued) — Vol. VI
SECT. PACiE
13. How Bahram and Khusrau went to the Waste, and
how Bahram slew the Lions and took his Seat
upon the Throne ..... 409
Index . . . , 413
VOLUME VII
PAGE
Prefatory Note ........ v
Abbreviations. ........ xvi
Note on Pronunciation ....... xviii
THE SAsANIAN dynasty {continued)
BahrAm Gur —
sect.
1. How Bahram ascended the Throne, charged the
Officers, and wrote Letters to all the Chiefs . 7
2. How Bahram pardoned the Fault of the Iranians,
farewelled Munzir and Nu'man, and remitted
the Iranians' Arrears of Taxes ... 9
3. How Bahram went to the House of Lambak, the
Water-carrier, and became his Guest . . 12
4. How Bahram went to the House of Baraham, the
Jew, who treated him scurvily . . .16
5. How Bahram bestowed the Wealth of Baraham
upon Lambak . . . . . .19
6. How Bahram slew Lions and forbade Wine-
drinking ....... 21
7. The Story of the young Shoemaker and how
Bahram allowed Wine again . ... 24
8. How Riizbih, Bahram's High Priest, ruined a
Village by a Stratagem and restored it . . 26
9- How Bahram married a Country Miller's Daughters 31
10. How Bahram found the Treasures of Jamshid and
bestowed them upon the Poor ... 34
1 1. How Bahram, returning from Hunting, went to the
House of a Merchant and departed displeased . 39
12. How Bahram slew a Dragon and went to a Yokel's
House ....... 42
13. How Bahram went to the Chase and espoused the
Daughters of the Thane Barzin ... 48
14. How Bahram slew Lions, went to the House of a
Jeweller, and married his Daughter. . . 55
15. How Bahram went to the Chase and passed the
Night in the House of Farshidward . . 67
16. How a Bramble-grubber revealed the Case of
Farshflward, and how Bahram bestowed
that Householder's Wealth upon the Poor . 70
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 165
JjAiiUAM GuR {continued) — - Vol. VII
SECT. rAi;K
17. How IJaliiain went to the Chase ami slow Lions . 74
18. How Jialire'im went to hunt the Onager, showed
liis Skill before the Princes, and retuined to
Baghdad and Istakhr ..... So
19. How the Khan of Chin led forth a Host to war
with Bahrain, and how the frdnians asked
Quarter of the Kh4n and submitted to him . 84
20. How Bahram attacked the Host of the Khan and
took him ....... 89
21. How Bahrain took a Pledge from the Tur;mians,
how he set up a Pillar to delimit the Realm,
and placed Shahra upon the Throne of Turan. 90
22. How Bahram wrote to announce his Victory to his
Brother Narsi and returned to Iran . . 92
23. How Bahram wrote a Letter of Directions to his
Officials ....... 96
24. How Bahram called before him the Envoy of Cajsar,
and how the Envoy questioned and answered
the Archmages . . . . . .101
25. How Bahram dismissed Caesar's Envoy and
charged his own Officials . . . .106
26. How Bahram went with his own Letter to Shangul
King of Hind . . . . . .109
27. How Shangul received the Letter from Bahram
and made Reply . . . . .114
28. How Shangul prepared a Feast for Bahram, and
how Bahram displayed his Prowess . . 116
29. How Shangul suspected Bahram and kept him from
Iran . . . . . . . .118
30. How Bahram fought with the Wolf at the Bidding
of Shangul and slew it . . . . .121
31. How Bahram slew a Dragon . . . .124
32. How Shangul became troubled about Bahram and
gave a Daughter to him . . . .126
33. How Faghfiir of Chin wrote to Bahram and how
he replied . . . . . . .129
34. How Bahram fled from Hindustan to fran with the
Daughter of Shangul ..... 131
35. How Shangul followed Bahram, learned who he
was, and was reconciled to him . . • I35
36. How Shangul went back to Hind and Bahram to
Iran 137
37. How Shangul with seven Kings visited Bahram . 140
38. How Shangul returned to Hindustan, and how
Bahram remitted the Property-tax to the
Land-owners . . . . . .144
39. How Bahrim summoned Gipsies from Hindustan . 14S
40. How the Time of Bahrim came to an End . . 150
i66 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Yazuagird, Son of Bahram Gur — \'oL. VII
SKCT. I'AGK
I. How "\'azdagir<l sat upon the Throne and exhorted
the Captains of the Host . . . • 1 54
HURMUZ — -
I. How Hurmuz, Son of Yazdagird, ascended the
Throne . . . . . . .157
PiRiiz —
1. Flow Piriiz sat upon the Throne and made an
Oration . . . . . . .161
2. How Piriiz built the Cities of Piruz-Ram and
Badan-Piruz, and how he went to war with
Turan 163
3. The Letter of Khu.shnawaz to I'lriiz . . .165
4. How Piriiz fought with Khiishnawaz and was
slain . . . . . . . .167
Balash —
1. How Balash ascended the Throne and harangued
the Iranians . . . . . .171
2. How Siifarai had Tidings of the Slaying of Piriiz,
how he wrote a Letter to Khiishnawaz, and
how Khiishnawaz replied . . . .173
3. How Siifarai fought with Khiishnawaz, and how
Kubad was released from his I jondage . .176
KuBAD, Son of Piruz — •
1. How Kubad sat upon the Throne and made an
Oration to the franians . . . . 18S
2. How Siifarai went to Shiraz, how the Iranians
slandered him to Kubad, and how Kubad slew
him 190
3. How the Iranians put Kubad in Bonds and com-
mitted him to Rizmihr, the Son of Siifarai,
and how Jamasp, the Brother of Kubad, was
set upon the Throne . . . . -195
4. How Kubad escaped from Ward with Rizmihr,
how he wedded the Daughter of a Thane, and
how he took Refuge with the Haitalians . 197
5. How Kubad returned from Haitdl to Iran, how
he had Tidings of the Birth of his Son, Niishir-
wan, and reascended the Throne . . .199
6. The Story of Kubdd and Mazdak, and how Kubad
adopted the h'aith of Mazdak . . . 201
7. How Nushirwan rejected the Faith of Mazdak and
slew him and his Followers .... 205
8. How Kubad nominated Kisri as Successor;
and how the Great gave him the name of
Niishfrwan ...... 209
GENERAL TAI^LE OF CONTENTS 167
Ni^sHfRwAN — Vol. VII
TAKr I. Nushirwan's Administration of the
Realm, his Wars with Frontier-Tribes
and with kum, and the revolt of
NUSHZAD
8KCT. PAOE^
1. The Prelude 220
2. How Nushirwdn ascended the Thruiie and made
an Oration to the Iranians . . . .221
3. How Nushirwdn divided his Realm into four
Parts and wrote a Decree to his Officers on
the Administration of Justice . . .224
4. How Nushirwan required Babak to muster the
Host 230
5. How Niishi'rwan harangued the franians, and how
the Kings acknowledged his Supremacy. . 234
6. How Nushirwan went round his Empire and built
a Wall in the Pass between Iran and Turin . 236
7. How Nushirwan chastised the Alans anil the Men
of Baliich and Gilan ..... 239
8. How Munzir, the Arab, came to Nushirwan for
Succour against the Injustice of Caesar . . 244
g. The Letter of Shah Nushirwan to Caesar of Rum . 247
10. How the Letter of Nushirwan reached Caesar and
how he replied ...... 248
11. How Nushirwan went to war with Caesar . . 249
12. How Nushirwan took divers Strongholds in his
March to Rum . . . • . • -54
13. The Battle of Nushirwan with Farfuriyus, the
Leader of Caesar's Host, the Victory of Nushir-
wan, and his Capture of Kaliniyiis and Anta-
kiya ........ 255
14. How Nushirwan built the City of Zib-i-Khusrau in
the Likeness of Antakiya and settled the
Riiman Captives therein . . . . 259
15. How Caesar wrote to Nushirwan and sent Tribute . 261
16. The Birth of Nushzid, the Son of Nushir\van, by a
Woman who was a Christian . . .263
17. The Sickness of Nushirwan and the Sedition of
Nushzad 265
iS. The Letter of Nushirwan to Ram Barzin, the
Warden of the March of Mada'in, respecting
the Taking of Nushzad .... 2G7
19. How Ram Barzin fought with NushzAd, and how
Nushzad was slain . . . . .272
Part 1 1. The Story of Buzurjmihr and the
Seven T3anquets of NusniRWAN —
I. How Nushirwan had a Dream and how Buzurjmihr
interpreted it . . . . • . 2S1
i68 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
NuSufRWAN
Part II. The Story of Buzurjmihr, etc. (continued) — Vol. VII
SKCT. I'.VOK
2. The fir.-;t Banquet of Niishirwan to the Sages, and
the Counsels of Buzurjmihr .... 287
3. The second Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr
and the Archimages . . . . .290
4. The third Banquet of Niishirwan to Biizurjmiiir
and the Archimages ... . . . 296
5. The fourth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr
and the Arcliimages . . . . . 30 1
6. The fifth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr
and the Archimages ..... 304
7. The sixth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr
and the Archimages ..... 307
8. The seventh Banquet of Niishirwan to Biizurjmihr
and the Archimages . . . . .312
Part III. The Story of Mahbud and other
Matters —
SECT.
1. The Story of Mahbiid, the Wazir of Niishirwan,
and how Mahbiid and his Sons were slain by
the Sorcery of Ziiran and a Jew . . -318
2. How the Sorcery of Ziiran and the Jew in the
Matter of Mahbud was discovered, and how
both were slain by Command of Niishirwan . 323
3. In Praise of the Wisdom of Niishirwan, and how
he built the City of Siirsan . . . .326
4. The Story of the War of the Khan with Ghatkar,
the Prince of the Haitalians, the Defeat of
Ghitkar, and how they set Faghanish upon
the Throne ...... 328
5. How Niishirwan had Tidings of the Battle of the
Khan with the Haitalians and how he led a
Host against the Khan .... 333
6. How the Khan had Tidings of the Coming of the
Host of Niishirwan to Gurgan and wrote a
Letter in the Cause of Peace .... 337
7. How Niishirwan answered the Letter of the Khan 342
8. How the Khan bethought himself and wrote offer-
ing his Daughter in Marriage to Niishirwan . 345
9. How Niishirwdn answered the Letter, and sent
Mihran Sitad to see and fetch the Daughter
of the Khan ...... 349
10. How the Kh4n sent his Daughter, escorted by
Mihran, with a Letter and Treasures to
NiishirwAn ...... 354
11. How the Kh4n witlidrew, and how Niishirwcin
marched from tiurgan to Taisafiin . . 358
12. Discourse on the Justice of Niishirwan and how
Mortals had Peace under his Usages . . 364
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 169
NusIlfRWAN
Part 111. The Story or MAiiisun, clc. {continued)-- Vol. VII
si;cT. ,. i--\t-i'^
13. How Buzurjinihr counselled Nuslnrwan uiul dis-
coursed on good Deeds and \Vords. . . 3O6
Part IV. The Introduction of the Game of Chess
INTO Iran. The Legend of the Inven-
tion OF the Game. The Discovery of
the Hook of Kalii.a and Dimna
1. How the Kaja of Hind sent the Game of Chess to
Nushirwin ...... 3^^4
2. How Buzurjmihr invented Nard, and how Niishir-
wan sent it with a Letter to the Raja of Hind . 389
3. The Story of Gav and Talhand, and the Invention
of Chess 394
4. How Niishirwan sent Barzwi, the Leech, to Hin-
dustan to fetch a wondrous Drug, and how
Barzwi brought back the Book of Kalila and
Dimna ....... 423
Index ,......••• 433
VOL. VIII
page
Abbreviations ........ xv
Note on Pronunciation ...... xvi
THE S.isANIAN DYNASTY (continued)
Ni!fshir\v.4n (continued) —
Part V. The Fall and Restoration to Favour of
Buzurjmihr, and the Wisdom of Nush-
Irwan —
sect.
1. How Nushirsvan was wroth with Buzurjmihr and
ordered him to be put in Ward ... 4
2. How the Ambassador of Caesar came to Niishirwan
with a locked Casket and how Biizurjmihr
was set at large to declare its Contents . . 8
3. Discourse on the Responses of Niishirwan . . 14
4. Niishirwan's Letter of Counsel to his Son Hurmuzd 25
5. How an Archmage questioned Niishirwan and how
he made Answer ...... 28
Part VI. The Shah's last Years —
1. How Niishirwan made ready to war against
Caesar ....... 43
2. How Niishirwin took the Stronghold of Sakila
and how a Shoemaker had Dealings with him . 46
3. How the Envoys of C;csar came to Niishirwan
witli Apologies and Presents. . . .51
A. How Niishirwan chose Hurmuzd as his Successor. 54
lyo GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Nlisiiirwan —
Part VI. Tiik S iah's Last Years {conti)nied) — Vol. VIII
SECT. I-AGE
5. How the Archimages qiicstioned Hunmizd and
how he repHed ...... 57
6. How Nushirwan appointed llurmuzd as his Suc-
cessor and gave him parting Counsels . . 61
7. How Nushirwan had a Dream and how Buzurjmihr
interpreted it as signifying the Appearance of
Muhammad ...... 66
HuRMUZD, Son of Nijfshirwan —
1. The Prelude ....... 77
2. How Hurmuzd ascended the Throne and harangued
the Chiefs ....... 78
3. How Hurmuzd slew fzid Gashasp, Zarduhsht,
Simah Barzfn, and Bahram Azarniihan, his
Father's Ministers . . . . .81
4. How Hurmuzd turned from Tyranny to Justice . 90
5. How Hosts gathered from all Sides against Hur-
muzd, and how he took Counsel with his
Wazirs . . . . . . .92
6. How Hurmuzd heard of Bahram Chiibina and
sent for him ...... 96
7. How Bahram Chubi'na came to Hurmuzd and was
made Captain of the Host .... 100
8. How Bahram Chubina went with twelve thousand
Cavaliers to fight King Sawa . . .106
9. How King Sawa sent a Message to Bahram
Chubina and his Answer . . . .113
10. How King Sawa and Bahram Chubina set the
Battle in Array against each other. . . 115
1 1 . How King Sawa sent another Message to Bahram
Chubina and his Answer . . . .117
12. How Bahram Chubina had a Dream in the Night,
how he gave Battle the next Morning, and
how King Sawa was slain . . . .121
13. How Bahram Chubina sent a Letter announcing his
Victory, and the Head of King Sawa, to Hur-
muzd, and his Answer . . . . .129
14. How Bahram Chubina fought with Parmuda. Son
of King Sawa, and overcame him, and how
Parmuda took Refuge in the Hold of Awaza . 134
15. How Bahram Chubina sent a Message to Parmuda
and how Parmuda asked Quarter . . . 138
16. How Bahram Clu'ibina asked of Hurmuzd a War-
rant to spare the Life of Parmuda and the
Answer . . . . . . .141
17. How Hurmuzd's Letter, granting Quarter to Par-
muda, reached Bahram Chubina, and how
Bahram Chubina was wroth with Parmuda . 143
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 171
HuRMUZD, Son of NusnfRWAN {conliniied) — Vol. VIII
SKi-T. '"Ati '•:
18. How Parmrida came before llurmuzii with llie
Treasures sent by Hiihraiii Clii'il)ina . . 1 49
19. How Iliinmizd hoard of tlie Ill-doing of Hahrani
Chubina and made a Compact with the Khan 151
20. How Hnrmuzd wrote a chiding Letter to Bahram
Chubi'na and sent him a Distaff-case, Cotton,
and Women's Raiment . . . -153
21. How^ Bahram Chubina ]nit on the Woman's Dress
and showed himself therein to the Chiefs of the
Host 134
22. How Bahram Chubina went to hunt and saw a
Lady who foretold the Future to him . .156
23. How Bahram Chubina assumed the royal Style
and how Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and the
Archscribc fled . . . . . • 15'*^
24. How Hnrmuzd received News of ]5ahram Chi'i-
bina's Doings, and how Bahram Chubina sent a
Frail of Swords to Hurmuzd . . . .160
25. How Bahram Chubina made known to the Chiefs
his Designs upon the Throne, and how his
Sister Gurdya advised him . . . .163
26. Bahram Chiibina's Letter to the Khan and how he
coined Money ^vith the name of Khusrau
Parwiz and sent it to Hurmuzd . . .172
27. How Bahram Chubina wrote to Hurmuzd and how
Khusrau Parwiz fled from his Father . -173
28. How Hurmuzd sent Ayin Gashasp with an Army
to fight Bahram Chubina and how he was slain
by his Comrade . . . . .177
29. How Hurmuzd grieved, refused Audience to the
Iranians, and was blinded by Bandwi and
Gustaham . . . . . • .182
Parwiz heard of the Blinding of
• . . • .184
. • . .196
Parwiz sat upon the Throne and
made an Oration . . . . . -197
3. How Khusrau Parwiz visited his Father and asked
Forgiveness . . . . • .198
4. How Bahram Chubina heard of the 1 Minding of
Shah Hurmuzd and how he led his Troops
against Khusrau Parwiz .... 200
5. >Iow Khusrau Parwiz and Bahram Chubina met
and parleyed ....•• 204
6. How Bahram Chubina and Khusrau Parwiz
returned, how Ciurdya advised Bahram Chu-
bina, and how Khusrau Parwiz told his Pur-
pose to the Iranians . . . • .220
30.
, How Khusrau
Hurmuzd
Kh
USRAU
Parwiz —
I.
, The Prelude
2.
. How Khusrau
172 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
KiiusRAU Parwiz {coiilinited) — Vol. VIII
SECT. _ I'AGE
7. How Bahrain ChubiiKt attacked the Army of
Khusrau Parwiz by Night and how Khusrau
Parwiz fled . . . . . .226
8. How Khusrau Parwiz went to his Sire and fled to
Riim, and how Hurmuzd was slain . . 230
9. How Bahram Chubina sent Troops after Khusrau
Parwiz and how Bandwi contrived to rescue
him from tlicir Hands. . . . .233
10. How Balrram, the Son of Siyawush, took Bandwi
and carried him to Bahram Chubina . . 237
11. How Bahram Chubina summoned the Magnates of
fran, how they discussed his Pretensions to
the Kingdom, and liow he acceded to the
Tlirone ....... 239
12. How Bandwi plotted with Bahram, the Son of Siya-
wush, to slay Bahram Chubina, and how
Bandwi fled from Bond .... 245
13. How Khusrau Parwiz went toward Riim by the
Desert-route and how a Hermit told him of
the Past and Future ..... 249
14. How a Cavalier of Caesar came to Khusrau Parwiz
and how he sent an Answer by Gustaham,
Balwi, Andiyan, Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and
Shapur to Csesar. ..... 257
15. How Caviar answered the Letter of Kliusrau Parwiz 2G0
16. How Caesar wrote to Khusrau Parwiz, declining to
help him, and his Answer . . . .261
17. How Caesar wrote the second Time to Khusrau
Parwiz about giving him Aid . . . 264
18. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Caesar about the
Alliance ....... 269
19. How Cresar made a Talisman and deceived the
Envoys of Khusrau Parwiz, and how Kharrad,
Son of Barzin, solved the Mystery . . . 271
20. How Kharrad, Son of Barzin, expounded the
Faith of the Indians and exhorted Caesar . 275
21. How Caesar sent a Host and his Daughter to Khus-
rau Parwiz. . . . . . .278
22. How Khusrau Parwiz led his Host to Azar Abada-
gan and how Bandwi met him on the Way . 281
23. How Bahram Chubina had Tidings of the Coming
of Khusrau Parwiz and wrote a Letter to the
Chiefs of fran, and how the Letter fell into the
Hands of Khusrau I'arwiz and his Answer . 284
24. How Khusrau Parwiz fought with Bahram Chu-
bina and how Kut, the l^unian, was slain . 288
25. How Khusrau I'arwiz fought with I'ahram Chu-
bina the second Time, was defeated, and
escaped from him by the Help of Surush . . 292
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 173
Khusrau Parw/z [continued) — Vol. VIII
8KCT. I'ACK
26. How Khusrau Parwi'z fought the third Time with
Bahram Chubina and defeated him . . 300
27. I low Khusrau Parwiz sent an Army under Nastuh
after Baliram Chi'ibina, and how Bahram
Chubina captured liim and reached the Khan
of Chin . 303
28. How Khusrau Prrwiz pillaged the Camp of Bah-
ram Chubina and wrote a Letter to Ca>sar who
answered it with a Robe of Honour and Gifts 306
29. How Niyatus was wroth with Bandwi and how
Maryam made Peace between them . . 309
30. How Khusrau Parwiz gave Presents to Niyatus
and the Rumans, how he dismissed them to
Riim, and wrote Patents for the Nobles of Iran 312
31. Firdausi's Lament for the Death of his Son . • 3'5
32. The Story of Bahram Chubina and the Khan of
Cliiu i^d
33. How Makatiira was slain by Bahram Chubina . 320
34. How the Lion-ape slew a Daughter of the Khan,
how it was slain by Bahram Chubina, and how
the Khan gave him a Daughter and the King-
dom of Chin . . . . . • 3--
35. How Khusrau Parwiz heard of the Case of Bahram
Chubina and wrote a Letter to the Khan, and
how he replied . . . • • -3-7
36. How Khusrau Parwiz sent Kharrad, Son of Barzin,
to the Khan and how he schemed to slay Bah-
ram Chubina . . . . • '331
37. How Bahram Chubina was slain by Kuliin as
Kharrad, Son of Barzin, had planned . . 336
38. Plow the Khan had Tidings of Bahram Chiibina's
Death and how he destroyed the House and
Family of Kuliin . . . . • 343
39. How Khusrau Parwiz had Tidings of the Slaying of
Bahram Chubina and honoured Kharrad, Son
of Barzin . . . . . ■3-15
40. How the Khan sent his Brother to Gurdya, the
Sister of Bahram Chiibina, with a Letter
touching her Brother's Death and asking her
in iMarriago as his (,_)ueen, and her Answer . 346
41. How Gurdya consulted her Nobles and fled from
Marv 349
42. How the Khan received Tidings of the Flight of
(hirdya and how he sent Tuwurg with an Army
after her, and how Gurdya slew Tuwurg. . 351
43. How Gurdya wrote to Gurdwi . . . . 354
44. How Khusrau Parwiz slew Bandwi . . . 354
45. How Gustaham rebelled against Khusrau Parwiz
and took Gurdya to Wife .... 355
174 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
KnusRAU Parwiz [continued) — • Vol. VIII
SECT. rA(iE
46. How Khusrau Parwiz took Counsel with Gurdwi
concerning Gustaliani and how Gurdya,
prompted by Gurdwi, slew him . . . 358
47. How Gurdya wrote to Khusrau Parwiz and how
he summoned and married her . , .361
48. How Gurdya showed her Accomplishment before
Khusrau Parwiz . . . . . -303
49. How Khusrau Parwiz sent an ill-disposed March-
lord to Rai and how he oppressed the Folk
there ....... 365
50. How Gurdya made Sport before Khusrau I'arwiz
and how he gave Rai to her .... 367
51. How Khusrau Parwiz portioned out his Realm . 368
52. How Shirwi, the Son of Khusrau Parwiz, was born
of Maryam with bad Auspices and how Khus-
rau Parwiz informed Ca*sar . . . •371
53. How Caesar wrote a Letter to Khusrau Parwiz,
sent Gifts, and asked for the Cross of Christ . 374
54. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Caesar's Letter and
sent Gifts ....... 379
The Story of Khusrau Parwiz and Shirin —
55. The Prelude .... ... 382
56. How Khusrau Parwiz loved Shirin, how they
parted, how he met her again while hunting
and sent her to his Bower . . . '383
57. liow the Nobles heard that Shirin had come to the
Bower of I\husrau Parwiz and how they
advised him and were satisfied with his Answer 3 86
58. How Shirin murdered Maryam and Khusrau Par-
wiz put Shirwi in Bonds .... 3S9
59. How Khusrau Parwiz made the Throne of Takdis 391
60. The Story of Sarkash and Barbad, the Minstrel,
and K^husrau Parwiz ..... 396
61. How Khusrau Parwiz built the Palace of Mada'in 400
62. Discourse on the Splendour and Cjreatness of
Khusrau Parwiz. ..... 405
63. How Khusrau Parwiz turned from Justice, how
the Chiefs revolted, and how Guraz calletl
in Caosar ....... 407
64. How Caesar withdrew through an Expedient of
Khusrau Parwiz antl how the Chiefs released
Shirwi from J5onds ..... 409
65. How Khusrau I'arwiz was taken and how Shirwi
sent him to Taisafun . . . . .418
Index 423
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 175
vol,. IX
rAGE
V
xi
29
Prefatory Note .......
Abbreviations. .......
Note on Pronunciation ....... xii
THE SASAXIAN DYNASTY (concluded)
Kub.4d (commonly called Shi'rwi) —
SECT.
1. How Sliirvvi ascended the Throne, announced his
Will, and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel
and Excuses ...... 8
2. How Khusrau Parwi'z answered Shirwi . . 15
3. How Shirwi grieved for Khusrau Parwi'z and how
the Chiefs were displeased thereat . . 27
4. How Barbad lamented Khusrau Parw'iz, cut off
his ow-n Fingers, and burned his Instruments
of Music .......
5. How the Chiefs demanded from Shirwi the Death
of Khusrau Parwi'z and how he was slain by
Mihr Hurmuzd ...... 32
6. How Shirwi asked Shi'n'n in ^Marriage, how Shirin
killed herself, and how Shirwi was slain . 3G
Ardshir, Son of Shirwi —
1. How Ardshir, Son of Shirwi, ascended the Throne
and harangued the Chiefs .... 44
2. How Guraz was displeased at Ardshir being Shah
and how he caused Ardshir to be slain by Piruz
Son of Khusrau ...... 45
Guraz also called FAR.\YiN —
I. How Guraz, (also called Farayin,) received News
of the Slaying of Ardshir, hastened to irkn, took
Possession of tlic Throne, and was killed by
Shahranguraz . . . . . .51
PUR.^NDUKnr —
I. How Piirandukht ascended the Thrf>iie and slew
Piruz, Son of Ivhusrau, and how her own Life
ended ....... 56
AzAR.MnUKHT —
I. How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how
she died ....... 59
Farrukhz.\d —
I. How Frrrukhzad ascended the Throne and how
liQ was slain by a Slave , . . , 6j
176 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
Yazdagird — Vol. IX
SKCT. I'ACiE
1. How Yazdagird ascended the Throne and ad-
dressed the Chiefs ..... 70
2. How Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded fran, how
Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and
how Rustam wrote a Letter to his Brother . 72
3. How Rustam wrote to Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, and
how he replied . . . . . .78
4. How Rustam fought with Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas,
and was slain ...... 83
5. How Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians and
went to Khurasan ..... 85
6. How Yazdagird wrote to Mahwi of Sur . . 89
7. How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tus . 90
8. How Yazdagird went to Tus and how Mahwf of
Siir met him ....... 95
>• g. How Mahwi of Sur incited Bizhan to war with
Yazdagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid
himself in a Mill ...... 96
10. How Mahwi of Siir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird,
and how the Archi mages counselled Mahwi to
forbear ....... loi
11. How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller 107
12. How Mahwi of Siir was informed of the Obsequies
of Yazdagird and ascended the Throne. . 112
13. How Bizhan, hearing of the Slaying of Yazdagird
and of Mahwi of Siir's Accession to the Throne,
led forth the Host to fight with him . . 115
14. How Mahwi of Siir was taken and slain by Order
of Bizhan . . . . . . .118
—■ — 15. Account of the Completion of the Shahnama . 121
CORRECnONS AND ADDITIONS
VOLUME I.
Page xii, line 21, for ' Evil ' read ' evil.'
Page xiii, line 15, for ' Born ' read ' born.'
Page 4, line 4, delete ' still.'
Page 5, line 2z, after ' camel ' add ' of which the red-haired variety
was most esteemed.'
Page 6, line 21, for ' Scythian ' read ' Elamitic'
Page 7, line 19, for ' was ' read ' became,' line 25 and elsewhere, for
' Trit4 ' and ' Traitana ' read ' Trita ' and ' Traitana,'
Page 9, line 16 and elsewhere, /jr ' Azarbijan ' read ' Azarbaijan.'
Page 10, bottom. The date of the fall of Nineveh has lately been
assigned to the year b.c. 612. Seo ' The Fall of Nineveh,'
p. 9 seq. By C. J. Gadd.
reference namber 2, after R insert P.
Page 1 1, line 29 and elsewhere, for ' Hira and Aiibar ' read ' Hira and
Ambar.'
Page 13, reference number 2, for ' NESH ' read ' NSEH.'
Page 14, line 25, for ' Samanides ' read ' Samanids.'
Page 17, delete lines 7-10.
reference number i, add ' See too A. V. Williams Jackson,'
' From Constantinople to the Home of Omar Khayyam,'
Ch. V.'
Page 19, line 19, for ' Sacaestan ' read ' Sacaestan.'
reference number 3, delete ' iii.'
Page 21, line 7 and elsewhere, for ' Nuh ' read ' Nuh.'
line 12, for ' appealed ' read ' turned.'
Page 29, line 12 from bottom, r/ LEC, pp. 206, 207 and note.
Page 31, delete lines 13-16, and read ' that Fazl, son of Ahmad, is
referred to on both occasions.'
Page 33, line 23, delete full stop, insert comma, and for' Such is not '
read ' not be in.'
Page 34, five lines from bottom, delete ' While I sat looking on ' and
read ' While I o'erlooked from far.'
Page 37, line 22, for ' Ariidi read ' 'Ariidi.'
Page 38, seven lines from bottom, for ' Bazh ' read ' Bdzh.'
six lines from bottom, after ' city ' add reference number i.
at bottom add note ' » The quarter in which Bizh was situated
was known as Tabaran.'
Page 39, bottom, reference number i, delete ' §1 and 7 ' and read' The
too spiritual conception of the Deity in §1 and the refer-
ences to 'All in §7.'
VOL. I.\ ij-j M
1 78 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page 41, last line, for ' axe ' read ' ax.'
Page 43, note 2, for ' fakka ' read ' fakka,' and for ' Cf.' read ' Of.'
Page 45, line 24, after ' indigo ' add reference number 2.
line five from bottom, after ' Cemetery ' add reference number 3.
at bottom add ' « Cf. End. Brit, (nth ed.), Vol. 11, p. 917,
col. 2.
' Professor A. V. Williams Jackson's suggestion that, as
burial in the Muhammadan cemetery was refused, the
corpse of Firdausi was reconveyed within the walls and
buried in ground belonging to him, seems far f.om im-
probable. From Constantinople to the Tomb of Omar
Khayyam, p. 291.
Page 50, line 7, for ' Ahriman ' read ' Ahriman.'
Page 51, line 23, add reference number i.
bottom, add ' ' Thus Piran (see p. 55) may represent Perun,
the Slavonic god of thunder.'
Page 61, line 3, delete ' which ' and to end of sentence, and insert ' i.e.
of Azargashasp.'
Page 62, bottom, after reference number 7 insert DZA, i, 209.
Page 67, line 18, end, add 'bin.'
Page 68, line 9, end add ' or identical with.'
bottom, reference number i, add NIN, 15.
Page 69, bottom, for ' 108 ' read ' 107.'
Page 71, line 19, after ' Oxus ' insert ' Caspian.'
line 20, after ' Dardanelles ' insert ' Mediterranean.'
bottom, reference number 6, after ' 80 ' add ' notes.'
Page 73, line 8 from bottom, for ' land ' read ' earth.'
,,7 ,, after ' Shahs ' add reference number i.
,,5 ,, after ' canal ' add reference number 2.
bottom, add ' » Kai Kubad. See Vol. ii, p. 22. ' Id. 192.'
Page 74, line 8, after ' tree ' add reference number i.
bottom, add ' > Cercis Siliquastum.'
Page 77, line 11, for ' the first half ' read ' three-fifths.'
line 8 from bottom, after ' repetitions ' add reference
number i.
bottom, add ' ' These of course do not include the great
duplications of tradition in the poem.'
Page 82, line 11, for ' regarded ' read ' looked upon.'
line 25, after ' farr ' add reference number 2.
bottom, add ' ' pp. 369, 370.'
Page 83, line 18, before ' miibidan ' insert —
line 25, after ' subject ' add reference number 2.
bottom, add ' * The expression is used, however, of Bahram
Gur (Vol. vii, p. 78) and of Nushirwan (viii, p. 14).
It is also applied to non-franians, to Suhrab, who was
opposing the Iranians (ii 145), Pirdn (ii, 261, 275, 324,
iii, 106), Pilsam (ii, 3.52), Tazh^v, an Iranian deserter
(iii, 28), Bazaniish (vi, 297), ami tiicre are other
instances.'
Page 84, line 3, for ' ca.mp enclosure ' read ' camp-enclosure.'
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 179
Page 85, line 20, for ' end ' read ' beginning.'
Page 87, bottom, add ' Rogers, The Shah-namah of Fardusi. Trans-
lated from the original Persian. 1909. (A version
partly in verse and partly in epitomized prose )
Page 88, lines 11 and 17, for ' Ardibihisht ' read ' .\rdihihisht.'
line 12 and bottom, for ' Sharivar ' read ' Shahrivar.'
lines 12 and 26, for ' Farvardin ' read ' Farvvardin.'
line 17 and page 89, line 3, for ' Adar ' read ' Azar.'
Page 89, line 4, for ' Din ' read ' Dai.'
Page 90, line 9, for ' 3 generations ' read ' 4 generations' ' and aid at
bottom,' ' See Vol. v. p. 203.'
for' Barmaiun. Kataiun.' reai ' Purmaya. Kaianush.'
15 add as son to Minuchihr • Zarasp.'
17, add as son to Tits ' Zarasp.'
Page 92, line 5 add as descendant from Tiir ' Mali AfnM, d.'
line 10, add as descendant of Wisa ' Kurukhan.'
line II, for ' Piran ' read ' Piran = Gulshahr.'
line 15, to descendants of Afrdsiydb add ' Manizha, d.=
Bizhan '
and delete ' Ruin.'
line i-j, for ' Kurakhan ' read ' Kurakhan.'
Page 93, lines 20 and 22, transpose ' EP ' and ' EHI.'
Page 94, delete lines 4-5.
bottom, add ' ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'ham-
med-Ben-Djarir-Ben-Yezid Tabari. Traduitc sur la
version Persane d'Abou-'Ali Mo'hammed Bol'ami par
M. Hermann Zotenberg.'
Page 100, line 4, for ' Shaddad son of Ad ' read ' Shaddad son of 'Ad.'
Page 100, Line 7, for ' Shaddad ' read ' Shaddad.'
Page 100, line 10, for ' Nasiru'd ' read ' Nasiru'd.'
Page 104, after line 4 insert —
' Thus is it now : what the world's end will be
None knoweth openly or privily.'
Page loC), line 12, for ' The ' read ' In,'
Page 108, Line 15, for ' with ' read ' to.'
Page 112, line 2, for 'The' read ■/«.'
8 from bottom, for ' light ' read ' blaze.'
Page 113, line 7 and elsewhere, for ' Ind ' read ' Llind.'
line 19, end, add full stop.
Page 117, line 2, Delete 'FOR.'
Page 1 18, line 4, for ' mountain of the holy ' read ' Mountain of the
Lioly.'
Page 120, line i, for ' Slain ' read ' slain ' and delete ' the Hand of.'
Page 121, line 5, for 'Fight' read 'fight.'
Page 126, line 5, add ' This is the first of many douLilets in the poem.'
line 16, for ' gold ' read ' good.'
Page 129, line 6 from bottom, for ' o ' read ' of.'
i8o CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page 130, line 11, after ' gallery ' insert . . .
line 23, for ' have ' read ' find,' and add to reference 4
• WPT. i. 142. '
Page 131, line 15, for ' They ' read ' they.'
Page 132, line 11, add full stop at end.
Page 135, line 3, for ' departed from ' read ' abandoned.'
line II from bottom, end, delete comma and insert full stop.
Page 138, line 8 from bottom, delete ' thou my ' and read ' any.'
Page 141, line 4 from bottom, for ' light ' read ' Grace.'
Page 142, line 5 from bottom, for ' downstricken ' read ' down-
stricken.'
line 4 from bottom,/?)' ' Aspikan ' read ' Aspikan.'
Page 143, line 7, for ' i ' read '2.'
15, for ' 2 ' read ' 3.'
20, for ' Baghdad ' read ' Baghdad.'
25, after ' Ispahan ' add reference number 4.
31, for reference number 3 read 5.
33> foy reference number 4 read 6.
bottom, after reference 3 insert ' * ZT, i, 117,' and for
reference numbers 4 and 5 read 5 and 6.
Page 145, line 25, for ' Evil ' read ' evil.'
Page 147, line 7, for ' Kurds ' read ' Kurds.'
Page 161, line 6, for ' Bait al ' read ' Baitu'l.'
Page 171, line 2, for ' HIS REIGN WAS ' read ' HE REIGNED.'
Page 173, line 31, for ' glory ' read ' Glory.'
Page 174, after line 21 add '§24. We have here another doul)lct,
Cf. p. 290.'
Page 175, line 13, for ' He,' read ' Be.'
Page 181, line 13, delete ' never ' and insert it after ' children.'
2 from bottom, end, insert comma.
Page 184, line 18, for ' except ' read ' unless.'
Page 189, line 4 from bottom, for ' Envious ' read ' envious.'
Page 199, line 7 from bottom, for ' Slain ' read ' slain.'
Page 201, note, line 4, for ' Namah ' read ' Namah.'
Page 205, line 9, for ' Born ' read ' born.'
Page 207, line 13, for ' Chach ' read ' Chach.'
Page 208, line 12, for 'wagons did they fill' read 'wains they
filled.'
Page 2oy, line ig, for ' no longer harbouroth ' read ' hath ceased
to harbour.'
line 20, for ' evident ' read ' plain.'
Page 211, delete line 2 and read 'With treasure nnd brocade,
dinars and gems.'
Page 212, line 21, for ' All ' read ' all.'
line 7 from bottom, for ' torquoise ' read ' turquoise.'
Page 219, I'ue 5 from bottom, for ' a ' read ' the ' and after ' ball '
add reference number i.
bottom, insert ' » See p. 79.'
Page 221, line iS, f>>r • .Announce ' re id • announce.'
line 7, from bottom, for ' he ' read ' He.'
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS i8i
Page 2Z\, line 1 1. nf/er ' me ' insiyt ' stcay.'
Page 2J.|, linr i j, for ' Stoj) to draw hrcalli ' read ' To brcatlic'
2 2, for ' nioralisinp; ' rtuid ' ni'imlliiif^."
Page jj(>, li:u" 4. dc'L'/e ' of our."
Page 227, line J I, for " Slain ' ri atl ' slam ' and drlclc ' llie Hand
of.'
Page 228. line g, for ' produce of it ' read ' fruit thereof.'
Page 230, line 9, for ' our avenging ' read ' vengeful.'
Page 236, after line 7 insert ' §18. Cf. previous reign, §24.'
line 8, beginning, insert ' §29.'
5 from bottom, beginning, insert ' §31.'
Page 237, bottom, note i, add ' But cf. Vol. v. p. 30.'
Page 250, side reference, prefix ' V.'
Page 252, line 15, for ' Danbar ' read ' Dambar.'
Page 256, line 4, for ' Dunbar ' read ' Dambar.'
Page 275, line 3 from bottom, for ' Explain ' read ' explain.'
Page 2S0, line 9, and elsewhere, for ' Almighty ' read ' almighty '
when not absolute.
Page 284, line i, for ' Aivare ' read ' aware.'
Page 292, line 20, for ' War against ' read 'fight.'
Page 293, end of note, add ' 309.'
Page 299, line 6 from bottom, for ' Wroth ' read ' wroth.'
Page 307, line 7 from bottom, add reference number i after ' lasso.'
Page 325, line 11, for ' Sam ' read ' Zal.'
P'T-ge 337. li"« 2, delete ' FOR.'
Page 338, line 6, for ' Yast ' read ' Yasht,' and at bottom, note i,
after i insert ' Cf. p. 59.'
From 342, line 3 from bottom, for ' Knowhow ' read ' Know
how.'
Page 347, line 10, for ' lowered ' read ' loured.'
P^o<^ 351. side reference, insert 2.
4 lines from bottom, insert comma after ' throb.'
Page 352, line 4, delete semicolon.
Page 354, line 21, for ' Guzhdaham ' read ' Gazhdaham.'
Page 355, line 4 from bottom, delete comma at end.
Page 358, line 6 and elsewhere, for ' Hirmund ' read ' Ilirniund.'
Page 366, line 12, delete 'not.'
Page 373, line 2, for ' HIS REIGN WAS ' read ' HE REIGNED.'
Page 378, line 7, for ' lance ' read ' spear.'
Page 380, line 6 from bottom, after ' harm ' add reference number i,
and at bottom add ' ' Cf. BLHP, i, 452. Jackson,
" From Constantinople to the Tomb of Omar
Khayyam," p. 119.'
Page 3S1, line 4 from bottom, for ' plants ' read ' plans.'
VOLUMIC II.
Page V, line 13, end, add —
Page ix, line 25, delete ' Kai.'
Page 3, line, 12, for' Katiuim ' read ' Kaldvun.'
i82 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page 3, li:ie 15, to children of Gushtasp add Farshidward, Shfn'i,
and thirty-seven others (un-named), for ' l^>ishu-
tan ' read ' Kishutan aud for ' Afrid ' read ' Afri'd.
bottom, after (20) insert =d. of Kaid.
Page 5, line 20, after ' d'Or,' add full stop, and for ' tcxte ' read
' Texte.'
Page 6, heading, for ' NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION ' read
• ABBREVIATIONS.'
Page 18, hne 4, for ' Kharzarwan ' read ' Khazarwan.'
Page ig, line 18, for ' Turkestan ' read ' Turkistan.'
Page 27, line i, delete full stop at end.
line 4 from bottom. ' There is actually a tribe existing to
this day among the Elburz Mountains, or the
fastnesses of ancient Hyrcania, which still bears
the name Div Sapeed.' S. G. W. Benjamin,
Persia and the Persians, p. 302.
Page 29, note i, add ' Vol. v, p. 116.'
Page 61, line 9, for ' bears ' read ' bear.'
Page 69 line 20 add semicolon at end.
Page 81, line 3 from bottom, after ' crystal ' insert reference number 9
and at bottom add ' Ru'ns near Aivani-Kaif fKai?)
some forty miles South-east of Tihran are still
traditionally ascribed to Kai Kaus. See A. V.
Williams Jackson. From Constantinople to the
Home of Omar Khayyam, p. 123.'
Page 89, line 25, end, insert comma.
26 after ' Kaus ' insert comma.
Page 96, line 6 from bottom, after ' Zawara ' add reference miniher i
and at bottom add ' 'This is the first mention of
Rustam's brother.'
Page 97, line 5, for • a Zam of ' read • Zam's stream with.'
bottom, delete ' The name of a river ' and read ' i.e. tlie
Oxus.'
Page 103, line 12, for 'What ever' read ' Whr.lev cr.'
Page 118, bottom, for ' i, p. 236 ' read ' v, p. 30.'
Page 119, bottom, ajter ' V ' insert full stop.
Page 121, line 21, after ' him ' insert reference number i, and at
bottom add ' ' C. adds rightly : —
They led him hcrdwards
That they might have their portion from that steed ;
As I have heard, he covered forty mares
And one became with foal.
Cf. p. 128 and NIN, p. 45 note i.'
Page 157, line 7, for ' spoken ' read ' unspoken.'
Page 196, line 16, for ' heart and eyes ' read ' Heart and Eyes.'
Page 200, line 11, for ' she ' read ' She.'
Page 221, line 13, for ' unled ' read ' unsoiled.'
Page 224, end of last line, insert reference number i and add at
bottom ' » See pp. 38 seq., 88 seq.'
Page 225, ]in(^ 12, for ' All-righteous ' read ' all-righteous.'
Page 229, line 16, for ' Who ' read ' who.' and clscivhcre.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 183
Page z.\-j, line 5 and elsewhere, for ' Almiglity ' read ' almighty '
ivhcn not absolute.
Page 252, Une 4, for ' iny ' read ' iiiiiu.'
Page 256, hne G from bottom, for ' caparisoncil ' read ' bctrapped.'
Piigc 257, hue 2 from bottom, delete full stop niid insert comma at
end.
Page 261, hne 21 and elsewhere, for ' Holy ' read ' holy ' juJicn not
absolute.
Page 265, line 18, delete comma at end.
Page 2S1, line 11, for 'Iran ' read ' Ti'uan.'
Page 2S5, line i, for ' dressed ' read ' drest.'
Page 306, line 14, end, insert semicolon.
Page 310, line 4 from bottom, for ' All-holy ' read ' all-holy.'
Page 312, line 4 from bottom, after ' league ' insert comma.
Page 313, line 5 from bottom, end, Jwser/ comma.
4 from bottom after ' hearing ' insert comma.
Page 321, line i, end, add reference number 1.
12, end, add reference number 2.
bottom, insert ' > See p. 261. « See p. 293.'
Page 328, line 11, for ' Kalur ' read ' Kalii.'
5 from bottom, for ' blunt ' read ' pointless.'
4 from bottom, for ' would go ' read ' hunted,' and
insert full stop at end.
3 from bottom, delete ' To hunt,' and for ' at ' read
• At.'
Page 341, line 8 from hottom, for ' Kawa ' read ' Kawa.'
Page 374, line 6 from bottom, end, insert reference number t.
bottom, insert ' 'See p. 312.'
Page 377, line 22, insert reference number 1.
bottom, insert ' » See p. 273.'
Page 384, line 7 from bottom, delete comma and insert full stop at
end.
Page 390, bottom, delete " and insert ' ".
Page 395, line 3, end, insert reference number i.
bottom, insert ' See p. 363.'
Page 412, last line, for ' toward ' read ' tow'rd.'
VOLUME III.
Page 3, line 24, end, rt(fi' Kisari Mohan Ganguli and i)ublislied by.'
Page 14, line 30, end, add reference number 5 a}id ' The text also
allows the view that Fariid dwelt on Mount
Sapad. See Vol. v, p. 30.'
Page 15, Note i, end, add ' There was no difficulty in finding an
additional rhyme without using ' Pashan.'
' Gashan ' (much) rhymes with ' Pashan ' in
Vol. v)ii, p. 397 and note.
Page 20, Une 22, end, add reference number i, and at bottom
• ' Cf. Vol. I, p. 61.'
Page 36, line 8, for ' Tis ' read ' 'Tis.'
Page 45, line 2^, for ' that ' read ' thou.'
1 84 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page 59, line 17 and elsewhere, for 'Almighty' read 'almighty'
when not absolute.
Page 68, line 18, for ' stoncand ' read 'stone and.'
Page 83, note 2, end, add ' (j). 10).'
Page 84, line 7 from bottom and elsewhere, for ' All-holy ' read
' all-holy ' when not absolute.
Page 102, line 22 for ' Omnijiotent ' read ' omnipotent.'
Page iro, Une 2 and elsewhere, for ' Who ' read ' who.'
6, for ' Whom ' read ' whom.'
Page 130, Hne 11, add comma, at end.
Page 134, line 6, end, add !
line 15, end, add ".
Page 141, line 2 from bottom and elsewhere, for ' Holy ' read ' holy '
when not absolute.
Page 148, note, for ' Pehlcvan ' read ' Pehlewan ' and after ' donna '
delete comma
Page 151, line 4 from bottom, add full stop at end.
Page 172, note, for ' Car ' read ' car.'
Page 191, line 12, for ' Abul ' read ' 'Abu'l.'
Page 194, line 8, for ' Khan ' read ' Khan.'
Page 213, line 22, for ' Oleader ' read ' O leader.'
Page 234, note, for ' Et ' read ' et ' and for ' comblan ' read ' com-
blani.'
Page 237, line 7, prefix ".
Page 241, line 22, delete ' far.'
Page 251, note, for ' Sur ' read 'sur.'
Page 275, line 10, end, delete !
Page 285, line 8 from bottom, for ' fraicheur ' read ' fraicheur.'
last line, add reference number 2.
Page 287, side reference, for ' V. 1063 ' read ' V. 1065 ' and subse-
quent side references consecutively, i.e., ' V. 1066,'
' V. 1067,' etc., up to page 305.
Page 294, line 7, for ' buffalos ' read ' buffaloes.'
Page 298, note, for ' La ' read ' la.'
Page 304, line 11, delete semicolon and insert comma.
Page 305, line 25, add side reference ' V. 1086,' and read subsequent
side references consecutively, i.e., ' V. 1087.'
' V. 1088,' etc., up to page 356.
Page 318, note, for ' II ' read ' il.'
Page 328, line 12, end, insert semicolon.
Page 348, line 15, add comma at end.
VOLUME IV.
Page V, line 5, end, delete iuU stop and insert —
Page ix, line 10, for ' wrath ' read ' Wrath.'
Page 8, line 10, end, add ' See Vol. vii, pp. 381, 422.'
Page 31, line 6, delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 40, line 9, end, add reference number i. and insert at bottom
' • Cf. Vol. i, p. 386 and note.'
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 185
Page 85, note, prefix reference uuntjjcr i.
Page 139, note 2. add ' It is interestinj,' to find the dog appearing
in tlu' Hock of Tohit in which there are frunian
elements. Cf. Vol. iii, p. 271 and End. Brit.
T I th \'a\. s.v. ToLit.'
Page 141, line 9, end, delete
Page 143, line 6, from bottom, insert comma at end.
Page 144, line S, delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 150, line 8, for ' butfalos ' read ' buffaloes.'
§3. There appears to be a doublet here as Afrasiyab is
first said to be beyond Jaz and then at Tiaigand,
i.e., in the neighbourhood first of the Jaxartes and
then of the Oxus, but the context favours the
latter position.
Page 155, line 10, delete and insert ' He ranged the army's centre
and its wings.'
Page 256, line i, delete and insert ' All lillcd with minstrelsy and
harp and wine.'
bottom, delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 259, line 7 from bottom, delete ' Barda', a cavern ' and insert
' to Barda', one '
Page 262, note 2, Add ' The situation of Barda' would, however,
make Lake Gokcha more appropriate. Cf.
P- ^59-'
Page 304, line 14, end, delete comma and insert .semicolon.
Page 324, line 12 from bottom, for 'shore' read ' river",' and at
bottom add note ' » The Euphrates.'
Page 3-5. li"e 8 after ' city ' add reference number i and at
bottom add 7iote ' ' Shiirab. Cf. Vol. vii, p.
254-,
^3.ge 339, line i, for ' sea ' read ' river.'
Page 340, line 3, for ' sea ' read ' stream.'
Page 344, line 16, for ' sea ' read ' .stream.'
25. for ' sea ' read ' river.'
28, for ' sea ' read ' stream.'
31, for ' sea ' read ' stream.'
Page 346, line iS, end, add reference number i, and at bottom add
note ' » Cf. Vol. v, p. 233 note.'
VOLUME V.
Page 14, line 2 from bottom, end, add reference number 11, and at
bottom '"Spitama seems to mean 'White.'
See JZ, p. 13.'
Page 30, line 19, for ' Girdkuh ' read ' Girdkiih.'
line 24, add ' It has been stated by an oriental authority
that Dizh Gumbadan (' the Domed Fort ') and
Girdkuh were identical. See LEG, p. 365.'
Page 71, line 13, for ' his ' read ' a.'
l85 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Pdge 71, lino 17, end, add reference number i and at Ix.ttom ' ' In
Firdaiisi Ni'ish Azar is tlic son of Asfandiyar,
but in D^ikiki may of course be a brother and
the one referred to above.'
Page 126, Unc 4, end, add reference number i and al bolloni ' ' Cf.
p. 233 note.'
Page 133, Hne 21, for ' wisdon ' read 'wisdom.'
Page 160, line 23, end, add quotation mark.'
Page 161, last line, end, insert full stop.
Page 214, line 14, end, add quotation marl..'
Page 277, line 8, insert full .stop.
6 from bottom, end, insert semicolon.
Page 288, note i, add • Cf. E.P. i, 256.'
VOLUME VI.
Page vi, line 3, for ' Married ' read ' married.'
Page ix, line 14, for ' Rumans ' read ' Riimans.'
Page 3, line 8 from bottom, delete ' Rustam.'
7 from bottom, for ' Chubina ' read ' Cliubina.'
4 from bottom, for ' Shirwi ' read ' Shirwi '
Page 6, line 21, for ' Muller ' read ' Miiller.'
Page 15, line 10, for ' legend ' read ' Legend.'
note 3, add ' Cf. Vol. vii, p. 79.'
Page 17, line i, for ' Mukaffa ' read ' Mukaffa' '
Page 39, line 6 from bottom, end, delete ? and iv.sert !
Page 64, bne 8, for ' Ravi ' read ' Ravi.'
Page 81, line 2, end, insert hyphen.
Page 89, line 5, for 'Married' read 'married.'
Page 98, line 14, end, insert comma.
Page 133, line 4, end, insert semicolon.
Page 135, line 12 from bottom, read • He must not jirixily devise.'
10 from bottom, for ' wise ' read ' sage.'
Page 136, line 4, end, insert !
Page 137, line 7, end, insert comma.
Page .150, bottom line, end, insert comma.
Page 154, line 13 from bottom, end, insert full stop.
Page 161, line 20, end, insert reference number i.
bottom, insert note ' ^ Cf. Vol. i, pp. 118, 132.'
Page 207, line 7, after ' above ' insert ' (p. 195)-'
Page 209, line 10, end, insert reference numbey 1, and at bottom add note
' ' Mohl, rightly according to Ncildeke (NIN, p. 26
and wo/e), reads 'S4m4nians' for 'Ashk^nians.' The
former claimed descent from Bo.hram Chubina.'
Page 210, line 13 from bottom, end, delete comma.
Page 212, note, add ' Cf. p. 201.'
Page 231, line 4 from bottom, end, insert comma.
Page 250, line 9 from bottom, for ' Chubina ' read ' Clu'ihina.'
Page 288, line 9, beginning, delete ".
Page 291, line 10 from licttom, after ' Oh ' insert !
Page 292, line i, end, insert comma.
I'agc
2<)6,
Page
i.)S,
Page
3"4.
Page
31-:.
Page
316,
Page
3-!3.
Page
3^7.
Page
330,
Page
37-:.
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 187
line f) from bottom, for ' Runidns ' read ' linnunis.'
line 13 from bottom, fuf ' J'ars ' read ' Pars.'
bottom line, end, insert C(jmma.
line 3, for ' respect ' nad ' respccteth ' and for ' thou
art ' thou'rt.'
316, second note, prefix z.
note, line 5 from bottom, end, insert comma.
line 7, for ' Ambar ' read ' Ambar.'
line 8, for '■ 'Abbasid ' read ' 'Abbasid.'
note, for ' Shammas ' read ' Shammas.'
line 2 from bottom, for ' the spring of ' read ' a lake
near.'
bottom line, after ' birth-place ' add, reference number 8,
and at bottom add note ' ' The lake in question
being the source of two rivers the expression
' Spring ' used by Firdausi in connexion with
it is not wholly inappropriate.'
Page 376, line 7 from bottom, for ' great ' read ' Great.'
Page 387, line 12 from bottom, prefix ".
Page 402, line i, end, insert comma.
VOLUME VII.
Page vii, line 4, for ' SASANIAN ' read ' SAsANIAN.'
Page xi, line 13 from bottom, for ' Feasts ' read ' Banquets.'
Page 85, line 16 from bottom insert comma at end.
3 from bottom, /or ' Kharzarwan 'read' Khazarwan.'
Page 95 , line 18 end delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 106, line 15, after ' scabbards ' insert comma.
Page no, line 15, for ' an as ' read ' as an.'
Page 118, line 11 from bottom, for ' Irdn ' read ' Iran.'
Page 155, line 9 ivomhottom, delete s,cm\co\on and insert amMW^..
Page 156, line 6, after ' Hormisdas ' delete comma and insert ' III.
Page 184, note, line 14 from bottom, ajter ' bunch ' delete . and
insert ?
Page 185, bottom note, prefix 4.
Page 207, heading, for ' KUBAD ' read ' KUBy^D.'
Page 209, line 2, after ' belcw ' insert reference number i, and at
bottom add ' ' Cf. MHP, ii, 77, RH, Bk. iii,
ch. 33 and note.'
line 3 from bottom, end, delete i and insert 2, and before
note delete i and insert 2.
Page 217, line 4 from bottom. Sura appears to be identical with
Thapsacus of which Tiphsah (i Kings, iv. 24)
meaning probably ford ' seems to have been
the Hebrew form. The army of Cyrus the
Younger in his expedition against his brother
Artaxerxes II. (Mnemon) crossed the river there
on foot. Xenophon, Anabasis, I, i\', 17.
1 88 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS
Page 227, line 5 from bottom, after '_ crown ' insert comma.
Page 231, bottom Hue, delete full stop and insert comma.
Page 239 and 247, heading, read ' NOSHfRWAN.'
Page 251, line 13 from bottom, for ' Garshasp ' read ' Gashasp.'
Page 263, line 6 from bottom, delete comma and insert semicolon.
Page 275, bottom line, end, insert comma.
Page 300, line 11, insert comma after ' For ' and ' know.'
Page 331, line 4, delete ' the ' arid insert ' from.'
Page 348, line 20, for ' Sahh ' read ' Shah.'
Page 369, line 18, for ' frowning face ' read ' looks afrown.'
Page 395, line 10, for ' was ' read ' were.'
1 1, for ' were ' read ' was.'
Page 400, line i, for ' crown ' read ' treasure.'
2, for ' treasure, for ' read ' crown because.'
Page 41C, bottom line, for 'Almighty' read 'almighty.'
VOLUME VIII
Page V, line 17, for ' answer ' read ' Answer '
Page viii, line 13 from bottom, add ' to Caesar.'
Page XV, line 20, for ' PCHAP ' read ' HAP.'
Page 72, line 21, for ' Khan's read ' Khan's.'
Page 91, note, for ' Parwiz read ' Parwiz.'
Page 122, line 14, delete first hyphen.
Page 138, line 19, delete id.
Page 143, line 10, insert comma after ' Letter ' and ' Parmiida.'
Page 147, line 11, for 'great' read ' Great.'
Page 153, line 18, delete iuU stop and insert coTama..
Page i8g, line 16, for ' Zab ' read ' Zab.'
Page 190, line 16, for ' Garabzin,' ' Galabzin ' read ' Garabzi'n '
' Galabzin '
Page 191, line 12, according to Muir's ' The Life of Mohammad,'
edited by T. H.Weir (1923), p. 431 note, the
battle of Dhu Kar was fought A.D. 611.
Page 192, note, for ' PCHAP ' read ' HAP.'
Page 205, line 6 from bottom, after ' take ' insert reference number i
and at bottom add ' » See Vol. 5, p. 156 note.'
Page 225, justify hne 25.
Page 265, line 22, delete full stop and insert comma.
Page 270, line 5, for ' Luhrasp ' read ' Luhrasp.'
line 6, for ' Asfanfiyar ' read ' Asfandiyar.'
Page 272, line i, insert comma after ' one.'
Page 279, line 4 from bottom, for ' and readers of the stars ' read
' with the astrologers.'
Page 285, line 5, for ' great ' read ' Great.'
Page 287, line 20, for ' achieved ' read ' accomplished.'
Page 313, line 21, end, delete full stop and insert comma.
Page 317, line 2 from bottom, delete comma.
Page 327, line 13, for ' brave ' read ' Brave.'
Page 328, bottom, for ' in haste ' read ' with speed.'
Page 343, bottom, for ' gory ' read ' glory.'
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 189
l''i6^ 34^' ^'""^ ^ iTom bottom, for ' in a letter to the king.'
read ' to the monaich in a k'tt( r.'
Page 353. line 5. for ' If read ' It '
Page 362, line 1 1 from bottom, delete hyphen.
Page 374, line 8, for ' Ot ' read ' Of.'
Page 411, line 8, J^r ' the ' read ' thy.'
Page 421, line 12 from bottom, for ' Gah'nus ' read ' Galinusli.'
GENERAL INDEX
This Index and t/ic General Table of Contents in this volume are
complementary. References to the latter are in Italics.
Aaishma Dakva, demon, iii., 272
= Asmodeus probably, iii,
272
Aban, genius, iii, 287, 328
'Abbas, Arab chief, attacks Hur-
muzd, viii, 93
'Abbasid, 'Abbasids, Muhamma-
dan dynasty, vi, 327
rise of, i, 13
fall of. i, 14
Abbreviations, General List of,
ix, 135
Abdaas, bishop, vi, 372
Abraham, patriarch, vi, 65
Abtin (Aptya, Athwya), mythi-
cal Iranian hero, husband
of Faranak and father of
Fan'dun, ix, 53, 103
legend of, i, 145
Zahhak slays, i, 151, 153
Faridun avenges, i, 170
mythological origin of, i,
171, 172, 174
Abii-'Ali Muhammad, Persian
poet, Shahncima of, i, 69
Abu Bakr, the first Khalifa
(A.D. 632-4), i, 12, ix, 76
begins war with Persian
Empire, ix, 66
Abu Dulaf, friend of Firdausi, i,
35
assists Firdausi, i, 35
reciter of the Shahnama,
i- 3^
Abii'l 'Abbds Fazl bin Ahmad,
minister of Mahmiid and
perhaps a patron of Fir-
dausi, i, 30, 100, iv, 141
account of, i, 36
disgrace of, may have af-
fected Firdausi, i, 37
Abu'l Fazl, minister under the
Samanids, father of Abu
'AH al Bal'ami who trans-
lated Tabari, vii. 430
patron of Riidagf, vii, 3S3
Abii'l Kasim (Firdausi, q.v.), i,
24. 38, 99, 112, iv, 140,
v, 89, 119, vi, 20, 207,
viii, 28
Abii'l Kasim of Gurgan, shaikh,
iii, 191
dream of, about Firdausi, iii,
191
Abii' Muzaffar. See Nasr.
Abu Mansiir bin Abdu'r Razzak,
prince of Tiis, i, 67 seq.,
vi, 16
Shahnama of, vi, 16
probably compiled by
Magi for, i, 69, viii, 71,
73
importance of, for Fir-
dausi, viii, 73.
Abii Mansur bin Muhammad, son
of above (?), ijg
patron of Firdausi, i, 29, no
murdered, i, 29, in
praise of, i, 1 10
advice of, to Firdausi, i,
1 1 1
191
192
GENERAL INDEX
Abu Raihan Muhammad. See
Albfnim'.
Abu Talib, uncle of Muhammad,
i, 12
Abi'i 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix, 66
supersedes Khalid in Syria,
ix. 66
Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix,
67
made commander in Persian
campaign, ix, 67
slain, ix, 67
Accession of a Shah, ceremony
at, vi, 409
Achaemenid, Achaemenids, the,
first historical Persian
dynasty, i, 64, v, 10, 2S1,
vi, 194, 197, 198
Achshunvvar. See Akhshunwar.
'Ad, father of Shaddad, q.v.
Arab tribe, viii, 276
'Adan, seaport and territory in
southern Arabia, vi, 386
Adar. See Azar.
Adarbad, son of Mahraspand,
Zoroastrian Saint, v, 16
note
ordeal of, v, 16 note
Aden. See 'Adan.
Adonis, iv, 315
Aegean sea, vi, 204
Afrdsiyab, son of Pashang, ruler
of Turan and one of the
arch-enemies of Iran, 142-
^53, i. 42, 55. 72. ii, II, 13.
14, 16 seq., 20, 79, 81,
g8 seq., 118, 127, 149, 184,
189, 242 seq., 257 seq., 283,
286, 288, 322 seq., 335, 347
.<eq., 360 seq.. 369, 373,
380, 381, 386, 392 seq.,
401 sej.,iii, 8, 12,13,15,23,
26, 27, 29, 40. 42, 47. 73.
76 seq., 100, 108, 123, 134,
136, 143, 146, 1.52, 153,
164, 165, 176, 183, 185,
T93, 200 seq., 207 seq., 211,
213, 218, 223, 228, 241,
260 seq., 268, 271, 277
seq., 285, 29.5, 298, 300,
320, 333, 337, 339, 3A(>
Afr4.siyab — cant.
seq., iv. 7, 8, 17, 19 seq.,
25. 29, 4^^. 5(>. 5^ seq., 65,
66, 70, 75, seq., 83, 89, 93,
94, 96, 103, 108, no, 113,
117, 128, 129, 145, 146,
150 seq., 192 seq., 235, 252,
253. 273, 287, 289, 294 V.
12, 13, 21, 44, 62, 176,
203, 208, vi, 15, 79, 177,
240 and note, vii, 330,
335. 337. 359. viii, 2.42,
30". 349, ix, 25, 103
one of the Zoroastrian triad
of evil, i, 59 and note
mythological origin of, i,
337
first mention of, in Shah-
nama, i, 342
advocates war with Nau-
dar, i, 343
bidden by Pashang to in-
vade Iran, i, 343
sends Shamasas and Khaz-
arwan to invade Sistan, i,
345
marches to Dahistan, i, 346
writes to Pashang, i, 346
encourages Barman to chal-
lenge the Iranians to
single comibat, i, 347
rewards Barman, i,3.|H
fights with Naudar, i, 348
and seq.
encounters Karan, i. 350
victorious, i, 350, 352
beleaguers Naudar in Dah-
istan, i, 353
sends Kuri'ikhan to attack
Pans, i, 353
takes Naudar and other
chiefs prisoners, i, 355
hears of the death of BAr-
man and bids Wisa pur-
sue K4ran, i, 356
hears of the Turkman de-
feats, i, 362
sends for, and slays, Naudar,
i, 362
spares the other captives at
Ighrfras' request, i, 363
GHM-RAL IXDILX
103
Afrasiyab, imprisons the cap-
tives at San, i, 363
advances to Rai, i, 3(^3
wroth ,vith, and slays, Igh-
rfras, i, 367
fights v.-ith Zk\, i. 36S
Pashang's vrath with, i,
374 ^
invades Irdn, i, 374 seq.,
381
sends Kuli'in to intercept
Kustam, i, 382
fights with Arabs for irkn
and takes it, ii, 92
king of Tiiran and Chin, ii,
99
expelled from fran by Kai
Kaus and Rustam, ii, loi ^
fights with the Seven j
Warriors, ii., iii seq. |
nearly taken prisoner by
Rustam, ii, 14, 116, 354,
iii, 242, 250 and note
plot of, against Suhrab and
Rustam, ii, 129
gifts of, to Suhrab, ii, 130
identical with Astyages in
legend, ii, 191
referred to, ii, 522, 347, 394,
iii, 206, iv, 145, 130, 194
invades fran, ii, 224 seq.
dream of, ii, 232, 243, 297,
iv, 170, 267
determines to sue for peace
and sends hostages, ii,
235 seq.
receives Zanga and consults
Piran, ii, 253 seq.
sends Pi'ran to welcome
Siyawush, ii, 258
plays at polo with Siya-
wush, ii, 264
marries Farangis to Siya-
wush, ii, 275
recalls Siyaw-ush, from
Gang-dizh, ii, 285
sends Garsiwaz to Siya-
wushgird, ii, 289
deceived by Garsiwaz res-
pecting Siyawush, ii, 296
seq.
VOL. IX.
AfrdsiyAb, sends Garsiwaz to
summon Siyawush and
Farangi's to court, ii, 300
seq.
attacks, takes, and has
Siyawush executed, ii, 314
seq.
appealed to by Farangis, ii,
317
ill-treatment of Farangis by,
ii, 320, 322
referred to, iv, 204
appeal of Pirdn to, ii, 324
referred to, iv, 205
spares Farangis, ii, 325, and
her son Kai Khusrau, ii,
3^7
interview of, with Kai Khus-
rau, ii, 332
referred to, iv, 205
sends Surkha against the
franians, ii, 344
marches to avenge Sur-
kha, ii, 348
fights with Tiis, ii, 353
rescue of, from Rustam by
Human, ii, 354
crosses the sea of Chin, ii,
356
consults Piran about Kai
Khusrau, ii, 336
returns, ii, 362
vengeance of, on fran, ii,
3 ^'3
pursues Kai Khusrau, ii,
388 seq.
disgraces Piran, ii, 390
turns back at the Jihi'in, ii,
394
Kai Kluisrau's oath to take
vengeance on, iii., 21
hears of the approach of
the Iranian host, iii,
71
bids Piran gather troops,
iii, 71, 79
numbers the host, iii, 79
loss of kindred of, in battle,
iii, 94
rewards Pirdn, iii, 106
reinforces Piran, iii, 118
N
194
GENERAL INDEX
Afrasiyab, announces to his
chiefs the defeat of his
host, iii, 242
exhorted by his host to con-
tinue the war, iii, 243, 249
makes his preparations, iii,
243. 250
sends Farghar to spy on
Rustam, iii, 250
consults with Shida, iii, 250
describes Rustam, iii, 251
receives Farghar's report,
iii. 253
consults with Piran, iii, 253
bids Piran continue the war,
iii, 254
sends Shida to summon
Puladwand, iii, 255
consults Puladwand, iii, 256
interferes in the fight be-
tween Rustam and Pulad-
wand, iii, 263
withdraws to Chin and
Machin, iii, 265
goes in pursuit of Rustam
and is defeated, iii, 280
hears of the case of Bizhan
and Manizha iii, 301
consults Kurakh4n, iii, 301
sends Garsiwaz to search
Manizha's palace, iii, 301
sentences Bizhan to death,
iii. 304
respites Bizhan, iii, 308
imprisons Bizhan, iii, 309
disgraces Manizha, iii, 309
escapes from Rustam, iii
348
bids Piran prepare for war,
iii. 349
arrays the host against
Rustam, iii, 350
flees from Rustam, iii, 352
goes to Ivhallukh, iv, 10
addresses his nobles, iv, 10
sends Shida to Kharuzm,
iv, II.
PirAn against fran, iv, 11
reinforcements and bids
him break off negotia-
tions with Giv, iv, 20
AfrasiyAb, receives tidings from
Piran, iv, 77
= king of Gang, iv. 134
Kai Khusrau's great war
with, 152, iv, 133 seq.
encamped at Baigand (Kun-
duz), iv, T51
hears ill tidings of Piran and
of the host, iv, 151
distress of, iv, 152
swears to be avenged on Kai
Khusrau, iv, 152
hears of the advance of Kai
Khusrau, iv, 153
harangues and equips his
host, iv, 153
patrols the Jihun with boats,
iv. T53
holds a council, summons
Kurakhan, and crosses the
Jihun, iv, 154
sends Kurakhan with half
the host to Bukhara, iv,
marches to Amwi, iv, 154
encamps in Gilan, iv, 155
arrays his host, iv, 155
takes his post at the centre,
iv, 153
gives Shida command of the
left wing, iv, 155
sends Jahn to guard Shida's
rear, iv, 155
gives a grandson command
of the right wing, iv,
156
commands to Gurdgir,
Nastiih, Ighriras, and
Garsiwaz, iv, 156
proposes to invade Nimruz,
iv, 156
reviews the host and pre-
pares to encounter Kai
Khusrau, iv, 15S
urged by Shida not to
delay the attack, iv, 159
reply of, iv, 160
wishes to meet Kai Khusrau
in single combat, iv, i6i
sends Shida on an embassage
to Kai Khusrau, iv, iGi
GENERAL INDEX
195
Afrdsiytib, hears of Shida's
death, iv, 176
grief of, iv, 176
commands in person against
Kai Khusrau, iv, 179
sends Jahn to the left, iv,
180
reinforced by Garsiwaz, iv,
181
forced by Garsiwaz and
Jahn to quit the field, iv,
182
returns to camp, iv, 1S3
abandons his camp and re-
crosses the Jihun, iv, 184
joins forces with Ivurakhan,
iv, 186
staj'S at Bukhara, iv, i<S6
withdraws to Gang-bihisht,
iv, 187
reinforced by Kakula, iv,
iSS
sends troops to Chach, iv,
188
under Tawurg desertward,
iv, 188
marches to meet Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 190
commands the centre, iv, 190
hears of Kurakhan's defeat
and return, iv, 193
hears that Rustam is ad-
vancing, iv, 194
fails in attempt to surprise
Rustam and withdraws to
Gang-bihisht, iv, 194,
seq.
asks aid from the Faghfur,
iv, 196
prepares Gang-bihisht for a
siege, iv, 107
besieged in Gang-bihisht,
iv, ig8, 208 seq.
offers terms of peace to Kai
Khusrau, iv, 203
rallies his troops at the
storming of Gang-bihisht,
iv, 2og
escapes, iv, 211
gets possession of the trea-
sures of PfrAn, iv, 2Tq
Afrdsiyib, arrays his host to
light with K;'.i Khusrau,
iv, 220
offers Kai Khusrau peace or
single combat, iv, 221
fights a general engagement
against Kai Khusrau, iv,
223, 226
defeated and escapes by
flight, iv, 227
army, of, surrenders to Kai
Khusrau, iv, 228
takes refuge at Gang-dizh,
iv, 230
captive kindred of, sent to
Kai Kaus by Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 232
Kai Kai'is on, iv, 237
Khusrau 's inquiries concern-
ing, iv, 247
hears of Kai Khusrau's ap-
proach and quits Gang-
dizh, iv, 248
searched for by Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 248
fears of the f ranians concern-
ing, iv, 249
Kai Khusrau takes counsel
with Kai Kaus about, iv,
25S
wanderings and wretched
plight of, iv, 2.59
takes refuge in a cave near
Barda', iv, 259
lament of, overheard by
Hiim, iv, 260
capture of, by Hum, iv,
261
Darmesteter on, iv, 136
pitied and unbound by Hum,
iv, 262
escapes into lake Urumiah,
iv, 262 and note
attracted by the voice of
Garsiwaz, iv, 263
holds converse with Garsi-
waz, iv, 266
recapture of, by Hum, iv,
2G6
slain by Kai Khusrau, iv,
268
196
GENERAL INDEX
Afrasiyab, daughter of = Fa-
rangis, iv, 304
Khan of Chin descended
from, vii, 334
hoard of, viii, 14S, 406
Africa, vi, 30
Afri'gli, king of Kh'.razm, ii, 190
'Afrit, genie, i, 42
Agani, Sargon I. of, v, 293
Age, old, Firdausi's lament over
his, ii, 336
Golden. See Golden.
Aghraeratha (Ighn'ras, q.v.), iv,
137
Aghrerad (Ighn'ras, q.v.), i, 338
Aghriras. See Ighriras.
Agni, Vedic personification of
fire, ii, 25
Ahdn^mak (Andarznamak), Pah-
lavi treatise, vi, 257
Ahmad, son of Isma' il, Sdmanid,
vii, 383
Ahmad, son of Sahl, lord of Marv,
V, 260, 261
Ahmad, Fazl son of. See Abii'l
'Abbas Fazl.
Ahmad Hasan Maimandi, minis-
ter of Mahmiid, i, 32, 39,
45
Ahmad ibn Muhammad, patron
of Firdausi, i, 29
Ahran, Ruman chief, 154, iv,
342 seq., 353
bidden by Caesar to slay the
dragon of Mount Sakila,
IV, 342
takes counsel with Minn,
iv, 342
referred by Mirin to Hishwi,
iv, 344
Ahran, required by Gushtasp to
furnish liini with arms, iv,
345
goes with Gushtasp and
Hishwi to Mount Sakila,
iv, 34^'
Hishwi and, welcome (kish-
tcisp on his return, iv,
347
gives gifts to Gusht4.sp, iv,
347
Ahran, has the dead dragon con-
veyed to Caesar's court,
iv, 348
marries Caesar's third
daughter, iv, 348
Mirin and, display their
accomplishment on the
riding-ground, iv, 349
Caesar's wrath with Mirin
and, iv, 351
Mirin and, send a scornful
inessage to Caesar, iv, 353
set to guard the baggage,
iv, 355
i Ahriman, the Zoroastrian Evil
Principle, sometimes used
metaphorically, 139,1, 5, 6,
50, 134. 138, 159, 194.205,
2t8, 236, 238, 241. 245,
287, 315, 360 ; ii, 34, 42,
43. 51. 53. 56, 78, 160.
208, 214, 217, 250, 260,
303. 315. 324. 358, 3f>i.
374 seq., 405 seq. ; iii,
17, 123, 214,228, 2.51,266,
275, 277, 287, 293, 294.
300, 303, 304, 314, 316,
318, 338 ; iv, 23, 41 seq.,
45, 46, 89, 103, 124, 128,
130, 162, 163, 179, 206,
243, 272, 288, 342, 348,
352 ; V, 17, 33, 36, 45, 50,
90, 99, 103, 122, 123, 125,
147, 177, 198, 206, 246,
271, 276; vi, 106, IT2,
206, 240, 281, 290, 299,
318, 384; vii, 89, 233,
265, 271, 290, 312, 323,
334. 359. 366, 367, 369 ;
viii, 19, 21, 22. 86, 87, 176,
177, 198, 210, 219, 243.
293. 333. 3f>4. 421 ; ix,
8, 18, 73, 74, 79, 91
envies Gaiiimart, i, 118
son of (the Black Div), i, 119
Surush warns Gaiumart
against, i, 119
ridden by Tahmuras, i, 125,
127
= Zahhak, i, 162
= Salm and 'J"ur, i, 194
GENERAL INDEX
197
Ahriman=AfrAsiyAb, i, 366
Faith of, ii, 358 ; vi, 281, 290
= idolatcT, viii, 54
= Band\vi or Guslaliam,
viii, Sy
= Kharrad, son of Jiarzin,
viii, III
= Bahram Chiibina, viii, 295
Ahuna Vairya, Zoroastrian
sacred formula, v, 17
Ahura Mazda (Urmuzd), the
Zoroastrian Good Prin-
ciple, i, 116, 235 ; ii, 23
81 ; iv, 137
Ahwaz, city and province
(KhuzistAn, Susiana), i,
28G ; vi, 35, 199, 298, 357;
vii, 197, 198, 201, 214,
224 ; viii 400, 402
Airan-ve^o (Iran-vej q.v.), ii, i8g
Akem IVIanau, Zoroastrian de-
mon, iii, 271, 272
=Akuman = Akwan, iii 272
assails Zarduhsht v, 17
Akesines (Chinab), Indian river,
vi, 31. 64
Akhast, Turanian hero, 151 ;
iv, 105
chosen to fight with Zanga,
iv, 97
slain by Zanga, iv, 106
Akhshunwar ( Achshunwar) ,
Haitalian king, vii, i6o
Akki, foster-father of Sargon I
of Agani, v, 293
Aknaton, Pharaoh (XVIII
dynasty)
lover of peace like Yazda-
gird, son of Shapiir, vi, 371
'Akr Babil, prison, viii, 194, 196
Akuman. See Akem Manau.
Akwan, div, J50, iii, 270 seq., 280
seq., 284, 309
Story of, iii, 271
Professor Noldekc on the,
iii, 271
Firdausi on, iii, 273, 281
boukler of, iii, 271, 27O, 309,
343. 344. 347
removed from pit's mouth
by Kustam, iii, 345
Akwan, appears in the form of
an onager, iii, 273 seq.
pursued by Kustam, iii, 275
foils Kustam, iii, 276
takes Kustam at a disad-
vantage, iii, 276
offers Kustam a choice of
deaths, iii, 277
outwitted by Kustam, iii,
277
slain by Kustam, iii, 28 1
described by Rustam, iii, 282
Al, place, ix, 93
Alans (Alani), people, now the
Ossetes of the Caucasus,
141, 167, i, 217 ; iv, 14,
60, 65, 301 ; vi, 395 ;
viii, 36<)
invade Iran, i, 19
castle of the, i, 223
taken by Karan, i, 223,
seq.
castellan of, duped by
Karan, i, 224
monarch of, vi, 395
Nushirwan's dealings with,
vii, 216, 239 seq.
King of = Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 208, 209, 213
Alar, a village in Ardshir-Khurra
q.v., vi, 205
Albfriini, Abu Raihan ]\Iuham-
mad, Oriental author and
chronologist (A.D. 973-
1048), ii, 189
account of Alfir (Gangdizh ?)
by, ii, 190
Alburz, mountain-range south of
the Caspian, also mythi-
cal range (Hara-bcre-
zaiti) surrounding the
earth, 142, i, 4, 71, 145,
158, 235, 248, 250, 277,
298, 351. 373 ; ii. II. 23,
27, 79. 96, 1-14. 336, 401 ;
iii, 120 ; iv, 136 ; v, 202 ;
vii, 177 ; ix, 95
Faridiin taken by his mother
to, i, 152
Zci.1 cast away, and found,
upon, i, 241 seq.
iq8
GENERAL INDEX
Alburz, Kai Kubad brought by
Rustani from, i, 3.S2 scq.
Kai Kaiis' buildings on, ii,
81
Aleppo (Chalybon - Beroea), city
in northern Syria, vii,
218 ; viii, 41
Alexander I, king of Epirus
Italian expedition of, vi, 12
attributed to Alexander
the Great, vi, 12
Alexander the Great (Sikandar
q.v.), B.C. 356-323. son of
Philip II of Macedon and
his queen Olympias, 1,14,
49 ; ii, 8 seq. ; iv, 314 ;
V, 30 ; vi, 193, 194, 204,
252, 253, 373 ; vii, 383
barrier of, i, 16 ; vi, 78
legend of, in the Kuran,
vi, 78
persecutor of Zoroastrian-
ism, i, 15, 59, 61, 63, 338
paternity of, i, 55 and note ;
vi, 16, 18
one of the Zoroastrian triad
of evil, i, 59 and note
said to have burnt the Zoro-
astrian scriptures, i, 63
Zoroastrianism under, i, 63
Era of, ii, 190
accompanied by experts to
the East, vi, 11
Romance of, origin and
growth of, vi, 12 seq.
diagram to illustrate, vi,
84
Syriac Christian Legend of,
See Syriac.
Muhammad's references to,
in the Kuran, vi, 15, 77
Persian national hero, how
he became, vi, 15
cities founded by, vi, 13,
18
name, Persian legend of his,
vi, 19
Aristotle, tutor of, vi, 29
letter to, vi, 68
correspondence about the
succession with, vi, 81
Alexander the Great, Roxana
(Rushanak) and, vi, 30, 32
reign of, first years of, in
history and romance, vi,
30
Darius' banquet, his flight
from, vi, 30
his pursuit of, vi, 31
murderers of, his treat-
ment of them in history
and romance, vi, 32, 33
daughter of, marries, vi,
33
Eakirs and, vi, 61
Calanus and, vi, 61
Porus and, historical ac-
count of, vi, 63
camp of, his visit to, vi,64
iron steeds, his device of, vi,
64
stature of, vi, 64
Cleophis and, vi, 65
Ammon, Oasis of, his visit
to, vi, 65
Candace (Kaidafa) and, vi,
65 5^^.
Antigonus (Naitkun), as-
sumes name of, vi, 66
Plutarch's Life of, vi, 67
Brahmans, visit of, to the,
vi, 67
Indus mistaken for the Nile
by, vi, 68
marvels of his return-jour-
ney, vi, 69
admiral of (Nearchus), vi, 69
Amazons and, vi, 12, 72
legend of, vi, 72
Gloom and Fount of Life,
legend of his expedition
to, in the Pseudo-Cal-
listhenes, vi, 74 seq.
Andreas, his cook, legend of,
vi, 76
in the Kuran, vi, 77
Will of, vi, 81
death of, vi, 82
dispute over his place of
interment, vi, 82
corpse of, taken to Memphis,
vi, 82
GENERAL INDEX
199
Alcxaiukr, the Great, interred at
Alexandria, vi, 82
lonil) of, vi, 8z
Mas'i'uH on, vi, 82
S. Chrysostom on, vi, 82
wars on the death of, vi,
197
Alexander, son of Alexander the
Great and Cleophis (?). vi,
65
Alexandria (Iskandariya q.v.),
city and sea-port in
Egypt, vi. 13. 15. 17. 83
founded by Alexander the
Great, vi, 13
Pseudo-Callisthenes orig-
inated at, vi, 13
Alexander, the Great, buried
at, vi, 82
his tomb at, vi, 82
Mas'iidi on, vi, 82
S. Chrysostom on, vi, 82
Alfir (Gangdizh ?), palace-fort-
tress of the capital of
Kharazm, ii, 190
Al Hadr. See Hatra.
'AH, husband of Fatima, daugh-
ter of Muhammad, and
fourth Khalifa (A.D. 656
—661)
Muhammad on, i, 12, 106
cult of, i, 13
known as " the Lion," i, 13.
107
assassination of, i, 13
Firdausi's references to, i,
24. 37. 40, 41. 106, 107;
ii, 337 and note
'All, the Dilamite, friend and
helper of Firdausi, i, 35 '•
ix, 121
transcriber of the Sh4h-
nama, i, 39
Alif, terminal, Firdausi's use of,
iii. 283
Al Iskandariis. See Ilalai.
Al Khidr (Khisr q.v.), the Green
Prophet, vi, 78 and note
Alkiis, Turanian hero, ii, 114
Alkus, fights with, and worsts,
Zawara, ii, H5
slain by Kustani, ii, 113
Allah, Muhammadan name of
the Deity, i, 5"
Al Mansur, 'Abbasid Khalifa
(A.D. 754-775). founder of
Baghdad, vi, 254
Almds, river, iii, 251
Alp-Arselan (Arslan), Seljuk Sul-
tan (A.D. 1063-1073), n,
219 note
Alptigin, founder of the Ghazni-
vid dynasty, i, 20
Altuniya, place, ix, 92
Aiwa, Rustam's spear-bearer,
slain by Kamus, I49'
iii, 188
Aiwa, Iranian hero, probably
identical with the above,
V, 166
slain by Niish Azar, v,
226
Amasis, viii, I93
Amazons, their disputed visit to
Alexander, the Great, vi,
12, 72
origin of, vi, 71
described, vi, I53 5<'?-
Sikandar's correspondence
with, and visit to, vi, i53
Ambar (Anbar, Piriiz - Shapur),
city on the left bank of
the Euphrates some forty
miles west of Baghdad,
founded by Shapur son of
Urmuzd (Sapor II.) The
word means " granaries."
vi, 3-7 i viii, 188
foundation of, attributed to
the Azdites, i, it
Ambassadors, instances of kings
and chiefs going in person
as ambassadors or spies,
vi, 3^5
Ambuh, place, iii-, 41
Amen-Ra, Egyptian god per-
sonated by Nectanebus.
vi, 16
200
GENERAL INDEX
Ameshapentas, tlio, personifica-
tions of good (]ualitics in
Zoroastrian tlicology, iii,
271 ; V. 15 seg.
Amida (Diyarbakr), city on the
upper Tigris, vii, 187
Ami'n, 'Abbasid Khalifa, (A.D.
809-S13), i, 14
Ammianus Marcellinus (4th cen-
tury A.D.) Roman histor-
ian, V, 13
Ammon, Oasis of, Alexander the
Great's visit to, vi, 30, 65
'Ammuriya, Riiman stronghold
in Asia Minor between
Sivri Hisar and Ak-Shahr
probably representing the
ancient Amorium but
sometimes confounded
with Angora (Anguriya)
the ancient Anc3'ra fur-
ther to the north-east, vi,
23 note, 89, viii, 46 (C/.
LEC. pp. 134, 153)
Failakiis marches from,
against Darab, vi, 23
Amorium. See 'Ammuriya.
Amr, Arab chief, attacks Hur-
muzd, viii, 93
Amul, city in Mazandaran, i, 145,
177. 289, 298, 344, 366,
367 ; ii, 18, 104 ; v, 284 ;
vii, 89, 237 ; viii, 355,
SSfJ, 358, 392 ; ix, 86
Amul. See Amwi.
Amulet, of Kai Khusrau, iv, 133
given by Zarduhsht to As-
fandiyar, v, 130
Amwi (Amul, Amuyah, now
Charjui), city on the left
bank cf the Oxus where
crossed by the route from
Marv to Bukhar4, iv, 11,
65, 154, 184, 206; vii,
91 and note. 331, 357,359;
yiii. 354
Andbdeh, vi, 32
Ana.^sth(?tics, employment of, i,
236, 321 seq.
An bar. See Ambar.
Ancyra. Sec Ammuriya.
Andalus (Land of the West oy of
the Vandals), Spain, r^^g,
vi, 66, 122, 138
queen of (Kaidafa (j-v.), vi,
121 sec/.
Andaman, Iranian noble, viii,
202
Andarab, town in Afghanistan
between Balkh and Kabul,
iv, 65
Andariman, Turanian hero, 151,
ii, 264 ; iv, 26 ; v, 29
fights with Gustaham, iv, 87
steed of, slain by Hajir, iv,
87
rescued by the Turkmans,
iv, 87
chosen to fight with Gurgin,
iv, 97
slain by Gurgin, iv, 104
Andariman (Vajjdarcmaini),
brother of Arjasp, v, 12,
141. 135
commands one wing of the
host, V, 46
executed by Asfandiyar, v,
158
Andarznamak (Ahdnamak),
Pahlavi treatise, vi, 257
Andiv, country, viii, 313
Andiyan, Iranian wairior, jy2
viii, 225, 257, 259, 269, 293,
294, 296
deceived by Caesar's talis-
man, viii, 273
Bahram Chubina writes to,
viii, 285
receives Kirman, viii, 313
Andreanticus, sea, vi, 77
Andreas, Alexander the Great's
cook,
legend of, vi, 76 seq.
in Kurdn, vi, 77
Androphagoi, the, iii, 191
Anestres Castri = Nushirwan, vii,
383
Angora. See 'Ammuriya.
Angra Mainyu =Ahrinuin, ii, 28
Animals, domestication of, i, 126
Ant, the, l-irdausi's plea for, i,
201 and note
GENERAL INDEX
20I
Antahiya (Antioch), city in
Syria on the Orontes, i6j,
viii, 41
taken by Niishirwan, vii,
218, 25S scq.
Anligonus (Naitkun), name as-
sumed by Alexander the
Great in legend, vi,
66
Antioch. See Antakiya.
New, vii, 218, 250
Antiochus, Macedonian general,
vi, 76
Antiochus Sidetes, ii, 80, 81
Aogemaide, Pahlavi treatise, iv,
136
Antipater, regent in Macedonia
for Alexander the Great,
intrigued against by
Olympias, vi, 82
Aphrodite, goddess, iv, 315
Apollo, god, and the Python,
vi, 203
Apologues, i, 242, 265, 285 ;
iii, 332 ; iv, 18, 21, 28,
47 ; vi, 310 ; ix, 86
Apothegms, i, 259, 260 ; 11, 157,
1 58, 170, 224, 254, 273,
298, 300, 313, 315, 330.
357. 383 ; iii. 53. 9i. 96,
167, 188, 212, 260, 277,
301, 316, 341, 348, 350,
351 ; iv. 13. 32, 33, 38,
39. 59, 93. 108, 121, 131,
268 ; V, 78, 105, 168, 214,
242, 249, 250, 265 ; vi,
50, 303. 343 ; vii, 17, 18,
20, 42, 270, 277, 296, 301,
403 ; viii, 119, 166, 206,
215, 221, 235, 295 ; ix,
87, 88, no
Apprentice, a merchant's, enter-
tains, and finds favour
with, Bahrani Gur, vii,
40 seq.
Apries (Pharoah-Hophra, B.C.
589-570). vi, 16
Apsheron, peninsula on the
western shore of the Cas-
pian, i, 58, note
Aptya. See Ablin.
.\rab, Arabs, 162, i6j, ii, 79, 81,
99 ; iii, 14 ; iv, 14 ; v,
31 ; vi, 66, 171, 209, 254,
321 seq., 377, 385, 396,
398, 402, 406 ; vii, 10,
107, 201, 219, 244, 245,
247 ; viii, 67,94, 188, 190,
191, 208, 230, 241, 250,
251 ; ix, 3. 5. 25, 60, 69,
70, 72, 75 seq., 79, 89. 92,
94 seq., 114, 117
migration of, northward, i,
1 1
raids of, into Persian terri-
tory, i, 12 ; vi, 17, 21,
domination of, over Iran, 1,
12 seq.
king = Mardas, i, 135
= Zahhak, i, 139, 275
rebellion of, against Kai
Kaiis, ii, 83
Afrasiyab fights with, for
fran, ii, 92
Darab demands tribute from
vi, 22
steed, i, 243, 251, 290 ; vi,
380 ; viii, 126, 302 ; ix, 11
cymbal, vi, 244
invasion of, viii, 72, 93 ; ix,
3. 65 seq.
withdraw, viii, 96
sage, sages, vii, 406
quoted, vii, 277
tribes, ix, 65
triumph of, over Dhu Kar,
ix, 66
chieftain, incites Abu Bakr
to invade Persia, ix, 66
concentrate at Kddisiya, ix,
67
booty found by, at Ctesi-
phon (?), ix, 68
annex Mesopotamia, ix, 68
Khiizistan, ix, 68
= 'Umar, ix, 72
seal, ix, 82
=:Sa'ad, ix, 84
defeated, ix, 85
Nushirwin's dream of, viii,
66 seq., ix, 92
202
GENERAL INDEX
Arabia, ii, loo ; vi, 70, 72, 206,
322, 355 ; viii, 24 note
trade of, ancient, i, 1 1
Iran and, the portion of
Traj, i, i8y
Shapiir son of Urmuzd's
expedition to, vi, 322
Arabian, Arabians, vi, 378, 388,
ix, 74. 85
Faith, vi, 95
Nights, i, 51 ; vi, 71,78,250;
vii, 317
provenance of, vi, 250 ;
vii, 3
quoted, vi, 73
Arabic, language, i, 32 ; vi,
147, 205 ; viii, 73 ; ix,
81
infrequent in Shahnama, i,
47
versions of Pahlavf texts, vi,
255 seq.
Fables of Bidpai (Kahla and
Dimna) translated into,
vii, 382, 430
Tabari. See Tabari.
Arachosia, the district about
Kandahar, vi, 32
Aragan (Ramkubad), town, vii,
188
Aral Sea, i, 57 note ; iii, 10
Arar tree, vi, 19
Aras (Araxes), river in Azar-
baijan, v, 13, 14
confused with the Oxus, i,
71. 370
Arash, king of the Khiizians
q.v., iv, 146, 148
Arash, son of Kai Kubad. See
Kai Arash.
Arash, Ashkanian king, vi, 197,
210
Arash, Iranian chief, vi, 394
Arash, city. See Hulwan.
Arastalis (Aristotle q-v.), j6o,
vi, 35
counsels Sikandar, vi, 179
sentences of, over the coltin
of Sikandar, vi, 185
Aristi, uncle of Zarduhsht (Zor-
oaster), V, 17
Araxes (Aras q.v.), battle of, viii,
76
Arayish-i-Kum (1 lierapolis), city
in northern Syria, west
of the Euphrates and
north of Aleppo, vii, 217,
218, 254 ; viii, 188
taken by Niishirwan, vii,
255
Arba, river, viii, 194, 195
Archer, iv, 179
constellation, v, 86
Archery, i, 263, 297, 312, 359 ;
n, 163, 266, 293, 328 ;
iii, 53 scq.. 74, 93. 9^ seq..
179 scq., 246 ; iv, 38, 48,
99, loi, 102, 104, 107, 122,
179. 338; V, III, 122,
229, 239 seq., 272 ; vi,
379, 383 seq. ; vii, 54,
55, 80, 118, 122, 125
Archimages, 141, 168, lyo, iy6
Architect, Riiman, and Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 401 seq.
Architecture, invention of, i,
129, 133
Archscribe, 171. See Izid Gas-
hasp and Mihran.
Ard, day, i, 88, q.v., ii, 287 ; iv,
252 ; vi, 298, 390 and
note ; vii, 112 ; ix, 70,
122
Shahnama finished on the
day of, i, 24
Ardabil (Badan - Piruz q.v.), city
in Azarbaijan, ii, 336, 405,
iv, 147, 188 ; vii, 89, 163,
224 ; viii, 93, 99, 100,
184, 226
Ardawan, Bahrdm, Artabanus
III or IV, the last Ash-
kanian (Parthian) king,
160, 161, vi, 3, 205, 214
seq., 254 seq., viii, 214, 285
Macrinus, his war and treaty
with, i, 81
effect of, on Persian coin-
age, i, 81
= Bahram, vi, 197, 210
status of, in Persian tradi-
tion, \i, 201
GENERAL INDEX
203
ArtlawAn, daughter of i6t, vi,
202
marries Ardshir PApakdn,
vi, 202, 229
incited by her brother
Bahman to poison Ard-
shir Pajiakan, vi, 259
condemned to death, vi,
260
saved by Ardshir Papa-
kan's minister, vi, 260
gives birth to Shapur, vi,
261
restored to favour, vi,
265
writes to Papak, vi, 214
summons Ardshir Papakan
to court, vi, 214
receives gifts from Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 215
highly esteems Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 215
sons of, vi, 215, 255, 267
note
their fate, vi, 228, 229 and
tiote, 259
disgraces Ardshir Papakan,
vi, 216
Ardshir Papakan intrigues
with slave-girl of, 160, vi,
201, 217 seq.
eldest son of, made ruler of
Pars, vi, 218 and note
consults the astrologers, vi,
218
Ardshir Papakan, vainly
pursued by, vi, 221 seq.
returns to Rai, vi, 223
writes to his son about
Ardshir Papakan, vi, 223
Ardshir Papakan marches
against, vi, 227
prepares to encounter Ard-
shir Papakdn, vi, 227
defeated, captured by Khar-
rad, and slain by Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 228
buried by Tabdk, vi, 229
palace of, at Rai spared (?)
by Ardshir Pdpakdn, vi,
229 and note
ArdawAn, secretary of, slain by
Shapur, vi, 256
= Mihrak = Mithrak =
Madik (?), vi, 256
Ardibiliisht, ameshaspenta q.v.,
iii, 286, 328
month, i, 82 ; v, 16, 39,
92 note
Ardshir, son of Bizhan,
goes with Zarir to Rum, iv,
360
hails Gushtisp as Shah, iv,
362
Ardshir, son of Gushtdsp, 15^, v,
26, 51
death of, foretold by Jam-
4sp, v, 49
slain, v, 57
Ardshir, Iranian hero, perhaps
the son of Bizhan, supra
tells Nastiir where to find
Zarir, v, 67
takes Fardmarz prisoner, v,
288
Ardshir (Bahman q.v.), Shah, vi,
213, 271 and note
meaning of, v, 259 and note
Ardshir (Artaxerxes II), brother
of Shapur, Sasanian Shah,
163, vi, 3, 328
Shapur arranges for the suc-
cession with, vi, 360 seq.
title of, vi, 364
abdication of, vi, 364
Ardshir, high priest temp.^
Piriiz, vii, 179 seq.
released by Khushnawdz,
vii, 180
Ardshir, high priest temp.
Nushirvvdn, vii, 304, 333,
337. 34^
discourse of, vii, 305
questions Buzurjmihr, vii,
308
Ardshir Khurra (Khurra - i - Ard-
shir), city, (Gur or Jur,
now iMruzabad), and dis-
trict in Pdrs, vi, 199, 205,
206, 229 and note, 231,
241, 245; vii, 206; viii,
251, 252, 412 and note
204
GENERAL INDEX
Ardshir Khurra, city, Ardshir
Papakan builds a I'lrc-
temple in, vi, 230
makes irrigation-works in,
vi, 230
meaning of, vi, 290 -note
Ardshir Papakan (Artaxerxes I),
Shah and founder of tlie
Sasanian dynasty, 160,
161 ; i, 42 ; ii, 10 ; v, 10 ;
vi, 193, 209 note, 213 seq.,
294 seq., 303, 307, 315,
322, 325, 405 ; vii, 79,
185, 212 ; viii, 191, 214,
222, 265, 270, 285, 392,
393; ix, 105, 109, III
Notes on, vi, 193 seq., 254
seq.
founds a new national
dynasty, restores Zoroas-
trianism, and collects its
scriptures, i, 62 seq.
genealogical table of his
descendants, vi, 3
rise of, compared to that of
Cyrus the Great, vi, 194
Tabari's account of, vi,i98
legend of Cyrus the Great
transferred to, vi, 195
birth of, vi, 213
summoned to court by Arda-
wan, vi, 214
equipped by Papak, vi, 214
presents gifts to Ardawan,
vi, 215
Ardawan favours, vi, 215
prowess of, in the chase, vi,
215
disgraced, vi, 216
writes to Papak, vi, 216
advised by Papak, vi, 216
intrigues with Guln4r, vi,
217 seq.
hears from Gulnar of the
presage of the astrologers,
vi, 219
flees with GulnAr to Pars,
vi, 220 seq.
followed by the divine Grace
in the form of a mountain-
sheep, i, 374 ; vi, 221 seq.
Ardshir Papakan, adherents flock
to, vi, 223
addresses his supporters, vi,
224
founds a city, vi, 202, 224
receives promises of help,
vi, 224
joined by Tabdk, vi, 225
Tabak and, defeat Bah-
man, son of Ardawan, vi,
226
marches from Pars against
Ardawan, vi, 227
defeats and slays Ardawan,
vi, 228
as recorded in Karnamak,
vi, 202
gives the spoil to the troops,
vi, 229
spares (?) Ardawan's palace
at Rai, vi, 229 and note
Tabak counsels, vi, 229
marriage of, with Ardawan's
daughter, vi, 202, 229, 259
returns to Pars, vi, 229
builds Khurra-i-Ardshir, vi,
229 and note
irrigation-works of, at
Khurra-i-Ardshir, vi, 230
war of, with the Kurds, vi,
196, 230 seq.
and Haftwad,vi, 236 seq.
message sent by arrow to,
vi, 238
worsted by Haftwad and
entertained and coun-
selled by two youths, vi,
239 seq.
slays Mihrak, vi, 241
marches to attack the Worm
vi, 241
gives instructions to Shahr-
gi'r, vi, 241
stratagem of, against the
Worm, vi, 242
slays the Worm and its
attendants, vi, 244
summons Shahrgir, vi, 244
and note
takes Haftwcid's stronghold,
vi, 244
GENERAL IXPF.X
2o5
Ardshir P^pakdn, defeats and
slays Haftwad and Shah-
wi. vi, 245
carries off the spoil, vi, 245
builds a Fire-temple, vi, 245
rewards the two youths, vi,
245
invasion of Kirman by, vi,
205. 245
goes to Taisafun, vi, 245
principles of government of,
vi, 250, 273 seq., 2S6 seq.
Reign of, 161, vi, 254 seq.
Note on, vi, 254
length of, vi, 254
Tabari on, vi, 254
coins of, vi, 256, 257, 265
Shapiir crowned by, vi, 257
cities of, vi, 257
prophecy of, vi, 257
enthroned at Baghdad, vi,
258
title of King of kings of, vi,
193. 199. -^54. 258, 273
inaugural address of, vi, 258
daughter of Ardawan and,
stories of, vi, 255
plot of, with her brother
Bahman, to poison, vi,
259
discovers plot against him,
vi, 260
consults his minister, vi, 260
condemns the daughter of
Ardawan to death, vi, 260
minister of, saves daughter
of Ardawan and mutilates
himself, vi, ig6, 261
Shapur, son of, born, vi, 261
hears about Shapur from his
minister, vi, 262
recognises and acknow-
ledges Shapur, vi, 264
restores the daughter of
Ardawan to favour, vi, 265
rewards his minister, vi, 265
makes a new coinage in
honour of his minister, vi,
256, 265
builds Jund-i-ShApiir, vi,
266
Ardshfr Pdpakin, harassed by
wars, consults Kaid, vi,
266
wroth at Raid's advice, vi.
267
seeks in vain for the daugh-
ter of Mihrak, vi, 268
referred to, vi, 270
discovers Urmuzd, vi, 271
counsels Urmuzd, vi, 280
calls and counsels Shdpur,
vi, 286 5^17.
Church and State, his views
on, vi, 250 seq., 286
duration of his dynasty, vi,
252, 257, 289
death of, vi, 291
Baluchistan, his failure to
conquer, vii, 242
Nard, invention of, attri-
buted to, vii, 382
True Cross in treasury of,
viii, 380
Ardshir, son of Shirwi, Shah,
175. ix, 43 seq.
makes Piruz general, ix, 44
entertains Piruz at feast, ix,
48
death of, ix, 49
treasury of, squandered by
Guraz, ix, 53
Are^a/-aspa. See Arjasp.
Aries, constellation, i, 88, 118,
310. 335; iii. 26, 38. 187,
318 ; iv, 24, 147, 158, 180;
V, 39, 109, 118, 119, 126;
viii, 342, 394
Ariobarzanes, the murderer of
Darius Codonuinus, vi, 32
Ariobarzanes, satrap, vi, 32 and
note
Arish, legendary Iranian archer,
V, 62 ; vii, 234 and note ;
viii, 75, 219 and note ; ix,
25
Aristobulus, Greek writer, temp.
Alexander the Great, vi,
12
Aristotle (Arastdlis q.v.), Greek
philosopher (B.C. 384-
322)
2o6
GENERAL INDEX
Aristotle, Alexander the Great's
tutor, vi, 29
letter to, vi, 68
correspondence with,
about the succession, vi,
81, 83
silk-worm, his account of,
vi, 204
ArjAsp, Turanian hero, ii, 264 ;
iv, 26
Arjasp (Areja?-aspa), king of
Turan, 155, 156, i, 61 ;
ii, 9, 29 ; iii, 109 ; v, 9,
II seq., 20, 22, 24 seq., 29,
31, 51 seq., 89, 98, 99, 107
seq.. 116, 141, 142, 159,
167, 171, 172, 180, 206;
vii, 330, 335. 337. 359;
viii, 95, 104, 148 ; ix, 104
hoard of, viii, 148
in receipt of tribute from
Gushtasp, v, 32
hears of Gushtasp's resolve
not to pay tribute, sum-
mons, and harangues his
priests, v, 36
sends Bidirafsh and Nam-
khast to Gushtasp, v, 37,
40
receives Gushtasp's answer
and calls out the host, v,
45
gives one wing to Kuhram,
V, 46
the other to Andariman,
V, 46
the chief command to
Gurgsar, v, 46
banner to Bidirafsh, v, 46
vanguard to Khashash, v,
46
rear to Hushdi'v, v, 46
marches against Iran, v, 46
defeat of, foretold by Jam-
^sp, v, 52
gives one wing to Bidirafsh,
V. 55
the other to Gurgsar, v,
56
centre to Namkhast, v, 56
takes the rear himself, v, 56
Arjasp, gives Kuhram the com-
mand in chief, v, 56
thrice offers rewards to any
that will fight Zarir, v, 61,
62
offer of, accepted by Bidi-
rafsh, V, 62
calls for Bidirafsh to fight
Nastur, v, 69
fights with the franians, v,
71
defeat of, v, 72
proclaimed by Gushtasp,
V. 75
hears of Asfandiyar's im-
prisonment and of Gush-
tasp's absence in Sistan,
V, 86
Summons his chiefs, v, 86
sends Situh as spy to fran,
V, 86
on receiving Sitiih's report
calls out the host, v, 87
sends Kuhram to attack
Balkh, V, 90
marches against Gushtasp,
V, 94
commands the centre, v,
95
defeats Gushtasp and be-
leaguers him on a moun-
tain, V, 96
Asfandiyar's vow of, and
prayer for, vengeance on,
V, 103, 104
hears of Asfandiyar's arrival,
V. 108
proposes to retreat, v, 108
sends awav the spoil of
Balkh, V," 108
five sons of, v, 108
persuaded by Gurgsar to re-
main and tight, v, 108, 109
makes Gurgsar leader of the
host, V, 109
arrays the host, v, 109
commands the centre, v, log
surveys the battlefield from
a height, v, no
prepares for flight if needful,
V, no
GENllRAL IXDEX
207
Arjasp, dismayed at Asfandi-
yar's prowess, reproaches
GurgsAr v, 1 1 1
hears of Gurgsir's capture
and flees, v, 112
entertains Asfaiuliyar dis-
guised as a merchant, v,
145
questions AsfandiyAr, v, 146
allows Asfandiyar to enter-
tain the Turkman chiefs,
V. 149
prepares to attack Bishutan,
V, I. 5 1
bids Kuhram prepare for
war, V, 151
sends out Turkhan with
troops to reconnoitre, v,
151
hears from Kuhram that As-
fandiyar has come, v, 152
bids the Turkmans march
out in force, v, 152
palace of, attacked by As-
fandiyar, V, 153
arms and encounters As-
fandiyar, V, 153, 154
beheaded by Asfandiyar, v,
154
palace of, fired and his wo-
men earned off by Asfan-
diyar, V, 154. 162,
head of, thrown from the
ramparts of the Brazen
Hold, V, 157
sons of, grieve for, v, 157
Asfandiyar takes the trea-
sure of, V, 161
Khan of Chin descended
from, vii, 334
Arjuna, one of the five Paii-
davas (Indian mythology)
iv, 138, 139
Ark, 158
Arman, Armenia or district in
Azarbaijdn, vii, 263
Armani, Iranian chief, ix, 74
Armenia (Arman, Irman q.v.),
country, iii, 12 ; vi, 202,
203 ; vii, 153, 224 ; viii,
93, 96, 184, 193, -0-2. 377
Armenia, Roman, vii, 1S7
Armenian, Armenians (Irman-
ians), iii, 286; viii, 188,
189, 195, 226, 248, 282
version of the Pseudo-Cal-
listhenes, vi, 14
— like, viii, 254
= Mausil, viii, 293 and note
Armi'n, son of Kai Kubdd. See
Kai Armin.
Arnawaz, sister of Jamshid, wife
of Zahhak and Faridiin,
and mother of fraj, i, 142
married to Zahhak, i, 146
seq.
counsels Zahhak as to his
dream, i, 148
Faridun meets, i, 162
Zahhak tries to kill, i, 167
son of, by Faridun, i, 177
Arnold, Mathew, his " Sohrab
and Rustum," ii, 118
Arran, the modern Karabagh,
the region between the
Kur and Aras rivers, i, 9
Arrian, Greek historian (A.D.
96-180), vi, 31, 68
Anabasis of, vi, 12
Indica of, vi, 12
Caspian Gates of, vi, 32
on the stature of Porus, vi,
64
Ichthyophagi, vi, 69 seq.
Alexander and the
Amazons, vi, 72
death of Alexander, vi, 82
Arrow-shots, three famous, viii,
Bahram Chubina's, viii, 126
Arsaces, name of the founder and
other kings of the Parth-
ian (Ashkanian) dynasty,
vi, 197
Arsacid, Arsacids, dynastic title
of the above, iii, 9 ; vi,
205, 255 ; vii, 156, 185,
212
imperial system of, vi, 198
some of, escape from Ard-
shir Pipakan to Armenia,
vi, 203
2o8
GENERAL INDEX
Arsac-d, rivalry of, with Sasa-
nians, viii, 73
Arsalas, murderer of Darius
Codomanus, vi, 32
Arses, Shah (B.C. 338-336) vi, 29
Arslan Jazib, one of Mahmud's
generals, i, 100
referred to, i, 114
Artabanus III (II according to
some reckonings), Parth-
ian king (A.D. 10-40), iii,
9, 10
Artabanus, son of above, iii, 9
Artabanus, Persian captain of
the guard temp. Xerxes,
V, 282
Rustam and, v, 282
Artabanus III or IV (Ardawan
q.v.), vi, 20I
Artang, the house of the heresi-
arch Mani, ii, 19 and tiote ;
vii, 355 and note ; viii,
172 and note, 362 and note
Artaxerxes Longimanus, Sliah,
V, 281, 282
Bahman and, v, 2S2
Artaxerxes Mnemon, Shah, i, 59
Artaxerxes Ochus, Shah (B.C.
359-338), vi, 18 note, 29
Nectanebus II conquered
by vi, 29
murdered, vi, 29
Artaxerxes I, Sasanian Shah.
See Ardshir Papakan.
Artaxerxes II (Ardshir brother
of Shapur), Sasanian
Shah, vi, 363
Arts, invention of the. See
Gaiumart, Hushang,
Tahmuras, and Jamshid.
'Anis, treasure, viii, 406 and
7iote, ix, 20
Arwand (Dijla, Tigris), ii, 392,
404 ; vi, 329 ; viii, 90 ;
ix, 85, 92
Faridun's crossing of the, i,
I Co
Arzhang, a di'v and commander
of the troops of Mazan-
daran, 143 ; ii, 43, 44, 56
seq., 63, 64 ; v, 203
Arzhang. put in charge of Kai
Kaiis and his troops when
taken prisoners, ii, 41
slain by Rustam, ii, 57
Arzhang, dungeon of, iii, 309
Arzhang, Turanian hero, 148,
iii, 76, 77
challenges the Iranians, iii,
119
slain, iii, 120
Arzhang, Mani the heresiarch's
house. See Artang.
Aryan, Aryans, race, iii, 10 and
note, iv, 137
race, i, 7
early seats of, i, 7
meaning of, i, 7
organization of, i, 7
primitive religion of, i, 7
belief in magic of, i, 8
division of, i, 8
India and Iran conquered
by, i, 8
Indian, their relations with
the Iranians, i, 15
Arzu, daughter of Sarv and wife
of Salm, i, 18S and note
referred to, i, 178 seq.
Arzii, daughter of Mahiyar the
jeweller, vii, 59, 61
referred to, vii, 55, 56, 58
sings to Bahram Gur, vii, 60
Bahram Gur woos and weds,
vii, 61 seq.
meaning of, vii, 65 note
Ascalon, city in Palestine, v, 292
Asdepias acida, plant. See
Homa.
Asfandiyar (Spc«to-data, Span-
dat), mythical Iranian
hero, son of ShAh Gush-
tasp, and the rival in
legend of Rustam, 155-
157. i. 4^. 55 ; ii. 29 ; V,
9, 10, 12, 24 seq., 29, 30,
41 seq., 45, 49. 69 seq.,
90 seq., 25S, 259, 261,
279, 281 seq., 289, 290,
293 ; vi, 15, 49, 55.
200, 213, 224, 242, 251,
271 ; viii, 95, 104 and
GENEILIL IXDF.X
209
Asfandiyar— com/.
tiote, 171, 270, 33.', 395
vo(e ; ix, 25, 26 note, 104
invulnerability of, v, 19
sisters of, 156, v, 20, 22
carried off by the Turk-
man?, V, 93, 100, 171
rescued by, v, 153, 162
lament over, v, 252 seq.
marriage of, with Ilumdi,
V, 22, 77
ignored by Firdausi, v, 22
birth of, V, 32
answers, in conjunction with
Zarir and Jamasp, Ar-
jasp's letter, v, 42
triumph of, over ArjAsp
foretold by Jamasp, v, 52
given command of one wing,
V. 55
addresses his five brothers,
V, 65
hears his father's offer of
the crown and throne to
the avenger of Zarir, v, 66
slays Bidirafsh, v, 70
presents the head of Bidira-
fsh and the steed of Zarir
to Gushtasp, V, 71
divides the host, v, 71
attacks, with Nastiir and
Niish Azar, the Turkmans,
V, 71
grants quarter to the Turk-
mans, v, 72
made chief ruler of frin
under Gushtasp and sent
by him to convert the
world, V, 76
rests from his labours, v, 77
makes Farshidward gover-
nor of Khurasan, v, 77
reports the success of his
administration to Gush-
tasp, V, 77
slandered by Gurazm, v, 78
recalled to court, v, 80 seq.
sons of, 157, V, 80, 81
resigns his host to Bah man,
V, 82
arraigned by Gushtasp, v, 83
vol.. IX.
.•\sfandiyar, put in bonds, v.
84
sent to Gumbadcin, v, 84
solaced by Bahman and
others, v, 85
Jamasp advises Gu.shtdsp
to release, v, 07
hears of arrival of Jamasp,
V, 98. 99
parley of, with Jdmasp, v,
99 seq.
eight and thirty brothers
of, v, loi, 103, III, 160
bids Jamasp send for black-
smiths, V, lOI
breaks his bonds himself, v,
102, 206
calls for his steed and arms,
V, 102
sets off with Jamasp, Bah-
man, and Niish Azar, v,
103
vow of, v, 103
laments over Farshidward,
V, 104
prays that he may avenge
Farshidward on .\rjasp, v,
104
shrouds Farshidward, v, 105
sees and addresses the corpse
of Gurazm, v, 105
passes the Turkman trenches
and defeats the outposts,
V, 106
interview of, with Gush-
tasp, V, 106
receives the promise of the
crown and undertakes to
deliver Gushtasji, v, 107
arrays and leads the host,
V, 109
attacks the Turkmans, v,
no
defeats Kuhram, v, no
takes Gurgscir prisoner, v.
Ill
defeats Arjdsp, v, 112, 206
grants quarter to the Turk-
mans, V, 113
distributes the spoil, v,
114
o
2IO
GENERAL INDEX
Asfandiyar, undertakes to rescue
his sisters from the Turk-
mans, V, 115
prepares to invade Tiirdn,
V, 115
Seven Stages (Haft Khwan)
of, ii, 29; V, 27, 118, 119,
121, 135, 162 ; viii, 171
Story of, 1^6, V, 116 seq.
compared with Rustam's,
V, 117
rivalry in legend between
Rustam and, v, 116
quits Balkh and goes, with
Gurgsar as guide, to
Tiiran, v, 120
offers the kingdom of the
Turkmans to Gurgsar in
return for faithful service,
V, 120
questions Gurgsar, v, 120
seq., 124, 125, 128, 131,
134. 139, 141
during his adventures in
the Seven Stages, leaves
Bishiitan in command, v,
122, 124, 126, 129, 132
note, 144
praised by Bishiitan and the
host, V, 123, 125, 131, 133
scythed chariot made by,
V, 126
revived by Bishiitan after
encountering the dragon,
V, 127
song of, V, 129
amulet given to, by Zar-
duhsht, V, 130
encourages the Iranians to
persevere, v, 136
prays for deliverance from
the snow, v, 138
leaves the baggage behind,
V. 138
reproaches Gurgsar for giv-
ing false information, v,
139. 140
offers to make Gurgsar
captain of the Brazen
Hold if he will be a trusty
guide, V, I4Q
Asfandiyar, guided by Gurgsar
crosses ford with host,
V, 140
cursed by Gurgsar, v, 141
slays Gurgsar, v, 141
surveys the Brazen Hold, v,
142
captures, questions, and
slays two Turkmans, v,
142
Bishiitan and, consult, v,
143
stratagem of, to take the
Brazen Hold, v, 116, 143
disguised as a merchant,
interviews Arjasp, v, 145
assumes the name of Khar-
rad, V, 146
questioned by Arjasp, v, 146
trades as a merchant in the
Brazen Hold, v, 147
meets his sisters, v, 147
gives a banquet to the Turk-
man chiefs, V, 149
surprises the Brazen Hold,
V, 152 seq.
provides for his sisters'
safety, v, 153
attacks the palace of Arjasp,
V, 153
encounters Arjasp, v, 154
beheads Arjasp, v, 154
fires Arjasp's palace, v, 154
carries off the women, v,
154
quits the Brazen Hold and
leaves Sawa in charge, v,
.154
joins Bishiitan, v, 155
pursues Kuhram to the
Brazen Hokl, v, 156
encounters and takes Kuh-
ram prisoner, v, 157
grants no quarter to the
Turkmans, v, 158
puts to death AndarimAn
and Kuhram, v, 158
announces his victory to
Gushtasp, V, 159
disposes of the spoil, v,
t6t
GENERAL INDEX
211
AsfandiyAr, carries off his sisters,
the womenfolk of Arj4sp,
and others from the
Brazen Hold, v, 162
sets fire to, and dismantles,
the Brazen Hold, v, 162
sends his sons homeward by
dirterent routes, v, 162
returns himself by the Seven
Stages, V, 162
picks up his left baggage,
V, 162
hunts while waiting for his
sons, V, 162
rejoined by his sons, v, 163
welcome of, on his return
to fran, v, 163
banquets with Gushtasp, v,
164
fight of, with Rustam,
Story of, 156
recited by Nadr, son of
Harith, at Mecca, v, 166
complains to his mother of
Gushtasp's treatment of
him, V, 167
counselled by his mother,
V, 1 68, 175
fate of, foretold by Jamasp,
V, 169
recounts his deeds before
Gushtasp, V, 170
promised the throne by
Gushtasp when he has
brought Rustam and his
kin in bonds to court, v,
173. 174
meets with an ill omen on
starting for Zabulistcin, v,
177
consults with Bishiitan, v,
178
sends Bahman on an em-
bassage, V, 179 seq.
message of, to Rustam, v,
179
receives Rustam's answer
from, and is wroth with,
Bahman, v, 191
converses of Rustam with
Bishiitan, v, 192
Asfandiydr, goes attended to
\ meet Rustam, v, 192
1 parleys with Rustam, v,
192 seq.
declines Rustam's invita-
I tion to visit him, v, 193
invites Rustam to a feast,
V, 195
repents of having invited
Rustam, v, 196
counselled by Bishiitan to
keep on friendly terms
with Rustam, v, 196, 217
does not summon Rustam
to the feast, v, 197
wrangles with Rustam, v.
198 seq.
does not assign Rustam his
proper seat at the feast,
v, 200
remonstrated with by Rus-
tam, V, 200
bids Bahman resign his own
\ seat to Rustam, v, 200
vilifies Zal and Rustam, v,
201
recounts his lineage, v, 205
j his exploits, v, 205
his capture of a hill-fort,
V, 206
tries a handgrip with Rus-
tam, V, 208
1 challenges Rustam, v, 209
astonished at Rustam's
prowess at the board, v,
210
declines Fustam's overtures,
V. 211 seq.
I calls Zabulistan " Babble-
I stead," V, 216
parodies Rustam's address
to royal tent-enclosure,
V, 216
arms for fight with Rustam,
V, 223
refuses Rustam's sugges-
tion of a general engage-
ment, V, 224
informed by Bahman of the
slaying of Niish Azar and
i\Iilir-i-Nush, v, 227
212
GENERAL INDEX
Asfandiyar, enraged with Rus-
tam, V, 228
wounds Rustam and
Rakhsh, v, 229
jeers at Rustam v, 229
calls upon Rustam to sur-
render, V, 230
returns to camp, laments
for Nush Azar and Mihr-i-
Niish, and sends their
corpses to Gushtasp with
a message, v, 232
converses with Bishutan of
the fight with Rustam, v,
232, 240
Simurgh instructs Rustam
how to overcome, v, 237
seq.
branch of tamarisk fatal to,
V, 239 and note
summoned by Rustam to
fight and becomes des-
pondent, V, 240
Rustam's final effort for
peace with, v. 241 seq.
Bahman and Bishutan hear
of the overthrow of, v, 244
address of, to Bishutan, v,
245
Rustam bewails, v, 246
confides Bahman to Rustam,
V, 248
foretells evil for Rustam, v,
248
gives his last charge to
Bishutan, v, 249
death of, v, 250
Rustam laments over, v, 250
corpse of, sent to GushtAsp
by Rustam, v, 251
funeral procession of, con-
ducted by Bishutan, v,
251
lamentations over, v, 252
seq.
corpse of, displayed by
Bishutan, v, 253
Rustam writes to Gushtdsp
to excuse himself in the
matter of, v, 256
Xerxes and, v, 282
Asfandiyar, Bahman on the ven-
geance due for, v, 283
referred to, v, 288
Asfandiyar-nama (Spand-dit-
nama), v, 26, 27
Ashemaogha, vii, 188
Ashi Vanguhi. the genius of
piety, iv, 137
Ashk, presumed founder of the
Ashkanian (Parthian)
dynasty, vi, I<J7, 210
meaning of, vi, 197
Ashkabiis, Turanian hero, j./.^>
iii, 183, 186, 207, 268
challenges the Iranians, iii,
179
Ruhham worsted by, iii, 179
Rustam's fight with, iii, 109,
179 seq.
referre 1 to, viii, 75
parleys with Rustam, iii, iSo
slain by Rustam, iii, 181
Ashkanian, Ashkanians, race and
dynasty, i, 49 ; iii, 9, 11 ;
v, 10, 282 ; vi, 196, 209 ;
viii, 214
duration of rule, vi, 193
times, Firdausi's lack of
materials for, vi, 193
surviving traditions of,
transferred to other
dynasties, vi, 194
importance of, vi, 194
genealogy, vi, 197
Ashkash, Iranian hero, iii, 33, 34,
89, 347. 350, 332 ; iv, 13,
57. 61. 65
Rustam and, go to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
conveys baggage toward
Iran, iii, 34O
Kai Khusrau sends, to
Khdrazm, iv, 15
Shida defeated by, iv, 60, 72
troops of, recalled, iv, 145
seiit with a host to Zani, iv,
I.S7
pillage of Makrdn by,
stopped by Km Khusrau,
iv. 243
GENERAL INDEX
213
Ashkasb, appointed governor of
Makraii, iv, 244
Kai Khusrau welcomed by,
on his return from Gang-
dizh, iv, 251
Ashtad, Iranian chief, ix, 1 1 seq.
chosen to visit Khusrau
Parwiz at Taisafun, ix, 9
and Kharrad parley with
Galini'ish, ix, 11
visit Khusrau Parwiz, ix,
12
report to Shi'rwi, ix, 27
Asia, iv, 315, v, 293, viii, 187
Minor, vi, 30 ; viii, 193, 194
Central, vi, 73
Asmodcus, demon, iii, 272
Asoka, Indian king (B.C. 264-
228-7). i, 15
Asp, as Persian termination, ii, 9
Assurbanipal, Assj'rian king, and
Khusrau Parwiz, reigns
of compared, viii, 193
Assyria, v, 292
Assyrians, i, 10
invasions of fran by, i, 10
Astawadh. See Haftwad.
Astivihad, demon, iv, 137
Astrolabe, i, 104, 188, 310 note ;
ii. ^15, 273 ; iv, 158, 297 ;
vi, 376 ; vii, 353 ; ix, 73
Astrologer, Astrologers, Astro-
logy, 1, 104, 18S. 255, 310
and vote ; ii, 233, 284,
409 ; iv. 27. 158, 159, 279,
284, 334, 335 ; v, 48, 168
seq., 263 ; vi, 108, 109,
114, 132, 195, 198, 201.
218, 227, 377 ; ix, 73
importance of, in Shah-
nania, i, 52
consulted by Faridiin, i, 194
Minuchihr i, 251, 307
Zk\ i, 255
S4m i, 278
Kai Kaus ii, 103, 215, 217
Afrasiyab, ii, 273 ; iv, 158
Siyawush, ii, 282
Kustam, iii, 219
Kai Khusrau, iv, 158
Human, v, 310
.\strologcr, consulted by Sikan-
dar, vi, 180
Ardawan, vi, 218
Vazdagird, son of Shapiir,
vi, 375 seq., 390
Bahram Gur, vii, i.}.], 145
Khan of Chin, vii, 353
Talhand, vii, 408, 413, 418
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 372
Astyagcs (Istuvcgu), king of the
IMedes (Manda q.v., 15. C.
584-550)
conquered by Cyrus, i, 18 ;
vi, 194
identified by Armenian his-
torians with Zahhak, i, 72,
144
Mandane and, legend of, ii,
190
Afrasiyab and, in legend, ii,
191
Asura. See Ahura.
Atbara, tributary of the Nile, vi,
65
Athenaeus, Greek writer (2n(l-3rd
centuries A.D.), iv, 316
Deipnosophistae of, ii, 10
quoted, iv, 314
Athens, schools of, closed by
Justinian, vii, 280
Athravans, priests of the Cult of
Fire, i, 56
Athwya. See Abtin.
Atkinson, James, on the Shah-
nama, vi, 250
Atossa, wife of Cambyses and
Darius Hystaspis, v, 11
= Hutaosa, wife of Gush-
tasp (?), V, 1 1
Atropatene (Azarbaijan q.v.), i,
9, 61
primitive seat of I'ire-wor-
ship, i, 56
sub-kingdom in Parthian
times, vi, 198
Attock, town on the Indus in
northern India, vi, 52
Aurand, father of Shah Luhrdsp,
v, 205
Aurva/-aspa (Luhrasp q.v.), iv,
316 ; v, II
214
GENERAL INDEX
Autumnal equinox, iv, 313
Kai Luhrasp crowned at, iv,
313
Avars, Caucasian tribe, viii, H)\
Avasta. See Zandavasta.
Avidius Cassius, Roman general,
vi, 291 note
Awa, Iranian hero, iv, 149
Awaza, stronghold, lyo, viii, 134,
138
Axumite, Ethiopian, dynasty,
viii, 24 note
Ayas, region, v, 61, 74, 107
Ayin Gashasp (Yazdanbakhsh),
Iranian noble, lyi, viii,
75, 150 note, 222
Hurmuzd consults, viii, 174,
177
and the prisoner, story of,
viii, 177 seq.
marches to Hamadan, viii,
178
consults a seer, viii, 178
murdered, viii, 181
avenged by Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 181
troops of, disperse, viii, 181
Azad Sarv, Firdausi's authority
for the Story of Rustam
and Shaghad, v, 260 scq.
Azad Sarv, archmage and agent
of Niishirwan, v, 261, vii,
283 and note
goes to Marv, vii, 283
discovers Biizurjmihr, vii,
283
returns with Buzurjmihr to
court, vii, 283
Azada, Riinian slave-girl, vi, 382
goes hunting with Bahram
Giir, vi, 382
tries to shame Bahram Giir
in his markmanship, vi,
383
slain by Bahram Giir, vi,
384 and note
Azar (Azarbaijan q.v.), ii, 195
Azar, genius, iii, 287, 328
Azar (Adar), month and day, i,
88, 89 ; vi, 41 1 ; viii,
244, 421 ; ix, 17
Azar Abadagan (Azarakhsh,
Azargashasp q.v.), Fire-
temple at Shiz (Takht-i-
Sulaiman) near the south-
eastern border of Azar-
baijan, not at Tabriz with
which the place has been
wrongly identified (NT,
p. 100, note), IJ2, IV,
259 ; vii, 86, 224, 362 ;
viii, 282 ; ix, 74
importance of, i, 61
visited by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 20
Kai Khusrau and Kai Kaus
go on a pilgrimage to, iv,
258
Khatiin, wife of Khan, sent
to serve at, vii, 5
Bahram Gur visits, vii, 86,
94
Nushirwan visits, vii, 250,
363
Azar Afruz, third son of Asfan-
diyar, v, 81
Azarakhsh (Azargashasp, Azar
Abadagan q.v.), Fire-
temple, i, 61
importance of, i, 61
Azarbaijan (Atropatenc q.v.),
province in north-western
Persia, i, 9, 61 ; ii, 336 ;
iv, 136 ; V, 16 ; vi, 198,
203 ; vii, 160, 214
meaning of, i, 56
Azargashasp, spirit of the light-
ning, i, 73, 248, 309, 349 ;
ii, 57, 294, 345 ; iii, 23, 53.
72. 92, 97. "4. 194. 276,
327; iv, 84, 100, 147,
175. 275, 307, 360 ; vi,
381 ; vii, 21, 79, 2^2 ;
viii, 46, 122, 152, 176,
245. 256, 415
temple of (Azar Abadagan
q.v.), iv, 136. 258, 259 ;
vii, 89, 250, 317. 365;
viii, 68, 184, 210 and note
visited by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 20
GENERAL IXDEX
215
Azargashasp, temj)l ^ of Kai
Khusrau and Kai Kaus
go on a pilgrimage to,
iv, 238
rcfcrrocl li>, i\-, J64
= Gushasp q.v., vi, 212
and note
Bahram Gur visits, vii,
86, i3<)
high priest of, converts
Sap.'nud to Zoroastrian-
ism, vii, 139
Niishirwan visits, vii, 250,
Khusrau Parwiz visits,
viii, 283, 307, 312
Azargashasp, Iranian warrior,
viii, 296
Azar Makan, father of Farrukh-
zad, viii, 40S
Azarmdukht, Sliah, lyj, v, 294 ;
ix, 56, 59, 69 •
reproaches Kubad, ix, 7
end of, ix, 59, 60
Azarnarsi, son of Hurmuzd son
of Narsi, vi, 318
Azdites, Arab tribe, i, 11
Azhi, \zi (Dahaka, Zahhak q.v.),
i, 142 ; ii, 81
Babak, Tribal Iving. Sec Papak.
Babak, muster-master of Nushir-
wan
bidden to enrol the host,
767, vii, 230
insists on Niishirwan 's at-
tendance for enrolment,
vii, 231
asks pardon of the Shah, vii,
Babar, founder of the Mogul
dynasty in India
resolutions of, as to wine-
drinking, vii, 75 note
Babblestead, nonce name given
by Asfandiyar to Zabul-
istan, V, 216
Babil (Babylon (j.v.), 160
I!al)r-i-Hayan, a surcoat of leo-
pard or tiger skin worn by
Rustam in battle, iii, 184,
186
referred to, iii, 278
Babylon (Babil, gate of the god),
city on the left bank lA
the Euphrates, now repre-
sentee! by the modern
Hillah on the right bank,
ii, 80 ; iii, 286 ; vi, 17,
31, 81, 83 ; viii, 191. ^49 i
ix, 65, 9^
hanging gardens of, v, 293
Sikandar marches toward,
vi, 176, 178
prodigious birth at, vi, 81,
180
Sikandar sickens at, vi, 181
dies at, vi, 81, 183
Zahhak king of, ix, 65
Babylonia, ii, 80, 81
Babylonian, vi, 254
script, vi, 320
Bacchus, Saint and IMartyr, viii,
188
Bactria, region between the
Hindu Kush and the
Oxus, vi, 32, 198
Bactrian plains, iii, 10
camels, viii, 47 ; ix, 93
Badakshan, region south of the
Upper Oxus and east of
Balkh, famous for its
rubies, iv, 65, 192
signet-ring of, i, 300
gem of, vi, 382 and note
Bddci.n-Piruz (Shahram - Piruz,
Ardabil q.v.), city built
by Shah Piruz in Azar-
biiijan, i66, vii, 160, 163
Badar, Jiadr, battle of, ii, 337
note, V, 166
Bad Awar, treasure viii., 406,
and nott', i<., 20.
Baeton, Greek writer, temp.
Alexander the Great, vi,
12
Baghdad, city on the Tigris,
founded by the 'Ab-
basid Khalifa Al Mansur
2l6
GENERAL INDEX
Baghdad — cont.
as his capital in A.D. 762,
on the site of an old Baby-
lonian city (Baghdadu),
161, 165, i, 14, 160 ; iii,
35 ; iv, 147, 256 ; V, 28 ;
vi, 254, 290, 322, 327 ;
vii, 83 and note ; viii, 109
note, 112, 174, 193, 203,
393 ; ix, 68
Ardshir Papakan enthroned
at, vi, 258
Yazdagird quits, ix, 88
Persian settlement of, ix, 67
raided by Arabs, ix, 67
Bagiz, vi, 32
Bagoas, vi, 29
Bahar, district in Turkistan
where Siyawushgird was
built, ii, 286
Bahman (Vohu Manau), ame-
shaspenta q.v., iii, 286,
327 ; V, 16 ; vi, 362 and
note
Yasht, PahlaviText, vii, 188
month and day, iv, 81 note,
V, 310; vii, 31 and
note
Bahman (Ardshir, Artaxerxes),
son of Asfandiyar, Shah,
156, J57, i. 42 ; ii, 9 ;
v, 81, 166, 251, 254, 293.
297, 303 ; vi, 20 note, 34
and note, 49, 200, 213,
270 and note ; viii, 270
eldest son of Asfandiyar, v,
80
Asfandiyar resigns the host
to, V, 82
hears of Asfandiyar's im-
prisonment, V, 85
goes with others to solace
him, V, 85
accompanies Asfandiyar
from Gumbadan, v, 103
sent on an embassage, v,
179 seq.
crosses the Hi'rmund, v, 182
coming of, reported to Z41,
V, 182
interview of, with Zdl, v, 183
Bahman, follows Rustam to the
hunting-ground, v, 184
tries to kill Rustam, v,
184
interview of, with Rustam,
v, 185 seq.
entertained by Rustam, v,
186
astonished at Rustam's
appetite, v, 186
leaves Rustam, v, 190
gives Rustam's answer to
Asfandiyar, v, 191
Asfandiyar's wrath with, v
191
resigns his seat at the feast
to Rustam, v, 200
informs Asfandiyar of the
slaying of Niish Azar and
Mihr-i-Nush, v, 227
hears of Asfandiyar's over-
throw, V, 244
confided to Rustam by
Asfandiyar, v, 248
Zawara warns Rustam
against, v, 250
remains with Rustam, v,
252, 256
instructed by Rustam and
profits thereby, v, 256
Gushtasp advised by Jam-
asp to write to, v, 258
Gushtasp 's letter of recall
to, v, 258
equipped by Rustam for his
journey, v, 258
welcomed and called Ard-
shir by Gushtasp, v, 259
and note
long arms of, v, 281
appointed by Gushtasp to
succeed him, v, 279
historical position of, in
Persian legend, v, 281
ascends the throne and har-
angues the chiefs on the
vengeance due for Asfan-
diyar, V, 283
invades Sistan, v, 2S4 seq.
sends a hostile message to
Zal, V, 285
GENERAL INDEX
217
Bahman, rejects Zal's concilia-
tory overtures, v, 280
sacks Zal's jiaiace, v, j86
pillages Zabulistaii, v, 287
lights, defeats, aiul exe-
cutes Faramarz, v, 288
Bishutan intercedes for Zal
with, V, 288
stops the pillage of Zabul
and rt'lcascs Zal, v, 289
quits Zabul by Bishutan's
advice, v, 290
passes over his son SAs4n
and nominates Humai antl
her issne as successors to
the throne, v, 291
death of, v, 294
referred to, v, 310
Bahman, son of Ardawan, 160,
161, vi, 202, 225, 227, 260 I
made ruler of Pars, vi, 218
and vole
referred to, vi, 222
bidden by Ardawan to seek
out Ardshir I'apakan, vi,
223
wounded and put to flight
by Ardshir Papakan and
Tabak, vi, 227
escapes to Hind after the
defeat of Artlawan, vi, 228 1
urges his sister to poison !
Ardawan, vi, 259
Bahman, Iranian magnate, temp.
Xiishirwan, vii, 312 ; viii, 1
22
Bahman, castle of, in Azar-
baijan, 146, ii, 336, 405
seq.
Bahrain, group of islands off
the Arabian shore of the
Persian Gulf, vi, 330 ; ix,
68
Bahram, genius, iii, 287, 328 ;
vii, 406 and note
day, viii, 279
fatal to Bahr4m Chubina,
viii, 337 and note. 339
and 7tote
Bahrdm, moralist, quoted by
Firdausi, ii, 186
Bahram (V'ardancs), son of
( ii'id;irz anil Ijrotiier oi tjiv,
Iranian hero and Parth-
ian king, 145, 147. 14^ :
ii. ii. 3.5. 38. 5«. 62, 85,
127, 138, 144, 158, 249,
257, 258, 271, 290, 318,
338, 340 ; iii, 13, 15, 19.
43, 46 seq., 67, 72, 95 seq.,
114, 116, 132, 200, 214,
232 ; iv, 8, 312 ; vi,
197
takes part in the Fight of the
Se\'en Warriors, ii, 107
seq.
goes with Siyawush against
Afrasiyab, ii, 226
put in command by Siya-
wush, ii, 250, 257
interviews Farud, iii, 47 seq.
Farud presents his mace to,
iii, 50
reports his interview with
Farud to Tus, iii, 51
tries to save Farud, iii, 52
reproaches the Iranians, iii,
66
slays Kabiida, iii, 74
rescues the crown of Riv-
niz, in, 94
loses his whi]i, iii, 11, 95
becomes fey, iii, 93
succours a wounded brother,
iii, 97
finds his whip, iii, 95
loses his horse, iii, 95
set on by Turkmans, iii, 98
Ruin, iii, 99
wounds Ruin, iii, 99
interviews Piran, iii, 99
attacked by Tazhdv, iii,
loi
found by Giv, iii, 102
death and burial of, iii, 104
Bahram, son of Zarasp, Iranian
hero, goes with Zarir to
Rum, iv, 360
commands the host in
Zarir's absence, iv, 360
hails Gushtdsp as Shdh, iv,
302
2l8
GENERAL INDEX
Bahram, franian warrior or king,
iv, 268
Bahram = Ardawan, \^i, 197, 210
Bahrani, son of Piruz, Iranian
warrior, temp. Bahram
Giir, vii, 85
Bahram, father of Shirwi temp.
Nushirwan, vii, 251, 262
Bahram, son of Urmuzd, Sasan-
ian Shah (Varahran I),
162, vi, 3
receives the throne from,
and is counselled by,
Urmuzd, vi, 303 seq.
mourns for Urmuzd, vi,
306
Reign of, vi, 307 seq.
Note on, vi, 307
appoints his successor and
dies, vi, 309
Mani and, vi, 327
Bahram, son of Bahram, Sasan-
ian Shah (Varahran II),
162, vi, 3, 308
appointed to succeed his
father, vi, 309
Reign of, vi, 310
Note on, vi, 310
story told of, vi, 310
Bahram, son of Shapur, Sasan-
ian Shah (Varahran IV),
J'5J, vi, 3, 371
Reign of, vi, 36S
Note on, vi, 368
ruler of Kirman, vi, 368
title of, vi, 313, 368
seal of, vi, 368
Tabari's account of, vi, 368
daughter of, vi, 369
resigns the throne to his
brother, vi, 369
dies, vi, 369
Bahram, son of Siyawush, iy2,
viii, 75, 163, 245
reported slain, viii, 128
returns with captive sor-
cerer, viii, 128
speech of, viii, 166
related to Bahram Chubina,
viii, 187
wife of viii, 187
Bahram, son of Siyawush, wife of,
warns Bahram Chubina,
viii, 247
pursues Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 233
besieges Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 236
beguiled by Bandwi, viii,
236. 243
returns with Bandwi to
Bahram Chubina, viii,
238
blamed by Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 238
given custody of Bandwi,
viii, 238
slain by Bahram Chubina,
viii, 247
Bahram, Iranian general, left in
charge of host by Khus-
rau Parwiz, viii, 296
Bahram, father, in Persian
Tabari, of Bahram Chii-
I bina, viii, 77
Bahram, name of, inscribed on
cup incites Khusrau Par-
wiz to afflict Rai, viii,
365 and note
Bahram Azarmihan, Iranian
scribe, lyo
Hurmuzd attempts to
suborn, viii, 85 seq.
reveals state-secret to Hur-
muzd, viii, 88
put to death, viii, 89
Bahram Bahramiyan, Sasanian
Shah (Varahran III), 162,
vi, 3. 316. 3^4. 334
Reign of, vi, 313
Note on, vi, 313
miscalled " Kirmanshah,"
vi, 313, 368
appoints his son to succeed
him, vi, 314, 315
Bahram Chubina, son of Gas-
hasp, marchlord of Rai,
Persian warrior and usur-
per, lyo-iys, i, 14 ; vi,
209, 250 ; viii, 70, 73,
184, 187, 199, 209, 214,
215. 343 seq.. 352 seq..
GF.xrn.ir ixnr-x
210
Bahram Chubina — coul.
350 seq., 360, iSi ; ix, o,
15, 16, 22, 91, 105
Romance of, viii, 72 seq.,
1S7, igi, 304 itolc ; ix, 5
NiJldckc on, viii, 73
account of, viii, 72
seller of sheep's heads and,
viii, 74, 107
dream of, viii, 75
withholding of booty by,
viii, 76, 1 48
insult of Ilurmuzd to, viii,
defeat of, in I.azic war, viii,
76
sends swords to Ilurnuizd,
viii, 76
parentage of, viii, 76, 77
malicious speech about, viii,
77. 150
coinage of, viii, 77, 173
brought to notice of Hur-
muzd, viii, 98
described, viii, 98, 206
identified by Zad Farrukh,
viii, 99
sent for by Hurmuzd, viii,
100
consulted by Hurmuzd, viii,
100
made commander-in-chief,
viii, 102
selects his troops, viii, 102
justifies his method in so
doing, viii, 104
receives Rustam's banner
from Hurmuzd, viii, 105
Mihran as recorder from
Hurmuzd, viii, 106
marches from Taisafiin, viii,
106
refuses to be recalled, viii,
108
marcfics to Kliuzislan, viii,
log and note
hay-seller and, viii, 109
marches toward Dama-
ghdn, viii, 109
parley of, with Faghfur,
viii, 112
i>ahrain Clu'ibina, refuses Sciwa's
olfcrs, viii, 113 seq., 117
seq.
counselled by Kluirrad, viii,
121
arrays his host, viii, 122
prayer of, before battle,
viii, 123
encourages the franians
against Sawa's sorcery,
etc., viii, 124 seq.
defeats and slays Sawa, viii,
126
doings of, after battle with
Sawa, viii, 130
rewarded by Hurmuzd, viii,
133
ordered to attack Parmuda,
viii, 133
holds revel in a garden,
viii, 135
attacked by and defeats
Parmuda, viii, 135 seq.
besieges Parmuda in Awaza,
viii, 138
informs Hurmuzd, viii, 138
negotiates for surrender of
Awaza with Parmuda,
viii, 138 seq.
receives surrender of, and
insults, Parmuda, viii, 143
blamed by Kharrad and
archscribe, viii, 144
tries to appease Parmuda,
viii, 145
lias inventory made of the
wealtii in Awaza, viii, 147
sends fzid Gashasp witli
spoil to Iran, viii, 148
Hurmuzd begins to suspect,
viii, 151
advances of, to Khan re-
jected, viii, 153
goes to Balkh, viii, 153
guided by an onager, viii,
136
incited to seek the king-
ship, viii, 158
change in, viii, 158
questioned by Kharratl, \iii,
i5'S
220
GENERA T. INDEX
Bahrain Cliubina, sends Yalan-
sina after Kharrad and
archscribe, viii, 159
pardons archscribe, viii, 160
Luck of, viii, 162
renounces allegiance to
Hurmuzd, viii, 162
intercepts the royal letters,
viii, 163
consults the chiefs, viii, 163
becomes friends with the
Khan, viii, 172
appoints a prince for Khura-
san, etc., viii, 173
marches to Rai, viii, 173
avenges murder of Ayin
Gashasp, viii, 181
historical campaign of,
against Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 189
carline and, viii, 1S9, 303
marches to the Kahrawan,
viii, 201
spies' report of, to Khusrau
Parwi'z, viii, 201
Khusrau Parwiz marches to
meet, viii, 203
interview of, with, viii,
204 seq.
tampers with troops of
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 225
combat of, with Khusrau
Parwi'z, viii, 228
arrives at Taisafiin, viii, 231
sends Bahram, son of Siya-
wush, in pursuit of Khus-
rau Parwiz, viii, 233
blames Bahram, viii, 238
chides, warns and im-
prisons Bandwi, viii, 238
addresses the magnates, viii,
239
elected Shah, viii, 243
gives malcontents three
days to quit Iran, viii, 244
plot against, viii, 245 seq.
warned, viii, 247
slays ]5ahram, son of Siya-
wush, viii, 247
hears of Bandwi's escape,
viii, 248
Bahrcim ("liul'fna, deceived by
forged letters, viii, 287,
293. 294
marches against Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 2S7
goes to Azar Abadagan,
viii, 28S
arrays his host, viii, 289
fights with and slays Kut,
viii, 290
sends back corpse of Kut,
viii, 291
worsts Rumans, viii, 292
" Harvest of," viii, 292
charges and routs Khusrau
Parwiz' centre, viii, 294
fights with Gurdwi, viii, 294
goes to fight Khusrau Par-
wiz and his body-guard,
viii, 297
leaves Janfuriiz in charge
of host, viii, 297
puts to flight and pursues
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 298
Suriish saves Khusrau Par-
wiz from, viii, 209
deserted by his chiefs, viii,
302
retreats, viii, 302
releases Nastuh, viii, 306
goes to Rai, viii, 306
welcomed by Khan, viii, 316
asks oath of Khan, viii, 317
counsels Khan to resist
Makatiira, viii, 318
challenged by Makatiira,
viii, 319
fight of, with Makatiira, viii,
320
Khan sends gifts to, viii, 321
asked by Khan's wife to
avenge ^dealh of her
daughter on lion-aje, viii,
324
battle of, with lion-ape, viii,
325,
extradition of, demanded by
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 328
urges Khan to make war
on frdn, viii, 330
sets foith for frdn, viii, 331
GENERAL INDEX
221
Bahrain Chiibina, Kharrcid at-
tempts to prejudice, with
Khcin. viii, 333
arrives at Marv, viii. 336
fatal day of, viii, 337, 339
Kulun seeks interview with,
viii, 330
stabs, viii. 340
sister of, mourns, viii, 340
dying speech of, viii, 341
makes Yalan-sina his man-
datory, viii, 342
letter of, to Khan, viii, 343
burial of, viii, 343
name of. on cup, viii, 365
and n?tz
assassination of, referred to,
ix, 4
Bahram Giir, Sasanian Shah
(Varahran V), 163-165. i,
42 ; vi, 3, 250, 325, 329
and note, 394 seq. ; vii,
160, 164, 165, 170 and
note, 174, 178, 187, 334,
359; viii, 75, 129 and
note ; ix, 26, 77
birth of, vi, 375
Yazdagird advised by mag-
nates to choose governor
for, vi, 376
put in Munzir's charge, vi,
372. 378
goes with Munzir to Yaman,
vi, 378
nurses of, vi, 378
education of, vi, 378 seq.
obtains his tutors' dismissal,
vi, 380
makes choice of steeds, vi,
380
slave-girls, vi, 38 1
goes to the chase- with a
slave-girl, vi, 382
markmanship of, vi, 383
seq.
slays his slave-girl, vi, 384
and note
goes hunting with Nu'm^n
and Munzir, vi, 384
picture of, hunting, sent to
Yazdagird, vi, 385
BahrAm Gi'ir, returns with
Nu'm^n to Yazdagird, vi,
386
complains of Yazdagird to
Munzir, vi, 387
receives advice and his slave-
girl from Munzir, vi, 3S8
falls into disgrace at court,
vi, 389
asks Tainush to intercede
for him, vi, 389
released and return? to Mun-
zir, vi. 390
welcomed by Munzir, vi, 390
hears of his father's death
and of the election of
Khusrau, vi, 395, 396
claims the kingship and is
snpported by Munzir, vi,
396 seq.
interview of, with Jawanwi,
vi, 398
negotiates w'th the Iran-
ians, vi, 401 seq.
Iranians produce examples
of Y'azdagird's cruelty to,
vi, 404
addresses the Iranians, vi,
404
proposes to decide the ques-
tion of the kingship by
ordeal, vi, 403
promises to rule justly, vi,
406
agrees to be the first to face
the ordeal, vi, 409
Reign of, 164, vii, 3 seq.
Note on, vii, 3 seq.
length of, vii, 3
largely legendary, vii, 3
character of, vii, 3
resembles Jarnes V of Scot-
land, vii, 3
accession of, vii, 7
age of, at, vi, 373
inaugural measures at,
vii, 7 seq.
holds eight days' court, vii,
7 seq.
appoints ministers, vii, 4,
8, II
222
GENERAL INDEX
Bahrani Gur, sends letters to
the chiefs, vii, 8
pardons his enemies, vii, 9
makes festival for three
days, vii, 9
rewards Nu'man and Mun-
zir, vii, 10
honours Khusrau, vii, 10
remits arrears of taxes, vii,
II
restores the nobles exiled
by Yazdagird to their
honours, vii, 1 1
proclamations of, vii, 12,
79, 82
persecutes the Christians,
vi, 373 ; vii, 4
war of, with Rum, vii, 4
adventures of, 164, vii,' 4,
12 seq.
forbids wine-drinking, vii,
allows wine-drinking again,
vii, 25
whip of, vii, 47, 54, 63, 64
ecjuipage of, for the chase,
vii, 48, 76
loses and finds his tughral,
vii, 49, 50
visit of, to Barzin, vii, 49 seq.
marries Barzin's daughters,
vii, 53
hunting-feats of, vi, 383
seq. ; vii, 54, 55, 77, 80, 81
visits a jeweller, vii, 56 seq.
course of life of, bewailed by
Ruzbih, vii, 56
many wives of, vii, 56
asks and obtains Arzu in
marriage, vii, 61 seq.
visit of, to Farshidward, vii,
68
forbids all plundering, vii,
79
ear-marks and brands
onagers, vii, 81
remits the tribute of Barkuh
and Jaz, vii, 82
visits Baghdad, vii, 83
holds revel at Baghdad,
vii, 83
Bahram Giir reproaches Ruzbih
for parsimony, vii, 83
reported to be given up to
pleasure, vii, 84
reproached by his chiefs,
vii, 84
secret preparations of,
against the Khan, vii, 85
summons his chiefs, vii, 85
levies a host, vii, 86
makes Narsi viceroy, vii, 86
goes to Azar Abadagan, vii,
86, 94, 139
march of, to Marv against
the Khan, vii, 89
defeats the Khan at Kash-
mihan, vii, 4, 5, 90, 170
note
marches on Bukhara, vii,
90
defeats the Turkmans, vii,
91
grants peace to the Turk-
mans, vii, 91
boundary pillar of, vii, 92,
160, 161, 164
makes Shahra ruler of
Turan, vii, 92
goes to Istakhr, vii, 95
makes gifts of treasure, vii,
95. 96
deposits the Khan's crown
in a Fire-temple, vii, 95
goes to Taisafun, vii, 95
welcomed by Narsi and the
chiefs, vii, 96
remits taxes for seven years,
vii, 5. 97
happiness of the world
under, vii, 99
bestows Khurasan on Narsi,
vii, 99
inquires about Caesar's en-
voy, vii, 100
gives audience to Caesar's
envoy, vii, loi
Caesar's questions to, vii, 102
parting gifts of, to Caesar's
envoy, vii, io6
addresses the archmages,
vii, 106
GENERAL INDEX
223
Bahrdm Gur, wazi'r complains of
Shangul to, vii, loy
writes to Shangul, vii, 110.
visit of, to Hind, vii, 3, 112
seq.
motive of, vii, 5
fabulous, vii, 6
bears his own letter to Hind,
vii, 112
audience of, with Shangul,
vii, 112
entertained by Shangul, vii,
116
wrestles before Shangul, vii,
117
displays his markmanship
before Shangul, vii, 118
calls himself Barzwi, vii,
121
slays monsters, vii, 121 seq.
offered a daughter and great
advancement by Shangul,
vii, 127
takes to wife one of Shan-
gul's daughters, vii, 128
receives an invitation from
Faghfiir, •/ii, 129
reply of, vii, 130
tells Sapinud of his wish to
quit Hind, vii, 131
meets some Iranian mer-
chants and pledges them
to secrecy, vii, 133
feigns sickness, vii, 134
escapes with Sapinud, vii,
134
reproached by Shangul, vii,
135
makes a league with Shan-
gul, vii, 137
welcome of, on his return,
vii, 137
addresses the nobles, vii,
13S
praised by the nobles, vii,
130
makes a new treaty with
Shangul, vii, 140
entertains Shangul and
seven other kings, vii,
140 seq.
BahrAm Giir, appointed Shan-
gul's heir, vii, 143
parting gifts of, to Shangul,
vii, 144
takes account of his trea-
sures, vii, 144
term of life of, foretold by
the astrologers, vii, 144
resolves to levy no more
taxes, vii, 145
unsuccessful attempts of, to
benefit his subjects, vii,
146 seq.
Gipsies introduced into fran
by, vii, 6, 149
appoints Yazdagird his suc-
cessor, vii, 150
death of, vii, 6, 150
Firdausi's reflections on,
vii, 150, 151
mourning for, vii, 151
Bahram-Gushnasp, father, in
Arabic Tabari, of Bahram
Chiibina, viii, 77
Bahram Tal, viii, 138 and note
Baida (White), a town in Pars a
few miles north of Shi'raz,
not to be confounded
with the stronghold
known as " White Castle"
further north, i, 236 ; vi,
198 and note, 199
Baigand, city and fortress
(Kuhandizh ?) between
Bukhara and the Oxus,
vii, 176
Afrasiyab encamps at, iv,
marches from, iv, 154
Mahwi encamps at, ix, 118
Baisinghar Khan, grandson of
Timur the Lame, life of
Firdausi by, i, 23
edition of Shahndma of, i,
23
preface to, i, G7
Baitu'l Mukaddas (Gang-i-Diz-
hukht), Zahhak's capital
(Babylon ?), also an Arab
name for Jerusalem, i,
161
224
GENERAL INDEX
Baitu'l Har^m, the Kaaba q.v.,
vi, 119, 121
B^j, Zoroastrian system of pray-
insr, i. So
Bakhtagan, father of Buzurj-
mihr, vii, 279
Baku, town on the peninsula of
Apsheron on the western
shores of the Caspian and
a chief centre of the
petroleum industry, i, 58
nole
Bakyir, mountain where Afra-
siyab had a palace, iv, 136
Balaam, prophet, v, 15
Bal'ami, Abii 'Ali Muhammad
al-, (died A.D. 99^),
Samanid minister and
compiler of the Persian
version of Tabari's An-
nals, vii, 5
Balas (Balash q.v.), Sasanian
Shah, vii, 170 seq.
Balash, king of Kirman, slain by
Ardshir Papakan, vi, 205
Balash (Balas), Sasanian Shah,
166, vi, 3
appointed regent by Piruz,
vii, 164
hears of the overthrow of
Pfriiz, vii, 1&9
Reign of, vii, 170 seq.
Note on, vii, 170
character of, vii, 171
introduces pubhc baths, vii,
171
end of, vii, 171
title of, vii, 171
accession of, vii, 171
Siifarai's letter to, vii, 173
welcomes Sufarai on his
return from Turan, vii,
181
dethroned, vii, 182
Balkh, city in northern Afghani-
stan. 154, ^55. ii. loi- --8
231, 242, 246, 249; iii.
153, 192 ; iv, 19. 20, 65,
156. 157. 255 ; V. 18, 20,
29, 31. 33. 41. 48. 73. 86,
87, 91. 104. 171. 255 ;
Ealkh — conf.
vii, 94. 331. 359, 384 ;
viii, 22, 74, 95. 153. 159.
161, 173 ; ix, 116
ancient seat of Aryan civili-
zation, i, 7
situated on ancient trade-
route, i, 57
seat of the Magi, i, 60 seq.
Zoroaster's successful evan-
gel at, i, 61 ; V, 18
Zoroaster slain at, i, 61 v,
92. 93
rhyme-word, Firdausi's dif-
ficulty with, i, 74
Shahnama, scene of, shifted
to, ii, 9.; iv, 317
Siyawush defeats Garsiwaz
at, and takes, ii, 229
Luhrasp makes, his capital,
iv, 713
becomes a devotee at, v,
Kuhram sent by Arjasp to
attack, V, 90
stormed, v, 92, 93
Luhrasp slain at, v, 91, 93
spoil of, sent away by
Arjasp, V, 108
Asfandiyar quits, to invade
Turan, v, 120
aphorist of, viii, 221
bestowed by Mahwi on his
son, ix, 115
Baliich, Baluchistan (Gcdrosia, ^
Makran), country, 167, ii, •
80, 226; iii, 34; iv, 136;
vi, 12, 70 ; vii, 340
Ardshir Papakan 's ill suc-
cess against, vii, 242
Nushirwan conquers, vii, 242
becomes prosperous, vii, 362
Baluchis, people, vii, 241 seq.
ravages of, vii,' 217, 241
chastised by Nushirwan, vii,
242
Balwi, Iranian noble, 172, viii,
257, seq.
deceived by Caesar's talis-
man, viii, 273
GENERAL I \ /)/■:. \
L'alwi, praised by Casar, viii, 279
receives Chacli, viii, 314
Baniddt, father of Mazdak, vii,
188
B^miyan, city in Afghanistan,
north of the Kuh-i-liaba
mountains and famous
for its Buddhist remains,
iv, 65
Banak, Iranian chief, temp. Ard-
shir Papakan, vi, 202
Bandawa, Sindian chief, defeated
by Sikandar, vi, 175
Band-i-Kaisar, dam at Shiish-
tar, vi, 295
Bandwi, Iranian noble temp.
Kubad, vii, 207
Bandwi, maternal uncle of
Khusrau Parwiz, iyi-173,
viii, 200, 202, 204 seq., 224,
225, 227, 231, 234, 245
seq., 289. 296, 298, 356,
357; ix, 4
imprisonment of, viii, 77,
176
Gustaham and, escape and
revolt, viii, 182
referred to, viii, 189
put to death, viii, 191, 355
accompanies Khusrau Par-
wiz in his flight, viii, 231
turns back and murders
Hurmuzd, viii, 232
rejoins Khusrau Parwiz, viii,
233
promises to save Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 234
disguises himself as Khus-
rau Parwiz, viii, 235
beguiles Bahram, son of
Siyawush, viii, 23O, 245
imprisoned by Bahram
Chubina, viii, 238
Bandwi, Bahram Chubina hears
of escape of, viii, 24S
entertained by Mausil, viii,
249
goes with Mausil to meet
Kluisrau Parwiz, viii, 282
Bahram Chubina writes to,
viii, 285
Band^vi, causes defeLtion of Pah-
rim Chiibina's chiefs, viii,
302
insults of, to Niyitus, viii,
309. 310
reconciled to Niydtus, viii,
311
minister of Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 313
adherents of, beheaded, viii,
370
execution of, referred to, ix,
16, 104
Bani Tayy, Arab tribe, viii,
188
Banquets, the Seven, of Niishir-
wan, 168. See Niishir-
wan.
Baniigashasp, daughter of Rus-
tam and wife of Giv,
ii. 4
stays with Rustam while
Gfv seeks Kai Khusrau, ii,
365
suitors of, ii, 383, 384
rejoins Giv, ii, 395
Bar, mountain-range in Khura-
san, V, 30
Bar, treasure, viii, 406 and note
Baraham, a Jew, 164, vii, 13
entertains Bahram Gur
scurvily, vii, 16 seq.
goods of, confiscated, vii, 20
Barbad, minstrel, 175, viii, 396
seq., 406, ix, 29 and note
supersedes Sarkash, viii, 399
visits Khusrau Parwiz in
prison, ix, 29
lament of, ix, 30
Barbar, Barbaristin, town and
country (British Somali-
land), 143, ii, y^ i''^.- 90.
93, 98 ; iii, 207, 269 ; iv,
136, 148 ; vi, 114 ; vii,
327 ; viii, 381
identification of, ii, 79
king of, ii, 83, 94, 95
taken prisoner by Guraza,
ii- 97
sends embassy to Gush-
tksp, V, 75
VOL. IX.
226
GENERAL INDEX
Barda', city in Arran^.w., now in
ruins, on the Tharthur a
tributory of the Kur, iv,
147 ; vii, 341 ; viii, 99,
100, 184, 222, 226 ; ix, 15
Afrasiyab takes refuge in a
cave near, iv, 259
Bardi. See Baida.
Barkuh, city between Istakhr
and Yazd, vii, 79, 80
tribute of, remitted by Bah-
ram Giir, vii, 82
Barmaiiin (Purmaya '/■'''■),
brother of Faridiin, i, 90, 91
Barman, son of Wisa, Turanian
hero, 142, 144, 151, i,
92, 342 ; ii, 18, 129, 130,
150, 349 ; iii, 79, 210 ; iv,
spies out the Iranian host, i,
346
challenges the Iranians to
single combat and slays
Kubad, i, 347
rewarded by Afrisiydb, i,
348
besieges Gazhdaham in
White Castle, i, 354
defeated and slain by Karan,
i. 354
revival of, in legend, ii, 119
marches on Iran, ii, 228
defeated by Siyawush, ii,
229
chosen to fight Ruhham, iv,
97
slain by Ruhh4m, iv, 102
Barrier, Alexander's (Sikan-
dar's), in the Caucasus,
160, i, 16. vi, 189, 249
legend of, vi, 78
site of, vi, 79
described, vi, 164
Barsaentes, satrap, vi, 32
murderer of Darius Codo-
manus, vi, 32
executed, vi, 32
Barsdm, general of Bfzhan, ix,
97. 117
marches on Marv, ix, 97, 116
Mcihwi's conduct to, ix, 117
Bar?dm, pursues and overtakes
Mahwi, ix, 118
captures Mdhwi, ix, 119
Barsam, the sacred twigs, imple-
ment in Zoroastrian reli-
gious ceremonial, i, 80
Barsine (Stateira), eldest daugh-
ter of Darius Codomanus,
vi, 33
marries Alexander the Great,
vi, 33
Barta, Iranian hero, 751, iii, 25,
92 ; iv, 149
chosen to fight with Kuh-
ram, iv, 97
slays Kuhram, iv, 105
Bartds, region in Turkistan, ix,
19
Barzin, sacred Fire and Fire -
temple on the Binaliid
Kuh, south west of Tiis
and Mashad in Khurasan,
i, 237 ; ii, 107 ; vi, 391 ;
viii, 216
Iranians worship at, vi, 400
Barzin, Fire-temple built by
Luhrasp at Balkh, iv, 318
Barzin, Iranian hero, i, 365 ; ii,
12, 22, 73 ; iii. 25, 127,
273
Barzin, father of Bihzdd, temp.
Yazdagird son of Shapiir,
vi, 395
Barzin, Iranian noble, temp.
Bahram Giir, 164
visited hy Bahram Gur,
vii, 49
entertains Bahrdm Gur, vii,
50 seq.
gives his daughters in mar-
riage to Bahram Gur, 164,
vii, 53
Barzin, father of RAd and Dad,
temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 86
Barzin, father of Ustad, temp.
Ni'ishirwan, vii, 251
Barzin, father of Shadan, vii,
382, 423
Barzin, bower of, vii, 83
Barzin, general of NushirwAn,
viii, 17
GENERAL IMJEX
2 27
Barzin, father of Kharrad, iji-
^73. viii, 74, 76, 190. 205
and passi)ii, ix, 4, 9, 12,
27
Barzin, father of Jahn, viii, 391
Barzwi, noncc-nanie assumed by
Bahrain Gur in Hind,
vii, 121, 134
Barzwi, physician and sage,
temp. Nushirwin, i6(), vii,
383
goes on a mission to Hind,
vii, 424
consults a sage, vii, 427
hears of the book of Kahia
and Dimna (Fables of
Bidpai), and procures it
for Nushirwan, vii, 427, 428
translates the above into
Pahlavi, vii, 382, 428
asks boon of Nushirwan,
vii, 429
Basra (Bassora), city on the
Shatt-el-Arab, ix, 68, 69
founded by 'Umar, ix, 67
Bastam, city near Damaghan on
the road to Nishapur, vii,
357
Bastan-nama (Khud^i - n4ma),
Firdausi's chief authority,
V, 24, 27, 261 ; vi, 17, 84
traditional origin of, i, 67
discussed, i, 68
translated into Arabic by
Ibn Mukaffa', vi, 16, 373
modern Persian, i, 67 seq. ;
vii, 382
Bastavairi, Bastvar (Nastur (/.u.),
V. 12, 25
Batanin (Marcian), Ruman
general, viii, 41, 47, 52
Baths, public, introduction of,
by Balash, vii, 171
Battle of the Twelve Rukhs, 151,
iv, 7 seq., v. 29
Firdausi's reflections on, iv,
98, 106
Eleven Rukhs, 151, iv, 88
arranged by Gudarz and
Piian, iv, 95 seq.
of the Bridge, ix, 5, 67
Battlestead = Brazen Hold, v,
121
Bazamish (Valerian, q.v.), 161
defeat of, and capture by,
Shipiir son of Ardshir, vi,
■294. -95
single combat of, with Gar-
shAsp, vi, 297
bridge built by, at Shush-
tar, vi, 298
Bazdnush (Jovian q.v.), 162, 163,
vi, 324, 326
elected Emperor, vi, 353
sues for peace, vi, 353
accepts Shapur's terms, vi,
355
Bazh, suburb of Tiis, i, 38
Bazrangi, dynasty of Tribal
kings, vi, 198
Bazur, Turanian warlock, iii, 128
uses magic against the fran-
ians, iii, 128
wounded by Ruhham, iii, 129
Beas (Hyphasis), easternmost of
the rivers of the Punjab,
vi, 64
Bedouins, i, 135, 179
desert of the, iv, 148
commanded by Zahir in Kai
Khusrau's host, iv, 148
Bel, Babylonian god, v, 293
temple of, v, 293
'Belisarius, Roman general (A.D.
505-565). vii, 1S6, 187,
217, 218
Berber, race in northern Africa,
vi, 73
Berbera, trading-station in the
Gulf of Aden, ii, 79
Berlin, viii, 192
Berozias, Barzwi q.v., vii, 3S3
Bessus, satrap, toiip. Alexander
the Great, vi, 32
assumes royal state in
Bactria, vi, 32
executed, vi, 32
JJhima, one of the five Pan-
davas, iv, 138, 139
Bhutdn, Indian kingdom, bet-
ween Assam and Thibet,
vi, 8 J
228
GENERAL INDEX
Bibliotheca, of Diodorus, v, 293
Bid, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 93
slain, ii, 59, 64 ; iii, 256 ;
iv, 296 ; V, 204
Bidad, city of Cannibals in the
vicinity of Sughd, iii, 244
seq.
meaning of, iii, 244 note
stormed by Rustam, iii, 246
Bidirafsh (Vidrafsh), Turanian
hero, 155, V, 24, 25, 41,
51, 52, 62 seq.
goes as envoy to Gushtasp,
V, 37, 40 seq.
returns with Gushtasp's
answer, v, 44
receives banner from Ar-
jasp, V, 46
commands one wing, v, 56
volunteers to fight Zarir, v,
62
slays Zari'r, v, 63
fights Nastur, v, 70
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 70
head of, presented to Gush-
tasp, v, 71
Bidpai, Indian sage, vii, 383
Fables of (Book of Kalila
and Dimna), brought to
Persia, i6g, vii, 213, 382
Bih Afrid, daughter of Gush-
tasp, ii, 3 ; V, 22
taken captive by the Turk-
mans, V, 93, 94, 100
goes with Humai to draw
water and meets As-
fandiyar, V, 147
escapes from Arj asp's
palace, v, 153
laments over Asfandiyar, v,
252
reproaches Gushtasp, v, 254
Biiiafridh, ancestor of Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 200
Bih Ardshir, Seleucia q.v. as
rebuilt by Ardshir Papa-
kdn, vi, 254, 291 note,
viii, 194, ig6
Bihbihan, town near the left
bank of the Tab river in
Pars, vii, 188
Bihisht (Paradise), name of the
country round Gang, iv,
195
Bihistun. See Bistiin.
Bihruz, a scribe temp. Bahram
Gur, vii, 71 seq.
makes an inventory of the
goods of the miser
Farshidward, vii, 72
Bihzad (" well bred "), the horse
of Siyawush and sub-
sequently of Kai Khus-
rau, 146, ii, 391 ; iv, 172,
303
Siyawush's last charge to,
ii, 312
Farangis instructs Kai
Khusrau how to obtain,
ii, 374 seq.
Bihzad, Gushtasp's horse, v, 56,
69
Bihzad, Iranian chief, temp.
Yazdagird son of Shapiir,
vi, 395 ; vii, 85 (?)
Bihzad, Iranian chief, teuip.
Kubad son of Piriiz, vii,
207
Binalud, mountain-range, west
of Mashhad, north of
Nishapiir, v, 29
Birds, Sikandar holds converse
with, 160, vi, 160
Birka-i-Ardshir, city in Pars
founded by Ardshir Papa-
kan, vi, 290 and note
Birmaya, cow, i, 151
supplies the infant Faridiin
with milk, i, 151
slain by Zahhak, i, 152, 153,
162 '
Birthmark, characteristic of
Kaian race, ii, 372 ; iii,
49 and note
described, ii, 372 ; iii, 49
Siyawush's, iii, 49
Kai Khusrau's, ii, 372 ; iii,
49 and note
Farud's, iii, 49
Bisa (Fasa, Pasa, city south of
Lake Bakhtigan in Pars,
vii, 89 ?)
GEKFR.ir. TXDEX
229
Bishop </»- predate (/.ji., iv, 341,348
as militarist, i, 373, 378 ;
iv, 197 ; V, 300 ; vi, 352
advisi's Cicsar, iv, 330
Nuslizaii's last requests to,
vii, 273
Bishi'itan (Peslio-tanu), brother
of Asfandiyar, 756, i^y,
V, 66, 117, 178, 179, 182,
195, 216, 223, 244 seq.,
249 seq., 261, 288 seq.
an immortal, v, 12, 19
birth of, V, 32
commands the host during
Asfandiyar's absence in
tlie Seven Stages, v, 122,
124, 126, 129, 13^. 144.
150
Asfandiyar praised by the
host and, v, 123, 125, 131,
133
revives Asfandiyar after his
encounter with the dragon
V, 127
prays for deliverance from
the snow, v, 138
Asfandiyar and, consult, v,
143
sees Asfandiyar's signal and
approaches the Brazen
Hold, V, 150
passes himself off as Asfan-
diyar, V, 143, 151, 152
joined by Asfandiyar, v,
155
advises Asfandiyar, v, 179
Asfandiycir holds talk about
Rustara with, v, 192
advises Asfandiyar to main-
tain friendly relations
with Rustam, v, 196, 217
Rustam served with un-
tempcred wine by, v, 211
despair of, at the situation
between Rustam and
Asfandiydr, v, 218
laments for Niish Azar and
Mihr-i-Nush, v, 232
Asfandiydr talks of the
fight witli Rustam to, v,
240
Bishi'itan, hears of Asfandiyar's
overthnnv and laments
for him, v, 244
Rustam bewails Asfandiydr
to, v, 246
Asfandiyar's last charge to,
V, 249
heads Asfandiydr's funeral
train, v, 251
displays the corpse of As-
fandiyar, V, 253
reproaches Gushtasp, v, 253
Jdmasp, V, 254
consoles Katiyun, v, 255
supports Rustam's over-
tures to (iushtasp, v, 257
intended by Gushtasp to be
Bahman's minister, v, 279
intercedes for Zal, v, 288
intercession of, accepted, v,
289
counsels Bahman to quit
Zabul, v, 290
Bistam (Gustaham q.v.), viii, 255
and note, 256
Bistun (Bagistana i.e. " Place of
God," Bchistiin, Bisi-
tiin), a lofty rock a few
miles east of Kirmanshah
and famous for its in-
scriptions, i, 379 ; ii, 128 ;
iii, 12, 184, 350 ; iv, 190 ;
v, 56, 184 ; vii, 61, 363 ;
viii, 209
inscription of Darius Hys-
taspis at, i, 6 ; v, 1 1
Gotarzes at, iii, 9, 11
= Zars white elephant, i, 328
= Rustam, v, 229
Biwarasp (Zahhak), i, 72, 144
meaning of, i, 135
Biward, Turanian hero, iii, 161
comes to aid P/ran, iii, 152
Biward, Iranian chief /e»!p.
Yazdagird son of Shapi'ir,
vi, 395
Bizhan, frdnian hero, son of Giv,
147, 130-15-^. ii, 4. 366
and note ; ii, 4, 366 and
note : iii, 20, 45, 67, 76
seq., 81, 92, loi, 115, 121,
230
GENERAL INDEX
Bizhan — cont.
129, 130. 133. 130, 141-
157 set]., 211, 234, 247,
248, 253, 259, 204, 271,
284 seq., 289, 330 seq., 337
seq., 349, 350. 352 seq. ;
iv, 7, 13, 26 seq., 56, 77,
88, 91, 102, 123 seq., 147,
292 ; vi, 194
favourite with the poet, iv, 8
parentage of, iii, 324
friendship of, with Gusta-
ham the son of Gazhda-
ham, iii, 15
relations of, with Gi'v, iii, 15
undertakes to slay Palashan,
iii, 26
to carry off the crown
and handmaid of Ta-
zhav, iii, 27
swears to avenge Zarasp, iii,
59
borrows a steed from
Gustaham, iii, 59
the mail of Siyawush,
iii, 60, 69
worsts Farud, iii, 62
praises Farud to Tus, iii, 62
fights with Fariid, iii, 64
Palashan, iii, 70
pursues Tazhav, iii, 77
takes Ispanwi captive, iii, 78
prowess of, with Kawa's
standard, iii, 93
shares his steed with Gusta-
ham, iii, 95
goes with Giv in quest of
Bahram, iii, 102
attacks Bidad, iii, 244
goes to summon Rustam,
iii, 245
worsted by Puladwand, iii,
25S
Story of, and Manizha, 150,
iii, 12, 28.5 seq.
historical basis of, iii, 11
Molil on, iii, 285
Firdausi on, iii, 287
referred to, viii, 72
volunteers to go to the help
of the Irmdnians, iii, 291
Bizhan, goes to Irman with
Gurgfn, iii, 292
destroys the wild boars, iii,
293
envied by Gurgin, iii, 294
steed of, iii, 296, 302, 313
interview of, with Manizha's
nurse, iii, 297
visits Manizha, iii, 298
drugged, iii, 299
wakes in Afrasiyab's palace,
iii, 300
holds revel with Manizha,
iii, 300
discovered by Garsiwaz, iii,
302
taken before Afrasiyab, iii,
303
sentenced to death, iii, 304
lament of, iii, 305
imprisoned, iii, 309; v, 116
searched for by Gurgin,
iii, 310
receives Rustam's ring, iii,
340
Rustam's conditions of re-
lease for, iii, 345
released, iii, 346
pardons Gurgin, iii, 346
joins in attack on Afra-
siyab's palace, iii, 347
presented to Kai Khiisrau
by Rustam, iii, 354
holds converse with Kai
Khusrau, iii, 356
desires to fight Human, iv,
39
asks Gi'v to lend him the
niaii of Siyawush, iv, 40
seeks Gudarz' permission to
fight Human, iv, 41
receives the mail of Siya-
wush from Giv, iv, 45
parleys with Human, iv,
45
returns after the fight in
Human's armour, iv 51,
defeats night-attack and
slays Nastihan, iv, 54
attacks with Giv I'iran's
centre, iv, 83
GENERAL INDEX
23 1
Bfzhan, fights with Farshidward,
iv, 87
chosen to fight with Ruin,
iv. 97
slays Ruin, iv, 103
asks Giidarz for help for
Gustaham, iv, 117
rescues Gustaham, iv, 124
seq., 132
brings back the corpses of
Lahhak and Farshid-
ward, iv, 126, 132
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles,
for refusing audience, iv,
Kai Khusrau gives audience
to, and other nobles, iv,
283 seq.
Kai Khusrau 's gift to iv,
295
brings Luhrasp before Kai
Khiisrau, iv, 300
sets out \\4th Kai Khusrau
on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
refuses to turn back when
bidden by Kai Khusrau,
iv. 307
Kai Khusrau farewells and
warns, and his comrades,
iv, 308
disappears and is sought
in vain by, and his
comrades, iv, 308
end of, iv, 309
Gudarz' grief for, iv, 310,
312
sons of, go with Zarir to
Rum, iv, 360
hail Gushtasp as Sheih, iv,
362
Bizhan, Ashkdnian king, vi, 197,
210
Bizhan, Khdn of Turks, jy6, ix,
70, 96
Mdhwi writes to, ix, 96
consults his minister, ix, 97
sends troops to .Marv, ix, 97
Mihwi makes war on, ix, 115
marches against Mahwi, ix,
117
Bizhan, Khiin of Turks, lays am-
bush for Mihwi, ix, 118
sends Barsain in pursuit of
Mahwi, ix, 118
hears of Mahwi's capture,
ix, 119
puts Mahwi to death, ix, 1 20
goes mad and kills himself,
ix, 120, 121
Black Di'v. See Div.
horse, Gushtasp 's, v, 18
cured by Zarduhsht, v, iS
Stone, meteorite built into
the wall of the Kaaba at
Mecca, ii, 163 and note,
vi, 65
Blest, Country of the, vi, 74, 76
Boars, wild, devastate Irman,
iii, 290
slain by Bizhan, iii, 293
Bombyx Mori. See Silk.
Book of Kings, Firdausi's Shah-
nama, i, 43
Indication and Revision,
Mas'udi's, vi, 252
quoted, vi, 252
Boot, golden. See Golden.
Borysthenes, river (Dnieper q.v.),
iii, 191
Boulder of the Div Akwan, iii,
271, 343 seq., 347
Rustam carried off on, iii,
276
flung into the sea with,
iii, 278
raised from the sea, iii, 309
used to cover Bizhan's pris-
on, iii, 309
removed from pit's mouth
by Rustam iii, 345
Boundary-pillar, Bahrain Giir's,
vii, 92, 160, 161, 164
Bowl, the full, svmbolism of, vi,
&3
Brabantio, his warning to
Othello, vi, 324
Brar/rok-resh, a Karap. v, 13
slayer of Zarduhsht, v, 13
Brahman, Hindu priest, iii, 29 ;
iv, 30 ; v, 207, vii, 425 ;
ix, 2 1
232
GENERAL INDEX
Brahmans (Gymnosophistse), 159
vi, 64
Palladius on, vi, 61
country of, vi, 143, 147
hear of Sikandar's coming
and write to him, vi,
143
Sikandar's interview with,
vi, 67, 143 seq.
described, vi, 144
reply to Sikandar's ques-
tions, vi, 144 seq.
Sikandar quits, vi, 147
Brahmanism supersedes Budd-
hism in eastern fran, i, 16
Brains, human, prescribed to
Zahhak by Iblis, i, 139,
146
Bramble-grubber, 164. See
Dilafruz.
Brand-mark, iii, 291
of Kaiis, iii, 291
Brazen Hold, the 1^6, v, 116,
117, 119 seq., 159. 197.
206, 255
route to, v, 120, 135
described, v, 121, 135, 141
Asfandiycir's stratagem for
taking, v, 116, 143
surprised from within by
Asfandiyar, v, 152 seq.
left in charge of Sawa, v,
154
Arj asp's head thrown from
the ramparts of, v, 157
Asfandiyar destroys, v, 162
referred to, viii, 171
Bride, the, one of the Kai Kaus'
treasures, iv, 295
given by Kai Khusrau to
Giv, Zal, and Rustam, iv,
293
Brides of the Treasure, Genii
that watch over secret
hoards, vi, 250
Bridge, Battle of the, ix, 5, 67
Browning, Robert, his poem of
" The Glove," vi, 384
Bucephala, city founded by
Alexander the Great, vi,
18
Bucephalus, horse of Alexander
the Great, vi, 18
birth of, vi, 26
a mare (Ethiopic version),
vi, 18
offered by Darius to Porus,
vi, 31
death of, vi, 18, 64
city built by Alexander in
memory of, vi, 18
Buddha, birth stories of, vii, 383
Buddhism, in eastern fran and
Kabulistan, i, 15
superseded by Brahman-
ism, i, 16
regarded as idolatrous by
Zoroastrians, i, 16
Buddhist saints, story of two, vi,
63
Budge, Dr. E. A. Walhs, his
editions of the Syriac
and Ethiopic versions of
the Pseudo-Callisthenes,
vi, 14, 17 note
Budini, race, vi, 73
Buiti, demon, assails Zarduhsht
i, 62 ; V, 17
Bukhara, city on the Zarafshan
river in the province of
Sughd, ii, 241 ; iv, 65 ;
vii, 331, 348, 359, 384 ;
ix, 97, 115, 117
Kurakhan sent to, iv, 134
Afrasiyab joins Kurakhan
at, iv, 186
Fire-temple built by Tiir at,
iv, 225
Bahram Giir attacks, vii, 90
receives tribute from, vii,
94
Bukhtakan. See Bakhtagan.
Bulghar (Bulgaria), viii, 406
Bull, mythological, i, 71 ; ii,
407 ; vii, 24.5
-fish, ii, 128
Bundahish, Pahlavi text, i, 91,
92, 117, 125, 131, 235,
236, 337 ^iote, 338, 369 ;
ii, 3 note, 11, 26. 81, 118,
189
meaning of, i, 70 note
GENERAL IXDEX
!33
Bu ulaliMi, account of Creation
in, i, 117
BurAb, court-farrier to Cajsar,
iv, 326
refuses to employ Gushtasp,
iv, 3^7
Buraza, minister under Yazda-
gird son of Shapur, vii, 4
Burial-place of Rustam's race,
the scene of the battle be-
tween Bahman and Far4-
marz, v, 287
Burjak and Burjatur, vi, 207.
See Youths, the two.
Burjasp, Turanian hero, iv, 26
commands the loft wing, iv,
26
Burns, quoted, viii, 3
Burrus, Praetorian prefect temp.
Nero, vii, 279
Burzmihr, Iranian warrior, vii,
86
bears Narsl's letter to Bah-
ram Gur, vii, 94
Burzmihr, scribe, viii, 81, 87, 313
= Buzurjmihr (?) q.v., viii,
71
Burzuyala, Turanian hero, iv,
182
fights and flees from Kai
Khusrau, iv, 183
Biisipas, nonce name used by
Human when parleying
with Rustam, iii, 198
Bust, city in Si'stan, situated at
the junction of the Kan-
dahar and Helmund
rivers, i, 252 ; iv, 65 ; v,
173. 277, 287; vi, 175;
vii. 173, 395 ; ix, 89
stream of, i, 252
Buzgu^h, name of tribe, ii, 55
and note, iii, 207
Buzurjnihr, thief counsellor of
Nushirwan in frdnian
tradition and famous for
his wisdom, lOy-ijo, i,
27 ; V, 261 ; vii, 5 ; viii,
3 seq., 67 seq.
associated with the I'ersian
Wiidom-litcraturc.vii, 278
liuzurjniihr, a semi-mythical
personage, vii 280
f<jund by Azdd Sarv at Marv,
vii, 283
undertakes to interpret
Nushirwan's dream vii,
goes with Az4d Sarv to
court, vii, 283
adventure of, with a snake,
vii, 284
interprets Nushirwan's
dream, vii, 284
rewarded and honoured by
Niishirwan, vii, 286, 289,
304, 311, 315, 388
accomplishments of, vii, 286
discourses of, at the Seven
Banquets of Niishirwan,
vii, 287 seq.
on fate and fortune, vii, 291
on the attainment of great-
ness, vii, 291, 296
on what is worthiest, vii,
291
on sages, vii, 288, 291, 292,
294, 296 seq., 309
on fools, vii, 297, 298, 306
on conduct, vii, 288, 291
seq., 299, 309
on kings, vii, 290, 294, 295,
301, 312
on the wise administrator,
vii, 294
on sons, vii, 295, 303, 311.
on riches and poverty, vii,
295
questioned by Ardshir and
Yazdagird, vii, 308
on scribes, i, 27 ; vii, 311
on loyalty, vii, 312
discourse of, vii, 366
questioned by Nushirwin,
vii, 367 seq.
expounds the game of chess,
vii, 380, 388
invents the game of nard,
vii, 381, 389
welcomed on his return from
Hind by Nushirwan, vii,
393
234
GENERAL INDEX
Buzurjinihr, goes liunting with,
and is suspected of theft
by, Nushirwan, viii, 4
disgraced by Nushiiwaii,
viii, 5
instructs Nushfrwiin's page,
viii, 5
refuses to admit himself in
the wrong, viii, 6 seq.
treated with increasing
rigour, viii, 7, 8
released, viii, g
divination by, viii, 10 seq.
advises with Nushirwan,
viii, 47 seq.
instructed by Nushirwan
to prove Hurmuzd, viii,
56 seq.
abolition of Fire-worship
foretold by, viii, 68
death of, viii, 69, 71
= Burzmihr (?), viii, 71
Mas'udi on, viii, 71
Byzantine title, vii, 218
CiESAR, the dynastic title of the
kings of the West or Rum
who were regarded as be-
ing descended from Salm,
the son of Faridun, 154,
161, 162, 165, i6y, i6g,
172-174, i, 262 ; ii, 383 ;
iii, 9; vi, 112, 297, 353 ;
vii, 163 ; viii, 8 seq., 19,
43 seq., 51 seq., 230, 232,
245, 252 seq., 257 seq.. 299,
306 seq., 334, 373 seq.,
408 seq. ; ix, lo, 23
transliteration of, i, 84 and
note
temp. Luhrasp, 154, iv, 339
seq. : V, II, 32, 167
daughter of = Katdyun, iv,
314 ; V, 167, 205
capital of, founded by Salm,
iv, 325
Cajsar, temp. T.uhrasp, Nastar,
master of the herds to, iv,
325
refuses to employ Gush-
tasp, iv, 326
Biirab, court-farrier to, iv,
326
refuses to employ Gush-
tasp, iv, 327
proposes to give his eldest
daughter in marriage, iv,
329
wrath of, at his daughter's
choice of Gushtasp, iv,
330
yields to bishop's counsel,
iv, 331
refuses to provide for his
daughter and Gushtasp,
iv, 331
bids Mirin slay the wolf of
Faskun, iv, 333
inspects the slain wolf, iv,
341
marries his second daugh-
ter to Mirin, iv, 341
bids Ahran slay the dragon
of Mount Sakila, iv, 342
third daughter of, iv, 342
seq.
married to Ahran, iv,
348
rejoices in his two sons in
law, iv, 348
proclaims the tidings of the
slaying of the wolf and
the dragon, iv, 349
sons-in-law of, display their
accomplishment on the
riding-ground, iv, 349
sees Gushtasp's prowess and
questions him, iv, 350
learns the truth about the
wolf and the dragon and
asks pardon of Gushtasp
and Kat4yun, iv, 351
wrath of, with Mirin and
Ahran, iv, 351
seeks to find out through
Kat^yun who Gushtdsp
is, iv, 351
GENERAL INDEX
235
Caesar, tciufy. Luhrasi>, receives
Gushtasp with honour at
court, iv, 352
Ilyas refuses to pay tribute
to iv. 352
receives a scornful message
from Mirin and Ahran, iv,
353
takes counsel with Gushtisp,
iv. 333
bids Gushtasp lead foiLh
the host, iv, 354
arrays the host, iv, 355
Gushtasp brings the dead
body of Ilyas to, iv, 355
welcomes Gushtasp after his
victory, iv, 356
consults Gushtasp about
demanding tribute from
fran, iv, 356
sends an envoy to Luhrdsp,
iv, 356
gives audience to Zarir, iv,
360
replies, to, and dismisses
Zarir, iv, 361
questions Gushtasp, iv, 361
sends Gushtasp to Zarir's
camp, iv, 361
goes to feast with Gush-
tasp and discovers who
he is, iv, 363
gives gifts to Katayun, iv,
363
the Iranian chiefs, iv, 364
parts in good will from
Gushtasp, iv, 364
sends embassy to Gushtasp
on hearing of Arjasp's de-
feat, V, 75
temp. Humai, sues to Rush-
nawad for peace, v, 307
= Failakus9.i'., vi, 24, 26, 27
= Sikandar q.v., vi, 40, 42, 49
113, 114, 118, 121, 122,
124, 128, 129, 142, 158,
161, 170, 174, 178, 183
= Valerian (Baz4nush q.v.),
vi, 32G
= Jovian (Bazdniish q.v.),
vi, 353. 354
Cicsar, tevip. Shdpur son of
Ardsliir, jOi
pays tribute, vi, 29S
temp. Shapur son of Urmuzd,
162. vi, 341 seq., 345
seq.
Shapur in disguise visits, vi,
336
entertained by, vi, 337
discovered by, vi, 337
arrested by, vi, 337
sewn up in an ass's skin
by, vi, 338
put in charge of wife of
vi, 33«'?
invades and ravages Iran,
vi, 338
Shapur prepares to attack,
vi, 346
overthrown by Shapur at
Taisafun, vi, 346 seq.
Shapur's treatment of, vi,
349. 357
mother of, vi, 351
brother of (Yanus q.v.), vi,
351
temp. Yazdagird son of Sha-
pur, vi, 389
pays tribute, vi, 3S9
temp. Bahram Giir, 165
embassage of, to BahrAm
Giir, vii, 5, 86, 100
marches on Iran, vii, 84
propounds questions to Bah-
ram Giir, vii, 102
envoy of, questioned by the
high pri(.-.st, vii, 104
temp. Nushirwan, i6j, 169,
iy2-ij4, vii, 244 seq., 269,
273
replies to Nushirwan con-
cerning Munzir, vii, 245
treasures of, taken by Nush-
irwan, vii, 255, 258
sues to Nushirwan for peace,
vii, 261
sends tribute to Nvish/rwin,
vii, 362
death of, viii, 43
temp. Nushirwan, Ilurmuzd,
and Khusrau I'aiwiz, J72
236
GFNERAL INDEX
Caesar, ioiip. Nushirwan, etc.,
offends Nushirwan, viii,
44 seq.
marches against Nushir-
wan, viii, 46
attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 93
retakes cities, viii, 93
makes peace with Hurmuzd,
viii, 95
welcomes Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 257
offers help to Khusrau Par-
wiz, viii, 261
cliangcs his mind, viii, 262
consults the astrologers, viii,
264
decides to help Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 265
offers daughter to Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 266
offers of, accepted by Khus-
rau Parwiz viii, 269, 270
talisman of, viii, 271, 275
deceives Riiman envoys,
viii, 272
mastered by Kharrad,
viii, 274
gifts of, to Kharrad, viii, 278
writes to Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 279
praises Ruman envoys, viii,
279
counsels Maryam, viii, 279,
280
gives Niyatiis cliarge of
Maryam, viii, 280
corpse of Kut sent to, viii,
291
Khusrau Parwiz announces
death of Bahram Chu-
bina to, viii, 345
daughter of, gives birth to
Shirwi, viii, 371
Khusrau Parwiz' letter to,
viii, 373
rejoicing of, at birth of
Shirwi, viii, 374
embassy of, to Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 374
gifts of, given by Khusrau
Parwiz to Sliirwi, viii, 381
Cicsar, tetnp. Nushirwan, etc.,
invited to seize fran, viii,
408
tricked by Khusrau Parwiz
and retreats, viii, 410
letter of, about the True
Cross referred to, ix, 22
Csesarean birth, of Rustam, i,
236, 32 T 5^17.
Calanus (Sphines), Indian as-
cetic, vi, 61
Onesicritus and, vi, 61
Alexander the Great and,
vi, 61
death of, vi, 61
derivation of, vi, 61
identical with the sage sent
by Kaid to Sikandar
{see Four Wonders), vi, 62
Calendar, Zoroastrian, i, 88 ; iii,
286
adopted by Darius Hystas-
pis, i, 59
Callinicus. See Kaliniyus.
Callisthenes, Greek historian
temp. Alexander the Great
vi, 12, 74
Romance of Alexander
fathered on, vi, 13
account of, vi, 13
Callitris quadrivalvis, the Arar
tree, vi, 19
Cambyses, father of Cyrus the
Great, ii, 190
identical with Siyawush in
legend, ii, 191
Cambyses, son of Cyrus the
Great and King of Persia
(B.C. 528-521), V, 10, II ;
vi, 16
Camel, piece in chess, vii, 422
position of, vii, 422
move of, vii, 422
Cancer, constellation, iii, 125,
151, 255 ; vii, 257
moon in, an evil omen, i, 1 88 ;
iii. 255 (?)
Candace (Kandakc, Kaidafa
q.v.), dynastic title of the
queens of Ethiopia, vi
13. 7^
(7/:\\7:/i'.//, /.\7)/;.V
237
Caiidace Alexander the Ciroat
and, vi, 65 5^17.
Candahar. See Kandahar.
Cannibalism, iii, mi, 244
Canopns, star, i, i>SS
of Yaman, i, 266 ; ii, 203 ;
iii, 297 ; vi, 382
Cappadocia (Pdlawina), vi, 294
Captives, mutilation of, vi, 323,
334. 34^5. 357
settlement of, vi, 327, 357
Carline and BahrAm Chubina,
viii, 1 89, 303
Carnclians, ii, 123
of Yaman, ii, 123
Carrhjc, defeat of Crassus at, i, 15
Carthagenians, the, vi, 30
Alexander the Great's
legendary visit to, vi, 30
Casaubon, Isaac, vi, 13
Caspian Sea, i, 3, 4, 16, 19, 56,
57, 338; ii, 189, 336;
iii, 10, 192 ; iv, 136 ; v,
13
Caspian Gates, iv, 315 ; vi, 31,
32
Cassander (B.C. 350-297), eldest
son of Antipatcr and
King of Macedonia, vi, 82
Castellan, bishop as. See Bishop.
Castes, division of Aryans into,
i. 7
Iranians into, i, 130, 132
Castle, White. 5d:e White Castle,
of the Alans. See Alans.
Bahman. See Bahman.
Obli\ion, vii, 184
Kubad son of Piriiz
confined in, vii, 184
escapes from, viii, 184
Catholicus, viii, 195
Catullus, Roman poet (B.C. 84-
54). i. (>o
on Persian next of kin
marriage, i, bo
Caucasus, mountain-range run-
ning in a soutix-easterly
direction from the Black
Sea to the Caspian, i, lO ;
iv, 316 ; vi, 15 ; vii, 214,
217 ; viii, 72
Caucasus, pa.sses in, i, 16 ; vi, 79
fortified, i, 16, vii, 153,
187, 216, 239
Mas'udi's account of,
vii, 215
barrier (mythical) of Alex-
ander the Great (Sikan-
dar) in, i, 16 ; vi, 78, 189,
249
legend of, in the Kuran,
vi, 78
site of, vi, 79
described, vi, 164
Cave, cavern, in Mazandaran, ii,
28
White Div's, ii, 28, 55, 58
seq.
Afrasiyab's, in A/arbaijan,
iv, 136 seq.. 259 seq.
Central clime. See Clime.
Chach (Shash, Old Tashkand,
now' in ruins), city on the
right bank of the Jax-
artes west of Ferghana,
famous for its bows, ii,
241, 258 ; iv, 19, 187, 188.
255 ; vii, 167, 329, 334.
340, 343. 348, 358, 359;
viii, 314,377 ; ix, 115. "6
bow of, i, 227 ; iii, 123, 181,
227 ; V, 244 ; vi, 384 ;
viii, 125, 126, 294
government of, given to Tus
by Rustam, ii, 358
thane of, one of Firdausi's
authorities, vi, 197, 210
referred to, vi, 229 and
note
daughter of governor of,
vii, 2S5
intrigue of, vii, 285
executed, vii, 286
battle-axes of, ix, 118
Chaghan, district on the right
bank of the Oxus where
that river is crossed from
Tirmid, and city further
north on the upper waters
of river of the same name,
iii, 152, 177, 228 ; vii, 94,
157. 359
^38
GENERAL INDEX
Chaghan, ceded by Kubad to
the Haitalians, vii, 198
monarch of = Faghanish, vii,
333
Chaghwan = Chaghan (?), vi, 174
Sikandar visits, vi, 174
quits, vi, 175
Chaha, hostelry of, i, 45
Chahar Makala, Persian treatise,
i. 23
account of Firdausi in, i, 38,
39, 45
Chahram (Jahram q.v.), city in
Pars
Chalah, viii, 193
Chalandshan. See Chanland-
shan.
Chalcedon, viii, 194, 195
Chalybon-Bcroea (Aleppo), city
in northern Syria, vii, 218;
viii, 41
held to ransom by Niishir-
wan, vii, 218
Champions, the Twelve, vii, 15O.
See Rukhs.
Chamrosh, mythical bird, i, 235
Chanlandshan ( K h a 1 a n j a n .
Khanlanjan), district and
town (Firuzan) near Ispa-
han on the Zayinda river
{see LEC. pp. 206, 207
and note), i, 29
Ahmad ibn Muhammad of,
patron of Firdausi, i, 29
Firdausi's escape from
drowning at, i, 26, 29
Chao-wou=Sawa q.v., viii, 72
Characters, chief, of Shahnama,
i. 49
Characteristics, of fran, i, 3 seq.
Characteristics of a Happy Man,
Pahlavl text, vii, 279
Charam, j^lace in Iran, iii, 40, 41,
52, 68. 85, 86, III, 112
Charbar, place on the coast of
]ialuchistan (Makran), vi,
70
Chares of Mytilene, Greek writer
and official at the court of
Alexander the Great ii
JO ; vi 61
Chare- of Mytilene, story by, of
Hystaspes and Zariadres
cjuoted, iv, 314
Charinda, river, iii, 10 note
Charjui (Amwi q.v.), city on the
Oxus, vii, 91 note
Charogos. SeeTainiish.
Chase, equipage for, vii, 48, 76 ;
viii, 384
Chess, game of, i6c), vi, 201 ;
vii, 14 and note, 280, 385
seq. ; viii, 371
Note on, vii, 380
sent by the Raja of Hind to
Niishirwan, vii, 5, 380,
384 seq.
expounded by Buzurjniihr,
vii, 380, 388
symbolism of, vii, 381
two forms of, vii, 38 1, 388,
422
changes in powers of pieces
in, vii, 381
Mas'udi on, vii, 382
invention of. Story of the,
i6g, vii, 394 seq.
Chess-board, vii, 14, 385, 388
Chess-men, vii, 14, 380, 388
Chevy Chase, ii, 82
Chigil (Naryn ?) district and
river, tributary of the
Jaxartes, iv, 135
monarch of, v, no
commands the left, v, no
= Arjasp, v, 54, 86
Turkman of, =Gurgsar, v,
139
Chihrzad (Humai), daughter and
wife of Shah Bahman, ii,
3 ; V, 290 and 7tote
meaning of, v, 290 and note
Chi'jast (Khanjast, Urumiah),
lake in Azarbaijan, iv,
136 note
Cliildren, sometimes brought up
un-named, i, 8, 179
Chin, country, China, but gen-
erally in the Shahnama
equivalent to Chinese
Tartary and sometimes
to Ti'ir^n, 160, 165, 173,
GENERAL IMJHX
^39
Chin, count! y, China — coul.
i, J07, 229. 230, 2G1, 267,
351. 371 : ii. 77. 82, III,
M3. 154. 156. 237, 277.
2S6, 287, 289, 297, 305,
307. 357. 359. i^i, 394 ;
iii, 4O, 49, 103, loO and
passim.
assigned by Faridun to Tiir,
i, 189
brocade of, i, 269, 233 and
passim
coasts of, vi, 1 73
cloth of gold from, ii, 275 ;
vi, 182, 334
dinars of, iv, 241
Faghfiir of. See Faghfur.
helm of, i, 132
images of, v, 35
implements of, vi, 122
Khan of. See Khan.
King of = Afrasiyab, ii, 99;
iv, 165, 170, 230
= Khan, iii, 227, 228;
vii, 87
= Arjasp, V, 36, 52, 55,
69, 86, 108
= Faghfur, vii, 131
lord of = Mahmud, iv, 142
= Sikandar, vi, 113
= Faghfur, vi, 171
mace of, iii, 129
ornaments of, ii, 232 ; vi,
102, 139
paper of, vi, 172
pen of, vi, 57, 99
prince of = Khan, iii, 226
= Afrasiyab, iv, 194
= Arjasp, V, 35
=Parmuda, viii, i,\z
= Sawa, viii, 222
rarities of, vi, 171, 173 ; vii,
49
robes of, iii, 329 ; viii, 205,
257
Rose of = daughter of the
Khan, vii, 363 and nole
sea of, i, 113, 140, 252, 349;
ii, 12, 256, 276, 285, 356,
357; iii, 151, 252; iv,
^37. 2^4 ; V, 109, 203,
149
Cliin, sea of — -conl.
■^:M. 239 note : vi
vii, 343 ; viii, 377
shield of, iii, 125, 140, 256 ;
ix, 118
Sikandar goes to, vi, 169
silk of, i, 157 ; iii, 104, 165 ;
V, 159, 295 ; vi, 85, 266 ;
vii, 73. 92, 347. 364. 418 ;
viii, 258, 269, 374
steel of, iii, 186
stuffs of, vi, 143, 215
ware of, vii, 78
sage of, viii, 235
sashes from, ix, 12, 53
gold thread of, ix, 82
merchantmen of, ix, 89
China, country, vi, 204
silk industry of, vi, 204
Chinab (Akesines), river in the
Punjab, vi, 31, 64
Chinese, viii, 72
language, vi, 147
Chingish, Turanian hero. I4'j. iii,
207
volunteers to avenge Kamiis,
iii, 194
challenges Rustam, iii, 194
slain by Rustam, iii, 195
Chi'nwi, noble of Chin, viii, 331
Chionitae, people, v, 13
geographical position of, v,
13
Chorene, Moses of. See Moses.
Chosrau, Chosroes I (Kisra),
Sasanian Sh4h, vii, 212,
281. See Nushirw4r^
Chosroes, king of Armenia, vi,
202
Christ, 174, vi, 339 ; vii,
249, 264, 270, 273,
ix, 24, 109
Faith of, vi, 133, 339
274 ; viii, 43, 191,
310, 380
account of, viii, 276
father of, viii, 276
mother of, viii, 276
Cross of, viii, 377, 3S0
23
laughter of, viii, 191, 380
207,
2 70 ;
; vii,
272,
IX,
240
GENERAL INDEX
Christian, Christians, 767, vi,
342 ; vii, 171, 254, 270 ;
viii, 21, 67, 195, 196, 256,
272, 308, 310, 381 ; ix, 23
rites of marriage, vi, 104
Faith, vi, 336
persecution of, vii, 153
Firdausi's view of, vii, 219
wife of Nushirwan, vii, 263,
274
mother of Niishzad, vii,
263
helps NiishzAd in his
revolt, vii, 266
laments for Niishzad,
vii, 276
support Niishzad, vii, 266,
shut gates of Karsan against
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 252
Christianity, vi, 138
polemics against, vii, 219,
270, 273
Chiibin (Jiibin), father, accord-
ing to Mas'iidi, of Bahram
Chiibina, viii, 77
Chubina, viii, 215, 222
meaning of, viii, 98 note
Cilicia (Kaidafa), most south-
easterly province of Asia
Minor, vi, 294
Circesium, viii, 188
City of Women, 160. See Hariim.
Claudius, Roman emperor (A.D.
41-54), iii, 10
Cleophis, Indian queen, vi, 65
Alexander the Great and,
vi, 65
Climate, of Iran, i, 4, 5
Mazandardn, ii, 27
Clime, Climes, the seven, i, 40,
71, 122, 123, 238 ; ii, 15
note, 372 ; iii, 290, 317 ;
vi, 179, 262, 266, 273, 280,
376, 377 ; viii, 39.5
Kai Khusrau surveys, in his
divining-cup, iii, 318
Central, i, 71, 122 ; ii, 27
Cloud, emblem of prosperity, i,
73, 113, 114 ; ii, 263 and
note ; iv, 141 ; vi, 96
Cloud, thunder-, as water-steal-
ing demon, i, 7
of bale = Afrasiyab, ii, 13
name given by Rustam to
himself, ii, 53
Clough, quoted, viii, 187
Cocks and hens, taught to crow
daybreak, i, 126
Colchians, people of the south-
eastern shores of the
Euxine, vi, 72
Colic, cure of, vii, 39
Commander of the Faithful, ix,
7-2
'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and
note
Commons, king of the, vii, 3
Communists (Mazdakites, q.v.),
vii, 185
Companions of the Prophet
(Muhammad), ijg
praise of, /jp, i, 106
Constantinople, vii, 316 ; viii,
194
conspirator against Nushir-
wan escapes to, vii, 316
Contents, General Table of, ix,
139
Cook, chief, of Nushirwan, griev-
ance of, viii, 18
Cordwainer. See Shoemaker.
Corn-land, taxes on, vii, 215
Corpse, 160
Cos, island in the ^gean sea, vi,
204
silk industry of, vi, 204
Cosmogony, ancient Iranian, i,
5. 71
Firdausi's, 102, iv, 136
Country of the Blest. Sec Blest.
Courses, the Seven, of Rustam,
143, ii, 29, 44 seq.
Crassus, the triumvir (B.C. 115-
53). i. 15
defeat of, at Carrh;r, i, 13
Creation, Zoroastrian account of,
i. 5. 117
Firdausi's account of, i, 102
seq.
Crete, island, south of Greece,
vi, T,ii note.
GENERAL INDEX
241
Crete, Minos king of, legend of,
vi, 323 note
Crocodile, iii, 278
= assassin, i, iii
= Kamus, iii, 192
Cross, the, 174. vi, 351, 352;
vii, 249, 270, 276 ; viii, 308,
309, 374
captured by D4rab, vi, 306
and 7wte
religion of, vi, 138
Passion of, vi, 339
the true, viii, 191, 196, 253,
377. 37S, 380 ; ix, 4, 5,
10, 24
restoration of, ix, 7, 56
of Christ, ix, 23
Elevation of, ix, 43
Crows and Owls, story of, viii,
263 and note
Crystal, House of, ix, 25 and note
Ctesias. See Ktesias.
Ctesiphon (Taisafiin q.v.), city on
the left bank of the Tigris
some 25 miles below Bagh-
dad, originally an exten-
sion of Seleucia on the
right bank of that river,
ii, 80; vi, 321, 322, 325,
372 ; viii, 42, 188, 189,
193. 194. 196 ; ix, 65 seq.
taken by Shahrbaraz, ix,
43. 44
Sa'ad, ix, 67
booty found at, ix, 68
Culture-heroes. See Gaiiimart,
Hushang, Tahmuras, and
Jamshid, i, 118 seq.
Cup, divining-, of Kai Khusrau,
iii, 317, 318, 323
inexhaustible, of Kaid, i$g,
vi, 94, 100, 109
poisoned, proffered to Ard-
shfr PapakAn, vi, 259
crj'stal, to detect poison (?),
vii, 51
Cybele, Greek goddess, vi, 71
= Hittite Ma, vi, 71
Cymbals, of the Brides of the
Treasure, vi, 250 ; vii, 35
and note
vol-. IX.
Cypress, of Kishmar. See Kish.
mar.
Cyrus the Great (B.C. 558-528),
son of Cambyses and
founder of the Persian
empire
legend of, in Herodotus
identical with that of Kai
Khusrau, ii, 9, 190
in Ctesias transferred to
Ardshir Papakan, vi,
195
rise of, i, 18
compared to that of Ard-
shir Papakan, vi, 194
historical parallel with Kai
Khusrau, v, 10
D
Dabistan, 17th century Persian
treatise, v, 28
Cypress of Ki.shmar, account
of, in, V, 28
Dad, franian warrior, vii, 86
Dadafrid, melody, viii, 398 and
note
Daevas. See Div.
Daghwi, desert in Turkistan, ii,
193; iv, 117
Dahaei.e.," foes "or" robbers,"
a name given by the Iran-
ians to the nomad tribes
dwelling east of the Casp-
ian and north of the
Atrak in the region now
occupied by the Yamut
Turkmans, i, 19 ; iii,
10
Dahaka (Azhi, Azi, Zahhak
q.v.), evil spirit, i, 7, 142,
172
Dahistcin, stead or home of the
Dahae q.v. and town
between Harat and Marv,
1, 280, 344 seq., 349, 363,
iv, 61, 72, 79, 148, 157 ;
ix, 95
Naudar beleaguered in, by
Afrasiyab, i, i^i
242
GENERAL INDEX
Dai, genius, i, 88, 89 ; iii, 287,
328
month or day, i, 88, 89 ; v,
43 ; vi, 306 ; viii, 173,
421 ; ix, 17
pa Mihr, day, i, 88 ; v,
16
Dai Marj, place where Bahram
Giir is said to have been
drowned, vii, 6
Daitya, river, v, 13
Daizan (Tair q.v.), vi, 322
legend of, vi, 322
daughter of, legend of, vi,
Dakhma, " Tower of Silence," i,
81 and note
Dakiki, Persian poet, ijg, 154,
155. ii. 3 'tiote, 8 ; v,
10, 13; vi, 196; viii,
190
account of, i, 28, 67, 69,
log ; V, 20
Firdausi and, v, 21 seq.,
30, 87, 88
work of, compared with the
Yatkar-i-Zarirdn, v, 24
seq.
Damaghan, city on the road from
Tihran to Nishapur and
the capital of the province
of Kumis, ii, 15 ; iv, 255 ;
viii, 109, i8g
Daman-i-Kuh, the northern
"mountain-skirt" of mod-
ern Persia, iii, 15
Damascus, chief city in Syria,
vi, 195
Nicolaus of, Greek his-
torian, temp. Augustus,
vi, 195
Damdwand, volcano nearly
20,000 feet high and the
culminating peak of the
mountain-range south of
the Caspian, i, 143, 144,
148 ; vi, 202 ; viii, 391
Zahhdk fettered on, i, 169,
173
Arish's arrow-shot from, v,
iz
Dambar, city in Kabulistan (? )
which was regarded as
Indian, i, 252, 256 ; iv,
278, 283, 284 ; vii, 396,
399. 421
Damdad, Nask, i, 70 note
1 Damur, Turanian hero, ii, 296,
319 ; iv, 156
overthrown by Siyawush,
ii, 295
advocates execution of Siya-
wush, ii, 317
Danbar. See Dambar.
Dandamis. See Mandancs.
Dang, coin, ix, 94 and note
Danishwar, the dihkan, sup-
posed compiler of the
Bastan-nama, temp. Yaz-
dagird III, i, 67, 68
Danube, river, v, 1 1
Darius' expedition to, v, 1 1 .
Dara, son of Darab, Shah (Darius
Codomanus q.v.) 158, i,
42 ; ii, 3, 9 ; v, 281 ; vi,
83 seq., 112, 113, 123,
124, 132, 137, 170, 172,
188, 325, 353 ; viii, 220,
242, 387
first historic Shah in the
Shahnama, i, 49
origin of name, v, 297 note
legendary son of Darab, vi,
17, 27
appointed by Darab to
succeed him, vi, 27
Reign of, 15S, vi, 29 seq.
Note on, vi, 29 seq.
historical account of, vi, 29
movements of, after his
final defeat by Alex-
ander (Sikandar), vi, 31
Sikandar's correspondence
with the wife and daugh-
ter of, vi, 33
accession of, vi, 34
letter of, to the kings, vi,
34
pays his troops, vi, 35
ambassadors come to, vi, 35
demands tribute froni
Sikandar, \i, 50
GENERAL INDEX
243
Dari, marches against Sikandar,
vi. 37
Sikandar 's visit to the camp
of, vi, 38
invites Sikandar to a ban-
quet, vi, 40
ambassador of, recognises
Sikandar, vi, 40
sends horsemen in pursuit
of Sikandar vi, 41
defeated by Sikandar, vi, 43
collects another army, vi,
43
defeat of vi, 44
goes to Chahram vi, 44
Istakhr vi, 44
takes counsel with his chiefs
vi, 45
collects a new host vi, 46
marches from Istakhr, vi, 46
defeat of, vi, 46
withdraws to Kirman, vi,
46
bewails himself, vi, 47
letter of, to Sikandar, vi, 49
Fur, vi, 50
marches against Sikandar,
vi, 51
abandoned by his troops
and flees, vi, 51
murdered by his ministers,
vi, 52
murderers of, arrested by
Sikandar, vi, 53
dying interview of, with
Sikandar, vi, 53
vengeance promised to, by
Sikandar, vi, 53
tells his last wishes to
Sikandar, vi, 54
bestows Rushanak upon
Sikandar, vi, 55, 86
dies, vi, 55
burial of, vi, 56
Seisin, son of, vi, 211
kindred of, support Ard-
shi'r Papakdn, vi, 223
Dara (l)aras), city, viii, 41, 194
taken by Niishirwan, viii, 41
ceded by Khusrau I'arwiz,
viii, 188
D4rA Pandh, viii, 189, 284
goes disguised to Khusrau
Parwiz' camp, viii, 2S6
betrays Bahram Chubina,
viii, 286
returns to Bahram Chubina,
with forged letter, viii, 287
T>krkh, Shah, son of Bah man
and Humii, 158, i, 42 ;
ii, 3. 9 ; V, 281, 292, 297
seq. ; vi, 11, 34 and 7iote,
49. 83, 84, 86, 132, 137,
172, 188 ; vii, 215 ; viii,
191
foundling legend of, ii, 11;
V, 293 seq.
Tabarf's version of, v,
297 note
birth of, V, 294
referred to, v, 294 seq.
exposed on the Farat, v,
295
found and adopted by a
launderer, v, 296 seq.
royal birth of, asserts itself,
V, 298
youthful escapades of, v, 298
brought up as a cavalier, v,
299
feels lack of natural affec-
tion for the launderer, v,
300
hears of his case from the
launderer's wife, v, 300
enlists, v, 301
seen by Ifuniai, v, 302
and the adventure of the
ruined vault, v, 303
receives gifts from Rashna-
wad, V, 304
questioned by Rashnawid,
V, 304
prowess of, against the
Riimans, v, 305, 306
praised and rewarded by
Rashnawcid, v, 305, 306
captures the Cross, v, 306
and )wte
takes of the spoil one spear,
V, 307
returns to Iran, v, 307
244
GENERAL INDEX
Darab, Rashnawad hears from
the launderer and his wife
of the case of, v, 308
Rashnawad writes to Hnmai
about, V, 308
recognised by Humai as
being her son, v, 308
appears with Rashnawad
Isefore Humai, v, 309 seq.
crowned by Humai and
accepts her excuses, v, 310
Humai proclaims the ac-
cession of, V, 311
visited by, and rewards, the
launderer and his wife,
V, 311, 31-2
Reign of, 158, vi, 11 seq.
Note on, vi, 11 seq.
father of Sikandar in Per-
sian legend, vi, 16
legendary father of Dara, vi,
17
liarangues the chief-;, vi, 20
ambassadors come to, vi, 21
employs Ruman artificers,
vi, 21
wars with the Arabs, vi, 21
defeats and demands tribute
from Arabs, vi, 22
wars with Rum, vi, 22
defeats Failakus, vi, 23
grants terms of peace to
Failakus, vi. 24
marries the daughter of
Failakus, vi, 25
returns to Pars, vi, 25
becomes disaffected towards
his wife (Nahid), vi, 25
marries again, vi, 27
Dara is born to him, vi, 27
fails in health, vi, 27
appoints Dard to succeed
him, vi, 27
dies, vi, 28
Ddrab, Darabgird, city in Pars,
756', vi, 17, 198, 199;
viii, 313
Darband, town and pass be-
tween the Caucasus q.v.,
and the Casj^ian, ii, 336 ;
viii, 369 nole
Darband, Pass of, described,
i, 16
fortification of, i, 16, 17
and note, vii, 213, 239
Mas'iidi's accounts of,
vii, 215
Dari, vii, 430 and note
Dariel, Pass of, in the Caucasus,
vi, 79
Darius, Hystaspis, Shah, i, 9, 65 ;
V, 10 ; viii, 187
trilingual inscription of, at
Bihistiin, i, 6
Zoroastrian calendar adopt-
ed by, i, 59
reign of, and Gusht^sp's
compared, v, 11
conversion of, v, 1 1
Darius, Codomanus (Dara q.v.)
Shah, i, 49 ; vi, 16, 17, 29
defeated at Issus, vi, 30
Alexander escapes from the
banquet of, vi, 30
defeated at Gaugamela, vi,
31
asks that his family may be
restored to him, vi, 31
writes to Porus, vi, 31
historical account of the
death of, vi, 31
daughter of, marries Alex-
ander, vi, 33
corpse of, sent to Pars, vi,
33
assassins of, punished, vi, 33
Dareja, river in Azarbaijan, v,
14
Darkness, Land of. See Gloom.
House of, ix, 7 ;
Darmdn, viii, 202
Darmesteter, Professor, un I'ir-
dausi's geography, ii, 7<),
80
on Afrdsiy^b's capture by
Hum, iv, 136
Story of the Worm, vi, 203
Haftvvad, vi, 206
Darun, Zoroastrian religious rite,
V, 19
Daryai Riid, river in Azarbdijan,
V, 14
GENERAL INDEX
\5
Dastaginl, city, viii, 103, 196 ;
ix, 7
taken by Heraclius, \iii, Kq
Dashma, franian hero, iv, 148
Dastan (Zal </.?'.), i, 84, 248, 264
Daslan-i-Sain (ZAl q.v.), i, 84
D4stan-i-Zand (Zal q.v.), i, 245
and }iole, 248
Date-palm, i, 4
taxes on, vii, 215, 225
Daughter of Kaid. See Kaid,
Four Wonders of.
Daulat Shah, author of " Lives
of the Poets," i, 24
Death, early, I'lrdausi's justifi-
cation of, ii, 119
Dead Sea, viii, 192
Deinon. See Dinon.
Deipnosophistce, of Athcnaeus, ii,
ID
quoted, iv, 314
Derketo, goddess, v, 292
legend of, v, 292
Destiny, Muhammadan and Zor-
oastrian conceptions of, i,
52
Dewasarm, king of Hind, vii, 381
sends the game of chess to
Niishirwan, vii, 380
Dharma, Indian god of righteous-
ness, iv, 138
follows in the form of a dog
the Pandavas in their pil-
grimage, iv, 139
Dhoulkarnain. See Zu-'l-kar-
nain.
Dhu K4r, battle of, viii, 188, ix,
4. 5. 66
historical account of, viii,
190
date of, viii, 191
Diagram to illustrate reign of
Gushtasp, V, 27
Persian Romance of Alex-
ander the Great, vi, 84
Diba-i-Khusraui, treasure, viii,
406 and note
Dice, vii, 381
used in the game of nard,
vii, 3''^ I. 389
symbolism of, vii, 381, 382
Dihkdn, Persian generic title, i,
56, 81
Fiiith of, vi, 95
Dijla (Arwand, Tigris q.v.), river,
i, 100
Faridi'in's crossing of, i, 160
Dilafn'iz, franian hero, iv, 147
Dilafri'iz, a bramble-grubber,
Bahram Gur and, vii, 70
seq.
Dilafruz-i-Farruk!ipai, franian
slave-girl, 162, vi, 3
slave to Caesar's wife, vi,
338
pities Sha])nr, vi, 339
discovers who Shapiir is, vi,
339
frees Shapiir from the ass's
skin, vi, 340
escapes with Shapur from
Rum, vi, 340 seq.
entertained by a gardener,
vi, 34^
praised by Shapur, vi, 346
named and honoured by
Shapur, vi, 356
meaning of, vi, 356 note
Dilam, Dilaman, district on the
Caspian now represented
by Talish and part of
Gilan, vi, 202, 227 ; vii,
243. 244, 362
Dilamids (Buyids), dynasty rul-
ing in south-western fran
in the loth century A.D.,
i, 14. 21, 45
Dilamite, 'AH the, friend and
helper of Firdausi, i, 35 ;
ix, 121
Dihinjam, Caesar's (temp. Luh-
rasp) second daughter, iv,
333
asked in marriage by Mirin,
iv, 333
married to Mi'ri'n, iv, 341
Dilarai, wife to Dara and mother
of Rushanak, 15S, J59, vi,
87 seq.
visited by Nahi'd, vi, 89
Dimna, Kalila and, i6r). See
Fables of Bidpai.
>46
GENERAL INDEX
Dina-i Mainog-i lsh\ra.d, Pahlavi
text, ii, 189
quoted, vii, 279
Dinar, gold coin, i, 81, 231, 363
and passim
Dinawari, Arabic historian
(ninth century), vi, 16,
64, 80, 81, 256, 323 ; vii,
6, 156, 186, 214
Dinkard, Pahlavi text, i, 70 note,
373 ; ii, 26, 8t ; vi.
252
Diodorus, Greek historian, temp.
Julius Caesar and Augus-
tus, V, 293
Bibliotheca of, v, 293
Diognetus, Greek writer, temp.
Alexander the Great, vi,
12
Dionysus, Greek god, vi, 71
temple of, visited by Si-
kandar, vi, 71
Diram. See Drachm.
Dirazdast (Longimanus), title,
v, 281 ; vi, 324 and note
Div, di'vs (Daevas), demons or
" foreign devils," 140, 143,
150, i, 42, 82, 130, 131,
134, 148, 227, 290; h,
27. 33. 34. 38. 41 seq., 57
seq., 68, 73, loi, 102,
144 ; iii, 70, 74, 200, 232,
244, 255, 257 seq., 261,
268, 273 seq., 320, 330 ,
iv, 86, 87, 177, 288, 295 ,
v, 32, 58, 66, 71, 108, 174;
201, 202, 213, 220, 230;
245 ; vi, 135, 146, 150,
241 ; vii, 115, 154, 174,
368 seq. ; viii, 159, 161,
206, 209, 211, 217, 218,
290, 341. 342, 399 and
note, 418 ; ix, 18, 25
rebel against Tahmiiras, i,
127
overthrown by Tahmiiras, i,
127
teach Tahmiiras the art of
writing, i, 127
build edifices for Jamshid, i,
133
Div, divs, carry Jamshid on his
throne up to the sky, i, 1 33
title of honour, ii, 29
song of a, ii, 31
Arjasp informed by a, of
Gushtasp's resolve not to
pay tribute, v, 36
Mazdak's five, vii, 205
Biizurjinihr's ten, vii, 368
Akwan. See Akwan.
= Ahriman, 7J9, i, 82, 126,
156, 195, 260 ; ii, 46, 324,
342. 370. 386, 400 ; iii,
189, 293. 333 ; iv, 63, 84,
201, 206, 278, 282, 286,
289 seq., 301, 322, 341 ;
v, 35, 81, 180, 188, 189,
194 seq., 218, 228, 242 ;
vi, 349 ; vii, 93, 107, 109,
117, 143. 154, 206, 227,
268, 289, 303, 304, 323,
332, 368 seq., 376, 390 ;
viii, 27, 50, 87, 123, 215,
222, 304, 341, 346, 411 .
ix, 47, 102, 104
= Bahram Chiibina, viii,
153. 219, 293. 298
— witch, viii, 161
= Zahhak, viii, 242
= Kuliin, viii, 342
Binder of the=Tahmuras,
i, 42, 125, 126, 214
= Gudarz, iv, 35
= Rustam, iii, 253, 262
Black, son of Ahriman, /jp,
i, 82, 117 ; ii, 53 ; v, 199 ;
viii, 171
White, 143, i, 82 ; ii, 27, 39
seq., 43. 44. 54. 55- 58 seq.,
66, 93, 163, 373 ; iii, 143,
256, 314 ; iv, 136, 296 ;
v, 117, 176, 203, 207, 234
defeats Kaiis, ii, 40
blood of, cures blindness,
ii, 58. 62
slain by Rustam, ii, 60
Divining-cup. See Cup.
Dneiper (Borysthenes), river in
southern European Rus-
sia, flowing into the Black
Sea, iii, 191
cnNERir. ixnnx
217
Don (Tanais), river in soutlicrn
Juiropcan Russia, (lowing
into tlie Sea of Azov, iv,
315 note, 316
Doiti, The Mot-all Philosophie of,
vii, 3^3
Drachm (diram), silver coin, i,
81
Dragon, 143. 154, 156, 160, 164,
165, i, 42, 123 ; vi, 132,
146
Faridi'in takes the form of,
i, 1S6
of the Kashaf, i, 235
Sdm and the, i, 296 seq.,
V, 202
slain by Rustam and
Rakhsh, ii, 48 seq.
of Mount Sakila, iv, 342 seq.
Gushtasp and, iv, 343 seq.
teeth of, produced by
Hishwi to Caesar, iv, 351
referred to, iv, 358
Sikandar's adventure with,
vi, 71. 151
slain by Bahram Gur, vii,
42, 123 seq.
described, i, 123, 296 ; iv,
345 ; v, 202 . vi, 151 ;
vii, 43, 123
Dragon = Afrisiyab, iii, 22, 46,
211, 219, 222. 248, 319,
343 ; iv, 270
= Ahriman, i, 195 ; iii, 330
= Ardawan, vi, 222
= Fur, vi, 113
= Giv, iii, 58
= Human, iv, 43, 52
= Palashan, iii, 26
= Puladwand, iii, 264
= Rakhsh's dam, i, 379
= Rakhsh, i, 380
= Rustam, iii, 222
= Zahhak, i, 155, 158, 161,
163, 168, 169, 275, 288,
292
Dragon's child =Rudaba, i, 304
Drangiana (Sfstan), province in
eastern fran, i, 4 ; vi, 32
Dream, dreams, veridical, i, 51
Firdausi on, vii, 281
Drea 11, Abul K4sim of Gurgan's,
iii, 190
Afrasiyab's, ii, 232 seq.
referred to, ii, 243, 297 ;
iv, I 70, 267
Firdausi's, of Mahmud, i, 1 1 2
Daki'ki, v, 23, 30
Gudarz's, ii, 363, 404
Gushtasp's, v, 19
Raid's, V, 62, gi
Ratayiin's, iv, 316, 329, 330
Niishirwan's, vii, 282 seq. ;
ix, 92
Odatis', iv, 315
Papak's, vi, 200, 212
Piran's, ii, 325
Sam's, i, 243, 244
Siyawush's, ii, 309
Tiis', iii, 149
Zariadres', iv, 315
Draupadi, joint wife of the five
Pandavas, iv, 138 and
note, 139
Drought and famine in Iran, i,
3. 5. 370. 371 ; li. 363 ;
vii, 159, 162
Piriiz's measures to allev-
iate, vii, 159, 162
breaking up of, described,
vii, 163
Mazdak's parable concern-
ing, vii, 201
Drvaspa, genius of cattle, iv, 137
Dualism, i, 5, 49, 50, 52, 56, 58
taught by Urmuzd to Zar-
duhsht, v, 16
Dughdhova, v, 14, 15
account of, v, 14
Duk, plain, yiii, 282, 284
mountain, viii, 289
Dukhtniish. See Niisha.
Dunbar. See Dambar.
Duncker, Professor, ii, 9
on date of Zandavasta, ii, 9
Durdsrobo, a Karap q.v., v, 15
Dust, prevalence of, in Iran, i, 3
as a metaphor, i, 73 and
passim
Dynasty, dynasties, Iranian, i, 49
Pishdadian q.v.
Kaianian q.v.
248
GENERAL INDEX
Dynasty, Ashkanian q.v.
Sasanian q.v.
Eclipse of sun, total, temp.
Piriiz, vii, 159
Edessa, S. James of, i, 374
Eggs, golden, as tribute, vi, 24,
36, 160, 169
Egypt (Misr, q.v.), ii, 80 ; vi, 12,
16, 17, 72, 81, 82 ; viii,
187, 193
Pseudo-Callisthenes written
in, vi. 13
invaded by Alexander the
Great, vi, 30
Egyptian Egyptians, vi, 16 ;
viii, 193 ; ix, no
falsification of history by,
vi, 16
thorn, viii, 210
linen, ix, no
Ekbatana (Hamadan), the capi-
tal of Media, i, 17 ; ii,
191 ; vi, 31, 32
capital of the Manda, q.v.,
i. 17
Elam (Susiana, Khuzistan),
ancient kingdom and Per-
sian province at the head
of the Persian Gulf, i, 9 ;
vi, 194, 198
Elburz. See Alburz.
Elements, the four, i, 102, 286
Elephant, elephants, i, 112 and
passim
towers on, iv, 179
Fur's, vi, 115, 116
Sikandar's device to over-
come, vi, 115, 116
= Rustam, iii, 221, 253
= Rakhsh, iii, 257
= Fur, vi, 117
piece in chess, vii, 285,
423
position of, vii, 388, 422
move of, vii, 422
White, ZAl's, 141. i, 328
referred to, i, 377
Elephantine, the = Rustam, ii,
6.5, 67
Eleven Rukhs, Battle of the, iv,
88
arranged by Giidarz and
Pi'ran, iv, 95 seq.
Firdausi's reflections on, iv,
7, 98, 106
Ellipi, kingdom of, i, 9, 17
Elixir, 144, ii, 177, 178
Elymais (Elam, q.v.), kingdom,
vi, 198
Endless peace, the, vii, 217
Enotokoitai, the. vi, 80
Epirus, ancient kingdom in
northern Greece, vi. 12
Alexander I of, vi, 12
his expedition to Italy,
vi, 12
Equinox, autumnal, iv, 313
Erinde, river, iii, 10 and note, 11
Esdras (Ezra), Jewish priest and
scribe, supposed by the
Muhammadans to have
restored from memory the
law lost during the cap-
tivity, vii, 207, 264
Ether, viii, 275
Ethics, Muhammadan, respected,
viii, 74
Ethiop, Ethiopian, Ethiopic, i,
44 ; iii, 226 ; vi, 43, 71,
80
= Indian, vi, 13, 68
western and eastern, vi, 13,
68, 71
version of the Pseudo-Callis-
thcncs, q.v., vi, 17 and
note. iS, 30, 33, 66, 67,
71, 74, 82, 83
Ethiopia, vi, 72
flight of Ncctanebus to, vi,
18 note
western and eastern, vi, 68
= India, vi, 68
Eumenes, Greek ephemcrist,
temp. Alexander the
Great, vi, 12
Euphrates (Farat, q.v.), river, ii,
80 ; V, 292 ; vi, 31. 327 ;
vii, 217 ; viii, 188, 190
GENERAL INDEX
2-!9
Euxinc, sea, i, i6 ; ii, 191, 336;
vi, 72
Eye, metaphor for child, i, 17S,
I So, 181, 1S5, 194 ; ii,
297, 3-!S ; V, 272 ; vii,
276, 356
evil, ii, -204, 252 ; iii, 141,
157. 337 ; iv, 144, 282 ;
V, 194. 245, 2.51, 290 ;
vi, 266, 402 ; vii, 78, 81,
172 ; viii, 16, 417
turns milk to bane, vii, 320
seq., 324, 325
Fables of Bidpai (Book of
KaHla and Dimna), vii,
213, 427 seq. ; viii, 202
note, 390
introduction of, into Persia,
vii, 213
translation of, vii, 382, 3S3
Firdausi's account of, vii,
430
vogue of, vii, 383
origin of, vii, 383
Niishirwan's acquisition of,
vii, 423 seq.
Faghanish, temp. Piruz, kin<^ of
the Haitalians, 16S, vii,
157
helps Piriiz for a considera-
tion, vii, 157
temp. Niishirwan, 168
made king instead of
Ghatkar, vii, 333
Niishirwan takes counsel
about, vii, 333
descent of, from Bahram
Giir. vii, 334
Niishirwan writes to, vii,
337
makes submission to Niish-
irwan, vii, 360
Faghfiir, dynastic title of the
rulers of Chin and IMachin,
152. 153. 160, i, 262 ;
ii, 383 ; iv. II, 135. 196,
238 seq. ; v, 221 ; vi, 35,
Faghfiir — cout.
80, 113, 169 seq., 325 ;
vii, 340. 343. 40'"^ : viii,
74 ; ix, 87, 97, 102
temp. Kai Khusrau, helps
Afrdsiyab, iv, 219
Khan and, sue to Kai
Khusrau for peace, iv,
229
orders Afrasiydb to quit
Khutan and Chin, iv,
230
grants facilities to Kai
Khusrau for his march
through Chin, iv, 239
Khan of Chin and, welcome
Kai Khusrau, iv, 240
confirmed in the posses-
sion of Chin and
Machin, iv, 252
temp. Sikandar, ambassa-
dors from, come to Dara,
vi, 35
Sikandar visits as his own
ambassador, vi, 170
gives audience to Sikandar,
vi, 170
entertains Sikandar, vi, 171
answers Sikandar, vi, 172
gifts of, to Sikandar, vi,
173
sends envoy with Sikandar,
vi, 173
temp. Bahram Giir, 765
daughter of, the wife of
Shangul, vii, 115
hears of Bahram Giir's ex-
ploits in Hind, vii, 129
invites Bahram Giir to visit
him, vii, 129
Bahram Giir's reply to, vii,
130
temp. Niishirwan, viii, 97
Faghfiir, son of Sawa, viii, 74,
75. 120
confused with Faghfiir of
Chin, viii, 74
parley of, with Bahram
Chiibina, viii, 1 1 2
head of, on spear, viii,
132
250
GENERAL INDEX
Failakiis (Philip II of Macedon),
grandfather in Iranian
legend of Sikandar (Alex-
ander the Great), 158, vi,
57, 102, 112, 125. 130, 131,
151, 182 ; vii, 215 ; viii,
387
wars with Darab, vi, 22
allied with the king of Rus,
vi, 22
inarches from 'Amniuriya to
encounter Darab, vi, 23
defeated and returns to
'Ammuriya, vi, 23
sues for peace, vi, 23
agrees to send tribute, and
give his daughter in
niarriage, to Darab, i$8,
vi, 24, 25
adopts Sikandar as his heir,
vi, 27
Faith, Faiths, the four, vi, 92,
95
of Christ, Christian, vi, 133,
352, 356
of Ahriman, ii, 358 ; vi,
281, 290
Faithful, Commander of the, ix,
72
'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and
note
Fakirs, the, vi, 61
Alexander the Great and,
vi, 61
Onesicritus and, vi, 61
Fakka', a kind of drink, i, 43
note
Falatun (Plato), vii, 100 ; viii,
264
Falconry, ii, 108, 196; vi, 176;
vii, 42, 48 seq., 54, 55, 76
and note
origin of, i, 126
Famine, See Drought.
Farab (Fariyab ? q.v.), iv, 185
Farab (Firabr), desert and town
on the right bank of the
Oxus opposite to Amwi,
q.v., vii, 91, 92
desert of, ix, 115, 118
Fara'in, Iranian chief, vii, 207
Faramarz, son of Rustam, 146'
157. ii. 4. 319. 341 seq.'
349, 351. 354 ; iii. 18, 30-
35, 36, 202, 323, 325, 326'
328 ; iv, 14 ; v, 173, 174,
182, 183, 198, 231, 260,
261, 272, 274, 281, 283,
284
parentage of, iii, 323
appointed to expel the
Turkmans from Zabulis-
tan, iii, 31
referred to, v, 184
Zawara and, sent by Rustam
to bid Zal and Riidaba
prepare to receive Asfan-
diyar, v, 190
slays Mihr-i-Nush, v, 227
goes to Rustam and Asfan-
diyar, v, 247
marches against Kabul, v,
274, 276
takes the corpses of Rustam,
Zawara, and Rakhsh from
the pits, and conveys
them to Zabul for burial,
V, 274 seq.
fights with the king of
Kabul and puts him
and his kin to death, v,
276, 277
makes a Zabuli king of
Kabul, V, 277
returns to Zabul, v, 277
hears of Bahman's invasion
and marches against him,
V, 287
defeated and put to death,
V, 288
Faranak, wife of Abtin and
mother of Faridun, i, 90,
145. 157
Faridun brought up by, on
Birmaya's milk, i, 151
taken by, to Mount
Alburz, i, 152
told by, about his origin.
i. ^5Z
prays for Faridiin's safety,
i. 158
GENERAL INDEX
251
r"ar4nak, rejoices over Faiidun's
success, i, 175
gifts of, to Faiidi'iii, i, 176
Faranak, daughter of liarzin,
vii, 53
married to Bahrain Gi'ir,
vii, 53
Farnngis, daughter of Afrasiyab,
wife of Siyawush, and
mother of Kai Khusrau,
1^5, 1^6, 148, ii, 270 seq.,
2S8 seq., 299, 306, 373,
381, 386 5^^. ; iii, 96, 117,
203, 211
Mandane and, identical in
legend, ii, 191
Siyawush marries, ii, 270
Afrasiydb summons, to
court, ii, 300 seq.
Siyawush confides in, ii, 307
seq.
Afrasiyab appealed to by,
ii, 317 seq.
imprisoned, ii, 320
sentenced, ii, 322
Pfran saves and takes charge
of, ii, 324 seq.
Kai Khusrau born of, ii, 326
dwe'ls at Siyawushgird, ii,
333
instructs Kai Khusrau how
to find Bihzad, ii, 374
gives Giv the mail of
Siyawush, ii, 376
crosses the Jihi'in, ii, 392
provided for by Kai Kaiis,
ii, 399
Fariburz marries, iii, 14S
referred to, iii, 146 seq., 202 ;
iv, 205, 213, 216
death of referred to, iv, 304
Farat (Euphrates), river, 158,
V, 294, 309 ; vi, 37, 42,
43, 290 ; viii, 93, 250
DArAb cast away upon, v,
295
FarAyi'n (Guriz, Shahrbariz^.z;.),
Shah, lys, ix, 50, 53, 105
accession-speech of, ix, 52
counselled by his eldest son,
ix, 52
Farayin, counselled by his
youngest son, ix, ^i
misrule of, ix, 33
plot against, ix, 54
Farfuriyus (I'orphyrogenitus ?),
Ki'iman general, i6y, vii,
218
defeated by Niishirwan, vii,
256
makes report to Caesar, vii,
260
Farghan, Riiman architect, and
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 401
seq.
Farghana, region south of the
Jaxartes, east of Sughd,
iii, log
Farghar, Turanian hero, iii, 250
goes to spy on Rustam, iii,
250
reports to Afrasiyab, iii, 253
Farhad, Iranian hero, ii, 73, 85,
138 316, 338, 340 ; iii, II.
20, 25, 34, 45, 48, 127,
268, 289, 313, 327, 331,
352 ; iv, 13, 15, 21, 25,
42, 147, 292
Parthian origin of, iii, 1 1
goes as envoy to the king of
Mazandaran, ii, 63
takes part in the Fight of
the Seven Warriors, ii,
III
steed of, iii, 313
goes with Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
left in command bv Giv,
iv, 83
put in command of the left
wing, iv, Qi
left at Gang-bihisht, iv, 219
Farhcid, Iranian general, temp.
Niishirwan, vii, 251
commands left wing, vii, 251
Farhad, lover of Shirin, viii, 192
Fariburz, son of Kai Kaus, 148,
151, ii, 3, 62, 199, 316,
335. 336, 340. 358, 405
seq., 409; iv, 14, 24, 32,
45, 50. 145 seq., 164, 166,
167, 174, 177, 182, 187,
252
GENERAL INDEX
Fariburz — cont.
211, 213, 215, 238, 239,
253, 258, 268, 289, 331 ;
iv, 13, 34. 37. 91
encampment of, described,
ii. 155
claims of, to the throne sup-
ported by Tus, ii, 401,
iii, 13
recognises Kai Khusrau as
Shah, ii, 410
Kai Khusrau 's letter to,
iii, 84
reads to the chiefs Kai
Khusrau's letter, and
supersedes Tus, iii, 86
sends Ruhham to Piran, iii,
87
obtains an armistice and
prepares to renew the
campaign, iii, 89
fights and is defeated, iii, 90
returns to Iran, iii, iii
asks Rustam to support his
suit to Farangis, iii, 146
marries Farangis, iii, 148
leads the van of Rustam's
expedition to succour Tus,
iii, 148
meets Giidarz, iii, 163
joins forces with Tus, iii,
169
goes to Kai Khusrau with
tidings of victory, iii, 236
seq.
returns to the host, iii, 241,
243
commands the right wing,
iv, 24
superseded pro tern, by
Katmara, iv, 92
chosen to fight with Kulbad,
iv, 97
slays KulbM, iv, 99
commands with TukhAr the
troops from Khawar, iv,
148
slays Fartus, iv, 181
commands the right, iv, 191
takes part in the siege of
Gang-bihisht, iv, 199
Fariburz, Kai Khusrau remon-
strated with by, and
other nobles for refusing
audience, iv, 275
Kai Khusrau's gift to, iv,
295
sets out with Kai Khusrau
on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
refuses to turn back when
bidden by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 307
Kai Khusrau farewells and
warns, and his comrades,
iv, 308
disappears and is sought
in vain by, and his com-
rades, iv, 308
vainly reminds his com-
rades of Kai Khusrau's
warning, iv, 309
end of, iv, 309
Faridun (Thraetaona), Shah, son
of Abtin and Faranak,r^o,
141, 133, i. 30. 42, 54, 55.
90 seq., 142, 286, 336, 341,
349, 351, 364, 370. 382.
384, 385; ii, ". 17, 19,
21, 29, 33, 36, 37, 99. 193.
195, 204, 237, 274, 318,
327. 392, 400, 404 ; iii.
21, 37. 245. 257; iv, 17,
66, 69, 89, 91, 142, 149.
151, 153, 168, 174, 203,
204, 221, 222, 255, 259,
260, 262, 266, 269, 286,
289, 299, 313, 328; V, 32,
34, t6o, 180, 196, 204
seq., 245, 260, 261, 271,
283 ; vi, 73, 172, 209,
406 ; vii, 37, 38, 60, 62,
73, 79, loi, 120, 199, 207 ;
viii, 129, 205, 218, 231,
242, 260, 300, 376 seq.,
391, 392 ; ix, 25, 39, 53.
71, 86, 103
mythological origin of, i, 171
seq.
Zahh4k's dream of, i, 147
seq.
advent of, prophesied, i,
149
GENERAL INDEX
253
Fari'dun, birth of, i, 150
father of, slain by Zahhdk, i,
151
brought up on the milk of
the cow Birniaya, i, 151
taken by his mother to
Mount Alburz, i, 152
palace of, burned by Zahhak,
i. 152, 153
questions his mother about
his origin, i, 152
contemplates revenge on
Zahhak, i, 154
dissuaded by his mother, i,
154
Kawa revolts to, i, 157
resolves to war with Zahhak,
i, 157
brothers of, i, 158
ox-head mace invented by,
1,158
rewards the smiths, i, 158
goes to fight Zahhcik, i, 159
seq.
visited and instructed by
Suriish, i, 159
life of, attempted by his
brothers, i, 160
saves himself by his magic
power, i, 160
van of, led by Kawa, i, 160
crosses the Arwand (Dijla,
Tigris), 1, 160
enters Zahhak's capital, i,
161
overthrows Zahhdk's talis-
man, i, 161
seeks in vain for Zahhak, i,
162
finds the sisters of Jamslu'd,
i, 162
hears where Zahhak is, i, 163
Story of, and Zahhak's min-
ister (Kundrav), i, 164
doings of, reported to Zah-
hak by Kundrav, i, 165
attacked by, and over-
throws, Zahhdk, i, 168,
288
counselled by Surush about
Zahhak, i, 1O8, lOy
Faridiin, becomes Shdh, i, 168
fetters Zahhak upon Mount
Damawand, i, 169
Reign of, 140, i, 171 seq.
Note on, i, 171 seq.
three sons of, i, 174, 177
ethnical significance of, i,
54
accession of, i, 174
holds a feast, i, 175
makes a progress through
the world, i, 17G
builds himself a seat, i, 177
sends Jandal on a mission, i,
177
receives Jandal s report, i,
182
instructs his sons how to
deal with Sarv, i, 182
sons of, outwit Sarv, i, 184
receive Sarv's daughters
in marriage, i, 185
return home, i, 186
proved by Fan'dun, i, 186
named by Faridiin, i, 187
wives of, named by Fari-
diin, i, 188
horoscopes of, taken by
Faridiin, i, 188
divides the world among
his sons, i, 189
grows old, i, 189
Salm and Tiir write to, to
demand the abdication of
fraj, i, 191
makes answer to his sons, i,
193
holds converse with fraj, i,
195
writes to Salm and Tiir, i, 197
fraj's head sent to, i, 202
mourning of, for fraj, i, 203
^eq.
sight of, injured by mourn-
ing for fraj, i, 204
hopes for issue from fraj, i,
205
recovers his sight, i, 206
gifts of, to Miniichihr, i, 207
gives a feast to the nobles,
i, 207
254
GENERAL INDEX
Faddun, receives an embassage
from his sons, i, 209
makes answer to his sons,
i, 211
sends IVIiniichihr to fight
with Salm and Tur i, 215
hears of Minuchihr's vic-
tory, i, 222
Minuchihr sends the heads
of Salm and Tur to, i, 222,
229
welcomes Minuchihr on his
return in triumph, i, 230
confides Minuchihr to Salm,
i, 231
gives thanks to God and
prays for death, i, 232
distributes the spoil to the
troops, i, 232
enthrones Minuchihr, i, 232
passes his last days in
austerities, i, 232
dies, i, 232
burial of, i, 233
mourning for, i, 233, 237
Firdausi's reflections on, i,
170, 232
final warfare of Zahhak
with, i, 278, cf. 173
Mount Sipand besieged by
order of, i, 329
Grace of, i, 335
saying of, ii, 219 and note
flag of = flag of Kawa, vi, 59
capital of, vii, 215, 238
Farikin (Maiyafarikin, Martyr-
opolis), city in Roman
Armenia, vii, 200
taken by Kubad, vii, 200
Fdriyab, city half way between
the town of Marvrud and
Balkh, iv, 65
Farr, i, 82. See Grace.
Farruhan (Farrukhcin). See
Fardyin.
Farrukh, ruler of Nimriiz, viii,
375
Farrukhan (Farruhan). See
Farayin.
Farrukhdnzdd (Farrukhzad q.v.),
viii, 195
Farrukh-Hurmuzd (Hurmuzd
q.v.), father of Rustam,
ix, 69
Farrukhzad (of glorious birth),
name assumed by Gush-
tasp in Riim, iv, 351 seq.,
357. 360
j Farrukhzad, Shah, J75, ix, 61
I seq., 70
Siyah Chashm and, ix, 62
poisons, ix, 63
Farrukhzad (Farrukhanzad q.v.),
son of Hurmuzd, brother
of Rustam, and favourite
of Khusrau Parvviz, ix, 23,
87. 92, 95
conspires with Guraz, viii,
408, 412
goes to the host, viii, 412
rebels in favour of Shirwi,
viii, 413
brother of, viii, 413 and
note
conspires with Tukhar, viii,
414
proclaims Shirwi Shah, viii,
hears where Khusrau Par-
wiz is hiding, viii, 419
holds talk with Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 420
bribes Mihr Hurmuzd to
murder Khusrau Parwiz,
ix, 33
defeats the Arabs, ix, 85
counsels Yazdagird, ix, 86,
87
leads the host to Khurasan,
ix, 8g
entrusts Yazdagird to
M4hwi, ix, 95
goes to Rai, ix, 96
FarrukhzAd, Iranian warrior,
viii, 241, 296
speech of, viii, 240
Farsang (parasang), measure of
length, about 3.88 miles,
i, 82
Farshidward, son of Wisa and
brother of Piran, Turan-
ian hero, 75-', i, 92 ; iii,
GENERAL INDEX
555
Farshfdward — com/.
90, 166, 198, 205, 252 ;
iv, 7, 10, 119, 122, 125,
133. 153. 160, 162
summons Pircin to save
Farangi's, ii, 322
commands with Lahhak the
right wing, iv, 26
attacks the Iranians in
flank, iv, 82
opposed by Zanga, iv, 83
goes to help Piran and
attacks Giv, iv, 85
prowess of, iv, 86
fights with Guraza, iv, 87
Bizhan, iv, 87
Lahhak and, put in joint
command, iv, 84
Piran's instructions to,
iv, 95
hear of the death of Piran
and the coming of Kai
Khusrau, iv, 112
lament for Piran, iv, 112
take counsel with the
host, iv, 113
fight and escape Iranian
outpost, iv, 116
referred to, iv, 118, 120,
126
repose themselves, iv, 121
corpses of, brought back
by Bizhan, iv, 126, 132
deaths of, announced to
Afrasiyab iv, 152
Farshidward, brother of Asfan-
diyar, 153, v, 20, 22, no,
114, 141, 171
governor of Khurasan, v, 77
stationed on the Iranian
right, v, 94
mortally wounded by Kuh-
ram, v, 95, loi, 104
Asfandiycir laments for, v,
loi, 104
resolves to avenge, v, 104
dies, V, 104
shrouded by Asfandiyar, v,
105
Farshidward, a miser, 16^, vii,
07 seq.
Farshfdward, a miser. Bahram
Gur visits, vii, 68 seq.
pretended destitution of,
vii, 68 seq.
wealth of, described, vii, 70,
72, 73
Fartiis, Turanian hero, iii, 182,
213, 231, 251
comes to aid Pirdn, iii, 152
hears of the coming of
Rustam, iii, 175
slain by Fariburz, iv, 181
Farud, son of Siyawush and
Jarira daughter of Piran,
and half brother of Kai
Khusrau, 145, 147, i, 92,
370 ; ii, 3, 291 ; iii, 8, 14,
42 seq., 72, 85, 87, 93, 107,
III seq. ; iv, 42, 135 ;
V, 30
birth of, ii, 291
liostiHty of Tiis to, iii, 13
Story of, 14J, iii, 37 seq.
referred to, iii, 39
advised by Tukhar, iii, 47,
52 seq.
interview of, with Bahram,
iii, 47 seq.
birth-mark of, iii, 49
gives his mace to Bahram,
iii, 50
eighty slaves of, the, iii, 55
their mockery of Tiis, iii,
their mockery of Giv, iii,
slays the steed of Tus, iii, 56
wounds the steed of Giv, iii,
58
slays the steed of Bizhan,
iii, 61
worsted by Bizhan, iii, 62
attacks the Iranians, iii, 63
prowess of, iii, 64
mortally wounded, iii, 64
dies, iii, 65
mother and slaves of,
destroy themselves, iii, 66
burial of, iii, 68
Kai Khusrau's gritf for, iii,
8 } seq., 1 12
256
GENERAL INDEX
Fariid, son of Shirin and Khusrau
Parwiz, ix, 39
Farukhzad. See Farrukhzad.
Farwardi'n, genius, i, 88 ; iii,
287, 328
name of month and day, i,
88, 133, 263 ; iii, 230, 286,
317. 323 ; vi, 375 ; vii,
363 ; viii, 367, 371
origin of, iii, 286
Faryan, king, father-in-law of
Kaidrush, 759, vi, 66, 67,
124 seq., 171, 172
city of, taken by Sikandar,
vi, 124
slain, vi, 125
daughter and son-in-law of,
taken prisoners, vi, 125
brought before Naitkun,
vi, 126
sentenced to death, vi, 126
pardoned, vi, 126
Fciskun, forest in Rum, iv, 333,
335 seq.
Wolf of, 154
described, iv, 333, 336
Mirin bidden by Ca?sar to
slay, iv, 333
Gushtasp undertakes to
slay, iv, 336
keeps tusks of, iv, 338
tusks of, produced before
Caesar by Hishwi, iv,
351
referred to, iv, 359
Fatima, daughter of Muhammad
and wife of 'Ali, i, 12
Fazl. See Abu'l 'Abbas Fazl.
Feast. See JNIihrgan, Nauruz,
New Year's Day, Sada.
Ferghana. See Farghana.
Fight of the Seven Warriors, 143,
ii, 82, 107 seq.
Firdausi, Persian poet and
author of the Shahndma,
146, 134, 135, j6o, 173.
i, 3, 22 seq, ; ii, 9, 10, 82,
119; iii, 1 1, 108, 271,
272 ; iv, 136, 138, 314,
316; V, 10, 20 seq., 29,
282 ; vi, 16, 17, 64 seq.,
Firdaus: — covt.
72, 78, 80 seq, 197, 198,
202, 250, 254, 294, 313,
375, 321 seq.. 326, 328
368 ; vii 3, 4, 6, 133, 156,
159, 185, 186, 188, 213,
214, 217 seq., 317 ; viii,
71, 73, 74, 187, 190, 192,
193, ix, 69
materials for the life of, i,
23 seq.
personal references of, in the
Shahnama, i, 24 seq.
conclusions from, i, 35
date of birth of, i, 24
Muhammadan of the Shi'ite
sect, i, 24, 106, 107
fond of wine, i, 25 ; iv, 313 ;
V, 164, vi, 291, 306, 309,
314, 362, 369 ; vii, 277
owned or occupied land, i,
25 ; vi, 411 ; ix 112
escape of, from drowning, i,
26, 29
son of, i, 26 ; viii, 190
referred to {?), i, 27 ;
vii, 277, 311
death of, 173, i, 26 ; viii,
190
complains of old age, 160,
i, 26 ; ii, 336 ; iv, 141 ;
v, 262 ; vii, 220
patrons, friends and helpers
of, i, 29 seq., 35, 39, no ;
ix, 121
exempted from taxation, i,
33. 39; ix, 121
Nizami's account of, i, 38
seq., 45
later legends of, iii, 15, 109,
igi ; iv, 8
Dakiki, and. See Daki'ki.
Mahmud and. See Mah-
mud.
Satire of. See Mahmud.
Shahnama of. See Shah-
nama.
Yusuf and Zuli'kha of, i, 45
admits Muhammadan tradi-
tions into Shdhnama,
viii, 42
GENERAL INDEX
^57
Firdausi, and rhyme-word, viii,
397, note
account of Arab conquest
by, supplemented, ix,
65
Yazdagird's death, ix, 70,
107
reflections on, ix, 108,
III
on completion of Shalinama,
ix, 121
time spent on Shdhnama,
ix, 122
praise of Sultan Mahmud-
Sec Mah'iiud
Fire, ancient cult of the Aryans,
i. 7. 49, 56
priests of. See Magi,
region of, ii, 56
Hiishang's discovery of, i,
123
institution of the Cult of,
i, 116, 123
Feast of Sada, i, 124
ordeal by, 144, ii, 218 seq.
sacred, vi, 21, 201, 212
Fire — fane or temple, 154. See
Azar Abadagan, Azar-
gashasp, Barzin.
— worship, abolition of, pro-
phesied, viii, 68
Firiiz, Iranian king, iv, 149
Firuzabad. See Gur.
Firuzi Kuh, pass in the Alburz
range, ii, 28
Fish, mythological, i, 71, 72,
148, 252 ; ii, 15, 299 ; iv,
279; vii, 341 and note,
406 ; viii, 212 and note
salt, the, legend of, vi, 76
seq.
— eaters. See Ichthyo-
phagi.
Fleece, Golden. See Golden.
Flesh-meats, introduction of,
attributed to Ahriman,
i. i3«
Flight, of Muhammad, referred
to, ix, 122
Flying-machine, of Kai Kaiis, ii,
103
Fo-lin, vi, 73 and note
Footman (pawn), piece in chess,
vii, 385
position of, vii, 388
move of, vii, 422
promotion of, vii, 422
Ford and toll-house of Zark, ix,
100 and note, 116
Fort, hill, Malcolm's descrip-
tion of a, i, 236
Fortifications vitrified vi, 79, 165
Fount of Life, the, vi, 74
seq. ,158 seq.
Sikandar's expedition to,
vi, 158 seq.
account of, in the Pseudo-
Callisthcnes, vi, 74 seq.
Sikandar fails to find, vi,
160
Founts, the Seven, viii, 392
Four, Wonders of Kaid. See
Kaid.
Faiths, vi, 91, 95
Frangrasyan (Afrasiyab, q.v.),
i, 338 ; ii, 81, 189 ; iv,
137. 138
Frashokart, son of Gushtasp, v,
26
Frasiyav (Afrasiyab, q.v.), i,
338 ; ii, 8r
Fravashi, i, 369 ; ii, 82 ; iii, 286
Frazdanava, lake or river, v, 13
Fruba, sacred Fire, vi, 201, 255
Funj, leader of Khan's host,
temp. Nushirwan, vii, 330
Fur (Porus, q.v.), dynastic title
and Indian king, temp.
Sikandar, i^g, vi, 31, 51,
62, 64, 110. seq. 123, 132,
135, 137. 170, 172. 175 ;
vii, 395
Dara's letter to, vi, 50
Sikandar's war with, vi, 67,
1 1 2 seq.
routed by Sikandar's iron
steeds, vi, 116
single combat of, with Sik-
andar, vi, 117
slain, vi, 117
troops of, submit to Sikan-
dar, vi, 118
VOL. IX.
258
GENERAL INDEX
Furuliil, Iranian hero, i^i, iv,
24. 33
chosen to fight with Zan-
gula, iv, 97
slays Zangula, iv, loi
Gabriel, angel, 1, 114 ; iv, 140 ;■
vi, 138 note
Gahan (Kahan, town above
Juwayn on the Farah
river which flows into
the northern end of the
Lake of Zirih in Sistan ?)
149, iii, 152, 177, 224, 225
Gahar, Turanian hero, 1^9, iii,
216, 224, 251
comes to aid Piran, iii, 152
slain by Rustam, iii, 225
Gaiumart, the first Shah and
culture-hero, and the first
man in Zoroastrian tradi-
tion, ijg, i, 90, 91, 116,
123 ; vi, 208 ; viii, 24,
5.5, 260, 269, 310, 376
Reign of, i, 117 seq.
Note on, i, 117
greatness of, i, 118
culture-hero, i, 118
son of, i, 119
slain by Black Div, i, 120
envied by Ahriman, i, 119
warned by Suriish, i, 119
grief of, for the death of
Siyamak, i, 120
bidden by Suriish to avenge
Siyamak, i, 120
goes with Hiishang to fight
Black Div, i, 121
death of, i, 1 2 1
Firdausi's reflections on, i,
121
rites of, vii, 53
Faith of, vii, 273 ; vii, 277
Galbwi, Iranian chief, ix, 74
Galinush, put in charge of Khus-
rau Parwiz, viii, 421 ; ix,
5. II. 12
parley of, with Kharrad and
Ashtcid, ix, 12 seq.
Gandarep, monster, i, 143
slain by Keresaspa, i, 172,
173
Gang, mountain, iv, 162 ; v, 216
Gang, sea of, ii, 362
Gang, stronghold in Tiiran and
seat of Afrasiyab, ii, 241,
261, 309, 344, 357, 369 ;
iii, 236, 253 ; iv, 258
king of = Afrasiyab, iv, 134
two places known as, iv, 136
= Gang-bihisht q.v., iv, igo,
195. 197. 198, 202, 208,
218, 220, 221, 229, 232
= Gang-dizh q.v., iv, 247
Gang-bihisht, north of the Jax-
artes, stronghold and seat
of Afrasiyab, 152, iv, 135,
136, 207 seq., 228
Afrasiyab at, iv, 187
marches from, iv, 190
returns to, iv, 196
described, iv, 195
prepared for a siege by
Afrasiyab, iv, 197
besieged by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 198, 208 seq.
taken by storm, iv, 209 seq.
occupied by Kai Khusrau
for a while, iv, 218
Giidarz left in command of,
iv, 2 1 9
Gustaham, son of Naudar,
left in command of, iv, 238,
Kai Khusrau dwells for a
year in, iv, 254
Gang-dizh (Gang-i-Siyawush),
stronghold, 145, 153, iv,
135, 136, 186 note, 203,
257, 264 ; ix, 25
possible identification of, ii,
i8g
meaning of, ii, 19
building and description of,
ii, 279 seq.
Afrasiyab takes refuge at,
iv, 230
Kai Khusrau resolves to
pursue Afrdsiyib to, iv,
231
niarches to, iv, 247
GENERAL ISJ)l-X
250
Gangdizh, Kai Khusrau, forbids
his troops to injure, iv, 247
enters, iv, 248
remains a year at, iv, 249
advised by his paladins
to leave, iv, 249
appoints a governor for,
iv, 249
distributes treasure at, iv,
250
Gang-i-Dizhukht (Baitu'l Muk-
addas q.v.), i, 161, 226
Gang-i-Siyawush. See Gang-
dizh.
Ganges, Indian river, vi, G4
Garamik-kart. See Giranii.
Garcha, Turanian hero, iii, 152
comes to aid Piran, iii, 152
Garden of the Hesperides, vi, 74
Indians, viii, 196
Gardener, a, vi, 341
entertains Shapur son of
Urmuzd, vi, 341 seq.
sent by Shapur to the high
priest, vi, 344
describes Shapur, vi, 344
rewarded by Shapur, vi, 357
Gargwi, Iranian hero, v, log
commands the left, v, 109
Garib, surface-measure, vii, 215
and note
Garshasp. See Keresaspa.
Garshcisp, son of Zav, Shah, 142,
i, 90, 91, 174 ; ii, 336
Reign of, i, 373 seq.
Note on, i, 373
relation of, to Keresisp, i,
174
accession of, i, 374
death of, i, 375
Garshasp, Iranian hero, i, 42,
144, 207, 212, 214, 239,
345 ; ii, 4 ; iii, 260, 273 ;
V, 202
relation of, to Keresispa, i,
174 ^
Garshasp, Iranian chief, tevip.
Shapur son of Ardshir, vi,
297
single combat of, with Baz-
^nijsh, vi, 297
Garshasp, frAnian noble, temp-
Nushi'rwan, viii, i.S
Garsiwaz, brother of Afrasiyab,
145. 150. 153. i, 92, 342.
349; ii, 3, 188, 189, 193,
195, 228, 231 seq., 249,
253, 264, 268, 269, 286,
289 se?., 313 seq. ; iii, 197,
208, 306, 310, 350, 352 ;
iv, 10, 135 seq., 209 seq.,
252, 268 ; vi, 325 ; ix,
103
defeated by Siyawush, ii,
229 seq.
sues for peace to Siyawush,
ii, 237 seq.
fails to string the bow of
Siyawush, ii, 266
visits Siyawush, ii, 289 seq.
envies SiyiwTish, ii, 292 seq.
challenges Siyawush, ii, 294
slanders Siyawush, ii, 296
seq.
betrays Siyawush, ii, 301
seq.
compasses the death of
Siyawush, ii, 315 seq.
charged with the execution
of Farangis, ii, 322
goes to Manizha's palace,
iii, 301
finds Bizhan, iii, 302
takes Bizhan before Afra-
siyab, iii, 303
ordered to execute Bizhan,
iii, 304
imprison Bizhan, iii, 309
disgrace Manizha, iii, 309
put in charge of the ele-
phants, iv, 156
reinforces Afrasiyab, iv, iSi
Jahn and, compel Afra-
siyab to quit the field, iv,
182
commands the rear, iv, 191
taken prisoner by Rustam
at the storming of Gang-
bihisht, iv, 210
referred to, iv, 211
sent to Kai Kaiis, iv, 233
imprisoned, iv, 23.5
26o
GENERAL INDEX
Garsi'waz, sent for by Kai Kaiis
and Kai Khusrau, and put
to the torture, iv, 265
voice of, attracts Afra-
siy4b from lake, iv, 265
holds converse with Afra-
siyab, iv, 266
slain by Kai Khusrau, iv,
269
Garsiyiin, Iranian chief, ix, 115
Gashan, as rhyme-word, viii,
397 note
Gashasp, Iranian chief, vi, 394
addresses the nobles on the
succession to the throne,
vi, 394
Gashasp, Iranian general, temp.
Niishirwan, vii, 251
put in charge of baggage-
train, vii, 251
Gashasp, Iranian noble, viii, 17,
18
Gashasp, father in ShahnAma of
Bahram Chiibina, viii, 76,
99, 162, 169, 304
Gashasp, father of Ashtad q.v.,
ix, II
Gathas, ii, 8; v, 11, 12, 17
Gaugamela, village near Nineveh,
vi, 31, 32 note
battle of, vi, 31
Gaumata (the false Smerdis),
Magus, vi, 207
usurpation, and death of, i,
58
overthrow of, celebrated at
the Magophonia, i, 59
Gav, king of Hind, i6(j, vii, 395
seq.
mother of, vii, 395 seq.
two marriages of, vii, 395,
396
two sons of, vii, 395,
396
becomes queen, vii, 397
tries to keep peace be-
tween her sons, vii, 397
seq.
hears of the death of Tal-
hand, vii, 419
reproaches Gav, vii, 420
Gav, mother of, chess invented
to appease, vii, 421
death of, vii, 423
birth of, vii, 395
tutor of, vii, 397, 398, 401,
402, 407, 408, 410, 413,
417. 421
rivalry between Talhand
and, vii, 397 seq.
war between Talhand and,
vii, 404 seq.
attempts of, at accommoda-
tion with Talhand, vii,
405, 408, 413
defeats Talhand, vii, 412
proposes a decisive battle to
Talhand, vii, 414
victory of, vii, 416
invents chess to console his
mother for the death of
Talhand, vii, 421
Gaza, city in south-western
Palestine, vi, 30
siege of, by Alexander the
Great, vi, 30
Gazhdaham, Iranian hero and
castellan of White Castle,
144. i. 369 ; ii. 131. 13^.
134. 138, 139, 145. i4(> ;
iii, 15, 25, 33, 40, 45, 294 ;
iv, 13, 24, 149
besieged by Barman, i, 354
relieved by Karan, i, 354
Suhrab described by, ii, 136
evacuates White Castle, ii,
137
Gedrosia (Makran, Baluchistan),
vi, 69
Gelani. See Gilan.
Gemini, constellation, vi, 155 ;
viii, 86, 203 ; ix, 73
Genealogical tables
Pishdadian dynasty, i, 90,
91
Kaianian dynasty, ii, 3
Sdsanian dynasty, vi, 3
Kings and heroes of TurAn,
i, 92
Iranian heroes, ii, 4
Genealogies, fictitious, v, 282,
290, 293; vi, 199, 2x1
GENERAL INDEX
261
Genealogies, of Papak in Tabari,
vi, 200
Mas'udi, vi, 200
Geography, Firdausi's, ii, 28
Darmestctcr on, ii, 79, 80
Geometrician, vi, 377
Geopothros (Gotarzes q.v.), iii, 9
George, Armenian general, viii,
195
Germanus, \ii, 218
Germany, vi, 73
Gharcha (Georgia), country be-
tween the Caucasus and
• the Aras, iv, 14, 65
king of, iv, 149
Gharchis (Georgians), vii, 94
Ghatkar, ruler of the Haitalians,
q.v., 168 ; vii, 334, 33.5
hears of, and destroys, the
Khan's embassy to Niish-
irvvan, vii, 330
prepares to oppose the Khan
vii, 330
defeated, vii, 332
Ghaznin, city in Afghanistan,
the capital of Sultan
Mahmiid, i, 20, 257 ; iv,
14 ; v, 173 ; vii, 173
Ghee, clarified butter, vi, 105
Ghiil, a sorceress, i, 42 ; v, 117,
128
referred to, v, 121
described, v, 130
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 131
Ghundi, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55,
93 ; iii, 256 ; iv, 296 ;
V, 204
Ghiir, district in Afghanistan
between Harat and Ghaz-
nin, ii, loi
Ghuz, a Turkish tribe and desert
east of Gurgan, iv, 60
Gil, Gilan, district on the south-
west coast of the Caspian,
167. i, 230, 231 ; ii, 226,
293 ; iv, 148, 265 ; V, 13 ;
vi, 227 ; vii, 224, 340,
362, ix, 93
river of = KiziI Uzun, also
called Safid Rud, iv, 154
waters of =Caspian, i, 230
Gil, Afrdsiyab's camp in, iv, 155
Ni'ishirwan's dealings with,
vii, 216, 242 seq.
captives from, settled at
Sursin, vii, 328
Gimirri. See Kimmerians.
Gipsies, the, 165, vii, 6
Noldekc on, vii, 6
language of, vii, 6
brought into frdn by Bah-
ram Gur, vii, 149
Girami (Garamik-kart), son of
Jamasp, 155. v, 24 seq., 58
death of, foretold by Jam-
asp, V, 50
worsts Namkhast, v, 59
rescues Kawa's flag, v, 59
slain, V, 59
Giravgard, Turanian stronghold
on the Oxus, iii, 73, 80
occupied by the Iranians,
iii, 78
Girduni, Sirdarra, pass in the
Alburz range, ii, 28 ; vi,
32
Sawachi, pass in the Alburz
range, ii, 28
Girdkuh, fortress, v, 30
Girih (Jirrah), place south of
Shiraz, vi, 199
Giv, Iranian hero, son of Gudarz,
and father of Bizhan, 146-
I5I' 154. ii. 4. 25, 33. 35.
38, 62, 70, 73, 85, 91, 127.
138 seq., 148, 151, 158,
160, 188, 193, 197. 271,
318, 319, 338, 340. 349,
351. 362, 388 seq. : iii, 11,
13, 18, 19, 27, 33, 45. 48,
seq. 57. 67. 75. 7^, 81, 85,
86, 89 seq., 96, loi seq.,
108, III, 114 seq., 121 seq.,
127, 129, 130, 133. 139
seq., 143, 154. 155. 157.
159, 161, 169, 170, 182,
183, 187, 206, 211. 227,
231, 238, 244, 245, 247,
248, 253, 255, 259, 264,
268, 273, 289, 291, 292,
294, 296 seq., 302, 305,
262
GENERAL INDEX
Gi'v — cont.
307 seq., 311 scq., ^o seq.,
337 seq., 350, 353 seq. ;
iv, 7, 8, II, 13, 15, 16, 19
seq., 26 seq., 39 se^., 52,
54. 56, 59, 69, 82 5^^., 90,
99, 102, 136, 147, 157, 223,
2 26, 2-27, 233 5^(7., 292,
296, 306 seq. : V, 207,
208 ; vi, 194 ; viii, 168
meaning of, ii, 335
historical character, iii, 9
relationship of, to Rustam,
ii. 155, 365. 384 ; iii. 323
son of Gudarz, ii, 158
wife of, ii, 365, 384 ; iii, 323
sister of, ii, 384 ; iii, 323
father of Bizhan, ii, 366
and note
solicitude of, for Bizhan,
iii, 15
harries Mazandaran, ii, 39
taken prisoner in Mazan-
daran, ii, 40
released by Rustam, ii, 58
taken prisoner in Hama-
varan, ii, 90
released by Rustam, ii, 97
goes in search of Kai Kaiis,
ii, 104
takes part in the Fight of
the Seven Warriors, ii,
107 seq.
bears letter from Kaiis to
Rustam, ii, 139
encampment of, described,
ii, 155
helps to saddle Rakhsh for
the fight with Suhrab, ii,
160
Suhrab described by, ii, 166
quarrels with Tiis over the
future mother of Siya-
wush, iii, 194
sent by Ot'idarz to seek Kai
Khusrau, ii, 364 seq.
finds Kai Khusrau, ii, 370
receives the mail of Siy4-
wush, ii, 377
exploits of, in defence of
Kai Khusrau, ii, 378 seq.
Giv, tells how he captured
Piran's wife and sister, ii,
383
overthrows Piran and his
hobt, ii, 385
releases Piran, ii, 387
at the Jihun, ii, 391 seq.
announces Kai Khusrau 's
arrival in Iran, ii, 304
accompanies Kai Khusrau
to Ispahan, ii, 396
rewarded by Kai Kaus, ii,
399
goes on an embassy to Tus, ii
400
bears Ivai Khusrau 's letter
to the castle of Bahnian,
ii, 408
undertakes to slay Tazhav,
iii, 28
burn the barricade at the
Kasa riid, iii, 29
horse of, wounded by Farud,
iii, 58^
lends Bizhan the mail of
Siyawush, iii, 60, 69
sees Palashan approaching,
iii, 69
burns the barricade at the
Kasa rud, iii, 73
parleys with Tazhav, iii, 75
rouses the Iranians, iii, 81
rallies the host, iii, 91
many kindred of, slain, iii, 94
urges Bahram not to return
to the battlefield, iii, 96
goes in quest of Bahram, iii,
102
takes Tazhav captive, iii,
102
buries Bahram, iii, 104
made adviser to Tus, iii, 116
interrupts Tus' parley with
Ilunian, iii, 122
raids Ivhutan, iii, 247
steed of, iii, 257
worsted by Pulddwand, iii,
258
interferes in the fight
between Rustam and
Puladwand, iii, 263
GENERAL INDEX
263
i\\v, opposes Bfzhan's expedi-
tion to Irnian, iii, 291
qiR'stions tiurgin about Bi-
zlian, iii, 31 1
wrotli with t'lurf^iii, iii, 314
appeals to Kai Khiisrau, iii,
315
comforted by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 315, 318
sent to summon Riistam,
iii, 319
met by Zal, iii, 321
tells liizhan's case to Rus-
tam, iii, 322
announces Rustam's ap-
proach to Kai Khusrau,
iii, 326
goes to welcome Rustam,
iii. 353
holds parley with Piran,
iv, 20
overtures of, rejected and
returns to Gudarz, iv, 21
commands the rear, iv, 24
referred to, iv, 39
tries to stop Bi'zhan from
fighting Human, iv, 40, 43
over-ruled by Gudarz, iv,
43
refuses to lend Bizhan
the mail of Siyawush, iv,
43
repents of his refusal, iv,
44
son of = Bizhan, iv, 76
ordered to dispatch troops
to oppose Lahhak and
Farshidward, iv, 82
sends Zanga and Gurgin, iv,
83
leaves Farhad in command
and attacks with Bizhan
Piran 's centre, iv, 83
defeats Ruin, iv, 84
fights with Piran, iv, 84
attacked by Lahhak and
Farshidward, iv, 85
superseded pro tern, by
Shidush, iv, 92
chosen to fight with Gurwf,
iv, 97
Giv, takes Gurwi prisoner, iv, 100
opposes Bfzhan's going to
help Gustahani, iv, iig
consents to Bfzhan's going
to help Ciustaham, iv, 120
brings Gurwf before Kai
Khusrau, iv, 127
given a command, iv, 149
commands the real, iv, 191
takes part in the siege of
Gang-bihisht, iv, 199
goes with the captives to
Kai Kaus, iv, 233
gives Kai Kaiis tidings of
Kai Khusrau, iv, 234
rewarded by Ivai Kaus, iv,
236
returns to Gang-bihisht
with letter for K.ai Khus-
rau, iv, 238
made governor of the coun-
try between the sea and
Gang-dizh, iv, 246
welcomes Kai Khusrau on
his return from Gang-
dizh, iv, 250
rewarded by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 252
Gudarz and, meet Hum, iv,
263
hear of Hum's adventure
with Afrasiyab, iv, 263
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles
for refusing audience, iv,
275
sent by Gudarz to summon
Zal and Rustam, iv, 278
bidden with other chiefs by
Kai Ivhusrau to make an
assembly on the plain, iv,
291 seq.
Kai Khusrau 's gift to, iv,
295
receives grant of Kum and
Ispahan, iv, 298
sets out with Kai Khusrau
on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
refuses to turn back when
bidden by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 307
264
GENERAL INDEX
Giv, Kai Khusrau farewells
and warns, and his com-
rades, iv, 308
disappears and is sought
in vain by, and his
comrades, iv, 308
end of, iv, 309
grief of Gudarz for, iv, 310,
Givgan, Iranian hero, ii, 109,
155 ; iii. 34 ; Jv, 24
Gloom, the (Land of Darkness),
160, V, 30 ; vi, 79
conception of, vi, 73
visited by Asfandiyar, v, 76
Sikandar's expedition to,
vi, 74 seq.
account of, in the Pseudo-
Callisthenes, vi, 74 seq.
Sikandar hears of, vi, 158
enters, vi, 159 seq.
emerges from, vi, 162
jewels of, vi, 162
Glory, the divine. See Grace.
Glove, The, Browning's poem
of, referred to, vi, 384
note
Go-between, old woman as, i,
280 seq.
Gog and Magog (Yajiij and
Majuj, q.v.), the barbarous
nomads of northern Asia,
i, 16 ; vi, 78
Golden, Age, i, 129, 134
boot, iv, 34, 180, 243, 282,
300. 359
Fleece, land of the, i, 57
Gomer. See Kimmerians.
Good Thoughts, Words, and
Deeds, Zoroastrian for-
mula, i6(), vii, 317, 318
symbolised in the game of
nard, vii, 381
Gordyene, kingdom, south of
Armenia, vi, 198
Gotarzes, Parthian king and
Iranian hero (Gudarz,
q.v.), iii 109
memorial tablet of, iii, 9
Geopothros, iii, 9
coin of, iii, 9
Gotarzes, war of, with Vardanes,
iii, 10, II
Meherdates, iii, 10 seq.
character of, in history,
iii, 10
Grace or Glory, the divine, i,
113, 114, 116, 123, 130
seq., and passim
account of, i, 82
visible appearances of, i, 82,
130, 374. 385 ; vi, 221
seq.
Granicus, river in Asia Minor
flowing into the Propon-
tis (Sea of Marmara), vi,
30
battle of the, vi, 30, 31
Grapes, bunch of, Kubad and
the, vii, 183 note
Greece, vi, 30
Greed and Need, personification
of, vi, 146 ; vii, 71, 205,
'206, 368, 369
Greek, Greeks, i, 10 ; v, 282 ;
vi, 82
relations of, with the Iran-
ians, i, 14
history and legend in rela-
tion to Persian dto, ii, 9
conception of India, vi, 68
captives, mutilation of, by
the Persians, vi, 373
philosophers entertained by
Nushirwan, vii, 280
Green, Prophet, the. See Al
Khidr.
sea, the, vi, 174 note, viii,
46 and note
Gretna Green, vi, 323 note
Griffon, fabulous bird, i, 23=5 and
Hole
Gudarz, son of Kishwad, Iranian
hero, and father of Giv, a
reminiscence of the Par-
thian king Gotarzes, q.v.,
146. 148, 151-153. i. 4^ ;
ii, 4. 33. 35. 3«. 62, 70.
73, 83, 91, 1^7. 138, 142.
157. 177. 178. 193. 250,
286, 290, 316, 318, 335,
338, 340. 349, 371 i'^?-. 384,
GENERAL INDEX
265
Gudarz — cont.
388, 394, 406 ; iii, 8, II,
15, 18, 19. 24, 28, 33, 38,
40, 43 seq., 50, 51, 67, 81
seq., 85, 88 seq., 100, iii,
112, 115, 117, 118, 120,
123, 126, 127, 129 seq.,
134. 136, 137. 139. 143.
145, 149 seq., 154 seq.,
164, 169, 172, 177, 1S7.
205, 206, 211 seq., 220,
225, 232, 236, 246, 253,
254. 255, 258, 264, 268,
273. 277, 289, 298, 302,
305, 308, 322, 327, 329
seq-, 337 seq., 354, 337
iv. 7. 13. 79, 80, 85, 88
seq., 102, 103, 106 seq.,
113 seq., 136, 145 seq.,
149, 157, 162, 171, 180,
igi, 206, 226, 227, 292,
299 ; V, 207, 208 ; vi,
194 ; viii, 104, 168 ; ix,
23
taken prisoner in Mazan-
daran, ii, 40
released by Kustam, ii, 58
leceives Ispahan from Kai
Kaiis, ii, 78
taken prisoner in Hama-
varan, ii, 90
released by Rustam, ii, 97
censures Kai Kids, ii, 105
takes part in the Fight of
the Seven Warriors, ii, 107
mediates between Kai Kaiis
and Rustam, ii, 144 seq.
encampment of, described,
ii, 153
sons and grandsons of, ii,
158 ; iii, 33 ; ix, 25
loss of, iii, 83 note, 94,
131 ; iv, 310, 312
survivors of, iv, 298
consoles Siyawush for his
mother's death, ii, 199
appointed ruler of Su^hd
and Sipanjab, ii, 3.58
returns to fran, ii, 3O2
sees Suriish in a dream, ii,
363
Gudarz, sends Gi'v to seek for
Kai Khusrau, ii, 364
hears of Kai Khusrau's
arrival in fran, ii, 3<)3
welcomes Kai Khusrau and
Giv, ii, 396
accompanies them to Is-
taklir, ii, 31)1)
dispute of, witli Ti'is, ii, 400
seq.
goes with Kai Kliusrau to
the castle of Bahman, ii,
407
advises Tus to avoid
Kalat, iii, 41
supersedes Tus, iii, 83
informs Kai Khusrau about
Farud and the defeat of
the Iranians, iii, 83
sends Bizhan for Kawa's
standard, iii, 92
Iranian watchman and, iii,
136 seq.
meets Fariburz, iii, 163
Rustam, iii, 171
warns Rustam not to trust
Firan, iii, 212
sends Ruhham to help Rus-
tam, iii, 227
praises Rustam, iii, 248
steed of, iii, 313
goes to welcome Rustam,
iii, 353
sent to invade Tiiran by Kai
Khusrau, iv, 13
ordered to negotiate with
Piran, iv, 13
negotiations failing, marches
from Raibad to meet
Piran, iv, 22
arrays his host, iv, 24
gives the right wing to
Faribur;:, iv, 24
baggage to Hajir, iv, 24
left wing to Ruhham, iv,
24
rear to Giv, iv, 24
posts a watchman on the
mountain-top, iv, 23
takes his station at the cen-
tre, iv, 24
2G6
GENERAL INDEX
Gudarz, counsels Bizhan as to
his fight with Human,
iv, 41
over-rules Giv's objections,
iv, ^^
rewards Bizhan, iv, 52
prepares to resist a night-
attack, iv, 53
gives a force to Bizhan, iv,
54
joins battle with Piran,
iv, 55
writes to Kai Khusrau, iv,
56
sends Hajir with the letter,
iv, 57
receives Kai Khusrau 's
reply, iv, 62
prepares to renew the fight,
iv, 63
receives Ruin with a letter
from Piran, iv, 67
entertains Ruin, iv, 68
dismisses Riiin with pre-
sents and the reply to
Piran 's letter, iv, 74
prepares for the flank-attack
of Lahhak and Farshid-
ward, iv, 82
sends Hajir with orders to
Gfv, iv, 82
harangues the host, iv, 89
resolves to fight in person,
iv, 90, 92, 96
gives the left wing to Far-
had, iv, 92
right wing to Katmara, iv,
rear to Shidush, iv, 92
chief command to Gusta-
ham, iv, 92
instructs Gustaham, iv, 92
holds a parley with Piran
and arranges with him the
Battle of the Eleven
Rukhs, iv, 95 seq.
slays Piran's steed, iv, 107
pursues Piran, iv, 108
calls on Piran to surrender,
iv, 108
Piran wounds, iv, 108
Gudarz, slays Piran, iv, 109
drinks Piran's blood, iv, 109
sends Ruiiham to fetch
Piran's corpse, iv, no
harangues the host, iv, no
resumes his command, iv,
III
calls for volunteers to pursue
Lahhak and Farsh'dward
iv, 116
sends Gustaham, iv, 117
Bizhan to help Gustaham,
iv, 119
comes before Kai Khusrau
with the other champions,
iv, 126
receives Ispahan, iv, 129
commands the left wing, iv,
147
takes part in the assault on
Gang-bihisht, iv, 208
left in command at Gang-
bihisht, iv, 219
Giv and, meet Hum, iv, 263
hear of Hum's adventure
with Afrasiyab, iv, 263
gives Kai Khusrau and Kai
Kaus tidings of Afrasiyab,
iv, 264
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles
for refusing audience, iv,
275
takes counsel with other
nobles, iv, 277
sends Giv to summon Zal
and Rustam, iv, 278
goes with other chiefs to
meet Zal and Rustam, iv,
282
audience of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 283 seq.
holds, witli other chiefs, at
the bidding of Kai Khus-
rau, an assembly on the
])lain, iv, 291 seq.
Kai Khusrau 's charge to, iv,
294
gift to, iv, 295
asks Kai Kiiusrau for a
patent for Ciiv, iv, 298
GENERAL INDEX
267
Giklarz, goes with Kai Khiisrau
on his jiilgriinago, iv, 30O
turns liatk at the bidding
t)[ Kai Khusrau, iv, 307
laments tiie loss of the pala-
dins, iv, 310, 312
returns to frin, iv, 310
promises fealty to Luhrdsp,
iv, 312
grantlsons of, go with Zarir
to l^um, iv, 360
hail Gushtasp as Shdh, iv,
362
Gudarz, Ashkdnian king, vi, 197,
210
Gudarzians, descendants of
CU'idarz son of Kishwad,
iii, 108, 115, 200, 214
Gular, place, vi, 206
Gulgiin (bright-bay), steed of
Gudarz, iii, 366
steed of Luhrasp, v, 64
steed of Bahram Giir, vii, 57
Gulshahr, wife of Piran, ii, 269,
276. 2S8, 387, 390
prepares Jarira's wedding
outfit, ii, 270
presents gifts to Farangis,
ii. 275
announces the birth of Kai
Khusrau to Piran, ii, 326
referred to, ii, 3S3
Gulzaryiin, river in Turkistan
(Jaxartes), ii, 358, 381 ;
iv, 187, i8g, 190, 218, 219;
vii, 329, 340, 360
Gulndr, slave-girl of Ardawan,
vi, 217
meaning of, vi, 217 note
intrigue of, with Ardshir
PapakAn, vi, 217 seq.
reports the presage of the
astrologers to Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 219
fiees with Ardshir Papakan
to Pars, vi, 220
Gumbadan, mount and strong-
hold, V, 29, 86, 152, 171,
177, 206 ; ix, 93
situation of, v, 30
Asfaiuliyar warded at, v, 84
Gund-i-ShApur (Shdpur Gird, Rds
Shai)i'ir, Kand-i-Slu'ipiir,
Jund-i-Shapi'ir), city in
Khuzistan, north-west of
Shuslitar and now rrpre-
sentcd by the ruins of
Shahdbad, vi, 295 ; vii,
219, 276
built for Roman captives,
vi, 295
Mani-gate of, vi, 327
Niishzad imprisoned at,
vii, 264 and note
Gur (Jur, Zur, Firiizabad), city
in Pars, south of Shiraz,
vi, 199, 205, 229 note, 230,
245
Giir, nickname of Bahram son of
Yazdagird, vii, 6
Noldeke on, vii, 6
Giiran, king of Kirman, iv,
146
Guraz (Shahrbaraz, Farayin
q.v.), general of Khusrau
Parwiz and Shah, 1^4,
I'PS, viii, 194, 408, 409
seq. ; ix, 44
conspires with Farrukhzad,
viii 408
invites Caesar to take fran,
viii, 408
rebels, viii, 411 ; ix, 45
letters of, ix, 45, 46
letter of Piruz to, ix, 47
account of, ix, 50
meaning of, ix, 50
dual personality of, ix,
50
marches on Taisafun, ix,
51
confers with Iranian mag-
nates, ix, 51
misrule of, ix, 53
conspiracy against, ix, 54
goes hunting, ix, 55
end of, ix, 55
Guriz, son of Mahwi,
referred to, ix, 107, 115
governor of Marv, ix, 120
put to death with his sons,
ix, 120
268
GENERAL INDEX
Gurdza, Iranian hero, i^i, ii,
73, 340 ; iii, 20, 25, 34, 45,
48, 92, 129, 141. -253 ; iv,
15. 24, 34
takes king of Barbar prison-
er, ii, 97
takes part in the Fight of the
Seven Warriors, ii, 107
seq.
encampment of, described,
ii. 155
goes witli Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
fights with Farshidward, iv,
87
chosen to fight with Siya-
mak, iv, 97
slays Siyamak, iv, 100
Gurazm (Kavarazem), a relative
of Gushtasp, 155, V, 12,
22, 53, 99, loi, 102, 104
seq., 171, 205, 261
envies Asfandiyar, v, 78
death of, referred to, v, 97
Asfandiyar addresses the
corpse of, v, 105
Gurdafrid, daughter of Gazhda-
ham, 14-f, ii, 119, 138
referred to, ii, 131
encounter of, with Suhrab,
ii, 132 seq.
beguiles Suhrab, ii, 133 seq.
Gurdgir, son of Afrasiyab, ii,
92
commands the troops from
Tartary, Khallukh, and
Balkh, iv, 156
Gurdwi, brother of Bahram
Chubina, lys, 174, viii,
74, 202, 205, 206, 231,
293. 295, 296, 298, 342,
349. 354. 358 ; ix, 6
a legitimist, viii, 74
Gustaham and, persuade
Khusrau Parwiz not to
make a night-attack, viii,
224
takes charge of baggage,
viii, 228
Bahram Chubina writes to,
viii, 285
Gurdwi, fights with Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 294
receives province, viii, 313
informs Khusrau Parwiz of
Gurdya's doings, viii, 356
writes to, and sends Khus-
rau Parwiz' letter to,
Gurdya, viii, 360
wife of, goes with letters to
Clurdya, viii, 360
hears of the plight of Kai
and informs Gurdya, viii,
367
Gurdya, sister of Bahram Chu-
bina, 171, 173, 174, ii,
119; viii, 74, 104 note,
187, 191, 347, seq., 358
365 ; ix, 6
a legitimist, viii, 74
present at council, viii, 164
speech of, viii, 165, 167,
171
referred to, viii, 221
counsels Bahram Chiil)ina,
viii, 221
laments Bahram Chubina,
viii, 340
resident at Marv, viii, 346
seq.
informs her followers of the
Khan's offer of marriage,
viii, 349
starts for fran, viii, 351
parleys with Tuwurg, viii,
352 , ...
arrives at Amwi, viu, 354
doings of reported to 1-Chus-
rau Parwiz, viii, 356, 358
met by Gustaham, viii, 356
asked in marriage by Gusta-
ham, vhi, 357
receives letters from Khus-
rau Parwiz and Gurdwi,
viii, 360
plots murder of Gustaham,
viii, 360
justifies murder of Gusta-
ham, viii, 361
reports death of Gustaham
to Khusrau Parwiz, viii,
361
GENERAL IXDICX
2<ig
Gurdya, dresses up as a warrior
to please Khusrau Parvviz,
viii, 363
prowess of, in drinking,
viii, 364
appointed overseer of royal
bower, viii, 364
diverts Khusrau Parwiz and
saves Rai, viii, 368
Gurgdn (Hyrcania), province
watered by the Atrak and
Gurgan rivers on the
south-eastern shores of
the Caspian, 168, iv, 61 ;
vi, 373 ; vii, 89, 237, 337,
338, 357. 358, 361 ; viii,
15. 3.55 ; ix, 8y
Abu'l Kisim of. See Abii'l
Kasim.
Gurganj, one of the two capitals
of Kharazm (Kat (Kath)
being the other), situated
on the Persian side of the
Oxus, iv, 60
Gurgin, son of Milad, Iranian
hero, 150. 151, ii, 33, 35,
62, 70, 73, 85, 90, 127,
138, 144,316, 340. 394; iii.
II, 12, 19, 20, 25, 48, 108,
115, 126, 145, 182, 211,
253, 264, 268. 273, 285,
289, 292, 294 seq., 300,
305, 310 seq., 322, 323,
331 seq., 345, 346, 352 ;
iv, 13, 15, 21, 24, 147,
191, 292 ; viii, 72, 211, 216
takes part in the Fight of
the Seven Warriors, ii,
107 seq.
undertakes embassage to
Afrasiyab, iii, 29
goes with letter from Kai
Khusrau to Rustam, iii,
^74
accompanies Bizhan to Ir-
m4n, iii, 292
refuses to help Bizhan
against the wild boars,
iii, 293
envies and beguiles Bizhan,
iii, 294
Gurgin, goes with Bizhan in
quest of Manizha, iii, 296
searches for Bizhan, iii, 310
finds Bizhan's steed, iii, 311
questioned by Giv about
Bizhan, iii, 312
false account of, about Biz-
han's disappearance, iii,
313
Giv's wrath with, iii, 314
appears before Kai Khusrau,
iii, 316
imprisoned, iii, 317
appeals to Rustam, iii, 331
released, iii, 333
goes with Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
pardoned by Bizhan, iii, 346
opposes Lahhak, iv, 83
chosen to fight Andariman,
iv, 97
slays Andariman, iv, 104
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles
for refusing audience, iv,
283 seq.
audience of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 283 seq.
Gurgsar, tribe, v, 43 and note
Gurgsar, Turanian hero, Jj6, v,
117, 131 seq., 146, 233
note
made captain of the host by
Arjasp, V, 46
given command of one wing,
V, 56
persuades Arjasp to remain
and fight Asfandiyar, v,
108, 109
made leader of the host, v,
109
taken prisoner by Asfandi-
yar, V, I I I
offers to guide Asfandiyar to
the Brazen Hold, v, 113
goes as guide with Asfandi-
yar to Ti'iran, v, 120
offered the kingdom of the
Turkmans by Asfandiyar
in return for faithful ser-
vice, V, 120
270
GENERAL INDEX
Gurgsar, describes the route to
the Brazen Hold, and the
Seven Stages, v, 120 seq.,
124 seq., 128, 132, 134
chagrin of, at Asfandiyar's
successes, v, 124, 128,
131. 133
reproached by Asfandiyar
for giving false informa-
tion, V, 139, 140
offered the captainship of
the Brazen Hold by
Asfandiyar in return for
trusty guidance, v, 140
shows the Iranians a ford,
v, 140
questioned by Asfandiyar
for the last time, v, 141
curses Asfandiyar, v, 141
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 141
Giirkan (Juzjan), city and dis-
trict between Marvrud
and Balkh, iv, 65
Gurkils, tribe (?), viii, 15
Gurukhan, Iranian hero, iv, 149
Gurwi, Turanian hero, 145, 151,
152, ii, 296, 314, 319, 338,
340 ; iii, 197, 199, 237 ;
iv, 7, 99, III, 252 ; v,
272
challenees and is overthrown
by Siyawush, ii, 295
advocates the execution of
Siyawush, ii, 317
carries out the execution of
Siyawush, ii, 320
chosen to fight with Giv, iv,
97
taken prisoner by Giv, iv,
100
brought by Giv before Kai
Khusrau, iv, 127
executed, iv, 129
Gurzban, vi, 394. See Gurkan.
Gushasp, sacred Fire, vi, 201
Gushasp, chief scribe, temp.
Bahram Gi'ir, vii, 11
bidden to remit the arrears
of taxes, vii, 1 1
Gushasp, noncc-namc assume I
by Bahram Giir, \ii, 59
seq.
Gushasp, nonce-name assumed
by Bahram (jiir, vii, 59
seq.
Gush-bistar, a savage, vi, 80, 177
meaning of, vi, 177 note
interview of, with Sikandar,
vi, 177
Gushtasp (Vistaspa, Vishtasp,
Hystaspe?'), son of Luh-
rasp, father of Asfandi-
yar, and Sh^h, 154-1^7,
i, 42, 61 ; ii, 3, 9 ; iii,
109; iv, 314 seq, 334
seq., V, 24 seq., 61, 68, go,
92 seq., 103 seq., 119, 130,
148, 154. 155, 159, 166
seq., 180, 181, 183, 205,
206, 208 seq., 213, 216,
220, 221, 233 note, 243,
248 seq., 281, 289, 293 ;
vi, 20, 49, 55, 200, 213,
251, 252, 258 ; vii, 359 ;
viii, 41, 68, 95, 148, 213,
270, 392, 393 ; ix, 25
son of Luhrasp, iv, 318
jealousy of, respecting the
grandsons of Kai Kaiis,
iv. 318
asks Luhrasp to appoint him
heir to the crown, iv, 318
departs in wrath for Hind,
iv, 319
arrives at Kabul, iv, 320
overtaken by Zarir, iv, 320
takes counsel with the
chiefs, iv, 321
returns to Luhrasp, iv, 322
pardoned by Luhrasp, iv,32 2
determines to quit Iran, iv,
3-^3
takes a steed of Luhrasp's,
iv, 323
story of, in Rum, ii, 10 ;
iii, 285 ; iv, 324 seq.
interview of with Hishwi,
iv, 324
'The Hystaspes of legend not necessarily the father of Darius I. Sic Vol. iv,
P 314 seq-
CliSERAL l.MJliX
2 71
GushtAsp, vainly seeks work in
Rum as a scribe, iv, 325
herdsman, iv, 326
camel-driver, iv, 326
blacksmith, iv, 327
dreamed of by Katayiin, iv,
goes to Caesar's palace, iv,
330
chosen for her husband by
Katayun, iv, 330
marries Katayun, iv, 331
spends his time in the chase,
iv, 33^
makes friends with Hi'shwi,
iv, 332 and note
asked by Hishwi to under-
take the adventure of the
wolf of Faskun, iv, 335
undertakes to slay the wolf
of Faskun, iv, 336
provided with steed and
arms by Mirin, iv, 336
goes with Mirin and Hishwi
to the forest of Faskun,
iv, 337
prays for help, iv, 337
gives thanks for his victory,
iv, 338
• takes the wolf's tusks, iv,
338
•welcomed by Hishwi and
Mirin on his return, iv,
339
discovers to Katayun his
royal race, iv, 340
referred to, iv, 343 seq.
asked by Hishwi to under-
take the adventure of the
dragon of Mount Sakila,
iv, 31.5
bids A bran provide a steed,
sword, and other arms,
iv, 345
goes with Ahran and Hish-
wi to Mount Sakila, iv,
346
takes two of the dragon's
teeth, iv, 346
gives thanks for his victory,
iv. 347
Gushtasp, welcomed by Hishwi
and Ahran on his return,
iv, 347
accepts gifts from Ahran
and bestows part upon
Hishwi, iv, 347
returns to Katayun, iv, 348
goes to the sports on
Csesar's riding-ground, iv,
349
prowess of, at polo and
archery, iv, 350
questioned by Ca;sar, iv, 350
reproaches Caesar for his
treatment of Katayun, iv,
350
claim of, to have slain the
wolf and the dragon, iv,
351
confirmed by Hishwi, iv,
351
reconciled to Caesar, iv, 351
goes to court and is received
witli honour by Ctcsar,
iv, 351
consulted about Ilyas by
Ca;sar, iv, 353
leads forth the host, iv, 354
refuses the overtures of
Ilyas, iv, 354
brings the body of Ilyas to
Caesar, iv, 356
routs the host of Ilyas, iv,
356
returns in triumph to Caesar,
iv, 356
recognised by Zarir, iv, 360
goes to Zarir's camp, iv, 361
hears of Luhrasp's abdi-
cation in his favour, iv,
362
saluted as Shah by the
chiefs, iv, 362
invites Caesar to a feast, iv,
362
sets out for Tran with Kata-
yun, iv, 364
parts in good will from
Caesar, iv, 364
welcomed and crowned by
Luhrisp, iv, 36^
272
GENERAL INDEX
Gushtasp, Reiga of, 154, v, 9 seq.
Notes on, v, g seq., 116 seq.,
166 seq., 260 seq.
division of, v, 9
points of interest in, v, 9
compared with that of
Darius Hystaspis, v, 10
diagram to illustrate, v.ay
legend of Zarduhsht and, v,
18
black horse of, v, 18, 28
sees his place in Paradise, v,
19
Ridge of, V, 29
succeeds Luhrasp as Shah,
sons of, V, 32
pays yearly tribute to Ar-
jasp, V, 32
converted by Zarduhsht, v,
33
helps to spread the Faith,
V. 34
establishes Mihr Barzin and
other Fire-fanes, v, 34
conversion of, recorded on
Cypress of Kishmar, v, 34
advised by Zarduhsht not
to pay tribute to Arjasp,
V, 35
receives embassage from
Arj4sp and takes counsel
with his chiefs, v, 41
sends answer to Arjasp, v, 43
summons the host, v, 47
marches against Arjasp, v,
48
bids Jamasp foretell the
issue of the fight, v, 48
distress of, at Jamasp's
proi)hecy, v, 53
encouraged to fight by
Jamasp, v, 54
gives Zarir the standard and
the command of the cen-
tre, V, 55
one wing to As!"andiyar,
V, 55
other winsj to Shidasp, v,
55
the rear to Nastur, v, 55
Gusht'jsp, takes up his position
on a height, v, 55, 56, 63
referred to, v, 60, 64 seq.,
89
hears of the death of Zari'r,
V, 64
wishes to avenge Zan'r, v,
64, 68
dissuaded by Jamasp, v, 64,
69
offers his daughter Humai
to the avenger of Zarir,
V, 64
crown and throne to the
avenger of Zarir, v, 66
gives his steed and arms to
Nastur, v, 69
sees and laments over Zarir's
corpse, V, 73
bids Nastur lead the host
home, V, 74
marries J-Iumai to Asfandi-
yar, v, 74
gives Nastur a command
and bids him invade
Turan, v, 74
rewards the host, v, 75
builds a Fire-fane and makes
Jamasp its arch mage, v,
75
Mansion of, v, 75
writes to his governors to
announce the defeat of
Arjasp, V, 75
receives embassies and tri-
bute from Caesar and from
the kings of Barbaristan,
Hind, and Sind, v, 75
makes Asfandiyar chief
ruler of Iran and sends
him to convert the world,
V, 76
sends the Zandavasta to
each clime, v, 77
Gurazm slanders Asfandiyar
to, v, 78
sends Jamisp I0 recall As-
fandiyar to court, V, 80
convokes an assembly and
arraigns Asfandiyar, v,
82 seq.
GENERAL INDEX
273
Gushtasp, puts Asfandiyar in
bonds, V, 84
sends Asfandiyar to Gum-
badan, v, 84
takes the Zandavasta to
Si'stan, V, 85
welcomed by Rustam and
Zal, V, 85
kings revolt from, v, 85
while in Sistin hears from
his wife of the sack of
Balkh and the captivity
of his daughters, v, 93
calls together his chiefs and
summons the host, v, 94
marches from Sistan toward
Balkh, V, 94
takes command of the cen-
tre, V, 94
thirty-eight sons of, slain,
and defeat of, in fight
with Arjasp, v, 95, 96
takes refuge on a mountain,
V, 96, lOO
consults Jamasp, v, 96
sends Jamasp to Asfandiyar
with the offer of the crown
in return for help, v,
97
interview of, with, and pro-
mise to resign the crown
to, Asfandiyar, v, 106
commands the centre, v, 109
makes thanksgiving for vic-
tory, V, 113
promises to resign the crown
to Asfandiyar when he
has delivered his sisters
from captivity, v, 114
summons troops, rewards
Asfandiyar, and sends
him to invade Tiirdn, v,
115
hears of Asfandiydr's suc-
cess and writes to him, v,
160
gives a banquet on Asfan-
diyar 's return, v, 164
consults Jamasp and the
astrologers on Asfandi-
yar's future, v, 168
VOL, IX.
Gusht4sp, Asfandiyar recounts
his deeds to, v, 170 seq.
promises to resign the throne
to Asfandiyar when he
has brought Rustam and
his kin in bonds to court,
V. 173, 174
Asfandiyar sends the corpses
of Niish Azar and Mihr-i-
Niish, and a message to,
V, 232
Asfandiyar's last message to,
V, 249
hears of Asfandiyar's death
and laments for him, v,
252
wrath of the nobles with, v,
252
reproached by Bishutan, v,
253
Humai and Bih Afrid, v,
254
Rustam's overtures to, v,
256
Bishutan testifies in Rus-
tam's favour to, v, 257
reconciled, and writes, to
Rustam, v, 257
advised by Jamasp to write
to Bahman, v, 258
writes to Rustam and Bah-
man to recall the latter,
V, 258
welcomes and gives Bahman
the name Ardshir, v, 259
tells Jamasp of his wishes
as to the succession, v, 279
dies, V, 280
Gustaham, son of Naudar and
brother of Tus, i, 90 ; ii,
127, 336 ; iv, 194
Tus and, sent by Naudar
to conduct the Persian
women to Alburz, i, 351,
353
hear of Naudar's death, i,
364
passed over in the suc-
cession, i, 369, 370
Kai Khusrau sends troops
to succour, iv, 157
S
274
GENERAL INDEX
Gustaham, son of Naudar, at-
tacks the Turanians, iv, 178
sent to Chach with troops,
iv, 188
reports his defeat of Khur-
akhan, iv, 193
takes part in the assault on
Gang-bihisht, iv, 208
left in command of Gang-
bihisht, iv, 238
goes to welcome Kai Khus-
rau on his return from
Gang-dizh, iv, 252
left behind as viceroy on Kai
Khusrau's return to Iran,
iv. 254
Gustaham, son of Gazhdaham,'
Iranian hero, 152, i, 369 ;
ii, 12, 58, 107; iii, 19, 25,
33. 45. 48. 59, 92, 93. 127,
129. 139, 141. 211, 247,
248, 253, 273, 289, 294,
322, 350; iv, 7, 13, 15,
24. 33. 93, 132 seq., 149,
191, 292
takes part in the Fight of
the Seven Warriors, ii,
107 seq.
friendship of, for Bizhan,
iii. 15
lends Bizhan a steed, iii, 60
mounts behind Bizhan, iii,
95
attacks Bidad, iii, 244
sends Bizhan to summon
Rustam, iii, 245
goes with Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
fights with Andariman, iv,
87
made commander in chief
pro tent, vice Gudarz, iv,
- ?~
Gudarz instructs, iv, 92
resigns his command to
Gudarz, iv, 1 1 1
volunteers to pursue Lahhak
and Farshidward, iv, n6
wounded, iv, 123
'This is assumed in a\\ cases where it
CJ. Vol. i, p. 369.
Gustaham, son of Gazhdaham,
rescued by Bizhan, iv,
124 seq.
healed by Kai Khusrau, iv,
133
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles
for refusing audience, iv,
275
audience of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 283 seq.
Kai Khusrau's gifts to, iv,
295
sets out with Kai Khusrau
on his pilgrimage, iv, 306
refuses to turn back when
bidden by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 307
Kai Khusrau farewells and
warns, and his comrades,
iv, 308
disappears and is sought
in vain by, and his
comrades, iv, 308
end of, iv, 309
Gustaham, Iranian warrior, temp.
Yazdagird son of Shapur,
vi, 394
lions of, slain by Bahram
Giir, vi, 410
Bahram Gur's commander-
in-chief, vii, 85
Gustaham (Bistam q.v.),
maternal uncle of Khus-
rau Parwiz, I-/I-I/4, viii,
199, 200, 202, 204 seq.,
227, 228, 231, 25.5, 257,
259. 269, 282, 289, 293,
295, 298 ; ix, 4, 6
imprisonment of, viii, 77, 17b
Bandwi and, escape and
revolt, viii, 182
informs Khusrau Parwiz of
the blinding of Hurmuzd,
viii, 184
referred to, viii, 189
revolt of, viii, 191, 355
saves Khusrau Parwiz from
Turk, viii, 220
is doubtful wbigh Gus(aliani is me^nt.
GENERAL INDEX
275
Gustaham (Bistdm), Gurdwi and,
dissuade Khusrau Parwiz
from making a night-
attack, viii, 224
treasurer, viii, 229 and note
accompanies Khusrau Par-
•wiz in his flight, viii,
231
turns back and murders
Hurmuzd, viii, 232
rejoins Khusrau Parwi'z, viii,
233
Khusrau Parwiz warned
against, viii, 255, 256
deceived by Caesar's talis-
man, viii, 272
praised by Caesar, viii, 279
Bahram Chiibina writes to,
viii, 285
chooses comrades for Khus-
rau Parwiz in battle, viii,
296
receives Khurasan viii, 313
summoned to court, viii, 355
hears of execution of Band-
wi, viii, 355
hears of Gurdya's doings,
viii, 356
goes to meet Gurdya, viii,
356
asks Gurdya in marriage,
viii, 357
Gurdya plots murder of,
viii, 360
intimates of, beheaded, viii,
370
assassination of, referred to,
ix, 16, 104
Gutschmid, Alfred von, on the
Cyrus legend in Ctesias,
vi, 195
Guzihr, Tribal King, vi, 198, 199
H
Habash (Ethiopia), 160, vi, 149
people of, encountered by
Sikandar, vi, 149
Haftanbukht. See Haftwad.
Haft Khan, ii, 29
Haft Khwdn, ii, 29 ; v, 117 and
note
of Rustara and Asfandiyar
compared, v, 1 1 7
M4n, ii, 29
Haftwdd (Haftanbukht, Asta-
wadh). Tribal King, 161,
vi, 199
account of, in Tabari, vi,
205
daughter of, vi, 205, 206,
233. 234
becomes guardian of the
Worm, vi, 236
Noldeke and Darmestcter
on, vi, 206
son of, vi, 206
helps his father against
Ardshir Papakan, vi,
236
Story of, 161, vi, 232 seq.
seven sons of, vi, 233, 235
rise to power of, vi, 235
builds, and migrates to, a
stronghold, vi, 235
Ardshir Papakan and, vi,
236 seq.
slain by Ardshir Papakan,
vi, 245
Haital, Ilaitalians, country and
people (White Huns),
dwelling north of the
Oxus, 166, 168, vii, 6,
153, 161. 164, 171, 174,
181, 187. 197, 340, 342,
390 ; viii, 45, 242, 329.
370. 377
origin and scat of, i, 19,
20
confused with the Turks,
vii, 4
Bahram Giir's defeat of. vii,
4
help Piriiz, vii, 156, 157
Piruz's expedition against,
vii, 159, 164 seq.
tradition of, vii, 160
king of, vii, lOo, 184
helps Kubad, vii, 198
Kubcid's flight to, vii, 170,
184, 198
276
GENERAL INDEX
Haital Haitalians, Niishirwan's
alliance with the Khan
against, vii, 317
Khan's war with, vii, 328 seq.
Khan's embassy to Niishir-
wan destroyed by, vii, 330
host of, levied to oppose the
Khan, vii, 331
defeated, vii, 332
Niishirwan's help sought by,
vii, 33^
Faghanish made king by,
vii, 333
Niishfrwan takes counsel
concerning, vii, 333 334,
make submission to Niish-
irwan, vii, 360
Ha'iy, son of Kutiba, governor
of Tiis and a patron of
Firdausi, i, 35, 39
Hajir, Iranian hero, 144, 151, ii,
134, 136, 140, 349 ; iv,
103, 147, 191
taken prisoner by Suhrab,
ii, 131
misleads Suhrab, ii, 152 seq.
life of, attempted by Rus-
tam, ii, 176
attacks Bidad, iii, 244
put in charge of the bag-
gage, iv, 24
bears letters from Gudarz
to Kai Khusrau, , iv, 57
rewarded by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 58
bears Kai Khusrau's reply
to Gudarz, iv, 61, 62
goes with orders to Giv, iv,
82, 83
slays Andariman's horse,
iv, 87
chosen to fight with Sipah-
ram, iv, 97
slays Sipahram, iv, 104
Halab (Chalybon - Beroea,
Aleppo), city in northern
Syiia, iv, 359, 360 ; viii,
41. 46, 47
Ilalai (Olympia (?), Nahid),
daughter, in legend, of
Philip II of Macedon, vi,i9
Halai, reason for her repudiation
by Darab and her naming
her son Iskandar (Sikan-
dar), vi, 19
Halai-Sandarus. See Halai.
Hamadan (Ekbatana), city in
'Irak-i-'Ajami, vi, 31 ; vii,,
6 ; viii, 178, 189 ; ix, 68
Hamavaran (Yaman), south-
western Arabia, 143, ii,
25, 78 seq., 94, 96 seq.,
139, 143 seq., 213, 215,
218, 250 ; iv, 296, 299; V,
174, 207, 208, 220 ; viii,
104, 168
king of, 143, i, 338 ; ii, 85
seq., 93, 207 and note ; v,
176
asks quarter of Rustam,
ii, 97
releases Kai Kaiis, ii, 97
Hamawan, mountain, 148, iii,
^37. 13S,
154. 158,
169, 172,
v, 116
by the
14-^, 144.
161, 164,
177; iv.
fi
ranians.
135,
153.
167,
299
occupied
iii, 132
Hamdan Gashasp, Iranian chief,
viii, 122, 163, 204
speech of, viii, 166
Hamza, of Ispahan, tenth cen-
tury Arabic historian, vi,
257
Handgrip, as test of strength, ii,
64, 66, 67 ; V, 208
Hani bin Mas'ud, Arab chief,
viii, 190
Haoma. See Homa.
= Hum, q.v.
Haraiti Bareza (Alburz, q.v.),
mountain, iv, 137
Hardm, the environs of Mecca,
vi, 65, 120 and note,
121
Haram, of Khusrau Parwiz, ix,
4- 5
Harat, city in north-western
Afghanistan, ii, loi ; iii,
222 ; viii, 71, 92, no,
116, 117, 130, 173
GENERAL INDEX
77
Harat, early scat of Aryan civili-
zation, i, 7
battle of, i, 21
Firdansi flees to, from Mah-
111 ud, i, 39
desert of, ii, 228; viii, 114
marchlord of. See Makh.
bestowed by Mahwi on his
son, ix, 115
Harts, father of Kais, viii, 250
Harith, father of Nadr, q.v., v,
166
Harith bin Jabala, prince of the
Ghassanians, vii, 217
protected by Justinian, vii,
217
war of, with Munzir, vii, 217
Harpagus, Persian noble, temp.
Astyages, ii, 190
= Piran in legend, ii, 191
Harum (City of Women), 160, vi,
73, 153 seq.
visited by Sikandar, vi, 153
seq.
Sikandar's correspondence
with the ruler of, vi, 153
seq.
Harunu'r-Rashid, Khalifa (A.D.
786-809), i, 14
Hariit, angel, iii, 286, 288
' Harvest of Bahram,' viii, 292
Hasan Sabbah (The Old Man of
the Mountain), v, 30
Hashim, Arab general, ix, 68
sent by 'Umar in pursuit of
Yazdagird, ix, 68
wins battle of Jalula, ix, 68
takes Hulwan, ix, 68
Hashimi, a descendant of Hashim
the great grandfather of
Muhammad, i, 25 ; vi, 362
and note
Hashiniite = Muhammad, ix, 81
and note
Hcishish, murderer of Darius
Codomanus, vi, 32
Hatra (Al Hadr), city, vi, 321
seq.
account of, vi, 322
besieged, vi, 322
fall of, legend of, vi, 322
Hatra, king of, vi, 323
Haug, his theory of the origin of
Zoroastrianism, ii, 8
Hauz, tank or pool, i, 203 and
note, vii, 50 and tiotc
Hawk, hawks, domestication of,
by Tahmuras, i, 126
two white, Kai Kubad's
dream of, i, 385
Hawking. See Falconry.
Hay, sack of, Bahram Chiibina
and the, viii, 109
Hazar, Hazaran, Turanian hero,
v, 24, 56, 59
Hazara, father of Iviit, viii, 291
Hecataeus, Greek historian (6th-
5th centuries B.C.), vi, 13
Helenopolis, city in Bithynia, vi,
61
Heraclius, Eastern Roman Em-
peror (A.D. 610-642), V,
306 note ; viii, 187, 191 ;
ix, 5. 7
attempts of, for peace with
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 194,
195
takes Dastagird, viii, 194
retreat of, viii, 195, 196
Shirwi's letter to, ix, 7
alliance of, with Shahrbaraz,
ix, 43, 44
Hermit, Khusrau Parwiz and the
172, viii, 254
Herodotus, Greek historian (B.C.
484-425). ii. 9 ; iii, 191 ;
vi, 13, 16, 68, 72, 73 ; viii,
193
legend of Cyrus the Great in,
ii, 190 ; vi, 195
Heroes, chief, of mixed descent,
i. 55
Vale of, vii, 6
Hesperides, Garden of the, vi,
Hierapolis. See Arayish-i-Riim.
High priest, temp. Shapur son of
Urmuzd, vi, 343 seq.
hears of Shapur's return, vi,
344
informs the captain of the
host, vi, 345
278
GENERAL INDEX
Hijaz, north-western Arabia,
viii, 24 and note, 66, 67
Hilal, Arab, ix, 69
slayer of Rustam son of
Farrukh-Hurmuzd, ix, 70
Himalaya (Himavat), mountain-
range dividing India from
Thibet, vi, 74, 81
Himavat. S.'e above.
Himyar — Hamavaran (Yaman),
ii, 79
Hind, Hindustan, 14-;, J59, 161,
165, i6g, i, 231, 261 ; ii,
92, 228, 287, 289 ; iii, 30,
152, 164, 165, 177, 204,
221, 222, 235, 237, 238,
242 ; iv, 14, 60, 65. 133,
196, 208, 272, 317, 320 ;
V, 76, 188, 257, 262, 265,
277 ; vi, 80, 81, 91, 98
and passiin
land of sorcerers, i, 163
Mai of, i, 252
king of (Shangul) temp. Kai
Khusrau, iii, 162, 210,
218, 251
temp. Bahram Gur, vii,
113, 119, 126, 128
temp. Niishirwan, viii, 52
lord of = Shangul, iii, 187
man of = Shangul, iii, 216
prince of, iv, 71
lord of = Mahmud, iv, 142
monarch of, iv, 319, 321
kings of, send tiibute to
Gushtasp, iv, 75
ambassadors from, come
to Darab, vi, 21
Dara, vi, 35
ruler of = Fur, vi, 51
Sikandar invades, vi, 98
silk of, vi, 99
king of=Kaid, vi, 103
Sikandar becomes king of,
vi, 118
people of, help the Sindians
against Sikandar, vi, 175
Raja of, i6g. See Raja.
Bahr4m Gur's visit to, vii,
5, no seq.
motive of, vii, 5
Hind, Rahram Gur"s visit to,
fabulous, vii, 6
king of, entertained by
Bahram Gur, vii, 140
seq.
Nushfrwan goes to, vii, 241
Hindiya (Amida ?), city in
Roman Armenia, vii, 200
taken by Kubad, vii, 200
Hindu Kush, mountain-range in
Afghanistan, ii, 80
Hindustani, vii, 6
Gipsy language a debased
form of, vii, 6
Hiong-Nu, probably the Huns, v,
13
Hira, city west of the Euphrates
near Mashad 'Ali (Nedjef),
vi, 372; vii, 217; viii,
188, 191 ; ix, 5, 66
seat of the dynasty of Al
Munzir, i, 55
kingdom of, ix, 65
abolished by Khusrau
Parwiz, ix, 66
attacked by Persians, ix, 67
Hira (Jebel Niir), mountain
north of Mecca, viii, 42
Hirbad, keeper of the women's
house of Kai Kaiis, ii, 202,
206
Hirmund (Helmund), river in
Sistan in eastern Iran, i,
358,359; iii, 321 ; V, 178,
182, 186, 191, 196, 219,
285
referred to, v, 198, 231
Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn
Al-Kalbi, Arabic historian
(Sth-gth centuries A.D.),
vi, 30 ; viii, 73
Hishwi, Riiman toll-collector,
iv, 334 seq.
interview of, with Gushtasp,
iv, 324
becomes friends with Gush-
t4sp, iv, 332
asks Gushtasp, on behalf of
Mirin, to undertake the
adventure of the wolf of
Fdskun, iv, 335
GENERAL INDEX
279
Hishwi, goes with Gushtasp and
Mirin to the forest of
Fdskun, iv, 337
Mirin and, welcome Gush-
t^p on his return, iv, 339
asks GushtAsp, on behalf of
Ahraii, to undertake the
adventure of tlie dragon
of Mount Sakila, iv, 344
goes with Gushtasp and
Ahran to Mount Sakila,
iv, 346
Ahran and, welcome Gush-
tasp on his return, iv, 347
receives gifts from Gush-
tasp, iv, 348
confirms Gusht^sp's claim
to have slain the wolf and
dragon, and produces
their teeth to Cjesar, iv,
351
-Hittite, Hittites, vi, 71
empire, vi, 71
Hiuen Tsiang, Chinese traveller
(A.D. 603-668), vi, 63
quoted, vi, 63, 73
Hoibaras, Persian slave, temp.
Astyages, vi, 195
Hold, The Brazen. See Brazen
Hold.
Holy Ghost, the, vi, 13S and note
Holy Questions, Mountain of the,
i, 62
Homa (Soma), a plant held
sacred by the Zoroas-
trians, i, 8 and note, ii, 8
juice of, ii, 8
referred to, iv, 138
Homer, vi, 13, 72
epic method of. contrasted
with Firdausi's, i, 47
quoted, vi, 68, 73
Hormisdas I. See Urmuzd son
of ShApiir.
Hormisdas H. See Urmuzd son
of Narsi.
Hormisdas (Urmuzd son of
Urmuzd son of Narsi),
Persian prince, takes re-
fuge with the Romans, vi,
3i«. 3-25
Hormisdas, goes with Julian
to the East, vi, 325
Horoscope, i, 152
of the sons of Faridun, i, 188
ZaI, i, 251, 278
Rustam, i, 278, 307
Siyawush, ii, 196, 205, 234
Mi'rin, iv, 334
Shaghad, v, 264
Ardawan, vi, 218
Bahram Gur, vi, 376
Yazdagird son of Shapur,
vi, 390
Shirwi, vi i, 37.2 ; ix, 16, 17
Horse, of Persian royalty, how
distinguished, ii, 410 note
Gushtasp's black. See
Black horse,
(steed, knight), piece in
chess, vii, 285, 423
position of, vii, 388, 422
move of, vii, 422
Houri, maid of Paradise, i, 272 ;
ix, 81
House of Darkness, ix, 7
Crystal, ix, 25 and note
Houses, the Twelve, of the sky,
1, 103, 188
good influence of, i, 52
Hrazdan, river in Armenia, v, 13
Hiilwan (Arash), town, vii, 187,
201
situation of, vii, 187
Yazdagird retires to, ix, 67
taken by Hashim, ix, 68
Hum (Haoma, q.v.), hermit, 153,
iv, 135 seq., 259 seq.
hears Afrasiyab lamenting
in the cave, iv, 260
capture of Afrasiyab by, iv,
261
Darmesteter on, iv, 136
pities and unbinds Afrasi-
ycib, iv, 262
tells his adventure with
AfrasiyAb to Gudarz and
Giv, iv, 363
Kai K4us and Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 264
suggests how Afrasiyab may
be recaptured, iv, 265
28o
GENERAL INDEX
Hum, recaptures Afrasiyab, iv,
266
Huma. See below.
Humai (Huma), daughter of
Gushtasp, ii, 3 ; v, 12,
25
marriage of, with Asfandi-
yar, v, 22, 74
ignored by Firdausi, v, 22
offered in marriage to the
avenger of Zarir, v, 64
taken captive by the Turk-
mans, V, 93, 100
goes with Bih Afrid to draw
water and meets Asfandi-
yar, v, 147
escapes from Arj asp's pal-
ace, V, 153
bewails Asfandiyar, v, 252
reproaches Gushtasp, v, 254
Humai (Chihrzad, q.v.), daughter
and wife of Bah man, and
mother of Darab, ShAh,
157, 158. ii, 3. 9, 10 ; v,
2S1, 290 seq. ; vi, 20, 22,
190
mairied to Bahman, v, 290
Bahman appoints, and her
issue, to succeed him, v,
291
Semiramis (?), v 293
genealogies of, v, 293
Reign of, 158, v, 292 seq.
Note on, v, 292 seq.
accession of, v, 294
Darab born of, v, 294
referred to, v, 296
hears of Riiman invasion
and bids Rashnawad lead
forth the host, v, 301
reviews the host, v, 302
affected on seeine: Darab, v,
302
hears from RashnawAd
about Ddrab, v, 308
recognises that Darab is her
son, V, 308
thanksgiving largess of, v,
309
Rashnawdd and Darab ap-
pear before, v, 309 seq.
Humai, crowns, and excuses her-
self to, Darab, v, 310
proclaims Darab, v, 311
Humai, Iranian chief, tcDip.
Bahram Gur, vii, 88
goes as envoy to the Khan,
vii, 87
Hiimdn, son of Wisa and brother
of Piran, Turanian hero,
144, 148. I4g. 151, i, 92;
ii, 129, 130, 132, 148, 150,
264, 390 ; iii, 90, 91, 93,
108, 120 seq., 133 seq.,
142, 149, 152, 1.53, 158,
166, 169, 177, 182, 192,
202, 205, 210, 217, 227,
232, 234, 252, 259, 330 ;
iv, 7, 8, 10, 29 seq., 44,
55. 56. 61, 75, 76. 91, 118,
152
Barman and, join Suhrab
with troops, ii, 129
Afrasiyab's instructions to,
ii, 129
misleads Suhrab as to Rus-
tam, ii, 165, 169
reproaches Suhrab for spar-
ing Rustam, ii, 171
throws the blame for Suh-
rab's death on Haji'r, ii,
176
withdraws from fran under
safe conduct, ii, 176, 181,
182, 184
rescues Afiasiyab from Rus-
tam, ii, 354, 355
persuades Afrasij'ab to
abandon the pursuit of
Kai Kliusrau, ii, 394
parleys with Tiis, iii, 121
leads the host against Tiis,
iii, 127
counsels Piran, iii, 134
pursues the Iranians to
Mount Hamawan, iii, 135
ralhes the Turanians, iii,
139
reconnoitres the Iranians,
iii, 174 ^ ^
informs I'l'ran of the arrival
of Rustam, iii, 174
GENERAL INDEX
281
Ili'iiiian, parleys disguised with
Kiistani, iii, i(j6
commands the centre, iv, 25
dissuaded from fighting by
Pi'ran, iv, 30
parleys with Bizhan, iv, 45
armour of, donned by Bi-
zhan, iv, 51
Turanians' grief at death of,
iv, 51
Huns, the, i, 10 ; v, 13 ; vi, 15 ;
vii, 153
settlement of, at Samar-
kanil, i, 19
^\hite. 5fe Haital.
Hur, father of Bihruz, vii, 72
Hurmuz (Urmuzd), Ashkanian
king, vi, 197
Hurmuz (Urmus), city and island
on the south-eastern shore
of the Persian Gulf, vi,
204
Hurmuz (Hormisdas IH), Sh4h,
166, vii, 153, 186
appointed by Yazdagird to
succeed him, vii, 155
Reign of, vii, 156
Note on, vii, 156
defeated by Pi'ruz, vii, 157
pardoned by Pirilz, vii, 156,
158
leads the van in the war
with the Turkmans (Hai-
talians), vii, 164
perishes in battle, vii, 168
Hurmuz, minister of Bahram
Gur, vii, 26
Hurmuzd (Hormisdas IV), son
of Nushirwan, Shah, i6g-
IJ2, vii, 279 ; viii, 56
seq., 69 seq., 74 seq., 78,
87, 147, 169, 170, 174,
198, 209, 212, 213, 222,
232, 265, 270, 304, 312,
333. 355. 370. 376 ; ix, 4,
15. 104
son of the Khan's daughter,
vii, 317
sent against the Turks, vii
317
examination of, viii, 3, 57
llunniizd (Shah), counselled by
Nushirwan, viii, 25 seq.
Niisliirwan's testament in
favour ol, and last coun-
sels to, viii, 61 seq.
Reign of, 170, viii, 70
Note on, viii, 70
character of, viii, 70
system of administinticn of,
viii, 71
justice of, viii, 71
instances of, viii, 90 seq.
scribes executed by, viii, 71
insult of, to Baliiam Chu-
bina, viii, 76
Lazic war renewed by, viii,
76
Bahram Chiibina's gift of
swords to, viii, 76
accession of, viii, 78
turns to evil courses, viii,
81
puts to death tzid Gas-
hasp, viii, 83
poisons Zarduhsht, viii, 83
seq.
schemes against and puts
to death Simah Parzin,
viii, 85 seq.
attempts to suborn Bahram
Azarmihan, viii, 85 seq.,
gives audience, viii, 86
hears state-secret from Bah-
ram Azarmihan, viii, 88
puts to death Bahram Azar-
mihan, viii, 89
repentance of, viii, 90, 93
places of residence of, viii,
90
wars of, viii, 92
attacked by Sawa, viii, 92
Sawa's letter to, viii, 93
attacked by Caesar, viii, 93
Khazars, viii, 93
Arabs, viii, 93
consults the Iranians, viii,
94
counselled by his wazir, viii,
94
makes peace with Ca?sar,
viii, 95
282
GENERAL INDEX
Hurmuzd (Shah), attacks and de-
feats the Khazars, viii, 95
sends for Mihran Sitad,
viii, 97
hears prophecy about Bah-
ram Chiibina, viii, 98
orders search to be made for
Bahram Chubina, viii, 99
discovers and sends for
Bahram Chubina, viii, 100
consults Bahram Chubina,
viii, 100
gives chief command to
Bahram Chubina, viii, \oz
questions Bahram Chubina,
viii, 103
gives Rustain's banner to
Bahram Chubina, viii, 105
sends Mihran with Bahram
Chubina, viii, 106
intelhgencer after Bahram
Chubina, viii, 107
to recall Bahrain Chubina,
viii, 108
Kharrad, son of Barzin,
as envoy to Sawa, viii,
no
hears of Bahram Chiibina's
victory, viii, 132
makes thanksgiving, viii, 132
rewards Bahram Chubina
and the troops, viii, 133
surveys spoils sent by Bah-
ram Chubina, viii, 150
grows suspicious of Bahram
Chubina, viii, 151
dismisses the Khan with
gifts, viii, 152
hears from Kharrad of Bah-
ram Chiibina's disaffec-
tion, viii, 160
consults with high priest,
viii, 161
Ayin Gashasp, viii, 174,
177
plans to make away with
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 174
hears of Khusrau Parwiz'
flight, viii, 176
imprisons ]5andwi and Gus-
taham, viii, 176
Hurmuzd (Shah), hears of the
murder of Ayin Gashasp,
viii, 182
dethroned and blinded, viii,
183, 200
visited in prison by Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 185, 198, 230
requests of, to Khusrau Par-
wiz, viii, 199
referred to, viii, 211
counsels Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 230
murdered, viii, 232
Hurmuzd Garabzin or Galabzin
(Ivharrad son of Barzin
q.v.), viii, 190
Hurmuzd, priest, vii, 188
assists Nushirwan in his
disputation with Mazdak,
vii, 188, 206
Hurmuzd, Iranian general, vii,
251
commands the outposts in
Niishirwan's army, vii, 251
Hurmuzd (Hurmuzdshah, Far-
rukh-Hurmuzd q.v.),
father of Rustam, ix, 72,
78, 85, 89, 96
Hurmuzd ShahrangurAz (Shah-
ranguraz q.v.), ix, 54
Hurmuzd, devotee, ix, 102
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
dagird, ix, 102
Hurmuzdagan, vi, 193, 199
battle of, vi, 193, 199, 202,
256
Husain, friend of Firdausi, ix,
121
Hushang, son of Siyamak, min-
ister of Gaiiimart, and
Shah, 139, 140, i, 42, 90,
91, 126 ; ii, 204 ; iv, 133,
286, 292, 302 ; V, 180,
245 ; vii, 37, 273 ; viii,
376 ; ix, 25, 41
Firdausi's etymology of, i,
121
goes with Gaiiimart to fight
the Black Div, i, 121
slays the Black Div, i, I2i
Reign of, 140, i, 122
GENERAL INDEX
283
Hushang, Reign of, Note on, i,
12Z
succeeds Gaiiiniart, i, 122
culture-hero, i, 123
discovers lire, i, IJ3
institutes Fire-worship, i, 1 23
founds the Feast of Sada, i,
124
domesticates animals, {,124
dies, i, 124
Firdausi's reflections on, i,
124
rites of, vii, 53
Faith of, viii, 380
Hushdiv, Turanian hero, v, 46
put in charge of the rear, v,
46
Hushyar, astrologer, vi 372, 375
takes Bahram Giir's horo-
scope vi, 176
Hushravah (Kai Khusrau, q.v.),
iv, 137, 138
Hutaosa, wife of Gushtasp, v, 1 1
= Atossa (?), V, II
//fyaonas (Khyons, Chionitae ?),
people, V, 13
Hyapates, son of Scmiramis, v,
292
Hydaspes, id.
Hydaspes (Jhilam), river in the
Punjab, vi, 18, 31, 62, 63
Hydraotes (Ravi), river in the
Punjab, vi, 64
Hyperboreans, the, vi, 74
Elysium of, vi, 74
Hyphasis (Beas), river in the
Punjab, vi, 64
Hyrcania (Gurgan, q.v.), ii, 27 ;
iii. 10 ; vi, 373
Giv, prince of, iii, 9
Hystaspes (Gushtasp, q.v.), iv,
314 seq.
Hystaspes, father of Darius I, v,
10
governor of Parthia, v, lo
iBLfs, the Muhammadan Devil,
140, 143, iv, 206, 282 ; V,
174, 218
Iblis, occasional substitution of*
for Ahrinian in the Shah-
nama, i, 50, 70 ; ii, 82, no
tempts Zahhak, i, 136 seq.
turns cook, i, 137 seq.
causes serpents to grow out
of Zahhcik's shoulders, i,
139
counsels, garbed as a leech,
Zahhdk, i, 139
Ibn Mukafta', Persian scholar
and Arabic writer, vi, 373 ;
vii, 161
account of, vi, 17
translator of the Bastan-
nama into Arabic, vi, 17
Fables of Bidpai (the
Book of Kalila and
Dimna) into Arabic,
_ vii, 3S3
Ibrahim, Abraham the pat-
riarch, vi, 1 1 9, 120
house of =the Kaaba, vi, 119
Ichthyophagi, vi, 81
Sikandar and, vi, 69, 147
Arrian on, vi, 69
modern accounts of, vi, 70
city of, described, vi, 177
go to meet, and are visited
by, Sikandar, vi, 17S
hand over the treasures of
Kai Khusrau to Sikandar,
vi, 178
fd-i-Kurdi, Feast of, i, 143
Ighriras (Aghraeratha, Aghrc-
ra.d, Aghriras), brother of
Afrasiyab and Turanian
hero, 142. i, 92, 337, 342
seq. : ii, 18, 20, 303, 304 ;
iii, 8 ; iv, 136, 206, 262
characterised, i, 55, 338
opposes war with Iran, i,
343
Barman's single combat,
i. 347
over-ruled by Pashang, i,
344
Afrasiydb, i, 347
Iranian captives saved by,
i. 3(^3
released by, i, 365 seq.
284
GENERAL INDEX
Ighrhas, upbraided and slain by
Afrasiyab, i, 367
Pashang's grief for, i, 374
revival of, in legend, iv, 135
given a command, iv 156
head of, sent by Kai Khus-
rau to Kai Kaiis, iv, 185
referred to, iv, 267
Ijds bin Kabi'sa, viii, 188
governor of Hira, viii, 190
Ila, Turanian king, iv, 182
fights with Kai Khusrau, iv,
182
Ilyas, ruler of Khazar q.v., 154,
iv, 361
tribute demanded of, by
Caesar, iv, 352
refuses tribute and declares
war, iv, 352
makes overtures to Gush-
tasp, iv, 354
corpse of, brought by Gush-
tasp to Cajsar, iv, 355
Imagery, of Shahnama. See
Shahnama.
Imaus, Greek form of Himalaya
q.v., vi, 12
'Inanian, 'Inanians, Arab tribe,
vi, 324. 330, 331. 333
Ind. See Hind.
India, iv, 316 ; vi, 17, 64, 81, S3,
204
frinians and Aryans of, i, 15
Palladius on, vi, 61
Ancient, M'Crindle's, quoted,
vi, 68
= Ethiopia, vi, 68
Indian, Indians, iy2, vi, 81, 375,
397 ; vii, 135, 146; viii,
377
= Ethiopians, vi, 13, 68
sages, vi, 61, 83, 91 seq., 143
seq., 266
bells and gongs, vi, 175 ;
viii, 46, 120
bane, vi, 259
king of = Shangul, vii, 118
tongue, vii, 117, 143
sword, falchion, scimitar,viii,
127, 145. 417 ; ix. 17
Garden of the, viii, 196
Indian, Indians, Faith of, iy2,
viii, 275
script, ix, I 7
scribe, ix, 17
Indies, Greek idea of two, vi, 13
duplicate races in, vi, 68
Indo-European race, i, 7
Asiatic branch of, i, 7
Aryans, i, 7
' early seats of, i, 7
religion of, i, 7
Indra, Indian god, ii, 25 ; vi, 203
Vritra and, ii, 25 ; vi, 203
Indus, river, i, 71, 252 ; ii, 21 ;
iii, 177, 204, 237. 251 ; V,
293 ; vi, 62, 67, 70 ; vii,
241
mistaken for the Nile, vi, 68
Introduction, to Shahnama, i, 3
seq.
lollas, Alexander the Great's cup-
bearer, vi, 82
Iraj, youngest son of laridun
q.v. and the protagonist
of the Iranian race, 140, i,
54, 90, 91, 211 ; ii, 8, 16,
19, 20, 237, 297,302; iii, 8;
iv, 146 ; V, 42, 44, 261 ;
vi, 353 ; vii, 73 ; viii, 266,
376 and note, 392 ; ix, 103
etymology of, i, 174
naming of, i, 188
horoscope of, i, 188
receives Iran and Arabia as
his portion, i, 189
abdication of, demanded by
Salm and Tiir, i, 192
offers to go to his brothers,
i, 196
visits Salm and Tur, i, 19S
reception of, by Salm and
Tur, i, 198
offers to resign his kingship
to his brothers, i, 200
slain by Tur and Salm, i,
201
head of, sent to Faridun, i,
202
mourning for, i, 203 seq.
daughter of, 140, i, 205
married to Pashang, i, 205
GENERAL INDEX
285
fiaj, daughter of, gives birth to
Minuchihr, i, 206
vengeance for, i, 215 seq.
referred to, i, 335, 349
Iraj, king of Kabul, iv, 146
'IrAk, ix, 66
= 'frak 'Arabi (Babylonia),
vii, 214, 224
Iram, gardens of, i, 100, 113;
ii, 78 ; vii, 235 and
note
Iran, 142-144. 14^. 148. 150, 152-
155. 157, 15S, 162, 163,
163, i6y, 172. 173, 173,
176, i, 3, 113, 152, 153
and passim
boundaries of, i, 3
physical features of, i, 3
gradual desiccation of, i, 3
and see Drought,
climate of, i, 4
flora of, i, 4
fauna of, i, 5
land of contrasts, i, 5, 58,
60
cosmogony of, i, 5
people of, i, 6
-vej, region, i, 9
situation of, i, 9
Zoroaster's (Zarduhsht's)
birth-place, i, 62
Arab conquest of, i, 12
Arabia and, Iraj's portion,
i, 189
-Shahr, ii, 81
fought for by Afrasiyib and
the Arabs, ii, 92
invaded by Suhrab, ii, 130
lord of=Mahmud, iv, 142
monarch of = Darab, vi, 21,
26
and Shahnama compared,
vi, 193
invaded by Munzir and
Nu'min, vi, 397
Rum's tribute to explaine 1,
vii, 187
Iranian, Iranians, 144, 147-131,
153. 155. 163-167. 171,
176, i, 9 and passim
neighbours of, i, 9
frdnians, historical relations of,
with Semites, i, 10
Assyrians, i, 10
Arabs, i, 1 1 ; vi, 17; ix,
65 seq.
Greeks and Romans, i, 14
Aryans of India, i, 15
Tiirdnians, i, 16 seq.
Kimmerians, i, i 7
Scythians, i, 17
Parthians, i, 18
Alani, i, 19
Huns, i, 19
Turks, i, 20
traditional relations of, with
other Indo - Europeans,
Semites, and Turanians, i,
54. 55. 56
revolt against Jamshid and
summon Zahhak to Iran,
i. 139
chiefs of, imprisoned at
Sari, i, 363
plot for release with Igh-
riras, i, 363
inform Zal, i, 366
released by Kishwad, i,
367
provided for by Zal, i,
367
bewail Naudar, i, 364
wish to withdraw from the
Seven Stages, v, 135
encouraged to persevere by
Asf andiyar, v, 1 36
provoked to combat by
Zawara, v, 225
Sikandar's proclamation to,
vi, 44
bewail themselves, vi, 48
counsel Dar4 to come to
terms with Sikandar, vi,
48
ask quarter of Sikandar, vi,
51
hail Sikandar as ruler, vi, 56
after Yazdagird son of
Shdpur's death meet for
counsel in Pdrs, vi, 394
Jawanwi sent by, to Mun-
zir, vi, 397
286
GENERAL INDEX
Iranians, offer prayer at the Fire-
fane of Barzin, vi, 400
loyal, support Bahram Gur,
vi, 402
procedure of, to elect a
Shah, vi, 403
decide to reject Bahram
Gur, vi, 403
remonstrated with by Mun-
zir, vi, 403
object-lesson of, to Munzir,
vi, 404
accept Bahram Gur's pro-
posal for settling the
question of kingship by
ordeal, vi, 406
ask Munzir to intercede
with Bahrdm Gur for
them, vii, 9
arrears of taxes of, can-
celled, vii, II
levied by Bahram Gur, vii,
86
resolve to submit to the
Khan, vii, 87
send Humai as envoy to the
Khan, vii, 87
letter of, to the Khan, vii, 87
ask for Narsi's good offices
with Bahram Giir, vii, 93
lament for the death of
Piriiz, vii, 169
revolt against Kubad, vii,
195
put Kubad in fetters, vii,
195
ask pardon of Kub4d, vii,
200
pardoned by Kubad, vii, 200
take Sakila, viii, 47
chiefs received in audience
by Hurmuzd, viii, 86
consulted by Hurmuzd, viii,
94
defeat the Khazars, viii, 96
advise Bahr4m Chubina,
viii, 102, 121, 239 seq., 287
SAwa employs sorcery
against, viii, 123
encouraged by Bahram
Chubina, viii, 124
Iranian, Iranians, defeat the
Turks, viii, 126
revolt against Hurmuzd,
viii, 156
elect Bahram Chubina
Sh4h, viii, 243
homage Shirwi, ix, 8
choose two chiefs to visit
Khusrau Parwiz in prison,
ix, 9
plot against Guraz, ix, 54
go hunting with Guraz, ix,
55
race, ix, 65
enmity of, with Semite,
i, 54 ; ix, 65
announces arrival of Shu'ba
Mughira to Rustam, ix, 82
defeat of, at Kadisiya, ix, 84
retreat to Yazdagird, ix, 85
-born, ix, 99
defeat of, at Marv, ix, 116
ambushed, ix, 118
Irma'il and Karma'il, Zahhak's
cooks, 140, i, 146
Irman, (Arman q.v.), i, 345, 358 ;
iii, 12, 285, 292. 296,
3"
devastated by wild boars,
iii, 290
Irmanians (Armenians q.v.), 150,
iii, 286
complain to Kai Khusrau
of the wild boars, iii, 290
Iron steeds, Sikandar's, vi, 115
Isa (Jesus), viii, 276 note
Isdigird I (Yazdagird son of
Shapur), Sasanian king,
vi, 371
Isdigird II (Yazdagird son of
Bahram Gur), Sasanian
king, vii, 153
Ishmael, vi, 65, 120, 121
Iskandar. See Sikandar.
Iskandar, herb, vi, 26
Iskandariya (Alexandria), 160,
vi, 183
Sikandar buried at, vi, 185
Island, the=Meroe, vi, 65
Islands, Male and Female, vi, 72
origin of legend of, vi, 72
GENERAL INDEX
2f<7
Isma'il. See Ishmael.
Isnia'i'l, brother of Sultan Mah-
niud, i, 21
Isnnpwi. See Ispanwi.
Ispahan, city in 'Irak-i-'Ajami,
-f A i. 351 ; ii. 394. 399 ;
iii, 109 ; vi, 57, 86, 87,
199, 201, 202, 210 ; vii,
6, 84, 214, 224 ; viii, 90
given to Giidarz, ii, 78 ; iv,
129
arrival of Kai Khusrau at,
ii, 396
bestowed on Giv by Kai
Khusrau, iv, 298
Ispanwi, slave-girl of Tazhav,
iii, 14, 27, 77
taken captive by Bizhan,
iii, 78
Ispuruz, mountain in the neigh-
bourhood of Alazan-
daran, ii, 38, 56, 57, iv,
136, 230
Israfil, archangel, 160, vi, 78
Sikandar's interview with,
VI, 83, 161
Issedones, tribe situated on the
Tarim basin in eastern
Turkistan, iii, 192
Issus, town, plain, and gulf in
Cilicia, vi, 30
battle of, vi, 30, 31
Darius' family taken pris-
oners at, vi, 31
Istakhr (Persepolis), city in Pars,
142, 165, ii, II, 22, 28,
339 ; vi, 57, 198, 199,
202, 211, 223, 225, 231,
3-26, 356, 386 ; vii, 83,
95, 188 ; viii, 90, 313 ;
ix, 50, 54
buildings at, attributed to
Humai, v, 293
Dara marches from, to en-
counter Sikandar, vi, 37,
46
returns to, vi, 44
Sikandar crowned Shdh at,
vi, 59
taken by Ardshir Papakan,
vi, 227
Istakhr, Ardshir Papakan
marches from, against the
Kurds, vi, 230
returns victorious to, vi,
232
Yazdagird taken to, ix, 64
made Shah at, ix, 65
Istuvegu. See Astyages.
Italy, vii, 218
Alexander of Epirus' ex-
pedition to, vi, 12
Alexander the Great's
legendary expedition to,
vi, 12, 30
Iwan-i-Kcrkh, vi, 327
Izads (Yazatas), the, iii, 286
Izid, viii, 75
Izid Gashasp, archscribe, J 70,
viii, 74
confusion in name of, viii,
75. 76
put to death by Hurmuzd,
viii, 75. 83
malicious speech of, viii, 77
and note, 150 and note
imprisoned, viii, 81
sends for high priest, viii, 81
Izid Gashasp, Iranian warrior,
viii, 103, 122, 136, 138,
149, 350, 353. 356
conducts spoil to Iran, viii,
148
goes hunting with Bahram
Chiibina, viii, 156
speech of, viii, 165
Jabala bin Salim, viii, 73
Jacob of Sarug, Syriac poet.
Syriac Christian Legend
of Alexander the Great
versified by, vi, 15, 74, 78,
84
JAdiistan, vi, log and note
Jagatai, mountain-range in
Khurasdn, v, 29
Jahn, son of Afrasiyib, Turan-
ian hero, 152, i, 92 ; ii,
264, 268 ; iv, 156, 162,
200 seq., 214
288
GENERAL INDEX
Jahn, son of Afrasiyab, sent to
guard Shida's rear, iv, 155
advances to the attack
and is defeated by Karan,
iv, 178
stationed at the centre with
Afrasiyab, iv, 179
sent to the left with troops,
iv, 180
Garsiwaz and, compel Afra-
siyab to quit the field, iv,
182
commands the right, iv,
190
helps to defend Gang-
bihisht, iv, 209
taken prisoner by Rustam,
iv, 210
sent to Kai Kaiis, iv,
233
interned by Kai Kaus, iv,
235
spurious passage about, iv,
272 note
Jahn, architect of throne of
Takhdis, viii, 391
Jahram (Chahram), 161, 163,
city in Pars, vi, 44, 119,
202, 225, 237, 241, 268,
400 ; vii, 185 ; ix, 29, 61
Dara goes to, vi, 44
degert of, vi, 401
Jdj (? Chach q.v.), iv, 150
Jalalpiir, city in the northern
Punjab, vi, 18
Jalula, town north-east of Bagh-
dad, i, 12, ix, 68
battle of, i, 12, ix, 68
Jam, son of Kubad and brother
of Nushirwan, vii, 316
conspires against Nushir-
wan, vii, 316
Jcimcisp, chief minister of Shah
Gushtasp, 155, i, 42 ; ii, 9 ; v,
12, 22, 24 seq., 58, 206,
216, 248 ; viii, 171, 393 ;
ix, 26
omniscience of, v, 19, 48
answers, in conjunction with
Zarir and Asfandiyar, Ar-
jasp's letter, v, 42
Jamasp, foretells the death in
battle of Ardshir, v, 49
Shidasp, V, 50
Girami, v, 50
exploits of Nastur, v, 50
death of Nivzar, v, 51
Zarir, v, 52, 70 note
triumph of Asfandiyar, v,
52
defeat of Arjasp, v, 52
encourages Gushtasp to
fight, V, 54
referred to, v, 59, 102
dissuades Gushtasp from
avenging Zarir, v, 64, 68
made archmage of Fire-
temple built by Gush-
tasp, v, 75
sent to recall Asfandiydr to
court, v, 80 seq.
advises Gushtasp, when be-
leaguered by Arjasp, to
release Asfandiyar, v, 97
volunteers to go to Asfan-
diyar, V, 97
reaches Gumbadan in dis-
guise, V, 98
interview of, with Asfan-
diyar, V, 99 seq.
sends for blacksmiths to
uncliain Asfandiyar, v, loi
sets off with Asfandiyar,
Bahman, and Niish Azar,
V, IC3
foretells Asfandiyar's fate,
V, 169
reproached by Bishiitan, v,
254
advises Gushtasp to write
to Bahman, v, 257
writes by Gushtasp's orders
to recall Bahman, v, 258
Gushtasp tells his intention
as to the succession to, v,
279
prophecy of, viii, 68
additions of, to throne of
Takhdis, viii, 392
Jdmasp, son of Piriiz, 166, vi, 3
supersedes Kubad temporar-
ily, vii, 184, 195
GENERAL INDEX
2 So
Jamdsp, son of P.'ri'iz, titio of,
vii, 1 86
fate of, vii, iS6, 200
James, St., bishop of Edessa, i,
374
James V of Scotland, vii, 3
Bahram Gi'ir's resemblance
to, vii, 3
Jamhur, king of Hind, vii, 395,
396. 39'^. 399. 401. 403
Jamshid, son of Tahmiiras, Shdh
and culture-hero, 140, 164,
i, 42, 90, 91, ; ii, 4, 33,
37, 168, 204, 358, 399 ;
iii. 7. 57. 257, 273 ; iv,
63. ^ii, 149. 203, 206,
272, 274, 290 ; V, 2>^, 34.
38, 47, 180, 202, 215, 216,
245, 271, 284 ;■ vi, 45
and note, 172, 209 ; vii,
36 seq., 107, 162, 173, 211 ;
viii, 22, 242, 269, 310,
332, 341, 3S7 ; ix, 25, 39,
103
Reign of, 140, i, 129 scq.
Note on, i, 129 seq.
the Iranian Noah, i, 129
meaning of, i, 130
ascends the throne, i, 131
greatness of, i, 131
culture-hero, i, 132
makes armour, i, 132
raiment, i, 132
institutes castes, i, 132
great builder, i, 133
introduces jewelry and per-
fumes, i, 133
Iccchcraft, i, 133
ship-building, i, 133
carried by the di'vs into the
air, i, 133
feast held in memorial of, i,
134
fall of, i, 130, 134, 139
franians revolt against, i, 139
fliglit and death of, i, 139
sisters of, married to Zah-
hAk, i, 146
found by Faridun, 140, i,
162
referred to, iv, 304
VOL. IX.
Jamshi'd, treasure of, founti by
Hahram Giir, 164, vii, 36
described, vii, 36
Jandal, envoy of Faridun, 140,
i. ^77
asks Sarv's daughters in
marriage for Faridun's
sons, i, 178
informs Faridun of the out-
come of his mission, i, 182
Jandal, city in Hind, vii, 140
monarch of, entertained by
Bahram Gur, vii, 140
seq.
Janfuruz, Iranian general, viii,
297
Jamisiyar, minister of Dara, vi,
52. 88
murders Dara, vi, 52
informs Sikandar of Dara's
murder, vi, 52
arrested by Sikandar, vi, 53
executed, vi, 56, 88
Jaranjas, Turanian hero, iv, 156
Jarira, daughter of Piran, wife
of Siyawush, and mother
of Farud, J-/7, i, 92 ; ii,
3 ; iii. 43
married to Siyawush, ii,
268 seq.
birth of her son Farud, ii,
291
referred to, iii, 39
advises Farud, iii, 42
dream of, iii, 63
kills herself, iii, 66
Jarmana, place, ix, 93
Jasha, king, i, 67, 68
Jatakas, vii, 383
Jats, people of north-western
India, vii, 6
fabulous origin of, vii, 6
Jawanwi, Iranian magnate, vi,
373 ; vii, 8, 10
goes as ambassador to Mun-
zir, vi, 398
interview of, with Munzir,
vi, 398 seq.
recognises the divine Grace
in Bahram Gur, vi, 398
seq.
290
GENERAL INDEX
Jawanwi, suggests a course of
action to IMunzir, vi, 400
returns to fran, vi, 400
bidden by Bahram Gur to
remit the arrears of taxes,
vii, II
Jaz (Gaz), town north-west of
Ispahan, vi, 337 ; vii, 76,
79. 80
tribute of, remitted, vii, 82
Jerusalem, v, 306 note, vi, 81 ;
viii, 191, 196
Elevation of the True Cross
at, ix, 43
Jesus, i, 42 ; viii, 191 ; ix, 10
sayings of, viii, 276 and note
Cross of, viii, 3 So
laughter of, viii, 191, 380
Jew, Jews, 168, vi, 356 ; vii, 13,
273 ; viii, 21, 67, 276
Faith of, vi, 95
Bahram Gur's adventure
with a, vii, 16 seq.
persecution of, vii, 153
Zuran's plot with a, against
Mahbiid, vii, 320 5^^.
bewitches Niishirwan's food,
vii, 321
makes confession to Niishir •
wan, vii, 325
Fables of Bidpai, vogue of
largely due to, vii, 383
Jewelled tree, Kai Khusrau's, iii,
329
Jeweller, a, 164. See Mahiyar.
daughter of, 164
Jewels, discovery of, i, 133
Palace of, 160
Jhilam (Hydaspes), river in the
Punjab, vi, 18, 31, 63
Jihun (Oxus q.v.) river, 146, 152,
i. 215, 219, 345. 375 ; ".
i^.igscq., 99, 229, 237,248,
258, 311, 340, 390, 394,
399, 404 ; iii, 58, 159 ;
iv, 10, 12, 20, 53, 60, 79,
153. 154. 157. 181, 184,
187, 194, 255, 304 ; V, 12,
29, 40, 45, 48, 203 ; vii,
92, 165, 166, 180, 329,
338, 340 ; viii, 94 99,
Ji'hiin — cont.
134. 174. 332 ; ix, 77, 115,
118
boundary between Iran and
Tiiran i, 71, 370, 371
confused with the Aras, i,
370
fords of, viii, 331
Jins, ix, 81
Johari Das, Babu, quoted, vi, 81
Joktan, vi, 65
= Kahtan, vi, 65
Joshua, vi, 77
Moses and, Muhammadan
legend of, vi, 77
Jovian (Bazanush), Roman Em-
peror (A.D. 363-4), vi,
324 seq. ; viii, 41
confused with Valerian, vi,
324
Judaism, vi, 327
Judda, the port of Mecca, J59,
vi, 121
Sikandar arrives at, vi, 121
Julian (Yaniis), Roman Em-
peror (A.D. 361-363), i,
12 ; vi, 325
confused with Valerian, vi,
324
not an emperor in the Shah-
nama. vi, 324, 326
expedition of, against Per-
sia, vi, 324 seq.
Julius Valerius, early Latin
translator of the Pseudo-
Callisthenes, vi, 14, 61,
66 seq., 71, 74, 78, 79,
81
Jund-i-Sh4pur (Gund-i-Shapur
q.v.), city, vi, 256
= Ras-Shapur, vi, 256
foundation of attributed to
Ardshir Papakan, vi, 266
Jupiter, planet, i, 72, 161, 188,
281 ; ii, 115 ; iii, 318 ;
iv, 143, 295 ; V, 256 ; vi,
138, 172, 292 ; vii, 49,
248, 357 ; viii, 28, 152,
157. 395
Justin I, Eastern Roman Em-
peror, vii, 316
cnxr.R.ir. ixnnx
291
Justin II, Eastern Roman Em-
peror, vii, 212 ; viii, 41
Justinian, Eastern Roman Em-
peror, i, 16 ; vii, 212, 219,
317 ; viii, 41
silkworm introduced into
the West during reign of,
vi, 204
bargains of, with Nushfrw^n,
vii, 214, 216 seq.
protection of Harith bin
Jabala by, leads to war
with Nushirwan, vii, 217
successes of, in the West,
vii, 217
closes the schools of Athens,
vii, 280
Juya, a div, ii, 71
slain by Rustam, ii, 72
K
Kaaba, the, i3g, vi, 65
account of, vi, 65
Sikandar's expedition to,
vi, 67, 83, 119
Kabab, small pieces of meat
skewered together for
roasting, ii, 103 ; iii, 69 ;
iv, 121 ; v, 152 ; viii, 250
Kabisa, viii, 188
Kabtun, king of Misr and the
progenitor of the Copts,
vi, 121
welcomes Sikandar, vi, 121
praises Kaidafa to Sikandar,
vi, 122
Kabiida, 147, one of Afrasiyab's
herdsmen, iii, 73
slain by Bahram, iii, 74
Kabul, Kabulistan (Afghanis-
tan), city and country,
141, 157, i, 57, 252, 264,
268, 277, 282, 283, 286,
294, 298, 299 note, 300,
302 seq., 316, 357, 378 ;
ii, 12, 18, 21, 92, 228, 260,
271. 341 ; iii. 17. 35. 145,
153. 165, 174, 186, 190,
202, 206, 321 ; iv, 14, 65,
K^bul — cohI.
146, 278, 283, 292 ; v,
126, 170, 173, 224, 242,
251, 260, 263 seq., 271,
273 seq., 284, 287 ; vi,
207 ; vii, 173
Buddhism in, i, 15
superseded by Brahman-
ism, i, 16
dagger of, i, 219 ; vi, 320
Z41 visits, i, 256
Beauty of = RudAba, i,
262, 316
monarch of =Mihrab, i, 294,
365
rejoicings at, over Zal's
successful embassy to
Minuchihr, i, 314
preparations at, to welcome
Sam and Zal, i, 315
falchion of, 1, 376 ; ix, 98
Shaghad sent to be brought
up at, V, 264
king of, J57, V, 264, 271
daughter of, marries Sha-
ghad, V, 264
Shaghad and, plot against
Rustam, v, 265 seq.
gives a feast, v, 266
pretends to quarrel with
Shaghad, v, 266
treachery of, v, 268 seq.
abases himself before
Rustam, v, 269
entertains Rustam and in-
vites him to hunt, v,
269
hypocrisy of, v, 271
Faramarz sent against, v,
274, 27O
defeated and put to death
with all his kin, v, 277
tribute of, question about,
V, 265
Faramarz makes a Zabuli
king of, V, 277
monarch of, entertained by
Bahram Giir, vii, 140 seq.
K4chir Bishi, city in Turin, ii,
258, 360, 361 ; vii, 330,
358 ; ix, 1 1 7
292
GENERAL INDEX
Kadisi, Kadisiya, town on one
of the canals west of the
Euphrates and south of
Mashad 'AH (Nedjef), vi,
119, 330 ; ix, 5. 73. 74.
77. 78
battle of, i, 12, 143 ; ix, 5,
67, 69
date of, ix, 67
canal of, ix, 69
Rustam advances to, ix, 73
Kac^asta (Urumiah q.v.), lake,
iv, 137
Kaf, mythical Mount Alburz
q.v., ii, 83, 404 ; iv, 65,
149 ; viii, 66 and note
Kafur, king of Bidad, I4g, iii, 191
worsts the Iranians, iii, 244
slain by Rustam, iii, 245
Kahtan, desert of, i, 287
Kahtan, the Arabic form of
Joktan, the progenitor of
the southern Arabs, vi,
65, 120
Kai, meaning of, ii, 8
Kaian, Kaianian {see Kai), ii, 8,
9, 22, 404 ; iii, 5 seq., 9,
14, 43, 67, 112, 147, 307,
318, 320, 328, 342 ; iv,
5 seq., 24, 33, 35, 65, no,
127, 150, 166, 175, 234,
260, 262, 269, 273, 279,
285, 286, 289, 293, 308,
319, 324 ; V, 7 seq.. ID,
47. 49, 52, 54, 57. 59, 60,
67 seq.. 73 seq.. 79, 86, 91,
97, 122, 168 203, 210,
223, 253, 254, 282, 288.
289, 291, 311 ; vi, 9 seq.,
17. 34. 48, 55. 57. 59, 81,
112, 125, 141, 179, 180,
194, 199. 200, 202, 210,
223, 237 note ; viii, 65,
216
dynasty, i, 49, 373 ; ii, 7
seq. ; iii, 5 seq. ; iv, 5
seq. ; v, 7 seq. ; vi, 9 seq.
genealogical table, ii, 3
birth-mark, ii, 372
stature, ii, 375
saying, iv, 33
Kaian, throne, viii, 214
race, viii, 217
crown, ix, 11, 105
Kaianiish (Ivataiiin), brother of
Faridun, i, 90, 91, 158
V, 261
referred to, i, 147, 165
Purmaya and, summon the
smiths to Faridun, i, 158
go with Faridun against
Zahhak, i, 159
attempt to kill Faridun, i,
160
Kai Arash, son of Kai Kubad,
ii, 3, 23, 204. 205 ; vi,
197, 210, 228 ; viii, 216
Kai Armin, son of Kai Kubad,
ii, 3- 23
Kaid, Indian king, 759, 161, i,
55 ; vi, 61, 83, 91 seq.,
112
identical with Mandanes
(Dandamis), vi, 62
consults Mihran about his
dreams, vi, 92 seq.
dreams of, interpreted by
Mihran, vi, 94, seq.
Four Wonders of, 159, vi,
94, 97 and note, 99 seq.
daughter, 759, vi, 94, 100,
102, 104
described, vi, 100, 102,
104
married to Sikandar, vi,
104
reference in Sikandar's
Will to, vi, 182
cup, described, vi, 94,
100
principle of, explained,
vi, 109
leech, vi, 94, 101
prescribes for Sikandar,
vi, 107
sage, vi, 94, 101
= Calanus, vi, 62
Sikandar's encounter of
wits with, vi, 62, 104
seq.
explains the principle of
the cup, vi, 109
GENERAL INDEX
^03
Kiiid, soiuls his I'oiir Wonders
ami utluT gifts to Si-
k.imlar, \ i, 103
revival of, in legem!, v i, 25O,
2G6
prophecy of, vi, 256, 257, 267
consulted by Ardshir Papa-
k^n, vi, 266
advice of, to Ardshir Papa-
kan, vi, 267, 273
Kaiddfa (Cilicia), vi, 294, 297
Kaidafa (Kandake, Candace q.v.),
159. vi, 83, 121 scq.. 325
obtains Sikandar's portrait.
vi, 122
praised by Kabtiin to Sikan-
dar, vi, 122
receives a letter from
Sikandar, vi, 123
answers Sikandar's letter, vi,
123
welcomes Kaidriish on his
return from captivity, vi,
127
receives Naitkun (Sikandar)
graciously, vi, 128
state of, described, vi, 128,
130, 133
gives audiences to Naitkun
(Sikandar), vi, 12S seq.
recognises Sikandar, vi, 129
seq.
hears Sikandar's embassage,
vi, 129
covenants of, with Sikandar,
vi, 132, 138
warns Sikandar against
Tainiish, vi, 133
chides Tainiish, vi, 135
takes counsel with Sikandar
about Tainiish, vi, 135
approves of Sikandar's
scheme, vi, 137
takes counsel with her
nobles, vi, 139
gifts of, to Sikandar, vi, 140
Sikandar's final message to,
vi, 143
Kaidriish (Kandaros, Candaules),
son of Kaidafa (Candace),
vi, 134. 135
Kaidriish, wife of, vi, 66
taken with his wifi-, by
Sikandar, vi, 125
brcjught with his wife before
Naitkiin, vi, 126
sentenced with his wife to
death, vi, 126
pardoned with his wife, vi,
126
gratitude of, vi, 127
returns to Kaidafa, vi, 127
presents Naitkun (Sikan-
dar) to Kaidafa, vi, 127
Kaihan. See Kaid.
K;u Kaiis, son of Kai Kubcid and
Shah, 143-147. I5~, 153.
i, 42, 338 ; ii. 3. 8 seq., 23
seq., 33 seq., 54 seq., 61
seq., 109, no, 127, 130,
233. 243 seq., 264, 269
seq., -2^2), 284, 286, 290,
296, 301. 316. 318, 319,
335. 347. 361. 364, 371.
372. 383. 401 ; "i. 7. 9,
13, 14, 20 seq., 24, 30, 45,
51, 84, 85, 88, 90, 93, 96,
113,145,147,166,174,236,
238, 239. 289. 307, 327 ;
iv, 13, 61, 129, 135. 136,
162, 167 seq., 185, 191,
199, 201, 203, 217, 218,
232 seq., 254, 256 seq., 269
seq., 278, 287, 289, 290,
292, 295 seq., 306, 310,
314, 321 seq. ; V, 29, 30,
116, 173, 174, 190, 203,
207, 208, 210, 215, 216;
vii, 74, 107, 115; viii,
22, 104, 168, 270, 341 ; ix,
25
Reign of, 143, ii, 25 seq.
Notes on, ii, 25 seq., 79
seq., 118, 188 se^., 335
visits Rustam, ii, 83
tempted by divs, ii, 30 scq.,
82, 102 scq.
goes to Mount Kaf, ii, 83
defeats Afrasiyab and re-
gains fran, ii, 100
makes Rustam paladin of
paladins, ii, loi
294
GENERAL INDEX
Kai Kaiis, buildings of, on
Mount Alburz, ii, 8i, loi
flying-machine of, ii, 103
fall of, from the sky, ii, 104 ;
V, 174
repentance of, ii, 105
hears of Suhrab and sum-
mons his chiefs, ii, 136
seq.
bids Tus hang Rustam and
Giv, ii, 143
apology of, to Rustam, ii,
147
encampment of, described,
ii. 153
overthrown by Suhrab, ii,
160
refuses to cure Suhrab, ii,
178
attempts to console Rustam,
ii, 181
marries the future mother of
Siyawush, ii, 194
receives Siyawush at court,
ii, 198
bestows Kuhistanupon Siya-
wush, ii, 199
conduct of, in the case of
Siyawush and Sudaba, ii,
200 seq.
sends Siyawush to fight
Afrasiyab, ii, 225
rejects terms of peace and
quarrels with Rustam, ii,
244 seq.
hears of the defection of
Siyawush, ii, 258
grief of, at the death of
Siyawush, ii, 337
hears of Kai Khusrau's
arrival in Iran, ii, 395
receives Kai Khusrau, ii,
397
rewards Giv, ii, 399
provides for Farangis, ii,
399
arbitrates between Tus and
Giidarz, ii, 403 seq.
welcomes Kai Khusrau on
his return from the
castle of Bahman, ii, 410
Kai Kaiis, requires Kai Ivhus-
rau to swear vengeanc^
on Afrasiyab, iii, 21
welcomes Giv and hears
his tidings of Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 234
gives a feast, iv, 234
deals with the captives, iv,
235
proclaims the conquest of
Tiiran and Chin, iv, 236
rewards Giv, iv, 236
sends Giv back with letter
to Kai Khusrau, iv, 238
hears that Kai Khusrau is
returning and goes with
the nobles to welcome
him, iv, 256
receives gifts from, and hears
the adventures of, Kai
Khusrau, iv, 257
gives a feast in honour of
Kai Khusrau, iv, 257
counsels a pilgrimage to the
temple of Azargashasp,
iv, 258
Kai Khusrau and, hear from
Giidarz of Hum's adven-
ture with Afrasiyab, iv,
264
send for Garsiwaz and
put him to the torture,
iv, 265
make thanksgiving before
Azargashasp, iv, 269
go in state to the temple
of Azargashasp, iv, 270
prays that he may die, iv,
270
• obsequies of., iv, 271
treasure of, called " The
Bride " bestowed by Kai
Khusrau on Giv, Zal, and
Rustam, iv, 295
favour shown by I.uhrasp
to the grandsons of, iv,
318, 321 seq.
grandsons of, go with Zarir
to Rum, iv, 360
hail Gushtasp as Shah, iv,
362
GENERAL INDEX
205
Kai Kai'is, Rustam's patent
from, v, 203
Kai Khusrau, son of Siyawush
and Farangis, Shah, 146-
154, 160, i, 42, 309 ; ii,
3. 9, 25. 104, 189, 190, 334
seq., 386 seq. ; iii, 13 seq.,
47. 55. 57. 66, io6, 108,
in seq., 132, 134, 166,
173. 175. i8(J. 191. 197.
198, 202, 205, 211, 226,
228, 238 seq.. 249, 250,
271, 277, 285, 286, 289,
294 seq., 326 seq., 338,
353 se^. ; iv, T seq., 19, 21,
30, 31. 36, 56 seq., 65, 66,
71, 72, 76 seq.. 90, 99,
115, 144 seq., 152, 153,
237 seq., 262, 267 se^.,
317 seq., 319, 321 ; v, 10,
12, 21, 39, 173, 188, 203,
204, 208, 215, 284, 289 ;
vi, 79. 177 ; vii, 120, 173,
359 ; viii, 148, 219. 270,
332, 392 ; ix, 25, 103
fravashi of, ii, 82
identical with Cyrus the
Great in legend, ii, 9, 190
prophesies respecting, ii, 310,
372, 390
birth of, ii, 325 seq.
account of youth of, ii,
328 seq.
questioned by Afrasiyab, ii,
332
dwells at Siydwushgird, ii,
333
sent to Khutan, ii, 356
Machin, ii, 357 note
described by Suriish, ii, 363
Giidarz sends Giv to seek,
ii, 364 seq.
recalled, ii, 370
found by Giv, ii, 370
birth-mark of, ii, 372, iii,
49 note
saves Pirdn's life, ii, 387
at the Ji'hun, ii, 391 seq.
arrives at Zam, ii, 394
visits Giidarz at Ispahan,
ii. 396
Kai Khusrau, tells his story to
I\ai Kaiis, ii, 397
praises Giv to Kai Kaiis, ii,
398
goes to Istakhr, ii, 399
enthroned as Shah, ii, 400,
411
supported by Giidarz and
opposed by Tiis, ii, 400
seq.
letter of, to the defenders of
the castle of Bahman, ii,
407
establishes Fire-worship at
the castle of Bahman, ii,
409
pardons Tiis, ii, 410
Reign of, 147, iii, 7 seq.
Notes on, iii, 7 seq., 108,
191, 271, 285 seq. : iv,
7. 135 seq.
last link with the Vedas,
iii, 7
longest in respect of sub-
ject matter in the poem,
iii, 7
divisions of, iii, 7
episodes of, iii, 7
warlike character of, iii,
8
subject-matter of, iii, 8
accession of, iii, 17
goes on a hunting expedi-
tion, iii, 19
to the temple of Azar-
gashasp, iii, 20
swears to take vengeance on
Afrasiyab, iii, 21
prepares for war, iii, 23
seq.
offers reward for the head
of l'alash4n, iii, 26
crown of Tazhav, iii, 27
slave of Tazhav, iii, 27
head of Tazhav, iii, 28
burning the barricade at
the Kasa riid, iii, 28
going on an embassage to
Afrasiydb, iii, 29
warns Tiis to avoid Kaidt,
iii, 39
295
GENERAL INDEX
Kai Khusrau, hears of the death
of Farud and of the defeat
of the Iranians, iii, 84
wratli of, with Tiis, iii, 84
seq.. Ill
writes to Fariburz, iii, 84
disgraces Tus, iii, 86
imprisons Tus, iii, 87
pardons Tus and the fran-
ians, iii, 114
hears of the peril of the
Iranians on Mount Ham4-
wan and summons Rus-
tam, iii, 142 seq.
sends Rustam to succour
the Iranians, iii, 145
furthers the suit of Fari-
burz to Farangis, iii,
147
hears of Rustam's victory,
iii, 239
disposes of the captives and
spoil, iii, 240
sends gifts to Rustam and
the host, iii, 241
goes to meet Rustam on his
return in triumph, iii,
267
gives a feast to the chiefs,
iii, 268
rewards Rustam, iii, 269
holds a court and hears of
the doings of the div
Akwan, iii, 273
writes to summon Rustam,
iii, 274
g les to welcome Rustam on
his return from slaying
the div Akwan, iii, 282
rewards Rustam, iii, 283
hears at a feast of the case
of the Irmanians, iii, 289
calls for volunteers, iii, 291
sends Bi'zhan and Gurgin to
Irnian, iii, 292
comforts Giv for the loss
of Bizhan, in, 315, 318
imprisons Gurgin, iii, 317
promises Giv to consult the
divining-cup about Biz-
han, iii, 317
Kai Khusrau sends Giv to sum-
mon Rustam, iii, 319
sends the host to meet
Rustam, iii, 327
welcomes Rustam, iii, 328
jewelled tree of, iii, 329
requests Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 330
releases Gurgin at Rustam's
request, iii, 333
equips Rustam for his quest
of Bizhan, iii, 333
welcomes Rustam on his
return, iii, 354
rewards Rustam and his
comrades, iii, 356
holds converse with Bizhan,
iii, 356
gives gifts to Manizha, iii,
356
hears that the Turanians
are invading Iran, iv, 12
summons his paladins, iv, 13
host, iv, 14
sends Rustam to Hindustan,
iv, 14
Luhrasp to the Alans,
iv, 14
Ashkash to Kharazm, iv,
15
Gudarz to Turan, iv, 15
orders Gudarz to negotiate
with Piran, iv, 15
receives letter from Gudarz,
iv, 58
rewards Hajir, the bearer,
iv, 58
prays for victory, iv, 58
sends Hajir with answer,
iv, 61
leads a host to aid Gudarz,
iv, 62
referred to, iv, 85
presage of, that Piran would
be slain by Gudarz, iv, S^,
88
reaches Gudarz, iv, iii, 126
receives Gudarz and the
other champions, iv, 126
Gurwi brought by Giv
before, iv, 127
GESERAL INDEX
297
/
Kimsrau, lainonts uvcr
I'iraii, iv, 127
buries Pirau and the Tur-
anian ohani[)i()ns, iv, 128
puts Cuirwi to deatli, iv, 1^9
rewards the host, iv, 129
gives Ispahan to Gudarz,
iv, 129
pardons the Turanian host,
iv, 131
amulet of, iv, 133
heals Gustaham, iv, 133
summons reinforcements,
iv, 134, 145
Great War of , with Afrasiyab,
152, iv, 135 seq.
exemption of, from death,
iv, 138
recalls the troops under
Luhrasp, Kustam, and
Ashkasli, iv, 145
stations Tiis on his right
with Kawa's standard, iv,
146
gives the right wing to Rus-
tam, iv, 147
left wing to Gudarz, iv,
147
commands to various
chiefs, iv, 148, 149
hears of Afrasiyab's passage
of the Jihiin, iv, 157
sends troops to the aid of
Gustaham, son of Nau-
dar, at Balkh, iv, 157
Ashkash with a host to
Zam, iv, 157
marches to Kharazm, iv, 157
surveys the seat of war and
entrenches the host, iv,
157
Shida's embassage to, iv, 161
sends Karan to welcome
Sliida, iv, 165
proposes to figlit in single
combat, iv, 166
rejects the frdnians' sug-
gestions of a peace, iv,
167
accejjts Shi'da's challenge,
iv, 168, 169
K':ii Klnisrau, sends Karan with
a reply to Sliida, iv, i().S
arms to fight witli Sliida,
iv, 171
makes Ruhham his stand-
ard-bearer, iv, 171
sends instructions to the
host, iv, 171
parley of, with Shida, iv,
172
accepts Shida's challenge
to a wrestling-bout, iv,
175
gives Ruhham charge of his
steed, iv, 175
wrestles and overthrows
Shi'da, iv, i 75
instructs Ruhham to bury
Shida, iv, 176
spares the life of Shida's
interpreter and bids him
return to Afrasiyab with
tidings, iv, 176
prays for vengeance on, and
attacks, Afrasiyab, iv, 178
bids Shammakh attack, iv,
180
attacks with Rustam from
the centre, iv, 180
fights with Ustukila, fla and
Burzuyala, iv, 182
returns to camp, iv, 183
hears of Afrisiyab's retreat,
iv, 184
offers praise to God, iv, 184
pursues Afrasiyab, iv, 185
seq.
marches to Sughd, iv, 188
hears tidings of Afrasiyab,
iv, 188
sends Gustaham, son of
Naudar, to Chacli, iv, 188
Rustam to encounter
Tawurg, iv, 188
marches from Sughd and
reduces the Turkman
strongholds, iv, 189
to the Ciulzaryun, iv, 189
commands the centre, iv,
191
prays for victory, iv, 191
298
GENERAL INDEX
Kai Khusrau, hears of the defeat
of Kurakhaii by Gusta-
ham, son of Naudar, iv,
193
hears of Rustam's defeat
of Tawurg, iv, 193
warns Rustam to beware of
Afrasiyab, iv, 194
plunders the camp of, and
pursues, Afrasiyab, iv,
195
besieges Gang-bihisht, iv,
198, 208 seq.
converses with Rustam, iv,
198, 199, 222
receives Jahn in audience,
iv, 200
decUnes Afrasiydb's pro-
posals for peace, iv, 207
with Rustam, Gustaham
son of Naudar, and Gii-
darz, assails Gang-bihisht
on all sides, iv, 208 seq.
prays for victory, iv, 208
takes Gang-bihisht by storm,
iv, 2og seq.
searches vainly for Afra-
siyab, iv, 212
gives the spoil of Gang-
bihisht to the troops, iv,
217
grants quarter to the Turk-
mans and assumes the
government of Turan, iv,
217
dwells for a while at Gang-
bihisht, iv, 218
leaves Giidarz and Farhad
at Gang-bihisht, iv, 219
marches against Afrasiyab,
iv, 220
rejects Afrasiyab's over-
tures, iv, 223
fight a general engagement
against Afrdsiydb, iv, 223,
226
entrenches his troops and
prepares with Tiis and
Rustam for a night-at-
tack from Afrasiyab, iv,
224
Kai Khusrau, repulses Afrasi-
yab's night-attack, iv, 225
defeats Afrasiyab, iv, 227
receives the submission of
Afrasiyab's army, iv, 228
gives a feast, iv, 228
offers praise to God, iv, 228
returns to Gang-bihisht, iv,
228
accepts the submission of the
Khan and Faghfiir, iv, 229
resolves to pursue Afra-
siyab to Gang-dizh, iv,
231
plan of, opposed by the host,
iv, 231
supported by Rustam, iv,
231
agreed to by the host, iv,
232
sends Giv with Afrasiyab's
captive kindred to Kai
Kaiis, iv, 232 seq.
leaves Gustaham, son of
Naudar, in command at
Gang-bihisht and marches
to Chin, iv, 238
demands facilities from the
Khan, the Faghfiir, and
the king of Makran, iv,
238
marches through Khutan,
iv, 240
welcomed by the Faghfiir
and the Khan of Chin, iv,
240
stays three months in Chin,
iv, 241
leaves Rustam in Chin and
marches to IVIakran, iv,
241
sends an embassy to the
king of Makran, iv, 241
gives honourable burial to
the king of Makran, iv,
243
stops the pillage of Makrcin,
iv, 243
stays a year in Makran, iv,
244
makes ready a fleet, iv, 244
GENERAL INDEX
>99
Kai Kluisrau, leaves Ashkash as
governor and marches to
the desert, iv, z\\
voyage of, iv, J45
wonders of, iv, 245
lands, iv, 246
appoints Giv governor, iv,
246
receives the submission of
the chiefs, iv, 247
seeks for tidings of Gang-
dizh and of Afrasiyab, iv,
247
marches to Gang-dizh, iv,
247
forbids his troops to injure
Gang-dizh, iv, 247
enters Gang-dizh, iv, 248
searches for Afrasiyab, iv,
248
remains a year at Gang-dizh,
iv, 249
urged by his paladins to
return to Iran, iv, 249
appoints a governor for
Gang-dizh, iv, 249
distributes treasures at
Gang-dizh, iv, 250
marches seaward from Gang-
dizh, iv, 250
welcomed by Giv, iv, 250
crosses the sea to Makran,
iv, 251
welcomed in Makran by Ash-
kash and the chiefs, iv,
251
appoints a governor for
Makran, iv, 251
marches to Chin, iv, 251
welcomed by Kustam, iv,
251
confirms the Faghfiir and
Khan in the possession of
Machin and Chin, iv, 252
goes with Rustani to Siya-
wushgird, iv, 252
rewards Kustam and Giv,
iv, 252
welcomed by Gustaham, son
of Naudar, iv, 252
goes to Gang-bihisht, iv, 253
Kai Khusrau, prays for satis-
faction on Afrasiyab, iv,
253
dwells for a year in Gang-
bihisht, iv, 254
desires to return to Kai
Kcius, iv, 254
leaves Gustaham, son of
Naudar, as viceroy, iv,
254
carries off treasure from
Chin and Makran, iv, 254
arrives at Chach, iv, 255
Sughd, iv, 255
met by Khuzan and Tali-
man, iv, 255
makes offerings to the Fire-
temple at Bukhara, iv,
255
crosses the Jihun, iv, 255
arrives at Balkh, iv, 255
welcomed everywhere by
the people, iv, 255
goes by Talikan, the Marv-
riid, Nishapur, and Dam-
aghan to Rai, iv, 255
stays two weeks at Kai, iv,
256
announces his approach to
Kai Kaus, iv, 256
goes to Baghdad and thence
to Pars, iv, 256
reception of, by Kai Kaus,
iv, 256
presents gifts, and tells his
adventures, to Kai Kaiis,
iv. 257
has a feast given in his
honour by Kai Kaus, iv,
257
rewards the troops, iv, 258
takes counsel with Kai Kdus
concerning Afrasiyab, iv,
258
goes with Kai Kaus on a pil-
grimage to the temple of
Azargashasp, iv, 25S
Kai Kaus and, hear from
Giidarz of Hum's adven-
ture with Afrdsiyab, iv,
264
300
GENERAL INDEX
Kai Khiisrau.and Kai Kaus, send
for Garsiwaz, and put him
to the torture, iv, 265
shiys Afrasiyab, iv, 26S
Garsiwaz, iv, 269
Kai Kaus and, make thanks-
giving before Azargash-
asp, iv, 269
treasurer of, makes gifts to
Azargashasp, iv, 269
sends letters announcing
his triumph to all the
chiefs, iv, 270
holds festival and bestows
treasure, iv, 270
goes with Kai Kaiis in state
to the temple of Azar-
gashasp, iv, 270
performs the obsequies of
Kai Kaus, iv, 271
assumes the crown as sole
Shah, iv, 272
becomes world-weary, iv,
272
closes his court and with-
draws to his oratory, iv
274
prays that he may be taken
from the world, iv, 274
passes a week in prayer, iv,
274, 279
remonstrated with by the
nobles, iv, 275, 279
replies to the nobles, iv, 276
279
passes five weeks in prayer,
iv, 280
hears from Suriish that his
prayer is granted, iv,
280
bidden to appoint Luhrasp
as his successor, iv, 281
puts off his royal robes, iv,
281
receives Zal, Rustam, and
others in audience, iv, 283
seq.
pardons Zal, iv, 291
orders an assembly to be
held on the plain, iv,
291
Kai Khusrau, treasure of, dis-
posal of, iv, 294
found by Sikandar, 160,
vi, 176
charge of, to Giidarz, iv, 294
gifts of, to Giv, Zal, and
Rustam, iv, 295
Gustaham, iv, 295
Giidarz, iv, 295
Fariburz, iv, 295
Bizhan, iv, 295
Zal's companions, iv, 297
confirms Rustam in pos-
session of Nimruz, iv, 297 ;
V, 203
bestows Kum and Ispahan
on Giv, iv, 298
confirms the charge of
Kawa's flag, and gives
Khurasan, to Tus, iv, 300
summons and crowns Luh-
rasp, iv, 300
Zal's protest to, against
Luhrasp's succession to,
Iv, 301
justifies his choice of Luh-
rasp, iv, 301
takes leave of the franians,
iv, 303
women of, lament for him,
iv, 304
commends his women to the
honour of Luhrasp, iv, 305
dismisses the Iranians, iv,
305
counsels Luhrasp, iv, 305
bids Luhrasp farewell, iv,
306
sets forth on his pilgrimage
with some of his chiefs,
iv, 306
Indian parallel, iv, 138
again appealed to by the
franians, iv, 306
reply of, iv, 307
bids his chiefs return, iv, 307
rests with his remaining
chiefs by a spring, iv, 307
prepares for his passing, iv,
308
farewells his chiefs, iv, 30S
CKXERir. i\i)r:x
301
Kai Khusrau, warns his chiefs
of the coming of the snow,
iv, 308
disappears, iv, 308
Kai Kubad, Shah and founder
of the Kaianian dynasty,
142, i, 42, 373, 374 ; ii, 3,
8, 12, 14, 16, 18 seq., 26,
33. 34. 36. 37. 87, 143,
144, 249, 260, 270, 274,
3^7. 336. 363. 390, 394 ;
iii, 34, 49, 51. 57, 144 ;
iv. 35. 70. 149. 16S, 201,
283, 298, 302 ; V, 174,
180. 188, 189, 202, 205,
210, 221, 272 ; vi, 197,
210 ; vii, 37, 74, 115, 120,
173 ; viii, 89, 170, 260.
270, 310, 332 ; ix, 25
brought by Rustam from
Mount Alburz, i, 382 seq.
tells his dream to Rustam,
i. 385
accepted by Zal and the
other chiefs as Shah, i, 387
Reign of, 142, ii, 1 1
Note on, ii, 11
origin of, ii, 1 1 and tiote
makes peace with Afra-
siyab, ii, 20
gifts of, to Zal and Rustam,
ii, 21
descendants of, commanded
by Dilafruz, stationed on
Kai Khusrau's left hand,
iv, 147
Kai Manush, vi, 200
Kai Pasliln, son of Kai Kubdd,
ii, 3, 23, 204, 205 ; iv,
302
Kais, Arab chief, entertains
Khusrau Parwiz, viii,
250
Kaiser Friedrich Museum, viii,
192
Kait. See Kaid.
Kai Ugf, vi, 200
Kaiwan, franian statistician, vii,
1 1
Kaiwan, calculates the arrears of
taxes, vii, 1 1
Kakula, Turanian hero, iv, 188
reinforces Afrisiydb, iv, 188
Kdkwi ((/. Karkwi), grandson of
Zahhak, 141, i, 226
attacks the Iranians, i, 225
defeated and slain by Minii-
chihr, i, 227
Kalahur, warrior of Mdzandaran,
ii, 67
tries a handgrip with Rus-
tam, ii, 07
Kalat, stronghold, iii, 39 ; ix, 91
home of Farud, iii, 39
Kai Khusrau bids Tus to
avoid, iii, 39
Tiis marches to, iii, 40
captured by the Iranians,
iii, 66
Kalat-i-Nadiri, stronghold, ii,
189 ; iii, 14
described, iii, 14
Kale (Nereis), daughter of Alex-
ander in the Pseudo-Cal-
listhenes, vi, 77
Andreas, the cook, and,
legend of, vi, 77
Kalila and Dimna, Book of, 769.
See Fables of Bidpai.
Kaliniyus (Nicephorium, Callini-
cus, Wari'gh q.v., Rakka),
city situated at the junc-
tion of the Belikh and the
Euphrates, i6y, viii, 188
taken by Niishirwan, vii,
218, 257
Kalu, mountain in Turan, ii, 328'
Piran sends Kai Khusrau
to be brought up on, ii,
328
goes to see Kai Khusrau
at, ii, 329
Kalus, Ruman chief, iv, 356
sent as envoy to Ilyas, iv,
352. 358
laihrasp, iv, 357
entertained by Luhrasp, iv,
357
' Misprinted " Kalur "
302
GENERAL INDEX
to
Kalus, describes Gushtasp
Luhrasp, iv, 358
dismissed with honour, iv,
359
Kamus, Turanian hero, 148, 149,
iii, 107, 151, 152, 161, 162,
164 seq., 168 seq., 172, 176,
178, 181 seq., 200, 207,
209, 213, 216, 224, 229,
232. 235, 241, 242, 251,
252, 256, 268, 269 ; iv,
297 ; V, 167, 199, 220
Story of, of Kashan, 148, iii,
108 seq.
Firdausi on, iii, 269
comes to the aid of Piran,
iii, 151
plan of campaign of,
adopted, iii, 162
leads the attack, iii, 168
hears of the coming of Rus-
tam, iii, 175
Rustam described by Piran
to, iii, 183
challenges Rustam, iii, 187
parleys with Rustam, iii, 188
fights, and is taken prisoner
by, Rustam, iii, 1S9
end of, iii, 190
Kanabad, mountain, part of the
Binalud range north of
Nishapur in Khurasan.
The name may be preserved
in the modern Gunabad,
a village to the north of
that range, iv, 23, 37, 47,
48, 51. 55. 56, 76, 88, 112
occupied by Piran, iv, 22
Kand. See Kaid.
Kanda Gashasp, Iranian war-
rior, viii, 103, 122, 163
speech of, viii, 166
Kandahar, city in southern
Afghanistan, i, 286 ; iv,
65 ; V, 233 note
Kandake (Candace q.v., Kaidafa
q.v.), vi, 66
Kandaros. See Kaidrush.
Kandaules. See Kaidrush.
Kand-i-Shapiir. See Gund-i-
Shapiir.
Kangha (Kharazm q.v.), country,
ii, 189, 190
Kangde? (Gang-dizh q.v.),
stronghold, ii, 189, 190
Kanir. See Tainush.
Kannuj (Kanauj), city near the
west bank of the Ganges
in the division of Agra in
the United Provinces of
British India, i, 261, 357 ;
iii, 35 ; iv, 278, 283, 284 ;
V, 257 ; vi, 64, 207, 352 ;
vii, 115, 119, 123, 128,
129, 134, 137, 3''^5, 3^^.
390. 393. 425
conquest of, by Mahmud,
i, 99, 100 and note.
113
Sikandar reaches, vi, no
river of, vii, 112 and note,
390
monarch of = Shangul, vii,
140
Bahram Gur appointed heir
to, vii, 143
Karabagh (Arran), district north
of the Aras, i, 9
seat of primitive Fire-wor-
ship, i, 56
Karakh-Maishan, town built on
the lower Tigris by Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 199, 291
noie
Karan, son of Kawa, franian
hero and the mythical
progenitor of a family
famous in Ashkanian
times, 141, i, 207, 211, 214
seq., 344. 345. 3^5 ; ".
II seq., 18, 22, 119 ; iii.
9; iv, 14G ; vi, 194;
viii, 168 ; ix, 85
takes the Castle of the
Alans, i, 223 seq.
reports his success to Mini'i-
chihr, i, 225
commands Naudar's host,
i. 345
tells of his encounter with
Afrasiyab, i, 350
counsels Naudar, i, 353
GENERAL IXlJliX
3"3
Karan, son of Kawa, with
Shidi'ish and Kishwad, pur-
sues Kurakhan, i, 354
defeats and slays BdrniAn,
i. 354
defeats Wisa, i, 357
meets and defeats Shama-
sis, i. 361
bears to Zav the news of
his election as Shah, i,
370
re-appearance of, in legend,
iv, 135, 146
made champion of the host,
iv 149
sent by Kai Khusrau to
welcome Shi'da, iv, 165
bears Kai Khusrau's answer
to Shida, iv, 168
opposes and defeats Jahn,
iv, 178
family, of, vii, 171
glorification of, vii, 170
origin of, vii, . 185
rivalry of, with Mihran,
vii, 185
Karan, mountain, the name
given from the above
hero to part of the Al-
burz range which lies
between Mount Dami-
wand and Amul and
formed his principality,
and that of his descend-
ants as late as and after
the Muhammadan con-
quest, V, 112
Karan, Iranian chief, tonp. Yaz-
dagird, son of Shapiir and
Bahram Gur, vi, 394 ;
vii, 86, 90
Karan, mountain-chief, viii,
189
Karap (Karpan), v, 17
meaning of, v, 14
Kara su, river, v, 14
Karaz, viii, 252 and note.
Kargascirs, a wild tribe, i, 253
and note, 277, 279, 286,
290, 294, 298, 319, 340 ;
ii, 98; iii, 318
KarimAn. Iranian hert) and groat-
great-grandfather of Kus-
tam, ii, 4, i_'5and note,
V, 202
KdristAn, viii, 188
Karkh, suburb of Baghdad, iv,
147 ; ix, 85
Arab defeat at, ix, 85
Karkh = Khurram Ab4d (?), vi,
3-'7
Karkwi {cf. Kakwi), a descend-
ant of Zahhak, i, 290
attacks Sam, i, 290
slain by Sam, i, 291
Karma'il and Irma'il, Zahhak 's
cooks, 140
device of, i, 146
Karnamak - i - Ardshir - i -
Pipakan, Pahlavi text,
vi, 14 note, 61, 198, 301,
325 ; vii, 380
account of, vi, 195
resembles Yatkar-i-Zari-
ran, vi, 196
purport of, vi, 196
portion of Shahnama cor-
responding with, vi, 196
compared with, vi, 200
seq., 205 seq., 255 seq.
Firdausi and, vi, 196
polo episode in, vi, 196
Karnapr.ivaram :s, vi, 80
Karpan (Karap q.v.), v, 14
Karsan, viii, 188, 232
gates of, shut against Khus-
rau Parwi'z, viii, 252
walls of, fall down, viii, 253
Khusrau Parwiz stays at,
viii, 253
Karshipta, mythical bird, i, 235
Karsiyun, Turanian hero, iv, 10
Karun, mountain. See Karan.
Kariin, river joining the Shat al
Arab at its delta, vi, igg
note
dam on, vi, 295
Kdsa rud (Kashaf q.v.), river,
147, iii, 28, 68, 69, 71. 72.
82, 105 ; iv, 90
barricade at the, iii, 29
bi^rnt by Civ, iii, 73
304
GENERAL INDEX
Kashaf (Kasa riid q.v.), river in
north-eastern Khurasan,
i, 235, 296
story of the dragon of, i, 296
seq.
Kashan (Kasan, town in Farg-
hana, north of the Jax-
artcs ?), iii, 108, 151, 170,
177, 180, 181, 188, 192,
204, 207, 224, 237, 242 ;
iv, 189 ; V, 39 ; vii, 331,
334
Kamiis of, Story of, 14S, iii
108 seq.
in Turan, iii, 108
in fran, iii, 109
man of=Kamus, iii, 189
Kashan, city between Ispahan
and Kum, iii, 109
Kashmar. See Kishmar.
Kashmigan, son of Farrukhzad,
ix, 92
Kashmihan, place north-east of
Marv, vii, 89
Bahram Gur's victory at,
vii, 90
Siifarai's victory at, vii, 170
note, 176
Kashmir, country, i, 113 ; ii, 271,
338 ; iii, 35. 152,237,251 ;
iv, 14, 60, 65 ; V, 263 ;
vii, 395, 396, 421
king of, vi, 31
monarch of, entertained by
Bahram Giir, vii, 140 seq.
Kastantaniya (Constantinople),
viii, 265
Kastarit. See Kyaxares.
Kaswin. See Kazwin.
Kat (Ivath), one of the two
capitals of Kharazm
(Gurganj being the other)
situated on the right
bank of the Oxus, iii, 152
Katayi'in (Nahid), daughter of
Caesar, wife of Gushtasp,
and mother of Asfandiyar,
154. I5^K ii, 3 ; iv, 34^ ;
V, II, 253
referred to, i, 55 ; v, 205,
249. 252
Katayun, eldest daughter of
Caesar, iv, 348
Story of, 154, iv, 329. seq
marriage of, iv, 329 seq.
dreams of Gushtasp, iv, 329
sees and chooses Gushtasp
for her husband, iv, 330
marries Gushtasp, iv, 331
sells a jewel, iv, 332
discovers that Gushtasp is
of royal race, iv, 340
persuades Gushtasp to go
to the Sports on Caesar's
riding-ground, iv, 349
Caesar reproached by Gush-
tasp for his unkindness to,
iv, 350
reconciled to Caesar, iv, 351
referred to, iv, 358
receives gifts from Caesar, iv,
363
goes to Iran with Gush-
tasp, iv, 364
sons of, v, 32
counsels Asfandiyar, v, 168,
175
ancestry of, v, 205
Asfandiyar's last message
to, v, 249
laments over Asfandiyar, v,
252
consoled by Bishiitan, v, 255
Katib, Arab chief, vi, 21, 65, 120
Katmara, Iranian hero, iv, 92
put in command of the right
wing, iv, 92
Kaus, Shah. See Kai Kaus.
brand-mark of, iii, 291
Kaus, son of Shah Kubad, vii,
316
Kavarazem (Gurazm q.v.), v, 12
Kavi (Kai), ii, 8
Usa, ii, 25
Kavi (Kavig), v, 14
Kavig (Kavi), v, 17
meaning of, v, 14
Kavi Husravah (Kai Khusrau
q. v.), iv, 137, 138
Kdvya Ushana (Kai Kaus, q. v.)
ii, 25
Kavyan (Kaian), ii, 3
GENERAL INDEX
3^5
Kawa, the smith, 140, i, 155 seq.,
207, 214 ; iv, 165, 178 ;
vii, 185 ; viii, 72 ; ix, 30
Zahh4kand, Story of, 140, i,
154 seq.
revolts and goes to Faridun,
i. 157
leads I'aridun's van, i, 160
flag of, i, 143, 160. 211, 217,
218, 237, 332 ; ii, 12, 227,
341. 349. 354. 400, 402,
405, 406, 410 ; iii, 25, 38,
39, 48, 84, 85, 116, 121,
126, 129, 135 seq., 149.
161 ; iv, 24, 25, 34, 55,
59, 92, 112, 146, 180, 226,
243, 282, 292, 359 ; vi,
347 ; vii, 250 ; viii, 385 ;
ix, 30, 67
origin of, i, 157
Bizhan's prowess with, iii,
93
half of, taken by Piran,
iii, 94
staff of, cloven by Piilad-
wand, iii, 258
Tiis confirmed in charge
of, by Kai Khusrau, iv,
300
rescued by Gira.mi,v, 59,69
Kawian, standard, i, 211
Kazirim, town west of Shiraz, vi,
199
Kazwi'n, city north-west of Tih-
ran, v, 30
Kerdtor. See Tainiish.
Keresasp, Keresaspa, Iranian
hero, i, 234, 235, 373 ; ii, 4
account of, in the Zanda-
vasta, i, 172
later development of, i, 174
Kcresavasda (Garsiwaz q.v.), ii,
1S9 ; iv, 137
Khalaj (Kharlikh), a Turkish
tribe dwelling north of the
Jaxartcs and cast of
Tdshkand, vii, 92
Khalid, famous Arab general
temp. Muhammad, v, I2
begins hostilities against
Persian Empire, ix, 66
VOL. IX.
Khdlid, recalled to lead Syrian
campaign, iv, 66
Khallukh (c/. Khalaj), iv, 10,
156; v. 42, 44, 55. 61, 74,
90, 107, 112, 157, 242, 255
Khdn of Chin, the, temp. Kai
Kai'is, ii, 383
temp. Kai Khusrau, 148, 149,
iii, 108, 160 seq., 164 seq.,
172, 175 seq., 181, 184,
1S7, igoseq., 196, igSseq.,
205, 207 seq., 215, 217, 221
222, 226 seq., 235, 241,
242, 251, 252, 256, 268,
320 ; iv, 60, 135, 2385^5. ;
V, 199, 220
Khan of Chin = Arj asp, v, 47, 51,
72
temp. Sikandar, ambassadors
from, come to Dara, vi, 35
temp. Bahram Gur, 165, vii,
49, 91. 93. 97. loi, I"
invades Iran, vii, 84
responds graciously to the
franians' embassage, vii,
88
gives himself up to pleasure
at Marv, vii, 88
fate of, in war A^ith Bahram
Giir, vii, 5, 90
crown of, placed in a Fire-
temple, vii, 95
Khushnawaz, son of, vii,
165
temp. Nushirwan, 16S, vii, 1S6,
328 seq. ; viii, 43, 52, 87,
89, 97 5^^.
daughter of, married to
Nushirwan, 16S, vii, 213,
357
historically ruler of the
Turks, vii, 317
relations of, with Nushir-
wdn, vii, 88
the Haitalians, vii, 317,
328 seq.
embassy of, to Niishirwdn,
vii, 329
hears of the destruction of
his embassy by the Hai-
tdlians, vii, 330
u
3o6
GENERAL INDEX
Khan of Chin, leads forth his
troops, vii, 330
defeats the Haitahans, vii,
332
Nushirwan takes counsel
about, vii, 333, 334
descent of, from Afrasiyab
and Arjasp, vii, 334,
Nushirwan writes to, vii,
337
purposes to invade Iran, vii,
337
hears of Nushirwan's ad-
vance, vii, 338
takes counsel, vii, 338
sends embassy to Nushir-
wan, vii, 339
hears his envoy's account
of Nushirwan, vii, 344
offers to make affinity with
Nushirwan, vii, 345
attempts to outwit Nushir-
wan, vii, 351
gives audience to Mihran
Sitad, vii, 351
invites Mihran Sitad to
choose a wife for Nushir-
wan, vii, 352
consults the astrologers, vii,
354
entrusts his daughter to
Mihran Sitad, vii, 354
gives presents to Mihran
Sitad, vii, 356
parts with his daughter at
the Jihiin, vii, 356
daughter of, 16S
described, vii, 352, 357
evacuates territory, vii,
358
Khan of Chin {see too Parmuda),
temp, Hurmuzd, Khusrau
I'arwiz, and Yazdagird,
171. 173, viii, 141 seq.,
190, lyi, 204, 215, 220,
263 seq., 306, 316 seq.,
342 seq., 346 seq., 351,
352. 356, 357. 3(>3 ; ix,
87, 102
supposed war of, with Hur-
muzd, viii, 72
Khan of Chin, marriage of
daughter of, with Nushir-
wan referred to, viii, 72
letter of, viii, 77
dismissed by Hurmuzd with
gifts, viii, 152
refuses advances of Bahram
Chiibiiia, viii, 153
becomes friends with Bah-
ram Chubina, viii, 172
brother of, 173, viii, 190, 191
reports flight of Curdya,
viii, 351
ordered to go in puisuit,
viii, 331
parley of, with Giirdya,
viii, 3.52
daughter of, viii, 190
killed by lion-ape, 173,
viii, 322, 324
queen of, viii, 190
asks Bahram Chubina to
avenge her daughter, viii,
324
disgraced, viii, 344
welcomes Bahram Chubina,
viii, 316
swears friendship with Bah-
ram Chubina, viii, 317
dominated by Makatiira,
viii, 317
advised by Bahram Chubina
to slight Makatiira, viii,
318
views fight between Bahram
Chubina and Makatiira,
viii, 320
sends gifts to Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 321
refuses to give up Bahram
Chubina, viii, 329
distrust Bahr4m Chu-
bina, viii, 334
impress of seal of, obtained
by Kharrad, viii, 338
burns Kuliin's kindred, viii,
334
seeks in vain for Ivharrad,
viii, 344
mourns for P.ahram Chu-
bina, viii, 344
GENERAL ISDEX
307
Khan of Chin, brother of, 77J
= Bizhan, ix, 97
Kh^nagf, Ruman noble, viii, 375,
378
leads Cajsar's embassy to
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 374
Khusrau Parwiz' gifts to,
viii, 382
returns to Rum, viii, 382
Khin-i-lrman (Arman q.v.), iii,
290
Khanjast (Chijast, Urumiah),
lake in Azarbaijan, iv,
136, 2O4 ; viii, 282
Khar (Khuvar) of Rai, district
and town (now Aradun),
so called to distinguish
it from a town of the same
name in Pars, situated
south-east of Tihran, i,
368, 374, 381
Kharazm (Khiva), country, ii,
189, 190 ; iv, II, 12, 15,
60, 61, 72, 137, 173, 186,
287 ; vi, 72 ; vii, 238,
359
Kharazmians, people, ii, 190 ;
vi, 72
Kharijites, Muhammadan sect, i,
13
Kharrad, Iranian hero, i, 365 ;
ii. II, 22, 33, 73, 340;
iii, 115. 127, 139, 211,
273, 289 ; iv, 15
Kharrad, nonce name assumed
by Asfandiydr, v, 146,
140
Kharrad, temp. Ardshir Papa-
kdn, Iranian warrior, 161,
vi, 284
takes Ardawcin prisoner, vi,
228
temp. Bahrim Gur, frdnian
chief, vii, 85
temp. Kubid son of Piruz,
archimage, vii, 207
temp. Nushirwin = (?) the
above, vii, 251
Kharrad. sacred Fire, vi, 212
and note, 226, 391
Kharrad. bower of, vii, 83
Kharrad, son of Barzin (Hur-
muzd Gan'ibzin or Galab-
zin), iyi-iy3, viii, 74, 76,
iSSseq., 205, 225, 257 seq..
269, 270, 331 scq., 381 ;
ix, 4, II, 12, 24
sent by Hurmuzd as envoy
to S4wa, viii, no
beguiles S4wa and flees, viii,
III
flight of, reported to Sawa,
viii, 112
counsels Bahram Chubina,
viii, 121
seeks, refuge, viii, 123
counts Iranian slain, viii,
127
blames and counsels Bahram
Chubina for his behaviour
to Parmuda, viii, 144,
146
questions Bahram Chubina
on his adventure with the
onrger, viii, 15S
flees from Balkk with arch-
scribe, viii, 159
makes report of Bahram
Chubina to Hurmuzd, viii,
160
real name of, viii, 190
waits on Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 252
speech of, to Caesar, viii, 259,
275
masters Caesar's talismans,
viii, 274, 275
Ca^sar's gift to, viii, 278
praised by Ca\sar, viii, 279
made chief minister, viii, 314
speech of, to Khcin, viii, 332
attempts to prejudice Bah-
ram Chubina to the Kh^n,
viii, 333
intrigues against BahrAm
Chubina, viii, 334 secj.
cures daughter of queen of
Chin, viii, 336
incites Kulun to kill Bahram
Chubina, viii, 337
asks boon of queen of Chin,
viii, 33'"^
3o8
GENERAL INDEX
Kharrad, returns to fran and is
rewarded, viii, 345
reads out Caesar's letter to
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 376
end of, ix, 4
chosen to visit Khusrau
Parwiz at Taisafun, ix, 9
Ashtad and, parley with
Galiniish, ix, 1 1
visit Khusrau Parwiz, ix,
12
report to Shirwi, ix, 27
Kharrad, franian general, de-
feats Khazars, viii, 96
Kharrad, father of Hurmuzd, ix,
102
Khashash, Turanian hero, v, 47
made leader of the van, v,
46
Khata (Cathay), northern China,
ii. 357
Khatlan (Khuttal), a general
name for the non-Muham-
madan regions to the
north and east of Khura-
san ( = Haital ) , more
specifically a district on
the right bank of the
upper Oxus west of, or
forming part of, Badakh-
shan, iii, 218, 228 ; iv,
65 ; vii, 94, 331, 359
Khatun, consort of the Khan of
Chin, vii, 5
fate of, in war with Bahram
Giir, vii, 5
Khawar, the West or Khura-
san ( ? ) , perhaps = Khar
q.v., iv, 147, 148. Cf.
Karan (mountain).
Khazar, Khazars, region and
people north of the Cau<
casus, i, 1 7 ; ii, 285 ; iv,
71.316, 352 55^., 358, 361 ;
vii, 83, 214, 224 ; viii,
94. 377. 379
invasion of, viii, 72, 93
defeated, viii, 96
Khazarwan, Turanian hero, 142
Shamasas and, invade Zabu-
listan, i, 345, 358
Khazarwan parleyed with by
Mihrab to gain time, i,
358
slain by Zal, i, 360 ; ii, 18
Khazarwan, temp. Bahram Giir,
king of Gilan, vii, 85
takes the Khan prisoner,
vii, 90
Khazarwan, franian noble, temp.
Khusrau Parwiz, speech
of, viii, 241
Khazra, treasure, viii, 406 and
note
Khilafat, the, i, 12 seq.
Khil'at, robe of honour, i, 82
Khir, place on the south-western
shore of Lake Niris in
Pars, vi, 198
Khisr (Al Khidr, q.v.), chief and
prophet, vi, 159
goes with Sikandar to the
Gloom, vi, 159
parts company with Sikan-
dar, vi, 160
finds the Fount of Life, vi,
160
Khiva (Kharazm), country, ii,
190
Khorasan. See Khurasan.
Khshathro-saoka (Gang-dizh ?),
stronghold, ii, 189, 190
Khudai-n4ma (Bastan-Nama), i,
66 ; V, 24
Khurasan, province in north-
eastern fran, iy6, ii, 399 ;
iv, 148, 203 ; V, 28, 77 ;
vi, 242, 301 ; vii, loo,
214, 224, 237, 335 ; viii,
78, 94, 241, 313, 355, 369;
ix, 59, 69, 87, 88, 92
Narsi made ruler of, vii,
99
governor of, viii, 75
prince of, viii, 173
Maliwi becomes master of,
ix, 114
Khurasan, chieftain, viii, 241
speech of, viii, 240
Khurasani. See IMakh.
Khurdad, amcshaspenta, i, 88 ;
iii, 287, 328
GENERAL INDEX
309
Khiirdad, month and day, i, 88,
I5() ; vii. 11^, 225, 351 ;
viii. J 5. 173
Khurm, seat of an oracle, vi, 82
UR-aning of, \-i, Sj
oracle of, consulted, vi, 184
Khurra-i-Ardshir. See Ardshir
Iv hurra.
Khurram Abad (Karkh ?), city,
vi, 327, 357 and note
Khurshi'd, genius and day, i, 88 ;
V, 92 note
Khurshid, Iranian chief, viii,
270, 296
Khushnawaz, ruler of the Haita-
lians, 166, vii, 194, 198,
359 ; viii, 75, 168, 242,
245. ^67
Piruz advances against, vii,
164
writes to Piruz, vii, 165
appeals to Bahram Giir's
treaty, vii, 166
prayer of, to God, vii, 167
digs a trench, vii, 67
defeats Piruz by a feint, vii,
168
correspondence of, with
Siifarai, vii, 174 seq.
defeated by Siifarai, vii,
177
takes refuge in Kuhandizh,
vii, 177
sues for peace, vii, 178
releases Kubad, Ardshir, and
other captives, and gives
up the spoil, vii, 180
Khusrau, Shah. See Kai Khus-
rau.
Khusrau, Iranian noble, 163,
164, vi, 408
elected Shah in succession
to Yazdagird son of Shi-
pur, vi, 395 ; vii, 1 1
proposes that Bahrcim Gur
shall begin the ordeal, vi,
409
does homage to BahrAm Giir,
vi, 410
honoured by Bahram Cair,
vii. 10
Khusrau, father of Khazarwan,
viii, 241, 29O (?)
Khusrau Parwiz, son of Hur-
muzd, Shdh, iyi-175, v,
294, 306 note ; vi, 3 ; viii,
71, 74, 170, 173, 174, i8i,
182, 191 seq., 216, 304,
306, 316, 334, 335. 342.
358. 367 seq., 395 note,
413 note ; ix, 4 seq., 1 1,
12, 25, 26 note, 30, 31, 33
seq., 38 seq., 45 seq.
horse of, story of, viii, 91
Hurmuzd plots to kill, viii.
174
flees, viii, 175
adherents gather round,
viii, 175
swear fealty to, viii, 176
goes to Baghdad, viii, 184
visits Hurmuzd in prison,
viii, 185, 198, 230
extensive historical con-
quests of, viii, 187
materials for reign of, in
Shahnama, viii, 187
flight of, historical, from
Ctesiphon, viii, 188
affects Christianity in exile,
viii, 188
helped on terms by Emperor
Maurice, viii, 188
historical campaign of,
against Bahrim Chvibina,
viii, 189
visits of, to Fire-temple at
Shiz, viii, 190, 283, 307,
312
Nu'man bin Munzir exe-
cuted by, viii, 190
triumphal arch of, viii,
192
Assurbanipal and, reigns of,
compared, viii, 193
fall of, historical account of,
viii, 193 seq.
attempts of Heraclius to
make peace with, viii, 194,
195
treatment of defeated gen-
erals by, viii, i<)4
3IO
GENERAL INDEX
Khusrau Parwiz, prediction con-
cerning, viii, 194
Reign of, 796, viii, 186 seq.
Note on, viii, 186 seq.
Hurmuzd's requests to, viii,
1 99
spies' report of Bahrain
Chubina to, viii, 201
takes counsel, viii, 202
marches to meet Bahram
Chubina, viii, 203
interview of, with Bahram
Chubina, viii, 204 seq.
attacked by Turk and saved
by Gustaham, viii, 220
dissuaded from making a
night-attack, viii, 224
troops of, tampered with by
Bahram Chubina, viii,
226
sends away his baggage,
viii, 228
combat of, with Bahram
Chubina, viii, 228, 229
retreats to, and holds, the
bridge of Nahrawan, viii,
228
worsts Yalan-sina, viii, 229
flees to Taisafiin, viii, 229
counselled by Hurmuzd,
viii, 230
prepares to flee, viii, 231
takes refuge in a shrine,
viii, 233
arrives at Babil, viii, 249
entertained by Kais, viii, 250
Mihran Sitad, viii, 251
town of Karsan and, viii,
252
interview of, with Hermit,
viii, 254
warned against Gustaham,
viii, 255, 256
welcomed by Caesar, viii,
257
takes up his abode at
Warigh, viii, 257
instructs his embassy to
Cassar, viii, 257
Caesar offers daughter to,
viii, 266
Khusrau Parwiz, accepts Casar's
offer, viii, 269, 270
welcomes Niyatiis and
Waryam, viii, 280
marches to Diik, viii, 282
Mausii anil, viii, 283
returns to Duk, viii, 284
Dara Panah goes over to,
viii, 286
forges letter to Bahram
Chubina, viii, 286
sends corpse of Kut to
Csesar, viii, 291
decides to fight without
Ruman help, viii, 292, 293
arrays his host, viii, 293
resolves to fight in person,
viii, 295
bodyguard of, viii, 296
leaves Bahram in charge of
host, viii, 296
flees from Bahram Chubina,
viii, 298
saved by Suriish, viii, 299
returns to Niyatiis and
Maryam, viii, 299
suspected of Christian ten-
dencies, viii, 308
gives banquet to Niyatiis
and Riimans, viii, 309
restores captured cities to
I^iim, viii, 312
makes Ivharrad, son of Bar-
zin, chief minister, viii,
314
proclamation of, viii, 314
demands extradition of Bah-
ram Chubina, viii, 328
advised to send envoy to
Khan, viii, 329
resolves to put Bandwi to
death, viii, 354
summons Gustaham, viii,
355
hears of Gurdya's doings,
viii, 356, 358
writes to Gurdya viii, 359
hears of the death of Gusta-
ham, viii, 362
welcomes Gurdya to court,
viii, 362
GENERA f. rXDF.X
3TT
Kliusraii Parwiz, Giinlya (Iri'sses
up to please, viii. 303
warned by Shirin against
(iiinlya, \iii, 304
makes Cjiialya overseer of
royal bower, viii, 364
oppresses Rai, viii, 365
relieves Rai, viii, 368
organizes the realm, viii, 3G9
seq.
puts to death adherent? of
Bandwi and Ciustaham,
viii, 370
consults astrologers on birth
of Shirwi, viii, 372
grieved at Shirwi's horo-
scope, viii, 372
consults the high priest,
viii, 372
writes to Caesar, viii, 373
Caesar's embassy to, viii,
374
gives Caisar's gifts to Shi'rwi,
viii, 381
presents to Khanagi, viii,
3S2
and Shirin, ix, 7
Story of, 174, viii, 382 seq.
equipage of, for the chase,
viii, 384
married to Shirin, viii, 386
justifies his marriage, viii,
388
gives gilded chamber to
Shirin, viii, 389
displeasured with Shirwi,
viii, 390
and throne of Takdis, viii,
391 seq.
palace of, story of, viii, 400
seq.
Farghan and, viii, 401 seq.
imprisons Riiman artificers,
viii, 402
releases Riiman artificers,
viii, 403
treasures of, viii, 406
Guraz intrigues against, viii,
408
device of, against Gurdz and
Caesar, viii, 409
Khusrau Parwiz, sends Farrukh-
zad to the host, viii,
hears Kubad proclaimed
Shah, viii, 416
arms and hides in ganlen,
viii, 417
palace of, plundered viii,
418
discovered, viii, 419
holds talk with Farrukhzad,
viii, 420
recalls former presage, viii,
420
imprisom-d, viii, 421
duration of reign of, viii,
421 ,
charges against, ix, 4, 5, 9,
10
reply of, to charges, ix, 5,
14 seq.
Haram of, ix, 4, 5
last days of, Theophanes'
account of, ix, 6
Shirwi's treatment of, ix, 7
sons of, executed, ix, 7, 35
imprisoned at Taisafiin, ix,
9
companioned by Shirin, ix,
29
Barbad visits, ix, 29
laments over, ix, 30
steed of, ix, 30
son of, ix, 31
referred to, ix, 33 and tiote
kingdom of Hira abolished
by, ix, 66
Muhammad's letter to, ix,
66
Khusrau and Shirin, Persian
poem, viii, 192
Khusrau, father of Piruz, 175,
vii, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 57
Khusrau, a miller, ij6, ix, 99.
See Miller.
Khutan, town and district in
eastern Turkistan, 146,
ISO, ii, 277, 288, 325, 357,
383 ; iii, 107. 242, 247 ;
iv, 26, 219 ; vii, 84, 115,
330. 334. 35'J
31^
GENERAL INDEX
Khutan, raided by Giv, iii, 247
monarch of, iv, 1 1
Afrasiyab, iv, 230
Kai Khusrau marches
through, iv, 240
people of, make submission
to Nushirwan, vii, 360
Khuza' Arab tribe, vi, 63
rule of, ended by Sikandar,
vi, 120
Khuzan, a king of Pars, iv, 146,
191
meets Kai Khusrau in
Sughd, iv, 255
Khiizians, people of Khuzistan,
q.v., iv, 146
Khuzistan (Susiana, 'Arabistan),
province at the head of
the Persian Gulf, vi, 290
and note, 298, 327, 357 ;
viii, 109 and note, 193
annexed by Arabs, ix, 68
Khuzra, treasure, ix, 20
Khvaituk-das, i, 60
Catullus on, i, 60
Khyons (Hvyaonas), v, 13, 25
Kibchak, region east of the Jax-
ates and north of Tash-
kand, iv, 254 ; ix, 93
Kibtfs, vi, 397 and note
Kimak, a river in Kibchak, iv,
203, 231
Kimmerians, the, i, 17
Kinam-i-Asiran, near to, or iden-
tical with, the ruins of
Shiis (Siis, Susa), vi, 327,
357 and note
King, the ideal, iii, 16
of kings, title of, vi, 193, 197
meaning of, in Achae-
menian and Parthian
times, vi, 198
assumed by Ardshir Papa-
kan, vi, 193, 199, 254,
258, 273
of the Commons, vii, 3
piece in chess, vii, 382, 385
position of, vii, 388, 422
check to, vi', 422
mate to, vii, 423
piece in nard, vii, 382, 389
Kings, Book of, Firdausi's, i, 43
i IVrsian, viii, 73
Tribal. See Tribal.
Kirman, region in southern Iran,
15S, iv, 146 ; vi, 31, 47,
57. 59. 199. 202, 205, 245,
252 ; vii, 214 ; viii, 313
Dara retires to, vi, 46
etymology of, vi, 204, 236
Ardshir Papakan's invasion
of, vi, 205, 245
Kirmanshah, title, vi, 313, 368
Kirmanshah, city between Bagh-
dad and Hamadan, vii,
187 ; viii, 192
Kirmanshahan, city in Kirman,
south of Yazd, vi, 368
Kirwan (Karwan, district north
of Jaxartes ?), ix, 93
Kirwi, Iranian noble, vii, 23
story of, vii, 22
Kishmar, plape south of Nisha-
pur in the Kuhistan dis-
trict of Khurasan, v, 35
Cypress of, v, 27
account of, v, 28, 34
Gushtasp and, v, 34
Kishwad, Iranian hero, father
of Gudarz, 151, i, 207,
344. 365 ; ii. 4. II. 12,
18,22, 33, 70, 73, 107, 112,
138. 318, 384, 399, 404,
409 ; iii, 19, 24, 33, 45,
100, 121, 123, 126, 143,
154, 187, 215, 289, 302,
305. 308, 311, 327, 339;
iv, 20, 32, 35, 63, 147,
174, 180, 263, 294, 310,
360, viii, 104
Karan, Shidiish, and, pursue
Kurukhan, i, 354
sent by Zal to release the
Iranian captives, i, 367
Kishwaristan, Iranian hero, iv,
148
commands the troops from
Barbaristan and Rum, iv,
148
Kisra, Shah, 166. See Nushir-
wan.
Kitradad, Nask, i, 373
GENERAL INDEX
3^5
Knathaiti, Pairika, female per-
sonification of idolatry, i,
172
Kobad, Shah. See Kubad.
Ktesias, Greek historian (5th
century B.C.), vi, 13, 68
legend of Cyrus in, ii, 9 ; vi,
195
Gutschmid on, vi, 195
account of Scmiramis in, v,
293
Persica of, v, 293
Kubad, Iranian hero, brother of
Karan, 142, i, 207
acts as Minuchihr's scout, i,
217
parleys with Tiir, i, 217
accepts Barman's challenge
to single combat, i, 347
dissuaded by Karan, i, 347
reply of, i, 347
fights and is slain, i, 348
Kubad, Shah. See Kai Kubad.
Kubad, son of Piriiz and father
of Nushirwan, Sh4h (Ko-
bad), 166, vi, 3, 208 ;
vii, 179 seq. and note, 226,
247 ; viii, 25, 46, 72. 168,
169. 245, 265, 285, 312,
369 ; ix, 22, 25
captivity of, among the
Haitalians, vii, 160
leads the rearguard in the
war with the Turkmans
(Haitalians), vii, 164
taken prisoner, vii, 168
released, vii, 180
made Shah instead of Bal-
ash, vii, 182, 188
Reign of, 166, vii, 183 seq.
Note on, vii, 183 seq.
historical sketch of, vii,
183
title of, viii, 183 and note
reform of taxation by, vii,
183 note, 215
with the help of Shdpur of
Kai overthrows and puts
Sufarai to death, vii, 191
seq.
dethroned, vii, 184, 195
Kub4d, imprisoned, vii, 184
escapes, vii, 184, 197
marriage of, vii, 1S4, 1S6,
198
gives his wife a signet-ring,
vii, 198
cedes Chaghdn to the Hai-
talians in return for their
help, vii, 198
goes to Ahwaz, vii, 19S
hears of the birth of Nushir-
wan, vii, 199
marches on Taisafun, vii,
199
pardons the Iranians and
Jamasp, vii, 200
makes Rizmihr chief minis-
ter, vii, 200
wars of, with Riim, vii, 187,
200
takes cities from Rum, vii,
200
makes his capital at Ma-
da'in, vii, 201
builds a city and hospital,
vii, 20 1
drought in reign of, vii, 201
Mazdak and, vii, 1S4, 201
seq.
Mazdak's parable to, vii,
201
converted by Mazdak, vii,
184, 204
presides over the disputa-
tion between Nushirwan
and Mazdak, vii, 207
gives judgment against Maz-
dak, vii, 208
hands over Mazdak and
his followers to Nushir-
wan, vii, 208
repentence of, vii, 209
testament of, vii, 210, 316
age of, vii, 210
death of, vii, 210
sons of, vii, 316
Kubdd (Shirwi q.v.), son of Khus-
rau Parsviz and Maryam,
Sh4h, lys, viii, 190, 196 ;
ix, 3 seq., 9, 11, 12, 14, 24,
3^. 47. (^4
314
GENERAL INDEX
Kubad (Shi'rwi'), secret and public
names of, viii, 371, /|i6
proclaimed Shah, viii, 416
imprisons i\liusr,ui Parwiz,
viii, 421
accedes to throne, viii, 421
Reign of, 175, ix, 3
Note on, ix, 3
tragic, ix, 3
pestilence during, ix, 3
boorishness of, ix, 3
difficult situation of, ix, 3
reproached by his sisters, ix,
7
Kubad, son of Jam son of Kubad,
vii, 316
plot to make, Si\ah, vii, 316
Kubard, Turanian hero, iv, 190
commands the left, iv, 190
Kiich, tribe or town (Kuk ?) in
Kirman, ii, 226
Kufa, city west of the Euphrates
and in the neighbourhood of
Mashad 'AU (Nedjef), viii,
190 ; ix, 68, 69
wood of, vi, 381
founded by Sa'ad, ix, 67
Kiih, nonce name assumed by
Human, iii, 198
Kuhandizh (Baigand q.v.), vii,
177
Khiishnawaz takes refuge in,
vii, 177
Kuhila, Turanian hero, iv, 181
slain by Minuchihr, iv, 181
Kuhistan, generally a mountain-
ous region, particularly
that of northern Iran,
Parthia, or of the high
ranges further south, but
in the Shahnama = Ma
wara'u'n-Nahr (Transox-
ania), ii, 199
Kuhram, Turanian hero, 13T, ii,
349
chosen to fight with Barta,
iv, 97 ; V, 29
» slain by Barta, iv, 103
Kuhram, brother or son of Ar-
jksp, 156, v, 29, 58, 89
seq., 10b seq., 112, 141, 159
Kuhram, commands one wing of
the host, V, 46
in chief, v, 56
sent by Arja;s[) to attack
Balkh, V, 90
troops of, storm Balkh, burn
the Fire-temple, and slay
Zarduhsht and the priests,
V, 92
stationed on the left, v, 95
mortally wounds Farshid-
ward, v, 95
appointed by Arjasp to send
away the spoil of Balkh
in the charge of his
younger brothers, v, loS
commands the right, v, no
defeated by Asfandiyar, v,
no
bidden to prepare for war,
V, 151
retreats to the Brazen Hold,
V, 152
mistakes Bishutan for As-
fandiyar, v, 152
hears the cries of the Iran-
ian watch from the Brazen
Hold and takes counsel
with Andariman, v, 155
makes for the Brazen Hold
with his troops, v, 156
pursued by Asfandiyar, v,
156
encountered and taken
prisoner by Asfandiyar,
V, 157
executed, v, 15S and note
Kujaran, city and province on
the Persian CJulf, vi, 205,
206, 232
Haftwid migrates from, to
stronghold, vi, 235
Kulbad, Turanian hero, brother
of Piran, 146, 131, i, 92,
342 ; ii, 18, 264, 388 ;
iii, 166, 177, 198, 199, 205,
210, 222, 231, 234, 252 ;
iv, 10, 26
wounded by Zal, i, 361
death and revival of, in
legend, ii, 119
GENERAL INDEX
3^5
Kiilbid, pursues Kai Khusrau, ii,
377 *■'•'/•
chosen to figlit with I'ari-
burz, iv, <)7
shiiu by Fariburz, iv, yy
Kuluu, Turauian hero, i, 382, 387
sent by Afrasiyab to inter-
cept Rustam, i, 3S3
slain by Rustam, i, 386
Kulun, Turk in league with
Kharrad against Bahram
Chubina, Jyj, viii, 335
incited by Kharrad to kill
Bahr4m Chubina, viii, 337
arrives at Marv by help of
Khan's seal, viii, 339
seeks interview with Bah-
ram Chubina, viii, 339
stabs Bahram Chubina, viii,
340
maltreated, viii, 340
kindred of, burnt, viii, 344
Kum, city in 'Irak 'Ajami,
between Tihran and Ka-
shan, ii, 399
bestowed on Giv by Kai
Kaus, ii, 399
Kai Khusrau, iv, 298
Kumar, city or cape in India, ii,
103 and note
Kundrav, minister of Zahhak,
140
mythological origin of, i, 143
Faridiin and. Story of, 140,
i, 164
goes to Zahhak with tidings
of Faridun, i, 165
Kundur, Turanian hero, iii, 152,
185, 210, 215, 251 ; v,
112,
worsted by Rustam, iii, 224
stationed on the right, v, 94
Kunduz (Kuhandizh, Baigand
q.v.), iv, 151
Afrasiydb encamps at, iv,
151
marches from, iv, 154
Kur (Cyrus), river in Transcau-
casia flowing into the
Caspian sea, v, 13
Kuraish, Arab tribe, vi, 65
Kurakhdn. son of Afrasiyiib, i,
! <>2 ; iv, 10
counsels Afrasiyab, iii, 301
summoned and sent with
troops to Bukliara by
Afrasiyiib, iv, 154
joined by Afrasiyab, iv, 186
defeated by (iustaham son
of Naudar, iv, 193
defeat of, announced to
Afrasiyab, iv, 194
Kurakhan, governor of Balkh,
viii, 22
Kuran, vi, 65 ; viii, 277 note ;
ix, 81 aiul nule
quoted, i, 99 ; v, 166 ; viii,
42, 192 ; ix, 81 and note
references to Alexander the
Great in, vi, 15, 78, 84
legend of Moses and the
salt fish in, vi, 77
Gog and Magog in, vi, 78
Kurd, Kurds, the people of
Kurdistan q.v., 161 , i, 9 ;
vi, 193, 203, 257
language, i, 64
legend of the origin of the,
i, 146
Ardshir Papakan 's war with,
in Karnamak, vi, 196,
206, 256
Shahuama, vi, 230 seq.
Kurdistan, mountainous region
north of Mesopotamia, vi,
330
Kurdzad, daughter of Mihrak
q.v.
Kuria Muria Islands, off the
southern coast of Arabia,
vi, 72
Kurukhan, Turanian warrior, i,
353
sent by Afr4siy4b to attack
Pars, i, i^i
Kurus, Indian tribal race, iv,
388
Kus, i, 177. See Tammi'sha.
Kiit, Ri'iman warrior, 772, viii,
281, 289, 291
slain by Bahram Cln'ibfna
viii, 290
3i6
GENERAL INDEX
Kiit, corpse of, sent back to
Rumans, viii, 291
Kutch (read Kuch q.v.), iii, 34
Kutib, father of Husain (or
Ha'iy) one of Firdausi's
patrons, i, 35 ; ix, 121
Kyaxares (Kastarit), king or
chief and leader in the
confederacy that over-
threw Nineveh, i, 18
Labarum, the, v, 306 tioie
Ladaa (Pashan), battle of, iii,
13 seq., 80 seq., 89 seq.,
123 ; iv, 27. 37, go, 120,
299
Lagus, Ptolemy son of. See
Ptolemy.
Lahhdk, Turanian hero, brother
of Piran, 132, i, 92 ; ii,
323 7wie ; iii, 90, 166,
198 ; iv, 7, 71, 122, 125,
133, 160, 162
summons Piran to save
Farangis, ii, 322
pursues the Iranians to
Mount Hamawan, iii, 135
commands with Farshid-
ward the right wing, iv, 26
attacks the Iranians in
flank, iv, 82
opposed by Gurgin, iv, 83
goes to help Piran and
attacks Giv, iv, 85
prowess of, iv, 86
put in chief command with
Farshidward, iv, 94
Piran's instructions to, iv,
95 ^
Farshidward and, hear of the
death of Piran and the
coming of Kai Khusrau,
iv, 112
lament for Piran, iv, 112
take counsel with the host,
iv. 113
fight, and escape from,
frdnian outpost, iv, 116
Lahhak, Farshidward and, re-
ferred to, iv, 118, 120, 126
repose themselves, iv, 121
corpses of, brought back
by Bizhan, iv, 126,
132
deaths of, announced to
Afrasiyab, iv, 152
Lambak, a water-carrier, 164
entertains Bahram Giir, vii,
13 seq.
rewarded by Bahram Cnir,
vii, 20
Land of Darkness. See Gloom.
Land-tax, Mahmiid's remission
of, vi, 196, 208
Nushirwan's reform of, vii,
215, 225
Latin version, early, of Pseudo-
Callisthenes. See Julius
Valerius.
Launderer, a, foster-father of
Darab, 15S, v, 292
finds Dar4b in the Farat, v,
295
Darab adopted by, and his
wife, V, 297
quits his home with wife
and D4rab and settles
elsewhere, v, 298
becomes wealthy but
sticks to trade, v, 29S
perturbed at Darab's youth-
ful escapades, v, 298
brings up Darab to be a
cavalier, v, 299
Darab's lack of natural
affection for, v, 300
wife of, informs Darab of
his case, v, 300
Rashnawad sends for, and
his wife, v, 304
informed by, of the case
of Darab, v, 308
visits, with his wife, D4r4b
at his accession, v, 311
dismissed with gifts, v, 312
Lazhawardi, fort, ix, 93
Lazica, region on the eastern
shore of the Black Sea,
vii, 215 ; viii, 194
GENERAL INDEX
317
Lazic war, renewed by Hur-
muzd, viii, 76
Bahram Chiibina defeated
in, viii, 76
Leech of Kaid, i^g. See Kaid.
Legend, Syriac Christian, of
Alexander. See Syriac.
Leo, constellation, ii, 405 ; iii,
81, 318; vi, 172, 180;
vii, 410 ; viii, 122, 394
Libra, constellation, i, 310 ; vi,
97
Life, Fount of. See Fount.
Water of, 160 .Id.
Plutarch's, of Alexander the
Great, vi, 67
Lion, lions, slain by Rakhsh, 143,
ii. 45
Asfandiyir, 156, v, 125
Bahram Gur, 163-165, vii,
55. 77
-ape, IJ3, viii, 322 seq.
Lion's House, constellation of
Leo. i, 188
Irion's Mouth, the, place, iv, 245
Loadstone, chamber of, viii, 275
suspended cavalier in, \'iii,
275
Longimanus (Dirazdast), title of
Artaxerxes I, son of Xer-
xes, V, 281
Lucerne (Medicago sativa), tax
on, vii, 215
Liich, perhaps = Kuch q.v., vii,
362
captives from, settled at
Siirsan, vii, 328
Luhrasp, Shah, 134, 155, i, 42 ;
ii, 3. 9 ; iv, 57. 65, 135.
337. 347. 356 seq. ; v, 10,
20, 21 and note, 26, 29,
36, 38, 64. 68, 80, 86, 87,
90 seq., 98 seq., 104, 114,
141, 154, 155, 157, 159,
160, 1O7, 171, 180, 183,
205, 208, 243, 255, 281.
284 ; vi, 55, 200 ; viii,
95. 148, 213, 270, 392 ;
ix, 104
sent to the Aldns by Kai
Khusrau, iv, 14
Luhrdsp, successes of, iv, Co,
71
troops of, recalled, iv, 145
nominated by Suriish to be
Kai Khusrau 's successor,
iv, 281
crowned by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 300
Zal's protest against the
succession of, iv, 301
succession of, justified by
Kai Khusrau, iv, 301
acknowledged by Z41, iv,
302
the chiefs, iv, 303
undertakes to respect Kai
Khusrau 's wives, iv, 305
counselled and farewellod
by Kai Khusrau, iv, 306
addresses the chiefs, iv, 311
receives the fealty of Za!
and other chiefs, iv, 312
praises and rewards ZaI,
iv, 312
coronation of, iv, 312
Reign of, 154, iv, 314 seq.
Note on, iv, 314 seq.
harangues the chiefs, iv, 316
makes Balkh his capital, iv,
317
builds the Fire-temple of
Barzin, iv, 318
shows favour to the grand-
sons of Kai Kai'is, iv, 318,
321 seq.
refuses to appoint Gush-
tasp his heir, iv, 319
sends Zarir in pursuit of
Gushtasp, iv, 320
pardons Gushtasp, iv, 322
hears of Gushtasp 's fiight,
iv, 323
consults Zarir and the sages,
iv, 323
searches in vain for Gush-
t4sp, iv, 324
receives K^lus, Caesar's en-
voy, in audience, iv, 357
entertains Kalus, iv, 357
consults Zarir, iv, 358
questions Kaliis, iv, 358
3ii
GENERAL INDEX
Luhrasp, dismisses Kaliis with
honour, iv, 359
sends Zarir with other chiefs
on a mission to Rum, iv,
359
messasje of, to Caesar, iv, 361,
welcomes and crowns Gush-
tasp on his return to
Iran, iv, 364
resigns the throne to Gush-
tasp and becomes a de-
votee, v, 31
converted by Zarduhsht, v,
33
advises Gushtasp to resign
the kingship to Asfan-
diyar, v, 66
opposes Kuhram, v, 91
slain, V, gi, 93, 99
Asfandiyar's vow to avenge,
V, 103
Lumsden, his edition of the
Shahnama, i, 76
Luna. See Moon.
M
Ma, Hittite goddess, vi, 71
= Cybele, vi, 71
priestesses of = Amazons, vi,
71
Macan, his edition of the Shah-
nama, i, 76 ; vi, 60
Mace, Faridun's, i, 161, 163, 165,
168
the making of, i, 158
Macedonia, vi, 81, 82
Macedonian invasion of the East,
vi, 68, 6g
Machin (China), ii, 357 note, 370,
394 ; iii. 46. 253, 265 ;
iv, 151, 203, 229, 231, 234,
252 ; V, 142, 145 ; viii,
417 ; ix, 107
Machine, flying, of Kai Kaus, ii,
103
Macrianus, Praetorian prefect, vi,
294
treachery of, to Valerian,
vi, 294
M'CrindIc, Ancient India of,
quoted, vi, 68, 80
Mada. See Medes.
Mada'in, Ctesiphon (Taisafun),
and the neighbouring
cities, i6y, iy4, vii, 201,
244, 266, 272, 337, 363 ;
viii, 4, 46, 192, 193
Nusliirwan sends his Ruman
captives to, vii, 259
palace of Khusrau Parwiz
at, story of, viii, 400
Madik, king of the Kurds, mean-
ing of, vi, 203, 256
Madofryai, mountain, part of
the Alburz range, south-
east of the Caspian, v, 30
Magi, priests of the Medes
(Mada), i, 9 ; ii, 190 ; vi,
372. 373 ; vii, 171, 184
preservers of tradition, i, 56,
60
meaning of name, i, 56 and
note
rise to power of, i, 58
influence of, declines after
the Greek conquest, i, 59
principal seats of, i, 60
literature of, i, 61
language of, i, 64
compile the prose Shah-
nama for Abii Mansur, i,
69
advocates of next-of-kin
marriage, ii, 1S9
Magian, Magians, vii, 60
chant, vii, 60
fire, vii, 409
Magic, i, 51
derivation of, i, 56
sympathetic, i, 8
Magism, v, 11
Magog. See Gog.
Magophonia, import of, i, 59
Magus. See Magi.
Mahabharata, Indian Epic, iii,
8 ; iv, 316 ; vi, 31, 80
the passing of the five P4n-
davas in, compared with
that of Kai I^husrau, iv,
138
GENERA L IXDEX
319
Mdh Afrid, grandmother of
Miniichihr, i, 205
Mah Afri'd, deiughter of Ti'ir, iv,
304
Mkh Afrid, daughter of Barzin,
vii. 53
married to Bahram Giir,
vii, 53
Mah Azar, scribe, viii, 81
Mahan, Iranian noble, v, 260, 263
Mahbiid (Mebodes), minister of
Kubad and Nushirwan,
16S ; vii, 213
instrumental in making
Nushirwan Shah, vii, 316
Niishirwan's treasurer, vii,
319
sons of, vii, 319
serve Nushirwan's meals,
vii, 319, 321
wife of, prepares Niishlr-
vvan's food, vii, 321, 322
envied by Zuran, vii, 319
fall of, vii, 317, 322
Nushirwan's repentance
with regard to, vii, 317,
325
Mah i-Azada Khu, wife of Tur, i,
1S8
meaning of, i, 188 note
Mahiyar, minister of Dara,
murders Dara, vi, 52
tells Sikandar of the mur-
der, vi, 52
arrested by Sikandar, vi, 53
executed, vi, 56, 88
Mahiyar, Iranian noble, vii, 38
praises Bahram Giir, vii, 38
Mahiyar, a jeweller, 16^, vii, 55
secj.
daughter of. See Arzii.
entertains Bahram Giir, vii,
59 seq.
Mahmiid, Sultan (A.D. 999-
1030), i, 100; iii, 15;
viii, 24
account of, i, 21
- brothers of, i, 21, 114
Firdausi's praise of, jjq,
152. 155. ^56, 160, 161 ;
i, 2Q seq., 112 seq.; iv.
Mahmiid — cunt.
135 seq., 139 ; V, 30, 89,
118, 262 ; vi. 20, 107, 279,
292, 370 ; vii, 277 ; ix,
122
Firdausi's feeling against,
i. 33 ; vi,62, 92 se^. and note
Satire on, i, 23, 40 seq.
alleged ill treatment by,
i, 33. 36 seq. : vii, 431
alleged repentance of, i, 45 ;
iv, 8
occasion of, iv, 8
approves of Firdausi's ver-
sion of the fight between
Rustam and Ashkabiis,
iii, 109
remission of the land-tax by,
vi, 186, 208
Mahraspand, father of Adarbad,
V, 16 ytote
Mahrwi, viii, 248
Mahwi ( = Shahwi ?), one of
Firdausi's authorities, i,
67 ; vii, 382
Mahwi, Persian chief, iy6, ix,
70. 74. 89. 95. 97. 100 seq.,
118
described, ix, 87
Farrukhzad entrusts Yaz-
dagird to, ix, 95
accepts charge of Yaz-
dagird, ix, 96
becomes disaffected to Yaz-
dagird, ix, 96
writes to Bizhan, ix, 96, 116
betrays Yazdagird, ix, 97,
98, 116, 117
quest of, for Yazdagird, ix,
100
has tidings of Yazdagird, ix,
lOI.
consults his warriors, ix, 106
son of, counsels, ix, 107
receives Balkh and Marat,
ix, 115
governor of Marv, ix, 120
put to death with his
sons, ix, 120
sends miller to slay Yaz-
dagird, ix, 107, 116
320
GENERAL INDEX
Mahwi, sends troops after miller
with instructions, ix, 107
troops of, strip corpse of
Yazdagird, ix, 108
hears of death of Yazda-
gird, ix, 108
bids miller throw corpse of
Yazdagird into stream,
ix, 108
slays monks, ix, 113
consults his intimates and
minister, ix, 113
advised by his minister, ix,
113
claims the throne on false
pretences, ix, 114
becomes master of Khura-
san, ix, 114
evil rule of, ix, 114
makes war on Bizhan, ix,
"5
conduct of, to Barsam, ix,
117
crosses Oxus and camps at
BaiEjand, ix, 118
flees, ix, 118
overtaken by Barsdm, ix,
118
captured by Barsam, ix, 119
put to death by Bizhan, ix,
120
Mai, city in Turkistan, i, 252,
256, 261 ; iv, 278, 284 ;
vii, 91, 331, 385, 421
Mai, king of Hind, vii, 395, 396,
399, 4" I. 403. 404
Maidan, riding-ground, i, 83
Maidhyo-maungha, cousin and
first convert to Zarduhsht,
V, 17
Mail of Siyawush, iii, 58, 60, 61,
69, 81 ; iv, 40, 41, 44,
45. 51
referred to, iv, 42, 43
Maishan (Mesene), a small state
on the lower Tigris, vi, 199
Majijj (Magog), 160. See Yajiij.
Makati'ira, Turkman chief, iy3,
viii, 317
dominates the Khan, viii,
318
Makatiira, slighted by the Khan,
viii, 31S
challenges Bahram Chii-
bina, viii, 319
fight of, with Bahram Chii-
bina, viii, 320
Makh, viii, 71, 78
Makhzum, place, 93
Makna Bad, city, iii, 109
Makran (Gedrosia, Baluchistan),
country on the shore of
the Arabian Sea, ii, 80,
82 ; iv, 136, 203, 231,
234. 237 seq., 254 ; vi,
182, 202, 397 ; vii, 390 ;
viii, 393, 417
king of, /jj, iv, 238 seq.
refuses facilities to Kai
Khusrau, iv, 239, 242
buried by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 243
Kai Khusrau marches upon,
iv, 241
stops pillage of, iv, 243,
244
prepares a fleet in, iv, 244
sails for Gang-dizh from,
iv, 245
returns to, iv, 251
goes to Chin from, iv, 251
Alexander the Great's re-
turn by, productive of
marvels, vi, 6g
etymology of, vi, 69
Malcolm, Sir John, identification
and description of Mount
Sipand by, i, 236 ; v, 30
version of Suhrab by, ii,
118
on the scene of the death of
Bahram Gur, vii, 6
Malika, daughter of Tair, vi, 3,
324
legend of, vi, 323, 330 seq.
offers to betray her father's
stronghold to Shapiir, vi,
331
makes the garrison drunk,
vi, 333
opens the gate to Shapiir,
vi, iii
CnXHRAL jxniix
3-:i
Malika, goes to Shdpur's camp,
vi. 333
Mamigonian, Armenian family,
viii, iSS
M4mun, Khalifa, i, 14 ; vii, 382,
430
jNIan, the First (Gaiumart q.v.),
i. 5
on the nature of, ijg, i, 104
of Sigz (Kustam), ii, 100 and
>iote
Man, weight, i, 290 and nole ;
viii, 148 and note, 314, 399
Manachihr, i, 206 note
Manda, nomads, i, 18
confused with the MadA
(Medes), i, 18 ; vi, 194
empire of the=empire of
the Medes, ii, 191
Mandane, daughter of Astyages,
ii, 190
= Farangi's in legend, ii, 191
Mandanes (Dandamis, Kait, Kai-
han, Kand, Kaid q.r.), vi,
61
Onesicritus and, vi, 61
identical with Kaid, vi, 62
Mani, heresiarch, i6j, ii, ig nole ;
V, 118 and note ; vi, 307 ;
vii, 188
account of, vi, 327
-gate, vi, 327, 3.59
teaching of, vi, 32S
disputation of, with the high
priest, vi, 35S
executed, vi, 359
Manicheism, ii, 19 note
Manizha, daughter of Afrasiyab,
750, iii, 285, 295 scq., 304,
308 sea., 348, 349
Bizhan and. Story of, i§o,
iii, 7, 12
historical basis of, iii, 1 1
Mohl on, iii, 285
Firdausi on, iii, 287
referred to, viii, 72
sends her nurse to ]iizhan,
iii, 297
invites Bizhan to visit her,
iii, 298
drups Bizhan, iii, 299
Manizha, wakes Bizhan in Afrasi-
yab's palace, iii, 300
holds revel with Bizhan, iii,
300
disgraced, iii, 309
made Bizhan's attendant,
iii, 310
referred to, iii, 318, 319
hears of the arrival of Rus-
tam's caravar, iii, 337
interviews of, with Kustam,
iii. 337. 34^
bears Rustam's ring to
Bizhan, iii, 340
kindles signal fire for Kus-
tam, iii, 344
receives gifts from Kai
Khusrau, iii, 35G
Manshiir, Turanian hero, iii, 161,
165, 172, 182, 185, 199,
205, 210, 213, 226, 231,
241, 251, 256
comes to the aid of Piran,
iii, 151
hears of the coming of Kus-
tam, iii, 175
Mansion of Gushtasp, Fire-tem-
ple, V, 75
Mansiir bin Niih, Samanid prince
(A.D. 96 1 — 976), i, 20, 21
V, 21 ; vii, 5
Maniishan, a king in Pars, iv,
146, 180, 191
ManusA'ihar (Miniichihr), i, 338
Manwi, viii, 253
Marathi, Scythian people, iv, 315
Marchlord, ill-disposed, op-
presses Kai, 174, viii, 366
destroys gutters and cats,
viii, 360
recalled, viii, 368
Marcian (Batariin q.v.), viii, 41
Marco Polo, Venetian traveller
(A.D. 1254-1324), vi, 74
Mardanshdh, (Valan-sina q.v.),
viii, 74, 76 ; ix, 5, 6
son of, ix, 5, 6
conspires against Khusrau
Parwiz, ix, 6
mutilation and execution of,
ix,
vol.. IX.
X
322
GENERAL INDEX
Mardanshah (Mardasas), son of
Shirin, viii, 189, 191, 193,
196 ; ix, 39
execution of, ix, 7
Mardas, father of Zahhak, Story
of, 140. i, 135 seq.
murdered by Zahhak, i, 137
Mardasas. See Mardanshah.
Mardwi, Turanian hero, iii, 77
Mardwi, Persian official, viii, 21
Mardwi, gardener, viii, 397
Margh, city in Turkistan, i, 256 ;
iv, 278, 284 ; vii, 91, 331,
412, 421
Mark, birth. See Birthmark.
Marriage, next of kin (Khvaitiik-
das), i, 60 ; ii, 189 ; v, 17
Mars', planet, i, 72, 276, 332, 339 ;
ii, 247, 407 ; iii, no, 159,
178. 318, 332 ; vii, 92,
252, 418 ; viii, 395 ; ix,
73. 89
Martyropolis, ceded by Khusrau
Parvviz, viii, 188
Marusipand, palace, ix, 11
Mariit, angel, iii, 286
Marv, oasis and city in ancient
northern Khurasan, now
in Turkistan, lys, i, 45 ;
ii, loi ; V, 29, 260, 261,
263 ; vii, 174, 357 ; viii,
20, 93, 173, 336, 337. 346
seq., 352, 356 ; ix, 70, 89,
116, 117
early seat of Aryan civi-
lization, i, 7
as rhyme-word, vii, 88 note
Khan reaches, vii, 88
Bahram Giir marches on,
vii, 89
Azad Sarv finds Buzurj-
mihr at, vii, 283
traditional scene of Yaz-
dagird's death, ix, 70
Yazdagird at, ix, 97, 116
sage of, ix, no
apothegm of, ix, no
conduct of Mahwi to Bar-
sam at, ix 117
Guraz, son of Mahwi, gov-
ernor of, ix, 120
Marvell, quoted, viii, 399 note
Marvrud (Murghab), river in
Khurasan flowing into
and forming the Marv
oasis, ii, 228 ; iv, 255 ;
viii, 92
Mary, Maryam, mother of Jesus,
viii, 276 note, 277 note
Maryam, daughter of Csesar, ij3,
174, viii, 188, 192, 276
note, 278, 279, 373. 374.
380,
murder of, viii, 193, 389
referred to, viii, 255, 266,
269, 270, 371, 381, 389
counselled by Caisar, viii,
279, 280
Niyatus put in charge of,
viii, 280
as peace-maker, viii, 310
Mashad, city in Khurasan, ii, 189
Mashya and Mashyoi, the off-
spring of Gaiiimart, the
first man, i, 117, 131
Masius, Mount, viii, 41
Massagetae, tribe, iii, 192
Mas'iidi, Arabic historian (died
A.D. 956), V, 293 ; vi, 62,
63,82, 193. 257. 313. 315 ;
vii, 3, 4, 6, 153, 280
version of the death of
Rustam by, v, 261
genealogies of Papak ac-
cording to, vi, 200
' Book of f ndication and Re-
vision' by, vi, 252
apologue of the owls by, vi,
310
parentage of Yazdagird son
of Shapur according to,
vi. 371
account of the fortifications
at Darband by, vii, 215
origin of the game of nard
according to, vii, 3S2
origin of the game of chess
according to, vii, 382
on Buzurjmihr, viii, 71
Maundeville, Sir John, vi, 13, 72
Maurice, Eastern Roman Em-
peror, viii, 1 8 7, 188
GENERAL INDEX
3-53
Maurice, helps Kliusrau Parwiz
on terms, viii, 188
murcUr of, \iii, 193
Mausil, Armenian prince, viii,
188, 189, 248, 282, 295
entertains Bandwi, viii, 249
Klnisrau Parwiz and, viii, 283
referred to, viii, 293 and
note
Ma wara 'u'n-Nahr (KuhistAn
q.v., Transoxania), ii, 19,
199 ; iii, 151
Maximian, Roman Emperor, viii,
188
Mayam, place, iii, 40, 41, 53, 11 1
Mayors of the palace, Oriental, i,
14
Mazaga, Indian city, vi, 65
taken by Alexander the
Great, vi, 65
Mazana (Mdzandaran, q.v.), ii,28
Mazandaran, region lying be-
tween the Alburz range
and the Caspian, 143, i,
4, 5, 12, 253, 279, 290,
294. 296, 298, 319, 323.
339, 378 ; ii, 25 seq., 33,
34, 36 seq., 45, 55, 60 seq.,
66 seq., 75, 76, 78, 81, 93,
105, 139, 143 seq., 293 ,
iii, 144, 167, 207, 215;
232, 243, 256, 260, 324,
330; iv, 86, 136, 296,
299; v, 116, 117, 203,
207, 220 ; vi, 373 ; vii,
215 ; viii, 48 ; ix, 74
approach to, from Iran, ii
28
description of, ii, 27
king of, 143, ii, 39, 43, 54,
62 seq.
interview of, with Rus-
tam, ii, 67
fight of, with Rustam, ii,
73
transforms himself into a
rock, ii, 74
death of, ii, 75
Mdzandardnian, a native of, or
pertaining to, Mdzan-
daran, iii, 320
Mazda, Ahura. Sic Ahura.
Mazdak, heresiarch, J 66, i, 63 ;
vii, 184, 185
disputation of, with Nushfr-
wdn, vii, 188, 206 seq.
account of, vii, 188, 201
becomes chief minister to
Kubad, vii, 201
influence of, over Kubad,
vii, 201
parable of, to Kubdd in time
of drought, vii, 201
practical application of
Kubad's reply by, vii,
202
converts Kubad, vii, 204
preaching and practice of,
vii, 204
attempt of, to convert Nush-
irwan, vii, 205
Kubad decides against, vii,
20S
executed with his followers
by Nushirwan, vii, 208
Mazdakism, vii, 1S4
Mazdakites, vii, 184
great assembly of, vii, 205
massacre of, vii, 185, 208
Mebodes. See Mahbiid.
Mecca, city, v, 31, 166 ; vi, 120 ;
ix, 69
Sikandar's visit to, vi, 64,
119 seq.
account of, vi, 64
Medea, land of, i, 57
Mede, Medes (Mada), Aryan
people, i, 7, 10, 17, 56, 58,
I 72 ; vi, 194, 203
I account of, i, 9
confused with the Manda
(nomads), i, 18 ; vi, 194
empire of the=empire of
the Manda, 1, 17 ; ii, 191
Media, iv, 315 ; vi, 31 ; vii, 6 ;
Magna, vi, 201, 203, 256
I vii, 214
Median, vi, 195
Median, language (Zend), i, 64
seq.
empire, ii, 9 ; vi, 194
Mediterranean, the, vi, 294
32}
GENERAL INDEX
Megara, city in Greece, vi, 323
note
legend concerning, vi, ^i^)
note
Megasthenes, Greek writer,
temp. Alexander the
Great, vi, 68
Meherdates (Milad), Parthian
prince, iii, 10 seq.
Memphis, Egyptian city, vi, 82
corpse of Alexander the
Great taken to, vi, 82
Merchant, a, 164
entertains arid displeases
Bahram Gur, vii, 39
made the slave of his own
apprentice, vii, 42
Merchants, Iranian, made acces-
sories to Bahram Gur's
flight from Hind, vii, 133,
134
Mercury, planet, i, 72 ; iii, 159,
318 ; V, 243 ; vi, 171, 224 ;
viii, 299, 395 ; ix, 73
Meroe, island and city of, vi, 13,
65
Meru, mythical mountain, iv, 139
Mesopotamia, vi, 30, 294, 321
Arab invasions of, iii, 14
annexed by Arabs, ix, 68
Mesopotaniian desert, vi, 322
Messiah, the, viii, 267
Mih-Azar-Gushnasp, minister of
Ardshir, son of Shirwi, in
Arabic Tabari, ix, 43
put to death, ix, 43
Mihr, month and day, i, 88, 8g,
174. 175. ^3-i ; vi, 24, 33,
55
Mihr, feast, ix, 40
Mihr, sacred Fire. See Mihr
Barzin.
Mihr Azar, priest, vii, 188, 206
assists Nushirwan in his
disputation with Mazdak,
vii, 206
Mihr Barzi'n, sacred Fire and
Fire-temple, vi, 201, 212
and note
established by Gushtasp, v,
34
Mihr Barzin, Iranian warrior,
temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 85
Mihr Bidad, Iranian magnate,
vii, 21
entertains Bahram Gur, vii,
22
Mihr 'Hasis, minister of Ardshir,
son of Shirwi, in Persian
Tabari, ix, 43
put to death, ix, 43
Mihr Hurmuzd, Iranian noble,
175, viii, 196 ; ix, 34
account of, ix, 5
referred to, ix, 6, 33
conspires against Khusrau
Parwiz, ix, 6
put to death, ix, 7
described, ix, 33
Mihr-i-Niish, second son of
Asfandiyar, ii, 3 ; v, 80,
283
slain by Faramarz, v, 227
death of, reported to Asfan-
diyar by Bahman, v, 227
corpse of, sent to Gush-
tasp, v, 232
Mihr-i-Niish, Persian sage, vii,
270
quoted, vii, 270
Mihr-i-Niish, ix, 103
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
dagird, ix, 103
Mihr Narsi, chief minister of
Bahram Gur and of his
son Yazdagird, vii, 4, 153
sons of, vii, 4
Mihr Piruz, Iranian warrior,
temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 85
Mihrab, king of Kabul, 141, 142,
i, 234, 361; ii, 12,14, 18,21
visited by Zal, i, 256
tributary to Sam, i, 256
daughter of (Rudaba),i, 257,
V, 203
praises Zal to Sindukht, i,
260
hears from Sindukht of the
loves of Zal and Rudaba,
i, 284
reproaches Rudaba, i, 289
Sam sent against, i, 292
GENERAL INDEX
325
Mihr4b, hears of Scim's cominc;,
i, 292, 2i)g
IMiiu'ichilir's assent to
Zal's marriage, i, 314
felicitates Sindukht, i, 315
Sindukht and, prepare to
welcome Sam and Zal, i,
314
entertain Sdni and Zal, i,
317
visit Sam, i, 319
hears of the birth of Rustam,
i. 323
goes with Z41 and Rustam
to meet Sam, i, 324
parleys with Shamasas and
Khazarwan to gain time,
1,358
writes to summon Zal, i,
359
IMihrak, Tribal King, 161, vi, 3,
199, 237, 238, 237, 267,
268, 270, 272, 273 ; vif,
185, 192
=Mithrak, vi, 206
slain by Ardshir Papakan,
vi, 241
daughter of, 161, vi, 3, 241,
256, 257, 268 seq., 272
escapes, vi, 241, 256, 268
referred to in Kaid's
prophecy, vi, 267
discovered by Shapiir, vi,
268 seq.
informs Shcipur of her
birth, vi, 270
marries Shapiir, vi, 270
birth of her son Urmuzd,
vi, 271
= Mithrak = Madik = Arda-
wan (?), vi, 256
importance of, in legend, vi,
257, 2G7 ; viii, 72, 73
Mihrak, servant of Niishirwdn,
viii, 18 19
Mihran, Indian sage, J59, vi,
91. 97
consulted by Kaid about
his dreams, vi, 92 seq.
interprets Kaid's dreams,
vi, 94 S''^-
7-:. 73
of
Mihrdn, family, vii, 156
imjiortance of, viii,
proverb on, vii, 185
account of, vii, 185
rivalry of, with family
K4ran, vii, 185
men of mark among the,
vii, 186, 187 ; viii, 74
Mihr4n, treasurer to Yazdagird
son of Shdpiir, vi, 387
Mihrdn, Irdnian general, vii, 251
commands the centre of
Nushirwan's host, vii, 251
Mihran, archscribe, viii, 76
sent with Bahram Chubina,
viii, 106
counsels Bahram Chubina,
viii, 122 and note
seeks refuge, viii, 123
congratulates Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 129
takes counsel with Kharrad,
viii, 159
flees from Balkh and is
retaken, viii, 159
pardoned by Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 160
referred to, viii, 163
speech of, viii, 166
Mihran Sitad, Iranian high priest
and envoy, temp. Nushir-
wan, 168, vii, 186, 350,
361, 363 ; viii, 96, 100
attempt of the Khan to out-
wit, vii, 352
takes charge of the Khan's
daughter, vii, 354
receives gifts from the Khan,
vii, 35t>
welcomed on his return, vii,
357
embassage of, referred to,
viii, 72, 97
sent for by Murmuzd, viii, 97
tells of prophecy about
Bahram Chubina, viii,
98, 216
death of, viii, 99
Mihran SitAd, merchant, enter-
tains Kluisrau I'arwiz,
viii, 251
326
GENERAL INDEX
Mihras, father of Ilyas ruler of
Khazar, iv, 352
Mihras, Caesar's envoy, vii,
261
negotiates peace with Nush-
irwan, vii, 261
Mihrdat. See Meherdates.
Mihrgan, feast, i, 175 and note,
iv, 313 ; vi, 230 and note,
245
Mihrmas, vi, 200
Mil as rhyme word, i, 75
Milad, Iranian hero, iii, 11, 12,
25, 29, 145, 274, 289, 293,
345 ; iv. 83, 147, 191 ; vi,
394 ; viii, 72, 211
import of word, viii, 73
customs of, viii, 216
Milad (Taxila), Indian city, vi,
102, 109, no
situation of, vi, 62
Sikandar approaches, vi,
98
Military obsequies, temp. Nushir-
wan, vii, 252
Milk, bane of, vii, 125 and note,
324
easily " turned," vii, 317
poisoned by the Evil Eye,
vii, 320 seq., 324, 325
Mill, iy6, ix, 89, 116
Miller, a, daughters of, 164
becomes Bahram Giir's
father-in-law, vii, 34
dignified by Bahram Gur,
vii. 34
Miller, a, iy6, ix, 70
Yazdagird and, ix, 99
informs chief of Zark about
Yazdagird, ix, 100
informs Mahwl about Yaz-
dagird, ix, loi
bidden to slay Yazdagird,
ix, 107
fling corpse into stream,
ix, 108
Miiigrelia, province on the east-
ern shore of the Black
Sea, vii, 215
Minister, piece in chess. See
Wazir.
Minos, king of Crete, vi, 323 note
legend of, vi, 323 note
Mi'nii, viii, 253 ami note
Miniichihr, Shah, 140-142, i, 42,.
90, 91, 209 seq., 274, 275,
319, 337. 339 seq., 348,
363 ; ii, 19, 29, 33. 36. 37.
302, 318, 400 ; iii, 9, 30,
87, 115 ; iv, 10, 65, 69,
70, 76, 136, 206, 283, 285,
298 ; V, 12, 174, 252, 284 ;
vi, 200, 353 ; viii, 219,
223, 392 ; ix, 103
birth of, i, 206
etymology of, i, 206 and
note, 234 and note
Faridun's gilts to, i, 207
goes to fight Salm. and Tur,
i, 216
makes proclamation to the
host, i, 218
contends against Salm and
Tur, i, 219
prepares for a night-sur-
prise, i, 220
sends Tur's head to Faridun,
i, 222
sends Karan to take the
Castle of the Alans, i, 223
seq.
hears of Karan's success, i,
225
defeats and slays Karkwi, i,
225 seq.
pursues and slays Salm, i,
227
pardons Salm's troops, i, 229
sends Salm's head and a
letter to Faridun, i, 229
return of, in triumph, i, 230
welcomed by P"aridun, i, 230
confided to Sam by Faridun,
i. 231
enthroned by Faridun, i, 232
mourning of, for, and burial
of, Faridun, i, 233
Reign of, 141, i, 234 seq.
Note on, i, 234 seq.
accession and inaugural
address of, i, 237
Sam's address to, i, 238
GENERAL IXDEX
327
Minuchilir, hoars of Sdm's find-
ing of Zal, i, 2.|.S
sons of, i. 248
sends Naiidar to congratu-
late Sam, i, 24S
summons Sam and Zal to
court, i, 24Q
Sam ti'lls the story of his
quest to, i, 250
Zal's horoscope taken by
order of, i, 251
gifts of, to Sam, i, 251
hears of the case of Zal and
Riidaba, i, 288
advises with the archi-
mages, i, 288
welcomes Sam, i, 2S9
hears of Sam's campaign, i,
290
bids Sam destroy Mihrab
and his belongings, i, 292
receives Zal well, i, 306
consults the astrologers as to
Zal, i, 307
Zal proved by hard ques-
tions by order of, i, 308
Zal displays his accomplish-
ment before, i, 311
gracious reply of, to Sam, i,
314
warned of his death by the
astrologers, i, 335
counsels, and gives the
throne to, Naudar, i, 335
dies, i, 336
Minuchihr, son of Arash, iv,
149
commands the troops from
Khurasan, iv, 148
slaj^s Kuhila, iv, 181
commands the left, iv, 191
Mirin, Riiman chief, 154
asks Caesar's second daugh-
ter, Dilanjam, in marriage,
iv, 333
bidden by Caesar to slay the
wolf of Faskun, iv, 333
casts a horoscope, iv, 334
asks Hishwi to interest
Gushtdsp in his behalf,
iv, 334
Mi'rln, provides Gushtisp with a
steed and arms, iv, 330
goes with Gushtasp and
Hishwf to the forest of
Faskun, iv, 337
Hishwi and, welcome Gush-
tasp on his return, iv, 339
informs C;csar that he has
slain the wolf, iv, 341
marries Caesar's daughter,
iv, 341
consulted by Ahran, iv, 342
refers Ahran to Hishwi, iv,
344
letter of, to Hishwi, iv, 344
Ahran and, display their
accomplishment on the
riding-ground, iv, 349
Caesar's wrath with, iv,35i
sends a scornful message
to Caesar, iv, 353
set to guard the baggage,
iv, 355
Mir Khand (Mirkhond), Persi n
historian (A.D. 1433-
1498), V, 30 ; vi. 62, 315 ;
vii, 3, 4, 6, 156, 159, 171,
183, 186 ; viii, 192
distich of, quoted, ix, 56
Miskal, measure of weight, vi, 24
and note, viii, 394
Mist (Egypt), 159, ii, 79, 80, 84,
94. 96, 143, 286; vi, 114,
115, 122, 181 ; viii, 381
king of temp. Kai Kaiis, ii,
94. 95. 98
king of, defeated by Sikan-
dar, vi, 37
welcomes Sikandar, vi,
121
invaded by Sikandar, vi, 37,
121
sea of, vi, 120
Sikandar stays a year in, vi,
121
Mithra, Mitra, god, i, 7
Mithradat. See Meherdates.
Mithrak, vi, 20O
= Mihrak, vi, 206
=Mihrak=Madik = Arda-
wdn (?), vi, 256
328
GENERAL INDEX
Mithrates. See Meherdates.
Mithradatcs I, Parthian king, ii,
80
Modes of speech, viii, 30
Mohl, Jules, his edition and
translation of the Shah-
nama, i, 76, 77 ; vi, 60
on the Story of Bizhan and
Manizha, iii, 285, 286
the Worm, vi, 203
Wisdom-literature, \di, 280
Mong, Indian city, vi, 18
Monks, ix, 109
find and recover corpse of
Yazdagird, ix, loy
lament over and entomb
Yazdagird, ix, 109 seq.
sentences of, over Yazda-
gird, ix, 109 seq.
slain by Mahwi, ix, 113
Monophysite, viii, 195
Moola Firooz, i, 201 note
Moon, one of the seven planets,
i, 72, viii, 395
on the nature of the, zjp, i,
205
=Tur, i, 223
divided by Muhammad,
viii, 42, 67
Moses, Hebrew law-giver, v, 294
Salt Fish and, legend of, vi,
77
Faith of, vi, 95
Moses of Chorene, Armenian
historian (5th century
A.D.),i, 72
account of Zahhak by, i, 144
Rustam by, i, 236
Mosul, city in Mesopotamia, vi,
322
Mountain, mountains, sanctity
of, i, 118
of the Holy Questions, i,
62
— skirt (Daman-i-Kuh), iii,
15.91. 95
= Rakhsh, iii, 221, 251
Old man of the, v, 30
— sheep, personification of
the divine Grace, vi, 201,
221. See Ram.
Mu'awiya, Khalifa (A.D. 661-
679), i, 12, 13
Miibid, i, 83
Mugliira, son of Shu'ba. See
Shu'ba Mughira, ix, 69
Muhammad, the Prophet (about
A.D. 571-632), i, 13, 40,
41 ; ii, 337 note ; vi, 65,
190, 292 ; viii, 42, 191 ;
ix, 69, 81 seq.
on 'All, i, 12, 106
praise of, i, 106
quoted, i, 106, v, 166
reference of, to Alexander
the Great in the Kuran,
vi, 15. 77
Muhammad, birth of, vii, 213
Nushirwan and, 120, viii,
68
divides the Moon, viii, 42,
67
letter of, to Khusrau Par-
wiz, ix, 66
Flight of, referred to, ix, 122
Muhammad Kasim, Arab gen-
eral, vi, 325
Muhammad Laskari, friend of
Firdausi, i, 99 ; iii, 286
Muhammad Mahdi, his edition
of the Shahnama, i, 76
Muhammad, son of Abdii'r-Raz-
zak, i, 68, 99
Muhammadan, Muhammadans,
vi, 78 ; viii, 73
elements in Shahnama, viii,
42
ethics respected, viii, 74
Mukaffa'. See Ibn Mukaffa'.
Miiltan, city in the Punjab, vii,
140
monarch of, entertained by
Bahram Giir, vii, 140
Mumasenni, tribe, i, 237
Munzir, al, dynasty of, i, 55
Munzir, prince of Hira, temp.
Yazdagird son of Shapiir
and Bahram Giir, 163,
164. vi, 372, 394, 406,
408 ; vii, 9
visits Yazdagird, vi, 377
monarch of Yaman, vi, 378
GENERAL TXDEX
329
Munzir, returns to Yaman with
Bahrain, vi, 378
chooses nurses for Bahrani,
vi, 37^''
dismisses Jiahram's tutors,
vi, 3S0
provides Bahram Gur with
steeds, vi, 380
provides BahrAm Gur with
slave-girls, vi, 381
goes to the chase with Bah-
ram Gur, vi, 384
sends a picture of Bahrim
Giir shooting to Yazda-
gird, vi, 385
sends Bahram Gur with
Nu'nian to Yazdagird, vi,
386
receives a letter from Yaz-
dagird, vi, 387
counsels and sends Bahram
Gur a slave-girl and pre-
sents, vi, 388
welcomes Bahram Gur on
his return, vi, 390
supports Bahram Gur's
claim to the throne, vi,
396 seq.
invades fran, vi, 397
interview of, with Jawanwi,
vi, 398 seq.
refers Jawanwi to Bahram
Giir, vi, 398
advises Bahram Gur to
negotiate with the Iran-
ians, vi, 401, 404
intercedes with Bahram Gur
for the Iranians, vii, 10
rewarded by Bahram Gur,
vii, 10
Munzir, son of Nu'man, prince of
Hira, temp. Nushirwin,
i6j, vii, 244 seq.
protected by Niishirwan,
vii, 217
war of, with Hdrith bin
Jabala, vii, 217
sent by Nushirwan to invade
Rum, vii, 246
Murddd, ameshaspcnta, i, 88 ;
iii, 287, 328
Mush, town west of Lake Van,
viii, 188
Mushkinab, a miller's daughter,
vii, i2 and tiole
taken to wife by Bahram
Gur, vii, 33
Mushkinak, a miller's daughter,
vii, 32 and note
taken to wife by Bahram
Gur, vii, 33
Muslim, ix, 85
Mutawakkil, Khalifa (A.D. 847-
861), i, 14
Cypress of Kishmar de-
stroyed by, V, 28
Mutilation, instances of, vi, 261,
323. 334. 348, 357. 404
Mytilene, Chares of, Greek wnriter,
temp. Alexander the
Great, ii, 10 ; vi, 61
quoted, iv, 314
N
Nabarzanes, Persian general, vi,
32
pardoned by Alexander the
Great, vi, 32
Nadir, Shah, iii, 14
Nadr son of Harith, v, 166
recites the story of Rustam
and Asfandiyar, v, 166
fate of, V, 166
Nahavand, city, south of Hama-
dan, i, 12 ; ix, 68, 69
Yazdagird concentrates his
forces at, ix, 68
Battle of, i, 12 ; ix, 69
Nahid (Katayi'ui, q.v.)
Nahid (Halai, Olympias ?),
daughter of Failakus and
mother of Sikandar, i^g,
vi, 24 seq., and note
married to Darab, vi, 25
troubled by offensive
breath, vi, 26
cured, but repudiated by
Darab, vi, 26
returns to l'"ailakus ami
gives birth to Sikandar,
vi, 26
330
GENERAL INDEX
Nahid, visits Dilarai and Rusha-
uak, vi, 89
referred to, vi, 1S7
Nahid, the planet Venus, vi, 214
Nahrawan, city near Baghdad,
east of the Tigris ; also a
canal on the eastern bank
of that river, quitting it
about 100 miles above,
and rejoining it about 100
miles below, Baghdad,
vii, 141 ; viu, 187, 204,
206, 231
bridge of, viii, 223, 228 seq.
broken down by Khusrau
Parwiz, viii, 229
Naishapur. See Nishapur.
Naitkiin (Antigonus), minister
of Sikandar, name of,
assumed by Sikandar, vi,
66, 125 seq.
personates Sikandar, vi, 125
seq.
Kaidriish and his wife
brought before, vi, 126
sentenced to death by, vi,
126
pardoned by, vi, 126
= Sikandar, vi, 131, 133.
134. 141
Nakula, one of the five Pan-
davas, iv, 138
referred to, iv, 139
Names, use of, in sympathetic
magic, i, 8, 177, 179
secret and public, viii, 372
and note
Namkhast, Turanian hero, v, 24,
26
goes as envoy to Gushtasp,
V, 37. 40
returns with Gushtasp's
answer, v, 44
given command of the cen-
tre, v, 56
worsted by Girami, v, 59
Napata, city in Nubia, vi, 65
Naphtha, iSg. i, 56
black, iv, 208, 209
use of, in sieges, iv, 208,
209
Naphtha, Sikandar 's iron steeds
filled with, 139, vi, 115
Fur's elephants and troops
routed by the use of, vi,
116
used to vitrify Sikandar's
barrier, vi, 165
Nard, game of, i6g, viii, 371
invention of, vii, 280, 381,
382, 389
sent by Niishirwan to the
Raja of Hind, vii, 5, 381
meaning of, vii, 381
symbolism of, vii, 381
Mas'iidi on, vii, 382
described, vii, 389
Nariman, Iranian hero, father of
Sam and great-grand-
father of Rustam, i, 42,
174, 207, 212, 239, 299,
333. 344 ; ii. 4, 49, ii5.
119, 125, 126, 162, 354 ;
iii, 17. 35 ; V, 196, 199.
202, 242, 262, 264, 266,
289
death of, described, i, 329
Narimanau, epithet of Kere-
saspa, i, 172, 174
Narmpai, name of a tribe, 160,
ii, 55 and note, 63, 64 ; vi,
71 and note
Sikandar and, vi, 150
Narses (Narsi, son of Bahrdm,
q.v.), Saisanian king
Narses, Exarch, treatment of, by
Empress Sophia, viii, 76
Narses, general, viii, 189
Narsi, Ashkanian king, vi, 197,
210
Narsi, son of Bahram, Shah
(Narses), 162, vi, 3, 313.
316. 325. 330. 331. 337 ;
vii, 359
Reign of, vi, 315 seq.
Note on, vi, 315
title of, vi, 315
inaugural address of, vi, 315
daughter o'f, 262. See
Niislia.
Narsi, brother of Bahram Gur,
i(>5, vi, 3 ; vii, 4, 95. i^^
GENERAL 1M)I:X
331
Narsi, made captain of the host,
vii, II
regent, vii. 86
fails to persuade the fran-
ians to resist the Khan,
vii, 87
Hahrani Gur's letter to, vii,
9^
writes to Bahram (jur on
behalf of the Iranians, vii,
94
goes with the chiefs to wel-
come Bahram C.i'ir, vii, 96
made ruler of Khurasan,
vii, 99
welcomes his brother on his
return from Hind, vii, 137
Narwan, forest of,near Tammisha
q.v. i, 217, 218 ; ii, 341 ;
viii, 35^^ 360. 377 ; ix, 86
Nasibin (Nisibis, q.v.), vi, 326
cession of, vi, 355
inhabitants of, refuse to
submit to Shapur, vi, 356
taken by Shapur, vi, 356
Nasiru'd-Dfn, title of Subuk-
tigin, q.v., i, 21, 100, 114
Nasr, Amir, brother of Sultan
Mahmud, i, 21 ; vi, 196
account of, i, 100
referred to, i, 114
praise of, i, 114 ; vi, 207
Nasr, Arab chief, vi, 65
appeals to Sikandar for
help, vi, 120
made ruler of Mecca, vi, 121
Nasr, son of Ahmad, Samanid,
vii, 340
patron of Riidagi, vii, 383
Nastar, Ca;sar's master of the
herds, iv, 325
refuses to employ Gushtasp,
iv, 326
Nastihan, Turanian hero, son of
W isa and brother of
Pi'ran, 146. 131, i, 92 ; ii,
264 ; iii, 79. 198, 210, 231,
25^ ; iv, 53 seq., 61, 75.
77
pursues Kai Khusrau, ii,
377 ^'■'l-
Nastihan, slain by Bizhan, iv,
54
Nasti'ih, Iranian hero, ii, 4 ; iii,
46 ; iv, 14S
Nastuh, Turanian hero, iv, 156
Nastiih, son of Mihran Sitad, 77J,
. viii, 225, 303
advises Hurmuzd, viii, 96
released by Bahrdm Chii-
bina, viii, 306
Nastiir (Basta-vairi, BastvAr),
son of Zarir, 755, v, 12,
25, 26
exploits of, foretold by
Jamasp, v, 50
given command of the rear,
V, 55
fights victoriously, v, 60
goes in search of Zarir, v, 67
finds Zarir's corpse and
laments over it, v, 67
exhorts Gushtasp to avenge
Zarir, v, 68
goes forth with Gushtasp 's
steed and armour, v, 69
challenges Eidirafsh, v, 69
fights with Bidirafsh, v, 70
attacks, with Asfandiyar and
Niish Azar, the Turan-
ians, V, 71
leads the host home, is
given a command, and
invades Tiiran, v, 74
stationed on the Iranian
left, v, 94
commands the right, v,-i09
Nastiir, son of Shirin and
Khusrau Parwiz, ix, 39
Nature-worship, of the Aryans,
i. 7. 51
Nau-Ardshir = Nard, vii, 381
Naubahar, Fire-temple at Balkh,
31
Luhrasp retires to, v, 31
Naudar, Shah, 142, i, 90, 91,
369 ; ii, 20, 36, 70, 153.
336, 400, 404 ; iii, 8, 24,
39, 50, 57. ^7. «6, 112,
123, 132, 177, 187, 215,
257, 28CJ, 294, 327 ; >v,
13, 61, 70, 157. 167, 178,
332
GENERAL INDEX
Naudar — cont.
191, 193. 206, 237, 254,
262, 267 ; vii, 37, 171 ;
viii, 223, 242
embassies of, to Sam, i, 248,
288
returns with Sam to court, i,
289
counselled by Miniichihr and
appointed his successor, i,
335
laments for Miniichihr, i,
336
Reign of, 142, i, 337 seq.
Note on, i, 337
accession of, i, 339
evil rule of, i, 339
revolts against, i, 339
appeals to Sam, i, 339
the chiefs reconciled to,
by Sam, i, 341
rewards Sam, i, 342
marches against Afrasiyab
to Dahistan, i, 345
battles of, with Afrasiyab,
i, 348 seq.
takes counsel with Karan,
i. 349
defeated, i, 350, 353
sends Tus and Gustaham
to conduct the Persian
women to Alburz, i, 351
beleaguered in Dahistan, i,
353
escapes from Dahistan, i,
355
pursued and taken by Afra-
siyab, i, 355
slain, i, 363
the Iranians bewail, i, 364
Nauriiz, Persian New-year's day
when the sun enters Aries,
vi, 33. 55, 273, 389 ; via,
216
Nawand, place in Khurasan on
the Binaliid Kuh (?), ii,
107
Naztab, a miller's daughter, vii,
32 and note
taken to wife by Bahram
Giir, vii, 33
Nearchus, admiral of Alexander
the Great, vi, 12, 61, 70
Ichthyophagi, account of
by, quoted by Arrian, vi,
69, 70
Nectanebus II (Nekht-neb-f),
the last Pharaoh
personates Amcn-Ra and
becomes the legendary
father of Alexander the
Great, vi, 16
story of, vi, 18 and note
Need, personification of. See
Greed.
Negroes, the, described, vi, 73,
157
cause frost and snow to
harm Sikandar, vi, 156,
157
Nekht-neb-f. See Nectanebus.
Nereis. See Kale.
Nero, Roman emperor (A.D. 54-
68), vii, 279
Neryosang, ii, 82
Nestorian, Nestorians, viii, 195
Metropolitan, vii, 219
Patriarch, vii, 219
New Year, Persian, beginning of,
i, 74. 88
Feast of (Nauriiz, New
Year's Day), i, 74, 274 ;
vii, 94, 200
origin of, i, 133
Nicaea, Indian city, vi, 18
Nicephorium (Callinicus, Kalini-
yiis q.v., Warigh, Rakka),
viii, 188
Nicolaus of Damascus, Greek
historian temp. Augustus,
vi, 195
Nil, as rhyme-word, i, 75
Nile, i, 40, 71, 114, 297 ; ii, 96,
153. 217, 310, 402 ; ill,
38, 41, 58, 208, 224, 225 ;
iv, 145 seq., 180, 333 ; v,
176, 188, 191, 245 ; vi, 42,
169, 171, 269 ; vii, 48,
250, 344, 416 ; viii, 126,
284. 293, 294 ; ix, 98
Blue, vi, 65
mistaken for Indus, vi, 68
GENERAL IMjEX
333
Ni'inri'iz— Si'stan=ZabulistAn,' i,
252. 264, 346, 357 ; ii, 21,
34. 69, 77. So, 84, 338,
395 ; iii. 17, 35, 319 ; iv,
136. 188; V, 85, 248, 288 ;
vii, 327 ; viii, 196, 284 ;
ix, 5, 6
conlirmcd to Rustam by Kai
Khusrau, iv, 297
Zal by Luhrasp, iv, 312
Sikandar marches to, vi, 175
satrapy of, ix, 69
Nineveh, viii, 193
fall of, i, 10
kings of, that attacked
Iran, i, 10
battle near, viii, 194
Ninus, mythical founder of
Nineveh, v, 292, 293
Ninyas, son of Ninus, v, 293
Niris, salt lake in Pars, vi, 17
referred to, vi, 21
Nisa, city (Muharamadabad ?)
in Khurasan or town in
Kirman, vii, 89 ; viii, 19
Nishapiir, city in Khurasan,* i,
36, 45 ; ii, loi ; iv, 255 ;
V, 28 seq., 291 ; vi, 298 ;
viii, 173 ; ix, 95
Nisibis (Xas.'bfn q.v.), city in
northern Mespotamia, i,
374
sieges of, i, 374, viii, 41
peace of, vi, 254
cession of, hy Jo. ian, vi, 326
by Khusrau Parvviz (?),
viii, 188
Nisus and Scylla, story of, vi,
323 note
Nitetis, vi, 16
Nivzar, son of Gushtasj), 755, v,
2O
death of, foretold by Jam-
asp, V, 50
slain, V, 60
Niydtus (Theodosius, son of
Maurice), Jjj, viii, 189,
281, 289 ; ix, 23
brother of Crcsar, viii, 280,
310
put in charge of Maryam,
vi'i, 280
welcomed by Khusrau I'ar-
wiz, viii, 280
WToth with Khusrau Par-
wiz, viii, 290
watches fight between Khus-
rau Parwiz and Bahram
Chubi'na, viii, 297
entertained at banquet by
Khusrau Parvviz, viii, 309
quarrel of, witli Bandwi,
viii, 309
threat of, to Khusrau Par-
wiz, viii, 310
reconciled to Pandwi, viii,
3"
returns to Rum, viii, 312
Nizami, Persian poet, viii, 192
Nizami-i-'Arudi, Persian writer
{12th century A.D.), i,
23
account of Firdausi by, i, 38
seq., 45, 46
Noldeke, Professor, v, 20, 21,
2S2 ; vi, igS note, 199 and
note, 253, 313, 372 ; viii,
71, 188
on the div Akwan, iii, 271
quoted, v, 118
treatise of, on the Alexander
Romance, etc., vi, 14 and
7!0te
on the Story of the Worm,
vi, 203, 205, 206
on llaftwad, vi, 206
on the Gipsies, vii, 6
on Sufarai, vii, 171, 185
on Wisdom-literature, vii,
281
'Prop'rly speakinR, ZiUmlisliiii is llie name of tin- hilly cmiiUi y about the
upper waters of the lliliiuiml, while Niinriiz and Sibtiin are synonymous
nam s for the low lying lands inio which i:s waters di scend, but I-'irdausi does not
seem to make any such liistinciion.
• The city has sullered much in the past from the ravages of war and earth-
quake and has been rebuilt SLveral times on tlightly varying siicts,
334
GENERAL INDEX
Noldcke, on Romance of Baliram
Chiibina, viii, 73
North, Sir Thomas (A.D. 1535-
1603 ?), vii, 383
version of the Fables of
Bidpai by, vii, 383
Northman, the, vi, 19
found the Russian empire,
vi, 19
Note on Pronunciation, preced-
ing text in each volume
Nubia, vi, 65
Niih bin Nasr, Samanid prince
(A.D. 942-954). vii, 5
Niih II. bin Mansiir, Samanid
prince (A.D. 976-997), i,
2t, 36 ; V, 21
Nu'man, prince of Hira, 162,
164, vi, 372, 396, 404
visits Yazdagird, vi, 377
goes to the chase with Bah-
ram Gur, vi, 384
goes to the Persian court
with Bahram Giir, vi,
. 386
returns to Yaman with
letters and presents, vi,
387
welcomes Bahram Gur on
his revisiting Yaman, vi,
390
invades Tran, vi, 397
rewarded by Bahram Gur,
vii, 10
Nu'min bin Munzir, prince of
Hira, viii, 188 ; ix, 5
put to death, viii, 190
Nu'man, Arab general, ix, 68
sent by 'Umar to fight
Yazdagird, ix, 68
defeats Piriizan at Naha-
vand, ix, 68
slain, ix, 69
Nurse, Manizha's, iii, 297
interview of, with Bizhan,
iii, 297
Niisha (Dukhtnush), daughter of
Narsi, 162, vi, 3, 324,
331
carried off by the Arabs, vi,
323. 330
Niish Azar, Firc-templc at
Balkh, V, 92 note, 173,
24^,255
burnt by the Turkmans, v,
93
Nush Azar, youngest son of
Asfandiyar, ii, 3, v, 166,
283, 285
attacks, with Nastiir and
Asfandiyar, the Turanian
host, V, 71
builder of a Fire-temple, v,
81
with Asfandiyar at Gum-
badan, v, 98
informs Asfandiyai of Jam-
asp's arrival, v, 98, 99
accompanies Asfandiyar
from Gumbadan, v, 103
slays Turkhan, v, 151
wrangles with Zawara, v, 226
slays Aiwa, v, 226
slain by Zawara, v, 227
death of, reported to Asfan-
diyar by Bahman, v, 227
corp.se of, sent to Gushtasp,
V, 232
Nushirwan (Kisra, Chosroes I),
Shah, 166-1J0, i, 27, 42 ;
V, 260 ; vi, 3, 201 ; vii, 4,
199, 220, 273 seq., 279 seq.,
320 ; viii, 3 seq., 71, 72,
86 seq., 98, 129, 169, 108,
200, 205, 209, 300, 312,
313. 377 : ix, 22, 26, 71,
80, 92, 105, 109, no, 119
collector of Iranian tradi-
tion, i, 67
quoted, vi, 208, 209 an^i
note
ori<^in of name, vii, 1S5, 211
and note
birth of, stories of, vii, 18O,
197 seq.
assistants of, against Maz-
dak, vii, 188, 206
upbringing of, vii, 200
Mazdak's attempt to con-
vert, vii, 205
disputation of, with Maz-
dak, vii, 206 seq.
GENflR.U. INDEX
335
Nuslurwi'in, Kiibad dt-ciiles in
favour of, vii, 208
executes Mazdak and his
followers, \ii, 208
Kii bad's testament in favour
of vii, 210, 316
Reign of, i6y, vii, 212 seq.
Notes on, vii, 212 scq., 279
seq., 316 seq., 380 seq.,
viii, 3 seq., 41 seq.
Roman Emperors contem-
porary with, vii, 212
historical events of reign of,
in the Shahnama, vii, 213
marriage of, with the daugh-
ter of the Khan vii, 347,
seq.
referred to, viii, 72, 97 seq.
waisof, with Rum, vii, 213,
217
first campaign of, vii, 218,
249
cons}iiracy against, vii, 214,
316
division of empire by, vii,
214, 224 ; ix, 69
bargains of, with Justinian,
vii, 214, 216 seq.
taxation reformed by, vii,
215, 224
wall of, in the Caucasus, J67,
i, 16 ; vii, 215, 239
JMas'udi's account of, vii,
215
dealings of, with the Alans,
vii, 216
Gildn, vii, 216
Baluchis, vii, 217
Munzir supported by, vii,
217, 244
and consequent war with
Riim, vii, 217, 244
jealous of Justinian's suc-
cesses in the West, vii,
217
promises to rule justly, vii,
221 seq.
attends muster at the insist-
ence of liabak, vii, 231
approves of liabak's con-
duct, vii, 232
NushirwSn, method of, in levying
tioops, vii, 233
wtites to Caesar on Munzir's
behalf, vii, 245
supplies Munzir with troops
for the invasion of Rum,
vii, 246
goes to A/.ar AbadagAn, vii,
250
disposition <.)l host by, vii,
251
addresses his troops, vii, 251
proclamations of, vii, 252,
365
burial of dead soldiers by,
vii, 232
policy of, with enemies, vii,
253
takes Shi'irab, vii, 254
Arayish-i-Rum, vii, 255
Caesar's treasures, vii,
255. 258
defeats Farfurius, vii, 256
takes Antakiya, vii, 258
disposes of the Ruman cap-
tives, vii, 259, 327
Ruman cordwainer and, vii;
260
envoy fiom Caesar comes
to, vii, 261
grants peace to Caesar, vii,
262
appoints Shirvvi to receive
the Ruman tribute, vii,
262
Christian wife of, vii, 263
mother of Nushzad, \ ii,
263, 274 seq.
helps Nushzad, vii, 266
laments for Nushzad, vii,
276
imprisons Nushzad, vii, 264
illness and reported death
of, vii, 264, 265
hears of Nushzad's revolt,
vii, 266
instructs Ram Barzin how
to act, vii, 267 seq.
Seven Bancjuets of 168, vii,
280, 287 seq.
possiule origin of, vii, 280
336
GENERAL INDEX
Nushirwan, Seven Banquets of,
Buzurjmihr's discourses
at, vii, 287 seq.
dream of, vii, 282
consults the archmagos, vii,
282
seeks for a dream-interpre-
ter, vii, 2^2
dieam of, interpreted by
Buzurjmihr, vii, 284
rewards and honours Bu-
zurjmihr, vii, 286, 289, 304,
311. 315 _ .
relations of, with Singiba,
vii, 317
the Haitalians, vii, "317
with Mahbud and his sons,
vii, 319 seq.
suspects Zuran, vii, 324
greatness of, vii, 327
buildings of, vii, 327
embassy of Khan to, vii, 329
consults the chiefs as to
Faghanish, the Khan, and
the Haitalians, vii, 333
leply of chiefs to, vii, 334
rejoinder of, to chiefs, vii,
336
prepares for war with the
Khan, vii, 337
writes to his chiefs, the
Khan, and Faghanish,
vii. 337
marches from Mada'in, vii,
337
goes to Gurgan, vii, 337
receives embassy from the
Khan, vii, 339
holds a court, vii, 340
displays his prowess before
the assembly, vii, 341
dismisses the Khan's envoy
with a letter, vii, 344
Khan's offer of affinity to,
vii, 347
reply of, vii, 349
occupies territory evacuated
by the Khan, vii, 358
Haitalians and others bring
gifts to, vii, 360, 362
gives praise to God, vii, 361
Nushirwan, leceives the tiibute
from Rum, vii, 362
goes to the temple of Azar-
gashasp, vii, 363
greatness of, vii, 364
questions Buzurjmihr, vii,
367 seq.
receives the game of chess
from Hind, vii, 380, 385
Raja of Hind's embassy to,
^ii. 384
rewards Buzurjmihr for dis-
coveiing how to play
chess, vii, 388
sends Buzurjmihr with pre-
sents and the game of
nard to Hind, vii, 390
proposes wager with the
Raja, vii, 391
welcomes Buzurjmihr on
his return from Hind, vii,
393
acquires the Book of Kalila
and Dimna, vii, 423 seq.
sends gifts to the Raja, vii,
rewards Barzwf, vii, 429
precautions of, as to suc-
cessor, viii, 3
goes hunting with Buzurj-
mihr, viii, 4
suspects and disgraces
Buzurjmihr, viii, 5
treats Buzurjmihr with in-
creasing ligour, viii, 7, S
reconciled to Buzurjmihr,
viii, 9
questioned by archimagcs,
viii, 14 seq., 28 seq.
gives judgment against his
own son, viii, 16
chief cook of, aggrieved, viii,
18
counsels Hurmuzd, viii, 25
seq.
writes to console Caesar's
son and successor, viii,
43
wroth at answer received,
viii, 45
invades Rum, viii, 46
GENER.U. IXDEX
337
NushirwAn, success of, viii, 47
checked, viii, 47
in want of money, viii, 47
takes counsel with Biizurj-
mihr, viii, 47
refuses advances from a
shoemaker, viii, 50, 71
high esteem of, for scribes,
viii, 50
grants peace to, and takes
tribute from, the Kumans,
viii, 52
returns to Taisafi'in, viii, 53
sons of, viii, 56, 63
instructs Biizurjmihr to
prove Hurmuzd, viii, 56
seq.
testament of, in favour of,
and last counsels to,
Hurmuzd, viii, 61 seq, ; ix,
22
directions of, as to inter-
ment, viii, 65
hall of, shattered, viii, 68
death of, \iii, 69, 71
system of administration of,
viii, 71
ministers of, put to death by
Hurmuzd, viii, 81 seq.
choice of Hurmuzd by, story
of, viii, 87
palace of, viii, 193
dream of, ix, 92
Niish Zad = Mihr-i-Nush, q.v.,
V. 285 and note
Nushzad, father of Mihrak,
vi, 237, 241, 267, 270,
273
Nushzad, son of Nushirwin,
i6y, vii, 213, 265, seq.
histoiical account of, vii, 219
Firdausi's account of, vii,
263 seq.
education of, vii, 263
imprisonment of, vii, 264
hears report of Niishirwdn's
death, vii, 265
revolts, vii, 266
helped by his mother, vii,
266
writes to Caesar, vii, 266
VOL. IX.
Niishzdd, goes to fight with Rdm
Barzin, vii, 272
exhorted to yield by Piriiz,
vii, 273
reply of, to Piruz, vii, 274
wounded, vii, 275
repents, vii, 275
sends message to his mother,
vii. 275
dies, vii, 275
lamentation for, vii, 276
Firdausi's reflections on, vii,
276
O
Oasis of Ammon, vi, 65
Alexander the Great's visit
to, vi, 65
Oblivion, Castle of, vii, 184
Obsequies, military, in the time
of Nuslurvvan, vii, 252
Oceanus, Homeric and Oriental,
i. 71
Odatis, Scythian princess, iv, 315
legend of, iv, 315
Odenathus, Arab chief, vi, 222
Shapiir son of Ardshir and,
vi, 294, 325
confused with Valerian, vi,
324 seq.
Odorico, Minorite Fiiar and tra-
veller (A.D. 1286-1331),
vi, 13
Old Man of the Mountain, the, v,
30
Olives, taxes on, vii, 215, 225
Olympias (N^hid, Halai ?), wife
of Philip of Maccdon and
mother of Alexander the
Great
legendary relations of, with
Nectanebus, vi, 16, 18
choice by, of name for her
son, vi, 19
intrigues of, vi, 82
Omartes, Scj^thian chief, iv, 315
legend of, iv, 315
Omen, ii, 192, v, 177
of the quince, ix, 13, 14
Y
33^
GENERAL INDEX
Omphis, Indian king, vi, 62
Onager, the div Akwan as, iii,
273 seq.
Bahram Chubina guided by,
viii, 156, 158
Onesicritus, chief pilot of Alex-
ander the Great and
writer, vi, 67
untrustworthy, vi, 12, 61, 67
Fakirs and, vi, 61
Calanus and, vi, 61
Mandanes and, vi, 61
Onnes, minister of Ninus, v, 292,
.293
Ordeal by fire, ii, 218 seq.
Ormus (Hurmuz), city on the
Persian Gulf, vi, 204
Osrhoene, kingdom in northern
Mesopotamia, vi, 198
Othello, play of, quoted, vi, 324
Owls, Mas'iidi's apologue of the,
vi, 310
and Crows, story of, viii, 263
and note
Ox, the first, i, 5
legend of the, i, 117, 236
Ox of Kai Kaiis, ii, 26
Ox-hide, or skin, filled with gold
as tribute, v, 265 and
note ; vii, 262, 363 ; viii,
46, 52, 53
Oxus (Jihiin, q.v.), river, i, 57 ;
ii, 190 ; v, 12, 29, ; vii,
156. 317 ; viii, 72
ancient trade-route, i, 57
confused with Aras, i, 71,
370
change in course of, i, 57
note, iii, 10
referred to, ix, 117 and note,
118
Oxyartcs, father of Roxana
(Riishanak), wife of Alex-
ander the Great, vi, 32
Padashkvar, a mountain or sec-
tion of the Alburz range,
i, 338
Page, of Nushi'rwan, viii, 5
seq.
relative of Biizurjmihr, viii,
5
instructed by Buzuijmihr,
viii, 6
takes messages between
Nushirwan and Biizurj-
mihr, viii, 6 seq.
Pahlav, region, ii, 77, 102 ; iii,
222
Pahlavan, i, 83 ; vi, 194
Pahlavi, middle Persian language
of Ashkanian (Parthian)
and Sasanian times, vii,
6, 113, 188, 380 seq. ; viii,
73. 74 ; ix. 50
meaning of, i, 64, 83
Firdausi's use of the word,
i, 69
Fables of Bidpai translated
into, vii, 382
language (middle Persian),
v, 24, 26, vi, 194
texts, ii, 27 ; v, 13, 14, 24,
30, ; vi, 195, 196, 257
version of the Pseudo-Callis-
thenes, vi, 14, 16, 84
writing and reading, con-
fusion in, vi, 14, 62, 205,
206
Paiddwasi, Persian coin = five
dinars, vii, 95 and note,
viii, 381 and note ; ix,
19
Paighu = Turanian, v, 13, 21
7Jote, 38 note, 41 note, 44
note ; viii, 190
Paikar-i-Guid, melody, viii, 398
and note
Pairika. See Pari.
Palace of Jewels, 160
Paladins, 154
Palashan, Turanian hero, 147,
iii, 26, 79
surveys the Iranian host,
iii, 69
slain by Bizhan, iii, 70
Palawina (Cappadocia), vi, 294,
297, 298
Palestine, vi, 30
GENERAL INDEX
339
Palladius, bishop, vi, 6i, 62
treatise of, on the Brah-
mans, vi, 61
interpolated into the
Pseudo-CaUisthenes, vi,
61
Palmyra, city in Syrian desert,
vi, 294, 322, 324 ; vii, 217
Palus Maeotis (Sea of Azoff), vi,
73
Pandavas, the five, iv, 138, 139
pilgrimage of, compared
with that of Kai Khusrau
and his paladins, iv, 138
Pand Namah, of Moola Firooz, i,
201 note
Pandnamak-i Vadsh6rg-Mitr6-i
Bukhtakan, PahlavT text,
vii, 279
Pandu, Indian king, iv, 316
Papak, Tribal King, 160, vi, 3,
194. 195. 198 seq., 2H
note and seq., 227, 252,
254. 256 ; viii, 214. 219
and note, 285
Sasan and, vi, 212
daughter of, marries Sdsan,
160, vi, 213
mother of Ardshir Papa-
kan, viii, 214
Ardawan's letter to, vi, 214
dies, vi, 218
kindred of, support Ardshir
Papakan, vi, 223 seq.
Papakan Ardshir. See Ardshir
Papakan.
Parable, Mazdak's, vii, 201
Paradise Lost referred to, vi, 71
Pari, i, 83, 172
Paris, city, MSS. of the Pseudo-
Callisthenes in National
Library at, vi, 14
Parmuda {see too Khdn of Chin),
170, lyi, viii, 75, 117, 130,
12,6 seq., 146, 1^0 seq., 164,
174
hears of Bahr4m Chubina's
victory and takes counsel,
viii, 131
marches toward Jihun, viii,
131
Parmuda, approaches Balkh,
viii, 134
j attacks and is defeated by
' Bahrdm Chubina, viii,
134 seq.
escapes to .'\w4za, viii, 138
besieged by Bahram Chii-
! bina, viii, 138 seq.
negotiates surrender of
Awaza with Bahram Chii-
bina, viii, 139 seq.
surrenders Awaza and sets
out for fran, viii, 143
insulted by Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 144
Bahram Chubina tries to
placate, viii, 145
Pars (Persis, FdrsistAn), country
on the eastern shores of
the Persian Gulf, 142, 153.
160, i, 351, 353, seq., 357,
368, 371 ; ii, 23, 28, 76.
loi, 226, 275, 286, 362,
410 ; iv, 146, 256, 269,
270, 318 ; V, 293, ; vi, 17.
25, 32 note, 37, 45, 115,
119, 194 and passim ; vii,
86, 90, 95. 190, 194. 201,
206, 214, 224 ; viii, 109
note. 112, 216, 241, 393,
395 ; ix, 68
corpse of Darius Codomanus
sent to, vi, 33
Ardshir Papakan fiees to, vi,
220
marches from, against Ar-
dawan, vi, 227
returns to, vi, 229
Iranians, after the death of
Yazdagird son of Shapiir,
meet to consult in, \i, 394
Parsi's, ix, 64
Part Kings. See Tribal Kings.
Parthia, kingdom, v, 10
Hystaspcs governor of, v,
10
Parthian, Paithians, i 10, 60, 64 ;
vi, 203, 256, 322 ; vii, 156;
viii, 73
conquest of fran by, i, 19
Zoioastrianism under, i, 63
340
GENERAL INDEX
Parthian, dynasty, iii, 9, ii ; v,
281 ; vi, 194, 201
uses the title of King of
kings, vi, 197
Great King, vi, 198
history, events of, repro-
duced in distorted form in
Shahnama, iii, 11
kingdom, ii, 80
Parvviz, Iranian chief, vi, 394
Parwiz, meaning of, viii, 187.
See too Khusrau Parwiz.
Pashan (Ladan), battle of, iii, 15,
80, 89 ; iv, 27, 36, 42,
90, 206 ; viii, 397 and
note
Pashang, father of Miniichihr, i,
90 ; iii, 25 (?) ; iv, 136,
marries daughter of fraj ;
i, 205
Pashang, ruler of Turan and
father of Afrasiyab, 142 ;
i, 92, 336, 337 ; ii. II. 13.
18, 20, 21, 297, 401 ; iii,
15 ; iv, 78, 136, 151, 174,
222, 266, 289
consults his chiefs as to war
with fran, i, 342
bids Afrasiyab invade fran,
i, 343. 375
advised by Ighriras not to
make wai, i, 344
overrules Ighriras, i, 344
Afrasiyab's letter to, i, 346
wroth with AfrasiyAb, i,
374
Pashang (Shida, q.v.), son of
Afrasiy4b, i, 92 ; iii, 15
Pashin, son of Kai Kubad. See
Kai Pashin.
Pashin, Iranian noble, vi, 408
Patashwargar, region, vi, 202 and
note
Pat-khusrau, brother of Gush-
tasp, V, 26
Patrician, iv, 348
Patrons of Fiidausi, i, 29
Pauravas, Indian race and dyn-
asty, vi, 31
Pauriishasp. See Pourushaspa.
Pel fumes, invention of, i, 133
Periods, mythic and historic, of
Shahnama, i, 49, 53
Perozes (Piruz), Sasanian king,
v'ii, 159
Persepolis (Istakhr), city in
Pars, vi, 31, 32 note, 373 ;
ix, 65
buildings at, attributed to
Humai, v, 293
Zoroastrian sciiptuies said
to have been burnt at, i,
63
Persia, i, 308 ; ii, 191 ; iii, 109,
128 ; iv, 8 ; v, 306 note ;
vi, 61, 278 ; vii, 118, 129,
381 ; viii, 195 ; ix, 66
Chess brought to, vi, 201 ;
vii, 280, 284 seq.
Fables of Bidpai brought to,
vii, 213, 423 seq.
Persian, Peisians, i, 6, 8 seq., 73,
74 ; ii, 190 ; v, 74 ; vi, 30
44, 45, 81, 143, 148, 157,
170, 201 and passim
bard, quoted, vii, 265
dispute with the Riimans
over Sikandar's burial, vi,
184
empire, ii, 9 ; vi, 197, ix, 65
war of, with Riim, viii, 41
history and legend in rela-
tion to Greek history and
legend, ii, 9
language, vi, 147, 205 ; vii,
134, 140, 143, 430 ; ix, 12,
monks introduce the silk-
worm into Europe, vi, 204
mutilation of captives, vi,
323. 334. 348, 357- 404
sea or gult, vi, 204, 205, ix,
66, 68
swords, vii, 135
wisdom-literature, vii, 278
seq., viii, 3
verse, vii, 383
Fables of Bidpai trans-
lated into, vii, 383
conquest of Yaman, viii, 24
note
raid Syiia, viii, 41
GEN ERA J. INDEX
.rfi
iVisiaii, iVrsians, defeat by
Romans rcfcrictl tt), viii,
war with Turks, viii, jj
Book of Kings, viii, 73
Tabari. See Tabari.
= Bahram Chubina, viii, 113
= Hurmuzd, viii, 116, 117
prince = Bahrain Chubina,
viii, 319
ideas on marriage, ix, 7
= Ashtdd and Kharrad, ix,
24
exonerate Shiiin, ix, 38
win ' The Battle of tlie
Biidge,' ix, 67
fail in attack on Hira, ix, 67
defeat of, at Kadisiya, ix,
67, 84
Jalula, ix, 68
Xahavand, ix, 69
Shu'ba Mughira's embassy
to, ix, 69
robes, ix, 94
transcribe Shalmama for
Firdausi, ix, 121
Persica, of Ktesias, v, 293
Persis (PArs, Farsistan), vi, 195
Pesho-tanu (Bishutan q.v.), v,
12
Pestilence, in reign of Kubad, ix,
3. 7 .
Petroleum, in ancient cult and
modem industry, i, 56 seq.
Pharasmanes, King of Kharazm,
vi, 72
Philip II of Macedon, (Failakus,
B.C. 382-336), father of
Alexander the Great, i,
55 note, vi, 16, 29
Nectanebus and, story of,
vi, 18
names his son Alexander,
vi. 19
Philon, Macedonian noble, vi, 76
Philosophers, Greek, enter-
tained by Niishirwin, vii,
280
Phocas, Eastern Roman Em-
peror, viii, 187, 189, 193,
194
Phosi)hf)r, UKiining star, ii, 123
Piiolius, (luoted, viii, 191
Phraates 11, Parthian king,
(13. C. 13S-127), ii. So, 81
Phraates = Farh ad, iii, 11
Phrygians, the, vi, 71
Pil, as rhyme-word, i, 75
Pillar, Bahram Giii 's, vii, 92, 160,
i6t, 164
Pilsam, Turanian hero, 1^4, 146,
ii, 112 seq., 320, 323 note,
350 seq. : iii, 204
pleads for Siyawush, ii, 315
summons I'lran to save Far-
angis, ii, 322
Piran, son of Wisa, Turanian
hero, cousin, commander-
in-chief, and counsellor of
Afrasiyab, 145, 146, 148-
152, i, 92 ; ii, 3, 112, 188,
257 seq., 264, 277, 291,
3". 315, 316. 335, 350,
370. 377. 379 seq., 397.
398 ; iii, 13, 26 note, 39,
42, 58, 90, 91, 98 seq., 102,
108, 120, 122, 123, 125,
142, 149 seq., 158, 160,
161, 169, 181 seq., 192, 193,
199 seq., 216 seq., 222,
227, 232, 234, 242, 252,
253. 259, ?>05 seq., 335 ^e?-.
349, 350, 357 ; iv, 7. 10
seq., 15 seq., 29 seq., 36,
38, 41, 47, 59 seq., 88 seq.,
93 seq., 103, 106 seq., 117,
118, 129, 134, 145, 159,
160, 162, 205, 206 ; viii,
414
character of, i, 55
identical with Harpagus in
legend, ii, 191
advises Afrdsiyab to receive
Siyciwush, ii, 253 note and
seq.
goes to welcome Siydwush,
ii, 258 seq.
daughter of, 145. See J arira.
arranges marriages for
Siy4wush, 145, ii, 26S
seq.
entertains Siydwush, ii, 278
34^
GENERAL INDEX
I'l'ran, offers to licl]i Siyawush to
builtl Gang-dizh, ii, 27S
prophecy of Siyawush to, ii,
2S2 seq.
goes to collect tribute, ii, 285
visits Siyawush, ii, 2S7
Afrasiyab, ii, 288
summoned to save Far-
angis, ii, 322 seq.
pleads for Farangis, ii, 324
takes charge of Farangis, ii,
325
dreams of Siyawush, ii, 325
protects the infant Kai
Khusrau, ii, 326 seq.
advises Afrasiyab respecting
Kai Khusrau, ii, 356
sends Kulbad and Nastihan
to pursue Kai Khusrau,
ii. 377
overthrown with his host
by Giv, ii, 385
appeals to Kai Khusrau, ii,
386
released, ii, 387
desciibes Giv's prowess to
Afiasiyab, ii, 389
disgraced, ii, 390
retires to Khutan, ii, 390
appointed to oppose the
Iranians, iii, 71, 79
marches on Giravgard to
surprise the Iranians, iii.
80
captures the Iranians' herds,
iii, 81
defeats the Iranians, iii, 82,
94 ^
Ruhham's embassy to, iii, 87
grants a month's aimistice
to Fariburz, iii, 88
losses of, in battle, iii, 94
takes half of Kawa's stand-
ard, iii, 94
sends Ruin to attack Bah-
ram, iii, 98
goes to see Bafiram, iii, 99
hears of the Iranians' re-
treat, iii, 105
informs Afrasiyab and re-
turns in triumph, iii, 106
Piran, goes to Khutan, lii, 107
goes to oppose Tus, iii, 117
informs Afrasiyab of the
Iranian invasion, iii, 118
reinforced, iii, 118
joins battle with Tus, iii, iiS
sends a wailock to bring a
snowstorm on the Iran-
ians, iii, 128
defeats the Iranians, iii, 131
takes counsel with his chiefs,
iii, 133
pursues the Iranians, iii, 134
sends Lahhak and Human
on in advance, iii, 135
reaches Mount Hamawan,
iii, 137
beleaguers the Iranians, iii,
138
attacked by Tus, iii, 139
hears of the approach of
reinf 01 cements, iii, 151
haiangues his host, iii, 151
goes to meet his allies, iii,
153
plan of campaign of, re-
jected, iii, 162
hears of the arrival of Iran-
ian succouis, iii, 164 seq.
Rustam, iii, 174
takes counsel with Kami'is
and the chiefs, iii, 175, 182
attacks the Iranians, iii, 176
describes Rustam to Kamus,
iii, 183
parleys with Rustam, iii, 202
reports to his kindred his
interview with Rustam,
iii, 206
declines Rustam's terms, iii,
217
retieats, iii, 231
counsels Afrasiyab, iii, 253
uiges Afiasiyab to with-
draw to Chin, iii, 265
city of, iii, 335
enteitains Rustam in dis-
guise, iii, 335
pursues Rustam, iii, 349
sent by Afrasiyab to invade
Iran, iv, 11
GENERAL INDEX
313
PirAn, liokls park-y with (ii'v, iv,
JO
informs Afrcisiyab, iv, 20
receives reinforcements, iv,
20
rejects Giv's overtures, iv,
21
occupies Kandbad, iv, 22
arrays his host, iv, 25
gives the centre to Huni4n
iv. 25
left to Burjisp, iv, 26
right to Lahhdk and
Farshidward, iv, 26
sets scouts on the mountain-
top, iv, 26
dissuades Human from
fighting, iv, 30
heais of Hiimdn's death, iv,
51
sends Nastihan to make a
night-attack, iv, 53
hears of Neistihan's death,
iv, 55
attacks Giidarz, iv, 55
proposes terms to Gudarz,
iv, 63
sends Ruin with letter to
Gudarz, iv, 67
receives Giidarz' reply, iv, 74
haiangues his troops and
prepares for battle, iv, 75
sends messenger to Afra-
siyab, iv, 75
receives Afrasiy4b's reply,
iv, 80
becomes despondent, iv, 81,
98
sends LahhAk and Far-
shfdward to take the
Trinians in flank, iv, 82
fights with Gfv, iv, 84
appeals to Lahhak and
Farshidward for help, iv,
85
announces the proposed
Battle of Eleven Rukhs,
iv, 94
gives the chief command to
Lahhdk and Farshidward,
iv, 94
Piran, instructs them, iv, 95
holds a parley with Gudarz
and arranges with liim
the Battle of the Eleven
Rukhs, iv, 95 seq.
steed of, slain by Gudarz,
iv, 107
falls under his steed and is
injured, iv, 107
flees from Gudarz, iv, 107
refuses to surrender, iv,
108
wounds Gudarz, iv, 108
slain by Giidarz, iv, 109
lamented for by Lahhak
and Farshidward, iv, 112
Kai Khusrau, iv, 127
buried with the Turanian
champions by Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 128
death of, announced to
Afiasiydb, iv, 151
treasures of, taken pos-
session of by AfrasiyAb, iv,
219
Piriiz (Perozes), ShAh, 166, vi, 3 ;
vii, 4, 153, 178 seq., 335,
359 ; viii, 73, 75, 168,
242, 245, 267, 285
passed over in the succes-
sion by Yazdagird, vii,
155
helped by the HaitaHans,
vii, 156, 157
defeats Hurn^uz, vii, 157
Hurmuz p^irdoncd by, vii,
156, 158
Reign of, 166, vii, 159 seq.
Note on, vii, 159 seq.
calamities of, \ii, 159
title of, vii, 159
relic of, vii, 159
measures of, against drought
vii, 159, 162
cities of, vii, 159, 163
expedition of, against
HaitaHans, vii, 159,
seq.
tradition of, vii, 160
in mythical story,
161
the
164
vii.
344
GENERAL INDEX
Piruz (Perozes), Bahram Gur's
pillar said to have been
moved by, vii, i6i
daughter of, taken prisoner,
vii, i6i
child of, the wife of
Kubad, vii, i6i, 184
accession of, vii, 161
advances against Khiish-
nawaz, vii, 164
gives the van to Hurmuz,
vii, 164
gives the real to Kubad,
vii, 164
gives the regency to P)alash,
vii, 164
makes Sufarai (Sarkhan)
minister to Balash^ vii,
164 and note
raphes to the appeal of
Khiishnawaz, vii, 165, 167
defeated by Khushnawaz,
vii, 168
death of, vii, 168
Iranian tradition of the
revenge for, vii, 170
Sufarai determines to
avenge, vii, 173
Piruz, franian chief, vii, 85
Piiuz, Iranian general, vii, 187
Piruz, Iranian warrioi, vii, 219,
273 seq.
exhorts Nushzad to yield,
vii, 273
Piriiz, father of Ustad, viii,
296
Piruz, son of Khusrau, minister
of Ardshir son of Shiiwi,
175
appointed general, ix, 44
letter of Guiaz to, ix, 46
takes counsel, ix, 46
writes to Guraz, ix, 47
Guraz marches against, ix,
48
appeals to Tukhar, ix, 48
feasts with Aidshir, ix, 48
informs Guraz of the death
of Ardshir, ix, 51
put to death, ix, 57
Piruz, Iranian prince, ix, 59
Piri'iz, son of Shapur, fianian
noble, takes Rustam's
letter to Sa'ad, ix, 80, 81
Piruzan, Persian general, com-
mands Persian forces at
Nahavand, ix, 68
slain, ix, 69
Piruz-Ram (Ram-Piruz), city
built by Piruz, 166, vii,
159, 163
Piruz Shapur (Ambar q.v.), vi,
3^7. 357
Pisces, constellation, i, 310 and
note : ii, 407 ; iii, 26, 159,
318 ; iv, 364 ; vi, 395 ;
vu, 245 ; viii, 51, 342 ;
ix, 71
Pishdadian, Pishdadians, i, 116,
373 ; vii, 161, 171
Dynasty, i, 49, 115 seq.,
122 ; ii, 9, 336 ; iii, 9, 13 ;
vi, 194
Plague. See Pestilence.
Planets,the seven, vi,2o6 ; vii,4o8
created by Ahriman, 3, 52
evil influence of, i, 52
symbolized in the game of
naid, vii, 3S2
Plato (Falatiin), Greek philo-
sopher (B.C. 427-347), vii,
100 note
Planisphere, ii, 215, 216
Pleiads, Pleiades, i, 114, 205,
244. 245, 267, 332 ; ii,
148, 282, 394, 408 ; iv,
183, 245, 329; V, no,
131 ; vi, 169, 401 ; \\\,
365 ; viii, 53, 158
Plutarch, Greek wiiter (A.D. 46-
120), vi, 67
Poll-tax, vii, 215, 225
Polo, game of, 145, ii, 263 seq.,
292; iv, 349, 350; vi, 329,
379,382; vii, 57, 118, 143,
235 ; viii, 246, 247, 25S,
371 ; ix, 16
episode in Karndmak and
Shahnama, vi, 196, 257,
263, 271
-stick, ii, 292 ; iv, 350 ; vi,
27T, 272; vii, 118; viii, 247
GENERAL INDEX
315
Ponis (I'"i'ir (/.;■.). liuliaii king,
vi, 17, ()i siq., 00, 70, .S3
son of, vi, 18, 63
Darius' lettci to, vi, 31
origin of name of, vi, ji
kingdom of, vi, 31
Alexander and, historical
account of, vi, 63
in the Pseudo-Callisthc-
nes, vi, 64, 67
statute of, vi, 64
nephew of, vi. So
Pourushaspa, father of Zai-
duhsht (Zoroaster), ii, g ;
V, 14. 15. 17
Prefatory Note, vii, v
Prelate, or bishop q.v., iv, 341,
34S ; vi, 184
as militarist, iv, 197 ; v,
306; vi, 124; viii, 47
and vote
Prelude, to Shahnania, i, 99 seq.
Kai Kaus, ii, 29
Suhrdb, ii, 119
Siyawush, ii, 191
Kai Khusrau, iii, 15
Farud, iii, 37
Kamus, iii, no
Akwan, iii, 272
Bizhan and Manizha, iii, 2S7
Battle of the Twelve Rukhs,
iv, 9
Rustam and Shaghad, v, 261
Niishirwan, vii, 220
Hurmuzd, viii, 77
Presbyter, iv, 348
Prithd, Indian princess, iv, 316
Procopius, Byzantine historian
(6th century A.D.), vii, 187
Prometheus, i, 57
Pronunciation, Note on, preced-
ing text in each volume.
Property-tax, remission of, 165
Prophet, the, Praise of, Jjp
Proverb, i, 194, 195. 197 ; vii,
185 ; viii, 187
Pseudo - Callisthenes, Greek
Romance of Alexander
the Great, ii, 9 ; vi,
30 seq., 62 seq., 71, 72,
74 seq.
Pseudo-Calisthcncs, account and
versions of, vi, 13 seq.,
17
vogue of, \ i, 17
treatise of I'allacliiis inter-
p(jlated in, vi, 61
Alexander and Porus in, vi,
64
historic elements in, vi, 83
Egyptian elements in, vi, 83
Persian elements in, vi, 83
Arabic elements in, vi, 83
diagram to illustrate, vi, 84
Ptolemy, son of Lagus, one of
Alexander the Great's
generals, king of Egypt
(B.C. 323-283), and his-
torian, vi, 12, 13, 66
Piilad, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 64,
93 ; iii, 256 ; iv, 296 and
note ; v, 204
Pul4d, Iranian hero, ii, 22
Pulad, Turanian hero, ii, 264 ;
iii, 199, 234
Piilad wand, Turanian hero or
div, I4g ; iii, 191, 268,
270
summoned by Afrasiyab, iii,
254
goes to help Afrasiyab, iii,
255
takes counsel with Afra-
siyAb, iii, 256
worsts Tus, iii, 257
Giv, Ruhhdm, and Biz-
han, iii, 258
cleaves in twain Kawa's
standard, iii, 25S
challenged by Rustam, iii,
259
overthrown by Rustam, iii,
264
withdraws with his army
from the luld, iii, 265
Pun-t (Berbera q.v.), ii, 79
Piirandukht, Shah, lys, v, 294 ;
vi, 3 ; ix, 56
reproaches Kubad, ix, 17
makes Shahranguiaz prime
minister, ix, 56
True Cross and, ix, 56
346
GENERAL INDEX
Purmaya (Barmaiiin), brother of
Faridun, i, 90, 91 ; v, 261
referred to, i, 147, 165
Kaianush and, summon the
smiths to Faridun, i, 158
go with Faridun against
Zahhak, i, 159
attempt to kill Faridun,
i, 160
Pusfairukh, ix, 50
Python, Apollo and the, vi, 203
Q
Queen of Chin (wife of the
Khan), viii, 190
daughter of, slain by lion-
ape, viii, 322
asks Bahram Chubina to
avenge her daughter, viii,
324
steward of, plots with Khar-
rad against Bahram Chubina
viii. 335
daughter of, cuied by Khar-
rad, viii, 336
grants boon to Khan ad,
viii, 338
disgraced, viii, 3^4
Questions, Mountain of the Holy,
i, 62
hard, vii, 102 seq.
Quince, omen of the, ix, 13, 14
Quintus Curtius, Roman writer
(ist century A.D.), vi, 65
on the Amazons, vi, 72
R
Races, duplicate in West and
East, vi, 68
fair-haired, vi, 73
Rad, ruler of Zabulistan, vii, 86
Rada, Mount, ix, 91, 94
Radwi, archimage
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
dagird, ix, 102
•The village of Riwad to the south
was once the western boundary ol the
Rai, city and district near Tih-
ran, 174, i, 363, 366 seq. ;
ii. 23, 399 ; iii, 242 ; iv,
147, 255, 256 ; V, 14, 18 ;
vi, 32, 202, 219, 229 ; vii,
84, 160, 184 ; viii, 72,
155, 166, 171, 173, 174,
189, 214, 216, 240 ; ix,
68, 69, 89, 95, 96
seat of the Magi, i, 60
Khar of. See Khar, i, 368,
374. 381
Ardawan's capital, vi, 201
Shapur of, vii, 184, 185, 191,
192
seat of Arsacid power, viii,
72
Bahram Chubina goes to,
viii, 306
Khusrau Parwiz oppresses,
viii, 365
misery of, viii, 367
Gurdya delivers, viii, 368
Rai. See Raja.
Raibad, town, about twenty
miles west of Nishaptii,
and district east of the
Jagatai range, in Khura-
san,*, iv, 17, 22, 23, 47,
55, 76, 88, 112, 134
occupied by Gudarz, iv,
16
arrival of Kai Khusiau at,
iv, III, 126
Rdja (Rai) of Hind, temp. Luh-
rasp, iv, 321 ; ix, 17
temp. Niishirwan, i6g, vii, 140
and note, 143, 424
proposes wager to Niishir-
wan, vii, 5, 385, 387
receives game of nard from
Nushirwan, vii, 5, 381,
389 seq.
fails to discover how to play
the game, vii, 392
pays forfeit to Nushirwan,
vii, 393
receives Ntishirwan's gifts
from Barzwi, vii, 425
of the range may perhaps indicate what
district.
GENERAL INDEX
347
Kaja, assists Barzwi in his mis-
sion to Hind, vii, 428
letter of, ix, 17
put in cliarge of Shirin,
ix, 17 _
Rakhsh, Rustam's steed, T42, i,
3S6; ii, 13, 42 scq., 67, 74,
94, 97, 110, 116, 139, 143,
311 354; iii, 146, 177,
186, 189, 194, 195, 223,
224, 226, 227, 229, 259,
264, 275, 276, 278, 279,
313. 3^4. 3-26, 335, 342.
344. 346 seq., 350, 352 ;
iv. 295 ; V, 117, 184, 192,
198. 207, 208, 214, 219,
228 seq., 234 seq., 266, 275
caught by Rustam, i, 378
seq.
described, i, 379, 380
care taken of, i, 380
slays a lion, ii, 45
encounters a dragon, ii, 48
stolen by Turkmans, ii, 121
seq.
sire of Shurab's charger, ii,
128
saddled by Giv, Ruhliam,
and Tiis for the fight with
Suhrab, ii, 160
referred to, iii, 184, 228,
253 ; V, 199
wounded by Asfandiyar, v,
229
returns home without Rus-
tam, V, 229
Rustam's thought of aban-
doning, V, 235
healed by the Simurgh, v,
237
tries to save Rustam, v,
270
falls into the pit, v, 270
body of, taken from pit by
Faramaiz, v, 275
tomb of, V, 276
loid of = Rustam, v, 306
Rakhshasas, vi, 13
Rakka (Callinicus, KAliniyus ^.t;.,
Nicephorium, Warigh),
city, viii, 188
Ram, personification of the
Divine Grace, i, 374. See
mountain-sheep.
Rustam's life saved by a, ii,
46
constellation, ii, 299 ; v, 129
Ram, Fire-temple, vi, 202, 226
Ram, franian wairior, viii, 291
Rdm Ardsliir, city, vi, 202, 290
and note
Rdm Barzin, high priest and
general, 167, vii, 275
Kubad's testament kept by,
vii, 210
Nushirwan's instructions to,
concerning Nushzad, vii,
267 seq.
goes to fight with Nush-
z4d, vii, 272
hears of Nushzad 's last
wishes, vii, 276
Ram Barzin, Persian official,
viii, 313
Rambihisht, wife of Sasin, vi,
198
Ram Hurmuz, city in Khuzistan,
east of Ahwaz, vi, 199
plain of, vi, 199
Ramishn - i - Ardshir, district,
vi, 202
Ram Kubad (Aragan), city, vii,
188
Ram Piruz. See Piiuz Rdm.
Rangwi, Iranian warrior, viii,
296
Rasafa, viii, 188
Rashnawad, captain of the host
to Hum^i, 158
assembles troops, v, 301
Darab enlists under, v,
301
host of, reviewed by HumAi,
V, 302
marches on Riim, v, 302
and the adventure of the
ruined vault, v, 303
gives presents to Darab, v,
304
questions DarAb, v, 304
sends for the laundercr and
his wife, v, 304
348
GENERAL INDEX
Rashnawdd, Darab and, defeat
the Rumans, v, 305, 306
praises Darab, v, 305, 306
offers Darab tJie spoil, v, 306
grants peace to Caesar, v,
307
returns to Iran, v, 307
hears from the launderer and
his wife about the case of
Darab, v, 308
writes to Humai about the
case of Darab, v, 308
appears with Darab before
Humai, v, 309 seq.
Ras-Shapiir (Gund-i-Shapur,
q.v.),city. vi, 255, 256
Rati, weight, vi, 156 and note
Raven, Raven-head, ix, 91 and
note, 95 note, 96
Ravi (Hydraotes), river in the
Punjab, vi, 64
Rawalpindi, town and distiict in
the Punjab, vi, 62
Rawlinson, Sir Henry, his ac-
count of Gotarzes' insciip-
tion at Bihistun, iii, 9
Rawlinson, Professor, vi, 253
Red Sea, ii, 364
Reeds (bamboos), vi, 71
gigantic, seen by Sikandar,
vi, 148
used in house-building, vi,
71, 148
Religion, War of the, v, 19, 26
two campaigns of, v, 29
Remus, See Romulus.
Reseph, viii, 188
Responses, of Nushirwan, viii, 14
seq., 28 seq.
Revellers, Rosary of, ix, 38, 40
Rhyme-words, i, 74 ; ii, 228
note ; v, 261 ; vi, 372 ;
vii, 88 and note, 89 and
note, 174 and note, 245 and
note, 263 and note
Firdausi and, viii, 397 note
Ridge of Gushtasp, v, 29
Riv-Ardshir, city east of the
Jarahi river near the head
of the Persian Gulf, vi, 202
referred to, vi, 224
Rivm'z, son-in-law of Ti'is, 14^,
iii, 14, 25, 45, 57, 60, 71
prepaics to attack Farud,
iii, 51
referred to, iii, 55
burial of, iii, 68
Rivniz, son of Kai Kaus, ii, 3 ;
iii, 14, 96, 113, 114, 232
slain, iii, 93
battle for crown of, iii, 94
Rivniz, son of Zarasp, iv, 360
Zarir and, go to Rum, iv, 360
hails Gushtasp as Shah, iv,
362
Rizniihr (Zarmihr), son of Sufa-
rai, 166, vii, 207 ; viii, i6g
identical with Sufaiai, vii,
185
Kubad and, go to the Hai-
talians, vii, 186
fate of, vii, 186
loyalty of, to Kubad, vii, 196
helps Kubad to escape from
prison, vii, 197
negotiates a marriage for
Kubad, .vii, 197
made chief minister, vii, 200
Rizwan, angel, ii, 39 and note,
288
Roc, mythical bird, i, 51, 235
Roman, Romans, i, 10 ; iii, 2S6 ;
vi, 254, 318, 325, 326 ; vii,
214 ; viii, 188, 189, 195 ;
ix, =;o, 66
relations of, with the Iran-
ians, i, 14
empire, Eastern, i, 373 ; vi,
253
war of, with Persian, viii,
41. 193 _
Alexander's legendary visit
to, vi, 30
emperors, vi, 321, 371, 372
neglect the defences of the
Caucasus, vii, 187
so-called tribute of, to
Persia, vii, 1S7
treatment of Munzir by, vii,
217
leads to war with Nushir-
wan, vii, 217
GENERAL l.\DEX
349
Romans.defeat Bahr^m Chiibfna,
viii, 76
Romance of Alexander the Great
(Pseiulo-Callisthenes,
q.v.), vi, II scq., 88
incorporation of, in Shdh-
ndma, vi, 16
vogue of, vi, 1 7
sources of marvels in, vi, 12,
69
diagiam to illustiate, vi, 84
Rome, vi, 194, 197, 203, 301,
Shapi'ir son of Ardshir's wars
with, vi, 294, 297
BahrAm Gur's war with, vi,
373
Romulus and Remus, foundling
legend of, v, 293
Rook, piece in chess. See Rukh.
Rosary of Revellers, ix, 38, 40
Roxana (Rushanak, q.v.), vi, 33
Alexander and, vi, 30
account of, vi, 32
Rudiba, daughter of Mihrab
king of Kabul, wife of Zal,
and mother of Rustam,
141, 157. i. 145. 299 : ii,
44, 180 ; v, 182, 184, 190
note
Story of Zal and, i, 256 seq.
referred to, iii, 285
Zal hears of, i, 257
description of, i, 257, 259,
264, 266, 272
hears of Zal, i, 260
falls in love with Zal, i, 260
handmaids of, go in quest of
Zal, i, 263
interview ZAl, i, 266
invite Z41 to visit RudAba,
i, 267
reproached by the porter,
i, 267
describe Z41, i, 268
prepares to receive 7.k\, i,
269
entertains, and plights her
troth to, Z41, i, 272
Zk\ consults the archiniagcs
on the matter of, i, 273
Rudaba, go-between of, with
Zal, i, 2 So
7A\ sends Sdm's kttei to, i,
280
rewaids her go-between, i,
281
go between of, discovered by
Sindukht. i, 281
reproached by her parents, i,
282, 2S7
congratulated by Sindukht,
i. 315
seen and admired by Sam, i,
318
married to Zal, i, 318
Zdl and, go to Si'stan, i, 319
giievous travail of, i, 320
saved by the Sfmurgh, i, 321
Caesarean operation per-
formed upon, i, 322
gives birth to Rustam, i,
322
fasts in sorrow for Rustam,
v, 278
fren2ry of, v, 278
regains her wits, v, 279
referred to, v, 190, 289
lamentation of, v, 289
Riidagi, Persian poet, versifies
the Fables of Bidpai, vii,
3S3. 431
Riidbar, district, v, 30
Rudj'-Ab, father of Papak (in
Shahnama), vi, 200, 212
Rue, vnld, as a prophylactic, i,
380
Ruhham, son of Gudarz, Tidnian
heio, ii, 4. 62, 73, 144, 158,
340 ; iii, 19, 33, 48, 67,
115, lit scq., 139 sf(/., 154,
157, 182, 187, 211, 248,
259, 264, 268, 273, 322,
350, 352 ; iv, 13, 15. 21,
31, 37, 147 ; vii 156
helps to saddle Rakhsh for
the fight with SuhrAb, ii,
160
mortally wounds Farud, iii,
64
embassy of, to Pirdn, iii, 87
attacks ]5azur, iii, i^ij
350
GENERAL INDEX
Ruhham, worsted by Ashkabiis,
iii, 179
goes to the help of Rustam,
iii, 227
worsted by Pulddwand, iii,
258
goes with Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
commands the left wing, iv,
24
superseded pro tern, by
Farhad, iv, 92
chosen to fight with Barman
iv, 97
slays Barman, iv, 102
sent by Giidarz to fetch
Piran's corpse, iv, 110
acts as Kai Khusrau's stan-
dard-beaier in his combat
with Shida, iv, 171
protests against Kai Khus-
rau's fighting on foot with
Shida, iv, 174
holds Kai Khusrau's steed,
iv, 175
instiucted by Kai Khusrau
to bury Shida, iv, 176
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles
for refusing audience, iv,
275
Ruhham, king of Rai, temp.
Bahram Giir, vii, 85
Ruhhcim, Iranian warrior, vii,
156
helps Piruz to gain the
throne, vii, 156, 186 ;
viii, 73
Ruin, son of Piran, 151, i, 92 ;
iii, 207, 234 ; iv, 10, 71,
90, 102, 152, 153, 162
summons Piran to save
Farangis, ii, 323 and note
sent by Piran to attack
Bahram, iii, 98
wounded by Bahram, iii,
99
put in command of ambush,
iv, 26
bears letter from Piran to
Giidarz, iv, 67
Ruin, entertained by Giidarz, iv,
68
returns to Piran with Gii-
darz' reply, iv, 74
goes to help Piran against
Gi'v and is defeated, iv, 84
chosen to fight with Bizhan,
iv, 97
slain by Bizhan, iv, 103
Riiina, place, ix, gi
Rukh, piece in chess (castle), vii,
385. 423
position of, iv, 8, ; vii, 388,
422
move of, iv, 8 ; vii, 422
Rukhs, Battle of the Twelve, 151;
iv, 7 seq.
meaning of, iv, 7
Battle of the Eleven, 151,
iv, 88
arranged by Giidarz and
Piran, iv, 95 seq.
Firdausi's reflections on,
iv, 7, 98, 106
referred to, v, 29 ; vii, 156
Riim, the Eastern Roman Em-
pire, 15^, 15S, 162, i6y,
^72. 173, i, 15, 229 ; ii,
143. 297, 307, 360 ; iii,
106, 151, 164, 296 ; iv, 14,
133. 148. 196, 197. 208,
272, 312, 314, 316, 317,
2,2^ seq., 330, 331, 333 55?-.
339, 341 seq., 345, 348, 349
352, 353. 355. 356, 359,
361, 364, ; V, 75, 76. 102,
180, 188, 262, 301, 305 ;
vi, 40, 41, 45, 51, 53, 81,
94, 104, 113 seq., and
passim
king of = Mahmiid, i, 113
= Sikandar, vi, 172
West and, Salm's portion, i,
189
brocade of, i, 157, 183, 210,
252, 2G3, 316 and passim ;
iii, 26, 235, 291, 297, 355 ;
iv, 128, 271. 364 ; v, 295 ;
vi, 56, 89 ; vii, 64, 67, 276,
384 ; viii, 157, 173, 278.
337. 367. 374 ; i^'. 99. loi
GENERAL INDEX
351
Rum, hdm of, iii, 114
sea of, iii, 177
city in, founded by Salm, iv,
3-25
ravaged by Rashnawdd and
DarAb, v, 307
ambassadors from, come to
DArab, vi, 21
Darab wars with, vi, 22
prince of, vi, 22
chiefs of, vi, 23, 153
withdraw on Darab's ap-
proach, vi, 23
tribute of, to frin, vi, 24
explained, vii, 187
ambassadors from, come to
Dara, vi, 35
reed (pen) of, vi, 85
stufTs of, vi, 143
philosophers of, vi, 115,
154 ; viii, 279, 382
cavaliers of, vi, 167
Shah of = Sikandar, vi, 170
Sikandar's policy to safe-
guard, vi, 178
Arastalis' advice to Sikan-
dar concerning, vi, 179
invaded by Shapur, vi, 350
slave-girls of, chosen by
Bahram Gui, vi, 382
Bahram Gur's war with, vii,
4. 5, 84 ^
Niishirwdn's wars with, vii,
213
robes of, viii, 308
captured cities of, restored
to, viii, 312
monks of, slain by Mcihwi,
ix, 113
Kiiman, Riimans, 154, 158, 162,
167, 172, 173, iii, 309 ; iv,
357. 360, 363 ; V, 173, 205
292 ; vi, 44, 45, loi seq.,
113, 114, 127, 142, 148,
1 08, 170, 179 seq., and
passim
slaves, i, 252 ; vi, 3S2 ; vii,
54. 2.50
invade Ircin, v, 301
defeated by Rashnawdd and
Daiab, v, 305 seq.
Ruman, Riimans, king of = Philip
of Macedon, vi, 19
carry out works in fran, vi,
21
= Sikandar, vi, 50, 52,
Iranians ask quarter of, vi,
51
tongue, vi, 160 ; vii, 256,
261
dispute with the Persians as
to Sikandar's burial, vi,
184
sages, vi, 1S5
their sentences over the
coffin of Sikandar, vi,
I, 85, seq.
silk, vi, 280, ; vii, 424
defeated by Shapur, son of
Ardshir, vi, 297
engineeis build bridge at
Shiishtar, vi, 299
astrologic tablets, vi, 376
eunuchs, vii, 67, ; viii,
279
pen, vii, 73
helmet, vii, 89, 272, 274
bishop, vii, 275, 276
envoy, viii, 8 seq.
surrender to Niishirwan, viii,
47
entrench themselves, viii,
47
sue for peace and pay tribute
viii, 51 seq.
architect, viii, 193, 401
marches, viii, 252
robes, viii, 253
helms, viii, 105, 276, 417
worsted by Hahr4m Chii-
bina, viii, 292
artificers imprisoned by
Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 402
released by Khusrau Par-
wiz, viii, 403
Riimiya (New Antioch, Siirsin
</.!'.), a suburb of Ctcsiphon
(Taisafun)on the east bank
of the Tigris, vii, 218
Riis (Russia), vi, 19 ; viii, 406
king of, vi, 22
352
GENERAL INDEX
Rushanak (Roxana, q.v.), daugh-
ter of Dara (in Shahnama)
and wife of Sikandar, 15S,
159. ii. 3 ; vi, 86 seq., 188
account of, vi, 32
derivation of, vi, 33
bestowed by Dai a on Sikan-
dar, vi, 55
son of, vi, 81, 181
visited by Nahi'd, vi, 89
married to Sikandar, vi, 90
reference in Sikandar's Will,
to, vi, 181
Rushan Piruz, city, vii, 160
Russia, vi, 19
Russian, Russians, vi, 19
empire, vi, 19
foundation of, vi, 19
cloth, ix, no
Rustam, son of Zal, fianian
national hero, 141-150,
153, 154. 15^, 157, i. 42,
68, 90, 174, 235 seq., 376
seq. ; ii, 4, 18, 25, 34, 35,
42 seq., 79, 92 seq., 188,
236, .237, 271, 286, 290,
311, 316, 318, 319, 335,
MA seq., 349 se^-, 37i, 372,
380, 394, 400 ; iii, 24, 35,
36, 40, 107 seq., 121, 134,
138, 141 seq., 155, ib^seq.,
182 seq., 294, 307, 308 ; iv
II, 13, 27, 30, 65. 157,
167, 172, 198, 226, 227,
277, 285, 289, 292, 319,
324 ; v, 9, 22, 30, 50, 73,
86, 165, 254 seq., 278, 279,
281, seq., 298 ; vi, 325,
395 ; vii, 151 ; viii, 106,
177, 219, 223, 332 ; ix, 25
Caesarean birth of, i,
236, 321 seq.
account of, in Moses of
Chorene, i, 236
presage of, by the astrolo-
gers, i, 278, 307
Simurgh, i, 321
oiigin of name, i, 322 and
note
effigy of, sent to Salm, i, 322
nurturing of, i, 324
Rustam, goes with Zal and
Mihrab to meet Sam, i, 325
slays the white elephant, i,
327. 377
bidden by Zal to take Mount
Sipand, i, 329
takes Mount Sipand, i, 331,
377
sends the Spoil to Zal, i, 333
sets fire to Mount Sipand, i,
333
bidden by Zal to prepare for
wax-, i, 376
reply of, i, 376
Zal gives Sam's mace to, i,
378
obtains Rakhsh, i, 378
goes in quest of Kai Kubad,
i, 382 seq.
slays Kulun, i, 386
first campaign of, ii, 11 seq.
nearly takes Afrasiyab
prisoner, ii, 14, 116, 354
rewarded by Kai Kubad, ii,
21
Seven Courses of (Haft
Khwan) 143, ii, 44 seq.
life of, saved by a ram, ii, 46
song of, ii, 51
rescues Kai Kaiis in Mazan-
daran, ii, 58
handgrip of, ii, 66, 67
encounter of, with Kalahur,
ii, 67
Juya, ii, 71
audience of, with the king of
M^zandaran, ii, 67 seq.
encounter of, with the king
of Mazandaran, ii, 73
rewaided bj^ Kai Ivaus, ii, 77
entertains Kai Kaiis, ii, 83
takes the king of Shim
prisoner, ii, 97
defeats Afrasiyab, ii, 100
made paladin of paladins by
Kai Kius, ii, loi
goes in search of Kai Kaus,
ii, 104
takes part in the Fight of the
Seven Warriors, ii, 107 seq.
slays Alkiis, ii, 115
GENERA!. I.\l>i:.\
353
Kiistam, and Siihrab, Story of,
ii, 1 1 S seq.
loses Kaklish, ii, 121
Afrasiyab's plot against, ii,
129
holds a drinking-bout, ii, 141
quarrels with Kai K4us, ii.
142
reconciled by Giidarz, ii, 144
seg.
goes in disguise to see Suh-
r4b, ii, 149
adventure of, with Zhanda
Rami, ii, 149 seq.
Suhrab described by, ii, 151,
166
encampment of, described,
ii. 154
armed by Tus, Giv, and
Ruhham for his fight with
Suhrab, ii, 160
challenges Suhrab, ii, 161
charge of, to Zawara, ii, 167
dechnes Suhrab's advances,
ii, 169
saves his life by a ruse, ii,
170
prays that his strength may
be restored, ii, 171
learns too late that Suhrab
is his son, ii, 173
grief of, ii, 173 seq.
makes a truce with Humdn,
ii, 176
tries to slay Hajir, ii, 176
himself, ii, 177
brings up Siyawush, ii, 196
maiches with him against
Afrisiyab, ii, 225, seq.
returns and quarrels with
Kai KAus, ii, 242 seq.
grief and wrath of, at the
death of Siyawush, ii, 338
seq.
puts Surkha to death, ii, 346
lights with the Turanians, ii,
349 seq.
appoints Tus ruler of Ch4ch,
ii. 35S
Gudarz ruler of Sughd and
Sipanjab, ii, 35S
VOL. IX.
Rustam, daughtn of, ii, 3S3,
384, iii, 3^3
wife of, ii, 3S4, iii, 323
hears of Kai Khusrau's
arrival in fran, ii, 395
Turkman occupation of Za-
bulistan, accoimt of by, iii,
14
goes to do homage to Kai
Khusrau, iii, 17
witnesses Kai Khusiau's
oath to avenge Siyawush,
iii, 22
proposes to Kai Khusrau to
expel Turkmans from ZA-
bulistan, iii, 30
asks Kai Khusrau to pardon
Tiis and the franians in
the matter of Fai lid, iii,
"3
summoned by Kai Khusrau,
iii. 143
advocates the maiiiage of
Fariburz and Faiangis,
iii, 146
marches to succour Tus, iii,
148
meets Gudarz, iii, 171
takes counsel with Tus and
the chiefs, iii, 172
arrays the host, iii, 177
fight of, with Ashkabiis,
legend about, iii, 109
leferied to, viii, 75
parleys with Ashkabiis, iii,
180
slays Ashkabiis, iii, 181
described by Piran, iii, 183
harangues the troops, iii,
186, 219. 223. 232, 235
challenged by Kamiis, iii,
187
spear-bearer of, slain by
Kdmiis, iii, 188
parleys with Kimiis, iii, 188
takes Kamiis prisonei, iii,
189
and the Kh4n of Chin, Story
of, I4(), iii, 191 seq.
refe.red to, iii, 193
slays Chingish, iii, 195
Z
354
GENERAL INDEX
Rustam, parleys with Human,
iii, 196
conditions of peace offered
by, iii, 197. 205
parleys with Pi'ran, iii, 202
proposes peace on terms to
the Iranians, iii, 211
warned by Giidarz not to
trust Piran, iii, 212
wrath of, with Piran, iii, 218
unhoises Shangul, iii, 221
prowess of, in battle, iii, 222
seq.
overthrows Kundur, iii, 224
slays Sciwa, iii, 224
Gahar, iii, 225
attacks the Khan of Chin,
iii, 225, seq.
victorious, iii, 231, seq.
wroth with Tiis and the
Iranians, iii, 234
sends Fariburz to Kai Khus-
rau with tidings of victory,
iii, 236, seq.
leads on the host, iii, 238
reaches Sughd, iii, 244
sends troops to attack
Bidad, iii, 244
slays Kafiir, iii, 245
besieges and stoims Bidad,
iii, 246
sends Gi'v to raid Khutan,
iii, 247
praised by Giidarz, iii, 248
described Dy Afrasiyab, iii,
251
attacks the Turanians, iii,
257
challenges Puladwand, iii,
259
overthrows PulAdwand, iii,
264
defeats the Turanians, iii,
266
divides the spoil, iii, 266
ravages Tiiran, iii, 266
returns in triumph, iii, 267
asks Kai Khusrau's leave to
return to Zdl, iii, 269
rewarded by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 269
Rustam, Story of fight of, with
the div Akwan, J79, iii,
271 seq.
summoned to court by Kai
Khusrau, iii, 274
pursues the div Akwan, iii,
275
foiled by Akwan, iii, 276
taken at a disadvantage by
Akw4n, iii, 276
offered a choice of deaths by
Akwan, iii, 277
outwits Akwan, iii, 277
finds Rakhsh among Afra-
siyab's herds, iii, 278
encounters Afrasiyab's
herdsmen, iii, 279
defeats Afrasiyab, iii, 280
slays Akwan, iii, 281
carries off the spoil, iii,
281
welcomed by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 282
tells his adventure with
Akwan, iii, 282
rewarded by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 283
returns home, iii, 283
summoned to court in the
matter of Bizhan, iii, 319
seq.
visited by Giv, iii, 322
promises to help Giv, iii,
324
goes with Giv to court, iii,
326
address of, to Kai Khusrau,
iii, 327
undertakes the rescue of
Biziian, iii, 330
plan of, iii, 333
chooses his comrades, iii,
334
goes disguised to Turan, iii,
335
gives presents to Piran, iii,
336
welcomed by Piran, iii, 336
opens a market, iii, 337
interviews of, with Mam'zha,
iii. 337. 342
GENERAL IXJJliX
355
Rustam, soiuls food and his ring
to Jiizhan, iii, 340
removes boulder of Akwan
from pit's mouth, iii, 345
makes conditions foi release
with Bizhan, iii, 345
releases Bizhan, iii, 346
arrays his troops against
Alrdsiy4b, iii, 350
mocks Afrasiyab, iii, 351
defeats Afrasiyab, iii, 352
triumphant return of, iii,
353
presents Bizhan to Kai
Khusiau, iii, 354
rewarded by Kai Khusrau,
iii, 356
goes to Sistan, iii, 356
sent to Hindustan by Kai
Khusrau, iv, 14
successes of, iv, 60, 71
troops of, recalled, iv, 145
commands the right wing,
iv, 147
attacks with Kai Khusrau
from the centre, iv, 180
goes %\dth Zawara to the
right wing, iv, 180
sent to the desert to attack
Ta^\^lIg, iv, 188
reports his defeat of Tawurg,
iv, 193
advances, iv, 194
failure of Afrasiyab's at-
tempt to surprise, iv, 195
takes part in the siege of
Gang-bihisht, iv, 199, 208
seq.
Kai Khusrau 's converse
■with, iv, 198, 199
captures Jahn and Garsiwaz,
iv, 210
advises Kai Khusrau to
reject Afrdsiydb's over-
tures, iv, 222
ordered to prepare for a
night-attack from Afra-
siyab, iv, 224
supports Kai Khusrau 's pro-
posal to pursue Afrasiyab
to Gang-dizh, iv, 231
Rustam, left by Kai Khusrau in
Chin, iv, 241
welcomes Kai Khusrau on
his return from Gang-
dizh, iv, 251
accompanies Kai Khusrau
to Siydwushgird, iv, 252
summoned by the frinians
to remonstrate with Kai
Khusrau, iv, 278
with Zal and the sages, sets
forth for fr4n, iv, 279
met on arrival by Giidarz
and other chiefs, iv, 282
holds converse with the
Iranians, iv, 282
audience of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 283 seq.
holds, with other chiefs, at
the bidding of Kai Khus-
rau an assembly on the
plain, iv, 291 seq.
Kai Khusrau 's gift to, iv,
295
confirmed by Kai Khus-
rau in possession of Nini-
[ ruz, iv, 297
' sets out with Kai Khusrau
on his pilgrimage, iv,
306
turns back at the bidding of
Kai Khusrau, iv, 307
laments the loss of the pala-
dins and returns to fran,
iv, 310
Zeil and, welcome Gushtasp
to Sistin, V, 85
rivalry in legend between
Asfandiycir and, v, 116
Haft Khwan of, compared
with that of Asfandiyar,
V, 117
Asfandiyar's fight with.
Story of, 156, V, 166 seq
recited by Nadr, son of
Harith, at Mecca, v, 166
referred to, v, 169, 170, 30O
Gushtdsp bids Asfandiyai
go against, v, 173
Asfandiydi's message to, v,
179
356
GENERAL INDEX
Rustam, life of, attempted by
Bahman, v, 184
interview of, with Bahman
V. 185
entertains Bahman, v, 186
great appetite of, v, 1S6, 210
jests with Bahman on his
small appetite, v, 1S6
sends Zawara and Faramar'z
to bid Zal and Riidaba
prepare to receive Asfan-
diyar, v, 190
goes to the Hirmund, v,
igi
parleys with Asfandiyar, v,
192, seq.
invites Asfandiyar to visit
him, V, 193
accepts Asfandiyar's invita-
tion to a feast, v, 195
tells Zal, of his interview
with Asfandiyar, v, 196
indignation of, at not being
summoned to the feast,
v, 197
sets forth to reproach Asfan-
diyar, V, 198
wrangle of, with Asfandiyar,
v, 198 seq.
demands his proper seat at
the feast, v, 200
Zal and, vilified by Asfan-
diyar, v, 201
details his ancestry, v, 202
recounts Sam's exploits, v,
202
his own exploits, v, 203,
207
patents of, from Kai Kaus
and Kai Khusrau, v, 203
aged six hundred years, v,
204
tries a handgrip with Asfan-
diyar, v, 209
accepts Asfandiyar's chal-
lenge, V, 209
asks for neat wine, v, 211
makes fresh overtures to
Asfandiyar, v, 211 seq.
addresses the royal tent-
enclosure, v, 215
Rustam, bids Zawara bring him
his arms, v, 218
rejects Zal's counsels, v, 220
arms for battle, v, 222
gives Zawara charge of the
troops, V, 222
goes with Zawara to the
Hirmund, v, 222
instructs Zawara, v, 222
crosses the Hirmund and
summons Asfandiyar to
the combat, v, 223
suggests a general engage-
ment, v, 224
distress of, at the death of
Niish Azar and Mihr-i-
Niish, V, 228
offers to surrender Zawara
and Faramaiz to Asfan-
diyar, v, 228
wounded by Asfandiyar, v,
229
flees from Asfandiyar, v,
229
sends Zawara with a message
to Zal, v, 230
parleys with Asfandiyar, v,
231
recrosses the Hirmund, v,
231
kin of, grieve over his
wounds, V, 234
bids the leeches to attend to
Rakhsh first, v, 234
despair of, v, 235
advised by Zal, v, 235
Zal summons the Simurgh
to the aid of, v, 235
healed by the Simurgh, v,
237
instructed by the Simurgh
how to overcome Asfan-
diyar, V, 237, seq.
cuts the fatal branch of
tamarisk, v, 239
prepares the arrow, v, 240
summons Asfandiyar to re-
new the light, v, 240
makes a final eifort for peace
with Asfandiyar, v, 241
seq.
GENERAL IXDEX
357
Kustam, bewails Asfaiuliydr ti>
Bishutan, v, j-j<i
Asfaiuliyar cduriik-s lialiman
to. V, 2.\fi
foretells an evil future for,
V, 24S
laments Asfandiydr, v, 250
warned by Zawara against
Bahman, v, 250
sends Asfandiyar's corpse to
Gushtasp, V, 251
Bahman remains with, v,
252, 256
instructs Bahman, v, 256
writes to Gushtasp to excuse
himself in the matter of
Asfandiyar, v, 256
overtures of, to Gushtasp
supported by Bishutan,
V, 257
Gushtasp accepts the ex-
cuses of, and writes to, v,
257
requested by Gushtasp to
send back Bahman, v, 258
equips Bahman for his jour-
ney, V, 258
Story of, and Shaghcid, 157,
V, 260 seq.
provenance of, v, 260 seq.
death of, v, 261, 273, 289
versions of, v, 261
Kabul's tribute to, question
of, V, 265
Shaghad and the king of
Kabul plot against, v, 265
takes up Shaghad 's cause, v,
267
prepares to occupy Kabul
with a host, v, 268
persuaded by Shaghad to go
with Zawara and a small
escort, V, 268
pardons king of Kabul, v,
269
entertained by king of
Kabul, v, 269
goes hunting with Zawira,
V, 270
falls a victim to treachery,
V, 270
the
274
be-
Rustam, Shaghdd, glories over,
V, 271
slays Sluiglu'ul, v, 272
last words of, v, 272
corpse of, taken from
pit by Faramarz, v,
obsequies of, v, 274 seq.
Artabanus and, v, 282
burial place of, v, 287
scene of the battle
tween Bahman and Fara-
marz, V, 287
personification of the Sacae,
i, 68; vi, 194
conduct of, in Hamavaran,
viii, 104, 168
banner of, bestowed on
Bahram Chiibina, viii,
105, 217
Rustam, Persian commander in
chief under Yazdagird III,
176: ix, 66, 67, 69, 73, 81
seq.. 90, 95
brother of Farrukhzad, viii,
413 and note
revolt of, viii, 413
overthrows Azarmdukht, ix,
59
advances to Kadisij'a, ix, 67,
73
end of, ix, 69
finds evil aspects in the stars
ix, 73
wiites to his brother, ix, 73
hears of Shu'ba Mughira's
arrival, ix, 82
Riizbih, Bahram Gur's high
priest, 164, vii, 26 seq., 54,
67
bewails Bahram Gur's
course of life, vii, 56
reproached by Bahram Giir
for his parsimony, vii, S3
Ruzbih, scribe, viii, 252
Sa'ad, son of W'akkas, Arab
general, 176, ix, 67, 68,
82 seq., 90
358
GENERAL INDEX
Sa'ad, succeeds Abu 'Ubaida, ix,
67
at Kadisiya, ix, 67, 6g
founds Kiifa, ix, 67
takes Ctesiphon, ix, 67
recalled, ix, 68
sent by 'Umar to invade
fran, ix, 72
letter of Rustam to, ix, 78
taken by Piruz, ix, 80, 81
Sabbakh, king of Yaman, iv, 146
Sabz dar sabz, melody, viii, 399
and note
Sacae (Scythians), i, 17, 19
Rustam a personification of,
i, 68; vi, 194
Sacaestan. See Sistan.
Sacrifice, human, and serpent-
worship, i, 143
Sada, feast of, 140, i, 23 ; iv,
317 ; V, 309 ; vi, 33, 55,
230 and note, 245, 273,
389; vii, II, 94, 200;
viii, 68, 133, 216, 313 ;
ix, 40 92
institution of i, 124
Sada, Iranian noble, vii, 312
Safid Rud, river flowing through
Gilan into the Caspian,
V, 13. 16
Sagastan (Sistan q.v.), v, 13
Sage, sages, 159, vi, loi, 103
Indian, vi, 62
naked (Brahmans q.v.)
of Kaid. See Kaid.
saying of, viii, 155
Sagittarius, constellation, i, 188 ;
iv, 355
Sagsar, Sagsars, district and
tribe, i, 279 and note, 290,
323. 339 ; ii, 143 ; iii- 152,
207
Sahadeva, one of the five Pan-
davas, iv, 138
referred to, iv, 139
Sahl, wife of fraj, i, 188
referied to, i, 182 seq.
Sahl, son of Mahan, Iranian
noble, V, 260, 261, 263
Saifu'd-Daula, title of Sultan
Mahmud, i, 21
Sakil, son of Ca;sar, temp.
Luhrasp, iv, 355
commands the left wing,
iv. 355
Sakila, mountain, i6g, iv, 342 ;
viii, 41
dragon of, 154, iv, 342 seq.
referred to, iv, 343, 351,
358
stronghold of, taken by
Rumans, viii, 47
Saklab (Slavonia), ii, 360 ; iii,
152, 164, 177, 185, 204,
218, 221 seq., 235, 238,
243. 255 ; vi, 179 ; vii,
112, 115, 364 ; viii, 379
Salm, eldest son of Faridiin, 140,
141, i, 42, 90, 91, 183 seq.,
335. 342, 344. 362 ; ii,
19, 237, 318 ; iii, 37, 115,
iv, 66, 69, 269, 272 ; v,
205, 261, 284 ; vi, 353 ;
vii, loi ; viii, 266, 270,
300, 376 note, 378, 381
racial significance of, i, 54
etymology of, Firdausi's, i,
174
naming of, i, 187
horoscope of, i, 188
receives Rum and the West,
i, 189
envies fraj, i, 190
plots with Tur, i, 190
Tiir and, demand the abdi-
cation of Iraj, i, 191
Iraj visits, i, 198
Iraj not welcomed by,
i, 198 seq,
slay Iraj, i, 201
send fraj's head to Fari-
diin, i, 202
hear of Minuchihi, i, 208
send an embassy to Farl-
dun, i, 208
receive Faridiin's reply, i,
213 seq.
prepare for war, i, 215
worsted by Minuchihr, i,
220
plan night-surprise, i, 220
worsted, i, 221
GENERAL INDEX
359
Salm, hears of Tiir's defeat and
death, i, zz^
retreats on the castle of the
A14ns, i, 2Zi
prevented by Miniichihr, i,
flees from Miniichihr, i, 227
slain by Miniichihr, i, 228
troops of, ask quarter of
Miniichihr, i, zzS
head of, sent to Faridiin, i
229
Scimitar of, iv, 335 seq.
Salt, Rustam's caravan of, i,
330 seq.
desert, i, 3
fish, legend of the, vi, 76 seq.
Sdm, son of Nariman, Iranian
hero, father of Zal and
grandfather of Rustara,
^41. 142. i, 42, 207, 212,
231, 235, 238 seq., 337,
344, 375 : ii. 4. 16, 17, 33,
34, 49, 125, 126, 137, 140,
173, 182, 183 ; iii, 35, 121,
202, 215, 260, 279, 283 ;
iv, 222, 251, 290, 301,
319 ; v, 14, 15, 58, 62, 63,
196, 198 seq., 242, 262
seq., 266, 267, 274, 285,
286, 289, 290 ; vii, 74 ;
viii, 223
pronunciation of, i, 95 note
etymology of, i, 171 seq.
Miniichihr confided to, by
Faridiin, i, 231
mace of, i, 235, 290, 297, 328
given by Zal to Rustam,
i. 378
speech of, to Miniichihr, i,
238
casts away his son Zal at
birth, i, 241
hears rumours of Zil, i, 243
dreams of, concerning Zal,
i, 243, 244
consults the archmages and
bidden to seek his son,
i, 243
finds his son on Mount
Alburz, i, 244 seq.
Sim, son of, restored to hira by
the Siinurj^li, i, 247
returns home witli Zal, i, 248
congratulated by Minii-
chihr, i, 248
goes with Zal to court, i, 249
tells of his quest to Minii-
chihr, i, 250
Miniichihr's gifts to, i, 251
public rejoicings at his
home-coming, i, 252
goes to the wars and leaves
Zk\ to rule in Zabulistan,
i. 253
Mihrab tributary to, i, 256
Zal writes to, about Riidaba,
i. 275
receives Zal's letter, i, 277
consults the astrologers, i,
278
Rustam's birth foretold to,
i, 278
replies to Zal's letter, i, 279
returns from the war, i, 280
summoned to court, i, 289
welcomed by Miniichihr, i,
289
tells of his campaign, i, 290
slays Karkwi, i, 291
bidden to destroy Mihrab
and all his belongings, i,
292
welcomes and promises to
help Zdl, i, 293
writes to Miniichihr and
pleads past services, i, 295
tells of the slaying of the
dragon of the Kashaf, i,
296
" One blow," i, 297, 299
receives Sindukht in aud-
ience i, 302
invited by Sindukht to
visit Kabul, i, 305
dismisses Sindukht with
gifts, i, 305
hears of Zal's success with
Miniichihr and informs
Mihrab, i, 314
goes with Zal to Iviibul, i,
317
36o
GENERAL INDEX
Sam, sees Riidaba and felicitates
Zal, i, 318
returns to Sistan, i, 319
entertains Mihrab and Sin-
dukht, i, 319
leaves Zal the regent of Sis-
tan and goes on a cam-
paign, i, 319
hears of the birth of Rustam,
i, 323
wxites to congratulate Zal,
i. 323
comes to see Rustam, i, 324
bids Zal and Rustam fare-
well, i, 327
hears of Rustam's success
at Mount Sipand and
writes to Zal, i, 334
Naudar's appeal to, i, 339
goes to court, i, 340
met and offered the crown
by the Iranian chiefs, i,
340
refuses the crown, i, 340
reconciles the chiefs and
Naudar, i, 341
counsels Naudar, i, 341
rewarded by Naudar, i, 341
departs, i, 341
death of, referred to, i, 345,
346, 349
obsequies of, 358
mace of, given by Zal to
Rustam, i, 378
exploits of, recounted by
Rustam, v, 202
Sam, Iranian warrior, temp.
Yazdagird son of Shapur,
vi. 395
Sama Keresaspa Narimanau,
Iranian hero, i, 171 seq.
Samangan, city south-east of
Balkh (?), 144 ii, 121 seq.,
130
king of, 144, ii, 118, 140, 184
entei tains Rustam, ii, 122
father of Zhanda Razm,
ii, 150
Samanid, Samanids, i, 14, 20,
21, 67; vii, 5, 383
end of dynasty of, i, 21
Samarkand (Sogdiana, Sughd),
city and distiict in Turk-
istan, ii, 241 ; vii, 167,
358, 359 ; viii, 377 ; ix,
96, 115
early seat of Aryan civili-
zation (?), i, 7
settlement of the Huns at,
i. 19
Sambaz, Iranian chief, speech of,
viii, 242
Samiran, king, vi, 405 and note
Samkuran, Iranian hero, iv, 149
Sandar, Sandarus, the Arar tree,
\i, 19
Sandal, Sandali, city in Hind,
vii, 395. 396, 401 seq.
king of, entertained by
Bahram Giii, vii, 140 seq.
Sanja, a div, ii, 39, 40, 44, 55 ;
iv, 296 ; V, 204
Sanscrit, vii, 382
Sapad, mountain. See Spento-
data.
Sapandarmad. See Sipandar-
mad.
Sapimid, daughter of Shangul, vi,
3 ; vii, 144
married to Bahram Giir,
vii, 128
finds out who her husband is,
vii, 131
plans Bahram Gur's flight
from Hind, vii, 132
reproached by Shangul, vii,
135
converted to Zoroastrian-
ism, vii, 139
visited by Shangul, vii, 142
Sapor I (Shapur son of Ardshir
q.v.), Sasanian king, vi,
294, 321
Sapor II (Shapur son of Uimuzd
q.v.), Sasanian king, i,
374 ; V, 13 ; vi, 294, 321 ;
viii, 41
Sapor III (Shapur son of Sha-
pur q.v.), vi, 365
Sarakhs, city in Khurasan, be-
tween Nishapur and Marv,
ii, 108
GENERAL INDEX
361
Saraparda, i, 84
Sunoslftnnia viuiiiialc. See
} Ionia.
Sargon I. of Agani, v, 293
foumlling legend of, v,
393
Saif, city in MAzandaran, i, 230,
289, 366; V, 174; vii,
237 ; viii, 168, 341, 355,
392 ; ix, 86
Iranian captives imprisoned
at, i, 363
released, i, 367
Sar-i-pul-i-Zohab, vii, 187
Sarkab, Ruman general, viii, 281,
292
Sarkash (Sergius), minstrel, 174,
viii, 193, 398 seq. 406
Story of, 174, viii, 396
disgrace of, viii, 399
Sarkhin. See Sufarai.
Sari'ich, desert in Kirman, ii, 226
vii, 362
Sariig, Jacob of, Syriac poet.
See Jacob.
Sarv, king of Yaman, 140, i, 211,
286 ; v, 260 ; vi, 73
daughters of, asked in mar-
riage by Faiidiin for his
sons, i, 178
consults his chiefs, i, 179
agrees, conditionally, to
Faridun's request, i, 181
attempts to outwt Fari-
dun's sons, i, 183 seq.
gives his daughters in mar-
riage to Faridun's sons, 1,
185
Sarv=Azad Sarv, q.v.
S4sdn, cponym of Sasanian dyn-
asty, viii, 219, 220, 330,
341
S^dn, son of Bahman, ii 3 ; v,
290
disinherited and flees from
court, V, 291
account of, v, 291
SisAn, name of Dara's son and
several of his descendants,
ii 3 ; vi, 200, 211, 224,
255 ; ix, 105 and nole
SAsAn, descendants of, help Ard-
shfr Papukan, vi, 224
House of, vi, 251, 270 and
note
lineage of, ix, 56, 105 and
note
Sdsdn, father of Ardshir Papa-
kin, 160, vi, 3, 193, 198,
200, 201, 240
legend of, vi, 211 seq.
marries daughter of Papak,
vi, 213
Sdsanian, SAsanians, i, 11, 374 ;
iii, 9 ; V, 13, 281 ; vi, 81,
209, 225, 253, 257 ; vii,
85, 185, 212, 237 ; viii, 65,
72, 73, 214, 262, 330, 413
note ; ix, 4, 5, 46, 47, 50,
54, 65, 72, 73, 76, 77, 83,
105
dynasty, i, 49, 374 ; ii, 10 ;
v, 10, 282 ; vi, 249 seq.,
253. 257, 321 ; vii, I seq..
381 ; viii, 73 ; ix, 4
Tabari on the rise of the,
vi, 198
characterised, vi, 249
Zoroastrianism under, vi,
251
Mas'iidi on Church and
State under, vi, 251
duration of, vi, 257
empire, i, 11 ; vi, 193, 327 ;
viii, 193
conquered by the Arabs,
ix, 65 seq.
genealogical table of, vi, 3,
253
Tabari's history of, vi, 14
note
fictitious genealogies of, v,
290; vi, 199, 211, 256
view of Sikandar, vi, 15, 224
and note, 240 and note
rivalry with Arsacids, viii,
73
usage, viii, 190
architecture, viii, 193
race viii, 285, 3S6, note
Satire, Firdausi's, on SuItAn
Mahmud, i, 40 seq.
■',62
GENERAL INDEX
Satrapy, satrapies, Niishirwdn's
four ix, 69
Saturn, planet, i, 72, 100, 161,
204, 245, 295, 311 ; ii,
183, 208, 215, 247, 263.
310, 319, 394. 407 ; iii.
32, no, 178, 232, 237, 254,
268, 318 ; iv, 31, 214 ;
V, 68, 89, 136, 154, 159,
220,233 ; vi, 97, 115, 176,
281, 318, 385 ; vii, 92.
151, 252, 267, 346, 418 ;
viii, 24, 66, 321, 392, 305 ;
ix. 73
sphere of, ix, 92
Sav (the Sdvbar of tho Pahlavi
texts, now Chashmah-i-
Sabz), a lake among the
hills in the neighbourhood
of Tus and Mashad, i6j,
vi, 373. 392
legend of, vi, 372, 391 seq.
Savalan, mountain in Azarbaijcin
V, 14
Sawa, Turanian hero, 149, iii, 224
slain by Rustam, iii, 224
SAwa, Iranian hero, v, 154
left in charge of the Brazen
Hold by Asfandiyar, i,
154
Sawa, luler of the Turks, lyo ;
viii, 74, 94 seq., 100 seq.,
1,07, 108, 110 seq., 123, 129
132. 133. 135. 137. 139.
164, 169, 174, 216, 219,
222, 224, 240
= Chao-wou, viii, 72
attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 92
letter of, to Hurmuzd, viii,
93
prophecy about, viii, 98
Hurmuzd sends Kharrad,
son of Barzin, to, viii, no
hears of Bahram Chiibina's
army and blames Kharrad
viii, no
offers of, to Bahram Chu-
bina, viii, 113 seq., 117 seq.
employs sorcery against the
Iranians, viii, 123
defeated and slain, viii, 126
Sawa, head of, set on lance, viii,
130
wealth of, sent to Hurmuzd,
viii, 133
Sawurg, Indian king, 139, vi, 64,
n8
Sayce, Professor, on the Ama-
zons, vi, 71
Scandinavians, vi, 73
found the Russian empire,
vi, 19
Scimitar of Salm, iv, 335 seq.
Scotland, vi, 79
vitrified forts in, vi, 79
Scribe, scribes, office of, highly
esteemed, i, 27 and note ;
vii, 311 ; viii, 50
put to death by Hur-
muzd, viii; 71, 81 seq.
Scriptures, Zoroastrian. See
Zandavasta.
Scylla, Nisus and, story of, vi,
323 note
Scythia, iv, 316
Scythians (Sacae), their relations
with the Iranians, i, 17
wars of, with Darius Hys-
tapsis, V, n
Seasons, confusion of the, ix, 77
note
Sects, Muhammadan, i, 99
parable of, i, 107
Seleucia (Bih Ardshir q.v.), city
on the right bank of the
Tigris, opposite to Ctesi-
phon (Taisafiin), ii, 80 ;
vi, 254, 291 note, 322 ; viii,
189, 194, 196
Semiramis, legendary queen of
Assyria, historically Sam-
muramat, wife (?) of
Samsi Adad king of Assy-
ria (B.C. 824-804), ii, 10 ;
vi, 66, 405 note
legend of, v, 292, 293
Humai and, v, 292, 293
Semites, the, i, 9
relations of, with the Iran-
ians, i, 9 seq., ix, 65
Seneca the younger, Nero's tutor
(B.C. 3— A.D. 65), vii, 279
GENERAL INDEX
3^'3
Seoses (Sufarai ?), Persian com-
mander-in-chief, temp.
Kiibail, vii, 187
Sergiopolis, \iii, iSS
Sergius, Saint and Martyr, viii,
1 88
patron saint of Khusrau
Parwi'z, viii, 18S, 195
Roman leader in Tabari,
viii, 188
Sergius (Sarkash), minstrel, viii,
193
Serpent, serpents, on Zahhik's
shoulders, i, 139
worship and human sacri-
fice, i, 143
Seven, favourite number in Per-
sian story, vii, 186, 280,
Banquets of Nushirwan. See
Banquet.
Climes. See Climes.
Courses (Haft Khwan) of
Rustam. See Rustam.
Planets. See Planet.
Persian nobles, legend of the
vi, 207
transferred to Ardshir
Papakan (?), vi, 207
Stages (Haft Khwan) of As-
fandiyar. See Asfandi-
yar.
Warriors, Fight of the, 143,
ii, 25, 82, 107 seq.
Founts, jewel, viii, 392
and forty Shahs, viii, 395
and note
Severus, Roman Emperor (A.D.
146-211), vi, 322
Hatra besieged by, vi, 322
Shabahang, Farhdd's steed, iii,
313 ; iv, 8
Bizhan's steed, iv, 47
Shabdiz, Bahram Gur's steed,
vii, 37, 80
Giv's steed, iii, 257
Luhrasp's steed, iv, 323
taken by Gushtasp, iv,
3^3
Mihrab's steed, i, 326
Khusrau Parwiz' steed, viii,
407 ; ix, 30
Shabrang, Bahram Gur's steed,
vii, 37, 80
P>i'zhan's steed, iii, 296, 302,
313 ; iv, 8, 39. 50. 119,
124
ShidAn son of Barzi'n, one of
Firdausi's authorities, i,
67, 69 ; vii, 382, 423
Shaddad, son of 'Ad, legend of,
i, 100
Shcidward, treasure, viii, 406 and
note
Shaghad, son of Z41, 137, v,
261
Story of Rustam and, 157, v,
260 seq.
provenance of, v, 260
birth of, V, 263
astrologers' evil prognostic
of, V, 264
sent to be brought up at
Kabul, V, 264
marries the daughter of the
king of K4bul, v, 264
king of Kabul and, plot
against Rustam, v, 265
seq.
pretended quart el of, with
the king of Kabul, v, 266
goes to Zabul, v, 267
cause of, taken up by
Rustam, v, 267
persuades Rustam to go
with Zawdra and a small
escort to Kabul, v, 268
warns the king of Kabul of
Rustam's coming, v, 269
glories over Rustam, v, 271
outwitted and slain by
Rustam, v, 272
corpse of, burnt, v, 277
Shah, accession of, ceremony at,
vi, 409
Shdhi, city in H4mdvaran, ii, 89
Shahcibad, the modern name for
the ruins of Gund-i-Sh4-
pur in Khuzistan, vi, 295
Shahd, river, ii, 108; iii, 11,
116, 118, 123, 152, 173,
230, 241 ; vi, 391, 392
Shahd, mountain, iii, 237
3^>4
GENERAL INDEX
Shahnama (Bastan-nama, Khii-
dai-nama), isg, i, 66 ; ix,
4 scq., 43, 50, 6i, 70
subject-matter of, how pre-
served, i, 56
oiigin of, i, 65 seq.
put into wilting, i, 66
Prose, compilers of, referred
to, vlii, 71, 73
probably compiled by Magi,
i, 69
referied to, by Firdausi, i,
108, 109 ; iv, 141 seq. ;
vi, ig6
more than one, i, 29, 66, 67,
69
Dakiki and. See Dakihi.
Shahnama, Firdausi's, 139, iy6,
3, 23 seq. ; iii, 7, 9, 11,
14, 271, 286 ; iv, 7, 8,
1^6 seq., 316, V.9- seq., 19,
20, 22 seq., 27 seq., 293,
294 ; vi, 3 and note, 30,
31, 66 seq., 72, 79, 82 seq.,
194 seq., 205 seq., 249 seq.,
253, 256, 270 note, 294,
301. 307. 310. 325. 326;
vii, 5, 156, 184, 185, 215,
217. 317. 381 ; viii, 3, 41,
42, 71, 72, T^seq., xS-j seq.
191, 192
scene of, i, 3
theme of, i, 8, 47
Baisinghar Khan's edition
of, i, 23
completion of, Firdausi on,
176 ; ix, 121
date of completion of, i, 24 ;
ix, 122
length, metre, and language
of, i, 47; iv, 8 ; ix, 122
anomalies of, i, 48
explained, i, 48
divisions and chief charac-
ters of, i, 49
machinery of, i, 51
leading motives of, i, 53
cosmogony of, i, 71 ; iv, 136
imagery of, i, 72
editions of, i, 76
translations of, i, 77, 87
Shahnama, principles of the
present translation of, i,
77 seq.
certain terms used in, ex-
plained, i, 80 seq.
Firdausi on the compilation
of, i, 108
historic element in mythical
period of, iii, 8 seq.
Greek subject-matter in, vi,
II
derivation of Sikandar given
in, vi, 19
historic period of, i, 49; vi, 29
Tian and, analogy between,
vi, 193
portion of, corresponding to
Karnamak, vi, 196
Karnamak and, compared,
vi, 200 seq., 255 seq.
Wisdom-literature in, vii,
278 seq.
Shahnama, of Abii- 'All Muham-
j mad, i, 69
' Shahra, chief, 165, vii, 92
made king of Tiiran by
Bahram Gur, vii, 92
Shahram-Piruz. See Badan
Piriiz.
Shahran, ix, 102
pleads with Mahwi for Yaz-
dagird, ix, 102
Shahran Guraz, Iranian warrior,
speech of, viii, 239
Shahranguiaz (Hurmuzd Shah-
ranguraz, Guraz q.v.),
175: ix, 50
heads conspiracy against
Guraz ; ix, 54
Shahr-Bami-Iram, sister of Gfv
and wife of Rustam, ii, 4,
384
Shahrbaraz (Guraz q.v.), Iranian
general, viii, 194 ; ix, 43,
50
revolt of, viii, 195
sons of, viii, 196
rebellion of, ix, 43, 44
alliance of, with Heraclius,
ix, 44
i Shahr-Baiz. See Shahibardz.
GENERAL INDEX
3^'5
Sluilirgir, warrior in Sikandar's
host, vi, 125, 126
takes Kaidi'ifa's son and
daiiglitcr-in-law piisoncrs,
vi, 125
Shahrgir, captain of the host to
Anlshir Papakan, vi, 241
Ardshir's instructions to, vi,
241
goes to Ardshir's help, \i,
244 and Hole
Shahrguraz (Shahrbardz q.v.), ix,
50
Shahrinaz, sister of Jamshid,
wife of Zahhak and Fari-
dun, and mother of Salm
and Tur, i, 90, 142, 164
seq., 177
married to Zahhak, i, 146
sons of, by Faiidiln, i, 177
Shahn'r, Shahrivar, ameshas-
penta, i, 88 ; iii, 286, 328
month and day, i, 88 ; v,
310 ; vii, 76
Shahrwaraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.),
ix, 50
Shahrwi, archimage, vi, 329
minister during Shapur son
of Urmuzd's minority, vi,
329
Shahryar, son of Shiiin and
Khusrau Parwiz, ix, 39
father of Yazdagird, ix,
64
Sh4hwi, eldest son of Haftwad,
vi. 237
referred to, vi, 206
helps his father against
Aidshir Papakan, vi, 236
executed, vi, 245
Shahwi (=iMdhwi ?), one of Fir-
dausf's authoiities, vii,
382, 394
Shakespeaie, quoted, iii, 286 ;
V, 156 nole ; vii, 383 ; viii
1 87
Shakn, region, iii, 152, 177, 185,
192, 204, 222, 223, 228,
237
Sh4m (Syria), ii, 80, 84 ; vi, 357 ;
viii, 170
Sham, king of, taken prisoner by
Rustam, ii, 97
ShamAsas, Tiirdnian hero, i.f2 ;
i, 346 ; ii, 12, 18
Khazarw4n and, invade Ki.-
"bulistan, i, 345, 35S
parleyed with by Alihrab to
gain time, i, 358
flees from Zk], i, 361
met and defeated by Karan,
i. 3'Ji
Shambalid, daughter of Barzin,
vii, 53
married to Bahram Gur, vii,
53
Shamiran, Turanian hero, iii, 185
comes to aid Piran, iii, 152
Shamiran, stronghold north of
Harat (?), ix, 91, 94
Shammakh, king of Siir, iv, 57,
146
Shammas, legendary founder of
Fire-worship, vi, 339 note
Shammas, Ntishzad's general,
vii, 219, 272
Shamta, viii, 195, 196
Shangul, king of Hind, temp.
Kai Khusrau, /^p, iii, 161,
172, 185, 198, 205, 210,
217. 251
comes to aid Pircin, iii, 152
volunteers to light Rustam,
iii, 209, 216
challenges Rustam, iii, 221
worsted, iii, 221
temp. Cahram Gtir, 165, vi,
325 ; vii, 109 seq.
border-raids of, vii, no
gives audience to the Iran-
ian envoy (Bahram Giir),
vii, 112
state of, described, vii,
1 12
brother of, vii, 113
vaunts his own greatness,
vii, 114
wife of, the daughter of the
Faghfur, vii, 115
son of, vii, 1 15
entertains Bahram Gur, vii,
116
366
GENERAL INDEX
Shangul, Bahram Gur wrestles
before, vii, 117
plays at polo, vii, 118
Bahram Giir displays his
markmanship before, vii,
118
tiies to find out who the
Persian envoy (Bahram
Gur) is, vii, 118 seq.
takes counsel with his sages,
vii, 126
offers a daughter and great
advancement to Bahram
Gur, vii, 127
marries Sapinud to Bahrdm
Gur, vii, 128 scq.
goes to a festival, vii,
134
hears of Bahram Giir's flight
vii, 135
reproaches Sapinud, vii, 135
makes a league with Bahram
Gur, 137
bids farewell to Sapinud, vii,
137
makes a new treaty with
Bahram Giir, vii, 140
entertained with seven other
kings by Bahram Giir, vii,
140 seq.
visits his daughter Sapinud,
vii, 142
farewells Sapinud, vii, 143
makes Bahram Giir his heir,
vii, 143
Bahram Giir's parting gifts
to, vii, 144
sends Gipsies to fran, vii,
149
Shapigan, treasury of, i, 61, 62
Shapiir, Pishdadian hero, i, 210,
211, 215
slain, i, 352
Shipiir, Kaianian hero, ' ii, 271,
338, 340 ; iii, 19, 289, 322,
331 ; iv, 292
hails Gushtasp as Shah, iv,
362
Sh&piir, Ashk4nian (Parthian)
king, vi, 197, 210
' May be identical wiili
Shapiir, son of Papak, vi, 199
Shapiir, son of Ardshir Papakan,
Shah (Sapor I), 161 , i, 42 ;
vi, 3, 256, 303, 307, 313,
315, 321 seq., viii, 265
compilation of Zandavasta
under, i, 62, 63
stories of, in Karnamak, vi,
196, 255
Tab'ari, vi, 255, 257
crowned in his father's life-
time, vi, 257
secret birth of, vi, 261
origin of name, vi, 262
note
recognised and acknow-
ledged by Ardshir Papa-
kan, vi, 264
discovers the daughter of
Mihrak, vi, 268 seq.
summoned and counselled
by Ardshir Papakan, vi,
285 sea.
J.
confused with Shapiir son
of Urmuzd, vi, 294, 321,
324. 327
Reign of, 161, vi, 294 seq.
Note on, vi, 294
historical inaccuracies of,
vi, 294
wars of, with Rome, vi, 294,
297
Odenathus and, vi, 294
defeats the Rumans, vi,
297
leccives tribute from Caisar,
vi, 298
builds cities, vi, 298
bids Bazaniish build a bridge
at Shiishtar, vi, 298
summons and counsels Ur-
muzd, vi, 299
Shapiir, son of Urmuzd, Shah
(Sapor II), 162, 163, i,
374 ; V, 16 note ; vi, 3,
294. 295, 307, 371, 373,
405 (?) ; vii, 359 ; viii,
41
provides for uniformity of
Zoroastiian doctrine, i, 62
ihe above in legend.
GENERAL IXDEX
3^>7
Shapur, s<jn of Urmuzd, Zoroas-
trian canon closed under,
i. 03
referred to, vi, 318
Reign of, 162. vi, 321 seq.
Note on, \i, 321 seq.
bridge of, at Taisafun, vi,
321. 3^9
icsidences of, vi, 321, 330
confused with Shapur, son
of Ardshir, vi, 294, 321,
3^4. 327
triumphant treaty of, with
the Riimans, vi, 326, 355
cities of, \i, 327, 357
birth of, vi, 328
crowned as an infant, vi, 328
education of, vi, 329
Mdlika offeis to betray her
father's hold to, vi, 331
opens the gate to, \i, 333
sends Malika to his camp, vi,
333
treatment of Arab captives
by, vi, 323, 334
receives the title of Zii'l
Aktdf q.v., vi, 335
returns to Pars and receives
tiibute, vi, 335
consults the astrologers, vi,
33.5
visits Caesar in disguise, vi,
336
entertained by Ca?sar, vi,
337
denounced by a Persian resi-
dent at Caesar's court, vi,
337
arrested, vi, 337
sewed up in an ass's skin and
imprisoned, vi, 338
pitied by an Iranian slave-
girl, vi, 339
freed from ass's skin by
slave-girl, vi, 340
entertained by a gardener,
vi, 341 seq.
sends the gardener to the
high priest, vi, 344
described by the gardener,
vi, 344
ShApiir, praises the slave-girl, vi-
34<3
prejiarcs to attack Caesar,
vi, 346
sends spies to Taisafun, vi,
346
sends tidings of his victory
over Caesar to the prov-
inces, vi, 348
treatment of Caesai by, vi,
340
invades Riim, vi, 350
defeats Ydnus, vi, 352
bids Bazanush come to him,
vi, 354
dictates terms of peace, vi,
355
returns to Istakhr, vi, 356
takes Nasibin, vi, 356
names and honours the
slave-girl, vi, 356
rewards the gardener, vi, 357
keeps Caesar captive, vi, 357
sends Caesar's corpse to
Rum, vi, 357
arranges a disputation be-
tween Mam' and the high
piiest, vi, 35S
Mani executed by, vi, 359
ananges foi the succession
with his brother Ardshir,
vi, 360 seq.
dies, \i, 362
ShApur, son of Shipiir, Shih
(Sapor III), 163, vi, 3,
251, 360, 371 ; vii, 171,
186
Ardshir, son of Urmuzd,
resigns the throne to, vi,
364
Reign of, 163, vi, 365 seq.
Note on, \i, 365
death of, vi, 366
Tabari on, vi, 365
Shapur, son of Yazdagird, king
of Armenia, vi, 373
Shdpur of Rai, Kubad's com-
mander-in-chief, vii, 184,
185 ; viii, 72
summoned to overthrow
Siifarai, vii, 191
368
GENERAL INDEX
Shapur of Rai, conference of, ,
with Kubad, vii, 192
goes to Shiraz and arrests
Sufarai, vii, 193
conveys Sufarai to Sh4h
Kubad, vii, 194
Shapur, Iranian noble, temp.
Nushinvan, vii, 304, 333
Shapur, Iranian wairior, J72,
viii, 202, 225, 257, 259,
269, 293, 296
deceived by Caesar's talis-
man, viii, 273
praised by Caesar, viii,
279
Bahram Chiibina writes to,
viii, 285
receives Istakhr and Darab-
gird, viii, 313
Shapiir, father of Piruz, ix,
80
Shapur Gird (Gund-i-Shapur (/.y.)
city, vi, 295, 298
Shatt-al-Arab, the combined
streams of the Tigiis and
Euphrates, ix, 67
Shawaran, Iranian hero, 151, ii,
73, 90, III, 228, 249, 250,
255. 271, 318 ; iii, 20, 34,
43, 45. 48. 67, 115, 334,
iv, 97. 105. 147. 275
Shawwal, the tenth Muham-
madan month, vi, 208
Sheep's heads, Bahram Chiibina
and the, viii, 74, 107
omen of, reported to Hur-
muzd, viii, 108
Shem, patriarch, vi, 65
Shepherds, Kai Khusrau brought
up by, ii, 328 seq.
Sher-kappi, viii, 322 note
Shi'ban, vi, 397
Shida (Pashang), son of Afra-
siyab, 152, i, 92 ; iii, 262,
350 ; iv, 10 seq., 15, 135,
156, 158 seq., 206, 222,
2S7, 290
consulted by his father, iii,
250 seq.
goes on embassy to Piilad-
wand, iii, 255
Shida, refuses to interfere in the
fight between Rustam and
Piiladwand, iii, 363
sent by Afrasiyab to Khk-
razm, iv, 11
defeated by Ashkash, iv,
60, 72
commands the left wing, iv,
155
surname of, meaning of, iv,
155 note
urges Afrasiyab to attack
Kai Khusiau, iv, 159
Afrasiyab's leply to, iv,
160
wishes to meet Kai Ivhus-
rau in single combat, iv,
161
goes on an embassage to
Kai Khusrau, iv, 161
skirmish of, with Iranian
outposts, iv, 164
welcomed by Kai an, iv,
165
mail and steed of, iv, i68
receives Kai Khusrau 's reply,
iv, 170
returns to Afrasiyab, iv, 170
goes to fight Kai Khusrau,
iv, 171
parley of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 172
challenges Kai Khusrau to
a wrestling-bout, iv, 173
urged by his interpreter to
flee from Kai Khusrau, iv,
174
refuses, iv, 174
wrestles and is overthrown,
iv, 175
Kai Khusrau instructs Ruh-
ham to bury, iv, 176
Sliidasp, minister to Tahmiiras,
i, 127
Shidasp, son of Gushtasp, 155,
ii, 3 ; V, 26, 58
death of, foretold by Jam4sp
V, 50
given command of one wing,
V, 55
slain, V, 58
GENERAL INDEX
S'iO
Shidiish, franian hero, i, 211 ; ii,
58, 85, 158, 340 ; iii, 33,
45, 48, 127, 129, 130, 139,
141, 157, 248, 253 ; iv,
13, 15, 25, 191
with K4ran and Kishwdd,
pursues Kurakhan, i, 354
put in command of the
rear, iv, 92
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and other nobles,
for refusing audience, iv,
-275
Shi'ite, Shi'itcs, Muhammadan
sect, i, 13
origin of, i, 13
Firdausi a, i, 24
Shikbdn, TrAnian warrior, vi,
395
Shiknan, place, vii, 359
Shingan, region, iii, 228, 238 ;
iv, 65
Shiraz, citj' in Pars (Farsistan),
166, i, 236 ; vi, 198 note,
210 ; vii, 6, 173, 190, 193,
194
Sliiriu, wife of Khusrau Parwiz,
174, 175. viii, 187, 194,
363. 383. 407 ; ix, 28, 36
enmity of, to Shirwi, viii,
189, 191, 193
account of, viii, 192
Khusrau and, Persian poem,
viii, 192
meaning of, viii, 193
Maryam murdered by, \'iii,
193. 389
a Christian, viii, 195
warns Khusrau Parwiz
against Gurdya, viii, 364
Khusrau Par\viz and, ix, 7
Story of, i'74, viii, 382
married to, viii, 386
gilded chamber given to,
viii, 389
hears Kubid proclaimed
Sh4h, viii, 416
informs Khusrau Parwfz,
viii, 416
has charge of Slu'rwi's horo-
scope, ix, 16
VOL. IX.
Shiri'n, has charge of Rdja's letter
ix, 17
companions Khusrau Par-
wiz in prison, ix, 29
reproached and summoned
by Shirwi, ix, 36
makes her Will, ix, 36
goes to Court, ix, 37
justifies hciself, ix, 38, 40
exonerated, ix, 38, 41
sons of, ix, 39
unveils to the Court, ix, 39
Shir\vi enamoured of, ix, 39
makes request of Shirwi, ix,
40,41
goes home, ix, 40
distributes her wealth, ix, 40
frees her slaves, ix, 41
poisons herself, ix, 42
Shirkhan (Shirvan, district and
town west of the Caspian
between the Kur river and
Darband ?), i, 169
Shirkhun, a Zabuli, v, 184
guides I3ahman to Rustam,
V, 184
Shiiu, son of Gushtasp, 155, v, 26
slain, V, 57
Shiriiya, son of Bi'zhan, iv, 360
goes with Zarir to Riim, iv,
360
Shirwan (Shirvan ?) iii 216.
See Shirkhan.
Shirwi, franian hero, i, 207, 215
helps to take the Castle of
the Alans, i, 223 seq.
conveys the spoil to Faridun,
i. 230, 232
Slu'rwi, Nushirwan's commander-
in-chief, vii, 251
appointed to receive the
Ruman tribute, vii, 262
Shfnvi (KubM q.v.). Shdh, 174,
175, viii, 188, 190,
seq. : ix, 7, 8, II, 27, 2
31 seq., 36, 45, 47, 64
Shirfn's enmity to, \'iii, i
191. 193
internment of, viii, i(],^^96,
391
released, viii, 196, 4^5
A.\
370
GENERAL INDEX
Sh'rwi (Kubad), secret and public
names of, viii, 372, 416
astrologers consulted at
birth of, viii, 372
ill-omened horoscope of, viii,
372 ; ix, 16
referred to, viii, 373, 390
kept by Shirin, ix, 16
Khusrau Parwiz gives
Cajsar's gifts to, viii, 381
boorishness of, viii, 390
Khusrau Parvviz' displeasure
with, viii, 390
sends to take Khusrau Par-
wiz, viii, 419
Reign of, lys, ix, 3
Note on, ix, 3
Length of, ix, 42
tieatment of Khusrau Par-
wiz by, ix, 7
writes to Heiaclius, ix, 7
Ashtad and Kharrad report
their interview with Khus-
rau Parwiz to, ix, 27
reproaches and summons
Shirin, ix, 36, 37
falls in love with Shirin, ix,
39
grants Shirin 's requests, ix,
40, 42
poisoned, ix, 42
son of, ix, 42
Shirzad, herald in Niishirwan's
host, vii, 252
Shirzil, franian warrior, viii,
296
Shiz (Takht-i-Sulaiman), seat of
the Magi in Azarbaijan, i,
60 ; viii, 190
Fire-temple at, vii, 5
Khatiin sent to, vii, 5
Shoemaker, Bahram Gur and
the, 164, vii, 24
Nushirwan and the, i6g,
vii, 218, 260
offer of, to advance money
to Nushirwan, viii, 48
rejected, viii, 50, 71
ci'u'ba Mughira, companion of
"'whhe Prophet, ix, O9, 83
p^^ assy of, ix, 69. 82
Shu'ib, Arab chief, 158, vi, 21
attacks Darab, vi, 21
defeated and slain, vi, 22
Shiilak, Gushtasp's steed
(Dakiki), v, 73
Asfandiyar's steed (Fir-
dausi), V, 126
Shiirab (Sura), city on the
Euphrates, east of
Antioch, vii, 217
place of Gushtasp's exile,
vii, 254
taken by Nushirwan, vii,
217. 254
Shiirsan, vi, 379
Shiis (Siis, Susa), city on the
Karkhah river north west
of Shiishtar in Khuzistan,
vi, 327
Shiishtar, ^"hustar, city on the
Dujayl (Kariin) river in
Khuzistan, vi, 199, 295
and note, 299 ; viii, 381
dam and bridge at, vi, 298,
326
Sicily, vi, 30
Alexander the Great's legen-
dary visit to, vi, 30
Siege-operations, iii, 246 ; iv, 208
51?^. ; vii, 254, 257
Signs, the Twelve (Zodiac), vii,
408
Sigz, man of (Rustam), ii, 100
and note ; iii, 183, 209,
218, 221
Sigzian, a native of Sigz, v, 226
and note 228
= Rustam, iii, 209, 225, 227 ;
v, 241
= Zawara, v, 226, 2 28
= Faramarz, v, 228
Sikandar (Iskandar, Alexander
the Great, q.v.). Shah, 158-
160, i, 42, 49 ; ii, 3, Sseq.;
V, 30 ; vi, II, 13, 16, 18,
29. 30, 33. 193. 210, 240
and note, 325, 353 ; viii,
52, 214, 217, 242, 262.
381, 387. 392 ; ix, 26
paternity of, i, 55 and
note
[
GENERAL INDEX
371
Sikandar, clorivation of, in Ta-
bari, vi, ly
dciivation of, in Shdhnima,
vi, 19, 26
birth of, vi, 18, 26
adopted as his heir by Faila-
kus, vi, 27
counselled by Arastih's, vi,
35
refuses tribute to Ddrd, vi,
36
prepares for war with Dard,
vi. 37
invades, and defeats king of,
Misr, vi, 30, 37
Iran, vi, 30, 37 seq.
visit of, to the camp of Dkrk,
' vi, 38
invited to banquet with
Dara, vi, 40
takes the golden cups of
Dara, vi, 40
recognised, vi, 40
escapes, vi, 41
defeats Dara, vi, 43, 44, 46
issues proclamation to the
Iranians, vi, 44, 47
gives the spoil to his troops,
vi, 44. 47
marches from 'Irak against
Dara, \n, 46
enters Istakhr, vi, 46
answers Dara's letter, vi, 50
marches from Istakhr, vi, 51
hears of Dard's murder, vi,
52
arrests Darei's murderers, vi,
53
finds Dara still living, vi, 53
promises to avenge Dcir4, vi,
53
promises to carry out Ddri's
last wishes, vi, 54
Dari bestows Riishanak
upon, vi, 55, 86
laments for, and buries,
Dara, vi, 55, 56
executes Dard's murdereis,
vi, 56
hailed as ruler by the frin-
ians, vi, 56
Sikandar, sends envoys to Ispa-
han and to the family of
D4ra, and letters to the
provinces, to announce
his accession, vi, 57
crowned Shah at Istakhr,
vi, 5<j
Reign of, 15S, vi, 60 seq.
Note on, vi, 60 seq.
diagram to illustrate Per-
sian Romance of, \ i, 84
inaugural address of, vi, 85
correspondence of, with the
the wife and daughter of
Daici, vi, a 86, seq.
marries Riishanak, vi, 90
invades Hind, vi, 98
Kaid and, vi, 61, 98
approaches Milad, vi, 61, 98
inquires about the Four
Wonders of Kaid, vi, 100
Four Wonders and other
gifts sent by Kaid to, vi,
103
marries daughter of Kaid, vi
104
sage of Kaid and, vi, 62, 104
seq.
principle of the cup ex-
plained to, vi, log
conceals his treasures, vi,
no and note
advances to Kannvij, vi, no
troops of, protest, vi, 113
remonstrates with his troops
vi, 113
troops of, ask pardon, vi,
114
war of, with Fiir (Porus), vi,
67, no seq.
hears of Fiii's elephants, vi,
"5
his device to overcome, vi,
"5
challenges Fiir to single
combat, vi, 116
slays I'lir, vi, 117
Fiir's troops submit to, vi,
n8
becomes king of Hind, vi,
n8
372
GENERAL INDEX
Sikandar, bestows Hind on
Sawurg, vi, ii8
visit of, to Mecca and the
Kaaba, vi, 64, 67, 119 seq.
ends the rule of the Khuza'
in Arabia, vi, 120
sets up Nasr instead of the
Khuza', vi, 120,
goes to Judda, vi, 121
marches to Misr, vi, 121
welcomed by king of, vi,
121
stays for a year in, vi, 121
Kaidafa (Candace) and, vi,
vi, 65, 121 seq.
poitiait of, obtained by
Kaidafa, vi, 122
Kaidafa praised by Kabtun
to, vi, 122
\viites to Kaidafa, vi, 123
Kaidafa's answer to, vi, 123
assumes the name of Nait-
kiin (Antigonus), vi, 66,
125 seq.
pleads (as Naitkiin) for
Kaidriish and his wife, vi,
126
goes (as Naitkiin) to Kai-
dafa, vi, 127
graciously received by Kai-
dafa, vi, 128
audiences of, with Kaidafa,
vi, 128 seq.
recognised by Kaidafa, vi,
129 seq.
delivers his message, as
envoy, to Kaidafa, vi 129,
134
covenant of, with Kaidafa,
vi, 132, 138
warned by Kaidafa against
Tainiish, vi, 133
insulted by Tainush, vi, 134
counsels Kaidafa about Tai-
niish, vi, 135
covenant of, with Tainush,
vi, 136
Kaiddfa's gifts to, vi, 140
returns with Tainush, vi, 141
welcomed by his troops, vi,
141
Sikandar, rsveals himself to Tai-
niish, vi, 142
entertains at a banquet,
gives gifts to, and dis-
misses, Tainush, vi, 143
final message of, to Kaidafa,
vi, 143
Brahmans hear of the com-
ing of, and write to, vi,
143
interview of, with the Brah-
mans, vi, 67, 144 seq.
quits the Brahmans, vi, 147
Fish-eaters (Ichthyophagi,
q.v.) and, vi, 69, seq., 147,
177
adventuie of, with a whale,
vi, 71, 147
sees gigantic reeds (bam-
boos), vi, 71, 148
attacked by snakes, scor-
pions, and boars, vi, 148
the people of Habash, vi,
149
the Narmpai, vi, 150
adventure of, with a dragon,
vi, 71, 151
visits the temple of Diony-
sus, vi, 71, 152, 166
warned of his death, vi, 152,
161, 166
marches toward Hariim, the
City of Women (Amazons
q.v.), vi, 153 seq.
encounters snow and frost,
vi, 156
encounters great heat, vi,
157
encounters the negroes, vi,
157
reaches and inspects Harum,
-^i. 157
marches westward and finds
a fair-haired race, vi, 73,
158
hears of the Gloom, q.v., and
of the Fount of Life, q.v.,
and prepares to visit them
vi, 158
sets forth with Khisr as
guide, vi, 159
GENERAL INDEX
373
Sikandar, Khisr ami, part com-
pany, vi, U)0
fails to find the Fount of
Life, vi, 160
interview of, witli biuls, vi,
160
interview of, with Israfil, vi,
7S, lOI
emerges from the Gloom, vi,
162
matches eastward, vi, 163
hears of YAjiij and Majiij,
vi, 163
barrier of, j6o, i, 16 ; vi, 7S,
164, 2. ,9
Speaking Tree visited by, vi,
167 seq. See Tree,
reaches " The World's
End," vi, 168
receives gifts, vi, 169
expedition of, to Chin, vi,
80, i6g seq.
goes as his own ambassador
to the Faghfiir, vi,
170
describes himself, vi, 171
Faghfur's gifts to, vi, 173
departs with Faghfur's en-
voy, vi, 173
identity of, discovered by
the envoy, vi, 173
dismisses the envoy with
gifts and a message to
Faghfur, vi, 174
anives at Chaghwan, vi,
174
marches to Sind, vi, 175
defeats Band^wa, chief of
the Sindians, vi, 175
marches to Nimruz, vi,
175
receives gifts from the king
of Yaman, vi, 175
meets Gush-bistar, vi, 177
carries ofl the treasuies of
Kai Khusrau, vi, 178
policy of, for safeguaiding
Riim after his decease, vi,
8r, 178, 197
adopts the advice of Aras-
tali's, vi, 180
Sikandar, arrives at Habil, vi,
180
prodigious birth at, vi, 81,
180
consults the astrologers
on, vi, 180
warned of his end, vi, iSo
sickens, vi, i8i
Will of, vi, 8r, i8i
grief of the troops for, vi,
183, 184
dies, vi, 183
dispute as to burial of, vi.
184
body of, taken to Iskanda-
riya, vi, 185
sentences of sages over, vi,
82, 83, 185
cities of, vi, 83, 189
Zoroast:ian and Sasanian
view of, i, 59 and note, 61
seq. ; vi, 15 and note, 224,
240 ; vii, 79 and note
Silk, account of, vi, 204
introduction of, into the
West, vi, 204
Silk-worm. See Silk.
Silvia, Vestal, v, 293
Simah Barzin, scribe, Hurmuzd
plots against, 170, viii, 85,
seq.
Simmas, chief herdsman of
Ninus, V, 292
Simurgh, mythical biid, 156, J57,
i, 51 ; iii, 15S, 313, 330 ;
V, 117, 132 seq., 166, 246,
248, 255
described, i, 235 and note,
253. 276, 302, 326. V, 132
nest of, on Mount Alburz, i,
241, 244. 250
young of. i, 242, 250, v, 132,
133
fmds and biings up the in-
fant Zal, i, 242
informs Z^l of his parentage,
i. 245
gives Zdl one of her feathers,
i, 246, 321
their efficacy, i, 246, 320
restores ZAl to Sam, i, 247
374
GENERAL INDEX
Simurgh, referred to, i, 251
succours Riidaba, i, 320 seq.
foretells Kustaiu's future
greatness, i, 321
slain by Asfandiyar, v, 133
summoned to Rustam's aitl
by Zal, V, 235 seq.
heals Rustam and Rakhsh,
V. 237
instructs Rustam how to
overcome Asfandiyar, v,
237
Sind, the river Indus and the
parts adjacent, i, 113 ; ii,
285 ; iii, 10 note, 117, 185,
216, 238 iv, 65, 71 ; V,
75, 180, 203, 277 ; vi, 113;
vii, no, 112, 390
king of, iii, 185 ; vi, 113,
entertained by Bahram
Gur, vii, 140 seq.
kings of, send tribute to
Gushtasp, v, 75
chiefs of, vi, 123
warriors of, vi, 132, 137
Sikandar marches to, vi, 175
Sindbad, the sailor, vi, 71
lands on a whale, vi, 71
Sinde, river, iii, 10 and note
Sindian, Sindians, 160, vii, 126
defeated by Sikandar, vi,
175
Sindukht, wife of Mihrab and
mother of Riidaba, 141, i,
259, 299
Mihrab praises Zal to, i, 260
discovers the loves of Zal
and Riidaba, i, 281
reproaches Riidaba, i, 282
informs Mihrab about Zal
and Riidaba, i, 284
goes with gifts to Sam, i,
300 seq.
well received by Sam, i, 302
invites Sam to visit Kabul,
i. 305
returns to Kabul, i, 306
hears of Zal's success with
Miniichihr, i, 315
felicitates Riidaba, i, 315
•C/. Vol. v., p. 30.
Sindukht, Mihrab and, prepare
to welcome Sam and Zal,
i, 315. 317
entertain Sam and Zal, i,
3 1 7 -"^'''l-
visit Sam in Si'stan, i, 319
Sinjibii, first historical Khan of
the Turks, vii, 317
relations of, with Niishir-
wan, vii, 317
Haitalians and, vii, 317
Sipahram, Turanian hero, J51 ;
ii, 228, 229, 388 ; iv, 26,
103
chosen to fight with Hajir,
iv, 97
slain by Hajir, i\', 104
Sipand (Spewto-data, q.v., Spen-
dyad, Sapad, White
Castle), mountain north-
west of Nishapiir, 142, i,
377 ; ii, 118 ; v, 30, 116,
117
Malcolm's identification and
desciiption of,' i, 236
Zal bids Rustam take, i, 329
described, i, 329
taken by Rustam, i, 331
treasures of, i, 331, 332
hold of, destroyed by Zal's
orders, i, 333
Sipandarmad, ameshaspenta,
q.v., iii, 287, 328 ; v, 18
month, i, 89 ; iv, 252 ; ix,
70, 122
day, i, 88, 89, viii, 331
Sipanjab (Farghana ?), region, i,
375 ; ii. 241,342,344. 345
358 ; iii, 151
Sipansar, Iranian warrior,viii, 293
Sistan = Nimriiz = Zabuiistan,'
144, 149, 155, ; i, 319 ;
ii, 80, 335, 365 ; iii, 165,
166, 191, 207, 321, 356;
iv, 14, 278 ; V, 13, 17, 29,
85, 86, 89, 94, 173, 174,
201, 220, 248, 261, 264,
267 ; vi, 32, 198 ; vii, 214
former capital of, i, 4
lake of, i, 4 ; v, 239 note
" Ste p. 333 note.
GENERAL ISDEX
373
Si'stdn, orig;in of name, i, 19
invadoil l)y Sliamasas and
Khazarwan, i, 358
mourning in, for Kustam, v,
278
invaded by Bahman, v, 284
seq.
Siti'r, Persian measure of weight,
iii, 184
Situh, Turanian heio, v, 86, 87
goes as a spy to Iran and
reports to Arjasp, v, 80,
Siyah Chasm, skive of Farrukh-
zad, ix, O2
handmaid of Farrukhzad
and, ix, 62
imprisoned, ix, 62
released, ix, 62
poisons Farrukhzad, ix, 63
Siyamak, son of Gaiumart, /J9,
i, 117, 119
slain by the Black Div, i, 120
lamentations over, i, 120
Siyamak, Turanian hero, i^i, iv,
97
chosen to fight with Guraza,
iv, 97
slain by Gurdza, iv, 100
Siyavakhsh. See Siyiwush.
Siydvashana. See Siyawush.
Siydwush, son of Kai K4us, and
father of Farud and Kai
Khusrau, 144-148. ; i, 55,
92 ; ii, 3, 25, 82, 104 note
187 seq., 335, 338 seq., 346
seq., 363. 371. 372, 374
seq.. 3«3. 386, 388, 396,
403, 411 ; iii, 8, 13, 18, 19,
21, 22, 29. 39. 42. 43. 51.
52, 57, 66, 67, 71, 72, 87,
93, 99, 112, 117, 118. 137.
146, 148, 149, 156, 163,
183, 197, 199, 200, 201, 203
seq.. 211, 214, 226, 237,
238, 256, 283, 289, 297,
307. 315. 324. 347; iv. 7.
17. 18, 34, 50, 51, 70 seq.,
89. 90, 95. 96. 102, 109,
120, 127, 129, 130, 137,
152, 159, 162. 167, 168,
S i y awiish — ro n I .
172, 201, 202, 204, 205,
214. 215, 22J, 223, 231,
235. 249, 250, 252, 257,
267, 270, 271, 283, 285,
289, 299, 305, 307, 310 ;
v, 174, 176, 192, 208, 272 ;
viii, 104, 349, 395 note ;
ix, 25 and note, 26 note.
103
mother of, 144, ii, 3
Story of, 144, ii, 188 seq.
Note on, ii, 188 seq.
good examjile of Fir-
dausi's method, ii, 188
Prelude to, ii, 191
identical with Cambyses,
the father of Cyrus the
Great, in legend, ii, 191
adventure of the mother of,
ii. 193
destined to misfortune from
birth, ii, 196
brought up by Rustani, ii,
196
horoscope of, ii, 196, 205,
234
returns to court, ii, 197
made ruler of Kuhistan, ii,
199
mourns for liis mother's
death, ii, 199
temptation of, by Siulaba,
ii, 200 seq.
marches against Afrasiy4b,
ii, 225 seq.
demands hostages of Afrd-
siyab, ii, 239 seq.
goes over to Afrasiyab, ii,
258 seq.
plays at polo with Afrasiyib
ii, 264
archery of, ii, 266, 293
mairiage of, with Jarira, ii,
268 seq.
marriage of, with 1-aiangis,
ii, 270 seq.
entertained by PirAn, ii, 278
buikls cities, ii, 278 seq.
consults the astrologers, ii,
282
376
GENERAL INDEX
Siyawush, foie tells the future to
I'iran, ii, 282 seq.
entertains Piran, ii, 287
entertains Garsiwaz, ii, 290
scq.
plays at polo with Garsiwaz,
ii, 292
challenged by Garsiwaz, ii,
294
overthrows Gurwi and Da-
mur, ii, 295
slandered by Garsiwaz to
Afrasiyab, ii, 296 seq.
summoned to court by
Afrasiyab, ii, 300 seq.
betrayed by Garsiwaz, ii,
301 seq.
excuses himself from going
to coutt, ii, 306
passion of, ii, 307 seq.
foretells the future to Faran-
gis, ii, 310 seq.
charges and turns loose
Bihzad, ii, 312
attacked and taken by
Afrasiyab, ii, 314
execution of, ii, 320
referred to, iv, 268
Blood of (plant), ii, 321
birth-mark of, iii, 49
mail of, iii, 58, 60, 61, 69, 81,
iv, 40 scq., 51
murderer of = Afrasiyab, iv,
198
garth of = Siyawushgiid, iv,
238
goods of, viii, 148, 151
Siyawush, Iranian chief, J72 ;
viii, 128, 163, 187, 233
son of = Bahram, viii, 247
Siyawush, wild duck, ii, 104
note
Siyawushgird, city built by Siya-
wush, 145, 146, 153 ; ii,
301, 314, 373 ; iv, 250,
252
building and desciiption of,
ii, 285 seq.
becomes the home of Kai
Khusrau, ii, 333
referred to, iv, 238
Skirts, binding together of, in
battle, iv, 85 and note, 177
and note, 209
Slavs, viii, 194
Smerdis, the false, v, 1 1 ; vi, 207
Snakes = Arabs, ix, gi
Snowstorm, iii, 108
Iranian host distressed by,
iii, 71, 128 ; V, 137; vi, 156
paladins of Kai Khusrau
lost in, iv, 308 seq.
Sohrab and Rustam, Matthew
Arnold's, ii, 118
Sol, planet, viii, 395
Soma. See Homa.
Son of Firdausi, death of, viii,
190
Song, of a div, ii, 31
of Rustam, ii, 51
of Asfandiyar, v, 129
of the daughter of Barzin,
vii, 52
of the daughter of Mahiyar,
vii, 60, 61, 66
Sophia, Empress, her treatment
of Narses, viii, 76
Sorcerer, a Jewish, brings about
the death of Nushirwan's
minister, Mahbud, vii, 320
seq.
Sorceress, Rustam and a, 143, ii,
50 seq.
Sudaba and a, 144, ii, 214
seq.
Asfandiyar and a, 1^6, v, 128
seq.
Soshyans, the Zoroastrian Mes-
siah, i, 131
Souterrain, ii, 137 iv, 212
Spain (Andalus), vi, 66
Spand-dat (Spento-data, Asfan-
diyar), V, 24 seq.
Span-dat-nama (Asfandiyar —
nama), v, 26, 27
Speaking Tree, the, 160. See
Tree.
Speech, modes of, viii, 30
Spendyai, mountain. See
Spe>zt6-data.
Spe«t6-data (Spand-d4t, As-
fandiyir q.v.), v, 12
GEXniiAL INDEX
377
Spe;(t(')-data (Spciulyarf, Sapad,
Sipand q.v. ), mountain
north-west of Nishapur,
ii, iiS ; V, 30, 116, 117
Sphint-s. See Calanus.
Spica, star, i, 245. 271 ; viii, 379
Spitama, clan name of Zarduhsht
(Zoroaster), i, 236 ; iv, 15
Spityura, brother of Yinia (Jam-
shid), i, 130
Spring, a, 143
of Sav, q.v., 163
Srovbar, mythical serpent, i, 172
Stages, the Seven, J56. See As-
fandiyar.
Stateira. See Barsine.
Steed, piece in chess. See Horse.
Steeds, iron, Sikandai's, J59, vi,
"5
filled with naphtha, vi, 115
Fur's elephants and troops
routed by, vi, 116
Stone, the Black. See Black.
Strabo, Greek geographer (born
c. 63 B.C.), vi, 68, 81
Strength, handgrip as test of.
See Handgrip.
Subuktigin, father of Sultin
Mahniud, account of, i, 20
^~ title of, i, 21
referred to by, i, 100, 114
Sudaba, daughter of the king of
Hamavaran and wife of
Kai Kaiis, 143-146, ii, 3,
79, 188, 189, 200, seq. 225,
249, 257, 335, 339
description of, ii, 86
marries Kai Kiiis, ii, 88
imprisoned with Kai Kaiis
by her father, ii, 91
released by Rustam, ii, 97
temptation of Siyawush by,
ii, 200 seq.
slain by Rustam, ii, 340
referred to, v, 174
Sufaiai (Sarkhin, SukhrA,
Seoses ?), 166, vii, 170
and note, 171, 173 seq. ;
viii, 72, 75, 168, 285
appointed minister to the
regent Balash, vii, 164
Sufarai, glorification of, in
Iranian tradition, vii, 170
account of, vii, 173, 184,
185
resolves to avenge Piriiz,
vii, 173
writes to Haldsh, vii, 173
marches on Marv, vii, 174
correspondence of, with
Khushnawaz, vii, 174
defeats Khushnawaz, vii,
177
gives the spoil to the troops,
vii, 177
Khiishnawdz sues for peace
to, vii, 178
consults his troops, vii,
178
resolves to make peace, vii,
179
replies to Khushnawdz, vii,
179
returns to Iran in triumph,
vii, 180
welcomed by Balash and
the chiefs, vii, r8i
greatness of, vii, 181, 190
dethrones Balish and makes
Kubad Shah, vii, 1S2
proverb concerning, vii, 185
identical with Rizmihr, vii,
185
fall of, vii, 190 seq.
Ku bad's letter to, vii, 193
arrest of, vii, 193
property of, confiscated, vii,
194
conveyed to Shdh Kubad,
vii, 194
executed, vii, 195
son of, (Rizmihi), vii, r96
Sufis, vi, 59 and 7iole
Sughd (Sughdiana, Samarkand),
district and city in Turk-
istan between the Oxus
and Jaxartes, i, 19 ; ii,
230, 232, 237, 241. 249,
358 ; iii, 244 ; iv, 65, 1S8,
189. 255; vii, 331. 337.
358, 359
Sughdiana, vi, 72. See Sughd.
378
GENERAL INDEX
Suhrab, son of Rustam and
Tahmina danghter of the
king of Samangan, 144,
ii, 4, 25 ; iv, 296 ; v, 204 ;
vi, 325
Story of, J44, ii, 118 seq.
Note on, ii, 118
purely episodic, ii, 118
Sir Jofin Malcolm's ver-
sion of, ii, 118
Matthew Arnold's version
of, ii, 118
Prelude to, ii, 119
lament of, for the loss of
Gurdafrid, ii, 119, note
questions his mother as to
his father, ii, 126
chargei of, sired by Rakhsh,
ii, 128
Afrasiyab's plot against, ii,
129
gifts to, ii, 130
invades fran, ii, 130
takes Hajir prisoner, ii, 131
beguiled by Gurdafrid, ii,i33
described by Gazhdaham,
ii, 136
sees from White Castle the
Iranian host advancing,
ii, 148
seen while feasting bj'' Rus-
tam, ii, 150
hears of the death of Zhanda
Razm, ii, 151
misled by Hajir, ii, 152 seq.
overthrows the camp-en
closure of Kaus, ii, t6o
challenged by Rustam, ii,
161
Rustam described by, ii,
154. 169
advances of, to Rustam,
ii, 169
spares Rustam's life, ii, 170
again encounters Rustam, ii,
172
makes himself known to
Rustam, ii, 173
last requests of, to Rustam,
ii. 173
mourning for, ii, 182 seq.
Si'ikhra. See Sufarai.
Sukhta, treasure, viii, 406 and
rwfe
Sultan. See Mahnnul.
Sumai, viii, 195
Sun, on the Nature of the, Jjg,
i, 105
one of the seven planets, i,
72
in astiology, i, 188, 310
and note
total eclipse of, vii, 159
Sunday, viii, 378, 380
Sunnites, orthodox Muhamma-
dans, i, 13
oiigin of, i, 13
Siir, city near Ispahan, iy6, iv,
146, 180 ; ix, 74, 89, 95,
97, 100, 116, 118
Sura. See Shurab.
Surkha, son of Afrasiyab, 146,
i, 92 ; ii, 344 seq.
taken prisoner by Fara-
marz, ii, 345
death of, ii, 347
Sursan (Zib-i-Khusrau, Rumiya
q.v.) city built by Nushii-
wan, 168, vii, 317, 327,
328
Surush, angel, the messenger of
Urmuzd, 75,7, 172, i, 51,
175, 182 ; ii, 288, 289,
364, 408 ; iii, 277 ; iv,
139, 203, 265, 283, 307;
V, 170, 253 ; vi, 199
note, 372 ; vii, 38 ; viii,
173
warns Gaiumait against the
Black Div, i, 119
bids Gaiumart avenge Siya-
mak, i, 120
visits and instructs Faiidun,
i, 159
counsels Faridun about Zah-
hak, i, 169
appears to Gudarz in a
dream, ii, 363
referred to, iv, 273
informs Kai Khusrau that,
his prayer is granted, iv,
281
GENERAL IXDEX
379
n
Surush, angel, bills Kai Khusrau
appoint J.nhiasp as his
successor, iv, 281
may bo assunicd to bavc
acconipanittl Kai Klius-
rau on his pilgrimage, iv,
139. 303. 308
saves Khusrau Parwiz from
Bahram Chubina, viii,
189, 299
Surush, day, i, 88 ; vi, 411
Surush, astrologer, vi, 372
takes liahram Cn'ir's horo-
scope, vi, 376
Siisanak, a miller's daughter,
vii, 32 and note
taken to wife by Bahram
Giii, vii, 33
Susiana (Khiizistdn q.v.), vi, 295,
321 ; vii, 184
Sviatoi, island lying off western
shore of the Caspian, i, 58
tiote
Swat, river in Northern India,
vi, 65
Swyamvara, Indian form of
mairiage, iv, 316
Syavarshana (Siyawush . q.v.),
iv, 137
country, ii, 80 ;
viii, 193
raiiled by Persians, viii, 41
Syriac, version of the Pseudo-
Callisthenes, vi, 14, 16, 18,
30, 31 seq., 61, 63, 65, 66,
68, 71, 72, 74, 78 seq.
Chiistian Legend of Alex-
ander, vi, 14, 15, 74,78,84
quoted, vi, 15
metrical version of, vi
15. 78, 84
Syrian, ix, 06
11, 1S9 ;
Syria (Sham),
vi, 30 ;
Tabak, frdnian chief, 161, vi, 202,
suspected by Ardshii Papa-
k4n. A, 225 ]
Tabak, justifies himself, v'l 226
Aidsliir IVijiakan and, de-
feat Bahman, vi, 226
buries Ardawan, \ i, 22<)
atlvises Arilshir I'apakan to
marry the daughter of
Ardawan, vi, 229
Tabaii, Arabic historian (A.D.
838-923), iii, 108 ; vi, 14
note, 16, 19, 30, 198, 200,
291 note, 310, 313, 315,
321, 326 ; vii, 3 seq., 156,
159, 160, 170, 171, 185
186, 217 ; viii, 73, 73 seq..
188; ix, 4, 50, 01, O4,
69
account of death of Rustam
by, V, 261
etymology of Dirdb, v,
297 note
Sasanians, vi, 14 note
Alexander's battles with
Darius, vi, 30
Yajuj and Majuj, vi, 78
rise of Sasanian dynasty,
vi, 198
Ardsliir Papakan, vi, 198,
203
genealogies of Papak, vi,
200
Worm, vi, 205, 206
Haftwad, vi, 203, 206
length of Ardshir Papa-
kan 's reign, vi, 234
Ardawan 's daughtei, vi,
255
Shapur, son of Ardshir
Papakdn, vi, 255, 257
death of Shdpur, son of
Shapu*-, vi, 305
Bahr4m, son of Shapur,
vi, 368
Yazdagird, son of Shapur,
vi, 371 seq.
Kubad and Nushirwdn's
reform of taxation, vii,
183 note, 215
Turks, vii, 317
Persian, vii, 5 ; viii, 42, 73
seq.. 187 seq. ; ix, 4, 3, 43,
70
38o
GENERAL INDEX
Tabarf, Persian, story from, con-
cerning Kubad, vii, 183
note
Arabic, viii, 42, 73, 1S7, 190
195 ; ix, 4, 5, 7, 43, 50
Tabaristan (Mazandaran, q.v.),
i, 39, 40 ; ix, 74
Firdausi's stay in, i, 39
chief of, i, 39, 40
patron of Firdausf, i, 39
Table of Contents, General, ix,i39
Tables, Genealogical. See Gene-
alogical.
Tacitus, Roman historian (A.D.
55-120), iii, 10 and note,
15 ; vi, 73
Tahm^sp, father of Zav, i, 90,
369, 370 ; ii, II ; iv, 283
Tahmina, daughter of the king of
Samangan and mother of
Suhrab, 144; ii, 4, 118
precautions of, for her son's
safety, ii, 127, 140, 149
mourning of, for Suhrab, ii,
184 seq.
death of, ii, 186
Tahmuras, Shah, 140, i, 42, 90,
91, 214 ; ii, 168 ; iii, 293 ;
iv, 133 ; vii, 9 and note,
273 ; viii, 277, 332, 376 ;
ix. 25
Reign of, 140, i, 125 seq.
Note on, i, 125
Binder of the Div (Ahri-
man), i, 125, 127, 214
Ahriman and, legend of, i, 125
culture hero, i, 125, 126
divs rebel against, i, 127
conquers and enslaves the
divs, i, 127
taught wiiting by the
divs, i, 127
dies, i, 128
Firdausi's reflections on, i,
128
horn of, iii, 335
Tainush (Chaiogos, Keratoi,
Kanir), son of Kaidafa,
J59 ; vi, 66, 67, 134 seq.
Kaidafa warns Sikandar
against, vi, 133
Tainush, Fui 's son in law, vi,
133
insults Sikandai, vi, 134
Kaidafa chides, vi, 135
Kaidafa and Sikandar con-
sult about, vi, 135
makes a covenant with
Sikandar, vi, 136
accompanies Sikandar on
his return, vi, 141
Sikandar discovers himself
to, vi, 142
asks grace of Sikandar, vi,
142
pardoned by Sikandar, vi,
142
entertained at a banquet,
presented with gifts, and
dismissed, by Sikandar,
vi, 143
Tainush (Theodosius), 163, vi,
372, 389, 404
goes to Yazdagird as ambas-
sador, vi, 389
asked by Bahram Giir to
intercede with Yazdagird
for him, vi, 389
obtains Bahram Giii's re-
lease, vi, 390, 404
Tair (Daizan, q.v.), Arab chief,
162 ; vi, 3, 322, 324, 330
seq.
Taisafun (Ctesiphon, q.v.), 16S,
174 > vi, 397 ; vii, 18S,
194, 361, 363 ; viii, 53, 90,
109 note, 118, 173, 175,
180, 182, 229, 241 ; ix, 9,
10, 90
Ardshir Papakan goes to,
vi, 245
Shapur's bridge at, vi, 321,
329
sacked by Tair, vi, 330
Shapur sends spies to, vi, 346
Caesar defeated and taken
prisoner by Shapur at, vi,
347
Niishirwan returns to, viii,
53
Bahram Chiibina marches
from province of, viii, 106
GENERAL INDEX
381
Taisafi'in, Khusrau Panviz im-
prisoned at viii, 421 ; ix, q
Barbae! visits Khusrau Par-
wiz at, ix, 29
T4j, viii, 71
Tdkdis, Throne of, IJ4, viii, 391
account of, viii, 391
added to by J4m4sp, viii,
Takht {or TAk)-i-BustAn, place
some four miles north-
east of Kirmanshah in the
Persian province of Arde-
lan and famous for its
Sas4nian bas-reliefs, vi,
257 ; viii, 192
inscription at, vi, 257
Takht-i-Khusrau. 5eeMada'in.
Takht-i-Sulaim4n (Shiz, q.v.),
viii, 1 89
Talhand, Indian prince, i6g,
vii, 394, 396 seq.
Story of Gav and, i6g, vii,
394. seq.
mother of. See Gav.
birth of, vii, 396
tutor of, vii, 397, 398, 401,
402, 408, 410, 414
rivalry between Gav and,
vii, 397 seq.
war between Gav and, vii,
404 seq.
rejects Gav's offei of accom-
modation, vii, 406, 409
death of, foretold, vii, 408,
413. 418
defeated by Gav, vii, 412
accepts Gav's proposal for a
decisive battle, vii, 415
defeat and death of, vii,
416
Talikan, city and stronghold
east of Marv, ii, 228 ; iv,
65. 255
ceded by Piruz to the Hait4-
lians, vii, 156, 160
importance of, vii, 156
Talimdn, f 1 dnian hero, i, 2 1 1 , 2 1 7
meets Kai Khusrau in Sughd
vi. 255
Talisman, Ca;sar's, J72
described, viii, 271, 275
deceives Persian envoys,
viii, 272
mastered by Kharrad, viii,
274
Tamaiisk, plant, i, 4 ; v, 240,
243, 246, 247, 256
branch of, fatal to Asfandi-
y4r, v, 239 and note
Tammisha (Kus), town in Eastern
JNIazandarAn, formerly a
seat of Faridun's, between
Sariyah and Astarabad, i,
177, 216, 230
Tami'iz, viii, 77 note
Tanais, river, iv, 315 and note
Tarak, river (the Atrak, the
boundary between Gur-
gcin and Dahistdn, or the
Turk flowing into the
Jaxartes west of Tdsh-
kand ?), vii, 164, 165, 359
Tardz, city now in ruins, north-
east of Tashkand neai the
present town of Aulich-
Ata, i, 257, 266; V, 157 ;
vi, 268 ; viii, 370 ; ix, 41
Cypress of = Rud4ba, i, 269
Idols of, ii, 123, 206; iii,
248 ; iv, 218 ; viii, 370
Tartary, iv, 156
Taurus, constellation, iii, 168 ;
iv, 177 ; vi, 151 ; vii, 282
Tausar, high piiest under Ard-
shir Papakan, i, 62
letter of, i, 63
Tawdba, Iranian hero, iii, 25
Tawurg, Turanian hero, iv, 188
sent on an expedition by
Afrasiyab, iv, 1S8
defeated by Rustam, iv, 193
Taxation, i6j, vii, 224
Fiidausi's exemption from,
i. 35. 39 ; ix, 121
reform of, by Kub^d, vii, 183
note, 215, 225
Nushirwin, vii, 215, 225
seq.
Taxila, Indian city, vi, 63
situation of, vi, 62
382
GENERAL INDEX
Tazhav, an franian deserter to,
and son-in-law of, Afrasi-
yab, 148 ; iii, 27, 28
sends Kabiida to spy out the
Iranian host, iii, 73
paileys with Giv, iii, 75
defeated, iii, 77
flees with Ispanwi, iii, 77
pursued by Bizhan, iii, 77
escapes to Afrasiyab, iii, 78
attacks Bahram, iii, 100
taken prisoner by Giv, iii,
102
Temperaments, the four, vii, 38 1
symboUsed in the game of
nard, vii, 381
Tennyson, quoted, v, 281
Tharthai, river in northern
Mesopotamia, vi, 322
Theodore, brother of Herachus,
viii, 194
TlieodosiopoUs, citj- in Armenia,
vii, 187
Theodosius II. (Tainiish, q.v.).
Eastern Roman Em-
peror (A.D. 401-450), vi,
372 ; vii, 187
Theodosius (Niyatiis, q.v.), viii,
189
Theophanes, Greek Chronicler,
account of last days of
Khusrau Parwi'z by, ix, 6
Thermodon, river on the south-
ern shores of the Euxine,
vi, 72
Thornbrake town, the world, i,
310
Thraetaona, i, 171 seq. ; ii, 81
Thrita, i, 171 seq.
Tiber, river, v, 294
Tibciius XL, Eastern Roman
Emperoi, \ii, 212 ; viii, 42
Tigris (Arwand), river, vi, 294
322 ; viii, 193, 194 ; ix,
67
small, the, vi, 199 and note
lower, vi, 291 note
bridge over, vi, 321
Tihran, citv, ii, 28 ; iii, 109 ; v,
14. '18
edition of Shahndma, i. 76
TIr, genius, iii, 287, 328
month and day, i, 88, viii,
394
Tiri, eunuch of Guzihr, vi, 198
Tirmid, city and fortress north
of the Oxus (Jihiin) where
the route from Balkh to
Samarkand crosses that
river, ii, 229, 258 ; iv, 65 ;
vii, 156, 157, 331
Tirudih, village in the neighbour-
hood of Istakhr (Persc-
polis), and the birth-place
of Ardshir Papakan, vi, 1 98
Tishtar, Sirius, i, 235
Tobit, Book of, iii, 272
Toll-house and ford of Zark, ix,
100 and note, 116
Tollman, Giv and the, 146 ; ii,
390
Gushtasp and the, iv, 324,
332 and note, 334 seq., 344
seq., 351
Trade-routes, ancient, i, 11, 57
Traitana, i, 7, 8, 171 seq.
Trajan, Roman Emperor (A.D.
98-117), vi, 322
siege of Hatra by, vi, 322
Translation, the principles adop-
ted in the present, i, 76 seq.
Translators of the Shahnama,
list of previous, i, 87
Treasuie, of Jamshid, 164, vii, 36
Kai Kh israu, 160, iv, 295 ;
vi, 178
Sikandar, vi, 1 10 and note
Khusrau Parwa'z, viii, 406
Tree, the Speaking, 160, vi, 79
described, vi, 167 seq.
Sikandar visits, vi, 167, seq.
warns Sikandar of his death,
vi, 168, 169
Triad of evil, Zoroastrian, i, 59
and note
Tribal, or Part, Kings, the, 160,
vi, 180, 203, 204, 225, 252,
253
origin of, vi, 179, 181, 210
character of their rule vi,
197, 198
number of, vi, 198
GENERAL INDEX
383
Tribal, or Part Kings, ArdawAn,
the chief of, vi, 201
Firilausi on, vi, 210
Tribute, Rum's to frAa, vi, 24;
vii, 214,215, 248,262,333,
338,362; viii, 52, 53
Trita, i, 7, 8, 171 seq.
Tshatrang-Xamak, Pahlavi text,
vii, 3S0, 381
Tughral, a species of falcon,, vii,
49
described, vii, 48
Bahrdm Gur's, vii, 48 seq.
Tukhar, Fariid's counsellor, 14J,
iii, 43 5^^.
tells Farud the blazons of
the Iranian chiefs, iii, 44
counsels Farud, iii, 47, 52 seq.
Tukhdr, king of Dahistan, iv, 148
commands with Fariburz
the troops fiom Khdwar,
iv, 148
slays a scout from Makran,
iv, 242
Tukhdr, Iranian chief, viii, 228
takes letter to Caesar, viii,
263
Tukhar, Iranian general, con-
spires against Khusrau
Parvviz, viii, 414
releases Shirwi, viii, 413
refuses to help Piruz against
Guraz, ix, 48
Tukhara, fidnian warrior, viii,
296
son of, viii, 314
Tumaspa (Tahniasp, q.v.), i, 369
Tur, second son of Fan'dun and
luler of Turin, 140, 141,
i. 42, 90 seq., 335, 337,
34^.344. 362 ; ii, 8, 17, 19,
99. 237, 262, 297, 302, 303,
318, 327, 363, 390; iii,
7. 30. 37. "5. 197. 245,
246 ; iv, II, 34, 66, 69, 70,
78, 166, 167, 188, 201, 203,
206, 269, 272, 290 ; V, 42,
206, 261, 284 ; vi, 353 ;
vii, 73 ; viii, 266, 300, 376
note, 378 ; ix, 103
racial significance of, i, 54
Tur, etymology of, i, 174
naming of, i, 187
horoscope of, i, 188
made ruler over the Turk-
mans and Chin, i, 189
plots with Salm, i, 190
Salm and, demand the abdi-
cation of Iraj, i, 191
Iraj visits, i, 198
reception of fraj by, i,
198, seq.
slay Iraj, i, 201
send fraj's head to Fari-
diin, i, 202
hear of Minuchihr, i, 208
send fen embassy to Fari-
diin, i, 208
receive Fan'dun's reply,
i, 213 seq.
prepare for war, i. 215
parley of, with Kubad, i, 217
Salm and, worsted by Minu-
chihr, i, 220
plan a night-surprise, i,
220
worsted, i, 221
slain by Minuchihr, i, 221
head of, sent to Faridiin, i,
222
Fire-temple at Bukhara
built by, iv, 255
daughter of, iv, 304
= Turan, iv, 51, 164
chief of = Human, iv, 51
prince of = Shida, i\ , 164
Tiiran (Turkistan), the legendary
patrimony of Tiir, q.v. and
a general name for the
non-franian regions north
of the Oxus (Jihiin), 142,
146, 14S. 13J, IS3. 165-
i6j ; i, 189, 229, 351, 371,
ii, 9, 18, 25, 79, 82, loi.
112 and passim ; iii, 8, 11,
15, 25, 29 and passim ;
iv, 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, and
passim ; v, 12, 20 seq., 25,
32, 41. 43. 45. 53. C)i. and
passim; vi, 43. 182, 398;
vii, 43, 92, I3<i. 156, 178;
viii, 118, 123, 130, 242,
384
GENERAL INDEX
Tiiran — cont.
329. 331. 349, 350. 376,
405, 407 ; ix, II, 89, 99
monarch of Chin and=Afra-
siyab, ii, 99
host of, ii, no
lord of = Mahinud, iv, 142
Turanians (Turkmans), 143, 148,
149' 1 51-153. 155. 165;
i, 9, 10, 54 ; ii, 11, 81, 265;
iii, 30, 115, 320, 322 ; iv,
7, 81. 129, 223, 227; V,
13, 20, 116 ; vii, 90 ; viii,
123, 320
historical relations of, with
the Iranians, i, 16
Turk, Turks, i, 10, 20 ; viii, 95,
103, 121, 135, 136, 138
seq., 142, 164, 169, 170,
189. 316, 320, 349, 352 ;
ix, 70, 96 seq., 105, 114,
117, 120
confused vdth the Haita-
Uans, vii, 4
historical appearance of, vii,
317
Tabari on, vii, 317
defeat the Haitahans, vii,
332
described, vii, 332
War of, with Persians, viii,
72
prophesied, viii, 98
= Sawa, viii, 98
defeated, viii, 126
find Sawa's corpse, viii, 127
sorcerer, sends ill dream to
Bahram Chubina, viii,
121, 128
put to death, viii, 129
heads of chiefs of, sent to
Hurmuzd, viii, 130
retreat to Tiiran, viii, 131
three, the, viii, 187, 204
one of, attacks Khusiau
Parwiz, viii, 220
reproved by Bahram
Chubina, viii, 221
lead night-attack on Khus-
rau Panviz, viii, 227
= Makatura, viii, 319
Turk, Turks = Kulun, viii, 343
defeated by Yalan-sina, viii,
353
Turkhan, Turanian hero, v, 151
sent with troops to recon-
noitre outside the Brazen
Hold, v, 151
Turkish, ix, 87
Turkistan (Tiiran), I4y, ii, 19 ;
iii, 109, 228 ; iv, 233 ; v,
55 ; vi, 179, 278, 280. 397;
vii, 84, 92, 118, 334, 365 ;
viii, 324, 336, 363, 376,
377. 407
Turkman, Turkmans (Tiiian.
ians), 148, 153, i, 20, 189,
263, 343, 352, 357; ii,
12, 14, 15, 92, 100 and
passim ; iii, 30, 63, 81, 93,
and passim ; iv, 10, 13,
15, 19, 20, 22, 29 and
passim ; v, 22, 25, 36, 39,
40. 44. 47. 51. 52, 61, 72,
90 seq., 98 seq., 104 seq.,
108, no, 113, 114, 116,
135, 152, 157. 158, 171.
173, 206, 254 ; vii, 48, 88.
92, 97. 177. 179, 239, 344.
364 ; viii, 377 ; ix, 25, 76,
94
slave-boy of Zal meets the
damsels of Rudaba, i, 263
seq.
make peace with Zav, i, 371
army of, surrenders to As-
fandiyar, v, 72, 113
monarch of=Arjasp, v, 74
led by Kuhram, storm
Balkh, burn the Fire-
temple, and slay Zar-
duhsht and the priests, v,
92, 93
take Gushtasp's daughters
captive, v, 93
kingdom of, offered by
Asfandiyar to Gurgsar in
return for faithful service,
V, 120
ordered by Arjasp to march
out from the Brazen Hold
in foice to. attack the in-
GENE UAL 1X1) EX
38:
Turkman, Turkmans — out.
vadcrs under Bishiitan, v,
hear the cries o( the frdn-
ian watch in the Brazen
Hold, V, 155
refused quarter by Asfandi-
yAr, V, 158
language, vi, 147
defeated by BahrAm Giir,
vii, 90, 91
sue for peace, vii, 91
war of Piriiz with, vii, 164
seq.
inroads of, through the
Caucasus, vii, 238
make submission to Nushir-
wan, vii, 360
=Turk, viii, 87, 89, 94,
217
king = Afrisiydb, ix, 25
Tiis, son of Naudar, franian hero,
146-149. 154, iy6 ; i, 90
353. 370 ; ii. 33. 35. 38,
58, 62, 70, 73, 85, 90, 91,
127. 138. 142, 148, 177.
188, 193, 197, 199, 226,
257. 316, 319. 335. 338,
340. 349, 353 seq., 371,
383. 394 ." i". II. 18, 19,
24, 25, 37 seq., 45 seq., 60,
62, 64, 66 seq., 76, 78. 80,
82 seq., 108, III seq., 132
seq., 136 seq., 145, 149
seq., 154, 155, 159, 161,
163, 166, 167, 169, 170,
172, 174, 177 seq., 182,
183, 187, 206, 211, 213
seq., 225, 228, 230, 232,
234. 235, 238, 246, 248,
253. 254, 255, 257, 259.
268, 273, 277, 289, 294,
307, 322, 327, 329 ; iv, 13,
15. 62, 79, 9T, 157, 180,
191, 224, 226, 227, 242,
292, 296, 306 seq. ; v,
57. 116, 207, 208 ; viii,
1 68
Gustaham and, sent by Nau-
dar to conduct the Iranian
women to Alburz, i, 351
yoL. IX.
Tus, Gustaham and, hear of
Naudar's death, i, 3O4
passed over in the succession
i. 3(J9. 370
character of, i, 369
appointed captain of the
host, ii, 78
taken prisoner in Hama-
varan, ii, 90
released by Rustam, ii, 97
goes in search of Kai Kdiis,
ii, 104
engaged in the Fight of the
Seven Warriors, ii, 107
seq.
commanded by Kai Kaiis to
hang Rustam and Giv,
ii. 143
encampment of, described,
ii, 153
summons Rustam to fight
Suhrdb and helps to
saddle Rakhsh, ii, i6o
quarrels with Giv over the
future mother of Siya-
wush, ii, 194
supersedes Siyawush, ii, 246
seq.
leads the host home, ii, 258
intercedes for Surkha, ii,
347
worsted in fight by Afrasi-
yab, ii, 353
appointed ruler of ChAch, ii,
358
returns to ivkn, ii, 362
dispute of, with Giidarz over
Kai Khusrau, ii, 400 seq.
advocates the claims of Farl-
burz, ii, 401
asks pardon of Khusrau, ii,
410
hostility of, to Fariiil, iii, 13,
51, ^2
marches on Kaldt, iii, 40
sends chiefs to attack Farud,
iii, 47 seq.
Bahrdm's remonstrance
with, iii, 51
hoise of, slain by Farud, iii,
386
GENERAL INDEX
Tiis, resolves to attack Kalat, ni,
62
remorse of, for the death of
Fan'id, iii, 67
builds a charnel for Farud,
Rivniz, and Zarasp, iii,
68
marches from Kalat, iii, 68
defeats Tazhav, iii, 77
occupies Giravgard, iii, 78
defeated by the Turkmans,
iii, 82
deprived of his command,
iii, 83
Kai Khusrau's wrath with,
iii, 84, III, 112
superseded, iii, 86
returns to Kai Khusrau, iii,
86
disgraced, iii, 86
imprisoned, iii, 87
pardoned, iii, 114
challenges Piran to battle,
iii, 117
joins battle with Piran, iii,
118, 126
parleys with Human, iii, 121
piays to be delivered from
the snowstorm, iii, 128
retreats to Mount Ham4-
wan, iii, 132
makes a night-attack upon
Pi'ran, iii, 139
harangues the host, iii, 141
hears of the approach of suc-
cours, iii, 159
takes counsel with the host,
iii, 167
arrays the host, iii, 169
chiefs and, take counsel with
Rustam, iii, 172
Rustam's wrath with, iii,
234
collects the spoil, iii, 235
worsted by Piiladwand, iii,
257
leads a host to Khaiazm. iv,
61
son of = Zarasp, iv, 135
made overseer of the host,
iv, 149
j Tiis, posted on Khusrau's right,
i iv, 146
takes part in the siege of
Gang-bihisht, iv, 199
oidered to prepare for a
night-attack from Afra-
siyab, iv, 224
Kai Khusrau remonstrated
with by, and othei nobles,
for refusing audience, iv,
275
Giidarz, and other ^nobles
take counsel, iv, 277
audience of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 283 seq.
holds with other chiefs, at
the bidding of Kai Khus-
rau, an assembly on the
plain, iv, 291 seq.
Kai Khusrau's gifts to, iv,
295. 300
asks for further recognition
from Kai Khusrau, iv,
299
letains the charge of Kawa's
flag and receives Khur-
asan, iv, 300
sets out with Kai Khusrau
on his pilgiimage, iv,
306
refuses to turn back when
bidden by Kai Khusrau,
iv, 307
Kai Ivhusrau farewells and
warns, and his comrades,
iv, 308
disappears and is sought
in vain by, and his
comrades, iv, 308
end of, iv, 309
Tiis, city, now in ruins, north of
Mashad in Khurasan, i,
39 ; V, 28 ; vi, 393 ; ix,
90, 95
birthplace of Firdausi, i, 38,
41. 45
governor ol, i, 39
piince of, i, 100, 114
legendary origin of, iii, 14
legend concerning Fiidausi's
burial at, iii, 191
CESllRAL ISDLX
3S7
1 lis, city, treasure of Kai Kdi'is
called " The IJride " stored
at. iv, 295
SAm and the dragon of, v,
202
local legend of, vi, 372, 391
seq.
governor of, ix, 92
Tuwurg, Turanian hero, ii, 253
Tuwurg, brother of Khdn, lyj,
viii, 364
reports flight of Gurdya, viii,
351
sent in puisuit, viii, 351
parleys with Gurdya, viii.
Twelve Kukhs (Champions),
Battle of the. See Rukhs.
Signs (Zodiac), vii, 408
Tyre, city, vi, 30
siege of, vi, 30
U
Clad, a div, 143, ii, 28, 59, 6i ;
iv, 296 note ; v, 204 note
Rustam and, ii, 52 seq.
niade king of Mdzandaran,
ii, 76
'Umar, Khalifa (A.D. 634-643),
i, II seq., 67 ; ix, 66 seq.,
72, 76, 121
founds Basra, ix, 69
sends Hcishim in pursuit of
Yazdagird, ix, 68
Nu'm4n to fight Yazda-
gird, ix, 68
Sa'ad to invade frdn, ix,
7^
'Umar Khayyam, Persian poet
and scientist (died A.D.
1 1 23). V, 30
Ummayyads, Muhammadan
ilynasty, i, 12, 13
Une, daughter of Alexander the
Great in the Pseudo-Cal-
listhcnes, vi, 77
Ural Mountains, iii, 192
Urmuzd, the Good Principle, i,
5, 50, 116 seq., 236, ii, 82,
iii, 271, 286, 317, 327 ; iv,
139. 185 ; v, 15 seq. ; vi,
55. 3(>2. 372. 387 ; vii,
228, 406 and note ; viii,
285 ; ix, 24
Unity of, symbolised in the
game of nard, vii, 381
day, i, 88 ; iii, 323 ; vi, 302
and note, 306, 375
Urmuzd, Ashkanian (Parthian)
king, vi, 197, 210
Urmuzd, son of Shapur, Shcih
(Hormisdas 1), 161, 162,
vi. 3, 257, 273, 280, 313.
327
discovery of, by Ardshir Pa-
pakan, vi, 257, 271
birth of, vi, 271
counselled by Ardshir Pd-
pakan, vi, 280
Shapur, vi, 299
Reign of, 162, vi, 301 seq.
Note on, vi, 301
title of, vi. 301
story about, vi, 301
Urmuzd, son of Narsi, Shdh
(Hormisdas II), 162, vi, 3,
294. 295. 307. 315. 316.
325 ; vii, 359; viii. 41
Reign of, vi, 318 seq.
Note on, vi, 318
sons of, vi, 318
inaugural address of, vi, 318
pregnant wife of, enthroned,
vi, 320
Urmuzd (Hormisdas), son of
Urmuzd, Persian Prince,
vi, 318, 325
referred to (?), vi, 337
Urmuzd Ardshir (Ahwaz), city in
Khuzistan, vi, 290 and
note
Urmuzd, frdnian warrior, viii. 296
Uroscopy, vi, loi, 107. loS
Urumiah (Khanjast or Chi'jast),
lake in Azarbaijan, iv,
136 ; viii, 195
Afrasiydb escapes from Hum
into, iv, 262 and note
388
GENERAL INDEX
Ustad, fraiiian general, \ii, 251
commands Nushirwan's
right wing, vii, 251
Ustad, franian warrior, viii, 296
Ustukila, Turanian hero, iv, 182
fights with Kai Khusrau, iv,
182
'Utbi, Al, secretary to Sultan
Mahmud, i, 32
'Uthman, Khalifa, i, 12
Utterakuri, a legendary people,
^i, 74
Uzava (Zav), Shah, i, 369
Vale of heroes, vii, 6
Valerian (Bazanush), Roman
Emperor (A.D. 253-260),
vi, 323 seq.
defeat and capture of, by
Shapur son of Ardshir, vi,
294. 295
memorials of, vi, 295
confused with Odenathus,
Julian, and Jovian, vi,
324 seq.
death of, in captivity, vi,
326
Valkash (Vologeses I), Parthian
(Ashkanian) king, i, 62, 63
Va^idaremaini (Andariman),
brother of Arjasp, v, 13
Varahran I (Bahram son of
Urmuzd), Sasanian king,
vi, 307
Varahran II (Bahram son of
Bahram), Sasanian king,
vi, 310
Varahran III (Bahram Bahrami-
yan), Sasanian king, vi,
313. 368
Varahran IV (Bahrani son of
Shapur), Sasanian king,
vi, 313. 368
Varahran V (Bahram Gi'ir),
Sasanian king, vii, 3
Vardancs (Bahram), Parthian
(Ashkdnian) king, iii, 9
seq., 109
Vardanes, wars of, with Gotarzes,
iii, 10, II
assassination of, iii, 10, 11
character of, iii, 15
Varewg-ana, the raven, i, 235, 236
Vedas, i, 129, 144, 171, 234, 337,
ii, 8, II, 25
Vega, star, vii, 245
Vendidad, Nask, vii, 188
reference to Mazdak in, vii,
188
Venus, planet, i, 72, 100, 194,
276, 303, 322, 332, 339 ; ii,
115. 275, 345; iii, 143,
159, 254, 318, 332 ; V,
159; vi, 98, I02, 171, 190,
212, 224, 332 ; vii, 53,
151, 263 ; viii, 152, 359,
394. 395 ." ix, 26, 73
Verethraghna, the raven, ii, 25
Victory of Victories, The, ix, 69 .
Vidrafsh (Bidirafsh), v, 24, 26
Village-chief, 154
Vineyards, taxes on, vii, 215, 225
Virgo, constellation, iii, 24 ; viii,
359 ; ix, 71
Vishtasp (Vistaspa, Gushtasp,
q.v.), V, 24
Vistaspa (Vishtasp, Gushtasp,
q.v.), iv, 316; V, II
Vistasp-sast, v, 11
Vitrified fortifications, vi, 79, 165
Vivanghat, i, 129
Vohiiman. See Vohu Manau.
Vohu Manau (Vohiiman, Bah-
man), ameshaspenta, iii,
271 ; V, 16, 17
Volga, river of European Russia,
falling into the Caspian,
iv, 316
Vologeses I (Valkash), Parthian
(Ashkanian) king (A.D. 51
-77), i. 62, 63
Vologeses II, Parthian (Ashka-
nian king), i, 19
Vologeses (Balash), king of Kir-
man, temp. Ardshfr Papa-
kdn, vi, 205
Vologeses (Balash), Shah, vii, 170
Vonones I, Parthian (Ashkdnian)
king (A.D. 8-12)
GENERAL INDEX
389
Vouru-Kasha, sea, iv, 137
\'iitra, deinon, ii, 25
Indra and, vi, 203
VulkTs-f-aiulaiuT rtlitioii uf the
Shalinania, i, 77 ; vi, Go
\V
Wahr, region, iii, 177, 228, 235
WakkAs, father of Sa'ad g.v.,
176; ix, 72, 78, 82, 90
W4Ud, Khalifa, vi, 325
Walnuts, taxes on, vii, 225
War of the Religion, v, 19, 26, 29
two campaigns of, v, 29
Warazad, king of SipanjAb, i-f6,
ii, 3^1 seq., 346
Warigh (Callinicus, KAliniyus,
q.v., Nicephorium, Rakka)
cit}, viii, 188, 253, 257,
280
Khusrau Parwiz takes up his
abode at, viii, 257
Warriors, the Seven, Story of the
Fight of, 143. ii, 25, 82,
107 seq.
Warstead = Bidad, iii, 245
Wash, city, viii, 24 and note
Water, scarcity of, i, 3
— courses, underground, i, 3
— horse, 163, vi, 373, 392
referred to, vi, 373
legend of Yazdagird and
the, vi, 392
— stealing demons, i, 7, 338
of Life, 160, v, 30 ; vi, 159,
160
Wazir (minister), piece in chess,
vii, 385, 423
position of, vii, 388, 422
move of, vii, 422
West, Dr. E. W., referred to, v,
II
West, the, Salm's portion of the
world, i, 189
gateway of, viii, 369 and
note
Western sea, the, 160, vi, 138
Whale, mistaken for an island,
vi, 71, 147
Whale, Sikandar's adventure
with a, vi, 71, 147
Wheeler, James Talboys, quoted,
vi, 81
Whip, Bahrdm Gur's, vii, 47, 54,
63. 64
object of reverence, vii, 47,
54. 63
White Castle (Mount Sipand,
q.v.), stronghold north-
west of Nishapur, 144, i,
369; ii, 118, 131, 138
Malcolm's identification
and description of, i,
236 ; V, 30
besieged by Barman, 1,
354
evacuated by Gazhdaliam
ii. 137
Div, 143. See Dfv.
Elephant,/^/. S^e Elephant.
Huns (HaitaHans, q.v.), 1, 20
Will, of Alexander the Great, vi,
81
provisions of, vi, 81, iSi
Kubad, son of Piriiz, vii, 210
Wine-drinking, forbidden by
Bahrani Gur, vii, 23
again permitted, vii, 25
Firdausi's love of. See Fir-
dausf.
Wisa, Turanian hero, uncle of
Afrasiyab, 142, i, 92, 337,
342, 353. 361, 362 ; ii, 112
354 ; iii. 79, 102, 105, 121,
197, 202, 206 ; iv, 32, 39,
50, 54. 55. 74. 84, 95. 99.
103, 113, 115, 122
pursues Karan, i, 355
finds Barman dead, i, 356
defeated by Karan, i, 357
returns to Afra.siyab, i, 357
sayings of, iv, 32
Wisagird, city in Turin, ijT, iv,
19. 20, 65 ; vii. 157, 331.
Wisdom, praise of, vii, 103
Firdausi's, I3g
referred to, vii, 278
— literature, Persian, vii, 278
seq., vni, 3
iMolil on, vii, 280
390
GENERAL INDEX
Wisdom, literature, Noldekc on,
vii, 2S1
apportionment of, viii, 202
Witch, 143, 156. See Sorceress.
Wizard-land, vii, 120 and note
Wolf, 154, 156, 165, vii, 121 seq.
and note
slain by Bahram Giir, vii,
123
of Faskiin. See Faskiin.
Women, City of, 160 See Hariim.
Wonders, 160, iv, 245
the Four, of Kaid, i^g. See
Kaid.
World, on the making of the, ijg
Worm, the, 161, vi, 195, 206, 238
seq.
Story of, 161, -vi, 196, 203
seq., 232 seq.
Mohl, Noldeke, and Dar-
mesteter on, vi, 203 seq.
cult of, vi, 235
Ardshir Papakan's strata-
gem against, vi, 242
servants of, vi, 242 seq.
Writing, art of, taught by the
divs to Tahmuras, i, 127
X
Xerxes, Persian king (B.C. 485-
465). v, 282
Asfandiyar and, v, 282
effigy of, falls, vi, 30
YAjxij and MAjiij (Gog and
Magog, q.v.), 160, vi, 79,
163 seq., 211 note
legend of, in the Kuran, vi,
78 _
Tabari on, vi, 78
described, vi, 163
Ya'kub bin Lais, Persian chieftain
and founder of the Saffari
dynasty, i, 67, 68
Ya'kubi, Arabic historian (died
A.D. 891)
Yalan-sina (Mardanshali), bro-
ther of Bahram Chubina,
viii, 74, 102, 122, 135, 138,
157, 163, 169, 204, 288,
291, 296 seq., 303, 316,
356, 337 ; ix, 6
goes hunting with Bahram
Chubina, viii, 156
pursues and brings back
archscribe viii, 159
speech of, viii, 165, 170
worsted by Khusrau Parwiz,
viii, 229
commands the centre, .-iii,
289
Bahram Chubina makes, his
mandatory, viii, 342
defeats the Turks, viii,
353
negotiates marriage between
Gurdya and Gustaham,
viii, 357
Yama. See Yima.
Yaman (Hamavaran), south-
western Arabia, 140, 160,
162, i, 181 seq., 266, 286;
ii, 80 ; iv, 146 ; v, 260 ;
vi, 73, 120, 121, 324, 331,
385. 386, 396, 401 ; vii,
262 ; viii, 98
king of = Sarv, 140, i, 178,
179, 182
Yaman, carnclians of, ii, 123 ; iii,
289
Canopus of, ii, 203 ; iii, 297 ;
vi, 382
onyx of, vi, 128
striped stuff of, vi, 175
monarch of, vi, 175 ; viii,
16
gives gifts to Sikandar,
^i. 175
= Munzir, vi, 378, 387,
390
Bahram Gur goes to, vi, 378,
390
conquered by Persians, viii,
24 note
curtains of, viii, 148, 151
Yanus (Julian), brother of Ca?sar,
162, vi, 324, 326
GENERAL IXDEX
391
Ydnus, Icatls a host against SliA-
piir, vi, 351
(kfoatcd, vi, 352
Vaslit XXII, nu'trical para-
j)lirasi' of, vii, 318
Yatkar-i-Zariran, Pahlavi text,
V, 13, 24, 27 and nole ; vii,
380'
with Daki'ki's
24 scq.
KArnimak, vi,
compared
work, V
resembles
195, 196
Yazates (Izads),
the, iii, 286
Yazd, city in central Persia, vi,
Yazdagird, son of Shapiir, Shah
(Isdigerd I), 163, 164. vi,
3 ; vii, 4, 10, log, 119,
171. 185. 359
referred to, vi, 369 ; vii,
74
Reign of, i6j, vi, 371 seq.
Note on, vi, 371 5^^.
parentage of, uncertain, vi,
371
lover of peace like Aknaton
of Egypt, vi, 371
titles of, vi, 371, 372
Tabari on, vi, 372, 373
coins of, vi, 373
evil administration of, vi,
374. 404
makes search for a governor
for his son Bahram Gur,
vi, 376 seq.
Nu'man and Munzir visit,
^'i. 377
puts Bahrim Giir in Mun-
zir's charge, vi, 378
receives from Munzir a pic-
ture of Bahrdm Giir shoot-
ing, vi, 385
Bahram Giir returns to, vi,
386
gives presents to, and sends
a letter by, Nu'mdn to
Munzir, vi, 387
disgraces Bahram Giir, \i,
389
sends JJahram Gur back to
Mun_ir, vi, 390
Yazdagird, consults the astrolo-
gers, vi, 390
death of foretold, vi, 301
attacked by bleeding of the
nose, vi, 390
death of, vi, 373, 393
Noldeke on, vi, 373
corpse of embalmed and
taken to Pars, vi, 393
Yazdagird, son of Bahrdm Giir
(Isdigerd II), Shdh, 166,
vi, 3 ; vii, 4, 152, 136, 160,
187
welcomes his father on his
return from Hind, vii,
137
apjjointed by Bahram Giir
to succeed him, vii, 150
Reign of, 166, vii, 153 seq.
Note on, vii, 153
a blank in Shahnama, vii,
153
historicallj important, vii,
153
wars of, vii, 153
fortifies passes in the Cau-
casus, vii, 153, 1 87
title of, vii, 153
sons of, vii, 153
appoints Hurmuz to suc-
ceed him, vii, 155
dies, vii, 155
Yazdagird (Isdigerd III), Shdh,
176, V, 294 ; vi, 3 ; viii,
55, 73 ; ix, 5. 61, 64 seq.,
68 seq., 72, 81, 90, loi,
105, 106, 113, 115, 116,122
Reign and Era of, 176, ix,
64
Note on, ix, 64
taken for safety to Istakhr,
ix, 64
age of, at accession, ix, 65
difficult position of, ix, 65
Yazdagird, historical importance
of reign of, ix, 65
flight of, from Ctesiphon, ix,
^7
Ihilwan, ix, 68
last attempt of, to recover
his empire, ix, 68
392
GENERAL INDEX
Yazdagird, concentrates his
forces atNahavand, ix, 68
defeated and a fugitive, ix,
6f)
death of, referred to, ix, 69
host returns to, after Kadi-
siya, ix, 85
hears of Rustam's death, ix,
85
quits Baghdad, ix, 88
makes for Marv, ix, 8g
entrusted to Mahwi by
Farrukhzad, ix, 95, 96
at Marv, ix, 97, 116
hears of tlie coming of the
Turks, ix, 97
betrayed by Mahwi, ix, 98
defeated, ix, 98, 116
miller and, ix, 99 seq.
described, ix, 99, loi
Mah\vi bids miller slay, ix,
107, 116
slain, stripped and flung into
stream, ix, 108, 109 and
note
corpse of, recovered, la-
mented over and en-
tombed, ix, 109 seq.
Firdausi on, ix, iii
Yazdagird, chief scribe, temp.
Nushirwan, vii, 304, 307,
312, 333, 337, 339, 39 +
discourse of, vii, 305
questions Biizurjmihr, vii,
308
Yazdan, viii, 75
Yazdanbakhsh (Ayin Gashasp
q.v.), viii, 75, 76
Yazdin, viii, 195, 196
Year, New, festival at, i, 104
Yima (Yama, Jamshid), i, 7,
130, 374
legend of, i, 129
Yokel, a, 164
entertains Bahrdm Gur, vii,
43 seq.
wife of, her converse with
Bahram Gur, vii, 45
presage of, vii, 46
rewarded by Bahram Giir,
vii, 48
Youths, two, bid Ardshir Papa-
kin not to tarry in his
flight from Ardawan, vi,
201, 222
Youths, two', entertain and coun-
sel Ardshir Papakan in
the matter of the Worm,
vi, 207, 239 seq.
help Ardshir Papakan to
slay the Worm, vi, 242,
244
Yudhishthira, eldest of the five
Pandavas, iv, 138
renunciation of the world,
and ])ilgrimagc to heaven
of, compared with that of
Kai Khnsrau, iv, 138
Yunan, vi, 95 and note, viii, 258
Faith of, vi, 95
Z
Zab, lesser, tributary of Tigris,
viii, 189
Zabul, ZabuIistan=Nimruz =
Sistan, ^ 141, 142, 144,
156 ; i, 248, 252, 254, 264,
282, 324, 332, 357, 361,
364, 366, 367, 371, 375,
381 ; ii, 21, 28, 42, 61,
83, 92, 126, 138, 141, 142,
156, 168, 227, 228, 245,
260, 338, 362, 363, ; iii,
14, 134, 141, 145, 153, 165,
171, 174, 175, 186, 190,
199, 200, 202, 206 seq., 217
246, 250, 269, 274, 321,
326, 342, 347, 354, 356 ;
iv, 147, 279,283,296, 311;
V, 85, 86, 167, 169 seq.,
173, ^75 seq., 181 seq.,
193. 194. 212, 215, 219,
223, 224, 235. 248, 251,
252, 255, 256, 258, 265,
266, 273, 275 seq., 281,
283, 285 seq. ; vi, 207 ;
vii, 173, 174, 193; viii,
369 ; ix, 75
invaded by Shamasas and
Khazarwan, i, 345, 358
' Not the same apparently as those above.
• See p, 333 note.
GENERAL IXDEX
303
ZAbul, vintage of, ii, no
occupied by tlic Turk mans,
i, 19 ; iii, 14, 30
C"iusht<is|> goes to, v, 85
Moon of=Kudaba, v, 190
and note
called " Babblcstead " b>
Asfandiyar, v, 216
Bahman's sojourn in, v, 252,
256
pillaged by Bahman, v, 287
Bahman quits, v, 290
Zabuli, a native of Zabul, iii,
188,201,257,326; V, 212
a, made king of Kabul, v,
277
Zad Farrukh, suggests Bahrain
Chiibina to Hurmuzd,
viii, 99
speech of, viii, 241
Zadsham, king of Tiiran and
grandfather of Afrasiy4b,i,
92, 342 seq.. 376 ; iv, 149,
163. 166, 203
ofifspring of =Afrasiyab, iv,
178
Zagros, mountain-range in wes-
tern fran, viii, 189
Zahhak (Azhi Dahaka), son of
Mardis, Arab king and
Shah, 140, 141 ; i, 42, 90,
91 ; ii. 33, 81, 318 ; iii,
257 ; iv. 89, 206, 272, 274,
290 ; V. 12, 180, 203, 204,
284 ; vi, 15, 45, 172, 209,
240 and note ; vii, 185,
199; viii, 218, 239, 241,
387. 391 ; i-^. -5. 65,
103
protagonist of idolatry and
of the Semitic race, i, 54,
143, 226, 256
one of the Zoroastrian triad
of evil, i, 59 and note
referred to by Moses of Cho-
rene, i, 72, 144
Story of, 140, i, 135 seq.
tempted by Iblis, i, 136 seq.
father of, 140
murdered by, i, 137
referred to, viii, 387
Zahhdk, becomes king of the
Arabs, i, 137
serpents grow out of tiie
shoulders <jf, i, I3<j
Iblis' advice to, i, 139
invades frAn, i, 139
captures and slays Jamshid,
i, 140
Reign of, 140, i, 141, seq.
Note on, i, 141, seq.
not destroyed, i, 143
feast in celebration of over-
throw of, i, 143
dream of, i, 147
Arnawaz' advice to, con-
cerning, i, 148
takes counsel with the archi-
magcs, i, 149
warned by Zirak, i, 149
seeks for Faridiin, i, 150
slays Abtin, i, 151, 153
iiirmaya, i, 152
burns Fandiin's palace, i,
152, 158
K4wa and. Story of, 140, i,
154 seq.
K4wa revolts against, i, 156
Faridiin resolves to war
with, i, 157
marches against, i, 159
capital of, i, 161
entered by Faridiin, i, 161
talisman of, overthrown by
Faridiin, i, i6i
sought for in vain by Fari-
diin, i, 162
minister of, 140, i, 164 seq.
hears from Kundrav of Fari-
' diin's doings, i, 165
goes to fight with Faridiin,
i, 166
enters his palace, i, 167
overthrown by Faridiin, i,
168
Sunish's counsel to Faridiin
concerning, i, 1O8, 169
fettered to Mount Damd-
wand, i, 1O9
future final destruction of,
J. 173
saying of, ii, 171 and note
394
GENERAL INDEX
Zahhak, an Aryan myth, ix, 65
king of Babylon, ix, 65
an Arab, ix, 65
Zahi'r, Iranian hero, iv, 14.S
commands the Bedouins in
Kai Khusrau's army, iv,
148
Zainig'u, Zaini'gav, ii, 81
Zairi-vairi (Zariadres, Zarir, q.v.),
iv, 316 ; V, 12
Zal (Dastan, Dastan-i-Sam, Das-
tan-i-Zand, Zal-i-zai), son
of Sam and father of
Rustam, 141, 142, 15J,
154. 156, 157 ; h 145. -235,
384, 387 ; ii, 4, II seq.,
18, 19, 21, 33 seq., 49, 58,
61, 62, 69, 77, 140, 168,
169, 180, 182, 227, 228,
271, 286, 290, 318, 319,
338, 362, 371 ; iii, 8, 17,
18, 21, 22, 35, 121, 132,
138, 141, 147, 190, 202,
221, 245, 269, 274, 279,
283, 307, 321, 322, 325,
328, 331, 347. 351. 354.
355 ; iv, 13. 147.222,251,
277. 319 ; V, II, 14, 15.
58, 86, 169, 173 seq., 197,
200, 204, 210, 212, 219
seq., 231, 240 seq., 246,
255, 256, 261, 277 seq.,
281, 283, 290; vi, 79;
viii, 223 ; ix, 25
vaiious names of, i, 84, 245
and note, 248 and note
born with white hair, i,
240
cast away by Sam, i, 241
found and brought up by
the Simurgh, i, 242
seen by a caravan, i,
242
informed of his parentage by
the Simurgh, i, 245
given a feather by the
Simurgh, i, 246
restored to Sam by the
Simurgh, i, 247
goes with Sam to court, i,
249
Zal, horoscope of, taken, i, 251
made regent of Zabul by
Sam, i, 253
progress of, in the arts, i, 255
makes a progress through
his realm, i, 256
Riidaba and, story of, i, 257
seq.
referred to, iii, 285
hears of, and falls in love
with Mihrab's daughter,
i, 257 seq.
described, i, 260, 268
sees Riidaba's handmaids,
i, 263
interview of, with Riidaba's
handmaids, i, 266
invited to visit Riidaba, i,
267, 269
goes to Riidaba, i , 270 seq.
plights his troth to Riidaba,
i, 272
consults the archimages on
the matter of Riidaba, i,
273
writes to Sam, i, 275
go-between of, with Riidaba,
i, 280
sends Sam's letter to Rii-
daba, i, 280
goes to plead his cause with
Sam, i, 292
bears a letter of appeal from
Sam to Miniichihr, i, 295
well received by Minii-
chihr i, 306
astrologer's presage con-
cerning, i, 307
questioned by the arch-
images, i, 308
answers the archimages, i,
309
displays his accomplishment
before Miniichihr, i, 311
returns to Sam, i, 316
goes with Sam to Kabul, i,
317
felicitated by Sam, i, 318
married to Riidaba, i, 318
and Riidaba go to Sistin, i,
319
GENERAL IXDI-X
305
Zal, left regent of Sistdn by S4m'
i. 3>y
siiiuiuoiis tlic Si'murgh to
succour Kiulaba, i, 320
goes with Rustam and Mih-
rdb to meet Sam, i, 324
bids Rustam take Mount
SijKind, i, 329
hears of Rustam's success,
i. 33^
bids Rustam destroy the
hold of Mount Sipand, i,
333
informs Sam of Rustam's
exploit, i, 334
buries Sam, i, 358
hears from Mihrdb that
Shamasas and Khazar-
wan are invading Zabu-
listan, i, 359
goes to the help of Mihrdb,
i. 359
shoots arrows into the ene-
mies' camp, i, 359
slays Khazarwan, i, 360
wounds Kulbad, i, 361
puts Shamasas to flight, i,
361
hears of the death of
Naudar, i, 364
fights with Afrasiyab, i,
368
proposes the election of a
new Shah, i, 370
reproached by the frin-
ians, i, 375
reply of, i, 375
bids Rustam prepare for
war, i, 376
gives Sam's mace to Rus-
tam, i, 378
collects horses for Rustam,
i. 37«
marches against AfrAsiydb,
i, 3«i
urges the frcinians to choose
a Shah, i, 381
sends Rustam to summon
Kai Kubid. i. 382
goes to do homage to Kai
Khusrau, iii, 1 7
Zal, witnesses Kai Khusrau 's
oath to avenge Siydwush,
iii, 22
son of = Rustam, iii, 132
meets Giv, iii, ^^ i
sayings of, iii, 316, 351
sumnjoned by the franians
to remonstrate with Kai
Khusrau, iv, 278
sets out for fran with Rus-
tam and sages, iv, 279
met on arrival by Gudarz
and other chiefs, iv, 282
holds converse with the
Iranians, iv, 282
audience of, with Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 283 seq.
asks pardon of Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 290
holds, with other chiefs, at
the bidding of Kai Khus-
rau, an assembly on the
plain, iv, 291 seq.
Kai Khusrau's gift to, iv,
-295
companions of, rewarded by
Kai Khusrau, i^', 297
returns thanks, iv, 298
protests against Luhrasp's
succession, iv, 301
acknowledges Luhrasp as
Shah, iv, 302
sets out with Kai Khusrau
on his pilgrimage, iv,
306
turns back at the bidding of
Kai Khusrau, iv, 307
laments the loss of the pala-
dins and returns to Iran,
iv. 310
promises fealty to Luhrisp,
iv, 311
Rustam and, welcome Gush-
tasp to Sistan, v, 85
hears of Bahman's ap-
proach, V, 182
interview of, with Bahman,
V, 1S3
give Bahman a guide to
conduct him to Rustam,
V, 184
396
GENERAL INDEX
Zal, Riklaba and, l)i(l(len by
Rustam to prepare to
receive Asfandiyar, v, 190
Rustam recounts his inter-
view with Asfandiyar to,
V, 196
Rustam and, vilified by
Asfandiyar, v, 201
receives a message from
Rustam by Zawara, v,
230
grieves over Rustam 's
wounds, V, 234
summons the Simurgh to
Rustam's aid, v, 235
goes to Rustam and Asfan-
diyar, V, 247
forebodes Rustam's future,
V, 247
father of Shaghad, v, 260,
263
sends Shaghad to be brought
np at Kabul, v, 264
laments for Rustam, v, 273
sends Faramarz against
Kabul, V, 274
bids Riidaba to cease to
mourn for Rustam, v,
278
receives and replies to Bah-
man's hostile message, v,
285
goes to meet Bahman, v,
286
palace of, sacked, v, 286
Bishutan intercedes for, v,
288
released and returns to his
palace, v, 289
Zal-i-zar (Zal, q.v.), i, 84, 248 and
note
Zam (now Karkhi), town on the
left bank of the Oxus
beween Amwi (Charjui)
and Tirmid, where, there
was a crossing-place, ii,
394. 395 ; iv, 65. i57 ; vii,
359
= Oxus, ii, 97
Zamyad, Yasht, i, 338
Zamzam, iv, 258 note
Zand, comment, i, 65
Zandavasta, i, 116, 129, 144, 171
seq.. 234, 337, 338, 369;
ii, 8, 25 seq., 81, 118, 189,
190 ; iii, 8 ; iv, 151, 228,
253, 259, 308 ; V, II seq.,
30, 36, 41, 43, 51, 82, 85,
100, 173, 176, 216, 241,
294. 299. 309 ; vi, 17. 55,
226, 252, 343, 356 ; vii,
200, 207, 283, 302 ; viii,
96, 246, 283, 312
traditional origin of, i, 61
discussed, i, 62
language of, i, 63 seq.
meaning of, i, 65
origin of chief characters in,
i, 65
diffusion of traditions in, i,
extant portions of, i, 70
note
quoted, i, 99, 130, 141, 142,
17-i. 235, 369; viii, 218,
240
sent by Gushtasp to every
clime, V, 77
burnt by the Turkmans at
Balkh, V, 92
passage from, metrically
paraphrased, vii, 318
Zanga. Iranian hero, 145, 151,
ii. 73. 90. 228, 249, 271,
31S ; iii, 20, 34, 43. 45,
48, 67, 92, 115, 350 ; iv,
13. 15. 24, 105, 147
takes part in the Fight of
the Seven Warriors, ii,
107 seq.
accompanies S i y a w u s h
against Afrasiyab, ii,
226
sent on an embassy to Afra-
siyab, ii, 250 seq.
goes with Rustam to rescue
Bizhan, iii, 334
opposes Farsliidward, iv,
83
chosen to fight Akhast, iv,
97
slays Akhdst, iv, 106
GENERAL INDEX
397
Zanga, Kai Klmsrau remon-
stratod with by, and
other nobles, lor refusing
audience, iv, 275
Zangula or Zangula, Tiirdnian
hero, 151, iv, 26
chosen to fight with Furii-
hil, iv, 97
slain by Furiihil, iv, 101
Zarang, former capital of Sistcin,
situated some twenty
miles from the north-
eastern shores of Lake
Zirih, i, 4
Zarar, vi, 200
Zarasp, son of Miniichihr, i, 248 ;
iv, 147 (?)•
kindred of ', go to the
temple of Azargashasp,
iv, 270
go to meet Zk\ and Rus-
tam, iv, 2S2
go with Zarir to Rum, iv,
360
Zarasp or Zarasp, son of Tiis, 14^,
iii, 24, 54, 57, 59, 60, 67,
72, 113, 114 ; iv, 135
goes against Fariid, iii, 53
referred to, iii, 55; iv, 149
burial of, iii, 68
Zarzisp, treasurer of Kai Khus-
rau, iv, 269
makes gifts to Azargashasp,
iv, 269
Zarasp, franian hero, iv, 180, 301
Zarathustra, Zarathushtra. See
Zarduhsht.
Zarduhsht (Zarathushtra, Zoro-
aster), prophet, law-giver,
and evangelist of ancient
frdn, 755, i, 53, 116, 235,
236 ; ii, 8, 9 ; iv, 272 ;
v, 9 seq., 23 seq., 27, 28,
42, 51, 77, 173, 206, 216,.
217, 241, 255 ; vi, 55.252,
328; \ii, 9, 207,264,318;
viii, 67, 213, 308
Zandavasta revealed to, i, 61
title of a line of priest-
princes, i, 61 •
'!(■!> not clear whi
Zurduhsht, account of, i, 02
meaning of, v, 13
legend of, v, 14 seq.
converts Gushtasp, v, 18,
33
success of evangel of, v, 34
plants the Cypress of Kish-
mar,, v, 27, 34
advises Gushtasp not to jjay
tribute to Arjdsp, v, 35
referred to, v, 36, 38, 41
slain at Balkh, v, 92, 93
amulet given to Asfandiy^r
by, v, 130
religion of, under the Sds4-
nian empire, vi, 251
girdle of, v, 16 ; vi, 332 riole.
Fire-fane of, vii, 139
high priest of, converts
Sapimid, vii, 139
saying of, viii, 218, 240
Zarduhsht, high priest, 170, viii,
81
visits fzid Gashasp in prison,
viii, 82
visit of, reported to Hur-
muzd, viii, S3
poisoned by Hurmuzd, viii,
83 seq.
Zariadres (Zairi-vairi, Zarir, q.v.),
v, 26
legend of, iv, 314 seq.
Zarir (Zariadres, Zairi-vairi),
brother of Shah Gushtdsp,
^54, 155. i. 42 ; ii, 3 ; ; iv,
315. 316, 318, 347; v, 12,
13, 24 seq., 37, 41 seq., 49
seq., 60 seq., 73, 94, 109,
169, 181, 193, 254, 261
sent by Luhrasp in pursuit
of Gushtasp, iv, 320
charger of, iv, 321
returns with Gushtasp, iv,
322
consulted by Luhrasp, iv,
323. 35S
advises Luhrdsp, iv, 358
goes with other chiefs on a
mission to Rum, iv, 359
reaches Halab, iv, 360
ich Zarasp is inttndcd,
398
GENERAL INDEX
Zarir entrusts the host to
Bahram, iv, 360
goes to Caesar's court, iv, 360
audience with Caesar of, and
recognition of Gushtasp
by, iv, 360
gives Luhrasp's answer to
Caesar, iv, 361
visited in his camp by Gush-
tasp, iv, 361
informs Gushtasp of Luh-
rasp's abdication in his
favour, iv, 362
Love-story of, v, 26, 27
Death-story of v, 26, 27
converted by Zarduhsht, v,
33
answers, in conjunction with
Asfandiyar and Jamasp,
Arjasp's letter, v, 42
death of, foretold by Jam-
asp, V, 51
receives the standard and
the command of the cen-
tre from Gushtasp, v, 55
prowess of, v, 61 seq.
slain by Bidirafsh, v, 63
Zarir-nama, v, 26, 27
Zark, town south-east of Marv,
ix, 98
canal of, ix, 98
corpse of Yazdagird flung
into, ix, 109
recovered from, ix, 109
ford and toll-house of, ix,
100 and note
chief of, ix, 100
hears from miller about
Yazdagird, ix, 109
Zarmihr. See Kizmihr.
Zarniish, city in Khiizistan, vi, 35
Zartusht Bahram Pazdhii,
author of the Zartusht-
nama, v, 18
Zartusht-nama, poem, v, 18
Zav, Shah, 142, 143, i, go, 91,
381 ; ii, II, 36 ; iv, 283
Reign of, 142, i, 369 scq.
Note on, i, 369
mentioned in the Zanda-
vasta, i, 369
Zav, accession of, i, 370
drought and famine in tlie
time of, i, 371
concludes peace with the
Turkmans, i, 371
dies, i, 372
Zawara, brother of Rustam, 146,
157. ii. 4. 96, 228, 347,
349 ; iii, 30, 202, 325,
328 ; iv, 24, 34 ; v, 173,
174, 182 seq., 187, 191,
231, 260, 261
engaged in the Fight of the
Seven Warriors, ii, no
seq.
worsted by Alkiis, ii, 115
rescued by Rustam, ii, 115
made leader of Rustam 's
host, ii, 142
left in charge of Rustam's
host, ii, 161
goes on embassy to Human,
ii, 176
safe-conducts Hunicin from
fran, ii, 176, 181, 182
incites Rustam to avenge
Siyawush, ii, 360
given a command, iv, 149
goes with Rustam to the
right wing, iv, 180
referred to, v, 186, 228,
261
Faramarz and, sent by Rus-
tam to bid Zal and
Riidaba prepare to re-
ceive Asfandiyar, v, igo
brings Rustam's armour, v,
218
put in charge of the troops,
V, 222
goes with Rustam to the
Hirmund, v, 222
Rustam's instructions to, v,
222
provokes the Iranians 1 o
combat, v, 225
slays Niish Azar, v, 227
goes in quest of Rustam, v,
230
takes from Rustam a mess-
age for Zdl, V, 230
GEN ERA 1. ISDHX
399
Zawara, grifvcs over Rustani's
wounds, V, 234
goes to Rustain and Asfan-
diyar, v, 2.\-j
warns Riistam against Bah-
nian, v, 230
Rustam and, with small
escort, goto Kahtil, v, 268
goes hunting with Rustam,
V, 270
falls a victim to treachery,
V, 270, 273
death of, V, 273
body of, taken from the pit
by Faramarz, and buried
V, 275
Zend, language, i, 64
improper use of term, i, 64
Zeus, Babylonian, vi, 22
oracle of, consulted, vi, 22
Zhanda Razm, maternal uncle of
Suhrab, 144, ii, 149, 151
accompanies Suhrab to Iran,
ii, 150
death of, ii, 150
referred to, ii, 160
Zhangwi, Turkman noble, viii,
331
Zib-i-Khusrau (Riimiya, qv.),
city, i6y, vii, 259
Zijanak, daughter of Ardawan,
q.v., 161, vi, 255
Story of, in Karnamak, vi,
255
Tabari, vi, 255
Shdhnama, vi, 259 seq.
Zinfgav, ii, 81
Zira, father of Gurwi, 152, ii, 295,
314 ; iii, 120, 197, 199 ; iv.
97. W, 127, 219 ; V, 272
Zirak, an archimage, i, 150
warns Zahhak, i, 149
Zirih, sea or lake, i, 4 ; ii, 80 ; iv,
130
the Lake of Sistan, i, iv ; ii,
80
Zirih, son of Shah I'iriiz, vii, 170
Zodiac, viii, 394
Zoroaster. See Zarduhsht.
Zoroastrian, Zoroastrians, v, 17;
vi, 206, 251, 328
Zoroastrian, cosmogony, i, 5
view of Buddhism as idola-
trous, i, 16
conception of destiny, i, 52
propaganda, i, 58 scq.
triad of evil, i, 59 and note
scriptures. See Zandavasta.
calendar, i, 88
adopted by Darius Hys-
taspis, i, 59
Zoroastrianism, i, 49 ; vi, 15, 196,
251. 252, 327, 328 ; vii,
188, 317
conceptions of, i, 5, 51. 5.2
original seat of, i, 56 seq.,
62
becomes tlie state religion,
i. 59
declines after Alexander's
conquest, i, 60
scriptures of. See Zanda-
vasta.
under the Parthians, i, 60,
63
revival of, i, 63
based on nature-worship, i,
116
existed before Zoroaster, i,
116
under the Sisanian empire,
vi, 251
millenia of, vi, 252
Zii'l Aktaf, title of Shdpi'ir, son
of Urmuzd, 162, vi, 323
meaning of, vi, 323
Zu'lfakar, ii, 337 and note
Zu'1-karnain (Sikandar, Alex-
ander the Great), vi, 51
legend of, in Kur^n, vi, 78,
84
barrier of, vi, 78
site of, vi, 79
Ziir. See Giir.
Ziiran, NiishirwAn's chamber-
lain, 16S
envies Mahbud, vii, 319
plots with a Jew against
Mahbud, vii, 320 seq.
makes confession to Niishir-
w4n. vii, 324
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