A
SHAKESPEARE
GLOSSARY
BY
C. T. ONIONS
M.A. LONDON ; OF THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONAJIY
OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1911
PR
0(^
HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBUBGH, NEW YORK
TORONTO AND MKLBODRNE
PEEFACE
The steady advance towards completion of the great Oxford
English Dictionary has made it possible for the Delegates of
the Clarendon Press to authorize the preparation and issue
of this book, which is primarily the outcome of an analysis
of Shakespeare's vocabulary conducted in the light of the
results published in the Dictionary. The application of these
results to the making of a glossary to a single author, if it is to
have an independent value and to be true to the facts, must not
be a mere mechanical transference of definitions and classifica-
tions of meanings such as an industrious compiler might make
with small expenditure of time and labour. Such a work as is
here attempted is one of difficulty and delicacy, and there are
pitfalls even for the expert ; but, relying upon a fifteen years'
experience on the editorial staff of the Dictionary, I have
allowed myself a wide freedom of adaptation, and trust at the
same time to have escaped such errors as would be almost
inevitable if a task of this kind were undertaken by one wlio
knew the great book only from the outside and had no adequate
training in lexicographical method.
The aim of the Shakespeare glossary now presented to the
reader is to supply definitions and illustrations of words or
senses of words now obsolete or surviving only in provincial
or archaic use, together with explanations of others involving
allusions not generally familiar, and of proper names carrying
Avith them some connotative signification or offering special
interest or difficulty in the passages in which they occur.
Senses still current in general literature have also been occa-
sionally illustrated, chiefly where there is contextual obscurity,
or where it seemed desirable, for one reason or another, to give
a complete conspectus of a word that has many ramifications of
meaning. Words of this last class have received very diverse
treatment according to the circumstances of their usage ; but
a feature common to the greater number of them is the intro-
duction of the scheme of meanings by a statement indicating
iv PREFACE
how far Shakespeare's uses are those of his contemporaries or
are peculiar to him, what senses are first exemplified— as far as
present evidence shows — in his works or in those of Elizabethan
writers generally, what is the relative fret^uency of the various
senses, or supplying information of a more general character as
to their status or origin. The elucidation of idiom, the definition
of colloquial phrases, and the detailed illustration of specialized
uses of pronouns and of the so-called particles, are points on which
I have bestowed much care. I have throughout recorded any
important readings and spellings of the original folio and quarto
editions, as well as conjectural emendations, even when these
are certainly wrong, as is the case with Pope's widely accepted
marisli. It is hoped that this information as to variant readings
will enable the student to take his first steps in textual
criticism, and will give him an insight into the problems that
have to be solved in establishing the text. I have also made it
a i^art of my plan to bring together evidence to shoAV the relation
of the poet's vocabulary to that of the dialects of the midland
area, and in particular the dialect of his own county, Warwick-
shire. Interesting, and here and there entirely fresh, information
on this head will be found under the words halloic, Basimccu,
hatld, hloocl-holterd, bum-haily, cJtop, door, elder-gun, father ., galloiv,
(jcclc, groio to (p. 256), honeij-stcdJcs, line s]>.', moUed, vinss, ixtslt,
Ijotch, sheep, sight, soiled, tarrc, vails, ichccl. Among articles in
which non-midland dialects have been drawn upon to illus-
trate the status or interpretation of a word may he mentioned
dispttrse, handsaw, overscutchcd, side vb. In one noteworthy
instance — that of minnicJc or minnocl' — a collation of dialect
evidence has led to the tentative restoration of a word which
has been almost universally excluded from the text since the
time of Johnson, who regarded it as a genuine word and the
right reading. Another special feature of this glossary is that
it includes obsolete or technical terms that occur only in stage
directions, for example sennet. The common view has been
that these form no part of what Shakespeare wrote, but their
appearance in the oldest editions of the plays seemed to me
sufficient ground for treating tiiem here.
PREFACE
One who enters at this time of day upon so well worked
a field of investigation as the language of Shakespeare can hope
to do little more in the direction of novelty or originality than
present a compamtively few points with a greater degree of
clearness or certainty than has been achieved by his many pre-
decessors. The following articles in the present book may,
however, be referred to as recording words or facts about words
that have been either ignored or imperfectly explained by many
pi'evions glossarists : — ci-lifc, enew (a palmary emendation of
Keightley's), great-helly and thln-heUy doublet, minnicJc (referred to
above), relish ( = to warble), salt rheum, the verb sol-fa, washing
( = swashing). A long list might be given of words concerning
which I have been able to supply information not usually
accessible in books of this kind, or to bring forward suggestions
to some extent new, bearing upon a textual question or an
interpretation ; the following are selected as typical : — accommo-
dation, alarm alarum, Arthurs show, bloat, the two participial
adjectives compact, the two adjectives dear, dismal, foregone
conclusion, green fields (see field), holy-ale, hue, humour, inn, Lethe,
metal mettle, nonce, ordinate, Provincial rose, lioman hand, the
adjective royal, Salique, scrowl, spright sprite, steppe, thrce-man-song-
men, tidy, token, tract, the verb trash, travail travel, unbraided,
vale, tceird sisters, ichinid'st, ivilful-blame, tvorldly, icot.
This glossary contains considerably more matter than any
other select glossary of similar scope, and it is expected that
many who glance over its pages will express the opinion that
it takes in more than is necessary for the guidance of a reader
of average literary knowledge ; but a careful examination
made with a view to ascertaining what i^roportion of the
vocabulary here dealt with can be truly described as present-day
English will prove such a criticism to be ill-founded. And hei-e
it may not be out of place to suggest a method of study to the
serious student to whom an accurate and even minute know-
ledge of the meaning of the poet's words is no bar to the enjoy-
ment of his poetry. He will do well from time to time to
examine the articles in the glossary, especially the longer ones
and those concerned with words of Latin origin, apart from the
PREFACE
reading of any Shakespearian text ; he will in this way discover
how much he is in danger of missing or misunderstanding, and
will gradually acquire that attitude of alertness which is essen-
tial to the appreciation of the richness and subtlety of Eliza-
bethan English.
To make a selection of words and meanings that should
satisfy all, and to carry out their illustration in a perfectly
consistent manner, would be alike impossible, even with an
expenditure of double the time that has been given to the
present book, the compilation of which has occupied the full
working days of a year and a half. It is hoped, however, that
the oversights and inconsistencies inevitable in a book which,
although of slender dimensions, comprises close upon ten
thousand separate articles, will not prove to be so numerous or
so serious as to impair its general accuracy and usefulness.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Of the lexical works devoted to Shakespeare I am chiefly
indebted to Schmidt's Shakespeare-Lexicon and Bartlett's Con-
cordance. For textual matters the Cambridge Shakespeare has
of course been indispensable. The commentaries from which
I have derived the greatest help are those of the Clarendon
Press series of select plays, edited by W. Aldis Wright and
W. G. Clark, and those of the Arden Shakespeare, of which the
volumes by the late H. C. Hart must be specially mentioned for
the wealth of illustrative quotation which is distributed among
the notes. In investigating technical terms I have had
recourse as far as possible to treatises of the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries ; but I have frequently turned with
advantage to Rushton's ShaT{€sj)carc a Laivycr, and Shalccspearc
and 3Iusic by Dr. E. W. Naylor, who has kindly allowed me to
consult him on some musical difficulties.
In the preparation of material and the verification of refer-
ences I have been assisted throughout by Mr. J. W. Birt, of the
staff of the Oxford English Dictionary.
C. T. O.
May, 1911.
§ 1. SHAKESPEARIAN EDITORS, COMMENTATORS,
AND CRITICS.
Campbell (Thomas) 1777-1844 ; td.
1838.
Capell (Edward) 1713-81 ; ed. 1 768.
Chalmers (Alexander) 1759-1834;
ed. 1805.
Clark (W. G.), Glover (J.), and
Wright (W. A.) ; ed. 1863-6 [tlie
Cambridge Shakespeare], reissued
189J-3.
Clark (W. G. and Wright (W. A.);
ed. 1866 [the Globe edition] ;
1868, &c. [select plays. Clarendon
Press series].
Clarke (Charles and Mary Cowden ;
ed. 1860, 1864.
Collier (John Payne) 1789-1883 ;
ed. 1844.
Craig (William James) died 1906 ;
ed. 1892 [the Oxford Shake-
speare].
Delius (Nicolaus) ; ed. 1854 ; 1877
[the Leopold Shakespeare].
DowDEN (Edward) living; ed. plays
in the Arden Shakespeare; poems
1903.
Dyce (Alexander) 1798-1869; ed.
1857.
Farmer (Richard) 1735-97.
FuRNESs (Horace Howard) sin. and
jun.; ed. 1871, &c.
Halliwell (James Orchard) 1820-
89; ed. 1851-3.
Hanmer (Sir Thomas) 1677-1746;
ed. 1743-4.
Harness (William) 1790-1869; ed.
1825.
Hart (H. Chichester) died 1908 ;
ed. plays in the Arden Shake-
speare.
Heath (Benjamin) 1704-66.
Hudson (Henry Norman) 1814-86;
ed. 1851-6.
Johnson (Samuel) 1691-1773; ed.
1 765.
Keightley (Thomas) 1789-1872;
ed. 1865.
Knight (Charles) 1791-1873; ed,
1839-42, 1867.
Malone (Edmund) 1741-1812 ; ed.
1790 ; edited by James Boswellthe
younger 1821 [the third variorum
edition].
Nares (Robert) 1753-1829.
Pope (Alexander) 1688-1744 ; ed.
1725.
Reed (Isaac) 1742-1807; ed. 1785 ;
1803 [the first variorum edition] ;
1813 with notes by Malone [the
second variorum].
RoLFE (William James) ; ed. 1871-
96 [the Friendly edition].
RowE (Nicholas) 1674-1718; ed.
1709.
Schmidt (Alexander) 1816-87 ;
Shakespeare-Lexicon 1874-5,
1886; 1902.
Singer (Samuel Weller) 1783-1858;
ed. 1826.
Spedding (James) 1808-81.
Staunton (Howard) 1810-74 ;
1858-60.
Steevens (George) 1736-1800;
with Johnson 1773.
Theobald (Lewis) 1688-1744;
173.3.
Walker (William Sidney) 1795-
1846.
Warburton (William) 1698-1779;
ed. 1747.
White (Richard Grant,- 1821-86;
ed. 1857-9, 1883.
Wright (W. Aldis) : see Clark.
Wyndham fGeorge) living; ed.
poems 1S98.
ed.
ed.
ed.
§ 2. AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED.
Ascham (Roger) 1515-68 ; Toxo-
philus [treatise on archerv]
1545.
Bacon (Sir Francis) 1561-1626.
Bailey (Nathaniel) died 1742 ; An
Universal Etymological Englisli
Dictionary 1721, &c.
Baret (John) died 1580 (?) ; An
Alvearie or triple Dictionarie,
in Englishe, Latin, and French
1573 ; An Alvearie or quadruple
dictionarie, containing foure
sundrie tongues, English, Latine,
Greeke, and French 1580.
AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED
Bloumt (Thomas) 1618-79 ; Glosso-
grapliia ; or a Dictionary inter-
preting all such hard words, of
whatsoever language, now used
in our refined English tongue
165C. 1661, l(3~i,&.c.;'Sofj.o-A(^iKoi':
a Law- Dictionary 1670, 1691.
Blundeville i^Thonias); The Art of
Riding [with] The Order of Cur-
ing Horses diseases 1580.
BoRDE (Andrew) died 1549 ; A com-
pendyous Kegynient or Dyetary
of Helth 1542.
BoTONEK or Worcester (William^)
1415-82 (?^; Itinerarium.
Bourne (William) died 1583 ; A
Regiment for the Sea : conteyn-
ing most profitable rules ... of
navigation 1574.
Breton ; Nicholas) 1546 vV)-1626(? .
Browne (Sir Thomasi 1605-82.
Caxton (William) died 1491.
Chapman (George) 1659 ('?)-1634.
Chaucer ;^Geoifrey) died 1400.
CoKEi^Sir Edward 1552-1634 ; The
First Part of the Institvtes of the
Lawes of England 1628.
Constitutions and Canons Ecclesias-
ticall 1604.
Copley (Anthony) 1567-1607 (?) ; A
Fig for Fortune 1596,
CoTGRAVE (Randle) died 1634 (Vj ;
A Dictionarie of the French and
English Tongues 1611 [cited as
Cotgr.]; (anot her edition) Where -
unto is also annexed, a diction-
arie of the English set before the
French by S[herwood] 1632 [cited
as Sherwood].
Coverdale ("Miles) translator of the
Bible 1488-1568.
CowELL (John) 1554-161J ; The
Interpreter ; or Booke containing
the signification of Words . , .
mentioned in the Lawe-writei-s or
Statutes 1607.
CuDWORTH (Ralph) 1617-88.
Daniel (Samuel) 1562-1619.
Day (John) ; The He of Gvls 1606.
Dictionary (A New) of the Terms
Ancient and Modern of the Cant-
ing Crew. By B. E. Gent, aliout
1700.
Douglas (Gawin"^^ died 1522.
Drayton (Michael) 1563-1631 ; The
Moone-Calfe 1627; Dowsabel 1593.
Dryden (John) 1631-1700.
Dymmok (John) ; A Treatice of Ire-
land, about 1600.
Elyot (Sir Thomas) died 1546 ;
The Dictionary of syr Thomas
Eliot knyght 1538.
Evans (A. B. and S.); Leicestershire
Words, Phrases and Proverbs
1881.
Fletcher (John) 1579-1625 ; The
Woman hater 1607 ; The Spanish
Curate, about 1622.
Florio (Jolm) died 1625 ; A Worlde
of Wordes, or most copious and
exact Dictionarie in Italian and
Englishl598, (enlarged ed.) 1611.
FoxE (John) 1516-87 ; Actes and
Monuments of these latter and
perillous dayes 1563, 1570, &c.
[known as' The Book of Martyrs '].
Fuller (Thomas) 1608-61 ; ' The
Church-History of Britain 1655.
Gascoigne (George) died 1577 ;
The delectable history of Dan
Bartholomew of Bath 1572-5.
Gerarde (John) 1545-1612; The
Herball, or generall liistorie of
plantes 1597.
GoLDiNO (Arthur) died 1605 (?) ;
The XV. Bookes of P. Ovidius Naso
entytuled Metamorphosis, trans-
lated oute of Latin into English
meeter 1567.
Greene (Robert) died 1592 ; The
Scottish Historie of James the
fourth.
GuiLLiM (;John) 1565-1621 ; A Dis-
play of Heraldrie 1610
Hall (Edward) died 1547; The
Union of the two noble and illus-
trate famelies of Lancastre and
Yorke. [ = Hall's Chronicle.]
Hall (Joseph) 1574-1656 ; Virgide-
miarum, sixe bookes of . . . satyrs
1597.
Harsnet (Samuel) 1561-1631 ; A
Declaration of egregious Popish
Impostures . . . vnder the pre-
tence of casting out diuels 1603.
Harvey (Gabriel) 1550 (?)-1631.
Heslop (Oliver); Northumberland
Words 1892-4.
Hey WOOD (John) died 1580 i,?) ; A
Dialogue, conteyninge the num-
ber in effccte of all the Proverbes
in th(i Englishe tunge 1561.
AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED
HoccLEVE (Thomas) died 1450 (?).
HoLiNSHED (Raphael) died 1580 (?) ;
Tlie Chronicles of Englande, Scot-
lande, and Irelande 1577.
Holland (Philemon) 1552-1637 ;
The Historie of the World, com-
monly called the Naturall His-
torie of C. PliniusSocundus 1601 ;
The Philosophic, commonly call-
ed the Morals, written by . . .
Plutarch of Chteronea 1603.
Holme (Randle) 1627-99; The
Acadeniy of Armory, or a store-
house of armory and blazon 1688.
JoNsoN (Ben) 1573(?)-1637 ; Epi-
grams, published 1616 and 1640.
Kyd (Thomas) 1558-94 ; The Trage-
dle of Soliman and Perseda 1592.
Latham (Simon) flourished 1618 ;
Lathams Falconry, or the Faul-
cons Lure and Cure 1615-18.
Leland (John) died 1552 ; Itinera-
rium [1534-43].
Lily (William) died 1522; Brevis-
sima Institutio [Latin grammar].
Marlowe (Christopher) 1564-93 ;
The Jew of Malta, about 1590;
Tamburlaine 1587-8.
MiDDLETON (Thomas) died 1627 ;
The Roaring Girle 1611.
Milton (John) 1608-74 ; Paradise
Lost 1667,
MiNSHEu (John) flourished 1600-
17; 'H'ye/^wi' 6'S ras 'yKujaaa';, id est
Ductor in Linguas, The Gvide
into Tongves 1617.
More (Sir Thomas) 1478-1535.
Nashe (Thomas) 1567-1601.
North (Thomas) died 1601 (?) ; The
Lives of the noble Grecians and
Romanes, compared together by
. . . Plutarehe of Chseronea :
translated out of Greeke into
French by J. Amyot, . . . Bishop
of Auxerre . . . and out of French
into Englishe by T. North 1579.
OvERBURY (Sir Thomas) 1581-1613.
Palsgrave (John) died 1554 ;
Lesclarcissement de la Langiie
Francoyse 1530. [French gram-
mar and vocabulary ; cited as
Palsgr.]
Peele (George) died 1597 (?) ; The
Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin tlie
fair Greek.
Randolph (Thomas) 1605-35.
Ray (John) 1627-1705; A Collection
of English Words not generally
used ... in two Alphabetical
Catalogues. The one of such as
are proper to the Northern, the
other to the Southern Counties
1674.
Rider (John) 1562-1632 ; Biblio-
theca Scholastica, a double Dic-
tionarie. Penned for all those
that would have within short
space the vise of the Latin Tongue,
either to speake or write 1589.
Robyn Hode (A Lytell Geste of),
about 1500.
Sherwood : see Cotgrave.
Skelton (John) died 1529 ; A . . .
tratyse vpon a goodlj' Garlande
or Chapelet of LauroU 1523; The
boke of Phyllyp Sparowe.
Skinner (^Stephen) 1623-67 ; Ety-
mologicon Linguae Anglicanaj
1671.
Smith (Sir Thomas) 1513-77 ; The
Common Welth of England 1583.
Smyth (Sir John) 1534(?)-1607 ;
Certain Discourses . . . concern-
ing the formes and effects of diuers
sorts of Weapons, and other verie
imijortant matters Militarie 1590.
Spenser (Edmund) died 1599 ; The
Faerie Queene 1590-6.
Steenhold (Thomas) and Hopkins
(John) ; The whole booke of
Psalmes collected into Englyshe
Meter 1564.
Stow (John) died 1605 ; A breviat
Chronicle contaynynge all the
Kynges 1561.
STUBBEs(Philip) flourished 1581-93;
The Anatomie of Abuses 1583.
Swetnam (Joseph) ; Swetnam the
woman-hater, arraigned by wo-
men 1620.
Torriano (Giovanni); Vocabolario
Italiano & Inglese, a Dictionary
Italian & English 1659.
Wright (Thomas) 1810-77 ; Diction,
ary of obsolete and provincial
English 1857.
§ 3. TEXT AND AKEANGEMENT OF THE
QUOTATIONS.
The text used in the illustrative quotations is that of the Oxford Shake-
speare, edited by W. J. Craig, except in a few instances wliei-e it has been
set aside for some special reason. Where its numeration of act, scene, and
line differs greatly from that of other widely used editions, a second
reference is given within square brackets ; so that the Glossary is avail-
able for all unabridged editions of the works.
Variant readings, and interpretations of particular quotations, are
placed within round brackets ; words inserted to complete the sense
within square brackets ; ' &c.' following a quotation reference indicates
that more examples occur in the same play or poem.
Paraphrases of passages which are quoted very briefly or indicated by
a reference only are sometimes given between inverted commas, e. g.
ADVANTAGE sb. 3.
§ 4. ABBKEVIATIONS OF TITLES OF PLAYS
AND POEMS.
of
Ado = Much Ado about Nothing
AU'sW. = All's Well that Ends Well
Ant. = Antony and Cleopatra
Arg. = Argument
AYL.=As You Like It
Caes.= Julius Caesar
Chor. = Chorus
Compl. = A Lover's Complaint
Cor, = Coriolanus
Cym. = Cymbeline
Ded. = Dedication
Epil. = Epilogue
Err. = The Comedy of Errors
Gent. = The Two Gentlemen
Verona
1H4 =The First Part of
Henry IV
2H4=The Second Part of
Henry IV
H5 =The Life of King Henry
1H6 = The First Part of
Henry VI
2H6 = The Second Part of
Henry VI
3H6=The Third Part of King
Henry VI
HS = The Famous History of the
Life of King Henry VIII
Ham. = Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Ind. = Induction
John = The Life and Death of King
John
Kins.
Kins;
V
Kim
Kinj
LLL. = Love's Labour 'a Lost
Lr. =King Lear
Lucr. =The Rape of Lucrece
Mac. = Macbeth
Meas. = Measure for Measure
Mer.V. r-^The Merchant of Venice
MND. = A Midsummer-Night's
Dream
0th. = Othello, tlie Moor of Venice
Per. = Pericles, Prince of Tyre
Phoen. = The Phcenix and the
Turtle
Pilgr. =The Passionate Pilgrim
Pro!. = Prologue
E2--The Tragedy of King Richard
II
113 -The Tragedy of King Richard
III
Rom. = Romeo and Juliet
Shr. =The Taming of the Shrew
Sonn. — Sonnets
Sonn. Music = Sonnets to Sundry
Notes of Music
Tim. = Timon of Athens
Tit. = Titus Andronicus
Tp.^ The Tempest
Troll. ^Troilus and Cressida
Tw.N. = Twelfth-Night ; or, What
You Will
Ven. = Venus and Adonis
Wint. = The Winter's Tale
Wiv. = The Merry Wives of Windsor
§ 5. ABBKEVIATIONS OF TECHNICAL TERMS.
absol. = absolute(ly), i.e. without
some usual construction, as a
verb without an object, an adjec-
tive without a noun
adj. = adjective
adv. = adverb
advb. =advcrbial(ly)
app. = appai-ently
arch. = archaic
attrib. =attributive(ly)
c, cent. = century
cf. = confer, compare
comb. = in combination (with an-
other noun)
comm. = commentators
comp. = compound
concr. = concrete
conj. = (1) conjecture(s ,
(2) conjunction
constr. =(1) construed with,
(2) construction
corr. = corruption
Cotgr. = Cotgrave (see above, p.viii)
dial. — dialect(s), dialectal(ly;
e. g. = for example
edd.= editions
Eliz. = Elizabethan (see p. xii)
ellipt. =elliptical(ly)
esp. = especially
etym., etymol. = etymology, etymo-
logical
exx.= examples
Fi,&c., Ff (seep, xii)
fig. = figurative(ly)
foil. = following
Fr. = French
freq. = frequent (ly)
gen. = genera l(ly)
i. c. = id est, that is
imper. = imperative
impers. = impersonal
interj. = interjection
intr. = intransitive
It. = Italian
J. = Johnson (soo above, ]>. vii)
\i. = Latin
lit.-literal(ly)
midl. = midland
mod. = modern
mod. edd. = modern editions (from
Rowe, 1709, onwards)
obj. = object
obs. = obsolete
occas. =occasional(ly)
O.Fr. = Old French
orig. =original',ly)
Palsgr. = Palsgrave (see above,
p. ix)
pa. pple. =past participle
pass. = passive
pa. t.-=past tense
phr. =phrase(s)
pi. = plural
post-S. = post-Shakespearian
ppl. adj. = participial adjective
pple. = participle
pre-Eliz. = pre-Elizabethan
pre-S. = prc-Shakespearian
prec. = preceding
prop. = preposition
prob. = probably
Qi, &c., Qq (see p. xii)
q. V. = quod vide, which see
ref. = (,1) reference, (2) referred,
(3) referring
roll. -= reflexive
S. = (l) Shakespeare, (2) Shake-
spearian (see p. xii)
sb. —substantive
scil. = scilicet, that is to say
sing. = singular
spec. = specific(ally)
s.v. ^ sub verbo, under the word
syll. = syllablers)
trans. = transitive
transf. = in a transferred sense
usu. =usual(ly;
vb. = verb
vbl. sb. = verbal substantive
viz. — videlicet, namely
§6. SIGNS, SYMBOLS, ETC.
# denotes a word, phrase, or passage the meaning of which is disputed.
Alternative explanations of these are arranged under letters
(a) (b) (c) ; see e.g. purely.
•|- denotes a conjectural emendation, e.g. marishI" ; or a form of a word
substituted by modern editors for the form found in old editions,
e. g. STATUAf.
' placed after a vowel marks the Shakespearian stressing of the word in
question ; e. g. aspe'ct ; u'nfelt, an/e'lt in the quotations s.v.
(S.), (Eliz.) placed immediately after a word or a definition mean that the
word or the sense defined is peculiar to Shakespeare, character-
istic of the Elizabethan period, respectively; (not pre-S."), (not
pre-Eliz.) are used witli corresponding implication : (once),
(twice) = occurs only once, twice, in Shakespeare.
In the introductory note (immediately following tlio headword) of articles
in which two or more meanings are treated, the meanings are
referred to by their numbers, and the remarks appropriate to
each are placed after the respective number. Thus, when
expanded, the note s. v. cabin vb. will read : With sense 1 com-
pare sense 2 of the substantive cabin ; sense 2 has been echoed
by modern Avriters. The note s. v. line sb.^ : Sense 1 involves
a metaphor from angling; sense 7 is recorded only from Shake-
speare.
Etymological statements are placed within square brackets. The term
'aphetic' is applied to a form produced by the loss of an unaccented
vowel at the beginning of a word, e. g. lege, for ' allege '.
Fj, F.,, Fg, Ti^lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Folio edition (of lt)23, 1G32, 1663, 1685,
respectively) ; Ff=all the Folio editions.
Qi) Qj> "-^c. = 1st, 2nd, &c. Quarto edition; Qq = all the Quarto editions of
a particular play or poem.
The method of recording variants is illustrated by the following examples:
couipnlsative (S.; Ff), compulsatory (,Qq) — means that the first
form, which is peculiar to Shakespeaie, is the reading of the
Folios ; the Quartos having the second form.
Ustsb.': ...0th. II. i. 10-i(Q, ; Qq,, FfZeawe)— means thatthe IstQuarto
reads list, the 2nd and 3rd Quartos and all the Folios leaue.
uLiBttxil f (Ft mixtfuU) — means that mist/ul does not occur in any old
edition, all the Folios reading mixtfull.
undlstingniislied ... undistingnish'd (Qj Ff in-) space oftcomati's will!
(Qq loit) — informs us that the old editions liave the following
readings (minor differences of spelling being neglected): —
Folios indistinguisli'd space of woman s icill ;
1st Quarto indistinguish'd space of icoman'' s toit ;
2nd and 3rd Quartos undistinguish'd space of u^omans wit.
Italic type is restricted to quotations from the text of Shakespeare.
Small capitals are employed in referring from one article to
another. An article immediately preceding or following is
referred to as ' prec' or ' next '.
SHAKESPEARE GLOSSAEY
A-
— ABSOLUTE
a' : for ' )ia ' = lie, in mod. odd. usually a', or re- j
placed by he Ham. ii. i. 58 There loas a (juming.
a- : for ' lia ' (q.v.) = have LLL. v. ii. 17, Ham. iv.
V. 65.
a ■ (worii-down form of 'of and 'on', freq. in Ff |
and Qq and retained in a few places in mod. j
edd., but usually altered to o", c^\ or ow
1 = of Ado III. ii. 42 ft mornings, (Cf. a-days, a-
KIGHT.)
2 = on H5 IV. iii. 42 a tip-toe. (Cf. a-ueight, a-high.)
3 = in All'sW. II. i. ii Icept a coil. (Cf. a-piec£S.) |
-a used, without affecting the meaning, to provide
an extra syllable in burlesque verse Wint. iv. ii. ,
1:54, l:;ti[iii. 133,135], iv. iii. Sitiliv. •.',2-i]MgdttiHtii
due/,, iHij datr-ii. Ham. iv. v. 170, i-c. [ii. 117.
aliandoned: banished, kept away /)0i/« Slir. Ind. I
abase: to lower (.the eyes) 2H6 i. ii. 15, R3 i. ii.
1248 (Ff).
abate U the usual sense; the corresponding intr. |
sense ' decrease ' israi'e ; 2 is common Eliz. ; 3 l>
are rare)
1 to lessen, shorten MND. ill. ii. 432 A. thy hours.'
2 to blunt, tig. 2H4 i. i. 117 his metul . . . once in him
(ihidid, R3 V. iv. 48 Lv. 35] Abate the tdtn of traitors.
3 to deprive of Lr. 11. iv. 161 a-d inc of ludfing trai)i.
4 to bar, except LLL. v. ii. 545 .1. throw at uoviiiii,
and the tihole itorld again Cannot pick onfjiie such.
5 to dei)reciate (a person) Cyni. i. iv. 78 / would
abate her nothing.
6 to liumble Cor. iii. iii. 130 most Abated caiitiies.
abatement (in sense 1 usu. legal nietaplior)
1 reduction, diminution Ham. iv. vii. 120 abate-
ments and dilai/s, Lr. I. iv. 64, Cym. v. iv. 21.
2 depreciation of a person's character Tw.N. 1. i. 13.
abhor (2 term of canon law = Latin ' detestor')
1 to liorrify, disgust Ham. v. i. 2o5(Ffi how abhorred
my inmgination is, 0th. iv. ii. 162 It docs a. }ne.
2 to protest against H8 11. iv. 79 I ntlcrlif abhor,
vea . . . lief Use you for myjiidge ; cf. Err. iii. ii. 165.
abhorred :" abominal)le (ireq.) John iv. ii. 224.
abhorringf (rare ; • abhorrence ' is post-S.)
1 abhorrence, loathing Cor. l. i. \l\Jtatter hemuth a.
2 object of disgust Ant. v. ii. 60 hi the water-fiies
Blow me into abhorrim/ : cf. 'an abhorring unto
all tlesh' (Isaiah lxvi.'24i.
abide (.senses 'remain ' and 'endure' are common)
1 no more but a., make onlv a brief stav 'Wint. iv.
ii. [iii.] 100.
2 to face or encounter in fight MND. ni. ii. 422 A.
me, if thou dar'st, 2H4 11. iii. 36, Cym. in. iv. 186.
3 esp.'with ' dear ' = abv MND. iii.' ii. 175 (Q.. Ffi,
Caes. m. i. 94, ii. 120.
ability: wcaltli, means Tw.N. in. iv. 380, 2H4 i. iii.
45 ; cf. Ado IV. i. 201 .ibility in m(ans.
abject: adj. his abject object, the object of his con-
tempt H8 I. i. 127. — sh. the queen's abjecls, the most
servile of her subjects R3 i. i. 106.
abjectly: basely Tit. n. iii. 4 thinksof me so abjectly.
able adj. (1 occurs six times, 2 once)
1 strong, vigorous, active AU'sW. iv. v, 87, 2H4 i.
i. 43, Ham. v. ii. 211.
2 talented, clever Sonn. Ixxxv. 7 titat able spirit.
able vb. : to warrant, vouch for Lr. iv. vi. 173.
abode sb. (1 and 2 now obs. ; 3 now chiefly in echoes
ofthe Bible; cf. ' We will. . . makeourabode witli
him ' John xiv. 23)
1 waiting, delay Mer.V. n. vi. 21 my long abode,
2 temporary remaining, stay Cym. i. vi. 53.
3 make abode, to dwell, reside Gent. iv. iii. 23, Lr.
I. i. 136.
abode vb. : to bode, forebode 3HG v. vi. 45, H8 1. i. 93.
abodement : foreboding, omen 3H6 iv. vii. 13.
abomination : sense of 'detestation ' not S.)
1 abominable tiling or act Ant. in. vi. 94 tnost large
In his aboiiiiuatiuns, Lucr. 921, 1832.
2 abominableness Lucr. 704 Ere he can see his own a.
abortive : adj. born prematuicly ; (hence) un-
timely, unnatural, monstrous, lit. and tig. LLL.
I. i. 104 (Oi a. birth, 2H6 iv. i. 60 this thy a. pride,
R3 I. ii. 21, I. iii. 228. — sb. untimely or monstrous
birtli John 111. iv. 158 Abortms. jin^fK/is.
aboiind : to be rich H8 1. i. 83 ; cf. I'liilippians iv. 18.
about : used imperativelv : get to work, bestir
yourself! Wiv. v. v. 61,"2H4iii. ii. 305, C»s. in.
ii. 209, Ham. ir. ii. 625.
about prep. : follows its nouii in Per. in. Gower 2
•Vo dill hnt snijris thi liousi abimt.
above: upstairs Wiv. iv. ii. 80, Err. 11. ii. 211, II i4
n. iv. 558.
Abraham Ciipid : ace ADA:si-f Cupid. [21.
abram: corruption of 'abron' = auburn Cor. n. iii.
abridge ./Vofi/ : to deprive of, debar from Mer.V. i. i.
127 t(j hi aliridi/'d Front such a nuble rate.
abridg'ement : means of shortening or whiling
away t he time, pastime MND. v. i. 39 what abridge-
ment have you for this evening?, Ham. n. ii. 448
look uhere my dbridgenuut comes [i.e. the players].
abroach: set abroach, to set on foot 2H4 iv. ii. 14,
K3 I. iii. 325, Rom. i. i. 110.
abroad ^the following are the chief uses)
1 outside certain limits : (a) away or apart from
one's own body or person 2H6 in." ii. 172 His hands
abroad display'd, Cym. i. ii. 4, in. iv. 180, Compl.
137, 183 All my offences that abroad you see ; (b) away
from one's home, out of one's house, in foreign
lands Tp. in. i. 52, Caes. v. iii. 95, Ham. i. i. 161
then . . . no spirit can walk abroad.
2 about in the world, in public Meas. in. ii. 90,
LLL. I. i. 187 There's lillany abroad, Rom. v. iii.
IttO, 0th. I. iii. 393.
abrook: to brook, endure, bear 2H6 11. is'. 10.
abruption : breaking off in speech Troil. in. ii. 68.
absent: iihsint time, time of absence R2 11. iii. 79 ;
so ahsint hours 0th. in. iv. 173.
absey-book, i.e. ABC-book : primer, hornbook
John I. i. 196 then comes answer like an ubsey-book.
absolute (sense 3 is common in 17tli cent.)
1 free from imperfection, complete, finished, per-
ABSTRACT
I'ect Meas. v. i. 54, Ham. v. ii. 112 an absolitte
(/ottlemaii, Per. iv. Gower 31.
2 unrestricted, unconditional 2H4 iv. 1. 18*5, Cor.
III. i. 115 Thowjh there the people lind more a. poiitr.
3 positive, perfectly certain, decided Meas. in. i.
5, Cor. III. i. 89 mark tjou his absolute ' shall ' /,
Cym. IV. ii. 106.
abstract (3 and 4 are peculiar to S.)
1 epitome (of something greater), compendium (of
many qualities) John ii. i. 101, Ant. i. iv. 9 the
eihstract of all faults.
2 summary account R3 iv. iv. 28, Ham. ii. ii. 555
abstretds and brief chronicles of the time.
3 summary proceeding All'sW. iv. iii. 100 nn ab-
stract of success. Ant. in. vi. 61 (obstruct i).
4 short catalogue or inventory Wiv. iv. ii. 65.
abuse sb. (1 and 2 were common Eliz., now obs.)
1 ill-usage, injury, wrong, insult, offence, crime
Wiv. V. iii. 9, Meas. v. i. 241, 3H6 in. iii. 188 the
abuse done to my niece, Rom. iii. i. 199, Sonn.
cxxxiv. 12 throuf/h my unkind abuse.
2 imposture, deception, delusion Ham. rv. vii.50 Or
is it some a. and no such thing ? (Cf. Self-abuse.)
3 corrupt practice Meas. ii. i. 43, C«s. ir. i. 115 the
time's abuse, Ven. 792.
4 injurious speaking, reviling 2H4 ii. iv. 341 ; pi.
(obs.) Meas. v. i. 342 his treasonable abuses.
abuse vb. (precise meaning often doubtful ; in
many examples two or more senses are blended)
1 to impose upon, cheat, deceive Ado v. ii. 104.
Ham. II. ii. &i0, Lr. iv. i. 22 thy abi'scd father's
wrath, rv. vii. 77, Cym. i. iv. 129.
2 to ill-use, maltreat, do violence to Wiv. i. i. 3,
Err. V. i. 199, R3 i. iii. 52 his simple truth must be
a-d, Rom. iv. i. 29, Lr. iv. vii. 15, Sonn. xlii. 7.
3 to insult Ant. v. ii. 43, Cym. il. iii. 154. |v. 41.
4 to disgrace, dishonour Wiv. ii. ii. 310, IHO iv.
5 to malign, revile Tim. ii. ii. 48, 0th. v. i. 123.
abuser : corrupterOth. i. ii. ISabuserofthe icorld.
aby : to pay the penalty for, atone forMND. iii. ii.
175 (Q._, Ff abide), 335 (Ff abide).
abysm (orig. fonn 'abime'; rliymes with 'time'
as late as 1616)
1 bottomless pit Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 147 abysmofhell.
2 profound chasm or gulf (fig.) Tp. i. ii. 50 ubysm
of time, Sonn. cxii. 9.
academe : academy, philosophical school LLL. i.
i. 13, IV. iii. 30.3.
accent (1 first in S., as also the senses 'peeuliin-
mode of utterance ' A YL. in. ii. 363, ' metrical
stress' LLL. iv. ii. 125)
1 word, speech, language John v. vi. 14 emy accent
breaking from thy tongue, 1H4 i. i. 3, Rom. il. iv. 31,
Caes. III. i. 113 7n . . . accents yet unknoini , Lucr. .jOO.
2 second accent, echo H5 ii. iv. 126.
accept: accepted (as decisive) H5 v. ii. 82.
accidence : rudiments of (Latin) grammar Wiv.
IV. i. 18.
accident : occurrence, incident, event Tp. v. i. 305
the particular accidents gone by , Ado ii. i. 190, Ham.
III. ii. 211.
accite (1 common 1500-1680 ; 2 used by Ben Joiison)
1 to summon, cite 2H4 v. ii. 141, Tit. i. i. 27.
2 used for ' excite ' 2H4 ii. ii. 67 (Ff 3 \ cvcites).
accommodate (rare ; 1 first in S.)
1 to furnisli, t(|ui!i 2H4 in. ii. 73. Lr. iv. vi. 82.
2 pa. pi'lc. favijund Cym. v. iii. 32 A-d by the place.
accommodation (Ben Jonson in his 'Discoveries'
speaks of : the perfumed terms of the time, as
'accommodation', 'complement", ' spirit ', &c.)
1 provision, entertainment 0th. i. iii. 230 such a.
eind hesort As lerels n<ith her breeeling.
2 pi. conveniences, comforts Meas. iii. i. 14 all ih'
accommodations that thou bear'st.
- ACTOR
accomplice : comrade in arms 1H6 v. ii. 9.
accomplish mot very freq. ; sense 2 only S.)
1 to equip perfectly Mer.'V. iii. iv. 61, R2 n. i. IIS
Anouiplislid nilh the number of thy hours (= ot
the same age as thou), H5 iv. Clior. 12 The
armourers, accomplishing the knights.
2 to gain, obtain 3116 in. ii. 152 to accomplish tuenty
(jolden croirns.
accord sb. : (' at a." is Chaucerian ; 2 not post-S.)
1 harmony, concord Shr. in. i. 74, H5 v. ii. 381 :
AYL. I. i. ^'■J at accord ( = iii agreement).
2 assent, consent Err. 11. i. 'lo, H5 v. ii. 71, Ham.
I. ii. 123 ; Troll, i. iii. 238 .lace's accord, with.
Jove, i.e. lieaven, on their side.
accord vb. : to agree, assent AYL. v. iv, 140, Rom.
I. ii. 19 iny consent and fair according roic( .
accordant: agreeing, consenting Ado. i. ii. 16.
accosting t : see coasting.
accountant : liable to give an account, account-
able Meas. II. iv. 87, 0th. 11. i. 305 accountant for
Ks great « sin.
acctise : accusation 2H6 in. i. 160 By false accuse.
acerb : sour and bitter 0th. i. iii. 355 (Qi only).
aclie sb. : pronounced ' aitcli " like the letter H
(cf. Ado in. iv. 55) ; hence pi. aches is of two
syllables (Tp. i. ii. 370). [edd.
ache vb. : pronounced ' ake ' and so spelt in orig.
Acheron : river of the infernal regions, app.
supposed by S. to be a lake Tit. iv. iii. 44.
achieve (freq. in sense 1 ; rare in 2 and 3)
1 to gain, obtain AH'sW. i. i. 53, Cor. i. ix. 33,
,Sonn. Ixvii. 3.
2 to make an end of, kill (Fr. achever) H5 iv. iii. 91.
3 to accomplish one's purpose Cor. iv. vii. 23.
achievement: acquisition 2H4 iv. v. 188, Troll.
I. ii. 317, IV. ii. 72.
achiever : winner, victor Ado i. i. 0.
Achilles' spear: the rust from which cured
The wcmnded Telephus 2H6 v. i. 100.
Achitophel: Absalom's counsellor (2 Samuel xv.),
2H4 I. ii. 39. [iii. 320.
acknown : be a. on, confess knowledge of Otii. lu.
a-cold: cold Lr. in. iv. 57 Tom's a-cold.
aconitum : poisonous extract of the plant wolf's-
bane or monk's-hood, Aconitum Xapellus 2H4
IV. iv. 48.
acquit (tlie foil, are the rarer meanings in S.)
1 to atone for Lucr. 1071 Till life to eleath acquit my
forc'el offence.
2 to repay, rc<|uite Mer.V. v. i. 138, H5 n. ii. 144.
3 pa. iiplf. acquit of, rid of Wiv. i. iii. 25.
acqiiittance ^h. (rare ; a doubtful instance occurs
in titli. IV. ii. 193; Q] only, i\\>iXQ^\, acquaintance)
1 writing in evidence of a discharge LLL. 11. i. 160
ac<{uitleinces Forsuch a sum, Cym. v. iv. 174.
2 discharge, acquittal Ham. iv. vii. 1.
acquittance vb.: to acquit, clear R3 in. vii. 231.
across: crossed, folded Caes. 11. i. 240 nith your
eirms across, Liicr. 1062.
act sb. (S. has several ordinary uses : earliest known
example of ' act ' of a play H8 Epil. 3).
1 performance, action, operation, execution Mer.V.
1. iii. 84, All'sW. i. ii. 30, John 111. i. 274, H8 in.
ii. 183 tJie honour nf it hoes paij the ewt of it.
2 event Oth. v. ii. 370 This hcai'ij act.
act vb.: to put ill action 2HG v, i. 103 toa. controlling
lairs. Rom. III. ii. 16, Ant. v. ii. 45.
action: gesture, gesticulation Shr. Ind. i. 132,
Cajs. III. ii. 226 .4., nor utt(ranii. nor tin pniier of
speech. Mac. v. i. 31, Ham. in. ii. 20, Lucr. 1403.
action-taking': litigious, seeking satisfaction at
law I.1-. n. ii. IS action-taking knave.
actor: doer Jleas. II. ii. 37 Condemn th$ fault, and
not the actor of it.', All'sW. n. iii. 29, Lucr. 008.
ACTUAI. -
actual : consisting in action, active Mac. v. i. 13
)ar imlliiiui and ullicr acttud performances, 0th. iv.
ii. 153 of tlioiiglif or acfmil (hril.
acture : action, pertuiinaucc Compl. 185.
Adam {'2 ' bufl' ' was useil toi- ' the naked skin ')
1 the offending Adam, the Old Adam, H5 i. i. 29.
2 the picture of old Adam, (jocularly for) the bailiff's
officer, who wore bulf (like Adam) Err. iv. iii. 13.
3 = Adam Bell, a fainuus arcliir Ado i. i. 269 [261].
Kenct; Ada mi Ciijiid i.e. tujiid the Archer, Kom.
II. i. 13, for orig. Abraham VniUd (whicli has not
been satisfactorily explained).
adamant : stone or mineral of excessive hardness
1H() I. iv. 52; identified with the loadstone or
magnet MND. li. i. 105, Troil. iii. ii. 186 as turtle
/o her mate, As iron to adamant.
a-days (mod. edd. e/ daijn) : 2H4 ii. iv. 250, Tim. iv.
iii. 293.
addiction : inclination, bent H5 1. i. 54, 0th. ii. ii. G.
addition (the ordinary uses occur; 1 is frcq. ; 2
and 3 rare)
1 .something added to a man's name to denote his
rank, &c. ; title, style of address ; mark of dis-
tinction ; Wiv. II. ii. 'MH devils' additions, All'sW.
II. iii. 134, Cor. i. ix. 66, Mac. in. i. 106 (cf. sense
.3), Ham. i. iv. 20, Lr. i. i. 138 The name and all
th' addition to a kinr/, ii. ii. 26, Otli. iv. i. 105.
2 something added to a coat of arms as a mark of
honinir Troil. iv. v. 140. [20.
3 puriicular a-s, distinctive attributes Troil. i. ii.
address (most freq. in sense 2 ; 3 and 4 are rare)
1 to direct LLL. v. ii. 92, MND. ii. ii. 14.3, Tw.N. i.
iv. 15 address thij r/ait iinto her.
2 to prepare, make ready MND. v. i. 106, Mer.V.
II. ix. 19, H5 III. iii. 58 To-morrow for the march
arc lie addrest, Caes. in. i. 29, Ham.i. ii. 216 it. , . did
iiddriss Itself to motion.
3 to get oneself ready Troil iv. iv. 146 Let us address
to tend OH Hector's heels.
4 to make one's speech Lr. i. i. 193.
adhere: to hang together, agree Wiv. ii. i. 63,
Mac. I. vii. 52 Xor time nor place Did then adhere.
adjunct (not pre-Eliz.)
adj. connected, annexed John in. iii. 57, Ronn.
xci. 5 ererij humour liatli his adjiinti jilmsiirc.
sb. something annexed LLL. iv. iii. 314 liarnin//
is hutan a. ti> ourself ; pei'son in attendance Sonn.
cxxii. 13 To keep an a. to remember thee.
admirable : to be wondered at, wonderful MND.
V. i. 27 strani/e and admirable. [x. 2].
admiral: flagship 1H4 in. iii. 28, Ant. in. viii. 12
admiration (the foil, are occasional uses)
1 quality of exciting wonder or approbation, ad-
niirableness Tp. in. i. 38.
2 object of wonder, marvel All'sW. ii. i. 91.
3 note of admiration, the sign ! Wint. v. ii. 12.
adxaire (rare use) : to wonder (.at) Tp. v. i. 154,
Tw.N. in. iv. 167 nor admire not in thy mind, why
I do cull thcr so.
adm.ired (1 <f. unavoided = inevitable)
1 admirable Tp. in. i. 37, Ant. n. ii. 125.
2 wonderful Mac. in. iv. 110 With most a. disorder.
admittance: acceptance, sanction; (hence) vogue,
lashiun Wiv. in. iii. 61 ; n. ii. 240 of great ad-
mittance {= in high favour).
adoptedly : by adoption Meas. i. iv. 47 Adoptedly ;
as schciol-maids change their names.
adoptions Christendoms : christenings of adopted
children All's W. i. i. 190^
advance : to raise, lift up Tp. i. ii. 405, H5 v. Prol.
44, K3i. ii. 40.4. thulialberd higher than my breast,
Rom. n. iii. 5. 'J TIic many passages in which
flags and standards are said to be ' advanced '
may bear this meaning.
— APPECT
advantage sb. (sense ' profit, benefit ' is frcq. with
phr. nailce or take a. of, rarely on Yen. 405) ; also
'advantageous or favourable position ')
1 favourable opportunity, chance Tp. in. iii. 13 The
next a. Will we take, Oth. i. iii. 299, n. i. 249, Yen.
129 ; 3H6 in. ii. 192 /o»- adiantages ( = as it serves
my convenience ; cf. (Joinpl. 123) ; Oth. in. iii. 312
to the (idrantage (= opportunely).
2 pecuniary profit, interest on money Mer.V. i. iii.
71 neither lend nor borrow L'pon adiantagc ; tig.
John in. iii. 22.
3 with advantages Uh iv. iii. 50 ('his story will lose
nothing in the telling').
advantage vb. (l the trans, sense is more freq.)
1 to be of benefit Tp. i. i. 36 our own doth little a.
2 to augment R3 iv. iv. 324 Adcantaging their loan
Kiich interest.
adyantag°eable : profitable, advantageous H5 v.
ii. 88 aiiiiinltigiiible for our dignity.
advantageous care: anxiety to obtain a position
of advantage Troil. v. iv. 23.
adventure sb.: hazard, chance Wint. v. i. 156,
John V. v. 22 ; at all adventures, at all hazards,
whatever may be the consequences Err. ii. ii.
220, H5 IV. i. 12.3.
adventure vb.: to venture Wint. i. ii. 38, R3 i.
iii. lit'.. Rom. ii. ii. 84, v. iii. 11, Cym. in. iv. 1,56.
adversity: perverse one, quibbler Troil. v. i. 14.
adve'rtise: to inform, instruct Meas. i. i. 41 " o/(c
that can my part in him advertise, 31lr, v. iii. IS,
H8 n. iv. i7<) he might the king . . . ndtniisc.
advertisement (stressed always on the second
syllable)
1 information 1H4 in. ii. 172 this a. is five days old.
2 advice, counsel Ado v. i. 32, All'sW. iv. iii. 240
an ad,(rtisiment ...to take heed, 1H4 iv. i. 36.
adve'rtising : attentive Meas. v. i. 384 Advertising
and liol/i to your husiiiess.
advice: consideration, deliberation, consultation
Gent. II. iv. 208, Mer.V. iv. ii. 6, Shr. i. i. IIO,
John in. iv. 11, H5 ii. ii. 43 on his more advice
(= after maturer reflection).
advise (' to counsel ' is the commonest sense ; cf.
ADVISED 2)
1 reH. and intr. to bethink oneself, consider Tw.N.
IV. ii. 104, H5 III. vi. 171, Rom. in. v. 192, Lr. ii.
i. 29 Advise yourself.
2 to inform, apprise Gent. in. i. 122, All'.sW. nr. v.
26, H5 II. Chor. 12 advis'd by good intelligence, H8
I. ii. 107 I shall anon advise you Further.
advised (see also well-advised)
1 considerate, deliberate, cautious, well-considered
Mer.V. I. i. 143 n<ith more advised watch. Joliii iv.
ii. 214, R2 I. iii. 188, H5 i. ii. 179 The advised head
defends itself.
2 be advised, take good advice, take care, be cautious
LLL. IV. iii. 368, H8 i. i. 139, Oth. i. ii. 55.
3 art thou not ftdvistd, art thou unaware? Shi-, i. i.
190 ; so 2H4 i. i. 172, 2H6 ii. i. 47 ; / am etdriscd,
I know very well Err. v. i. 214. |122.
advocation : pleading of an advocate Oth. in. iv.
sedile : magistrate in ancient Rome who liad tlie
superintendence ol public ))nildiiigs, police, &c.
Cor. III. i. 173, &c.
aerial: of the atmosphere oth. ii. i. 39 (Ff eriall).
aerie: nest, or (esp. in S.) brood of a bird of prey,
and particularly of hawks John v. ii. 149, R3"i.
iii. 264 ; Ham. n. ii. 362 aerie of children (with
reference to the young choristers of the Chapel
Royal and St. Paul's, who acted plays).
afar oflF: remotely, indirectly Wiv. i. i. 215, Wint.
II. i. 103.
affect sb. (both senses were in common Eliz. use)
1 kind feeling, affection R2 i. iv. 30.
APFECT— <
2 disposition, tendency LLL i. i. 150, Otli. i. iii. 265
the young affects ( = youthful inclinations).
affect vb.' (2 by far tlie commonest sense ; 4 only
once)
1 to aim at, aspire to Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 4:i3, 2H6 iv.
vii. 103, Cor. in. iii. 1 affects Tyrunnkul jioner, iv.
vi. 32.
2 to be fond of, love Tw.N. n. v. 28, Lr. i. i. 1.
\i to be inclined Ant. i. iii. 71 making peace or war
As tliou affect' st.
4 to assume the character of, imitate Jolin i. i. 86
Tlie accent of Ill's towjuc aff'ectith him.
aflfect vb.- : to act upon contagiously, as a disease
Troil. II. ii. 59 wh((t mprtiiiasty itself affects.
affiected (the mod. sense ■ full of aflectation ' occurs
once LLL. v. i. 15)
1 disposed, inclined Gent. i. iii. 60, Slir. i. i. 26 in
all aff'ected as yourself, Lr. ii. i. 100 ill affected.
2 in love LLL. ii. i. 230 that which we loi'ers entitle
affected, Ven. 157.
afiie'ctedly : lovingly Compl. 48. [145.
affecting': using allectation, affected Wiv. ii. i.
afifection sb. (tlie usual S. sense is the ordinary
one of ' love ' ; 4 is rare)
1 emotion, feeling, esp. pi. LLL. i. i. 9, Mer.V. i.
i. 16, Cses. II. i. 20 when his affections sway'd More
tlian Ii is reason.
2 mental tendency, natural disposition Mer.V. i.
ii. 37, Mac. iv. iii. 77 my most ill-compos'd aff'ection.
3 state of mind towards a thing, bent, inclination,
wish Tp. I. ii. 478 My affections Are then most
humble, Ado ii. ii. 7 whatsoever comes athwart his
iiffutioii, LLL. V. i. 95, Cor. i. i. 109.
4 atfeitation LLL. v. ii. 408, Ham. ii. ii. 473 (Qq).
affection vl>. : to have affection for Wiv. i. i. 234.
affectioned * : (a) full of affectation ; (b) self-
willed, obstinate Tw.N. ii. iii. 162.
affeer : to confirm Mac. tv. iii. 34 The title is affeerUJ.
affiance : confidence H5 ii. ii. 127, Cym. i. vi. 163.
affianced : betrothed Meas. m. i. 221 affianced to
h(r by oatli.
affined (sense 2 is only S.) [all affin'd and kin.
1 related Troil. i. iii. 25 The wise and fool . . . seem
2 bound 0th. i. i. 39 Whe'r I . . . am affin'd To lore
the Moor.
affirm: to maintain (a statement) H5 v. ii. 117, Lr.
II. ii. 83,
affray : to frighten away Rom. in. v. 33. [87.
affront sb. : gaee tk' a., made the stand Cym. v. iii.
affront vb. (the precise sense in passages under 2
and 3 is doubtful)
1 to meet, accost Ham. in. i. 31 That he . . . may here
Aff'ront Ojihelia.
2 to face, encounter Wint. v. i. 75, Cym. iv. iii. 29.
3 to confront ; meet, respond to Troil. iir. ii. 173.
affy (both senses were in gen. use till 1650)
1 to tru.st in Tit. i. i. 47 I do affy In thy npriyhluess.
2 to l)etroth 2H6 iv. i. 80.
a-front: abreast 1H4 ii. iv. 226 /oi»- came all a.
after (unusual applications of common meanings)
1 according to Tp. n. ii. 79 after the irisest { = in the
wisest fashion).
2 at the rate of Meas. n. i. 261.
after- in comb.: = later, subsequent, future ; afler-
dibts All'sW. IV. iii. 256, -hours E3 iv. iv. 294,
-inquiry Cym. v. iv. 187, -loss Sonn. xc. 4, -lure
Gent. in. i. 95, -meetinyCov. ii. ii. 44, -nourishmiiit
Per. I. ii. 13, -times 2H4 iv. ii. 51, -wrath Ant. v.
ii. 2S'i.
after-dinner: time following dinner, afternoon
Meas. HI. i. 33, Troil. n. iii. 122.
after-eye: to look after Cym. i. iii. 16 left To
iiflir-eye him. [i. 34.
after-supper: late sijiiper, rere-supper MND, v.
-AlB
ag°ain (sense 2 arose first with vbs. like ' ring ' : cf.
Mac. V. iii. 54//((; iC>vy(c/(0, That should applaud a.)
1 back AYL. m. v. 132 why I answer'd not arjaiti,
Shr. n. i. 217 come ai/ain. Good Kate, Cym. iv. iii.
1, Sonn. Ixxix. 8 pays ii tine again.
2 used to indicate intensity of action Mer.V. in.
ii. 2114 II Oiling here until I siveat again, 2H6 iv. i. 78
sliitll hiss at thee again.
against (see also the aplietic form 'gainst)
1 exposed to Sonn. Ixxiii. 3 those boughs which
shake against the cold.
2 in expectation of, in time for AYL. iv. i. 158,
Troil. I. ii. 189, Rom. iv. ii. 47, Ham. ii. ii. 513 0.5
we often sec, a. some storm, A silence in the lieaiens.
3 as conj.: in expectation of the time when, by the
time that MND. in. ii. 99 against she do appear,
Shr. IV. iv. 104.
ag'ate : iise<l fig. in allusion to the small figures cut
in agates for seals Ado in. i. 65, 2H4 i. ii. 18 I was
iirier iiiinniiil with an agate till now; so agate-
Stone l»oni. I. iv. 56.
agaz'd : astounded, amazed 1H6 i. i. 126 stood a.
Agenor : father of Europa Shr. i. i. 172.
aggravate (S. has only two out of many contem-
porary uses)
1 to increase Sonn. cxlvi. 10 to aggravate thy store.
2 to make worse Wiv. 11. ii. 301, R2 i. i. i'i'themore
to ilgi/l-iliil/e till IKilt .
aglet-baby : un binall figure carved on the tag of
a lace ; (h) doll or ' baby ' decked with aglets or
tags Shr. i. ii. 79.
agnize : to acknowledge, confess 0th. i. iii. 232.
agood : in good earnest Gent. iv. iv. 172 / made her
11(1 ji iigood.
ague : malarial fever Ca;s. 11. ii. 113 that same ague
iihiili hath wade yon lean ; fit of shivering Mer.V.
I. i. 23 My wind . . . Would blow me to an ague.
a-height : on liigh Lr. iv. vi. 59 Look iip a-height.
a-higli : aloft R3 iv. iv. 86 One lieav'd a-high.
a-hold : close to the wind Tp. i. i. 54 Lay iter a., a. !
aidance : assistance, aid 2H6 in. ii. 165 /o>- aidance
'gainst the enemy, A'en. 330.
aidant: helpful Lr. iv. iv. 17 aidant.. la the good
mini's distress.
aim sb. (3 meaning doubtful ; some interpret ' let
me liave space or scope ')
1 mark, butt Meas. i. iii. 5, R3 iv. iv. 90 To he the
aim of II try dangerous shot, H8 v. iii. 118 ; gate
aim to, was tlie object of Gent. v. iv. 101 her that
gate aim to all thy oaths.
2 conjecture, guess C»s. i. ii. 162 'What you would
work nte to, 1 have some aim.
'igite aim, to guide (a person) in his aim by in-
forming; him of the result of a preceding shot ;
fig. to lielj) Tit. V. iii. \i^ give me aim awhile*.
4 cry aim, to encourage archei-s by crying ' Aim ! '
wlientheywereaboutto shoot, (hence) to applaud
John II. i. 196.
aim. vb. (S. lias also the ordinary sense ' direct a
weapon ' witli its fig. derivatives)
1 to guess, conjecture 2H6 11. iv. 58 ihon aiinesf all
awry, R3 i. iii. 65, Ham. iv. v. 9 they aim at it.
2 to mean, intend Err. in. ii. 66 (aimf. Ft am).
air sb. (senses 2, 3, and 4 become common after S.,
as also the sense of ' tunc ' MND. i. i. 183)
1 breath Wint. v. iii. 78 There is an air comes from
her, 2H6 in. ii. 371* catch the air.
2 take air, (of a plan) to get abroad Tw.N. iii. iv.
147 lest the device take air.
3 manner, style Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 758 the air of the
court, Tim. v. i. 26 I'romising is the very air 0' the
time. '
4 mien, demeanour Wint. v. i. 128 Your father's
image. .His very air.
AIR- ;
air vb. (1 is now associatoJ with ' to put on airs ')
1 to wear openly, expose to public view Cym. ii. iv.
96 to air this jewel.
2 aind abroad*, exposed to the airs of foreign lands
Wint. IV. i. [ii.] 6.
Ajax : son of Telamon (2H() v. i. 26), one of the
Greek heroes in the Trojan war, taken as tlie
type of the dull-witted warrior (Lr. u. ii. 132 ;
cf. Troil. II. i. 1-69J : with pun on 'a jakes ' LLL.
V. ii. 578.
alarm, alarum sb. (diiferentiated spellings of
the same word, used indiscriminately in the old
edd., but in mod. edd. ulavam is usu. appropri-
ated to 1 and 2, and alarm to 'i, 4, and 5)
1 the cry or signal ' allarmo ' (to arras) 2116 v. ii. ?,
R3 IV. iv. 149 strike alarum, drums J
2 ca-lltoarmsRSi. irl Oar skrHal<uiims(QiaIarmcs);
flg. 0th. II. iii. 27 an alaram to loir.
3 loud noise, disturbance Shr. i. i. 130 (Fi alarum),
K2 I. i. 205 these hone alarms.
4 sudden attack, suipriso Mac. v. ii. 4 the <jrim
alarm (Fx alarme). Van. 424.
5 state of surprise or excitement mingled with
fear Ham. ii. ii. 640 in the alarm of fear (Fj
alarum, Qq alarme).
alarum, vb. : to call to arms (fig.), rouse to action
Mac. II. i. 53, Lr. ll. i. 55.
alarum-bell : bell rung as a signal of danger
Mac. II. iii. 81. (Cf. 'lakum bell.)
alate : Lr. i. iv. 211 (Qq) ; Ff and mod edd. of late.
albeit : usu. disyllabic, is trisyllabic in John
V. ii. 9.
alchemy : transmutation of base metals into gold
Sonn. xxxiii. 4 (fig.).
Alcides: Hercules Mer.V. ii. i. 35.
alderliefest : dearest of all 2H6 i. i. 28 mine al-
dtrliifrst SOI ( re 11/ II..
Alecto : one of the Furies 2H4 v.v. 40 fell A' s snake.
ale-washed : ' drowned ' in ale 115 in. vi. 85 alc-
ivashed irits.
alien: adj. belonging to others Sunn. Ixxviii. 3
eicrij alien pen; sb. stranger 1114 in. ii. 34 an
alien to the hearts Of all tlie court.
a-life : dearly Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 263 7/om a ballad in
print a-life (most mod. edd. read o' life).
alig'ht : for ' alight from ' Ven. 13 to a. thy steed.
all: sb. alloiu-, of us all >Tohn iv. ii. 102, Cor. iv. vi.
34. — adj. any whatever Mac. in. ii. 11 Thini/s wilh-
mtt all remedy. — adv. only, exclusively All'sW.
III. ii. 71, Lr. i. i. 102, Sonn. Ixxvi. 5.— all too, al-
together too 2H4 V. ii. 24.— conj. although R3 iv.
iv. 226 Thy head, all indirectly, gate direction,
all- in comb. :
1 (objective) nll-buildinr/ Meas. n. iv. 95, -cheeriiu/
Rom. I. i. 139, -hidim/ Lucr. 801, -oblivious Sonn.
Iv. 9, -secinyTm ii. i. 83, -seer v. i. 20, -teliinn LLL.
11. i. 21.
2 = ' wholly, completely ', sometimes assuming an
instrumental relation = 'by all', all-nlihomd
1H4 v. i. 16, -disgraced Ant. in. x. [xii.] 22,
-licensed Lr. i. iv. 223, -o6r //»(//(= obeyed ; cf.
UNRECALLiNG) Ant. III. xi. [xiii.] 77, -worthy
Cym. III. V. 94 ; all-watched (= tliat has all been
spent in watches) H6 iv. Chor. 38.
all-amort [Fr. a la mort ' to death '] : ' sick to
death,' dispirited, dejected Shr. iv. iii. 36, 1H6
HI. ii. 124.
allay sb. : means of abatement Wint. rv. i. [ii.] 9
to irhoxefeelin/i sorrows I might be some allay ; so
allay ment "Troil. iv. iv. 8, Cym. i. v. 22.
allaying: diluting Cor. ii. i. 53 not a drop of
allin/infi Tiber.
allegiant: giving allegiance, loyal H8 in. ii. 177
ulleyiant thanks.
- AMEBCE
All-Hallond eve : eve of All Saints' Day, Meas.
II. i. 135. AU-Hallowmass : Nov. 1st, Wiv.
I. i. 211 All-J/iilhjwn„iss 1, 1st, a f.ehii.jhl before
Michaelmas. All-Hallown summer, spell
of fine weather in the late autuiun ; tig. vigour
lasting on into later life 1H4 i. ii. 177.
all hid: children's cry at the game of hide-and-
seek or blindman's-buff LLL. iv. iii. 78.
alliance : marriage Ado n. i. 332, Rom. ii. iii. 91.
allied : related, connected Gent. iv. i. 49, Meas.
III. ii. Ill the vice is of a great kindred ; it is ivella.
allot: to appoint 1H6 v. iii. 55 Thou art allotted to
he ta'en by me,
allottery: share, portion AYL. i. i. 78 the poor
(illottery my father left vie.
allow (the foil, are the less common S. uses)
1 to approve, .sanction, license Tw.N. i. ii. 57, I. v.
100 an allowed fool, Tim. v. i. 167 Allowed wilh
absolute power, Lr. n. iv. 194.
2 to grant, admit 2H4 i. iii. 5, Lucr. 1845 ; also
with o/Tw.N. IV. ii. 64 ere 1 will a. of thy wits.
3 to assign as one's due Mer.V. iv. i. 304 the law
allows it [the pound of flesh].
4 refl. to lend itself Lr. ui. vii. 105 his roguish
madness Allows itself to any thing.
allowance : admission or acknowledgement of a
claim Troil. i. iii. 377, Ham. in. ii. 32 in your
allowance, 0th. ii. i. 49.
all-thing: in every way Mac. in. i. 13 all-thing
unbecoming.
ally (cf. allied) : kinsman, relative AYL. v. iv.
196, Rom. III. i. 115.
allycholly : corr. of ' mallycholly ', old form of
'melancholy' Gent. iv. ii. '28, Wiv. i. iv. 160.
Almain : German 0th. u. iii. 87.
almost : used to intensify a rhetorical question
.Julm IV. iii. 43. Tf A16th-18th cent. use.
alms-basket: to live on the alms-basket., to live upon
l)ublic charity LLL. v. i. 42.
alms-deed : act of charity 3H6 v. v. 79 murder
is thy iilms-deed.
alms-drink: remains of liquor reserved for alms-
folk, leavings Ant. n. vii. 5.
alms-man : man supported by alms, beadsman
R2 III. iii. H'i an alms-man's gown.
alone : having no equal, unique Gent. ii. iv. 168
She is a., Ant. iv. vi. 30 a. the villain of the earth.
alter : to exchange Tw.N. ii. v. 173 She that would
alter services with thee.
amain : with full force or speed Tp. iv. 1. 74, her
peacocks fly amain, Troil. v. viii. 13 cry you all a.
amaze sb. : extreme astonishment LLL. ii. i. '244.
amaze vb. : to bewilder, perplex John iv. iii. 140
/ am a ma id . . . and lose my way, Ven. 684.
amazement: bewilderment, perplexity, distrac-
tion, frenzy Meas. iv. ii. '220, John v. i. 35, Troil.
V. iii. 85, Ham. in. iv. Ill amazement on thy
mother sits. ^ The mod. sense of ' ovei-whelniing
wonder' occurs, e.g. Ham. in. ii. 346.
Amazonian : resembling an Amazon or female
warrior 3H6 1. iv. 114, Cor. n. ii. 96 his Amazonian
chin (' beardless ').
ambition: object of strong desire Ham. in. iii.
.55 3Iy crown, mitie own ambition, and my r/uien.
ambuscado: ambush Rom. i. iv. 85.
amend (<f. the much more freq. mend)
1 to correct, reform, improve LLL. iv. iii. 76 Ood
amend us, 1H4 in. i. 179, 2H4 1. ii. 143 ; to repair,
mend Cor. iv. vii. 12 I must excuse What cannot
be amended.
2 to become better, recover Tp. v. i. 115 Th' afflic-
tion of my mind amends, Tw.N. i. v. 53.
amerce: to punish Rom. in. i. 196 I'll amerce you
Willi, so strong ajine.
2
AMES-ACES -
ANTIC
ames-aces: two aces, the lowest possible throw
at dice All'sW. ii. iii. 85.
amiable (2 the commou use in S."s time ; the
mod. sense is later)
1 of love Wiv. II. ii. 248 an umiaUe nieye, Ado in.
iii. 160 tltis amiable encounter.
2 lovable, lovely Ado v. iv. 48, MND. iv i. 2 thy
muiablc cheeks, Shr. V. ii. 142, 0th. in. iv. 60.
amiss (thrice only in S. , and somewhat rare other-
wise ; cf. MISS sb.)
1 misdeed, fault Sonn. xxsv. 7 Myself corrupfimj,
sahhw thy amiss, cli. 3.
2 calamity Ham. iv. v. 18 prologue to some great a.
am.ong°: eeer among, all the while 2H4 v. iii. 22
And ever among so iiurrily.
am.ort : see all-amort.
ample : fully, completely All'sW. m. v. 43, Tim.
I. ii. 138 how ample you're beloi'il.
an' (in old edd. often and, of which it is only a
clipped fonn)
1 if (freq.) ; even if, though (Mer.V. i. ii. 95) ; also
an '/Tp. II. ii. 125, Mer.V. iv. i. 446 ; what an if,
though Tit. IV. iv. 9.
2 whether MND. v. i. 196.
3 as if MXD. i. ii. 87 ^Ff, Qq and, mod. edd. as),
H5 II. iii. 11.
an- : see an edge, an-end.
anatomize (old edd. anathomizt)
1 to dissect Lr. in. vi. 80 let them anatomize Regan.
2 to lay open minutely, analyse (cf. annothaxize)
AYL. I. i. 165, AllsW. iv. iii. 37, Lucr. 1450.
anatomy (popular word in sense 1 ; survives dia-
lectally as atomy)
1 skeleton Err. v. i. 239, John in. iv. 40 that fill
anatomy [i.e. Death]. [in. iii. 105.
2 applied depreciatively to the bodily frame Rom.
anchor sb. : anchorite, hermit Ham. in. ii. 231.
anchor vb. (literal phrases are used in 2H6 iv. i.
9, Lr. IV. vi. 19)
1 to tix tirmly R3 iv. iv. 232, Ant. i. v. 33 There
/could he aiuhor his aspect.
2 to fix one's thoughts Meas. n. iv. 4, Cym. v. v.
394 Posthuiiius anchors upon Imogen.
anchorage* : set of anchors belonging to a ship
Tit. I. i. 73.
ancient (corruption of ' ensign ', which in its
early forms was confused with 'ancyen', &c.,
contemporary forms of ' ancient ')
1 ensign, standard 1H4 iv. ii. 34 an old faced a.
2 standard-bearer, ensign 1H4 iv. ii. 26, 2H4 n. iv.
73, 0th. I. i. 33, &c.
ancientry (1 F, aunchentry ; 2 a 16th cent, use)
1 old-fashioned style Ado n. i. 81 state and a.
2 old people Wint. ill. iii. 62 wronging the ancientry.
and:
1 joins two nouns (forming the figure called
hendiadys) one of which is logically in adject-
ival relation to the other ; or two adjs. the first
of which is adverbial to the second : tediousness
and /»-oft.v,« = tedious process R2 n. iii. 12, flint
and hardHcss = Kn\iy hardness Ant. iv. ix. 16;
slow and moling ^slovfly moving 0th. iv. ii. 54.
2 =an ' q.v.
andirons: fire-dogs Cvni. n. iv. S8 her andirons . . .
tiro innkixg Ciipids Ofsihir. [1H4 in. i. 132.
an edge (moil. odd. on. idiji) : Wint. iv. ii. [iii. J 7,
an-end (this form survives dialectally)
1 still an-end : continually Gent. iv. iv. 68.
2 on end 2H6 in. ii. 318, Ham. i. v. 19 each particular
hair to stand an-end, in. iv. 121.
angel (tlie sense of ' ministering spiiit, divine
niessciipcr ' is freq. ; angels nf light Err. iv. iii. 55)
1 j.'tuius. demon Mac. v. vii. 43 [viii, 14] the angil
uhom thou . . . hast sirc'd.
2 (a) good genius; (b) darling C'ivs. in. ii. 186*
Brutus . . . teas Cusar's angel.
3 gold coin having as its device the archangel
Michael, value from 6s-. 8/. to 10s. according to
the period John n. i. 590 ; often used punningly
Wiv. I. iii. 62, 2H4 i. ii. 189 ; hence ancient angel,
a fellow of th'old, sound, honest, and worthie
stanipe ' (Cotgr. s. v. ' Angelot ") Shr. iv. ii. 61.
angerly : angrily Gent. i. ii. 60, Mac. ni. v. 1 how
now, Hecate .' yon look nngerly.
ang°le sb.' : fishing-hook or line Ant. n. v. 10 ; flg.
Wint. IV. i. 51 [ii. 52], Ham. v. ii. 66.
ang'le sb.- : corner Tp. i. ii. 223((« odd a. of the isle,
angle vb. : to fish with a rod ; flg. to use artful
means to catch a person All'sW. v. iii. 214 i>he . . .
did angle for me, Ant. ii. v. 16.
an-heir(e)S : Wiv. n. i. 227. See MYNHEERst-
an-hungry : hungry Cor. i. i. 211.
a- night : at night AYL. n. iv. 47 coming a-night to
Jane Smile.
annexion : addition, adjunct t'ompl. 208 With the
annexions of fair gems enrich'd.
annexzaent : adjunct, appendage Ham. in. iii. 21
£nrh small unnijiiu nt, ["Ity consK/mncc.
annothanize iQq, P^i) prob. for anatomize (Ff2 3 4) :
to explain, interpret LLL. iv. i. 70.
anon (like 'presently', 'anon' meant orig.
' straightway ', ' at once ')
1 soon, in a little while, presently ; = a waiter's
' coming ' 1H4 ii. i. 5 ; till anon, for a while Ant.
II. vii. 45.
2 now again, presently again LLL. iv. ii. 6 ; erer
and anon, every now and then LLL. v. ii. 101.
ans'wer sb. (the foil, uses are somewhat technical)
1 reply made to a charge, defence, account 2H6 ii.
i. 201 callthese foul offenders to their ansuers, Cor.
HI. i. 176, Ci»s. I. iii". 114.
2 anything done in return, corresponding or
resulting action, retaliation, punishment H5 ii.
ii. 143 to the a. of the law, iv. vii. 143 quite from
the answer of his degree (= not bound to answer
the challenge of one beneath his rank), Cym. v.
iii. 79 Great the skeughter . . . gnat the answer ;
in fencing, the return hit Tw.N. in. iv. 308,
Ham. V. ii. 283 in a. of the third exchange.
answer vb. ('reply', 'correspond to', 'satisfy",
are freq. senses)
1 to return, requite Wiv. iv. vi. 10 hath answir'd
my affection.
2 to atone for Ctes. in. ii. 86 grievously hath Casnr
answer d it.
3 to render account of lH4iv. ii. 8, Ham. in. iv. 176
I will . . .a. will Thi death I gave him, Cym. in. v. 42.
4 to act in conformity with, obey Tp. i. ii. 190 To
answer thy best pliasure.
answerable (only thrice in S.)
1 accountable 1H4 n. iv. 579 if he have robb'd these
mi II, He shall be answerable.
2 corresponding, suitable Shr. it. i. 353 all things
ansirerable to this portion, Oth. i. iii. 351.
anthem : song of grief or mourning Gent. iii. i.
241, Yen. S3n; Plia-n. 21.
Anthropophaginian : Wiv. iv. v. 10, one of the
Aiithiiipiipliiiiii i(ith. I. iii. 144) or cannibals.
antic(k (ni old edd. a'ntick or a'ntiqtie in all uses)
adj. fantastic, grotesque, ludicrous Rom. i. v. 60,
n. iv. 30, Ham. i. v. 172 To put an antic disposition
on, Sonn. xix. 10.
sb. 1 grotesque entertainment LLT,. v. i. 122 page-
ant, or antick, or firi-iiork.
2 burlesque performer, buffoon. mcrrj--andrew
Ado MI. i. 63. R2 iii. ii. 162 the untick [Death],
Troil. v. iii. 86 Like williss nnticks.
antic vb. : to make like btitfoons Ant. u. vii. 132.
ANTICKLY -
— APFBOBATION
antickly : fiintastically Ado v. i. 96 Go untickli/,
>/«)((' outiiiinl hiiUoasHCus.
antipathy : contrariety of feeling or disposition
Lr. ir. ii. 92.
Antipodes : tliose who dwell on the opposite side
..f the glolio Mer.V. v. i. 127, K2 in. ii. 49
iiitiiihriii;! aitli the Antijwdts.
antiquary: ancient Troil. ii. iii. 265 the a. times.
antiquity: old age 2H4 i. Li. 211 blasted iiitli
uittiquilij Sonn. Ixii. 10.
antre : caveni Otli. i. iii. 140 anires vast and
disarts idle.
ape (allusion iji Ham. in. iv. 194 like the /anions
ape, is obscure)
1 imitator Wint. v. ii. 112, C'ym. ii. ii. i31 skip!
thou ape of death.
2 fool C'yui. IV. ii. i^-ljollitij for apes.
3 /((((/ ajies in lull, the supposed conseiiuentc of
dying an old maid Slir. ii. i. 34.
ape-bearer: one who carries a monkey about lor
exhibition Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 102.
a-pieces : in or to pieces H8 v. iv. 82 heiii;/ torn a.
apoplezed: paralysed Ham. in. iv. 73 tlial sense
Is ajiojiU.r'd.
apostroplias : ?read ' apostrophus ' (usu. 16tli-
IStli cent, form) = apostrophe LLL. iv. ii. 124*
Yon find not the a., and so miss the aectitf.
appaid : contented, satisfied Lucr. 914.
apparent adj. (most freq. in sense 1)
1 evident, plain Gent. in. i. 116 Without ajijiarint
hazard of his life, Oas. ii. i. 198.
2 seeming Mer.V. iv. i. 21 thy struni/e-a. cruelty.
sb. = heir apparent 3116 n. ii. 64 as apparent to the
croirn ; fig. claimant Wint. i. ii. 177 Aext to thy-
xclf . . ., he's Apparent to my heart.
apparently: evidently, openly En\ iv. i. 19 If he
should scorn me so apparently.
appeach (2 peculiar to S.)
1 to inform against, impeach R2 v. ii. 79, 102.
2 to give accusatory evidence AU'sW. i. iii. 199
your passions Have to the full appeach'd.
appeal sb. : impeachment, accusation R2 i. i. 4 to
make f/ood the . . . late appeal. Ant. in. v. 12.
appeal vb. : to accuse, impeach R2 i. i. 9 // he
appeal the duke, i. iii. 21.
appeared (Ft) : made evident Cor. iv. iii. 9 your
favour is irell a. {approvuli) by your fonr/iie.
appellant (Ff appmlant) : adj. accusing or im-
peaching another of treason R2 i. i. 34 Come I
appellant to this princely presowe, iv. i. lOi Lords
A ppellanis (Fi: fl.oi'eidji). — sb. one who challenged
another to single combat to prove upon his body
the treason or felony of which he ' appealed '
him R2 i. iii. 4 the s^tminons of the appellant's
trumpet, 2H6 II. iii. 49. [105.
appendix: adjunct (said of a bride) Shr. iv. iv.
apperil : peril, risk Tim. i. ii. 33 Let me stay at
thiiit appiril.
appertaining' : appropriate to Rom. in. i. 68.
appertainin^s (S.): belongings, appurtenances
Conipl. 115.
appertainments (S.) : rights, prerogatives Troil.
n. iii. 88 We lay by Our appertainments.
appertinent (by-form of 'appurtenant' after
Latin ' pertinere')
adj. I)eh>ni;ing or becoming to LLL. i. ii. 17, 2H4 i.
ii. 196 ijit'ts apptrtinent to num.
ah. pi. tilings pertaining (to a person) H5 il. ii. 87
((// appirtinenis Belonyiiif/ to his honour.
applaud: to approve of, praise Gent. i. iii. 48 0:
that our fathers ivould applaud our loves, Mac. in.
ii. 46, Per. ii. v. 58.
applause: approbation, approval AYL. i. ii. 2S0
Bijh Lommcndation, true upplauH.
apple of the eye; the pupil of the eye, so calif I
because it was supposed to be a solid s'oljulai-
body MIsD. ni. ii. 104; LLL. v. ii. 476* laauh
upon the apple of htr (ye ('laugh upon her i.i
a very affectionate manner').
apple-john: kind of apple said to keep two years
and to be in perfect condition when shrivelled
and withered 2H4 n. iv. 5.
appliance (the mei.icinal sense colours most uses)
1 (a) willing service ; (b) medicinal treatment
All'sW. II. i. \h'>* I conutotender . . . uiy applianci .
2 remedy, medicinal application H8 i. i. 124 that's
theupptiance onlyM'liivh yourdisease rc'iuires, Ham.
IV. iii. 10, Per. in. ii. 86.
3 means, apparatus 2H4 in. i. 29 With all (qipliaiuis
and nu(ins to lout.
application : administration of a medicament,
iiifdicinal treatment AH'sW. i. ii. 74.
apply (used freq. with ref. to the application of
remedies ; the foil, are rare uses)
1 apply for, interpret as Caes. n. ii. 80 these dots she
apply for ivarninys.
2 to attend assiduously to Mac. in. ii. 30 Let your
remembrance apply to Banf/uo.
3 to be suitable to Wiv. ii. ii. 252.
appoint (the more usual senses are 'determiue',
' designate ', ' nominate ')
1 to arrange (e. g. a meeting) Tit. iv. iv. lui.
2 to equip, chiefly in pa. pple. Wint. iv. iii. [iv. ]
605 To hare you royally appoinlul, H5 in. Clior. 4
The icell-appointid kiny ; also retl. and fig. Wint.
I. ii. 326* To appoint myself in tliis vexation.
3 to assign, grant C«s. iv. i. 30 / do appoint him
store of provender.
appointment (the sense ' engagement, assigna-
tion ' and 3 are equally common)
1 resolution, purpose Ant. iv. x. 8*.
2 direction, dictation H8 n. ii. 134 tluit yood fellow
. . .follows my appointment.
3 equipment, accoutrement R2 ni. iii. 53 Our
fair appointments.
apprehend (1 the commonest meaning ; mod.
sense 'anticipate with dread' barely appears:
cf. Troil. in. li. 78)
1 to seize, arrest 0th. i. i. 178, ii. 77.
2 to understand Ado n. i. 85 you apprehend iiaxxinr/
shrewdly.Cym. in. iii. 17.
3 to conceive, imagine MND. v. i. 5, 1H4 i. iii. 209
He apprehuuls a world offiyures here.
apprehension (4 tends to "pass into the mod. sense
' anticipation with dread ')
1 seizure, airest 3H6 in. ii. 122, Lr. in. v. 20 that
he may he ready for our apprehension.
2 physical perception MND. in. ii. 178 The ear
more quick of apprehension. Cor. ii. iii. 232.
3 mental perception, understanding, grasp of mind
H5 in. vii. 150 // the English had any a., Troil.
II. iii. 125 his evasion . . . Cannot ouljiy our as.
Ham. II. ii. 326 [iii. 319] in a. how like a nod!;
quickness of wit Ado in. iv. 67 ; 1H6 n. iv. 102*
(or, conception, i. e. of my father and me).
4 conception, imagination Meas. in. i. K Tlie sense
of death is most in a., R2 l. iii. 300 thea. oftheyood,
Ham. IV. i. 11 in this brainish a., Cym. iv. ii. 110.
apprehensive: possessed of intelligenceornnder-
standing. quick to perceive or learn AU'sW. i. ii.
tiO, 2H4 IV. iii. 107, Cses. in. i. 67 men are fiesh
and blood, and apprehensive.
approach: liostile advance, attack John v. ii. 131
This apish and linnuinnerly approach, Tim. v. i.
169 Of Atcibiades the approaches wild ; inf a river)
H8 in. ii. 190.
approhation Oion-techuical seiiso of ' approval,
assent ' also occurs)
AFPROOF - i
1 confiniiation, attestation, pioof Wiiit. ii. i. 176,
H5 I. ii. 19, Cym. i. iv. I'i9 put . . . on the ujiprv-
hation of tvlint I liate spoke.
2 sanction H8 l. ii. 71 Jii/ harned a. of the judijis.
3 probation, novitiate Meas. i. ii. 189 the doidcr
otlii; And there recehe her approbation.
approof (not freq. outside S., wlio lias 4 examples)
1 trial, proof All'sW. li. v. 'i of mliunt upproof { = oi
proved valour). Ant. iii. ii. 21 on thy approof {-on
tlie trial or proof of tliy conduct).
2 approbation Meas. ii. iv. 175 Either of condemna-
tion or approof; All'sW. i. ii. 50* So in approof
liees not his epitaph { = tlie truth of Lis epitaph is
in no way so fully confirmed).
appropriation: special attribute or excellence
(added to his onn i/ood parts) Mer.V. i. ii. 45.
approve (1 and 3 are freq. ; the ordinary mod.
.sense occure)
1 to prove, demonstrate to be true, corroborate,
confirm Mer.V. ill. ii. 79 approve it with a text,
All'sW. 111. vii. 13 icUirh well approves You're
greed in fortune, H8 ii. iii. 74, Mac. i. vi. 4, Ham.
I. 1. 29 He may approie our eyes, Cym. v. v. 246.
2 to convict Ado iv. i. 44 an approved nanton, 0th.
II. iii. 2\'i approv'd in this offence.
3 to put to the proof, test," try (esp. in pa. pple.)
Shr. 1. i. 7, R2 ll. iii. 44 more approved service,
1114 I. i. 54 valiant and approved Scot, Otli. i. iii. 77.
4 to commend Ham. v. ii. 142 (' would not be much
to my credit'). Per. ii. i. 56.
approver : one who malies a trial Cym. Ti. iv. 25.
appurtenance : that which belongs to something
Ham. II. ii. 397.
apricock : apricot MND. iii. i. 173, R2 iti. iv. 29.
apron-man: mechanic Cor. iv. vi. 97 i'ou, and
i/oar apron-uti a.
apt (1 is freq., but hardly passes into the mod.
' likely, calculated ' ; tlie sense ' fit, suitable " is
also freq.)
1 ready, prepared, willing Ado ii. i. 215, H5 ji. ii.
S6 how apt our love was to accord, Cses. iii. i. 160
so apt to die.
2 easily impressed, ready to learn Cor. iii. ii. 29,
Cses. v. iii. 68, Ham. i. v. 31 Ifnd thee apt.
3 natural Otli. ii. i. 299 'tis apt, and of yreat credit,
V. ii. 175.
aqua-vitae: ardent spirits Wiv. ii. ii. 322 my uqua-
litir lid/llc, Rom. IV. V. 16.
Aquilon: north wind Troil. iv. v. 9 paff'd A.
Arabian 'bird : phosnix ; fig. unique specimen
Ant. HI. ii. 12, Cym. i. vi. 17.
Arabian tree: tree of tlie phwnix Phoen. 2 (cf.
Tp. in. iii. 22-4).
araise: to raise from the dead All'sW. ii. i. 79.
arcll sb.' : v:alery arch, rainbow Tp. iv. i. 71;
raaUcd arch, heaven Cym. i. vi. 33.
arch:
adj. chief, prime, principal, pre-eminent R3 iv. iii.
2 Tlie Most arch deed of piteous massacre, H8 in. ii.
103 ; 3H6 ii. ii. 2 (arch-enemy), 0th. iv. i. 71 {arch-
mock) , Meas. v. i. 57 (arch-riUain). [patron.
sb.- chief, master Lr. li. i. 61 My worthy arch and
argal, arg'o : corruptions of ' ergo ', therefore
Ham. v. i. 13, &c. ; 2H6 iv. ii. 32.
arg'osy [orig. form ' ragusy ' = a vessel of Ragusa in
Sicily] : merchant vessel of the largest size and
burden Mer.V. i. i. 9, &c.
arg°ue: to prove, evince, betoken LLL. iv. ii. 57,
3H6 II. ii. 25 Which aryu'd tliee a tiiost unlnvimj
father, Ham. v. i. 11 itaryaesnn act, Lucr. 65.
argument (occurs 78 times in S., of which 18 have
the sense ' debate, discussion ')
1 itroof, evidence. Ado ii. iii. 254 [242] no yreat
arjument of lur folly.
-AKT
2 subject of contention or debate H5 in. i. 21
sheatlCd their swords for lack of a., Mac. ii. iii. 127.
3 subject-matter of discourse, tJieme, subject Ado
I. i. 266, 1H4 II. ii. 104 it would be aryument for a
week, II. iv. 314, Sonn. xxxviii. 3, Ixxvi. 10.
4 summary of tiie subject-matter of a book Ham.
III. ii. 150 ; fig. contents Tim. ii. ii. 188 /// would
. . . try the aryument of hearts.
Ariachiie: incorrect for 'Arachne', who chal-
lenged Athene to a weaving match ; the goddess
tore up A.'s web, and A. hanged herself, but
Atliene clianged her into a spider Troil. v. ii. 152.
arithmetic: computation, calculation Cor. in. i.
244 'tis odds beyond arithnutic.
arm vli. : to take in one's arms Cym. iv. ii. 400.
armado : fleet of ships Err. in. ii. 141 whole arnai-
dois of carracks, John in. iv. 2.
arm-gaunt": (a) lean from bearing arms or from
much warlike service ; (b) with gaunt limbs
Ant. I. v. 48.
armipotent : mighty in arms LLL. v. ii. 647
aniiipotiiU Mars, All'sW. iv. iii. 266.
arms : military profession 1H6 ii. i. 43 since first
I fotlow'd arms.
aroint thee !-. avaunt, begone Mac. i. iii. 6, Lr. in. iv.
127. ^Cf. the north-country 'roint' or 'rynt
thee ' = get out of the way.
a-row : one after another Err. v. i. 170.
arrant : thoroughgoing, out-and-out (freq.) H5
in. vi. 64. ^ Tlie orig. application was to ' thief '
(cf. Tim. IV. iii. 443) ; an arrant ( = errant) thief
was an outlawed robber roving about the country.
arras: hanging screen of tapestry placed round
the walls of household apartments, often at such
a distance from them as to allow of people being
concealed in the space between Wiv. iii. iii. 97,
Ham. n. ii. 163.
arrearag'es: arrears Cym. ii. iv. 13 grant the
tribnti , St nil the arrearages.
arrest sb. (always with legal or judicial reference)
1 under (an) arrest, under legal restraint, arrested
Meas. I. ii. 1-U, R2 iv. i. 158.
2 order, decree Ham. ii. ii. 67 he . . . sends out
arrests On Voriinbras.
arrest vb. (usu. in sense ' to apprehend ' a pei-son)
1 to seize (property; by legal warrant Wiv. v. v. 121
his horses are arrested for ii.
2 to take as security (hg.) Meas. ii. iv. 135 I do
arrest your words, LLL. ii. i. 159.
arrivance (Qq Ff -ancie, -uncy) : people arriving
0th. II. i. 42.
arrive (1 is close to the etymol. meaning, Latin
' arripare ' to bring ashore ; cf. ' 1 aiyve or come
newly to a porte by sea ', Palsgr.)
1 to land at 3H6 v. iii. 8 have arriv'd our coast,
Cks. I. ii. 110.
2 to reach Cor. ii. iii. 189 arriving A place of potency
and sway o' the state, Lucr. 781.
3 arrive at, attain to Tim. iv. iii. 514.
art (4 short for 'art magic ', Latin ' ars magica')
1 skill (esp. opposed to ' nature ') : skill in a par-
ticular science MND. i. i. 192, Rom. ii. iv. 97 by
art as irell as by nature, Mac. iv. i. 101 ;/ your
art ('((», /(// so murh (cf. sense 41, Ven. 291.
2 learning, science Wiv. in. i. 109, LLL. iv. ii. 115
all those pleasures. . . that art irouldconiiiri lieiid; pi.
with allusion to the ' liberal arts ' studied in the
middle ages LLL. ii. i. 45, Shr. i. i. 2, Per. ii. iii.
82 Ml/ education been in arts and arms, Sonn.
Music 13 [Pilgr. 223].
3 practical application of a science H5 i. i. 51 the
art and practic part of life ; fig. experience Lr. iv,
vi. 227; (';vs. iv. iii. 193-4 (' liis art had not be-
come a second nature ').
ABTKUB —
4 magic Tp. i. ii. 1, &c., 1H4 m. i, 48, IHG ii. i. 15
Cun/riv'd hy art find baleful sorcery.
5 artifice Compl. 295 his passion, but an a. of craft.
6 cunning Honn. cxxxix. 4 slay me not by art.
Arthur (2 perhaps suggested by place-names such
as ' Arthur's Head ', ' Arthur's Seat ')
1 Arthur's show, exhibition ot archery by the
'Order of Knights of Prince Arthur's Kound
Table', or 'the fellowship of Prince Arthur's
Knights ', a society of archers which met on
Mile-end Green 2H4 iii. ii. 303.
2 Arthur's bosom, jocular alteration of 'Abraham's
bosom ' (Luke xvi. 22) H5 ii. iii. 9.
article (in 1 and 2 'matter, business, concern'
seems to be the underlying meaning)
1 ofqreat article*, of great moment, of importance;
of ^arge scope Ham. v. ii. 123.
2 the article of thy gentry, tlie character of thy rank
^Viv. II. i. 53.
articulate vb. : to come to terms Cor. i. ix. 77 Ttie
liisf, iiilli irliom ire may articulate.
articulate pa. pple.: set forth in articles, specified
1H4 V. i. 72 These thinr/s . . . you haie arlicniale.
artificial (the sense ' produced by art (not nature) '
becomes common after S.: 3H6 iii. ii. 184)
1 skilled in constructive art MND. iii. ii. 203 like
two artificial i/otls.
2 .skilful, cunning Per, v. i. 72 thy prosperous and
artificial feat.
3 a. strife, the vying of art with nature Tim. i. i. 38.
artist (only 3 exx.; both .senses are common Eliz.)
1 one learned in the ' liberal arts ', scholar Troil. i.
iii. 24, Per. ii. iii. 15.
2 professor of the liealing art, medical practitioner
AllsW. II. iii. 10.
artless: unskilful Ham. iv. v. 19 So full of artless
jealousy is guilt.
as (the following are common old uses, now obs.
in literary English)
1 =t!iat K3 I. iv. 289 coward as thou art.
2 ' as ... as ' =though, however Ado i. i. 120 as like
him ns she is, like liim though she is, liowever
like liim she may be.
3 =so that Shr. Ind. i. 70, Sonn. Ixii. 8.
4 =asifTp. II. i. 1'28, H5ii. iv.'20. Ham. iv. vii.87;
esp. in as it nere.
5 redundant in as how AYL. iv. iii. 143. (Contrast
Ham. IV. vii. 58.)
Ascanius: son of ^Eneas 2H6 iii. ii. 116.
ash : spear of ash-wood C'or. iv. v. 114 My grained a.
asinico : see as.sinego.
askance : to turn aside Lucr. fi37 askance their ryes.
aslant (Qq ascaunt) : across, athwart Hani. iv. vii.
167 aslant a brook.
aspe'ct ('look, appearance, air' is the most freij.
meaning)
1 look, glance Err. it. ii. 115, Ant. i. v. 33 There
woul<l lie anchor liis aspect.
2 the relative positions of the lieavcnly bodies as
they appear to an observer on the eartli's surface
at a given time, and the influence attributed
thereto Wint. ii. i. 106, 1H4 i. i. 97, Troil. i. iii.
92 the ill aspects of planets evil , Lr. ii. ii. 112, Lucr.
14, Sonn. xxvi. 10. [45.
aspen : of the asp tree, Populus tremula Tit. ii. iv.
aspersion: sprinkling (of dew) Tp. iv. i. 18 Xo
sitcet aspersion shall the heavens let fall.
aspic: asp, venomous serpent 0th, in. iii. 451,
Ant. v. ii. 295.
aspire (2 not common before the Eliz. period; 3 is
Eliz., now obs.)
1 to be ambitious Gent. in. i. 154, R2 v. ii. 9.
2 to rise, mount up Wiv. v. v. 103 tchose flames
aspire, Lucr. 548.
-ASTBJEA
3 to mount up to Rom. in. i. 123 hath a-'d the clouds.
ass: Lr. i. iv. 178 thou borest thine ass (allusion to
jEsop's fable of the man, his son, and the ass) ;
C'or. II. i. 65 the a.<is in compound with the major
•part of your syllables (' .S. was thinking of the
little Latin he learnt at school, and the "As in
pracsenti ", &c.').
assail (special sense) : to address with offers of
love, woo Tw.N. i. iii. 61, Kom. i. i. 219, Cym. n.
iii. 44, Sonn. xli. 6 Beauteous thou art, tlurefore
to be assail'd.
assault : love-proposal, wooing Meas. in. i. 187,
Ado II. iii. 129.
assay sb. (cf tlie vb.; 3 was in use down to 1700)
1 trial, test Meas. in. i. 102, Tim. iv. iii. 408, Ham.
II. i. 65 with <issays of bias, 0th. i. iii. 18 By no
assay of reason.
2 effort Mac. iv. iii. 143 The great assay of art.
3 attack, assault H5 i. ii. 151 {essaysi)', Ham. n. ii.
71 To give the assay of arms.
assay vb. (now almost superseded by ' essay ' ex-
cept in the sense of testing metals)
1 to try, attempt Meas. i. iv. 76 Assay the poiver you
hare. Ham. iv. vii. 152, 0th. ll. iii. 209 passion . . .
Assays to lead the nay.
2 to learn by experience Compl. 156 The destin'd ill
she must In rsdf assay.
3 to assail with worcis, accost, address with pro-
posals of love Wiv. II, i. '25 thai he dares in this
manner a. me, Meas. i. ii. 192 bid herself a. him.
4 to challenge to a trial of strength or skill 1H4 v.
iv. 34, Ham. ni. i. 14 Bid you assay him To any
pasliine ?
assemblance : semblance, appearance 2H4 in. ii.
1:80 the . . . big assembla)tce of a man.
ass-head (with 1 cf. Wiv. i. iv. 131 i'ou shall hare
An fool's-head of your own)
1 yoti see an ass-hend of your oun MND. ill. i. 122* ;
a way of calling a person a fo(d.
2 dolt, blockhead Tw.N. v. i. 214 «)j ass-head and
a coxcomb.
assign : appurtenance Ham. v. ii, 157 six French
rapiers . . . with their a.isigns.
assinegfo (Q Ff asinico) : ass Troil. ii. i. 49.
assist : to attend, accompany Tp. i. i. 59, Wint. v.
i. 113 Yourself, amsUd with your honour'd friends ;
alisol. Cor. v. v. [vi.] 156.
assistance : body of associates Cor. iv. vi. 33
affecting one .sole throne, Without assista)ice. ^ In
liLL, V, i. 131 Qq Ff have assist((nts, mod. edd,
assistance : see the commentators.
associate: to accompany, escort, attend Cor. iv.
vi. 77, Tit. V, iii. 169, Koni. v. ii, One of our
order, to associate me. [-04.
assubjugate: to reduce to subjection Troil. ii. iii.
assume: to claim, lay claim to Mer,V, ii. ix. 51 /
will assutiie desert, Per. i, i, 61.
assurance (2 cf assure 1)
1 pledge, guarantee Tw,N. i. v. 193, iv. iii. 26, 3H6
IV. i. 141 Gire me assurance with some friendly voir.
2 conveyance or settlement of property, legal evi-
dence of this Shr. n. i, 390, ill. ii. 137, &c.
3 confidence, certainty, security Ado n. ii. 50,
Mac. IV. i. 83, Ham. v. i. 125 ; for {more, better)
assurance, to increase confidence or certainty Tp.
V. i. 108, MND, III. i. 21, Shr. v. ii. 65,
assure (the following are special uses)
1 to convey (property) to a person Shr. n. i. 373.
2 to promise in marriage, betroth Err. in. ii. 146
swore I was assured to her, John ii. i. 535.
astonish: to stun, dismay H5 v. i. 40, 2H6 v. i.
146, f'xs. I. iii. 56 Such dreadful hiralds to astonish
us, Lucr. 1730,
Astrsea : goddess of justice 1H6 i. vi. 4.
ASTRONOMER —
10
AUGER
astronoiuer : one wlio professes a knowledge ol
the intiuenceof t lie stars on Imman attaiis, astro-
loger Troil. V. i. 103, Cj'm. m. ii. l'7 ; so astro-
nomical Lr. I. ii. 170, and astronomy Sunn.
xiv. 2.
Atalanta : famous for her swiftness of foot AYL.
HI. ii. 156 Atnlanta's letter part*, 295.
Ate : goddess of niisrliief Jolin ii. i. 63 An Ate, stir-
riiui him to . .. strife ; (hence) pi. incitements to
iiiiseliief LLL. v. ii. 692 More Ates, more Ates ! sitr
ihem on !
athwart adv.: from an unexpected fjuarter, per-
versely, awry Meas. l. iii. 30 ([Uitc atliwnrt Goes all
chroritiii, 1H4 I. i. 36.
Atlas: giant supposed to support tlie universe
3H6 V. i. .36.
atomy' (common Eliz.; used arcliaically ))y Tenny-
son and Kingsley)
1 atom, mote AYL. iil. ii. 246 to count atoiiiits.
2 tiny being, mite AYL. iii. v. 13.
atomy- (Q Yi anatomy) : living skeleton 2H4 v. iv.
3_'. (Cf. ANATOMY.)
atone dare before S.; 'atonement' is earlier, in
Sir T. More)
1 to set at one, reconcile E2 i. i. 202 Since ire can-
not atone yon, Tim. v. iv. 58, Otb. iv. i. 245.
2 to agree, unite AYL. v. iv. 117, (or. iv. vi. 73
(itn no more atone, Tlitin iiolenfe.it contra riify.
atonement: reconciliation 2H4 iv. i. 221, 'K3 i.
iii. 36.
Atropos: one of the Fates 2H4 it. iv. 212.
attach (orig. a law-tei-m = 'ariest', ' indict' ; the
meaning ' j lin ' is considerably post-S.)
1 to arrest or seize, as by authority of a writ (of
attachment) Err. iv. i. 74 / a. yoti hij this officer,
2114 IV. ii. 110 Of capital treason I attach you both,
H8 I. i. 217 ; fig. 2H4 n. ii. 3 ; hence attached =
atl'ected Tp. ni. iii. 5 atlach'd unth urariness, Troil.
V. ii. 1.58.
2 to seize with the hands LLL. iv. iii. 375 citry
man attach the hand Of Ids fair mistress.
attachment: arrest, confinement (fig.) Troil. iv.
ii. 5 soft attachment to thy senses.
attainder (the foil, senses are peculiar to S.)
1 conilemnation, dishonouring accusation LLL. i.
i. loti, L'2 IV. i. 24 the a, of liis slanilerons lips.
2 stain ot dishonour R3 in.' v. 31, H8 ll. i. 41.
attaint sb. (1 the orig. legal sense was ' conviction
of a. jury for giving a false verdict ' ; 2 cf. 'taint')
1 impeachment Lr. v. iii. 83 (Si arrest).
2 infecting influence H5 iv. Chor. 39*, Yen. 741
sichness, inhose attaint Disorder breeds.
3 stain on honour, purity, or freshness, disgrace
Err. III. ii. 16, Troil. i. ii. 26, Sonn. Ixx.xii. 2,
Lucr. 825 clear from tliis attaint of mine.
attaint vb. (2 cf. the aphetic form 'taint')
1 to convict ; to condemn (one convicted of treason
or felony) 1H6 ii. iv. 90% 2H6 n. iv. 69.
2 to sully, dishonour ]H6ii. iv. 92 attainted, Cor-
rupted, Sonn. Ixxxviii. 7 faults . . . therein I am
attainted, Sonn. Music iv. 46 [Pilgr. 344].
attaint pa. pple.:
1 infectedlhGv.v.Slnerer yet a. With any passion.
2 dishonoured LLL. v. ii. 827 )'om are attaint irith
faults and perjnry.
attaintnre* : (a) disgrace ; (b) attaindei-, conviction
2H6 I. ii. 106.
attask (S.) : to take to task, blame Lr. i. iv. ."^fig.
attempt sb.: warlike enterprise, attack .Fohn v. ii.
111. .Mac. III. vi. 39 some attempt at irar ; fig. Cym.
III. iv. 185 this attempt I'm soldier to.
attempt vb. (ordinary scn.se of 'endeavour" freq.;
2 is 16tli-17thc.)
1 to try to win, obtain, or subdue Wiv. iv. ii. 2.30,
Tim. I. i. 127, Lr. ii. ii. 129 him attrmptinr/ vho
iras self-suhdu'd.
2 to try to move or influence Mor.Y. iv. i. 422 I
■)iuist atlimjil ijoufurtlier. [iv. 69.
attemptable (ti-ibU) -. open to attempts Cym. i.
attend (freq., and in various senses ; 5 only once)
1 to listen to, heed Tp. i. ii. 78 Dost flioii attend me 'I,
3H6 II. i. 168, Cym. i. vi. 142, Lucr. 818.
2 to apply oneself to All's W. l. i. 4 / must attend
his majesty's command, 1H6 i. i. 173, Ant. ii. ii. 64.
3 to tend, watch, guard Gent. v. i. 10, Cym. i. vi.
197 in a triink. Attended by my men.
4 to wait for, await Wiv. i. i. 281, E2 i. iii. 116,
Mac. III. i. 45 Attend those men Our pleasure 1,
Ham. v. ii. 205, 0th. iii. iii. 281.
5 to expect Tim. iii. v. 104 Attend our neigh tier
jud(/ement. [11.
attent: attentive Ham. i. ii. 193, Per. iii. Gower
attest sli.: evidence, testimony Troil. v. ii. 119 the
atlist (Ff test) of eyes and ears.
attest vb. (recorded first from S., who, however,
does not use 1 with personal suhject)
1 to certify, vouch for Tw.N. v. i. 162 attested by
tlie lioli; close of lips, H5 Prol. 16.
2 to call'to witness Troil. ii. ii. 1.32 la. the ti<id:<.
attired: enwrapped Ado iv. i. 146 attir'd in iron-
der, Lucr. 1601 attir'd in discontent.
attorney' (a different word from the next, this
being from OFr. ' atom? ', that from 'atornee ')
1 agent, deputy Err. v. i. 100 I . . . Jeili heire tie at-
torney bat myself.
2 advocate, pleader All'sW. ii, ii. 24, R3 jv. iv. 414
Jle tlie attorney of my love to her, Yen. 335.
3 atlorney-fjenered, deputy under a general commis-
sion and representing his jn'incipal in all lecal
matters R2 ii. i. 204.
attorney- : appointment of a legal representative,
legal commission ; hence by attorney = bv proxv
AVL. IV. i. 97, R3 v. iii. 84 7, hy eiltorneij, ble^s
thee from thy mother.
attorneyed: performed 'by attorney 'or by proxy
Wint. I. i. .30 ; employed as an attorney Meas.
V. i. 386 Attorney'd at your serrice.
attorneyship: by attorneyship = '])y Attorney', bv
proxy 1H6 V. v. 56.
attractive : drawing as by magnetic influence
MXD. II. ii. 91 attractire eyes, Ham. iii. ii. 117.
attribute: credit, reputation Troil. ii. iii. 126,
Ham. I. iv. 22, Per. iv. iii. 18.
attritotition : praise 1H4 iv. i. 3 Such attribution
should the Ilinnjtas have.
attribvitive : tliatattributesqualitiesTroil.il. ii.
5S di inclin/able).
andible : (in active sense) quick of liearing Cor. iv.
v. 2:!'i ; adv. = audibly Meas. v. i. 40,>.
audience (1 the commonest S. use ; the sense
' assembly of li.steneis ' occurs 7 times)
1 liearing, attention to what is said Cor. lil. iii. 30
audicme ; peace 1 1 say, Ham. i. iii. 93, Ant. in.
X. [xii.] 21 ; hare a., to be heard LLL. v. i. 144 ;
I/ire (lend, rouchsnfe) audience, listen Cies. in. ii.
2 ; Compl. 278 ; LLL. v. ii. 314.
2 reception at an inteniew, formal interview
granted by a superior H5 i. i. 92 The French
ambassador . . . Crav'd audience. Cor. it. i. 82.
audit: statement of account, chiefly fig. H8 in. ii
142, Cor. I. i. 1.50 I can make my audit up. Ham.
in. iii. 82 how his audit stands, Sonn. iv. 12.
auditor (occurs only thrice in S.)
1 hearer, listener M'XD. in. i. 84 What I a play to-
irard? Ill be an auditor.
2 person appointed to examine accounts of money
1 H4 n. i. 63, Tim. n. ii. 166 the exartest auditors.
augfer : carpenter's tool for boring holes in wood
AUGUR —
Cur. IV. vi. 8S coiijiii'd Into iin «-'.< Ion ; avig"er-
liole Mac. II. iii. 129 rt(rr/n/f, Hid in an n.-huli.
aug'ur sb.: propliet Sonn. cvii. 6, Plioen. 7 Azii/nr
0/ /lie fern-' s inj. ^ In the technical sense S.
uses AUGURER, q. v.
aug'ur vb.: to prophesy Ant. it. i. 10 my a-ing hope.
augnre: augury Mac. in. iv. 12-i(Ffau(/MrtA', mud.
edd. aitgurn).
augurer: augur, religious official among the
Komans whose duty it was to foretell future
events from the observation of omens C;ies. ii. ii.
37 ihefiiiy^irers. ..Plucking the enirails of an offer-
ing forth, Cor. II. i. 1.
augiiry : art of tlie augur, divination by omens
Ham. V. ii. 232 ; prophetic skill Gent. iv. iv. 74
if my augury deceive me not.
aunt (1 peculiar to S.; 2 common 17th c, sense)
1 old woman, gossip MN'D. ii. i. 51 The tvinetit aunt,
telling the saddest tale.
2 light woman "VVint. iv. ii. [iii.] 11.
auricular : perceived by the ear Lr. i. ii. 102 an
auricular asi'urance.
auspicious (not pre-S.; but 'auspiciously' is in
Drayton, 1596)
1 favourable, propitious Tp. i. ii. 182 .1 nmst
auspicious star, AirsW. iii. iii. 8.
2 betokening happiness, cheerful Ham. i. ii. 11 n i/h
one auspicious and one drajjping eye. [241.
authentic: of autliority, authoritative Wiv. ii. ii.
authority: those in office Cor. i. i. 16 What
authority surfeits on.
authorize (accented autho'ri-e in S."s time)
1 to sanction Sonn. xxxv. 6.
2 to vouch for Mac. ni. iv. 66 A leonuni's story . , .
Authorii'd by her grandam.
avail sb.: benefit, profit All'sW. i. iii. 192, iir. i.
22 for your nrails they fell.
avail vb. (2 intr. use (-refl.) is peculiar to S.)
1 to be of use to 1H6 in. i. 178, Lucr. 1273 it small
arai/s my mood.
2 '(. out of, avail oneself of, profit by Meas. iii. i. 243.
avaunt : order to be off H8 ii. iii. li) To give her the a.
ave : shout of welcome Meas. i. i. 70 A-s vehement.
Ave-Mary : number Ave-Maries, say the rosary
2116 I. iii. 59, 3H6 ii. i. 162.
aver : to assert the existence of Cym. v. v. 204.
avert : to turn away Lr. i. i. 214 To avert your lik-
iiii/ a more irorthier tray.
avised : spelling in old edd. of advised.
avoid (1,2, 3 common 16th-17thc.: 4 is a legal term)
1 to get rid of Wiv. in. v. 155, AYL. i. i. 27, Troil.
II. ii. 65 Hoir may I avoid . . . The wife I chose?
2 to withdraw, depart, retire Tp. rv. i. 142, "Wint.
I. ii. 462 let us avoid. Cor. iv. v. .34.
3 to depart from, quit Cor. iv. v. 25 a. the house.
4 to make void, refute (an accusation, &c.) Meas.
III. i. 200 (viz. 'by saying that he made trial of
you only '), AYL. v. iv. 103. [iv. 277.
avoirdupois (Q Ff haber-de-pois) : weight 2H4 ii.
avouch : guarantee, assurance Ham. i. i. 57 the . . .
/rue avouch Of mine onn eyes.
avouchnient : used for ' avouch ' H5 rv^. viii. 37.
await (iinlv two exx. in S. ; 1 is an unusual sense)
1 to ln,,k Jiut for 1H6 I. i. 48 Posterity, aicait for
irretclicd years.
2 to be in store for 2H6 i. iv. 35 What fate aivaits
the Duke of Suffolk? [echoed in line 67].
award : to adjudge, decree R3 n. i. 14.
away (1 arises from the ellipsis of some verb)
1 (cannot) get on ivith or tolerate 2H4 in. ii. 216.
2 rfiiiie aivay, come here, come along Tp. i. ii. 187,
Mac. III. v. 34; so bring nivay R2 n. ii. lo7.
aweless (rare, in senses not freq. in Eliz. period)
1 fearless John i, i. 266 The awehss Won,
11 — BAFFLE
2 tliat inspii-es no awe R3 n. iv. 52 /he iniiDcen/ anil
iiiveliss throne.
awful (sense 2 is comumn after S.)
1 commanding reverential fear or profound respect
Gent. i\. i. 46* (or sense 2), Shr. v. ii. 110, 2H6 v.
i. 98 an airful priiinly scip/rc.
2 profoundly lespectfuJ or levneiitial R2 in. iii. 76
To pay /luir an Jul dn/y.
awkward (root-meaning ' turned in a wrong
direction ' ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 perverse H5 ii. iv. 85 no sinister nor no a. claim.
2 untoward, unfavourable, adverse 2H6 in. ii. 83 by
aivkivard wind. . . Drove back, Per. v. i. 94.
3 uncouth, ungainly Troil. i. iii. 149 ridiculous and
aivkicard ac/ion.
axle-tree : used of the axis of revolution of the
heavens Troil. i. iii. (56.
ay adv. (all old edd. have the spelling T)
1 yes Tp. I. ii. 268 ; introducing a more forcible
statement than tlie preceding one Wint. n. i. 137.
2 used to introduce a question = Come ! Why! Tp.
n. i. 284 [276], Shr. v. ii. 42, Ant. in. viii. 38 [x. 29J.
ay interj. (old edd. ay, aye) : ah ! alas ! John in. i.
;M5 : esp. ay me .' (iS-eq.) Ham. ni. iv. 51, Ven. 187.
aye: ever; aye-remainine/ Per. in. i. 63 {nir-
rcmaininyf).
B
babe of clouts : rag doll John ni. iv. 58. ^ ' Babe
that children play with,' Palsgr.
baby of a e/irl : infant of a very young mother Mac,
in. iv. i06^
baccare : see backare.
Bacchanal (from Bacchus, the name of the Greek
and Roman god of wine) (i. 48.
1 priest, priestess, or devotee of Bacchus MN'D. v.
2 dance in honour of Pacchus Ant. n. vii. 111.
back sb. (1 said orig. of a sword which is all steel
from edge to back and not merely edged with
.steel ; 3 was common 1560-166(1)
1 meteil . . . steel to the very back, sound all tln-ough
Tit. IV. iii. 47.
2 rear of an armed force 2H4 i. iii. 79.
3 support, backing Ham. iv. vii. 153 this project
Should have a back or second.
back vb. (S. is earliest authority for both uses)
1 to mount 1H4 n. iii. 76, Cym. v. v. 428, Yen. 410.
2 is trith a vineyard back'd, has a vineyard at the
back of it Meas. iv. i. 31. " [i. 73.
backare (old edd. bac{c)are) : stand back ! Shr. n.
back-friend ; pretended or false friend Err. r\'.
ii. 37 (.with punning allusion to the sergeant
approaching from behind or clapping the man on
the back), •ff In the Warwickshire dialect ' back-
friend ' is a name for the troublesome agnail.
backsword-man : fencer at single-stick 2H4 in.
ii. 71. [I. iii. 133.
back-trick : (?) some figure in the galUard Tw. N.
backward : what lies behind, the past Tp. i. ii. 50.
backwardly: perversely Tim. in. iii. 18 And does
he think so backicard/y of me noic?
back-wounding : injuring treacherously from
behind Meas. in. ii. 201 back-iroiinding calumny.
bacon: (1) 'chaw-bacon ', rustic ; (2') fat man 1H4
11. ii. 99*.
badge : device, emblem, or mark on a piece of cloth
or of silver used to identify a knight or distin-
guish his followers 1H6 iv. i. 177 he iccars /he
badi/c of Somerse/, Lucr. 1054 ; (hence) token,
symbol Mer.V. i. iii. Ill, 2H4 iv. iii. 114 /he
badge of pusilliinimi/y, Sonn. xliv. 14 : so badged
(fig.) Mac. II. iii. 109 badg'd ivi/h blood (applied to
Duncans ' grooms ').
baffle: to subject (a perjured knight) to public in-
BAG- 1
famy by exhiliiting the picture of l.ini lianging
by the lieels 1H4 i. ii. 113; (hence) to disgrace,
treat with contumely Tw.N. ii. v. 177, R2 i. i. 170
ihs(jriu'<l, iiiijHdcli'd, and baffled, 2H4 v. iii. 106
And .shall qniid neirs he baffled?
bag and harjijeiije : (to retreat) with all belongings
.saved, without surrender of anytliing, and tliere-
iove lionourably AYL. ni. ii. 171, Wint. i. ii. 206.
bail sb. (2 not recorded before S.)
1 security given for the release of a prisoner Meas.
nr. ii. 44, All'sW. V. iii. 290 I'll put in hail.
2 person or persons wlio secure the release of
a prisoner by becoming surety for his appearance
in court All'sW. v. iii. 300, 2H6 v. i. Ill Sirrah,
call in my sons to he my had.
bail vb.' : to procure the liberation of (a person)
from arrest or prison by becoming bail for him
Tit. II. iii. 299 ; fig. Lucr. 1725.
bail vb.-: to confine, guard Sonn. cxxxiii. 10*.
bailiff (only once in S.) : officer of justice under
a sheriff, who executes writs, distrains, and
arrests Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 103.
bait (1 cf. haitiny-place 2H6 v. i. 150; 3 first in S.)
1 to set on dogs to bite and worry (an animal,
e.g. a bear, bull) 2H6 v. i. 148 ; (hence) to liarass,
worry Tw.N. in. 1. 132, R2 iv. i. 238 my ivretched-
1XSS doth hail myself, Mac. V. vii. 58 [viii. 29] hnited
ii'ith the rahhie's curse.
2 intr. halt at, harass R3 I. iii. 109 (Qq) so taunted,
scorn'el, and halted at (Ff so halted, scorn'd and
storni'd at).
3 to entice with bait (lit. and fig.) Err. ir. i. 94 Du
their i/ay vesliiienls his affections huitl, Mer.V.
111. i. 57 To bait Jiih tcithal.
baiting' of bombards : drinking deep H8 v. iv. 87.
Bajazefs luiile (unexplained) All'sW. iv. i. 46.
baked-iueats : moat jiies Rom. iv. iv. 5, Ham. i.
ii. \x^i tin fuiier<il bak'd meats. ^Bakemeate;-
I Fr.] ' viaiiile en paste ', Palsgr.
baker : Ham. iv. v. 43 the owl was a baker's daui/h-
li r ; the allusion is to a local legend to the effect
that our Lord, being churlishly refused bread by
a baker's daugliter,"turned her into an owl.
balance (1 cf. ' a pair of ballauce ', Fuller 1655 ; 2
and 3 are not pre-S.)
1 used as pi. Mer.V. iv. i. 255 Are there h. here?
2 scale-pan of a balance (fig.) R2 in. iv. 87.
3 iig. counterpoise, something of equal value
All'sW. II. iii. 183 to thy estate A h. more replete.
balance vb.: to give due weight to 2H6 v. i. 9.
bald (1 nonce-use peculiar to S.)
1 bare-headed Cor. iv. v. 206 stand bald before him.
2 meagre, trivial, palti-y Err. li. ii. 112, 1114 i. iii.
C5 This beild uniointed chat of his. [i. 169.
bale : injury ; have bah, get the worst of it Cor. i.
Ijalk (2 cf. ' in stiytful termes ... to balke," Spenser)
1 to let slip, fail to use, &c. Tw.N. iii. ii. 27, Lucr.
096 altogether balk The prey.
2 ballc logic, to chop logic, bandy words Phr. i. i. 34.
balked"* : (?) heaped up 1H4 i. i, 69 Balk'd in their
oil n blood.
ball (also = ' round mass ', ' eye-ball ', ' the globe ')
1 the golden orb borne together with the sceptre
as an emblem of sovereignty H5 rv. i. 280.
2 = hand-ball or tennis-ball, esp. in fig. phrases
All'sW. II. iii. 314, H5 I. ii. 261 Vilitn we hare
match'd our rackets to these hetlls.
3 — cannon-ball H5 v. ii. 17.
ballad .sb. (2 used contcmi)tuously in H5 v. ii. 166)
1 li^ht, simple song MND. rv. i. 222 to write a ballad
of this dream, AYL. ll. vii. 148.
2 popular song, esp. one celebrating or scurrilously
attackingsome personor thing Wint. iv. iii. [iv.J
186, 2H4'iv. iii. 52.
— BAB
ballad vb.: to make (a person) the subject of a
popular song Ant. v. ii. 215 scald rimers Ballad
Its out o' tune.
ballad-monger : contemptuous term for ' ballad-
maker' lH4in. i. 129.
ballast pa. pple.: freighted, loaded Err. in. ii. 142.
ballasting: freight, weight (fii;.) Cym. in. vi. 77.
ballow : north-midland word for ' cudgel ' Lr. iv.
vi. 248 (Qq hattero, bat).
balm (only thrice in S.)
1 to anoint with fragrant oil or liquid Shr. Ind.
i. 48, Per. ill. ii. 65."
2 to soothe, heal Lr. in. vi. 107 This rest might yet
haie halined thy broken sineics.
balmy (only thrice in S.: 2 first in S.)
1 deliciously fragrant Otli. v. ii. 16 balmy breath.
2 deliciously soothing 0th. n. iii. 260 balmy slum-
bers, Sonn. cvii. 9 this most h. time. [v. 112.
balsam, balsamum = balm Err. iv. i. 90, Tim. ni.
Banbury cheese : kind of cheese which, when
pared, was veiy thin Wiv. i. i. 133.
band Ubc foil, were all common uses in S.'s time)
1 pi. fetters, bonds Tp. Epil. 9, 3H6 i. i. 186.
2 obligation, bond, tie Ado in. i. 114 To bind our
loves up in a holy band, All'sW. iv. ii. 56 in the
band of truth. Ham. in. ii. 172.
3 agreement, promise Err. rv. ii. 49, R2 i. i. 2
according to thy oath and band,
4 deed by whicli a person binds himself 1H4 in. ii.
157 the (tid of life cancels all baiuls.
banditto (old edd. -elto) : outlaw, brigand 2n6 iv.
i. 135 (either attrib. sb. or Italian pa. pple.)
bandy (of obscure origin ; 2 first in S.)
1 to strike or throw (a ball) to and fro as in the
games of tennis and bandy ; mostly fig. to give
and take (blows, words) LLL. v. ii. 29, Shr. v. ii.
173, 3H6 I. iv. 49 / wdl not handy with thie word for
word, Rom. n. v. 14, Lr. i. iv. 92 Bo you bandy
looks with me?, n. iv. 178 To bandy hasty words.
2 to contend, strive, fight AYL. v. i. 62, IHO iv. i.
190, Tit. I. i. 312, Rom. in. i. 94 the prince ex-
pressly lialh Fiirhidihn bandying in Yerona streets.
bane sb. (1 the oriL;. sense ; 2 cf. ' ratsbane ' ; 3 obs.)
1 cause of the drath of another 2H6 v. i. 120, Tit.
v. iii. 73 List Rome herself he bane unto herself.
2 poison Meas. i. ii. 138.
3 murder, destruction Mac. v. iii. 59 afraid of death
and bane. Yen. 372.
bane vl). : to poison Mer.V. iv. i. 46.
banished: banished man, outlaw, bandit Gent. v.
iv. 152 ; b. yeeers, years of banishment R2 1. iii. 210.
bank sb. (l not later than S. ; 2 not earlier than S.)
1 sea-i3hore 1H4 hi. i. 45, Troil. i. iii. 328 as barren
ets hanks of Libya, Sonn. Ivi. 11.
2 .shelving elevation in the sea or bed of a river
Mac. I. vii. 6* iipon this bank and shoalf of time.
bank vb.: to coast, skirt (S.) -John v. ii. 104*.
banner : little fringed flag on a trumpet (S.) H5
IV. ii. 01.
banquet (in ordinary sense freq.; 1 and 2 are obs.)
1 running hiinquet, slight repast between meals ;
fig. H8 1. iv. 12, V. iv. 71 (= whipping).
2 course or repast of sweetmeats, fruit, and wine,
dessert Shr. v. ii. 9 My Immiuet is to close our
stomachs up, Rom. i. v. 126, Tim. i. ii. 162.
bar sb. (3 properly, the barrier marking off the
precinct of the judge's scat, at which prisoners
stand)
1 plea or objection of force suflficient to arrest
entirely an action or claim at law Wiv. in. iv. 7,
Shr. I. i. 138 this bar in law, H5 i. ii. 35, 42.
2 obstruction, obstacle, harrier Ado n. ii. 4, Mer.V.
n. vii. 45, ni. ii. 119, CiVS. i. iii. 96.
3 tribunal, court H6 v. ii. 27, R3 v. iii, 200,
BARBABY —
Ba;'bary (country on tlie north coast of Africa)
1 sliort for ' Barbary horse ' KJ v. v. 78.
2 Barbary hen, Guinea hen 2H4 ii. iv. 107.
barbed: having the breast and flanks armed R2
III. iii. 117, R3 I. i. 10.
barber-monger : constant frequenter of tlie
barber's shop, fop Lr. ii. ii. 36.
bare sb.: naked surface Couipl. 95.
bare adj.: napless, threadbare Gent. ii. iv. 47 : fig.
All's W. IV. V. 105, H8 V. iii. 125.
bare vb.: to shave (S.) Meas. iv. ii. 188, All'sW.
IV. i. 5-i tlic hurinfi of mij beard.
bare-bone : lean skinny person lH-1 ii. iv. 363 : so
bare-boned Lucr. 1761. [119.
bare-faced : unconcealed, undisguised Mac. iii. i.
barely : in a state of nakedness AUsW. iv. ii. 19.
bareness : leanness 1H4 iv. ii. 78.
barful : hindering TSv. N'. i. iv. 41 a barful strife.
bargfain : to sell (a person) a bart/uin, to make a fool
of him, to 'sell' him LLL. III. i. 107. (Cf. B00Tsb2.)
bark about : to cover as with l)ark Ham. i. v. 71 a . . .
tefter barked {Fi' bahed) about . . .All niij smootli body.
barley-brotb : ale H5 iii. v. \^ sodden water . . .
their barU y-hroth.
barm: yeast MND. ii. i. 38.
barn : to store as in a bam Lucr. 859.
barn(e = child, bairn Ado in. iv. 48 (with pun),
All's'SV. I. iii. 28.
barnacle : species of goose fonnerly supposed to
be hatched from the fruit of a tree or from sea-
shells growing on it Tp. r\'. i. 251.
baron (2 first created under Richard III ; 3 is obs.)
1 noble, peer (orig. one who held from the king)
1H4 IV. iii. 66 the lords and barons of the realm.
2 one of the lowest rank of nobility 2H6 i. i. 8,
Yen. Ded. Baron of Tichfield.
3 pi. the freemen of the Cinque Ports H8 IV. i. 48.
Bartholomew tide: tlie feast ofSt. Bartholomew,
24th Aumist, H5 v. ii. 3.35 ; Barthol<i,ii,ii hmu-pi,!,
one siikl at Baithulomew fair iii West iSniithheid
2H4 II. iv. 249.
Basan: Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 127 ; cf. Psalms xxii. 12
(' bulls of Basan ').
base sb.': reason Tw.N. v. i. 79 on base and (jround
euituijh.
base sb.^: boys' game, in which a player who leaves
his ' base or ' home ' is chasecl by another, and,
if caught, made prisoner Gym. v. iii. 20 to run
The country base ; phrase bid a or the base, to
challenge as to a race Gent. i. ii. 94, Ven. .303.
base i2 a 10th cent, use, e.g. ' colored liigh or base ')
1 low, low-lying R2 ii. iv. 20 the b. earth, Lucr. 664.
2 (?) dark-coloured (with pun on fig. senses) Tit.
IV. ii. 72 is black so base a hue ?
base-court [Fr. 'basse-cour']: lower or outer court
of a mansion R2 in. iii. 176.
bases: pleated skirt of cloth, velvet, or rich bro-
cade, appended to the doublet and reaching from
the waist to the knee Per. ii. i. 173.
base string' : string of the lowest pitch in a musical
iiistrimient 1H4 n. iv. 6 the very b. of humility.
base- viol : form of violoncello Err. iv. iii. 22.
Basilisco-like John i. i. 244 : see Kyd's ' Soliman
and Perseda ' i. iii. 169 [310] Has.— I, the aforesaid
Basilisco— Knight, good fellow. Knight, Knight.
basilisk (2 cf. 'serpentine ', ' culverin ')
1 fabulous reptile, also called cockatrice, supposed
to be hatched by a sei-pent from a cock's egg and
said to kill by its breath and look "Wint. i. ii. 388.
2 large cannon, generally made of brass 1H4 ii. iii.
58, H5 V. ii. 17 (with plin on sense 1).
Basimecu: contemptuous term for a Frenchman
2H6 IV. vii. 31 Mounsieur Basimecu, the dauphin
of France. T] Still applied to Italian organ-
13 -BAV IN
grinders, with the prommciation ' boz imacu ',
in some parts of "Warwickshire.
basis (S. is earliest for fig. sense of ' foundation ')
1 base, foot Tp. ii. i. 127 o'er his iraie-irorn ba.^is.
2 pedestal Gas. iii. i. 115 on Pompey's b. liesalony.
bastard sb.: sweet Spanish wine, resembling mus-
cadel Meas. m. ii. ibroirn and icliiteb.,lR-in.i\. 30.
bastard adj. : counterfeit, spurious Mer.V. iii. v. 8
a kind of bastard hope, Sonn. Ixviii. 3.
baste: to" sew loosely Ado i. i. 289.
bastinado : beating with a stick ; AYL. v. i. 61 ;
fig. .John II. i. 463 he yiies the bastinado with his
tonijue : Our ears are cudt/ell'd.
bat : stick, club Cor. i. i. 107, Lr. iv. vi. 248 (Qq'i.
batch : quantity of bread produce 1 at one baking ;
fig. Troil. V. i. 6 Thou crust ij batch of nature.
bate sb. : strife 2H4 ii. iv. 271 ;' b.-bneciiny Ven. 655.
bate vb.': to beat the wings impatiently and flutter
away from the fist or perch Shr. iv. i. 199 these
kites That bale and biut, 1H4 IV. i. 99 (old edd.
baitid, bayted, Malone bated) ; fig. H5 III. vii. 127
(with pun on bate vb.^ 3), Rom. in. ii. 14 Hood
my unmann'd blood, bating ui my chaks.
bate vb.- (for the meanings cf. the older abate)
1 to blunt LLL. i. i. 6 bate his scythi's keen eehje.
2 to reduce, diminish, weaken Mer.V. in. iii. 32,
IV. i. 72, Tim. in. iii. 26; bated heath : subdued
or restrained breathing Mer.V. i. iii. 125.
3 to decrease, fall off 1H4 in. iii. 2 do I not bate ?
do I not dwindle ?
4 to deduct Tp. i. ii. 250 To heite me a full year, 2H4
Epil. 16, Ham. v. ii. 23 no leisure bated ; absol.
Gym. in. ii. 55 let me bate.
bateless : not to be blunted, keen Lucr. 9.
bat-fowling : catching of birds by night with
lights and poles or nets Tp. ii. i. 193 [185].
batlet (so Ff 234 ; Fi beitler) : bat or club for beating
clothes in the process of washing AYL. n. iv. 48.
^Gurrent until recently in Yorkshire and
AVarwickshire.
battalion (so Ff ; Qq battalia) : R3 v. iii. 11, Ham.
IV. V. 79 not in single spies, but in battalions. [67.
batten : to grow fat on Gor. iv. v. 35, Ham. iii. iv.
battery (2 not a common sense in or outside S.)
1 beating, assailing with blows, also fig. John ii. i.
446, Gym. i. iv. 23 ; in law, unlawful attack on
another by beating or wounding Tw.N. iv. i. .38
on action of battery. Ham. v. i. 110.
2 wound, biiiise 3H6 in. i. 37, Ven. ^26 where a heart
is harel, they make no battery.
battle (all the foil, are now obs. or archaic)
1 single combat R2 i. i. 92 / . . .luill in battle prove . . .
2 body or line of troops in battle array 1H4 iv. i.
129 ; fig. Ven. 619 battle. . . of bristly pikes (on a
boar's back).
3 main body of an armed force R3 v. iii. 300 the
mum battle, Mac. v. vi. 4 Lead our first battle.
battlem.ent : used loosely for 'embattled roof
John n. i. 374.
batty : bat-like MND. in. ii. 365 leaden legs and
batty wings.
bauble (orig. ' babel ' ; the spelling 'bauble 'appears
first in English in S. Fi ; 1 is the orig. sense ; 2
cf. ' bable for a foole,' Palsgr. ; 3 and 4 are obs.)
1 showy trinket of little worth Shr. rv. iii. 82.
2 stick carried by a court fool All'sW. iv. v. 32,
Tit. v. i. 79.
3 foolish, childish person, trifler 0th. rv. i. 137
thither comes this bauble.
4 mere toy Gym. in. i. 27 his shipping— Poor
ignorant baubles !
5 attrib. bauble boat, toy boat Troil. i. iii. 35.
bavin : brushwood, faggots ; 6. wits 1H4 in. ii. 61
(' soon ablaze '). ^ Still current in the midlands.
BAWBLING
14
— BED-WORK
'bawbling' : tiirtiiiii T-w.X. v. i. 58 A hnahUnii vcsmI.
'it Only S. and ei-hued by mod. writers.
bawcock [Fr. ' beau coq '] : fine fellow H.') iii. ii. 27.
bawd (north-midland word) : hare Rom. ii. iv. l:iy.
baysb.': division of a hon.se included under one
gable or between party-walls Meas. ii. i. 261.
bay.sb.= (orig. 'abay'=OFr. 'abai'.mod. Fr. 'aboi')
1 deep prolonged barking Tit. li. ii. 3 L'ncoiipic here
(ind kt Its iitdkc a hiiy.
2 in phrases relating to che position of a hunted
animal when it turns and faces the hounds, also
fig. R2 II. iii. 128 To rotisc hi.i u-rongn and chase
ihtni to the hdi/, Yen. 877 the hounds are at a hay,
Tit. IV. ii. 42, Pilgr. xi. 13 [155].
bay vb. (1 in mod. use an echo of S.; 2 not pre-S.)
1 to bark at Ctes rv. iii. 27 bay (he moon.
2 to pursue with barking, drive to bay MXD. iv. i.
119 Ihcy hay'd the hear With hounds of Sparta,
2H4 I. iii. 80 Jiayin;/ liiiii at the liccls.
.3 to hold at bay (tig.) C»s. rv. i. 4(t hay'd about with
hiiniy (iiiiiiiis.
bead (l not known earlier than S.)
1 pi. drops lof licjuid), tears John ii. i. 171, 1H4 ii.
iii. 0:5 hi mis (It >^in lit {most old edd. beds), Cses. in.
i. 2S4 hiiiils i,/s,,n-iin:
2 applied to a \ cry small thing, e.g. a fairy 'Wiv.
V. v. 55 (Ff, &e. Jitde), MND. iii. ii. :S3(i.
" SI t of beads, rosary R2 iii. iii. 147.
beaded: in the form of beads Compl. 37 Ofamher,
irystitl, mid ofbiiididjd (Q hidilid).
beadle : inferior parish otticer who might punish
petty offences 2HC ii. i. 1;!5, iic, H8 v. iv. 72;
fig. wifh reference to his punitive functions
l>LL. III. i. 185 [177J, H5 iv. i. 180 mar is his b.
beadsman : man paid or endowed to pray for
otliers, jionsioner or almsman Gent. i. 1. 18, R2
III. ii. 116.
beag'le : small variety of hound, tracking by scent;
fig. used contemptuously of a woman Tim. iv. iii.
176', but also approvingly(?) Tw.N. u. iii. I.i8'.
beak : pointed and ornamented projection at the
prow of ancient vessels Tp. i. ii. 1"J6.
beam (1 cf. 'the staff of [Goliath's] spear was like
a weaver's beam ', 1 Samuel xvii. 7)
1 wooden roller in a loom, on which the warp is
wound Wiv. v. i. 24 ; lance Troil. v. v. 9.
2 with ref. to Matthew vii. 3 : LLL. iv. iii. 162 the
kiiiij ycur mote did see ; But la beam do find.
bear sb. : the constellation Ursa major 0th. ii. i. 14.
bsar vb. (besides the mod. senses we find the foil.)
1 to have as a member or part of itself Wint. i. ii.
309, 3H6 v. i. 69 the deurist blood your bodies bear,
Rom. I. iii. 29 / do bear u brain.
2 to contain (a meaning or the like) AYL. in. ii.
176 more feel than the rerses would hear, 1H4 iv. i.
20 His letters hear his mind. Ant. i. ii. 130, Compl.
19 often readinij witat content it bears.
3 to cany as a consequence Tim. i. i. 132.
4 to sustain (a part), keep going (the burden of
a song) Tp. i. ii. 380, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 2991 caw
hetcr my part, Lucr. 11.32, &c.
5 to carry on, conduct, execute Ado ii. Iii. 240 [229],
John III. iv. 149 This art so eiilly home, H5 I. ii.
212, Mac. III. vi. 3 Tliini/slmic ban stianrjely borne.
G refl. (freq.) and intr. to behave Meas. i. iii. 47
(Ff beare ; mod. edd. bear mi), H8 ii. i. 30 ; also
occas. passive Troil. ii. iii. 252 surly borne ( = of
surly behaviour).
Dear "back, to move or go back Cies. in. ii. 173
Stand hark .' room.' hear bark !, Lucr. 1417; bear
down, to ovei-whelm, overthrow Mer.V. iv. i.
214 Thai malice bears down truth, 2114 i. i. 11, Tit.
II. i. .30, Cyni. ii. i. 61 ; bear hard (1) to bear
ill will to'Cws, I, ii, 318 Cwsardotlt hear me hard,
II. i. 215 ; (2) to take heavily or sadly 1114 i. iii.
270 irho hears hard His hrulhi/s dialh] R:l n. i. 57
(hardly) : bear it, to cany tlie day 2H4 iv. i. 135
He ni'er hud burnt it mil of Coitntn/, Troil. n. iii.
231, 0th. I. iii. 23 : bear" off, to kiep oft Tp. ii.
ii. 18 niilliir husli nor shrub to hear (jff any iriat tier:
bear out, (1) to support, back up Jolin iv. i. 6 I
lioye your aarrunt will bear oul the di id, 2114 v. i.
63; (2) with //, to have tlie upper hand, carry the
day Tw.N. i. v. 22, 0th. li. i. 19, Sonn. cxvi. 12
Loce . . . bears it out even to the edije of doom ; bear
up, to put the helm up so as to bring the vessel
into the direction of the wind, fig. Tp. in. ii. 3.
bearer : possessor, owner, holder 2H4 iv. v. 28
majesty! Wlien tliou dost pincli thy bearer, H8 n.
iii. 15, Troil. in. iii. 104.
bear-herd (Ff, &c. b(ar(e)-heard, hearard, berard,
berrord, mod. edd. bear-ward) : one who keeps
and exhibits a bear Ado ii. i. 43, Shr. Ind. ii. 21,
2H4 I. ii. 194, 2H6 v. i. 149, 210.
bearing : cirriage, deportment, behaviour, de-
m anour Ado u. i. 168, H5 iv. vii. 186 his blunt
hi II vi mi. Cor. 11. iii. 257. [in. iii. 119.
bearing-cloth: child's christening-robe Wint.
beastly adv.: in a beastly manner, like a bea.st
Shr. IV. ii. 34, Ant. i. v. 50, Cyin. v. iii. 27.
beat (1 intr. use peculiar to S.: cf bate vb.')
1 to flap the wings with force Shr. iv. i. 199.
2 to think or ponder laboriously Tp. v. i. 246, Ham.
III. i. 183 Vilureon his brains still beatiii// : said of
the thouglits Tp. i. 11. 176 still 'tis beating in my
mind, Lr. in. iv. 14.
beated* : usually taken to be a term of the south-
west country and the Welsh border for slicing
.sod from the eroun 1 for burnina Sonn. Ixii. ID
Il,ii/id and rhiqip'it irith tann'd antiquity.
beautied : lieaufified Ham. in. i. 51.
beaver : face-guard of a helmet 2H4 iv. i. 120, 115
IV. ii. 44 tliroayh n rusty beaver peeps. Ham. I. ii.
229 ; sometimes, the whole helmei R3 v. iii. 50
is my beaver easier than it was?
become: (pa. t. became, pa. pple. become and beronud)
1 to agree with, befit Mer.V. v. i. 57.
2 inipers. to be fitting 1H6 v. iii. 169 as it hicfjm.s.
Tit. I. i. .347 as becoiiirs.
3 to adorn, grace Tp. in. ii. 115, Shr. n. i. 25"*,
Cym. V. V. \01 Hewouldhacewellhecom'dthis plan .
becoiued (S.) : becoming, befitting Rom. iv. ii. 27.
becoming' : grace (S.) Ant. i. iii. 96, Sonn. cl. 5.
bed (1 still to be seen at Rye House, Herts.)
1 bed of Ware, enomious bed 11 ft. square Tw.N. in.
ii. 53.
2 grave Tp. ii. i. 292 [284], Cym. iv. iv. .52.
3 b. ofdoirn, delightful resting-place 0th. i. iii. 232.
4 irint iinto my beds, (?) arrived at the 'bed-time'
or close of life Tw.N. v. i. 413*.
bed, bedded : old fonns of bead, beaded.
Bede : see head.
bedded : laid in a smooth layer Ham. in. iv. 120.
Bedlam (earlier 'Bedlein', 'Bethlem', 'Bethle-
hem ')
1 the Hospital of St. Mary of Eethlehcm in London
used as an asylum for the mentally derauLied
2H6 V. I. 131 To Bedlam with him ; Tom o' ISidlam,
madman Lr. i. ii. 152.
2 lunatic, madman John ii. i. 183 Biillam, havednne,
Lr. in. vii. 103.
3 as adj. mad H5 v. i. 20 .\rt thou bedlam ?, 2H6 in.
i. 51, V. i. 132 a bedlam and amhitiuus liumonr.
bed-presser, lazy fellow 1H4 n. iv. 272 ; bed-
swerver, one "unfaithful to marriage Wint. n.
i. 92 : bed-vow, marriage vow Sonn. (dii. 3 ;
bed-work, easv work such a* could be done in
bed Troil. i. iii. "205.
BEEP-WITTED
BENCH
'beef-witted: tliick-litadeil Tioil. ii. i. 14.
beer: sniull bar, trirting matters Otli. ii. i. ICO
chronicle siiian heir.
beetle sb. : tliree-mnn beetle, mallet rcquii-ing throe
men to lift it, used in raminini;' jiaving' stones
2H4 I. ii. 259 ; beetle-headed, tliick-lieaded,
stupid Shr. IV. i. XySOheetU-Iuitilul^flnp-ear'dknnvc!
beetle vb.: to project like beetle brows, overhang
threateningly Hani. I. iv. 71 the dreadful summit
of the cliff Tlidt beetles o'er his base into the sea.
beetle brows: prominent eyebrows Rom. i. iv. 32.
befall: to become o/ Err. i. i. 123 to dilate What
hnlli befall'n of them.
before pi-ep. (follows its sb. LLL. iv. i. 93)
before vie!, on my soul ! Tw.N. ii. iii. 197, Oth.
IV. i. l-i7. (^ Modelled on before {mij) God .')
before adv. :
1 in front Shr. in. ii. 58 ncnr-lerje/'d before, Mac. v.
vii. 75 [viii. 46] Had he his hurts before ?
2 O'od before, witli God as our leader H5 i. ii. 307.
3 the better font before, put your best foot foremost
John IV. ii. 170,' Tit. ii. iii. 192.
4 used adj. earlier, previous H5 rv. i. 182 hefore-
brench of the hiiiifs laws.
before co'nj.: rather than Meas. ii. iv. 183, Mer.V.
III. ii. 3(12, R3 HI. ii. 44.
beforeband: been beforehand vith, anticipated,
forestalled John v. vii. 111.
beg": to petition the Court of Wards, established
by Henry VIII and suppressed under Charles II,
for the custody of (a minoi-, an heiress, or an
idiot), as feudal superior or as having interest in
the matter LLL. v. ii. 491 (' You cannot prove us
idiots ').
beget (1 this is a late example of the sense)
1 to obtain Ham. ui. ii. 8 You must acejitire and bujet
a temperance.
2 to produce LLL. ii. i. G9 Hi,\ eye Ifr/cts occasion fur
his Hit.
beggar sb. : one who begs a favour, suppliant
AliVW. I. iii. 22.
beggar vb. (3 freq. echoed by later writers)
1 to reduce to beggary Mer.V. ii. vi. 19, R3 I. iv.
145 [Conscience} ber/e/ars any man that l!ceps it.
2 to make valueless Troil. ii. ii. 91.
3 to exhaust the resources of Ant. ii. ii. 200 It
beejijar'd all description.
4 bei/i/ared of, destitute of Ham. iv. v. 92 necessity,
ofiiialhrbiyr/ar'd, Sonn. Ixvii. 10.
beggary : contemptible meanness Cym. i. vi. 115.
beguile (3 first in S.; 4 peculiar to S.j ^210.
1 to deprive or rob o/" LLL. i. i. 77, Oth. i. iii. 15(i,
2 to cheat, disappoint (hopes) Gent. v. iv. 154.
3 to divert attention in some pleasant way from
(anythingdisagreeable), while away (time) Tw.N.
III. iii. 41 Vi'hiles you beyuile the time, Tit. IV. i. 35
And so hcffuile thy sorroiu.
4 to disguise Lucr. 1544 Tarquin . , , so beguiVd
With oiifirard honesty.
behalf: in {the) behalf of, on behalf of, in the interest
of, in favour of, for the benefit or advantage of
AYL. Epil. 9 in the behalf of ayood plaii, All'sW.
IV. iii. 359, rv. v. 77, John i. i. 7, 3HB iv. i. 03 (Fi\
R3 rv. iv. 358 Be eloquent in my b. to her, Oth. iii.
iv. 19 (Fi on), Cym. in. ii. 74 ; — in behalf of, on the
part of, in the name of 1H4 i. iii. 48, R3 in. iv. 19
m tlie (hike's b. I'll e/ire my voice, Tim. in. i. 18 ; —
on behalf of, concerning, with regard to Ado rv. i.
212, Tw.N. in. i. US your yinlle thouijhts On his
b.; — in that behalf, in respect of tliat LLL. ii. i.
27, John II. i. 20}.
behave (1 this constr. with pa. pple. not pre-R.)
1 as he is behar'd, according to liis behaviour Ham.
III. i. 35-
2 to control Tim. in. v. 22 He did bihari his anr/er. , ■
behaviour (1 in use l.WO-KiSO ; 2 only K.)
1 pl. = sing. C»s. I. ii. 42.
2 in my behaeiour, as represented in my jierson and
outward acts John I. i. 3. " (l.M.
behind-hand adj.: backward, tardy "Wint. v. i.
beholding vbl. sli. :
1 siglit Cor. I. iii. 10, Lr. in. vii. 9 not fit for your b.
2 looks, aspect Per. v. i. 224 wild in my'behohlinn.
beholding ppl. a.: indebted, beholden (freq.) Wiv.
I. i. 28.5.
behoof, behove: benefit, advantage 2Hfi iv. vii.
83 For your behoof. Ham. v. i. 09 /or, nh ! my be-
hove (rhymes with love), Compl. 165 m our behoof.
behoveful : necessary Rom. iv. iii. 8 (Qq behoofc-).
behowlt: to bay (the moon) MND. v. ii. 2 [i. 379]
(F, &c. beholds).
being (2 is an application peculiar to S.)
1 life, existence Shr. i. i. 11 Pisa . . . Gave me mi\
being, Mac. iii. i. 55, Ham. n. i. 96 end his bcini/,
Oth. I. ii. 21 my life and b., Cyin. i. i. 38 he quit b.
2 stay, abode, dwelling Ant. ii. ii. 39 3fy beini/ in
Eitypt, Cym. i. v. 54 to shift his beine;. [u. i. 20!!.
being (that) conj.: seeing that Ado iv. i. 251, 2114
beldame (1 cf. ' belsire ' = grandfather)
1 grandmother 1H4 in. i. 32 the old bildawr earth,
Lucr. '.•.">3, H.'SS.
2 loathsome old woman, hag John iv. ii. 185 Old
men and hddames, Mac. ni. v. 2.
be-leed(S.): in such a position that the wind is
intercepted ; fig. Oth. i. i. 30 be-leed and calm' d Hy
debitor and creditor.
belie (often in sense 1 ; twice in s.'>nse 2)
1 to tell lies about, calumniate Oth. iv. i. 30.
2 to fill with lies Cym. in. iv. 38, Lucr. 153.3.
bell (the ordinary .sense occurs in various con-
nexions)
1 with allusion to the little bells attached to hawks
3H6 1. i. 47 ;/ Warwick shake his hells.
2 bell, bonk, and candle, used with reference to a
form of excommunication which closed with tlie
words ' Do to the book, quench the candle, ring
the bell 1 ' John in. iii. 12.
bellman: crier wlio announced deaths and called
on the taithfiil to pray for the departed, and
acted as night-watchman, calling the hours Mac.
II. ii. 4 //(( oul . . . the fatal bellman. Which gives
the si I rii'st ijond-night.
bell-wether": leading sheep of a flock on whose
neck a bell is hung AYL. in. ii. 86 ; fig. clamorous
person Wiv. in. v. 114.
belly-doublet: see great-bei.ly, thin-belly.
belonging (recorded first from S.)
1 (?) caparison (of a horse) Cor. I. ix. 62.
2 pi. circumstances ; endowments Meas. i. i. 29''
Thysdf and thy b-s Are not thine own so proper . . .
beloving : loving Ant. i. ii. 24 moi-e b. than helov'd.
below (not common as prep, or adv. before the
Eliz. period) [ii. 10.
1 downstairs Wiv. ii. ii. 153 ; = heloir stairs Ado v.
2 in Hades or hell Tp. iv. i. 31 Night kept chain'd b.
belt: Mac. v. ii. 16 cannot buckle his di.itempei-'d
caii'Se Witliin the belt of rule { = cannot f,ox\XYo\ his
disorganized party) ; cf. Troil. li. ii. 30.
bemadding : maddening Lr. in. i. 38 b. sorrow.
be-niete: to measure Shr. iv. iii. 113 I shall so
bi-iiiili thee villi thy yard . . .
benioil: to liefoul with mire Shr. iv. i. 77.
be-monster: to make monstrous, deform Lr. iv.
ii. 03 lU-inonsler not thy feature.
bench sb.: senators collectively Cor. in. i. 105, 100.
bench vb. (the foil, senses are rare outside S.)
1 to raise to authority Wint. l. ii. 314 whnin I from
meaner form Nave bench'd and rear'd to worship.
BENCHER-
■2 to sit as a judge Lr. in. vi. 41 Bench hij Ins xide.
bencher : senator Cor. ii. i. 93.
bench-hole : privy Ant. iv. vii. 9.
bend sb.: look, glance Ctes. i. ii. 123, Ant. ii. ii.
•JlCr (' tlieir adoring looks or obtisances added
grace and beauty to her').
bend vb. (3 properly, to bring a gun to bear)
1 h. up, to strain, neixe H5 iii. i. 16, Mac. i. vii. 79.
2 laid file bron>i, &c., to frown, scowl John iv. ii.
90, B2 II. i. 171 Or b. one wrinkle on my soicreiyn's
face, Sonn. Music iv. 13 [Pilgr. 311].
3 to level, aim, turn, direct John ii. i. 379 bend
Your ttliiirpfst deeds of malice, R-3 i. ii. 95, iv. v. 17
do fheij hind their power, Lr. n. i. 43 'Gainst parri-
cides did all their thunelers bend.
4 intr. and refl. to direct one's course, turn, pro-
ceed All'sW. III. ii. 57 Thither n-e bend ai/ain,
Wint. V. i. lt)5, 1H4 v. v. 3(5 ; fig. to tend, incline
Tp. IV. 1. in always bending Towards their project,
Ham. I. ii. 55, lib bend you to remain Here, Sonn.
cxvi. 4. See also bent pa. pple.
bending' : submissive, courteous K3 iv. iv. 95,
Truil. I. iii. 236 ; H5 v. ii. 404* [Chor. 2] (a)
bending under the weight of the task, (b) stoop-
ing to the hearers' clemency.
beneath used as adj. : this beneath norld, this world
below Tim. I. i. 45. Cf. this widirylobehr.u. ii.l70.
benediction : blessing Lr. ii. ii. 168 (the usual
form of the proverb is ' out of God's blessing into
tliC warm sun ').
beneficial (thrice in S. ; 1 ' beneficent ' is post-S.)
1 beneficent Err. i. i. 151, H8 i. i. 56 the reiyif o' the
hinificial sun.
2 ailvantageous 0th. ii. ii. 7 these beneficial news.
benefit (1 ' benefaction ' is post-S.; 2 is only S.)
1 liestowal of property or rights, benefaction 1H6
V. iv. 152, R3 III. vii.195 Thisprnferr'd b. ofdiynity.
- natural advantage or gift AYL. iv. i. 37 disable all
III! Ik ne-fits of your own country, H8 I. ii. 115.
benetted : ensnared Ham. v. ii. 29 benetted round
iiilh lillains.
bsnevolence : forced loan or aid levied by kings
of England, first raised by Edward IV in 1473 as
a token of his people's ' goodwill ' K2 ll. i. 251.
"I Its use here is an anachronism.
benign : stressed on the first syll. Per. n. Gower 3.
benison: blessing Mac. ii. iv. 40 Hod's b. yo with you.
bent slj. (not earlier than 16th c. in any sense)
1 '(/ hint for (so Ff; Qq and mod. edd. is bent),
turned in the direction of Ham. IV^ iii. 48.
2 inclination of the mind Ado ly. i. 188 the very bent
of honour, C'<es. il. i. 210 yire his humour the true
bent ; of the eyes, &c., H5 v. ii. 16, Ant. I. iii. 36,
Cyni. I. i. 13 the bent Of the kiny's looks.
3 e.xtent to which a bow may bo bent, degree of
tension ; (hence) degree of endurance, capacity
Ado II. iii. 243 [232], Tw.N. ii. iv. 37, Ham. iii.
ii. 4U9 [401] to the top of my bent.
bent pa. pple.: inclined (to), intent (upon) MND.
III. ii. 145, 2H6 ii. i. 165, Mac. in. iv. 134/«;» bent
to k)toii' . . . the worst, Per. li. Gower 2'.i* full bent
iiitli sill (-intent upon sin), Ven. 618 bent to kill.
berattle : to fill with din Ham. ii. ii. 365 [357].
bereave (the commonest use is ' to deprive ' a per-
son o/a thing, chiefly in pa. pple. bereft)
1 to take away (a thing) from a person 2H6 ni. i.
85, Oth. I. iii. 259, Luer. 835 ; always passive.
2 to rob of its strength or beauty, (hence) to impair,
spoil Err. n. i. 40 to see like riyhi bereft, Lr. iv. iv.
9 his bi reave d sense, Ven. 797.
Bergomask (/'Mi. , (S.): dance af.er the manner of
(he jiei'iilc ni Ik'igamo (a province in the state of
\'c'uic(- 1, who were n<,ted for the rusticity of tlieir
manners and speech MND. v. i. 361, 370.
16 —BETRAY
be-rime : to celebrate in rime Rom. ii. iv. 44 ; in
AYL. in. ii. 187 the reference is to the alleged
practice of ' riming rats to death ' in Ireland, i. e.
destroying them by incantation.
berlady : old form of by'k lady.
Bermoothes: Bermudas Tp. i. ii. 229 the sfiU-
iix'd Hi niioothes.
bescreen'd : concealed Rom, ii. ii. 52 bcscreen'd in
niyht (Qi beskrind).
beseech: entreaty Troil. i. ii. 317 (' 'While men
have still their object to gain, their attitude is
one of entreaty ").
beseek : old northern and north-midland fonn of
' beseech ' 2H4 il. iv. 174. [410.
beseeming' : appearance, ' guise ' (S.) Cym. v. v.
beside : adv. by, past Ven. 981 sometimes falls an
orient drop beside. — prep, out of (patience, one's
senses) Ado v. i. 131 6. their wit, 1H4 ill. i. 178 b.
Ills patience, Cjes. in. i. 180 6. themselves icith fear.
besides: out of (= beside prep.) Err. iii. ii. 78, Cyni.
II. iv. 149 Quite besides The yovernment of patience,
Sonn. xxiii. 2 put besides his part.
beslubber : to daub, smear 1H4 ii. iv. 344 beshibber
our yarments.
besort sb. (S.) : suitable company Oth. i. iii. 239.
besort vb. (S.) : to befit Lr. i. iv. 274 such min as
may besort our ae/e.
bespeak: to speak to, address Tw.X. v. i. 193 /
bespake you fair, R2 v. ii. 20, Hani. ii. ii. 140 my
youny mistress thus I did b.; with admixture of
meaning ' to engage ' Eit. v. i. 233.
bespice : to season with spice AVint. i. ii. 316.
best : to have the best, to have the advantage 3H6 v.
iii. 20 hariny now the b. eit Barnet field ; — at the
best, (1) in the best possible way 3H6 in. i. 8,
Oth. I. iii. 173 Take up this meinyled matter at the
best ; (2) in the best or most advantageous con-
dition Rom. I. V. 123 the sport is at the b., Tim. i.
ii. 159, in. vi. 30 ; — in the best, at best Ham. i. v.
27 most foul, as in the best it is, Pilgr. vii. 18 [102].
best-conditioned: best-spirited Mer.V. in. ii.294.
beste'd (old edd. bestead) : in a (woi-se) plight 2H6
H. iii. .56.
bestill'd (Qq and mod. edd. distili'd) : (?)made
niiitionkss, stiffened, congealed Ham. i. ii. 204.
best-moving: most persuasive LLL. ii. i. 29 our
best-iiiiiiinii fair solicitor.
bestow (3 niit pre-S. ; 4 with 'of 'and 'to'onlyS.)
1 to give in marriage AYL. v. iv. 7 i'ou will bestow
her on Orlando here?
2 to lay out (money) 2H4 v. v. 18 ; to spend (time)
Caes. V. v. 61 bestow thy time ivith me ?
3 refl. to behave oneself Gent. in. i. 87, AY^L. iv.
iii. 88, John ni. i. 225, 2H4 n. ii. 186.
4 to confer as a gift (with of) Tw.N. in. iv. 2 what
hi stoic at' him?. Cor. ii. iii. 215 (with dative or
to) Tit. iv. ii. 165, Lr. n. i. 128.
bestraught: distracted Shr. Ind. ii. 26.
bestride : to stand over (a fallen man) in order to
defend him, (hence) to protect Err. v. i. 192,
2H4 I. i. 207, Mac. rv. iii. 4 Let lis . . . Bestride our
doirn-fall'n birthdom. [115.
best-teinpered : of the truest 'metal' 2H4 i. i.
beteem : to grant (perhaps with se< ondary ref. to
' teem ' = hour) MND. i. i. 131 ; to allow Ham. i.
ii. 141. U Still in use in Gloucestershire.
bethink (also used refl. = ' reflect ' ; 1 and 2 be-
came obs. in the 17th c.)
1 to tliink of, considir, devise 3H0 ni. iii. 39 bethink
a means to hnak it off. Ham. I. iii. 90 well bethouyht.
2 I am bethouyht, I intend Lr. li. iii. 6.
betide: to liappen, liel'all R3 I. iii. 6 what would be-
tide on me ! I =lia|)pcn to me, become of me).
betray (1 is derivative of the sense ' deliver up
BETTER— 17
trcaclicrously ', which is freq. ; 2 is common with
various objects)
1 to give over or expose to puiiishnieut, or some
evil AViv. in. iii. 1'07 to hitrai/ him to tuwtlur
pnnisluiunt, Err. v. i. 'JO, AYL. iv. i. 7, H8 ill. i.
55 to betray you . . . to .sorrow.
2 to lead astray, mislead, deceive, entrap Wiv. v.
iii. 22 ^V^'ll Utrai) hint find y, 2H0 ii. iv. 64 Um'd
hushex to h. thy inmjs, Mac. i. iii. 125, 0th. v. ii.
she'll b. more nan ; absol. Tim. r\'. iii. 147.
3 to cheat, disappoint Tit. v. ii. 147 a complot to
bifriiy thy/uis.
Ijetter : / inn better, it would be better for me
AYL. III. iii. 97, 0th. in. iii. 3G;J ;— adv. rather
All'sW. III. vi. 95, H8 iii. ii. 254 liHrrey durst
better Biiie burnt that tomjue titan said so.
between: intervarof time Wint. m. iii. (51 in thcb.
bevel: oblique, slant Sonn. cxxi. 11 / may be
strniyht thoiiyh they thiiiiseltes be betel.
Bevis of Hampton (i.e. Earl of Southampton), the
hero of a mediaeval romance, of whom incredible
stories were told H8 i. i. 38.
bevy : company, properly, of ladies H8 i. iv. 4,
Ham. V. ii. 197 (I'l Beany, Qq breeel).
beware : take care of IHti i. iii. 47 b. your beard.
beweep U'seJ now chiefly in imitation of S.)
1 to deplore Sonn. xxix. 2 beiveep nty outcast state.
2 to Wet with tears Hani. iv. v. 39.
bewray: to reveal :{Hij i. i. 211, Cor. v. iii. 95«oiiW
beiirny irhat life We have led. Tit. ii. iv. 3.
beyond: beyoitel beyond, (?) surpassing everything
Cym. HI. ii. 57 (but Ff rightly 6(yo)((/, btyoiid).
Bezbnian (common Eliz., fi'om It. 'bisogno ' need):
needy beggar, rascal 2H4 v. iii. 115, 2Ht3 iv. i. 134.
bias sb. (all the uses are derived from bowls)
1 one-iided form of the bowl whicli gives an oblique
motion to it ; in fig. phrase against the bias Shr.
IV. V. 25, R2 in. iv. 5 ; assays of bias, indirect
attempts Ham. ii. i. 05.
2 fig. swaying influence John n. i. 574, &c.
3 preponderating tendency, bent Tw.X. v. i. 270
nature to her bias elreic ; LLL. iv. ii. 114, Pilgr. v.
5 101] (' the student leaves his special studv ').
bias adj. : protruding on one side like a bowl I'roil.
IV. V. 8 thy sphered bias cheek.
bias adv. : awry Troll, i. iii. 15 dratv Bias, iv. v. 108
bias-flrniiini/'i= turning away fi-om tlie truth).
biddy : fowl, chicken, Tw.X. in. iv. 130.
bide : to dwell or insist upon Wint. i. ii. 242.
biding" : abode, dwelling Lr. TV. vi. 229, Lucr. 550.
bifold : double, twofold Troil. v. ii. 141 (Q by-foulel,
Yihyfoul{e).
big (1 orig. sense ; the S. exx. are late instances)
1 strong, stout, mighty H5 r\-. ii. 43 Biej Mars ;
fig. Otii. in. iii. 350 bitj tears. [viii. 40.
2 great with young C'ym. i. i. 39 ; fig. Mer.V. n.
3 haughty, pompous All'sW. i. iii. 101 fi biij heart,
H8 I. i."ll9 Shall lessen this bie/ book.
bigamy : marriage with a widow (formerly an
ecclesiastical offence) R3 in. vii. 188.
bilberry: conuuon midland name of the wliortlc-
bcrry, Vaccinium Myrtillus, Wiv. v. v. 61.
bilbo : properly, sword of Bilbao, noted for the
temper and elasticity of its blade Wiv. in. v. 115
likt ei (jood bilbo . . . hilt to point.
bilboes : shackles sliding on an iron bar which
is locked to the floor, used for mutinous sailors
Ham. v. ii. 6 the inutmcsin the bilboes.
bile ihyle) : spellings in the old edd. of boil sb.
billsb.': obsolete military weapon consisting of
a long wooden handle liaving at one end a blade
or axe-shaped head R2 iii. ii. 118 ; in the 10th
and 17th centuries painted or varnished in diffe-
rent coloui-s, hence broiva bill 2H0 iv. x. 14, Lr.
— BX.ADDEK
IV. vi. 93 ; a similar weapon used by constables
(with play on BiLLsb.=) Ado in. iii. 189 being taken,
up of these men's bills, 2He iv. vii. 134.
bill sb.- (3 late exx. of this sense ; 5 is very rare)
1 note, memorandum Sihr. iv. iii. 145 Error i' the
bill, ties. V. ii. 1.
2 draft of an act Wiv. ii. i. 29, H5 i. i. 1.
3 list, catalogue, inventory MND. i. ii. 109 ei bill
of properties, Mac. in. i. 100.
4 note or account of charges Tim. iii. iv. 50.
5 label AYL. i. ii. 132 With bills on the uecks.
advertisement, placard Ado i. i. 39 Be set up his
bills, Cses. IV. iii. 112 bills of otitlatrry.
7 = bill of exchange Wiv. i. i. 10, Shr. iv. ii. 80 6///.s-
for money by i.rih<nt(/i. [iii. OU.
billet sb. : thick stick used as a weapon Meas. iv.
billet vb. (twice only in S.)
1 to enroll Cor. tv. iii. 48 distinctly billeted.
2 to assign quarters to 0th. ii. iii. 389 yo tthere
thou ati billeted.
bird (1 oiig. sense, from which the mod. sense was
developed ; cf. Scotch proverb ' Eveiy craw
thinks its ain bird the whitest' : 2 not pre-S. ;
4 partly the old word 'burd'= maiden, partly fig.
use of 1 or the ordinary sense)
1 young of the feathered tribes 1H4 v. i. GO the
cuckoo's bird, 3H6 ii. i. 91, Tit. u. iii. 154.
2 game-bird ; fig. prey, object of attack Shr. v. ii.
46 Am I your bird? (cf. Kom. n. ii. 182i.
3 term of familiar endeanuent Tp. iv. i. 184, Ham.
I. v. 110 come, bird, come.
4 (?) maiden, girl Cym. iv. ii. 197.
bird-bolt : blunt-headed arrow for shooting birds
Ado I. i. 42 (Q Ff bttrboU), Tw.N. i. v. 99.
birding : hawking with a sparrow-hawk at small
birds, which were driven into a bush ami shot
Wiv. in. iii. 245 ; so birding-piece iv. ii. 00.
birlady : old form of by'r lady.
birth ^tlle sense of 'act of bringing forth, being
born ' is frequent)
1 that which is born 2H4 r\\ iv. 122 loathly births.
2 parentage, descent ; esp. high descent, good
family, noble lineage Ado li. i. 174 no equal fo>
his birth, John ii. i. 430 a match of birth.
3 nature Rom. ii. iii. 20 RetoUs front true birth.
4 nativitv, horoscope 2H0 iv. i. 'S-i calculate my b.
birtb-child : child born in a particular place'Per.
IV. iv. 41 (.Marina was born in Thetis element,
the sea). [130).
bisson (1 also in mod. edd. b. miiltitiHle + Cor. in. i.
1 purblind Cor. n. i. 72 (Fibees<ini(().
2 (?) blinding Ham. ii. ii. 537 [529] bisson rheum.
bite vb. ; bite the (or one's) lip for the purpose of re-
straining anger or agitation Slir. n. i. 243, H8in.
ii. 114, Troil. iir. iii. 250; bite the thumb at, to
defy ' by putting the thumbe nailc into the
mouth, and with a ierko from the upper teeth
make it to knack ' (Cotgr.) Rom. I. i. 60 ; bite one's
tont/ue, to be silent or speechless 2H0 i. i. 231,
3H'6 I. iv. 47, Tit. in. i. 132 ; bite by the ear as a
sign of fondness Rom. ii. iv. 84 ; bite by the nose,
to treat witli contempt Meas. irr. i. 107.
bitiimed: pitched as with bitumen Per. m. i. 72
l(,)q billumtil), in. ii. 50 iQq buttonied).
blackberry : used as a type of what is of little
worth 1114 n. iv. 209 as plenty as blackberries,
Troil. V. iv. 13 is not proved tcorlh a b. % Cf. ' He
settetlie nut therby a blalvberic ' iHoccleve).
Black Monday : Easter Monday Mer.V. ii. v. 25.
^The current explanations of this name rest on
doubtful evidence.
blackness: w-ickedness Per i. ii. 89.
bladder: boil, pustule Troil. v. i. 24 bluilelersfutl
of imposthuiiu.
BIiADED
bladed : in t}ie blade MND. i. i. 211 the bladedgmss,
Mac. IV. i. 55* (' not yet in the ear').
blank sb. (etyniol. meaning is ' something white ')
1 white spot in the centre of a target ; fig. any-
thing aimed at, range of such aim Wint. li. iii. 5
out of the blank And leid nf my brain, Troil. ui. iii.
232, Ham. iv. i. -12 As Itcd as the cannuii to his
blank. . ., Lr. I. i. 101, 0th. lu. iv. 121 stood within
the blank of his displeasure.
2 lottery ticket which does not gain a prize Cor. v.
ii. 10 lots to blanks ( = all the world to nothing).
3 blank paper Soun. Ixxvii. 10 ; gs\>. = blank charter
(R2 I. iv. -18), document given to the agents of the
crown in Ricliard Us reign to till up as they
pleased R2 il. i. 251.
4 void T\v. X. II. iv. 112 what's her history 1 — A. blank.
blank vb. : to make pale, blanch Ham. lU. ii. 232.
blast (3 metaphor from the testing of cannon)
1 to ' split ' (the ears) witli a din Aut. jv. viii. 36.
2 to witlier or fall under a blight Gent. I. i. 48
hlastiiiij in the bud, Lucr. 49.
3 to burst Ham. iv. vii. 154 // this should blast in
liroof
blastment : blight Ham. i. iii. 42.
blazon sb. (1, 2 proper tei-ms of heraldry)
1 armorial bearings, coat of arms Wiv. V. v. 70
With loyal blazon ; tig. Tw.N. i. V. 314.
2 description of armorial bearings according to the
rules of heraldry, (hence simply) description Ado
II. i. 309 I think your blazon to be true.
3 ]iroclaiming, publishing Ham. i. v. [iv.] 21 this
fji rnal 6., Sonn. cvi. 5 inthe b. of sweet beauty s best.
blazon vb. (used partly with heraldic metaphor)
1 to describe fitly, set forth honourably in words,
publish the praises of Rom. ii. vi. 26, 0th. ii. i.
03 the quirks of blazoning pens, Compl. 217 \Vith
wit well blazon'd.
2 to proclaim, make public Tit. iv. iv. 18 blazoning
iiur injistire fiery where. Cym. iv. ii. 170.
bleak : pale All's W. i. i. 116 Look b. in the cold wind.
blear the eyes : to hoodwink, deceive Shr. v. i. 120.
bleeding' : running or suffused with blood, bloody
.Tulin n. i. 304 ^/(« b. ground, C'ses. iii. i. 168, Mac. v.
ii. 4 : tig. unstanched, unhealed Cor. ii. i. 87 dis-
miss the controversy b.; as adv. Tim. i. ii. 81 b.-new.
blench, sb. : swerving, inconstancy Soun. ex. 7.
blencll vb.: to start aside, 'shy' at, flinch /roHi
Mcas. IV. V. 5 blench frooi this to that, Troil. I. i.
:io //. lit sufirance. Ham. ii. ii. 634 [626]// Ac but b.
blend: Weii<lod Compl. 215.
blent: blcn<kd Mer.V. ui. ii. 182, Tw.X. i. v. 259.
bless (3 in Ado i. iii. 70, with a pun on the sense
' cross oneself, sign oneself with the cross ')
1 to guard, keep /rom R3 lir. iii. 4.
2 to make happy with some gift Tp. n. i. 1.31, H8 n.
iv.Mblest with matiy children, Err. fl. i. 79 (ironi-
cally)
3 rcfl. to esteem oneself supremely happy Wint.
HI. iii. 116, 2H4ii. iv. 102 yon would bless you to
liiitr II hat he said.
blest: endowed with healing virtues (cf. plant-
names like 'blessed thistle") Per. iir. ii. 35 the
hli st infusions Tliat dwell in vegetives . . .
blind (2 cf. L. ' caeca nox ' Virgil, ' caecum an-
trum ' Lucan)
1 lieedless, regardle.ss, reckless, indiscriminate
Tw.X. V. i. 239 the b. wares, H5 m. iii. 34 TItc b.
and bloijilfi solilii.r. R.3 i. iv. 202 to thy oirn soul so b.
2 enveloped in darkness, dark, obscure R3 in. vii.
1l8 bliiiil firijitfulness {Ff darki), v. iii. 02 b. rare
itl'ftiriiiil iiii/ht, Lucr. 675 blind roncialing night.
blindfold I twice in S.; 1 is an exceptional use)
1 tiKit (Icsiioys the sight R2 i. iii. 224 b. death.
2 rtckkss Veu. 654 blindfold fury.
18 -BLO W
blindness : concealment Err. iii. ii. 8 Mitffle your
false lore with some sliow of blindness.
blister'd: puffed H8 i. iii. 31 l^hort b. breeches.
bloatt : soft-bodied, puffed, bloated Ham. in. iv. 182
(Ff 6/(1/(0. Ti The proper form is blowt (Qq), i(jv
which Warburton substituted bloat. ' Blowty '
in the same sense is used in Lincolnshire.
block : wooden mould for a hat, (hence) shape or
fashion (of hat) Ado L i. 78, Lr. iv. vi. 188.
blood ifles-h and b., let (a person) b. are fref|. ; man of
blood'yiac. III. iv. 126, 4 a hunting expression)
1 vital fluid, (hence) life Rom. in. i. 189 the price of
Ills dear blood.
2 supposed source of emotion, (hence) passion Ado
II. 1. ISd, faith melteih into blood; temper, niood. dis-
position Ado I. iii. 30 it better fits nty blood, 2H4 iv.
iv. 38, Tim. rv. ii. 38, Ham. ui. ii. 74 Whose blood
andjudgnient are so well comimded ; (emphatically)
high temper, mettle, anger Mer.V. i. ii. 20, Lr.
rv. ii. 64.
3 fleshly nature of man Tp. rv. i. 53 the fire i' the
blood, Compl. 162.
4 /)( blood, in full vigour, full of life LLL. iv. ii. 4,
1H6 IV. ii. 48, Cor. i. i. 165 ('art in the worst
condition for running '), rv. v. 226.
5 blood-relationship, (hence) parentage, descent,
stock, kindred Meas. iii. i. 141, MND. i. i. 135.
AYL. I. i. 48, John iv. ii. 99 That hlnnd which ow'd
( = owned) the breadth of all this isle, IHO iv. v. 16,
Mac. II. iii. 147 the near in b., The nearer bloody.
6 good parentage or stock Gent. iii. i. 121 a gentle-
man of blood, Troil. iir. iii. 26.
7 man of Are. spirit, or mettle Alo iii. iii. 140,
LLL. V. ii. 713, Caes. i. ii. 150 tlie bn id of noble b-s.
blood-bolter'd : having tlie hair matted with
bloo 1 Mac. rv. i. 123 b. lianquo. ■f|In Shropsliire
tangled or unkempt hair is called ' bantered " : in
Warwickshire snow is said to ' baiter' on lioi-se.s'
feet ; in Cheshire things are said to be ' bantered '
with mud.
blood-drinking sighs 2H6 ni. ii. 63 : ref. to the
popular notion that every sigh causes the heart
to lose a drop of blood.
blood-sucker: bloodthirsty person 2H6 in. ii. 226.
bloody 2 tir^t rfcorded from S.)
1 consistini.Mif Mood AYL. in. v. 1 bloody drops; con-
taining blood John iv. ii. 2\0* the bloody house of
life (=the body).
2 blood-red H5 i. ii. 101 bloody flag, Cses. v. i. 14.
3 passionate 2H4 it. i. ."54 ■* Led on by bloody youth.
blossom (much commoner than 'bloom')
1 one lovely and full of promise Wint. in. iii. 43
Jilossoni, sptedthee well, lH6iv. vii. 16, (ironically)
Tit. IV. ii. 7.3.
2 in the blossoms, in the prime, at the height Wint.
V. ii. 140, Ham. I. v. 76 in the blossoms of my sin.
blot (2 is common Eliz.: 3 not pre-S.1
1 to tarnish, stain, sully Shr. v. ii. 140 It blots thy
beauty; absol. LLL. iv. iii. 241.
2 to calumniate, throw mud at John ii. i. 132.
3 to obscure Ven. 184 raponrs iihen they blot the sky.
blowsb.:(?) mixture of senses (a) stroke, (b) blasting
noise Shr. i. ii. 212. ^ S. is the earliest authority
iorfcdl to blows 2K6 n. iii. 82, at a b. 3H6 v. i. .50.
blow vb. ' (2 not pre-S. , but ' blowing ' = ' flies" eggs'
is earlier)
1 to inflate, swell, putf up Tw.X. n. v. 49, Ant. iv.
vi. 34 This bloirs my heart.
2 (of flies) to deposit their eggs (on) and so make
foul Tp. in. i. 63, LLL. v. ii. 410, Otii. iv. ii. 66
sutnintr flics . . . That quicken >rin with btowivo.
blow vb.^: to blossom, bUiom Gent. i. i. 40, MXP.
n. i. 249 (( bank whtrcon-f the mid thyme blown ; tig.
Troil. I. iii. 317.
SImOWN
blown ppl. a.i (1 a very rare use)
1 wLispered, hinted 0th. in. iii. 182 (Ff hluncd).
2 swollen, inflated (lit. and fig.) 1H4 iv. ii. 54 b.Juck,
Cor. V. iv. 51 /lie b. tide, Lr. iv. iv. 27 b. uiubitiun.
blown ppl. a." : blossomed Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 39.
blowse : ruddy-faced fat wench Tit. jv. ii. 73.
blowt : see bloat.
blue (first in S. as applied to mountains, flame,
and veins)
1 formerly the distinctive colour of the dress of
servants .Shr. iv. i. 93, 1H6 i. iii. 47 Blue vuats to
in any coats.
2 leaden-coloured, livid Wiv. iv. v. 117 heafen black
and blue, v. v. 51 as blue as bilbctrij.
3 applied to the bluish-black circle round the eyes
caused by weeping or watching AYL. lu. ii. 398,
Lucr. 1587.
blue-bottle : nickname for a beadle, in allusion to
his blue uniform 2H4 v. iv. 22 (Ff bluv-Bott(c)rd,
Q bleabottk).
blue-cap: a 'blue-bonnet' or Scotchman 1H4 ii.
iv. 397. ^A broad round flat cap of blue woollen
material was fonnerly common in Scotland.
blue-ey'd: see blue 3, Tp. i. ii. 269 tin's b. hay.
blvint (1 historically the earliest; 'dull-edged,'
of a tool, is later; this occurs in S., as well as
the meaning 'abrupt, unceremonious")
1 of dull perception, dull-witted Gent. n. vi. 41,
2H4 Ind. 18 the blu)tt monster with \incounted heads
( = ' the many-headed multitude ').
2 nide, unpolished, 3H6 iv. viii. 2 blunt Hollanders,
Lucr. 1300 ; (hence) rough, harsh, unfeeling 3H6
V. i. 86 so blunt, unnatural, Ra I. iii. 104. Ven.
884 the blunt boar, rourjh bear, or lion proud.
blurt: to pooh-pooh n^ Per. n'. iii. 34 ours was
blurted at.
board (1 and 2 are fig. uses of the hostile entering
of a ship ; the sense ' provide meals for ' occurs)
1 to make advances to, address, accost Wiv. ii. i.
91, Shr. I. ii. 96, All's W. v. iii. 213.
2 b(ar up and board 'em Tp. III. ii. 3 (.' make another
attack on the bottle ').
boar-pig: young boar 2H4ir. iv. '2h0 Bartholomttcb.
boast (used both intr. andrefl. in the usual sense)
1 to display proudly Lucr. 55 ^Yhin beauty boasted
blushts.
2 bejast off, to ci-y up, praise highly Tp. iv. i. 9.
bob sb.: 'rap', jibe, taunt AYL. h. vii. 55.
bob vb.' (of different origin fi-om bob vb.- and vb.')
1 to cheat out of Troil. iii. i. 76 You shall not bob
us out of our melody.
2 to filch 0th. V. i. \% jewels that I bohb'd/rom him.
bob vb.- : to bang, thump R3 v. iii. 335 bobh'd, and
thnmp'd, Troil. ll. i. 75.
bob vb.^ : to move with a jerk MXD. ii. i. 49 tiyainst
/((»• lips I boh.
bodement: omen, augury Troil. v. iii. 80, Mac. rv.
i. 96 Siieit bodements!
bodg'e : to give way 3H6 i. iv. 19.
bodkin (1 the orig. sense, Chaucer onwanis ; the
mod. use is post-S.)
1 dagger Ham. lil. i. 76 When he himself miyht his
quietus make With a hate hodkin.
2 small pointed instrument for piercing holes in
cloth, &c., Wint. III. iii. 87.
3 long pin or pin-shaped ornament for the hair
LLL. v. ii. 612 The head of a bodkin.
\)Ody forth : to give mental shaie to MXD. v. i. 14.
^ Imitated by modern writers.
boggier : waverer Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 110 i'ou hare
been a boyyler ever.
boil sb. (old edd. bile, byle) : Cor. i. iv. 31 BoHs and
plrif/ues piaster you n'cr .'
boiled: boiled brains (Ffn^ hyplicncd'. hot-headed
19 -BOND
fellows Wint. in. iii. 63 (cf. Tp. v. i. 60, and MND.
Y. i.i Lovers a ndinadme a huie such. veethiny brains);
in boil'd stuff Cym. i. vi. 125 there is an allusion
to the sweating-tub.
bold (the ordiuai-y senses are well represented in S.)
1 be or wake (so) bold, to venture so far as to, pre-
sume to Wiv. II. ii. 164, iv. v. 13 I'll be so bold us
stay, H8 iir. ii. 319, Ven. 124 ; be or make bold with
tor upon), to take liberties with, make free with
Wiv. 11. ii. 267, Ado iii. ii. 8, Kom. iii. i. 83, Caos.
n. i. 86 we are too bold upon your rest.
2 confident (o/), trusting (in) LLL. ii. i. 28 B. of your
■worthiness, AU'sW. V. i. 5, 0th. li. i. 51 my hopes
. . .Stand inb. cure, Cym. it. iv. 2 Iain b. Iier honour
Will n main, hirs ; SO make bold Cym. v. v. 89.
bold-beating : app. confusion of hold-facd (1H6
IV. vi. 121 anil 'brow-beating' : Wiv. ii. ii. 2'8yrjur
hold-biiitiiiy oaths.
boldness: confidence Mea.s. iv. ii. l(Ji boldness of { =
confidence in).
bolin : early form of ' bowline ' Per. in. i. 43 Slack
the bolins there.
bollen (old edd. boln) : swollen Lucr. 1417 all boll'n
and red ; Mer. V. iv. i. 56 bollen t bagpipe (old edd.
Woollen ; many conj'. wauliny, &c.). [iii. 400.
bolster : to lie on a l)olster(i. e. together) Otli. iii.
bolt sb. (the senses ' door-fastening ' and ' thunder-
bolt ' occur ; 2 was common from 1480 to 1690)
1 arrow, esp. one of the stouter and shorter kind
with blunt or thickened head MND. ii. i. 165 the
bolt of Cupid, Cym. iv. ii. 300 ; A fool's bolt is soon
shot (proverb common from the 13th to 18th v.)
H5 III. vii. 137 ; I'll make a shaft or a bolt out, Fll
risk making something or other out of it, I'll
make the venture Wiv. in. iv. 24.
2 fetter Meas. v. i. 345 Lay bolts enouqh on him,
CjTU. v. iv. 10 tojjick that bolt. 204.
bolt vb." : to sift (lit. and fig.) Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 377
the fanned snow That's b-ed by the northirn blasts.
bolt vb.2 : to fetter (fig.) Ant. v. ii. 6 shackles acci-
dents, and bolts lip chanye.
bolter : box or chest in which flour is sifted from
bran 1H4 lir. iii. 81 / have yiien them away to
baker.s' wives, and. they hare made bolters of them ;
so bolting-hntcb fig. 1H4 ii. iv. 501.
bombard : leather j'ug for liquor (probably resem-
bling the (annolis formerly so called) Tp. ii. ii.
21, lH4ir. iv. 503 thathu.ji b. of sack, H8 v. iv. 87.
bombast sb. : cotton wool used for padding or
stuffing 1H4 n. iv. :;64 my sweet creature of b.\
fig. LLL. V. ii. 789 As h. and as lining to the lime.
bombast adj'.: inflated, turgid 0th. I. i. 13 bombast
cirrit instance.
bona-roba : showy wanton (.T.) 2H4 in. ii. 26, 220.
bond (2 and 4 are the most freq. uses)
1 chain, fetter, usu. pL (often fig.) Err. v. i. 250
gnawing , , . my b-s in sunder, John in. iv. 70
liore them (= hairs) /row their h-s, Troil. i. iii. 66,
Caes. I. i. 38 capfhe b-s, Cym. i. i. 117 b-s of death.
2 tic of duty, obligation of affection AYL. i. ii. 293
the natural bond of sisters. Cor. v. iii. 25 All bond
and privilei/e of nature, Tim. i. i. 145, Lr. I. i. 95
/ lore your majesty According to my bond, Sonn.
cxvii. 4 Whereto all bunds do tie me ; Cses. u. i.
280 bond of m-arriage ; cf. H8 ii. iv. 38 My bond to
wedlock.
3 cementing or uniting force Wint. rv. iii. [iv.]586
Prosperity's the very bond of love.
4 deed by which one binds oneself to another to
make a payment or fulfil a contract iMer.V. i. i'i.
28 / think I may take his bond, in. ii. 318, &c.,
R2 II. i. 64 rolten parchment bonds ; often fig. and
in extended use, R3 iv. iv. 77 Cancel his bond of
life, Mac. III. ii. 49 Caned and tear to pieces that
BONDAGE - 20
iiruit hijii/l ( = Ban iuo"s life), Sonn. cxlii. 7 seal'cl
fdlse homh of love, Lucr. 136.
bondag'e (1 with allusion to senses 'captivity',
ami ' servitude ')
1 coiulition of being bound Cym.v.v.307i(;^/j/sf(»-Bis
alone ; they were not born for lionihuje Conipl. 34.
2 binding force, obligation Cym. ii. iv. Ill the vows
eif iifimcn Of no more howJuije he . . .
bone I the usual senses are Ireq. ; 2 used only in
'■atlis ; 4 cf. ' The lace-makers still call their work
getting their bread out of the bones ', Naresj
1 ijOHtii/ honex, unborn child Lr. ii. iv. 163.
2 tin honm, lingei-s 2H6 i. iii. 193.
3 pi. some rude musical instrument MXD. iv. i. 33.
4 pi. boblMns with whicli bone-lace was made
Tw.X. n. iv. 45 weave their thread with bonis.
bonnet: to take off the bonnet in token of respect
Cor. II. ii. 30 those who, havinr/ hien supple and
eonrfeons to the people, bonneted.
bonny (2 doubtful sense ; 3 still dialectal)
1 pleasant to look upon, comely 2Htj v. ii. 12 the
bonny beast he lov'd so well. Ham. iv. v. 186 bonny
sirvd Robin, [line of an old ballad]
2 big. stout AYL. n. iii. 8 b. priser (mod. edd. bony).
3 gladsome Ado ii. iii. 71 be you blithe and honny.
book (fig. and allusive uses of 2 are freq.)
1 writing, document 1H4 ill. i. 224 By that time
will our book, I think, be drawn.
2 volume or literary work read or consulted (freq.);
fig. John n. i. 485 tins hook of beauty (— Bianca),
Rom. I. iii. 87 This precious ho<d; ejf love, this unbound
/o/fc ( = Paris); 2H4 m. i. 45 the hook of fate, R2i.
iii. 202 the hook of life, Sonn. xxv. Wfrom the book
of honour razid quite ; Tphrases by the hoejk, accord-
ing to prescription, with due fomiality AYL. v.
iv. 95, R')ni. l. v. 114 ; cf. in. i. 108 ; without look,
from memoiy, by rote Tw.N. i. iii. 29, Ti-oih ii.
i. 20 learn a prayer without bejok.
3 the Bible Wiv. i. iv. 152, LLL. iv. iii. 250 who can
yireanoath? where in a. book?. Hence book-oath
'2H4 u. i. 115. Also = religious office-book John
III. iii. 12 Bell, look, and candle.
4 = account-book Lr. lil. iv. 98 keep . . . thy pen from
lender's books, Cym. m. iii. 26 keeps his book iin-
cross'd; = memorandum-book, note-book, or book
of records, often fig. IHO ii. iv. 101 I'll note ijou
in my book of memory, 2H6 i. i. 101 Blottiny your
nami s from bookn of memory. Cor. v. ii. 15 I have
been The book of liis yeyod acts. Ham. i. v. 103, Per.
I. i. 94; (hence) in a person's hookls = in favour
with him Ado i. i. 80, Shr. ii. i. 223, 2H4 ir. ii.
51 in the devil's hook.
5 by extension of sense 2 = (i) rigmarole, screed
Ado I. i. 317 [309] (( b. of words ; (ii) study, learn-
ing, instruction Tp. iii. i. 94 I'll to my b., AYL.
n. i. 16 tongues in trees, b-s i>i the runniny brooks,
H8 I. i. 122 A b(i/;/ar's b. Outworlhs a nobk 's blood.
bookful : Ado V. ii. 32 ; or read, a ivhole hook full.
book-man : scholar, student LLL. ri. i. 225, &c.
book-mate: fellow-student LLL. iv. i. 103.
boorish: used as sb. = illiterate speech AYL. v.
i. 54.
boot sb.' (3 influenced by the word ' booty ')
1 something given in addition or into the bargain
AVint. IV. iii. [iv.] 6.54, R3 iv. iv. 65 I'onng York
he is hut boot, Troil. iv. v. 40 I'll yive you boot ;
rilyive you thr^eforone ; esp. in phr. to b. (freo.).
2 advantage, profit : phrases make boot of, profit
by Ant. iv. i. 9 ; it is no boot, it is of no avail or
use Shr. v. ii. 177 ; to hoot, to our lielp Wint. i.
ii. 80, R3 V. iii. 302 Saint Oeorye to boot !
3 bootv, plunder in phr. make boot {upon, of) 1H4
II. i. 01, H5 I. ii. 194, 2H6 iv. i. 13.
boot sb.- ; to yivc (a person) the bouts, to fool him
— BOTS
Gent. I. i. 27'. ^ Cf. 'to give one the boots, to
sell him a bargaine ' Cotgr. s.v. Bailler.
boot vb.' (1 the usual sense ; 2 once)
1 to a-vail : intr. R2 iii. iv. 18 ; trans. Gent. i. i. 28.
2 to enrich with an additional gift Ant. ii. v. 71
/ (('/// hejot thee with what ijift biside . . .
boot vl).= : to put on one"s boots 2H4 v. iii. 138.
boot-hose : over-stocking covering the leg like
a jack-boot Shr. in. ii. 69 a ktrsey boot-hose.
bootless: unavailing (freq.) ; adv. MSD. u. i. 37,
Tit. III. i. 36.
border : to keep within bounds Lr. iv. ii. 33.
bore sb. (2 metaphor from a gun)
1 small hole Cor. iv. vi. 88 (see augek), Cym. iii. ii.
58 the bores of hearing ( = the eai-s).
2 calibre (fig.; Ham. l\'. vi. 28 too light for the bore
of the matter. [v.)
bore vb. (2 used by Fletdier, ' Spanish Cm-ate ' iv.
1 to perforate, trans, and intr. MND. iii. ii. 53, R2
III. ii. 170.
2 to clieat, gull H8 1, i. 128 He b-s me with some trick.
Boreas: the north wind Troil. i. iii. 38thc ruffian B.
bore-sprit : see Bowsprit.
borrow sb.: borrowing Wint. i. ii. 39.
borrow vb. (extensions of the common sense are)
1 to derive, receive Troil. iv. v. 132 any drop [of
blood] thou borrow'dst from thy mother, Sonn.
cliii. 5 Which borrow' d from this holy fire vf Love
A dateless lively heat.
2 to assume, putonH5ll. iv. Id The borrow' d glories;
cf. Lr. I. iv. 1 If but as well I other accents borrow ;
hence borrowed often = counterfeit, false Rom.
IV. i. 104, Lucr. 1549 those borroit'd teecrs.
bosky : shrubby Tp. iv. i. 81 My hosky acres.
bosom sb. (bosom multiplied Cor. in. i. 130 prob.
= the bosom of the many-headed monster, i. e.
the people ; bisson multitueh\) [38.
1 Abraham's h. (Luke xvi. 22) = Paradise K3 iv. iii.
2 fold or pocket in the front part of a bodice, used
for letters, &c. Gent. I. ii. Ill, Ham. ii. ii. 112.
3 seat of affection, desire, passion = 'heart' (freq.);
Lr. V. iii. 50 the common b. (=the affections of
the populace) ; sometimes = (i) repositoiy of
secrets Meas. v. 1. 10 To lock it in the wards of
covert b., Ctes. v. i. 7 / eem in their b-s, Lr. iv. v.
26 you are of herb.; (ii) desire, intimate thoughts
Meas. IV. iii. 143 have your b. on this wretch, Uth.
m. i. 58 To speak your b. freely.
4 of things : (i) surface John rv. i. 3 the h. of the
ground, Rom. i. iv. 102, ii. ii. 32 the b. of the air ;
(ii) enclosing walls (of a tower) R2 v. i. 3 whose
flint b.; (iii) depths, inmost recesses LLL. iv. iii.
32, John II. i. 410 this city's b., R3 i. i. 4 the deep
h. of the ocean ; cf. H8 li. iv. 180 the b. of my con-
science ( = my inmost conscience).
bosomi vb. (Cf. ' I'll bosom what I think', John
Day, 1606)
1 lit. to take to the bosom, embrace ; (hence) to
admit to close companionship Lr. v. i. 13 con-
junct And bosoin'd irith her.
2 to keep in secret H8 l. i. 112 B. up my counsel.
botch sb. : flaw resulting from iiuskilfui workman-
ship Mac. HI. i. 134 ; so botch vh. to patch, esii.
unskilfully (chiefly fig. witli /(;/) Tw.X. iv. i. 6(1
hoa< many fruitless pranks This ruffian hath b-'it
up ( = clumsily contrived), H5ii. ii. 115, Ham. iv.
V. 10 b. the words up to fit their own thoughts ;
botcher AU'sW. iv. iii. 211, Cor. ii. i. 99.
botchy con, central hard mass of a boil or tumour
Troil. II. i. 6 ^?soIne pun on botch vb.).
both-sides: duubk-faccd AllsW. iv. iii. 252 Damn-
uhli Imlh-sidis rogiii !
bots : disrase ot horse s caused by parasitic worms
or maggots Shr. III. ii. 67, IHl ii. i. 11 ; in oaths
BOTTLE
21
—BRANCHLESS
Per. 11. i. 1'28 bols on't. fj ' Bots ' was used both
as sing, (for the disease) and as pi. (for the mag-
gots) in Eliz. times.
bottle : truss (of hay i MND. iv. i. 38.
bottled (not pre-S.) : bottle-shaped, big-bellied E3
I. iii. :i42 that hotthd spider, iv. iv. 81.
bottom sb. (freq. in the ordinary sense, and fig. ■=
' depths ')
1 low-lying land, valley AYL. iv. iii. 80 down in
the ne/yhbour bottom, 1H4 iii. i. 106 so rich a b.
2 ship, vessel (orig. the keel or hull) Mer. V. I. i. 42
3Iy rentures are not in one bottom trusted, Tw.N.
V. i. 61, John n. i. 73, H5 ni. Chor. 12.
3 ball of thread Shr. iv. iii. 137 b. of brown thread.
bottom vb. (cf. prec. 3) : to wind, as a skein of
thread Gent. in. ii. 53 as you itnwind her love from
him . . . Van must p^roride to bottom it on me.
bottom-g-raes : grass growing in low valleys
Yen. 236.
bounce sb. and int. : bang John ir. i. 462 cannon
jirf, and smoke undbounce, 2H4nr. ii. 307 'bounce,''
no til (I a' say.
bound sb. (' bound ' = leap is a different word)
1 boundaiy, limit, barrier (lit. and fig. ) Tp. i. ii. 97
A conjidence sans bound, MXD. in. ii. 65, John
III. i. Ii Like a proud river peering o'er his bounds ;
Hani. IV. vii. Ii8 Jievenye should have no bounds.
2 chiefly pi. territory, district, precinct Err. i. i.
133 tl'irouyk the bounds of Asia, Tim. v. iv. 61 in
your city's hounds ; sometimes sing. = area Tp. li.
i. 1.59 bound of land, 1H4 v. iv. 90.
bound vb.' : to enclose, confine, restrict .Tohn ii. i.
431, 442 the banks that bound them in, Troil. i. iii.
Ill the boundid waters, xv. v. 128.
bound vb." (not pre-Eliz.; 1 and 2 are obs.)
1 to recoil, rebound All'sW. ll. iii. 314 these heills
bound; there's noise in it, R2 I. ii. 58 ('She coiii-
paies her reiterated complaints to the rebound-
ing of a tennis-ball ').
2 to cause to leap H5 v. ii. 145 bound my horse.
bound ppl. a.' (older ' boun ', ' bun ' of Norse origin)
1 ready, prepared 3H6 ii. iv. 3, Ham. I. v. 6 I am
bound to hear, in. iii. 41 « man to double business
bound, Lr. in. vii. 11.
2 intending to go Err. rv. i. 3 b. To Persia, Cor. in. i.
53, Ham. rv. vi. 10, 6. for England, Sonn. Ixxxvi. 2.
bound ppl. a.- (pa. pple. of the vb. 'bind ')
1 under obligation, obliged 1H6 n. i. 37.
2 I dare be bound, I am certain Cym. iv. iii. 18.
bounden: obliiied/o AYL. i. ii. 303, John in. iii. 29.
bounteous, bountifully, bounty are freq. used
where ' generous ' and ' liberal ' and their deriva-
tives would be now usual.
bourn' : brook Lr. in. vi. 28 Come o'er the bourn.
bourn- : boundary, confine, limit Wint. i. ii. 135
Xo b. 'twixt his and mine. Ant. i. i. 16 I'll set a b.
how far to be belov'd, Lr. iv. vi. 58 this chalky b.
( = Dover clitfs). TJThe meaning in Ham. in. i.
79 country from whose b. Xo traveller returns has
been variously taken by modern writers to be
' goal ' and ' realm, domain '.
bout : round or turn (in fencing) Tw.N. ni. iv. 341,
Ham. IV. vii. 158, v. ii. 298 ; transf. to dancing
Rom. I. V. 21 ladies that have the toes Vnplagued
with corns will walk a bout\ with you (Qi have
about = a bout, Qq Ft icalke about).
bowsb.: yoke for oxen AYL. in. iii. 85 As the o.v
luith his bow.
bow vb. : to cause to bend, make crooked Shr. n. i.
151 boii'd her hand to teach her fingering, H8 n. iii.
36 tt three-pence bow'd, Per. iv. ii. 94 you arc a
young foolish sapling, and must be bowed ; fig. H5
I. ii. 14 wrest, or bow your reading, Cor, v. v. [vi.]
25 He bow'd his nature.
bow-back : < urved or arched back Yen. 619.
•[i ' Bow-backed " is recorded from 1470. [16.
bow-boy : boy with the bow, i.e. Cupid, Kom. n. iv.
bow-case: ease in wliich a bow is kept ; in 16th-
17th cent, applied humorously to a lean starve-
ling 1H4I1. iv. 277.
bowels: used in the Eliz. period = offspring Meas.
in. i. 29 thine own bowels, which do call thee sire.
bower : to embower, enclose Kom. ui. ii. 81.
bowg'et: see budget.
bow hand: hand that holds the bow in arcliei-y,
i. e. the left hand LLL. iv. i. 137 Wide o' the b.
bowl (four times in S.; 1 rhymes with 'owl ')
1 to play at bowls LLL. r\". i. 142 challenge her to b.
2 to cause to roll Ham. ii. ii. 526 [518J.
3 to roll like a bowl, i. e. with a regular motion
Wint. n'. iii. [iv.] 340' if it be not too rough for some
that knoiv little but bowling.
4 howl'd, pelted with rolling missiles Wiv.in.iv. 91.
bowsprit : Yibon-sprit{t, common Eliz. form Tp. i.
ii. 200.
boy my greatness : Ant. v. ii. 219 ; allusion to the
fact that l)oys or youths played female parts on
the stage in S.'s time.
boy-queiier : boy-killer Troil. v. v. 45.
brabble: quarrel, brawl Tw.X. v. i. 69 hi private
b. did ire appreliend him. Tit. ii. i. 62 This petty b.
brabbler : quarreller, brawler John v. ii. 162 ; cf.
Troil. V. i. 102 Be will spend his mouth , . . like
Jlrabbler the hound.
brace sb. (etym. meaning ' the two arms ', (hence)
'armour covering the arms' ; 3 orig. of dogs,
perhaps because the leash was called a brace)
1 (?) coat of armour "Per. n. i. 137.
2 state of defence 0th. i. iii. 24 stands not in such
war-like brace.
3 pair (of dogs) 3H6 ii. v. 129 b. of greyhounds ; (of
persons, freq.) Tp. v. i. 126 my h. of lords, [ii. 169.
brace vb.: to tighten the skin of (a drum) John v.
bracta.: kind of hound that hunts by scent Shr. Ind.
i. 17, Lr. m. vi. 72 b. or lym ; esp. a bitch-hound
1H4 111. i. 240 Lady, my brach, Lr. i. iv. 125.
bragf vb. (the foil, are rare uses ; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 to boast of, vaunt Cor. i. viii. 13, Cym. v. iii. 93.
2 to talk with just pride of Rom. i. v. 71 brags of
him To be a virtuous . . . youth, n. vi. 31.
brag'less(S.) : without vain boasting Troil. v. ix. 4.
braid adj. (S.) : (?) deceitful All'sW. rv. ii. 73.
braid vb.' : to plait Yen. 271 braielcd . . . mane,
Compl. 35 slackly braided, [yourself.
braid vb.^ : to upbraid Per. l. i. 93 'Twould braid
brain sb. : bear a brain, to have remembrance Bom
I. iii. 29 ; beaten with brains, satirized, mocked
Ado V. iv. 104 ; for other phrases see boiled,
DRY, HOT, &C.
brain vb. (1 fig. from dashing out the brains)
1 to defeat Meas. v. i. 397 That brain'd my purpose.
2 to conceive in the brain (S.) Cym. v. iv. 147.
brained : having brains Tp. in. ii. 7 brained like iis.
brainisb : headstrong, passionate Ham. iv. i. 11.
brake: thicket Yen. 816 her fawn hid in some b.; fig.
H8 1, ii. 75 the rough b. That virtue must go through.
branch (1 peculiar to S. ; in AYL. iv. ii. 5 there is
a ref. to the palm-branch and to the division of
a deer's horn called a ' branch ')
1 pi. applied to the human hands Tit. ii. iv. 18 made
thy body bare Of her two branches.
2 division, section, part Err. v. i. 106 a branch and
parcel of mine oath, Mer.Y. n. ii. 68 branches of
teaming. Ham. v. i. 12, Cym. v. v. 384.
branched : adorned with a figured pattern sug-
gestingbraiichesTw.N. n. v. 65my branched velvet
gown. 1 In use 1510-1700.
branchless : fig. destitute Ant. in. iv. 24.
3
BRAUD — i
brand : Cujiid's torch C'yiii. ii. iv. 91, Sonn. cliii. 1.
brass : used to symbolize U) liarduess, iiupeiushable-
ness Meas. v. i. 11 chnracters of 0., H5 iv. iii. 97
live in 6., Cjes. i. iii. 93 ualh o/beattn h., Soiin. Ixiv.
4; (ii) insensibility Sonn. cxx. 4 I'liless mij nci-res
vu-eh.; (iii) obduracy LLL. v. ii. S'd'Jdiiy /ticeo/b.
brass'dt : see brazeb.
brassy : hard as brass, pitiless Mer.\ . iv. i. 31
hriiiisii hosrims and roiifih hinrts of flint.
brave sli.: bravado, deifiant threat Slir. m. i. 15
Iinl! ni)t hcnr ilitse Inives of thine, John V. ii. 159
Tlun I ml thy bnne. Tit. n. i. 30.
brave adj. (neither sense is pre-Eliz.)
1 finely arrayed ; (hence) sho^\'J-, splendid Shr. Ind.
i. 40 bnne nttendnnt^, Sunn. xv. 8 uear their bnne
state out of mimonj, Pilgr. xii. 4 [160] Youth like
summer brave, aye like irinter bare.
2 verv freq. used as an epithet of praise of persons
and" things : excellent, capital, line Ado v. iv. 131
bnne puHishme7its, AYL. iii. iv. 41 that's a brave
man ! he writes brnre rerses, speaks brave words,
swears brave oaths, 1H4 iv. i. 7 a braver place In my
heart's love ; (ironically) Ham. it. ii. 619.
brave vl>. (1 freq. in S. ; 2 in common Eliz. use)
1 to challenge, defy (lit. and fig.) John iv. iii. 87
dar'sl thou brave a nobleman?, R3 iv. iii. 57 when
traitors brave the field, Lucr. 40 so rich a thiny,
Braviny compare ; also intr. in pres. pple. AlFsW.
I. ii. 31 bravinij war, K2 il. iii. 112 braving arms.
2 to make splenilid Shr. iv. iii. 125, E3 v. iii. 280
Hi [tlif sun] shinild have h-'d the east fin hour ago.
bravely: nsed in the senses of the adj., but the
meanings 'valiantly' and 'excellently, finely'
are often blended, e. g. Mac. v. vii. 26 The noble
thanea do bravely in the war.
bravery (sense ' valour ' does not clearly emerge)
1 defiance, bravado Ca?s. v. i. 10, Cym. m. i. 18.
2 splendour, finery, fine clothes Meas. i. iii. 10,
AYL. II. vii. 80, Shr. it. iii. 57 With scarfs luid
fans a>id double change of bravery, Sonn. xxxiv. 4.
3 ostentatious display Ham. v. ii. 79 the bravery
of lii.t grief.
brawl sb. : French dance resembling a cotillon LLL,
III. i. 9. T[A ditferent word from ' brawl ' =
quarrel, squabble (cf. next).
brawl vb. (1 freq. in lit. sense ; 2, 3 not pre-S.)
1 to quarrel noisily ; (hence) to be clamorous, or
noisy, or discordant Meas. iv. i. 11 my brawling
discontent, Slu'. iv. i. 209 FU rail and brawl, 2H4i.
iii. 70 as the times do b., Rom. i. i. 181 h-iny love !
2 (of a stream) to make a noise in its course over
stones, &c. AYL. li. i. 32 the brook that breiwls . . .
3 to beat down with clamour John ii. i. 383.
brawn (2 in common use from 1400 and now dial.)
1 tiesliy part of the bo 1y, esp. the arm, calf of the
leg, or buttock Troil. i. iii. 297 in my vanlbran
put this uitlur'd brawn, Cym. IV. ii. 311 The bnwns
of Hercnhs ; attnb. = fleshy All'.s^V. ii. li. 20.
2 (?) boar (said of Falstatf) 1H4 n. iv. 125.
brazed [from bkass] : hardened Ham. m. iv. 37
(FfQo braid, Qq.,-r, brasd, mod. edd. brass' d-\),
Lr. I. i. 11 1 am brazed to it.
brazen: in fig. senses following those of brass
2HG III. ii. 89 ioos'd them [the winds] forth their
brazen caves, 3H6 n. iv. 4 a brazen wall.
brazier : worker in brass H8 v. iv. 43 he should be
a brazier by his face.
breach (1 is frei[. and colours other uses, esp. 2)
1 gap in a fortification made by a battery H6 iii. i.
1 Once more iin/o the Imacli, dear friends.
2 fissure or gap caused by breaking John rv'. ii. 32
patches set upon a little breach, Ven. 1175 ; esp. =
wound Troil. iv. v. 244 the very breach whereout
Hector's great spirit flew, Ven. 1066.
-BBZSATH
3 violation, infraction Eir. rv. i. 49 i. of promise, H5
IV. i. 182, Ham. i. iv. 16 a custom More honour'd
■in the breach, Cym. iii. iv. 27.
4 break-up of friendly relations, rupture H8 ]v. i.
106, Lr. I. ii. 167 nuptial hnaches.
5 theb. of the sea, the breakers or surf Tw.N. ii. i. 23.
bread : God's bread, the sacramental bread, the
Host (used in oaths) Rom. iii. v. 177 ; bread and
cheese, typical of simple fare Wiv. ii. i. 139 I love
■no/ the liunidur of bnad and cheese.
bread-chipper : see chip vb. 2H4 n. iv. 346
breadth: extent (S.) AUsW. in. ii. 26 (Fi brtdth,
Craig hrcath), John iv. ii. 99 (see blood 5), Per.
IV. i. 36.
break (see also broken)
1 to cut open (a persons head) Wiv. I. i. 126 I broke
your head. Err. I. ii. 79 / shall b. that merry sconce
of yours, il. i. ISIirill b. thy pate across ; similarly
Kom. I. iii. 38 the day befori shi hmki Inr broir.
2 to crack (a joke) Shr. iv. v. 72 to Im ak a ji si ipon
the company, Troil. i. iii. 148 ; similarly Ado ii. i.
154 briak a comparison or two upon me, li. iii.
256 rimiunils of wit broken on me.
3 to reveal, disclose H5 v. ii. 264 break thij mind to
me, lH6i. iii. 82, Mac. i. vii. 48 bn<ik this entir-
prise to me \ (hence) intr. construed with uifh or
to, to make a revelation or disclosure Gent. in. i.
59 to break with thee of some affairs. Ado i. i. 319
I will break with her, find ivi'th her father, 336 to
her father will I break, H8 v. i. 47.
4 to open (negotiations) Tit. v. iii. 19"* break the
peirle (or ? = ' break oft' ').
5 to interrupt Wiv. iii. iv. 22 B. their talk, 2H4 r\'.
V. 65 have broke their sleep with thoughts, Ant. iv.
xii. [xiv.] 31 a teeiring groan did break Thi name
of Antony.
6 to make docile, train to Err. ni. i. 77 thon wanfest
breaking, Shr. li. i. 148 break her to the lute ?
7 intr. to disband, disper.se All'sW. rv. iv. 11.
8 to become bankrupt, fail Mer. V. in. i. 123,
(quihblingly) Rom. in. ii. 57.
9 of darkness : to be dispersed by light R3 v. iii. 87.
10 intr. and pass, to fall out or quarrel (with) Gent.
II. V. 19 What, are they broktn I Cor. iv. vi. 49 It
cninint be The Volsns flare break leith us.
break the heart of, to kill or overwhelm with
grief Ciir. i. i. 217 To break the hinrt of generosity,
Lr. III. iv. 4, Lucr. 1239 /hry droini tinir eyes or
break their hearts ; break one's heart, to die
Wiv. II. ii. 326 they irill brink tin ir hmrts but they
will effict. Tit. V. i. 113 ; break a lance, to have
a tilting match 1H6 m. ii. 50 : break up, to tear
open (seals) Mcr.V. ii. iv. 10, Wint. in. ii. 132
liriak up the seals, (end reftd ; with ref. to the
technical term for cai-ving a fowl LLL. rv. i. 56
you can carve ; Break up this capon (see capon) ;
break one's wind, to liecome broken-winded
1H4 II. ii. 13 ; break a word, to exchange words
irith Err. in. i. 75.
break-neck : ruinous course Wint. i. ii. 363 ;
break-promise AYL. rv. i. 202, break-vow
John n. i. 56y breaker of promises, vows.
breast : pair of lungs, voice Tw.N. ii. iii. 21 the fool
has an excellent breast. ^ Cf. 'Lets heare him
sing, h'as a fine breast,' Fletcher.
breath : S. is an early authority for the senses :
'power of breathing' Err. iv. i. 57 yon run this
humour out of b.. Ham. v. ii. 285 drink to Ham-
let's better b. ; and ' breathing-space, short inter-
val ' John III. iv. 134 one quiet b. of rest, H5 ii. iv.
145, R3 IV. ii. 24 .s-enne little b., some pause, Troil.
II. iii. 122 An after-dinner's b. ; the sense 'speech,
utterance, language ' is freq. Ado v. i. 276, MND.
III. ii. 44 b. so bitter, Lr. i. i. 62.
BREATHE —
breathe (1 i« imitated by later poets ; 2 the opposite
sense of ' rest, pause ' is freq.)
1 to speak Wiv. iv. v. 2 speak, hrenthe, disciiss,
Ham. II. i. 44 The youth you breathe of.
2 to exercise briskly All's W. ii. iii. 272 to breathe
thftiistU'cs upon thee.
breathed (see also lust-beeathed)
1 exercised, trained LLL. v. ii. 656 A man so
hn nth '(/, AYL. i. ii. 234, Shr. Ind. ii. 50 as swift As
bnalhid sla(/s. Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 177 ; (hence) in-
ured Tim. I. i. 10 breath'd, as it were, To ait uii-
tirable and coiitiimate goodness.
2 endowed with breath or life Wint. v. iii. 04.
breather (not in general use before S.)
1 one wlio breathes, living creature AYL. iil. ii. 298,
Sonn. Ixxxi. 12 <iU tlie breathers of this leorld.
2 one who breather or utters Meas. iv. iv. 31.
breathing' (1 cf. 'Hide not thj[ ear at my breathing,
at my cry ' Lamentations iii. 55)
1 utterance Ant. i. iii. 14 to (jive b. to my purpose.
2 pause, rest, delay Ado ll. i. '680 so louy a breathiny,
Liicr. 1720 Untimely breath inys.
3 exercise All'sW. i. ii. 17 sick For breathing and
exploit. Per. ii. iii. 101 ; so breathing-time of
rf((^ Ham. V. ii. 181. [1142.
breathing-while : short time E3 i. iii. 60, Ven.
breech : typifying ' the authority of the husband '
2H6 I. iii. 149 wear no breeches, 3H6 v. v. 2i stol'n
the breirh from Lancaster.
breech'd: covered as with breeches Mac. ii. iii.
123 ///(/)• (/(((///( j-.v Viimiinnerly breech'd ivith yore.
breeching scholar : schoolboy liable to be
whipped Shr. in. i. 18.
breed sb. (not pre-Eliz. ; 2 now replaced by 'brood ')
1 race, strain K2 ii. i. 45 This happy breed of men,
H8 II. ii. 4, Cym. iv. ii. 25 breed of yreatness! ;
family Mac. iv. iii. 108 ; kind, species LLL. v. ii.
267 //((' hi; id of wits so woiidir'd at, Ham. III. ii.
333 [327] this coitrfcsy is nut uf the riijht breed.
2 oflspring Sonn. xii. 14 ; fig. Mer.V. i. iii. 135 A
brad of barren metal.
breed vb. (sense 1 is peculiar to S.)
1 bred nut, exhausted, degenerated H5 in. v. 29
Our iiii/tlr is brul out, Tim. i. i. 259 The strain of
iiitin's bred out Info baboon and monkey.
2 to keep, support Wint. m. iii. 47 ^Vhich may . . .
breed thee ( = may suffice to bring thee up), Lr. iv.
ii. 73 A servant that he bred, Cym. ii. iii. 119 One
bred of alms, Sonn. cxii. 13* in my piirpose bred
(a) kept in my thoughts, (b) intimately bound up
with my life-purpose. [iv. 13.
breed-bate (see bate sb.) : mischief-maker Wiv. i.
breeding : parentage, descent Wint. iv. iii. 744
[iv. 7411, 2H4v. iii. 109.
breeze, breese : gadfly Troil. i. iii. 48, Ant. m.
viii. 24 [x. 14] The b. upon her, like a cow in June.
brewage : brewed drink AMv. in. v. 33.
Briareus: a hundred-handed giant in Greek
mytliology Troil. I. ii. 30 a youty Briareus, many
hands mid no use.
brib'd*: purlo-ned, stolen Wiv. v. v. 27 Divide me
like a brib'd buck, each a hiiunch.
briber : something which wins indulgence Tim. ni.
V. 62 a sufficient briber for liis life.
bride it -. to play the bride Shr. lii. ii. 254.
brief (both senses were common Eliz.)
1 letter, dispatch 1H4 iv. iv. 1 this sealed brief.
2 short account, summary, abstract MND. v. i. 42
There is a brief how many sports are ripe, All'sW.
V. iii. 137 a sweet verbed brief. Ant. v. ii. 137 a brief
of money, plate, and jewels ; fig. John ii. i. 103.
briefly : in a short time, soon, quickly Cor. i. vi.
16 'Tis not a mile; briefly we heeird their drums,
Ant. IV. iv. 10 Go put on thy defence.— Briefly, sir,
23 - BROAD
Cym. V. V. 107, Per. in. Gower 12, i. 53 ; so brief-
ness, quickness Lr. ii. i. 20, Per. v. ii. 15 In
feather'd briefness sails arefill'd.
bright : the sense ' lively, cheerful ' is recorded
first from S., Mae. in. ii. 28 Be b. and jovial.
brim fulness : condition of being full to the brim
H5 I. ii. 150. TJ Johnson read bninfuliuss.
brinded: marked with streaks of a Uiiierent colour
from the body-< olour Mac. iv. i. 1 the b. cat.
brine: first applied to tears in S., Rom. n. iii. 69,
Lucr. 796 ; cf. brine-pit Tit. in. i. 130 And made
a brine-pit with our bitter tears, and brinish
Lu( r. li!13 the brinish pearl.
bring" (the foil, are obs. or .special uses ; 1 is freq.;
2 peculiar to S.; 6 common in Eliz. dramatists)
1 to escort or accompany (a person) on his way
Gent. I. i. 55 thither will I briny thee, H5 n. iii. 2
let me briny thee to Staines, Caes. iii. ii. 58.
2 - ' bring word ', rej ort, inform Ham. v. ii. 204,
Ant. rv. xi. [xiii.] 10 6. me how he talces my death.
3 to derive 1H6 ii. v. 77 he From John of Gaunt doth
briny his pedigree.
4 = ' bring forth ', ' bring into the world' Wint. n.
i. 147 To briny false yi nirations, Sonn. xxxii. 11
A diarir birth than this his lore had brought ; cf.
Cor. v. iii. 125 That brought thee to this world.
5 briny out of tune, to piit out AYL. iii. ii. 264 ;
bring it to that, make it mean that Ant. ir. v. 33.
6 be with (a person) to bring : phrase of various ap-
plication but usually implying getting the upper
hand in some way Troil. i. ii. 3()4.
bring about, to cause to make a complete revolu-
tion, to complete (a cycle of time) LLL. v. ii. 806,
John in. i. 81, R2 i. iii. 220, 3H6 n. v. 27 How
many hours bring about the day ; bring forth,
(1) to express, put forth Troil. i. iii. 242 hring the
praise forth ; (2) to set in the public view, i^ro-
duce on a stage All'sW. v. iii. 152 To bruii/ forth
this discotery, H5 Prol. 10, Mac in. iv. 125, Ant.
y. ii. 218 Antony Shall be brought drunkui forth ;
bring in, to place or establish in one's position
0th. III. i. 53 ; bring off, to deliver, rescue, ac-
quit H8 III. ii. 221 / know A way . . . Will bring
me off again, Troil. v. vi. 25 /'// be ta'en too. Or
bring him off; bring on, to induce Ham. in. i.
9 bring him on to some confession. Ant. in. ii. 44 ;
bring out, to produce (in various applications)
Wint. IV. ii. [iii.] 130 If I make not this cheat bring
out another, 1H4 in. i. 47, Tim. iv. iii. 189 Let it
no more bring out ingrateful man ! ; bring up to,
to raise to the pitch of Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 546 And
briiui liim lip to liking.
bringings- forth : achievements Meas. in. ii. 157.
brisk (not pre-Eliz.; rare before S.)
1 quick and active Rom. i. v. 18 ; (of the times) fast
Tw.N. n. iv. 6 these most b. and giddy-paced times.
2 smartly dressed 1H4 1. iii. 54 To see him shine so b.
3 agreeably acid 2H4 v. iii. 46 wine that's brisk.
brisky (S.) : brisk MND. ni. i. 100 Most b. juirnal.
broach (orig. = ' to pierce ' ; 3 now the usual sense)
1 to stick (a thing) on a sword's point as on a spit
H5 V. Chor. 32 Bringing rebellion broached on his
sword, Tit. iv. ii. 86.
2 to tap (a cask), only fig. MND. v. i. 149 ivith blade
. . . He bravely broach'd his boiling bloody breast,
Tim. II. ii. 187 broach the vessels of my love ; with
blood as the obj. 1H6 in. iv. 40, 2H6 iv. x. 40.
3 to begin, introduce in conversation or discussion
Shr. I. ii. 85 that I broach'd in jest, H8 ii. iv. 147
broach this business to your highness, Ant. i. ii. 18:3.
broad (not very common in S.)
1 free, unrestrained Mac. in. vi. 21 broad words,
Ham. in. iv. 2 his pranks have been too broad ;
widely diffused Mac. iii.iv. 23 As broad and general
BROAD-FBONTED -
24
BUDGEK
fix the casiiif/ air ; arrogant Troil. i. iii. 190 in full
an proud a'place As broad AchiUts.
2 adv. freelj', unrestrainedly Tim. iii. iv. 0.5 can
speaJc h-er ; fully, full- Ham. iii. iii. 81 With all
his crimes h.-hloicii, asfinsh as May ; broad-airake,
wide awake Tit. II. ii. 17 (Ff simply aicahe) ;
hruml-sjir, ndiiKj wide-Spreading R2 in. iv. 50.
broad-fronted: with a broad forehead Ant. i. v. 29.
brock : badger ; used contemptuously as if ' a stink-
ina fellow' Tw.X. ii. v. 115.
brogue ; rude kind of shoe, generally made of un-
tanned hide, worn by the inhabitants of the
wilder parts of Ireland and the Scotch Highlands
Cym. IV. ii. 211 3Iy clouted bror/ucs.
broil : to suft'er great heat H8 iv. i. 50 Where have
i/oii been broiling ?—Amoni/ the croud i'the Abbey ;
to become heated or excited Troil. i. iii. 379* Who
broils in loud applause.
broke: to bargain, traffic All'sW. iii. v. 71.
brokea (the foil, are special uses : 1 cf. south-
midland dial, 'broken-mouthed' -= having lost
teeth ; R.3 ii. ii. 117 Tin brokin rancour of your
hiyh-swoln hcetrts {in> Qq ; Ff h((tes), ' your quarrels
(or spirits) which had risen high and broken out
into rancour ')
1 fragmentary, incomplete ; broken meeds, remains
of food, as eaten by servants Lr. ii. ii. 15 A l-neac,
n rascal, an eater ejf broken nnats ; AH'sW. li. iii.
CO Ml) mouth no more nere brolcen ( = having gaps
in the tcetlr, H5 r. ii. 201: brokin Ene/lish.
2 interrupted AVint. v. ii. 10 brokin diliriri/, H8i.
iv. 61 brokin hanquel, Troil. iv. iv. 48 brokin tears
(i.e. broken with sobs).
rs ruined, bankrupt AYL. ii. i. 57 that poor and
broken bankrupt, R2 il. i. 258 bankrupt, like a
broken )//<(»( (? = outlaw, the regular meaning in
old Scotch law), Cym. v. iv. 19 broken debtors.
4 broken music, music arranged for parts, concerted
music (with a pun) AYL. i. ii. 151, H5 v. ii. 202,
Troil. III. i. 53.
5 broken bosoms, broken hearts Compl. 254.
broker : agent or intermediary (freq. with implied
censure), esp. go-between in love affairs Jolinir.
i. 508 tliat .«(/ devil. That broker, that still breaks
tlie pate of faith, 582, 3H0 iv. i. 03 To play the
broker on mine own behalf ; fig. Ham. I. iii. 127,
Conipl. 173 voirs were ever brokers to dejilini/ ; so
broker-between Troil. in. ii. 211.
broking' pawn : pledge R2 ii. i. 293 Redeem from
broking pann the blemish'd crown.
broocli: in S.'s time used to include any jewel-
ornament, esp. one worn round the neck ; hence
fig. like 'jewel', ' ;;cm ' E2 v. v. 00, Ham. iv. vii.
9:i the brooch indud And i/eni of all tlie nation.
broocli'd : adorned as wilh a jewel Ant. iv. xiii.
[xv.] 25 not flic imperious .show Of the fnll-fortun d
I'll sar ever slinll He hrooch'd with me.
brood : sits on broejd (in earlier English ' abrood '),
sits lirooding like a hen Ham. in. i. 174.
brooded* : having a brood to watch over John in.
iii. 'rl hroodid untchfulday. ^The coiij. 'brood-
eied '=broad-eyed, is plausible: cf Chapman's
' brode-ey'd loue ' (ciipiioTra Z^r, Iliad viii. 200).
brook sb.: flying at the brook, liawking at the river
witli a goshawk for waterfowl (contrast bibding),
the royal sport of falconry 2H0 ii. i. 1.
brook vl). : to endure, tolerate (freq.) ; cf abrook.
broom-grove' : Tp. iv. i. (iO broom-groves, Whose
sliiidiiir till disiiiissid bachelor lores.
broonistaff i lirst in S.) : broom-handle H8 v. iv. 59
//(((/ came to tlie broomstaff to me.
brother (pi. bnthnn, 3 syll. in Tit. I. i. 89, 348, 357):
often used for 'brother-in-law', e.g. Err. ii. ii.
150 ; also ' lialf-brotlier ' R3 v. iii. 90.
brother-love: brotherly affection H8 v. iii. 172.
brow : properly, the arch of hair over the eye 2H0
I. ii. -i Why doth the great ]>ukt Hatnphrty knit his
brows? ; (hence) pi. the prominences of the fore-
head on either side above the eyes LLL. v. ii. .'i93
Helji ! hold Itis brows.', Ca-s.v. iii. 82 ; sing, the fore-
head Ven. 59 she kiss'd his brow ; fig. aspect, ap-
pearance lH4r\'. iii. 83 6^ this face, This seeming
brow of justice, Mac. iv. iii. 23, Ham. i. ii. 4 our
II hole kingdom To be contracted in one brow of woe.
Brownist : adherent of the sect founded in Eliza-
lieth's reign by Robert Brown, an English Puri-
tan Tw.N. III. ii. 30. [lOS.
bruit sb.: rumour, report 3H6 iv. vii. 64, Tim. v. i.
bruit vb. (1 tlie ordinary sense ; 2, 3 only in S.)
1 to noise abroad, report, rumour IHO ii. iii, 08 I
find lliou art no liss than fame hath bruited.
2 to herald with noise Mac. v. vii. 22 By this great
clatter, one of greatest noti Seems bruited.
3 brtiit again, to echo Ham. i. ii. 127.
brush ; forcible rush, hostile encounter Troil. v.
iii. 34 the b-es of the war ; fig. Tim. iv. iii. 205 with
one winter's b.* ; app. associated with ' bruise '
2H0 V. iii. 3 Aged contusions and all b. of time.
bubble: fig. empty, unsubstantial thing AYL. ii.
vii. 152 Silking flu bubble ripntation, All'sAV. III.
vi. 5 (said of a person).
bubukle : mixture of 'bubo ' and ' carbuncle ' H5
in. vi. Ill (Fluellen's speech).
buck : quantity of clothes put tbroush the ' buck '
or lye ; hence, c^uantity waslu.il 2H0 iv. ii. 52 she
washes bucks ; so buck-basket, dirty-linen
basket Wiv. in. iii. 2, &c.: blocking, w-ashing
Wiv. III. iii. 140.
bucket: come off and on .<iwifter than he that gibbets
on the brtirer's bucket 2H4"ni. ii. 280 : allusion of
doubtful meaning.
buckle (lit. sense ' fasten with a buckle ' is freq.;
also in fig. context Troil. n. ii. 30, Mac. v. ii. 15i
1 buckle in, to limit AYL. in. ii. 141 the stretching of
a span Buckles in his sum of age.
2 to join in close combat ivith IHOi. ii. 95 In single
combat thou shalt buckle with me, IV. iv. 5, v. iii.
28 ; also with blows as c4>j. 3H0 i. iv. .50 (Qqj.
3 to bend under stress or pressure 2H4 i. i. 141
whose Jever-weakend joints . . . buckle under life.
buckler sb.: shield; I give thee the bucklers'{ = l
own that you are the better man) Ado v. ii. 17.
U Similar phrases were 'to yield, lay down the
bucklers ' ; the opposite was expressed by ' to
carry away the bucklers '.
buckler vb. (thrice in S., not otherwise common)
1 to .shield, defend Shr. in. ii. 242 /'// buckler thee
against a million, 2H0 in. ii. 210, 3H0 ni. iii. 99
buckler falsi hood with a pedigree.
■2 to catch or ward off (blows) 3H0 i. iv. 50 (Ff).
Bucklersbury : street of London off Cheapside.
inliabited by herbalists Wiv. in. iii. 79 smell like
Bucklersbury in simple-time.
buckratu : coarse linen stiffened with gum or
paste 1H4 n. iv. 217 two rogues in buckram suits ;
attrib. prob. fig. = stiff, starched, stuck-up 2H0
IV. vii. 28 (with quibble : see say).
buck-washing Wiv. iii. iii. 165 : see buck.
bud sb.: used for ingrafting under the bark of a
different stock Wint. n'. iii. [iv.] 95 make conceive
a bark of baser kind By bud of nobler race ; fig.
.Tohn in. iv. 82 now icill canker-sorrow eat my bud
[i.e. Arthur].
bud vb. : fig. to develop Shr. rv. v. 37 budding virgin,
H8 I. i. 94 The .sudden breach , . . is budded out.
bvidge (old edil. also bouge, boudge) : spec, to flinch
Cor. I. vi. 44, C»s. iv. iii. 44 ; hence budger (S.) :
one who flinches Cor. i. viii. 5 the first budger.
BUDGET -
b\xdget : puucli, wallet Wint. iv. ii. 20 {i\ Buiiyd
rliyining with avouch-il).
btiff: stout leather made of ox-hide, used for the
attire of soldiei's, and (in S.) sergeants and bum-
baililVs Err. rv. ii. 3(5, 1H4 r. ii. 48 is not a buff
jirkin a must sived robe of diinntce?
bug : hobgoblin, bogey, imaginary object of terror
Shr. I. ii. 214 ferir boi/s with bu</s. Ham. v. ii. 22
such buf/s and goblins \ fig. 3Hb v. ii. 2, Cyni. v.
iii. 51 the mortal bugs o' the field ; so bugbear
in lit. sense Troil. iv. ii. 34.
bugle: tube-shaped glass bead, commonly black,
used to ornament wearing apparel ; only attrili.
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 224 Bugle-bracelet ; = black
AYL. in. V. 47 bugle cgiballs.
building (2 cf. Err. iii. ii. 4 Shall love, in building,
grow so ruitiousi, Soun. cxix. 11, cxxiv. 5 [mg
deitr love] ivtts builded far from accident)
1 This jewel holds his building ( = keeps its place)
Per. ir. i. 168 (Malone and Steevens biding^).
2 edifice (fig.) Troil. iv. ii. 110 the strong base and
b. of my love. Cor. ir. i. 218 the b-s of mgfancij.
3 build (of a sliip) Sonn. Ixxx. 12 / am a nortiiless
boat, He of tall buddinq.
bulk ' (1 in use 14(30-1720 ; 3 cf. ' the bulke, bellie,
or bodie of a ship ', Cotgr.)
1 trunk, body (of a person) 'B^ii.ixAQ mg pantingh..
Ham. II. i. 95, Lucr. 467 her heart . . . Beating her b.
2 luige body Troil. iv. iv. 128 the great bulk Achilles.
3 hull of a sliip Tw.N. v. i. 59, Troil. i. iii. 37 shallow
bauble boats . . . making their way With those of
nobler bulk, II. iii. 280 (Q and mod. edd. hulks).
bvilk - : framework projectingfrom the front of a
shop Cor. II. i. 229, Otli. v. i. 1 stand behind this b.
Bull : the sign Taurus of the zodiac Tit. rv. iii. 70.
bull-bearing J/Z/o: a celebrated athlete of Crotona,
Italy, said to have carried a four-year-old bullock
on his shoulders for forty yards Troil. ii. iii. 261.
bull-beef: flesh of bulls 1H6 i. ii. 9 their fat bull-
beeves. ^ In 16th-17tli cent. ' bull-beef was an
abusive term for a big blustering fellow.
bully : familiar endearing term = fine fellow ; often
prefixed to a proper name or a designation=gal-
lant Tp. V. i. 258 bully-mnnster, Wiv. i. iii. 6, &c.,
II. iii. 18 bully doctor, MNU. iv. ii. 20 sweet hnllg
Bottom .'. H5 IV. i. 48 the lovely bully ; so bully-
rook Wiv. I. iii. 2, &c. (not pre-S.; a common
17tli cent, form was 'bully-rock').
bum-baily : sheriff's officer Tw.N. iii. iv. 197 (some
mud. edd. bum-bailiff, but -baily is the regular
midland form to this day).
bunch-back'd : hunip-backod R3 i. iii. 246 this
jinis'nnus bunch-back'd toad.
bung : ]iickpocket 2H4 ii. iv. 136 you filthy bung.
buoy ((/) (not pre-EIiz.) : to ri.se up Lr. iii. vii. (io.
burden, burthen (old edd. chiefly burthen ; in
several passaaos there is a play between the
sense of ' load " and sense 2 or 3, e.g. Gent. i. ii.
82, R3 IV. iv. 168)
1 freight, carrying capacity of a ship All'sW. ii.
iii. 215 a vessel of too gnat a burden ; frcq. Troil.
I. iii. 71 matter needless, of importless burden.
2 birth (abstract and concrete) Err. i. i. 55, v. i. 345
lore thee at ft burden tiro fair sons, Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 266, John iii. i. 90 Pray that their burdens
naiy not fall this day, Sonn. lix. 4.
3 bass or undersong AYL. iii. ii. 263 / would sing
my song without a b.\ fig. Shr. i. ii. 68; refrain
Tp. I. ii. 380 And, sweet sprites, the b. bear, Wint.
IV. iii. [iv.] 195 .si(e/( . . . b-s of dildos.
burden'd: burdensome R3 iv. iv. Ill mg b. yoke.
burdenoiis: oppressive K2 ii. i. 261 b. taxations.
b\irden-wise: a?, a liurden or undersong Lu'-r. 1 133.
burgher: citizen of a borough Meas. i. ii, 108.
25 —BUT
burgomaster: magistrate corresponding to an
alderman 1H4 ii. i. 84 b-s and great oneyirs.
burgonet : light casque or steel cap 2H6 v. i. 200 ;
fig. Ant. I. V. 24 The demi-Atlas of this earth, the
arm And b. of men (Fi burganet).
Burgundy : old edd. also Burgonie, -ony, -uny (H5
V. ii. 68, Lr. i. i. 250), Burgu{i)gne (H5 v. ii. 7).
burial: lias tlie orig. sense of ' burying-place,
grave' (like the older 'buriels', Anglo-Haxon
' byrgels ') in Mer.V. i. i. 29 (fig. of a ship).
burly-boned (common about 1590) : 2H6 iv. x. 60.
burn (the ordinary physical senses are freq.)
1 burn daylight, burn candles in daytime, (hence)
waste time Wiv. ii. i. 54, Rom. l. iv. 43 ; so Ant.
rv. ii. 41 To burn this night with torches.
to make (drink) hot Wiv. ii. i. 222 burnt sack,
Tw.N. II. iii. 209 I'll go burn some sack.
3 intr. and refl. to be on fire, wax hot, glow, con-
sume oneself with love, &c. Gent. ii. v. 56 b. him-
self in love, John iv. ii. 103 b. in indignation, 2H6
v.i. 160, 3H6 1, i. 60, Lr. iv. vi. 41 B. itself out,\iin.
49 He b-s with bashful shame, 50, 810, Compl. 304.
burnish'd: made bright as if by ft-iction Yen. 858
burnish' dejold ; bright like polished metal Mer.V.
II. i. 2 the burnish'd sun.
burr: rough seed-vessel or flower-head of a plant,
esp. the burdock ; (hence) something that clings
like a burr and is difficult to get rid of Meas. iv.
iii. 193 1 am a kind of burr; I shall stick, MND.
III. ii. 260 Hang off, thou cat, thou burr.'
biirthen, &c.: see ijurden.
Burton-heath: supposed to be Bartou-ou-tlic-
heath, in Warwickshire, the liome of one of S.'s
aunts Shr. Ind. ii. 19.
bury : often in fig. use (not pre-S.), to consign to
oblivion, put out of sight, conceal 3H6 iv. i. 55 in
your bride you bury brotherhood, Cxs. ii. i. Ii faces
buried in their cloaks, iv. iii. 158 In this [bowl of
wine] I bury all unkindness.
bush : bush of ivy hung out as a vintner's sign
AY^L. Epil. 4 good wine needs no bush (cf. line 6).
buskin'd (first in S.) : shod with buskins or half-
boots MND. II. i. 71 i'oiir buskin'd mistress.
busky : bosky, bushy 1H4 v. i. 2 you busky hill.
buss sb. and vb. : kiss John in. iv. 35, 2H4 ii. iv. 2'.il ;
fig. Tr^il. IV. V. 219 Yondtoinrs, whose icanton tops
do buss the clouds, Cor. in. ii. 75 Thy knee bussing
the stones.
busyless t : Theobald's emendation of Fi busie lest
in Tp. III. i. 15 ; others read with Singer busiestf.
but (the foil, uses are now obs. or archaic)
1 after negative sentences containing a comparison :
= than MND. I. ii. 84 they would have no more
discretion but to hang tis, Tw.N. I. iv. 13 Thou,
know'st no less but all.
2 =only Tp. l. ii. 169 Would I might But ever see that
num.'. Err. iv. i. 33 he . . . stays but for it, 0th. iv.
i. 88 / saij, but mark his ijestare ; used redun-
dantly with only, 2H4 l. i. 192, 3H6 IV. ii. 25,
Mac. V. vii. 69 [viii. 40].
3 but now, just now, only this moment Mer.V. in.
ii. 170 even now, but non',\en. 497 Bat now I liv'd ;
so Tp. iii. ii. 130 but while-ere. Yen. 1026 but late.
4 = anything but, othenvisc than Tp. i. ii. 119 /
should sin To think but nobly of my grandmother ;
so after cannot MND. ill. ii. 56 It cannot be but
thou hast nmrder'd him.
5 = if . . . not, unless, except MND. iii. ii. 150
Can you not hate me, . . . But yon must join in
souls to mock me too?, Cym. v. v. 41 And, but she
spoke it dying, I would not Believe her lips ; Tp. l.
ii. 91 but by being so retir'd. Ant. iv. x. 10 [xi. 1]
But being charg'd (-■ if we are not ( haiged) :
1 Gent. I. i. 86 it shall go hard but I'll prove it,
BUTCHER
Mfi-.V. II. vi. b2 Bexlircw hit, hut I lore her liectr/ilij ;
similiirly hut that Tp. i. ii. 4.
6 ~ who, which, or that . . . not (fieq.) 1H6 i. ii. 5
What towns of any vioxtent hut we have ?, K3 j. in.
186 No man hut prophesied revewjefor it.
7 = that . . . not, esp. after verbs of thinking,
(loubtina, &c. Tp. iii. i. 44, MND. in. ii. 298 (hut
that), 1H4 IV. iii. 38, 0th. iii. iii. 225.
8 =tliat, after negatived verb of denying Ado i.
iii. 33, All'sW. v. iii. 168.
butcher: man of Moo i, brutal murderer AYL. iii.
V. Ii tijnoifs, h-s, iiiiinhrers, John iv. ii. 269 h. of
,n> n,',ii,r, nl ehihl. R3 V. iv. 39 [v. 26] b. to the sire.
■butcherly : murderous 3H6 ii. v. 89 how fell, how b.
toiitcher-sire : murderous father Ven. 766.
hutt ' : cask for wine or ale containing two hogs-
licads Tp. II. ii. 130 ; fig. Troil. v. i. 32*. ^ In Tp.
I. ii. 146 (if doubtful meaning (mod. edd. boati).
butt = : mark for archery practice, properly a mound
or other erection on which the target is set up
H5 I. ii. 186 To which is fixed, as an aim or butt.
Obedience, 3H6 l. iv. 29 1 am your butt, and J abide
your shot ; (hence) goal, object Otli. v. ii. 266 my
jiiunii !i's t lid . . . nil/ butt. See also butt-shaft.
butt-' : laiUiiig iif a iKjrned animal Shr. v. ii. 41.
butt-end: iii;. tlie concluding part, fag-end K3 ii.
ii. 110 the hiitt-uid of a mutlur's blessiny.
butterfly: vain, gauilily attired person (e.g. one
who (hitters about a cciurt) Lr. v. iii. 13 we'll . . .
I, null, At ijihhd hiifln-Jlus.
buttery: ori^;. stnie-iciom for liquor, later for
piiivisions generally Shr. Ind. i. 102; buttery-
bar, ledge on the top of the buttery hatch or lialf-
door, to rest tankards on Tw.N. i. iii. 75 briny
your hand to the butlery-har and let it drink.
button (1 the origin of the phrases is doubtful)
1 'lis III his buttons, he has fortune at his command,
is sure to succeed Wiv. iii. ii. 74; butcher of a
silk button, expert fencer Bom. n. iv. 25.
2 knob on the top of a cap Ham. ii. ii. 237 On For-
tune's cap tee are not the very button.
3 bud Ham I. iii. 40 before their buttons be disclos'd.
button-hole : take (a person) a button-hole lower,
liumiliate, take down a peg LLL. v. ii. 7u5.
butt-shaft: unbarbed arrow used in shooting at
the butts ; aiiiilieil tci Cupid's dart LLL. I. ii. 184,
Iiom. H. iv. 17 //)(; blind hoiv-hoy's bntt-sliaft.
buxom (twice in R.) : lively, brisk H5 m. vi. 27 of b.
iiiloiir, Per. i. Gower 23 h., blithe, and full of face.
buy (sense 2 (i) is obs.)
1 hill/ mill Sill, barter, traffic with, in a ba'l sense
118 1, i. l'.)2 lliiis h. inidsill his honour ; so hnui/ht and
sold, betrayed Err. iii. i. 72, John v. iv. 10, R3 v.
iii. 306 bie'Uon thy master is bouijht and sold.
2 buy out, (i) ransom, redeem EiT. I. ii. 5 not bciny
able to buy out his life ; (ii) get rid of by a money
payment John in. i. 164 the curse that money may
buy out, 1H4 IV. ii. 24 houyht out their services
( = paid money to be release<l from service in the
army). Ham. in. iii. CO Jiiiys oitt the law.
buzz sb.: baseless rumoiu-Lr. i. iv. SbOEuch b., each
fancy ; so buzzing' H8 II. i. 148, and buzzer,
one who whispers talcs in the ear Ham. iv. v. 90
buzzers to infect his ear With pestilent speeches.
buzz : exclamation of impatience or contempt when
a ]ierson tells a well-known i)iece of news Ham.
II. ii. 421 ; ? also in Shr. ii. i. 207 (Ff should be,
should: huzze).
buzzard' : inlirior kind of hawk, useless for fal-
conry Shr. n. i. 208 sloir-irinf/'d turtle! shall a
hiizs'iird laki Ihir '! , h'3 i. i. 133. Tj The derived fig.
sense uf ' .simpleton ' is supposed by some to be
re|iiesciitcd in Shr. II. i. 207: but cf. next word.
buzzard-^ : hwLuws insect (?) Shr. ii. i. 207, 209.
26 — CA.I.I.
by prep, (the following uses are now obs.)
1 about, concerning Ado v. i. 316 virtuous In any-
thin;/ that Ida know by her, 2H6 ii. i. 16, Otli. i. iii.
17 Jliiir siiy you by tliis chanye ?
2 by reason ot 3H6 iv. iv. 12 Fell Warwick's brother,
and by that our foe.
by- in comb.: by-dcpendances, additional or secon-
dai-y circumstances Cym. v. v. 391, by-drinkinys,
drinking at odd times 1H4 in. iii. 84, by-peepiiiy,
looking aside Cym. i. vi. 108, hy-room (first in S.),
side or private room 1H4 ii. iv. 32.
by'r lady (old edd. by'r Lady, hirladie, byrlady, ber
Lady, herlady) : by our Lady (freq.).
cabin sb. (1 in use 1400-1650 ; 2 was common Eliz.)
1 temporary shelter of slight materials Tw.N. i. v.
289 a willow cabin, Pilgr. xiv. 3 [183].
2 den of a wild beast Ven. 637 let him [i. e. the boar]
keep his loathsome cabin; cave, (hence) ajiplied
to the eye-socket Ven. 1038.
cabin vb. (1 cf. 2 of prec. ; 2 echoed by mod. writers)
1 to lodge Tit. iv. ii. 181 And cabin in a cave.
2 to shut up within narrow bounds Mac. in. iv. 24
cahin'd, cribb'd, confin'd.
cabinet (1 common term in military writers of the
Kith cent.; 2 cf. cabin sb. 2)
1 tent Lucr. 442 They, musteriny to the quiet cabinet
[i. e. the lieart].
2 bird's nest Ven. 864 From his [i.e. the lark's]
moist cabinet.
cable : yivt him cable, allow him scope 0th. i. ii. 17.
cacodemon : evil spirit R3 i. iii. 144.
caddis : short for ' caddis ribbon ', worsted tape or
binding used for garters. &c. Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
208 ; so caddis-garter 1 H4 n. iv. 80.
cade: barrel ol ."lOO heiiin^s 2H6 iv. ii. 36.
cadent : falling Lr. i. iv. 309 cadent tears.
Cadmus: founder of Thebes MND. iv. i. 118.
caduceus: wand, having two serpents twined
lound it, fabled to have been carried by Hermes
(Mercury), the messenger of the gods Troil. ii. iii.
13 the sirpintine craft of thy caditrrus.
Caesar: absolute ruler, Vnij'u'Vnr (first in S.) 3H6
in. i. 18 iXo hi-nilimi him mil mil II,,, Cisitr now,
K3 IV. iv. 337 sul, ri,-h;sx, Cisur's Ci s,ir. [ii. .V.).
cage : prise m for petty malefactors, lock-up 2H6 iv.
caged : closed like a cage (S.) Compl. 249.
Cain-coloured: of the reputed colour of Cain's
liair, i.e. 'red' Wiv. i. iv. 23* a C. beard (Ff Q3
Cain(c, Qqi2 kane, some mod. edd. cane-).
caitifF= wretch (2 tliriee as freq. as 1)
1 expressing pity 0th. iv. i. 109 Alas ! poor caitiff!
2 expressing contempt Meas. 11. i. 187 thou c!
thou varlet! ; also attrib. E2 i. ii. 63 A c. recreant.
cake : (one's) cake is donyh, one's pi-oject lias failed
Slir. I. i. 109, V. i. 146.
calendar (1 not post-S. ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 guide, directory Ham. v. ii. 115 he is the card or
calendar of yentry (' the general preceptor of ele-
gance ', Johnson).
2 record AU'sW. l. iii. 5 the c. (jf my past endiavours.
calf: term of endearment Wiiit. i. ii. 128 .1)/ thou
my calf? ; stupid fellow, dolt Ham. in. ii. 112.
caliver: light kind of musket or harquebus, in-
tidduced during the Kith cent., which seems to
Jiave been the lightest portable fire-arm. except-
ing the pistol, and to liave been fired without a
' rest ' 1H4 iv. ii. 21, 2H4 in. ii. 292, 29,'-).
call sli.: decoy-bird John in. iv. 174 they would he
as a call To train ten thousand F.nylish to thiir side.
call vli. (1 only S.; 2 a few uses only are given here)
1 ='call upon,' to visit (a jKison) at his house
CAI.I.ET —
Meas. IV. iv. 18 I'll call you at your house, Tw.X.
III. ii. 58 We'll call thee at the cttbiculo.
2 witli preps, and advs. : call back, (i) to summon
to return (^ent. i. ii. 49 ; (ii) to revoke H8 ii. iv.
232 to call back Iter appeal ; (iii) to recall to memory
Sonn. iii. 10 she in thee Calls back the lovely April
of her prime \ call in, to withdraw from action
2H4 IV. iii. 28 Call in Ihcponers : call on or upon,
(i) to make a claim upon (a person) for pajTiient
1H4 V. i. 130, Tim. ii. ii. 22 3ty master is aiiak'd by
great occasion To call upon his own ; (ii) to impeach,
"challenge Ant. I. iv. 28* ; or ? = (i).
callet, -at, -ot : lewd woman, trull 0th. iv. ii. 121 ;
? = scold Wint. II. iii. 90 A callet 0/bottndltss tonyiie.
callings (late instance of the sense) : name, appel-
lation AYR. I. ii. 250 / am more proud to be Sir
lioukDuVs son, . . . and would not change that c.
calm sb.: confused-vvith qualm 2H4 ii. iv. 39-41.
calm vb. (rare outside S.): to becalm (a ship) 2Ht) rv.
ix. 33 (F4 c((lm'd, Fi calme, F., claiiiid, Y^claiin'd) ;
0th. I. i. 30 be-lee'd and calm'd (? for ' becalm'd ').
Calydon : the prince of Cahjdon (2H6 i. i. 230) =
Meleager (son of ffineus of Calydon and Althwa),
wliom the Fates decreed to die when a certain
log on the hearth was burnt.
Cambyses: 1H4 11. iv. 430 in King Cambyses' rein,
in the ranting style of ' King Cambyses, a lament-
able Tragedy, mixed ful of pleasant mirth ' by
Tlionias Preston, 1569-70.
camel : great awkward hulking fellow Troil. i. ii.
209, ir. i. 59 do, rudeness ; do, camel ; do, do.
Camelot: Lr. 11. ii. 89 Goose . . . I'd driie ye cackling
home to Camelot* ; not yet satisfactorily cx-
I'lained : see the commentators.
camlet: a fabric which has varied considerably
in material ; in 16th and ITth cent, made of the
hair of the Angora goat H8 v. iv. 95 (Fi chambld).
camp vb.: to serve as a lodging for Ant. iv. viii. 33
Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host.
can vb.' (i instances with apparent pronominal
object, as all I can, such as I can, I ctot )io more,
are probably to be regarded as due to ellipsis ol
the infinitive 'do')
1 trans, to know, he skilled in Phan. 14 the priest
in surplice white That defunctiie music can.
2 intr. to be skilled Ham. iv. vii. 84 they can well on
horseback (Ft ran).
can vb.2 : altered form of ' gan ', past tense of ' gin '
= to begin, used for 'did' LLL. iv. iii. 100 the wind
. . . can passage find. Per. ill. Gower 36 And enry
one with claps can sound.
canakin : small can or drinking-vessel 0th. 11. iii.
72 let me the cnnaki)i clink, clink.
canary sb. (1 the idea of the dance is said to have
lieen borrowed fi'oiu the Canary Islands)
1 lively Spanish dance All'sW. 11. i. 77.
2 light sweet wine from the Canary Islands AViv.
III. ii. 92, Tw.N. i. iii. 88, 2H4 11. iv. 29.
canary vb.: to dance a 'canary' LLL. iii. i. 13
ciinary to it with your feet.
cancel: c. off (Ft), strike off, annul Per. i. i. 113
We might proceed to c. off your days (Qq counsel
of, JIalone cancel off, taking c. as sb.; but the sb.
is not recorded in this sense till the 19th cent.).
Cancer: the fourth of the signs of the zodiac, whicli
the sun enters at the summer solstice, June 21
Troil. 11. iii. 208 add more coals to Cancer.
candidatns: candidate for office in Rome (proper-
ly = one clothed in white) Tit. i. i. 185 lie ciindi-
datus then, and put it on [viz. This palliament of
wliite and spotless Inie, line 182].
ca.ndied (2 not common outside S.)
i crystallized with frost Tim. iv. iii. 227 the cold
bruok, C. (i.ilh tct ; (hence) congealed Tp. 11. i. 267".
27 -CAP
2 sugared, honied Ham. iii. ii. 65 the candied ionrjue.
candle (3 of. candle-holder)
1 applied to the heavenly luminaries Rom. iii. v. 9
Sight's candles are burnt out, Mac. 11. i. 5.
2 applied to the 'light' of life 3H6 11. vi. 1 Here
burns my c. out, Mac. v. v. 23 Out, out, briif c. !
3 hold a candle to, assist at Mer.V. 11. vi. 41.
candle-case: case to keep candles in Shr. 111. ii. 47.
candle-holder: one who lights others at their
Work ; (heuce) a mere looker-on Kom. i. iv. 38 /'//
be a candle-holdir, and look on.
candle-mine : magazine of tallow 2H4 11. iv. 328.
candle-waster : one who wastes candles by late
stuly, buokwunu Ado v. i. 18.
candy t : use^l as adj. =sugared 1H4 1. iii. 251 candy
deal of courtesy : see caudie.
cane-coloured (?) : see Cain-coloured.
canker (1 fig. ? sometimes to be referred to 2)
1 eating, spreading sore or ulcer, usu. fig. John v.
ii. 14 the inveterate canker of one wound, 2H6 i. ii.
18 the canker of ambitious thoughts, Tim. iv. iii. 49.
2 ' worm ' that destroys buds and leaves, also fig.
(freq.) Gent. i. i. 43, MND. 11. ii. 3, Rom. 11. iii. 30,
Ham. I. iii. 39 The cankir galls the infants of the
spring, v. ii. 09 tins cankir of our nature, Sonn.
XXXV. 4 ; hence canker-bit, worm-eaten Lr. v.
iii. 124, canker-sorrow John m. iv. 82.
3 dog-rose Ado i. iii. 28 / had ratliir be a canker in
a hedge than a rose in his grace, 1H4 i. iii. 176 ; hence
canker-bloom Sonn. liv. 5.
canker-blossom : worm that ' cankers ' the blos-
som [of love] MND. III. ii. 282.
cankered (2 and 3 very freq. in the 16th cent.)
1 rusted, corroded, tarnislied 2H4 iv. v. 70 The
canker'd heaps of strange-achieved gold.
2 infected with evil, corrupt Cor. iv. v. 97 I'll fight
against my canker'd country.
3 malignant John 11. i. 194, 1H4 i. iii. 137, Rom. i.
i. 101 your canker'd hate.
Cannibals: error for 'Hannibals' 2H4 ii. iv. 179.
canon: properly, lawor decree of the Church ; the
oiHOit = canon law All'sW. i. i. 160 self-love, which
is the most inliibited sin in the canon ; (hence) law
or rule in general LLL. i. i. 260, Ham. i. ii. 132
fij'd His canon 'gainst self-slaughter.
cano nize : to place in the canon of saints John in.
I. 177, 2H0 I. iii. 63 : fig. to enrol among famous
persons Troil. 11. ii. 202 Anilfaiiu: in time to come
canonize us.
cano'niz'd: buried according to tlie Church's rule
Ham. 1. iv. 47 thy canoniz'd bones, hearsed in death.
canopy : S. is earliest for the application of the sb.
to ' the firmament ' Cor. rv'. v. 41, Ham. 11. ii. 318,
and for the use of canopy vb. Sonn. xii. 6, and
canopied Cjtii. ii. ii. 21, Lucr. 398.
canstick : candlestick 1H4 in. i. 130 a brazen c.
cantherizing' : see cauterizixg.
cantle : part, lit. corner-piece 1H4 iii. i. 101 (Qq
sainlh) ; segment of a sphere Ant. lu. viii. 10 [x.
0] The greater cantle of the world.
canton: "song Tw.N. i. v. 291 Write loyal cantons.
canvas-climber : sailor that goes aloft to trim
sails Per. iv. i. 01 washes off A canvas-climber.
canvass : to toss in a canvas sheet as a sport or
punishment, (hence) to deal with severely 2H4
II. iv. 242, 1H6 I. iii. 36.
canzonet : short song LLL. iv. ii. 125.
cap [■-, probably with allusion to the fool's cap)
1 phrases with ref. to : (i) throwing the cap into
the air in token of joy R3 in. vii. 35 hurl'd up
their c-s. Cor. 11. i. 117 Take my c, Jupiter, Ham.
IV. V. 107 C-s, hands, and tongues applaud it.
(ii) wearing trinkets or favours in the hat 2H4
I. ii. 17 IhoH art filler to be worn in my cap [\. e.
CAPABLB
28
-CARSUUS BENEDICTUS
because of his smalluess] ; fig. All'sW. ii. i. 54
tiny wear thtmsehes in the cap of the time ( = are an
ornament to it), Ham. iv. vii. 77 A very rihnnd
in the cap of youth.
(iii) doffing tlie cap as a mark of courtesy or ser-
vility 1H4 IV. iii. 68, 2H4 ll. ii. 127 as reudy as a
horrower's cap. Cor. ii. i. 78 nmbdious for poor
knaves' c-s and leys, Tim. lii. vi. 108, Cym. in. iii. 25.
(iv) throw their c-s at, give up for lost Tim. ni. iv. 102.
2 cardinal's biretta 1H6 v. i. 33 He'll make his cap
co-equal with the crown, H8 in. ii. 283.
3 top, bead, chief Tim. iv. iii. 365 the cap of all the
fnols alite ; cf. Ham. u. ii. 237.
capable (1 and 2 now obs. ; 3 arcliaic, the most freq.
iu S.; 4 and 5 (obs. legal) recorded first from S.)
1 able to take in much, comprehensive 0th. ui. iii.
460 a capable and wide revenge.
2 sensible, impressible AYL. in. v. 23 The . , . cap-
able im2)ressure Thy pahn some moments keeps,
Ham. III. iv. 126 Would make tliem [i.e. stones\c.
3 capable of, apt to be affected by or receive the im-
pression of, open or susceptible to Tp. i. ii. 353
Beniy capable of all ill, All'sW. I. i. 107, 227, Wint.
IV. iii. [iv.] 793 capable of things serious, John in.
i. 12 capable of fears, 2H4 I. "i. 172, H8 v. iii. 11
capable Of our flesh (= susceptible of being in-
fluenced by our fleshly nature). Ham. in. ii. 13.
4 having intelligence or ability, gifted E3in. i. 155
ingenious, forward, capable, Troil. m. iii. '3V6 his
horse . . . tlie more capable creature.
5 capable of, qualified to hold or possess Lr. n. i. 87.
capacity (2 the general sense ' ability' is freq.)
1 ))Ower of receiving orcontainingTw.X.i. i. 10/////
c. Receivelh asthe sea, H8 n. iii. 31, Ant. iv. viii. 32.
2 to my capaciti), as far as I am able to understand
MNU. V. i. 10.5.
cap-a-pe : from head to foot Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 764,
Ham. I. ii. 200.
Capet ^ Hush Capet, the first French king of the
CapL-tian dynasty (a.d. 987-996) H5 i. ii. 78.
capital (' punisliable by death ' the most freq. use)
1 chief, principal 1H4 ni. ii. 110 military title capital,
H5 V. ii. 96 She is our capital demand.
2 deadly, fatal Cor. v. iii. 104.
Capitol : the great national temple of Rome, de-
ilicated to Jupiter Optimus Maximus, on the
.Saturnian or Tarpcian (afterwards Capitoline)
Hill Cor. I. i. 50, &c., Cses. l. i. 67, &c.
capitulate : to draw up ai-ticles of agreement,
propose terms 1H4 in. li. 120, Cor. v.iii. 82.
capon (in AYL. n. vii. ITA the justice. In fair round
In II y irifh good capon lin'd, there is a ref. to the
•capon justices', as they were called, i.e. corrupt
magistrates vho wore bribed by gifts of capons)
1 like Fr. 'pou1ct'=liJve-letter LLL. iv. i. 56.
2 as a type of dullness Err. in. i. 32, Cym. li. i, 26.
capriccio (Fi Cnprirlno) : caprice All'sW. ii. iii. 310.
capriciotis : chaj'acterized by play of wit or fancy,
laiitastic, 'conceited' AYL. in. iii. 8 the most
liiprii ions poet, honest Ovid (with allusion to the
Latin 'capra' goat, whence 'capricious').
captain sb. (the ordinary military senses are freq.;
three syllables in .3H6 rv. vii. 30, Mac. i. ii. 34)
1 chief, head (fig. from military senses) R2 iv. i. 99
Ins c. Christ. Lucr. 271 Affection is my c, and he
li'uhth : Rom. n. iv. 21 the . . . c. of compliments ;
used of women 3H6 n. vi. 75, 0th.' n. i. 74.
2 subordinate officer (fig.) R2 iv. i. 126 the fgurc of
(li)d's majesty. His c, sli iiard, R3 v. iii. 109. [ii. 7(1
3 (aiuiliar term of address Wint. i. ii. 123, Tim. n.
captain adj.: chief, princij)al Sonn. lii. 8.
captain- general : commander-in-chief Troil. iii.
lii. L'NJ.
captious: capacious (fj.i AU'sW. i. iii. 210.
captivate vb.: to take prisoner, make captive LLL.
in. i. 131 ; fig. to subjugate, subdue 3H6 1. iv. 115 ;
to fascinate, charm Ven. 281.
captivate ppje.: made prisoner, captured lH6n.
lii. 42, V. iii. 107 women have been c. ere note.
captive adj. and sb.: often used in the sense of
' (one) vanquished ' LLL. iv. i. 76, Troil. v. iii. 40.
captiv'd : taken captive H5 ii. iv. 55.
car : the chariot of the sun-god (freq.) MND. i. ii.
38. "^ With Tw.N. n. v. 72 Though our sihnce be
drawn from us with cars, which has given rise to
many conj.: cf. Gent. in. i. 266 Yet I am in lot: ;
hut a ten III of horse shall not pluck that from me.
carack, caract : see carkack, chakact.
carat (2 is confu.sed with charact)
1 measure of weight used for gold Err. iv. i. 28 How
much your chain weighs to theutmost c. (Fi charect).
2 proportional measure of ^th used in stating the
fineness of gold 2H4lv. v. 160 Other [gold], less fine
in carat (Ffi2 3 Charract, F4 Carracl, Q karrat).
caraway : sweetmeat containing caraway-seeds,
caraway comfit 2H4 v. iii. 3 a dish <if laramajs.
carbonado sb.: meat scored across' and broiled
1H4 V. iii. 61, Cor. iv. v. 199 scotched him and
notcliid him like a carbonado.
carbonado vb.: to make a carbonado of Wint. iv,
iii. [iv.] 207 toads carbovadixd ; (hence) to cut,
hack, slash All'sW. iv. v. 108 your carbonadoed
face, Lr. ir. ii. 42 I'll so carbonado your shanks.
cairbuncled : adorned with carbuncles (red or fiei-j-
precious stones) Ant. r\'. viii. 28 carbuncled Lil;e
holy Fhnbus' car (cf. Cym. v. v. 190 had it been a
carbuncle Of I'liabus' wheel).
carcanet : collar or necklace of gold or set with
jewels Err. ni. i.4 (Fi -kanet), Sonn. lii. 8 ((J -com /i.
card sb. d always in fig. phrases ; 2 cf. ' That law
... is the card to guide the world by ', Hookeri
1 playing-card John v. ii. 105 the best cards for the
game. Tit. V. i. 100 As sure a card as ever won the
set ; — card of ten, card with ten pips, hence phr.
fac'd it with a card of ten, put on a bold front
Shr. II. i. 399 (cf. the use of ' facing-card ' in the
17th cent. = imposing allegation or argument);
— cooling ceird, app. term 01 some lost card-game,
used fig. =somefhing that cools one's ardour 1H6
v. iii. 84 ; — Pack'd cards with, made a fraudulent
arrangement with Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 19.
2 card on which the 32 points are marked in the
manner's conqiass 'Mac. i. iii. 17 All the ejtuirters
that tliey limn- V the sliijiinan's card; fig. guide,
directory Ham. v. ii. 11.5 the card or calenelar of
gentry ; speak by tiiecard, to be exact to a point,
express oneself with nicety Ham. v. i. 148.
card vb.: to mix with sometliiiig base lH4lir. ii. 62
he. . .crirdtd his s/ali, Mimpnl his royally with
capering fools. "^ The word was in use from 1590
to lii35 for mixing difi'ercnt kinds of drink.
cardecu [Fr. ' quart d'i'cu ' (juarter of a crown] :
old French silver coin eij^uivalent to about eigli-
tcen pence All'sW. IV. iii. 314, v. ii. .35.
carder : one "who ' cards ' wool, i.e. combs out its
impurities H8 r. ii. 33.
cardinal rirtuis: tlie four ' natural " virtues.justice,
piudence, teniircraiHc. foi'titude, to which some
aild the three ' tbenlogical ' virtues, faith, hope,
and charity, making in all seven H8 in i. 103 /
thought ye . . . tiro rrrercnel c. virtues ; But c. sins
. . . i fear ye (with pun on the title of ' cardinal ').
cardirally: luimoi-ous perversion of 'carnally'
Meas. II. i. S2 a inmiaii nirdinally giioi.
card-maker : maki r uf ' cards ' for combing woo!
Shr. liul. ii. 20.
Cardiius Benedictus : the Blessed Thistle, noted
tor its medicinal properties Ado in. iv. 72.
CABE-
care occurs in various proverbs and phrases : care
kilhd a cat Ado v. i. 136 ; past curt . . . past care
LLL. V. ii. 28, Sonn. cxivii. 9 \—haie ia) care, be
attentive, pay attention, take care Tp. i. i. 10,
Wiv. IV. V. 77, Ado i. ii. 30, iii. iii. 43, MND. xv. i.
15 ; Tw.N. III. iv. 70, Per. iv. i. 49 \—ktep or make
a care of, care tor Tp. ii. i. 311, Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 367."
career (old edd. also careire, car(r)ier, carre(r{,i)
1 sliort gallop at full speed Wiv. i. i. 185' and so
conclusions passed the c-s (referred by some to 2),
Ado V. i. 138 I shall mid your irit in the c.
2 ' tlie short turning of a nimble horse, now tliis
way, now that way ' (.Baret) ; transf. frisk, gam-
bol H5 II. i. 133 Jte passes some humours and c-s.
3 running, course ; esp. tig. rapid ami continuous
course of action^Ado li. iii. 262' aire a man from
the c. of his humour, LLL. v. ii. 483 Full iiietTili/
Hath . . . this c. been run, Wint. i. ii. 286 stopping
the c. Ofluuijhttr, R2 i. ii. 49, H5 in. iii. 23.
careful : out of 25 instances, four, or at most five,
liave the sense 'full of care or anxiety " Err. v. i.
299, Ii2 11. ii. 75 careful business, H5 iv. i. 251 oar
careful nives, R3 l. iii. 83 him thatrais'dme to this
careful lui(/ht ; Tw.X. rv. ii. 11 a careful man
(? = careworn from much study).
careless it he sense ' heedless ' is the most freq.)
1 free fnnu care or anxiety Wiv. v. v. 58 Ship she
as situiid as careless infancij, Troil. v. v. 40, Ham.
IV. vii. 79.
2 uncared-for Mac. i. iv. 11 a careless trifie ; All's W.
II. iii. 170 the careless lapse Of yenith and iynorance
(? read, with Dycc, curelessi; cf. Mer.V. iv. i. 142).
care-tun'd : tuned to the key of sorrow R2 ui. ii.
92 iinj carc-tun'd tunijue.
carl : countryman, peasant, churl Cym. v. ii. 4 ; so
carlot aYL. hi. v. 108.
carnation' : flesh-colour H5 n. iii. 35 A' could never
abide carnation ; attrib. LLL. in. i. 153 carnation
riband. % By association with the next word tlie
meaning has passed into 'carnation-coloured'.
carnation- : any cultivated variety of the clove-
pink, Dianthus caryoidiyllus Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
82. % An earlier form was ' coronation '.
carol : (1) song AYL. v. iii. 28 ; (2) song of religious
joy MND. 11. i. 102 with hymn or carol blest.
carouse sb.: cupful of liquor drunk 'all out ' [Ger-
man ' gar aus "], full bumper, toast Shr. i. ii. 280,
Ant. IV. viii. 34 ; so carouse vb. (freq.).
carpet: on carpet consideration, as a mere carpet-
knight, whose achievements belong to the lady's
boudoir or the drawing-room Tw.X. ni. iv. 261 ;
so carpet-mong'er Ado v. ii. 33.
car(r)ack : large ship of burden, such as those
formerly used by the Portuguese in trading with
the East Indies Err. ni. ii. 141 armadoes of c-s,
(Ff carracts, -ects), Otli. i. ii. 50 a land cnrack
(Qi carrick, Ff 2 3 4 carrac, Fi carraci, Q 2 ~ cnrrinct).
carriag'e (5 and 6 not always distiuguisliable)
1 act ofcari-ying, being canied, conveyance Cym.
HI. iv. 190 suspiclnl of I'onr c. from the court.
2 power of, or capacity for, cairyiug (with quiljble
on sense 5 or 6) LLL. i. ii. 76, Rom. 1. iv. 95.
3 execution, conduct, management Wint. in. i. 17,
Troil. II. iii. 141 The . . . whole c. of this action.
4 manner of carrying one's body, bodily deport-
ment 1H4 II. iv. 472 a cheerful look . . a most noble c.
5 demeanour, behaviour Eit. hi. ii. 14 Teach sin the
carriaije of a holy saint, LLL. V. ii. 307 And their
rouijh carriaye so ridiculous.
6 moral conduct LLL. i. ii. 74 (see 2), Tim. in. ii. 89
/(',s- . . . illustrious virtue, And honourable carriaye.
7 burden, load Tp. v. i. 3 (hue Goes upriyht with his
carriaye, AViv. 11. ii. 183 easuiy me of the carriaye.
29 -CASE
8 import, bearing Ham. l. i. "ii carriaye of the article.
9 vehicle John v. vii. 90; = gun-carriage H5 iii.
Chor. 26 ; fig. Compl. 22 her lieell'd eyes their c. ndi .
10 used for: hanger of a sword Ham. v. ii. 157, &c.
carrier : messenger Wiv. 11. ii. 143, Tit. iv. iii. 85.
carrion (2 (i) is still in midland dialect use)
1 dead putrefying flesh Ham. 11. ii. 184 ;/ the sun
breed mayyots i)l a dead day, beiny a yod kissing t. ;
also attrib. carrion men C'ws. iii. i. 275 ; esp. =
feeding on carrion, e. g. carrion Jties Rom. 111. iii.
35, carrion kites 2H6 v. ii. 11.
2 used contemptuously (i) of a living person, as
being no better than carrion Wiv. iii. iii. 204,
H5 IV. ii. 39 I'oii island carrions, Rom. iii. v. 157,
C'£es. II. i. 130 Old feeble carrions ; (ii) the living
human body, the flesh Mer.V. in. i. 38 Out upon
it, old carrion! rebels it at these years?; attrib.
Mer.V. IV. i. 41 .4. weight of carrion flesh.
3 epithet of Death personitied Mer.V. 11. vii. 63 .1
carrion Death ; cf. John 111. iv. 33 a carrion monster
like thyself [\.ii. Death].
carry (the "chief fig. uses are the foil.)
1 to win, obtain Cor. 11. i. 257 rather Than carry it
[i. e. the consulship] by the suit 0' the yentry ; so
carry it, win the day Wiv. 111. ii. 73 he will cam) 'f
All's W. IV. i. 30, Oth. i. i. 67 Wtat a full fortune
does the thick-lips owe ( = possess). If he can carry 't
til us.'
2 to take by assault, conquer AU'sW. m. vii. 19 Lays
down his wanton siege before liir beauty, liesolv'dto
carry her, Cor. rv. vii. 27 think you he'll c. Home?
3 to conduct, manage Meas. ni. i. 269, Adoiv. i. 212,
MND. HI. ii. 240 This sport, well carried, Lr. v. iii.
37 carry ii so As I hare set it down ; refl. to behave
or conduct oneself All'sW. rv. iii. 121, H8 11. iv.
141 like her true nobility, she has Carried herself
towards me ; so also carry it, conduct matters,
behave, act Tw.N. iii. iv. 152 we may c. it thus.
4 to endure, put up with Rom. iv. v. 120, Lr. in. ii.
48 man's nature cannot carry The affliction.
carry it away, cany the day Rom. in. i. 79,
Ham. II. ii. 385 ; carry out my side, win my game
Lr. V. i. 61 ; carry through itself, be successful
Lr. I. iv. 3.
carry-tale: tale-bearer LLL. v. ii. 464, Yen. 657.
cart sb. (1 cf. CART vb.; 2 cf. car)
1 cart used for conveying criminals to the gallows,
and for the public exposure and chastisement of
ott'enders 1H4 11. iv. 654.
2 chariot of the sun-god Ham. iii. ii. 167 Phabus' c.
cart vb.: to cai'ry in a cart througli the streets by
way of punishment or public exposure Shr. i. i. 56.
carve (2 first in S.; 3 only S.; cf. mince)
1 to form, fashion Ado 11. iii. \Sc-ing the fashion of
a niir doublet, Shr. IV. iii. 89 c-'d like an apple-tart.
2 Cane for himself, indulge himself Ham. i. iii. 20 ;
so carve for his own rag» Oth. 11. iii. 175.
3 to show great courtesy and aft'ability (Schmidt)
Wiv. I. iii. 47 she discourses, she carves, LLL. v. ii.
324 }[c can carve too, and lisp.
ca,jrve&.-bone face : LLL. v. li. 616 ; ? carved bone-face.
carver : Be his own career, take or choose at his own
discretion R2 n. iii. 144.
casesb.' (senses 'contingency 'and 'state of things'
arc freq.; 'grammatical case' Wiv. iv. i. 47)
1 condition, circumstances ; in c. to, in a position to
Tp. m. ii. 30 ; in good c., well off 2H4 11. i. 119.
2 state of facts legally considered, statement of the
facts ' sub judice ', cause or suit 1H6 v. iii. 165 To
be mine own attorney in this c, Lr. in; ii. 85 When
every c. in law is riyht, Sonn. cviii. 9 ; (hence) ques-
tion Cym. I. vi. 42 (' in this question of beauty ').
3 form of procedure, more fully calleil ' action upon
the case ', which was ' an universal remedy lor all
CASE-
peisonal wrongs and injuries without force, not
specially provided for by law, so called because
the plaintiff's whole case or cause of complaint
is set Ibrth at length in the original writ ' (Black-
stone) Err. IV. ii. 42.
case sb.- (2 perhaps ' a pair ', like ' a case of pistols ')
1 applied to (i) a mask LLL. v. ii. 388 that shikv-
Jluous case, Eoni. i. iv. 29; cf. Ado ii. i. 99, and
CASE vb. 1 ; (ii) the body, as enclosing the soul
Tw.N. V. i. 1()9, Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 41, xiii. [xv.J
89 Tins case of ilial liiiifc spirit ; (iii) the sockets of
the eyes Wint. v. ii. 14, Lr. iv. vi. 148 iii/li the case
of eijfs. Per. m. ii. 99 ; (iv) the skin Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 849 ; (v) clotlies Meas. ii. iv. 13, 1H4 i. ii. 200
casts of hiickram, Compl. 116 Accoiiqilisli'd in Jin/i-
stlf, ttot in Itis case.
2 set H5 III. ii. 5 / have not a case of lives.
case vb. i3 used in cookery parlance till about 18(X))
1 to encase Err. ii. i. 85, K2 i. iii. 163 like a ctinniny
i)ts(nuiuitt cas'd up ; in transferred uses akin to
those of CASE sb.- 1, 1H4 ii. ii. 58 Case ye, c. tje ; on
with your visards, Cym. v. iii. 22, Per. v. i. il2 her
eyes asjcinl-like, And c-'d asriclily.
2 to enclose, shut up, surround John m. i. 259 A
cdsid lion {cluifidf}, Troil. in. iii. 187 C((se Ihy
ripn/alion in tliytvnt, Mac. in. iv. 23 the casini/ air.
3 to skin All'sW. in. vi. 110. Cf. case sb.'^ lOv).
'casion : a]ilietic form of 'occasion ' Lr. iv. vi. 241
Chill nut III ijo, zur, leilliout mrther 'casion (Q n(-
(jion). \ Still in west-country anil nortlx-countiy
dial, use, in Lancashire and Cheshire pronounced
'cagion'.
cask : casket 2H6 in. ii. 409.
casque (old edd. cnsk{e) : headpiece or helmet H5
Clior. 13, Troil. v. ii. 167 ; as a symbol of military
life or autliority Cor. iv. vii. 43 not movnuj From
Ihi i:ii.-.ijuc to till cushion.
Cassibelan : Cassivelaunus, king of tlie Britons in
C.» sar's time Cym. i. i. 30, &c.
cassock: soldier's cloak AHsW. iv. iii. 193.
cast sb. (2 only S.; 3 not pre-S.)
1 throw of the dice 1H4 iv. i. 47, R3 v. iv. 9 I have
set my life upon a cast.
2 casting or founding (of cannon) Ham. i. i. 73.
3 dash or shade of colour, tinge Ham. in. i. 85
sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thouyht,
cast vb. (the more unusual senses are)
1 to throw in wrestling Mac. ii. iii. 47 ihowjh he
lookup my l(i/ssii)iiitniic, yet I made a sliifl lo c. him.
2 todriveaway IHGv. iv. Wd Be cast from possibility
of all, Cym. v. iv. 60 To he exil'd, . . . and cast From
her his dtartsi one.
3 to throw up, vomit Tp. ii. i. 259 We all tecre scn-
sicalloni'd, iliouijh some cast ayain, Meas. in. i. 91
Hisflth within being cast : esii. cast up H5 in. ii.
59, Per. ii. i. 47.
4 to throw off, get rid of 0th. I. i. 150 the state . . .
Cannot inlh safittj east him, v. ii. 326.
5 to reckon, calculate 2H4 1. i. 166 You cast the event
of icar, . . . And sumin'd the account of chance, 2H6
IV. ii. 97 icrile and riad and cast accompt ; absol.
Ham. II. i. 115 To c. beyond ourselves, Ant. in. ii. 17.
cast away, to wreck (a sliip) Mcr.V. in. i. 108,
John V. V. 13 cast aieay . . . on Goodirin Sa>uls,
Sunn. Ixxx. 13 ; c. by, to throw aside Rom. i. i. 99.
cast, casted pa. pple: disused, abandoned, forsaken
AYL. HI. iv. lr> a pair of cast lipsof JJiiena, R5lV.
i. 23 ]Vilh nis/,d slouyh.
castigate: to cbasten Tim. iv. iii. 241 To nislifial,
Ihy priile. '', First in S., but castigation (Utli.
HI. iv. 42) is in Cliaucer.
castle (1 if. 'some old Lads of the Castell", 'a lusty
ladd of the Castell, that will binde Beares, and
ride golden Asses to death,' CUibriel Harvey)
30 —CAUDLE
1 old lad of the c. : (?) roisterer 1H4 i. ii. 48.
2 fig. = st)ong protection, stronghold Troil. v. ii.
184 and Tit. in. i. 170 (in which the word lias
been needlessly taken to mean 'helmet").
casual (twice in S.)
1 accidental Ham. v. ii. 396 casual slaughters.
2 subject to chance, precarious Cym. i. iv. 105 the
one is but frail and the oilier casiml.
casvially ; accidentally Cym. n. iii. 146.
cat (1 chiefly in allusions and proverbs)
1 domestic animal Tp. n. ii. 89 here is that which
will give language to you, cat (very strong drink
was .said to make a cat speak). Ado v. i. 136 care
killed a cat (i.e. for all its nine lives), MND. i. ii.
32 a part to tear a cat in ( = to rant violently),
Mac. I. vii. 45 Like the poor cat i' the adiuje (the
cat that would eat fish, but would not wet lier
feet), Ham. v. i. 314 The cat will mew.
2 civet-cat or musk-cat AYL. in. ii. 71 civet is . . .
the very uncleanly flux of a cat, Lr. in. iv. 108 Thou
owest . . . the cat no perfume.
3 term of contempt for a human being All'sW. iv.
iii. 269 he's a cat to me, 297, Cor. iv. ii. 34.
Catalan : for ' Cathaian,' man or woman of Cathay,
i.e. China, (hence) sharper, scoundi'el Wiv. ii. i.
147, Tw.N. n. iii. 83.
cataplasm : poultice, plaster Ham. iv. vii. 143 c. so
ran , Colheti d from all simiilix Ihat have virtue,
catastrophe (2 is recorded first from S.)
1 that which produces the conclusion or final event
of a dramatic piece, denouement LLL. iv. i. 78,
Lr. I. ii. IbOpat he comes, like the c. of the old comedy.
2 conclusion, end All'sW. i. ii. 57 On the calaslrop'tc
and heel of pastime.
3 (jocularly) the iiosteriors (S.) 2H4 n. i. 68.
catch sb. (1 not pre-S.; 2 not pre-Eliz.)
1 that which is caught or is worth catching Slir.
II. i. 325 a quiet catch, Troil. il. i. 110 Hector shall
have a great catch.
2 short musical composition for three or more
voices, wliich sing the same melody, the second
singer beginning the first line as the first goes
on to the second line, and so on Tp. in. ii. 129,
137, Tw.N. n. iii. 99, &c.
catch vb. {caught occurs 31 times, calchid 4 times ;
the senses ' overtake, come up with ' (Tp. v. i. 315,
MND. II. i. 233, R3 n. ii. 44), 'ai>prehend by the
senses or intellect ' (LLL. n. i. 70, Ant. i. il. 149,
Sonn. cxiii. 8), 'apprehend so as to adopt or
appropriate ' (Mac. i. v. 19), and ' catch a cold '
(Gent. I. ii. 133) are recorded first from S.; tliere
are many other uses ; the foil, arc occas.)
1 to attain, get possession of 3H6 in. ii. 179 I . . .
Torment myself to ceitcli the English croiot, Mac. i.
vii. 3 if the assassination Could . . . catch With his
stircease success, Sonn. cxliii. 11 ; absol. John i. i.
173 have is have, however moi do caleh,
2 fig. of contracting a disease MND. i. i. 189 My
tongue should catch your ionque's sweet melody.
3 caleh the air*, (?) gasp for breath 2H6 in. ii. 371.
cater-cousins: good friends Mer.V. n. ii. 143 His
maslir and he , . . are scarce cater-cousins. ^ This
is the prevailing sense in mod. dial. use. [190.
cates : dainties, delicacies Err. in. i. 28, Shr. n. i.
catling : catgut Troil. in. iii. 309 unless the fiddler
Apollo get his sineics to make catlings on. ^Cat-
ling is the name of a musician in Rom. iv. v. 133.
cat-o'-mountain : leopard or panther Tp. iv. i. 264
piird, or cat-o'-mnunlain; attrib. Wiv. n. ii. 27.
caudie (meaning unknown) : 1114 i. iii. 251 iihal n
iiuidie dial of courtisy (Fn. caudie, Fj i gaudic, -y,
ino.l. edd. eaiidyf).
caudle: warm drink given to sick people, con-
siating of thin gruel, uii:icd with wine or ale
CAUSE —
.sweetened and spiced LLL. iv. iii. 174; hempen
niiidh, halter 2H0 iv. vii. 94.
cause ah. (the foil, are obs. or archaic uses ; 1 is a
H'litial application of the legal sense 'subject of
lilii;ation ' ; 4 taken over from late Latin ' causa ')
1 matter in dispute, affair to be decided Slir. iv. iv.
2<i a iniijlitt) cause Of love, 2Hti iii. i. 289 What
counsel i/iie you in this wen/hti/ cause ?
2 eontextually = charge, accu.sation Lr. rv. vi. 112
Whut was till) cause 1 AduKen/ ?
3 matter of concern, affair, business LLL. v. ii. 749,
H5 I. i. 45 any cause of police, 1H6 v. iii. 106, 113
m. V. 65 (Ffcrt.se), Lucr. 1295 The c. craves hasle.
4 disease All'sW. ii. i. 114 iouch'd With that mali(j-
naiU c((use. Cor. in. i. 2;i4 to care tin's cause.
5 term ill the practice of duelling (not yet fully ex-
plained) LLL. I. ii. 187 The first and second cause,
AYL. V. iv. 52 tlie quarrel was upon the seventh
cause, Rom. ii. iv. 27.
'cause: because Tit. v. ii. 63, Mac. iii. vi. 21.
cautel: crafty device, deceit, trickery Ham. i. iii.
15 no soil nor c. doth besmirch . . ., Compl. 303.
cautelons: crafty, deceitful Cor. iv. i. 33 cauf/ht
Willi caulilous baits and practice, Cies. II. i. 129.
cauterizing't : Fi canlh-, FTo 3 4 calh- Tim. v. i. 138.
cavition (obs. use) : taking heed, precaution Miic.
III. vi. 44 that . . . might Advise Iiiiit to a caution.
cavaleiro: gentleman trained in arms; gay,
sjirinhtly military man, (hence) gallant 2H4v. iii.
6(.) {ii cabihi-os. Ft cavilc7-os) ; used as a title Wiv.
II. i. 201, iii. 76 ; also cavalery MND. iv. i. 25.
cavalier: =cavai,eiro H5 in. Ohor. 24.
cave-keeper : one who lives in a cave Cyni. iv. ii.
298; so cave-keepingr, fig. secret Lucr. 1260
Cavc-kecpinij ivils.
caviare (old edd. Caviarie, ->/, the connuon 16th-
IStli cent, forms): roe of tlie sturgeon pressed
and salted and eaten as a relish, generally un-
palatable to those who have not acquired the
taste for it Ham. 11. ii. 466 the play . . . pleased
not the million ; 'tivas caviare to the yeneral.
cease sb.: cessation Ham. in. iii. 15 Tlie cease of
hi((jisly {Ft cease, Qq ccsse), Lr. v. iii. 2ti6 Fall and
cdisc t. f\ Partly an aphetic foiTn of ' decease '.
cease vb. (rare use) : he not ceas'd, do not allow
yourself to be silenced Tim. 11. i. 16.
cellarag'e: in the c, underground Ham. t. v. 151
(old edd. selleredfje, scllcridije, celliridije, scllerir/c).
ceir ent sb. and vb. (old edd. also ciinent, cyim nt,
syiiiaut) : always stressed on the first syllable
Oor. IV. vi. 86, Ant. n. i. 48, in. ii. 29.
censer : pcrfuming-pan having an ornamented lid
Shr. IV. iii. 91 Here's snip and nip and cut and
slish and slash, Lilce to a censer in a b((rher's sliop,
2H4 V. iv. 21 thin num in a censer (ref. probably
to figures embossed on censer-lids).
censor : name of two magistrates in ancient Rome,
who drew up tlie census of the citizens and had
the supervision of public morals Cor. 11. iii. 252.
censure sb. (2 the prevailing S. use ; 3 not pre-S.)
1 judicial sentence, esp. a condemnatory one Cor.
ni. iii. 45, v. v. [vi.] 143 Your heaviest censure,
0th. V. ii. 367 the censure of this hellish villain.
2 judgement, opinion AYL. iv. i. 8 every modern
censure R3 11. ii. 144 To f/ive your censuns in this
business, Ham. I. iii. 69 Take each man's n iisare.
3 adverse judgement, unfavourable oi)inioii, l)hiiiie
Meas. III. ii. 201 Xo mif/ht nejrf/reatniss in mortality
Can censure 'scape, H8 in. i. 63 yiiur late censure
Both of his truth and him, Lr. i. iv. 232.
censure vb. (1 the prevailing ,sen.se)
1 trans, to fonn or give an opinion of, estimate
John n. i. 328, Cor. 11. i. 25 hnin you are censured
here in the city, Cxa. iii. ii. 16, Lr. iii. v. 3.
31 — CHAIB
2 intr. to give an opinion (on) Gent. i. ii. 19 That I
. . . Should censure tlms on lovely yenth men. Ham.
III. ii. 92 to c. of his seeminy (Ff To c, Qq In c).
3 to pass sentence upon Meas. 11. i. 29 When I, that
censure him, do so offend, Lr. v. iii. 3.
center [Fr. 'ceinture'] : girdle John iv. iii. 155 (Ff
center, mod. edd. cincture, ceinture) ; by some
taken = centre 3.
centre (in Wint. 11. i. 101* the sense is perhaps
architectural 'temporary framework supporting
a superstructure ')
1 middle point of the earth MND. in. ii. 54, Ham.
II. ii. 159 / Mill find Where truth is hid, iliouyh it
irere hid indeid Williin tlie centre.
2 the earth, as the supposed centre of the universe
Troil. I. iii. 85 The heavens. . ., tin plaints, and th is c.
3 the heart or soul, taken as the centre of the body
Wint. I. ii. Vi'd thy intention stabs the centre, Rom.
n. i. 2, Sonn. cxlvi. 1.
century (sense of ' 100 years ' is post-S.)
1 division of the Roman army, probably consisting
orig. of 100 men Cor. i. vii. 3, Lr. iv. iv. 6.
2 hundred Cym. iv. ii. 391 a century of prayers.
Cerberus: three-headed watch-dot; oi' the Jiifcinal
regions in ancient mythology LLL. v. ii. .Mio.
cereclotll : winding-sheet, projicrly one impreg-
nated with waxMer.V. 11. vii. 51.
cerements (Qq ; Fj cermetils, F-2 3 4 cearments) :
waxed wrapping for the dead, (hence) grave-
clothes Ham. I. iv. 48. ^ A purely S. word, which
has been caught up by modern writers.
ceremony (1 common Eliz. use ; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 external accessory or symbol of state Meas. n. ii.
59 Xo cerimony that to yreat ones 'lonys, Xot tlie
Iciny's crown, &c., H5 iv. i. 110 his [the king's]
ceremonies laid by ; applied to festal ornaments
Cses. I. i. 69 Disrobe the imayes If you do find them
deck'd with ceremonies.
2 portent, omen Cses. 11. i. 197 elreams, and cere-
monies, II. ii. 13. [ii. 2.
Ceres: goddess of agriculture Tp. iv. i. 60, 2H6 i.
'cern: short for 'concern' Shr. v. i. 76. ^I Cf. the
midland dial, 'sarn', short for ' consarn ', 'con-
cern ' = confound !
certainly (rare use) : steadfastly, fixedly 1H6 v. i.
37 cirtainly resolv'd.
certes (two syll. in Tp. in. iii. 30 and Err. iv. iv. 77,
one syll. in 118 I. i. 48 and 0th. i. i. 16) : certainly
LLL.'iv. ii. 171.
certify : to assure, inform with certainty Mer.V.
n. viii. 10, 1H6 n. iii. 32, ly. i. 144, R3 i. iv. 96
(Ff signify), in. ii. 10.
cess [aphetic form of ' assess ' = assessment] : out
of all cess, beyond all ciilculation 1H4 11. i. 8.
cesse [variant of 'cease' not geneially current in
S.'s time] : to cease All'sW. v. iii. 72 (Fi) : rhymes
with bless.
chace : term of tennis for the second impact on the
floor of a ball which the opponent has failed or
declined to return ; used vaguely in the pi. =
tennis-play H5 l. ii. 266 all the courts of France
will be disturb'd With cliaces.
chafe sb.: rage, passion Ant. i. iii. 85 How this
Herculean lioman does become The carriaye of his c.
chafe vb.: not pre-S. in the intr. sense 'to fret,
rage ' of the sea or a river against its banks Wint.
m. iii. 89, C»s. i. ii. 101 The troubled Tiber cliafimj
iritli tier slioirs, Lr. iv. vi. 22,
chafedf: John in. i. 259 ; see case vb. 2.
chain : to surround as with a chain, embrace Ant.
IV. viii. 14 Chain mine arm'd neck.
chair (used as the .symbol of old age, when rest is
the natural condition, in IHO in. ii. 51, iv. v. 5 ;
Cf CHAIK-DAYS)
CHAIR-BAYS -
32
CHANGE
1 sent of authority, as a throne, a jiulgement-seat,
the Roman rostra Wiv. v. v. iil chairs of orihr (in
St. George's Chapel, Windsor), 3H6 i'. iv. 97 lie
that took Kiiif/ Hniry's chair, n. i. 90 His dukedom
nnd his chair, H8 IV. i. 67 chair of state, Cor. in.
iii. 3-1 the chairs of justice, iv. vii. 52*, Caes. iii. ii.
69 the public chair.
2 sedan (not prc-S.) Otli. v. i. 82, 96.
chair-days : days of rest, i.e. old age 2H6 v. ii. 48.
chalic'd(S. coinage, imitated by moderns) : having
a cup-like blossom Cyin. ii. iii. 25 chaiic'd flowers.
challenge sb. (3 the usual sense in S.)
1 claim 1H6 V. iv. 153 OfleneJitproceediiiijfroiHonr
km II And not of anij challenge of desert.
2 in law, exception taken against either persons or
things H8 ir. iv. 75 and make my challenge you
shall not he nig judge. [iv. 8.
3 summons to single combat Ado i. i. 41, Rom. ir.
challenge vb. (1 the orig. sense, the ultimate
ftym. of the word being Latin 'calumniari ' = to
accuse falsely ; 2, 3 the chief Eliz. uses)
1 to accuse, bring a charge against Tit. i. i. 340
c-d of wrongs, Mac. in. iv. 42 c. for itnkindness.
2 to lay claim to, claim as due, demand or urge as
a right LLL. v. ii. 813, R2 ii. iii. 134 /«)» a subject.
And challenge law, 3H6 in. ii. 86, iv. vi. 6, iv. vii.
23, 0th. II. i. 214 his icorthiness Does challenge
much respect, Lucr. 58 ; absol. Lr. i. i. 55 Where
nature doth with merit challenge.
3 to summon to fight or single combat (freq.) Ado
I. i. 42, H8 I. i. 34 ; Tw.N. ii. iii. 137 to challenge
him the field. ^The foil, variants of the last
phrase occur : ' to challenge a person in the field '
(1556), 'into the field' (1693), 'to challenge the
field one of another' (1693).
challenger : in senses 2 and 3 of the vb. ; H5 ii.
iv. 95, Ham. iv. vii. 28 ; AYL. i. ii. 172, &c.
Cliani: obs. form of 'Khan', formerly applied to
rulers of the Tartars and Mongols, esp. the em-
peror of China Ado II. i. 219 the Great Cham's beard.
chaniher (2 London is called ' Regum Angliae
Camera ' = Chamber of the Kings of England, by
Camden in his ' Britannia' ; the orig. application
■was to cities or provinces directly subject and
yielding immediate revenue to the king)
1 of (a person's) chamber, one of his attendants,
chamberlain to him AYL. ii. ii. 5, Mac. i. vii. 76,
II. iii. 108, Per. i. i. 152.
2 metropolis, capital R3 in. i. 1 Welcome, sweet
firince, to London, to your chamber.
3 I6th-17th cent, name of a small piece of ordnance
2H4 II. iv. 56.
chamber-covinsels : private affairs "Wint. i. ii. 237
(F cliiimhir-roitncels, some mod. edd. -councils).
clianiber'd : lodged R2 i. i. 149 the best blood
cliiimhi r'd in liis hosom.
chauaberer : frequenter of ladies' chambers, gal-
lant Oth. in. iii. 265.
chamberlain :
1 one who waits on a king or lord in his bed-
chamber, fig. in Tim. iv. ill. 223; spec, officer
having charge of the king's private ap.irtments
and household Iv3 i. i. 123.
2 attendant in an inn in charge of the bedrooms
II14 n. i. 52.
chambermaid: lady's maid Tw.N. i. iii. 55.
chamblet : see camlet.
chameleon : formerly supposed to live on air ;
hence Gent. n. i. 181 thongh the chameleon Loie can
feed on thi air. Ham. in. ii. 98 Excellent, i' faith ;
of the r. '\ dish ; I eat the air, promisi-crammeel.
champaign: flat open country Tw.N. n. v. 175
/iinjiiglit nnd cha mjiaigii. (Ffi ^ chain pian, Vfn
champion, mud. edd.t/((i//';»((((y);0,Lr, I. i. 66 With
shadoiig forests and with chanijiaigns riched (Fj
clianijiaiti, Ff? 3 1 Champion, mod. edd. cheim-
pai{ij)n) ; attrib. Lucr. 1247 a goodly champaign
plain (Fi cliampaine).
champion sb. (3 Wyclif has ' strong schampions
and pileris of holy chirche ')
1 fighting man, man of valour 1H6 in. iv. 19 .1
stouter champion nei:er handled sword. Tit. i. i. 65
Home's best champion.
2 one who does battle in his own cause or for
another in single combat R2 i. iii. 5, Lr. v. i. 43,
Per. I. i. 61, Ven. 596.
3 one who defends a per.son or a cause All'sW. iv.
ii. 50, John in. i. '265 be champion of our cliurch,
R2 I. ii. 43 God, the widow's champion.
champion vb.: to challenge Mac. in. i. 72. ^In-
troduced by S. and imitated by mod. writers.
chance (2 is now archaic, 5 is obsolete)
1 fortuitous circumstance, accident Wint. n. iii.
182 Where chance may nurse or end it, Troil. in.
iii. 131, Cor. iv. iv. 20, Lucr. 1596 ; so by chance
LLL. V. ii. 219, Ham. iv. vii. 161.
2 something that happens, event, occurrence ; esp.
unfortunate event, mishap 2H4 iv. ii. 81 ///
chances, Rom. v. iii. 146, Mac. n. iii. 98, Ham. v.
ii. 348 Von that look pale and tremble at this cliance.
3 opportunity, possibility of good or bad fortune
Mer.V. II. i. 43 bring nie unto my chance, Cym. v.
iv. 1.32/, That have this golden chance ; so fake (onc'a)
chance John i. i. 151 ; main chance, chief or para-
mount issue 2H4 in. i. 83 a mein may propliesy . . .
of the main chance of things.
4 fortune, good or ill AViv. v. i. 5, Troil. Prol. 31
the chance of war, Mac. i. iii. 143 If chance will
hare me king, Oth. iv. i. 278.
5 piece of (good) fortune, a person's fortune, luck,
or lot Tw.N. III. iv. 179 // ii be thi/ chance to kill
me, 1H6 v. iv. 4, Troil. iv. v. 149, Cor. iv. vii. 40
tliose chances Which lie iras lord of Ant. n. iii. 36.
chance vb. (now generally superseded by ' happen ';
the foil, are idiomatic uses, in which the word
assumes the character of an adv.)
1 may chance with an infinitive = may possiblv Ado
II. iii. 265 [244], 2H4 11. i. 13, Troil. i. i. 28 you
may chance burn i/niir lips (Ff /o burn).
2 Bow chance = How does it come about that ? Wiv.
y. v. 241 [2301, 2114 iv. iv. 20, R3 iv. ii. 99, Lr. n.
iv. 64 How c. the king comes with so small a number f
chancellor: secretary H8 i. i. 219 {Ff counsellor),
II. i. 20; spec, the 'King's Chancellor' or Lord
High Chancellor, the keeper of the Great Seal
and highest judicial functionary in England SHii
I. i. 238 Waricick is chancellor, H8 in. ii. 395 Sir
Thomas More is chosen Lord Chancellor.
change sb. (the foil, are obs. or special uses)
1 exchange Ado iv. i. 185 Meiintain'd the change of
words, H5 iv. viii. 29, Troil. in. iii. 27 Give us a
prince of blood, . . . In ehange of him, Cies. V. iii. 51.
2 cbangefulness, changing humour, caprice Lr. i.
i. 291 how full of changes his ae/e is, Cym. I. vi. 115,
Sonn. XX. 4 A noman's gentle heart, but not ac-
epiaintcd With shifting change.
3 variation or modulation in music Gent. iv. ii. 69 ;
in verse Sonn. Ixxvi. 2, cv. 11.
4 r?) round in dancing (S.) LLL. v. ii. 210.
change vb. (in Cor. v. iii. 152*, Ant. i. ii. 5* Ff real
chani/c, mod. edd. chan/ef : see commentators)
1 to exchange Tp. l. ii. 438, LLL. v. ii. 134, AYL.
T. iii. 94 Wilt thou change fathers? ; to exchange
(a thing) with (a person) Sonn. xxix. 14 I scorn to
chani/i mg slate with kings, Oth. 1. iii. 318 changi
111)1 liumanitg with a baboon ; intr. with /or beford
the thing taken in e.Kchange Oth. i. iii. 356 She
must change for yuulh, Per. iv. \ i. 170.
CHANGEABLE —
33
—CHARON
2 ='cliaiige colour' (AYL. iii. ii. 193), turn pak-,
))hisi) Ado V. i. 143 lie clianr/es more and more : I
iliiiik III III rniyrij indeed, H5 ii. ii. 73, Cym. i. vi.
11 Chinijii ijoit, tiuulnm?.
changeable : vaiying in colour in different lights,
'shot' Tw.N. II. iv. 75 chauycnhk iaffetn. ^In
use 1480-1815.
cliang"eful(notpre-S.): inconstant Troil. iv. iv. 97.
changfeling' (1 now obsolete or archaic)
1 fickle or inconstant person 1H4 v. i. liijickle c-s,
Cor. IV. vii. 11 /(/'*• tmlitre In tliafs no clinngeUm).
2 child left by the fairies in exchange for one stolen
MND. n. i. 23; attrib. ii. i. 120, iv. i. 65; fig. of
a letter substituted for another Ham. v. ii. 53.
channel sb.: street gutter= kennel 2H4 ii. i. 54-5,
3H0 II. ii. 141. "[I Still in use locally in northern
counties.
channel vb. (not prc-S.i : to furrow lH4i. i. 7 Xo
iiinrc slinll tvaiihiKii inir iluiiiiid lier fields.
chanson: song Hani. ii. ii. 447(438] The first row of
tlif piiiiis rliiiiixoii (so Qq o_5 ; Fi Pons Chanson, Qg
Y\'i-n I'll IIS Chiinson).
chantry: chapel endowed for the maintenance of
one or more priests to sing mass for the souls of the
founders or others Tw.N. iv. iii. 24, Ho iv. i. 321.
chaos (1 is a sense of the orig. Greek word ; 4 is
a rare use)
1 'black gulf or 'deep abyss' of night or darkness
0th. III. iii. 92* when I hie thee not, Chnos is come
iifjiiin (or ? = sense 2j, Yen. 1020 hlnck chaos comes
lii/ain, Lucr. 767 Vast sin-roiiriiilin!/ c. ( = night).
2 fctate resembling that of primitive chaos or the
' formless void ' of primordial matter, utter con-
fusion Troil. I. iii. 125 This chaos, when degree is
suffocate.
3 confused ma.ss or conglomeration Rom. i, i. 184
Mis-shapen chaos of inll-sitiiiiiui forms.
4 shapeless mass 3H6 iii. ii. 101 To disproportion
ine . . . Like to a chaos, or an iinlick'd bear-nhelp.
chape : metal plate or mounting of a scabbard, esp.
that which covers the point All'sW. iv. iii. 105
the chape of his dagger ; so chapeless (S.) Slir.
III. ii. 49 uith a broken hilt, and chainUss.
chapless: lacking the lower jaw Kom. rv. i. 83
//(//(//(■ c. skulls (Qq..3 Fi chapipjfis), Ham. v. i. 95.
chapman (2 survivccl in dialect till the 19th cent.)
1 merchant, trader LLL. ii. i. 16 Not itlter'd by base
sale of chapmen's tongues.
2 purchaser, customer Troil. iv. i. 75 as chapmen do,
Dispraise the thing that ijmi desire to bug.
chaps': cracks in the skin Tit. v. iii. 77. See chops.
chaps 2 : jaws Tp. ii. ii. 93, Mac. i. ii. 22 (Ff chops).
charact (Ff) : distinctive mark Meas. v. i. 56.
character sb. (in R3 iii. i. 81 charu'cter, as often in
10th-17th cent.; the foil, uses are not pre-S.)
1 in collective sing, used = writing, printing Tim.
V. iii. fithe character III take with wax, Sonn. lix. 8
Since mine at first in character u<as done.
2 handwriting 'Meas. iv. ii. 208, Tw.N. v. 1. 358,
Wint. v. ii. 39, Ham. iv. vii. 51 Know you the
hand ?—'Tis Hamht's character.
3 cipher for secret correspondence (fig.) Meas. i. i.
27' There is a kind of character in thy life.
4 face or features as betokening moral qualities
Tw.N. I. ii. 49, Cor. ii. i. 72, v. iv. 29 I paint him
in the character.
character vb. (thrice chara'cter, four times
cha'racter ; not pre-S.) : to engrave, inscribe, also
fig. Gent. II. vii. 4, 2H6 iii. i.300 one scar character'd
on thy skin. Ham. i. iii. b^ these few precepts in thy
memory Look thou character, Sonn. cvlll. 1.
chara'cterless : leaving no mark behind them
Troll. III. ii. 195 And mighty states characterless
art grated To dusty nothing.
chara'ctery : writlna 'WIv. v. v. 79 ; fie. Cas. ii.
i. 308.
Charbon" (obscure) : AU'sW. i. III. 57.
chare: turn of work, job, e.sp. of household work
Ant. iv. xiii. [xv.] 75 the meanest c-s, v. ii. 230.
charge sb. (the senses ' accusation ' and ' person or
thing entrusted to one's care ' are also freq.)
1 load, burden (lit. and fig.) Wiv. i. iv. 103, Ado i.
i. 106, Wint. I. ii. 26 my stay To you a citarye and
trouble ; (with quibble) Ham. v. ii. 43 ''As'es of
yrcat cliarye.
2 luggage, baggage 1H4 n. i. 51, G4.
3 importance, weight Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 260 many
parcels of charge, Kom. v. il. 18 The letter mts . . .
full of charge.
4 expense, cost (freq.) ; on your charge, at your
expense Mer.V. iv. i. 258 ; pi. 2H6 i. i. 62 of the
Kilty of Enyland's own proper cost and charyes, Cor.
V. v. [vi.] 79 ; be at characs, spend soinethins;
R3 I. ii. 257.
5 mandate, order (freq.) ; on charge, at command
Troll. IV. iv. 133 ; give in charge, to command Tp.
V. i. 8, 1H6 II. iii. i, R3 i. i. 85 ; ho yircn in charge,
commanded 2H6 ii. iv. 81 So am I'giiin in iliargi ;
also / hiid in i liarye, I was commanded 2H6 i. i. 2.
military post or command ; also the troops under
an officer's command 1H4 ii. iv. 604 [597] a charge
of foot, Cor. IV. iii. 48 the centurions and their
charges, Cies. TV. ii. 48, Ant. in. vii. 16.
7 (of a weapon) position for attack 2H4 iv. i. 120
Their ar)ned staves in charye.
chargre vb. (various senses occur ; the foil, are the
less freq.)
1 to load, burden (fig.) H5 i. ii. 15, 283, Cxh. hi. Iii.
2 things unlucky charye my fantasy, Mac. v. i. .W
The heart is sorely chnryed ; to .saddle with ex-
pense Wiv. 11. ii.'l73.
2 to call upon to give answer Mer.V. v. i. 298 charye
%is there upoti inler'gatories, John in. i. 151 Tn
charye me to an answer.
3 to level (as a weapon) Ado v. i. 139, LLL. v. ii. 88
thiy Tliiit charge tlieir breath ayainst its.
chargeful : expensive, costly Err. iv. i. 29.
charge-house (S.) : house in which youth are
taken charge of, boarding-school LLL. v. i. 88.
chariness : scrupulous integrity Wiv. ii. i. 101.
charity: in phrases of exhortation /'or c//n)v<»/ R3
I. ii. 49, of charity Tw.N. v. i. 240 ; by Saint
Charity (Fi'S. Charity) = OFr. 'parseinte charite',
by holy charity Ham. iv. v. 59. Tj E. K. (Gloss, on
Spenser) says that ' deare Lord, and sweete Saint
Charltee ' was ' the Catholiques comen othe '.
charm sb. : the orlg. sense 'incantation, enchant-
ment, magic spell ' (Tp. i. ii. 231) nins through
the fig. applications Wiv. ii. ii. 108* surely, I
think you have charms, la, Rom. il. Prol. 6 be-
loitched by the charm of looks, Lr. v. iii. 49, Pllgr.
xi. 8 [150] ; occas. the sense approaches to 'person
or thing that charms ' 0th. v. i. 35 those charms,
thine eyes. Ant. iv. x. 29 [xii. 16], 38 [25] this false
soul of Egypt ! this e/rare charm.
charm vb. (as in the sb. the fig. uses retain a strong
metaphor from the orig. sense 'enchant')
1 charm the tonf/ue, keep it silent Shr. TV. il. 58,
2H6 IV. i. 64, 3H6 v. v. 31, 0th. v. ii. 182.
2 to entreat or conjure by some potent invocation
Ci»s. II. i. 271 I charm you, by my once-commended
beaut//.
charmed (2 the phrase is echoed by mod. writers)
1 endowed with matjic or occult power Mac. iv. 1. 9
the charmed pot, Compl. 146 in his charmed power.
2 fortified by a spell Mac. v. vii. 41 [vlii. 12] a c. life.
charneco : "kind of wine 2H6 ii. iii. 63.
Charon : ferryman who conveyed the shades of the
CHABTEB —
34
— CHICK
ikparted across the Styx; allusively in Troil. m.
ii. 10 be thou my Charon.
charter : publicly conceded right, privilege, im-
munity AYL. II. vii. 48 as hirqe a charter as the
irittd, H2 II. i. 197, R3 III. i. 54, Cor. i. ix. 14, 0th.
I. iii. 247 let me find a c. m ijourroice, Sonn. Iviii. 9.
chartered : privileged, licensed H5 i. i. 48 The air,
(I iliarter'd lihertine.
Chartreux : the Charterhouse or Carthusian mon-
astery in Smithflekl, London H8 i. i. 221 ,1 monk
(/ tht'chni-irenx,!. ii. 148 a Chartreux friar.
chary: adi. fastidious, shy, particular Ham. i. iii.
36 The chariest maid ;— adv. carefully Honn. xxii.
11 keep so chary As tender nurse her babe.
chase sb. (2 the usual sense ; 3 once)
1 hunting 0th. ii. iii. 372, Yen. 3, &c.
2 pursuit MXD. ii. ii. 88 / am out of breath in this
fond chase ; in chase is used both of the chaser and
of the chased Gent. v. iv. 15 Have some unhappy
passcnqer in chase, Tw.N. iii. i. 126 / did send . . .
A rinij in chase of you, John l. i. 223 he. That holds
in chase mine honour, Sonn. cxliii. 5 her neglected
child holds her in chase ; by this kind of chase, by
following up this kind of argument AYL. i. iii. 34;
occas. =race C»s. i. ii. 8 in this holy chase.
3 hunting-ground Tit. ii. in. 255 this pleasant chase.
4 hunted animal Wint. iii. iii. 56*.
chase vb. (in Tim. i. i. 25 Ff chases, mod. edd.
chafes, Ven. 325 earlier Qq chafing, later chasing)
1 chas'd your blood Out of appearance (Ffi o appar-
ance), driven the colour out of your face (i. e. ren-
dered it invisible) H5 ii. ii. 75.
2 to harass, persecute Wint. v. i. 217 Though
Fortune, visible an enemy. Should chase us with my
fathir.
chaste (special uses) : celibate, unmarried Mer.V.
I. ii. 115, Rom. i. i. 223 ; stainless 0th. v. ii. 2
yo}i chaste stars.
cha'stise (7 times) : John ii. i. 117, v. ii. 84 ;
rhitstt'se (twice) Tp. v. i. 263, Troil. v. v. 4.
chat sb. and vb. are both used in the obs. sense of
(1) frivolous talking, and the current one of
(2) familiar conversation ; in Cor. ii. i. 227 chats
/( Hi! = gossips about him.
chattels: H8 in. ii. 344 (so mod. edd.; ¥f castles).
chaudron (Ff chairdron) : entrails Mac. iv. i. 33.
che : tcirm of south-western dial. ' ch ' = I (as in
'oliam' = I am) used before consonants Lr. iv. vi.
247 die tor ye.
cheap : S. is the earliest authority for the senses
' costing little labour or effort ' (Meas. ii. iv. 106),
' accounted of small value, lightly esteemed '
(1H4 in. ii. 41), and the phrase 'hold cheap ' =
despise (Err. iii. i. 21). See also good cheap.
cheapen : to bargain or bid for Ado ii. iii. 33, Per.
IV. vi. 10 if he should cheapen a kiss of her.
cheat: swindle, fraud Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 28, 130.
^ The woi'd passed through the senses (1) escheat,
i.e. property which falls to the lord by forfeit or
line, (2) booty, (3) stolen thing (in the thieves'
cant of the 16th cent, simply = thing), (4) fraud.
cheater (the mod. sense occurs Err. i. ii. 101, 2H4
II. iv. 150 ; S. plays on the other senses)
1 officer appointed to look after the king's escheats
(see CHEAT), who would have opportunities of
defrauding people of their estates ; used fig. Wiv.
I. iii. 75 (F.^ Cheator), Tit. v. i. Ill, Sonn. cli. 3.
2 tame cheater, (?) decoy duck or other tame animal
used as a decoy 2H4 n. iv. 105.
check sb. (Eliz. sense) : reproof, rebuke, censure
Wiv. III. iv. 84 against all checks, rebukes and
manners, Shr. i. i. 32* Aristotle's checks (? re-
straints), 2114 IV. iii. 34, 0th. in. iii. 67, Ant. iv.
iv. 31 Jlebukcable And uorthy shameful check.
check vb. (gen. sense 'restrain, repress' is freq.)
1 to stop short at Ham. iv. vii. 62 As checking at his
voyage, and that he means No more to undertake it.
2 (of a hawk) to leave its quarry and fly at a chance
bird that crosses its path Tw.N. ii. v. 127, iii. i.
72 Xot, like the haggard, check at every feather.
3 to rebuke, reprove, chide All'sW. i. i. 77 check'd
for silence, But never tax' d for speech , 2H4i. ii. 224,
R3 I. iv. 140, III. vii. 149, Caes. iv. iii. 96 Check'd
like a bondman, Lr. ii. ii. 149.
4 to curb, control John ii. i. 123, 3H6 in. ii. 166.
5 to rein in (horses) 3H6 ii. vi. 12.
cheek lyjonl : side by side MND. in. ii. 3.38.
cheek-roses: rosy cheeks Meas. i. iv. 16.
cheer sb. (5 whence the sense ' fare, provisions '
Wiv. III. ii. 55 ; Ham. in. ii. 231 where some read
chair, comparing Hall's Satires ' Sit seven yeres
pining in an anchor's cheyre ')
1 face, complexion MND. in. ii. % jiale of cheer.
2 countenance, aspect Mer.V. in. ii. 313 show a
merry cheer. Tit. i. i. 264 this cliange of cheer.
3 disposition, frame of mind, mood AH'sW. iii. ii.
67 have a better c. Tit. ii. iii. 188 Xe'er let my heart
Icnow merry c. , Sonn. xcvii. 13 iiith so dull a c. ; esp.
freq. in what c.? = how goes it with you? Tp. i.
i. 2 ; good cheer, courage, good heart Mer.V. in.
V. 5, IV. i. Ill, R3 IV. i. 37 (Qq have comfort).
4 cheerfulness, mirth Ado i. iii. 74, Ham. i. ii. 116
in the cheer and comfort of our eye, in. ii. 176 So
far from cheer.
5 kindly welcome, hospitable entertainment Err.
III. i. 66 neither cheer, sir, nor welcome, Lucr. 89
gives good cheer.
cheer vb. (1 once in S. ; common Eliz. : ' to comfort,
gladden, console ' is the most freq. sense)
1 How cheer'st thou?. What cheer?, How is it with
thee? Mer.V. ni. v. 76 (Qq /nresO.
2 to encourage, incite 3H6 n. iv. 9 the heart that. . .
cheers these hands . . . To execute the like upon thy-
self, Tim. I. ii. 44 ; fig. Sonn. xv. 6 Cheered and
check'd e'en by the selfsame sky.
3 to salute with joyful sounds MND. iv. i. 131 A cry
mo>-e tuneable "Was never holla'd to, nor chcir'd
with horn.
cheerfully : encouragingly H5 iv. i. 34.
cheerly : blithely, cheerily AYL. ii. vi. 15 ; as a cry
of encouragement among sailors = heartily Tp. i.
i. 6 Heigh, my hearts! cheerly, cheerly, my hearts!
chequin : sequin, gold coin of Italy and Turkey,
worth from 7a-. to 9s. 6rf. Per. iv. ii. 28 (old edd.
chcckins, chickens, -ecus, -ins).
cherish (1 common in Eliz. use of rearing plants ;
2 in use 1330-1740)
1 to foster 3H6 ii. vi. 21 what doth cherish weeds but
gentle air ?, Lucr. 950 To . . . cherish springs. [193.
2 to entertain (a guest) with kindness 1H4 in. iii.
cherry-pit: children's game consisting in throw-
ing cherry-stones into a hole Tw.N. in. iv. 131.
cherry-stone : as the type of a trifle Err. iv. iii. 74.
cherubin: applied to an 'angelic' woman Tp. i.
ii. 15J, 0th. IV. ii. 62 thoti young and rnse-lipp'd
I hernhin ; also attrib. =angelic Tim. iv. iii. 63 For
all hir clieruliin look.
chest: used = breast Lucr. 761 Some purer chest.
cheveril: kid-leather; always used allusively as
a type of flexibility Tw.N. in. i. 13, H8 ii. iii. 32
your soft c. conscience, Rom. n. iv. 90 a wit of c^
chew (in fig. uses) : to ruminate upon CafS. l. ii. 170 ;
to keep mumbling over Meas. ii. iv. 5 As if I did
hat iiiiiii clii If his )ianic.
Chewet: chou^'h, jackdaw [Fr. 'chouette']; applied
to a chatterer 1H4 v. i. 29* Peace, chewet, peace!
chick : used as a term of endearment (S.) Tp. v. 1.
316 My Ariel, chick.
CHICKEN -
chicken (2 cf. ' cliicken-liearted ')
1 applied to human oltspriiig Mac. iv. iii. 218.
2 applied to one wlio is as timorous or defenceless
as a chicken Cym. v. iii. 42 tin ij flu Chickens.
chide (pa. t. cUid, pa. pple. rhid, chukUn)
1 intr. to scold, quanel, sjicak loudly, brawl LLL.
rv. iii. 132 Yon elude at liiiii, Slir. i. ii. 9(5 thoiujh
she chide as loiul As thundir, Sonn. cxi. 1 for my
sdke do you iiith Fortune chide.
2 trans, to scold (treq.) ; to drive away with scold-
ing MND. lU. ii. 312 he hath chkl me hence.
3 applied to sounds wliicli suggest angry vehe-
mence, e.g. the lashing of water 1H4 in. i. 43 the
sea That chides the banks, Otli. li. i. 12 The chidden
billow (Q(i chidiiii/).
4 to proclaim with noise H5 n. iv. 125 cares. . . Sliali
chide your trrspass^and return your mock.
chiding' vbl. sb.: brawling or angry noise MND. iv.
i. IJl luvcr did I hear Such nalhuil clmlini/ (of
hounds], AYL. ir. i. 7 chidin;/ of the uinter's irind.
chidingf ppl. a.: brawling, noisy 118 iii. ii. 198 the
cliidinq flood, Troil. ]. iii. 54 (of the tempest). Per.
III. i. 32.
chief: in chief, mainly, principally Mcas. v. i. 214,
2H4 IV. i. 31. Tl Ham. i. iii. 1'^Are most select and
yenerejus, cliief in that (old edd. Are of n most,
Qi (/(nernll, Ff cheff, Qq2— c have a comma at
yenirous; manycohj.: see commentators).
child (fig. uses of the ordinary senses are common)
1 female infant Wint. in. iii. 71 A boy or a chdd,
I wonder; so my child is always used by S. of a
daughter Tp. v. i. 198, Ado iv. i. 77, Lr. iv. vii. 70.
2 youth of noble birth ; used in ballads as a kind of
title Lr. iii. iv. 185 Child Rowland to the dark
toirer came.
child-chang'ed* : (a) changed by the conduct of
his children, (b) changed into a child Lr. iv. vii. 17.
Childed : having children Lr. in. vi. 119 He chddcd
as Ifather'd.
childhood: filial relation Lr. n. iv. 181.
childing': fertile, fruitful MND. ii. i. 112 c. aniunin.
childishness: second childishness, second child-
hood AYL. II. vii. 165.
childness: cliildish humour Wint. i. ii. 170.
chill (Somerset dial., cf. che) : I will Lr. iv. vi. 240.
chimney (obs. use): fireplace Wiv. v. v. 49, 1H4
II. i. 22.
chinks (common Eliz.) : money Rom. i. v. 121.
chip (1 cf. ' Chyp the vpper crust of your brcade '
Andrew Borde's ' Dyetary ', 1542 ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 to pare (bread) by cutting away the crust 2H4 ii.
iv. 258.
2 to hew, hack Troil. v. v. 34.
chips: applied to the keys of a spinet or harpsi-
iliurd Siiim. cxxviii. 10 those dancinq chips.
chirurgeonly adv. (S.) : like a skilled surgeon Tp.
II. i. 1!7.
chivalry (orig. applied to the mounted and fully
armed men-at-arms of the Middle Ages)
1 men-at-arms 2H4 ii. iii. 20 all the chivalrii of
Enyland, H5 I. ii. 157.
2 knightly condition, knighthood 1H4 v. i. 94 a
truant. ..to chivalry, Troil. i. ii. 2i(, the prince of c.
3 bravery or prowess in war R2 i. i. 203 the lictm-'s
chivalry, ii. i. 54 Christian service and true chivalry,
3H6 II. i. 71, Lucr. 109.
4 rank or order of knighthood Per. ii. ii. 29 his
d( rice, a wreath of chivalry.
choice sb. (1, 2, 3 not pre-S.; 4 only S.)
1 abundant and well-chosen supply John ir. i. 72,
lH(i V. V. 17 So full replete with c. of all delii/hts.
2 person or thing chosen Wiv. in. iv. 31 This is iiiij
fathers choice, Wint. V. i. 214, 2H4 I. iii. 87, Tit.
IV. ii. 79.
35 CHOUGH
3 dioice or picked company John li. i. 72 « braver
choice of dauntless spirits.
4 special estimation All'sW. in. vii. 2().
choice adj. : choice spirits 1H6 v. iii. 3, Cies. in. i. 163 ;
a S. expression taken up by modei'ii writers.
choice-drawn : cliosen with special care H5 in.
Prol. 24.
choke (the following are rare in S. ; 3 cf. Matthew
xiii. 22 in the threat Bible of 1539, 'The care of
the worlde, and the dissaytfulnes of riches, choke
vp the worde ')
1 to prevent the free play of Mac. t. ii. 9 As tiro
spent swimmers, that do cling tnycther And choke
their art.
2 to silence, stop the mouth of Shr. ii. 1. 370 have I
chok'd you with an aryosy 1
3 to enclose so as to smother E2 in. iv. 44 Iter fairest
fliiirers chok'd up.
choler (orig. =bile, one of the 'humours'; 1 cf.
'These thynges folowyng do purge color : Fumy-
tory, Centory,worniewod .. . Reuberbe', Andrew
Borde's 'Dyetary', 1542)
1 bilious disorder R2 l. i. 153 Let's pure/e this choler,
Ham. in. ii. 320 : in both passages with quibble
on sense 2.
2 anger (freq.) ; with a pun on ' collar' 1H4 ii. iv.
361, Rom. I. 1. 4.
choleric (3 the usual sense in S.)
1 causing bile Shr. iv. iii. 19 too choleric a meal
(Fi Q choler icke, Ff2 3 4 phlegmaticke).
2 inclined to wrath, irascible Lr. I. i. 302 infirm and
chohric years.
3 angry Meas. ii. ii. 1.30, Cses. rv. iii. 43.
choose (.s])ccial idiomatic uses are)
1 to do as one likes, take one's own course Mer.V,
I. ii. 50 An you will not have me, choose.
2 cannot choose, have no alternative, cannot do
otherwise Tp. i. iL 186, Cor. iv. iii. 39 ; followed
by but Mer.V, iir. i. 123, 2H4 ni. ii. 223, Yen. 79.
3 to choose, to prefer one way or another Wint. iv.
iii. [iv.] 175 not half a kiss to choose.
chop : to thrust with sudden force, ' pop ' R3 i. iv.
161 we will chop him in the malmsey butt (so Qq ;
Ff thi-oiv him into). %A word of the modern
Shropshire dial.; in literary use 1560-1650.
chopine : kind of shoe raised by means of a cork
sole or the like, worn in Spain and Italy, esp. at
Venice, Ham. ii. ii. 455.
chop-log"ic : contentious sophistical arguer Rom.
HI. V. 150 (Qi chop loyicke, but the rest chopl loyic,
which would naturally mean ' sophistical or con-
tentious argument ').
choppingf* : changing the meanings of word E2 v.
iii. 124 The chojipiny French.
choppy : chapped Mac. i. iii. 44.
chops' : = chaps' Lucr. 1452 (mod. edd. chaps).
chops = : jaws Mac i. ii. 22 (Ff) ; person with fat or
bloated cheeks 1H4 i. ii. 150, 2H4 ii. iv. 234.
chorus : the chorus of Attic tragedy (consisting of
a band of interested spectators) was imitated and
adapted by English dramatists, and by S. and
others reduced to a single person, who speaks
tlie prologue and explains or comments upon the
course of events Wint. iv. i. Enter Time, the C,
H5 Prol. 32 Admit me C. to this history, Ham. in.
ii. 259, Phoen. 52 Asc. to their traijir scene ; chorus-
like Ven. 360 And all this dumb play had his acts
madi plain With tears, which, c, her eyes didrain.
chough: applied to the small cliattering species
of the crow family, esp. the jackdaw MND. ni.
ii. 21 russel-patedc-s, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 632, Mac.
III. iv. 125; (hence) as the type of a chatterer Tp.
II. i. 274 A c. of as de(p chat, AU'sW. iv. i. 22 c-'s
lantjuuye, ijabbic enowjh. "^In Lr. iv. vi. 14 per-
CHRISTEN
liaps tlie Cornish cliongh or red-legged crow,
wliich was abundant on the Sussex coast 150
years ago.
christen: Christian lH4it. i. 19 ne'ern king christi n
Ft /(( Christendom), ii. iv. 8 their christen miiiies
v.. Qq: Ff omit).
Christendom (usu. sense ' Christians, or Christian
( oiintrics collectively ')
1 Christianity John rv'. i. 16, H8 i. iii. 15.
2 Christian name All'sW. i. i. 190.
christom child : corruption (by association with
f HuisTEx) of ' chrisom child ' = child in its
chrisom-cloth or christening-robe, innocent babe
H5 II. iii. 12.
chrysolite : name formerly given to several differ-
ent gems of a green colour, as zircon, tourmaline,
topaz, and apatite Otli. v. ii. 143.
chuck: freq.= CHICK LLL. v. i. 120. [244.
chud (Somerset dial., cf. che) : I would Lr. iv. vi.
chu£f : close, avaricious person, esp. one who does
not know how to put his wealth to good u.se 1H4
II. ii. 98.
church: / nm of fl. C, I am a ' churchman,' i. e.
rlergyman Wiv. i. i. 32; cf. the familiar phrase
' to enter the church ' = to take holy orders ; to
(/o to churrli, to be married Ado ii. i. 373 irheii iiiain
1J0H to f/o to church ?, Mer.V. iii. ii. 304, Slir. iii.
ii. 129, Rom. ii. v. 74, iii. v. 1G2 ; so Ado iii. iv.
97 tofitcli you to chttrclt.
chnrch-like : befitting a church or a clergyman
2HC I. i. 248 Whose c. humours fl not for a cromn.
churchman : ecclesiastic, clergyman H8 i. iii. 55.
churl (2 not earlier than the 16th cent.)
1 countrjnnan, peasant, rustic, boor Err. in. i. 24
Good meat . . . is common ; tliateiery churl affords ;
(hence) rude, low-bred fellow Rom. v. iii. 163
churl! drunk all. . .?, Tim. i. ii. 26.
2 miser, niggard Sonn. i. 12 And, tender churl,
nink'st H-iiste in ninyardinii; fig. Ixix. 11.
churlish (4 formerly said also of soil and metal)
1 rude, rough, brutal AYL. v. iv. 81 the ' replij
churlish,' Ham. v. i. 262 churlish priest, Yen. 134.
2 (of beasts, natural objects or agencies) rough,
violent, ' nnkind ' AYL. ii. i. 7 the . . . r. chiding
of the icinters wind (cf. 2H4 i. iii. 62 c. wintir),
H5 IV. i. 15 a churlish turf, Troil. i. ii. 21.
3 niggardly, miserly AYL. ii. iv. 81; sparing of
praise John ii. 1. 519.
4 stiff, hard 1H4 v. i. 16 unknit This churlish knot.
cicatrice: properly -sear Cor. ii. 1. 166; used
loosely = mark, impression AYL. iii. v. 23.
'cide: see side vb. [ii. iii. 72.
Cimmerian : applied to Aaron, the Moor, in Tit.
cincture : see center.
cinders (1 still so used dialectally)
1 ashes (residue of combustion) Tit. ii. iv. 37 burn
the lieart to cinders, 0th. iv. ii. 74, Phoen. 55.
2 embers (pieces of glowing coal) Ant. v. ii. 172 /
shrill show the c. of my spirits Through the ashes of
my chance ; applied to the stars 2H4 IV. iii. 58 tlie
11 lull rs of the element.
cinquepace : kind of lively dance, the steps of
which are supposed to be based on the number
five Ado ii. i. 78, Tw.X. i. iii. 141 (Fi Sinke-n-jmce).
Cinque-ports: group of sea-ports (orig. five)
situated on the S3uth-east coast of England, in
ancient times furnishing the chief part of the
English navy, in return for which they had many
privileges and franchises H8 iv. i. 49; used for
'barons of the Cinque-ports' H8 iv. i. (Order of
the Coronation) A canopy lame by four of the C.
cinque-spotted : liaving five spots Cym. ii. ii. 38.
cipher sb. : zero, usu. in fig. application = nonen-
tity, a mere nothing Mcas. ii. ii. 39, LLL. i. ii. 60,
36 -CITE
AYL. III. ii. 310 ; with lef. to its increasing the
value of figures preceding it Wint. i. ii. & lilt
u c. Vet standing in rich place, H5 Chor. 17 let us,
cijdiers to this great accompt. On your imaginary
forces irork.
cipher vb. (1 common Ellz. ; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 to show forth, express Lucr. 207 7'of. me how fondly
I did dote, 1396 The face of either c-'d either's heart.
2 to decipher Lucr. 811 To cipher what is writ.
Circe: enchantress of the island of Aea, who trans-
formed all who drank of her cup into swine Err.
v. i. 271, lH6v. iii. 35.
circle (3 in use 1400-1070 ; 4 only S.)
1 ring used as a figure in magic AYL. n. v. 60 n
Greek invocation to call fools into a circle, H5 v. ii.
318, Rom. II. i. 24.
2 crown, diadem John v. 1. 2, Ant. iii. x. [xii.] 18.
3 circuit, compass AYL. v. iv. 34 in the circle of this
forest, John v. ii. 136 the circle of his territories.
4 come full circle, turned quite round Lr. v. iii. 176 :
for the general sense cf. Tw.N. v. i. 389.
circled: rounded, circular Rom. ii. ii. 110 the . . .
moon, Tliat monthly changes in her circled orb,
Lucr. 1229^ '//«« int Her circled eyne.
circuit: circlet, diadem (S.) 2H6 in. i. 3.52 thegoUh u
circuit on my head ; cf. 3H() I. ii. 30.
circummur'd (not pre-S.) : walled round Meas. iv.
i. 30 (( garden circumnntr'd witli brick.
circtimstance (1, 4 the commoner S. senses)
1 attendant fact or 'adjunct' of an action: e.g.
time, place, manner, &c. amid which it takes
place Meas. iv. ii. I<i8 neither in time, mattir, nr
other c, Tw.N. in. iv. 90, v. i. 261, 1H6 in. i. 152,
Ham. in. ii. 81 ; pi. R3 in. vii. 175 All circum-
stances irell considered, Lucr. 1262.
2 adjuncts of a fact wliich are evidence oneway or
another Wint. v. ii. 34 3Iost true, if ever truth
were pregnant bye. Ham. n. ii. 157, 0th. m. iii.
401 strong circumstances, Which lead directly to the
door of truth ; circumstantial evidence R3 i. ii.
77 Of these supposed ails, to give me leave. By cir-
cumstance, but to acquit myself.
3 condition, state of affairs Gent. i. i. 37 (quib-
blingly). Ham. i. iii. 102 Unsifted in such penlojtsc.
4 detailed and (hence) circuitous narration or dis-
course ; (hence, collect, sing, and pi.) details, par-
ticulars fTcnt. III. ii. 36, Err. v. i. 16 With c. and
oaths, Ado in. ii. 105* c-s shortened, Mer.V. i. i. 155
To wind about my love tcith c, AYL. v. iv. lOO
with c. (=indirectly), Shr. iv. ii. 120, Rom. ii. v.
36, V. iii. 181 without c. ( = without further de-
tails). Ham. v. ii. 2, Cjin. ii. iv. 61 ; detaile I
proof or inference Gent. i. i. 36, 84.
5 ceremony, formality Shr. v. i. 28, "Wint. v. i. 90
his apjiroach So out of circumstance ( = uncere-
monious). Ham. I. v. 127 without more c. at all,
Otli. ni. iii. 355 Pride, pomp, and c. of glorious war
(=ceremonious ostentation).
6 subordinate or secondary matter 0th. in. iii. 16 ;
bn c-(.s), as a mere contingency, by accident
AVint. III. ii. 18, 2H6v. ii. 39.
circumstanc'd : subject to, or governed by, cir-
cumstances (S.) 0th. III. iv. 200. ■ [100)
circumstantial (1 cf. circumstance 4, AY'L. v. iv.
1 in(liic( t AYL. v. iv. 86 the ' lie circumstantial'.
2 detailed Cym. v. v. 384 circumstantial branches.
circumvention : means or power of circumvent-
ing Cor. I. ii. 6*.
cital* : (a) mention, citation, (b) impeachment 1H4
V. ii. 61 He made a blushing cital of himself.
cite (1 occurs once ; 3 twice,' 5 onlyS.)
1 to summon to appear in court H8 iv. i. 29.
2 to call, arouse, excite Gent. n. iv. 86, 2H6 in. ii.
281, 3H6 II. i. 34, Pilgr. xiv. 15 [195J.
CITIZEN— 37
:( to quote Mer.Y. i. iii. 99 The Jitil cun citi Scrip-
titrtfor his piirposf, Troil. ill. ii. 188.
4 to call to mind, make mention of Gent. rv. i. 53,
H5 V. ii. 70, Tit. v. iii. 117 ; with vp R:? i. iv. 14
ire . . . cited iip (C tlioumnd liearij times, Lucr. hli
till/ tirspnss cited up in rimes.
5 to bespeak, be evidence of AU'sW. i. iii. 218
Wliose ae/cd honour cites ei virtuous youth.
Citizen adj. (S.): citj'-bred Cym. rv. ii. 8.
city r2 after Greek 'polls', Latin 'civitas')
1 /lie City - London 3H6 i. i. 67.
_' sflf-governing city or state Cor. iii. i. 199.
:', tiir. = maiden innocence AH'sAV. i. i. 139, Lucr.
4ij9, Compl. 176.
city -woman : citizen's wife AYL. ii. vii. 75.
civet: perfume derived from the civet eat AYL.
HI. ii. 70 civet . . . the very uncleanly flux of a cut,
Lr. IV. vi. 133 an ounce of civet.
civil (freq. in collocations referring to civil war,
e.g. c. arms R2 in. iii. 102, c. nounds i. iii. 128 ;
1 rare in S.; 2 not pre-S. ; the sense of 'well-
mannered, polite' MND. iii. ii. 147 comes partly
out of sense 2 ; in Ado n. i. 306 there is a pun
on 'Seville ')
1 of or belonging to citizens Rom. Prol. 4 Where
ciu'l blooel makes civil hands unclean.
2 having proper public or social order, well-
governed, orderly Gent. v. iv. 156, 2H4 ly. i. 42,
H5 I. ii. 199, Ant. v. i. 16 civil streets.
3 pertaining to civil law Mer. V. v. i. 210 a c. doctor*.
Civility: civilization Mer. V. ii. ii. 210*.
clack-dish: wooden dish with a lid carried by
beggars and ' clacked ' to attract attention Meas.
in. ii. 139.
claim : to demand the fulfilment of (a promise)
Gent. IV. iv. 94, R3 in. i. 197.
clamour: din (as of guns)3H0 v. ii. 44 like a cla-
mour in a vault (Ff Cannon).
Clamour : (?) to silence (the tongue) Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 250 c. your tonf/ues, and not a icord more.
•j Said to be a metapiior from bell-ringing.
clangor (not pre-S.): loud resonant ringing sound
3HG II. iii. 18 Like to a dismal clanf/or.
clap sb. : at a clap, at one stroke Lri i. iv. 318.
clap (sense ' to clap hands, applaud ' is not pre-S.;
3 is the usual S. sense ; 'to tap, pat' also occurs)
1 clap to, shut smartly 1H4 ii. iv. 309, Cor. i. iv. 51.
2 to strike (hands) reciprocally in token of a bar-
gain H5 v. ii. 134 and so c. hands and a bargain :
lience apparently the use in AVint. I. ii. 104 Ere I
could make thee open thy uhite hand And clap thy-
self my love ; so c. up, settle (a bargain) hastily
Shr. II. i. 319 Was ever match clapp'd up so sud-
denly ?, John ni. i. 235.
3 to put or set smartly or vigorously Wiv. ii. ii.
144 C. on more sails, R2 in. ii. 114, Rom. in. i. 6
c-s me his sword upon the table, Ant. in. viii. [x.]
29 ; absol. 2H4 in. ii. 51 a' ivould have clapped [viz.
an an-ow] t' the clout. [17.
4 c. lip, put in prison 2H6 i. iv. 53 ; fig. Ant. iv. ii.
5 to impose (fines) H8 v. iv. 86.
6 to enter into brisklj^, strike into (a song) Meas.
IV. iii. 44, AYL. v. iii. 12 a song . . . Shedl we clap
into 't roundly'!
clapper-claw: to maul, thrash, drub "Wiv. ii. iii.
67 ; fig. Troil. v. iv. 1 tliey are c-imj one another,
[Epist. (Qi) A new play . . . ncuer cluppercland with
the palmes of the vulgar].
Clare : totarisis of Saint Clare, order of nuns, called
Poor Clares and Minoresses, instituted by St.
Clare at Assisi in the 13th cent., Meas. i. iv. 5.
claret wine [Fr. ' vin clairet']; light-red wine
2H6 IV. vi. 4. ^ The name ' claret ' was orig. op-
posed to ' white ' and to ' red ', but in time became
-CLEW
transferred to red wines (now, these from
Bordeaux).
claw (3 the fuller phrase was ' to claw a person's
ears, senses, humour,' &c.)
1 to seize, grip Ham. v. i. 78 age . . . Hath claw'dme
in his clutch.
2 to scratch gently or soothingly 2H4 n. iv. 282 his
poll clawed like a parrot.
3 to flatter, cajole Ado i. iii. 19 and claw no wan in
his humour ; cf. LLL. IV. ii. 66.
clay : freq. applied to that of which men and mortal
tilings are made or to which they will return.
clay-brained: clod-pat«d, stupid 1H4 n. iv. 255.
cleanly adv. (obsolete uses)
1 completely, quite Yen. 694 till they have singled
. . . the cold fault cleanly out.
2 cleverly, adroitly Tit. n. i. 94 struck a doe, And
borne her cleanly by the keeper's nose, Lucr. 1073
cleanly-ciiin'd (xcusis.
clean-timbered : clean-limbed LLL. v. ii. 639.
clear adj. (senses now obs. or archaic)
1 bright, fully light Meas. IV. ii. 227 clear dawn,
H8 I. i. 226 my clear sun. Yen. 860.
2 (of looks) serene, cheerful MND. in. ii. 60, Slir. ii.
i. 173, Wint. i. ii. 343 a countenance asc. As friend-
ship wears; as adv. Mac. i. v. 72 Only look up c.
3 glorious, illustrious Mer.Y. ii. ix. 42 that clear
honour, Lr. iv. vi. 74 the clearest goels, Lucr. 11.
4 unspotted, unstained, innocent Tp. in. iii. 82,
Wiv. III. iii. 12i If you know yourself clear, Mac.
I. vii, 18 So clear in his great office, ll. i. 28, Ant.
V. ii. 121, Per. i. i. 141, rv. vi. 116.
clear vb. (the less common senses are the foil.)
1 to get (any one) clear of a place Wint. i. ii. 430
I will . . . Clear them o' the city.
2 to settle (aft'airs) AYL. i. i. 181 this wrestler shall
clear all, Wint. iii. i. 18 clear or end tlie business.
3 to get rid of, cancel (debts) Mer.Y. in. ii. 320 all
debts are c-ed between you and I, Wint. I. ii. 74 the
imposition c-'d ; also to set (a pei-son) free from
debt Tim. n. ii. 236 I clear d him icith fire talents.
clearly : entirely, completely Tw.N. v. i. 292 ; John
HI. iv. 122* In this uiiich he accounts so c. won (or
? manifestly, evidently), v. v. 7" And wound our
lot/eriiii/ loloiirs clemli/ up (or ? stainlessly).
clearness : freedum fruni suspicion Mac. in. i. 1.33'.
clearstories: see clerestorv.
cleave : to split ; pa. t. cUfl Wint. in. ii. 197, 3H6
I. i. 12, clove Lr. i. iv. 176 ; pa. pple. cleft Gent. v.
iv. 103, cloven (always qualifying a sb., e.g. Tp.
I. ii. 277 (( cloven pine).
clef (old edd. cliff) : key in music Shr. in. i. 78 '7)
solre,' oneclef, two neJtes have I ; fig. Troil. v. ii. 11
any man may sing her, if he can take her cliff {Ft
find her. . . her life).
cleft: divided, twofold Compl. 293.
clepe : to call LLL. v. i. 24, Mac. in. i. 94 {FTclipt),
Ham. I. iv. 19 ; cf. yclept.
clerestory : upper part of the nave, dioir, and
transepts of a large church lying above the tri-
forium (or the nave arches) containing windows
admitting light to the central parts of the build-
ing ; also applied to similar features in other
buildings Tw.N. iv. ii. 42 (Fi cleere stores, Ff2 3 4
dearie stones, mod. edd. clearstories).
clerk (archaic sense) : man of learning, scholar
MND. V. i. 93. H8 11. ii. 92*, Per. v. Gower 5 Deep
clerks she dumbs.
clerk -Uke : in a scliolarly way Wint. i. ii. 392.
clerkly adj. : scholarly, book-learned Wiv. rv. v. 58.
clerkly adv. : in a scholarly manner Gent. n. i. 119,
2H6 III. i. 179 ii/nominio^ts words, though c. couch'd.
clew: ball of tliread All's W. i. iii. 190 you have
wmind a goodly clew (fig.).
CLIPP -
38
- COACH-PZ:i.X.OW
cliff: see clef.
climate sb. : fonnerly used = region, countiy,
' tliiiie ', without ret. to climatic conditions K2
IV. i. 130 in a Christian climate, Cfes. i. iii. 32.
climate vb. (S.): to dwell in a particular region or
' clime,' reside AVint.v. i. MQuhihtymiDoc. here.
climature: (?) region (S.) Ham. i. i. 125 (Qo).
climb (obs. sense) : to reach by climbing, Gent. ii.
iv. 182 c. her wiudoic, iii. i. 115, Rom. il. v. 76 c.
a biril's nest ; fig. Tim. i. i. 77 To c. his happiness.
Cling' : to pinch with hunger Mac. v. v. 40.
clinquant : glittering H8 i. i. 19 Alt c, all in yokl.
clip (3 is tlie prevailing use)
1 to cut Per. V. iii. 74 cli/i to form.
2 to curtail, abbreviate LLL. v. ii. 600 Judas Mac-
cahms dipt is plain Judas, Lr. rv. vii. 6 Xor more
nor clipp'iJ, but so.
3 to emltiaoc, surround John v. ii. 34 Neptune's
arms, irho clijipdh tine about, 1H4 lli. i. 44 rlipp'd
in nilh the sia, 2H6 iv. i. 6 (Ff Cleap(c), 0th. in.
iii. 465, Ant. v. ii. 360, Cym. ii. iii. 139.
clipper : one who mutilates current coin by frau-
dulently paring the edges H5 iv. i. 249 (allusive
passage).
clip-winged (S.): having the wings clipped 1H4
III. i. 151 .1 clip-ii'inifd ijriffin.
cloak-bag: portmanteau Cym. iii. iv. 172; fig.
1H4 II. iv. 503 that staffed eloali-hay o/i/uts.
clock sb.: tieixt c. a)al c'., between the striking of
one hour and another; tell the c, count the
strokes of the clock Tp. ll. i. 297, R3 v. iii. 277.
clock vb. : to cluck Cor. v. iii. 163. TJ ' To cUuke,
or clocke, as a Henne,' Cotgr.
clock-setter : one who attends to and regulates
decks .Tdhn III. i. 324 Old Time the clock-setter.
clodpole: blockhead Tw.N. iii. iv. l11.
cloistress iS.): nun Tw.N. i. i. 28.
close sb.' [OFr. ' clos ', from Latin ' clausum 'J: en-
closure Tim. V. i. 210 a tree which ijrows here in
my close.
close sb.= (from the vb. close ; 2 and 3 not pre-S.)
1 conclusion of a piece of music, cadence K2 ii. i.
12 music at the c. (Qi), H5 I. ii. 182 Comjreeing in
a full and natural close, Like iiiusic.
2 union Gent. v. iv. 117, Tw.X. v. i. 162 the holy
close of lips.
3 close encounter, grapple 1H4 i. i. 13 tlie intestine
sliock And furious close of civil butchery.
close adj. and adv. (uses not now general)
1 enclosed, shut up, shut in, confined Gent. in. i.
236 c. prison (hence c. prisoner 0th. v. ii. 334),
MND. nr. ii. 7, Wint. rv'. iii. [iv.] 503, R3 iv. ii.
52 / uill take order for her keepiny c, H8 v. iv. 31,
Rom. nr. ii. 5 thy c. curtain, Lucr. 367.
2 free from obsei-vation, concealed, secret 2H6 n.
iv. 74 c. dealing, R3 I. i. 157 secret c. intent, Tim.
IV. iii. 143, Ham. n. i. 118 which, hciny kept c;
often in phrase stand c. Ado in. iii. 113, 3H6 iv.
V. 17, Mac. V. i. 23, also absol. Tw.N. n. v. 23
close ( = be still) ; used adverbially = secretly Shr.
Ind. 1. 127 171 a napkin heinj close convey'd, 1H6 i.
iv. 9. close entrencli'd.
3 practising secrecy, uncommunicative, not open
Meas. IV. iii. 127 In your close patience, John iv.
ii. 72 thai close aspect of his, 1H4 ii. iii. 115 Xo lady
closer, Mac. in. v. 7 close contriver of all harms,
Cym. nr. v. 85 Close villiiin.
close vb. (often used where ' enclose ' would now
be usual, e.g. Lucr. 761 Some purer chest to close
s(/ pure a lutml)
1 to'j.jin (hands) John ii. i. 533, Rom. ii. vi. 6.
2 to be united, meet H5 i. ii. 210 many lin(s close
in the dial's Centre, Mac. in. ii. 14 Hht'U close and
be herself.
3 to grapple 1H4 nr. ii. 133, 2H4 n. i. 21.
4 to come to terms, agree Gent. n. v. 13, Wint. iv.
iii. [iv.] 834, 2H4 ii. iv. 358, Cses. ni. i. 202, Ham.
II. i. 45 He c-s with you in this consequence ; to take
a lower stand, ' climb down ' Meas. v. i. 341.
closely (obs. in both S. uses)
1 in close confinement Shr. i. i. 187 closely mew'd
Iter up, R3 i. i. 38.
2 secretly, covertly, privately LLL. iv. iii. 137 c.
shrouded in this bush, R3 in. i. 159, Rom. v. iii.
255 Meaniny to keep her closely at my cell. Ham. in.
i. 29 ((f hate closely sent for Hamlet hither.
closeness : retirement, seclusion Tp. i. ii. 90.
closet (1 is freq. ; also fig. Lucr. 1659, Sonn. xlvi. 6)
1 private room, spec, private apartment of a mon-
arch or potentate John iv. ii. 267, H5 v. ii. 210,
Coes. n. i. 35.
2 private repository or cabinet for papers Cajs. in.
ii. 135, Mac. v. i. 6 unlock her closet, take forth
paper, Lr. in. iii. 12.
close-tongxi'd (S.) : uncommunicative Lucr. 770.
closure (2 not recorded before S.)
1 enclcjsure, bound, limit R3 in. iii. 10 'Within the
yuUty closure of thy undls. Yen. 782 titc quiet
closure of my breast, Sonn. xlviii. 11.
2 conclusion, end Tit. v. iii. 134.
cloth (3 in use about 1450-1650)
1 haiulkerchief, napkin 3H6 i. iv. 157, Cviu. v. i. 1,
Per. in. ii. 87.
2 dress, livery Cym. n. iii. 128 a hildiny for u
liiery, a se/uire's cloth.
3 painted cloth, hanging for a room painted or
worked with figures or mottoes, tapestry LLL.
v. ii. 577, Troil. v. x. 47, Lucr. 245.
Clothair, Clotharius: one of tlie French kings
of the Merovingian dynasty H5 i. ii. 67 ; as a
type of antiquity H8 i. iii. 10.
clotpoll, -pole: (a pei-son's) 'thick' head Cym.
IV. ii. 184 5 blockhead, dolt = clodpole Troil. ii.
i. 128, Lr. I. iv. 51 (Qq clatpole). ^'Clat' is
a wide-spread dial, form (= clod of earth), by the
side of ' clot ' and ' clod '.
cloud sb. : dark spot on tho face of a horse (used
punningly) Ant. in. ii. 51.
cloud vb. : recorded first from S. in senses ' to over-
spread with gloom or sorrow ' 3H6 iv. i. 74, ' cast
a slur upon, asperse' Wint. i. ii. 280, ' to become
gloomy ' LLL. v. ii. 729.
cloudy : chiefly fig. =gloomy, sullen Mac. iii. vi. 41.
clout (1 see also babe of clouts)
1 piece of cloth, rag R3 i. iii. 177, Rom. ii. iv. 221
as pale as any c, Ham. n. ii. 537, Ant. iv. vii. 6'.
2 square piece of canvasat the archei-y butts, which
was the mark aimed at LLL. iv. i. 138, 2H4 in.
ii. 52 (see clap vb. 3), Lr. iv. vi. 94.
clouted^ : (a) patched, (b) studded with heavy nails
2H6 IV. ii. 199 clouted shoon, Cym. iv. ii. 214 My
clouted broyues.
cloy : (?) to claw Cym. v. iv. 118 cloys his leak.
cloyless (S.)-. that does not satiate Ant. ii. i. 25.
cloyment (S.): satiety Tav..N. n. iv. 101 surfeit, c.
club: lH6i. iii. 85 I'll call for clubs {^VU sinnmun
assistance), H8 v. iv. 54, Tit. n. i. 37, Rom. i. i.
79. 11 'Prentices and clubs' was the rallying
cry of the London ajiprentices.
cluck : in mod. edd. for clock vb. Cor. v. iii. 163.
clue : see clew.
clusters: crowds, mobs Cor. iv. vi. 123, 129 Here
come the clusters; so clust'ring, thronged 1H6
IV. vii. 13 the clusl'rint/ battle of the French.
clutch : to clench (the hand) Meas. in. ii. 51, John
n. i. 589 //(((It the poHer to clutch my liand.
coach-fellow : horse yoked in the same carriage
with another, fig. couiiianioii, mate Wiv. n. ii. 8.
CO- ACT —
co-act: to act together Troil. v. ii. 115.
co-active : acting in concert luith Wint. i. ii. 142.
coal (the following are special uses)
1 dead cualis, cinder(s, charreti fuel Wint. v. i. (J8,
fig. John V. ii. 83 tlie dead coal of mas ; (lience,
sing.) aslies Cor. iv. vi. l:J8.
2 carry coals, do dirty worlc, (hence) submit to
insult H5 m. ii. 51 / kuiw by that puce o/ xtnkc
the men would carry coals, Rom. i. i. 2.
coarse (once in S.) : inferior H8 iii. ii. 240.
coarsely (once in y.) : sliglitingly, meanly AlI'sW.
iir. V. 67 Reports hut coarsely of Iter.
coast (2 old edd. cost, wliicli some take to be the
verb ' cost ' = cause the loss of)
1 to go a roundabout way, travel circuitously Err.
I. i. 134 And, c-inn lioimward, came to Epliesus,
H8 111. ii. 38 liow lie c-s And /(edges liis own way ;
to malce progress against obstacles Yen. 870 all in
haste she coasteth to tlie cry.
2 to assail, attack 3H6 i. i. 268 \Yhose hauyhty spirit
. . . Wdl coast my crown.
coasting*: (a) accosting (cf. coast 2) ; (b) hesitating
approach of a suitor (cf. coast 1) Troil. iv. v. 5'J
Thalyiie acoastiny {uccostiwji) welcome ere it comes.
coat (the ordinary sense, with proverbial phrases
pertaining to it, is common Wiv. iil. v. 147 there's
a hole made in your best coat, H5 in. vi. 'J2, Otli.
I. i. 53 when they haie lined their coats ; be in (a
person's) coat, stand in his shoes Tw.N. iv. i. 33)
1 =coat of arms, or coat-armour Wiv. i. i. 17, &c.
MND. III. ii. 213, K2 in. i. 24, 1H4 iv. ii. 49 <i
herald's coat ; fig. Compl. 2'iiCy s/iirils of richest coal .
2 = coat of mail K2 i. iii. 75, 1H4 iv. i. 100.
CoMoaf: 'little loafe made witli a round head'
(Miiisheu 1617) Troil. ii. i. 41.
cock ' (the foil, senses occur each onco)
1 weather-cock l.r. in. ii. 3. [Tim. ii. ii. 172'.
2 spout or pipe to let out liquor, tap (in fig. phrase)
3 in fire-arms, part of the mechanism for discharg-
ing the piece H5 it. i. 55.
cock^ : small ship's boat, cockboat Lr. iv. vi. 20.
cock^ : perversion of ' God ' in oaths Shr. iv. i. 121
Cock's jiassion. Ham. iv. v. 02 By Cock ; also cock
and pie Wiv. i. i. 319, in wliich ' pie ' is com-
monly taken to be the word meaning ' directory
of divine service'.
cock-a-hoop: setc.*, orig. = to drink without stint,
make good elieer recklessly, (hence) to cast off
all restraint, give the rem to disorder, set all by
the e:»is Rom. i. v. 85.
cockatrice : =basilisk 1, Rom. in. ii. 47 the deatli-
iliirtini/ eye of cockatrice.
cocker'd: indulged, pampered John v. i. 70.
cockle' : prob. darnel, Loliuni temulentum (the
' tares ' of Matthew xiii. 25) LLL. iv. iii. 383
Sow'd cockle reap'd no corn ; fig. Cor. in. i. 69 The
cockle of rebellion.
cockle^ : applied to any bivalve shell, esp. that of
the scallop Shr. iv. iii. 66, Per. TV. iv. 2 Sail seas
in c-s : cockle hat, liat with a scallop-shell stuck
in it, worn by pilgrims as a sign of their having
been to the shrine of St. Jamesof Compostellain
Sjiain Ham. iv. v. 25 (quoting an old ballad).
cockled: liaving a shell (S.)' LLL. iv. iii. 338
iiickhd snails.
cockney : eft'eminate or foppish fellow Tw.N. iv. i.
15 / am afraid this great lubber, the world, will
prove a cockney ; squeamish woman Lr. ii. iv. 123.
cockpit: properly, enclosed place for fighting-
cocks, transf. applied to a theatre H5 Prol. 11.
cock-shut tune'* : evening twilight, (a) time when
woodcocks were caught in nets as they ' shot '
through the glades of the woods ; (b) time at
which poultiy are shut up R3 v. iii. 70.
39 ^; - COI.I.IED
cock-sure: perfectly secm-e or safe 1H4 ii. i. 95
We steal as in a castle, cock-sure. ^ The modern
senses are post-S. [236.
Cocytus : river of the infernal regions Tit. ii. iii.
codding : (?) lustful Tit. v. i. 99.
codling": immature or half-grown apple Tw.N. i.
v. 108 a c. when, 'tis almost an appU.
cod-piece: part of male attire made indelicately
conspicuous in S. 's time ; tig. in Meas. in. ii. 124.
coliin : pic-crust Tit. v. ii. 189 of the paste a c. I will
rear. Cf. clstard-coffin.
cog (1, 2 common Eliz. ; 3 notpre-S.)
1 to employ fraud or deceit, cheat Ado v. i. 95,
LLL. V. ii. 236, R3 i. iii. 48, Tim. v. i. 100, Otli.
IV. ii. 132.
2 to use flattery, fawn Wiv. in. iii. 76.
3 to wheedle (a thing) from a person Cor. in. ii. 133.
cognition : knowledge, consciousness Troil. v.
ii. 61 cognition of what I feci.
cognizance: mark or token by which a thing is
known 1H6 ii. iv. 108 c. of my blood-drinkiuq
hale, Cym. n. iv. 127 The c. of her incontiiiincy;
transf. from the proper liLialdic .sense of 'device
or emblem worn by retainers', which occurs in
Coes. n. ii. 89 relicx, and co(/iiizancc.
cohere: to agree {with) Meas. ii. i. 11, Tw.N. v. i.
2(12 ; so coherence, agreement 2H4 v. i. 72 ;
coherent, in accordance AUsW. in. vii. 39.
cohort : band of soldiers Lr. i. ii. 167 (Qq).
coif: see cjuoif.
coign : corner-stone Cor. v. iv. 1 (Ff Co/h), Per. in.
Prol. 17 ; c. of vantage, position (properly, a pro-
jecting coiner) affording facility for observation
or action Mac. i. vi. 7.
coilikept a coil*, in F., acoyle, bustled about, pestered
All'sW. II. i. 27 : see a'3)
1 noise, disturbance Err. in. i. 48.
2 fuss, to-do Ado in. iii. 99, Jcibn n. i. 165 ; mortal
coil, bustle or turmoil of tills mortal life Ham. in.
i. 67 Whin we hate shufflid off this mortal coil.
coistrel: knave, base fellow Tw.N. i. iii. 4', (Fi
Coyslrill), Per. iv. vi. 181 (Qqi23 custerell).
Colhrand : Danish giant in ancient legend John i.
i. 225, H8 v. iv. 23.
cold sb.: coldness H8 iv. ii. 98 of an earthy cold.
cold adj. (5 the meaning is Somewhat doubtful)
1 delibeiato, cool 2114 in. ii. 136 a c. soldier, v. ii.
98 c. ciiiisidininK, Cym. ii. iii. 2 the most coldest
[man] that eier tumid up ace.
2 devoid of sensual heat, chaste Tp. iv. i. 66 cold
nymphs, MND. i. i. 73, Kam. iv. vii. 172, Cym. v.
v. 182, Comp!. 293 cold modesty.
3 gloomy, dispirited, hopeless AU'sW. ii. i. 147
Where hope is coldest, 1H.4 ii. iii. 35 cold heart, 2H4
V. ii. 31, 3H6 in. ii. 133. [535.
4 chilling, damping 2H6 in. i. 86 C. news, R3 iv. iv.
5 without power to move or influence Gent. iv. iv.
188, Mer.V. il. vii. 73 your suit is cold.
6 (of scent) not strong, faint Tw.N. ii. v. 136 at a
c. scent, Yen. 694 the c. fault ; cf. Wint. ii. i. 150.
coldly : calmly, tranquilly, coolly Err. v. i. 273,
Ado lu. ii. 134, John n. i. 53 We coldly pause for
thic, Kom. III. i. 57 ; lightly, with inditt'erence
Ham. IV. iii. 65.
cold-n^oving: frigid, distant Tim. n. ii. '222 c. nods.
collateral: indirect All'sW. i. i. 100, Ham iv. v.206.
coUeagued: allied Ham. i. ii. 21.
collect : to gather (information), deduce, infer 2H6
in. i. 35, H8 i. ii. 130, in. ii. 295 the articles
Ciilhrtid from his life.
collection: inference, deduction Ham. iv. v. 9, v.
ii. 199, Cym. v. v. 433 I can Make no c. of it.
collied: blackened, darkened MND. i. i. 145 the c.
night, Otli. ii.iii. 'Zi)8 my best judgement c. (Qq cooW).
COI.I.OP —
40
- COMMANDMENT
collop : slice of meat ; applied to offspring (IGtli c.
use) AViiit. I. ii. 138, 1H6 v. iv. 18.
Colme-kill : lona, Mac. n. iv. 33.
coloqtiintida : the colocynth oi- bitter-apple,
C'itriilUis Colocviitliis, which furnishes a purga-
tive drug Otli. i. iii. 356.
Colossus: bronze statue of Apollo of enormous
size, one of the seven wonders of the world,
reputed to have stood astride the entrance to the
liarbour of Rhodes, Cses. i. ii. 135 he doth bestride
the narrow world like a Colossus ; hence colossus-
wise Troil. v. v. 9.
colour sb. (after the literal sense ami sense 1, 4 is
the most freq. in S.; the word easily lends itself
to quibbling ; of doubtful place is All'sW. ir. v.
65 holds not colour irith = is not in keeping with)
1 pi. militai-y ensigns (freq.); phr. fear no c-s, fear
no enemy, have no fear Tw.N. i. v. C, 2H4 v. v.
94; inuhr her colours, in her party, led by lier
Cym. I. iv. 21.
2 appearance, semblance 1H6 ii. iv. 34 without all
colour Of. . .flalterij, Ham. in. iv. 129.
3 general ' complexion ' or tone, character, kind
AYL. I. ii. 108-9 Sport! Of what c.?, Lr. ii. ii. 145
n fellow of the self-same colour (Qq nature).
4 pretext, pretence Gent. iv. ii. 3 Under the c. of
couimendiwi him, 2H4 v. v. 91, (with quibble) 1H6
II. iv. 34, 2H6 III. i. 236, Cues. ii. i. 29, Ant. i. iii.
32 seek no colour for yoiir ijoiny, Lucr. 267.
5 allcgeable ground or reas'on, excuse 2H4 i. ii. 280
I have the wars for my colour, Cym. iir. i. 61 against
all colour ( = iii opposition to all reason).
colour vb. (2 cf COLOUR sb. 4)
1 to dye Shr. i. i. 211, iv. i. 137, Wint. iv. ii. [iii.]
49, Cym. v. i. 2.
2 to give a specious appearance to, gloss, disguise
Meas. II. i. 237, 1H4 i. iii. 109, Ham. ii. ii. 296,
HI. i. 45 TItat show of such em exercise may colour
Your loialiness.
colourable : specious, plausible LLL. iv. ii. 158.
colour'd: dei)icted in colour, painted Lucr. 1497
jinicifd p(iisir(juss and colour'el sorroip.
coltsb.: youiifi inexperienced fellow Mer.V. i. ii. 43.
colt vb.:'to befool 1H4 ii. ii. 43. ^1 In use 1580-1620.
co-mart (Qq) : Ham. i. i. 93 (Ff Cou'nant).
coiubat: always = figlit between two, duel, e.g.
Ham. I. i. 84; siwjle combat 1H6 i. ii. 95, 2HCi.
iii. 212, personal combat Ant. iv. i. 3. [230.
combinate : betrothed, affianced (S.) Meas. in. i.
combination: agreement, treaty, alliance (S.)
Tw.N. v. i. 395, H8 i. i. 169 The articles o' the
combination. Ham. lii. iv. 60.
combined: tied, bound (S.) Meas, r\'. iii. 153 coiif-
b/iied by a S(ured row ; cf. AYL. v. iv. 157 Thy faith
tini fancfi in Hue doth combine.
combustions: combustible (S.) Ven. 1162.
com.e (1 is f]e(|iu-nt=come to be)
1 to iHtdine MND. II. ii. 92, Ham. v. i. 170 How
came he mad ?
2 phrases : c. from thy ward, leave thy posture of
defence Tp. i. ii. 468 ; He's cominy, he begins to
relent Meas. ii. ii. 125 ; c. to it, reached the age
of puberty, attained full age 2H4 in. ii. 273, Troil.
I. ii. 89; came to himself, recovered consciousness
Ctes. I. ii. 271 ; c. home, to come away from its
hold, so as to drag AVint. l. ii. 214 ; c. short, to
fall .short {of) Meas. v. i. 214, Ado in. v. 45, Ham.
IV. vii. '.0, Sonn. Ixxxiii. 7 ; similarly Ham. in.
ii. 29 this overdone, or come tardy off, Lr. I. iii. 10
If you come slack of former services.
come about, (1) to veer round Mer.V. ii. vi. 64 the
■wind is c. abend, (2) to turn out to be true Kom. i.
iii. 45 how a jest shall c. about ; come behind
for the purpose of attacking 2H6 iv. vii. 87 ;
come by, to get hold of, become possessed of
(freq.) Tp. n. i. 300, Mer.V. i. ii. 9, C*s. n. i. 259 ;
come forth, to be published Tim. i. i. 26 ; come
in, (1) to make a pass or liome-tlirust, get within
tlie opponent's guard 1H4 n. iv. 245, 2H4 in. ii.
306 ; (2) to give in, yield, relent John v. ii. 70 ;
come near (see near) ; come off, (1) to escape,
get clear (freq.) ; to leave the field of combat,
retire from an engagement Jolni v. v. 4, H5 in.
vi. 79, Cor. i. vi. 1 we are c. off Like Bomans ; (2) to
come to the issue, turn out Meas. ii. i. 58, Tim.
I. i. 30 ; (3) to pay, disburse Wiv. iv. iii. 12 I II
metke them pay... they must c. off; come over,
(1) to surpass Ado v. ii. 7 In so hif/h a style . . .
that no man living shall c. over it ; (2) to come as
an overshadowing or overmastering influence,
take possesion of (fig.) H5 i. ii. 267, 0th. iv. i. 20
it c-s o'er my memory ; (3) to liglit upon Tim. in.
ii. 86 Nejr came any of his bounties over me ; come
up, (1) to take rise, come into fashion 2H6 1 v. i i. 1 1
since ijentlemenceitnenp; (2) to rise /o Wint. ii. i.
192 ; come upon, to approach Troil. iv. iii. '.itlie
liour . . . Comes fast upon.
comeddle : to mix Ham. iii. ii. 74 (Qq com{m)edled,
Ff co-inine/led, mod. edd. cotnmine/led).
comely : fittingly Compl. 65 comeiy-disfant.
comfort: used as interj. (S.)=cheer up, take heart
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 854 C., good c, John m. iv. 4,
R2 III. ii. 75, E3 li. ii. 89, Ant. in. vi. 89 Best of
c. ! \—what c.?=wliat cheer? Meas. iii. i. 53, R2
II. i. 72 ; — lutve c, be of {i/ooel) c, be of good cheer
Tp. I. ii. 492, Tw.N. in.' iv. 375, John v. iii. 9, v.
vii. 25.
comfort vb. (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 to minister relief to, relieve LLL. iv. ii. 44,
Wint. II. iii. 56 in c-ing your evils. Tit. ii. iii. 209
comfort me, and help nie oat, Lr. iii. v. 21.
2 to take comfort, be consoled AYL. ii. vi. 5,
Ant. I. ii. 175.
comfortable (2 was a common Eliz. sense)
1 affording comfort, consolation, or help All'sW.
I. i. 87 He c. to my mother, Rom. v. iii. 148, Lr. i.
iv. 3.30 kind and c; of things Tw.N. i. v. 240, R2
II. ii. 76c. words, Lr. ir. ii. 171, Lncr. 164 Noc. star.
2 cheerful, ' of good comfort ' AYL. ii. vi. 9 be c,
R3 IV. iv. 174, Cor. i. iii. 2, Tim. iii. iv. 72.
comfortless (1 now rare of persons ; 2 obs.)
1 unconsoled, inconsolable Err. v. i. 80 grim and
c. elespair, H8 li. iii. 105 The queen is comfortless.
2 giving no comfort John v. vi. 20, Tit. iii. i. 250,
Lr. III. vii. 85.
coming'(s)-in : income Mer.V. ii. ii. 178, H5 iv. i.
263 Wheit are thy rents 7 wheit are thy comings-in ?
co-mingle : to niingle together Ham. iii. ii. 74 (so
Fi co-mingled, mod. edd. commingled, Qq comedlcd).
comingf-on: complaisant AYL. iv. i. 118.
comma (1 term of rhetoric ; 2 fig. for punctuation)
1 short member of a sentence (fig.) Tim. I. i. 49* iio
levell'd malice Infects one comma in tlie course I hold.
2 break of continuity Ham. v. ii. 42* a c. 'tween
their amities (various conj. and explanations).
command sb. : upon commemd, (1) at a given order
R3 I. iv. 202 ,- (2) at pleasure AYL. ll. vii. 125.
command vb. (1 is freq.; 2 is rare) [8.
1 to demand with authority 2H6 v. i. 49, CjTll. i. v.
2 to lay commands npein Mac. in. i. 16.
commanded [from command sb.] : entrusted with
command Cor. i. i. 268 tei be c. Under Couiinius.
commander : applied to Death, Ven. 1004.
commandment (old edd. usually commandonent
or command'mcnt, representing foin--syll. pro-
nunciation, which still survives dial.)
1 at my, your c, at my, your service Mer.V. n. ii.
32, 2H4 v.iii.l41 ; fl^c, at pleasure 2H4 in. ii. 27.
COMMEDDLE —
41
— COMPANY
2 ten comuiandments, the fingers 2H6 i. iii. 145.
^ In frequent use about 1600.
commeddle : see co-meddi.e.
commence: 2H4 iv. iii. 126 karniwj, a were hoard
of gold kept by a devil (ill sack c-s it and sets it in
eict and iise ; allusion probably to the conimence-
iiient at Cambridge University, i.e. proceetling
to the degree of Master or Doctor and so quali-
fying to teach.
comjuend sb. (1 late examples of this sense)
1 commendation Mer.V. ii. ix. 90* coniimnds and
courteous breath, Per. ii. ii. 49 speak in his just c.
2 pi. greetings, remembrances, compliments R2
III. i. 38, III. iii. 126 kind coiniiiends.
commend vb. (senses 2, 3, and tlie sense ' to praise '
are tlie most freq.)
1 to deliver, commit, entrust LLL. iii. i. 177 to her
white hand see thou do c. This seal'd-np counsel, R2
III. iii. 116, H8 V. i. 17, Mac. i. vii. 11, Lr. ii. iv.
28, Lucr. 436.
2 to commit to the care or attention of Gent. i. i.
17, Cor. IV. V. 150 Let me c. thee first to those . . .
3 to recommend to kindly remembrance, ' remem-
ber' Wiv. I. iv. 164 (/■ Ihou scest Iter before nie, c.
me ; refl. Mer.V. in. ii. 233 Siynior Antonio Com-
mends him to you.
co'mmendable (in Mer.V. i. i. Ill ? comme'»dabh):
(?) bestowing commendation, commendatory Cor.
IV. vii. 51*.
commendation : pi. greetings, remembrances
tiont. T. iii. 53.
comment sb.: mental observation, pondering
John V. vii. 4 ; Ham. iii. ii. 84* the lerij commiut
of (lijj soul, thy most intense observation (Fi my).
comment vb. (2 cf. comment sb.)
1 to discourse or expatiate upon Gent. n. i. 44
a pliysician to c. on your malady, Sonn. xv. 4.
2 to ponder, meditate R3 iv. iii. bl fearful c-imj.
Commentaries : the Commentarii or memoirs of
C;esar 2H6 iv. vii. 65.
commerce: intercourse Tw.N. m. iv. 194, Ham.
III. i. 110. Ti The orig. stressing is comme'rcc,
c. g. Troil. III. iii. 206.
commission (2 the commonest use in S.)
1 order, mandate Meas. i. i. 13, Lr. v. iii. 254.
2 warrant All'sW. ii. iii. 280, 1H6 v. iv. 95 letters
of\-., H8 I. ii. 20, &c., Rom. iv. i. 64, Lr. v. iii. 65
Bore the commission of my place awl person.
3 in c, entrusted witli an office Mac. i. iv. 2 ; cf.
Cor. IV. vii. 14 Join'd in c. with htm ; m c. u'illi,
sei-ving as a justice of the peace with 2H4 iii. ii. 98.
4 body of persons cliarged with some specified
( ffice Lr. in. vi. 41 You are o' the commission.
commit: to sin Gent. v. iv. 77 ; spec, to commit
adultery Lr. in. iv. 80.
commixture (twice only ; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 compound 3H6 ii. vi. 6 thy tough commij-tures.
2 'complexion,' bodily habit or constitution LLL.
V. ii. 297.
commodious : accommodating (S.) Troil. v. iL 192.
commodity (sense ' wares, mercliandise' is freq.)
1 convenience Mer.V. in. iii. 27, Wint. in. ii. 94*.
2 expediency Jolin ii. i. 597* break failh upon C.
3 advantage, profit 2H4 i. ii. 28-21 will turn diseases
to commodity, Lr. iv. i. 21.
4 quantity of wares, parcel, consignment, lot Tw.N.
III. i. 51 his next c. of hair, 1H4 i. ii. 93 n c. of good
names, iv. ii. 19; spec, parcel of goods sold on
credit by a usurer to a needy person, who im-
mediately raised some cash by re-selling them at
a lower price, often to the usurer himself Meas.
IV. iii. 5 he's in for a commodity of brown paper
and old ginqer.
common 'sb.' (3 (i) not prc-S.; 3 (ii) only S.)
1 common people, commonalty Cor. i. i. 157.
2 common land CiVS. iv. i. 27 graze in c-s ; fig. or
allusively Err. ii. ii. 29 malce a c. of my serious
hours, LLL. ii. i. 221 My lips are no common.
3 the common, (i) that wliich is usual Cor. iv. i.
32, (ii) the vulgar tongue AYL. v. i.bb this ft male,
— wliich in tlie common is, uvman.
common adj. (all the foil, are common uses)
1 belonging equally to more than one, or to all
mankind 1114 ii. i. Wihomo is a c. name toall men
(cf. the grammatical term ' common noun '), Mac.
in. i. 69 the common enemy of man.
2 belonging to the community at large, free to
everyone, public Wiv. iv. v. 125, Meas. iv. ii. 9
n c. executioner, AYL. ii. iii. 33 the c. i-oad, C<es.
I. iii. 15, III. i. 80 ; c. right, the right of every
citizen Meas. ii. iii. 5 ; prostituted Ado iv. i. 65.
3 general All'sW. il. v. 58, 2II6 i. i. 207, Cor. ii. iii.
100 ; generally known or spoken of John iv. ii.
187 common in their mouths.
4 usual, prevalent Gent. v. iv. 62, Sonn. cii. 12.
5 ordinary, undistinguished 1H6 iv. i. 31 any c.
wan, 3H6 i. i. 9 common soldiers, Ven. 293 So did
this horse excel a c. one ; common sense, ordinary or
untutored perception LLL. i. i. 57.
6 belonging to the commonalty, of the people or the
multitude Err. ni. i. 101, 2H4 i. iii. 97, Cor. i. vi.
43 The common file, Lr. v. iii. 50.
common vb. (early variant of commune)
1 to share, take part Ham. iv. v. 202 I must c. iiilh
your grief (F, common, Qq Ff2 3 4 and mod. edd.
cominiiiK).
2 to talk, converse Meas. iv. iii. 112 For I would
common with you of such things (Fi commone).
commoner : prostitute All'sW. v. iii. 196, Otli. iv.
ii. 72.
common-hackney'd : vulgarized 1H4 in. ii. 40.
common-kissingf : kissing all alike Cym. in.
iv. IGG.
commonty, meaning 'common, commons' used
blunderingly for 'comedy' in Shr. Ind. ii. 140.
comm.otion (I occurs four times, 2 thrice)
1 tumult, sedition 2116 iii. i. 358.
2 mental perturbation "Troil. ii. iii. 187.
commtine (cf. common vb.)
1 to converse Wint. n. i. 1(51 {comnm'ne).
2 to talk over Shr. i. i. 101 (co'mmuni).
community : commonness 1H4 in. ii. 77.
compa'ct sb. (once co'mpact 1H6 v. iv. 163 ; not
prc-S.) : once in bad sense, plot, conspiracy Err.
II. ii. 165.
compact ppl. a.' [Latin 'compact-' from ' com-
piiigere ' to fasten together]
1 knit together Lr. i. ii. 7.
2 made up or composed of Err. in. il. 22, MND. v.
i. 8 of imagination all compact, AYL. li. vii. 5, Tit.
V. iii. 88, Ven. 149 a spirit all compact of fire.
3 solid Lucr. 1423.
compact ppl. a.^ [1 atin 'compact-' from ' compacisci'
to make a compact] : leagued Meas. v. i. 236, Lr.
11. ii. 125 (Ff; Cl<ici)niuncl).
compact vb. (2 peculiar to S.)
1 to combine, incorpoiate Lucr. 530.
2 to confirm, strengthen Lr. i. iv. 304 add such
ruisuns if your own, As may compact it more.
companion sb. : used as term of contempt = fellow
Err. IV. iv. 63, AU'sAV. v. iii. 252, 2H4 n. iv. 130
scurry companion, 2H6 iv. x. 33, CiVS. iv. iii. 137,
Oth. IV. ii. 141.
companion vl>. : to make a companion Ant. r. ii. 31.
companionship: Tim. r. i. 251 All of compan.on-
ship, all belonging to one party.
company .sb. (S. is earliest for the application to
a ship's crew)
COMPANY -
42
— COMPOUND
1 from coiiijxitnj, alone, in solitude 1H6 v. v. 100:
for company, by way ofsociablenessSlir. iv. i. 180.
2 companion All'sW. iv. iii. 37 ; fig. MND. I. i. 219
vcii' frkwh anil xlntnyer companies, H5 I. i. bb Bis
com Jinnies xtnhtltr'd.
company vb.: to accompany Cym. v. v. 409.
comparative (the S. vises are unique) : adj.
1 = ' full of comparisons ' (cf. comparison 2) 1H4 i.
ii. 90 conijKiratiK, rascalliest, su'(et youny prince.
2 (a) servinu as a means of comparison, (b) com-
parable (witli) Cym. ii. iii. 134* C. for your virtues,
sb. (a) one wlio is 'full of comparisons,' as above,
(b) rival, compeer 1H4 iii. ii. C7* every beardless
rain comparative.
compare sb. : compai-ison Tw.N. ii. iv. 103, Sonn.
XX i. 5.
compare vb. (2 cf. 'Art stryving to comijayre
Witli Nature', Spenser)
1 to draw comparisons R2 ir. i. 186.
2 c. ii'ifli, to vie witb, rival MND. ii. ii. 99, 211411.
iv. 179, Ham. v. ii. 146 test I should compare Willi
liim in (.rnilcnce.
comparison (1 perhaps there is a suggestion of
' caparison ' intended)
1 pi. Ant. III. xi. [xiii.] 26 his f/ay comparisons,
advantages which appear when we are compared.
2 satirical or scoffing simile Ado ii. i. 154, LLL. v.
ii. 852 Fall of comparisons and wounding flouts.
conipass (sense ' range of voice ' occurs Ham. in.
ii. 391)
1 circle, circumference Gent. ii. vii. 51 Wliatc. irill
you wear your fartliimjale .?, Wiv. v. v. 72, R2 ii. i.
101, 3H6 IV. iii. 46 the c. o//(cr [Fortune's] wheel.
2 circular course, circuit Ctes. v. iii. 25 My life is
run his compass, Otli. iii. iv. 72 A sihyl, that had
numher'd in the world The sun to course two hun-
dred compasses.
3 bounds, limits ; range, reach R2 iii. iv. 40, 1H4
HI. iii. 22 in yood c. ( =within reasonable limits),
H8 I. i. 36 Beyond thouylil's compass, Tit. V. i.
126, 0th. III. iv. 21 (Qq compassiny).
compassed: round, arched Shr. iv. iii. 139a small
c. cape, Veil. 272 his c. crest; — c. irindow, semi-
circular l)ay-window Troil. I. ii. 118.
compassion vb. : to pity Tit. iv. i. 124.
compassionate: (a) feeling pity for oneself, (b)
sni riiwfully lamenting, (c) piteous R2 i. iii. 174'.
compeer : to rival, equal Lr. v. iii. 70 he compeers
/III hfsf.
compel : to take or get by force, extort AH'sW.
IV. iii. 361 I'd compel it of you, 2H4 iv. i. 147, H5
in. vi. 119, H8i. ii. 57.
compelled: enforced, unsought, involuntary
Meas. II. iv. 58 Our co'inpill'd sins, H8 li. iii. 87
This co'inpell'd fortune. Ham. iv. vi. 18«f. r«/oi(r,
Lucr. 1708 this cennpe'lled stain.
competence : adequate supply 2H4 v. v. 71.
competent: sufficient, adequateTw.N. in. iv. 273,
Hani. 1. i. 90.
competitor: associate, ]iartncr Gent. ii. vi. 35,
W't w. iv. 505 mejre competilurs Flmk to the rebels.
Ant. v. i. 42. ^ This is tbe coniinoncr H. use.
conipile : to compose as an original work LLT,. iv.
iii. 134 J)id never sonnet for her sake comjiih,
Sunn. Ixxviii. 9.
complain: - 'complain of, bewail R2 in. iv. 18,
Lucr. ls:{',i //kU late conijilain'il }lir iiromis tii Us.
complement (cf. roMruMENT) : that which goes
to ' conijilete ' the character of a gentleman in
regard to external aj)pearance or demeanour
Wiv. IV. ii. .5, LIjL. I. i. 167 A man of c-s, m. i,
24, H5 II. ii. 134 derk'd in modest c. (=unosfenta-
tioiis demeanour), Hom. ii. iv. 21 captain of c-s,
0th. I. i. 63 c. extern. ^ Mod. cdd. fluctuate be-
tween comjilement and compliment in some of
these passages.
com.plete (stressed co'mplete in the attributive and
comple'te in the predicative position ; Ham. i. iv.
62 in co'mplete sleel = in full annour, Troil. iv. i.
27 -1 thousanel co'mplete courses of the sun, 3H6 ii.
V. 26 make the hour full comple'te)
1 perfect in nature or quality, perfectly consti-
tuted Meas. I. iii. 3 n complete bosom.
2 fully equipped or endowed, perfect, accom-
plislied H8 i. ii. 118, in. ii. 49 c. In mind and
feeiture, Troil. m. iii. 181 theju ijrcut and c. nmn,
'Tim. in. i. 10.
3 filled (with), full Gent. ii. iv. 74 c. . . . Witli eiH
ijeiiid yrace , Tim. iv. iii. 245 The one is fillinij still,
■never complete.
complexion (3 orig. as showing the bodily tem-
perament)
1 bodily habit or constitution, orig. supposed to
be constituted bj' the four ' humours ' Ham. v.
ii. 103 very sultry and hot for iny complexion.
2 constitution or habit of mind, disposition, tem-
perament, ' nature ' Ado ii. i. 307 of that jeetlons
c, Mer.V. iii. i. 32 H is the c. of them [birds] edl
to leave the dam ; quibblingly in LLL. i. ii. 83.
3 natural colour and appearance of the skin, esp.
of the face Tp. i. i. 34, Err. ill. ii. 104 What c. is
she of?—Swart, Cor. ii. i. 231, 0th. iv. ii. 61.
4 colour(fig.)Wint.i.ii.381 chenie/d c-s, H5ii. ii. 73
lose i'o much c.\ fig. 2H4 ii. ii. 6 it discolours the
c. ofmyyreatness. TJAYL. in. ii. 205 Good my c!
(' Rosalind appeals to her complexion not to be-
tray her by changing colour' Aldis Wright).
5 visible aspect, look (of objects in general) R2
in. ii. 194 the c. of the sky.
complice: confederate, comrade R2 ii. iii. 165,
2H4 I. i. 163. (Cf. ACCOMPLICE.)
compliment (so mod. edd. in passages bearing
the foil, meaning, where old edd. have comjile-
ment) : observance of ceremony in social rela-
tions, foniial civility or courtesy AYL. ii. v. 26
that tlicij call c. is like the encounter of tieo doq-
apcs, Tw.N. in. i. Ill, John i. i. 201, Roin. ii. ii. 89
fareivell c. .', Lr. I. i. 306, v. iii. 235, Ant. iv. iv. 32.
coinplimental : courteous Troil. in. i. 43 (Fi
eiimpliuini/iih.
complot sli. and vb. ( = ]ilot), stressed cei'mplot2l{6
111. i. 147, R2 I. i. 96, complo't R3 in. i. 192, R2 I.
iii. 189.
comply (1 rare sense ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 to fulfil, accomplish 0th. i. iii. 265.
2 'to use complements, or ceremonies, or kind
offices' (Florio), observe the formalities of
courtesyHam.il. ii.S'd^letmec.ieithyou, v. ii. 195.
compose (S. senses now obs. are)
1 to make up, fashion, construct, produce MND. i.
i. 48, All'sW. I. ii. 21, Troil. v. ii. 167h f«.s-^HefO»(-
pos\l by Vulcan's skill, Mac. I. vii. 73, Ham. in. i. 98.
2 to come to a settlement Ant. ii. ii. 15. [69.
composed: elaborately put together Gent. in. ii.
composition (3 peculiar to S.)
1 cunstitution John i. i. 88 the laryc composiliun of
this man, R2 ii. i. 73.
2 compact, agreement Jleas. i. ii. 2, v. i. 214, Jnhn
II. i. 561, Mac. i. ii. 61.
3 consistency 0th. i. iii. 1 There is no composition
in. these ucies That i/ivis Hum eridil.
composture: manure, comimst (■<.) Tim. iv. iii. 447.
composixre (imt pre-S. in either sense)
1 leniperanuiit, disposition Troil. n. iii. 2.54 of
sinit lomposiiri , Ant. I. iv. 22.
2 conilii nation Troil. n. iii. 110»,s/ro)/.r/f. (.Vfcoiinscl).
compound .sb. (the underlying meaning is 'com-
pounded drug ' Cym. i. v. 8)
COMFOUND —
43
— CONDITION
1 coiiipouiKl word Sonii. ly.x\iAco>iipoit»dssira)ige.
2 mass, liiiiip 1H4 it. iv. 138, 2114 ii. iv. 3:31.
componnd vb. (the following uses are obs.)
1 to fonstriict, form, make up, constitute H5 v. ii.
220 SIkiH not thou and I . . . compound a boy ?,
Tim. IV. ii. 35, iv. iii. 274.
2 to settle (a difference) Sin". l. ii. 27 c. /Ins quarrel,
K3 II. i. 75 ; alsointr. to agree, make terms, settle
Mcas. IV. ii. 25, Jolin it. i. 281 Till thou c. ichose
riijht is narlhicst, Lr. i. ii. 144 ; fig. H5 iv. vi. 33.
comprehend : used blunderingly for ' apprehend '
Ado in. iii. 25, ill. v. 50.
compromise :
1 settlement by arbitration Wiv. i. i. 34.
2 coming to tenus by concessions on both sides
John V. i. 67, K2 ii. i. 254.
compromis'd : come to an agreement Mer.V. i.
iii. 79 When Lahan and himself were compromis'd.
compt (cf. COUNT) : account, reckoning All'sW. v.
iii. 57 strikes some scores amtij From the great c,
Tim. 11. i. 35 have the dates in c. (i. e. for tlic cal-
culation of interest due), Mac. i. vi. 26 iu c.
( = accouiitable, subject to account), 0th. v. ii.
272 at c. (= at the day of reckoning, the judge-
ment day ; Qi count).
compter : = counter AV'int. iv. ii. [iii.] 38.
comptiljle: readily answering to, (lience) sus-
ceptible, sensitive to Tw.N. i. v. 188.
comptroller: officer in a great houseliold whose
duties were primarily to check expenditure and
so to manage in general HS i. iii. 07.
conipulsative (S.; Ff), compulsatory (Qq) : in-
volving compulsion Ham. l. i. 103 by stromj hand
And terms c. [ii. 44.
Com.pulsioii : compelling circumstances John v.
compulsive (not pre-S.) : exercising compulsion
Ham. III. iv. 86 c. ardour; (in physical sense)
driving or forcing onward 0th. in. iii. 455 the
Ponlick sea, Whose . . . c. course . . . [46.
com.punctious (not pre-S.) : remorseful Mac. i. v.
comrade (old edd. alsoc!(»irf((?e, comerade): stressed
comra'de 1H4 iv. i. 96, Ham. I. iii. 65 (Qq courcuje) \
co'mradc Lr. ii. iv. 213.
con (1 is freq.; 2 is still dial.)
1 to learn by heart MND. i. ii. 103, Troil. it. i. 18
(Q cunne), Cies. iv. iii. 97 coini'd by role.
2 con thanks, be grateful AlTsW. iv. iii. 175, Tim.
IV. iii. 431.
concave (obs. use) : hollow AYL. in. iv. 24, C'ompl.
1 concave iiomb.
co'nceal'd: secretly married Rom. tit. iii. 97»7ia/
siii/s My r. lady to cjur cancdl'd {Ff conceal'd) locel
concealment : secret, mystery 1H4 iii. i. 166.
conceit (it is often difficult to determine the pre-
cise meaning)
1 what is conceived in the mind, conception, idea,
thought LLL. Ti. i. 72, Mer.V. ni. iv. 2, Ham. iv.
V. 46"^ C. xqmn her father, 0th. in. iii. 115 Some
horrible conceit, Sonn. cviii. 13 the first c. of lore.
2 faculty of conceiving, apprehension, understand-
ing, mental faculty or capacity Err. iv. ii. 65,
AYIj. v. ii. 60 a i/entleman of good c, John in. iii.
50, Tioil. I. iii. 153 u'hose c. Lies in his hamstriny.
Per. III. i. 16.
3 personal opinion or estimate Gent. in. ii. 17 the
yood conceit I hold of thee, H8 ii. iii. 74.
4 imagination, fancy AYL. n. vi. 8, R2 ii. ii. 33,
Ham. in. iv. 113* C. in weakest bodies strone/esi
works, Lr.'iv. vi. 43; gaiety of imagination, wit
2H4 n. iv. 203"* there is no more c. in him than is
in a mallet.
5 fanciful design, device, invention 1H6 iv. i. 102,
Tit. IV. ii. 30, Ham. v. ii. 160 of very liberal c;
fancy article MND. i. i. 33 rinys, tjaivds, conceits.
conceit vb. (only thrice in S.)
1 to form a conception, or opinion of Cies. i. iii. 162
Him and his worth . . . you haie riyht wdl c-id, in.
i. 192 one of two bad ways you must conceit me.
2 to form an idea 0th. in. iii. 149 (Qq coniects).
conceited (the modern sense is not S.)
1 full of imagination or fancy, ingenious Wiv. i.
iii. 24, 2H4v. i.39, Lucr. 1371 thee. painter, Conipl.
16 her napkin . . . Which had on it c. characters.
2 possessed of an idea Tw.N. ni. iv. 326.
conceitless : witless Gent. iv. ii. 99.
conceive (1 and 2 were common Eliz. senses)
1 to take the meaning of (a person), understand
"Wiv. I. i. 251 c. me, c. me, Meas. n. iv. 142, MM).
IV. i. 220, Lr. i. i. 12 ; absol. 2H4 it. ii. 126 takes
■upon him not to c, Tp. iv. i. 50 M'ell, I conceiie.
2 to have a certain opinion of H8 i. ii. 105 The
yriee'd commons Hardly conceiie of me.
concent (old edd. consent, the common Eliz. form) :
harmony H5 i. ii. 181 yorcrnment . . . Put into
pai'ls, dulh keep in one concent, 206.
conception (2 with quibble on the meaning 'off
spring ')
1 mere fancy 0th. in. iv. 155.
2 design, plan Troil. i. iii. 312 I have a younrj con-
ception in my brain.
conceptions (S.) : fi-uitful Tim. iv. iii. 188.
concern (2 not pre-S. ; 3 is obs.)
1 trans, to have reference to, relate to 2H4 iv. i. 30
What do/h concern your coming.
2 to be of importance to Meas. i. i. 77, 0th. i. iii. 22.
3 intr. to be of importance Gent. i. ii. 73, LLL. iv.
ii. 149 ii may c. much, Wint. in. ii. 87' ; with pro-
noun 1H6 V. iii. 116 what c-s his freedom unto me?.
4 to befit MND. i. i. 60. [129.
concernancy (S.) : import, meaning Ham. v. ii.
concerning' : concern, atfair Meas. i. i. 56 As time
and our coiicerniiii/s shall importune, Ham. in. iv.
191 Such dear concertiinys.
concert : see consort.
conclave: college or whole body of cardinals H8
II. ii. 100 the holy conclaie.
conclude (special or obs. uses are the foil.)
1 be itc-d, to conclude, in brief Wint. x. ii. 203.
2 to come to a final arrangement or decision K2 r.
i. 156 c. and be aejrecd, 1H6 v. i. 5, 2H6 i. i. 218,
Cor. HI. i. 144, Ham. in. iv. 201 'tis so c-d on.
3 to decide, resolve K3 i. iii. 15, Cws. ir. ii. 93, Mac.
III. i. 141 It is concliuled. [i. 127.
4 intr. to be decisive, settle the matter John i.
conclusion (meanings ' end, close ' and ' inference '
freq.; in c. means (1) finally, e.g. Err. n. i. 74,
(2) in short, e. g. Gent. ii. i. 94, 0th i, i. 15)
1 problem, riddle Per. i. i. 56.
2 experiment 0th. i. iii. .334, Ant. v. ii. 356 She hath
pursu'd c-s infinite Of easy ways to die, Cj'm. i. v.
18 ; so try c-s Ham. in. iv. 195, Lucr. 1160.
concupiscible : lustful Meas. v. i. 99.
condemn: Ant. v. ii. 100 C-iny shadows quite
( = casting discredit upon unsubstantial things) ;
Sonn. xcix. 6 The lily I c-ed for thy hand (= 1
accused the lily of having stolen its whiteness
from thy hand).
condign: worthily deserved LLL. i. ii. 27; now
only applied to appropriate punishment, a use
originating in the phraseology of Tudor acts of
parliament 2H6 in. i. IZO condign punishment.
condition (1 and 6 are the commonest senses)
1 provision, stipulation (freq.) ; plira.se on condition
(that) 1H6 v. iii. 152, shortened to coiidilion. Troil.
T. ii. 78 Condition, I had gone bare-foot to India.
2 covenant, contract Tp. i. ii. 117, 120, Mer.V. i.
iii. 149 such . . . sums ets are Ej.press'd in the con-
dition, AU'sW. IV. ii. 30, 1116 v. iv. 165.
CONDITION ALLY
44
- CONJURATION
3 mode or state of being AYL. i. ii. 16, C«s. ii. i.
236 i'oitr neak condition (= constitution), Otli. i.
ii. 26, II. iii. 304.
4 social or official position, rank Tp. in. i. 59 I am
in my condition A prince, 2H4 iv. iii. CO, H5 iv.
iii. 63, 2H6 v. i. 64.
5 mental disposition, temper, character LLL. v. ii.
20 A light c. in a heauti/ dark, Mer.V. I. ii. 141 flic
condition of a saint, H8 i. ii. 19, Cor. ii. iii. 102,
Tim. IV. iii. 140.
6 characteristic, property, quality Gent. iii. i. 275,
Ado III. ii. QShixill conditions, AYL. i. i. 48, Shr.
V. ii. IC,S soft conditions, H5 iv. i. 110.
conditionally : on condition 3H6 i. i. 196.
conditioned: in specified circumstances Tim. iv.
iii. 5.35 tlins condition'd. ^ For another meaning
see BEST-CONDITIONED.
condole (used in two obs. senses)
1 to grieve MND. i. ii. 29, 44 a lover is more c-iny.
2 to grieve with (a sufferer) H5 ii. i. IMLet us con-
doh the kuifiUt.
condoleiuent (2 only S., ? confused with ' dole ")
1 .soni.wiiiL; Ham. I. ii. 93 obstinate condolcmcnf.
2 taiiuilile expression of sympathy, solatium Per.
H. i. 163* titere are certain c-s, certain rails.
conduce: Troil. v. ii. 144* there doth c. afyht (a)
intr. for refl. carries itself on, goes on, (b) intr.
fur pass, is joined or begun.
conduct :
1 guidance, leading Lr. in. vi. 106 that will to some
provision Give thee quick conduct.
2 escort, guard (see also safe-conduct) Tw.JJ. hi.
iv. 268 I mill . . . desire some c. of the lady, John i.
i. 29, 1H4 in. i. 93, R3 i. 1. 45 This conduct to
convey me to the Toiver.
3 guide, leader, conductor Rom. v. iii. 116 Come,
hitter c, come, unsavoury f/uide ; fig. Tp. v. i. 244,
2H4 V. ii. 36, 2H6 ii. iv. 102 conduct of my sha)ne,
Lucr. 313(of a torch).
4 leadership, command AYL. v. iv. 164 on foot In
his own c, Tit. IV. iv. 64 under c. Of Lucius.
conduit: pipe for the conveyance of water Cor. ii.
iii. 250; fig. Err. v. i. 315 the c-s of my Hood:
structure for the distribution of water, which is
made to spout fiom it, often in the form of
a human figure (hence allusively) Wint. v. ii. 61,
Tit. II. iv. 30, Rom. in. v. 130 a conduit, girl ? what!
still in tears?, Lucr. 1234.
confection: compounded preparation of drugs
< yin. I. V. 15 ; spec, prepared poison v. v. 247.
confectionary : (a) place in whicli sweetmeats
arekeiit, ihi niakerof sweet meats Tim. iv. iii. 201.
confederacy ami confederate are msed both in
a f:iiod and a bad sense with ref. to (1) alliance,
(J) cunspiracy.
confederate (strained use) : conspiringd.e.toassist
tlic murderer) Ham. in. ii. 271 Confederate season
((^.| v_i; Considerat(e).
confess : 0th. iv. i. 38 c, and he hanged, proverbial
)>lira.se of the 16th-17th cent., the orig. ref. of
wliiili is doubtful.
confessor : stress varies, co'nfcssor, confe'ssor.
confidence: prob. misused for 'conference ' AViv.
1. iv. 168, Ado in. v. 3, Rom. ii. iv. 136.
confident: John ii. i. 2B secure And c, confidently
secure (sec and 1) ; Cym. v. iii. 29 Three thousand
c having the confidence of three thousand.
confine sb. (pi. is stressed co'nfines in senses 1 and
2 ; sing, always confi'ne, but usually in sense 4,
to whicli the few instances of pi. stressed con-
fi'ncs possibly belong)
1 pi. boundaries, bounds Rom. in. i.Gnhenhc entirs
thr cn)ifin(s of a tiiiirn.
2 pi. region, territuiy R2 i. iii. 137 our quiet c-s,
R3 IV. iv. 3 in these c-s . . . have I hirk'd, Cics. in.
i. 272 ; fig. John iv. ii. 246 this c. of blood and breath.
3 confinement, limitation 0th. i. ii. 27 Put into
circumscription and confine, Compl. 265.
4 place of confinement, prison Tp. iv. i. 121 Spirits,
which ... 7 have from their c-s calVd\ Ham. i. i.
155* hies To his confine, ii. ii. 256 confines, wards,
and dungeons, Ant. iii. v. 13.
confineless (S.) : boundless Mac. iv. iii. 55.
confiner : inhabitant Cym. iv. ii. 337^-4-. . . of Italy.
confirmed : firm, immovable, steady, resolute Ado
II. i. 398 of approved valour, and c. honesty, v. iv.
17 ((///( c-d countenance. Cor. i. iii. 65 ; R3iv. iv.
172 Thy aye confirm" d (= thy riper manhood).
confiscate pa.pple. : confiscated Err. i. i. 20 His
goods confi'scate to the duke's dispose, i. ii. 2 Lest
that your goods too soon be ccfnfiscate, Mer.V. iv.
i. 333, Cym. v. v. 324.
confixed: firmly fixed Meas. v. i. 226.
conflux (not pie-S.j : Mowing together Troil. i. iii. 7.
conformable: compliant, submissive Slir. ii. i.
272, H8 II. iv. 22 At all times to your will c.
confound (sense ' destroy, ruin ' is the most freq.)
1 to waste, consume, spend 1H4 i. iii. 100 He did c.
the best part of an hour, H5lii. i. IZAs doth a galled
rock O'erhanr/ etnd jntly hisc-ed base. Cor. i. vi. 17,
Ant. I. i.45, i'. iv. 28, Per. v. ii. 14[279], Sonn. viii. 7.
2 to mingle indistinguishably Err. i. ii. 38, K2 iv.
i. 141.
confounding': ruinous Tim. iv. i. 20 your con-
fiinnding contraries, iv. iii. 394 confounding odds.
confusedly : promiscuously 1H6 i. i. 118.
confusion (1 is common in S., now obs.)
1 overthrow, ruin, destruction Mac. in. v. 29 : as
an imprecation Lr. ii. iv. 96 Vengeance ! plague !
death ! confusion .'.
2 mental agitation Mer.V. in. ii. 178 there is such
confusion in my powers. Ham. in. i. 2.
3 pi. disorders, commotions Rom. iv. v. 66.
conge'd, congied: taken leave All'sW. iv. iii.
100 I have c. with the duke.
conger: applied abusively to a man 2H4 ii. iv. 57
Hanrj yourself, you muddy conqer (Q cungtr).
congest : to collect together Compl. 258.
congratulate: to salute LLL. v. i. 95.
congree (S.) : to agree, accord H5 i. ii. 182 C-ing in
II full and natural close (Qq congriieth with a
innlital consent).
congreet (S.) : to greet mutually H5 v. ii. 31.
congrue (S.) : to agree H5 i. ii. 182 (see congree).
Ham. IV. iii. 67 letters conyruiny to that effect (Ff
ciinjuriny).
conject: to conjecture 0th. in. iii. 149 (Ff conceits).
conjecture (the foil, are obs. uses)
1 supposition H5 iv. Chor. 1 Xow entertain c. of a
time "When creeping murmur and the poriny dark
Fills the wide vessel of the wiiverse.
2 evil surmise, suspicion Ado iv. i. 107, Wint. ii.
i. 175, Ham. iv. v. 15 Dangerous conjectures.
conjunct: closely joined or connected Lr. ii. ii.
125 iVi colli iinii), V. i. 12.
conjunction (the gen. sense ' union ' occurs)
1 position of two planets when they are in the
same direction as viewed from the earth 2H4 ii.
iv. 286 Saturn and Venus . . . in conjunction.
2 united force 1H4 iv. i. 37 our small conjunction.
conjunctive : closely united Ham. iv. vii. 14 She's
Ml r. Ill my life and soul, 0th. I. iii. 374 Let us be
c. Ill iiur riHio/i (Qi communicative, Q.j conjective).
conjuration (much less common than "the vb.)
1 solemn appeal or entreaty, adjuration R2 ill. ii.
23, H5 I. ii. 29 inder this c. speak, Rom. v. iii. 68,
Ham. v. ii. 38 .\n earnest c. from the king.
2 incantation, iharm 2H6 i. ii. 99, 0th. i. iii. 92.
CONJURE
45
- CONTAGION
conjure (mostly co'njiire, occas. conju're)
1 to call upon solemnly, adjure Gent. ii. vii. 2 ;
absol. Ham. iv. iii. 67 (see congrle).
2 to influence by incantation, cliann, or magic
(freq.) Otii. i. iii. 105; with infinitive Tim. i. i. 7
((H these npirils tliy power Hath c-'d to attend, Lr.
II. i. 41 ; witli adv. Koni. ii. i. 26 Till ilie had laid
it, and c-'d it duan ; esp. conjure tij) (not pre-S.),
to raise or bring into existence as by magic, to
cause to appear to the fancy MND. iii. ii. 158,
Cies. II. i. 323 ; cf. Mer.V. I. iii. 35, Wint. v. iii.
40, 1H4 IV. iii. 43 i'on c. from the breast of ciiil
peace Such bold hostility ; used absol. Err. in. i.
34 Dost thou c. for mnches?, H5 v. ii. 317, Troil.
V. ii. VM 1 cannot cmjure.
co'njurer : niagiciarilirr. v. i. 243.
consang°uineousinot pre-S.) : of the same blood
Tw.N. II. iii. 85.
conscience (1 tlie usual sense ; plir. upon or in
(one's) conscience Tw.N. iii. i. 33, 3H6 in. iii. 113,
0th. IV. iii. 62 ;— a or o' conscience [see a'] Per. iv.
ii. 23 -y—for conscience' sake Cor. li. iii. 36;
1 sense of i-ight and wrong Ham. iii. i. 83 Thus c.
docs malie coirards of 2(.v (dl ; Tp. ii. i. 286 / feel
not This deity in my bosom; twenty consciences
. . . candied be they ....
2 regard for tlie dictates of conscience, conscien-
tiousness Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 663 / cannot with c.
take it, 0th. iii. iii. 203 their best conscience Is not
to leave t ttndone, but keep't unknown.
3 inward knowledge or consciousness, internal
conviction, inmost thought Wint. iii. ii. 47, H5
IV. i. 124 1 will speak my c. of the kinij, 2H6 in. i.
68, Cym. i. vi. 116 my mutest conscience.
4 reasonableness, sound judgement Tim. ii. ii. 185
Ciiiist tlioH tlie c. lack, To think I shall lack friends?
conscionable : conscientious Otli. ii. i. 244.
consent sb. ('compliance, concurrence' is the
chief sense)
1 agreement as to a course of action, concert Tp.
II. i. 211, LLL. V. ii. 461 here was a consent , . . To
dash it, AYL. ii. ii. 3, Ti-oil. in. iii. 176.
2 agreement or unity of opinion, unanimity 2H4 v.
i. 78, H5 II. ii. 22, Cor. ii. iii. 25 consent of
( = agreement about), v. iii. 71.
3 opinion, or the expression of it Wint. v. iii. 136
by my consent, 1H6 i. ii. 44, 3H6 iv. vi. 36, Mac.
n. i. 25* (or ? party).
consent vb. (unusual sense) : consent in, agree in
planning 0th. v. ii. 296. [in. iv. 80.
consequently : afterwards, subsequently Tw.N.
conserve (occurs only twice in S.)
1 to preserve Mcas. in. i. 86.
2 to make into a conserve 0th. in. iv. 76 il wasdy'd
ill mammy which the skilful Conserv'd of maidens'
hiiirts (Qq with the skilftil conserie(s).
consider (in a sense common in nth cent.): to
requite, recompense, remunerate Wint. iv. i. [ii.]
10 irliiih [sen ices] if I have not enough c-ed, iv.
iii. [iv.jSJO, Cvni. it. iii. 31. [98.
considerance (not post-S.) : reflection 2H4 v. ii.
considerate : considering, thoughtful, reflective
K3 IV. ii. 30, Ant. ii. ii. 116.
consider'd : suitable for deliberate thought (S.)
ilani. n. ii. 81 at our more consider'd time.
consi'gn: fpioperly) to set one's seal, (hence) agree
/" 2H4 v. ii. 143 God consi'inimi to mil r/ood intents,
H5 V. ii. 90, ,'}25. J ■' JJ
co'nsign'd : added by way of ratification Tioil. i v.
iv. 4.1 With distinct breath and c. kisses to them.
consist (always takes a prep, in, of, or on ; the
following are obs. uses)
1 r. on, upon, insist upon 2H4 iv. i. 187, Per. i. iv.
83 Welcome is peace if he on peace consist.
2 consist in, reside or inliere in K3 iv. iv. 407 In
her consists my happiness.
consistory : council-chainber, fig. R3 n. ii. 150 ;
college of cardinals presided over by the pone
118 II. iv. 91.
consonancy : agreement, accord Tw.N. ii. v. 143,
Ham. n. ii. 301.
consort sb. (in 2 and 3 mod. edd. read concert)
1 fellowship, company Gent. iv. i. 64, Lr. ii. i. 99.
2 liarmonious music Gent. in. ii. 84.
3 company of musicians 2H6 in. ii. 321 screech-owls
make tlie consort fiill.
consort vb. (like the sb., not pre-£liz.)
1 to accompany, attend Err. i. ii. 28, LLL. ii. i. 177
Sweet heidlh imdfair desires consort your Grace .',
Rom. III. i. 136.
2 to keep company or associate with MND. in. ii.
387 ; with play on consort sb. 2, Rom. in. i. 49-50.
consorted : associated, leagued LLL. i. i. 258, R2
V. iii. l:38, R3 in. iv. 70, Rom. ii. i. 31, Lucr. 1609.
conspectuity (.S.; liumorous or random forma-
tion) : sight Cor. n. i. 12 your bisson conspectuities.
conspire: used of the plots of a single person
Gent. I. ii. 41, Troil. v. i. 70 I would conspire
ai/ainst destiny, 0th. iii. iii. 142, Sonn. x. 6.
constable: in France and England, a principal
officer in the royal household, having jurisdiction
in matters ofarmsand chivalry H5 11. iv. 41, &c.,
H8 n. i. 102.
constancy (the foil, are obs. and rare uses)
1 persistence, perseverance H8 in. ii. 2*.
2 ccitamty MiiD.v.i. 26 r/rows to somethiny of yrcatc.
constant (rare uses in S. are)
1 constant question, formally conducted discussion
Tw.N. IV. ii.54\
2 settled, steady Tp. ii. ii. 124 my stomach is not c.
constantly (used only in senses now obs.)
1 fixedly, resolutely, faithfully C«s. v. i. 92, Ham.
I. ii. 234, Cym. in. v. 119.
2 confidently Meas. iv. i. 23 I do consiemtUj helieie
you, Troil. iv. i. 40.
3 continuously Tw.X. ii. iii. 162.
constant-qualified: endowed with constancy
Cym. I. iv_. 68 (Ff and some edd. constant, qualified).
constellation : position or configuration of the
' stars ' or planets in regard to each other, as
supposed to influence men and events, (hence) a
pei-son's character as determined by liis ' stars '
Tw.N. I. iv. 35*.
conster : see construe.
constitution : frame (of body or mind) Mer.V. in.
ii.247 the constif-ution Of any constant man, Tw.^.
I. iii. 143 //(( ccceUcnt constitution of thy ley.
constrain (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 to assume or put on by an effort Lr. n. ii. 103
constrains the ejarb Quite from his nature.
2 to violate Tit. v. ii. 178 /icr . . . chastity . . . you c-'d.
constrained: produced by compulsion, forced
Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 69, Cym. v. iv. 15.
constringfe : to compress, constrict Troil. v. ii.
170 Constrinij'd in mass by the almiyhty sun.
construe (old edil. fieq. conster) : to interpret, ex-
plain ; (with clause) Tw.N. III. i. 64/ ic/Hf./oWffii
vhcncc you come ; to translate orally Shr. in. i. 30.
consul: used = senator 0th. i. ii. 43 many of the
c-s . . . Are at the duke's already, Cym. iv. ii. 385.
consummation: death Lr. iv. vi. 132 (Ft' consump-
tion), Cym. iv. ii. 280 Quiet c. hare ; cf. Ham. in.
i. 63 (( consummaticni Devoutly to be wish'd.
contagfion (rare uses) : contagious or poisonous
influence C*s. n. i. 265 the lilec. of the nii/hf, Hani,
in. ii. 415 When . . . hell itself breathes out C. tn this
world ; poison Ham. IV. vii. 147 I'll touch my point
With this contagion.
CONTAGIOUS —
46
-COITVERSION
contag'ious: pestilential, poisonou.s, noxious
MNO. ir. i. 90 t'. f(i<js, Jolin v. iv. :3;i this ni'ulit,
nliijsi black c. breath . . . , Ham.i. iii.42. [Ixxvii. 9.
contain: to keep, retain Mer.V. v. i. 201, Sonn.
containing': contents, tenor Cym. v. v. 4;il.
contemn : to refuse scornfully Ven. 205 c. me this.
contemptible (occurs only twice in S.)
1 despicable 1H6 i. li. 75 tiiy contemptible estate.
2 (lisdainl'ul Ado ir. iii. 198 a contemptible spirit.
contemptuous (twice only ; cf. prec. word)
1 = Contemptible 2, John ii. i. 384 this c. city.
2 = Contemptible 1, 2H6 i. iii. 86 C. . . . callot.
contend: to strive earnestly Meas. iir. ii. 252 c-ed
(sjii I inlly to know himself ; to strive to go, proceed
witli ettort Sonn. Ix. ■i[the iiaies] forwards do c.
contending' : making war, warlike Slir. v. ii. 160,
Veil. S->.
content sb. : the precise meaning is often doubtful ;
ocras. - fulfilment of one's desire, or (simply)
desire, wish R2 v. ii. 38 To whose hifjh will ne bow
our calm c-s, 2H6 1. iii. 70 work your Grace's full c,
Troil. I. ii. 319 tny heart's c, Ven. Ded. 7, Conipl.
157 'i/ainst her own c; — in heart's content S. some-
times plays upon the sense 'containing power,
capacity ' of the other sb. ' content ', e. g. 2 116 i.
i. 35 Such is the fulness of my heart's content,
content adj. (1 recorded only from S.)
1 he c. (used imper.), be calm, be not uneasy R2 v.
ii. 82, Caes. iv. ii. 41, Cym. v. iv. 102 ; also
elliptically Lr. t. iv. 338 I'ray you, content.
2 elliptically, as an exclamation = I am content ;
agreed ! Shr. v. ii. 70, 1H6 iii. i. 146, 3H6 m. ii.
ls:i, (or. H. iii. 52, Ant. iv. iii. 22.
content vb. (obs. uses are as follows)
1 to jilease, gratify Gent. iir. i. 93 scorns what best
c-s her, Shr. iv. iii. 180 Because his painted skin
c-s the eye, H8 iir. i. 131, Hani. iii. i. 24, Ven. 213.
2 refl. and pass, used imper. c. thee or be c-ed - l>e
calm, do not trouble AViv. iir. iii. 176, Ado v. i.
87, Lr. III. iv. 113, Cym. i. v. 26.
3 to remunerate, pay K3 in. ii. 110, 0th. ni. i. 1 7
will conk at your pains; absol. Shr. l. i. 167.
4 intr. to acquiesce Ven. 61 Fore el to content.
contented (1 a use of the sense ' ready, willing ")
1 Will contented ! = content adj. 2, Mac. ii. iii. 141.
2 marked by contentment K3 i. iii. 84 that c. Iiap.
contentless : discontented Tim. iv. iii. 246.
continent sb. (3 Milton speaks of ' the moist con-
tinent ' of the moon, prob. imitating S.)
1 Something that holds or contains : (i) cover, en-
closure, receptacle Ham. iv. iv. 64 tomb enoiii/h
anel c. To hide the ulaiu, Lr. in. ii.58. Ant. iv. xii.
[xiv.] 40 Heart, once be stron;/er than tliy c;
(ii) bounding or enclosing land MND. ii. i. 92 hare
overborne their c-s, 1H4 in. i. Ill the opposed c.
2 earth, ' terra finna ' 2H4 in. i. 47.
3 ' solid globe ' or orb of the sun Tw.N. v. i. 281*.
4 sunnnary, sum LLL. iv. i. 112 my c. of beauty,
Mer.V. iir. ii. 130 The c, and summary of my
fiirtitiir. Ham. V. ii. H6.
continent adj. (2 in both passages there is probably
a jilay upon the sen.se of ' chaste ')
1 sclt-icstraining, temperate Lr. i, ii. 188.
2 I'cstrainiiig, restrictive LLL. i. i. 259 c. canon,
j\lac. IV. iii. 64 All continent impediments.
continuance : permanence Meas. in. i. 250, Tw.N.
I. iv. tl Ihi r. ofhisloie, Rom. i. Clior. 10.
continuantly (humorous perversion) : 2H4 n. i. 30.
continviate il an early-17tli-cenfc. sense)
1 uiiinlcii-uiilcd Oth. in. iv. 177 (Qi vonixnieni).
2 lasting 'I'lm. i. i. 11 co)itinnale i/oodncss.
continue 'the toll, are rare uses)
1 to retain n8 n. iv. .'il irlmt friend of mine . . . did I
C. in my Hkiny? ; to let live Meas. iv. iii. 91.
2 to come as a sequel Tim. il. ii. 5.
contract sb.: contra'ct twice as freq. as co'nlract.
contract vb.: most freq. in the sense 'betroth,
affiance ' ; fig. Sonn. i. 6 thou, contracted to thine
own hriylit eyes.
contract pple.: espoused R3 in. vii. 178.
contracting (Meas. in. ii. 304), contraction
(Ham. III. iv. 46) : betrothal.
contrarious: adverse 1H4 v. i. 52 contrarious
Hinds; Jleas. iv. i. 63^ these fcdse and niost con-
/)((c/o((,sr/HC,sfo(? self-contradictory, inconsistent).
co'ntrary sb. (2 occurs twice, to the c. 8 times)
1 opposite side Wint. i. ii. 372 Wafting hiseyes to the
c, H8 II. i. 15 The king's attorney on the c. Urg'd.
2 in the contrary = io the contrary H8 in. ii. 183,
Oth. IV. ii. 175.
3 by contraries, in a manner contrary to what is
customary Tp. n. i. 1.54.
contrary adj. (usu. co'ntrary; contra'ry 4 times) :
wrong (S.) Mer.V. l. ii. 103 set a deep glass of
Jiliinish w'ltie on the c. casket, John iv. ii. 198 upon
c. feet;— a.i\v. in an oppcsite direction 1H4 v. v. 4
turn, our offers contrary.
contra'ry vl).: to ojipose, iJiivart Rom. i. v. 89.
contrive' : to devise, plan, esp. to plot R2 i. i. 96
treiisons . . . Coiiijilotteil and c-d, H5 v. ii. 6. Troil.
I. iii. 201, Ham. n. ii. 220 c. the means of meeting ;
alxsol. Mer.V. iv. i. 363, Ca^s. ii. iii. 16.'
contrive^ : to spend, pass (time) Shr. i. ii. 279*
Phase ye ice may contrive this afternoon.
control: to overpower, overmaster Tp. i. ii. 373,
Cor. in. i. \%0 the til whicli doth c. 7 (cf. Romans
vii. 19), Sonn. xx. 1 all hues in liis c-iny, evil. 3.
controller: censorious critic, detractor 2H6 in.
ii. 205 an arrogant c, Tit. n. iii. 60 Saucy c. of
our private steps.
controlment : restraint, check John i. i. 20 ; very
common in 16th-17th cent, in witliout c. Ado i.
iii. 21, Tit. II. i. 68.
controversy: Cfes. i. ii. lOQ hearts of c. = courage
that contended with the violence of the stream.
convenience (1 the usual Eliz. sense)
1 fitness, aptitude, propriety Meas. in. i. 259, All's
W. in. ii. 75 (dl the honour That good c. claims.
2 ]il. comforts, advantages, Troil. in. iii. 7* certain
and possess'd c-s, Oth. n. i. 236' tliese required c-s.
conveniency : fitness Mer.V. iv. i. 82: advantage
Oth. IV. ii. 178.
convenient: fitting, proper, becoming Meas. iv.
iii. Ill, MND. III. i. 2 a iiiarvel'oiis c. place for our
rehearsal, 2H6 i. iv. 9, Tit. v. ii. 90, Lr. v. i. 36 ;
so conveniently Mer.V. n. viii. 45.
convent vb. : to summon, convene Meas. v. i. 158,
H8 V. i. 52, Cor. ii. ii. 59 ; Tw.N. v. i. 394'* When
, . .golden time c-s ( = either 'summons' or 'is
convenient ').
conventicle: secret meeting 2Hfi in. i. 166.
conversation (cf. 'of upright c' Psalm xxxvii. 14)
1 intercourse AH'sW. i. iii. 242 the c. of my thenu/hts,
R3 III. V. 30, Ham. in. ii. 60, Cym. i. iv. 118.
2 behaviour, conduct Wiv. n. i. 25, Otii. nt. iii.
264 tliose soft parts of c, Ant. ii. vi. 130, Per. n.
(iower 9 ; pi. manners 2H4 v. v. 106.
converse sb. (not pre-S.) : intercourse, (hence)
conversation Ham. ii. i. 42 Your party inc., Oth.
in. i. 40 J/o!(r c. and business; phrase c. of breath
LLL. V. li. 743.
converse vb.: to hold intercourse, associate with
(tn(|.i. •iTlie nio<l. sense of 'talk' is post-S.
conversion: change lo .soniething better or higher
AYL. IV. iii. 138 my c. So sweetly tastes, John r.
i. 189 'Tis too respective and too sociable for your
ronvcrsiou ('for one who has undergone such a
change of rank as you have ').
COKVEBT —
convert (used of religious eliange Mer.V. iii. v. 37)
1 trans, to turn in another direction AYL. v. iv. 168
c-ed . . .from liis mtirprisc, Sonn. vii. 11 The (tji^
. . . c-(d are From his low tract.
2 intr. to turn away or aside Sonn. xi. 4 uhoi than
from youth c-est, xiv. 12.
3 to appropriate to Jler.V. iii. ii. 108.
4 to change /«^osometiiing else Ado ir. iii. 72, Hani.
V. i. 233 that loam, irhcreto he ivas c-cd ; intr. for
passive, to undergo a cliange Ado i. i. 127 Cotirtaij
itself must c. to disdain, Mac. iv. iii. 228.
convertite (common Eliz.) : convert AYL. v. iv.
191, Jolin V. i. 19 Hut since you are a gentle con-
vertite, Lucr. 743.
convey (pliysical senses are fieq.)
1 euphemism for ' to steal ' Wiv. i. iii. 30, R2 iv. i.
317 ; cf. Cym. i. i. 63. [74.
2 red. to represent oneself, pass oneself off H5 1. ii.
3 to manage with secrecy Mac. iv. iii. 71, Lr. i. ii.
12 / will . . . c. the business as I shtdljind means.
conveyance (sense of ' vehicle' is fii-st in S.)
1 escort, conduct, convoy Ham. iv. iv. 3' Claims the
c. of a jiritmis'd march (Qj Cranes a free passe and
condne't) Oier his kinrjiloin, 0th. i. iii. 287 To his c,
I assign my irife.
2 removal R3 iv. iv. 284 ilaeVst quick conveyance.
3 document by ■which transference of property is
effected Hani. v. i. 118 The very c. of his lands will
hardly lie in this bnx.
4 cunning management, tinderliand dealing, trick-
ery, jugglery Ado ii. i. 255 ii ith such impossible c,
IHG I. iii. 2, 3H6 in. iii. IGO Thy sly cimveijinice.
5 channel for conveying liquid Cor. v. i. 55 these
conveyances of our blond.
G means of transport Wiv. in. iii. 136.
conveyer: thief (S.) R2 iv. i. 317.
convict ]>i)Ic.: proved guilty R3 i. iv. 196.
convicted : defeated John in. iv. 2 armadoofc. .mil.
convince (2 cf. 'AYhich of you convinceth me of
sin? ' John viii. 46)
1 to overcome Mac. l. vii. 64 his tito chamberlains
Will I with vine.. . c, iv. iii. 142, 0th. iv. i. 28,
Cym. I. iv. 109, Per. i. ii. 123.
2 to prove guilty q/'Troil. ii. ii. 130.
3 to give proof of LLL. v. ii. 754*.
convive (S.) : to feast together Troil. iv. v. 271.
convocation : assembly Ham. iv. iii. 21 a certain
c. of politic norms : gathering of provincial synod
of clergy H5 i. i. 761
convoy: means of conveyance or transport AlTsW.
IV. iii. 10.3, H5 iv. iii. 37 crowns for c. put into his
pur.ie, Rom. ir. iv. 205 cords . . . Which . . . Must be
iin/ coniny, Ham. I. iii. 3.
convulsion : cramp Tp. iv. i. 262.
cony : laliliit AYL. iii. ii. 361, Yen. 687.
cony-catch : to cheat Wiv. i. i. 129, i. iii. 34, Shr.
IV. i. 45, V. i. 101.
coop : to enclose for protection or defence John ii.
i. 25f-x/ro)H other lands her islanders, 3H6 v. i. 109.
copatain: high sugar-loaf hat Shr. v. i. 69.
"] I 'rigiri unascertained ; other forms were ' cop-
iiitank". ' coppid tank ", 'coptank".
cope sb. : the firmament Per. iv. vi. Vi6 under thee.
cope vb. (1 and 2 not pre-S.; 3 only S.)
1 intr. to come into contact with, liave to do with
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 437 The royal fool thou cop'st
wilh. Ham. ni. ii. 60, Lucr. 99.
2 trans, to meet, encounter AYL. ii. i. 67 / lore to c.
him in these sullen fits, H8 i. ii. 78, Troil. i. ii. 34,
Lr. V. iii. 126 (Qq c. withal), 0th. IV. i. 87, Yen. 88S
irho shall cope him first. [iv. i. 41.3.
3 to match (a thing) with (an equivalent) Mor.V.
copesmate: companion Lixcr. W2b Mis-shapen Time,
ce'jKsmatc nfiii/ly Xiyhf.
47 COST
copp'd : jieaked Per. i. i. 101 Copp'd hills.
copulative : used Inimorously = one about to be
married AYL. v. iv. 58 the country copulatives.
copy ( = ' specimen of penmanship ' in 2H6 iv. ii. 99)
1 copyhold, tenureof land 'by copy", i.e. according
to the copy of the manorial court-roll, (fig.) Mac.
III. ii. 38 in them nature's copy's not eternc.
2 pattern, example All'sW. i. ii. 46 a copy to these,
youni/er limef, John iv. ii. 113, H5 in. i. 24, Tim.
in. iii. 32 talus virtuous copies to be nicked.
3 original Sonn. xi. 14 nor let that copy die.
4 minutes or memoranda of a conference, (hence)
subject-matter, theme Err. v. i. 62 the copy of our
conftrence.
coranto : quick dance H5 in. v. 33 .'iwift coreintos.
cordial: restorative, comforting Wint. i. ii. 318,
v. iii. 77 conlial comfort, Cym. i. v. 64.
core (2 S. phrase imitated by later writers)
1 central part of an ulcer Troil. ii. i. 7 a botchy c;
fig. V. i. 4 thou core of envy, v. viii. 1.
2 heart's c. perhaps containing a play on Latin
' cor ' = heart Ham. in. ii. 78.
Corinth; (allusively) hou.se ofilliiame Tim. ii.ii. 72.
Corinthian: gay, spirited fellow 1H4 ii. iv. 13.
co-rival: to vie with Troil. i. iii. 44. (Cf. corkivai,.)
corky : withered Lr. in. vi '. 29 his corky arms.
cormorant : glutton (fig.) R2 ii. i. .38 I.ii/ht vanity.
insatiate c; attrib. = ravenous, rapacious LLL. i.
i. 4, Troil. ii. ii. 6 this cormorant war. Cor. i. i. 127
the cormorant belly.
corn : pipes of c, i.e. of oat-straw MND. ii. i. 67.
corner : (fig!) place of concealment H8 in. i. 31.
corner-cap : app. some kind of three-cornered cap
LLL. IV. iii. 53.
comet : company of cavalry, so called from its
standard, which was orig. a long horn-sliaped .
pennon 1H6 iv. iii. 25.
cornuto (cf. horn) : cuckold Wiv. iii. v. 74.
corollary : surplus Tp. iv. i. 67 briny a corollary,
lia/lur thein want a spirit.
coronet: chaplet, garland MND. iv. i. 58, Ham.
IV. vii. 173.
corporal sb.: LLL. iil. i. 197 And I to be n c. of his
[Cupid's] field. ^ ' Corporals of the field ' were
superior officers of the army in the 16th and 17tb
cent., who acted as assistants or aides-de-camp
to the sergeant-major.
corporal adj. (2 in common use 1520-1700)
1 bodily Meas. m. i. 78, Mac. i. vii. 80.
2 material, physical LLL. iv. iii. 86 .she is but c,
Mac. I. iii. 81 what .leem'd c. incited As breath.
corporate: belonging to a body of persons Tim.
n. ii. 214 a joint and corporate voice.
correctioner (S.) : one who administers correction
2H4 V. iv. 23 you filthy famished correctioner.
correspondent : responsive, submissive Tp. i. ii.
297 I nil! Ill correspiiiahnt to command.
corrigible 1 2 ct. ■ bear a reasonable c. hand ' Jonsoii)
1 submissive Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 74 Bis c. neck.
2 correcting 0th. i. iii. 330 the . . . c. authority.
COrrival (old edd. corrival{l and cejrival{l ; 2 cf. for
the meaning competitor and rival)
1 rival 1114 i. iii. 207 Without corrival.
2 partner 1H4 iv. iv. 31 many moe corrirals.
corroborate: used absurdly in H5 ii. i. 130.
co'rrosive .sb.: sharp or caustic remedy 2H6 in.
ii. 403.
co'rrosive adj.: fietting, wasting 1H6 in. iii. 3
('(()■( is no litre, but rather c. (Ffb s rorrasive).
corruptibly : so as to be corrupt John v. vii. 2.
corse (tVe<|.) : corpse R3 i. ii. 32, C«s. in. i. 199.
cost (tlie following senses are obs.)
1 outlay, expense Ado i. i. 100 the fashion of the
iioiiil is to avoid cost.
COSTARD - 48
2 costly thing Mcas. i. iii. 10, AYL. ii. vii. 76 The
r. of princes, 2H4 i. iii. 60 (said of a building),
Sonn. Ixiv. '_', xci. \Q prouder than ciarmcnls' cost.
costard : orig. a large kind of apple, applied
liuniurously to the head Wiv. iii. i. 14, LLL. ill.
i. 73, K3 1. iv. 160, Lr. iv. vi. 248.
costerniongfer (orig. sellerof costard apples) : used
contemptuously = ' commerciar 2H4 i. ii. 193 in
tlnse iv^tini(0>ii/tr times.
costly : lavish, rich Mer.V. ii. ix. 94 c. summer.
co-supreme: co-equal in supremacy Phoen. 61.
cote sb.: cottage AYL. iir. ii. 454 (Fi Coat).
cote vb. (orig. a coursing term) : to pass beyond,
outstrip Ham. il. ii. 338 ive cotid them on the miij
(Fi coafal).
cot-quean : man that busies himself unduly with
matters belonging to tlie housewife's province
Kom. IV. iv. 6.
Cotswold : Wiv. i. i. 93 (Fi Cotsnll), 2H4 iii. ii. 23
(Fi ('o/-.s(t?-Hif()i=athletic man, such as inhabited
the Cotswold Hills, famous for athletic sports).
couch (the gen. senses are ' lay ' and ' lie ')
1 to cause to crouch Lucr. 507 a falcon ioweriwj in
the skies, Coucheth thefoni below.
2 to lower to the position of attack 1H6 in. ii. 134
A hrarcr soliUer never couched hence.
3 to lie hidden or in ambush Wiv. v. ii. 1, AlTsW.
IV. i. 24c., ho! here he comes, Tit. v. ii. 38, Ham.
V. i. 244, Lr. in. i. 12.
coiiched : lying, csp. lying concealed Wiv. v. iii.
14 (. in a pit, Ado in. i. 30, Tim. n. ii. 182 Tliese
flies lire c. Ham. ii. ii. 485 ; fig. R2 i. iii. OS 17)7((c
ii'ith valour c. in tliine eye, Troil. i. i. 41 sorrow,
thai ISC. in seeininn (jliulness ; expressed 2H6lli. i.
179 worels . . . clerkly c.
couching' vbl. sb.: low bowing Cnes. in. i. 36.
couching' pple.: represents the heraldic term
'couchant' = lying 1H4 in. i. 152 A c. lion.
council : spec, the body of the king's privy coun-
cillors AViv. I. i. 35, K2 I. iii. 124, 2H6 ii. i. 174,
H8iv. i. 112.
counsel (sense of ' legal adviser ' occurs in 2H4 i.
ii. 155, Cyni. i. iv. 185)
1 consultation, deliberation, consideration Ado n.
iii. 221, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 422, 1H4 iv. iii. 11
I hold as little c. with weak feur As yon ( = consult
fear), 2H6 i. i. 98.
2 private or secret purpose, secret, inmost tliought
Ado in. iii. 91 keep your fellows' c-s ami your own.
Cor. I. ii. 2 they of Rome are enter d in onr c-s,
Hani. IV. ii. 11 ; in c, in private, in secret Wiv. i.
i. 123 ; so counsel-keeper 2H4 ii. iv. 290,
counsel-keeping Tit. ii. iii. 24.
counsellor :
1 jirivy councillor H8 i. i. 219 (Fj Councelluur ;
chaiirillijr f).
2 legal advocateMeas. I. u.Wofjijod c-s lack no clients.
count sb. (cf. COMPT)
1 reckoning, account Rom. i. iii. 71, Ant. n. vi. 54,
.Sonn. ii. 11 Shall sum mij c.\ phr. out of (all) c,
incalculable Gent. ii. i. 64-65.
2 legal indictment Ham. iv. vii. 17 a public count.
count vb.: to make account n/'Gent. ii, i. 67.
Count Comfect: Ado iv. i. 322 'my Lord Lollipop'
(Staunton) ; juubably with |ilav on the legal sense
of 'eniint'=eliari:e, iiidictiiieiit.
counted: aecuunted, esteemed K3 iv. i. 46.
countenance sli. (tlie precise meaning of many
ili-,taMres is doubtful) "■
1 bearing, demeanour AYL. n.vii. 108//(C c. Of slim
romimniihiicnf, Slir. iv. ii. 65, v. i. 41*, 1H4 v. i. 69
unkind nsin/e, danyeroas e., Lr. i. ii. 177.
2 (?)Hhow, pretence Meas. v. i. 119 the toil which is
here nrnjit n/i In 'vmilenancc.
-COURSE
3 favour, patronage AYL. i. i. 19', 1H4 i. ii. 33 under
whose c. we steal, 174, 2H4 iv. ii. 13, 24, Cor. v. v.
[vi.] 40, Ham. i. iii. 113 hath i/iven c. to his speech.
countenance vb.: to be in keeping with, give
a suitable accompaniment to Slir. iv. i. 101*,
Mac. II. iii. 87*.
counter sb.: Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 38 (see compter),
Troil. II. ii. 28 (Fj Counters, Q Compters) ; used =
debased coin Csbs. iv. iii. 80 ; typically of a thing
of no intrinsic value AYL. n. vii. 63.
counter adv.: (hunting term) following the trail
in a direction opposite to that which the game
has taken Err. iv. ii. 39 A hound that runs c,
2H4 I. ii. 102, Ham. iv. v. 110 this is c, you false
Danish doi/s. ^ In tlie first two instances there
is a quibble on the ' Counter ' or debtors' prison,
cf. COUNTER-GATE.
counter-caster (S.) : contemptuous name for an
aritliiiietieiau Uth. I. i. 31.
counterchange : exchange Gym. v. v. 397.
countercheck: rebuke in reply to one from an-
otlier person AYL. v. iv. 85 the ' counlercliick
ijaiirnhome' ; check John ii. i. 224 Nave brouijlit
countercheck before your gates.
counterfeit sb. : image, likeness, portrait Mer.V.
III. ii. 115 Fair Portia's counterfeit, Tim. v. i. 85,
Mac. II. iii. 83 sleep, deatli's counterfeit, Lucr. 1269,
Sonn. xvi. 8, liii. 5.
counterfeit (2 a rare use)
1 deceitful, false H5 in. vi. 64 an arrant c. rascal,
V. i. 73, Tim. iv. iii. 113.
2 portrayed Ham. in. iv. 54.
counter-gate : gate of the Counter, a name for
debtors' prisons in London, Southwark and else-
wliero Wiv. in. iii. 85.
countermand (obs. uses)
1 to ojijiose the power of Lucr. 276.
2 to prohibit Err. iv. ii. 37 c-s The mssayes of alleys.
counterpart: copy, reproduction Sonn. Ixxxiv. 11.
counterpoint : counterpane Shr. ir. i. 345.
counterpoise : compensation, equivalent All'sW.
II. iii. 182.
counterseal (S.) ; to seal with an additional seal
by way of further sanction Cor. v. iii. 205.
countervail: to equal, counterbalance Rom. n. vi.
4, Per. II. iii. 56 Had }iot a show miyhl c. his north.
coiintless (not pre-S.) : in Ven. 84 Qq comptles{se.
country : man of countries, traveller John i. i. 193.
county : count (freq.) Mer.V. i. ii. 48.
coupleinent (2 cf. ' a comely couplement' Spenser)
1 coupling, union Sonn. xxi. 5.
2 couple, pair LLL. v. ii. 533 most royal c.
coviplet : pair, couple (S.) Tw.N. iii. iv. 414 a c. or
two of niost sai/e saws. Ham. v. i. 309 (the pigeon
lays only two eggs at a time and the newly
hatched birds are covered with yellow down).
courage (the foil. obs. uses began in 14th cent.)
1 spirit, disposition 3H6 n. ii. 57 this soft c, Cor.
m. iii. 90, iv. i. 3.
2 desire, inclination Tim. in. iii. 24 c. to do him
i/ood : sexual inclination, lust Ven. 276 liis hoi c.
courageous : used blunderingly in MND. iv. ii. 28.
courta : to bow Ham. in. iv. 155 (mod. edd. ctirb).
course sb. (obs. or special uses are)
1 current, freq. of a river ; of air 2H4 iv. v. 149
found no c. of breath within your majesty ; c. of the
sun, a year H8 n. iii. 6, Sonn. lix. 6 ; no yearly c,
John nr. i. 81.
2 customary ju-occdure, habit Meas. in. ii. 244,
Troil. 1. iii. 9, Ham. nr. iii. 83 in our circuinstance
and c. of thuuijht ; csp. pi. liabits, way of life,
goings-on Mcas. n. i. 201, H5 i. i. 24, Otli. iv. i. 290.
3 regular order or process Ado v. iv. 6 the true c. of
all the question, John i. i. 113 Ihc c. of time, H5 v.
COURSE - 4
Clior. 4, Lr. iii. vii. 101 the old c. o/ileuUi ( =iiatural
death), Otli. I. ii. 8(5; in c. = in due course, as a
matter of course Meas. in. i. 260.
4 line of action, method of procedure (freq.) Tp. n.
i. 295, Lr. i. iii. 27 To hold mij nry course {= ' to
take the same course as I do ').
5 point of the compass Tp. i. i. 55' Set her tiro c-s
off to sen af/ain ; some place a colon at c-s, which
is tlien taken = ' sails '.
6 in bear-baiting, one of a succession of attacks
Mac. V. vii. 2 bear-like I must fyht the c, Lr. iii.
vii. 54.
course vb.: to pursue AYL. ii. i. 39, Mac. i. vi. 21,
Lr. iiT. iv. 56 to c. his own shadow, Ant. iii. xi.
[xiii.] 11 to c. your flijiufi flufis.
coursing' : marauding H5 i. ii. 143 c. snntchcrs.
court-cupboard ^^ movable sideboard or cabinet
used to display plate, &c., Rom. i. v. 8 remote the
coiirt-cupbouyd, look to tlie plate.
courteous : as a formula of address, orig. to
superiors Troil. v. ii. 182 Jfi/ c. lord, Rom. ill. ii. 62.
courtesy (usu. 3 syll., but in a few instances 2 syll.,
where old edd. have curtsic, cursic, mod. edd.
court'sy, ciirl'sy, curtsy)
1 good mannei-s MND. in. ii. 147 If you were ciiil
and knew c; sense of what good manners requii's
Mer. V. V. i. 217 I ivas beset with shame and c.
2 obeisance, bow (freq.) LLL. i. ii. 67, Troil. ii. iii.
115 The elephanchath jointsbut none for c; acom-
mon phr. was to make c. Ado ii. i. 57, AYL. Epil.
24; fig. Meas. ii. iv. 176 (cf. Lr. in. vii. 26
' yield to wrath '). [49.
3 c. of nations, usage of civilized peojjles AYL. i. i.
court-hand: style of handwriting in use in the
f^nglish law-courts from the 16th cent, to the
reign of George II, 2H6 iv. ii. 105.
courtier : one who courts, wooer Ant. ii. vi. 17 c-s
of beauteous freedom.
courtly (2 courtlike is also used Wiv. n. ii. 242)
1 belonging to or connected with the court All"sAV.
in. iv. 14 c. friends, 2H6 i. i. 27 c. company.
2 befitting the court, elegant, refined AYL. in. ii.
73 too c. a wit, Troil. in. i. 31, Cym. in. v. 71.
3 (in an unfavourable sense) characteristic of the
fiilse manners of courtiere Tim. v. i. 30 To promise
is most coiirtly.
court of guard : guard room, guard house 1H6 ii.
i. 4, Otli. II. i. 221 (cf. iii. 218), Ant. iv. ix. 2. [44)
courtship (not pre-S.; = 'wooing' in Mer. V. ii. viii.
1 courtliness of manners LLL. v. ii. 364 Trim gal-
lants, full of c, 788, AYL. in. ii. 3C8 (with play
on sense 'wooing'), 2H6 i. iii. 57, 0th. ii. i. 172
(Qi courtesies).
2 state befitting a court or courtier Rom. in. iii. 34.
3 paying of court to anyone R2 i. iv. 24.
cousin (the ordinary mod. sense is freq.)
1 collateral relative more distant than brother or
sister, formerly very freq. applied to nephew or
niece, as in Ado l. ii. 2, AYL. i. ii. 166; also
= uncle Tw.N. i. v. 130, v. i. 316 ;=brotber-in-law
1H4 in. i. 52.
2 in legal language, often formerly applied to the
next of kin, including direct ancestors and
descendants; so=grandchild in John ni. iii. 17,
R3 II. ii. 8, II. iv. 9, 0th. i. i. 113.
3 used by a sovereign in formally addressing or
mentioning another sovereign or a nobleman
Meas. v. i. 165, R3 in. iv. 35.
covenants : clauses or articles of a contract Sbr.
II. i. 128, 1H6 V. iv. 114, v. v. 88, Cym. i. iv. 60.
covent : early form of 'convent' sui-viving in
' Covent Garden ' Meas. iv. iii. 137, H8 iv. ii. 19.
cover (f ommon Eliz. senses are the foil.)
1 to spread the cloth for a meal ; trans. Mer.V, m.
I -CBANK
V. 65 c. the table ; intr. AYL. ii.,v. 31 Sirs, c. the
while, 2H4 II. iv. 11.
2 intr. and pass, to put on one's hat Mer.V. n. ix.
44 How many then should c. that stand bare, AYL.
III. iii. 83 pray be covered.
covert'st : most secret R3 in. v. 32. [ii. l:i.
coverture : covering, cover Ado in. i. 30, 3H6 iv.
covet : to have inordinate desire /oc IHG v. iv. 145.
covetousness : strong or inordinate desire John
IV. ii. 29 Th(y do confound their skill in c.
coward : to render timorous H5 ii. ii. 75.
fcowardship : cowardice Tw.N. iii. iv. 425.
cowish : cowardly Lr. iv. ii. 12 cowisk terror.
cowl-staff: pole on which a 'cowl' or basket is
borne between two persons Wiv. in. iii. 157.
cox : spelling of ' cock's ' = God's, All'sW. v. ii. 44
Cox my passion !
coxcomb (the sense of ' fool " is most freq.)
1 cap worn by a professional fool, like a cock's
comb in shape and colour Wiv. v. v. 149, Slu'. n.
i. 224, Lr. i. iv. 117.
2 ludicrous appellation for the head Wiv. in. i. 91,
Tw.N. V. i. 180 a bloody c, H5 V. i. 45, Lr. n.
iv. 125.
coy adj.: distant, di.sdainful, Gent. i. i. 30, Shr. ii.
i. 238 rouf/h and coy and sullen, Yen. 96, 112, my
coy disdain.
coy vb. (twice only ; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 to stroke caressingly, pat MND. iv. i. 2.
2 to disdain Cor. v. i. 6 if he coy'd To hear Cominius
speak.
coystril : see coistrel.
coz (= corsiN in its ditferenr K,'plications)
1 = nephew Jolni in. iii. 17, Rom. i. v. 69; =uncle
Tw.N. I. V. 143; =brother-in-law 1H4 ni. i. 79.
2 =cousiN 2, 1H4 I. i. 91, H5 iv. iii. .30 {Ficouze).
cozen : to cheat (trans, and intr.) Mer.V. n. ix. 38,
All's W. IV. iv. 23 c-d thoughts, Lr. v. iii. 156, 0th.
IV. ii. 1.32 c-ing slave, Lucr. 387 C-ing the pillow of
a lawful kiss • so cozenage, cheating Ham. v.
ii. ()!', cozener, impostor Lr. iv. vi. 168.
cozier : ccihblcr Tw.N. ll. iii. 99 coziers' catches.
crack si).': flaw, defect LLL. v. ii. 416, Wint. I. ii.
322 / cannot Believe this c. to be in my dread mis-
tress ; breach 0th. n. iii. 333. ^ In crack of doom
Mac. IV. i. 117 the ref. is either to the thunder-
crash of the judgement-day or the blast of the
archangel's trumpet.
crack sb.^ (not pre-S.): lively or pert little boy
2H4 III. ii. 34 when a' was a c, not thus high. Cor.
I. iii. 74.
crack vb.: to utter (a boast) loudly or smartly Cym.
V. V. 178 onr brags Were c-'d ; (hence) to boast
LLL. IV. iii. 268 Eihiops of their sweet complexion c.
cracker : boaster John ii. i. 147.
crack-hemp (S.): gallows-bird Shr. v. i. 47. ^ A
variant of the usual word of the period, ' crack-
halter '.
cradle: place of repose MND. in. i. 83, Ven. 1185.
cradle : to lie as in a cradle (S.) Tp. i. ii. 461 husks
^^'llerein the acorn cradled.
craft : to make a (good) job of it (S.) Cor. iv. vi. 119
you have crafted fair !
crafty (2 extension of the ordinary use)
1 skilfully wrought Ado in. i. 22 crafty arrows.
2 feigned John iv. i. 53 you may think my lore 7ras
c. love ; cf. crafty-sick, feigning sickness 2H4
Ind. .37.
cramm'd reason : Troil. ii. ii. 49"^.
crank sb.: winding path Cor. i. i. US though the c-s
and offices of man.
crank vb.: to run in a winding course, zigzag 1H4
III. i. 99 how this river comes me c-ing in, Ven. 682
[the hare] c-s and crosses.
CRAITNIED -
50
CRUDY
crannied : like a cranny (S.) MND. v. i. ICO.
Grants: garland, wreath Ham. v.i. 254 aUoivdher
virgin crants (Ff riien). HTlie word ( = German
'kranz') occurs in the Eliz. period also in the
forms 'cranse, craunce, corance.'
craret (variant spelling of ' crayer ') : small trad-
ing vessel Cyni. iv. ii. 205 (old edd. care).
crave (unusual sense) : to beg to know Slir. ii. i.
ISO /'// craie the daij V/hm I shall ask the banns.
craven sb.: cock that is not ' game ' Slir. ii. i. 22G.
craven vb.: to render cowardly Cym. in. iv. 80.
craver : beggar Per. ir. i. 94. H In use 1400-1600.
craze : to break, impair R3 iv. iv. 17 c-'d iinj voice.
crazed : impaired, unsound MND. i. i. 92 Thyc. tide.
crazing : (?) shattering H5 iv. iii. 105 (see graze
vh.-i.
crazy : broken d.iwn, decrepit IHG in. ii. 89 c. age.
cream : to ionn a scum Mer.V. i. i. 87 cnam and
inantle like a standing pond.
cream-fac'd : pale Mac. v. iii. 11 f. lonn.
create pple. : created MND. v. ii. 35 [i. 412] the issue
tlure. c, .John iv. i. 107, H5 n. ii. 31 hearts c. of
da/ij and of zeal.
credent (2 for similar use of an active form with
passive sense cf. intrenchant)
1 believing, trustful Ham. i. iii. 30 with too c. ear,
C'ompl. 279 Lending. ..c. sonlto that strong-bonded
oath.
2 credible Meas. iv. iv. 29 my eenihoritij hears so
credent hulk, Wint. i. ii. 142.
credit sb.: report (S.) Tw.N. iv. iii. 6.
credit vb.: to do credit to, honour Shr. iv. i. 106.
creek : narrow or winding passage Err. iv. ii. 38 ;
winding part of a rivulet Cym. iv. ii..l51.
crescent : growing, increasing Ham. i. iii. 11, Ant.
ir. i. 10 Ml/ pollers are c, Cym. i. iv. 2 of a c. note.
crescive : growing H5 i. i. 66 c. in his faculty.
cresset: open lamp or fire-basket set up to a beacon,
transi'. lH4iii. i. 15.
crest sh. (fig. uses of 1 and 4 coincide ; the allusion
in John v. iv. 34 is doubtful ; LLL. iv. iii. 256
bianiy's tcci/ = brightness)
1 comb, tuft of feathers, or the like on an animal's
liead, only fig. 1H4 i. i. 99 bristle up The c. of
youth, Troil. I. iii. 380 make him fall Bis c, Cor.
iv. v. 226.
2 device placed on a wreath, coronet, &c., and
borne above the shield and helmet in a coat of
arms, often fig. Wiv. v. v. 6J Eetch . . . coat, and
seeeral c, MND. iii. ii. 214 like coats in heretldry. . .
crotemd with one c, AYL. iv. ii. 64, Shr. ii. i. 224,
John IV. iii. 46, 2H6 v. i. 202 old Xevil's c, The
rampant bear.
3 helmet (orig. plume of feathers, &c., on a helmet,
or the conical top of it) John ii. i. 317, Mac. v.
vii. 40 [viii. 11], Yen. 104.
4 ridge of the neck of a horse or dog Caes. iv. ii. 26,
Ven. 272 his braided hanging mane Upon his com-
pass'd crest.
crest vb. : to serve as a crest to, to top Ant. v. ii. 83
hisrear'darm C-ed the world (some heraldic crests
were of tlie form of a raised arm on a wreath).
crestless : having no heraldic crest 1H6 ii. iv. 85.
crest-wounding : disgracing the crest or cogni-
zance Lucr. 828 crest-wounding, private scar.
crewel: worsted Lr. ii. iv. 1 c. garters {Fi 12 cruell).
cribb'd: confined, hampered Mac. iii. \\.'2i cabin d,
erihli'd, eonfin'd. ^ In mod. use gen. an echo of S.
crimeftil : criminal Ham. iv. vii. 7 ((l([criminall),
Lucr. 1170.
cringe : to distort (the face) Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 100.
cripple: lame 115 iv. Chor. 20 (old edd. creeph).
crisp :
1 curled, rijipled Tp. iv. i. \i(i Leave your c. channels,
1H4 I. iii. 106 who [swifi Severn] hid his c. head in
the hollow bank.
2 (?) shining, clear Tim. IV. iii. 184* heloiv c. heaven.
crisped: curled Mer.V. in. ii. 92 those c. . . . locks.
critic adj.: censorious LLL. iv. iii. 170 c. Timon;
so critical (not pre-S.) with the same meaning
MND. V. i. 54 satire, keen and c; critic sb. (not
pie-S.) fault-finder, caviller LLL. in. i. 186.
crone: witliered old woman Wint. 11. iii. 76.
crook-back : hunchback 3H6 n. ii. 96 ; — adj.
hunchbacked 3H6 i. iv. 75 tliat valiant c. prodigy.
crooked (fig. uses date from the ISth cent.)
1 false H5 i. ii. 94 their crooked titles.
2 perverse, malignant Gent. iv. i. 22 c. fortune,
2H6 v. i. 158, V. vi. 79, H8 v. iii. 44 c. midicc.
crop (3 not recorded before S.)
1 to gather, pluck R2 n. i. 134, 1H4 v. iv. 73.
2 to lop off R3 I. ii. 248 ; fig. Per. i. i. 141.
3 intr. to yield a crop Ant. n. ii. 233* he ploughed
her, and she cropt. [iii. 74.
crop-ear (not pre-S.) : crop-eared animal 1H4 n.
cross sb.: coin, properly, one having on it the
representation of a cross (usu. quibblingly) LLL.
I. ii. 37, AYL. n, iv. 12, 2H4 i. ii. 257.
cross adj.:
1 passing from side to side Cues. i. iii. 50 c. blue
lightning (i.e. forked), Lr. iv. vii. 35.
2 perver.s'e H8 in. ii. 215 what c. divil, Rom. iv. iii.
5 my slate, Which . . . is c. etndfull of sin ; inclined
to quarrel or disagree Shr. 11. i. 244 c. in talk, R3
III. i. 126, Tit. II. iii. 53.
cross ad v.: iroiccrosi', broken across the adversary's
body Ado v. i. 142.
cross vb. (2 the commonest S. sense)
1 to meet, face Ham. i. i. 127.
2 to thwart, go counter to MND. i. i. 150, Mac.^in.
i. 81 How . . . borne in hand, how cross d, Ven. 734.
3 to debar from 3H6 in. ii. 127 To c. me from the
golden time I look for.
4 puss, to have one's debts crossed off or cancelled
(i|uibl)lingly) Tim. i. ii. 170* ^\'hcn alls spent, he'd
he cross'd tian, an lie could.
cross-gartered: wearing garters above and below
tlie knee so as to cross behind it Tw.N. 11. v. 169,
&c.; so cross-gartering in. iv. 23.
crossing: cuntiadiction 1H4 in. i. 36.
cross-row : more fully ' Christ- ' or ' criss-cross-
row ', the alphabet, so called from the cross
formerly prefixed to it in primers R3 r. i. 55.
crotchet: used with play on the senses 'whim,
fancy ' and ' musical note ' Ado 11. iii. 59, Rom.
IV. V. 120.
crow : crowbar Err. in. i. 80, Rom. v. ii. 21.
crowd : to squeeze, crush (lit. and fig.) 2H4 iv. ii.
34, C»s. n. iv. 36.
crow-flower: buttercup Ham. iv. vii. 170. •? So
in mod. north-midland use ; Gerarde (1597) gives
the name to the Ragged Robin.
crow-keeper : one employed to keep rooks away
from corn-fields, also = scarecrow Rom. i. iv. 6,
Lr. IV. vi. 8d handles his how like a crow-keeper.
crown sb.: triple c, the papal tiara 2H6 i. iii. 66.
•[1 There are many instances of puns on various
senses MND. i. ii. 100, H5 iv. i. 248, Lr. i. iv. 172.
See also French crown.
crowner : by-form of ' coroner ' assimilated to
' crown ' Tw.N. i. v. 142, Ham. v. i. 4 The c. hath
set on tar, 23.
crownet : liy-form of 'coronet' (cf. prcc.) Ant. v.
ii. 91.
crown-imperial: handsome fritillary, Fritillaria
imperialis, a native of the Levant, cultivated in
Englisli gardens Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 126.
crudy (Q): 'curdy', thick2H-liv, iii. 106(Fi cruddii).
CRUEIi
cruel: Lr. ii. Iv. 7, see crewel;— sb. pi. cruelties
Lr. in. vii. 65.
cruelly : excessively H5 v. ii. 214 Ilote thee c.
cruelty : concr. cruel person Tw.N. i. v. 309 Fare-
ivill, fair crudti;, u. iv. 82.
crusado, cruzado: Portuguese coin, oiig. of gold,
bearing the figure of a cross Otli. iir. iv. 27.
crush: to discuss (a cup of wine) Rom. i. ii. 86.
crush'd: forced, strained H5 i. ii. 175. [ii. 200.
crutch: symbol of old age LLL. iv. iii. 245, Cym. iv.
cry sb.:
1 public report, rumour Troil. iii. iii. 184 The cry
went once on thee, Otli. iv. i. 124 the cry ijocs:
2 pack of hounds MND. iv. i. 130, Cor. iir. iii. 118,
IV. vi. 149, 0th. n. iii. 373 ; applied to a company
of people Ham. iii. ii. 294.
cry vb. (' cry niercy^- pardon, grace ' belongs to 2)
1 to supplicate, appeal IHO v. iv. 53 c. for venyeance
at the (jutes of heaven, Tim. ii. i. 20 M// nsen cry to me.
2 to beg for (something) Compl. 42 'W'liere want cries
some ; to call for, demand loudly Otli. i. iii. 278
The affair cries haste.
3 to extol, ' cry up ' H8 l. i. 27 cried incomparahlc.
cry on: to invoke ■with outcry Tw.N. v. i. 03 Cried
fame and honour on him, Troil. v. v. 35 Cryint/ on
Hector ; cry down, to put down, overwhelm by
more vehement action H8 i. i. 137 c. doitn Tliis
Ipswich fellow's insolence ; cry on, (of liounds) to
yelp on the scent Shr. Ind. i. 23, Tw.N. ii. v. 137,
Ham. IV. V. 109 on the false trad Ihei/ cry : cry out,
(1) to tell plainly Rom. iir. iii. 108, (2) to be in
labour H8 v. i. 67 ; cry out of, to complain
loudIyofH5ii. iii. 29.
crystal: used of the eyes 115 ii. iii. 57, Ven. 963.
crystal-button: worn on the jerkins of vintners
lH4n. iv. 78.
cub-drawn : sucked dry by her cubs, fierce or
ravenous Lr. iii. i. 12. [286.
cuckoldly: whose wife is unfaithful Wiv. ii. ii.
cuckoo: fool, 'gowk' lH4ii. iv. 392. ^Associated
with 'cuckold' LLL. v. ii. 908, MND. ill. i. 138,
All'sW. I. iii. 68.
cuckoo-bud : some yellow flower LLL. v. ii. 904.
cuckoo-flower (not identified) : Lr. iv. iv. 4.
cudgell'd : produced by a cudgel (S.) H5 v. i. 93.
cuisses : see cusiies.
cullion : base fellow Shr. iv. ii. 20 ; so cullionly.
culverin [ultimately from Fr. 'couleuvre ', adder) :
cannon, very long in proportion to its bore 1H4
11. iii. 58.
cumber : to harass, trouble Tim. in. vi. 62 Let it
7tot c. your better remembrance. Ores. iir. i. 264.
cunning' (the sense of ' underhand craft ' is freq.)
1 knowledge Troil. v. v. 41, Cor. iv. i. 9, Tim. v.
iv. 28, Otli. III. iii. 49.
2 skill, ability Shr. Ind. i. 92, H5 v. ii. 149 I haie
no c. in protestation, Rom. ii. ii. 101, Hani. iv.
vii. 155, Ant. ii. iii. 34.
3 profession Tim. iv. iii. 210 By puttiny on the c. of
a carper.
cunning adj. (2 still in wide dial, use)
1 ' knowing ', skilful, clever Ado ii. ii. 53, v. i. 239,
Shr. I. i. 97, 191 c. schoolmasters, Rom. iv. ii. 2
cunniny cooks, Hani. iii. iv. 138.
2 cunniny man, fortune-teller, wizard 2H6iv. i. 34;
cf. cunniny witch 2H6 i. ii. 75.
3 dexterously wrought or devised R2 i. iii. 163 a c.
instrument, 0th. v. ii. 11, 332 any c. cruelty.
cup : to ply with drink, intoxicate Ant. ii. vii. 124.
Cupid's flower : the pansy, also called heartsease
and love-in-idleness MND. iv. i. 79.
cur : formerly used without depreciation of dogs of
the mastiff or other large kind Mac. in. j. 93.
*'„ Still dial. = shepherd's dog, watcli-dog.
51 -CUSTOMER
curate : priest having a cure of souls, parish priest
LLL. v. i. 123, Tw.N. iv. ii. 3, 25.
curb: to restrain from R2 i. i. 54, Cym. ii. iii. 125
you are curb'dfroiii that enlarytment. ^ Also the
usu. spelling in mod. edd. of courb.
curdled (S.): congealed Cor. v. iii. 66 the icicle
That's curdied.
curdy: see c bud y.
cure sb. (for proverbs see care)
1 remedy 118 i. iv. 33 For my little c. Let me alone.
2 stand in bold {hard) cure, are in a healthy (desper-
ate) state Lr. iir. vi. 109, 0th. ii. i. 51.
cure vb.: to bo remedied Rom. i. ii. 50.
cureless: incurable Mer.V. iv. i. 142, 3H0 ii. vi.
23, Lucr. 772.
curiosity : nicety, delicacy, fastidiousness Tim.
IV. iii. 303, Lr. i. i. 6, i. ii. 4, i. iv. 15 jealous c.
curious (meaning uncertain in some passages)
1 anxious, concerned Cym. i. vi. 191 c. . . . To have
ilieiii in safe stowaye ; causing or involving care
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 527 c. business, Troil. iii. ii. 68.
2 particular, fastidious, nice Shr. iv. iv. 36, AU'sW.
I. ii. 20 rather c. than in haste, Sonn. xxxviii. 13,
Compl. 49 c. secrecy ; careful in observation Rom.
I. iv. 31 curious eye.
3 made with care, skilfully wrought.dainty, delicate
3H6 II. v. 53, Lr. i. iv. 35 a c. tale, Cym. v. v. 362
a Most c. mantle, Per. I. i. 16, l. iv. 43, Veu. 734.
4 adv. delicately, nicely LLL. i. i. 247 c.-lcnolted
yardiii, Lucr. ViOO too curious-ejood,
curiously : fastidiously, delicately, minutely Ado
V. i. 100, Shr. IV. iii. 143 The sleeves curiously cut,
Ham. V. i. 226.
currance : current H5 i. i. 34 (Ff2 3 -ant, F4 -ent).
currentsb.: unimpeded course or progress Mer.V.
IV. i. 64 the c. of thy cruelty, 1H4 11. iii. 60 c-s of
a heady fiyht,
current adj. : often allusively used in ref. to
'current coin' = (i) common R2 v. iii. 123; (ii)
sterling, genuine 1H4 11. i. 59 holds c. (-proves
true), R3 i. ii. 84 malie No excuse c, i. iii. 256, 11.
i. 95 c.froni suspicion (= sound and not attacked
by suspicion), H8 i. iii. 47 Held c. music (ellipt. =
have it considered good music). [v. 26%
currish : (?) involving stories about beasts 3H0 v.
curry : to use flattery 2H4 v. i. 81.
cursorary (S.) : cursory H5 v. ii. 77 (Q3 cursorury,
Qi[i2 cursenary. Ft curselurie, -y).
curst (usu. spelling of ' cursed ' in the foil, uses)
1 malignant, perverse, slirewish LLL. iv. i. 36 c.
wives, Shr. 1. i. 184 c. and shrewd, 11. i. 307, 1H4 11.
iii. 51 thiclc-eycd musiny and curst melancholy.
2 savage, vicious Ado ir. i. 25 God sends a c. cow
short horns, "Wint. in. iii. 135 (of bears), Ven. 887
(of a boar).
curstness : malignancy, ill humour Ant. 11. ii. 25.
curtal: having the tail docked, applied to a common
dog Wiv. II. i. 112, Err. iii. ii. 152 ; — sb. the proper
name of a horse AU'sW. n. iii. 65.
curtle-axe [perverted form of ' cutlass ' = Fr.
' coutelas '] : broad cutting sword AYL. i. iii. 120,
H5 IV. ii. 21.
curtsy sb., .see courtesy ; vb. (old edd. frtq.cursie),
cushes: armour for the thighs 1H4 iv. i. 105.
cushion : symbol of peace and ease Cor. iv. vii. 43
From the casque to the c; a swelling simulating
pregnancy 2H4 v. iv. 17. [82.
custard-cofiin : crust over a custard Shr. rv. iii.
custerell: form of coistrel in Per. iv. vi. 181
(^412 3).
custom : of c, customary Wiv. v. v. 81 Our dance
of c, Mac. in. iv. 97, 0th. in. iii. 122 ; ivitli a c,
from liabit AVint. rv. iii. [iv.] 12.
customer: harlot All'sW. v. iii. 291, Otli. iv. i. 120.
CUSTOM-SHBtllTK
52
— SAR£
custom-shrunk : having fewer customers Meas.
I. ii. 90.
cut sb. (:{ ? one with a docked tail)
1 druii) ciilf:, draw lots Err. v. i. 425.
2 slash in a garment Ado in. iv. 19.
3 common or working horse ; (as a proper name)
1H4 II. i. 6, (as a term of abuse, cf. horse) Tw.N.
II. iii. 206 call me cut.
cut vb.:
1 to carve, represent in stone Mar. V. i. i. 84 cut in
alahdsler, Wint. v. iii. 79 uliat fine chisel Could
ever yet cut breath ?.
2 to preclude /ro»i 1H4 v. ii. 90.
cut off, (1) to make an end of, break off, cancel John
II. i. 96, H5 V. i. 88, Cies. IV. i. 9, Lr. ll. iv. 177 ;
(2) to put to death Meas. v. i. 35, Ham. i. v. 76,
I^r. TV. V. 38 ; cut out, to shape according to
a pattern, fig. Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 395.
cut and long-tail : lit. horses or dogs with docked
tails and with long tails, fig. all sorts of people
AViv. III. iv. 47.
cutpurse: pickpocket, thief Lr. in. ii. 88.
cutter: sculptor Cym. ii. iv. 83; cutter-off: inter-
rupter, curtailer AYL. i. ii. 54 the c. o/Xuture'swit.
cuttle : ? cut-throat, bully 2H4 ii. iv. 138.
Cyclops : one of a race of one-eyed giants who
forged thunderbolts for Zeus Tit. iv. iii. 46 of the
C size, Ham. il. ii. 519 the C hammers.
cynic : one of tlie same school of philosophy as
Diogenes, who carried to an extreme of asceticism
the principle of contempt for ease, wealth, and
the enjoyments of life ; (hence) surly, rude fellow
Caes. IV. iii. 132.
Cynthia : the moon personified as a goddess Rom.
III. V. 20, Yen. 728.
cypress' : tree of hard durable wood and dense
dark foliage, symbolical of mourning ; attrib.
Shr. II. i. 345 In c. chests, 2H6 iii. ii. 323, Cor. i.
X. 30 fit the c. f/rove (Ff Cyprus) ; Tw.N. n. iv. 52*
in sad c, (a) in a coffin of cypress wood, (b) on a
bier strewn with cypress.
cypress- : crape-like fabric Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 221
Cypress black as e'er 7tas croiv (some mod. edd.
ci/jirus) ; kerchief made of this, used as ' luourn-
iijg' Tw.N. in. i. 134 (see Aldis Wriglit's note).
Cytherea: Venus, Shr. Ind. ii. 53, Wint. iv. iii.
[IV.] 122.
D
daff (2 diiff'd the world aside 1H4 iv. i. 90 has been
much imitated by modern writers)
1 to put off (clothes, armour) Ant. iv. iv. 13 till wc
do please To daff't for our repose, Compl. 297 my
nh He stole . . . t daff'd.
2 to put, turn, or thrust aside Ado ii. iii. 187, v. i.
78 Canst thou so d. me?, Pilgr. xiv. 3 [183] daff'd
Vie to a cabin.
3 to put off with an excuse 0th. iv. ii. 176 (Fi dafts,
Qq dofftst).
dagg'er (S. is earliest for fig. uses exemplified in
Mer.V. III. i. 118, Mac. il. iii. 147, Ham. in. ii. 421)
1 rapier (or sword) and (/., method of lighting intro-
duced towards the end of the 16th cent, and
taking the place of sword-and-buckler fighting
Wiv. I. i. 297, Ham. v. ii. 152 ; attrib. Meas. iv.
iii. 16 the rapier and dagger man.
2 d. of lath, wooden weapon borne by Vice in the
morality plays Tw.N. iv. ii. 140, 1H4 ii. iv. 154 ;
cf. 2H4 III. ii. 347 Vice's d., H5 iv. iv. 78 pare his
nails with a wooden d. (cf. Tw.N. iv. ii. 138-144),
dainty sb. (2 common plirase 1550-1050)
1 daintiness, fastidiousness 2H4iv. i. IQSwearyOfd.
2 make dainty, be chary or loth Rom, i. v. 23.
dainty adj.: d. of, scrupulous or particular about
Troil. I. iii. 145, Mac. ii. iii. 151 let its not be d. of
Itare-takiny.
daisied (not pre-S.): full of daisies Cym. rv. ii. 398.
dalliance (obs. use): idle delay 1H6 v. ii. 5.
dally: to trifle (wUh) Shr. iv. iv. 68, Tw.N. ii. iv.
47, III. i. 16.
Damascus : referred to as the place where Cain
slew Abel, 1H6 I. iii. 39.
damask sb.: the colour of the d. rose (Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 222), = (1) blush-red colour Cor. li. i. 235 the
war of u'hite and d. in Their. . . checks ; (2) striped
red and white AYL. in. v. 123 mingled d. ;— adj.
of such colour (in both applications) LLL. v. ii.
297 their d. sweet commixture, Tw.N. n. iv. 114 her
d. cheek, Pilgr. vii. 5 [89] A lily pale, with d. dye to
grace her. [5.
daiuask'd: of the hue of a damask rose Sonn. cxxx.
dame (3 Ijy far the most freq. use)
1 mistress (of a household, &c.) Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
57 Both d. and servant, Lucr. 1034.
2 a form of address to a lady Ant. iv. iv. 29.
3 woman of rank, lady MND. v. i. 300, Mac. iv. ii.
63, Lucr. 21 such n fearless d.; prefixed to a name
2H6 I. ii. 39 Dame Margaret.
4 motlier 2H4 nr. ii. 125, Lucr. 1477.
damp : vapour, fog, mist All'sW. ii. i. 166, Ant.
IV. ix. 13, Lucr. 778 With rotten damps ravish the
morning air.
damnation : abusively addressed to a person Rom.
in. v. 235 Ancient d.! most wicked Jiend !
Dan : master ( = don) LLL. in. i. 190 (Qi).
dance: d. bare-foot, said of an elder sister when
a younger one is married before her Shr. n. i. 33.
dancing' horse: a famous performing hor.se named
Morocid, kept by one Banks LLL. i. ii. 58.
dancing- rapier : sword worn only for ornament
in dancing Tit. n. i. 39 (cf. AU'sW. ir. i. 33, Ant.
III. ix. [xi.] 36).
danger (2 these are late cxx. of this sense)
1 power to liarm ; reach or range (as of a weapon) :
within (a person's) d., John iv. iii. 84 Xor tempt
the d. of my true defence ; in his power, at his
mercy Mer.V. iv. i. 180 ; so in, into or out of the
d. o/Tw.N. V. i. 88, Mac. in. ii. 15, Ham. i. iii. 35
Out of the shot and d. of desire.
2 mischief, harm, damage Mer.V. iv. i. 38, Cses. n.
i. 17 Thfit at his will he may do d. with.
dangerous: threatening Ado v. 1. 97 d. words,
1H4 v. i. 69 (/. countenance.
dankish: dank, humid Err. v. i. 248 rf. vault.
Dansker: Dane, Ham. ii. i. 7. IJThe Danish form.
Daphne : nymph pursued by her lover Apollo and
changed into a laurel tree MND. ii. i. 231, Shr.
Ind. ii. 59.
Dardan, Dardanian: Trojan, of Troy.
dare sb. : defiance Ant. i. ii. 197 Pompeius Hath qiven
the d. to Cusar ; daring, boldness 1H4 iv. i.'78 II
lends ... A larger d. to our great enterprise.
dare vb.' (2 freq.: not pre-Eliz.)
1 to go so far as to, be willing to Mer.V. v. i. 251
/ d. be bound, H8 v. i. 17 / love you Attd durst
commend a secret to your ear ; phr. dares or durst
better =-vfou]d rather All'sW. in. vi. 95, H8 in.
ii. 254
2 to challenge, defy MND. in. ii. 413, IHO i. iii. 45
am I dar'd and bearded to my face ?, Rom. ii. iv. 12
being d-d. Ham. iv. v. 1.32 7 d. damnation, Mac.
III. iv. 104, Ant. III. xi. [xiii.] 25. % Obscure
passages : Meas. iv. iv. 28'' (' Reason taunts or
defies her with no,' or ' Reason defies her denial
of my assertions'); 2H4 iv. i. 119* ('Their
coursers, by neigliing, challenging the spur to
give the signal of setting off').
DARE —
dare vb.- (of difleieiit origin from vb.') : to tlaze,
dazzle, or fascinate (larks) ami so entrap them,
e.g. by means of a piece of scarlet cloth and
alooking-glassHSlii. ii. 283 Jjif/ d. us wiUi litscap
like li(rks (i-ef. to the cardinal's biretta) ; so H5iv.
ii. 30 dare thejltkl ( = make the prey crouch).
dareful : defiant Mac. v. v. G.
daring' : qiiasi-adv. in K2 i. iii. 43 tluniij-linrdi/.
dark adj.: S. is the earliest authority (in the mod.
pei'iocl) for the senses ' iniquitous, evil ' (R2 i. i.
169), ' gloomy, dismal ' (Mer.V. v. i. 87, Rom. iii.
V.36), 'frowning, clouded' (Ven. 182), 'indistinct,
indiscernible ' (Tp. i. ii- 50, Ven. 700), 'concealed,
secret ' (Lr. i. i. 38) ; also for d. Iioitse, d. room,
formerly considered a jjroper place of confine-
ment for madmen Err. IV. iv. 96, AYL. iii. ii. 427;
similarly keep liiiiLd., keep him confined in a dark
room AU'sW. iv. i. 101.
dark vb.: to obscure, eclipse Per. iv. Govrer 35.
dark adv. = DABKLiNG AYL. in. v. 39 //o d. to btd.
darken : to deprive of lustre or reiiown, eclipse
Cor. II. i. 278, Ant. iii. i. 24 f/am ultkli d-s liiiii.
darking : eclipse Troil. v. viii. 7 d. of the sun.
darkling : in tlie dark MND. ii. ii. 80, Lr. i. iv. 240.
darkly : S. is earliest for ' secretly ' (Meas. iii. ii.
192, All'sW. IV. iii. 14), 'gloomily, frowningly'
(Tw.N. II. i. 4 My stars shine d. over uie, R3 i. iv.
178 Hoio darkly . . . dost thou speak .').
darkness : death Meas. in. i. 82. ^ t'f. the biblical
phrase 'darkness and the shadow of death '.
darnel : a grass, Lolium temulcntuni, a weed in-
jurious to growing corn Lr. iv. iv. 5. T] In IHO
III. ii. 44 there is possibly a ref. to the belief tliat
' Darnell hurteth the eies and maketh them dim,
if it happen in corne ' (Geraide).
darraign : to set in array 3H0 ii. ii. 72.
darting: shooting darts Ant. iir. i. 1 d. Parthia
(ref. to the jpractice of Parthian Iiorsemen, who
retreated snooting flights of arrows backward
upon the enemy).
dash sb. (1 common Eliz. and Caroline phr.)
1 at Jirst dash, from the first IHO i. ii. 71.
2 stroke of the pen, or of colour Lucr. 200 Souie
loatlisoiiie dash the herald will contrive.
3 touch Wint. v. ii. 127 the d. of uiy former life.
dash vb. (physical senses also occur)
1 to destroy, frustrate LLL. v. ii. 403, 3H0 ir. i. 118.
2 to daunt, dispirit, abash LLL. v. ii. 583 an honest
man, look you, etnd soon dashed .', 0th. in. iii. 214.
date (1 the prevailing S. meaning)
1 duration, term of existence Err. i. ii. 41, MND.
in. ii. 373 whose d. till death shedl never end, John
IV. iii. 106, R3 iv. iv. 255, Rom. i. iv. 3, 109,
Sonn. exxiii. 5 Our dates are brief.
2 limit or end of a period or term Sonn. xiv. 14
Thy e)id is truth's and beauty's doom and dale.
date-broket: Tim. ir. ii. 'i% demands of dale-broke
bo)uls (Fi dema}uls of debt, broken Honds).
dateless (not pre-S.): without term, endless,
limitless R2 i. iii. 151 The d. limit, Kom. v. iii.
115, Sonn. xxx. 6, cliii. 0.
daub : to cover with a specious exterior R3 in. v. 28
d-'dhisvicewithshowof virtue ; nod. it, dissemble,
pretend Lr. iv. i. 52 (Qq dance it).
daubery : false sliow Wiv. iv. ii. 190.
daughter: rhymes with 'after' in Shr. i. i. 243.
Oaiiphin (old edd. Dolphin) : Hrj i. ii. 221.
daw: type of foolishness IHO ii. iv. 18, Cor. iv. v. 48.
dawning : morning Lr. n. ii. I Good d. (Qq ciien) ;
biril of dawnvny, the cock Ham. r. i. 100.
day (3 the lit. sense of ' daylight ' occurs in com-
parisons 2H4 IV. iv. 32 Open as day, 2H0 ii. i. 107
clear as day)
1 phrases : JHow's the d.l, wliat time is it ? Tp. v. i.
53 -DEAR
3 ; so by tlie d. =o'cIock 1H4 ii. i. 2 ; take no lonr/er
d-s, be no longer about it Tit. iv. ii. 107 ; The duty
of the d., morning salutation Cyni. in. v. 32, also
time of day (freq.).
2 =day of battle John in. iv. 116 by losiny of this d.,
2H4 I. ii. 170 ; (hence) victory John n. i. 393 To
whom in favour she shall ejive the d., 1H4 v. iv. 103,
2H0 v. ii. 89.
3 light (fig.) Ant. iv. viii. 13 thou d. o' the world .'.
day-bed: sofa, couch Tw.N. n. v. 55, R3 in. vii. 71
lollinij on a lend d. ^\ Used dial, as adj. = lazy.
day-woman : dairy-woman LLL. i. ii. !38.
dazzle : (of the eyes) to lose distinctness of vision,
esp. from gazing at too bright light LLL. i. i. 82,
3H0 II. i. 25 D. mine eyes, or do I see three sitns ?,
Tit. III. ii. 85, Ven. 1004. ^ In Gent. ii. iv. 211
d-d is 3 syll. (Fj dazel'd, Ffo_« dazel'd so).
dead (« dead man = ' a man marked out for death '
occurs once Wiv. iv. ii. 45)
1 is dead = hAa died Ado v. i. 254, H5 v. i. 86, Rom.
v. iii. 210 my wife is deeal to-niqht, Lr. v. iii. 294.
2 deadly, mortal MND. ni. ii. 57, Wint. rv. iii. [iv.]
447 the d. blow of it, R2 IV. i. 10* thai d. time (but
? = (l;nk and dreary, like d. hour Ham. i. i. 05).
3 deadly \v.xW 2114 i. i. 71, 0th. n. iii. 179.
dead-killing ^S.): mortal R3 iv. i. 35, Lucr. 540.
deadly adj.: death-like, deathly Err. iv. iv. 'ih their
■pale and d. looks, Tw.N. i. v. 286 such a d. life,
Lr. V. iii. 292 clieerless, dark, and deadly.
deadly adv.: = mortally (in various uses) Ado v. i.
182 hale him d., R3 in. vii. 20 d. pale, Troil. v. v.
12 dually hurt. Cor. 11. i. 08 they lie dtadly.
deadly-handed: murderous 2H0 v. ii. 9.
deadly-standing* : fixed with deathly stare Tit.
II. iii. 32.
dead men's fingers: the early purple orchis,
Oichis mascula Hani. iv. vii. 172. [271.]
deal sb.: no d., not at all Sonn. Music iii. 27 [Pilgr.
deal vb. : to act (freq.) John v. ii. 22 ; phr. d. upon,
set to work upon, proceed against H3 iv. ii. 73 ;
d. in, (1) proceed or act in (a matter) Ado iv. i.
249, V. i. 101 ; (2) have to do with Tp. v. i. 271,
1H6 V. V. 66, 3H0 in. ii. 154 ; dealt on lieutinanlry,
fought by proxy Ant. in. ix. [xi.] 39. [270.
dealing : in plain d., putting it plainly Meas. ii. i.
dear adj. ' (2, 4, and 5 peculiar to 8. ; many instances
of rf. usu. referred to this word belong to the next)
1 precious, valuable, worthy Mer.V. i. i. 02 Your
worth is very d. in my rnjard, R2 I. iii. 156, 1H4
IV. iv. 31 d. men Of estimation. Cor. i. vi. 72, ii. iii.
102, Sonn. xxx. 4 wail my d. times' waste.
2 important, significant 1H4 iv. i. 34, Rom. v. ii. 19
full of charge Of d. import, v. iii. 32, Lr. ni. i. 19 I
'. . . dare . . . Command a d. thiny to you ; hence in
weakened ironical sense of ' precious ' Ado i. i. 134,
Mer.V. III. V. 71 dear discretion, Lr. i. iv. 290.
3 afl'ectionate, fond, loving Gent. iv. iii. 14 what d.
good will I bear, Wint. ii. iii. 149 our d. services,
Sonn. cxxxi. 3 my dear doling heart.
4 heartfelt, hearty ; (hence) earnest, zealous LLL.
II. i. 1, 1H4 V. V. SQyour d-est speed, Troil. v. iii. 9.
5 (a) rare, unusual, or (b) loving, kind Rom. in. iii.
28* This IS dear mercy (Qi meere, i. e. mere).
dear adj.'- (of different origin from dear adj.', but
undoubtedly associated with it in use) : liard,
grievous, dire Tp. ii. i. 142, LLL. v. ii. 872, All'sW.
IV. V. 11, Tw.N. v. i. 75, John i. i. 257 my d.
offence, R2 l. iii. 151 tlty d. exile, R3 i. iv. 219, Tim.
IV. iii. 384, v. i. 233 In ourd. peril, 0th. i. iii. 201,
Sonn. xxxvii. 3 fortune's d-est spite. Ti Cf. ' turnd
to disadvantage deare,' Spenser.
dear adv.: = dearly (i) with the verbs 'aby ', ' buy",
'cost', (ii) with 'love'; occas. with 'grieve'
C'.Ts. in. i. VM yricie thee deanr.
BEAR'D
54
_ DEEP-MOUTH'D
dear'dt: lield dear Ant. i. iv. 44 (old edd. fear d).
dearly (sense 3 is purely S.)
1 richly, finely Troil. iii. iii. 06 how d. ever parted
(= richly gifted), Cym. ii. ii. 18.
2 heartily 'SVint. v. i. 130 dearly nelroine.
3 deeply," keenly Err. ii. ii. 134 hoicd. nmM ,t touch
thee, AYL. I. iii. 36, Ham. iv. iii. 44 'cedf/rure.
dearness: affection, fondness Ado in. I'.-.^VVi
dearth: costliness, high value Ham. v. ii.-.l-*;
death (first in S. as an exclamation H8 i. ui. l-i)
1 the death : a common idiom in earlier Lnglisli
Err. I. i. 14(i adjiuhied to the d., MND. i. i. 05, K2
III. i. 29, H5 IV. i. i84, E3i. ii. 119 be,, the d.- also
in phrases still current die the d., to the d., he the
death of. .. „^ , ■ n
2 skeleton, or skull Mer.V. ii. vii. 6S A carrion D.,
John V. ii. 177 A hare-rihVd D.\ cf. d- s face LLL.
V. ii. 613, death's-head Mer.V. i. ii. 55.
deathful: deadly, mortal 2H6 iii. ii. 404 a d. wound ;
so death-like Per. i. i. 29 dcath-liU drayons
death-mark'd: marked out for death Rom. Prol. J.
death-practis'd : whose death is plotted hi: n .
deathsman: executioner 2H6 in. ii. 217, Lucr. 1001.
death-token: plague-spot betokening the ap-
jir.iaching death of the patient Troil. ii. in. 189
(cf. Ant. III. viii. 19 [x. 9]). •••ion
debase: to degrade the dignity of R2 in. "i-.l^O-
debate sb.: contention, quarrel MJsD. ii. i. li",
Sonn. Ixxxix. 13. U Not used = argument, dis-
cussion. , .,, ,
debate vb.: to fight Lucr. 1421 d. with angry sirord^
S,.nn XV. 11 ; with U AllsW. l. ii. 75* natureaud
s,rknc>:s Debate it at their leisure. U Tlie sense ot
'discuss' occurs.
debatement: deliberation, consideration Meas.
V. i. 100, Ham. v. ii. 45.
debater : disputant Lucr. 1019.
debile : weak AU'sW. ii. iii. 40, Cor. i. ix. 48 some
ihliiii ivnteli. ,
debitor find creditor : statement of account, account-
book 0th. I. i. 31, Cym. v. iv. 171.
debonair : gentle, meek Troil. i. in. 235.
deboshed (2 a 17th cent, sense)
1 corrupted, depraved Tp. in. ii. 31, All sA\ . ii. m.
145 Lr. I. iv. 265 {Videbnsh'd, Qq diboyst).
" vilified All'sW. v. iii. 208 lax'd and debosli'd.
debted (not post-Eliz.) : indebted Err. iv. i. 31.
decay sb. (la common 16th c. use) ,r < t;
1 downfall, destruction, ruin John iv. in. loillic
nnminent d. of wrested pomp. 2H6 in. i. 194, K.i ly.
iv. 410, Lucr.' 516 thy life's d.; also, cause of ruin
Sonn. Ixxx. 14 my love 7vas my decay.
2 a ruin (fig.) Lr. v. ii. 299 this great decay.
decay vb. (cf. prec. word) . „ , . , ■ .
1 to perish, be destroyed 1H6 i. i. 34, Ant. ii. i. 4,
Lucr. 23, Sonn. Ixxi. 12. , , , ,
"> to destroy Cym. i. v. 56 to decay A day s wort;.
d'eceas'd : bygone 2H4 in. i. 81 times deceas'd.
deceivable : deceitful, deceptive Tvv.N. iv. m. n,
K2 n. iii. 84.
deceive (rare and obs. uses)
1 to be f;ilse to, betray 1H4 v. i. 11.
2 to cheat onto/ Sonn. iv. 10. ..
deceptions (first in S.) : delusive Troil. v. n. 120
Iv ,fllin.^f organs had deceptious functions.
decimation: selection of every tenth man tor
punishment bv death Tim. v. iv. 31.
decipher (both S. senses are obs.) .. o , j,
1 to reveal, detect 1H6 iv. i. 184, Tit. iv. ii. 8 both
decipUer'd . . . For villains, mark d uith rape.
2 to make known, indicate Wiv. v. ii. 11.
deck sb. : pack of cards 3H0 v. i. 44. "l Since lab c.
dial, (chielly midland).
deck vb.: to cover Tp. i. n. lo5 . . , ,
declension: falling away from a Ingh standard
'>H4 n. ii. 193 (Q descension), R3 in. vu. 188 ; ae-
cline, deterioration Ham. ii. ii. 149 and by tittsd.
Into the madness. , -i i-t„
decline (the sense of ' fall off in vigour, vitality,
&C.' occurs, cf. DECLINED)
1 to incline or lean to Err. in. n. 44.
2 to fall, sink Shr. Ind. i. 119 vith d-inghead, Troil.
IV v. 188, Cor. II. i. 180, Tim. i. i. 89, Ham. ii. n.
508 ; in pa. pple. AVint. v. ii. 82 had one eye d-d,
Lucr. 1661 With head d-'d ; fig. to fall upon (an
unwojthy object) Ham. i. v. 50 to d. Upon a uretch.
3 to bend (the head, &c.) Err. in. ii. 139, Lr. iv. ii. 22.
4 to inflect (a word) AViv. iv. i. 43 ; (hence) to go
through (a matter) formally and in order R3 ly.
iv 97 (' eo through it all from beginning to end j,
Troil u iii. 55 III decline the ukole question.
declined : fallen, decayed, deteriorated, enfeebled
Troil. in. iii. 76, iv. v. 188, Ant. m. xi. [xin.y7
('decayed in fortune') ; similarly declining (ti'i)
Lr. I. ii. 80 (Ff rffc/m (J).
decoct : to warm up (S.) H5 in. v. 20.
dedicate pple.: dedicated Meas. n n. 154 uhose
winds are d. To nothing temporal, 2Hb ^. ii. o7
didioite to n-ar. .
dedicated: Tim. iv. ii. 13 A d. beggar to the an { =
' a beggar devoted by fortune to a homeless life );
Sonn. Ixxxii. 3 The d. mrds (=words of dedica-
tion, dedicatoiy epistle). . ,^ .,,.,„
deed: performance (o/ what is promised) AUsW.
III. \^. 101, Tim. V. i. 29, Ham. i. iii. 27 ; Lr. i. i.
73 mil very deal of lore (=what my love really is).
deed-achievinff : achieved by acts of valour Cor.
II. i. 192. "H Cf. uNKECALLiNG for jjassive sense.
deedless: inactive Troil. iv. v. 98. .,,,.,,.,
deem : thought Troil. iv. iv. 69 what icicJced d.is this f
deep sb.: depths in d. of night AViv. iv. iv. 41, C«s.
deep adj. "(besides the sense of 'intense' the follow-
ing are the chief fig. uses) ...
1 grave, serious, weighty 1H4 i. in. 190 matter d-
and dangerous, R3 in. vn. 66 d. dtsigns.iv. n. 118
viy d. service (Qq true), Mac. i. in. 12b Ind-est
consequence, Cym. ii. iii. 96 ; grievous, lieinous.
R3 n. ii. 28 d. vice, Tim. in. iv. 31, Mac. i. vn. 20,
Lucr. 701. . • 1 f T,,
2 profound in learning, knowledge or insiglit ip.
II. i. 274 A chough of as d. chat, 2H4iv. n. 17, K-J
ju.vU.li deep divines. . .n i i
3 profound in craft or subtlety 2H6 iii. i. 57 il. de-
ceit, R3 I. iii. 2-24 d. traitors, ii. i. 38.
deep- in comb.: = to a depth, deeply, profoundly,
intensely, as deep-contuitplatiu AlL. ii. vn. di,
deen-elivn-ciiKi (but ? two separate words) Err. ii.
ii 142 ,?«p-rfr,(»//(-y Troil. Prol. 12, dcepHlrenched
Lucr. 1100, diep-green Compl. 213, deeji-premcdi-
tatcd 1H6 in. i. 1, deep-revolving R3 iv. n 42, deep-
scarched LLL. I. i. 85, deep-sore Yen. 432, def?'-
sivat Yen. i32, ehep-nounded Pilgr. >X- J? Il2bj ,
= froiu the depths (^ffp-./'rf (i.e. fetched) 2Hb II. IV.
33 : = solemnly deep-sieorn John in. i. 2.31 (ci.
DEEPLY 2); deep-brain'd : full of profound
thought Compl. 209.
deeply (3 freq., with various applications)
1 profoundlv, thoroughly Tw.N. ii. v. 48 ; with pro-
found craft Shr. iv. iv. 42 dissemble deeply.
2 solemnly Ham. iii. ii. 237 'Tis d. sieorn (cf. deep
oaths LLL. I. i. 23, deep vow Lucr. 1847).
3 intensely AVint. n. iii. 14, 2H4 iv. v. 2b so deeply
•direct Tit. iv. i. 98, A'en. 814 eleeply distress d.
4 with' 'deep '.sound Shr. II. i. 194, A'en. 832.
deep-moiith'd : loud and sonorous Shr. Ind. i. ib
d. braeh, John v. ii. 173, H5 v. Chor. 11 ((. sea.
DESB — 55
deer: in Lr. iir. iv. 142 mice and nils and such small
deer, & line from tlie old romance of Sir Bevis of
Hampton is echoed, where 'deer' has the old
sense of ' beasts ', ' animals ' ; but S. no doubt
' associated the word with the object of the chase.
deface: to ert'ace, obliterate, cancel Mer.V. iir. ii.
WW dfface ilie bond, 2H6 i. i. 103.
defame : evil repute, infamy Lucr. 768, &c.
defam'd : made of ill repute 2H6 iii. i. 123.
default (1 phrase peculiar to S.)
1 lack All'sW. ir. iii. 241 m the d. ( = at need).
2 fault Err. i. ii. 52, 1H6 ii. i. 60, iv. iv. 28.
defeat sb. (obs. use) : destruction, ruin Ado iv. i.
47 defcut of her vinjhiity. Ham. ii. ii. 606 [598].
defeat vb. (1 common 1435-1635 ; 2 rare sense)
1 to undo, destroy, ruin Tim. iv. iii. 164, Hani. r.
[ ii. 10 a d-idjoij, 6th. iv. ii. 160 muij d. iiii/ life.
2 to disligurc, deface 0th. r. iii. 346.
3 to defraud (any one) o/MND. iv. i. 163, Sonn. xx.
11 Xdlure . . . by addition iiic of thee d/featcd.
defeature: disfigurement Err. ii. i. 98, Ven. 736.
defect: defectiveness, faultiness Mac. ir. i. 18,
Sonn. cxlix. 11 all my best doth worship thy d.
defence (2 a 17tli cent, use, now rare)
1 capacity of defending itself 3H6 v. i. 64*.
2 art of defending oneself, practice or skill in self-
defence AYL. III. iii. 65, Vxs. iv. iii. 201, Ham. iv.
vii. 97.
3 arms, armour Tw.N. iii. iv. 243, Rom. iir. iii.
133, Ant. IV. iv. 10 Go put oh thy dffencis.
defend (1 chiefly in God defend!)
1 to forbid Ado ir. i. 99, iv. ii. 22, 1H4 iv. iii. 38,
0th. I. iii. 268, Ant. ur. iii. 43 his else defend!
2 intr. (of the usual trans, sense) to make a defence
H5 I. ii. 137 defend Against the Scot.
defendant : defensive H5 ir. iv. 8 means d.
defensible : able to make a defence 2H4 ii. iii. 38,
H5 iir. iii. 50.
defer (obs. use) : to waste (time) 1H6 in. ii. .33.
defiance (1 the usual S. sense ; 2 only S.)
1 challenge to fight K2 in. iii. 130, Cas. v. i. 64.
2 declaration of aversion, rejection Meas. iii. i. 141
Take my defiance ; Die, perish .'.
deficient: failing, fainting Lr. iv. vi. 24 the de-
ficient siyht. ^ Not pre-Eliz. in anv sense.
defile : used with a quibble on ' pitch ' AH'sW. iv.
iv. 24 I)-s the pitchy night, Tim.i. ii. 234 ; cf. Ado
III. iii. 61. [118.
definement (not pre-S.) : description Ham. v. ii.
definite : resolute Cym. i. vi. 43 ; so defijiitive
Meas. v. i. 428.
deformed: deforming Err. v. i. 299 Time's d. hand.
defunct (not pre-S. as an adj.) ; dead H5 iv. i. 21 ;
(?) discharged, laid aside 0th. i. iii. 266 In my{mef)
defanct and proper satisfaction.
defunction : decease H5 i. ii. 58.
defunctive (S.): funeral Phoen. 14 J. music.
defuse : see diffuse.
defy (1, 2, and sense ' set at defiance ' are about
equally common in S.)
1 to challenge, esp. to a fight Err. v. i. 32, John ii.
i. 406, H5 II. i. 76, Ant. ii. ii. 164.
2 to reject, despise AYL. Epil. 21, Mer.V. iir. v.
76, lH4 IV. i. 6 do d. The tongues of soothers, Ham.
v. ii. 232 we defy augury. Per. iv. vi. 29.
deig°n (obs. use) : to condescend to take, accept
without grudging Gent. i. i. 162, Ant. i. iv. 6,3.
deject pple.: downcast, dejected Troil. ii. ii.50 Jlake
. . . luslikood d.. Ham. in. i. 164 d. and wretched.
dejected : abased, humbled Wiv. v. v. 175, Lr. iv.
i. 3 (= thing most humbled by fortune), Per. ii.
ii. 46 the d. state wherein he is.
delated* : (a) expressly stated, (b) conveyed Ham.
I. ii. 38 (Q of 1603 reluUd, Q-i dclalul, Fi dilated).
- DEMOySTBASI.E
delation: accusation Otli. in. iii. 123 (Qi denole-
tiiints, Ff Qq2 3 dilations'^.
delectable: K2 n. iii. 7, 2H4 iv. iii. 108.
delicate sb.: delicacy, luxury 3H6 n. v. 51.
delicate (often more than one sense is implied)
1 delightful, pleasant Wint. in. i. 1 The climate's d.,
Mac. I. vi. 10, 0th. i. iii. 360, Ant. it. vii. 115
delicate Lethe.
2 graceful, dainty, elegant Tp. i. ii. 438 d. Ariel,
II. ii. 97, Tim. iv. iii. 387, 0th. n. iii. 20d. creature.
3 voluptuous Ado I. i. 313 soft and delicate desires.
4 tender, not robust Ham. iv. iv. 48arf. and fender
prince, 0th. i. ii. 74 herd, youth, ii. i. 236.
5 exquisite in nature, beauty, &c., Tp. i. ii. 272 a
spirit too d. To act her earthly . . . commands.
6 skilful, ingenious Lr. iv. vi. 189 a d. slrataijem,
0th. IV. i. 197 So d. with her ncidlc !, Cym. v. v.
47 ; skilfully or finely wrought All'sW. iv. v. Ill
(/. fine hats. Ham. v. ii. 160 most d. carriages.
delig'ht: charm, delightful ness LLL. v. ii. 905,
Rom. I. iii. 82, Ven. 78, Sonn. xci. 11, cii.l2 47(<:c/,v
griiirn common lose their dear d. ^ The senses
' i>Ieasure ' and ' source of pleasure ' are the
usual ; o/(/. =delightful, e.g. Sonn. xcviii. 11.
delig'hted (.from the noun delight) : endowed with
or alfording delight, delightful Meas. in. i. 119,
Otii. I. iii. 291 d. beauty. Cym. v. iv. 102 to make
my gift, The more delay'd, delighted.
deliver (3 weakening of the legal use 'hand over")
1 to bring forth (offspring), lit. and fig., chiefly
passive Err. v. i. 405, LLL. iv. ii. 72, 0th. i. iii.
378, Per. v. i. 107.
2 to send AU'sW. i. i. 1, in. vii. 33.
3 to present, exhibit Tw.N. i. ii. 40, Cor. v. iii. 39
The sorrow that d-s tis thus chang'd, v. v. [vi.] 141.
4 to declare, communicate, report, relate (very
freq.) Err. n. ii. 168, Wint. v. ii. 4 d. the manner
how he found it, 1H4 v. ii. 26, H8 I. ii. 143, Cses.
III. i. 181, Mac. I. V. 11, Ham. i. ii. 193.
5 intr. to speak, discourse R2 in. iii. 34, Cor. i. i. 98.
deliverance (sense ' release ' is used 5 times)
1 bringing forth of offspring Cym. v. v. 371.
2 utterance, enunciation, delivery All'sW. n. i. ^5
In this my light d., li. v. 4, 3H6 ii. i. 97 at each
word's dtliv ranee.
delivery: statement, account Wint. v. ii. 10.
Delphos: Delphi, the oracle of Apollo Wint. n.
i. 182.
demand sb. and vb. are often used simply =
question, without any idea of authoritative or
peremptory asking.
dem.ean : refl. to behave oneself Err. iv. iii. 83, v. i.
88 he d-'d himself rough, 2H6 1. i. 189, 3H6 i. iv. 7.
demerit (1 the orig. sense in English)
1 pi. merits, deserts Cor. i. i. 278, 0th. l. ii. 22.
2 pi. offences, sins Mac. iv. iii. 2'lbXotfor their own
d-s, but for mine. Fill slaughter on their souls.
demesne (oldedd. demeam)
1 pi. lands, estates Rom. in. v. 182 Of fair d-s.
2 pi. regions, domains Rom. ii. i. 20, Cym. in. iii. 70.
demi- in comb.: = half (often contemptuous) dcmi-
deril Tp. v. i. 272, Otli. v. ii. 300, dtmi-i/od Meas.
I. ii. 129, LLL. iv. iii. 79, Mer.V. ni. ii.116, dimi-
natitr'd Ham. iv. vii. 87, dcmi-paradisc R2 n. i. 42,
dcmi-iiupiKt'Yp. V. i. 36, deiiii-ii(jlf'M:\r. iii. i. 94;
demi- Atlas [see Atlas], one tliat holds up half
the world Ant. i. v. 23 ; demi-cannon, large
gun of about 6} inches bore Slir. iv. iii. 88.
demise: to convey, transmit R3 iv. iv. 248.
demon (old edd. Damon)
1 attendant or ministering spirit Ant. ii. iii. 19
Thy demon— that's thy spirit which keeps thee.
2 evil spirit, devil H5 II. ii. 121.
de'monstrable : evident, apparent Oth. in. iv. 141,
DEMONSTRATE —
56
-DESERVING
demonstrate (stressed de'iiiotisirutc,deiiio'nsiraie)
1 to oxliibit, set t'oitli, manifest, show AYL. iii. ii.
405, H5 IV. ii. 54, H:ini. i. i. 124, Otli. i. i. 61.
2 to prove All'sW. i. ii. 47, Oth. in. iii. 432.
deniiire adj.: grave, sober H8 i. ii. 167, Liicr. 1219.
demure vb.: {?) to look demurely Ant. iv. xiii.
[XV. I 29.
deinvxrely: gravely Mer.V. ii. ii. 207; With sub-
tlueil sounl Ant. iv. ix. 31.
denay sb. : denial Tw.N. ii. iv. 126.
denay vb. : old form of deny, 2H6 i. iii. 107.
denier : French coin, the twelfth of a son ; used
as the type of a very small sum Slir. Ind. i. 9,
1H4 in. iii. 90, K3 i. ii. 253 My dukedom to a hcy-
(jinli) denier.
denote (not pre-S.) is used in the ordinary mod.
senses.
denotement: indication, token Oth. ii. iii. 325
I »,) , ; see devotement), hi. iii. 123 (Qi ; others
'Ii ifi/ioiis, d/l(dwns).
denoxmce: to proclaim, declare John in. i. 319 (/. «
curse, III. iv. 159 denouncing vengeance, Ant. in.
vii. 5 [war] ihnotDic'd atjainst us.
denunciation: fcjrmal declaration Meas. i. ii. 158.
deny (see also pen-av)
1 to refuse to do something Slir. ii. i. 180 // she
dcn/j to wed.
2 to refuse permission to, not to allow R2 ii. iii.
12Q I am denied to sue mij livery here, Tit. ii. iii. 174.
3 to refuse to accept R2 ii. i. 205 If yon . . . deny
Ills offer d homnr/e.
4 to refuse admittance to 1H4 ii. iv. 552 If you will
dinif the slteriff, so.
depart sb.: departure Gent. v. iv. 97, 2H6 i. i. 2,
3Ht> IV. i. 92 : death 3H6 n. i. 110.
depart vb. (2 this sense is now only used in 'de-
part this life ')
1 to take leave of one another Tim. i. i. 263 Ere ice
depart, Cym. i. i. 108 The loath iicss to depart.
2 to go away from, leave, quit 2H4 iv. v. 89, 3H6
II. ii. 73 depart the field, Lr. in. v. 1, Sonn. xi. 2.
3 d. with{al), part with, give up LLL. n. i. 146,
John II. i. 563 Hath loillinffly d-ed icitli n part.
departing^ : separation 3H6 ii. vi. 43 li/e and
d(<i/h's depart nif/.
depend (' rest or hang upon ', and ' rely vpon ' arc
the commonest senses)
1 to lean Cym. ii. iv. 91 Cupids . . . D-iny on their
brands.
2 to be in a position of dependence Meas. in. ii. 28,
Troil. in. i. 4, Lr. i. iv. 273.
3 to impend, be imminent Troil. ii. iii. 21 the curse
d-ing (Ff dependant) on those, Rom. in. i. 125,
Lucr. 1615.
4 to remain in suspense Cym. iv. iii. 23.
dependancy, -ency: dependence Meas. v. i. 62,
Ant. v. ii. 26, Cym. ii. iii. 123.
dependant: impending Troil. ii. iii. 21 (Q dc-
p.Hdnnj).
deplore : to tell with grief Tw.N. in. i. 176.
deploring: tearful, doleful Gent. iii. ii. 85.
depose (the loll, are the rarer uses)
1 to deprive a person of (something) R2 iv. i. 192
1 0(1 may my glories and my state depose. [ii. 26.
2 to give evidence upon oath Meas. v. i. 192, 3H6i.
3 to examine on oath R2 i. iii. 30 Depose him in the
just III of Ills cause.
depositary (not pie-S.) : one with whom anything
is loil^'id in trust Lr. ii. iv. 2.54.
depravation (nnre) : defamation, detraction Troil.
v. ii. 129 siabliiirn critics, apt . . . For d.
deprave: to vilily, detract Tim. i. ii. 147; intr.
Ado v. i. 95 deprave and slander.
depress'd: brought down, luuublcd i;2 in. iv. 68.
deprive: to take away (a possession) Ham. i. iv.
73 d. your sotueigiit'y of reason, Lucr. 1186 to d.
dishrniour'd life, 1752.
deputation : appointment to act on behalf of an-
other, office of deputy Meas. i. i. 20, 1H4 iv. i.
32, IV. iii. 87 in f?.(= as deputies, as vice-regents),
Troil. I. iii. 152, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 74 (Ff dispu-
tation).
depute : to appoint Oth. iv. i. 249, iv. ii. 226.
deputed svcorrf : sword delivered as an emblem of
ottice or dignity ]\leas. ii. ii. 60.
deputy: Lord Lieutenant (of Irelan 1) H8 in. ii.
261 ; d. of till Hard, member of the Common Coun-
cil of London, who acts instead of an alderman
in his ab.sence 1H4 in. iii. 129, 2H4 ii. iv. 91.
deracinate: to uproot H5 v. ii. 47, Troil. i. iii. 99.
derision: 4syll. at end of line MND. in. ii. 197, 370.
derive: the sense 'gain, obtain' is the most freq.,
of which somewhat exceptional uses are in 2H4
I. i. 23 How is this derived I = (' Whence does thy
information come ? ', Lr. i. ii. 90)
1 ret1. to pass by descent, be descended or inherited
Ado IV. i. 137 This shame d-s itself from unlinown
loins, 2H4 IV. v. 42 this imperial crown. Which
. . . berives itself to me.
2 to draw upon, direct to (a person) All'sW. v. iii.
268 woiild d. me ill will, H8 ii. iv. 30 Tliat had to
him deriv'd your anger.
3 refl. to originate out o/Tw.N. in. iv. 272.
4 to trace the origin of, show how (it) comes about
Troil. II. iii. 06. [322.
deriv'd : descended (freq.) MND. i. i. 99, Caes. ii. i.
dern: dark, wild, drear Lr. in. vii. 63 that dcrn
time (Fi sterne), Per. in. Gower 15.
derogate vb.: to act in a way derogatory to one's
position Cym. ii. i. 50; in line 59 (rjuibblingly)
(let;enerate.
derog"at3 pple. : debased Lr. i. iv. 304 her d. body.
derogately (S.) : disparagingly Ant. n. ii. 38.
derogation : disparagement Cym. ii. i. 49.
descant sb.: melody sung extempore upon a plain-
song, ground, or bass, to which it forms the
air Gent. l. ii. 91 you . . . mar the concord tvith too
harsh a d.; (hence) fig. comment R3 in. vii. 48 on
that ground I'll make a holy descant.
descaiit vb.: to sing a descant or air, (hence) to
' sing with a small, yet pleasant and shri 11 voice as
birds doe ' (Minsheu), warble Lucr. 1134; (hence)
toconnnent R3 i. i. 27 d. on mine own deformity,
Pilgr. xiv. 4 [184].
descend : to come down from 3H6 i. i. 74 d. my
throne, Compl. 31 \_hair] iintiick'd, descended her
sheav'd liat.
descending: descent, lineage Per. v. i. 130 (Qqi2 3
disci ml ing, Qqjse discent, Yin descent).
descension: descent2H4ii. ii. 193(Q ; Fideclcnsion).
descent (the foil, are rare S. uses)
1 that to which one descends, lowest part Lr. v.
iii. 139 To the d. and dust helow thy foot.
2 transmission by inheritance R2 ii. iii. 136 my in-
heritance of free d.; step in descent AH'sAV. in.
vii. 24 From son to son, some four or five descents.
description : the idiomatic use in of this descrip-
tion (Mer.V. in. ii. 302) is not pre-S.
descry sb.: siglit of a distant object Lr. iv. vi. 218.
descry vb. : to reconnoitre R3 v. iii. 9, Lr. iv. v. 13.
desert: without d., undeservedly, without cause
(ient. n. iv. 58, Err. in. i. 112, R3 ii. i. 67.
deserved: deserving, meritorious (S.) All'sW. ii.
i. I'i2, Cor. in. i. 290. ^ Cf. Latin 'meritus'.
deserving (the two uses are equally freq.).
1 that which one deserves, desert, due reward
Meas. V. i. 47S [death] 'Tis my d., Lr. v. iii. 306,
yonn, Ixxxvii. 6.
DESIGN -
57
- DIALOGUE
2 that for wliicli one deserves well, iiiei-it All'sW.
I. iii. 7, 2H4 iv. iii. 48 more of his courtesy than
your d., Lr. in. iii. 24 This seems a fair d.
desig'nsb.: the sense of 'plan, scheme' is weakened
to that of 'purpose, aim, intention'; whence
'thing in view, project, enterprise' LLL. iv. i.
89, Wint. IV. iii. L'V.J 615 not prepnr'd For this d.,
R2 r. ». 81, Troll, ii. ii. 194, Mac. ii. i. 55 mnnUr
. . . toward his d. Mot(S lilce a yhost, Ant. v. i. 4:i.
design vb. : to point out, indicate K2 i. i. lO:!
(• appoint which of the two combatants shall be
victorious '), Hani. i. i. 94 ('meaning borne by
the article drawn up ').
designment : enterprise, undertaking Cor. v. v.
[vi.] 35, Otli. 11. i. 2'1 their desiiiiinunt h(dls.
desire (1 S. atfords late exx. of this construction)
1 to request the boon or favour o/ something tioiu
(a person) MND. iil. i. 189, 197 (tjq »/ou of, Ff <-/
you), Mer.V. iv. i. 403 <?. your O'riice of parduu,
AYL. v. iv. 50 ; with o/droppod MND. in. i. 2U4
/ desire you more acquuintunce (so Qq Ffia ; Ft'sj
your more).
2 to invite LLL. v. ii. 145 ;/ they d. us to 7, H5 iv.
i. 27 IK them idl to my parilion, Troil. iv. v. 149.
desired: sought after, beloved 0th. ii. i. 207.
despair: to be without hope of Mac. v. vii. 42
[viii. 13] Despair thy charm.
desperate (rare use) : rcckle.ss, utterly careless of
Tw.N. V. i. 08 disiunete of shame and state.
desperately: in despair, without hope, hopelessly
Mcas. IV. ii. 151 </. nwrlal* ('likely to die in a
desperate state,' J.), Lr. v. iii. 294 Audd. are dead.
desperation: nf d., involving thoughts of self-
destruction Tp. I. ii. 210, Ham. i. iv. 75.
despised: despicable(cf. abhorreh) Rom.iii. ii. 77,
Tim. IV. iii. 408, Ven. 135, Sonn. xxxvii. 9. T| In
Ham. in. i. 72 stressed de'spis'd (Ft' dispris'd).
despite sb. (3 the jircpositional use is not pre-S.)
1 contempt, scorn, disdain Ado i. i. 245 an obstinate
heretic in the elesjiitr af beauty, 0th. IV. ii. 110.
2 malice, ill-will : in c/., out of ill-will, spitefully
H5 111. v. 17, 0th. IV. iii. 94 scant our former
haoiiiy in eUspite.
3 iiid., in defiance of another's wish MND. v. i.
112, Shr. Ind. i. 1-28 An onion . . . Shall in d. en-
force ei watery eye, Rom. v. iii. 48, Lucr. o5 ; esj).
in d. of, in (a person's) el., notwithstanding the
opposition of Wiv. v. v. 135, 3HG i. i. 158, Cym.
IV. i. 10 ; Err. in. i. 108* Mi d. of mirth (Theobald
ivreitlrf), mean to be merry ; hence d. (of) Meas. i.
ii. 20 d. of all controversy. Ado v. i. 75 D. Iiis nice
fenre (the word here becoming a preposition).
despite vb. : to vex Ado ii. iii. 31.
despiteful: malicious, spiteful, cruel AYL. v. ii.
87, AH'sW. in. iv. 13; fig. of things Shr. iv. ii.
Ud. love:, R3iv. i. 30.
Destinies : the three goddesses, the Parcae or
Fates, believed to determine the course of human
life R2 r. ii. 15, Ven. 733.
destitiite: deserted, forsaken Lucr. 441.
detain : to withhold Err. ii. i. 107, H2 r. i. 90, Li-.
I. ii. i'.i I shall offend, either tod. oryiveit, Sonn.
cxxvi. 10.
detect: to expose, lay bare, esp. in wrong-doing
Wiv. 11. ii. 329, Meas. iii. ii. 133, AYL. m. ii. 324,
Hani. in. ii. 94.
detection: exposure, accusation 'Wiv. n. ii. 2()0.
detention: withholding Tim. n. ii. 39 the detention
of... debts.
detierminate vb. : to fix the limits of R2 i. iii. 150.
determinate pple. (1 legal metaphor ; cf. next)
1 ended, expired Sonn. Ixxxvii. 4.
2 decisive H8 ll. iv. 174 a d. resolution, 0th. iv. ii.
232 none [i.e. no accident] can be so d. as . . .
3 intended Tw.N. ir. i. 11 tny d. royaye.
determination (I legal metaphor)
1 cessation, end Sonn. xiii. 6.
2 decision, sentence Meas. in. ii. 205 the d. of
justice, Troil. n. ii. 170 a free d. 'Twixt riijht and
irroiiy.
3 resolution, intention, niindWiv. in. v. 71, Mer.V.
1. ii. 109, 1H4 IV. iii. 33, Ham. in. i. 177.
determine (the sense of 'decide' trans, and intr.
is the usual one)
1 to put an end to 2H4 iv. v. 80 Till his friend sicl;-
ness lieith el-'d me, IHO iv. vi. 9 I'o my el-'d time
thou rjao'st new elate.
•2 to come to an end Cor. TIT. \n. 42 Jlust all d. here?,
V. iii. 120, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] ICl, iv. iii. 2 It inll
determine one way.
detested: detestable (cf. ADHOi!i;En)Tw.N. v. i. 143,
R2 n. iii. 1(I9, Lr. i. ii. 84, n. iv. 220.
Deucalion: theCreekNoah, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]444.
deuce-ace : low throw at dice, two and one LLL.
I. ii. 50.
devest : old spelling of dive.st.
device (' contrivance, plan ' is the usual sense)
1 'niannerofthinkii,g,castofniind '(Schmidt) AYL.
I. i. 17G*/«(// e^f noble d.. Yen. 789* your d. in love.
2 design (of an object), sliape, cut John i. i. 210 in
habit and el., Cym. i. vi. 189 plate of rare device.
3 emblematical figure borne as a heraldic charge
or cognizance Per. ii. ii. 15, &c.
4 something devised for dramatic representation
LLL. V. ii. 000, MND. v. i. 50, Tim. i. ii. 157.
5 'cunning' piece of work Compl. '232 this d. was
sent me from a nvtn.
devil, old edd. often diml(l, scanned usually as a
monosyllable (e.g. Mac. i. iii. 107), but occas. as
a disyllabic (e.g. Tp. iv. i. 188) : devil's book (see
BOOK 4) 2H4 n. ii. 51.
devil-porter: to jjlay the 'devil-porter', act the
)ortcr of hell Mac. ii. iii. '20.
devise: to think Cor. l. i. 107 the other inslrummts
Did see vend hear, d., instruct, wallc,feel; to decide
on IHO I. ii. 124* wheit devise you on ?.
devote pple.: addicted Shr. I. i. 32.
devoted : consecrated, holy R3 i. ii. 35 el. charitable
detds.
devotement: devotion, worship 0th. ii. iii. 325
(Qi, Fi dcuotcment, Qs Ff^si devotement; Qielenote-
tiienl).
devotion : (levout purpose or object E3 iv. i. 9*
I'pon the like d. as yourselves.
devour (fig. uses) : el. the way (not pre-S.), to cover
it with great rapidity 2H4 i. 1. 47 ; Tp. v. i. 155
they devour their reeison (= make their reason
iiuiperative).
devour'd: 'consumed,' absorbed Per. iv. iv. 25 in
sorrow all elaour'd.
devout: zealous, 'religious' LLL. v. ii. 790.
dew: first applied to tears by S. (cf. brine) LLL. iv.
iii. 30, R2 v. i. 9, Lucr. 1829 ; other fig. uses are
R3 IV. i. 83 d. 0/ ,s7ff/). Cor. v. v. [vi.] 23 d s of
flattery, Cics. li. i. 220 dew of slumber.
dewberry: (?) gooseberry MND. in. i. 173.
dewlap : applied to a woman's breast MND. n. i. 50
(old edd. elewlop).
dew-lapp'd : having a dewlap or fold of loose skin
hanging from the throat (in cattle) Tp. in. iii. 45,
MND. IV. i. 128.
dexter: right Troil. iv. v. 127 the dexter cheek.
dexteriously: 17tlicent. variant of 'dexterously '
Tw.N. I. V. 05.
dial: clock, or watch AYL. ii. vii. 20, R2 v. v. 53
like a d-'s point, Rom. n. iv. 122, Lucr. 327; so
dial-hand Sonn. civ. 9.
dialoglie vb. (not found before S.)
DIAMETER -
58
-DIMENSION
1 to liold a cmversation Tim. n. ii. 51.
2 to express in dialogue form Compl. 132.
diaiueter : extent from side to side Ham. iv. i. 41
o'er the norhl's diaiueter.
Dian's bud*: the plant Artemisia (= tlie licrb of
Artemis or Diana, tlie moon-goddess), or tlic
Agnus castus (the Chaste Tree), to which very
similar virtues are ascribed by ancient herbalists
MXD. IV. i. 79.
diapason: a bass sounding in exact concord, i.e.
in octaves, with the air Lucr. Ii:i2 And inth deep
ijyoiins tlie diapaxon henr.
diaper : towel, napkin Sin*. Tnd. i. 67.
dibtole : instrument for making liolesin tlie ground
for seeds or young plants Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 100.
dich : orig. contraction of ' do it ' in ' much good do
it you ' ; hence in similar phrases Tim. i. ii. 74
jViicli (innil diili thy fjnod henrt.
Dick: used like ' Jack' = fellow, lad LLL. v. ii. 465
sonic Ih'ck, That smiles liis cheek in years.
dickens (not recorded before S.) : Wiv. in. ii. 20.
dictator: chief magistrate with absolute power,
elected in ancient Rome in times of emergency
Cor. II. ii. 94 our then dictator.
diction : expression or description in words Ham.
v. ii. 124 to make true d. of him (cuphuistic).
Dictynna: a title of Diana LLL. iv. ii. 37.
Dido: 'queen of Carthago' (Shr. i. i. 158), in love
with A'lieas Tp. ii. i. 80, Rom. ii. iv. 44, Ham. ii.
ii. 477 [4(i8j.
diesb., pi. dice: used with fiuibble on the verb
' die ' MND. v. i. 314, Tim. v. iv. 84 ; fig. = chance,
luck R3 V. iv. 10 I have set my life iij'on a cast,
.4»fZ / will stand the hazard of the die.
die vb. : plir. to die the death, to be put to death,
suffer the penalty of capital punishment MND.
I. i. G5, Cym. iv. ii. 96 ; S. is earliest for die (with
lauyhiwj) Shr. in. ii. 244, Troil. i. iii. 176 at this
sport Sir Valour dies.
diet sb. (1 the orig. sense etymologically, but 'daily
food ' is the earliest sense in English)
1 course of life R3 l. i. 139 an evil diet.
2 prescribed course of food, regimen Tim. iv. iii. 87
the tab-fast and the d.; phr. take or keep d. Gent.
II. i. 26, Meas. ii. i. 120.
3 food, fare, victuals, board Tw.N. in. iii. 40 I will
bespeak curd., 1H4 in. iii. 84 Yon owe money . . .
for your d. and by-drinkini/s, Ham. I. i. 99*, 0th.
in. iii. 15 nice and naierish diet.
diet vb. (2 exact meaning not always clear)
1 to feed (lit. and fig.) 1H6 i. ii. 10 d~ed like mules,
Cor. I. ix. 52, Otli. ii. i. 306 to d. my revenge, Cym.
III. iv. 183 all the comfort The gods will d. me with.
2 to prescribe a diet for, as a regimen of health
(lit. and fig.) Err. v. i. 99 be his nurse, D. his sick-
ness, 2H4 IV. i. 64 Tod. rankmindssickof happiness,
Compl. 261 disciplin'd, ay, d-ed in grace ; (hence)
to restrict, cause to conform or be tied to All'sW.
IV. iii. 35% V. iii. 223*, Cor. v. i. 58 d-ed to my
request.
dieter: regulator of diet Cym. iv. ii. 51.
difference (the ordinary sense is freq.; in Sonn.
cv. 8 apji. a ref. to the use in logic = differentia,
tlie attribute by which a species is distinguished
from all other species of the same genus)
1 diversity of opinion, disagreement, dispute
Mer.V. IV. i. 171 ; at d., at variance, in disagree-
mentCor. v. iii. 201 : Vexed . . . nith passionsofsome
difference ( = conflicting emotions) Cses. I. ii. 40.
2 characteristic or distinguishing feature Ham. v.
ii. 113/)(// of most e.rrelUnt diffi leiirrs.
3 (herahlic term) alteration or 'a(l<lition to a coatof
arms, to distinguish a ycjiingcr or lateral braiicii
Ufa family ; fii;. Ado l.'i. 7U, Ham. iv. V. 182 '.
4 Make difference, discriminate AViv. ii. i. 57.
differency (not pre-S.): difference Cor. v. iv. 12.
difficult (once in S.): 0th. in. iii. 8'2 full of poise
and difficult weight ( = weighty and difficult to be
estimated).
diffidence: distrust, suspicion John i. i. 65, 1H6
in. iii. 10, Lr. i. ii. 166. % The sense 'distrust
of oneself ' is post-S.
diffuse (2 peculiar to S., but cf. next)
1 to pour, shed Tp. iv. i. 79 T)-st honey-drops.
2 to confuse, render indistinguishable Lr. i. iv. 2
If . . . I other accents borrow. That can my speech d.
(old odd. elffiise).
diffused: confused, disorderly Wiv. iv. Iv. 56
some d. song, H5 v. ii, 61 diffused attire (old edd.
defus'd), R3 I. ii. ISdiffus'd infection of a man (old
edd. defus'd).
digest (old edd. often disgest ; 1 the oldest sense of
the Word)
1 to arrange R3 in. i. 200 d. our complots in some
form, Troil. Prol. 29, Ham. ii. ii. 469 [460] an ex-
cellent play, well d-ed in the scenes. Ant. ll. ii. 182.
2 fig. of the physical sense of digesting food : (i) to
put up with, swallow, stomach LLL. v. ii. 290 rf.
this harsh indignity, Mer.V. in. v. 96; (ii) to
assimilate, amalgamate All'sW. v. iii. 74 ni irhom
my house's name Must be d-ed, Lr. I. i. 130 With
my two daughters' dowers d. the third ; (iii) to get
rid of, dispose of H5 li. Chor. 31 well d. The abuse
of distance ; to disperse, dissipate lH6iv. i. 167
el. Your angry choler on your enemies ; (iv) to com-
prehend, understand Cor. i. i. 156, in. i. 130.
digestion: Troil. ii. iii. 44 my cheese, my d.\ cf.
.lonson's Epigrams ci, ' Digestiue cheese, and
fruit there sure will bee.'
digress (both senses are Eliz.)
1 to depart, deviate Shr. in. ii. 110, Rom. in. iii.
126 iJ-ing from the raloiir of u man.
2 to transgress, offend R2 v. iii. 06 This deadly blot
in thy d-ing son. Tit. v. iii. 116 I do d. too much.
Citing my worthless praise.
digression: moral going astray, transgression
LLL. I. ii. 122, Lucr. 202 my d. is so vile. TJ Once
also in the sense ' deviation from the subject or
purpose ' 2H4 iv. i. 140.
dig-you-den : see God and good even.
dilate: to relate at length Err. i. i. 122 d. ed full
What hath befall'n, Otli. I. iii. 153 edl my pilgrim-
age dilate.
dilated (in Ham. i. ii. 38 Fi perhaps a spelling of
DELATED, pei'liaps = seusc 2)
1 spread far and wide Troil. ii. iii. 264 Which, like., ,
a shore, confines Thy spacious and dilated parts.
2 extended, expressed at length All'sW. ii. i. 69
take a more dilated farewell.
dild: see God 'ild.
dildo: word of obscure origin used in the I'efrains
of ballads Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 195 burthens of d-s
and fadings.
diligence (2 is mainly contextual)
1 assiduity, esp. in seiTice 1H6 v. iii. 9 your
accustow'd d. to me, Ham. v. ii. 95 (dl d. of spirit,
Cym. IV. iii. 20.
2 speed, dispatch Tp. i. ii. 304 hetice with d., Lr. i.
V. 4 If your d. be not speedy ; (quasi-personified)
Tp. \. i. 241 Bravely, my diligence.
diligent :
1 attentive, heedful Tp. in, i. 42 diligent car.
2 assiduous, esp. in service Slir. iv. iii. 39, Lr. v. i.
53 d. discovery, Cym. in. v. 121, v. v. 86.
dim: not bright, dull, lustreless Wint. iv. iii. fiv.l
120 violets dim, John in. iv. 85, Lucr. 403 death's
dim look.
dimension: bodily fianic; jd. bodily parts or
DIMINISH —
59
- DISCOVER
proportions Mer.V. iii. i. 64, Tw.N. i. v. 282 in d.
iind (lie shape of nature, Lr. I. ii. 7 mij d-s me us
irell covipiid.
ditainish: to impair Tp. iii. iii. 64, Ven. 417 If
sprimjinfi thint/s he iini/jol diiiihush'd.
diminutive : very small thing Troil. v. i. 38 d-s of
nature, Ant. iv. x. 50 [xii. 37] poor'st d-s.
dint: force Civs. iii. ii. 199 yon fed The d. ofpi/fj.
dire (not pre-Eliz.) : dreadful, dismal, liorrible Mac.
II. iii. 64 prophesying with accents terrible Of dire
combustion.
direct: to address (words) 1H6 v. iii. 178. ^ S. is
tlie earliest authority for tlie .senses 'address (a
letter)', 'inform (a person) as to whereabouts'
and 'appoint, order'.
direction : capacity for directing R3 v. iii. 16.
directitude (a humorous blundered form) : Cor.
IV. V. 223.
directive: subject to direction (R.) Troil. i. iii. 356.
directly (tlie sense 'at once', Ham. in. ii. 221 is
not pre-.S.)
1 straight John iii. iv. 129, C'aes. iv. i. 32 to run d.
on, 0th. Tii. iii. 408 lead d. to the door of truth.
2 without medium, immediately Mer.V. iv. i. 360,
Wint. iir. ii. 195, Otii. ii. iii. 359 To counsel Cassio
. . . Directly to his good.
3 straightforwardly Otii. iv. ii. 212, Cym. iir. v. 113.
4 without ambiguity, plainly, pointedly 1H4 ii. iii.
91 (inswer me I), unto this quistion, H5 v. ii. 130,
Cor. IV. V. 197, 0th. u. i. 2:22 d. in love with him,
Cym. I. iv. 177.
5 exactly, precisely, just Tw.N. iii. iv. 74, Coes. i.
ii. 3, Ham. lli. iv. 210 When in one line tiro crafts
directly meet.
direness : horror Mac. v. v. 14.
dirg'e : funeral song, song of mourning Rom. iv. v.
88, Ham. i. ii. 12, Lucr. 1612.
dirty: as an epitliet of disgust or aversion (not
l)re-S.) Cym. iii. vi. 55 those Who u>orsliip d. gods.
Dis: god of the infernal regions Tp. iv. i. 89.
disallow : to disapprove of John i. i. 16.
disanimate : to discourage 1H6 in. i. 182.
disappointed : unprepared (cf. appoint 2) Ham.
I. V. 77 i'lihoHseVd, disappointed, unantVd.
disaster sb. (etymol. sense, rare) : unfavourable
aspect of a star Ham. l. i. 118 D-s in the sun ;
(hence) ill-luck Mac. iii. 1. 112 Ho ueary icith d-s,
ingi/'d ivith fortune.
disaster vb.: to ruin Ant. n. vii. 18 the holes nhire
eyes should be, which pitifully disaster the chains.
disiiench : to cause (a person) to leave his seat (S.)
Cur. II. ii. 76 / hope My irords d-d you not,
disbranch : fig. to sever Lr. iv. ii. 34.
discandy (S.) : to dissolve or melt out of a solid
condition Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 165, iv. x. 35[xii. 22].
disease : to undress Tp. v. i. 85 / will d. me ; to un-
mask Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 651. TfCf. case sb.^ 1
(i) and 1 (v).
discemer : person of judgement, critic H8 1. i. 32.
discernings: intellectual fiiculties Lr. i. iv. 250
his discernings Are lethargied.
discharg'esb.: occurs? times in S., who is the ear-
liest authority for the senses 'lotting off a fire-
arm '(1H4 I. i. 57), 'emission' (A YL. ii.i. 37, Troil.
IV. iv. 41), 'payment' (Cym. v. iv. 173), 'per-
formance, execution' (Tp. ii. i. 262).
discharg'e vb. ('dismiss, disband' and 4 are tlie
most freq. meanings)
1 to unburden, disburden, deliver, free Ado v. i.
.335, 2H4 II. iv. 145, Rom. v. i. 63 d-'d of breath.
2 fig. of letting off cannon H8 i. ii. 206 d. a horrible
oath, Lucr. 1605 d. one word of woe.
:t to pay, settle with (a creditor) Err. iv. i. 32,
Mei.V. III. ii. 274, Tim. ll. ii. 12.
4 to perforin MND. i. ii. 96, iv. ii. 8, Cor. in. ii. 106.
discipline sb. (tlie earliest sense in English,
'chastisement, correction,' is not S.)
1 instruction, teaching Gent. iii. ii. 88, Shr. i. i. 30
//(('.<• moral d., Troil. ii. iii. 33 heaven bless thee from,
a tutor, and discipline come not near thee.
2 training in military affairs, military experience
John II. i. 39 our chieftst men of d., H5 in. ii. 65.
discipline vb. (2 tliis sense was orig. applied to
the penitential use of the scourge)
1 to instruct, train Troil. ii. iii. 258 he that d-d thy
arms to fight, Compl. 261 d-'d, ay, dieted in gravt.
2 tocliasti.se, 'punish' Cor. ii. i. 141.
disclaim (not in pre-Eliz. use)
1 to renounce or disavow all share in Lr. ii. ii, 58.
2 to repudiate connexion with, disown John i. i.
241 1 have d-'d Sir Robert, R2 I. i. 70 JJ-iiig here
the kindred of the king, Lr. I. i. 115.
disclaiming' : disavowal Ham. v. ii. 255.
disclose vb. (the sense 'reveal ' is the common one)
1 to unfold Ham. i. iii. 40 before their buttons be
d-'d, Sonn. liv. 8 their masked buds discloses.
2 pass, to be hatched Ham. v. i. 309 (see couplet).
disclose sb.: incubation (fig.) Ham. in. i. 175.
discolour: to bring a blush to 2H4 ii. ii. 5 it d-s
the complexion of my greatness to acknowledge it.
discolour'd : paie Lucr. 708 lean d. cheek.
discomfit: discouragement 2H6 v. ii. 86.
discomfited : discouraged Shr. ii. i. 164 be not so d,
discomfiture: defeat, rout 1H6 i. i. 59.
discomfort sb. (sense 'uneasiness' is late)
1 disconirtgement R2 in. ii. 65, Mac. i. ii. 28.
TJ ' Discourage' and its compounds are not S.
2 sorrow 2H4 j. ii. 119, Mac. iv. ii. 29% Ant. iv. ii.
34 What mean you, sir. To give them tliis d. ?.
discomfort vb. (thrice in S. ; cf. the senses of piec.)
1 to discourage Troil. v. x. 10, Cses. V. iii. 106.
2 to grieve Ham. in. ii. 178.
discontent: a malcontent (not pre-S.) 1H4 v. i. 76.
discontented : full of discontent Otb. v. ii. 313.
discontenting': dis-atisfiedAVint. iv. iii. [iv. 1545.
discontintie : to cease to frequent Ado v. i. 197 /
must d. your company, Mer.V. ill. iv. 75 / have
discoitliiin'd school.
discordant : disagreeing 2H4 Ind. 19.
discourse sb. (</. of reason dates from the 15th c.)
1 reasoning, thouglit, reflection Meas. I. ii. 196
reason and d., Tw.N. iv. iii. 12, Troil. v. ii. 139,
Ham. IV. iv. 36 with such large d., Looking before
and after; d. of reason, process or faculty of
reasoning Troil. ii. ii. 116, Hani. I. ii. 150 ; tf. d.
of thought 0th. IV. ii. 15:3.
2 talk, conversation Gent. ii. iv. 110, H5 i. i. 43 d.
oi'ivar, R3 v. iii. 100 ample interchange of siveel </.,
6th. I. iii. 150.
3 faculty of convei'sing, conversational power Err.
in. i. 109 u wench of excellent d., Troil. i. ii. 274.
4 familiar intercourse Ham. in. i. 108.
discourse vb. (5 now only as a reminiscence of the
S. passage)
1 to hold discourse, talk, converse MND. v. i. 153
Ut [them] Al large d., Ctes. iii. i. 295 d of tlie
stale of tilings.
2 to pass (the time) in talk Cym. iii. iii. 38.
3 to tell, narrate Err. v. i. 398, R2 v. vi. 10, Tit. v.
iii. 81 ; absol. IHOi. iv. 26.
4 to utter, say 0th. ir. iii. 284 and d. fustian with
one's own shadoir.
5 to give forth (musical sound) Ham. in. ii. 381.
discourser : narrator H8 i. i. 41 a good d.
discover (2 is the most freq. S. sense ; the sense
' find out' is not common)
1 (o uncover, expose to view Mer.V. it. vii. 1 d.
The several caskets, Tw.N. ii. v. 175, R3 iv. iv. 241.
DISCOVERER
2 todiviilgc, reveal, disclose (at)iing), make known,
Gent. II. i. 175 lliat iiiK/ht lift- mind d., Wiv. ii. ii.
194, Ado V. i. 244, IHG ii. v. 59, v. iv. CO, CaBS.
III. i. 17 oitr piiy]>()<if is d-fd ; (hence) to sliow,
exhibit Gent. iii. ii. 77, Wint. in. i. 20, Ca;s. i.
ii. C9.
3 to spy out, reconnoitre Eir. i. i. 91 we d-ed Two
ships, R2 II. iii. 33, Ant. iv. x. 8 Wlier,: their ap-
point inent we umy best d.; absol. Tim. v. ii. 1.
4 to reveal the identity of, betray (a person) Lr.
II. i. 68 / threaten d to discoier linn.
6 to distinguish, discern Meas. iv. ii. 1S4, Cur. ii.
i. 47, 0*8. II. i. 75 d. thchi llij nnij hunk of/ntunr.
discoverer: scout, spy, explorer 2H4 iv. i. 3.
discovery (obs. or arch, uses are the loll.; the word
does not appear before mid-lGth cent.)
1 revelation, disclosure (of a secret) Wint.l. ii.441,
H5 II. ii. 162 the el. of . . . treason, Ham. ii. ii. 312.
2 exploration, reconnoitring Tp. ii. i. 251, Mac. v.
iv. 7 make d. Err in report of us, Lr. v. i. 53.
3 bringing to view, showing Tim. v. i. 39 n d. of
the infinite flatteries . . .; means of discovering
Yen. S28 the fair d. of her waij (discorererf).
discretion : lise tlnj d.', do your d., act as you think
fit AYL. I. i. 154, Utli. in. iii. 34.
discuss: to declare, tell Wiv. i. iii. 102, iv. v. 2,
H5 III. ii. 67, IV. i. 37, iv. iv. 5 Wliat is thy name ?
discuss, 30 Discuss the same in Frencli unto him.
disdain: indignation, vexation Troil. i. ii. 35'.
disdain'd: disdainful (S.) 1H4 i. iii. 183.
diseases!).: trouble, grievance, vexation AYL. v.
iv. 68, 1H6 II. V. 44, Tim. in. i. 57, Lr. I. i. 177 To
shiild thee from el-s of the world (¥( disasters).
disease vb.: to trouble, disturb Cor. i. iii. 117, Mac.
V. iii. 21 (Ff 23 4 ; see disseat).
disedg'e : to satisfy the appetite of Cym. in. iv. 96.
tlisf\irnish : to deprive Gent. iv. i. 14, Tim. in. ii.
49 to d. myself, Per. iv. vi. 12 she'll d. ^ls of all our
cai-aliers.
disgest, -gestion : old forms of digest, digestion.
disg'race: disfigurement LLL. i. i. 3 m the d. of
diath, Sonn. xxxiii. 8 [the si(«] Stealing unseen to
irest with this disgrace.
disgrac'd: disgraceful Wint. i. ii. 188.
disgrraceful (not pre-S. in any sense): devoid of
grace, unbecominglH6i.i.86?Acsc«?. wailing robes.
disg'racious (not pre-S. in any sense) : out of
favour, disliked R3 in. vii. HI, iv. iv. 178.
disguise: drunkenness, intoxication Ant. ii. vii.
131 the wild d. halh edmost Antick'd us all. ^ Cf.
the old use of 'disguised ' = drunk.
dishabited(S.): dislodged John ii. i. 220stones. ..d.
dishclout: used in contemptuous comparison Rom.
III. V. 221 Romeo's a dishclout to him.
dishonest: unchaste AViv. in. iii. 195, T\s'.N. i. v.
45, H5 I. ii. 49.
dishonesty : lewdness Wiv. iv. ii. 144.
dishonourable: used adv. in 1H4 iv. ii. .33.
dishonoiir'd : dishonouring, dishonourable Cor.
in. i. 59 this so d. rub, Lr. I. i. 231 So. . . d. step.
disjoin: intr. to sever oneself Yen. 541.
disjoint vb.: to fall to pieces Mac. in. ii. 16 let the
frame of things disjoint.
disjoint pple.: 'out of joint,' distracted Ham. i.
ii. 20 thinking . . . Oar .stale to be disjoint.
dislike sb. (rare use): disagreement, discord 1H4
V. i. 26, Troil. ii. iii. 239, Lr. i. iv. 350.
dislike vb. (the current trans, use is commonest)
1 to displease Rom. ii. ii. 61 if either thee d. (Qi dis-
please), 0th. II. iii. 50 I'll do 't ; hut it d-s mc.
2 intr. to disapprove o/AU'sW. ii. iii. 130.
disliken (S.): to disguise Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] GC9 d.
The truth.
dislimn: to obliterate the outlines of, efface, blot
60 - DIS PENSATION
out Ant. IV. xii. [xiv.] 10 (Ff dislimes). •] In
mod. use only in reminiscences of S.
dismal (obs. uses): ill-boding, sinisterSHG ii. vi.58
Noiv dealh shall slop liis (i.e. the screech-owl's) d.
///fY((/()(/)if/.w!(»id, Yen. 889; disastrous, calami tons
Rom. IV. iii. 19 My d. scene I needs must act alone.
^The orig. application oi the word is to the un-
lucky days (diesmali) of the mediaeval calendar;
the derived senses are none of them pre-Eliz.
disnial-dreaniing' : full of ill-boding dreams
Pilgr. xiv. 2u [l'OO].
dismantle: red. to change one's outward cover-
ing Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 669 muffle your face; I), you ;
to divest, strip Ham. in. ii. 298 This realm d-d
was Of .line himself; to remove (acovering) Lr. i.
i. 220 dismanlle So many folds of favour.
dismask (not pre-H.) : to unmask LLL. v. ii. 297.
dismay: to be discouraged IHO in. iii. 1 JJ. not,
princes.
disme : tenth man sacrificed Troil. ir. ii. 19.
dismiss : S. is the earliest authority for the senses
' discard, reject ' (Tp. iv. i. 67 the d-ed bachelor),
' put out of the mind, cease to entertain ' (Yen.
425 1). your tows), 'to send out of court, refuse
further liearing to' (Cor. ii. i. 86 d. the controversy).
dismiss'd: forgiven, remitted Meas. ii. ii. 102.
dismission : discliarge from service or office Ant.
I. i. 26 ; rejection Cym. n. iii. 57.
dismoiint (1 and 2 are not pre-S.; sense 2 is a
metaphor from gunnery practice)
1 to unseat, unhorse (fig.) H5 in. vii. 89 your horse
, . . would trot as well were some of your brags d-ed.
2 to lower Compl. 281 his . . . eyes he did d.
3 d. till] tuck, draw thy rapier from its sheath
Tw.\. in. iv. 247.
disnatur'd : unnatural Lr. i. iv. 307.
disorbed : removed from its sphere Troil. ii. ii. 46
Like a star disorb'd. Tj A S. coinage.
disorder sb. (not earlier than the 16th c; the verb
occurs in S. only in the pa. pple.)
1 disorderly act or practice, misdemeanour Tw.N.
II. iii. 107, Lr. i. ii. 127 machinations, hollowness,
treachery, and all ruinous disorders, li. iv. 202.
2 disturbance of mind, discomposure John in. iv.
102 suclt disorder in my wit. Yen. 742.
disorder'd : disorderly, unruly Lr. i. iv. 265, 279.
dispark : to throw open (park land) for common
use R2 in. i. 23 D-'d my parks, and felled my
forest ivoods.
dispatch sb. (2 is the commonest S. sense)
1 dismissal, leave to go, congii LLL. iv. i.5, Cor. v.
iii. 180 give us our el., Lr. ii. 1. 127 the several mes-
sengers From hence attend dispatch.
2 execution, settlement Meas. iv. iv. 14 to hare
n d. of complaints, LLL. II. i. SI craving quick d.,
All'sW. III. ii. 56 after some d. in liand at court,
IV. iii. 104; swift d., prompt execution, (hence)
speed, expedition H5 ii. iv. 6, 0th. i. iii. 46 post-
post-haste dispatch, Soiui. cxliii. 3.
3 conduct, management Mac. i. v. 69 into my d.
4 act of putting away liastily Lr. i. ii. 34.
dispatch vb. (the most freq. meaning in S. is ' to
make haste ')
1 to make away with, kill E2 in. i. 35 ; absol. Jolni
IV. i. 27, R3 I. ii. 182, Lr. n. i. CO ; also to dispatch
a person's life Lr. iv. v. 12.
2 to dcjirive of Ham. i. v. 75 Of life, of crown, of
([■uecn, at once ilispatch'd.
3 to settle, conclude (a business), execute prompt-
ly ; absol. AViv. v. v. 196 have you d-ed ?, Ant. v.
ii. 229; to settle or liave done uith Meas. in. i.
280 d. with Angclo, Ant. in. ii. 2 They have d-'d
irilh I'ompcy.
dispensation (2 cf. dispense 4)
DISPENSE -
61
— DISTASTEFUL.
1 licence granted by ecclesiastical aiitliority to do
wliat is forbidden or omit wliat is enjoined by
ecclesiastical law or by any solemn obligation
LLL. II. i. 87 sale a d. for /us outli, IHO v. iii. 80
II dispensation niriij he liiid.
2 MKkfsd. iii/li, sets aside Lncr.248(cf.nextword3).
dispense: always in tlio constr. disjiense irilli =
(1) to make an ariangenient witli, tor an oflence
2H6 V. i. 181 Canst iliou d. iritli licaren for such
an oath ? ; (2) to give exemption or relief from
LLL. I. i. 140 (if. witli this decree, IHG v. v. 28 d.
nitli that contract ; (3) to set aside, disregard
AViv. II. i. 47 d. with trifles; (4) to forgo, do witli-
out Meas. in. i. 152 d. witli yoitr leisure, Tim. in.
ii. 94 learn now with pity to d.\ (5) to condone by
dispensation, pardon Meas. iir. i. 133 i\'(i/((iv> d-s
with the dud, Y.kX- "• i. lOo, Liicr. 1070, 1279, 1704.
dispiteous : pitiless John iv. i. 34 (Ft dispitious).
displace: to remove, banish Mac. in. iv. 1U9,
Lucr. 887.
displant : to uproot (fis.) Knni. in. iii. 58 D. a town.
displanting: deposition tium office Otli. ii. i. 280.
display : to behave ostentatiously Lr. ii. iv. 41.
displeasure (the foil, are special or obs. uses)
1 i/onr d., the unpopularity you are in H8 in. ii.
393, Otli. III. i. 45.
2 take a d., take oflence Tp. iv. i. 202.
3 offence, wrong Err. iv. iv. 118 Do oiitraije and d.
to liiiiistif, V. i. 142 JJoinij d. to the citizens.
disponge : reading in mod. edd. for dispunge.
disport sb.: pastime, sport Otli. i. iii. 273, Lucr.
Arg. 11.
disport vb.: refl. to amuse oneself 3H6 iv. v. 8
CoiiHs liiintinr/this icaytod. himself, Tim. i. ii. 143.
dispose sb. (not pre-S.)
1 disposal Gent. n. vii. 80, iv. i. 70 Which . . . all
rest at thy dispose, Err. I. i. 20, John i. i. 203.
2 bent of mind, temperament Troil. n. iii. 170.
3 external manner Otli. l. iii. 403 a smooth dispose.
dispose vb. (dispose of is common in sense 2)
1 to place or distribute, to manage, do with H5 iv.
Chor. 51, H8 1. ii. 110 these so noble benefits . . . Sot
well d-d, Ti-oil. iv. v. 115 His blows are well d-'d:
there, Ajax.'.
2 to put or stow away, deposit Tp. i. ii. 225, Err. i.
i. 83, I. ii. 73, Tit. iv. ii. 175.
3 to regulate, order, direct H5 TV. iii. 132 how thou
pleasest, God, d. the day! ; refl. to direct one's ac-
tion Wint. I. ii. 179, Per. i. ii. 117 ; also in gerund
(/(«po.«m/7=direction, arrangement John v. vii. 92,
H8 I. i. 43, Ven. 1040.
4 to settle matters, come to terms (S.) Ant. iv. xii.
[xiv.] 123 you did siispect She had d-'d with Casar.
disposed : inclined to merriment, in amerry mood
LLL. n. i. 248, v. ii. 467, Tw.N. n. iii. 91.
disposition (1 rare ; 2 and 3 about equally freq.)
1 arrangement 0th. i. iii. 237// d.for my wife.
2 inclination, humour, mood AYL. i. i. 133, iv. i.
118 a more coiiiiny-on d., R3 1, iii. 03, Cor. i. vi. 74,
in. ii. 21 The thwarting of your d-s, Rom. i. iii. 05
your disposition to be married, Lr. i. iv. 310.
3 natural constitution or temperament Wiv. iv. v.
m the villanous inconstancy of man's d., Rom. in.
iii. 114, Ham. i. ii. 169.
disprize: to hold in contempt Troil. rv. v. 74 (Q
uiisprisinfi). Ham. in. i. 72 d-d lore (Qq despiz'd).
disproperty (S.) : to alienate (a possession) Cor. 1 1.
i. 207 Dispropertiid their friedoms.
disproportion sb. : want of fitness Otli. in. iii. 233
Foul d., thoni/lits unnatural (so Qq ; Ff d-s).
disproportion vb.: to make out of proportion 3HG
III. ii. 100 To d. me in every part. Like to a chaos.
disproportion'd (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 out of proportion Tp. v. i. 290.
2 inconsistent Oth. i. iii. 2.
dispunge: to pourdown as from a squeezed sponge
Ant. IV. ix. 13 The poisonous damp of niyht dis-
pu>ir/e upon me.
dispurse : to disburse 2HC in. i. 117. TJ ' Probably
from some Scottish chronicle' (H. C. Hart); the
only other recorded examples of this word are
from a Scottish Act of Parliament (1043), and
Heslop's Northiiinberland glossary (1892).
dispiitable: inclined to dispute (S.) AYL. ir. v. 35.
disputation: conversation (S.) 1H4 in. i. 205, H5
III. ii. 105.
dispiite (1 an obs. sense ; 2 not pre-S.) [02.
1 todiscuss Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 413 ; cf. Rom. in. iii.
2 to strive against, resist Mac. rv. iii. 219'.
disquantity (not pre-S.) : to diminish Lr. i. iv. 272.
disquietly: inadisturbingmanner(S.)Lr. i. ii.l27.
disseatf: to unseat Mac. v. iii. 21 (Fi dis-eate,
Ff234 dis-ease; many conj.).
dissemble: to disguise (once in S.) Tw.'N'. iv. ii. 5.
dissenibling vbl. sb.: falseness, hypocrisy 3H0
III. iii. 119; so the ppl. adj.=false, hypocritical
Err. IV. iv. 102 D. villain, Troil. v. iv. 2 Thaid
mrltt ; fig. MND. ii. ii. 98 What ...d. (jlass of mine.
dissembly : Dogberry's perversion of ' assembly '
Ado IV. ii. 1.
dissolution (5 times in S.; 1 not pre-S.)
1 liquefaction Wiv. in. v. 121 a man of continual
d. and thaw, Lucr. 355 Ayainst love's fire fear's frost
hath dissolution .
2 destruction, ruin Meas. in. ii. 242, R2 n. i. 259
Kcproach and d., Lr. I. ii. 103 d-s of ancient amities.
dissolve (sense 4 iiitr. is most free].)
1 to loosen, undo R2 ii. ii. 71 d. the bands of life,
Troil. v. ii. 153 The bonds of heaven are . . . d-'d,
mid loos'd.
2 to part, separate "Wiv. v. v. 249 [237] nothinij can
d.us, AH'sW. I. ii. (SGd-dfrom my hive, Cor. I. i. 210.
3 to destroy, put an end to Lr. iv. iv. 19 Lest his
■unijovern'd raije d. the life; also intr. to come to
an'end Tp. rv. i. 154, v. i. 64 The charm d-s apace.
4 to melt R2 in. ii. 108 all d-'d to tears ; also intr.
Gent. III. ii. 8, MND. i. i. 245, Lr. v. iii. 205
('ready to shed tears'). Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 162.
dissuade: discourage AlFsW. in. v. 24.
distaff: cleft stick on which wool or flax was
formerly wound ; used as tlie typo of woman's
occuijation Lr. iv. ii. 17, Cym. v. iii. 34; so
distaff-woman R2 in. ii. 118.
distain: to defile, sully, dishonour R3 v. iii. 323,
Troil. I. iii. 241, Per. iv. iii. 31 She did distaiuir
nil) child (old edd. disdain{e), Lucr. 780.
distance (1 the orig. sense of the word ; the usual
S. .sense is that of 'intervening space', of which
2 is a special use)
1 disagreement Mac. in. i. 116 in such bloody d.
2 in fencing, definite interval of space to be kept
between the combatants Wiv. ii. i. 232 [223], ii.
iii. 27, Rom. ii. iv. 23.
3 remoteness in intercourse, thei-everseof intimacy
or familiarity Oth. ll. iii. 59 a wary d., in. iii. 13
o politic d., Compl. 151 With safest distance I mine
honour shielded.
distaste (not pre-Eliz.; 2, 3 not pre-S.)
1 to have no taste for, disrelish, dislike Troil. ii. ii.
66, Lr. I. iii. lb (Qq dislike).
2 to offend the taste, cause disgust Troil. iv. iv. 48
D-ini/ (Ff) with the salt of broken tears, Oth. in.
iii. .328.
3 to render distasteful Troil. ll. ii. 123 her hrani-
sick raptures Cannot d. the yoodness of a quarrel,
IV. iv. 48 D-d (Qq) with the salt of broken tears.
distasteful: expressing dislike or aversion Tim,
I n. ii. 221 distasteful looks.
DISTEMPER -
distemper sb. (2 and 3 not pre-S.; 3 cf. distem-
pering)
1 ill linmour, ill temper Wiv. iii. iii. 230, m. v. 80
tnxtifjatfd hi/ Ill's fl., Wint. I. ii. 385, Hani. iii. ii.
358 nhat is: yoiir rcmse. (if (I.?, III. iv. 122.
2 deranged condition of body or mind, illness,
disease Ham ii. ii. 55 your .ion's distemper.
3 intoxication H5 ii. ii. 54 little faults, proceeding
oil dis/fiiijiir.
distemper vb.: to distnrb, disorder Tw.N. ii. i. 5
///( mill III ltd ncij of my fate might, pirhaps,d. yours.
Yen. ('.53 ihstiuhiiuj Jealousy . . . Uisteiiiperiiiij
f/nilU Lovf ill his lUsire. % See also distempered.
distemperance : - distemperature 2, Per. v. i. 27
distemperature (in MND. ii. i. 106, 1H4 v. i. 3
tliciv is prob.'ibly a glance at tlie old sense of
' inclemency of weatlier ', but tbe direct ref. is to
'ill liumoiir, discomposure ')
1 physical disorder or derangement, ailment, ill-
ness Err. V. i. 82 pnle d-s, 1H4 m. i. 34 Our gran-
dam earth, having this d.. In passion shook.
2 disturbance of mind Rom. ii. iii. 40 Thou art up-
rntts'd by some d.. Per. v. i. 27.
distempered (1 tlie orig. sense ; cf. prec. •word)
1 inclement .John in. iv. 1.54 no d-d day ; transf.
All'sW. I. iii. 159 this d-d messenger of net (i. e.
the rainbow).
2 out of humour or temper, vexed Tp. iv. i. 145,
John IV. iii. 21, Ham. in. ii. 317.
3 pliysically disordered, diseased, ailing Tw.N. i.
V. 97 a d. appetite, 2H4 in. i. 41 as a body, yet, d-d,
Troil. II. ii. 169, Sonn. cliii. 12.
4 mentally or morally deranged, distracted Eoni.
11. iii. 33 a d-d head, Mac. v. ii. 15 his d-d cause.
distil (3 is much the commonest S. use)
1 to fall in minute drops Tit. in. i. 17. fiii. 15.
2 to let fall in minute drops Tit. ii. iii. 201, Rom. v.
3 to obtain or extract the essence of, also to obtain
(the quintessence) by extraction or distillation
(lit. and fig.) MND. l. i. 76 the rose d-d, AYL. in.
ii. 153 Nature prestnth/ d-'d Helen's cheek, AU'sW.
II. iv. 47, H5 IV. i. 5, Troil. I. iii. 350 a man d-'d
Out of our virtttes, Mac. in. v. 26 : used absol.
Cym. I. V. \^ To make perfumes? distil? preserve?.
4 to melt Ham. i. ii. 204 (F, hestil'd).
distillation : product of distilling Wiv. in. v. 117,
Sonn. V. 9 ; so distilment Ham. i. v. 64 The
hperous distilment.
disti'nct sb.: separate thing (S.)Phoen. 27 Two d-s.
distinct adj.: stressed disti'nct Troil. iv. v. 244;
di'stinct Mer.V. ii. ix. 61, Troil. iv. iv. 45.
distinction : discrimination Troil. iir. ii. 26.
distinctively : (?) distinctly 0th. i. iii. 155 (so
Ff:;?i4; F] iiistinctiuely, Qqintentiichj).
distinctly (obs. use): separately, individually Tp.
I. ii. 200, (or. III. i. 205, iv. iii. 48, 0th. ii. iii. 292'.
distingiiishm.ent : distinction Wint. ii. i. 85.
distract ppl. adj.:
1 separated, divided Compl. 231 Tlicird. parcels.
2 perplexed, confused C;es. iv. iii. 154. [vi.289.
3 crazy, mad Tw.N. v. i. 290, Ham. iv. v. 2, Lr. iv.
distract vb. :
1 to separate, divide, scatter All'sW. v. iii. 35 to the
liriglitest beams J)-ed clouds give tcay, 0th. I. iii.
328, Ant. III. vii. 43 Distract your army.
2 to perplex, confuse, Ijewilder Wiv. n. ii. 141 This
nni's d-s me, Tim. in. iv. 110 your distracted sottl,
Mac. 11. iii. Ill, Ham. I. v. 97 this d-cd globe.
3 to make mad Err. v. i. 39, 2H4 n. i. 12(). [28.
distractedly: disjointedly Tw.N. n. ii. 22, Compl.
distraction: division, detachment Ant. in. vii. 76
I/is piticer went out in such d-s. ^J The senses re-
ferring to mental derangenunt follow the vb.
62 —DO
distrain; to levy a distress upon R2 ii. iii. 131,
(hence) to confiscate 1H6 i. iii. 61 (/-'</ the Tower
to his ?(.sr. [iv. iii. 50.
distraug'ht: mentally deranged R3 in. v. 4, Rom.
distressful : gained' by hard toil H5 iv. i. 290
ilistnssfal bread.
distribute: to administer (justice) Cor. in. iii. 97.
distrustful: diffident 1H6 i. ii. 126.
disturb: disturbance R3 iv. ii. 72 my sweet .tkep's
d-s (Ff disturbers). ^ Used by Samuel Daniel
(1597) and Milton (1667).
disvalue (not pre-S.) : to disparage Meas. v. i. 215.
disvouch (S.) : to contradict Meas. iv. iv. 1.
dive-dapper : dabchick Yen. 86 a d. peering th rough
a imie.
divers (1 now expressed by the form ' diver.se ' ; in
H8 v. iii. 18 new opinions, I), and dangerous, the
old meaning ' wrong, pen'erse ' is perhaps repre-
sented)
1 different in kind AYL. in. ii. 329, 2H4 in. i. 53,
H5i. ii. 184, Rom. n. iii. 11.
2 various, sundry, several Wiv. i. i. 236, Coes.
IV. 1. 20; absol. Mer.Y. in. i. 121 d. of Antonio's
creditors.
divest (spelling of the earlier 'devest', not re-
corded earlier than Fi, i.e. 1623)
1 intr. to undress 0th. ii. iii. 183 (Qq Ff Devesting).
2 to strip or dispossess oneself (of) H5 ii. iv. 78
(Ff driest), Lr. i. i. 51 (Ff divest).
dividable: that divides (S.) Troil. i. iii. 105.
divi'dant: divided, separate (S.) Tim. iv. iii. 5.
divided : incomplete, imperfect John n. i. 439.
divin.e sb. : applied to a priest of a heathen religion
Wint. in. i. 19 Apollo's great divine.
divine adj.: immortal, blessed R2 I. i. 38 Or my d.
soul answer it in heaven.
divinely : piously, religiously, sacredly John n. i.
237 most d. vow'd, R3 in. vii. 61 /). bent to meditation.
divineness: superhuman excellence Cym. in. vi. 43.
diviner: soothsayer, seer Err. in. ii. 145.
division (tlie foil, are technical senses)
1 in music, execution of a rapid passage of melody,
esp. one consisting of florid phrases or runs 1H4
in. i. 210 ditties . . . Sting . . . With ravishing d., to
her lute, Rom. in. v. 29 the lark makes sweet d.;
(hence fig.) variation, modulation Mac. iv. iii. 96
abound In the d. of each several crime, Acting it
many tvays.
2 definite portion of a battalion or squadron 2H4 1.
iii. 70 his d-s . . . Are in three heads ; cf. Otli. i. i.
23 the division of a battle.
divorce: that which causes separation H8 n. i. 76
the long d. of steel ( = executioner's axe), Tim. iv.
iii. dSi dear d. 'Tioixt natural .ion and sire, Yen.
932 Hateful d. of love (viz. Death).
divulgfe: to proclaim (a person) to be so-and-so
Wiv. III. ii. 44 d. Page himself for a secure and
wilful Acteeon, Tw.N. i. v. 281 In voices well d-'d
( = of good repute).
divulgingf: becoming known Ham. iv. i. 22.
dizzy: to make 'dizzy', confuse Troil. v. ii. 171 d.
with more clamour Neptune's ear. Ham. v. ii. 120
d. (he arithmetic of memory (Q2 dosie, Qj dazzie,
Qq 4_r, dizzie).
dizzy-ey'd: dazzled 1H6 iv. vii. 11 D.fury.
do (the chief obs. or archaic uses are the following ;
see also doing, done)
1 to put to death Ado v. iii. 3, 2H6 in. ii. 179 ; also
do him dead 3H6 I. iv. 108.
2 to play the part of, enact Ado n. i. 124, MND. I.
ii. 28, 71 You may do it extemjiore.
3 imperative -'goon !'Tp. iv. i.241, Troil. n. i. 45.
4 = ' do with ' Lucr. 1092 /'or day hath nought to rfj
ii'hat's done by night.
DOCK'S — (
5 tobcsiifficieiit ; plir.fi// iroiiItJ iioUhjlUiuAv. 192.
to dOi to lie done, still undone IMeas. i. ii. 121,
AYL. I. ii. 122, 2H6 in. ii.H, Ham. iv. iv. 44 ; do
g'ood, succeed Wint. ir. ii. 54 ; do withal Mev. V.
HI. iv. 72 J could not do iii/litil, I could not lielp it.
dock'dt: put in dock Mei-.V. r. i. 27 Aiul see nnj
■umUhy Andrew dock'd in snnd (old edd. rfoc/.*).
doctrine (2 a late example of tliis sense)
1 instruction, lesson LLL. iv. iii. 302, Rom. i. i. 244,
Ant. V. ii. 31 Unrn A d. of oheduncc.
2 learning, condition All'sW. i. iii. 249.
document (once): instruction Ham. rv. v. 177.
do de : used to represent shivering or tlie chatter-
ing of teeth from cold Lr. in. iv. 57.
dodg'e: to be shiftj- Ant. in. ix. [xi.] G2.
doff: see daff.
dog" : occurs in vai'ious proverbs and comparisons,
e.g. Wiv. I. iv. 118, Mer.V. i. i. 94, Tw.N. ii. iii.
150, 1H4 II. i. 10, Tit. v. i. 122 ; dogs of mir Cres.
III. i. 273 (cf. H5 I. Chor. 7) is a S. expression
much echoed by mod. writers ; — (n) dog id, an
adept at Gent. iv. iv. 14, Tw.N. ii. iii. G6 / am do<i
at a catch ; — the dog's name, applied tothe letter!?,
which Ben Jonson says ' is the dog's letter, and
burreth in the sound ' Rom. n. iv. 225.
dog'-ape: (?) dog-faced baboon, cynoeephalns AYL.
II. V. 27 like the encounter of tiro dog-apes.
dog'-days: the days about the time of the heliacal
rising of the Dog-star, the hottest and most un-
wliolesome period of the 3'ear, about July 3 to
Augu.stlS, H8v. iv. 44.
dog°fish: name of a kind of small shark, applied
opprobriously to a person IHG i. iv. 107.
dog-fox: (properly) male fox; applied to Ulysses
(?)=hloody-minaed fellow Troil. v. iv. 12.
dog'g'ed : like a dog John iv. iii. 149 Xoic . . . Doth d.
liar bristle his angry crest ; (hence) cruel, malicious
John rv. i. V29 these d. spies, 2Ht5 in. i. 158 rf. I'ork.
dog' -hearted : cruel Lr. iv. iii. 47 his d. daughters.
dog'-hole: vile place, unfit for human Iiabltation
All'sW. n. iii. 291 Prance is a dog-hole.
dog's-leather : leather made of dogskin 2H6 iv.
ii.27. Cf. 'Dogs leather gloucs'Cotgr. s.v. 'Gans.'
dog-weary (not pre-S.) : tired out Shr. iv. ii. GO.
doing : deed, action, performance R3 ii. ii. 90, H8
I. ii. 74, Cor. i. ix. 40 ; also pi. Cor. i. ix. 23.
doit: a former Dutch coin, equivalent to half a
farthing, used as the type of a small sum Tp. ii.
ii. 34, Mer.V. I. iii. 141, 2H6in. i. 112, Cor. iv. iv. 17.
dole' (in 2H4 i. i. lG9 = distribution)
1 sliare, portion All'sW. n. iii. ll&uhatd. of honour
Flies u'liere yon bid it.
2 portion or lot in life, destiny, in phr. happy man
be his d., i.e. may his lot be" to be called 'Happy
man !' Wiv. in. iv. 68, Shr. i. i. 143, Wint. i. ii.
1G3, lH4n. ii. 84.
dole^: grief, sorrow, mourning AYL. i. ii. 140
making such pitiful dole. Ham. I. ii. 13 neighing
dflighi and dole.
dollar: in S.'s time applied both to the German
thaler and the Spanish piece of eight (eight
reals) Mac. i. ii. 64 ; also with play on 'dolour'
Tp. II. i. 18 ; cf. Lr. n. iv. 54.
dolphin : mammal of the whale family Tw.N. i. ii.
14 : see also dauphin, and cf. 1H6 v. iv. 107.
domination: sovereignty John n. i. 176.
dominator: ruler, lord LLL. i. i. 220.
domineer: to feast riotously Shr. in. ii. 227.
dominical: for 'd. letter,' the letter, marked in
1 ed on old almanacs, used to denote the Sundays
in a particular year LLL. v. ii. 44. *\ The seven
letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G are used in succession
to denote the first seven days of the year (January
1-7), and then in rotation the next seven days.
! —DOVE
so that, e. g. if the 3rd of January be a Sunday,
the dominical letter for the year is C.
done (1 is recorded first from S.)
1 agreed ! Tp. ii. i. m, Shr. v. ii. 74, Cor. r. iv. 2.
2 ruined, lost All'sW. iv. ii. C6, R2 i. i. 183, Ham.
III. ii. 174, Yen. 197.
doom sb. (1 the usual S. sense)
1 judgement, sentence R2 i. iii. 148.
2 day of d., only = 'last day of one's life, day of
dissolution, death-day,' not ' day of judgement '
(S. uses simplv doom or general doom) R2 in. ii.
189, 3Hfi V. vi.'93. Tit. n. iii. 42 ; so doomsday
1H4 IV. i. 134, R3 v. i. 12, Rom. v. iii. 234.
doom vb. (rare use) : to decide, judgeCym. v. v.421.
door: Speak within door, lower your tone, do nut
talk so loud Otii. iv. ii. 144 (Qq elores) ; in War-
wickshire the phr. 'Speak within the house'
was current till recently in the same sense ;— is
the wind in that door?, Is th.at tiie tendency of
affairs? 1H4 in. iii. 101.
door particulars : home or private affairs Lr. v.
i. 30 these domestirdoor particulars (Qq ; mod. edd.
chiefly, following Ff, these domestic (end particular
broils). [22.
dormouse: attrib.= sleepy, dormant Tw.N. ni. ii.
dotage: feebleness of mind Lr. i. iv. 317 ; exces-
sive fondness 0th. iv. i. 27.
dotant (S.) : dotard Cor. v. ii. 47 a decayed dofant.
dote: to act or talk foolishly Err. iv. iv. GO, 'Ven.
1059 ; to be excessively fond or in love Gent. iv.
iv. 89, Ham. v. ii. 197, Ven. 837 ; hence doter,
fond lover LLL. iv. iii. 260, doting, fond R3 iv.
iv. 301, Lucr. 1064.
double sb. : sliarp turn (not pre-S.) Ven. 682.
double adj.: as d. as, liaving twice the power or
influence of 0th. I. ii. 14 ; d. beer, strong beer
2H6 II. iii. 64.
double adv.: doubly, twice All'sW. n. iii. 252,
Wint. V. iii. 107, Mac. iv. i. 83 make assurance d.
sure ; double-fatal yew R2 in. ii. 117 so called be-
cause it has poisonous leaves, and was used for
instruments of death ; with duplicity, deceit-
fully Rom. II. iv. 180 deal double with her.
double vb.: to be twice as much as Lr. ii. iv. 262 ;
fig. Cym. in. iv. 180 honourable. And, doubling
that, most holy.
double-henned : Troil. v. vii. IV my double-henued
sparrow: (Q spartan), an obscure expression,
' sparrow . . . with a female married to two cocks,
and hence false to both ' (Schmidt).
doublet: close-fitting body-garment, with or with-
out sleeves, worn by men from the 14th to the
18th cent. Tp. ll. i. 108 ;— rf. and hose, typical male
attire ; also, a kind of undress, or dress for active
pursuits, implying absence of the warm cloak,
or the dignified gown or long coat Wiv. in. i. 46
in your d. and hose! this raw rheumatic day 7,
AYL. II. iv. 6(7. and hose ought to show itself cou-
rageous to petticoat. [12.
double-vantage : to benefit doubly Sonn . Ixxxviii.
doubt (1 remains in dial, use)
1 to suspect, apprehend Cor. in. i. 151, Ham. i. ii.
255 I (loubt some foul play, 0th. in. iii. 19.
2 refl. to fear Tim. i. ii. IGl I doubt me.
doubtful: inclined to suspect, suspicious, appre-
hensive Mer.V. III. ii. 109, Tw.N. rv. iii. 27, Mac.
in. ii. 7 dwell in d. joy, Lr. v. i. 12 / am d. that
you liai'e been . . . bosom'd with her.
doubtless : without fear or suspicion John iv. i.
130 pretty child, sleep d., 1H4 in. ii. 20 I am d. I
can purije Myself.
dout (Fi (ioubt) : to put out, extinguish (fig.) H5 iv.
ii. 11, Ham. iv. vii. 192 (Qq Ff234 drown(e)s).
dove: common type of gentleness and harmlessuess
DOWER'D —
G4
MNU. I. i. 171 llie shiiplicitijof Ifjurs' dove.i. Ham.
V. i. 308 ; lience, an innocent or simpleton Slir.
HI. ii. 100 slic's II hdiib, a iloir, a fool to him.
dower'd: eniloweil Lr. r. i. 207 f). with our cnrse.
dowlas: coarse liind of linen 1H4 iii. iii. 79.
dowlie: soft fine leather Tp. iir. iii. 05.
down: used in ballad refrains without appreciable
iiaaiiini; Wiv. i. iv. 44, Ham. w. v. lO'J.
down-g-yved : hanging down like gyves or fetters
Ham. n. 1. 80 liis stockings . . . d. to his anhle.
dov/nrigrht ad].:
1 directed straiuht downwards, vertical 2Ht) n. iii.
it:! a (lointriiilit hinw, :iH() i. i. 12.
2 direct, straightforward, plain, definite Mcas. in.
ii. 115, H5 V. ii. 150(7. oaths, 0th. i. iii. 251.
downrig'ht adv. (in Ven. 645 ? = ' straight down,'
or 'straightway, forthwith')
1 positively, absolutely, out and out LLL. v. ii. :W0,
Rom. ni. V. 120 It rains ihirnrir/ht.
2 plainly, definitely AYL. iir. iv. 29.
Downs: the part of tlie sea within the Goodwin
Sands off the east coast of Kent, a f;\mous
rendezvous for ships 2H6 iv. i. 9 whilst our pin-
nace anchors in the Downs. [20.
down sleeves ' : (?) close-fitting sleeves Ado th. iv.
doxy: vagabond's cant for a beggar's mistress
Wint. IV. ii. 2. [i- 2(i.
drabbing: associating with bad women Ham. ii.
draff: jiig-wash, hog's-wash Wiv. iv. ii. 112 67///
sirinc cats all the draff (Ff Q, draurjh), 1H4 IV.
ii. :58 catini/ draff and husks.
drag'on: a yoke of dragons is attributed by S. to
the goddess of the night MND. in. ii. .379, Troil.
V. viii. 17 The d. winy of niijht, Cyin. ii. ii. 48 ijon
draqons of the tiii/Iit.
dragfon's tail : the descending node of the moon's
orbit with the ecliptic Lr. I. ii. 145 under the d.
drain (rare use) : to let fall in drops 2Hi) in. ii. 142.
dxam: i ounce apothecaries' weight, -f^ ounce
avoirdupois weight ; (hence) very small quantity
All'sW. II. iii. 232 ;— i fluid ounce ; (hence) spec,
dose of poison Wint. i. ii. 320, Rom. v. i. 00 ht
me have A dram of jioison. [Tim. v. i. 107.
draug'ht: cesspool, privy, sewer, Troil. v. i. 84,
draw (see also drawn ; 8 is not pre-S.)
1 intr. to pull a vehicle, fig. applied to acting in
concert Troil. v. v. 44 ire d. ior/ether, 0th. iv. i. 08
Think every bearded fellow that's hut yok'd May d.
with you.
2 to bend (a bow), pnll back (an arrow) on the
.string (freq.) ; also ab.sol. Tit. iv. iii. 3 Look yc d.
home (nouffli, 03 Xoic, masters, draw.
3 intr. to draw the bow across a fiddle Ado v. i. 131.
4 (of a sliip) to displace so inucli water (absol.)
Troil. n. iii. 280 yreater hulks draw deep.
5 to gather, collect, assemble John iv. ii. 118, 1H4
HI. i. 90, Troil. ll.iii.80, Cor.ii. iii. 261, Caes. i. iii. 22.
to withdraw 2H4 ii. i. 100 Go, wash thy face, and
draw thy action, 3H6 v. i. 25, H8 v. iv. 62, Cyni.
IV. iii. 24*^.
7 = ' draw liquor,' be a drawer Wiv. i. iii. 11.
8 to receive (money), to win (a stake) Mer.V. iv. i.
87, Wint. I. ii. 248 the rich stake drawn. Ham. iv.
V. 141 (fig.), Lr. I. i. 87 to d. A third more opulent
than your sisters.
9 to bring (something into a person's liands) Lr.
III. iii. 24, Gym. iir. iii. 18 Draws us n profit.
10 to disembowel (usu. quibblingly) Meas. ii. i. 221
(cf. sense 7), Ado in. ii. 22, John ii. i. 504.
11 to write out, frame, compose MNU. i. ii. 108.
Mer.V. IV. i. 395, Shr. n. i. 127, R3 v. iii. 24.
draw on, (1) to involve as a consequence 3H6 ui,
iii. 75, (2) to entice, lead on Mac. in. v. 2'.l ;
(3j intr. to ai'proacli Sviv. v. iii. 20, v. v. 2, MND.
-DROP
I. i. 2 ; draw out, to extend, lengtlien Cses. in.
i. 100; cf. Ki V. iii. 2di AVyforeicard shall be drawn
out all in hnf/th, draw up, (1) to set in array Lr.
V. i. 51 draw up your powers; Lucr. 1368 Before
the which IS drawn the power of Greece ; (2) to inhale
Ven. 929 draws up her breath.
drawer: tapster Wiv. n. ii. 107, Rom. in. i. 9.
drawn (the foil, are special uses)
1 (/. fox, a fox driven from cover and therefore
wily in his attempts to get back again 1H4 in.
iii. 128 (?also ref. to 'fox'= broadsword).
2 having one's sword drawn Tp. ii. i. 316, MND.
ni. ii. 402, H5 ii. i. 39.
3 d. of, emptied of Cym. v. iv. 168.
dread sb. ; one deeply revered Ven. 635 irondrous d.!
dread adj.: dreadful, terrible Tp. i. ii. 206 Itis dread
tridoit; held in awe, revered 2H6 v. i. 17 our
dread lieije. Ham. in. iv. 108 i/oio- dread command.
dread vb.: to be anxious about Pilgr. vii. 10 [94]
Dreadinij mij love, tlie loss thereof still fearinq.
dreadful (obs. use) : full of dread R3 r. i. 8, Ham.
I. ii. 207, 0th. n. iii. 177 ; so dreadfully, with
dread Jleas. iv. ii. 149 apprehends death no more
d. but as a drunken sleep ; also colloquially used
as a strong intensive, = exceedingly, ' terribly '
Ham. II. ii. 281 I aiii, most d. attendul.
ixegs (once sing, dreg Troil. in. ii. 68) : always
fig. (1) worthless part of something, impurity,
corrupt matter Troil. in. ii. 68, 70, Tim. i. ii. 242
Friendship'sfullofd., Sonn. Ixxiv. 9; (2) residue,
last remains Tp. n. ii. 43 /(// the d. of the storm be
past, R3 I. iv. 125, Cor. v. ii. 83.
dress (the sense ' to prepare, equip' is freq., often
with more or less explicit ref. to putting on
clothes)
1 to cultivate (a plot of ground) R2 in. iv. 50.
2 to train, break (a horse) R2 v. v. 80.
dressing: trimming up, refashioning Sonn. cxxiil.
4 They are butd-sofaformersiijht \ pi. ornaments
of office Meas. v. i. 56.
dribbling (old edd. dribliny) : of an arrow, falling
short or wide of the mark Meas. i. iii. 2 the d.
dart of love.
drift (1 once ; 2 tlie usual S. sense)
1 shower (of bullets) John n. i. 412.
2 what one is driving at, aim, tendency Tp. v. i.
29 d. of my purpose, Wiv. n. li. 250 understand
my rf., Troil. in. iii. 113 the author's d., Rom. n.
iii. 55, Ham. n. i. 10 (/. of question, in. i. 1 d. of
circumstance* (Qq d. of confcrenct), iv. vii. 151.
3 scheme, plot, design Gent. n. vi. 43, &c.
drink sb. : carousal (S.) Tim. in. v. 75, Ant. n. vii. 112.
drink vb.: to d. (a person) dead drunk, to bed, said
of the seasoned toper who sees his companions
succumb to the effects of their potations 0th. n.
iii. 85, Ant. n. v. 21.
drive (past tense drove, drave : pa. pple. driven,
droven, (?) drove in 2H0 in. ii. 84)
1 to rush at or upon Tit. n. iii. 64, Ham. n. ii. 502.
2 let d., to aim blows, strike 1H4 n. iv. 221 Four
roijues . . . let d. at me, 251.
3 d. away, to cause (the time) to pass 1H4 ii. iv. 31.
driven: (of snow) drifted Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 220
Lawn as white us d. snow; (of down) separated
from the heavier down by a current of air 0th.
I. iii. 232 My thrice-d. bed ofdoirn.
drollery: puppet-show Tp. in. iii. 21 .1 liviny d.;
comic picture 2H4 n. i. 100 a pretty sliyht d.
drone: the bass pipe of a bagpipe, which emits
one continuous note 1H4 i. ii. 85.
drooping chair : chair of old age (cf. cuair-days)
IHO IV. v. 5.
drop sb. : used for 'tear-drop' (freq.) Tp. l. ii. 155,
Yen. 'JSl, Lucr. 1228; 'drop of blood' H5 ill. v.
DROP —
25, Troil. IV. v. 132 muj d. llioii borrow'dd from
till/ niotlicr. Cor. v. i. iOllie d-s TliiU ice liave bird
toi/cllKr ; lig. small qiiaiitity Mfi.V. II. ii. 201,
Otli. IV. ii. .'■>-' .1 ''. 0/ jiii/itiicc, Cyiii. iv. ii. 304.
drop vli.: d. forth, biing forth, produce AYL. iii.
ii. 262 irlicn il d-s fotth mich J'ntil, iv. iii. 35 d.
forlli .such niniit-rnde inicnlion \ d. in for, come
"in for Sonn. xc. 4.
dropping: (Irijiiiiiig wet Per. iv. i. G2 ivith a d.
iiidiistiij tliiij sliiii From sUin to sltrn \ tearful
Ham. I. ii. 11 drojiphii/ cijc.
dropsied: iiillatcil Airs\\'. ii. iii. 135 a d. honour.
drossy: Irivulniis Hani. v. ii. 197 the diossi/ ai/c.
drouth: lack of moisture, thirst Per. in. Cio\ver8,
Yen. 544.
drovier : cattle-dealer Ado ii. i. 201.
drown : to niake-tonipletely drunk (S.) Tw.N. i. v.
l^^) (I third [dnnii/h/l d-s him ; cf. Tim. ill. v. 70
(( sin Hull (ijtin Ihoii lis him. Veil. 984.
drowsy: inducing sleep Otli. iii. iii. 3S2d.sijrttps.
drug': spec, poisonous or injurious concoction
Honi. V. i. GO, Ham. in. ii. 270, 0th. l. ii. 74.
drumble: to be .sluggish Wiv. in. iii. 157.
dry adj. (1 properly, =tliat docs not draw blood)
1 severe, hard Err. il. ii. 05 nuoihcr d. basthif/.
2 (of jests, i:c.) dull, stupid AYL. n. vii. 39, LLL.
V. ii. 374, Tw.N. i. iii. 81, v. 44.
dry vb : to cause (tlic brain) to lose its substance
(cf. DRV adj. 2) AViv. v. v. 147, Ham. iv. v. 153.
dry-beat: to beat soundly (cf. drv adj. 1) LLL. v.
ii. 204, Kom. in. i. 84, iv. v. 127.
dry-foot: drmn d., track game by the scent of the
foot Err. IV. ii. 39.
dub: to confer the rank of knighthood Tw.N. in.
iv. 200, H5 IV. viii. 91 ; (hence) to invest witli
a dignity R3 i. i. 82 dnbb'd than rifntUwoiiicn ; to
dub with an opprobrious name H6 n. ii. 120.
ducat : gold coin of varying value, formerly in use
in most European countries, that current in
Holland, Russia, Austria, and Sweden being
equivalent to about 9.v. 4rf.; also, silver coin of
Italy, value about 3*'. Crf. Mer.V. ii. viii. 19,
double d-s, ILani. in. iv. 23 Deud, for a d., dead !
ducdame (unexplained ; many coiij.) : AYL. ii. v.
51, .'>S.
dudgeon : hilt of a dagger of wood of the .same
name (/boxwood) Mac. ir. i. 40.
due si), (obs. use) : debt Mer.V. iv. i. 37 the due and
forfeit of mij bond, Tim. n. ii. 10 a note of ctrtuin
'dues, 158.
due adj. (nautical use): straiglil, direct 115 in.
Clior. n Noldinr/ d. course to Hiirfleur, Otli. l. iii. 34.
due adv.: duly 2H4 in. ii. 333 duer paid. ^ S. is
the earliest authority for the nautical use Tw.N.
in. i. 148 due ircsf.
due vb. : to endue, invest IHO iv. ii. 34.
duello : established code of duellists LLL. i. ii. 188,
Tw.N. in. iv. 341 he cunnot bi/ the dmilo moid il.
duke sb.: sovereign prince, ruling a small state
called a duchy Tp. i. ii. 58 I), of Miluu ; hence used
to render the Venetian 'doge' 0th. iv. i. 2.30;
liere<litaiy title of nobility in Great Britain,
ranking next to that of prince 2H0 i. i. 125
Suffolk's duke.
diike vb.: d. il, play the duke Mcas. in. ii. 102.
dull (all the foil, are frefi.: 5 not prc-S.)
1 not quick or sharp, olituse, stupid Tp. v. i. 297
this d. fool, IW IV. iv. 440 [)., nniniudfnl nllnin.
2 wanting sensibility or acuteness in the Imilily
faculties, physically insensible Shr. Ind. i. 24 Ihi
d-cst scent, \Vint. i. ii. 421 the d-csl nostril, 118
III. ii.434rf. coldiiinrble. Ant. in. iii. 10 (i. ofloiif/iie.
3 slow, inert, inactive, heavy, drowsy Mer.V. n.
vii. 8(/. /<i('/, John in. iv. lU9//(( d. lurofu droiisji
65 — DWEI.Ii
)/((()(, 1114 IV. ii. 87 a d. ff/hter, Ham. iv. iv. 33
spur mij dull revenue ; soft, soothing 2H4 iv. v. 2.
4 gloomy, melancholy Ado ii. iii. 75 duuips so dull
tend hcuv)i. Sonn. xcvii. 13 so dull, it cheer.
5 tedious, irksome, uninteresting Err. ii. i.91 Are
my discourses d.?. Ant. iv. xiii. [xv.] 01 this d.
world, Lucr. 1019 dull dibitters.
G not sharp, blunt K3 iv. iv. 227.
7 not bright, obscure, dim, gloomy, overcast 2H4 iv.
iii. 100 d. and crudy ritpours, H5 in. v. 10 their
climule fofniy, rnw, and d., Cyiii. ii. iv. 41 is't not
Too dull for your i/ood imirin;/ 7
dull-eyed: wanting in perception Mer.V. in. iii.
14 « soft nnd d. fool ; having the eyes dimmed
Per. I. ii. 2 dull-cy'd nielnncholy.
dumb : to put to silence Ant. i.v. 50 vhut I would
have spoke Was beaslly dunib'df by him (old edd.
dunibie), Per. v. Gower 5 Deep clerks she dumbs.
dumbly : without speech MND. v. i. 98, R2 v. i.
95, Veil. 10.59.
dumb-show: fir.st in S. in the general (non-
dramatic) sense 'signilicant gesture without
speech ' Tit. in. i. 132.
dump: (properly) mournful melody or song, (hence)
tune in general Gent. in. ii. 85 Tune a deploriny
d., lioiii. IV. V. 108 play me some merry d., Lucr.
1127 Distress likes dumps.
dun : Kom. 1. iv. 40-1 Tut .' dun's the mouse . ... If
thou art J)., ne'll draw thee from the mire ; ref. to
(1) a proverbial saying 'alluding to the colour of
the mouse, but frecpicntly employed with no
other intent than that of quibbling on tlic word
"done"' (Narcs) ; (2) an old Christmas game,
called also ' Dun is in the mire ', in which a heavy
log was lilted and carried off by the players.
dung : applied to vile or contemptible matter Ant.
V. ii. 7 and never palates more the d. (mod. edd.
dniji), Tlic hii/i/iir's •niir.HC [i.e. the earth] (tnd
Casar's ; cf. tlie dunijy earth "Wiiit. ii. i. 150, Ant.
I. i. 35.
dup : to ' do up ', open Ham. iv. v. 54.
durance: confinement, imprisonment LLL. in. i.
135, 2H4 V. V. 37 in base d.; with quibble on the
meanings 'continuance, duration' and 'stout
durable cloth ' Err. iv. iii. 20 suits of d., 1H4 I. ii.
49 is not a buff jerkin a most sweet robe of d. ?.
dust (obs. or arili. u.se) : grain of dust, niiiuite
particle of dry matter All'sW. v. iii. 65, John
in. iv. 128 each d., ateh straw, iv. i. 93 ^1 yrain,
a d., a yuat, P2 ii. iii. 91 to toncli a d. of Enyland's
f/round.
dusty: consisting of dust Troil. in. ii. 190 mir/hty
states ... ijratid To d. nolhinr/ ; ajiiilied to death as
the state in which all 'turn to dust' (Eccles. iii.
20) Mac. v. v. 23 li/jhted fejols The way In d. diath ;
cf. ' dustic death's defeature ' (Anthony Copley's
' Fig for Fortune '), ' brought me into the dust of
death ' (Psalm xxii. 16). [1300.
duteoiis (not jire-S.) : dutiful, submissive Lucr.
duty (1 the most freq. S. sense)
1 reverence, respect MND. v. i. 101 in the modesty
nffanfnl duty, AYL. v. ii. 103, Ven. Ded. 9 Your
honour's in all d.; act of reverence, compliment
LLL. IV. ii. IbOStay not thy compliment ; Iforf/ive
thy d., 1H4 v. ii. 55, H8 I. ii. 01 Tonyues spit their
dulii s out.
2 (c)iu's) due Shr. IV. i. 39 have thy duty.
dwell (tlic main lig. uses are as follows)
1 (o rcniain, continue (in a state) Mer.V. i. iii. 150,
All'sW. IV. iii. 13 d. darkly with yon ( be kept
secret by you), H8 in. ii. 131 ; to reside, exist
115 IV. iii. 27, Mac. in. ii. 7, Lucr. 1440; to depend
on, lie in, rest with 118 in. ii. 400, Troil. I. iii. 330,
111. ii. 101, Veil. 200.
DWELLER-
66
-EDGE
2 (/. on or tipnti, fi) to stand on, mako niucli of
Wiv. n. ii. 250, Koni. ir. ii. 88 Ftiin would Id. on
form ; (ii) to continue in R3 v. iii. 101, 240.
dweller on -. stickler for Sonn. cxxv. 5 d-s on form
itnil fniour.
dwelling ; dweiling-place, home AYL. iii. ii. 364,
Slir. iv. V. 55, 2H4 v. iii. 5 a goodly d., unda rich.
dwindle (not pre-S.) : 1H4: iii. iii. 3, Mac. i. iii. 23.
E
eager (most of the S. uses are obs.)
1 pungent, acrid Sonn. cxviii. 2 Willie, compounds
lie our pdliite iiri/e; (of air) keen, biting Ham. i.
iv. 2; (of speecii) R2 i. i. 49 two e. tongues, 3H6
II. vi. 68 cnger words.
2 ardent, impetuous R2 v. iii. 75 this e. crij, 3H6 i.
iv. 3 tlie e. foe, Lucr. 1298 an eager combat.
eagle : referred to as (i) one of tlie emblems of
Jupiter, (ii) an ensign in tlie Roman army Cym.
IV. ii. 348 .Joic's bird, the Roman e., v. v. 474 our
priiirdi/ (iii/le, Tlie imperial Ctesar.
eagle-sighted : liaving sight strong enough to
j;aze at the sun LLL. iv. iii. 226.
eagle-winged : tliat soars aloft R2 r. iii. 129f . pride.
eale: HAm.i.iv.3(} the dram of e.iQqoseate, Qqi^,-,
case, passage not in Qi Fi) ; corrupt, many conj.
ean: to bring forth (lambs) 3H6 ir. v. 36; eanimj
lime Mer.V. l. iii. 88, Per. ill. iv. 6.
eanling : young lamb Mer.V. i. iii. 80.
earsb. : about (a person's) e-s, in expressions de-
noting severe treatmeni or hard measure Ho iii.
vii. 90, 3H0 v. i. 103, Rom. in. i. 87 ;— 6// the e., by
liearsay All'sW. in. v. 50 \— by the e-a, quarrellini.',
at variance (saidorig. of animals) All sW. i. ii. 1,
Cor. I. i. 239 -.—in e. and e., in everybody's ears
Ham. IV. v. 94 ; — in the «., witliin hearing Ham.
in. i. 193 ;— o'er e-s, drowned Tp. iv. i. 215 \—shake
(one's) e-s, to make tlie best of things (? like
a dog when wet) Tw.N. ii. iii. 135, Cres. iv. 1. 20.
ear vb.: to plough, till AH'sW. i. iii. 48, R2 in. ii.
212, Ant. I. ii. 120, i. iv. 49, Ven. Ded. 0.
ear-bussing (Qq), -kissing (Ff) : whispered ('the
speaker's lips touching the hearer's ear') Lr. ir.
i. 9 ear-bnssing argumoils.
earl : order of nobility next below a marquis and
iie.xt above a viscount (freq.) ; used for the foreign
'count' AH'sW. in. v. 12, H5 iv. viii. 103.
earn' : to gain deservedly or as recompense, deserve
Ado in. i. 99, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 175, iv. i. 16.
earn- (mod. edd. yearn): to grieve H5 ii. iii. 3, 6
(Fi erne), Cses. li. ii. 129 (Fi earnes).
earnest: money paid as an instalment to secure
a bargain Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 059 ; quibblingly in
Gent. II. i. 105, Err. ii. ii. 24 with the other word
meaning 'seriousness'.
earth (the foil, are obs. or special uses ; 1 was in use
from Anglo-Saxon times down to the 17th c.)
1 country, land Wint. in. iii. 44, John ii. i. 3-Hlhe
e. this climate overlooks, R2 n. i. 41, H8 in. i. 142
this English e.; landed estate Rom. i. ii. 15 She is
the hopeful lady of mi/ earth.
2 a. type of dull, dead matter R2 in. iv. 18 thou little
better thing than earth, Lr. V. iii. 203.
3 the body Sonn. cxlvi. 1.
earth'd: buried Tp. n. i. 242.
earthly (the ordinary senbe is common ; 2 peculiar
to S.)
1 existing in the ground 3H0 i. iv. 17.
2 pale or lifeless as earth Tit. ii. iii. 229 the dead
mini's I. ihreks (Qi earthy).
earth- vexing : troubling man's life Cym. v. iv. 42.
earthy: ;jr.i.-.sly material Tp. i. ii. 273 Iter c. . . .
commands, Err. in. ii. 34 my earth y-grois conceit.
ease (the meanings 'comfort' and 'leisure', in a
bad sense ' idleness, sloth ', are the common ones)
1 do (a person) ease, give pleasure or assistance to
Shr. V. ii. 180, 3HG v. v. 72, Ham. I. i. 131.
2 facility, easiness 0th. i. iii. 29 of ease ( = easy);
iiulh e., easily Tp. in. i. 30 ; at what e., liow easily
H8 Epil. 2 (? not S.).
3 means of relief Troil. v. x. 50.
easeful: restful 3H6 v. iii. 6 his e. western bed.
easily (tlie usual sense is 'without difficulty ')
1 comfortably, at ease AYL. in. ii. 342 sleeps e.,
Otli. V. i. 83 To bear him easily hence.
2 siuootlily, freely Ado v. i. 163 it goes e., Tw.N.
in. iv. 302* Jte will bear you easily (? = 1).
easiness (occurs thrice) : indift'erenccHam. v. i. 74
Custom halk made it in him a property of e.;
facility Ham. in. iv. 166 that shall lend a kind of
e. To the next abstinence ; indulgence H8 v. iii. 25
Out of our easiness a)id childish pity.
easy adj. (the sense 'not difficult, requiring little
effort ' is the most freq., often with some ellipsis
or condensation of expression, e. g. Cor. v. ii. 45
the e. groans of eld women. Ant. in. viii. [x.] 41
'Tis e.to '/ ( = It is not a difficult journey tliitlier),
Cym. I. iv. 23 which . . . an e. battery might lay flat ;
S. is c.irliest for sense 1 and the sense 'loosely
fitting' All'sW. v. iii. 282, R3 v. iii. 50)
1 moved without difficulty to action or belief,
yielding, compliant Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 518, H5 n.
ii. 125*, H8 in. ii. 357 good e. man, Cym. ii. iv. 47
Your lady being so easy.
2 of small importance, insignificant, slight John
in. i. 207, 2H4 v. ii. 71, Tit. in. i. 19S at an c. price.
easy adv.: freq.=easily ; also in comp. e.-borrow'd
Lr. II. iv. 188, e. -melting 3H6 ii. i. 171, e. -yielding
2H4 n. i. 130.
easy-held: ' free from constraint ' (Schmidt) 1H6
V. iii. I3S this her e. imprisonment.
eat (there are many exx. of the fig. sense 'devour')
1 piirases : e. the air, be ' fed ' upon promises 2H4 t.
iii. 28, Ham. in. ii. 99 ; e. iron, a sword, be stabbed
Ado IV. i. 279, 2H0 iv. x. 31, Troil. n. iii. 231.
2 to make a way into (a thing) by gnawing or
corrosion Troil. in. iii. 130, Lucr. 755.
ebb sb.: at e., (of the eyes) dry Tp. i. ii. 432 ; hise-s,
his flows, his capriciousness Troil. n. iii. 140.
ebb vb.: fig. to decline, decay Tp. n. i. 230 to e..
Hereditary sloth instructs nie, 234, AYL. n. vii. 73
the . . . Means do e., "Wint. v. i. 102, 0th. in. iii.
459 ; ebb and flow 1H4 i. ii. 36, Lr. v. iii. 19,
ebb'd: decayed Ant. i. iv. 43 the ehb'd man.
ebon: black (like ebonv)LLL. i. i. 244 tin e.-coloured
ink, 2H4 v. v. 40, Yen. 948.
Sbrew (common spelling from 14th to 17th cent.) :
1H4 II. iv. 201 a .Jew ehe, an Ebreio Jeic.
eche: to eke out Mer.V. in. ii. 23 To eche it and to
draw it out in length (Ffi23 ich, Qi eck, Qo ech,
Q q 3 I eech. Ft itch, mod. edd. (kt), Per. iii. Gowerl3
(rhymes with speech).
Echo: Echo personified (in Greek mythology, an
oread or mountain nymph) Rom. ii.ii. 161.
ecstasy (1 the orig. meaning of the Greek word)
1 state of being beside oneself, in a frenzy orstupor,
excitement, bewilderment, (sometimes) madness
Tp. in. iii. 108, Tit. iv. i. \2b attend him in his e.,
Mac. ni. ii. 22 In restless e.. Ham. n. i. 102 the
very ecstasy of love, in. i. 109, in. iv. 74, 137.
2 swoon Otii. IV. i. 80.
3 rapture, delight Mer.V. in. ii. Ill allay thy e.
edge (used in various fig. applications of literal
phrases /(iA« (Ufd.y, takeoff, turn, blunt, almie the
edge ; cf. sense 2 ; humorously misused In Mer.V.
n. ii. 180 c. of a feather-bed, H5 m. vi. 50 e. of
penny cord)
EDGED — 67
1 cutting weapon, swoni Cor. v. v. 113 Uluin all
your edges on me.
2 keenness of appetite or desire Slir. i. il. 73
Affection's e., R2 i. iii. 296 cloy the Iniwjfy c. of
appetite. [iir. i. 26.
3 yiie (a person) on e., stimulate, incite liim Ham.
4 perilous path on a narrow ridge 2H4 i. i. 170 lie
H'alk'd . . . onnti e. ; cf. the plir. ' on a razor's edge '.
5 utmost point or limit Troil. iv. v. 68.
edged: sharpened, sharp H5iii. v. 38, 1H6 iii. iii. 52.
e'er (in old edd. otten ere) : common contraction
of EVER in all uses Tp. i. ii. 443 tlie first That e. I
sii/li'd/or ; Troil. i. i. 29 iiliiit yoddess e'er she be ;
in e'er since Tw.N. i. i. 23, John ii. i. 288, Cor. v.
iii. 48 ; see also or.
effect ah. (meaning 'result, consequence' is freq.
and colours many exx. given below ; quibbles
are freq.)
1 contemplated result, purpose, end Gent. ir. vii.
73, 1H6 V. iv. 102, Otli. i. iii. 105 ; to e., to the
purpose Tit. iv. iii. 59, Lr. iii. i. 52.
2 drift, tenor AYL. iv. iii. 36, John iv. i. 38, H5 v.
ii. 72 tenours and particular e-s, Coes. I. ii. 284 To
nhat effect ?, Ham. i. iii. 45, v. ii. 37.
3 outward sign, manifestation, appearance Meas.
in. i. 24, Ado ii. iii. 119 ichut e-s of passion slioics
she ?, H5 V. ii. 240 the poor. . .e. of my visage, H8
It. iv. 84, Mac. v. i. 12% Lr. i. i. 133, Compl. 202
Effects of terror and dear modesty.
4 something acquired by an action (S.) Ham. in.
iii. 54 I am still possess'd Of those effects.
5 execution, accomplishment, fulfilment, realiza-
tion Gent. I. i. 50*. Meas. ii. i. 13 attain'd the e.
of your own purpose, Mac. i. v. 48, Lr. iv. ii. 15,
Ant. V. ii. 3:32 thy thoughts Touch their effects.
6 practical reality, fact Troil. v. iii. 110*.
effect vb. (obs. uses are)
1 to produce (a state) Shr. I. i. 86.
2 to give effect to Troil. v. x. 6 effect your rai/e.
effectless : fruitless Tit. iii. i. 77, Per. v. 1. 53.
effectual (2 is an obs. sense)
1 having due effect Gent. iii. i. 22i stands inc. force
( = must take effect).
2 to the point, pertinent, conclusive 2H6 in. i. 41
Or chc cowhide my words effectual.
effectually : with the due or intended result Tit.
IV. iv. 106 Your biddimj shall I doe.; in effect, in
reality Sonn. cxiii. 4 mine eye . . . Seems seeiny,
hut effectually is out.
effeminate (2 rare use, found also in Naslie)
1 womanish, unmanly, feeble, self-indulgent AYL.
III. ii. 436, R2 v. iii. 10, 1H6 i. i. 35, v. iv. 107,
Troil. III. iii. 219, Rom. in. i. 120.
2 tender, gentle R3 iii. vii. 210.
effig'ies (not pre-S.): likeness AYL. ii. vii. 196.
efftise : pouring out 3H6 ii. vi. 28 effuse of blood.
effusion : shedding (of blood, of tears) John v. ii.
49, H5 III. vi. 142, 1H6 v. i. 9; concr. Meas. in.
i. 'iOThe mere e. of tliy proper /o/)is( = thy children).
eftest: (?) most convenient Ado iv. ii. 39. T] An
unexplained blunder of Dogberry's.
eftsoons: shortly, soon Per. v. i. 256.
egal (Fi) : equal Mer. V. in. iv. 13, Tit. JV. iv. 4 ; so
eg-ally R3 in. vii. 212.
egg' (both uses appear to be only S.)
1 taken as a type of a worthless tiling AH'sW. IV.
iii. 282 He will steal, sir, an e. out of a cloister,
Wint. I. ii. 162 Will you take e-s for money ?.
2 applied contemptuously to a young person Mac.
IV. ii. 81 What! yoneyy! Youny fry of treachery !.
egg-shell: = egg 1, Ham. iv. iv. 53.
eglantine: sweet-briar MND. ii. i. 2.52.
egma: rustic's blunder for 'enigma' LLL. III. i. 75
Ao lyiiiti, no nddk.
EZ.F
egregious (obs. use): very great 115 iv. iv. 11.
E&yptian : (?) gypsy Oth. in. iv. 57 ; E. thief,
a robber in the Greek romance of ' Theagenes and
Chariclea', who attempted to kill Chariclea,
whom he loved Tw.N. v. i. 122.
eight: in e. and six, in alternate verses of eight
and six syllables each, the common ballad metro
MND. III. i. 25.
eight-penny: of little value, trifling 1H4 in. iii.
118. ^Cf. 'To giue the vtmost earnest of her
loue, to an cight-pennie Sentinell ' (Chapmanj.
eisel (old edd. esill, esile, eysell) : vinegar Ham v
i. 298, Sonn. cxi. 10.
either: =' each other' Tp. i. ii. 447, H5 ii. ii. 106,
Rom. II. vi. 29, Sonn. xxviii. 5 ; e. which, either
one or the other Ham. iv. vii. 13. ^ Either is one
syll. in R3 i. ii. 64, C»s. iv. i. 23, Mac. v. vii. 18.
eke vb.: to increase, add to Mer.V. in. ii. 23 (cf.
ECHE); eke out, to supplement AYL. i. ii. 211.
All'sW. II. v. 80.
eke adv.: also Wiv. i. iii. 103, MND. iii. i. 100.
eltoow sb.: rub the e., show oneself pleased, chuckle
LLL. v. ii. 109, 1H4 v. i. 77.
elbow vb.: to jog Lr. iv. iii. 44 ; cf. 2H4 1. ii. 80 Go,
pluck hnn by the elbow.
eld: old age Meas. ni. i. 36 palsied e., Troil. ii. ii.
104 nrinkled eldf (Ff old, Q elders) ; people of
olden times Wiv. iv. iv. 37 The superstitious idle-
heculed eld.
elder sb. : heart of e., jocular alteration of ' heart of
oak', = faint heart Wiv. n. iii. 30.
elder adj.: older (freq.) Mer.V. iv. i. 251 How muck
more e. art thou than thy looks ! ; more advanced,
belonging to a later period R2 ii. iii. 43 e. days,
Cym. V. i. 14 ;— sb. aged person 2H4 n. iv. 281,
Ca;s. I. ii. 7 ; senator Cor. i. i. 232, n. ii. 47.
elder-gun: popgun made of a hollowed shoot of
elder, i.e. a harmless weapon H5 iv. i. 213.
TI ' Elderne gun ' is used by Sir T. Overbury, a
Warwickshire-bred man, and ' eller-gun ' is
found in the mod. Cheshire dialect.
eldest: oldest, earliest Tp. v. i. 186, Err. I. i. 124,
Hani. in. iii. 37.
elect : to pick out, select Meas. i. i. 18, 1H6 iv. i. 4.
element (1 tliLs sense colours the whole word)
1 general name for earth, water, air, and fire,
which wero held in ancient and mediaeval
philosophy to be the simple substances of which
all material bodies are compounded ; hence, a con-
stituent part of a whole, material or immaterial ;
pi. materials Tp. in. iii. 61 the e-s Of whom, your
swords are temper'd. Ado n. i. 359 There's little of
the melancholy e. in her, Tw.N. i. v. 296, ii. iii. 10
JJoes not our life consist of the four e-s ?, R2lir. iii.
55, H5 III. vii. 23, H8 i. i. 48' no e. ( = no com-
ponent part), Troil. i. iii. 41 the two moist e-s,
Ca^s. v. V. 73 tlie e-s So mix'd in him, Hiim. iv.
vii. 181, Oth. II. iii. 60, Ant. n. vii. 51 the e-s once
OH/o/(/(=atitsdissolution), V. ii.291, Sonn. xl v. 5.
2 the air, atmosphere, or sky Tw.N. i. i. 26, 2H4
IV. iii. 58 the cinders of the c, H5 iv. i. 108, Cas.
T. iii. 128 the complexion of the e., Lr. in. i. 4.
3 pi. atmospheric agencies or powers, sometimes =
heavens Tp. I. i. 25 command these e-s to silence,
V. i. 317, Cor. i. x. 10 liy the e-s, Lr. iii. ii. 16,
Oth. II. i. 45, Ant. in. ii. 40; (?)tlie celestial
spheres of ancient astronomy Oth. in. iii. 465
Your e-s that clip ns round about.
4 that one oftlie'fourelcments' which is the natural
abode of a being, (hence) appropriate or natural
surroundings or sphere Wiv. iv. ii. 190 beyond
our e., Tw.N. in. i. 66, in. iv. 139 not of your e.,
Lr. II. iv. 58, Ant. v. ii. W above The e. they liv'd in.
elf vb. (S.): to twist, tangle Lr, ii. iii. 10.
ELF-LOCKS -
68
-ENAMELL'D
elf-locks: tangled mass ofliair .supposod to bo duo
to tlie agency of elves Koni. i. iv. 91.
elf-skin: used contemptuously of a tliin slight
man 1H4 ii. iv. 274 (Hanmef eel-skini, cf. John
T. i. 141, •2H4ni. ii. 354j.
eliad : see ceili.ade.
ell: 45 inches Err. in. ii. 113, Rom. ii. iv. 91.
elm : with ref. to the practice of training vines on
elms Err. ir. ii. 178 Tlioii art an c, mij husband, I
n line, 2H4 ii. iv.3()3 tlinu dead e. (? = poor support).
else (in MND. v. i. 229 Jior c. =nor, as or f. freq. =or)
1 a nytliing besides, such like John II. i.276i;a4tor(/4-,
iind the.
2 in another place or direction Gent. iv. ii. 127
since the substance of your perfect self Is e. devoted,
Err. V. i. 50.
3 = ' if it is not believed ' John iv. i. 108 the fire is
ihiid nitli (jriff, . . . sfc else yourself.
Eliie : in old edd. =- Elbe, H5 i. ii. 45, 52.
elvish: Err. ii. ii. 194o((/s, and e.f sprites {Fi Oides
and Spriylits, Fq and Elves Spriyhts) ; elvish-
mark'd, marked at birth by malignant fairies
rv3 I. iii. 228.
Elysiuui (old edd. Elizium) : in Greek mythology,
the abode of the blessed after death Gent. ir. vii.
38 ; state of perfect happiness H5 iv. i. 294.
emballing' (S.): probably used in an indelicate
seiLse ; explained by comm. as 'investing with
the ball as the emblem of royalty ' H8 ii. iii. 47.
einbar<iueinent : laying under embargo, (hence)
hindrance, impediment Cor. i.x. 22 £'-.'( «//o//(i»v/.
enibassade: mission as ambassador 3H6 iv. iii. 31
^ylll II 111111 disfjrac'd me in my embassade.
embassador : freq. form of ' anibassador ' in old edd .
embassage : errand Ado i. i. 290, ii. i. 280 do you
any e. to the Piymies ; message LLL. v. ii. 98, B2
HI. iv. 93, K3 II. i. 3, Sonn. xxvi. 3 To thee I send
this icritten emhassaye (Qi umhassnye).
embassy (3 not recorded outside S.)
1 mission of an ambassador LLL. i. 1. 133 comes in
e., John I. i. 99, Troil. iv. v. 215.
2 ambassador's commission or message LLL. ii. i.
3, John I. i. 6 hear the embassy, H5 i. i. 95.
3 message (esp. of love) Wiv. iii. v. 135 e. ofmeetinij,
Tw.X. I. v. 177, Wint. l. i. 31 loiiny embassies.
em.battle: to draw up in battle array Wiv. ii. ii.
205, John IV. ii. 200 e-d (4 syll.) and rank'd, H5
IV. ii. 14 ; also intr. to be drawn up Ant. iv. i.\. 3
ire shall embattle By the second hour.
embay'd : locked in a bay 0th. ii. i. 18.
ember-eves: the vigil of an Ember day Per. i.
Gower 6.
em.blaze : to set forth, as with a heraldic device
2H<i IV. X. 75 To emblaze the lionour.
embodied: united to another as if in one body
AU'sW. V. iii. 174 / by vow am so embodied yours.
em.boss: to drive (a hunted animal) to extremity,
close round (fig.) All'sW. in. vi. 106.
embossed' (old edd. imbost, imbossed): swollen,
tumid AYL. ii. vii. 67 e. sores, 1H4 in. iii. 176 e.
rascal, Lr. n. iv. 227 embossed carbuncle.
embossed = : foaming at the mouth from exhaustion
Shr. Ind. i. 17 the poor cur is e-d. Ant. iv. xi.
[xiii.] 3 the hoar of Thessaly "Was never so e-'d; cf.
Tim. V. i. 222 his embossed froth.
embounded fnot prc-S.) : confined John iv. iii. 1.37.
embowel: to disembowel 1H4 v. iv. 109, 111, 153 v.
ii. 10; tig. to empty AH'sW. i. iii. 249.
embrace (1 is not recorded before S.)
1 to welcome as a friend, companion, or the like
Cor. IV. vii. 10, Tim. i. i. 45, Cyni. in. iv. 179
Witli joij he Will e. yon ; to welcome or receive (a
thing) .joyfully Ado i. i. 100, Tw.N. n. v. 161 1150],
E2 I. iii. 89 e. His yoldcn uncontroll'd enfranchise-
mint, Troil. iv. i. 14, Ham. v. ii. 266 ; (hence) to
submit to with resignation Wiv. v. v. 263 [251]
What cannot be eschew'd must he e-'d, Mac. in. i.
137 embrace the fate Of that dark hour.
2 to cherish, devote oneself to.ding to Mer.V. n.
viii. 62 liis e-d heaviness, AYL. i. ii. 191 e. your
own safety, R2 I. iii. 184, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 56.
embrasure (S.): embrace Troil. iv. iv. 37.
embrue: old spelling of imbrue.
eminence (not pre-S. in any of its senses)
1 the e. of, the advantage of Troil. ii. iii. 269.
2 acknowledgement of superiority, homage Mac.
III. ii. 31 Present him eminence.
Enimanuel: formerly written at the head of deeds,
letters, &c. 2H6 iv. iL 110.
emmew : see enew.
empale : old spelling of impale.
emperial: blunder^for 'imperial' Tit. IV. iv. 40,
for ' emperor ' Tit. iv. iii. 93. [90.
emperor (occas. use): commander Ant. iv.xii. [xiv.]
empery (1 late exx. of this sense)
1 status of emperor Tit. i. i. 22, 201.
2 absolute dominion H5 i. ii. 226 Ruliwj in large
uiul ample oiipcry O'er France, Tit. i. i. 19.
3 territory of an emperor or absolute ruler, empire
R3 in. vii. 135, Cym. i. vi. 120.
em.phasis : intensity of feeling Ham. v. i. 277 whose
yriif litars such an e.; emphatic expression (S.)
Ant. I. V. 68 Be chok'd with such ernother e. .'.
empiric : quack All'sW. n. i. 125. ^ The empirics
were an ancient sect of physicians who drew
their rules of practice entirely from experience.
empiricutic (S.; coined word put in the mouth of
Menenius): empirical, quackish Cor. ii. i. 130
the most sovereii/n prescription in Galen is but e.
(Fi iEmptrickqutique; F34 Empericktique, whence
some mod. odd. empirictic).
employ (obs. use) : to send (a person) with a com-
mission somewhere Ant. in. iii. 36 I will e. thee
back ayain, v. ii. 10 e. me to him, Cym. 11. iii. 68
To employ you toivards this Roman.
employment (' business, occupation ' is the usual
sense)
1 (one's) service John i. i. 198 At your employment.
2 purpose, use R2 i. i. 90 /or lewd e-s. [11-
empoison : to destroy Ado in. i. 86, Cor. v. v. [vi.]
empress : 3 syll. in Tit. i. i. 240, &c.
empty-hearted : unfeeling Lr. i. i. 155.
emulate: ambitious Ham. i. i. S'H emulate pride.
emulation (2 is the most Ireq. S. use)
1 endeavour or ambition to equal or excel Cor. i.
X. 12, Lucr. 1808.
2 ambitious or jealous rivalry, contention between
rivals 1H6 iv. i. 113 Such factious e-s, R3 n. iii.
25, Troil. n. ii. 212, C«s. n. iii. 14.
3 grudge against the superiority of others Troil. i.
iii. 134 an envious ferer Of pale and bloodless e.
emulator: disparager AYL. i. i. 152.
emuloiis: (in a good sense) ambitious Troil. iv. i.
28; (in a bad sense) envious Troil. 11. iii. 81 e.
factions, 245, in. iii. 189.
enact sb.: purpose, resohition (S.) Tit. iv. ii. 119.
enact vb. (2 echoed in mod. use from S. ; 3 Crowley,
1616, has 'enact a murder')
1 to ordain, decree Mer.V. iv. i. 349, lH6v. iv. 123,
Lucr. 529.
2 to personate (a character) on the stage, play (a
part) Tp. IV. i. 121 to e. My present fancies, Ham.
III. ii. 109 I did enact .Julius Casar.
3 to accomplish, perform IH61. i. 1>2 E-ed wonrlers,
111. i. I16»7((i/ murder tooHath been e-ed, R3 v. iv.2.
enacture'' (S.): performance, fulfilment Ham. in.
ii. 209 Tlieir own (tinctures (Qi| ; Fi en{n)actors).
enaniell'd : having nuluiall v a hard bhin v surface
ENCZ:i.AI>XJS -
r,9
— ENGAGEMEITT
Gent. 11. vii. 28 e. slones, MND. ii. i. 255 e. skin.
Enceladus: giant of ancient story Tit. iv. ii. 94.
enchafed: excited, irritated Cym. iv. ii. 174;
tniious, angry Otii. ii. i. 17 the encliafcJ food.
enchant (fig. uses) : to influence as if by a clianii,
hold spelibound, attract as if by magic 1H6 iir.
iii. 40, Otli. I. ii. 63, Cym. i. vi. 167, Compl. 128.
enchantment : applied to a person (cf. dread sb.)
"Wiiit. IV. iii. [iv.)447.
enchas'd: adorned as with gems 2H6 i. ii. 8.
enclog' (S.) : to hinder 0th. ii. i. 70 (Qq do;/).
encompass: to outwit, take advantage of, 'get
nmnd' (S.) Wiv. li. ii. 161.
encompassment : ' talking round ' a subject (S.)
Hani. 11. i. 10 iltis e. and drift of qucdion.
encounter sb. (the sense of 'meeting, friendly or
liostile' is the common one ; 1,2, andSaie oiilyS.)
1 amatory meeting Wiv. iii. v. 76, Meas. iii. i. 26:i,
Ado III. iii. 160 lliia aiuinhle c, iv. i. 91, AU'sW.
III. vii. 32, Troil. iii. ii. 217.
2 accosting, address Gent. li. vii. 41.
3 style or manner of address, behaviour Shr. iv. v.
54, Wint. 111. ii. 50, Ham. ii. ii. 164 Mark the e.,
V. ii. 199 outward habit of encounter.
encounter vb. (the foil, are peculiar to S.)
1 to go to meet Ado i. i. 100 the fashion of the world
is to avoid cost, and you e. it ; used bombastically -
to go towards Tw. N. in. i. 83 Wilt you e. the house ?.
2 to light upon, befall Wint. ii. i. 20 <jood time e.
her.', Cym. i. vi. 112.
encounterer : ' forward ' person (S.) Troil. iv. v. 58.
encrimson'd: red like crimson Compl. 201. ^J A
S. coinage, echoed by mod. writers.
encumber'd: (?) folded Ham. i. v. ll-i arms e.
end sb. (some obs. or unusual phrases arc given
below ; see also an-end, latter end)
1 extremity, extreme part ; at the anu's end, at
arm's length AYL. ii. vi. 10 ; at the stave's ind.
Tw.N. V. i. 295.
2 pi. fragments Ado i. i. 298 old ends, R3 i. iii.^7
odd old ends (Qq old odd ends). ^ ^k
3 conclusion, close; ane., no more AU'sW. ii.~.
69, Cor. V. iii. 171 ; and there an e., this shall be
tlie end, no more Gent. i. iii. 65, R2 v. i. 69, Mac.
m. iv. 80 ; at an e., concluded, exhausted LLL. v.
ii. 431, 3H6III. ii. 81 ; foran e., to cut tliematter
short Cor. ir. i. 263 ; haee {an) e., be finished, com-
pleted, concluded Lr. v. i. 45, Ant. i. ii. 99, Sonn.
xcii. 6 ; HO drew toward e. (Ff) K3 in. vii. 20(Qqi2 4
j/rewtoanend).
4 death, destruction ; be the end (of a pei-son) 2H4
IV. iv. 130, R3 II. i. 15; take his end, meet his
death 2H6 i. iv. 36.
5 to as much e., to as much purpose H8 I. i. 171 ;
IS the end of, is at the ' bottom ' of H8 ii. i. 40.
end vb. : to get (a crop) in Cor. v. v. [vi.] 37 /. . . holp
to reap the fame Which he did end all his (= garner
as all his own). ^Current in Wanvickshiie,
Worcestersliire, and Herefordshire.
end-all: thatwhidi ends all Mac. I. vii. 5. ^ Known
dial, in the sense of ' finishing stroke '.
endart (S.) : to shoot as a dart Rom. i. iii. 98.
endeared (2 a common 17th c. sense)
1 enhanced in value, made more precious John iv.
ii. 228 to be endeared to a kiwi, Sonn. xxxi. 1.
2 bound by obligation 2H4 ii. iii. 11, Tim. i. ii. 236
so virtuously bouiul, . .. So injtnitely e-'d, in. ii.36.
ender: my oriyinande., my beginning and my end,
source of my life and death Compl. 222.
ending": vbl. sb. death John v. vii. 5, H5 iv. i. 166,
Lucr. 1612 ; ppl. adj. dying 2H4 iv. v. 78.
endurance (occurs thrice ; also indurance in old
and mod. edd. ; 2 the phrase is taken from Foxe's
account of Craumer's trial ; 3 not pre-S.)
1 patience Ado it. i. 248 pn\l the (. of a b.'ock.
2 imprisonment, durance H8 v. i. 122 * to have heard
you, Without endurance further.
3 hardship Per. v. i. 138.
endure: used with adverbial phrase or complement
to denote continuance in a place or state Cor. i.
vi. 58 to e. friends, Lucr. 1659 my mind . . . still
pure Doth in her poison'd closet yet endure.
enemy: the devil Meas. ii.ii. 180, Tw.N. ii. ii.29:—
as adj. = hostile Mer.V. iv. i. 448 hold out e. for
ever, Cor. iv. iv. 24 This e. town, Lr. v. iii. 222,
Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 71.
enewt: to drive (a fowl) into the water Meas. in.
i. 89 Whose . . . deliberate ii'ord . . . follies doth e. As
falcon doth </(«/o(tinFf misprinted «)/i))ic(t', some
mod. edd. enmew). •(J An old hawking term.
enfeoff: to surrender 1H4 iii. ii. 69.
enfolding's: clothes Wint. tv. iii. [iv.] 759.
enforce (also inforce ; the sense of compelling thi'
observance of a law is post-S.)
1 to drive by force 2H4 iv. i. 71 e-'d from our most
quiet spliere By the roxigh torrent of occasion, H5
IV. vii. 66 as swift as stoties Ed from the old
Assyrian slinys.
2 to obtain or produce by physical or moral force
LLL. ill. i. 79, IV. i. 82, AYL. ii. iii. 32 e. A thievish
livinij, John i. i. 18, H5 in. vii. 31, Tim. v. iv. 45,
Ant. I. iii. 7, Lucr. 1%1 As from this cold flint I en-
forc'd this fire.
3 to use force upon C«s. iv. iii. Ill ; (hence) press
upon, urge (a person) Cor. iii. iii. 3.
4 to urge the pei-formance of (a thing) R2 iv. i. 90
ve will e. his trial. Cor. ill. iii. 21, Lr. ii. iii. 20
Enforce their charity.
6 to put forwai'd strongly, lay stress upon Meas.
V. i. 262, Cor. ii. iii. 227, Caes. in. ii. 43 his (/lory
■not extenuated ; . . . nor his offences e-d, Ant. ii. ii.
103 ; absol. Ant. v. ii. 124.
6 to obtrude (a tiling) on AU'sW. n. i. 129.
enforced (also inforced in old and mod. edd.)
1 ravished, violated MND. iii. i. 209 somee. chastity.
Tit. v. iii. 38, Cym. iv. i. 19, Lucr. 668.
2 compelled : (i) involuntary Mer.V. v. i. 240, John
V. ii. 30, R2 I. iii. 264 an e. pilfirimaye, Lr. i. ii.
139 ; (ii) constrained, forced R3 iii. v. 9 e. smiles,
Cajs. IV. ii. 21.
enforcedly : under compulsion Tim. iv. iii. 242.
enforcement: compulsion, constraint 2H4 1. i. 120,
ii3 in. vii. 231 ; violation R3 in. vii. 8, Lucr. 1623.
enfranched : enfranchised Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 149.
enfranchise (2 is freq.)
1 to set free from political subjection Ant. i. i. 23.
2 to release from confinementTit. iv. ii. 126.
enfree : to set free Troil. iv. i. 38 ; soenfreedom
LLL. III. i. 130.
eng'ag'e (the S. uses are the foil.)
1 to pledge, pawn, mortgage Tim. ii. ii. 156 let all
III)/ land be sold. — 'Tis (dl e-'d ; to keep as a hostage
lH4iv. iii. 95, v. ii. 43.
2 to pledge (one's word, one's honour, &c.) Err. v.
i. 162, AYL. V. iv. 173 I do e. my life, 1H4 ii. iv.
671 [563], Ca;s. ii. i. 127, 0th. iii. i'ii. 463 / here
engage iiiy icords.
3 to bind (one) by a promise or undertaking Ado
IV. i. 339, LLL. iv. iii. 178 the low I am e-d in,
K2 I. iii. 17, Troil. v. iii. 68 e-d to many Greeks.. .
to appear . . . to them.
4 to entangle, involve Ham. iii. iii. 69 limid soul,
that struggling to be free Art more engaged !.
5 to enlist ; rcil. and pass, to embark on an enter-
prise 1H4 I. i. 21 impressed ande-'d to fight, Troil.
n. ii. 124, v. v. 39, Ant. iv. vii. 1.
eng'ag'ement : what one is pledged to do Caes. ii.
i. 307 All my engagements I ivill construe to Hiee.
6
ENGAOI. -
70
-ENTERTAIN
engfaol: to imprison R2 i. iii. 166. [ISl.
engild : to bricliten with golden light MND. iii. ii.
engine (tlio tollowing arc the only S. senses)
1 aititicc, contiivanc'e, device, plot AU'sW. in. v.
20fi« these e-s of iiist, Tit. ii. i. 123, Otli. iv. ii. 221
mgines for in;) life.
2 mechanical contrivance, machine, implement
Gent. in. i. 138 «« e. (viz. a rope ladder) // /or i;i.;/
nroceedinq ; fig. Yen. 367 the e. of her thoughts (viz.
her tongiie) ; instrument of warfare Tp. ii. i. 168,
Troil. I. iii. 208, ii. iii. 144 <in e. Aot jwlnhlc, Cor.
V. iv. 20, 0th. III. iii. 356 you mortal e-s (viz.
cannons) ; cf Tit. v. iii. 86 the fatal e. (viz. the
Trojan horse) ; instniment of torture Lr. i. iv. 292.
enginer (1 most mod. edd. ingener)
1 inventor 0th. ii. i. 65 (Fi Ingcniucr).
2 maker of military engines or works Troil. ii. iii.
8 a rare e., Ham. in. iv. 206 to hate the e. Hoist
in'th his own petar.
engirt vb.: to surround, encircle 2H6 v. i. 99 e.
th.sr brows, Yen. 364 engirts so white a foe.
engirt pple.: surrounded, beset (lit. and fig.) 2H6
III. i. 2i'0 Mij hoil/j round e. icith niiserij, Lucr. 221,
1173 Grossli/ uKj'irt uith darinij infnmu.
Englished: put into plain English, described in
j'lain tirius Wiv. i. iii. 50.
engUit : to swallow up H5 iv. iii. 83, 0th. i. iii. 57.
engraflfed: implanted, firmly fixed Lr. i. i. 301
(Ffi 2 uujraffat, Qqi 2 ingrafted), 0th. ir. iii. 146 (Fi
ingraft) ; closely attached to 2H4 11. ii. 69.
engrafted : firmly fixed or rooted C»s. 11. i. 184
the e. love he bears to Citsar, Sonn. xxxvii. 8 / make
my love engrafted to iliis store.
engrave : pa. pple. engrav'd Gent. 11. vii. 4, 1H6
II. ii. 15; f)i(/r«ifn Lucr. 203.
engross (old and some mod. edd. also ingress)
1 to write out in a legal liand K3 in. vi. 2.
2 to get together, collect 1H4 in. ii. 148 To e. tip
f/lorioiis deeds 071 my behalf, 2H4 iv. v. 69, Ant.
HI. vii. 36 people Engross'd by swift impress.
3 to gain exclusive possession of, monopolize "Wiv.
II. ii. 207 e-ed opportunities to meet her, All'sAV.
HI. ii. 68, Rom. v. iii. 115 e-ing death, Sonn.
cxxxiii. 6.
4 to fatten R3 in. vii. 75 to engross his idle body.
engrossment: quantity collected 2H4 iv. v. 78.
enjoin : to bind (a person) as by an oath or obliga-
tion (to do something) Ado v. i. 291 any heavy
iveight That he'll e. me to, Mer.V. 11. ix. 9 e-'d by
oath to observe three things, All'sW. ill. v. 94 e-'d
potilints, "Wint. in. iii. 52.
enjoy: to have the possession or use of John n. i.
210, Ant. II. vi. 78 (do not part with), Sonn.
xxix. 8 ; absol. R2 n. iv. 14 to e. by reuje and weir.
enjoyer : possessor Sonn. Ixxv. 5.
enkindle: fig. to incite Mac. i. iii. 121.
enlard : to fatten Troil. 11. iii. 207.
enlarge (doubtful sense in Sonn. Ixx. 12 ; ? 2)
1 to widen the limits or scope of, give free scope
to, extend AViv. 11. ii. 23lj she e-th her mirth,
AYL. III. ii. 152 fill'd ^Yilh all graces nide e-'d,
2H4 I. i. 204, Troil. v. ii. 35, Ham. v. i. 248 Her
obsequies have been as far e-'d. . .; to give vent to
C.ies. IV. ii. 46 enlarge your griefs.
2 to set at liberty Tw.N. v. i. 288, H5 11. ii. 40 E.
ihi man committed yesterday, 57.
enlargement (1 is the usual S. use)
1 release from confinement LLL. in. i. 5, 1H4 111.
i. 31, 1H6 II. v. 30, 3H6 iv. vi. 5.
2 freedom of action Cym. 11. iii. 125.
enlighten (once): to shed lustre upon Sonn.dii. 11.
enlink (once): to connect 115 111. iii. IS.
enmesh (not pre-S.) : to entangle Otli. 11. iii, 371.
enmew : .see enew.
enormity: irregularity, monstrosity Cor. n. i. 18.
enormous: disordered, irregular Lr. n. ii. 176.
enow: pi. form of 'enough' Mer.V. in. v. 23, H5
IV. i. 243 ne have Frencit quarrels e., iv. ii. 28, iv.
iii. 20, lH6v. iv. 50, Mac. iv. ii. 55, Ant. i. iv. 11.
enpatron: to have under one's patronage Compi.
224 :Since I their altar, you enpatron me.
enpierced (S.) : pierced Kom. i. iv. 19 (Qq Fi en-
jiiKrccd, Ff2 3 impcarced, F4 impierced).
enraged: maddened with love or desire, ardent
Ado II. iii. 112 she loves him with an. e. affection,
Yen. 29, 317 ; violent 2H4 i. i. 144 wy limbs . . .
being now enrag'd with grief. [i. i. 115.
enrank (not pre-S.) : to draw up in battle array IHG
enrapt (not pre-S.) : 'carried away' Troil. v. iii. 65.
enridged (S.): thrown into ridges Lr. iv. vi. 72
lidi'd like the enridged sea (Qqi2 ; Fi enrageel).
enrolled: written, as a deed, on a roll or parch-
ment LLL. I. i. 38, &c.
enrooted : entangled as root with root (S.) 2H4 iv.
i. 2' 17 His foes are so enrootid with his friends.
enrotind : to surround H5 iv. Chor. 3G.
enschedul'd (S.) : written down H5 v. ii. 73.
ensconce (old edd. also insconce; not pre-S.; in
mod. use chiefly a revival from S.)
1 to shelter behind or within a 'sconce', earth-
work, or fortification, (hence fig.) AViv. it. ii. 28,
EiT. II. ii. 38, All'sW. n. iii. 4, Luer. 1515 (herein
so e-'d liis secret evil, Sonn. xlix. 9.
2 refl. to place oneself in a position of concealment
or security Wiv. in. iii. 96 e. me behind the arras.
enseamed: (properly) loaded with grease, greased ;
(hence fig.) Ham. in. iv. 92.
ensear (S.): to dry up Tim. n-. iii. 188.
e'nshield (S.) : usually taken as= ' enshielded ' but
the accent is peculiar Meas. 11. iv. 81.
ensinewed: see insinewed.
enskied : placed in heaven Meas. i. iv. 34.
ensteep'd (S.): lying under water 0th. n. i. 70.
ensue (rare use in AVint. iv. Chor. [i.] 25 what of
her ciisuf«=wliat becomes other)
1 to follow upon, succeed R2 11. i. 198 Let not to-
morrow then ensue to-day, Lucr. 502.
2 to follow as a logical conclusion AYL. i. iii. 33.
entail sb.: succession of estate; phrase cut the e,
All'sAV. IV. iii. 316.
entail vb.: to bestow as an inalienable possession
3HG I. i. 194 I lure e. The crown to thee ; to appoint
(a person) heir 3H6 i. 1. 235 To e. him and his
heirs unto tlie croioi.
entame (not pre-S.): to subdue AYL. in. v. 48.
enter sb. : entrance on the stage LLL. v. i. 145.
enter vb. (the ordinaiy physical senses occur)
1 intr. and pass, to bind oneself by a bond, &c. Err.
IV. iv. 127 / am here e-ed in bond for you, R2 v. ii.
65 some bond lie's e-ed into : to engage in Ado 11.
iii. 214 [203] e. into a quarrel, 0th. in. iii. 412
enter' d in this cause.
2 to engage in (conversation) 1H6 iii. i. 63.
3 to introduce Ant. iv. xii. |xiv.] 113.
4 to instruct, initiate Al^sA\^ 11. i. 6 After well e-'d
soldiers, Cor. i. ii. 2 e-'d in our counsels ; of.
WAX-ENTERED.
5 to bring (an action) before the court in due form
2H4 II. i. 1 have yim e-d the action ? (Dyce cxion).
entertain sb.: reception Per. i. i. 119.
entertain vb. (4 the current mod. meaning of
' amuse ' does not emerge)
1 to keep up, maintain (a state of things) Meas.
III. i. 73, Mer.Y. i. i. 90, Lucr. 1514.
2 to lake into one's service Gent. 11. iv. 105, Ado 1.
iii. Wc-fdfor nperfumer, R3 1. ii. 258, Cses. v. v. 60.
3 to treat Wiv. 11. i. 88, Shr. 11. i. 245 with mildness
e-'sl thy wooers, 1H6 I, iv. 38, Lr. I. iv. C3.
ENTESTAnTEB -
i to engage a person's attention or thoughts Wiv.
II. i. 08 to e. hint Kith hope, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 53
ioe. ihcm sprii/htly ; to discourse with Tp. iv. i. 75.
5 to occupy, wliile away (time) Lucr. 13bl.
6 to engage (an enemy) H5 i. ii. 111.
7 to receive Err. iil. i. I:i0 Siuce wine oicn doors re-
fuse to e. me, AYL. in. ii. 443, R.3 i. iv. 136 there's
few or none will e. it (viz. conscience), Tim. i. ii.
194 hi the presents Be northilij entertain d. [17.
entertainer : one who cherishes a feeling Tp. ii. i.
entertainment (2 cf. note on entertain)
1 maintaining a person in one's service, employ
AU'sW. HI. vi. 12, iv. i. 17 «' the adiersary's e.,
tor. IV. iii. 49, 0th. in. iii. 250, Ant. iv. vi. 17 c,
but Xo honourable trust.
2 way of spending (time) LLL. v. i. 129.
3 reception (of persons), manner of reception,
(hence) treatment Tp. i. ii. 402 /»'/W resist saeh «.,
Meas. ni. ii. 231 the e. of death, Shr. ii. i. 54, in.
i. 2, Cor. IV. V. 10 / hare desero'd no better e. , Hani.
II. ii. a37. Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 140, Cym. i. iv. 172;
JoliH Druui's e., 'which is, to halo a man in liy
the lieado, and thrust liim out by hntli the
shouklcis ' (Holinshed) All'sW. in. vi. 40.
4 accommodation for guests, esp. provision for the
table AYL. n. iv. 73, iv. iii. Ha fresh array tout
entertainment, Wint. i. i. 9, Lr. ii. iv. 209.
5 meal, repast Tim. i. ii. 154.
enter-tissued: see intektissued.
entire (stressed e'/i^oe when immediately preceding
a mouusyllabic sb. or one stressed on the first
syll. LLL. II. i. 130, 2H4 ii. iv. 357 ; othenvise
entt're)
1 unmixed, pure 2H4 ii. iv. 357 pure fear and c.
cowardice, Lr. I. i. 243'* Aloof from the e. point.
2 unfeigned, sincere Shr. iv. ii. 23.
entirely (2 a common sense 1340-1720)
1 without intermission Meas. iv. ii. 157.
2 heartily, sincerely Ado iii. i. 37 lores Beatrice so
e., Mer. V. in. ii. 226 They are e. welcome, All'sW.
I. iii. 105, Lr. I. ii. 107, 0th. ill. iv. 113.
entitled i)t : having a claim to or upon LLL. v. ii.
820 Seither e. in tlie other's heart, Sonn. xxxvii. 7
Knlitlid in thy parts. See also intituled.
entrance (3 syll. in Rom. i. iv. 8, Per. n. iii. 04 old
edd. enterance, and Mac. i. v. 40) : 1H4 i. i. 5 the
thirsty e. of this soil, ' the parched surface of the
eartli ' ; Shr. il. i. bifor an e., as an entrance fee.
entranc'd : in a swoon Per. in. ii. 94.
entreasured (not pre-S.) : stored up 2H4 iii. i. 85,
Per. III. ii. 65.
entreat sb. : entreaty R3 in. vii. 223 (Fi entreaties),
Tit. I. i. 449, 483 (Fi rnlreats).
entreat vb. (the sense ' ask earnestly ' is the usual
one, and occurs with various constructions)
1 to treat R2 in. i. 37, 2H6 n. iv. 82, 3H6 i. i. 271,
R3 IV. iv. 152, Troil. iv. iv. 113.
2 to beguile, pass (the time) Rom. I\^ i. 40.
3 to enter into negotiations 2H6 iv. iv. 9 I'll send
some holy bishop to e. ; (hence) to intei'cede, plead
AYL. IV. iii. 74, Lr. in. iii. 6. [i. iii. 122.
entreatment'' : conversation, interview (S.) Ham.
entrench: to cut All'sW. n. i. 45 this very sirord
e-ed if. ^ A meaning recorded otherwise only
from Spenser 'A wide wound therein . . . En-
trenched deep.'
envenom : to kill by poison, (hence) destroy AYL.
n. iii. 15, John in. i. 63.
envious : malicious, spiteful (the more freq. S.
sense) LLL. l. i. 100 an e. sneapiny frost, R2 ii. i.
62 the e. sieye, 2H6 iii. i. 167 The e. load (=load of
malice). Ham. iv. vii. 174.
enviously : maliciously Ham. iv. v. 6.
envy sb, ; ill-will, malice (Ireq.)Tp. i. ii. 258, Mer. V.
n -ESFEBANCE
IV. i. 10 carry we Out of his e-'s reach, Tw.N. n.
i. 31, 3H6 III. iii. 127 Exempt from c, R3 is'. i. 99
Whom enry hath immur'd.
envy: Cor. in. iii. 56 Bather than e. yon, rather
than such as show malice towards you ; 93 F.nciid
against, showed malice towards. ^ The stressing
varies e'nry, enry'.
enwheel : to encircle 0th. ir. i. 87.
enwombed : born of (my) womb All'sW. I. iii. 152.
Ephesian : boon companion AViv. iv. v. 19, 2H4
II. ii. 164.
epicure : luxurious person, sybarite Mac. v. iii. 8
minijle with the Eniflisli epicures, Ant. li. vii. 59.
Epicurean : luxurious, sensual Wiv. n. ii. 304 A'.
rascal; suited to the taste of an epicure (S.) Ant.
n. i. 24 Kpicu'rean cooks.
Epicurism: luxury Lr. i. iv. 2C7.
Epicurus: an Athenian philosopher (about 300 B.C.)
Cas. V. i. 77.
epig'ram: short poem ending with a witty or
ingenious turn of thought Ado v. iv. 103.
epileptic: ' distorted and pale like that of a man
in a lit of epilepsy ' (Wright) Lr. ii. ii. 86.
epithet: term, phrase, expression (S.) Ado v. ii.
69 ' Suffer lore,' a good e..', LLL. iv. ii. 8, v. i. 17,
v. ii. 171, 0th. I. i. 14 epithets of tear.
epitheton (earlier form of 'epithet'): adjective
indicating some characteristic quality or attri-
bute LLL. I. ii. 15 (Qi a-pethaton, t'l Q2 apathuton).
epitome (occurs once) : representation in miniature
(not pre-S.) Cor. v. iii. 68.
equal adj.:
1 forming a perfect balance or counterpoise Meas.
II. iv. 69 e. poise ( = equipoise), Mer.V. i. iii. 150
an e. pound (=s\,i\ exact pound), 2H4 iv. i. 67 c.
balance, 2H0 n. i. 202 justice' e. scales. Ham. i. ii.
13 ; fig. equally balanced AY'L. i. ii. 190 ii more e.
enterprise, Lucr. 1791.
2 ftiir, just, impartial LLL. iv. iii. 384, H8 n. iv. 16.
equal vb. : to cope with 2H4 i. iii. 67.
equinoctial: for 'equator' Tw.N. n. iii. 25.
equinox : equal length of days and nights (used
fig.) Oth. II. iii. 130.
equipag'e : of better e., more richly equipped Sonu.
xxxii. 12 ; cf. in e., a military phrase meaning
orig. ' in military array ', used by Pistol app. fig.
in Wiv. II. ii. 4 (Qq).
equivalent: eaual in power Per. v. i. 92.
equivocal: amoiguous Oth. i. iii. 217 ; expressing
himself ambiguously All'sW. v. iii. 252.
Erebus: place of darkness, hell Mer.V. v. i. 87.
erg'o: therefore Err. iv. iii. 56. TJCf. akgal.
ering'o : candied root of sea holly, Eryngium
maritimum, formerly used as a sweetmeat and
regarded as an aphrodisiac Wiv. v. v. 23.
em : sec ear.n^.
errant: wandering Troil. i. iii. 9.
erroneous: deviating from the path of right,
criminal 3H6 11. v. 90 ; misguided R3 i. iv. 204.
error : transgression, wrongdoing Gent. v. iv. Ill,
LLL. V. ii. 779, Sonn. cxvii. 9.
erst: once upon a time, formerly H5 v. ii. 48.
escape (both uses are peculiarly S.)
1 sally (of wit) Meas. iv. i. 64.
2 outrageous transgression Tit. iv. ii. 114 this foul
escape, Oth. i. iii. 197. [Gower36.
escapent (old edd. escapend, escapen'd): Per. 11.
eschew : to keep clear of, escape Wiv. v. v. 263.
escot (S.) : to pay a reckoning tor, maintain Ham.
II. ii. 370 how are they escoted?.
esile : see eisel.
esperance : hope Troil. v. ii. 118, Lr. iv. i. 4 ; the
motto of the Percy family used as a battle cry
1H4 II. iii. 70, v. ii. 96 Xow, E.l Percy 1 and set on.
ESFZAIi —
72
— EVERMORE
espial : spy 1H6 i. iv. 8, iv. iii. 6, Ham. in. i. 32.
espouse (iieeuliar S. u.se): to unite in mairiage
2H(i I. i. 9 ; fig. H5 iv. vi. 26 f-'rf to death, Liui".
20 (spousal to more fame.
esquire: a man belonging to the higher oi\ler of
English gentry, ranking immediately below a
knight H5 i. i. U Six thousand and tivo hundred
(jood e-s, IV. viii. 109 Davy Gam, esquire.
essa'y : trial, proof Lr. t. ii. 48, Sonn. ex. 8.
essence {occurs 4 times in S.)
1 life, existence Phren. 26.
2 something that is, entity 0th. iv. i. 16.
3 nature Meas. ii. ii. 120 His [man's] glassy essence.
4 (one's) very being Gent. iir. i. 182 She is my essence.
essential : real Otli. ii. i. 64.
essentially: in one's essential nature 2H6 v. ii.
:{'j ; in fact, really (S.) 1H4 ii. iv. 548, Ham. iir.
iv. 1S7 I e. am not tn naidness, But mad in craft.
establish: to settle (estate) ujion Mac. i. iv. 37.
estate sb. (1 and 4 are the commonest uses)
1 state or condition Mcr.V. Jii. ii. 317 my e. is very
low, R2 iir. iv. 42, H5 iv. i. 100 what thinks he of
our e.?. Cor. n. i. 127, Lr. v. iii. 211 seen me in my
worst e.; Tw.N. v. i. 405 nuin's e. (= manhood) ;
spec, good or settled condition Mac. v. v. 50.
2 status, rank, dignity, esp. liigh rank Mer.V. ir.
ix. 41 e-s, degrees, and offices, Mac. i. iv. 37, Ham.
III. ii. 277, v. i. 243.
3 class or rank of persons (in all e-s) LLL. v. ii. 853,
R3 in. vii. 212.
4 property, possessions, fortune Mer.V. i. i. 43,
2H4 I. iii. 53, H8 i. i. 82, Cym. i. iv. 124.
5 administration of government Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
413, John IV. ii. 128, R3 ii. ii. 127, H8 ii. ii. 70
hiisiness ofe., Ham. in. iii. 5 The terms of our e.
estate vb.: to settle or bestow upon Tp. iv. i. 85,
MND. I. i. 98, AYL. v. ii. 13.
esteem sb.:
1 supposed or estimated v.alue AH'sW. v. iii. 1.
2 account, worth 1H6 iii. iv. 8 prisoners of e., v. v.
27 another lady of esteem, Cym. v. v. 254.
3 opinion, judgement LLL. ii. i. 4 precious in the
world's esteem, MND. in. ii. 294, Mac. i. vii. 43.
4 favourable opinion 2H6 v. ii. 22 praise and e., H8
IV. i. 109 in much esteem icith the Icing.
esteem vb. (uncommon S. use) : to estimate the
value of, value Cym. i. iv.90 Whatdoyoiie. itati
esteemingf : value, worth Sonn. cii. 3.
estimable : ^^aluabIe Mer.V. i. iii. 167 ;— Tw.N. ii.
i. 28 estimable wonder (=admiring judgement).
estimate (2 not pre-S., and rare)
1 valuation, value Troil. ii. ii. 54, Tim. i. i. 14,
Sonn. Ixxxvii. 2 ; AH'sW. ll. i. 183 in thee hath e.
(has a claim to be considered in appraising thee).
2 repute, reputation R2 ii. iii. 56 None else of name
and nohlc estimate. Cor. in. iii. 112.
estimation (4 is purely S.)
1 value, worth Ado ii. ii. 25, Mer.V. li. vii. 20,
All'sAV. V. iii. 4 (cf. esteem sb. 1).
2 thing of value Troil. II. ii. 91, Cym. I. iv. V)\ your
brace of unprizeable eslimations.
3 repute, reputation Gent. ii. iv. 57 To be of worth
and worthy c., H5 in. vi. 16, Ham. ii. ii. 357 [348].
4 conjecture 1H4 i. iii. 272. [196.
estridg'e : ostrich 1H4 iv. i. 98, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.]
eternal: Ham. i. v. 21* this e. blazon (=revelation
of et(?rnity). Ant. v. i. 66 Would be e. (--would
bo etern.ally recorded); — 'usedtoexpiessextreme
abliorrence ' (Sclnnidt) Caes. i. ii. 159 Th' e. devil,
Ham. V. ii. 379 in thine e. cell, 0th. iv. ii. 130 some
e. villain ; — adv. Wint. I. ii. 65 to be boy eternal,
eterne: eternal Mac. in. ii. 38, Ham. ii. ii. 520 [512].
Ethiop : blackamoor Ado v. iv. 38 ;— adj. black
AYL. IV. iii. 36 E. words, blacker in their effect.
eunuch: in Cor. in. ii. 114 a pipe Small as an e.
usu. taken a.s = eunitch'sf, but perhaps the ref. is
to the 'eunuch flute', in playing which the per-
former hums through a hole.
even adj. (the foil, uses are now obs.)
1 uniform K2 iii. iv. 36.
2 direct, straightforward H5 iv. viii. 114 in plain
shock and e. play of battle, Ham. ll. ii. 304 be e. and
direct with me.
3 e.\act, precise AH'sW. v. iii. 331 the even truth.
4 equable, unruffled 1H4 i. iii. 286, H5 ii. ii. 3, H8
III. i. 37* I know my life so e., 165* as e. as a calm,
Ca;s. II. i. 1.33* Thee, virtue of our enterprise, Ham.
IV. iii. 7 To bear all smoolh and even.
5 equally balanced Cor. iv. vii. 37, Mac. in. iv. 10.
as sb. tlie e. of it, the plain truth (cf. 3 above), the
long and tlie'short of it H5 ii. i. 128.
even adv. (employed in the foil. obs. or archaic
uses ; often contracted e'en]
1 ill exact agreement Tw.N. v. i. 249 as the rest
goes e., Cym. i. iv. 50 to go e. with what I heard.
2 exactly, precisely, just Mer.V. i. iii. 50/?. there,
in. ii. 49 £. as, AYL. I. i. 92 Is it e. so?, Ven. 59
E. so, Pilgr. 147 E. thus.
3 (of time) at the same moment {wilh), just [now,
lhen)Tp. n. i. 319 [311] e. now, Cies. i. iii. 27 E. at
noonday, Cym. in. vi. 16 e. before, Sonn. Ixxi. 12
let your love even with my life decay.
4 quite, fully A\'iv. iv. vi. V2 answer'd my affect ions
e. to my wisli. Cor. i. iv. 57 a soldier E. to C'ato's wish.
5 used to emphasize theidentity of aperson, thing,
or circumstance Tp. in. i. 14 these sweet thoughts da
e. refresh my labours, Gent. n. i. 50 e. she I mean,
Mer. V. v.i.24'2I swear to thee, e. by thineown fair eyes.
even vb. (occurs thrice, in senses only S.)
1 pass, to be even or quits with 0th. n. i. 311.
2 to act up to, keep pace with AU'sW. i. iii. 3 to
even your content, Cym. in. iv. 184.
even Christian : fellow Christian Ham. v. i. 31.
even-handed : impartial Mac. i. vii. 10 e. justice.
•(] Cf. neigh with an even /mwd Mer.V. li. vii. 25.
evening mass* : (probably) mass said in the after-
noon Rom. IV. i. 38.
evenly (occurs thrice) : in a straight line, directly
(S.) 1H4 III. i. 104 run In a new channel, fair and
e., H5 II. iv. 91 e. deriv'd From his most f am' d of
famous ancestors; in an even direction orpositioii
with Ado II. ii. 7.
even-pleached: evenly intenvoven H5 v. ii. 42.
event: outcome, issue, consequence Tp. i. ii. 117,
Meas. III. ii. 258'* leave we him to his e-s ( = the
issue of his affairs), Shr. iii. ii. 130((//tr him, and
see tlie e. of this, R2 ii. i. 215, Cor. ii. i. 289*, Ham.
IV. iv. 41*, 50. ^The sense of 'happening,
occurrence ' is recorded first from S., Tit. v. iii. 204.
ever (often contracted e'er ; obs. or arch, senses are)
1 throughout all time, eternally, ' for ever' (freq^.)
Tp. IV. i. 122 Let me live lieree., Mac. v. iii. 21 ^\'lll
cheer me ever or disseat vie now.
2 with how and what forming indefinite relatives
Troil. III. iii. 96 how dearly e. parted, 0th. in. iii.
470 What bloody business ever.
ever-fired: always burning 0th. ii. i. 15 quench
the guards of the e. pole (so Qq ; Ff ever-fixed).
everlasting (1 cf. Gent. v. iv. 81; 2 cf. '1 would
. . . get mee an euerlasting robe, . . . and turne
^^erieant,' Fletcher ' Wouuin Hater' iv. ii.)
1 the Everlasting, God, Ham. l. ii. 131.
2 material used in 16tli-17th cent, for the dress of
sergeants and catchpoles, app. identical with
'durance' Err. iv. ii. 33 e. garment = ' robe of
durance', the sergeant's buff jerkin.
evermore: with negative = at any time H8 ii. iv.
129 no, nor (., Sonn. xxxvi. 9 not evermore.
EVERY—
73
— EXECUTIONER
every : adj. =eitlier, each H8 ii. iv. 50 o icise council
io tliem Of e. realm; witli pi. sb. =all severally
Tp. V. i. 249 e. These happen d accidents ; — sb. =
every one AYL. v. iv. 179 e. of this happy number,
Ant. I. ii. 40 aery of your Irishes.
evidence: witness or witnesses Ado iv. i. 37, 2H6
III. ii. 21 /me e., ofyood esteem, Lr. iir. vi. ZSIiriny
m theire., Liicr. 1650«()»ee.( = canieasa witness);
treated as a pi. R3 i. iv. 192 W'licre eire tlie ej (Ft).
evident: indubitable, certain, conclusive Cor. iv.
vii. 52, v. iii. 112 We must find An e. calamity,
Cym. n. iv. 120 some corporal siyn about her, More
evident than this. TJ A l(Hli-17tb cent. use.
evil sb.' (1 the commonest S. sense)
1 sin, crime Meas. ii. ii. 91 to do that e., R3 i. ii. 76
Oftliese supposed e-s (Ff Crimes) ...to acquit myself,
Lucr. 972 the diK£ thought of his committed evil.
2 misfortune, calamity Tw.N. ii. i. 7 bear my e-s
alone, H8 n. i. 141, Vxs. u. ii. 81, 0th. l. i. 101.
3 disease, malady AYL. ii. vii. 67 all the embossed
sores and headed c-s, Wint. ii. iii. 56, John in. iv.
114, Cor. I. i. 185 ; the e., the King's evil, scrofula
Mac. IV. iii. 146.
evil sb.=: of uncertain meaning Jleas. ii. ii. 172, H8
II. i. 67 ; interpreted by eomni. as ' jakcs, privy ',
but the meaning ' hovel ' would suit equally well.
evil adj. (about 20 instances ; much less fVeq. than
the adj. ill): occas. uses : ill-boding Troil. i. iii.
92 planets e.; unwholesome R3 i. i. V-i'-Jane. diet; —
adv. 3H6 iv. vii. 84, H8 i. ii. 207, Lr. i. i. 169.
evil-ey'd: maliciously disposed Cym. i. i, 72.
Tj ' Evil ej-e ' is not S.
evilly: with difficulty, reluctantly, impatiently
John III. iv. 149* This act see. borne (some moil,
edd. born); inappropriately, unproperlyTim.lv.
iii. 'ilO yood deeds evilly bestow'd.
evitate: to avoid Wiv. v. v. 253 [241].
exact : for stress cf. entire ; 1H4 iv. i. 46 the e'xuct
wealtli of all our states, Troil. iv. v. 231 loitk e'xuct
view, Hani. v. ii. 19 an exa'ct command, Lr. i. iv.
289 the most exn'ct reqard; — the exact, the precise,
the actual AITsW. in. vi. 64.
exacting' : exaction Meas. in. ii. 303.
exactly : perfectly, completely Ham. i. ii. 200
,1 )■)/(( d at points e., cap-a-pe ; in express terms R2
I. i. 14(1 / . . . exactly beyy'il I'our Grace's pardon.
exalt: nil. to be elated with pride Lr. v. iii. 68.
exalted : rai.sed, high Civs. i. i. 04 exalted shores.
examplesb. : paiallelcasein the past John in. iv. 13.
example vb. (2 a late 16th cent, sense) [4.
1 ti I ui ve an example of LLL. in. i. 89, Sonn. Ixxxiv.
2 tu furnish a precedent for LLL. i. ii. 122, iv. iii.
124 ///, to e. ill, John iv. iii. 50, H5 I. ii. 156, Troil.
I. iii. 132 every step, E-d by the first pace.
3 to furnish (one) with instances Tim. iv. iii. 441.
exceed: intr. to be greater or better (than some-
thing else), to be superior or pre-eminent Ado
in. iv. 17, Per. n. iii. 16, Lucr. 22'i The yuitt beniy
ijriiil, tin fear doth still exceed.
excellent adj.: surpassing, exceptionally great,
excteiling (iised in a bad sense) K3 iv. iv. 52 That
e. t/rand tyrant Tit. ll. iii. 7, Lr. i. ii. 132, Ant. i.
i. 40 E. feilsehood! ;—a,(iv. eminently, extremely
Ado III. i. 98 an e. yood name. Ham. n. ii. 174.
excellently : exceedingly Ado in. iv. 13 I like the
)itir tire within e., Troil. IV. i. 24 love . . . more e.
except (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 intr. to make objection Gent. i. iii. 83, ii. iv. 155,
Tw.N. I. iii. 7 let Iter e. before e-ed (a legal phrase
'exceptis excipiendis ' perverted).
2 trans, to object to, take exception to K2 i. i. 72,
Caes. II. i. 281*, Sonn. cxlvii. 8.
except; (without -that") All'sW. iv. iii. 303 more
...Iknoicnot;e he had the honour . .., R2i.iv.6.
exception (the sense of 'something excepted'
occurs in 1H4 i. iii. 78 proviso and e.) [ii. 25.
1 objection (to a person's status or fitness) H5 iv.
2 disapproval, dislike, dissatisfaction All'sW. i. ii.
40 uhen E. bid him speak, H5 n. iv. 34 How modest
in e., Ham. v. ii. 245 ; phrase take e-s at, to, dis-
approve, find fault with Gent. i. iii. 81, v. ii. 3,
Tw.N. I. iii. 6, 1H6 iv. i. 105, 3H6 in. ii. 46 ; so
0th. IV. ii. 211 taketi against me n most just c. (Qq
conception). [504.
exceptless (S.) : making no exception Tim. iv. iii.
excess: usury, interest (S.) Mer.V. i. iii. 63.
exchange (3 these are inaccurate uses)
1 reciprocal giving and receiving ; phrase make
(an) e. Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 650, Rom. n. iii. 62; in
e. 0/ ( = for) Wiv. n. ii. 248, 1H4 iv. ii. 14 ; in riyhl
great e., in exchange for persons of great im-
portance Troil. III. iii. 21 ; of passes in fencing
Ham. V. ii. 283 in answer of the third exchange.
2 nioneytransactionbynieansofbilIsSlir.lv. ii.89.
3 = change; substitution of one word for another
(Adum for Cam) LLL. iv. ii. 42 ; transmutation,
alteration Mer.V. n. vi. 35.
4 thing oft'ered or given in exchange Rom. ii. vi. 4
the e. of joy, Lr. iv. vi. 281 And the e. my brother .',
v. iii. 98.
exchange (1 cf. ' She . . . death for life exchanged
foolislilie,' Spenser, Faerie Queene vn. vi. 6)
1 to olitain in exchange /or LLL. iv. i. 84.
2 to change Sonn. cix. 7 not with the time exchanged.
excitement: incentive, encouragement Troil. j.
iii. 182 Excitements to the field. Ham. iv. iv. 58.
exclaim sb.: outcry R2 l. li. 2, Troil. v. iii. 91.
exclaim vb.: e. ai/ainst, protest against, rail at
Ham. n. ii. 375, Oth. ii. iii. 316, Lucr. 757, Compl.
313 ; e. on, accuse loudly, blame Mer.V. in. ii. 175,
R3 in. iii. 15, Ven. 930 e-s on Death, Lucr. 741.
exclamation : loud complaint, ' vociferous re-
proach ' (J.) John n. i. 558, R3 iv. iv. 154.
excrement: outgrowtli (of hair) Err. n. ii. 81,
LLL. V. i. 112 with my e., with my muslachio,
Mer.V. in. ii. 87 valour's e. ( = a brave man's
beard). Ham. in. iv. 120 like life in excrements.
excuse sb.: indulgence, pardon Shr. Ind. ii. 126 /
hope this reason stands for my e.. Cor. i. iii. 114
Give me e., good madam, v. v. [vi.] 69, Lucr. 235,
1715.
excuse vb. (the foil, are uses now obs.)
1 to seek to extenuate (a fault) ; used with a clause
Err. III. i. 92 site will well e. Why at this time the
doors are made against you, ; absol. MND. v. i. 364
Never excuse.
2 to maintain the innocence of, refl. to clear one-
self 2H6i. iii. 181, R3 I. ii. 82.
3 to beg off from doing (something), decline Gent.
I. iii. 71 Excuse it not, for I am peremptory.
execute (the commoner u.ses are to ' carry into
effect ', of which sense 1 is an extension, and
' intiict capital punishment on ', of which sense 2
is an extension)
1 to give practical effect to (a passion, &c.), allow
to operate Tp. i. ii. 104 e-ing ih' outward fare of
royalty ( = ' acting as a king to all appearance '),
LLL. v. ii. 853, R3 i. iv. 71 e. thy wrath, Cym. in.
V. 147 ; to bring(a weapon) into play Troil. v. vii.
e. yeniraims; absol.Oth.n. iii. 2.30 Toe. upon him.
2 t.i put to death, kill R2 iv. i. 82, IHO i. iv. 36
Whom irilh my bare fists I would execute.
execution (obs. use, cf. execute 1) : giving practical
effect to a passion, &c. ; exercise (of powers) 3H6
II. ii. Ill The e. of my biy-sivoln heart, Troil. i. iii.
210, Lr. I. i. 139, Otli. iii. iii. 467 The e. of his wit,
hands, heart.
executioner : murderer 2H6 in. i. 276, R3 i. ii. 186.
EXECITfOB-
— EXTENT
executor (the testamentary sense is used fig. in
Sunn. iv. 14 ; stressed e'xccuior in sense 2)
1 performer, agent Tp. iir. i. 13.
'-' executioner H5 i. ii. 203 excculors pale.
exempt pple. : cut off, debarred, excluded Err. ii.
ii. 175/)0)« me e., AYL. ir. i. 15 e. from jmhiic
Imnnt, IHG ii. iv. 93, Tim. iv. ii. 'ilfiom vcaJth e.
exempted pple.: E. he from vie, far be it from me
All'sW. 11. i. 198.
exequies: funeral rites 1H6 iir. ii. 133.
exercise (tlie gcneial meaning of 'practice ' is the
most usual ; 4 cf. ' Sermons, commonly termed
by some Prophesies or Exercises,' Canons ol the
Church, 1004 ; for Tp. i. ii. 328' see tlie comm.)
1 liabitual jjractice or employment Wint. i. ii. 166
Itc's (ill my e. , 3H6 iv. vi. 85 liuntinij wan his daily e.
2 ac(|uircd skill (S.) Ham. iv. vii. 97.
3 religions devotion or act of worship Wint. in. ii.
24-', K3 III. vii. 63 his holy e., 0th. iii. iv. 42.
4 preaching, discourse Ki in. ii. 109.
exlialatdon: meteor John in. iv. 153, H8 in. ii.
227 fall Like n hrii/h/ e. in the ercnuiq, C;es. il. i. 44.
exhale : to draw fortli H3 i. ii. 58, 166 ; esp. of the
sun drawing up vapours and tiiereby producing
meteors LLL. iv. iii. 10/hon,fiiirsHn, . .. E-'st this
uipf)iir-ron% 1H4 v. i. 19 an e-'d meteor, Rom. in.
v. 13 some meteor tliat the nun e-s ; in the language
ot Pistol, absol. = ' draw ! ' H5 ii. i. 66.
exhaled : exha'l'd Lucr. 779 ; e'xhnVd 1H4 v. i. 10.
exhaust (once): to draw forth Tim. iv. iii. 120.
exhibit (teclinical term) : to submit (a petition,
bill) for inspection or consideration Wiv. n. i. 29
e. a bill in the purliamtrit, Mcas. iv. iv. 11, 1H6
in. i. 150. ^ Misused for ' inhibit ' in Mcr.V. ii.
iii. 10*.
exhibiter : presenter of a bill H5 i. i. 74.
exhibition (1 in use from 15tli c. to Swift's time)
1 allowance of money for a person's support Gent.
I. iii. 69 What maintenance he . . . receives, Lilic e.
thou shalt hate, Lr. i. ii. 2.5, 0th. i. iii. 238.
2 gift, present 0th. iv. iii. 76.
exig°ent: state of pressing need, emergency, strait
C;cH. V. i. 19, Ant. IV. xii. [xiv.] 63; (spec.) end
1 116 n. v. 9 Thebe eyes . . . Wax dim, as drawing to
their exif/ent.
exile sb.': banishment; stvesseH e'xile, exi'le.
exile sb.^: banished person ; stressed e'xile.
exile vb.: stressed exi'le ; but in attrib. use the pa.
pple. is e'xihdM-AC. v. vii. 95[viii. 66], Lucr. 640 :
cf. EXHALED.
exion : blunOcr for ' action ' 2H4 ii. i. 34.
exorcism: calling up spirits, conjuration 2H6 i.
iv. 5 ; so exorcist AU'sW. v. iii. 309, Cas. ii. i.
323, exorcizer (Fi Exorcisor) Cym. iv. ii. 276.
expect sb.: expectation Troil. i. iii. 70.
expect vb. (not pre-Eliz. in any sense) : to wait for,
await Gent. i. i. 54, Mer. V. v. i. 49, 1H6 v. iii. 144
here Iirille. thycoinini/. Ant. iv. iv. 23, Per. i. iv. 94.
expectance: state of waiting to know (something)
'i'roil. iv. v. 145 f. . . . What farther you irilt do.
expectancy : expectation Otli. n. i. 41 ; source of
liopc Ham. 111. 1. 161 (Qq fx/ii elation).
expectation: waiting 2114 v. ii. 31 lore stand in
eiihhst e., Cies. i. i. 45 with puticnte., Lr. iv. iv. 23
our preparation stands In e. of them ; plirase/i(//
ofe., full of promise, hopeful, promising 1H4 ii.
iii. 22; cf. Ham. in. i. 161 (Qq).
expecter : one wiio waits Troil. iv. v, 155.
expedience (not pre-S. ; both senses only S.)
1 speed, dispatch K2 n. i. 287, 115 iv. iii. 70.
2 enterprise, expedition 1114 i. i. 33 In forwarding
this dear expedience. Ant. i. ii. 191.
expedient (rare sense outside S.): speedy, ex-
peditious Jolin n. i. 60, 223, iv, ii, 268' with all c.
haste (cf. with the speediest expedition Gent. i. iii.
37), P2 I. iv. 39, 2H6 in. i. 288, R3 i. ii. 217*.
•[] Expeditious occurs only once Tp. v. i. 315.
expediently: expeditiously (S.) AYL. in. i. 18.
expedition: hence in e., in motion, in progress
115 11. ii. 191 Patting it straight in expedition.
expense (' cost, charge ' is the most freq. sense)
1 spending (of money), esp. extravagant expendi-
ture Wiv. II. ii. 149, Lr. ii. i. 102 e. and waste (so
Qii Qi "'"*' "'"' ^pogle), Sonn. xciv. 6.
2 expenditure (of breath) LLL. v. ii. 522.
3 loss (of a possession) Sonn. xxx. 8.
experient: expert Per. i. i. 164 (Ff).
experimental: with e. seal, 'setting the stamp of
experience upon the results of his reading ' Ado
IV. i. 168.
expert: (in passive sense) tried, proved by ex-
perience 0th. II. i. 49 e. and approv'd alloivance.
expiate pple. : (of an appointed time) fully come
K3 III. iii. 23 the hour of death is e. (Ffjsi noivex-
pir'd, Qq the limit of your Hues is out).
expiate vb. : (said of death) to end (one's days)
Sonn. xxii. 4 Then look I death my days should e.
expire (common Eliz. use): to bring to an end,
conclude Rom. i. iv. 110 Sliall . , ,e. the term Of a
despised life.
[explain!: Per. II. ii. 14; Ff 34 andQqi2 ("/f'/c'^ff.
•iXota S. word.]
explication: exi)lanation LLL. iv. ii. 14.
exploit: spec, military enterprise All'sW. i. ii. 17
sick Eor breathing and e., IV. 1. 41 in e. (=in
action).
expostulate : to set fortli one's views, discourse,
discuss Gent. in. i. 252, 3H6 11. v. 135, R3 in. vii.
191, Ham. 11. ii. 80 to e. Wliat majesty should be,
Oth. n. i. 210.
expostulation : discourse Troil. iv. iv. 60.
exposture (S.): exposure Cor. iv. i. 30. 'H Ex-
posure (not pre-S.) occurs twice.
express adj.: (a) exact, fitted to its purpose, (b)
well framed ormodelled Ham. 11. ii. 32b* in form,
in moving, how e. and admirable .' ^\ Strcssl J ex-
pre'ss and c'xpress ; cf. entire.
express vb.: to manifest, reveal, betoken Slir. 11.
i. 77, 2H6 I. i. 18 / can e. no kinder sign of love
Than this kind kiss. Cor. I. iii. 1, Tit. 1. 1. 422 hath
e-'d himself. . . A father and a friend to thee, Ham.
I. iii. 71 Costly thy habit . . . But not e-'d infancy,
Lr. IV. iii. 19.
expressive: open and emphatic in expressing
sentiments AH'sAV. 11. i. 53.
expressure (not pre-S.; 2 peculiar to S.)
1 expression Tw.N. n. iii. 174 Ihe e. of his eye, Troil.
III. iii. 205 more divine Than breath or pen can
give expressitre to.
2 image, picture Wiv. v. v. 73*.
expulse : to expel, banish 1H6 iii. iii. 25.
exquisite (obs. etymol. sense) : sought out, in
gtniously devised Tw.N. i.v. 182, 11. iii. 1591 have
■110 exquisite reason for 't.
exsufflicate (S. ; oUcAil. exufflieate) : (?) puffed up,
inflated, 'windy' Oth. in. iii. 182.
extant: (of time) present Troil. iv. v. 167.
extemporal: impromptu, extempore LLL. i. ii. 102
sonn I . f/i'iJ iif nine, iv. ii. 50, 1H6 in. i. 6 e. speech ;
so extempbrally adv. Ant. v. ii. 216, Ven. 836.
^ K.rl, ,11 pun is also S.
extend (3 an extension of the legal sense ' to take
jio.ssession of by a writ of extent ' ; cf. extent 1)
1 to prolong in duration Mac. in. iv. 57.
2 to magnify in representation, give exaggerated
praise to Cym. i. i. 25, i. iv. '22.
3 to seize uiwn Ant. i. ii. 109.
extent (2 is a transferrc:! use of 1)
EXTE1TUATE - 75
1 seizure of liiiids in execution of a writ AYL. in,
i. 17 Ut tnij officers . . . Makean e. upon his . . . lands.
2 attack, assault Tw.N. iv. i. 57' unjust e. Against
thy peace.
3 sliowing or exercising of (justice, kindness) Tit.
IV. iv.^thee. Of egnlntslice'' , Hani. ir. ii. 399*[.390J.
extenuate (both were freq. 16-I7tli cent, uses)
1 to mitigate (a law) MND. i. i. 120.
2 to depreciate, disparage Caes. iii. ii. 42 his (jlory
not extenuated.
extenuation: mitigation 1H4 in. ii. 22.
extern : external, outward Otli. i. i. 63 ; only S. as
si). = outward appearance, exterior Sonn. cxxv. 2.
extinct pple.: extinguished, quenched R2 r. iii.
222, Ham. i. iii. 118 these blazes . . , e. in both.
extincted : = prec. Otli. ii. i. 81 Give reneiv'd Jire to
our c.dinctcd spirits.
extincture (S.): "extinction Conipl. 294.
extirp : to root out, extirpate Meas. m. ii. 112 to
exlirp it [a vice] quite, IHO iii. iii. 24.
extirpate : to drive completely ow^o/Tp. i. ii. 125.
extort: MND. iii. ii. 160 e. A poor soul's jiatiencc,
' wrtst it from lier, make her impatient.'
extracting : (?) for ' distracting ' Tw.N. v. i. 291*.
extraug'bt : ' extracted,' descended 3H6 ir. ii. 142.
extravagancy (not pre-S.) : vagrancy Tw.N. ii.
i. 12 My determinate voyage is mere exlravngnncy.
extravagant: straying, roaming, vagrant LLL.
IV. ii. 68, Ham. i. i. 154 e. and erriny spirit, 0th.
I. i. 137.
extreme adj.: one third of the instances are in the
superlative form est ; for the stress cf. entire,
LLL. v. ii. 748 The e'xtreme part of time, Sonn.
exxix. 4 Savage, extre'me, rude, cruel ; — sb. notpre-
S. in the phrases in the e. (0th. v. ii. 345), in e-s
(3H6I1I. if. 115), break into.. . e-s (Tit. iii. i. 215).
extremity (obs. or archaic senses, for most of
wliich 'extreme ' would be the modern equivalent)
1 extreme or utmost degree Err. i. i. 141 the e. of
dire mishap, Lr. v. iii. 209 another. . . would make
much more. And top e., Lucr. 969 Devise extremes
beyond e., Sonn. Ii. 6 swift e. ( = tlie extreme of
swiftness); plirasc iu e., in the highest degree
MND. iir. ii. 3 Wliich she must dote on inc.. Ham.
HI. ii. 180.
2 extreme severity or rigour Err. v. i. 309 0, time's
e., Wint. V. ii. 134 e. of weather, R3 i. I. 65, Ca:s.
II. i. 31 run to these and these extremities, Otli. V.
ii. 137, Cym. iif. iv. 17.
3 extravagance Wiv. iv. ii. 77, 173.
exufllicate: sec exsufflicate.
eyas: yuung hawk taken from the nest for the
purpose of training, or one whose training is in-
complete ; fig. Ham. ii. ii. 363 [355] an aerie of
children, little c-s (Ft Vases); so eyas-mUSket,
used jocularly of a spriglitly child AViv. III. iii. 22.
^ E. isliterally a ' nest-bird ' ('an eyas ' = ' a nyas ',
■\vliicli is ultimately from Latin 'nidus' nest);
musket is the male of the sparrow-hawk.
eye sb. (archaic pi. eyne 11 times for rhyme, but
not rliyming in Per. in. Gower 5, Lucr. 1229)
1 the organ of sight; phr. put the finger in the eye
(likcacliild weeping) Err. ii. ii.208; phr. referring
to drunkenness Tp. in. ii. 10 thy eyes arc almost
.let in thy head ; fig. MND. iii. ii. 435 sorrow's eye,
Tim. V. i. 26 opens the eyes of expectation, Lr. iv.
iv. 15 close the eye of anguish.
2 attributed to the lieavcnly bodies, esp. the sun
MND. III. ii. IS8 eyes of light ( = star.s), John in. i.
19 the glorious sun. . .with splendour of his precious
eye, Rom. iii. v. Vi yon grey is not the morning's
eye. Ham. ir. ii. 548 tlie burnim/ ei/es of heaven,
Sonn. xviii. 5^/(1, eye of licaven ( = tliu sun), xxv, 6
the sun's eye.
-TACTION
3 sight, view Tp. ii. i. 133 banish'd from your eye,
H8 I. i. 30 liim in eye, Mac. iii. i. 125 Masking tite
business from the common eye. Ham. iv. iv. 6 in
his eye ; — In my mind's eye (not pre-S.) Ham. r. ii.
185 ;— Mor.V. i. i. 138' if it stand. . . Within tlie eye
of honour, (a) within thescope of honour's vision,
(b) within the limits of the honourable ;— Ant. ii.
ii. 215' tended her i' tlie ei/es=waited in her siglit
(cf. MND. III. i. 172, Ham. iv. iv. 6).
4 look, glance 1H4 i. iii. 143' eye of death. Ham. ii,
ii. 308 liave an eye of ( = watch), Otli. ii. i. 38 to
throw out our eyes for ( = to look out for) ; of the
exchange of amorous glances Tp. i. ii. 438 At the
first sight They liave changed eyes, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.]
156 mingle eyes With one that ties his points.
5 slight shade, tinge Tp.ii.i.58^((fni/.— W(//( aneye
of green in't. Ham. i. iii. 128 Not of tliat eye which
their investments show (so Ff ; Qq that die or dye).
eye vb.: to appear to the eye (S.) Ant. r. iii. 97.
eye-beam (not pre-S.) : glance LLL. iv. iii. 29.
eye-drop (S.) : tear 2H4 iv. v. 86. [ii. 268,
eye-glass: crystalline lens of the eye (S.) Winfc. i,
eye-offending: hurting the eye Tw.N. i. i, 30 e.
brine ; unsightly John in. i. 47 e. marks.
eyestrings: muscles, nerves, or tendons of the
eye, supposed to crack at death or loss of sight
Cyni. I. iii. 17.
eye-winK (not pre-S.) : look, glance AViv. ii. ii. 74.
eyliad, fiyrie, eysell: sceosiLLADE, aerie, eisel.
fa : the fourth note of the scale LLL. iv. ii. 104 ; used
jocularly as a vb. Rom. iv. v. 121 I'll re you, I'll
fa you.
fable: falsehood Err. iv. iv. 75 Sans fable.
face sb.: there are various transf. and flg. uses ; of
the heavens Mcr.V. ii. vii. 45, Rom. iv. v. 41 to see
this morning'sf., Sonn. xxxiii. 6 ; of the earl h R2
III. iii. 97 the flower of England's f., R3 v. iii. 267
the earth's coldf'.; of immaterial things ( = appear-
ance) John v. ii. 88 to know the face of ricjlit, Cres.
v. i. 10, Lr, III. i. 20 ;— phr. from f. lo foot Cor. ii.
ii. 113, full off., (? beautiful, or florid) Per. i.
Gower 23, John v. ii. 159 turn Ihijf. (=depart).
face vb. (1 a 16th cent, use)
1 to show a false face, maintain a false appearance
1H6 V. iii. 141 flutter, face, or feign.
2 to bravo, bully Slir. iv. iii. 125, &c.; /. down, insist
or maintain to a person's face that . . . Err. in.
i. 6 ; / it out, brazen it out H5 in. ii. 36 ; / out of,
exclude imjiudently from, bully out of Tw.N. iv.
ii. 103, V. i. 92, H5 in. vii. 95 ; see also card sb. 1,
3 to trim Shr. iv. iii. 123 (to a tailor, quibblingly)
Tliou hast f-d many things, 1H4 v. i. 74 (fig.) To f.
the garment of rebellion With some fine colour.
faced : patched (cf face vb. 3) 1H4 iv. ii. 34.
face-royal: 2H4 i. ii. 25-7 quibble between 'face
on a coin ' (cf. LLL. v. ii. 614) and 'kingly face '.
II There was a gold coin called a ' royal '.
facinerious: infamous, vile All'sW.ii. iii. 36(niod.
ciW.facinoronsf; but Latin 'facinus' had a l)y-
form 'faciiier-'of the stem 'facinor-'; cf.alsoOld
Fr. ' facinercux ').
facing : trimming Meas. in. ii. 11 craft, being richer
than innocency, stands for the facing.
fact (1 now usecl only in phrases such as ' after the
fact ', ' before the fact ')
1 deed, esp. evil deed, crime 1H6 iv. i. 30 this f. was
infamous, Mac. in. vi. 10 damned fact !, Lucr. 349.
2 in the fact, in the very act 2H6 n. i. 171.
faction (' party ' is the most freq. sense)
1 class, set (of persons) Gent. iv. i. 37, Troil. n. i. 130
the faction of fools.
FACTION ARY -
70
FAI.X.
2 self-interested or turbulent party strife, factious
spirit, dissension AYL. v. i. 02, iH4 iv. i. 67, 1H6
H. iv. 125, Troil. iii. iii. 190, Ant. i. iii. 48 ; factious
fjuarrel or intrigue Tim. in. v. 74.
factionary : active as a partisan (S.) Cor. v. ii. 30.
factor: agent Ant. ii. vi. H) factors for the gods.
faculty (Ian Eliz. sense)
1 jiersonal quality, disposition H8 i. ii. 73 neither
linow nil) faniUies nor person.
2 active quality or virtue (of a thing) Caes. i. iii. 67
Their nidtires, and pre-formed families.
3 pi. powers Mac. i. vii. 17 Duncan Hath home his
faculties so meek. [34.
fadge : to fit, be suitable LLL. v. i. 158, Tw.N.ti. ii.
fading : ' with a fading ' was the refrain of an iu-
(klicatc song Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 195 burthens of
(lildiis and fadings.
fail sb. (2 and 3 only S.)
1 iailure, omission Wint. ii. iii. 169 the f. Of any
point, v. i. 21 fail of issue, H8 ir. iv. 196.
2 (a) death, (b) failure of issue H8 i. ii. 145*.
3 fault, offence Tim. v. i. 153 hath sense withal Of its
own fill {Ff fall), Cym. in. iv. 66.
fail vb. (2 common down to the Eliz. period)
1 to die H8 1. ii. 184 /inrf^Ae kin// in liislast sickness f-'d.
2 to be at fault, err Meas. iii. ii. 279 [271], MN1». iii.
ii. 93 one man holdincj troth, A million /., All'sW.
iir. i. 15 to f. As often us I r/uess'd, iv. v. 89, Cor.
IV. vii. 40.
3 to leave undone, omit Mae. in. vi. 21 he f-'d His
presence, Lr. ii. iv. 144 Would f. her ohliijation,
Cym. III. iv. 181.
fain adj.: glad, pleased 1H6 in. ii. 114/. lyfUi/hl to
save iiifiiisilees, 2H0 n. i. 8 man and birds arc f. of
cliiiibiny liif/li ; glad under the circumstances
Gent. I. i. 128, AYL. iv. i. 61, 2H4 n. i. 157 / must
be f. to pawn . . . my plate ; (hence) necessitated,
obliged Lr. iv. vii. 38 ;— adv. gladly, willingly,
always with ii'cmld (frcq.).
faint adj. (2 now only m the proverbial 'faint
heart '"; f.-hearted,f-ly ^ni\ f-ness follow the senses
of the adj.)
1 inactive, inert, timid Tim. I. ii. 16, in. i. 58, in.
iii. 25, Lr. i. iv. 73 a most faint nei/lect.
2 spiritless, weak-spirited 3H6 v. iv. 61 warriors f,
Veil. 401, Lucr. 1209 Faint not, faint heart.
3 weak, feel)le Mer.V. i. i. 126 my f. means, H5 i. i.
16/. .wnis past corporal toil, Tit. it. iii. 234, Koni.
IV. iii. 15.
faint vb. : to lose heart John v. vii. 78, Yen. 569 /-.v
not lil^e a pidf-fac'd coward ; also impers. itf-sme,
1 am depressed H8 n. iii. 103 ; to become feeble
MND. II. ii. 35, AYL. n. iv. Kf-s for succour, Lucr.
1543 ; so 1H6 ii. v. 40 f-iny kiss, 95 my f-ini/ words.
fair sb. : that wliich is fair, a beautiful thiiig Kom.
I. i. 237 they hide the /., I. iii. 90, Cym. i. vi. 38,
Lucr. 780 the supreme f. (viz. the sun) ; one of the
fair sex, a woman, esp. a beloved woman LLL. v.
ii. 37, H5 V. ii. 176 speak, my f., Rom. ii. Chor. 3 :
applie<l to a man Ven. 208; beauty Err. ii. i. 98
iMydciaijedf, LLL. IV. i. 17, MND. i. i. 182, Soiin.
xviii. 7 iviry fair from fair sometime declines.
fair adj.: outside the physical sensesof ' beautiful,
clear, bright, un.sullied,' and the immediate fig.
uses, is employed very widely as an epithet of
praise (ef. the adv. fair) ; uses no longer cunent
are : — as a form of courteous addre.ss LLL. v. ii.
31 1 Fair sir, God save you ! ; — Fair daij-liijht = broad
daylight Lr. iv. vii. .^2.
fair adv. (4 now only in plir. 'bid, promise fair')
1 civilly, courteously, kindly (often with the vl>.
.speak) Err. jii. ii. 188 ,w/. an offer d chain, 1»3 iv.
iv. 152 entreat me f.: on good terms 2114 ii. i. 211
lap for tap, and so part fair.
2 equitably, honestly Meas. in. i. 139, 1114 v. i. 114.
3 becomingly, fittingly Cor. iv. vi. 111)*.
4 auspiciously, favourably, fortunately Err. iv. i.
92, Mer.V. ii. i. 20, R2 n. ii. 122 The wind sitsf,
1H4 V. V. 43 since this business so f. is done, Troil.
I. iii. 372 Should he 'scape Hector f.\ phrase F. be
to yon, prosperity attend you Troil. iii. i. 47.
5 softly, gently Ado v. iv. 72 Soft nndf.,\\li in. i.
104 f. and evenly ;— stand /., stand still Troil. iv.
v. '234.
fair vb.: to beautify Sonn. cxxvii. 6.
fairest-boding: of happiest omen 113 v. iii. 228.
fair-fac'd (not pre-S.) : of fair complexion Ado in.
i. 61 ; fair in appearance John n. i. 411 peace and
fair-fac'd leaijue.
fairing: complimentary gift LLL. v. ii. 2.
fairly (2 recorded only from S.)
1 beautifully, handsomely Shr. T. ii. 149 I'll have
them vcryf. bound, Troil. i. iii. 84, Rom. in. ii. 84;
ill beauty Sonn. v. 4 ; in a neat or elegant hand
Shr. in. i. 71, K3 in. vi. 2.
2 courteously, respectfully Eit. v. i. 233 Then f. 1
bespoke the officer, Per. v. i. iO yreet them fairly.
3 ijecomingly, properly, honourably Mer.V. i. i. 129
to comef. off from the great debts, Cor. iv. vii. 21 he
bears all things fairly.
4 auspiciously, favourably 1H4 v. iii. 29, H5 v. ii.
10 fairly met, 18.
5 completely, fully, quite Shr. i. i. 108, Rom. ii. iv.
49 Yon gave us the counterfeit fairly.
fairness: To the f. of my poner, as fairly as I can
Cor. I. ix. 73.
fairplay (not pre-S.; hyphened in old odd.) : equit-
able conditions of intercour.se John v. i. 07, y.
ii. 118.
fair-spoken : of courteous or pleasant speech H8
IV. ii. b2 fair-spoken, atid persuading.
fairy : enchantress, charmer (S.) Ant. iv. viii. 12.
faith, (the commonest uses are)
1 loyalty, fidelity Gent. iv. iii. 26, MND. in. ii. 127
Bearing the badge off. to prove lliem true, 2H6 v. i.
166 0; where isf.l .' where isloyaltyl, H8 n. i.
143, Cfes. III. i. 137 ; csp. faithfulness in love, true
love (freq.).
2 frcq. used exclamatorily in by or on my faith, (in)
good faith, in or i' faith, faith (also 'faith); added
to imperatives Err. iv. iv. 153, Ado i. i.236, MND.
I. ii. 50, Troll, iv. i. 51 ; to questions Tw.N. n. iv.
27, Ham. i. ii. 168.
faith'd : Ijclieved in Lr. n. i. 72 Make fhy words f.
faithful (the meaning ' loyal ' is the commonest ;
2 cf. ' This is a faithful saying ', 1 Timothy i. 15)
1 believing (in religion) R3 i. iv. 4.
2 true Meas. iv. iii. Vib a faithful verity.
3 (?) conscientious Ham. ii. ii. 114.
faithfully (in Mer.V. v. i. 299 answer all things f.
is a formula used in the Court of King's lieneh)
1 confidently Tim. in. ii. 46 urge it half so f.
2 assuringly AY'L. n. vii. 195 trhisperd faiHifully.
faithless: unbelieving Mer.V. n. iv. 38/ Jew;
disloyal John n. i. 230, H8 n. i. 123/. service ; not
to be'trusted Meas. in. i. 135 Ofiiihless coward !.
faitor : (properly) impostor, cheat : doubtful word
In 2II4 II. iv. 171 (qfalers, Ff Fates).
falchion : (properly) sword more or less curved
with the edge on tlie convex side R3 i. ii. 94,
Lucr. 176, &c.
falcon : Irmale hawk trained for the sport of hawk-
ing (contrast tercel) Mac. n. iv. 12, Ven. 1027.
fall sb. (of the following less frequent S. uses, 1
and 2 arc only S., 3 and 4 arc ohs.)
1 shedding (of blood) H5 i. ii. "25.
2 downward stroke (of a sword) R3 v. iii. 112 n
heavy f, Olh. ii. iii. 236 the clink and f. of swords.
FALI.-
3 ebb of the title ; phrase atf., ;it a low ebb Tim.
ir. ii. 215.
4 musical cadence Tw.N. i. i. 4 a dying fall.
5 bout at wrestling AYL. i. ii. 219 Yov, shall try
but one fall.
fall vb. (3 is used with various complements)
1 (of a river) to discharge itself, fig. Lucr. 653.
2 to shrink, become lean H5 v. ii. 167 A good leg will
fall ; cf.fall aitay (below).
3 to come to be, get (into a condition), become
Mer. V. IV. i. 207 / am fallen to this fur yoxi, Tw.N.
IV. ii. 94 hotc fell you beside your fite nuts 1, 2H6 i.
i. 254 be fall'n at jars, H8 il. i. 35 fell to himself
( = regained self-control), Cjes. iv. iii. Ibi she fell
distract.
4 to let fall, drop Tp. ii. i. 304 To f. ii (viz. your
hand) on Oomalo^ AYL. in. v. 6 F-s not the axe
npon the humbled'iKcli, R3 V. iii. 136/. thi/ edaeless
snord, Lucr. 1551 every tear he f-s ; "to give birth
to Mer.V. i. iii. 89 Fall parti-col our' d lambs.
5 to happen, come to pass; also, to turn out (in a
particular way) MND. v. i. 189, Mer.Y. i. ii. 95
An the uwst f. that ever fell, Vses. ni. i. 146, 243,
Ham. IV. vii. 70 It falls right.
6 to happen to, befall John r. i. 78 Fair/, the lanes
that took the pains for me.', Ant. in. vii. 39 Ao dis-
grace Shall fall you, Yen. 472.
fail away -- sense 2 (above) 1H4 iii. iii. 1, 1H6 in. i.
192 : fall down, to come to grief 2H4 iv. ii. 44 :
fall from, il) to forsake the allegiance of, revolt
from Ado i. i. 265 [257J, John in. i. 320, Tim. iv.
iii. 404 ; (2) pass, to have forfeited All'sAY. v. i.
12, H8 in. i. 20, Ham. ii. ii. 165 And be not from
his reason fallen ; fall in, to make up a quarrel
Troil. III. i". 114 ; fall into, to come within the
range of H8 ni. ii. 341 ; fall off, to withdraw
from allegiance, revolt 1H4 i. iii. 94, Lr. i. ii. 119,
Cym. m. vii. 6 The fallcn-off Jlrilains; fall over,
to go over lo (the enemy) John in. i. 127 ; fall
to, to apply oneself (to), begin (upon), set to
(work), esp.to begin eating or fighting Tp. i. i. 3,
AYL. 11. vii. 171, Shr. i. i. 38, 1H6 in. i. 90, Tit.
HI. ii. 34.
fallacy : delusive notion, error Err. ii. ii. 190.
fallilile : liable to be erroneous Meas. iii. i. 169
hopes that aref; blunderinaly used in Ant. V. ii.
257 (old cM. falliable).
falling' sickness: epilepsy Ca?s. i. ii. 257.
fallow: adj.' uncultivated "H5 v. ii. 44 her f. lens
The darnel, hcmlorl; . , . Doth root upon ;— sb. arable
land H5 v. ii. 54; ground ploughed and har-
rowed but left uncroppcd for a time Meas. i. iv. 42.
fallow adj. 2; of pale brownish or reddish yellow
colour Wiv. I. I. 92 your fallow qreyhound.
false: ?vb. or adj. in Cym. n. iii. 74*; if a vb.
?=beti-ay their trust.
falsehood (obs. meanings are)
1 falseness, faithlessness, perfidyTp. i. ii. 95, Gent.
IV. ii. 8 my f. to my friend, ^Vint. in. ii. 142 this
is mere f., John m." i. 95, 277, Troil. iv. ii. 107
Mahe Cressid's name the very crown of falsehood.
2 deception, imposture Meas. iir. ii. 303 [295], Ant.
I. i. 40, Sonn. cxxxvii. 7.
falsely: wrongly John iv. ii. 198/. thrust upon
contrary feet, ()t]\. v. ii. 115 .' /., /. murdcr'd,
Sonn. cxlviii. 4; perfidiously, treacherously Tp.
IF. i. 71, Meas. ii. iv. 48, <-'or. in. i. 59 laid f. V the
plain way of his merit. Ham. it. ii. 67/ borne in
hand; improperly K3 v. iii. 252* England's chair,
nlicre he is falsely set.
falsify (once) : to prove (expectations) to lie ill-
founded 1H4 I. ii. 23'i falsify men's hopes.
falsing": deceptive Err. ii. ii. 97.
famesb. : common talk or report, rumour IH611.
77 - FANTASTIC
iii. 68 thou art no less than f. hath bruilid, H8 i.
iv. 66, Ant. n. ii. 109 ; personified Ado n. i. 223
/ have played the part of Lady Fame.
fame vb.: to speak abroad tlie fame of, make re-
nowned Troil. n. iii. 256% Sonn. Ixxxiv. 11.
fam'd/o>- : reported as being 3H6 iv. vi. 26.
familiar: adj. ('intimate,' • friendly ' is the most
common meaning)
1 belonging to the household or family, domestic,
household Wiv. i. i. 21 a f. beast to man, 0th. n.
iii. 'Sib good wine is agoodfamtluir creature.
2 well-known H5 i. i. 47 /'. as his garter, in. vii. 40,
Cym. V. v. 94 His favour is familiar to me.
3 current, habitual, ordinary, (hence) trivial Wiv.
I. iii. 49, Meas. i. iv. 31, H5 iv. iii. 62 mir names,
F. m his mouth as household words, Cses. ni. i. 266
dreadful objects [shall be] so familiar.
4 plain, easily understood LLL. i. ii. 9 a familiar
demonstration, Troil. iii. iii. 113.
5 /. spirit, a demon supposed to be in association
with or under the power of a man, and to attend
at his call 1H6 v. iii. 10 Aow, ye f. spirits, Sonn.
Ixxxvi. 9.
sb. intimate friend LLL. v. i. 104 ; familiar or at-
tendant spirit LLL. i. ii. 180, 1H6 in. ii. 122, 2H6
IV. vii. 113 he has a f. under his tong-ue.
famine : hunger, stai-vation 2H6 iv. "x. 64, Mac. v.
v. 40. Cym. in. vi. 19.
famous : notorious Shr. i. ii. 257, Wint. in. iii. 11,
2114 IV. iii. 70, Ant. i. iv. ^ famous pirates.
famoused: renowned Sonn. xxv. 9.
famously: with renown K3 11. iii. 19 ; gloriously,
splendidly Cor. i. i. 38.
fan sb.: motion of the air such as is made by a fan
Troil. v. iii. 41 thef. and windof your fair sword.
fan vb. : fig. from the winnowing of corn Cym. i.
vi. 177 The love I bear liim Made me to f. you thus.
fanatical: extravagant LLL. v. i. 20.
fancy sb. (2 the commonest S. sense)
1 fantasticalness LLL. i. i. 169, Ham. i. iii. 71
Cosily thy habit , . . But not express'd in fancy.
2 amorous inclination, love Mer.Y. in. ii. 63 Tdl
me rchere isf. bred, AYL. in. v. 29, Tw.N. n. iv. 33
Our fancies arc more giddy aiul unfrm . . . Than
women's arc, 0th. iii. iv. 64; used for 'one in
love' Compl. Gl, 197.
3 musical composition in an impromptu style Shr.
iir. ii. 71, 2H4 in. ii. 346.
fancy vb. (the only S. sense) : to love, fall in love
with Gent. ni. i. 67, Shr. 11. i. 12, 2H6 i. iii. 97 ;
with a thing as object Shr. n. i. 16 ; intr. Tw.N.
ir. V. 30 should she /.. it should be one of my com-
plexion. Troil. V. ii. 162.
fancy-free : free from the power of love MND. n.
i. 164 /» maiden meditation, f. fancy-monger:
one who deals in love AYL. in. ii. 387. fancy-
sick : love-sick MND. in. ii. 96.
fane: temple Cor. i. x. 20, Cym. iv. ii. 242.
fang sb. (old edd. phang) : canine tooth, tusk : also
fig. AYL. 11. i. 6 the icy fang . . . of the winter's
Kind, Tw.N. I. V. 197 the very fangs of malice.
fang vb. (old edd. phnng): to seize Tiin. n'. iii. 23
Ix^truifion fang mankind.
fanged mot pVe-S.) : having fangs Ham. ni. iv. 203
adders faiig'd.
fangled: fond of fineiy or foppery Cym. v. iv..l34
our fiDigled irorld.
fantasied: full of (strange) fancies John iv. ii. 144.
fantastic (cf next word)
1 imaginary R2 1. iii. 299.
2 fanciful, capricious Gent. n. vii. 47, Yen. 850 the
humour of f. wits; (said of things) extravagant,
grotesque Meas. n. ii. 121 /'. tricks, Troil. v. v. 38
Mad and f. execution, Ham. iv. vii. Id^f. g<(rlaiids.
r ANTASTICAI. —
78
— rAXJIiT
fantastical (3 the coiiiiuon S. sense)
1 -FANTASTIC 1, Mac. I. ill. 53, 131).
2 imaginative Tw.N. i. i. 15.
3 =FANTASTic 2, Meas. iii. ii. 100 a mad f. trick,
Ado II. i. 80 like a Scotch Ji(/, and full as/., Otli.
II. i. 221 t'-llin(j her fan/a.sfical lies.
fantastically : oddly, strangely 2H4 iii. ii. 338
(( /),(((/ fnntadicallfi canal, H5 II. iv. 27.
fantastico : absurd, irrational person Rom. ii. iv.
31 (Q, -icoes ; other old cdd. phaniacics, -asics).
fantasy (contrast fancv sb.)
1 delusive imagin.ation, hallucination 1H4 v. iv.
137' is it/. That plaijs niiim our i.ijisiijtif !, Ham. i.
i. 54* Is not this soimthini) more ihnn /antasij !.
2 imagination Wiv. v. v. 57 the onjans <>/ her /.,
MND. V. i. 5, AYL. n. iv. 31*, Rom. i. iv. 99 liei/ot
ofnothrni/ hut vain f., C»s. ii. i. 197, iii. iii. 2.
3 product or figment of the imagination, fanciful
image, fancy MND. il. i. 25S full o/ hateful /-ies,
John v. vii. 18 lef/iotis ofstranye f-ies. Cues. ii. i. 231
no figures nor ho fantasies.
4 caprice, whim Rom. ii. iv. 31, Ham. jy. iv. 61 /o>-
a fantasy and trick of fame, Otb. III. iii. 299.
fap : drunk Wiv. i. i. 184.
far: (?) comparative in Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 444 Far
than iJitualion of{Fi F((rri:).
farced: stulfed out with pompous phrases 115 iv.
i. 283 Th( forced title ratuiiiKj 'fore the kinr/.
fardel, farthel : bundle, pack Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
729, &c., Ham. in. i. 7().
fare : state of things John v. vii. 35 ill fare, 3HG
n. i. 95 H7/ai'/«re?( = What cheer?).
far-fet : lit. far-fetched, = deeply laid or cunningly
devised 2H6 iir. i. 293 his f. policy. UTlie slj.
' far-fetch ' was in use 1560-1680 in the sense of
' deeply-laid or cunning stratagem '.
farm sb.: in farm, on a lease R2 ii. i. 257.
farm vb.: to" rent (land) Ham. iv. iv. 20 ; to let or
lease (land) R2 i. iv. 45.
farrow : properly, a litter of pigs ; in Mac. iv. i. 65
//()• nine farroit' is used in sing, with numeral to
iiiili<ate the luuubor of vdumc.
farthest: at Ih, f.. at latest, Mcr.V. ii. ii. 125 (Fi).
farthing'ale, fardingale: hooped petticoat Gent.
ir. vii. 51, Wiv. iii. iii. 69, Shr. iv. iii. 56.
fashion sb. (the commoner S. meanings are 'shape,
make', 'manner, way', 'prevailing custom',
' conventional usage ')
1 kind, sort Gent. v. iv. 61 Thou friend of an dl f.,
Willi. 111. ii. 105, Per. iv. ii. 84 i/eittlemeH of all
f-s: phr. inf. to, of a kind to Me'r.V. i. ii. 23.
2 mere form, pretence Mer.V. iv. i. 18.
fashion vb. (1 rare outside S.)
1 to contrive, manage MND. ill. ii. 194 To f. this
false sport, lH4i. iii. 29S As Iwillf. it, 0th. iv. ii.
242 iih ich I iL'dl f. to fall out between tieelie and one.
2 to make (something) of a specified shape or form ;
esp. constr. with complement Ado nr. iii. 141
f'imj them like Pharaolt's soldiers m the rcechij
painiinfj, 1H6 iii. iii. 65, Caes. ii. i. 30 Fashion it
thus, Li-. I. ii. 206.1// with me's meet that lean f. it.
3 to change, transform Cies. ii. i. 220* I'll f.' him
(or ? = I'll shape him to my purpose).
4 to counterfeit, pervert Ado i. iii. 30 tof. a carriage
to rob love from any, H5 i. ii. 14 That you sliould
/., ti'rcst, or bote your riadimi.
5 to adapt, accommodate to Gent. III. i. 135 Jlow
shall If. me to mar a cloak f. Ado v. iv. 88 .1 ludt-
ittfi soinii t . . . Fashion'd to Beatrice.
fashion-mong'er : one who studies and follows
the fashion Hoiu.ii. iv. 35; sofashion-mong'ing'
(<JFi),-mongering'(Ff-..;.4i»"(i.'/'/((v).\(lciv. i.94.
fashions [corruption of farcin '] : disease of liorses
closely allied to glanders filir. in. ii. 54.
fast (rare use) : fasting, abstinence Meas. i. ii. 135
surfeit is the father o/ much fast.
fast adj. (the sense 'rapid, quick ' occurs)
1 (of sleep) deep, sound Mac. v. i. 9 ; also = fast
•asleep Rom. iv. v. 1.
2 firmly adhering to 0th. i. iii. 369 /. to my hopes.
Gym. T. vi. l'S8 /ast to your affection.
3 shut close H8 v. ii. 3 All/astl. [ii. 189.
fast adv.: close (by) Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 514, 2H6 in.
fast vb. : past tense /«s< Cyin. iv. ii. 347, represent-
ing older ' fastf ', Anglo-Saxon ' ftestte '.
fasten upon : to induce to accept 0th. n. iii. 51 /.
but one cup upon him.
fasten'd : settled, confirmed Lr. ii. i. 79.
fast-lost : lost through a fast Tim. ii. ii. 181.
fastly : rapidly Compl. 61.
fat : old form of vat '.
fat (I a use app. peculiar to S., but 'fat mist' occurs
in the 17th cent.)
1 close, stuffy 1H4 n. iv. 1 that /at room.
2 slow-witted, dull, gross LLL. in. i. 110 n /at
I'enioy, v. ii. 269, Tw.N. v. i. 113 /a< and /ulsome
to mine ear, Ham. i. v. 32.
fatal (1 the Parcae or Fates were called ' the fatal
dames ' or ' ladies ')
1 concerned with or fraught with destiny H5 v. i.
21 Parca's/. neb, 3H6 iv. ii. 21.
2 foreboding mischief, ominous 1H6 ni. i. 194 that
/. prophecy, 3H6 ii. vi. 56 tluU/. screech-owl, Cses.
v. i. 88, Mac. i. v. 40.
fat-brained : heavy-witted H5 in. vii. 148.
fate sb. (special u.se): what one is destined to achieve
H5 II. iv. 04, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 169.
fate vb.: to destine All'sW. iv. iv. 20; so fated,
(1) destined to Tp. i. ii. 129, Lr. in. iv. 67, 0th. in.
iii. 276 ; (2) invested with the power of destiny
All's W. I. i. 236.
father sb. ; the friend or relative that ' gives away'
a bride at the altar Ado v. iv. 15. % Till recently
termed ' father-in-cliurch ' in AVanvickshircand
Oxfordshire.
father vb.: Ado i. i. 116 /-« herself, shows who lier
father is.
father-in-law : stepfather R3 v. iii. 82.
fatherly : as a father Gym. n. iii. 39.
fathom (old edd. fadom, the orig. meaning is 'the
embracing arms', hence 'stretching tlie arms in
a straight line' (of which 1 is a fig. use), hence
' measure of 6 feet ')
1 lig. erasi) of intellect Otli. i.i. 15^ Another of his f.
2 pi. dei>tlis Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 501 all . . . the pro-
fijiiiiil s,ii hiihs In unk mm- n fathoms.
fathomless : that cannot be embraced by the arms
Troil. n. ii. '.iO n waist tnost fathomless.
fathom-line: sounding-line 1H4t. iii. 204.
fatigate ]'pl. (not post-S.) : fatigued Cor. n. ii. 122.
fat-kidneyed : gross 1H4 n. ii. 6.
fatness : L;rossness Ham. in. iv. 153.
fatting vbl. sb.: growing fat R3 i. iii. 314.
fat-witted: dull-witted 1114 i. ii. 2.
fa,ucet : kind of tap for drawing liquor from a
barrel: only in faucil-silUr Cor. ii. i. 80 (Ffi..;^
Forstt, F, Fausif. mod. edd. /o.v.ve/). f Faucef'is
tlieconunoii s|i(lling from the 14th,cent. onwards.
fault (2 and the sense ' defect, imiierfection ' are
the most freq. S. meanings ; 4 ? only B.)
1 lack, want, in phr. for f. of, in the absence of,
for want of Wiv. i. iv. 17, 2H4 ii. ii. 47, Rom. ii.
iv. 1.32.
2 something wrongly done ; also in obs. phr. do or
make a f., commit an offence AViv. v. v. 9, Wint.
III. ii. 218, R2 I. ii. 5, Lucr. 804, Sonn. xxxv. 5.
3 (in hunting) a break in the line of scent, loss of
scent Tw.N. n. v. 142 the cur is excellent at f-s. ;
FAULTrUL—
plir. cold fault, cold or lost scent Slir. Ind. i. 20,
Veil. 6'J4.
4 misfortune Wiv. i. i. 96, in. iii. 232, Per. iv. ii. 79.
foultful: culpable Lucr. 715. (iii. 75.
faulty : guilty 1H4 iii. ii. 27, 2H6 iii. ii. 202, H8 v.
fanset : see faucet.
Faustus : the famous German magician made
familiar in England by Marlowe, Wiv. iv. v. 71.
favour (obs. or archaic senses are the foil. ; 4 and 5
were very common in the 15th-16th cent.)
1 leave, permission, pardon LLL. iii. i. 10 Bi/ tliyf.,
John II. i. 422 Speak on uith /., H8 i. i. 168, Mac.
I. iii. 149, Ham. l. ii. 61 Your lean and/atonr.
2 lenity, leniency Mer.V. iv. i. 387 that, for litis f,
He presently become a Chrisliati, 2H6 iv. vii. 72
Justice ivitlif., Ant. iii. xi. [xiii.] 133, Yen. 257.
3 attraction, cliarm^2H6 i. ii. ifronniiir/ at thef-s
of the world, Ham. iv. v. 188 turns to f. and to
prettiness, 0th. iv. iii. 21 even his . . . frowns . . .
have grace and favour in them.
4 appearance, aspect, look John v. iv. 50 the f. and
the form Of this most fair occasion, H5 v. ii. G3,
Caes. I. iii. 129 the complexion of the element In
f-'s t like the work we hare in hand (Ff Is Fauors,
like, some mod. edd. isf-ed), Lr. i. iv. 260.
5 countenance, face Meas. iv. ii. 34 a good f. you
have, Troil. i. ii. 99 a brown f., Ham. v. i. 213,
Sonn. cxiii. 10 ;/(/ sec . . . The most sircetf. or dc-
formed'st creature; pi. features 1H4 iii. ii. 136,
Lr. in. vii. 40.
favourable (obs. use): gracious, kindly 2H4 iv. v.
2 siiiiH dull ((nd favourable hand.
favoured f. featured C»s. i. iii. 129 ; see favour 4.
favouringf: kindly Ant. iv. viii. 23 thyf. hand.
fawn sb.' : young lallow deer AYL. ii. vii. 128.
fawn sb.2 : servile cringe Cor. iii. ii. 67.
fawn vb.: to AViig the tail with delight or fondness
R3 I. iii. 290, Caes. v. i. 41, Lucr. 421 As the grim
lion f-etli o'er his prey; fig. to wheedle, cringe
(freq.).
fay: faith Ham. ii. ii. 276 hy my fay.
fealty: obligation of fidelity on the part of a feudal
tenant or vassal to liis lord K2 v. ii. 45; (licncc
gen.) fidelity, loyalty Gent. n. iv. 92.
fear sb. (3 in some cxx. ? ^grounl of alarm, as in
Psalm liii. 6 (Prayer-book) 'They were afraid
where no fear was')
1 dread, alarm, apprehension ; phr. give or put f. to,
make timid, intimidate Meas. i. iv. 62, Yen. 1158;
for f. of trust (= fearing to trust myself) Sonn.
xxiii.5; I'pon the font of f, in i\ight \Hiy. v.20;
out of f., (i) for fear 1H4 iV. iii. 7, (ii) without fear
1H4 IV. i. 135 1 am cut of fear Of death (cf. MND.
III. i. 23 this will put them out of fear).
2 formidableness, dreadfulness AYL. i. ii. 189 the
f. of your adventure, 3H6 ii. vi. 5, Caes. li. i. 190,
Cym. III. iv. 9 put thyself Into a haviour of less f.
3 object of dread, something to be feared MND. v.
i. 21 imagining somef., 1H4 I. iii. 87, 2H4 i. i. 95,
Ilani. III. iii. 25.
fear vb. (1 was the orig. meaning of the vb. in
Anglo-Saxon ; 2 is now used only intr.)
1 to frighten, scare Meas. ii. i. 2 a scarecrow . . . to
f. the birds of prey, Shr. i. ii. 214/. boys with bugs,
3H6 V. ii. 2 Warwick was a bug that f-'d its all,
Lr. in. V. 4 How ...I may be censured, . . . someth ing
fears me to think of.
2 to be apprehensive or concerned about, (hence)
mistrust, doubt Wiv. iv. iv. 80, Err. iv. iv. 1 /•'.
me not, man ; I will not break away, Ado iii. i. 31
F. you not my part of the dialogue, Slir. iv. iv. 10,
R3 I. i. 1.37 his physicians f. him mightily, (^or. in.
ii. 126, Ham. iv. v. 122.
3 to be afraid o/Sonn. cxv. 9.
79 - FEE-GRIEF
fearful: about equally freq. in (1) the objective
sense ' dreadful, terrible ' and (2) the subjective,
' timorous, apprehensive ' ; /. of occas. = con-
cerned about 3H6 v. vi. 87/. of his life.
feast : to keep holiday, enjoy oneself (S.) Wint. iv,
iii. [iv.] 359, 2H4 iii. i. 59, Per. i. iv. 107.
feast-finding' : hunting for banquets Lucr. 817.
feast-won: won by a feast Tim. n. ii. 181.
feat : adj. adroit, dexterous Cym. v. v. 88 A page
. . . Ho f., so nurse-like; neat, trim Tp. ii. i. 281
[273]; —adv. neatly Compl. 48 With sleidid silkf.
and affectedly Ensiralh'd.
feat vb.: (?)to constrain to propriety Cym. i. i. 49*
A sample to the youngest, to the more mature A glass
that fulled them (/tatur'df, fear'd).
feather (in Tw.K. in. i. 72 almost = bird)
1 kind nf plumage 3H6 in. iii. 161 birds of silf-f^ame
/.; fig. of that f., of such a kind Tim. i! i. 101.
2 pi. wings John iv. ii. 174 setf-sto thy hcc'.s, Koni.
I. iv. 20 To soar with his light f-s, Lucr. 1216.
3 used with ref. to the wearing of plumes in hats
H8i. iii. 25 those remnants Offoolandf.; soptume
of f-s, trifling person, coxcomb LLL. iv. i. 97.
feather'd : winged 1H4 iv. i. 106 /. Mercury, 0th.
I. iii. 271/. Cupid, Per. v. ii. Ib'inf. briefness.
featly : with graceful agility, nimbly Tp. i. ii. 379,
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 176.
feature : shape or form of body Tp. in. i. 52 how
f-s are abroad, Gent. ii. iv. 74 complete in f. and
in mind, H8 in. ii. 50, Ham. in. i. 168, Sonn.
cxiii. 12; shapeliness, comeliness R3 i. i. 19
Vheatidoff. by dissembling nature. ^ The sense
of ' line:\nKnts of the face ' is not S.
featur'd : shaped Ado in. i. 60, Sonn. xxix. 6.
featureless (not pre-S.) : ugly Sonn. xi. 10.
fedary (S.) : confederate, accomplice Meas. ii. iv.
123 {Fifedarie, FfQSifeodary), Cym. in. ii. 21 (Ff
Fadarie), Wint. ii. i. 89 (Fi Fe'derarie, ?a mis-
jirint or a scholarly correction).
federary: see preceding word.
fee sb. (1 phrases derived from the sense of in-
heritance in land)
1 in fee, (to be held) in absolute possession Ham.
IV. iv. 22 should it be sold in fee ; — at a jtin's
fee, at a pin's value Ham. i. iv. 65.
2 sum which a public officer is authorized to de-
mand as payiuentfortheexcrciseofhi.sfunctions;
tig. 2H6 in. ii. 217 / shoidd rob the dealhsmun of
his fee.
3 remuneration paid to a professional man Mer.V.
IV. i. 424, Rom. i. iv. 74, Lr. i. i. 166, Yen. 609.
4 perquisite 3H6 m. i. 22 a deer whose skin's a
keeper's fee.
5 payment, recompense Ado n. ii. 54, R3 i. ii. 170,
Ham. n. ii. 73 three thousand crowns in annual f.
6 bribe John ii. i. 170.
feevb.: to employ, make use of (an opportunity),
as one would a servant Wiv. ii. ii. 208.
feedsb.: feeding-ground, pasture-land AYL. ii. iv.
84 bounds of feid ; food-fodder Tit. iv. iv. 92
[sheep] rot ltd uith del icinus feed.
feed pple.: hired Tw.N. i. v. 305 no feed post.
feeder : one dependent on anotlier for food, (hence)
servant AYL. n. iv. 100, Tim. n. ii. 169, Ant. in.
xi. [xiii.] 109.
feeding : food 2H4 i. i. 10 a horse Full of high /.,
Cor. v. i. 56 wine and/., Sonn. cxviii. 6 To bitter
sauces did I frame my f.; pasture Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 169. ^Cf. FEEDSb.
fee-farm : kind of tenure by which land is held in
fee-simple subject to a perpetual fixed rent, fig.
in phrase in fee-farm Troil. in. ii. 51.
fee-grief: grief that has a particular owner Mac.
IV. iii. Kd a fee-grief iMte to some single breast.
FEEL —
80
feel: to test, sound H5 iv. i. 132 io f. other men's
iiiiiiils, Lr. I. ii. 97 to/, my eiffedion to your honour.
feeling- vbl. sb. (the 'sense 'sensibility, suscepti-
bility', e.g. LLL. IV. ii. 30, isnotpre-S.; the loll,
are obs. or rare)
1 experience Meas. ni. ii. 129, LLL. iir. i. 120.
2 what is felt to belong to a thing, impression pro-
duced by it R2 i. iii. 301*.
feeling ppl. adj.: (in passive sense) deeply felt,
heartfelt Win't. IV. i. [ii.] 8 /. sorroicn, Koni. in.
V. 75 stich a f. loss, Lr. iv. vi. 227 Icnoiin and J.
sorrnit'S.
feelingly (1 arises from tlie meaning ' with just
perception, undcrstandingly ' ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 appropriately, to the purpose Meas. I. ii. 37,
Tw.N. II. iii. 175 most/. jH-rsonnteel, Ham. v. ii. 114.
2 with feeling or emotion Lucr. 1112, 1492.
3 so as to be felt or leave an impression AYL. ii. i.
11, Lr. IV. vi. 153.
fee-simple : estate belonging to the owner and his
heirs for ever 2H6iv. x. 28 the lord of the soil come
io seize me for a stray, for enlcrim/ liisf. loitliout
leave; usu. fig. =absolute possession Wiv. iv. ii.
229 if the devil have him not in /., All'sW. iv. iii.
314, Rom. III. i. .35 buy the f. of my life, Compl. 144.
feigfn: to relate in fiction", fable Mer.V. v. i. 80,
HHti I. ii. 31 all theit poets fei(jn of bliss and joy.
feigning (3 the sense 'sing softly, hum' was in
use in the 15tli-16th cent.)
1 inventive, imaginative AYL. ill. iii. 22 the truest
poetry is the most feif/nine/.
2 deceitful MND. I. i. :il feie/nin// love.
3 siii<_'ini.' Softly MND. i. i. 'M feiejnimj voice.
felicitate pple. (S.) : made happy Lr. i. i. 77.
fell sb.: skin Lr. v. iii. 24 flesh eind f. (used quasi-
adv. =entirely) ; covering of hair or wool, fleece
AYL. III. ii. 56, Mac. v. v. 11.
fell adj.: fierce, cruel (freq.); hot, angi-y MND. li.
i. 20 Oheron is peissing fell and ivrath.
fellow sb. (5 in 14tli cent, implied polite condescen-
sion = ' comrade ', 'my friend ' ; in S.'s time this
notion had disappeared, but the word when ad-
dressed to a servant does not seem to have
necessarily implied haughtiness or contempt,
though its application to one not greatly inferior
Avas a gross insult)
1 companion, associate (freq.) Tp. in. iii. 60 ; also
attrib. AYL. iii. ii. 378, Ham. i. ii. 177.
2 partaker, sharer o/Wint. iii. ii. 39.
3 consort, spouse Tp. iii. i. 84*.
4 equal, match MND. iv. 1. S9 yood hay
fellow, Caes. v. iii. 101. Mac. ir. iii. 69.
5 customary title of address to a servant LLL. iv.
i. 103 Thoa,f., a irord, R3 iii. ii. 105 Gramercy,f.:
there, elrinlc that for me, Rom. i. ii. 58 Good den,
flood filloiv.
fellow vb.: to be a 'fellow ' to Wint. i. ii. 143.
fellowly : sympathetic Tp. v. i. 64.
fellowship (see also good-fellowship)
1 partnership, memt)ership MND. i. i. 85 cverleistinfj
bond (iff., Ham. iii. ii. 294 af. in ei cry of players.
2 participation, sharing (in an action, &c.) Tim. v.
ii. 12 H/sfilUiirship i" the ceiuse against your city.
3 cominuiionsliip, company LLL. iv. iii. 49 sweet f.
in sliaiiir, John ill. iv. 3 disjoin'dfrom /., Cor. v. iii.
175, Otli. II. i. 93 Parted ei'urf., Lucr. '790/. in weie.
4 intercourse H8 in. i. 120 all the f. I hold now with
him, llam. il. ii. 300 by the: ri(/hfs of our f.
felonious : wicked, crimiiuil 2110 iii. i. 129. ^ The
technical legal sense rehltill,^ to telony is post-S.
female : womanish, effeminate R2 iii. ii. 114 their
fomile joints.
femietary : old spelling of fumitouy H5 v. ii. 45.
femiter: see fl-.mitek.
hath no
- FIELD
fence sb. (2 occurs only once)
1 art of fencing Ado v. i. 75, John ii. i. 290.
2 defence 3H6 iv. i. 44.
fence vb.: to defend, shield, protect 3H6 ii. vi. 75,
III. iii. 98, Tim. iv. i. 3, Lucr. 63.
fennel : fragrant yellow-flowered perennial, Facni-
culum vnlgare, used in fish-sauces, and regarded
as an emlilem of flattery 2H4 ii. iv. 267 eats conger
and fiHUfJ, Ham. iv. v. 179.
fenny : inhabiting marshland Mac. iv. i. 12.
fen-suck'd : drawn up from marshes Lr. ii. iv. 169.
feodary : see fedary.
fere: spouse Tit. iv. i. 89 the woeful fere... of theit
... elamc. Per. i. Gower 21 (Qq Peere, Ffsi Peer).
fern-seed: ' seed ' of the fern, once supposed to be
invisible and capable of communicating its in-
visibility to any one who possessed it lH4ii. i. 96.
ferret : to worry H5 iv. iv. 30.
fertile: abundant Tw.N. i. v. 276/. tears. ^In
2H4 IV. iii. 132* /. sherrts perhaps = promoting
fertility (fig.).
fertile-fresli : with luxuriant foliage Wiv. v. v. 74.
fervency: eagerness Ant. ii. v. 18. [in. i. 6.
festinate : hasty Lr. iii. vii. 10 ; festinately LLL.
festival: like a feast-day John in. i. 76 kept f.;
joyful Ado V. ii. 42 moo in festival terms.
fet: fetched H5 in. i. 18, R3 ii. ii. 121 (Qq fetcht).
TJCf. deep-fet, far-fct.
fetch sb.: dodge, trick Ham. it. i. 38, Lr. ii. iv. 90.
fetch vb. (3 trans, from the phrase ' fetch a blow ')
1 /". and carry, said orig. of dogs, hence fig. to run
backwards and forwards with news, tales, &e.
Gent. III. i. 276 her master's maid . . . hath more
qualities than a water-spaniel . . . Slie cein f. and
carry.
2 to draw, derive, borrow from a source Meas. in.
i. 80, R2 I. i. 97, 2H4 ii. ii. 130, H5 ii. ii. 116/orm.v,
being f -el From glistering semblances of piety, 0th.
I. ii. 21 //. my life and being From men of royed
siege.
3 to deal a blow at Per. ii. i. 17 I'll f. thee with a
weinnion.
4 to perform (a movement) Mer.V. v. i. 73 F-ing
mad bounds, Cym. i. i. 81 /'// /. « turn about tlie
garden.
fetch about: to take a roundabout course John iv.
ii. 24; fetch in, (1) to close in upon, surround
Ant. IV. i. 14, Cym. iv. ii. 141 ; (2) to take in,
cheat Ado i. i. 233 [225] ; fetch off, to do for, get
the better of Wint. i. ii. 334, 2H4 in. ii. 327.
fettle : to make ready, prepare Rom. in. v. 154.
fever vb. (not pre-S.) : to throw into a fever Ant.
in. xi. [xiii.] 138 The white heind of a ladyf. thee.
feverous: feverish Meas. in. i. T.i a f. life, TroiL
lu.ii. 'Ma fev'rous pulse. Cor. I. iv. 61, Mac. ii. iii. 67.
few: in ftw, in a liew words, in short Tp. i. ii. 144,
Meas. HI. i. 236, H5 i. ii. 245, Ham. i. iii. 120.
fewness: only in /'. and truth, in few words and
truly Meas. l. iv. 39.
fico : Italian for 'fig' AViv. i. iii. 31. Of. figo.
fiddlestick: tlie deed rides upon af., here's a fine
commotion ! 1H4 ii. iv. 543 [535].
fidelity: by my f., upon my word Wiv. iv. ii. 164.
fidiiised : jocular formation on the name Aufidius
Cor. II. i. 146.
field (1 a frei|. sense, 4 common in lit. sense)
1 open country MND. ii. i. 96, Yen. 8.
2 country as opposed to town MND. ii. i. 238 in the
town, the field, in. ii. 398, Cor. ii. il. 126.
3 land as ojiposed to water Otli. i. iii. 135 by flood
andjield, Yen. 454.
4 battle-ground, scene of war (fig.) Ven. lOS Making
my arms his field.
5 battle Mer.V. ii. i. 26 won thru f-s, 1H4 \. v. 16
FIELD-BED —
Hoto (joes the f., IHG v. iii. Vi;itt tlic/., 3Ht)iii. ii.
1 (tt iieiint Allan's yield . . . mis slain, Lucr. 1430.
6 expanse (of sky) Per. i. i. 37 yon field of stars.
7 surface of an eseutdieon on which tlie cliarge is
displaj'ed Lucr. 58; ?in 2H0 iv. ii. 56 with play
on sense 1 ; fig. (with play on sense 4) Lucr. T2
This silent ivar of lilies and 7-oses, . . . in her fair
face's field.
8 green /., green cloth of a counting-house ; ? the
meaning in H5 ll. iii. 18 his nose ints as sharp us
a pen, and (?read on) a table of ijrecn f-s, where
Tlieobald's emendation a' hahbled\ o' green f-s is
generally accepted.
field-bed :" bed in the open field Rom. ii. i. 40.
fielded : engaged in battle Cor. i. iv. 12.
fierce (2 cf. 'fierce credulity,' 'fierce flattery,'
Ben Jonson)
1 proud, haughty 2H6 iv. ix. 45 he isf. and cannot
brook hard lamjnaeje.
2 wild, extravagant, excessive MXD. iv. i. 75 the
f. vexation of a dream, H8 i. i. 54 /. vanities,
Tim. r\'. ii. 30 the f. wretchedness that glori) brings
Its, Cym. V. V. 383 This fierce abridgement.
fife: in Mer.Y. ii. v. 30*^ the ury-neck'd f., either
the instrument or the player.
fift : old form of ' fifth ' (Anglo-Saxon fifta), now
confined to dial. use.
fifteen : = fifteenth ; a tax of one fifteenth formerly
imposed on personal property 2H6 iv. vii. 24.
fig of Spain : contemptuous gesture consisting in
thrusting the thumb between two of the closed
fingers or into the mouth H5 iii. vi. 62 ; hence
fig' vb., to insult (a pereon) by giving him the
'fig'2H4 V. iii. 121.
fig's end : used scornfully as a substitute for some
word just mentioned 0th. ii. i. 258 she is full of
most blessed condition. — Blessed fig's end .'
fight o'er : to fight one after another Tp. iii. iii. 103
I'll fight their legions o'er.
fights : kind of screen used during a naval engage-
ment to conceal and protect the crew of the
vessel Wiv. ii. ii. 144 np with your fights.
figo : Spanish for 'fig" H5 iii. vi. 60/. for thy
friendship, iv. i. 60 Tlie figo for thee.
figTire sb. (3 referred by some to the sense ' horo-
scope, diagram of the aspects of astrological
houses ')
1 distinctive shape or appearance Ado i. i. 15 doing
in the figure of a lamb the feats of a lion.
2 imaginary form, phantasm "Wiv. iv. ii. 234 to
scrape thej-s out of your husbaml's brains, Caes. ii.
i. 231 no figures nor no fantasies.
3 (?) effigy 'SViv. rv. ii. 189* She works... by the figure
(? = operates on a wax effigy of a person, for the
purpose of enchantment).
4 represented character, part en.icted Tp. in. iii. 83
Bravely thef. of this harpy luisf thou Perform'd.
5 written character Tim. v. i. 159 shall ... write in
thee the f-s of their love, v. iii. 7, 0th. i. i. 62.
6 any of the various rhetorical forms of expression,
which are adopted in order to give beauty,
variety, or force Gent. ii. i. 156, LLL. i. ii. 59, v.
i. 68, Shr. I. ii. 115, Ham. ii. ii. 98.
figure vb. :
1 to picture in the mind, imagine Meas. i. ii. 56
Thou, art always figuring diseases in me, Sonn.
eviii. 2, Compl. 199.
2 to portray, represent K3 i. ii. 194 I would I knew
thy heart.— 'Tis figur'd in my tongue.
3 to prefigure, foreshow 3H6 ii. i. 32*.
4 to be a symbol of, represent typically MND. i. i.
237, 2H4 IV. i. 45.
file sb. (2 and 3 are not pre-Eliz.)
1 list, roll AU'sW. iv. iii. 190 the musler-f, 2H4 i.
81 —FINE
iii. 10, HS I. i. 75 tlie f. Of all thegenlnj, Mac. in.
i. 95 the tuludfile.
2 the number of men constituting the depth from
front to rear of a formation in line ; often used
loosely for 'ranks, numbers, army' AU'sW. iir.
iii. 9 O'reat Mars, I put myself into thy f.,iY. iii. 305
the doubling of f-s {^Tputting two files into one
and so making the ranks smaller). Cor. v. v. [vi.]
34, Tim. V. ii. 1 are his f-s As full eis thy report ?,
Ant. I. i. 3, IV. i. 12.
3 body (of persons), properly, a small one H8 i. ii.
42, V. iv. 60 a/, of boys. Cor. ii. i. 26 us o' the right-
hand f. ( = the patricians), Cym. v. iii. 30 (' three
who are really active practically constitute the
whole troop'); hence in phrases the greater f.,
the majority Meas. in. ii. 148 The common f., the
common herd Cur. i. vi. 43.
file vb.' : to rub smooth with a file Tw.N. iii. iii. 5,
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 626 ; (hence) to polish, refine
neatly LLL. v. i. 12 his tongue [is] f-d. Tit. ii. i.
123 she shall f. our engines with advice, Sonn. Ixxxv.
i precious phrase by'all the JJusesf-d (Qfil'd) ; in
Sonn. Ixxxvi. 13 some, after Ma'lone, read //'(/,
but qhasfild=filled.
file vb.- : to defile Mac. in. i. 65 For Banquo's issue
have Ifil'd my mind.
file vb.' : to march in line, keep pace ((•///( H8 in. ii.
172 (Ff >•//•(?, as also Ffi2 in Wint. iv. iii. [iv.J
626 : See file vb.').
fill sb. : pi. thills or shafts of a cart Troil. in. ii. 46 ;
cf. FILL-HORSE.
fill vb.: to satiate, satisfy 115 iv. i. 289, Tim. i. i.
271 to see meat fill kmnes, Sonn. Ivi. 5 fill Thy
hungry eyes ; also inti'. to be satiated Yen. 648
glutton-like she feeds, yet never filleth ; fill up,
(1) to come up to the measure of, equal LLL. v.
ii. 194 How many inches do fill up one mile ; (2) to
fulfil, satisfy Mer.V. iv. i. 160 comes . . . to fill up
yuur Grace's request in, my stead.
fill-horse: shaft-hoi-se Mer.V. ii. ii. 103 (old edd.
phil-, mod. thill-).
film sb.: fine thread, as of gossamer Rom. i. iv. 04
(Fi Qq PItilome, others fil me). [iv. 147.
film vb. (not pre-S.) : to cover with a film Ham. in.
filthy (1 is peculiar to S.)
1 murky, thick H5 in. iii. 31, Mac. i. i. 12.
2 disgraceful, contemptible, scurvy Shi-, iv. iii. 65,
1H4 III. iii. 79, Tim. l. i. 203, Lr. n. ii. 17 filthy
. . . knave, 0th. v. ii. 155 her most filthy bargain.
fijich egg (contemptuous epithet) : Troil. v. i. 41.
find (obsolete uses are the foil.)
1 f. forth = &nd out Err. I. ii. 37, Mer.V. i. i. 144.
2 to experience, feel Meas. in. i. IS f-s a pang, Cor.
v. iii. Ill We must find An evident calamity.
3 to discover the true character of, esp. to discover
the weakness of All'sW. ii. iv. 34, v. ii, 47, 1H4
I. iii. 3, H5 IV. i. 279 / am a king that f. thee (viz.
ceTemony), 0th. n. i. 254.
4 to provide, furnish H5 i. ii. 72 Tof. his title with
sotiie shows of truth.
find- fault : fault-finder H5 v. ii. 296. TJ Survives
in Lancashire and Somei-set.
finding: thing found "Wint. in. iii. 132.
fine sb. (3 extension of the sense ' pecuniaiy mulct ')
1 end Ado i. i. 255 [247] the f. is, . . . I will live a
bachelor, All'sW. iv. iv. 35, Ham. v. i. 113 is this
tlief. of his f-s; esp. in the phrase in f., m the
end, finally All'sW. in. vii. 19, 1H6 i. iv. 34,
Ham. II. ii. 69, Lr. ii. i. 50 ;— All'sW. iv. iv. 36
thef-'s the crown, probably a translation of the
Latin ' Finis coronat opus '.
2 amicable agreement of a fictitious suit for the
possession of lands, formerly in vogue where the
ordinary modes of conveyance were not available
FINE-
or equally efficacious Ham. v. i. 112 ; /. and
recovu-y, means by which an estate tail was
converted into a feersimple, hence = absolute
ownership Wiv. iv. ii. 229, quibblingly in Err.
II. ii. 76. [65.
3 penalty, punishment Meas. ir. ii.40, Cor.v.v. [vi.]
fine adj. ithe unliuary material senses occur ; 5 or 6
is often blentletl with tlie sense of 'excellent,
admirable')
1 (of gold) containing a certain proportion of pui-e
metal, specified in carats 2H4 iv. v. 160 Other
[gold], less fine in curat.
2 (of wine) clear 2H4 v. iii. 46.
3 consummate, egregious Wiv. v. i. \9tlief-s( mad
devil of jealousy, 0th. iv. i. 153 a fine foot.
4 highly accomplished or skilful Shr. i. ii. 177 .1
/. mnsiciun, Cics. i. i. 10 af. icorkinitn, Ant. u. vi.
63 yniir fine E<iijplian coriktry.
5 exquisitely fashioned, delicately beautiful Tp. i.
ii. 317 F. apparition, LLL. i. i. 63 some mistress/.,
Rom. II. i. ly herf. foot, Ham. ii. ii. 476 [467] more
handsome than fine.
6 refined, delicate, subtle (in various applications)
Ado m. iv. 22, LLL. i. ii. 59, AYL. iii. ii. 363
Your eiccent is somethinr/ f-r, All'sW. v. iii. 273
ttiov, art loo f. in thy evidence, 1H4 iv. i. 2 if speak-
iwj truth In this/, aeje were not thoiir/ht Aatiery.
fine adv.: delicately, subtly Cym. i. i. 84 Now/, this
tyrant Can tickle where she wounds; niincingly
LLL. V. i. 22 to speak clout,/., when he should say,
doubt.
fine vb.' : to bring to an end Lucr. 936'^ Time's office
is to fine the hate o//oes.
fine vb.2 (2 cf. fine sb'^)
1 to pay as a fine or penalty H5 iv. vii. 73 I have
fin d these bones o/ mine /or ransom.
2 to punish Meas. ii. ii. 40 To/, the/anlts, iir. i. 113,
K2 11. i. 248 the nobles hath he /-'d For ancient
(/itarrels.
fine-baited : subtly alluring Wiv. ii. i. 98.
fineless (S. coinage) : infinite 0th. iii. iii. 173.
fineness: subtlety Troil. i. iii. 209.
fing'er vb.: to pilfer, filch 3H6 v. i. 44, Ham. v. ii.
15 Fini/er'd their pocket.
finical : excessively particular in dress Lr. ii. ii.
I'J i/lass-i/azinf/ . . . finical roijue.
finish: to die Ant. v. ii. 192, iCym. v. v. .36, 413.
Pinsbury : ' Finsbury Fields outside Moorgate
were the archery ground of the Londoners, and
a favourite resort of citizens and their wives '
1H4 HI. i. 256.
firagfo : meant for ' virago ', which does not other-
wise occur Tw.N. iii. iv. 305.
fire: Tphrascs •.—(/ive /., discharge a volley Wiv. ir.
ii. 145 ; fig. Lucr. 1604 Tlirce times with sighs she
gives her sorrow /.; — rjive the /., give the order to
discharge a volley, iig. Gent. ii. iv. 39 A /. ivlhy
o/ words . . . you gave the/. ; — put one's fiwji r in tin
/., meddle with dangerous matter Wiv. l. iv. 91.
fire-drake : proijcrly, fiery dragon, or fiery meteor ;
applieil to a man with a red nose H8 v. iv. 46.
fire-eyed (1H4 iv. i. 114, Rom. iir. i. 130 Qi only)
and fire-new (LLL. i. i. 177, R3 i. iii. 256, Lr. v.
iii. 134) are not pre-S.; fire-robed (Wint. iv. iii.
[iv.] 29) is app. only S., and fire-work(s in the
sense of ' pyrotechnic display ' is not pre-S.
firk: to beat, trounce H5 iv. iv. 29, 33.
firm: well-ascertained, certain Mer.V. iv. i. 53.
first (senses 3 (i) and 3 (ii), although really distinct,
cannot always be separated)
1 in heraldry the/, -the colour first mentioned in
blazoning a coat of arms (fig.) MNI). iii. ii. 213
Twoo/the/.f, like coats in heraldry (old edd./. li/e).
2 (one's)/., the beginning or outset (of one's period
82 — FIXDBE
of life, action, &c.) Tim. i. i. 119 //-ow my/., Mac.
V. ii. 11 their/, o/ manhood. Ham. ii. ii. 61 Upon
onr/., Lr. v. iii. 290 your/, o/ difference and decay.
3 at first, also at the/, in senses (i) and (ii):
(i) at the outset, in the first stage, on the first
occasion, (hence) originally Gent. ii. vi. 9, in. i.
95, Wint. I. ii. 336, 1H6 ii. i. 51, iv. i. 121 let it rest
where it beyan at/., R3 v. iii. 311, Ham. ii. ii. 192
he knew me not at/., 0th. ii. iii. 361 ; also at /. and
last, from beginning to end 1H6 v. v. 102, Mac.
III. iv. 1 ; since at /., ever since, from tlie time
wlien Err. ii. ii. 5, Sonn. lix. 8 ;
(ii) from tlic beginning, directly, at once Mer.V.
IV. i. 68 Every offence is not a hate at/., Shr. v. ii.
68 To come at/, when he doth send/or her, Cym. i.
iv. 117, 11. V. 15, Yen. 250, Sonn. xc. 12 ;
(iii) before others Cor. i. i. 137 True is it . . . That
I iiruK Ihi iji n< rat /md III first.
first-conceived : liist lieanl l'H6 hi. ii. 44. [147.
firstling's: first fruits Troil. Prol. 27, Mac. iv. i.
fist: to punch 2H4 u. i. 25, Cor. iv. v. 131, Per. iv.
vi. 182.
fit sb.: paroxysm of lunacy, formerly regarded as
a periodic disease Err. iv. iii. 91, Tit. iv. i. 17,
Ham. IV. i. 8 ; fit o/ the /ace, grimace H8 i. iii. 7 ;
applied to critical times Cor. in. ii. 33 The violent
fit o' the time, Mac. iv. ii. 17 The fits o' the season.
fit adj. (2 now only dial. exc. with ' for ' or ' to ')
1 of the right measure or size, well fitting Gent. iv.
iv. 169, LLL. IV. i. 50 One o' these maids' girdles /or
your waist should be fit, AU'sW. i. i. 114, Cym. iv.
I. 2 How fit Itis garments serve me.'; fig. AU'sAV.
II. ii. 21 Will goiir answer serve fit to tdl questions?.
Ham. IV. V. 10, Lr. i. ii. 20>3All with me's meet thai
I can /ash ion fit.
2 prepared, ready Meas. iii. i. 268, Mer.V. v. i. 85
fit /or treasons. Cor. i. iii. 48 We are fit to bid he.''
welcome, 0th. ill. iv. 165.
fit vb. (obs. uses are as follows)
1 to be fitting or suitable Rom. i. v. 79 It fits, when
.such a villain is a guest.
2 to agree or harmonize with Tit. iii. i. 265 it fits
not with this hour, Lr. in. ii. 76 ; construed with
to John v. vi. 19.
3 to be suitable for, answer the requirements of
Wiv. II. i. 166 she'll fit if.
4 to furnish (a person with something) Gent. ii. vii.
■i2 fit me with sitch weeds. Ado i. i. 3291321], All'sW.
II. i. 93 I'll fit you, H8 ii. i. 99, Cym. v. v. 21.
fitchew : polecat Troil. v. i. 67, Lr. iv. vi. 125 ;
used as a term of contempt 0th. iv. i. 148.
fitful : marked by fits or paroxysms Mac. m. ii. 23
li/e's /. /ever. ^ Used once by S., the earliest
authority for the word, and popularized in
various applications by mod. writers.
fitly : at a fitting time Tim. in. iv. 113, Lr. i. ii. 190
/ IV ill fitly bring you to hear my lord speak.
fitment (not pre-S.; the S. exx. are the only in-
stances till the 19th cent., when the word is
used in the sense of ' fittings ')
1 preparation Cym. v. v. 410.
2 duty Per. iv. vi. 6.
fitness : readiness, inclination (S.) Ham. v. ii. 209*
>/ his fitness speaks, mine is ready (Qa).
fitted : driven as l)y fits or paroxysms out o/a place
Sonn. cxix. 7.
five-finger-tied : (?) exaggerated expression for
' tied very securely ' Troil. v. ii. 154.
fives ( = ' vives ', aphetic form of ' avi ves ') : disease
ofthe parotid glands in younghorses Shr. 111. ii. 56.
fixture : fixing Wiv. m. iii. 67 the firm/, of thif/oot
(Vim fi.cure) ; fixedness Troil. i. iii. 101 (Ffs^).
fixure: fixedness, stability Wint. v. iii. 67% Troil.
I. iii. 101 (Pin fijcturO,
FLAKE -
flake: lock ofliair Lr. iv. vii. 20 thcst iihile fiitkat.
flaky : broken into Hakes of cloml K:^ v. iii. H7.
flamen : priest in ancient Rome devoted to tlic
service of a particular deity Cor. ii. i. 232, Tim.
IV. iii. 156. [111.
flaming: liiglily-coloiired, high-down Troil. i. ii.
flannel: ludicrously used to designate a Welshman
Wiv. V. V. 17ti to unsH'tr the Vi'ilsli Jiatind.
flap-dragon: raisin or the like u.sed in the game
of snapdragon LLL. v. i. 46 thou art easier swalloicid
than a/.; hence as vb., to swallow as one would
a ' flap-dragon ' Wint. m. iii. 100.
flapjack: pancake Per. ii. i. 88.
flap-mouthed : having broad hanging lips Ven.
ll'JU AiKitlirr flnp-moiilh'd iitoiirner.
flare : to stream in the wind Wiv. iv. vi. 42.
flat sl>.: level grouru.1, plain Ham. v. i. 274 Till of
this/, a mountain you have made ; swamp Tp. ii.
ii. 2 bo(/s, fens, f-s; shallow, shoal Mer.V. i. i. 26,
John V. vi. 40.
flat adj. (not very frcq.; chiefly in fig. uses)
1 absolute, downright Meas. ii. ii. 131/. blasphemy,
Ado II. i. 231 the /. trunsyression of a schoolboy,
IV. ii. 45, John iir. i. 298; that's/, (not pre-S.
=that's the absolute, undeniable truth LLL. iii.
i. 107, lH4i. iii. 218, iv. ii. 43.
2 stupid, dull H5i. Chor. 9/. unraised spirits, Troil.
IV. i. 62 a flat tamed piece.
flat-long": with the flat side downward Tp. ii. i. 188.
flatness : .ibsoluteness Wint. iii. ii. 123.
flatter vb.' :
1 to try to please by obsequious speech or conduct
AYL. IV. i. 194 that f-itir/ tonfjue of yours, R2 ir.
1. 87 / mock my nauie, yreat kin;/, to f. thee ; also
intr. /. ifith 1(2 ii. i. 88 Should dying men f. ivith
those that lite ?.
2 to gratify the vanity or self-esteem of Cses. ir. i.
208 tvhen I tell him he hales f-crs. He says he docs,
being then most flattered.
3 to encouiage with hopeful or pleasing representa-
tions Slir. Ind. i. 44 a f-ing dnam, 2H4 i. iii. 29
F-ing himself with (Q in) project of a power Much
stnalkr than the smallest of his tlmughts, Ven. 989
liope . . . dothf. thee in thouyhtsvidikcly ; also intr.
/. with Gent. iv. iv. 195 Unless If. icith mysdf too
much, Tw.N. i. v. 324 not to f. with his lord, Nor
hold liim up ivith hopes. [978.
4 to please with the belief or suggestion that Ven.
5 to represent too favourably Gent. iv. iv. 194 the
paintirf-'d her a little, John ii. i. 503 Brawn in the
flattering table of her eye.
6 flatter up, pamper, coddle LLL. v. ii. 822.
flatter vli.-' : to flutter Cor. v. v. 116 (Ff 34 Flutter'd).
flatteringf : uscil adv. =flatteringlyl?om. 11. ii. 14L
flattery: gratifying deception, delusion (S.) 0th.
IV. i. 131 she is persuaded I xvM marry her, out of
her oicn lore and flattery, Sonn. xlii. 14.
flaunts: finery Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 23.
flaw sb.' (1 by some referred to flaw sb.^)
1 flake of snow 2H4 I v. iv. 35* as sudden As f-s con-
gealed in the spring of day.
2 fragment Lr. 11. iv. 288* thisheart Shall break into
a liundred thousand flatus.
3 crack, fissure (fig.) Ant. iii. x. [xii.]34 Observe how
Antony becomes his flaw.
4 defect, blemish LLL. v. ii. 416' sound, sans crack
or flaw.
flaw sb.^:
1 sudden burst or squall of wind 2H6 iii. i. 354, Cor.
V. iii. 74 a great seamark, standing every f., Hani.
V. i. 238 winter's flaw. Per. 111. i. 39.
2 outburst of feeling or passion Meas. 11. iii. 11 the
f-s of her own youth, Mac. in. iv. 03 these f-s and
starts.
83 — FI.ZGKT
flaw vb. : to make a flaw in, damage, mar H8 1. i. 95
France hathf-'d the league, I. ii. 21, Lr. v. iii. 198
hisf-'d heart . . . "fwixt two extremes of passion . . .
Burst smilingly.
flax : as the material of which a wick is made 2H6
v. ii. 55 od and flax.
flax-wench : female flax-worker Wint. i. ii. 277.
flay: to skin : (hence, jocularly) to strip (a person
of his clothes) Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 658 (old edd. fled).
fleckled : dappled Kom. 11. iii. 3/. darkness (Qi and
mod. ed(\. flecked ; •a]so flecker' ilf).
fledge :
1 to bring vp (a young bird) till its feathers are
grown and it can fly Mer.V. lii. i. S2 knew the bird
was fledged.
2 to cover with down 2H4 i. ii. 22 the juvenal . . .
irhose chin ts not yet fledged.
flee: used for 'fly' LLL. in. i. 68, 2H4 i. i. 123
arrows fled (.flyf) not swiftir, Ven. 947.
fleece: transf. head or mass of hair Tit. ii. iii. 34
Uly fleece of n'oolly liair, Sonn. Ixviii. 8.
fleer sb. (not pre-S.) : sneer 0th. iv. i. 83.
fleer vb.: to smile or grin contemptuously, gibe or
sneer at Ado v. i. 58, LLL. v. ii. 109, Rom. i. v,
61, Ci«s. I. iii. 117 no fleering tell-tale.
fleet (the sense ' pass away, vanish ' is frcq.)
1 to be afloat Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 171.
2 to pass (time) AYL. i. i. 126.
flesh sb. (3 referred by some to 1)
1 inf., in good condition Rom. v. i. ?A(jet thyself in f.
2 strange f., unusual or loathsome food Ant. l. iv. 67.
3 visible surface of the body Ant. i. ii. 19* fairer
tliein you are . . . in flesh.
4 piece off, liuman being, sample of liumanitj^ Ado
IV. ii. 88 as jiretty a piece of f., AYL. in. li. 69,
Tw.N. I. V. 'iQ piece of Ere' s flesh .
5 human nature with its limitations and frailties
H8 V. iii. 12 capeible Of our f.. Ham. in. i. 63 the
thouseind ncdured shocks That f. is heir to, Sonn.
cli. 8 flesh stays no farther reason.
flesh vb. (the orig. meaning was ' to reward a hawk
or a hound with a piece of the flesh of the game
killed to excite its eagerness in the chase ')
1 to initiate in or inure to bloodshed John v. i. 71
/. his spirit in a weir-like soil, Lr. 11. ii. 50 come,
I'll flesh ye.
2 to inflame the ardour or rage of (a person) by a
foretaste of success, &c. Tw.N. iv. 1. 44 you are
well f-ed, 2H4 i. i. 149/-'rf with conquest, H5 11. iv.
tiQ flcslt'd upon us.
3 to ]dunge (a weapon) into flesh 2H4 iv. v. 131 the
ii'del dog Shall f. Iiis tooth in every innocent; —
/■. one's maiden sword, use it for the first time in
"battle 1H4 v. iv. 132, 1H6 iv. vii. 36 Did f. his
puny snvrel in Frenclnnen's blood.
4 to gratify (hist) All'sW. iv. iii. 19 he f-s his will
in the spoil of ill r honour.
flesh'd: inured to bloodshed, hardened H5 iir. iii.
11 the flesh'd soldier, R3 IV. iii. Q flesh'd rillains.
fleshly : consisting of flesh John iv. ii. 245.
fleshment (S.): excitement resulting from a first
success (cf. FLESH vb. 2) Lr. 11. ii. 130 in the f. of
this dread exploit.
flesh-monger : fornica-tor Meas. v. i. 333.
flew'd: having large chaps MND. iv. i. 126.
Plibbertigiljbet : Lr. ni. iv. 118, iv. i. 62 one of
the names I if fiends taken from Harsnet's ' Decla-
ration of egregious Popish Impostures', 1603.
flickeringf: shining with unsteady light Lr. 11.
ii. 114/. Phoebus' front (Qqia printed fiitkering,
Q 3 fletkering, Ff flicking).
flight sb. (1 cf. ' You must liaue diuerse shaftes of
one flight, fethered with diuerse winges, for
diuerse windes,' Ascham 'Toxophilus ', 1545)
FLIGHTY
1 of the stl/saiiief., liaving tlie same power of fliglit,
applied to arrows ofequal size and weight Mer.V.
I. i. 142.
2 flock (of birds) Tit. v. iii. 68 ; transf. company
(of angels) Ham. v. ii. 374.
3 long-distance shooting with special arrows called
' flights ' or ' flight-arrows ' Ado i. i. 40' challcwjtd
Cupid at ttie fiijilU.
fligfhty adj.: swift Mac. w. i. 145.
flingf (2 used of animals from the 14th cent.)
1 to dash, rush Tim. JV. ii. 45 Hes fiiiwj in rayc
from this inrji-alcful seat 0/ monstrous friends.
2 to kick and plunge violently Mac. ii. iv. 16
Duncan's horses. ..broke ilieir stalls, fiang out.
flirt-ffill (not pre-S.): woman of light or loose
beliaviour Rom. II. iv. 163. ^ ' Gill ' is a pet form
of ' Juliana'.
flock : tuft of wool 1H4 II. i. 7.
flood (fig. uses are fairly numerous)
1 freq. used of large bodies of water, rivers, the sea
(Mer.V. IV. i. 72 tlie main /.), also for water as
opposed to land (MND. ii. i.5 Through f, tlirouijli
fire, 0th. I. iii. 135 hy f. and field) ; hence, of
streams of tears and blood.
2 flowing in of the tide Gent. ir. iii. 48 in losing the
f. [thoii'lt] lose thij voyage, John v. vii. 64 Deroured
'ill the ■unexpected /., Cses. IV. iii. 218 a tide . . .
ialiuintth, fl<,id.
flood-gate' : sluice 1H4 ii. iv. 440, Ven. 959.
flood-gate-: strong stream, torrent ; used adj. =
torrential 0th. i. iii. 56 my . . . grief Is ofsof. etnd
o'erbearing nature. TJCf. 'Outoi' her gored wound
the crueli Steele He lightly snatcht, and did the
floud-gate stop With his faire garment,' Spenser.
floor: /. of heaien, the sky Mer.V. v. i. 58; app.
transf. from the meaning of 'ceiling', which is
found in Holland's ' Plutarch ', 1603.
flote: sea (S.) Tp. i. ii. 234 the Mediterraneem f.
TI The usu. meaning (1480-1660) is ' wave, billow.'
flourish, sb.: ostentatious embellishment, gloss,
varnish LLL. ii. i. 14, iv. iii. 238Lend me tlief. of
all gentle tniii/uis, 1x3 I. iii. 241, iv. iv. 82, Ham. ii.
ii. 91 sinci hn i i/y is the soul of wit. And tediousness
the limbs and outward flourishes, v. ii. 187.
floiirish vb.:
1 to embellish Meas. iv. i. 76.
2 to brandish a sword (intr.) Tit. r. i. 310 him that
f-'dfor her itith his sirord, Cfes. III. ii. 197 Whilst
bloody treason fltntrish'd over us.
flotit : to (niiite with sarcastic purpose Add, i. 298
ere i/nn. Jloat old ends any further.
floiiting-stock in the form vlouting- : object of
nioikery Wiv. lii. i. 120 ; used for 'flout' iv. v.
83/i(// of gibes etnd vlouting-stocks.
flow sb. :
1 stream (fig.) H8 i. i. 152 /. of gall, Tim. ii. ii. 3
cease his f. of riot, v. iv. 76 o\ir brain's f. ( = tears) ;
phr. set eil flow, cause to weep Tim. ii. ii. 173.
2 rise of the tide Tp. v. i. '270; fig. 1H4 I. ii. 43,
Troil. II. iii. 140, Tim. ii. ii. 152.
3 rise of water in general Ant. ii. vii. 20 /Ac/, o'
the }iile, Lucr. 651 Tlie petty streams that . . . Add
to his [the sea's] flow.
flow vb. (pa. pple. once flown All'sW. ir. i. 142)
1 to circulate Meas. i. iii. 52 Lord Angela . . . scarce
confesses That his blood f-s, Cym. ill. iii. 93 The
princely blood flows in Itis cheek.
2 flow orer, overflow Ant. v. ii. 24.
3 fig. to issue {from a source) Per. iv. iii. 27 he did
ii'it f. From lionourable sources; of. All'sW. ii. i.
142V/)-<;((/ floods heive flown From simple sources.
4 (of the sea, iiC.) to rise and advance AYL. ii. vii.
72 Doth it (sc. pride) not f. as hugely as the sea.
5 to rise and overflow (fig.) Troil. v. ii. 39 You f. to
84 - TOIL
e/reat distraction.
to overflow with tears H8 Prol. 4, Cor. v. iii. 99,
Sonn. XXX. 5 an eye, unus'd to flow.
7 to abound in, overflow with Ado iv. i. 251, Wint.
V. i. 102 your verse F-'d with Iter beauty once, Roui.
ir. iv. 42 the numbers that I'etrarch flowed in.
flower : bloom, beauty (S.) Per. in. ii. 96.
flower-de-luce :
1 iris Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 127.
2 the heraldic lily, borne upon the royal arms of
France 1H6 i. i. 80, i. ii. 99, 2H6 v. i. 11 ; hence
applied to Princess Katharine H5 v. ii. 223.
flowering :
1 blooming (fig.) H5 m. iii. 14 ; /. youth, bloom of
manhood IHb ii. v. 66.
2 flowery 2H6 in. i. 228 the snake, roU'd in af. hank,
Rom. III. ii. 73 serpent heart, hid with a f. face
(cf. Mac. I. V. 66 look like the innocent flower. But
be the serpent under't).
flowery : full of or expressed in flowers of speech
(not pre-S.) Meas. iii. i. 81*.
flowing: abundant, copious H8 ii. iii. 02.
fluent: copious (cf. prec.) H5 in. vii. 36.
flush (not pre-Eliz.; 1 and 2 not pre-S.)
1 full Tim. V. iv. 8 Now the time is flush.
2 full of life, lusty, vigorous Ham. iii. iii. 81 asf.
as May (Ff fresh). Ant. I. iv. b2 flush youth.
flushing: redness Ham. i. ii. 155.
fluster: to excite with drink 0th. ii. iii. 61.
flux: discharge AYL. iii. ii. 71 the very uncleanly
f. of a cat ; continuous stream (of people) ii. i. 52.
fluxive (not pre-S.): flowing Compl. 50/. eyes.
fly (often used in the senses of ' flee ')
1 trans, and intr. (of a falconer) to cause a hawk to
fly at game 2H6 ii. i. 1 flying at the brook (see
BROOK sb.), Ham. ii. ii. 459 [450] We'll e'en to' I like
French falconers, fly at anything ice see.
2 fly off, desert Lr. ir. iv. 91 The images of revolt
and flying off { = rehe]\ion and desertion), Ant. ll.
ii. 159 and never F. off our lores again ; fly outf
rnsh out, break out Cor. i. x. 19 [3Iy valour] Shall
f. out of itself (' s\va\\ deviate from its own native
generosity,' J.), Cym. in. iii. 90 his spirits f. out
Into my story, iv. iv. 54 their blood thinks scorn,
Till it f. out and show them princes born.
fly-bitten : fly-specked 2H4 n. i. 163.
fly-slow t (Pope) : slowly passing R2 i. iii. 150 The
/. hours (Qqi-4 slie slow, Qs Ffiai slye slow, F,
flye slow ; many conj.).
fotosb.f: Err. iv. iii. 24 (old edd. .<tob ; conj. bobf).
fob vb.: to cheat, deceive, delude 1H4 i. ii. 08, 0th.
IV. ii. 197 (see fop); /. off', (1) put off deceitfully
2H4 II. i. 39 (old edd. fub) ; (2) set aside by a trick
Cor. I. i. 99 to fob off our disgrace with ei tale.
foil sb.' : setting of a jewel, (hence fig.) that which
sets something off to advantage R2 i. iii. 266 as
f. ichireifi thou art to set The precious jewel of thy
home return, 1H4 i. ii. 237, R3 v. iii. 251, Ham.
v. ii. 209 I'll be your f., Laertes; in mine igno-
rance Yourskillshall.. . Slickfli ry eiff'indud, Compl.
153 thef. Of this false jnrt'l ; in Ant. i. iv. 24 Ff
foyl{e)s is by some referred to this word, but see
FOIL sb.2 2.
foil sb." (1 orig. a term of wrestling=' the flict of
being almost thrown, a throw not resulting in
a flat fall ')
1 defeat, repulse, clieck 1H6 iii. iii. 11 ; \)\\r.give
thef., put to thef.=gi\e a check to Tp. ill. i. 46,
lH6v. iii. 23.
2 (?) disgrace, stigma Ant. i. iv. 24* (mod. edd.
.soils f; Fffoylieis).
foil sb.3 : light fencing weapon Ado v. ii. 14, Ham.
II. ii. 343 [3.34], v. ii. 182, &c.
foil vb.: to throw in wrestling AYL. i. i. 138, &c.;
roiN-
to ovcicoiuc, duleatSHO V. iv. 42, Troil. i. iii. a72,
Cor. I. ix. 48, Vun. 114, Sonn. xxv. 10 Afttr a
thousand vicloika unccf-'d ; (hence) to IV list rati-,
render nugatory or of no ctt'ect Otli. i. iii. 27i
C^H t'oyles, FffiuKi), Cym. ii. iii. 120 (mod. edd.
w(/t), rilgr- vii. 15 [•••']•
foin sb.: thrust in louciiiu Lr. iv. vi. 2b2 ; so foin
vh. Wiv. 11. iii. L'4, 2114 ii. i. 19.
foison: pleiitiiul crop or harvest Tp. iv. i. 110
F.itiih's mcrfase, f. pknly, Bntux <tnd (junurs
iicnr (iiip/i/, Meas. i. iv. 43, Ant. ii. vii. 23 //
(kioih Or /. J'utlow; pi. resources Mac. iv. iii. 8S.
fold: embrace (S.) Troil. iii. iii. 224.
follow (.4 used more widely tlian now)
1 to pursue as an enemy 2H4 iv. iii. 27, Cor. in. iii.
137, IV. v. 104 / lime lurf-'d Hue with link, Ant.
V. i. 30 Antonii! I liiive/olloii'd Hue to lliis.
2 to prosecute (a thing in hand), carry tlirougli,
' follow up ' Tw.N. V. i. 377, 2H4 i. i. 21 u diii/^tio
fuuijlit, so fullow'd, and soj'airlij nan, H5 ii. iv. 08.
3 'to imitate, copy MND. ii. i. 131, Wint. v. ii. 63.
4 to engage in (a pursuit), practise (a calling), apply
one-self to Tw.N. i. iii. 101, John ii. i. 31/. urmx,
Cor. IV. V. 35, Lr. n. ii. \bl f-inii lur affairs.
follower: pursuer 3H6 i. iv. 22, Cor. i. iv. 44.
following": ensuing Lucr. 180 W'lmtf. sorrow.
folly : lewdness, wantonness Wiv. ii. ii. 258, iii. ii.
30, Meas. lir. i. 89, Troil. v. ii. 18, Otli. ll. i. 137,
V. ii. 130.
folly-fall'n : lapsed into folly Tw.N. iii. i. 76.
fond adj. (the mod. sense ' liaving a strong affection
or liking for' is first recorded from S., wlio con-
strues it with o/Wint. i. ii. 104, John in. iv. 92,
98, 0th. V. ii. 165, and on MND. u. i. 200, Sonn.
Ixxxiv. 14; a contemporary sense, 'foolishly
affectionate, doting', is doubtfully represented)
1 infatuated, foolish, silly (the commonest sense
in S. and in the Eliz. period, since when the
literary use has been narrowed to that of
' foolishly credulous or .sanguine ').
2 trifling, trivial Meas. ii. ii. 149/. sicks, Ham. i. v.
99 triiinl/ond records.
3 eager (for), desirous (of): construed with o/ Cor.
V. iii. 102, Cym. i. i. 37 Tlun old and f. oj issue ;
with icilli Lucr. 134 ; with iiilinitive AYL. il. iii. 7.
fond vb. : to dote on Tw.N. li. ii. 35.
fondling" : Yen. 229 (a) darling, pet, (b) pres. pplc.
ol the verb 'luiidlc ' ; either interpretation malies
tliis the earliest evidence for the words.
food: in/ijijit, while eating Err. v. i. 83.
fool sb.' {the jihrase af. to = in every way inferior
to Shr. III. ii. 160 is not pre-S.)
1 (with an adj. as flood, poor) used as a term of
endearment or pity Gent. iv. iv. 10 i, Ado ii. i.
32S, Tw.N. V. i. 381, Wint. ii. i. 117, 3H0 ii. v. 30,
IJom. I. iii. 31, Lr. v. iii. 307.
2 (somebody's) dupo or sport LLL. v. ii. 68, Tw.N.
lir. i. 158 noio I am i/onr /., liom. in. i. 142 / am
Fortune's f., Mac. ir. i. 44 Jline cijis are made the
f-s o' the other senses. Ham. i. iv. 54 we f-s of
nature, Lr. ii. ii. 132, 0th. i. iii. 389.
3 born idiot, ' natural fool ' All'sW. iv. iii. 213 the
shrktc's /. = An idiot maintained by the sheriff,
who was responsible to the crown.
4 used as adj. = foolish Mer.V. i. i. 102, ii. ix. 26.
fool sb.- : kind of custard or dish of whipped cream
Troil. V. i. 10 (qiiibblingly) thou fall dish of fool.
fool vb. (rare use) : to make a fool of Lr. n. iv. 278.
fool-beg'ged : (?) idiotic, foolish Err. ii. i. 41 This
/. jmticncc. TJ The formation of this compound
is obscure ; Nares explains, ' so foolish that the
guardianshipof it might well be begged ': see beg.
fool-born: (?) proceeding from a foor2H4 v. v. 00
u fool-born jest.
85 — roR
fooling : humour for jesting Tw.N. i. v. 35.
foolish: u.-ied depreciatingly in speaking of one'.s
uwn things Mer.\\ i. ii. 128 mij /. tijcs, Kuni. i. v.
120 1V( hare a /rijinii/ foolish Imiuiiut toirnrds. n',
foolish-compounded: composedof folly 2H4i. ji'
foolish-witty : foolish in one's wisdom Ven. 838!
fool's head : i'ou shall hace An /. of your oitn Wiv!
iv. 131 (with quibble on Anne); cf. Ass-HiiAii
and ■ Hhee makes liim sec a Fooles head of his
own ' (Bretoij, 1577).
foot sb. : phr. at /., close behind Ham. iv. iii. 57,
Ant. I. V. 44 ;— o;(/.(i) standingTroil. i. iii.l35te//,v
Troy onf.; (ii) moving, astir Cur. iv. iii. 49, Veu.
079 lehen than hast onf. the purblind hare ; (iii) in
active employment or operation LLL. v. ii. 755
since love's ari/umtnt was first onf.\—f. tof., witli
one's foot against one's opponent's, in close com-
bat Ant. III. vii. 66 ;— /. and hand, putting the
foot foi ward and dealing a blow at the same time
1H4 II. iv. 245 \—set on (one's) /., start on one's
way C»s. II. i. 331 \—Upon thef. of fear, in flight
1H4 V. V. 20 (cf. Mac. n. iii. 132 Vpon the /. of
motion).
foot vb. (the use of/. )i!= 'dance' Tp. i. ii. 379 F. il
featly here and there, has been mucli imitated by
later writers ; 4 said of birds of prey, csp. hawks,
in 10-17th cent.)
1 intr. to go on foot, walk Wiv. ii. i. 124 thieves elo
f. by night ; trans, to tread Lr. ill. iv. 123 Switliold
f-ed thrice the old ( = wold).
2 pass, to be settled or established H5 ii. iv. 143 he
is f-ed in this hind alreadi/, Lr. in. vii. 45 ; to be
laiuled Lr. in. iii. 14 (Qf( landid).
3 to kick Mer.V. i. iii. 119, Cym. in. v. 149.
4 to dutch Cym. v. iv. 116 the lioly eayle Stoop'd, as
to foot vs.
foot-cloth: large richly-ornanicnted cloth laid
over the back of a horse, &c., and hanging down
to the ground on each side 2H0 iv. vii. 62 ; attrib.
IV. i. 54, R3 in. iv. 83.
footing" (2 only S.)
1 step, tread Mer.V. v. i. 24, Troil. i. iii. 156, A'cn.
722; setf. (i) set foot, enter 2H6 in. ii. 87, H8
III. i. 182 ; (ii) gain a footing or firm position K2
II. ii. 48, IHO in. iii. 64, Troil. ii. ii. 155.
2 landing 0th. ii. i. 76.
3 dancing Tp. iv. i. I'-iS country footiny.
4 footprint Ven. 148 and yd nofoolin;/ seen.
5 surface for the foot, ground to walk on, foothold
W'int. in. iii. 114 there your charity would hnre.
lacked f., John v. i. 06, 1H4 i. iii. 193, K3 i. iv. 17
VpoH the i/iddyf. of the hatches, Troil. in. ii. 75.
foot-land-raker iS'.): footpad 1H4 ii. i. 81.
foot-licker : ' humble fawner' (J.) Tp. iv. i. 220.
footman (1 survives in Worcestershire dial.)
1 walker, pedestrian Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 09.
2 more fully 'running footman', a servant who ran
with his master's carriage Tit. v. ii. 55.
fop sb. : fool Lr. i. ii. 14. T] The mod. sense is post-S.
fop vb. : to fool, dupe 0th. iv. ii. 197 to find myself
fopt in it (mod. adil. fobbed -f).
foppery (2 cf. fop vb.)
1 folly Meas. i. ii. 143, Mer.V. il. v. 35 the sound of
shallow foppery, Lr. I. ii. 132.
2 dupery, deceit Wiv. v. v. 134.
foppish (not pre-S.) : foolish Lr. i. iv. 183 For wise
men are e/rown foppish.
for pref. (remarkable uses arc the foil.)
1 before AI^sW^ iv. iv. 3/oi- whose throne 'tis need-
ful . . . to liueel (mod. edd. 'foref).
2 for all -once for all Cym. n. iii. 111.
3 'in place of Ham. v. i. 252, Lucr. 1424 ; LLL. i. i.
279 the best tliat ever I heard.— Ay, the best for the
worst ; Cor. v. iv. 23 meak for, made to represent.
roB-
80
-rOBESTAX.!.'!)
4 in expressions denoting an amount statccd or an
object risked LLL. v. ii. 720 bead, for mij life .',
Slir. I. i. 193 for my hand, iii. i. 50 Aow, for iinj
life, lliehirice doth court wy lore. Ham. iii. iv. 2:5
Dead, for a ducnt, daid .' ; lience in plirasc witli
a negative, e.g. for my head or heart, to save my
life, Meas. iv. iii. 104 / ditre not for my head fill
wy belly Slir. I. ii. 3S I ... could not yet him for my
heart to do it.
5 bucausc of, on account of Gent. iv. i. 50 [banishtd]
from Mantua, for a genlkman, Vt'ho . . . I stnib'd,
"Sonn. xxvii. 14 For thee, and for myself no quiet
find, xcix. 6 The lily I condiiiined for thy hand.
6 in the cliaracter or quality of, as Meas. i. ii. 36
piled, for a French rehrt. Err. ii. ii. 192 I cross me
for a s»iMfr( = sinner tliat I am), v. i. 32 /. . . defy
thee for a villain, Lr. lit. iv. 56 to course his own
shadow for a traitor : so What is he for a fool 7 =
Wliat kind of a fool is he? Ado i. iii. 49 (cf.
German ' was fiir ein ? ').
7 in exclamations R2 iii. iii. 70 alack, for woe!, v.
ii. 75 God for his mercy :.
8 in spite of; as in plir. /or r(M = altliough Wiv. v.
V. 210, Cym. v. iv. 20S, Yen. 342.
9 as a precaution against, for fear of; always with
a gerund, e.g. Gent. i. ii. 133 here they shall not
he, for catchini; cold (-lest they catcli cold), 2H0
IV. i. 74, Troil'. i. ii. 292, Per. i. i. 40, Sonn. Iii. 4.
for conj. (obs. uses are as follows)
1 introducing subordinate clauses with two mean-
ings, (1) because Tp. i. ii. 272 And, for thou tcast
ei spirit too dilicate . . . she did confine thee, Otli. lir.
iv. 160 They are . . .jealous for they are jealous ;
also for that (freq.) and for because Wiiit. ir. i. 7,
John II. i. 588, I>2 v. v. 3; (2) in order that 3110
III. i. 9 And, for the time shall not seem tedious, I'll
till thee . . ., III. ii. 154.
2 for and, and moreover Hani. v. i. 101.
for-, prefix, spelt also/orf-, expresses prohibition,
neglect, destructive or injurious effect, &c. : sec
FORBEAR, FORBID, FORDO, FORSLOW, FORSPEAK,
FORWEARIED.
forag"e sb.: raging, ravening LLL. iv. i. 94.
forage vb.: to range abroad for food Jolin v. i. 59 ;
to glut oneself as a Avild beast, raven H5 1. ii. 110,
fig. Yen. 554.
forljear: toleavealone,witlidrawfrom theprcsence
of Lr. I. ii. 181, Ant. l. ii. 130, ii. vii. 45 F. me till
anon ; (hence) iiitr. to withdraw, retire Wint. v.
iii. 85 /"., Quit presently the chapel, Ant. v. ii. 174,
Cym. I. i. 68.
forbid vb.: with personal object and negative
clause Pilgr. ix. 8 [124] She. . . Forbade the boy he
shmiUl not pass those (/rounds.
forbid piile.: banned, cursed Mac. i. iii. 21.
forbiddenly : unlawfully "Wint. i. ii. 417.
forbidding : obstacle Liicr. 323.
force sb.: phrases -.—of force, (1) ofweiglit, weighty
1116 uf. i. 15(j those'occasions . . . were of f., 2H6 i.
iii. 106, 3H6 ii. ii. 44 on/innents of mii/htij /.; (2i
necessarily LLL. i. i. 146, MND. iii. ii. 40 Thai,
when he wak'd, of force she must be ei/ed, Wint. iv.
iii. [iv.] 436, lH4'ii. iii. 122, C.ics. iv. iii. 202 Cood
reasons ynust, off., yiic place to belter ;— /. perforce,
(1) by violent constraint, ai:ainst one's will John
III. i. 142, 2H4 IV. i. 116, ^2H6 I. i. 259; (2) of
necessity 2H4 iv. iv. 46.
force vb.' (4 common 10th cent, sense ; H5 ii. Chor.
32* /. rt play, by some referred to force vb.-, is
possibly corrupt)
1 to press home' urge Meas. iir. i. 108, H8 iii. ii. 2
If yon will now tniite in your complaints, And f.
Ihi in with a constancy. Cor. III. ii. 51, Comjil. 167.
2 to reinforce Mac, v. v. 6.
3 to attach importance to, care for Lucr. 1021 //.
not urqununt a straw; (hence) to hesitate to do
something LLL. v. ii. 441 Your oath once broke,
you force not to forswear.
force vb.2 : to stulf, farce Troil. ii. iii. 237 /. him
inlh praises, v. i. 04 malice f-d with nit.
fordo, f oredo : to kill, put an end to Ham. ii. i.
103, v. i. 243 F. its oirn life, Lr. v. iii. 257 she for-
d:d herself, Otli. v. i. 129".
fordone : exhausted M.ND. v. ii. 4 [i. 381].
fore adv.: before (of time) Sonn. vii. 11 The eyes,f.
dnleuus.
fore prep, (in mod. cdd. usually 'fore ; 1 and 2 late
exx. of the senses)
1 in the presence of ^Yint. iv. iii. [iv.] 403 Contract
iisf. these icitnesscs ; in asseverations Al^s^Y. ii.
iii. 61 F. God, I think so, Cor. i. i. 126 Fore me.
2 before (of time) Meas. ii. ii. 160 At any time f.
tioon. Cor. iv. vii. 3 the yrace fore meat.
3 in preference to IHO i. iii. 2i prizest himf. me?.
fore conj.: before AYint. v. i. 220, John v. i. 7.
fore-, preti.K, is used = (1) in front, front-, in f-
finyer All'sW. Ji. ii. 25, f-foot H5 ii. i. 71, /-
rank H5 v. ii. 97, f-runner Mer.Y. i. ii. 13(),
f-skirt H8 II. iii. 9S, f-spurrer Mer.V. ii. ix. 95 ;
(2) beforcliand, previously, pre-, in f-adciscd
Cor. II. iii. 199, f-benioancd Sonn. X.N.X. 11, /-
betrayed Conipl. 328, f-knowiny Ham. i. i. 134,
Yen. 245, f-knowledije Tw.N. i. v. 151, f-named
Meas. HI. i. 249, f-past All'sW. v. iii. 121, f-
recited H8 i. ii. 127, f-said Ham. i. i. 103, /-
Touched Lr. i. i. 223.
forecast : forethought, prudence 3H0 v. i. 42.
^ Still common in the midlands.
foredoom: to conlcnm beforehand Lr. v. iii. 293
Your eldest dauyhters have foredoom'd themselves
(Ft fore-done).
fore-end : early part Cym. m. iii. 73.
foregoer: predecessor AU'sW. ir. iii. 144.
foregone: gone by, past All'sW. i. iii. 142 daysf.,
Sonn. XXX. 9 yrievances f. % Otb. lii. iii. 429 /.
conclusion, a S. phrase, usually taken by the
commentators = previous experience (cf. con-
CxusioN 2), but used by mod. writers = (1) decision
formed before the case is fully argued or the
evidence known, or (2) result that might have
been foreseen as inevitable.
forehand adj.: /. shaft, arrow used for shooting
straight before one' 2H4 iii. ii. 62 ; done at an
earlier time Ado iv. i. 50 extenuate thef. sin ; — sb.
the f., the upper hand or advantage H5 iv. i. 300;
vanguard, mainstay (S.) Troil. i. iii. 143 The sinew
and the forehand of our host.
fore'iiorse : leader in a team ; fig. All'sW. ii. i. 30.
foreign: not of one's household or family (S.) Otli.
IV. iii. 91 they . . . pour our treasures into foreiyn
laps, Per. iv. i. 33 I love the king . . . 'With more
than foreiyn heart.
fore-nin : to be the precursor of Meas. v. i. 8, 1?2
II. iv. 15, Rom. V. i. 53 thowjht did but fore-run
my need.
fore-say: to decree Cym. iv. ii. HQastheyodsf. it.
forespent : previously bestowed Cym. ii. iii. (Ahis
yoodnessf. on ns ; past H5 ii. iv. 36 his vanities f.
ij Contrast FORSPENT.
forestall :
1 to deprive (a person) of something by jirevious
action Cym. iii. v. 69 may This niijhlf. htm of the
comi}ii) day.
2 to discount or condemn by anticipation Troil. I.
iii. 199 They . . . Forestall presci'ence,
forestall'd: 2H4 v. ii. 38 /. remission, (a) antici-
pated pardon, (b) pardon on conditions wbiclj
honour would piuvciit accepting.
FOBETEI.!.- i
foretell (2 in ficq. uso 1300-1680 ; once in S.)
1 to indicate bul'orcliand Wint. ii. iii. 198, Jolin v.
vii. 5, 3H6 ii. i. 43 tlioit, irliose lieavi/ looks/. Some
draulfid a/orij lianr/hig on llii) loiimte.
2 to tell bcloicliand Tp. iv. i. 149 As 1 ford old yoit.
forethought: piedestinud Jolin iii. i. 312 /'. hij
litaitn.
foreward: vanguard R3 v. iii. 294.
forfeit sb. (1 tlie oiig. sense)
1 bicacli, violation (of an obligation) Mcr.V. v. i.
252*, Koni. I. i. 103' Your lives shall ptiij the forfeit
of III e peace.
2 penal fine, penalty for breacli of contract, or
neglect of duty Mer.V. i. iii. 149, iv. i. 37, fioni.
I. iv. 112 some vile forfeit of wilimiljj death ; lig.
Cym. V. V. 209.
3 person lianded ever to tlie law or to death Mcas.
II. ii. 71 lour brother is a forfeit of the lair, iv. ii.
100, Troil. IV. V. 180* Despisiwj many forfeits and
subdntiHcnls.
4 lorfeituie, loss Meas. i. iv. 00, Mcr.V. iv. i. 212,
AllsW. III. vi. 3.3, 3H6 ii. i. 197 wiike f. oj his head.
forfeit vb. (rare use)-; intr. to fail to keep an obli-
gation Mcr.V. III. i. 55, 135.
forfeit pple.: lo.st by reason of breach of an obli-
gation or the lilce, to be given up as a penalty
Mcas. II. ii. 73, LLL. v. ii. 420, Mer.V. iv. i, 300;
/. to, liable to All's W. iv. iii. 210, Sonn. cvii. 4.
forfended: forbidden Lr. v. i. 11 ilief. place.
forget : to drop tlie practice of (a duty, &c.) Err.
III. ii. 1 you have quite fonjol A husband's office,
2H0 II. i. Wifon/ot Honour and virtue; with infin.
to forget how to do something Gent. iii. i. 85,
Meas. 1. ii. 41, 2H4 v. ii. 22 like men that hiidfor-
!/nt to s/ieak, 2H6 v. i. 101, Veil. 1001 her voice is
slojip'd, her joints fort/ei to bow.
forgetive: a S. word of uncertain formation,
commonly taken to be a derivative of the vb.
' forgo ' and = inventive, creative 2H4 iv. iii. 107
itpprehensiie, quick, fori/etive.
forgive: to remit (a debt), overlook the omission
of (a duty, liC.) Wiv. v. v. 184 F. that sum, LLL.
IV. ii. 15b //. thy duty, Mer.V. iv. i. 20, Tw.N. i.
V. 205 I forijive you the praise.
fork : only in transferred uses, of whicli 1 and 2 are
only S.: — (1) forked tongue (popularly supposed
lo be tlie sting) of a snake Meas. in. i. 10, Mac.
IV. i. 10 ; (2) barbed liead of an arrow Lr. i. i. 140 ;
(3) pi. lower limbs of tlic body Lr. iv. vi. 122.
forked (2 and 4 are common Eliz.)
1 cleft at the summit ^nt. iv. xii. [.xiv.] 5.
2 (of an arrow) barbed AYL. ii. i. 24.
3 two-legged Lr. lil. iv. Ill a poor, bare, f. ttHiiiial :
cf. 2H4 III. ii. 337 liken forked radish.
4 'horned', cuckolded Wint. r. ii. 180.
forlo'm ' : pa. pple. of ' foilcse ' = to bring to ruin,
confound Sonn. Music iii. 21 [Pilgr. 265] Love
hath forlorn mc.
forlorn- adj. {fo'rlom ov forlo'm ; cf. entire)
1 (?) the same sense as in ' forloi n liope ' Cyni. v.
V. 400 Thcf. soldier, that sonoblyfoiiijht. ^\ ' For-
lorne boies,' ' forlorne sentinels,' ' forloriie
fellowes'areexpressions found in tlie Eliz. period.
2 abandoned, forsaken, desolate, (hence) unhappy,
wretched (the usual sense).
3 of wretched appearance, meagre (S.) 2H4 in. ii.
339, Tit. II. iii. 94 The trees . . .forlorn and lean.
sb. forlorn person 3H0 iii. iii. 20.
form (tlie foil, are obs. uses ; 1 is a peculiarly S.
use of an old sense ; 2, 3 are not pre-S.)
1 image, likeness, portrait Gent. iv. iv. 205, Meas.
II. iv. 127, LLL. II. i. 235, John v. vii. 32 / am
a scribbled form, drawn with a pen, Sonn. ix. 6.
2 orderly arrangement, good oraer John in. iv. 101
— FORTH
/ will not keep thisf. upon my licad l\V;ru lliirc is
such disorder m my wit ; military formation 2H4
IV. i. 20 In yoodly form comes on the enemy.
3 behaviour, pi. manners Gent. v. iv. 56 chanye yon
lo a milder f, Tw.N. V. i. 302 cam'st . . . in suih
Jorm, tJBS. I. ii. 304 tie puts on this tardy form.
formal (tlie meaning is not always certain)
1 having regard to due form or propriety, cere-
monious, precise Shr. in. i.02 ^ire j/oitio/..', iv. ii.
C4/. in apparel. Ham. iv. v. 215/. ostentation.
2 extiemely regular or accurate, stiff, rigid AYL.
II. vii. 165 beard of f. cut*, Compl. 29 [liair} tied
in formal plat.
3 (?) conventional R3 iii. i. 82 thef. Vice, Iniquitij\
4 dignified 2H4 v. ii. 133 inf. majesty, Cce.s. n. i. 227
/. constancy ( = dignified self-possession).
5 normal or ordinary in intellect, sane Err. v. i.
105 (t /. man, Tw.N. it. v. 130 any f. capacitij
( = any one of a well-regulated mind), Ant. ii. v.
41 Mot like a formal man.
former (obs. use) : front, forward Cxs. v. i. 80.
formerly : just now Mer.V. iv. i. 303.
forsake (in H8 ii. i. 89* absol. app. = leave the body)
1 to decline, refuse All's W. ii. iii. 02, IHOiv. ii. 14
If you f. the offer of their love, 0th. iv. ii. 125 for-
sook so many noble matches.
2 to give up, renounce, reject Err. iv. iii. 19 and
bid you f. your liberty, Lucr. 1538 'It cannot be',
she in that sense forsook. And turn'd it thus.
for set: see faucet.
forslow: to delay 3H6 ii. iii. 50 (Ffi2 Forcslow).
forsooth: in truth, certainly ; used by low persons
as a phrase of honest asseveration ; implying
some contempt wlien used by well-bred persons
(Sdimidt).
forspeak: to speak against Ant. in. vii. 3.
forspent : worn out, exhausted 2H4 i. i. 37/. with
spud, 3H6 II. iii. 1 Forspent with toil.
forswear (also intr. and red. ' to swear falsely')
1 to abandon or renounce on oath Tp. iv. i. 91 Nir
and tier blind boy's scandat'd company I hare for-
sworn ; construed with intin. (only S.) Tw.N. iii.
iv. 279/. to wear iron about you. Cor. v. iii. 80 The
thinys I have forsworn to yrunt, Eom. i. i. 229 She
liatli forsicorn to love.
2 to deny or repudiate on oat h or witli strong words
Err. V. i. 11 that self chain . . . Which he forswore
. . . lo have, Shr. v. i. 113 deny him, f. him, 1H4 v.
ii. '^Sforsiiearine/ that he is forsworn.
fotted : fortified Meas. v. i. 12 A forted residence.
forth adv. (u.sed with/ic redundantly, in thus fur
f. Tp. I. ii. 177, 60 far f. Wiv. iv. vi. 11, how far
/. 2H4 IV. ii. 53)
1 forward (in movement or direction) Shr. iv. i.
149 .Is hef. walked on his way, H5 n. ii. 189* Then
/., dear countrymen, Tim. i. i. 50 flics an euijle
flight, bold andf. on, Cym. iv. ii. 149 Did make my
way long f. ( = made it seem long).
2 onwards," immediately afterwards and continu-
ously C*s. IV. iii. iSfrom this day forth.
3 in various contexts= out Meas. v. i. 249 hear this
mailer f.. Err. iv. iv. 97 wherefore didst thou lock
mef, Mer.V. i. i. 144 To find the other f., Shr. iv.
iii."62 Lay f. the gown, v. ii. 105 Swinge me them
soundly /., 3H6 ii. i. 12 how he singled Cliff'ordf,
Cor. I. iii. 99 1 will not f, Tit. v. iii! 133 beat/', our
brains, Otli. v. i. 10 f., mij sword ; similarly /. of
Tp. V. i. 100, R2 III. ii. 2(34, C.-es. ni. iii. 3.
4 abroad, not at home Wiv. ii. ii. 281 at that time.. .
her husband will bef.. Err. u. ii. 214 Say he dines
/., CiBS. I. ii. 294 I am promised forth.
5 (of a force) in the field, at sea Cor. i. iii. 108 The
Volsces have an urmyf.. Ant. iv. x. 12 [xi. 3j* his
best force Is forth to man his galleys.
P03TH— S
fortliprcp.: ontoiMND. i. i. \iA tilcdl /. (Iiij/a/liir s
houxr, Cor. I. iv. 23 issue/, their city. Ant. iv. x.
7 jnd /. tlip liriien ; similarly /ro)»/. (freq.) Wiv.
IV. iv. 5.5 Let tliem from fort li a sairjiit rush.
forthcoir.ing : ready to appear or to be pro Uiccl
wlieii ri'(|uirud, e.g. in court Slir. v. i. 95, 2HG i.
iv. 5ii, ir. i. 177.
forthright sb. (not prc-S.) : straigbt path Tp. iii.
iii. 3, I'rcjil. III. iii. 158.
fortitude (obs. use): physical or structural strength
nil) II. i. 17 his oini arm's/., 0th. i. iii. 222 the/.
of Hie pliire.
fortress: '[ildu. \.2(iGodisoiir/.\ cf. Psalmxxxi.3
anil Luther's ' Ein teste burg ist unser CJott.'
fortressed : protecte 1 /roin Lucr. 28 ; cf. Conipl. 9
/(irtified her lisiif/e/roiii the sun.
f jrtiine sb. (the chief obs. uses arc the foil.)
1 Iji/ f., by chance Mcr.V. ii. i. 34, AYL. i. ii. 48,
Otii. V. ii. 224, Sonn. xxxii. 3 ; ut f, at random
Oth. III. iii. 203.
2 chance, hap, accident Mer.V. t. i. 44, Shr. in. ii.
23 yVhutcicr/. staijs him/rom his nord, Oth. I. iii.
130 the buttles, sierjes, /-s That I tune piiss'd ; Cor.
IV. V. 99 to prove viore/s ( = to try the fortune of
war again).
3 pi. used = sing.: a person's possessions, wealth
Ado II. i. 310, Oth. v. ii. 365 seize upon the /-s o/
tlie Monr.
fortune vb. (occurs twice ; 1 late ex. of this scn.sc)
1 to regulate the fortunes of Ant. I. ii. 79.
2 to happen Gent. V. iv. 109.
forty (1 very common in Eliz. dramatists)
1 used inletinitely to express a large number Err.
IV. iii. 84 north /. diirnts, Cor. m. i. 242 / could
halt /. o/ tluiii, fsonn. ii. 1 When /. tvititcrs slnill
hcsie'/e till) broil' ; so /. tliousnud Wiut. iv. iii. [iv.]
279, ■R2 III. ii. 85 (Ff Q-, ; others ticenly). Ham. v.
i. 291, Oth. III. iii. 443. [iii. 89.
2 /. pnice, A customary amount for a wager H8 ii.
forward (1 not prc-S.; the meanings 'early',
' really, prompt', ' precocious', ' pert, bold ' occur)
1 situated at the front Tp. ii. ii. 98 His /. voice,
All'sW. III. ii. 110 M'hocvcr chari/es OH liis/. breast,
V. iii. 39 /.et's talie tlie instant by tlie /orimrd. top.
2 eager, ardent, zealous R2 iv. i. 72 How /ondlij dost
thou spur a f. horse, 2H4 i. i. 173, R3 iii. ii.' 46/.
Ipon his p'lrly, H8 iv. i. 9, Tit. i. i. 50.
forwearied: tlioroughly exhausted John ir. i. 2.33.
foster (gen. sense ' cherish ' occurs four times)
1 to feci Cym. ii. iii. 119/-'rf with cold dishes.
2 to bring up as a foster-child, be a foster-parent
to John V. ii. 75 ii lion/-'d itp at hand, Tit. il. iii.
\:A /lister /orlorn chddren. Per. IV. iii. 15. [12.
fo3ter-iiur3e(notpre-S.) : AYL. ii. iii. 40, Lr. iv. iv.
foul 1 1 it ten merely a strong epithet of condemnation
or disgust ; 1 very freq., and in most midland and
northern dials, the chief current sense ;/.]ilay~
unfair dealing Tp. i. ii. 60, Ham. i. ii. 255 is not
pre-Eliz.)
1 ugly LLL. IV. iii. 87, 115 iv. Clior. 21 f. and w/li/
nileh, 2110 v. i. 157, Otli. it. i. Ill, Yen. 133 hard-
favour'd, foul.
2 unattractive, ytoor in (luality Troil. i. iii. 359 Let
lis like merchants show our /oldest irures.
3 stormy Tp. ii. i. 148 [141], John iv. ii. 108 .So /.a
shy, Oth. II. i. 34, Yen. 456 Gusts and /oul flans.
4 grossly abnsive Meas. v. i. 304 in /. mouth . . , To
call him villain ; cf. /nnl-sjwken Tit. ll. i. 58.
6 harsh, rough H5 ii. i. 59' 1/ yon grow/, with me,
Yen. 573 Foul irords and/roirns.
fonlly: shame fully, disgracefully, wickedly All'sW.
V. iii. 155, Mac. iii. i. 3; imuurely Meas. ii. ii.
174; insultingly lH4r. iii. 154.
foulness: moiul impurity, wickedness Ado iv. i.
i - FRANKLIN
155, IlK III. ii. 184, Lr. I. i. 230; ugliness AYL.
iir. iii. 42, iii. v. (>0.
foundation: Ado v. i. 334 [327] God .inve the /..',
said to be a formula used on receiving alms at
a liouse of charity.
founded : solid, steady Mac. in. iv. 22/ as the rock.
founder (2 rare tig. use of the nautical sense)
1 to cause (a horse) to break down or go lame Tp.
IV. i. 30 Phoebus' steeds are/-'d, 2H4 iv. iii. 39.
2 to come to grief, be wrecked H8 in. ii. 40.
four : used like the Fr. ' quatre ' for an indefinite
number, large or small according to the circum-
stances (cf. FOKTY) Tw.N. I. iii. 115 it's /. to one,
^Yint. V. ii. 155 [148] any time tliese/. hours, 1H4
II. ii. 14 1/Itravil but/, '/oot, H5 v. i. 43 / will peat
his pale/, days. Cor. i. ii. 6 'Tis not/, days yone,
Ham. II. ii. 100 he wallcs /. hours toi/elher (mod.
odd. incorrectly/o)'t). Ant. ii. vii. 109 1 had rather
/ast/rom all /. days. T] Freq. in Eliz. writers.
four-inched: four inches wiclc Lr. in. iv. 55.
foutra, foutre: contemptuous expression 2H4 v.
iii. 100 .1 / /or the world, 118 (Q /owtre, Ff/ootrn).
fox' : type of ingratitude Lr. i. iv. 342, in. vi. 25,
&c.; so foxship, ingratitude Cor. iv. ii. 18.
fox-: kind of sword H5 iv. iv. 9. T] Tlie wolf on
some makes of sword-blade is supposed to have
been mistaken for a fox.
fracted : broken H5 n. i. 130 His heart is /., Tim.
n. i. 22 my reliances on Ins fractid dates.
fraction (2 not pre-.S. in this gen. sense)
1 discord, dissension, rupture Troil. ii. iii. 108.
2 fragment Troil. v. ii. 155, Tim. ii. ii. 221.
fragment : applied to a person as a term of con-
tempt (S.) Troil. V. i. 9, Cor. i. i. 228.
frame sb. (the sense of ' picture frame ' is not pre-
ss., used fig. in Sonn. xxiv. 3)
1 ' framing ', contrivance Ado rv. i. 191 toil in /.
o/ villanies.
2 structure, form "SVint. ii. iii. 102* The very mould
and/. 0/ hand, nad, finger \ (lience) constitution,
nature, 'mould' Meas. v. i. 61, AU'sAV. iv. ii. 4,
Tw.N. I. i. 33 a heart o/ tliat fine/., Tim. i. i. 70.
3 established order, plan, system Ado iv. i. 130"
Chid I /or that at /rugal nature's/.?, Mac. ni. ii.
16* let the frame o/ things disjoint.
4 definite form or order LLL. ni. i. 201 [193] Still
a-repairing, ever out o//.. Ham. in. ii. Z2^ put your
discourse into some/rame.
5 structure of parts fitted together Ham. v. i. 47.
6 applied to the earth 1H4 in. i. 16, Ham. ii. ii.
317 [310].
7 the huiuan body Meas. ii. iv. 1.34, 1H6 n. iii. 54,
Sonn. lix. 10 this composed wonder of your /raine.
frame vb. (1 survives in Y'orkshire dial.)
1 to direct one's steps, go Per. i. Gower 32.
2 to cause, produce, bring to pass 2H4 iv. i. 180
which God .w f.;, 2H6 v. ii. 32 Fear /-s disorder,
Pilgr. vii. 15 [99].
frampold : disagreeable "VYiv. n. ii. 95.
franchise (S. u.ses) : pi. lilicrties, privileges Cor.
IV. vi.87 Your /-s...ron fill' d Into anaiigei's bore;
free exercise Cym. jii. "i. 57 remiir and /ranchise
[of the laws].
franchis'd : free Mac. ii. i. 28 keep My bosom /.
frank sli. : enclosure for hogs, sty 2114 n. ii. 160.
frank a Ij. (1 is obs. ; 2 now somewhat arcliaic)
1 unrestrained AU'sNY. n. iii. 61 thij f. election.
2 liberal, bounteous Al^s^Y. r. ii. 20, Cor. in. i. 129,
Oth. in. iv. 45, Sonn. iv. 4.
3 0])cn, undi.sguised Oth. i. iii. 38, in. iii. 195 ; out-
spoken 115 I. ii. 244.
franked up : shut up in a sty E3 i. iii. 314, &c.
franklin: freeliokUr ; orig., in 14-15th cent., the
name of a class of landowners, of free but not
rBANKLY -
noble birth, and ranking next below the gentiy
Wint. V. ii. 181 [173] boors andf-s, 1H4 ii. i. OU,
Cyni. III. ii. 78 no costlier tlutn uoidd fit A f-'s
huuseivife.
frankly :
1 freely, without rcstiaint or constraint, unre-
strictedly Troii. V. viii. I'.i, Tim. ii. ii. 18>J.Vt«
and min's fortunes could I /. une, Ham. iii. i. iJ4
We may of their oianinter f. judi/e, v. ii. 2ii7.
2 generously, unreservedly Meas. ill. i. 104, Tit. i.
i. 4:20, Oth. II. Iii. 301 to uinke me f. despise myself.
3 openly, without disguise H8 ii. i. 81, Troil. i. iii.
•2b.i SiHiikf. nsllie ii-nul, Mac.l.iv.5f. he confess' d.
fraud: faithlessness Gent. ii. vii. 78, Ado ii. iii. 70
Th( f. of iiK 11 H as erer so, 1H6 IV. iv. 36, Yen. 1141.
fraught sb.; Ircight, cargo Tw.N. v. i. IJ5, 'lit. i. i.
"(I ; tig. load (>tlKiii.iii.450,s'/(y//, bosum,aiththyf.
fraught vb.: to lua<l (fig.) Oym. i. i. liJti.
fraug'ht iiple.: laden, loacied, fig. stored, filled
Oeiit. 111. ii. 10 full f. ivith siriiciulilc loivs, Mer.V.
II. viii. 30 A vessel . . . richly f., AVint. iv. iii. [iv.]
527 sof. iril/i curious busnuss, H5 ii. ii. 13'.", Troil.
PkiI. 4, Lr. I. iv. 243.
fraughtage : cargo Err. iv. i. 88.
fraughted: fraught Sonn. Music iii. 26 [Pilgr. 270].
fraughting: forming tlie cargo Tp. i. ii. 13.
frayed: friglitened Troil. in. ii. 32.
freckled: spotted Tp. i. ii. 283 Af. ichilp, H5 v. ii.
49 Thef. coivslip (cf. MKD. ii. i. 13).
free adj. (the foil, arc the chief obs. senses)
1 of noble or lionourable character, generous,
magnanimous Tw.N. i. v. 281, H8 ni. i. b\)Likcf.
and honest men, Troil. i. iii. 235, iv. v. 138, Otli.
II. iii. 328 of so f., so kind ... a disposition, in. iii.
199 your free and noble nature.
2 guiltless, innocent AYL. ii. vii. 85, Tw.N. i. v.
98, Wint. I. ii. 113, 251, ii. iii. 30, H8 ill. i. 32 r(.v
/. a sont, Ham. ii. ii. 598 [590] Make mad the
i/idltyaiidajj/Hilthef., iii. ii. 255, Gth. in. iii. 265.
free vb. (2 a rare sense ; cf. Komans vi. 7)
1 to secure from Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 440 we f. thee
From the dead blow of it.
2 toclear from blame orstain, absolve, acmiitAV int.
III. ii. 112 nunc honour, Which I tiould f., H8 li.
iv. 155, Cor. iv. vii. 47, Ham. v. ii. 250 /•'. me so
far in your most yenerous thowjhts, Luir. 1208.
3 to get rid of, banish Mac. in. vi. 35 K from our
feasts- . . . bloody knnes, Cym. in. vi. 79 ; to obtain
remission of (a sin) Tp. Epil. 18.
freedom :
1 at f, freely, at liberty Tp. iv. i. 268 thou Shalt
liaie the air at f, Cym. in. iii. 71 lie'd at honest f.
2 ease H8 v. i. 103* I'oii cannot with such f. puryt
ijoursclf.
3 privilege, franchise Mer.V. in. ii. 279 thef. of the
stale, iv. i. 39 your charter and your city's f.. Cor.
n. i. 207 Dispropirtud their f-s\ tin. Wint. i. i. 12,
Sonn. xlvi. 4.
free-hearted: liberal Tim. in. i. 10.
freely: in freedom, with absolute possession of
one's privileges, ic. Mer.V. in. li. 250 / must f.
have the half. . . ., Tw.N. l. iv. 39 thou shall live as
f. as thy lord. To call his fortunes thine. ^1 The
more usual meanings are ' unreservedly, readily,
willingly', 'frankly, openly', 'without hin-
drance', 'generously, liberally.'
freeness: liberality Cym. v. v. 422.
freestone-coloured: of the colour of Bath brick
AYL. IV. iii. 20.
French: LLL. m. i. 9 F. braid (see brawl sb.);
Wiv. I. iii. 91 F. thrift . . . myself and skirted paye ;
'Frencli pages were the fashion at this period,
and the discarding of the excess of serving-men
is commonly alluded to ' (H. C. Hart).
89 - rBIENDSUIP
French crown : the French coin called 'ecu ' LLL.
111. i. 149, 2H4 111. ii. 240/om>- harry ten shillinqs
in F. c-s, H5 iv. i. 246, 2H6 iv. ii. 170 ; with imii
on tlie sense 'top of the liead' and with refer-
ence to the baldness produced by 'the Fnnch
disease' Meas. l. ii. 55, MNU. i. ii. 100, All'sW.
11. ii.'24; comp. /'.-co/otir, yellowish MND. I. ii. 98.
frequent adj. (twice only in S.)
1 addicted to Wint. IV. i. [ii.] 30.
2 familiar ivitli iionn. cxvii. 5.
frequent vb.: to resort to a place R2 v. iii. 0.
fresh sb.; siring of fresh water Tp. in. ii. 77,
fresh adj. (1 cf. 'freshman ' at a university)
1 raw, inexperienced John in. iv. 145.
2 invigorating, refreshing Oth. iv. iii. 45* The f.
straims, Cym. v. iii. 71 /. cttps, soft bids, Sweet
words, Compl. 213 The deep-cjreen emerald, in whose
frisk rcijard . , .
3 cool 3H0 n. V. 49* afresh tree's shade.
4 blooming, looking liealthy or youthful Tp. iv. i.
137, t-ln: iv. V. 29, Otli. ii. iii. 20, Ven. 104.
5 ready, eager H8 l. i. 3* a fresh admirer.
fresh-fish: novice H8 ii. iii. 80.
freshly: newly, recently Tp. v. i. 236*/. bihild
tiir . . . i-hip (or?=beheld our ship renovated);
anew, afresh Meas. i. ii. 181, Cym. v. iv. 143;
with undiminished intensity H5 iv. iii. 55/. rc-
iiiimhind, H8 v. iii. 31/ pitiid in our memories;
healthily, bloomingly AYL. ill. ii. 244, H5 iv.
Clior. '.i'.t freihly looks.
fret sb. : in instruments of the guitar kind, (former-
ly) a ring of gut (now a bar of wood) (ilaced on
the finger-board to regulate the fingering Lucr.
1140.
fret vl). ' : to make or form by wearing away K2 ill.
iii. 107, Lr. i. iv. 309 /(v/ ihainuls in hir cheeks.
fret vb." : to i.dorn (a ceiling) with carved or em-
l)ossed work in decorative jiatterns Cyui. n. iv. 88
Tin: roof o' the chamber With i/oldin chirubiiis is
frilled ; fig. Ham. n. ii. 3':0 [313) ; to clie<|uer
C«s. n. i. 104 yon ijrey lines That frit the clinuls.
fret vb.^: to furnish (a guitar, &c.) with frets;
quibblingly in Ham. in. ii. 395 [388] though you
can fret me, you cannot play upon me.
fretful (not pre-S. in either sense)
1 eating away 2H6 in. ii. 403 a fretful co'rrosive,
2 peevish, ill-tempered, impatient 1H4 in. iii. 13,
Ham. 1. v. 20, Lr. in. i. 4.
friar : member of any of certain religious orders
founded in the 13th cent, and afterwards, of
whidi the chief were the Franciscans or Grey
Friars, the Augustines or Austin Friars, the
Dominicans or Black Friars, the Carmelites or
White Friars ; in Shr. iv. i. 148 It was the f. of
orders r/rey is a fragment of a lost ballad.
friend sb. (in the ordinary sense the foil, plirases
occur : atf., tof. = afi a friend, friendly, on one'a
side ; be or hold f-s with, malcef-s to)
1 ])1. relatives, kinsfolk, ' people ' Gent. I. i. 64, in.
I. 100 she . . . is promis'd by her f-s i'nto a youthful
i/inlleman, Meas. i. ii. 161, AY'L. I. iii. 65, R2 i.
iv. 22, Tit. V. i. 130 ; occas. sing. IHG v. iv. 9.
2 like Fr. 'ami', 'amie' = lover, sweetheart Wiv.
III. iii. 125, Ado v. ii. 75, LLL. v. ii. 40.5, Oth. iv.
3, Ant. in. X. [xii.] 22, Cym. i. iv. 79 her adorn;
not her friend.
3 used as adj. = friendly Ctes. v. iii. 18.
friend vb.: to befriend, assist Meas. iv. ii. 110, H5
IV. V. 17, H8 1. ii. 140 Xotf-ed by his wish, Cym. n.
iii. 52 ; absol. Troil. I. ii. 82 time must f. or end.
friending: friendliness Ham. i. v. 185/(/.v lore and f.
friendship: friendly act, favour, friendly aid
Mel■.\^ I. iii. 109. Wint. iv. i. [ii.] 22 the heapiiiy
f-s, Tim. IV. iii. 70 whatf. may I do thee ?, Lr. ni.
FRIEZE -
ii. 62 a hovel ; Some f. will it lend you 'ijainsl the
tempest, Otli. iii. iii. 21.
frieze, frize: kind of coarse woollen cloth witli
a nap Wiv. v. v. 150, Otli. il. i. 12(5 iQq freeze).
frippery : place where cast-off clothes are sold
Tp. IV. i. 228.
fritters : nuike fritters of, liasli up Wiv. v. v. 155.
fro = from Kom. "iv. i. 75, Cyni. v. v. 202. [iii. 184.
frolic : merry MND. v. ii. 17 [i. 394] ; adv. Slir. iv.
from prep, (the chief obs. uses are)
1 among, fiom among AU'sW. ii. i. 1.30 entreatiwj f.
your royal thoitrjhis A modest one, Tim. i. ii. iiO
7rliy hnve you that cli(irit<(hle title from ttionsnnds?.
2 away from, apart from ; at variance witli, not in
accordance with, alien to ; otherwise than, in a
diffe lent way from Mer.V. iii. ii. 192 you c((>i nisli
none ( = no joy)/, me, 1H4 iii. ii. 31, H5 iv. vii.
W:i quite f. the answer of his de.f/ree, C»s. I. iii. 35
Clciiu f. the purpose, 64 f. quality and kind, u. i.
196, Mac. III. i. 100, Haiii. iii. ii. 24, 0th. i. i. 132
/. the sense of all civility. Ant. ii. vi. 30 /. the
present ( = not to the purpose liis hand), Cym. i.
iv. 18, Lucr. 341 Sof. himself impiety hath in-ouyhl.
from adv.: away Tim. iv. iii. 404 the fallnuj-f. of his
fnniits (mod. eM. falliny-ofi).
front sb. (1 the usual S. sense)
1 forehead, (hence) face John ir. i. 356 these royal
f-'s, li'i I. i. 9 siHOoth'dhis wrinkled f., Mac. iv. iii.
231 ; transf. 1H4 m. i. 14 /. of hedien (cf. Lr. ir.
ii. Hi flickering J'hcebus' f.), H5 I. Clior. 21 ; phr.
Otli. I. iii. 80 head andf. of my offendiwj, iii. i. 62
To take the saf'st occasion by the front.
2 foremost line of battle 3H.G i. i. 8, Cor. i. vi. 8
(with pun on sense 1), Ant. v. i. 44.
3 first period, beginning Wint. iv. iii. [\v.]3 April's
/., Sonn. cii. 7 summer's front.
front vb.: to march in the front rank (S.) H8 i. ii.
42 / . . . front hut in that file . . .
frontier: outwork in fortification 1H4 ir. iii. 57
]i(disadoes, f-s, parapets; fig. i. iii. 19 The moody
f. of a servant brow (cf. H5 in. i. 10); frontier
lortress or town Ham. iv. iv. 16.
frontlet: band worn on the forehead; fig. with
ref. to a frowning visage Lr. i. iv. 210 what makes
that frontlet on?.
frosty : characteristic of old age 2H6 v. i. 167 the f.
head. Tit. V. iii. 77 my frosty siyns.
froth: to make drink irotliy; fig. Wiv. I. iii. 14
J,et me see thee froth and lime.
fruit (1 not a common use in S. or elsewhere)
1 dessert Ham. ii. ii. 52 thefriiit to that yreat feast.
2 otlspring 3H6 iv. iv. 24 King Kdwaril'sf., H8 v. i.
20, Lucr. 1064, Sonn. xcvii. 10.
fruitful (sense 1 is rare outside S.)
1 abundant, copious Meas. iv. iii. 165 one/, meal,
Tim. v. i. 155 a lecoiiipcnse more f., Ham. i. ii. 80.
2 generous, liberal H8 i. iii. 56, Oth. ii. iii. 350.
frilitfully : copiously, fully All's AV. n. ii. lb you
iindiystand me?— Most f., Lr. iv. vi. 271 f. offered.
fruitf Illness : liberality (S.) Oth. iii. iv.'39.
fruitless: barren, not producing offspring, un-
fertile MND. I. i. 73 the coldf. moon, Mac. ni. i. 61
a fruitless crown, Ven. 751 fruitless chastity.
frush : to smash, batter Troil. v. vi. 29.
frustrate vb.: toannul 3H6ii. i. 175 Tof.... hisoath.
frustrate pplc.: frustrated Ant. v. i.^* ; vain Tp.
HI. iii. 10 Onr frustrate search. |146.
f rutify : comic blunder for 'notify' Mer.V. ii. ii.
fiib: see FOB 2H4 n. i. 39.
fulfil (1 the earliest sense)
1 to lill full, fill up LLL. IV. iii. 364 f//a»v7// itself f-s
the law, Lucr. 1258 [women] so fulfill'd With men's
abuses, Sonn. cxxxvi. 5/. the treasure of thy love.
2 to execute, perform 1H6 in. ii. 133, Lucr. 1635.
90 - FURROW
fulfilling: suitable, complementary Troil. Prol. 18.
full sb. phrases : — atf., (1) fully, completely Meas.
I. i. 43 be thou atf. ourself; (2) at length Err. i. i.
122 dilate eitf., H5 il. iv. 140 know our mindatf.,
Ham. IV. iii. 66 ; (3) at the period or moment of
fullness LLL. v. ii. 215 ^oA- the moon atf.. Ant. iii.
ii. 49 at f. of tide ; — in the f., with full complement
Troil. IV. v. 271 -—to the f., (1) fully All'sW. I. iii.
199, 2H6 I. ii. 84 ; (2) to its full state Ant. ii, i. 11
tt will come to tlief, Troil. iii. iii. 242 to my f. of
view (=to my eye's complete satisfaction).
full adv.: freq. in the senses (1) fully, quite : (2)
very, exceedingly.
full-acorn'd : fed full on acorns Cym. n. v. 16.
fuUani: kind of false dice loaded at the corner
Wiv. I. iii. 92.
fuller : one who cleanses cloth H8 i. ii. 33.
full-gorg'd: craiunKil full with foodShr. iv. i. 194.
full-hearted: full otcdiiiage Cym. v. iii. 7.
fullness: repletinn,s:UictySonn. lvi.6; abundance
Cyni. III. vi. 12 To lapse in fullness.
fully : to satiety Cor. i. ix. 11, Lr. iii. v. 22.
fulsome (1 a S. use ; the rest are obs.)
1 (?) lustful Mer.V. i. Vn. HI fulsome ewes.
2 cloying, Avearisome Tw.N. v. i. 113/ to mine ear.
3 offensive to the senses, physically disgusting
John III. iv. 32/. dust, R3 v. iii. 1'S.i fulsome ivine.
4 morally foul, filthy Oth. iv. i. 37.
fumble: to wrap up clumsily Tit. iv. ii. 59; fig.
Troil. IV. iv. 46.
fume : to be clouded with fumes of liquor Ant. ii.
i. 24 Keep his brain fuming.
fumiter (mod. edd.): the plant Fumaria Lr. iv. iv.
3 (Qq femiter, Ff incorrectly h'enitar) ; also fumi-
tory "(mod. edd.) H5 V. li. 45 (most old edd.
Jihutary).
fimction (the usual meaning is 'office, employ-
ment ', 2 not pre-S.)
1 activity, action (of the faculties') Mac. i. iii. 140/.7,v
smother'd in surmise. Ham. ii. i i. 590 [682] /(('* whole f.
2 particular kind of activity or operation, (i) of a
physical organ MND. in. ii. 177 J>ark vight, that
from the eye his f. takes: (ii) of intellectual or moral
powers Oth. ii. iii. 857 Even as her appetite shall
play the god With his weak function.
funeral (1 a 16-17tli cent, use)
1 pi. obsequies Tit. i. i. 381, Ca3S. v. iii. 105.
2 death Per. n. iv. 32.
furlong : thousand f-s opposed to an acre Tp. i. i.
70, Wint. I. ii. 95.
furnace : to exhale as from a furnace Cym. r. vi. 06
f-s The thick sighs. IJSo used by Chapman.
furnish (the construction/, inth also occurs)
1 to supply with what is necessary, equip, lit out
Mer.V. II. iv. 9 we have two hours Tof. ii.v, 1H6 iv.
i. 39 He then that is notf-'d in this sort. Ant. i. iv.
77 I shall be furnish'd to inform you rightly.
2 to dress, also to decorate, embellish Ado in. i.
103 Which IS the best tof me, AYL. in. ii. 260 f-d
like a hunter, Rom. iv. ii. 3Q ornaments . . . tof. me
to-morrow.
3 /. forth = sense 1 (S.) 2H4 i. ii. 255 lend we n
'thousand pound to f. me forth. Ham. l. ii. 181 /.
forth the marriage tables ;— /. out, to provide for
Tim. in. iv. Ill not so much left to f. out A moderate
tabic.
furnishings: unimportant appendages, mere
externals Lr. in. i. 29.
furniture: fitting out, equiyiping, provision 1H4
in. iii. 224 Money andordcr for their f; equipment
Slir. IV. iii. 182 this poor f. and mean array, 2H6
I. iii. 172; trappings, harness All'sW. n. iii. 05.
furrow: arable or ploughod land Tp. iv. i. 135;
lance furrow-weed (S.) i^r. iv. iv. 3.
furse : Tp. i. i. 72 (Ft/)(().s), iv. i. ISO {Ffjiries).
further : more distant or remote H8 ii. iv. 2:J0 lill
/. (Idij, Lr. V. iii. 54 To-morrow, or alf. space [—vo
/nrllirr = no furtlier business Cor. I'l.iii. 181.
fury (tlio ordinary senses are freq.)
1 inspired frenzy, poetic 'rage' LLL. iv. iii. 229,
Otii. III. iv. 73^1 xibyl . . . hi licr prn/ihe/ic/., Sonn.
c. 3 Spend' st thou tliy f. on some irorlli/ess soiuj ?.
2 oneoftlie avenging deities, dread goddesses witli
snal<es twined in tl:eir liair, sent from Tartarus
to aven£?c wrong and punisli crime Ado i. i. 200
|19:!], MND. V. i. 291, 3Hr> i. iii. 31, R3 i. iv. 57,
Tit. v. ii. 82, Ant. ll. v. 40.
fiistian :
1 coarse clotli made of cotton and flax Slir. iv. i. 49
the seriinfj-uieti in their neiofiislinn.
2 (a) bombastic language, rant, (b) gibberish, non-
sense Otli. ir. iti. 284*.
3 as adj.: bombastic, ridiculously pompous Tw.N.
ir. v. 120, 2H4 n. iv. 202.
fustilarian : (?) comic formation on tlie word
' lustilugs ' = fat frowzy woman 2H4 ii. i. 08.
G
graberdine: loose upper garment Tp. ii. ii. 41.
gad; sliarp spike ; applied to a stylus 'lit. iv. i. 103
/ . . . nilli a yad of steel, will write these iioids ;
phrase upon the f/nil, suddenly Lr. I. ii. 26 All this
done I'ponthey.! (cf. 'on the spurof the moment).
gag'e sb.
1 pawn, pledge, security ; in phr. lay to g., to put
in pawn Lucr. 1351.
2 pledge (usu. a glove thrown on the ground) of
a person's appearance to do battle in support of
his assertions, challenge R2 i. i. 69, &c., iv. i. 34
ni>i fi. . . . in (J. to thine, 86 )Y.s/ under (jnge, 105.
gfage vb. (3 a sense peculiar to S.)
1 to pledge, stake, risk Ham. i. i. 91 a woictij com-
petent ]Y((s f/-d by our king, Lucr. UAonejorull,
or eill for one ive gage.
2 to bind as by oath or promise 1H4 i. iii. 173 7)/(Z
e/iige them both in iin itnjust belnilf, 'I roil. v. i. 40.
3 to entangle in Mer.V.' i. i. 131' the f/renl debts
Wherein my tune . . . Httth hft me guged.
g°aiii (the folL uses aie app. only S.)
1 to acquire (a language) 2H4 iv. iv. 69.
2 to restore Cym. iv. ii. 167 to gain his colour.
3 to give victory to Cym. ti. iv. 59.
g'ain-g'iving : misgiving Ham. v. ii. 227.
g'ainsay : to forbid (S.) Troil. iv. v. 131.
gainsaying': refusal SVint. i. ii. 19 I'll nog.
gainst, in mod. edd. usually 'gainst: used in the
various senses of 'against', the temporal mean-
ing being least usual ; = against 2 Slir. ii. i. 309
[3i7] I/, the ireddnif/dai/, K2 v. ii.06(Qq2-5 nr/ainst),
Rom.' III. V. 154 ; ^against 3 Tit. v. ii. 206 (Qq
ai/iiinst). Ham. l. i. IbS gainst thai season comes.
gait : walking, going forward Wiv. i. iv. 31, MN1>.
V. ii. 46 [i. 423] take his g. ( = go his way), Tw.N.
I. iv. 15 address thij g. {- go), in. i. 94 irilk g. and
entrance, H8 iii. ii. 117 fast g., Lr. iv. vi. 243 go
your g.: fig. proceeding Ham. I. ii. 31 to su2>press
/lis further gait herein.
Galen (old edd. also C((//«n = mediaeval Latin
'Galienus', Gallen, Gallon): celebrated physician
of the 2nd cent. A.n., AU'sW. ii. iii. 12. Cor. ii. i.
130 the most sorereii/n prescription in G.\ (hence
gen.) a physician Wiv. ii. iii. '29 Vfhat says my
Jisc7ihipins? my Galen ?.
gallsb.: spirit to resent injury or insult 0th. iv.
iii. 95 ive hare gnlls.
gall vb. (orig. sense ' make sore by chafing ' and fig.
' liarass, annoy ' occur ; 2 'm only S.)
91 - GABBOII.
1 to graze with a weapon, to wound, hurt Shr. v.
ii. 60, John iv. iii. 94, H8 in. ii. 208, Tit. iv. iii.
70, Ham. iv. vii. 147.
2 to scotf at H5 v. i. 78.
gallant sb. (2 a courteous mode of address)
1 man of fashion and ideasure, fine gentleman Ado
ni. iv. ^ all the gallants of the toiin, 0th. n. iii. 31.
2 pi. used as a vocative- gentlemen Ado in. ii. 15,
1H4 11. iv. 310, 1H6 in. ii. 41.
3 ladies' man, lover Wiv. ii. i. 22.
gallant adj. (orig. = ' showy in appcaranfc,'sm.Trt ')
1 loosely used as a gen. epithet of praise -e.xcel lent,
splendid.fine AYL. I. w.VlO A g . curtle-(o:e, AVint.
I. i. 42 (i (/. cliild, Ca?s. iv. ii. 24 r/. sliow ; of a ship
r. noble, stately Tp. v. i. 237.
2 chivalrous, lull of nob'e daring (the common S.
use) 1H4 IV. iv. 2%fjidlant warriors.
gallantry (once) : body of gallants Troil. in. i. 151.
gallant-springing: 'growing up in beauty'
(.Schmidt) R3 i. iv. 230//., brarc I'luntai/enet.
galled': (a) irritated, (b) full of gall, rancorous
Troil. V. X. 55* Some gitlhel goose of Winchester.
galled^: sore from chafing Ham. in. ii. 256///? r/.
j(ale ; fretted with salt water H5 in. i. 12 a g. rock,
Lucr. 1440 the g. shore ; with tears R3 iv. iv. 53,
Ham. I. ii. 155 Iter galhd eyes.
galley: low flat-built sea-going vessel with one
deck, formerly used in the Mediterranean, Shr.
II. i. 373 [381].
Gallia: Gaul, France H5 v. i. 94 m the G. wars,
1H6 IV. vii. 48.
Gallian : French 1H6 v. iv. 1.39, Cym. i. vi. 06.
galliard: quick and lively dance in triple time
Tw.N. I. iii. 129, H5 i. ii. 252.
galliass: heavy low-built vessel, larger ilian a
galley, employed in war Shr. ii. i. 372 [.380].
gallin aufrey : medley, jumble Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
337 11 g. of gambols ; promiscuous assemblage
Wiv. II. i. 117 He lores the gain nam frey.
gallop : false g., canter (fig.) Ado in. iv. 94, AYL.
III. ii. 120 This is the very false gallop of rerses.
gallow : to frighten Lr. lii. ii. 44. ^ Now dial.
usually in the form 'galley', but 'gallow' is used
in south-west midl.
gallowglasses : soldiers or retainers formerly
maintained by Irish chiefs 2H0 iv. ix. 20, Mac.
I. ii. 13.
gallows (with additional pi. suffi.K gallowses Cym.
V. IV. 213) : one deserving to be h;inged, gallows-
bird Tp. I. i. 34, LLL. v. ii. 12.
gambol: as adj. sportive, playful 2H4 n. iv. 273.
game (the loll, are absolute meanings)
1 fun, sport LLL. v. ii. 155, 361 pleasant game, MND.
I. i. 240 As irai/i/ish boys in ipniic . . .
2 amorous play Troil iv. v. 63, Otli. n. iii. 19.
3 sport derived fiom the chase LLL. iv. ii. 174,
3H6IV. v. 11.
ganrester (thrice in the sense 'gambler')
1 frolicsome person AYL. I. 1. 173, Shr. ii. i. 394
[402], H8 I. iv. 45 low are a merry gamester.
2 lewd person AH'sW. v. iii. 190, Per. iv. vi. 83.
gamut: musical scale Shr. ni. i. 72, &c. (old edd.
gamfith, gamoulh). [iii. 128.
Ganymede: cup-hearer to Zeus (Jupiter) AY'L. i.
gape : to be eager to Rom. ii. Chor. 2.
gaping vbl. sb.: bawling 118 v. iv. 3 leare your g.
gaping p|il. adj.: g. pig*, pig's head served on the
table with its mouth wide open Mer.V. n'. i. 47, 54.
garb: style, manner, fashion H5 v. i. 81, Cor. iv.
vii. 44 (luster di/ and g. (-austere behaviour).
Ham. II. ii. 399 [.390], Lr. ii. ii. 103 constrains the
g. Quite from his nature, 0th. ii. i. 318. H The
meaning ' fashion of dress, costume ' is not S.
garboil : brawl, commotion Ant. i. iii. 61, ii. ii. 71.
GARDEN-HOUSE -
GERMAN
garden-house [nut pie-S.) : summer-liouse Meas.
V. i. 2M.
Garffantiia : tlie large-moiitlied voracious giant
ill liabehiis AYL. lii. ii. :i39.
garland (2 cf. ' Bellay, first garland office Poesie '
1 royal crown or diadem 2H4 iv. v. 20Q{(/(a-iiieHtf),
V. ii. 84, K3 ni. ii. 40 Till Richard mar the g. o/ the
realm. ■ -mn ,,■
2 principal ornament or 'glory Cor. i. i. 190 Hiw
. . ^thnt was your ij., I. ix. CO, ii. ii. 106, Ant. iv.
xiii. [XV.] 64.
Efarnisli: outfit, dress Mcr.V. ii. vi. 45.
g^arnished: furnished (? with words or with brains)
Mtr.V. III. V. 7.5.
g'askins : breeches Tw.N. i. v. 27 if hoth break, your
,ia.kiiix/att.
pasted: terrified Lr. ii. i. 57//- hi/ the noise I made.
gastness: terror Otli. v. i. 106 //(«//. o/hcraje.
g'ate : in llaiii. i. v. 67 The natural (/-s and alleys of
the body there is perliaps an allusion to tlie ' vena
porta' (rendered 'gate-vein' by 17tli cent.
writers).
gather : to infer, deduce, conclude Err. i. i. 95, iv.
iii. 87 The reason that If/, he is mad, H3 i. iii. 68 ;
absol. to draw inferences, get information All's W.
iv. i. 87 To (J. from thee, Ham. ii. ii. 108 now, y.,
and surmise.
gand, gawd: plaything, toy, gewgaw MND. i. i.
:!!, .Jolui III. iii. 36.
gaiided, gawded : adorned Cor. ii. i. 236 nicely
il<tii,l,deheiks.
gaiidy-night (S.): night of rejoicing Ant. in. xi.
(xiii.] 182. ^A nonce-compound modelled on
tlie cuiuiuun ' gaudy-day '.
gay: in ballad style, conventional epithet of jiraise
aiijilied to women Sonn. Music 15 [Pilgr. 225] /Ac
Indij nay.
gaze: that which is gazed at Mac. v. vii. 53 [viii.
21] the show and g. o' the time, Sonn. v. 2 The
hmly <inze.
gear (orig. sense is ' apparel, dress ' LLL. v. ii. 304)
1 stuff, tiling, article Mer.V. ii. ii. 182 a good wench
for this year, Troil. iii. ii. 220, Rom. v. i. 60.
2 discourse, talk Mer.V. i. j. 110\
3 matter, affair, business 2H6 i. iv. 17, in. i. 91,
R3 I. iv. 159 shall ive to ihisy.?, Troil. i. i. 6, Eom.
H. iv. 110.
geek: fool Tw.N. v. i. 355, Cym. v. iv. 67. ^Sm--
vivcs in midl. dial.; used by George Eliot in
' Adam Bede' ix.
geld: to deprive (o/some essential part) LLL. ii. i.
U8, R2 II. i. 2:i8 y-cd of his patrimony, 1H4 ill. i.
Ill Oildiny the opposed conlinent.
gemini : iiair "Wiv. ii. ii. 9 « yemini of baboons.
gender: )<iiid, sort, class Otii. i. iii. '327 one y. of
lierbs, Plioen. 18 ; tlie general </., the common sort
Ham. IV. vii. 18.
general sb. (the military sense is used fig. in Gent.
JV. i. 61, LLL. III. i. 195 [187], Horn. v. iii. 219 g.
of your noes, Sonn. cliv. 7)
1 the general, the whole Troil. i. iii. 342.
2 people in general, the public, the iiuiltitude Ca>s.
ir. i. 12, Ham. II. ii. 466 [457] 'ticas caviare to the y.
3 that which is common to all Troil. i. iii. 180
Si rrriils anil yi nerals of yracc.
4 in general, (ij in a body, collectively ; univer-
sally, without exccjitionlHl iv. iii. 26 So are tlie
horses of tlie enemy In y., Troil. iv. v. 21 (i.e. by
all), C;es. IV. ii. 29, Lucr. 1484 ; (ii) in all respects
Per. V. i. 185 Most wise in g.\ (iii) generally Cres.
II. ii. 29 to the 7rorld in genered as to Casar.
■>ral adj.:
'Ul collectively, whole 1H4 in. ii. 178 0(1)^^.
forces, 1H6 iv. iv. 3 all our g. force, Troil. v. ii.
129 theg. sex[ = &\\ womenkind), Lr. i. iv. 65, 0th.
III. iii. 346 the genered camp.
2 relating to the whole people, common, public 2H4
IV. i. 94, Ciies. III. ii. 95 tiie g. coffers. Ham. ii. ii.
597 [589] cleave to the g. ear with horrid spitch.
general adv.; generally 1H4 iv. 1. 5.
generally (tlie sense ' usually, commonly ' is
post-S.j
1 in a body, as a whole AYL. iii. ii. 372, Shr. i. ii.
277 To whom we nil rest y. belioldiny, H5 i. i. 88.
2 universally, without exception \Viv. ii. ii. 242(y.
allowed, Ail'sW. ii. iii. 43 to be y. tiauikjal, HH li.
1. 47, Tim. II. li. 119.
generation :
1 offspring, progeny Wint. ii. i. 147, Ii2 v. v. 8,
Troil. III. i. 148 is love a y. of vipers '!, Lr. i. i. 119.
2 breed, race, kind Tp. in. iii. 33 (inr human y.,
Meas. IV. iii. 96, Tiiu. i. i. '205 Thy mother s ofmyy.
generative: capable of generation Meas. in. ii. 121.
generous: of noble lineage, higli-burii Meas. iv.
vi. 13, LLL. V. i. 98 most g. sir. Ham. i. iii. 74,
Oth. III. iii. 280.
genius (3 not pre-S.)
1 in classical pagan belief, tutelary god or at-
tendant spirit supposed to be allotted to every
man at liis birth Tw.N. in. iv. 144, Tioil. iv. iv.
50 the G. so Cries ' Come.' 'to him, Ca;s. n. i. 06, Mac.
III. i. 56 iinder him My genius is rebiik'd.
2 used with allusion to the two miitally opposed
sjiirits (the good and the evil genius) by whom
every person was supposed to be attended
throughout liis life Tp. iv. i. 27 the strong'st
suggestion Our worser genius can.
3 embodied type or representation 2H4 in. ii. 341
It' was the very genius of famine.
gentility : politeness LLL. i. i. 127.
gentle sli.: pi. gentlefolk LLL. iv. ii. 174 ; chiefly
used (sing, and pi.) in polite address Wiv. in. ii.
96, Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 46 Be merry, g., H5 i. Clior.
8 pardon, g-s all. Ant. IV. xiii. [xv.] 47.
gentle adj. (the senses 'well born', 'kind', 'not
viuleiit, mild ' are well represented in S.)
1 used in p(dite aidless or as a complimentary
ep;tbet Gent. i. ii. 14 Wlad think'st thon of the g.
I'roliiis?, n. i. 118 I thank you, g. servant, in. i. 14
your r/.daiii/hter, C;es. in. ii. 78 i'lm gentle Romans.
2 tanieilSiii. vii. 58, H8 v. iii. 22.
gentle vli.: to ennoble H5iv. iii. 63^. his condition.
gentleman (1 in the 17tli c. ' something more than
an ordinary Souldier, hath a little more pay, and
doth not stand Centincl ') [iv. i. 39.
1 officer of a company of soldiers 1H4 iv. li. 26, H5
2 man of gentle birth attached to the household of
a person of high rank Tw.N. v. i. 184 The count's
//., H8 I. ii. 5 That g. of Buckingham's ; transf.
1114 I. ii. 29 Diiniii's'fores/ers, y-miii of the shade;
so gentlewoman Ado n. iii. '234 [223], H8 in. ii.
95, tlfli. in. i.26 the y./hatattends the yeneral's wife.
gentry (2 properly ' what is proper to gentlemen ')
1 rank by birth, quality or rank of gentleman Wiv.
n. i. 53, Wint. i. ii. 393 which no less adorns Our
y., 1H6 II. iv. 93 ancient y.. Cor. in. i. 143.
2 good-breeding Ham. v. ii. 115 the card or calendar
iify.: courtesy Ham. n. ii. 22 y. and goodwill.
George: the jewel, on which isa figure of St.Georgc,
liiiiiiiiiii part of the insignia of the order of the
garter 2H6 iv. i. 29, R3 iv. iv. 367, 370.
german adj. and sb. {cousin-i/erman = first cousin
Tniil. IV. v. 120)
1 ( lose ly related, akin Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 805 (Ff
hrmainic), Tim. iv. iii. 345 (Ff Ocrmidi)ne).
2 appropriate Ham. v. ii. \Kivioreg. tothe nialter(Yi
Germainc, Qfi2a Icrman, Qj more cosin german).
OSBMEir -
93
— GLASS-OAZIKG
3 sb. near relative Otli. i. i. 114 (Fi O'ermaines, Q\
lernutns).
g'ermen (not pre-S., old eild. {/(rmuine) : germ Mae.
IV. i. 5'.t tin Ireasiirc Of Niiturts y-x, Lr. in. ii. 8.
gest't: pl. deeds Ant. iv. viii. 2 (old edd. t/iuxls).
gest-: time allotted for a halt (S.) Wint. i. ii. 41.
gresture (obs. use): carriage, bearing, demeanour
AYL. V. ii. 70 If you do love Jiosdlnut so ««(»• tia
heart as your g. cries it out, H5 iv. (Jlior. 25 their
gesture sad.
get (pa. t. got, in Per. ii. ii. 6 gat to rhj'uie with ((/,
pa. pple. got, also gotten)
1 iiitr. to gain 1H6 iv. iii. 32 we lose, they . . . get.
2 to get knowledge of, learn, ascertain Gent. ii. v.
40, Wint. IV. i. [ii.]55. Ham. iii. i. 2 tiet from liim
tthy he puts on this confusion.
3 to beget (frecjj ; in John i. i. 259 to get=io be
begotten ; absol. Ven. 108 to gel it is thy duty.
■[J The foil, uses are recorded first from ti. : senses
1 and 2 above, 'acquire (a custom or quality)'
Cym. IV. ii. 230, Sonn. ixxviii. 3 ; ' catch (an ill-
ness) 'Tp.ii.ii. 70; hate (/o< = possess Tim. i. ii. 2G;
get thee gone Evv. in. i. 84; ' become,' with an adj.
complement Mer.V. j. i. 135 ; get aboard Err. iv.
iv. 100, Wint. III. iii. 7 ; gel back Ant. in. xi. [xiii.]
139 ; get o^'= escape Cor. n. i. 143 ; gd ow = put on
2H4 v. iii. 134, Mac. n. ii. 71.
getter: begetter Cor. iv. v. 241.
g'host sb. (the mod. use is tlie prevailing one)
1 incorporeal being, spirit Sonn. Ixxxvi. 9.
2 apparition, spectre Ven. 933. [iv. 85.
3 corpse 2H0 in. ii. 101 a timely-parted g., Ham. i.
ghost vb.: to haunt Ant. n. vi. 13.
ghostly: spiritual Meas. iv. iii. 53, Rom. in. iii. 48
ghostly confessor. [i. 190 [182].
giant-dwarf: dwarf with giant's power LLL. in.
gib(-cat): tom-cat Ham. in. iv. 190; 1H4 i. ii. 83.
gibbet: to hang as on a gibbet (S.) 2H4 in. ii. 285.
gig si). : wliipping-top LLL. iv. iii. 107, v. i. 71, 74.
gig vl>. : (?) to walk wantonly Ham. in. i. 152 (so
Q 1004 ; F nidge, Q 1070 jig).
giglet, -ot: iewd, wanton woman Meas. v. i. 347 ;
used adj. IHO iv. vii. 41, Cym. in. i. 31 y. fortune.
gild (1 common in 1G-I7th cent.)
1 to smear with blood John n. i. 316 nU gill leith
Frenchmen's blood, Mac. n. ii. 57 (quibble).
2 to supply with money Mer.V. ii. vi. 49.
3 to flush Tp. V. i. 2S0 liq}tor that h<ith gilded them.
4 to give a specious lustre to 1H4 v. iv. IGil'llg. it
with the happiest terms I hare, 2H4 i. ii. 171, Ant.
I. v. 37, Compl. 172 deceits iii re g-ed in his smiling.
gilded: of a golden colour Ant. i. iv. 02 g. jiuddic.
gillyvor: clove-scented pink, Dianthus caryo-
phyllus Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 82, 98.
gilt: gold, money H5 ii. Chor. 26.
gimmal, gimm'er : pi. joints or connecting parts
for traiisiuittiiig motion in clockwork IHO i. ii.
41 by siiiiie mid g-s or device, Their arms are set tike
clocks (Fi gimmors, Ff23 Gimmalls, Ft Gimiiuds).
giitiinaled : made with gimmals or joints, con-
sisting of two similar parts hinged together H5
IV. ii. 49 Ihe g. bit (Ft lymold, mod. edd. gimmal).
gin: to begin Mac. i. ii. 25 irhence the sun gins his
reflection ; more usu. with an infin.; cf. can vb.-.
ging (once): gang, set AViv. iv. ii. 120 (Fi Q^gin).
gipsy : allusively identified with ' Egyptian ' Ant.
IV. X. 41 [xii. 28].
gird sb.: sharp or biting remark Shr. v. ii. 58 : so
gird vb. intr. 2H4 i. ii. 0, trans. Cor. i. i. 262.
girded: invested, besieged H5 in. Clior. 27.
girdle : Ado v. i. 140 /o turn his g., said to refer to
preparation for wrestling by turning tlie buckle
to the back ;— MNl). ir. i. 175 put a g. round the
earth, make a circuit of the world.
girt: to gird 1H6 in. i. 170, 2H0 i. i. 00.
Gis: by (lis .' = hy Jesus, Ham. iv. v. 59.
give (pa. iiple. once (/nee Ven. 571 ; 8 metaphor from
the exuding of moisture, e.g. on a stone)
1 to "give away' (the bride) at the marriage cere-
mony AYL. in. iii. 71 Is there none here to g. ihe
lioman ?.
2 to dedicate, devote, surrender Wiv. v. v. 101 have
given oursilves . . . to hell, Wint. ii. iii. 8 Given to
the fire, H5 I. ii. 270, K3 ii. i. 117, Ant. in. ii. 64,
.Sonn. clii. 11 gave eyes to blindness; intr. (?)='
refl. to give oneself up to Compl. 51 gave to tear
(mod. edd. gan) ; cf. H5 iv. vi. 32.
3 (of the mind) to suggest, cause to suspect H8 v.
iii. 109, Cor. iv. v. 158 my mind gave me his clothes
made a false report of him.
4 to display as an armorial bearing Wiv. r. i. 10
mayg. tlie dozen white luces in their coat, IHO i. v. 29.
5 to represent, report Cor. i. ix. 55 ns that y. you
Iritly, Ant. i. iv. AO min's reports Give him much
irroiig'd.
to attribute, ascribe, assign H8 in. ii. 263 the
fault thougavst him, Rom. iv. v. 116-7 (quibbling),
Mac. I. iii. 119 those that gave the Thane of Cawdor
to me.
7 to consider, set down as Wint. in. ii. 96.
8 to be tearlul Tim. iv. iii. 493 whose eyes do never e/.
give away, to sacrifice (another's interests) Otli.
III. iii. 28 ; give back, to retreat, fall back Gent.
V. iv. 126; give off, (1) to relinquish John v. i.
27 My croiin I should </. off; (2) to cease Ant. iv. iii.
22; give over, d) to abandon, desert Tp. ii. i.
11, MND. in. ii. 130, Slir. i. ii. 106, Tit. iv. ii. 48
I'rny to the devils ; the gods have given us over ; (2)
to pronounce incurable, 'give up' 1H4 in. iii. 41,
Tim. III. iii. 12 His friends, like physicians. Thrice
give him over ; (3) to yield to 2H4 1. i. 104 //. o'er 'To
stormy passion ; give up, (1) to succuiiib Cym.
II. ii. 40 ; (2) to deliver, render R3 i. iv. 193 have
given their verdict up, Ham. i. iii. 98 i/iie me vp
'the truth.
giving out: assertion, declaration Mca-. i. iv. 51,
Ham. I. V. 178, 0th. iv. i. 129.
gladsb. : gladness Per. n. Gower 38. Tj An archaism ;
not in current use after 1450.
glad vb.: to make glad 3H6 rv. vi. 93, Tit. i. i. 100.
glance sb. : satirical hit AYL. ii. vii. hi g-s of the fool.
glance vb.:
1 (of a weapon) to glide off an object struck Wiv.
v. v. 261 [249] your arrow hath y-d ; fig. Shr. v.
ii. 61 the jest did g. away from me, Lr. v. iii. 150 ;
y. on, to strike obliquely upon and turn aside
Per. III. iii. 7.
2 to dart or spring aside Sonn. Ixxvi. 3*.
3 to pass quickly /Vojii (a subject) Meas. v. i. 307 to
g. from him to the duke himself ;—g. at, to allude to
in passing, hit at, reflect upon MND. n. i. 75 G.
at my credit with Hippotyta, Cces. I. ii. 325 Casar's
amhitum shall be glanced at.
4 to allude to Err. v. i. 60 I often glanced it.
glass (the commonest S. sense is 'mirror')
1 sand-glass, hour-glass All'sW. n. i. 108, Wint. i.
ii.300 The running of one g., iv. Chor. [i.] \(>Itiirn
my y., 1H6 IV. ii. 35, Sonn. cxxvi. 2 ; in nautical
use, half-hour glass, hence = lia]f-an-hour Tp. i.
ii. 210, V. i. 223 three glasses since.
2 magic mirror or crystal Mac. iv. i. 119.
3 eye-ball R2 i. iii. 208, Cor. in. ii. 117.
glassed : enclosed or cased in glass LLL. ir. i. 2t2.
glass-eyes: spectacles Lr. iv. vi. 175.
glass-fac'd : reflecting, like a mirror, the looks ot
another Tim. i. i. r^'.MI,, glass-fic'dflaltrrer.
glass-gazing: contemplating oneself in a mirror
Lr. n. ii. 19.
6I.ASSY -
g'lassy : frail as glass Moas. ii. ii. 120 Hisy. essence.
g'laze: to stare Cits. i. iii. 21 (mod. edd. /y/io'dt).
^ In mod. use found only in Coinwall and Devon.
g'lean: to collect into one mass H8 iii. ii. 265.
gleaned: stripped of defenders H5 i. ii. 151.
gleeksb.: gibe, iestlHGiii. ii. 123, Rom. iv. v. 115;
so gleek vb. MND. iii. i. 154, H5 v. i. 78.
g"lib: to castrate, geld Wint. n. i. 148.
glijupse: transient brightness, flash Meas. i. ii.
108 //. (*/ luirntss ; Ham. I. iv. 53 ij-s of /lie moon
( = the earth by night); fig. faint appearance,
tinge, trace Triiil. i. ii. 25.
Eflobe; Ham. i. v. 97 tins dis/raclal )/.=t\ns eon-
insed head or braia
g-looming' (once): dark (fig.) Rom. v. iii. 305 A r/.
pfdif. ^ Glooiiii/, which occurs thrice in S., is
net recorded before liis date.
glorious: eager for glory Cyni. i. vi. 7 (lie desire
tliitt'sfi., Per. I. GowerO.
gloss : sU (I </. on, to give a speciously fair appear-
ance to nil) IV. i. 103, Tim. i. ii. Hi.
glow: to maUe hot Ant. ii. ii. 212 Tu '/. /he dilica/e
cheeks.
glozesb.: pi. 'highfalutin' talk LLL. iv. iii. 370.
gioze vb. (orig. = to make glosses upon)
1 to interpret (a tiling) to be (so and so) H5 r. ii. 40
lV7(/f// Sill iijite land /he Ficnch unjiis/lyij. To be /he
realm of France.
2 to comment on Troil. ii. ii. 1G5.
3 to talk smoothly and speciously, use fair words
or flattering language R2 ii. i. 10, Tit. iv. iv. 35
thus it shall hecDiiie Hii/h-n'il/ed Tainora to ej. in/h
all. Per. i. i. 110 he has found the meaniny Bat 1
will ijloze Willi him.
glllt: toswallowTp. i. i. 65 And ijnpe ... to g. him.
glutted : satiated 1H4 iii. ii. 84 //., ijorifd, and full.
gnarl (not pre-S.): to snarl R2 i. iii. 292 y-mij
sorniir, 2H0 lit. i. 192 wolves are (jnarlinij.
gnarled: knotted Meas. ii. ii. 116//. oak. 1| First
in S., app. as a variant of ' knurled ', whence in
mud. use only from the beginningof the 19th cent.
gnaw pa. pple. ynawn Wiv. ii. ii. 311 my repn/a/ion
i/iiaini at.
go (1 current till about 1800)
1 to walk, move on foot at an ordinary pace Tp. iir.
ii. 23, Gent. iii. i. 391 yoiny will scarce serve /hij
turn, IV. ii. 20 love Will creep . . . where it cannot
ijo, 1H4 II. iii. 88, 2H4 ii. iv. 178, Lr. i. iv. 135 Kide
more than thou yoest, i3onn. cxxx. 11.
2 used in the imperative as a rebuke or remon-
strance MND. HI. ii. 25dyou are a tame man,yo.',
H5 v. i. 73, Kom. i. v. 90 i'ou are a princox ; i/o.
go about, make it one's object to Meas. iii. ii. 219,
M XD. IV. i. 213, H5 iV. i. 2i5, Lucr. 412 ; go along
with, agree with or approve of Ham. i. ii. 15 ;
go before, be superior to (S.) Cym. i. iv. 83 ; go
by, go unnoticed Slir. i. ii. 256, Meas. ii. ii. 41 ;
go even, hard, near (see even, hard, near) ;
go in, join in Ado i. i. 194 [188]; go off, die Mac. v.
vii. 66 [viii. 36]; go through, do one's utmost
Meas.ii.i.293[285], Per. IV. ii.47; goto! used to
expre.ss disapprobation, remonstrance, protest,
or derisive incrednllty (very freq.); go to it, (I)
perish, die Gent. iv. i v. 5, Ham. v. ii. 56 ; (2) copu-
late Lr. IV. vi. 115, 125, Pci-. iv. vi. 82 ; go up,
(of a sword) be put up in its sheath Ca>s. v. i. 52.
goal : Ant. iv. viii. 22 Get y. for y. of -he even with.
goatish: lascivious, lustful Lr. i. ii. 143.
gobbet: piece of raw flesh 2H6 iv. i. 85, v. ii. 58.
god sli.: prefixed, without the article, to the name
of a deity, or a person likened to one Ado iii. iii.
142 likeyod Bel's priests, Troil. i. iii. 160 yod Achilles
(QFi; Ffa.T yood)\—Cod he iri' yon, in old edd.
usually God buy you or ye (also bu-'y, buy'), occas.
94 — GOOD
God be with you, God buy to you, later Ff and Qq
God b' w' ye, b' wi' ye or you \—God diy-you-den,
God (y)i//odeH : see good-den.
god vb.: to deify, idolize Cor. v. iii. 11.
God-a-mercy (2 ay^p. orig. = ' God reward you ')
1 =God have mercy I Shr. iv. iii. 153, 1H4 iii. iii.
58, Ham. iv. v. 198 6'. on his soul .' (Ff Gramercy).
2 used in response to a respectful salutation or a
wish, usu. expressed by an inferior, for a person's
• welfare John i. i. 185, H5 iv. i. 34, Troil. v. iv. 33,
Ham. II. ii. 172.
godfather: fig. sometimes with ref. to the god-
father's naming the child at l)aptism LLL. i. i. 88
'J'tuse early y-s of heaven's liyhts That yivc a name
to eviry fixid star, Ven. Ded. 5; — jocularly, p!.
jurymen whose verdict brings a man to tho
gallows Mer.V. iv. i. 399 (cf. '1 will leaue you To
your (lod-lathers in Law, Let twelve men worke,'
Jonson, ' twelve God-vathers, good men and true '
Randolph).
God 'ild, Godild (old edd. yod{d)ild, God-eyld,yood
dild, Goddd'd): lit. ' God yiekl,' used in' return-
ing thanks AVL. in. iii. 81, v. iv. 56, Mac. i. vi.
13, H:im. IV. v. 42 Bow do you, pret/y lady ?—Well,
G. you .' ( = thank you).
god-like adv.: divinely Per. v. i. 208*/. perfec/.
goer : (/.-back, one who retreats Cym." i. i. 169 ; //.-
iackniird, one who deteriorates AH'sW. i. ii. 48;
y.-ietween, go-between Troil. in. ii. 208.
Gog: perveision of oouShr. iii. ii. l&ibijy-s-nouns.
gold: the metal used in the ornamentation of
fabrics, gold thread Shr. ll. i. 348 [356] Valance
of Venice yold.
golden (the fig. sense 'precious' is frecj.; 3 </. lime
2H4 V. iii. 98 is also used like (/. aye 'Ip. ii. i. 175
[168], Lucr. 60, q. world AYL. i. i. 127)
1 of gold (freq.); y. care, the burden of the crown
2H4 IV. V. 22; //. 40))o»',(?) sorrow that comes fiom
high rank H8 ii. iii. 22.
2 rich Tim. iv.in.lStheharnedpate Ducks to/he y.fool.
3 exceedingly favourable or propitious Tw.N. v. i.
394 When . . . yejhlin time convents.
goldenly (S. coin.-ige): excellently AYL. i. i. 6.
Golias : form of Goliath Wiv. v. i. 24 (Ff Q3 Goliah),
found also in Chaucer and app. used in mediaeval
Latin IHG i. ii. 33 Samsons and Goliasses.
gondola (old odd. Gondilo, -ylo, Gmiddlo): light
flat-bottomed boat in use on the Venetian canals
Mcr.'V. II. viii. 8, AYL. iv. i. 40 : hence gondo-
lier 0th. I. i. 126 (Ff Qq23 Gundelier).
gone: not pre-S. in the senses (1) dead John in.
iv. 163, (2) far advanced R2 11. i. 185, (3) lost,
ruined Meas. v. i. 297, Mer.V. iii. v. 19.
good sb. phrases: do 11. to, be of use or advautaee
to Mer.V. in. v. 7, AYL. v. ii. 65, Tit. iv. ii. 35,
Ven. 28;— »(i(t7( //. do it (cf. DICH) 'Wiv. i. i. 84;
—do ij. on or upon, prevail upon Meas. iv. ii. 71,
1H4 in. i. ViO one that no persuasion can do y. iipon,
Rom. IV. ii. 13;— rfo (/., be successful, make pro-
gress Wiv. I. iv. 148 Shedl I do any y.?, AVint. 11.
ii. 54, 2H6 iv. iii. 15 to thrive and ilo y.
good adj. (all the ordinary senses are ireq.; 6 (ii) is
the most freq. meaning of make yood)
1 a conventional epithet to titles of high rank
Wint. I. ii. 220 At the y. queen's entreaty, H8 m.
i. 77 (/■ your Graces, Cym. n. iii. 158 She's my y.
lady ; hence freq., an epithet of courteous ad-
dress or respectful reference Tp. i. i. 10 G. bont-
sivain, Gent. I. ii. 115 Be calm, g. winel, Wint. iv.
iii. [iv.] 200.
2 comely Per. iv. ii. 51 She has a yoodface.
3 in mildly depreciative sense iiiiplying weakness
or trustful sim|)licity H8111. ii.357 yood easy mini.
4 able to fulfil his engagements, financially sound,
GOOD CHEAP -
GOVERNOR
(hence) wcaltliy, substantial Mei'.V. i. iii. 12, IG,
Cor. I. i. IG.
5 absol. used vocativcly (cf. good now) Tp. i. i. 3,
17 .\(:y, i/ood, be pnlierd, Koni. i. v. 8 Good (Iiok.
make grood, (i) to cany into effect, fulfil, per-
form Slir. Ind. i. 19, i. i. 74, iv. il. 115 lo make the
vialter <j., 2H6 v. i. 122, Cor. i. vi. 8G, Tim. I. ii.
205 to wake Ins ivixlus q.. Ant. ii. ii. 149 ; (ii) to
prove (a statement, enlarge) to be true, sub-
stantiate R2 I. i. 4, Ham. i. ii. 210 ; (iii) to sliovv
or prove (a person or thing) to be blameless
Mer.V. I. iii. 95, Wint. ll. iii. 60 /. . . uould hij
lomhal make herg.; (iv) to maintain, liold, defend
(a position) H8 v. iv. 58, Cor. i. v. 12 io make ij.
the citji, Lr. I.J. 176, Cym. v. iii. 23.
good clieap: ciieap 1H4 in. iii. 51.
g'ood-conceitedr: well devised Cym. ii. iii. 18.
g'ood-deed : in reality, in deed AVint. i. ii. 42.
good-den, good-even: tlieiull plir. 'God give ye
good even ' is represented in F\ by Godr/i' f/oudc'tii
or Good-e'eu (Horn. i. ii. 58, in. v. 173), but tlie
early Qq and Ff have Godif/oden, Goddc-(/odden,
Godifieden, Godyif/odcn, God diu-yoii-elen (LLL. iv.
i.42 Fi), for winch mod. edd. read God-ye-f/ood-di n,
God gi' yo' din or ijood-dcn, &c.; the shoitciied
form is variously spelt in old edd. good den,
fjovdidjiii, i/oddeu, goode'eii.
good-faced : pretty Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 124 Xo, g. sir.
^ CI'. GOOD adj. 2.
good-fellowship : 1H4 i. ii. 155, Troil. iv. i. 52.
goodman (3 evolved from the use in 2ii)
1 husband Shr. Ind. ii. 107 I eim your goodman.
2 prefixed to (i) designations of occupation Ham.
V. i. 14 /;. detver ; (ii) names of pcisons under the
rank of gentlemen, esp. yeomen or tin-mers Ado
in. v. 10 G. Verges, LLL. iv. ii. 37 f/. Dull, 2H4 v.
iii. 91 g. J'liff of Darson; hence (iii) allusively,
jocularly, or ironically Mens. v. i. 324 (/. Ixit'd-
pale, Tw.N. iv. ii. 145 //. driicl, 1H4 n. iv. 107 //.
Adam, 2H4 v. iv. 31 6'. death .' g. bones.', Lr. n. ii.
49 goodman hoy.
3 yeoman LLL. i. i. 306 I'll lay my hceul to any
goodman's hat.
good morrow: good morning, good day; also in
phr. H5 iv. i. 26 i>o my g.to them, Rom. li. iv. 118
Goil ye g., Lr. ii. ii. 1G5 Giie you g. .'.
goodness: 'good things' Meas. in. ii. 234 Blis'i
and g. on you!, v. i. G ne hear Such g. of your
justice, 1H6 in. ii. 72 Talbot means no </., R3 i. iv.
198 (Ff), Lr. V. i. 7, 0th. i. ii. 35 Theg. of the night ;
(hence occas.) success Mae. iv. iii. 136 the chance
of goodness.
good-night: (?) funeral song or dirge 2H4 in. ii. 346.
good now: interjectional expression denoting
eiitieatv, expostulation, acquiescence Err. iv. iv.
20, Wiiit. V. i. 19, Troil. in. i. 124, Ham. i. i. 70,
Ant. I. ii. 27, i. iii. 78. •■ Survives in south-
western dial.; cf. GOOD adj. 5.
goodwife : formerly prefi.xed to surnames = Mrs.
2H4 n. i. \0i goodwife Keech, the butcher's wife.
goodwill : by or of one's (/., of one's own accord,
voluntarily R2 iv. i. 177, Ven. 479.
good year (in old odd. also good-yeer(e, -yere, -jer,
-iir): app. uscdasameaninglessexpletivein y\'hat
theg., Wiv. i. iv. 127, Ado i. iii. 1, 2H4 n. iv. G3,
190 ; hence in imprecations, denoting some un-
defined malefic power Lr. v. iii. 24 The g-s shall
deroitr them. ^ Supposed by some, without
evidence, to be orig. aword meaning ' the French
disease '.
goose: tailor's smoothing iron, ofwhich the handle
resembles a goose's neck Mac. n. iii. 17.
goose-pen (S.): qnill pen Tw.N. iir. ii. 56.
gorhellied : lat-paunched 1H4 ii. ii. 97.
Gordianknot: intricate knot tied by (he Phrygian
king Uordius, and cut by Alexantler the Great,
Cym. n. ii. 34 As sliptmy as the G. teas hard ; fig.
H5 I. i. 46 T\(rn him to any cause of policy, The G.
of it he Hill unloose.
gor'd: fig. rent asunder Lr. v. iii. 322.
gorge: what has been swallowed ; cast theg., ov'ijz.
a phrase of falconry Tim. IV. iii. 40. " [174.
gorget : piece of armour for tlie throat Troil. i. iii.
Gorgon: any of three mythical women, having
snakes for hair, whose look turned the Ixliohler
to stone Mac. il. iii. 79 destroy your sight ]YitU a
mie Gorgon, Ant. n. v. 116.
gospel : iised allusively with ref. to ' the gospel
tor the day' at mass Tw.N, v. i. ii98 a niadnutn's
episllts arc no gosjiels.
gospell'd: imbued with the principles of the
gospel Mac. in. i. 88.
goss : gorse, furze, or whin, Ulex europaeus Tp.
IV. i. \S0 pricking goss. ^This form probably
survives in the AVarwicksliire phrase ' as rougii
as goss '.
gossip sb. :
1 a child's godfather or godmother, sponsor (always
with ref. to their relation to the parents) Gent,
in. i. 270 'tis not a iiiaid, for she liath hial g-s (i.e.
for a child of hers), Wint. n. iii. 41 About some
g-s for your highness, H8 v. v. 13 My noble g-s
( = sponsors to Princess Elizabeth).
2 friend Mer.V. in. i. 7 my g. Iteport, Rom. n. i. 11
■my g. Xenus ; used as a prefix to a woman's sur-
name Wiv. IV. ii. 9, 2H4 n. i. lOG//. Quickly.
3 ajiplied to a woman's female friends invited to
be present at a birth, (hence) tattling or gossip-
ing Woman MND. ii. i. 47 sometime lurk I in a g. 's
boivl, Mer.V. in. 'i.%as lying a g. . . us ever knap/ud
gim/er. Tit. iv. ii. 152 loni/-loni/it'd (/., Rom. in. v.
172 ; fig. Tw.N. I. V. 294 ; so' gossip-like Ado
v. i. 193.
gossip vb. (cf. GOSSIP sb. sense 3)
1 to be sponsor to All'sW. i. i. 191.
2 to be a gossip, take part (in a feast) Err. v. i. 410,
MND. n. i. 1-5.
gossiping: merrymaking (orig. meeting of 'gos-
si|)s', esp. at a birth) Err. v. i.422, John v. ii. 59.
goujeret: incorrect spelling of good year in
mod. edd.
gourd: kind of false dice Wiv. i. iii. 92.
gout: drop Mac. n. i. 46 gouts of blood.
govern (freq. in the gen. sense, once common) : to
direct, regulate, control Gent. n. vii. 74 truer
stars did g. Proteus' birth, Wiv. v. i. 21 the finest
waddcvil of jealousy . . . thuteicrg-id frenzy, Mer.V.
IV. i. 134, Cses. i. iii. 83, Ham. m. ii. 379//. these
ventages with your finger, Lr. iv. vii. 19 Be g-'d by
your knoniidge.
governess: ruler, mistress MND. n. i. 103 the
moon, theg. of floods, Lucr. 443.
government (the sense ' rule, sway ' occurs)
1 control, management MND. v. i. 125 a souiat, hut
not in !/. (i. e. without control of the stops of the
'recorder'; cf. Ham. in. ii. 379), Rom. iv. i. 102,
Cj'in. n. iv. 150 Quite besides Tlie g. of patience.
2 demeanour, conduct, behaviour, esp. becoming
conduct, discretion 1H4 i. ii. 31 men of good g.,
in. i. 183 Defect ofnainncrs, uantof </., 3H6 i. iv.
132 'Tis g. thai haikes them seem dieine, H8 ii. iv.
136 wife-like g., 0th. in. iii. '256 Fear not my g.
3 command of an army, &c. 1H4 iv. i. 19, 1H6 ii. i.
64, Oth. IV. i. 249.
4 period of rule Meas. iv. ii. 141.
governor (the obs. uses are as follows)
1 military commander Oth. n. i. ,'i5.
2 tutor 1H6 I. i. 171 ordain'd his special gorernor.
GOWN-
GSAVE
grown : niglitgown 2H4 in. ii. 199.
grace sb. (l du t/mce occurs also in the sense 'do
a kindness, confer a favour ' cf. 3 ; 5 is only S.
and is an extension of tlie religious sense 'favour
of God')
1 do (a person or thing) g., reflect credit on, set in
a good light, embellish 1H4 ii. i. 79 to do the pro-
fession some (J., V. iv. 101 if a lie may do Hue rj.,
Ham. I. i. 131, Sonn. xxviii. 10, cxxxii. 11 mourn-
iiifj doth thee <j.\—in g. of, in honour of M.'Sl). iv.
i. 140.
2 ornament H5 ir. Chor. 28 this (/nice of kings.
•A favour LLL. v. ii. 128, H8 iir. ii. 167, Mac. i. vi. 30
sliidl cuiifiiiae our g-s toioards him ; good opinion
Ado ir. iii. 32 come in mg gnicc.
4 fortune, hap, luck Gent. iir. i. 140 curse the g.,
Meas. I. iv. 09, Wint. v. ii. 125, Hani. i. iii. 53.
5 the source ot grace, (iod. Ado ii. i. 310, All'sW.
I. iii. 228, ir. i. Hi;{, Wint. i. ii. 80 G. to boot .', Mac.
V. vii. 101 [viii. 72J.
6 beneficent virtue or efficacy Rom. ii. iii. 15 ; cf.
HERB-GRACE.
7 sense of duty or propriety Gent. v. iv. 105 the hoy
hath g. in him : he blushes, AYL. in. iv. 2 hai-e the
g. to consider that tears do not become a mun \
virtue Mac. iv. iii. 91 the king-becoming g-s.
8 serving to form complimentary periphrases ;
used ludicrously in MND. v. i. US) I am thy lover's
g. ( = tliy lover), IHO v. iii. 33 the devil's grnce.
9 mercy, pardon Meas. v. i. 375, 3H6 ii. ii. 81 kneel
for (/., Lr. HI. ii. 59 cry These . . . s^tmmoners i/.
grace vb. : to gratify, delight R3 iv. iv. 175. ^ The
usual senses are 'adorn, embellish ', and ' confer
honour on, do honour to '.
grac'd: endued with graces Mac. iii. iv. 41* the g.
jii rsiiii of our Bunquo; but ? = dignified, honour-
alilf, as in Lr. i. iv. 209 a grnc'd palace.
graceful (1 otherwise only 15th cent.; 2 only S.)
1 full of divine grace Wint. v. i. 171.
2 favuunil>le Ant. II. ii. 04 with graceful eyes.
gracious (only 3 is still current ; 5 is not evidenced
clwfwhere in Eliz. literature)
1 finding favour, acceptable, popular AYL. i. ii.
202*, 3H0 III. iii. 117 g. in the people's eye. Tit. i.
i. 11, 170, 429.
2 attractive, graceful, elegant, lovely Ado iv. i.
109, MND. IV. i. 220, Mer.V. iii. ii. 76 a g. voice,
John III. iv. 81 a g. creature, R'i iv. iv. 205 toyal
and gracious.
3 kind (frcq.) ; used as a courteous epithet, e. g.
Tp. V. i. 253 How fares my g. sir?, LLL. v. ii. 737
gracious lords.
4 godly, righteous, pious, holy Meas. iii. ii. 238
a brother Of g. order, Troil. ii. ii. 125 To mike it (a
quarrel) </., C;es. in. ii. 199 g. drops. Ham. v. ii. 87
Tliy state is tlie more gracious.
5 happy, fortunate Meas. v. i. 70 her g. fortune,
Wint. III. i. 22 gracious he the issue.
graciously : through divine grace Per. iv. vi. 05.
gradation: position, rank Oth. i. i. 37* old;/.
graff si). : graft, scion Pur. v. i. 00 For every g. would
.s( lid a caterpillar ; fig. Lucr. 1002 This bastard g.
graiF vb. (pa. pplo. graft): to insert a graft in (a
stock) AYL. III. ii. 126 g. it with a medlar, 2H4
v. iii. 3 pippin of my own g-ing, 2H0 in. ii. 214
slock Was graft with crab-tree slip, R3 lii. vii. 120.
graft vb. (' graft ' as a sb. does not occur)
1 to fix, implant, or attach, as one does a graft or
scion All'sW. i. ii. 54, Wint. I. ii. 240 A servant
g-id m my serious trust, R2 in. iv. 101 the plants
thou g-'st, 1H4 III. ii. 15 Such . . . rude society, As
Ihoii art . . . grafted to, Mac. iv. iii. 51.
2 to fix grafts ujiou (a stock) Cor. n. i. 208 some old
crub-tnes . . . that will not Be g-cd to your relish.
grafter (rare sense): original tree from which a
scion has been taken for grafting H5 ni. v. 9.
^rain (1 'grain' is properly tlie red insect used in
dyeing called 'kermers', 'alkeiuies', butalso =
'cochineal )
1 in g., literally, dyed scarlet or crimson, fast dyed
M>D. I. ii. 98 ^0((r ;)i()7)/e in-g. beard; (hence) in-
delible, ineradicable, ingrained Err. in. ii. lOJ
[a fault] 'tis m g., Tw.N. i. v. 267 'Tis in g., sir ;
'twill endure wind and weather.
2 arrangement of veins and fibres in wood ; fig.
dm rt his g. Tortive and errant Troil. i. iii. 8 ; phr.
(not pre-8.) against the grain L'or. n. iii. 241.
grained' : ingrained Ham. in. iv. 'Mmich black and
I/, spots ; furiowed, lined Err. v. i. 313 this g. face
\.fmi,u.
grained-: pronged, forked C'ompl. (A his g. bat.
gramercy (2 the Qq read Hod a mercy)
1 - Gou-A-MERCY 2, Mer.V. n. ii. 131 h'ud bless your
worship! — Gramercy .', R3in. ii. 105, Tit. i. i. 495,
IV. ii. 7, Tim. ii. ii. 08, 73 ; expressing thanks for
advice Slir. i. i. 41, 107.
2 = GoD-A-MERcy 1, Ham. iv. v. 198 (/. on his soul.
grammar-school: one of a class of scliools orig.
foundel for the teaching of Latin 2H0 iv. vii. 37.
grand (in Wiv. iv. v. 89*, Lr. ii. ii. 112' the mean-
ing is uncertain ; in Ham. v. ii. IS g. commission
is prob. modelled on technical terms like ' grand
assize ', ' grand jury ')
1 pre-eminent, chief Tp. i. ii. 274 her g. hesis, v. i.
280 thisg. liquor { = the elixir), R2 v. vi. 19 The g.
conspirator, R3 iv. iv. 52.
2 '/• sum, grand total H8 in. ii. 294.
:{ main, principal Ant. in. x. [xii.] 10 g. sea ( = ocean).
grand captain : chief captain or commander Ant.
in. i. 9. ^ A technical military term of the
IGth cent.
grandsire : used for ' old man ' Shr. iv. v. 50 :
adj. = ancient Rom. I. iv. 37 I am proverb'd with
a grandsire phrase)
grange: farm-liouse, country liouse Meas. in. i.
279 the moated g., Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 3o9, Utli. i. i.
100 My house is not a grange.
grant : to assent to 3H6 i. i. 245 g-ed to that act.
grasp sb.: embrace Troil. iv. ii. 13 the g-s of love.
grasp vb. (2 not pre-S.)
1 to clutch 2H0 III. ii. 172 g-'d And Ingg'dfor life.
2 to embrace Troil. in. iii. 108 G-s in the comer.
grass-green : green with grass (not pre-S.) Ham.
IV. v. 31.
grass-plot (not pre-S.) ; Tp. iv. i. 73.
grate sb.: grating IHOi. iv. 10, 00; barred place
of confinement Wiv. n. ii. 9 looked through the g.,
like a genii ny nf baboons.
g'rate vi>. (the foil, are now obs. or rare uses)
1 to wear away Troil. in. ii. 195 g-d To dusty nothing.
2 to harass, irritate Ham. in. i. 3 G-mg so harshly
all his days of quiet , Ant. i. i. 18.
3 to make exacting demands u)ion AViv. ii. ii. 7.
g'ratify (the sense ' to please ' al.so occurs)
1 to reward, requite Cor. ii. ii. 45 To g. his noble
service, Oth. v. ii. 211, Cym. n. iv. 7 / barely g.
your love.
2 to give a gratuity to, fee Mer.V. iv. i. 407 g. this
f/entlcman.
3 to gi ace LLL. IV. ii. 103 to gratify the table.
gratillity : clown's humorous jierversion of
'L'latuity ' Tw.N. ii. iii. 28.
gratulate adj.: gratifying Meas. v. i. 531.
gratulate vb.: to greet, salute R3 iv. i. 10 To g.
the giiille princes, Tim. I. ii. 13:3; to express joy
at Tit. I. i. 221 gratulate his safe return.
grave (|ia. pplo. gravid and graven)
1 to bury, swallow upas in a grave R2 ni. ii. 140
GRAVEI. -
<l-'d in the hollow ground, Tim. iv. iii. Itj7 dilchcs
fjrdic yon nil !.
2 to cut into Veil. 376 soft sif/hs can ncecy yrare it.
'i to engrave, record by engraved letters or sonie-
tliing resembling thcni Mer.V. ii. vil. 36 this
■inyivf) q-d in gold, R'5 iv. iv. 141 (Ff branded),
Liicr. 755, Sonn. c. 10 If Time have anij ivrinlcle
graven there.
gravel: attiib. =hard (fig.) Meas. iv. iii. 71.
gravelled: nonplussed AYL. iv. i. Kg. for lack of
nudln:
gravely : with dignity 1H4 n. iv. 485 [478]. [50.
graves: old form oi greaves (leg-armour) 2H4 iv. i.
graymalkin : properly = grey cat, used in Mac. i.
i. 8 as tlie name of a fiend.
graze vb.' : (humorously of persons) to feed Rom.
HI. V. 190 U. iihere yon wtll, yon uliall not house
it'dli me.
graze vb.2 (not pre-S.) : to abrade in passing 0th.
IV. i. 279 neither g. nor pierce ; to ricodiet H5 iv.
iii. 105 {Fi grasnig, Fi Qq erasing).
grease: {?) to make gross or lewd (cf. Gkeasily)
Tim. IV. iii. 196 greases his pure wind.
greasily: grossly, indecently LLIj. iv. i. 141.
greasy: contemptuous epithet Wiv. ii. i. 110 this
g. Uniijhl, AYL. ii. i. 55 you fat and g. citizens.
great (less usual or obs. senses are)
1 pregnant (fig.) Per. v. i. 107 / am great unth woe.
2 (of tlie heart) full or ' big ' with emotion or pride
Shr. V. ii. 172, AU'sW. iv. iii. 370, K2 ii. i. 229,
2H4 1V. iii. 121, R3 v. iii. 348.
3 (of letters) capital Tw.N. ii. v. 98 her great P's.
4 g. time, long while Tp. iii. iii. 105 ; Of g-cr time,
older Gent. ii. vii. 48.
5 in titles of office =' grand ' H5 iv. viii..lOO ^.-
master of France, 1H6 iv. vii. 70 6'. mtireschal to
Henry the Sixth. [61.
6 g. morning, broad day Troil iv. iii. 1, Cyin. iv. ii.
7 adv. g. like, very likely 2H6 in. i. 379.
great-belly doublet : doublet with a thick ' belly '
01 lower part H5 iv. vii. 52. ^| ' Dublets with
great bellies . . . stuffed with four, five, or si.k
pou nd of Bombast at the least ' (Stubbes, Anatomy
of Abuses, 1583) ; cf. thin-bellv.
great kinsman : (?) ancestor Rom. iv. iii. 54 ; or
(/)<Y(/ = eminent.
greatly : illustriously H5 v. ii. Clior. 407 [Epil. 5].
greatness: often used with possessive pronoun
as a title, e.g. LLL. v. i. 116 it pleaseth his g.
gree : to agree (in various senses) Gent. ii. iv. 184
I'totted and g-d on, Meas. iv. i. 44 other tokens
Bcticcen you g-d ( = agreed or determined upon),
Mer.V. II. ii. Ill How g. you now?, Slir. ii. i. 264
[272] your doivry g-d on, 291 [299] we have g-d so
veil together. Ant. ii. vi. 37 this g-d tipon, Sonn.
cxiv. 11 what with his gust is greeing.
Greece: Shr. Ind. ii. 95 ./ohn Aaps of (!., ? read
6')((/(t, the name of a hamlet nearWinchcomb in
Gloucestershire and of a village on the Warwick
load near Birmingham ; Troil. ii. i. 13 The plagitc
of G. 'alluding, perhaps, to the plague sent by
Apollo on the Grecian army ' (J.).
Greek : merry 0'., Troil. i. ii. 116, iv. iv. 56; a com-
luoii plir. in 16-17th cent, for 'merry fellow,
roysterer, boon companion'; so foolish Greik
addressed to the clown in Tw.N. iv. i. 19.
green sb.: verdure Sonn. xii. 7, Ixviii. 11 ; grassy
turf or sod Per. iv. i. 16 (Ff3 4 Grave).
green adj. (« '/. eye is regarded as a point of beauty
MND. V. i. 343, Rom. iii. v. 222)
1 said of the sea, and hence of Neptune, Tp. v. i. 43,
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 28, Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 58.
2 pale, sickly Tv/.N. ii. iv. 115 a g. and ydlow
mdancholy, Rom. ii. ii, 8, Mac. i. vii. 37 i/. and pale.
97 _-GRlSI.EI>
3 of tender age, youtliful Tim. iv. i. 7 g. virginity,
Sonn. civ. 8, Pilgr. iv. 2 [44]/)f.v/i, and green.
4 flesh (frcfj. of material and immaterial things);
//. in earllt, just buried Rom. iv. iii. 43.
5 raw, inexperienced LLL. i. ii. 95 a g. wit, H5 ii.
iv. 136 his g-cr days. Ham. i. iii. 101 a greeii girl.
green-ey'd: epithet of jealousy Mer.V. iii. ii.llO,
Otli. in. iii. 166. [iv. iii. 75.
green goose: young goose, gosling LLL. i. i. 97,
greenly : unskilfully, foolishly H5 v. ii. 148, Ham.
IV. v. 83.
green-sickness: kind ofanaemiacaiicd chlorosis,
affecting young women Per. iv. vi. 14; transf. of a
man Ant. in. ii. 6; with rcf. to the morbid ay)pe-
tite characterizing the disease 2H4 iv. iii. 100.
greet: to gratify Per. iv. iii. 38. ^ A rare sense,
found also in Greene's 'James IV '.
grey sb.: cold sunless light of early morning Ado
v. iii. 27, Rom. in. v. 19; cf. grey-ey'd }/(or)i
Rom. n. iii. 1. ^These uses are not pre-S.
grey adj.: iioaiy, ancient 1H4 ii. iv. 506 [499] that
g. iniiiuitg. ^I In its application to the colour of
eyes grey is supposed by some, e.g. Malone, to
iiiiaii wiiat we now call ' blue '.
grief (both the foil, are common Eliz.)
1 hanlfsliip, sutfering, cause of pain or sorrow Ado
1. i. 323 [315] love's g., LLL. iv. iii. 171 }Yhere lies
thy g.1, Tw.N. ii. iv. 117* siinling at g., 1H4 v. i.
134 tlie g. of a wound, 2H4 i. i. 144 my limbs,
Weakcn'd nith grief.
2 grievance 1H4 iv. iii. 42 The nature of your g-s,
H8 I. ii. 56 The subjects' g., Cses. i. iii. 118 redress
of all these griefs, Per. li. iv. 23.
grief-shot (S.): sorrow-stricken Cor. v. i. 45.
grievance (the sen.se ' cause of complaint' occurs)
1 oppression, annoyance 2H4 iv. i. 198 such picking
grievances, 0th. i. ii. lb restraint and griirancc.
2 trouble, distress, suffering Gent. i. i. 17, iv. iii.
37 / pity much your g-s"*, Rom. I. i. 162, Sonn.
XXX. 9 Then can I grieve at g-s foregone.
grieve (1 a rare use ; 2 a freq. poetical use)
1 to be a grievance or cause of complaint Per. ir.
iv. 19 It shall iio longer grieve wilhont reproof.
2 to feel grief for, be sorry for, regret Wint. iv.
Chor. [i.] 18, R2 il. ii. 37 the nothing that I grim.
1H4 V. iv. 29, Lr. iv. iii. 55 you shall not g! Lend-
ing me this acquaintance, Ven. 1024.
grievous: used adv. (S.) R2 i. iv. 54 (Ff Qs viry),
1H4 IV. i. 16 he's grievous sick.
grievously :
1 with a heavy penalty, dearly Cies. in. ii. 86,
2 bitterly, sorrowfully Gent. in. ii. 14 takes hts going
grievously, 0th. v. i. 53 erg so grievously.
3 strongly, exceedingly John iv. iii. 134.
griffin: fabulous animal, lialflion, half eagle.
grind (2 metaphor from sharpening an axe)
1 to affiict, torment Tp. iv. i. 261 ;/. their joints.
2 to whet (the appetite) Sonn. ex.' 10. lin. i. 62.
gripe sb.': grasp H5 iv. vi. 22, H8 v. iii. 100, Mac.
gripe sb.^: vulture Lucr. 543 the g.'s sharp claws.
gripe vb. (commonly said of grief in the 16th cent.)
1 to clutch or grasp at Per. i. i. 49.
2 to clutch, seize, grasp (lit. and tig.)AViv. i. iii. 92
J,et ml lures g. thy guts, John iv. ii. 190, 1H4 v. i.
57, H8 n. ii.' 136 to he g-'d by (= join Jiands with);
absol. Cym. in. i. 40.
3 to grieve, afflict 3H6 I. iv. 171 To see how utiy
stirrow gripes his soul. [grief.
griping: painful, distres.sing Rom. iv. v. 129 g.
grise, grize (old edd. also grice, greese): step Tw.N.
III. i. 138, Tim. iv. iii. W every g. of fortune, 0th.
I. iii. 200 as a g. or step.
grisled: horrible, grisly Per. in. Gower 47*' the g,
north (Qi; Qqj-c grislee, ^^grtesUe, FI3 1 yrmlg)'
GRISLY — 1»
grisly : f:iim, gliastly USD. v. i. Ul TliiSf/. beast,
IHO I. iv. 47, Per. iii. Gowcr 47 (sec grisled).
Grizel (Fi GrisscJI): later form of the proper name
'(irisildc' borne bv the heroine of Chaucer's
Clerk's Talc (adapted from a story of Pctrarcli's),
who is the proverbial type of a meek, patient
wile Shr. ii. i. 289 [297].
grizzle: sprinkling ofgrey Tw.N. v. i. 169.
griszled: grey Ham. i. u.'£i9{Qqgrissrd, Ffr/risly),
Ant. III. xi."[xiii.] 17 (his f/. head (Ft (jfnicd).
grizzly : grey, grizzled Ham. i. ii. 239 (see jjrec.).
groat: coin equal to four pence Airs"W. ii. ii. 23,
H5 V. i. 132.
groom (the common sense is 'servant')
'1 fellow Tit. IV. ii. 166 ijoii are gallant f/rooins.
2 bridegi-oom Shr. iii. ii. 216, 6th. ii. iii. 182, Cym.
jir. vi. 69.
gross sb.: twelve dozen ; only in plir. hy the f/.,
in largo numbers Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 208.
grossadj.(the senses 'glaring, flagrant' and 'coarse'
are common)
1 big, bulky Wiv. ill. iii. 42 this </. waterij pumpion,
Lr. IV. vi. 1-1: The crows . . . Show scarce so f/. as
hectics : with quibble in Ado v. i. 168 a f/rcat [/.
one, 1H4 u. iv. 25-t [lies] </. as a monntani.
2 big-bodied, corpulent lH4r ir. iv. 668 [560].
o palpable, plain, evident Wiv. v. v. 147, Meas. i.
ii. 165 With character too y. is writ, All'sW. i. iii.
180 to all sense 'tisf/., Wint. it. i. 175, 1H4 ir. iv.
254 (cf. sense 1), H5 ii. ii. 103 as ,7. As black /mm
white. Ham. iv. iv. 46, 0th. i. ii. 72, iir. iii. 219;
as adv. =plainly Meas. 11. iv. 83 FU speak more ij.,
Lr. I. i. 295 (F[ fjrossdy).
4 entire, whole LLL. t. ii. 50 the q. sum, AYL. TV.
i. 205 the ,7. band of the imfaitliful, 2H4 11. i. 94 ;
also short for ' gross sum ' Mer."V. i. iii. 66 the y.
Of full tliree thousand ducats ; fig. Ham. I. i. 68 jji
the q. and scope ( = general drift) of my opinion.
5 dull, stupid Err. lit. ii. 34, Ado v. i. 168 (cf.
sense 1), MND. v. i. 376 This palpable y. play,
AYL. II. V. 56, H6 IV. i. 302 g. brain, E3' 111. vi.
10, 0th. III. iiL 405.
6 phrases involving absol. uses: by gross, whole-
sale LLL. v. ii. 320 we that sell by y.\ in gross,
generally, on the whole Mcr.'V. in. ii. 159.
grossly (3 now the only surviving use)
1 luilpably, plainly, obviously Err. ii.ii.l73, All'sW.
I. iii. 186 soy. shown, H5 tr. ii. 107, Sonn. xcix. 5.
2 flagrantly, excessively Meas. v. i. 473, John iv.
ii. 94, 1H4 III. iii. 149, Ant. in. viii. 38 [x. 29].
3 materially (opposed to 'spiritually') Mer.V. v.
i. 66, Tw.N. V. i. 247 A spirit . . . grossly clad.
4 stupidly Meas. iii. i. 18, John iii.'i. 163 led so g.
by this meddling priest, R3 iv. i. 79, 0th. iii. iii.
396 grossly gape on.
5 clumsily Wiv. it. ii. 151 Let them say 'tis y. done.
6 indelicately, coarsely Mer.V. v. i. 266 Speak not
so grossly.
7 (?) in a state of gross sinfulness Hani. iii. iii. 80.
grossness: bulkiness Troil. i. iii. 325 Whose g.
little characters sum up ; flagrant cliaracter,
enormity Mer.V. iii. ii. ^0 Hiding the g. with fair
ornament; materiality MND. itr. i. 167 thy mortal
(/. ; coarseness, want of refinement AViv. v. v. 133,
R3 III. i. 46* ; stupidity Tw.N. in. ii. 80 such im-
passible passages of yrossness.
ground sb. (2 isfreq.; many quibbles occur between
literal and figurative meanings)
1 the bottom of the sea or otlier water 1H4 i. iii.
204 Where fatlioin-line could tievcr touch the g.; the
bottom where the water becomes too shallow for
a vessel to float 2H4 iv. i. 17 touch g. And dash
themselves to pieces, iv. iv. 40 on g. ( = aground).
2 basis, foundation bhr, ui, i. 74 ' Gamut 'lam, the
- GUARD
(/. of all accord, Tw.N. It. iii. 166 his g. of faith ;
(hence) motive, reason Wint. t. ii. 353 my g. in
do't Is the obedience to a master, Rom. v. iii. 180
the true g. of all these piteous woes, Conipl. 63 the
grounds and motives of her ti'oe.
3 in painting or decoration, main surface or first
coat of colour 1H4 i. ii. 234 like bright metal on a
sullen ground, Lucr. 1074 My sable ground of sin
I will not paint.
4 plainsong or bass on which a descant is ' raised '
(fig.) R3 III. vii. 48 on that g. I'll make a holy
descant, Tit. it. i. 70 (with play on sense 2) should
the empress know This discord's g., tite music would
not please.
5 space traversed or occupied Mer.V. it. ii. 114 till I
have run some g.; — get y. of, get the better of 2H4
It. iii. 53, Cym. i. iv. 119; give y., recede, yiel.l
Tp. II. ii. 65, 3H6II. vi. 16.
ground vb. : to fix, establish, found, base AYL.
I. ii. 296, R3 i. iii. 29 y-ed malice, H8 t. ii. 141,
Sonn. Ixii. 4, cxlii. 2.
groundling: frequenter of the pit of a theatre
Ham. III. ii. 12 to split the ears of the yroitndlnigs.
grovel,vb. (not pre-S.) : John 11. i. 306, 2H6 i. ii. 9.
grow (1 is common with adjs.)
1 to become Tw.N. v. i. 93 grew a tnenly years ri-
moied thing, 1H4 iir. ii. 68, Cor. iv. iv. 21 .'/. diar
friends, Sonn. cliii. 7 a cold valley-fountain . . .
Which . . . grew a seething bath.
2 to accrue, become due Err. iv. i. 8 the sum . . . Is
f/-ing to me, iv. iv. 123 how the debt y-s, Sonn.
Ixxxvii. 11.
grow on (1) to advance, proceed Per. iv. iv. 19 So
with his steerage shall your thoughts y. on ; (2) to
come by degrees MND. i. ii. 10 and so g. on to a
point (Ffi'33 ; Qq //. to a point); grow on or upon,
(1) to increase so as to be more troublesome to
(a person) H5 iir. iii. 56, Lr. v. iii. 106 My sick-
ness g-s upon me; (2) to gain ground upon Cics.
II. i.' 107 llie sun arises ; Which is ei great irayg-ing
on the south ; (3) to come to take' liberties with
A YL. I. i. 92 begin you to g. upon me ! ; grow to
or unto, (1) to become closely, vitally, iiidis-
solubly united to R2 v. iii. 30, 106, H8 v. v. 50
like a vine g. to him, Cym. i. iii. 1, Von. 640 /ncc
g-s to face '; (2) to adhere or cling to H8 in. i. 8S
They tlnxt my trust must y. to. Ham. iv. vii. 85 he
grew unto his seal, Sonn. xviii. 12; (3) to be an
integral part of 2H4 1. ii. 100 / lay aside that which
g-s to me ? ; (4) to advance to or arrive at (a
particular stage or state) IH61V. i. 36 .r/-u to credit
by the wars, R3 in. vii. 20 grew to an end (Ff driw).
growth : size, stature Wiv. iv. iv. 50, AYL. i. ii.
131, 2H4i. ii. 182.
grxidge sb. : murmur, grumbling Tp. i. ii. 240.
grudge vb. : g. one Uiouyht, have one cnviouj
thought IHiinr. i. 175.
grudging vbl. sb.: = grudge sb. Ailo in. iv. SO he
cats his meat without g.\ so grudging ppl. adj.,
unwilling, reluetautiH6iv. i. Wltheiry. stomachs.
grunt: to groan Ham. in. i. 77.
guard sb. (other S. uses than those below are : ' pro-
tection, defence,' ' posture of defence,' ' watch,'
' protector, defender ')
1 keeping, guardianship, custody Err. v. i. 140 lie
broke from those that had the g. of him, Mer.V. i.
iii. 176 in the fearful g. Of an ■unthrifty kiiaie.
Cor. I. X. 25 ('uiider the protection of my brother'),
Lr. V. iii. 1, 48, Ant. v. ii. 67 I'll take her to my g.
2 at a g., on his defence Meas. i. iii. 51 ; out of
one's;/., unprepared Tw.N. i. v. 92.
3 pi. caution Conipl. 298 Shook off my sober guards.
4 border or trimming on a garment Meas. in. i. 95,
Ado I. i, 297 [289] the g-s are but sli'/htly basted
GUARS -
Oil, 1H4 III. i. 200 rclat //-,v ; tig. LLL. iv. iii. 5S
riiiHS iin f/-s OH icniiloH Cup id' a hose: with play
on the meaning 'defence ' 2H4 i. i. 148.
5 |il. tlic stars li and y of the constellation of tlie
LesserBear, Otli. ii. i. Xhtheg-sof theeicr-Jixcd pole.
guard vb. : to ornament with' ' guards ' (see prcc. 4),
to trim Mcr.V. ii. ii. 170, H8 Pro!. 10 a lonn
iiioUcii coot (/-(d ni'th yellow; fig. Ado i. i. 290
(288], John iv. ii. U) Tori, a idle that was rich be-
fore. ^1 The only jire-EJiz. meaning of the word.
g'liardage : guardianship 0th. i. ii. 70.
gtiardant : guardian, protector IHO iv. vii. 0,
Cor. V. ii. 07.
g'tiardsman : soldier of the guard Ant. v. ii.
232 stage dir. (K|).
gudgeon : one who will bite at any bait or swallow
anything, credulous or gullible person Mcr.V. i.
i. 102.
guerdon : reward, rcoomponsc Ado v. iii. 5, LLL.
in. i. 178 L170] ; so guerdon'd, rewarded 2H0
I. iv. 49, ;iHO III. iii. 191.
guess : conjecture 2H4 in. i. 88, H5 i. i. 90 wi/li n
niulji (J., Tit. II. iii. 207, Cses. ii. i. .3 Giveg.; rough
estimate Mer.V. i. iii. 56 by (he nenrg. of my mem-
oi-y, Lr. V. i. 52, Sonn. Ixix. 10 /« r/nc.w. [48.
guessingly (notpre-S.): by conjecture Lr. in. vii.
guide : conduct, direction Tim. i. i. 252 giro tliem
fptiile to us.
[guidon t: military flag or pennant, broad at tlie
end near tlie stalf and forked or pointed at tlie
otlier ; or the bearer of it H5 iv. ii. 00 (Ff Ouard :
on).}
guilder: properly, gold coin formerly current in
the Notlii'ilaiids and parts of Germany ; also,
Dutch silver coin; u.sed in pi. = money Err. i. i.
S, IV. i. 4 / . . . ntint guildosfor iinj royngc.
guiled: treacherous (S.) Mer.V. iii. ii. 97.
glliltless: 2H0 iv. vii. 101 gitiltlesi blood-shedding
= slicddiiig of innocent blood.
guilty: used with various implications ; (I) Lucr.
1511 g. (i(.sA<)ife = suggestion of guilt ; (2) applied
to the instrument, occasion, &c. of a crime Err.
IV. iv. 05 the g. doors. Tit. v. ii. 184 The bason that
receives your g. blood : (3) playfully in a transf.
sense LLL. i. ii. 117 The world was very g. of such
a ballet ; (4) involving guilt, criminal IHO ii. iv.
94, R3 I. iv. 283//. murder, Rom. iil. ii. Ill daiiiiud
g. deeds ; (5) laden with guilt 3H0 v. vi. 11 the g.
iiiind ; (0) prompted by sense of guilt Lucr. 1482
g. woe; the construction with to ( = of) occurs
twice Err. in. ii. 109 g. to .self-wrong, Wint. iv.
iii. [iv.] 651 guilty To ( = to blame for).
guinea-hen: strumpet 0th. i. iii. 318.
guise: custom, habit, fashion 2H0 i. iii. 45, Mac.
V. i. 21 This IS htrvcryg., Cym. v. i. 32, Ven. 1177.
gules: heraldic name for 'red' Tim. iv. iii. 59,
Ham. II. ii. 488 [479].
gulf: voracious belly Mac. iv. i. 23, Lucr. 557.
gull sb.' : unfledged bird 1H4 V. i. 00 that ungentle
//., thecuckoo's bird, Tim. n. i. 31 a nal;(d g. ^ Now
used in Worcestershire and Warwicksliire dial.
for a gosling.
gull sb.2 (not pre-S.)
1 dupe, fool Tw.N. iii. ii. 70, v. i. 210, 3.55, H5 in.
vi. 72, R3 I. iii. 328 simple gulls, 0th. v. ii. 101.
2 trick, deception Ado n. iii. 1.32 [123].
gull vb.: to dupe, cheat, take in Tw.N. n. iii. 147,
H5 II. ii. 121, Sonn. Ixxxvi. 10.
gull-catcher: trickster, cheat Tw.N. ii. v. 200.
gum: used for 'rheum ' H5 iv. ii. 48 ; cf. Ham. n.
ii. 204.
gummed: stiffened with gum 1H4 ii. ii. 3 a g. velvet.
gun-stone : stone used for the shot of a gun H6
I. ii. 282.
99 - HAIR
gurnet > li.sh of the genus Trigia ; .soused g., used
as a term of opprobrium 1H4 iv. ii. 13.
gust sb.: taste, liking, relish Tw.N. i. iii. Mthe g.
liC'hath in quarrelling, Tim. III. v. 55* sin's ex-
trcmest g., Sonn. cxiv. 11.
gust vb.: app. to taste (fig.) Wint. I. ii. 219*
(? 'when I am the last to licar of it ').
guts: gluttonous or corpulent person 1H4 n. iv.
256 thou clay-brained g.; still in u.se in Warwick-
shire for ' a greedy person ' ; (?) offal, applied to
a dead body Ham. in. iv. 212*.
guts-gripirig : Troil. v. i. 21 ;/. ruptures (mod.
cdil. guts-i/rijiing, ruptures ; Drydenin his version
has ' gut-gripings, ruptures').
Guy: Guvof Warwick, whoslewtliegiantCoi.nRAND
(q.v.) H8 v. iv. 23 not Sam.son, nor Sir diiij.
gyve vb.: to fetter, shackle 0th. ii. i. 17l'(Ffi34
giue, Q(] cutcli).
gyves: fetters, shackles (also fig.); Ham. iv. vii.
21 Convert his g. to graces (?' regard his impri-
sonment as an ornament to liim, au'l so calling for
more devotion from them ').
H
H : Ado III. iv. 55, quibble on ache sb. (q.v.).
ha (2 is freq. and is chiefly S.)
1 exclamation expressing wonder or surprise,
eagerness, indignation ; often preceded hy ha or
ah (Tp. v. i. 203 Jla, ha! What things are these !,
Ham. I. v. 150 \h, ha, boy ! sayst thou so?).
2 used as an interjectional interrogative = cli ?
Mer.V. II. V. 44 What says that fool . . . ha?
3 in.trticulate vowel sound, expressing liesitatioii
or interruption in speech, often with hum Troil.
iir. iii. 287, Per. v. i. 84.
ha' : worn-down form of have.
hatoer-de-pois : Eliz. form of avoirpupois.
habit: the common moil, senseot 'settled practice,
custom' occurs only three times (Gent. v. iv. 1,
Mcr.V. I. ii. 02, Ham. i. iv. 2'J), the usual S.
meanings being 'dress, garb' and 'bearing,
demeanour', wliicli are app. blended in some exx.
habited: not pre-S. in the sense 'dressed, attired'
Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 569, Tit. ii. iii. 67 is it Dian,
habited like her?.
habitude: constitution, temperament Compl. 114"*.
hack vb. : of uncertain meaning in Wiv. ii. i. 52,
IV. i. 09; the context suggests some indelicate
ref. (cf. Hackney).
hackney : common woman LLL. in. i. 35.
hackney'd : see common-hackney'd.
haggard: sb. wild female hawk caught wlicn in
her adult plumage Ado in. i. 36 as coy and wild
As li-s of the roek, Shr. iv. i. 190 to inein my h.
(fig.), Tw.N. in. i. 72 ; (licnce) wild and intract-
able woman Shr. iv. ii. 39 ;— adj. wild, intractable
0th. III. iii. 200 if I do prove her haggard.
haggle (not pre-Eliz. in any sense): to hack,
iiiaiiglc H5 IV. vi. 11 York, all haggled over.
hag-seed: a hag's offspring Tp. i.ii. 305.
hair (3 a common Eliz. sense ; Ant. i. ii. 200 like the
courser's hair refers to the popular notion that
a liorsehair placed in water will turn into an eel)
1 type of something small or slight, jot or tittle,
iota Tp. I. ii. 217 .\'oi a h. iicrish'd, 2H4 i. ii. 20 it
IS not a h. amiss, Troil. iii. ii. 191 // 7. . . sivcrve
a h. from truth ; so h-'s breadth Wiv. rv. ii. 3 ; to
a /(., to a nicety, witli the utmost exactness
Troil. III. i. 159.
2 against (he /(., contrary to the natural tendency,
against the grain Wiv. n. iii. 42, Troil. i. ii. 28.
3 kind, nature, stamp, character 1H4 iv. i. 61 The
quality and hair of our attempt.
HAIR-BREADTH -
loo
- HANDSAW
hair-breadth: not pre-S. as ad j. Otli. i. iii. 13i>.
halberd: military weapon, used cliiefly in tlic
loth and IGtIi eent., consisting of a sliarp-cdged
blade ending in a point and a spearlicad mounted
on a liandle five to seven foot long Err. v. i. 185,
■■iUC-, IV. iii. 20. R3 i. ii. 40.
halcyon: a bird (identified with tlie kingfislier)
ul which the ancients fabled that it bred about
the time of the winter solstice in a nest floating
on the sea and produced a calm for the space of
fourteen days ; (hence) /(. dai/x = period of calm
1H6 I. ii. 131 ; in Lr. ii. ii. 83 (urn /heir h. heats
Wil/i ererij (I'lle there is a ref. to tlie belief that
a dried specimen of the bird hung up so as to
move freely would turn in the direction of the
wind.
half: one of two partners LLL. v. ii. 250 III not he
your It., Shr. v. ii. 78 / iciU be ijniir h. ( = sliare
the risk witli you); (hence) wife Cxs. ii. i. 274 /o
we, your self, tjoitr li.\ cf. Ado il. iii. 188 [177J
lidlf iiii/^t!f ( = my wife).
half- blooded (not pre-S.): of superior blood by
dill' parrnt only Lr. v. iii. 81 H. fellow.
half-cap : lialf-conrtoous salute (S.)Tim. ii. ii. 222.
half-chsck'd, cheek'd (Fl h<ilf(() chfrkt or che let) :
applied to a hit in which the bridle is attached
lialfway up the cheek or side-piece, thus giving
insufficient control over the iiorse's mouth Shi',
in. ii. 68.
half-cheek: side-face (S.) LLL. v. ii. 617.
half- face: thin face John i. i. 92 (cf. next).
half-faced (1 cf. 'grotes, halfe giotes, and sliyl-
linges with halfe faces' Stow's Chronicle, 1.561)
1 (orig. of a coin) having a profile stamped upon it
like the groats and ha f-i;roats first struck in 1503
(18tli year of Henry Vli) John i. i. 94 A li. e/roat
(applied contemptuously to a thin-faced man);
so linlf-fnced fellow 2H4 in. ii. 280.
2 with only one half of the face visible 2116 iv. i. 98
our half-faced sun, strinnq to shnic.
3 imperfect, half-and-half 1H4 i. iii. 208.
half-kirtle* : (a) jacket, (b) the petticoat attached
til it 2H4 V. iv. 24.
half-part: half John ii. i. 4.37 He is the h. of a
lile\std man, Per. iv. i. 94 H., inates, h..'.
halfpence: small pieces iS.) Ado ii. iii. 157 [147].
half-supp'd: half-satistieJ Troil. v. viii. 19 My
lialf-siipp'd sword.
half-sword: at h., at close quarters with swoiiLs
1114 II. iv. 185 at lialf-sivord with a dozen.
half-world : hemisphere Mac. ii. i. 49.
halidom: orig. the holy relics upon which oaths
weio sworn, the ancient formula beiiiij ' as hclpc
me God and halidome ', altered later to ' by my
halidome', which was subsequently used by
itself as a weak asseveration Gent. iv. ii. 138 By
my II., I was fast asleep, Shr. v. ii. 100, H8 V. i.
117 Xow,_ hy my h., M'liat iiuinner of man are yon? ,
Kom. I. iii. 43. ^ In old odd. hallidome, hollidatii,
holydainie ; the form liolydaiiie is due to associa-
tion with 'dame', the phrase being popularly
taken as = by our Lady.
hall (3 not recorded beloie S.)
1 baronial or squire's residence Shr. ii. i. 189 Kate
of Kale- Hal I.
2 tlie Hedl, Westminster Hall, formerly the seat of
the High Court of Justice 118 ii. i. 2.
3 (( hidl .', a cry to clear the way or make sufficient
iiioiii, etg. for a dance Kom. i. v. 30.
halloo: in mod. edd. represents a to, alow of old
edd. in Lr. in. iv. 76.
hallow: to shout, (intr.) Gent. v. iv. 13, AVint.
HI. iii. 78, 2H4 I. ii. 216; once trans. Tw.N. i. v.
293 Hallow your name to the nverhcrate hills.
Hallowuiass: the feast o( All Hallows, All Saints'
Hay, Nov. Ist, Gent. ii. i. 28 to speak pulni/i, lilce
a li<!/:/ar id H., Meas. II. i. 133, R2 v. i. 80 (old edd.
Uollowwass ; ' Hallowmass'. . . was, in S.'s time,
ten days nearer the winter solstice than now,'
Clark and Wright). ^ Cf. All-Hallowmass.
halt: halt or lame man Sonn. Music iv. 10 [Pllgr.
308] A cripple soon can find a h.: an alteration of
the proverb ' It is hard halting before a cripple'
(Heywood, 1562); cf. 'It is ful hard to halten
vnespied Byfore a crepul, for he kan the craft '
(Chaucer).
Hanies Castle: Ham in Picardy 3H6 v. v. 2.
hammer (the literal .scnre also occurs)
1 to devise, plan 2H6 i. ii. 47 h-ini/ treachery ; al.so
intr. to deliberate earnestly upon or of Gent. i.
iii. 18 that Wlierion tins month I liare been li-iny,
Wint. II. ii. 49 hammer'd of this desiijn.
2 (of an idea) to be persistently in the mind Tit. ir.
iii. 39 Blood and revcnye are h-ing in my head.
hand sb. (the foil. obs. uses of phrases are found)
1 with preps.: at h., (i) at the beginning, at the
start Caes. iv. ii. 23 like horses hot at h.; (ii) by
liand John v. ii. 75 a lion foster'd up at h.:--at or
in any h., of all h-s, in any case LLL. iv. iii. 219
Tilt re fore, of all h-s must ire be forsicorn, Shr. f.
ii. 150 see thrit at any h., 229, All'sW. iii. vi. 44 in,
any h.;-by Ihis h., by one's own or another's //.,
used freq. in asseverations Tp. in. ii. 57 by this
II., I will supplant .wine of your teeth. AYL. in.
ii. 420 by the white h. of Bosalind, AllsW. in. vi.
75, 2H6 V. iii. 29 by my h., lords, 'ticas a ylorioiis
day, Troil. iv. i. 22 Hy Venus' h. I swcar.Coi: iv. v.
156, Ven. 80 ; also /or mt/ h. Shr. i. i. 193 ; in one's
h., led or held by one John ii. i. 236, R3 iv. i. 2,
H8 V. iii. 22, Cor. v. iii. 23, Tit. v. iii. 138 ; brief
in h., shortly to be dispatched John iv. iii. 158 ;
ni h. with, occupied or engaged with Ven. 912 In
II. with all tliinys, nour/htat all effectiny ; — of one's
Ii-s, in respect of one's actions or valour in fight
Wiv. I. iv. 27, Wint. v. ii. 186 [178] a tall fellow
of thy h-s, &c., 2H4 n. ii. 74: out of h., (i) at
once 1H6 in. ii. 102, 3H6 iv. vii. 63," Tit. v. ii.
77 ; (ii) done with 2H4 in. i. 107 were these in-
7i'ard -wars once out of h.;—unto thy h., ready for
thee Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 29.
2 with verbs: bear in h. (freq.), todeludc (a person)
with false hopes or pretences, pretend or profess
to do something Meas. i. iv. 52, Ado iv. i. 309,
Shr. IV. ii. 3, Mac. in. i. 81, Ham. ii. ii. 67 ; r/nr.
hic your h-s, applaud MND. v. ii. 68 [i. 444] ; 'laid
. . . hy the II., secured 2H4 i. iii. 21 ; haic . . . in h.
have to do with Tw.N. l. iii. 70 ; holds h-s with,
is the equal of John ii. i. 494 ; lay h. on heart,
reflect Rom. ni. v. 192 ; made a fine h. or fair h-s,
succeeded, done well H8 v. iv. 76, Cor. iv. vi.
118: lake {join, close) h-s refer to the ceremony
in file marriage .service Ado iv. i. 310, v. iv. 56,
AYL. v. iv. 135, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 374. 396, John
II. i. 532-3; will to h., call for execution Mac. in.
iv. 139.
hand vb.: to handle Tp. i. i. 26 //. n rope ; to deal
with Wint. n. iii. 63, iv. iii. |iv.] 360.
handfast II the phrase is only S.)
1 fiiiu hold ; in h., held fast Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]798.
2 marriauc-i'ontract Cym. i. v. 7S.
hand-in-hand*: well-matched Cym. i. iv. 80 a kind
(if liniiil-in-liand eiiiiiparison.
handkercher, -chief: in old edd. also -cheff'e,
-rliif(f)e. -chiifi.
handsaw : saw managed with one hand 1H4 ii. iv.
190 my sword hacked like a h. ^ In Hani. ir. ii.
407 [397] tchcn the wind is southerly,! know a hank
from a /(.', usually explained as a corruptiou of
HANDSOME —
101
HARRY
'lier(olnso\v', 'lier(o)nsliaw', but dial, variants
of suoli a type, e.g. ' lia(h)nser ', ' lia(h)nsey ', are
recorded only from East Anglia : see hawk sb.
and the comni.
handsome: proper, fitting, becoming, decent
Ado IV. ii. 9'J one that hath two i/owns, <iud cicrij-
llunr/ h. about him, v. iv. 105 ; ? also in Ham. ii.
ii. 475 [46G] more handsome thanjine*; adv. 2H4
It. iv. 304 tliat ever I dress nvisclf handsome.
handsomely : conveniently Tit. ir. iii. 208 if ice
miss to iiuit him h. ; elegantly, neatly Tp. v. i.
l'y:i trim it Ii., Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 770 Ac iceursthem
■not lidndsiimilij.
handy-dandy : words used in the cbildreu's game
• which liaiul will you liavc'; — cliooso which you
please Lr. iv. vi. 158 change places; and, h.,
nhicli is the justice, which is tlie thief?.
hang (pa. t. aiid pa.^pplc. hunn, except in the sense
'put to death by hanging', in which hiinf/cd is
usual ; in MND. v. i. 307 Qq hani/<d, Fihtimi ; in
AYL. III. ii. 18:?, Cym. ii. iv. 08, Pilgr. xiv. 3'[183]
hani]cd is used for hunc/) ■.—hnni/ off, leave go
MND. III. ii.200 ; havf/iip, liangon a gibbet LLL.
IV. iii. 54 love's Tyburn, that h-s up simplicity,
luini. III. iii. 50.
hanger : strap on a sword-belt from whicli the
sword hung Ham. v. ii. 157, &c.
hanging" : gloomy Meas. iv. ii. 35 a hawjing look.
hangings: fruit on a tree Cym. iii, iii, 03 my
nullow hanyinys.
hangman : playfully applied to Cupid, Ado in. ii.
11 the little /'.; attrib. ? = fit for the hangman
Gent. IV. iv. 01 hangman f boys' (Ff hangman's
boyes or boy).
hap: dear hup, good fortune Rom. ii. ii. 189; by
hdjis, by cliancc Ado in. i. 105.
haply, happily : in the sense 'poreliance, per-
haps' tlie old edd. have haply about twice as
freq. as happily : exx. of the latter are Shr. iv.
iv. 54 (Ft Q), Tit. iv. iii. 8 (Qq), Ham. i. i. 134
(Fi), Lr. I. i. 102 (Ff; Qi Ifappdi/, Qq23 haply),
0th. II. i. 282 {FUn\ ui. iii. 203 (Qq ; Ff) Haply.
happiness: propriety, appropriateness, felicity
Ado II. iii. 202 [191]'7/« hath . . .a good outward*
h.; Ham. II. ii. 217 ah. that often madness hits on.
happy adj.
1 propitious, favourable ; phr. in h. time Shr. Ind.
i. 90, AU'sVV. v. i. 0, C;«?s. ii. ii. GO, Ham. v. ii.
214, 0th. Ill, i. 32 ; ni a h. hour Ado iv. i. 288 ; in
very h. season 2H4 iv. ii. 79 ; all meaning ' at an
aiipropriato moment, in time ' ; also Kom. in. v.
112 in happy time = .'i jU'opos.
2 apt, dexterous, skilful Gent. iv. i. 34 Have you
the tongues 7— My youthful travel therein made me
h., Cym. in. iv. 177 telllum Wherein you are happy.
3 appropriate, fitting, felicitous 1H4 v. iv. 102 I'll
gild it with the happiest terms I have, IHO in. ii. 18
tins happy stratagem, Tim. i. i. 10 tliat happy verse.
happy vb. : to render happy Sonn. vi. 0.
harbour sb.: shelter, lodging Meas. i. iii. 4, LLL.
ir. i. 174, 2H0 in. i. 330, v. i. 108, Tim. v. iv. 53,
Lucr. 768.
harbour vb. : to lodge ; trans. Err. i. i. 136 any
place that h-s men, Tw. N. ii. iii. 106 she h-s you
as her kin.iman, John ii. i. 262; intr. Gent. lii. i.
140, K2 I. i. 195, 3H0 iv. vii. 79.
hard adj. (the ordinary lit. and fig. meanings occur)
1 hardened, obdurate Tim. iv. iii. 270, Mac. in. iv.
143, Ant, in. xi. [xiii.] Ill when ice in our vinoas-
ness grow hard.
2 too h. for, too mucli for, more than (one) can
manage LLL. ii. i. 250.
3 harsh to the ear Ado v. n. 39 a hard rime.
hard adv. (I c£ ' a Trotting Horse, wlieu he sets
hard, and goes of an uneasy rate ", Holme's
Armoury, 1088).
1 with an uneasy pace AYL. in. ii. 334 trots hard.
2 Go h. (wdh), fare ill (with), be hurtful or disad-
vantageous (to) Gent. IV. iv. 2, Mer. V. in. ii. 291,
Shr. IV. ii. 80, iv. iv. 109 It shall go h. ifCambiogo
without her, 3H0 n. vi. 77 ; go h. but introduces a
statementof what will happen unlessoverwhelm-
ing difficulties prevent it, esp. it shall ejo h. but I
will = I will assuredly Gent. i. i. 86, Mer.V. in.
i. 78, Ham. in. iv. 207.
3 with difficulty 3H6 v. i. 70 The h-cr match'd, the
greater victory, 0th. i. ii. 10 I did full hard forbear
him; so hard-a-keepiny, difficult to keep LLL. i. i.
05 ; hard-rul'd, managed with difficulty H8 in. ii.
102, liard-bclicving, incredulous Yen. 985.
4 close, near (freq.) Wiv. iv. ii. 41 //. by, iv. ii. 114,
h. at door. Err. iii. ii. 124 h. in the palm of the
hand. Ham. I. ii. 179 it follow'd h. upon, 0th. n.
i. 270 hard at hand.
hard-favour'd : of unpleasing countenance, ugly
AYL. ni. iii. 31, H5 in. i. 8, Yen. 133.
hardim.ent : boldness, bold exploit 1H4 i. iii. 101
changing h. with great Glendower, Troil. iv. v. 28,
Cym. V. iv. 75. [vi. 22.
hardiness : boldness, daring H5 i. ii. 220, Cym. in.
hardly (the meaning ' scarcely ', into which 2 im-
perceptibly passes, is the commonest)
1 severely, harshly H8 I. ii. 105, Cym. in. iii. 8.
■2 with difficulty Gent. i. i. 143, n. i. 120, 2H4 n.
iv. 123, Cor. v. ii. 78 Iiras h. moved, Mac. v. iii. 62.
hardness: difficulty 0th. in. iv. 35 0.' hardness
to disstinble, Cym. v. v. 432; hardship 0th. i.
iii. 2.{4, Cym. iii. vi. 21.
hardock: (?) burdock Lr. iv. iv. 4(Ff 12 Hardokes,
(,1(1 hor-dorks, mod. edd. hoar-docks f, harlocksf,
hltrdorks-f).
hare-bell: wild hyacinth Cym. iv. ii. 222.
hare-finder: in the sport of coursing, one whose
business is to espy the hare in her form Ado i. i.
19:f [180)/o tell us Ciipid [who is blind !] is a good li.
hark : used imperatively to start or urge on dogs
in the chase Tp. iv. i. 260 there, Tyrant, there!
hark, hark!.
harlockt: see hardock. ^Actually recorded once,
from Drayton's Dowsabel.
harlot: lewd person Err. v. i. 205 she with h-s
feasted, Cor. in. ii. 112, Kom. 11. iv. 46, attrib.
Wint. n. iii. 4 the harlot king.
harlotry: courtesan 0th. iv. ii. 239 (Qi harlot) ;
silly wench 1H4 in. i. 198, Rom. iv. ii. 14 A
peevish self-will'd h. ; attrib. as a vague term of
contempt = ' scurvy ', worthless 1H4 n. iv. 442
tlicsc harlotry players.
harniony: music, tuneful sound Tp. in. iii. 18
'What h. IS this?. Ham. ill. ii. 385 [378]. U The
earliest meaning.
harness : body-armour Troil. v. iii. 31, Mae. v. v.
52 ; used for men-at-arms 1H4 in. ii. 101.
harness'd: armed, in armour John v. ii. 132,
Troil. I. ii. 8.
harp: to hit upon, guess Mac. iv. i. 74.
Harpier (Harper t): ? error for ' harpy' Mac. iv. i. 3.
harpy: fabulous monster, rapacious and filthy,
having a woman'sface and bocty and a bird's wings
and claws, supposed to be a minister of divine
vengeance Tp. in. iii. 83, Ado n. i. 282.
harrow: to lacerate (the feelings), distress Ham.
I. i. 44 it h-s me with fear and wonder; I. v. 10 a
tale . . . whose lightest word Would h. up thy soul ;
with play on the lit. sense Cor. v. iii. 34 /.ft the
Volsces Plough Home, and harrow Italy.
Harry /«n shillings: ten-shilling pieces coined in
the reign of Henry VIII, 2H4 ui. ii. 239.
8
HARSH
102
harsh ('rough to the ear' and 'rude, roughly
offensive ' are the commoner S. meanings)
1 unpleasantly rough (i) to the touch Troil. i. i. CO,
(ii) to the t;iste (lig.) 0th. v. ii. 114.
2 (?) of unpleasant or rougli aspect Sonn. xi. 10
Harsh, featureless and rude.
harvest : season lor reaping corn ; fig. Ado i. iii.
27, Tw.N. III. i. 146 come to harvest ( = ripene[l),
Cyni. 1. i. 40. Tf The fig. use of the sense 'ripened
fruit or i)roduce ' is much commoner.
harvest-home: fig. occasion of profitWiv.ii.ii.292.
haste sb. : i«/i.,(l) with speed, quickly, e.g. Mer.V.
n. ii. 187 [180] Return tn h., R2 i. i. 150 In h.
whereof { = ' in order to expedite tliis proof) ; Lr.
II. i. 26 t' the h.\ so in all h., with all possible
speed R3 iv. i. 66, Troil. i. i. 121 In all swift h. ;
(2) eager to get something done quickly, in a
hurry, e.g. Gent. l. iii. 89 He is in h.; therefore 1
pray you, go ;— make h. is freq. ; in tlie same
sense are used take his h. Tim. v. i. 215, put it to
the haste Ant. v. ii. 195.
haste vb.: to urge on, speed, accelerate Mer. V. ii.
ii. 124, 1H4 III. i. 142, Cor. v. i. 75, Rom. iv. i. 11 ;
Ham. I. V. 29 H. me to know't = Let me know it
quickly. [-21-
hastily : quickly, speedily Ado v. i. 45, John i. i.
hasty (the ordinary mod. sense is frequent)
1 quick, speedy 2H4 ii. i. 143, Rom. v. i. 64 A.
powder, Cses. iv. iii. HI, Ham. ii. ii. 4 Our h.
sendinq.
2 in a hiirry Ado v. i. 49, 2H4 iv. v. 59, R3 iv. iv. 163.
hasty-witted : inconsiderate, i-ash Shr. v. ii. 40.
hat : used like cap 1 (iii) Cor. ii. iii. 104 to have my
hat ; exclamation by this hat! Wiv. i. i. 175 (cf.
HOOD).
hatch vb.: (2 chiefly tinder or beneath the h-cs,
which is now associated with the mod. sense
of ' grated framework covering the hatchway ')
1 half-door, gate or wicket with an open space
above Err. iii. i. 33, John l. i. 171 In at the window,
. or else o'er the h. ( = born irreguLarly), v. ii. 138
take (=jump over) the hatch, Lr. m. vi. 76.
2 pi. movable planks forming a kind of deck in
ships Tp. I. ii. 230, "Wiv. ii. i. 95, 2H6 in. ii. 103
/ stood upon the hatches, R3 I. iv. 13, Per. ill. i. 72.
hatched' : closed with a hatch Per. iv. ii. 37.
hatch'd'-: h. in silver, inlaid with strips of silver,
fig. of hair streaked with whiteTroil. I. iii. 65. _
hatcixment: square or diamond-shaped tablet dis-
playing the armorial bearings of a deceased
person Ham. iv. v. 214 No trophy, stvord, nor
hatchment o'er his bones.
hate : cause of hatred (not pre-S.) John iii. iv. 28,
Cor. I. i. 189.
hatefully : malignantly Yen. 940.
haught: haughty R2 iv. i. 254 thou h. insulliny
man, 2116 I. iii. 71 (Fi hawjhtie), R3 li. iii. 28 h.
and jiriiud.
haug'hty : high-spirited, high-minded, exalted
1H6 II. V. 79 this h. great attempt, iv. i. 35 A.
courage, R3 iv. ii. 37.
haul : to drag2H4 v. v. 38 (Ffias Hall'd, F4 Hal'd,
Q lUiUh).
haunch : fig. latter end 2H4 iv. iv. 92 the haunch
of iiin/cr.
haiint sb. : public resort, society of men AYL. 11.
i. 15 our life exempt from public h.. Ham. iv. i. 18
oulofh.{= secluded), Ant.rv.xii. [xiv-l^i And all
the haunt be ours ( = we alone shall be run after).
haunt vb. : trans, to frequent the company of,
arcompanv or follow persistently Err. iii. ii. 83,
M.\D. 11. ii. 85 do not h. me thus, 1114 11. iv. 4'.ts,
Troil. iv.i.lO how Diomed . . . Did h. yon in the field ;
ir.tr. to resort Labitually.reiuain continually Mac.
- HAZARD
I. vi. 9, 0th. I. i. 96 to h, about my doors, Coinpl.
ViO following tvhere he haunted.
hauthoy (old edd. Ho(e)-boy) : wooden double-reed
instrument of high pitch 2H4 in. ii. 355.
have (often reduced to ha', in old edd. ha, a ; in
me rather had R2 iii. iii. 192 there is confusion
between the two idioms, ' 1 had rather ' and
'me were better')
1 idiomatic uses with it -.—hare it, have the victory
Shr. V. ii. 182 thou shult hat ; in phrases like
let me have it = tell me it Wint. i. ii. 101, 11. i.
25, H8 II. i. 145, Ham. 11. ii. 572 [565] ; of. 0th. I.
iii. 379 We loill have more of this.
2 idiomatic uses of the impei-ative : — have after =1
will follow Ham. i. iv. 89 ; have at thee or you = l
shall come at you, I shall attack you 2H6 11.
iii. 93 /(. at thee with a downright blow, Rom. rv.
V. 126 ti. at yon with my wit ; — h. at it = I will
begin or attempt it Wiiit. iv. iii. [iv.] 300, Cym,
V. V. 316 ; /(. at you = I will address you LLL.
IV. iii. 290 ; h. through = I will go through 2H6
IV. viii. 64; /(. to it = l will set about it Shr. I. i.
142 ; so IV. V. 78 H. to my wulow ; v. ii. 37 ha' to
thee = here's to your health ; h. with thee, you =
I'll go along with you Wiv. n. i. 160, 0th. i. iL 53.
3 elliptical uses : — Wiv. 11. i. 37 I have [scil. some-
thing] to show to the contrary. Cor. n. iii. 181
I have no further [scil. business] tvilh you, Tim.
IV. iii. 288 What wmildst thou, have to Athens!
(= What commission do you wish to give me
for A. ?) Ham. iii. ii. 101 / hac6 nothing [scil.
to do] ivith this answer.
4 to be versed in, know Gent. iv. 1. 33 H. you the
tongues ?, Mer.V. l. ii. 73, Tw.N. 1. iii. 133, Wint.
IV. iii. [iv.] 622 till he had both tune and words,
H8 v. V. 15.
5 to grasp the meaning of (a person), understand
Ham. II. i. 68 You have me, hate you not?.
6 with will : to maintain or assert to be 1H6 in.
i. 30 If I were covetous . . . As he will have me.
have-at-himt [see have 2 for the phr. have at] :
attack, stroke H8 11. ii. 85 I'll venture one h.
(Fi ni venture one ; haue at him, Ff 2 3 1 one heave
at him).
haver : possessor Cor. n. ii. 90 dignifies the haver.
having': possession, property, wealth, estate
Wiv. III. ii. 76 The ge>Meman ts of no h., AYL.
in. ii. 401, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 743, H8 11. iii. 23
Om/- content Is our best h., Cym. i. ii .20 ; also pi.
H8 in. ii. 160 ; in 0th. iv. iii. 94 our h.* = our
allowance of expense (J.) ; fig. endowments,
'gifts', accomplishments Troil. ui. iii. 97,
Compl. 235.
haviour : behaviour, bearing, manner Wiv. i. iii.
84, Tw.N. in. iv. 229, R2 i. iii. 77, Ham. i. ii. 81
the dejected h. of the visage, 11. ii. 12 (Ff humour),
Cym. in. iv. 9.
havoc : cry h., orig. to give an army the order
'havoc !' as the signal for pillaging John 11. i.357.
Cor. III. i. 273, Caes. in. i. 273 Cry ' //. .' ' and let slip
the dogs of war. Ham. v. ii. 378 This quarry cries
on h. ( = calls for merciless slaughter).
hawk sb. : in Ham. 11. ii. 406 [397] commonly taken
to be the bird (ef. handsaw), but perhaps a
variant of ' hack ', which was applied to various
tools (if the mattock, hoe, and pickaxe type.
hawk vb. : fly at, as a hawk M.ac. 11. iv. 13.
hawking : 'iLawk-like, keen ' (Schmidt) All's W.
I. i. 106 his hiiuking eye.
hay' : country (huue having a winding or serpen-
tine nioveiiunt I.LL. v. i. 166.
hay- (S.): home-thrust Rom. n. iv. 28.
hazard sb. : (2 the prevailing sense ; 4 cf. ' Peloiiso
. . . the lower hazard in a tennis-court ' Cotgr.)
HAZARD
103
-HEARTED
1 game at dice at which the chances are compli-
cated by a number of arbitraiy rules H5 iii. vii.
98 ; hence fig. come or r/o to It., to run extreme
risks Mer.V. ir. ix. 18, HS m. vii. 98.
2 venture, chance, (hence) risk, peril, jeopardy ; —
phr. on (the) hazard, at stake Troil. Pro!. 22 Sets
all on /(., C*s. V. i. 08 ; put in h., risked Cor. il.
iii. 2t)4.
.3 thing risked or staked Mer.V. i. i. 152.
4 each of the winning openings in a tennis-court
H5 I. ii. 263 We will in France. . .play a ait
,'<h(tll strike his father's crown into the hazard.
hazard vb. : Ant. m. x. [xii.] 19 h-cd to thy tjracc,
depending for its fate on thy favour.
he : he. .. /ie = one . . . another Mer. V\ iv. i. 54 'Why
he cannot abide a yapinrj pig ; Why he, a harmless
necessary cat; Why he, a woollen baijpipe, Troil.
IV. i. 66 he as he ( = the one as well as tlie other),
Sonn.xxix. f'eatnr'dlikeh)m,li!;chim irith friends
possessed ; cf. MND. iii. ii. 25-6, Cor. i. vi. 36 Ran-
sominfi him . . ., IhreaVning the other, Mac. iv.
iii. 80 his jewels and this other's hmise,
head sb. (the chief idiomatic, technical, and special
uses are the foil.)
1 put for ' ears ' LLL. iv. iii. 336 When the sus-
picious h. of theft IS stopp'd, Troil. iv. v. 5, Per.
If. iii. 97 Loud music is too harsh for ladies' heads ;
for ' mouth ' Cym. v. V. 158 Those [viands] which
I heav'd to head ; = the mod. 'face ' in the phr. to
(one's) head Meas. IV. iii. 151, Ado. v. i. 62, MND.
I. i. 106.
2 .antlers of a deer, roebuck, &c. 1H6 iv. ii. 51
Turn on the bloody hounds with h-s of steel \ quibble
in Troil. iv. v. 31, 45, 46 ; of the first h., said of
a deer, &c., at the age when the antlers are first
developed LLL. iv. ii. 10.
3 source of a river ; fig. source, origin All'sW. i.
iii. 180 Your salt tears' h., R2 i. i. 97, Ham. l. i.
106 The source of this our watch and the chief head
Of this post-haste.
4 headland, promontory Ant. iii. vii. 51.
5 category Tim. iii. v. 28* set quarrclliny Upon the
head of ralour.
6 hostile advance, resistance Ham. iv. V. 101*
Laertes, in a riotous head.
7 body of people gathered or raised, armed force
John v. ii. 113 this yallant h. of war, 1H4 i. iii.
285 by raising of ahead, iv. iv. 25, Cym. in. v. 25 ;
phr. make (a) h., raise a body of troops 1H4 iii. i.
65, 3H6 ir. i. 141 Making another h. Cits. iv. i. 42,
Cym. IV. ii. 139 make some strow/er head.
^ The S. phr. head and front (Otli. i. iii. 80) prob-
ably = summit, height, has been used with other
meanings by mod. writers.
head vb. : to behead Meas. ii. i. 256.
head borough : parish officer having the same
functions as a petty constable Shr. Ind. i. 12
(third-boroiighf).
headly: reading of Fi in H5 iii. iii. 32 headly
murder (other Ff and mod. edd. heady). ^ In
early English the word was applied to the
' capital ' or ' deadly ' sins.
headpiece : helmet H5 iii. vii. 154 ; covering for
the head Lr. iii. ii. 26 He that has a house to put
his head tn has a good h. ; head, brain Wiut. i.
ii. 227.
heady : headlong, precipitate, impetuous Err. v. i.
216 heady, rash, 1H4 ii. iii. 60, Lr. ii. iv. Ill my
more headier will ; of a stream H5 r. i. 34 With
such a heady currance, scouring faults.
health: welfare, well-being, prosperity Mer.V.
v. i. 114, 2H4 IV. iv. 81 H. to my sorereign, Tim.
II. ii. 207 to the state's best h., Caes. iv. iii. 36, Ham.
I. iii. 21, I. iv. 40 Be thou a spirit of h. or goblin
damn'd. ^ This sense survives in the phr.
' drink a health ', recorded first from S., Shr. iii.
ii.l73 He calls for witie : ' A health I ' quoth he.
healthful: healthy All's W. ii. iii. 54, H8 i. i. 3,
Ham. III. iv. 141 ; fig. Oaes. ii. i. 319 Had you a
healthful ear to hear it.
heap sb. (3 a late ex. of this sense ; cf. Coverdale,
Ezekiel xxxviii. 22 ' vpon him and all his heape ')
1 phr. on heaps, on a heap, in a fallen or prostrate
mass, prostrate, in ruins H5 v. ii. 39 all hir
husbandry doth lie on h-s, Tit. ii. iii. 223 Lord
Bassiamis lies . . . All on a h., Tim. iv. iii. 101
laid proud Athens on a heap.
2 mass AYL. i ii. 74 the great h. of your knowledije,
2HG V. i. 157 Hence, h. of wrath, Tim. v. i. 157
such h-s and sityns of love and wealth. Per. I. i. 33
all thy whole heap must die.
3 great company or body R3 il. i. 53 Among this
prinrily h. ; phr. on h-s, upon a h., in a body H5
IV. v. 18, Troil. iii. ii. 27, Cses. I. iii. 23.
heap vb. : Wint. iv. i. [iL] 22 the h-ing friendships,
increase of friendly relations.
hear (some special uses) : Mac. in. iv. 32 We'll h.
oursclres again (=we will talk with one another
again) ; Ctes. i. ii. 203 he h-s no «nt,?/c ( = does not
listen to, pays no attention to) ; Per. i. iv. 54
hear these tears ( = hear of, be informed of), cf.
Cym. II. iv. 17 h. The legions . . . sooner landed.
hearing :
1 in the sense of ' faculty or sense by which sounds
are heard' is used in contexts wheie ' ear(s)'
would now be usual, e. g. Tp. i. ii. 205 terrible To
enter human h., LLL. ii. i. 75 younger h-s are
quite ravished. Ant. V. ii. 95 I'ou lie, up to the h.
of the gods, Ven. 428 iiwuld . . . I had no htm-ing.
2 report, news Shr. v. ii. 183 'Tis a iinnd h. ii lun
children are toward, Cym. III. i. 4 tin im mnl h.
hearken (2 peculiar to Eliz. and Caroline times)
1 to inciuire or seek after LLL. i.i. 217 to h. after the
jHesh *, Ado v. i. 221 H. after their offence, K3 i. i. .54.
2 to be on the watch Shr. rv. iv. 53 ; to wait for
Shr. I. ii. 263, 1H4 v. iv. 52 h-'d for your death.
hearse: cofldn 2H4 iv. v. 112, IH'6 i. i. 104, R3 i.
ii. 2, C£es. in. ii. 170. TJThe only meaning in S.
hearsed : coffined, buried Mer.V. iii. i. 96, Ham. i.
iv. 47 hcarsal tn death ; fig. Lucr. 657.
heart ( in 1H4 iii. i. 251 Heart !, taken by some in
sense 3, is the abbreviation of ' God's heart ! ',
'sheart !')
1 disposition, temperament Meas. v. i. 385 Xot
changing h. with habit. Ado ii. i. 327 a merry h.
2 feeling Mer.V. i. ii. 139 with so good h. (^so
heartily).
3 freq. as a term of endearment, appreciation or
commendation, and compassion Tp. i. i. 6 Heigh,
my h-s 1 cheerly, cheerly, my h-s!, LLL. v. i. 113
sweet h., H5 n. i. 123 poor heart, Cym. i. i. 112
take it, /«.; cf. MND. iv. ii. 27 where are these h-s ?
( = good fellows).
4 vital or essential part, core, centre, essence
Wiv. II. ii. 238 the heart of my purpose, Tw.N. i.
V. 204 the h. of my message. Cor. i. vi. 55 Then-
very heeirt of hope. H S. is the earliest authority
for in h. (Shr. iv. v. 11), fight one's h. out (Troil.
III. ii. 53), /(. of h. (Troil. iv. v. 170, Ham. iii. ii.
78), wear my h. upon my sleeve (Oth. i. i. 64), elo
aiiij man's heart good (MND. I. ii. 74).
heart-hlood : essence Troil. iii. i. 35 h. of beauty.
heart-burned : suffering from heartburn Ado ii.
i. 4, 1H4III. iii. 59.
heart-dear : 2H4 ii. iii. 12 (so Ff ; Q heeirts deere
Harry).
hearted: fixed in the heart Oth. i. iii. 373 / hate
the Moor : my cause is h. ; iii. iii. 449 hearted throne.
HEARTLESS
10+
- HEIGHTEir
heartless: spiritless, disheartened Kom. i. i. 72,
Liur. 471, 1392. ■] Usually taken =' unfeeling '
111 Soiin. Music iii. 35 [Pilgr. 279] h. f/rottnd, liut
this meaning is otherwise not recordel before
the l^lthoent.; perhaps -'sterile' (an Eliz. sense).
heartlings : see Od.
heart-offending' : wounding tlie lieart 2HG in. ii.
I'll li. (if"nt^ \ cf. hemi-sore siijhs Gent. i. i. 30.
heart's-ease : peace of mind H5 iv. i. 25(5; name
ula ]iM],ular Eliz. tune Kmii. iv. v. 104.
heart-sore Gent. i. i. .30, heart-struck ( = diB-
trrssing the heart) Lr. lii. i. 17, and heart-
whole ill the sense of ' liaving tlie affections
free ' AYL. iv. i. 51 are not pre-S.
heart-stringfs : in old anatomy, the tendons or
nerves supposed to brace and sustain tlie heart
Gent. IV. ii. G3, Lucr. 1141 ; in sing. /;om Iieart-
shinr/, (jocularly) = from my lieart 115 iv. i. 47.
hearty : as a complimentaryepithetAnt.lv. ii. 38.
heat sb. : Tw.\. i. v. 139 one dratii/ld above It.
(? = beyond the point at which the body becomes
warmVith moderato drinking).
heat vb.: (?) to run swiftly over Wint. i. ii. 96.
heat pple.theated John iv. i.Cl The iron... h. red-hot;
? ill Tw.N. I. i. 26* iiU seven years h. (? = lieated
fur seven years by the sun's rays).
heath : see long heath.
heave sb.: deep sigh Ham. iv. i. 1 ; thrust 118 ii. ii.
S5 one lteave<d him {Fi'^n ; cf. havk-at-him).
heave vb.: pa.t. and pa. pple always heaved; the
luianing 'utter' (a groan, word)"is not pre-S.,
AVL. 11. i. SQ h-'dfor/h .such yroans, Lr. IV. iii. 27
lunv'elthe name of 'fa/hcr' I'anttnyly/orHi.
heaven (metrically treate 1 as ono'or as two syll.;
not pre-Eliz. in exclamations of surprise, etc.;
often put for ' God ' in old edd. in deference to the
Act to re.strain Abuses of Players, of 1C05-0;
sometimes in sing, with pi. concord E2 i. ii. 6,
Mae. 11. i. 4 ; also in pi. with sing, concord John
111. i. 108, Mac. IV. iii. 2-30).
1 fiftor of h., the sky Mer.V. v. i. 58.
2 used ifig. with lef. to the ancient astronomical
division of the realms of space around the earth
into ' spheres ' or spherical shells lying one out-
side another H5 i. Clior. 2 ! for a Mnse of fire,
th(U Honld ascend The hrujIUcst h. of invintion.
heaven-hiied : blue Compl. 215 h. sapphire.
heavenly : divinely Otli. v. ii. 133 heavenly true.
heavily : sadly, sorrowfully Ado v. iii. 18. RJ i.
iv. 1 Wh 1/ looks your Grace so h. to-day .?, Ham. ii.
ii. 316 [309], Mac. iv. iii. 182 the tidinys, Which
I have heavily home.
heaviness : drowsiness Tp. i. ii. 307, 1H4 iii. i.
21s. ^ The commonest S. .sense is 'sadness'.
heaving' sb.: deep groan or sigh "Wint. ii. iii. 35.
h2avingppl.adj.:risingTroil.ii.ii.l96oH>-/(.A7j/(-f»,v.
heavy (the literal sense of 'weighty', and the tig.
senses of ' oppressive, grievous, sore ', ' sad,
sorrowful '.'distressing, saddening', and 'sleepy,
drowsy ' are freq.)
1 weighty, important, serious All'sW. ir. v. 50
matter of h. consequence, 1H4 ii. iii. 68 h. biisiiiess,
H5 II. ii. 53, Lr. v. i. 21 3Iost just and h. causes.
2 dull, stupid 0th. ii. i.ll'i heavy igtiorance .' thou
prnisest the worst best,
3 slow, sluggish MND. v. i. 377 The h. r/ait of nujht,
John III. iii. 43 [thy blood] h. thick {heavy'-thickf),
iv. i. 47 h. time, Ant. ill. vii. 38; cf. heavy-
gaited K2 in. ii. 15.
4 (of a deed or its agent) grievous, heinous,
wickid Meas. ii. iii. 28, "Wint. in. ii. 209, John iv.
lii. M, Hain. iv. i. 12 heavy eleid .'.
heavy-headed: drowsy or stupid with drinking,
clniukeii 11am. i. iv. 17 heavy-headed revel.
hehenon (Ff,', hebona (Qq) : (?) yew, which was
notorious for its poisonous properties Ham. i. v.
62 juice of cursed h. ^] So ' iouyce of Hebon ',
Marlowe ' Jew of Malta ' in.
Hebrew: reading of Fi in Gent. n. v. 58, Mer.V.
I. iii. 58, 179 ; cf. Ebrew.
Hecate (usu. 2 syll.; 3 syll. in IH6111. ii. 64, as also
once in Milton, (iomiis 535); goddess of Greek
mythology supposed to preside over witchcraft
and magical rites MND.v.ii.l4 [i. 391] (Fj Hecates),
Mac. HI. V. 1 (Fi Hecat), Lr. 1. i. 112 (Fi (jq Heccat;
used abusively -hag, witcli 1H6 ni. ii. 04 that
railinej Hecate (viz. Joan of Arc).
hectic: hectic or wasting fever Ham. iv. iii. 69.
Hector: transf. in allusion to the Trojan hero
-= valiant warrior "Wiv. i. iii. 11, 11. iii. 35.
hedge (l 16-17tli cent, use ; 2 not pre-S.)
1 liedgc out, shut out, debar Troll, in. i. 66.
2 to go aside from the straight path Troll, in. iii.
158 (Q turne); (hence) to shufile, dodge Wiv. 11.
ii. 27 to shuffle, to heebje and to hnrli.
hedge-born': of low or mean birth 1H6 iv. i. 43 ;
cf. born under a hedge 2H6 iv. li. 58.
hedge-hog : applied to a person who is regardless
of others' feelings R3 i. ii. 103.
hedge-pig : hedgehog Mac. iv. i. 2. *[] Survives in
East Anglian and southern dial.
hedge-priest : illiterate priest of low status LLI..
v. ii. 543.
heed: that which one heeds or pavs attention to
,S.) LLL. I. i. 82 that eye shall be li'is heed.
heel sb.: in phr. referring to (1) flight or speed Err.
I. ii. 94 I'll take my h-s, Mer.V. n. ii. 32 my h-s
(ue at yrnir commandment, AYL. in. ii. 295 i'ou
have a nimble nit : Itlnnk twasmade of Atalanta's
h-s, 1H4 n. iv. 52 slioiu it a fair pair of h-s, Mac.
1. ii. 30 to trust their h-s ; (2) punishment in the
stocks Airs"\V. IV. iii. 119 his h-s have deserved it,
2H4 I. ii. 142 To punish you by tlie h-s ;— out at
h-s, ill unfortunate or decayed circumstances, in
trouble or distress AViv. i. iii. 32, Lr. 11. ii. 164.
heel vb. : to perform (a dance) Troil. iv. iv. 86 1 can-
not . . . h.thchiijh lavolt. ^ Only S. in this sense ; cf.
Ado in. iv. 46 Ye Itylit 0' love tcith your h-s .', v. i v.
122, 115 in. V. 34 our f/race is only in our heels.
heft: straining, retching (S.) Wint. n. i. 44.
heigh: cry of encouragement Tp. i. i. 6, Wint. iv.
ii. [iii.] 2, iVfhey), 10, 1H4 n. iv. 542 [534].
heigh-ho, hey-ho (both forms occur in old edd.):
used (1) to summon a person MND. iv. i. 208
Hciijli-ho! Peter Quince!, 1H4 11. i. \ Hciyh-ho!
. . . ^Yhat, ostler .' ; (2) to express joy AVL. 11. vii,
182 hciyh-ho: the holly .' ; (3) to express sadness or
dejection Ado n. i. 334 cry h. for a liushand, in.
iv. 53, AYL. IV. iii. 170, troil. in. i. 139, Lr. ni.
li. 75/1. the wind and the ram {Qc^hey-ho, Fi heir/li-
ho, mod. edd. hey, ho).
height (old edd. also spelt hciyhth, liujlit)
1 high rank, degree, or position R2 i. i. 189, R3 i.
iii. 83 this careful h., Tit. iv. ii. 34 to be advanced
to this height, Sonn. xxxii. 8.
2 highest jioint, zenith, summit Err. v. i. 200,
John IV. iii. 46, 2H4 11. iii. 63 the tide swell'd up
unto hish. (Fi), R3 in. vii.'187/)iyf/( and h.;—at {the)
/(., at the or its highest point, at its height AYL.
V. ii. 51 at the h. of heart-heaviness, R3 i. iii. 41
(Qq highest). Tit. III. i. 71, Ca-.s. iv. iii. 216 \ye, at
the /(., are ready to decline ;—in h. of, at the height
ofR3 V. iii. 177 ; inh., at hisliighest Ant. in. viii.
30 [x. 21]; jn the h., in the extreme Ado iv. i.
306, Per. 11. iv. 6 ; to the h., to the utmo.st H8 i. ii.
214 traitortothe h., Troil. v. i. 3 ; onh. of our . . .,
on pain of our utmost . . . Tim. in. v. 89.
heighten : to e.xalt Cor. v. v, [vi. ) 22.
BEX]!rOUSZ.Y -
105
-HEY
heinously : very badly, ' shockingly ' lH-1 in. iii.
212.
heir: in transf. use (1) a person to whom some-
thing (e. g. fate, sorrow, &c.) is bouml to fall due
Wiv. V. V. 45 lis of fixed destiuy, K2 ii. ii. 63 mij
sorrow'n dismal It., Ham. in. i. (53 Thai flesh is h.
to; (2) offspring, product 2H-i iv. iv. 122 L'n-
father'd h-s . . . of nature. Yen. Ded. 5 the first
heir of my intention.
heir apparent: used in the strict sense of 'heir
whose right is indefeasible' 1H4 i. ii. 65, &c.,
and also = 'heir presumptive ' 2H6 i. i. 153 (of
the Duke of Gloucester, the King's uncle).
hell : place of confinement for debtors Err. iv. ii.
40 One that, be/ore the judgement, curries poor
souls to hell.
hell-hatei : hatetl as hell Lr. v. iii. 149 h. lie.
hell-hound: applied to a fiendish ] erson R3 iv.
iv. 48, Tit. V. ii. 144, Mac. v. vii. 32 [viii. 3].
hell-kite: person of hellish cruelty Mac. iv. iii.
217. [155.
helm vb. (not pre-S.) : to steer, fig. Meas. in. ii.
help sb. (1 only S. ; 2 a common S. sense)
1 at help, in our favour Ham. iv. iii. 47.
2 relief, cure, remedy Err. v. i. 160, 2H6 iv. vii.
95, Troil. iv. i. 47 There is no help. Cor. in. i.
220, IV. vi. 121, Yen. 93, Sonn. cliii. 11 /, sick
uithal, the help of bath desired.
help vb. (pa. t. and pa. pplc. helped, but more often
holp) : to relieve, cure, remedy Tp. ir. ii. 102
/ will h. his aijtie, Gent. iv. ii. 48 To h. him of his
blindness, Rom. i. ii. 49 Turn giddy, and be holp by
backivarel turning, Lr. iv. iv. 10, Lucr. 1822 Bo
non)ids help uounds /.
helpless: affording no help, unavailing, unpro-
fitable Err. II. i. 39 urging h. patience, R3 i. ii. 13
the Ii. balm of my poor eyes, Ven. 004, Lucr. 1027,
1056 Poor h. help. ^ In Lucr. 756* either this
sense or 'that cannot be helped, irremediable',
as in Spenser's 'helpless hap ', lielpltss liarnis '.
hem : to clear away with a heiu or cough AYL. i.
iii. 19.
hemp : the material of the Iiangnian's halter H5
III. vi. 45 ; so hempen in jocular phr. 2H6 iv.
vii. 94 I'e shall lane a h. caudle then. ^ Of such
phrases there were many, e. g. ' be not caute
in an hempen snare' (Skelton), 'dauncing in a
hempen circle ' (Nashe).
hempseed : gallows-bird 2H4 ir. i. 66*. (Cf. prec.)
hen : chicken-hearted fellow All'sAV. ii. iii. 223.
hence (1 always with here, as in earlier English)
1 in the next world John iv. ii. 89, Ham. iir. ii. 234.
2 henceforward LLL. v. ii. SUBenceeier, 2H4 v. v.
57, 0th. 111. iii. 380/>O)u hence I'll love no friend.
henceforth : for h., for the future Ado v. i. 308.
hence-g'oing : departure Cym. m. ii. 64 ; cf. "SYint.
I. ii. 450.
henchman : page of honour MND. ii. i. 121.
henloft: hen-house Wiv. ui. iv. 41 (Qq 12 ; Ff Q3
jini). TjUsed by Xashe.
Henry : 3 syll. in R3 n. iii. 16 and elsewhere.
hent sb. : in Ham. in. iii. 88* Up, sword, anel know
thou a more horrid hent it is doubtful whether we
have the sense of 'clutch, grasp' or of 'intention,
design ', or whether hent is for hint in its S.
sense.
hent vb. : to take, seize Wint. rv. ii. [iii.] 134*
merrily h. the stile-a ; in pa. pple=reached, occu-
pied Meas. iV. vi. 14 The generous and gravest
citizens Hare hent the gates.
her ; old possessive pron. of the 3rd person pi. =
their; app. surviving in 1H6 i. i. 8'i her flowing
tides, Troil. i. iii. 118 right and wrong . . . Should
lose her names ; mod. cdd. th^ir.
herald sb. (in old edd. also herauld, -null, har(r)ohl)
1 officer having the duty of (i) making proclama-
tions 2H6 IV. ii. 190, (ii) bearing messages be-
tween 1 rinces and hostile forces John. 11. i. 325,
115 III. V. 36, Troil. i. iii. 218, (iii) conveying
challenges H8 i. i. 34, Lr. v. i. 48, (iv) arranging
public processions, funerals, &c. 1H6 i. i. 45,
Cor. v. V. [vi.] 145 the most noble corse that ever
h. Did follow to his nrn, (v) regulating the use of
annorial bearings Shr. 11. i. 223 A h., Kate? 0!
pat me in thy books, Lucr. £06 Some loathsome
dash the herald will conlriie.
2 messenger, envoy LLL. v. ii. 97 Their herald is a
pretty knavish page, R3 I. i. 72, Ham. in. iv. 58
(he herald Mercury.
3 fore-runner, precursor Ado 11. i. 319 Silence is
the perfectest h. of joy, Rom in. v. 6 the lark, the
h. of the morn, Cses. i. iii. 56, Ven. 531 The owl,
■niilht's herald, Sonn. i. 10.
4 attrib. use of 1 (ii) Gent in. i. 144 My h. thoughts in
thy pure bosom rist them ; ^yhlle I, their king . . .
herald vb. : to usher (ix) Mac. i. iii. 102, Per. in.
i. 34.
heraldry : (2 is only S.)
1 art or science of a herald, blazoning of armorial
bearings MND. ui. ii. 213 like coats in h.; fig.
0th. III. iv. 48.
2 heraldic practice or regulation Ham. i. i. 87 a
seaid compact. Well ratified by law and heraldry
('a kind of hendiadys, meaning heraldic law',
Clark and ^Yrigl^t).
3 heraldic title or rauk AU'sW. 11. iii. 279 the
heraldry of your birth.
4 heraldic device, armorial bearings (fig.) Ham. 11.
ii. 487 [478] Hath now this dread and black com-
plexion smear'd With h. more dismal, Lucr. 64
This heraldry in Lucrece' face.
herb-grace, herh-of-grace : tlie plant rue, Euta
graveolens AH'sW. iv. v. l8{Fihearbe of grace),
R2 in. iv.V)b(V iHerbe of b'racf), Ham. iv. v. 181
(Ff Herb{e)-Grace, Qi htarb a greice, Qq herbe of
Grace).
herblet (not pre-S.) : little herb Cym. iv. ii. 287.
here: as sb. = the present life Lr. i. i. l64 ; as adj.
here-approach, arrival Mac. iv. iii. 133, hcre-rt-
main, stay 148.
hereafter: as adj. - future 1H6 11. ii. 10 h. ages,
R3 IV. iv. 391 Hereafter time.
hereby : close by LLL. iv. i. 9 ; in LLL. i. ii. 143
Theit's hereby is app. intended for a country ex-
pression, but the meaning is uncertain.
hereto: hitherto Cor. 11. ii. 05.
hermit : begqing h., (?) mendicant friar Tit. in.
ii. 41 ; beadsman (S.) Mac. 1. vi. 20 We rest your
hermits.
Herod : represented in the old mystery plays as a
blustering tyrant Wiv. 11. i. 20 What a H. of
.Jewry is this!. Ham iii. ii. 16 (see out-Herod),
Ant. 111. iii. 3 H. of Jewry elare not look upon you,
But uhen you are well pleas'd.
Hesperides : nymphs who were, fabled to guard,
with the aid of a dragon, the garden in which
golden apples grew in the Islands of the Blest ;
used allusively and as sing. Per. i. i. 27 this
fait H., Wdli golden fruit, but dangerous to he
touch'd; transf. applied to the garden LLL. iv.
iii. 341 (ref. to the Uth Labour of Hercules).
Hesperus : the evening star All's W. 11. i. 167.
hest: bidding, command Tp. in. i. 37, 1H4 11. iii.
67* iQ 1 ; others hast{e).
hew : Tim. v. iv. 46 hew to "/, cut thy way to it.
hewgh : imitation of a whistling sound Lr. iv. vi.
94 (Qq /i«ff/0.
hey : call to dous Tp. iv. i. 258 ; cry expressing
BEYDA'Sr -
106
HO
excitement, surprise, exultation, Qq haijli AYL.
V. iii. ly, 22, INv.N. rv'. ii. 79, Lr. in. ii. 75;
with nony, nomno Ado ii. iii. 73, AYL. v. iii. 19,
Ham. IV. V. 164. ^ See also ueigh.
heyday: state of excitement Ham. iii. iv. 69 The
It. in the blood is tame. ^ As interj. put in mod.
edd. fov high-day (TTp. ii. ii. 199 [190]), hoyday, q.v.
h3y-ho : see heigh-ho.
Hitobocrates : i. e. Hippocrates, Greek physician
(4th cent. B.C.) Wiv. iii. i. 66.
hide: (pa. pple. usually hid, but hidden occurs in
predicative use 9 times ; 3 cp. all hid)
1 to sheath (a sword) AYL. ii. vii. 119, K3 I. ii. 176.
2 to shield, protect John ii, i. 260, IH-t ii. iv. 295,
CiBS. II. i. 85 To hide thee from prevention, Cym.
IV. ii. 388 I'll hide my master from the flies.
3 hide fox, and all after, old signal cry in the game
of hide-and-seek HauL iv. ii. 32.
hideous : detestable, odious Lr. i. i. 153 check
This h. rashness; shocking Tw. N. in. iv. 216 a
most liideous opinion of his raijc.
hie : intr. and retl. to liasten (freq.).
Hienis : winter personified LLL. v. ii. 899, MND.
II. i. 109.
hig-h aij.: All's W. ii. i. 12* higher Italy, (?) the
Italian nobility ; Tim. iv. iii. 246 at high wish, at
the height of one's desires ; Cses. ii. i. 110 the high
east, the exact cast.
hig'h adv. (in All'sW. iv. iii. 50 higher app. = fur-
ther inland)
1 loudly Ant. i. v. 49 neigh'd so high.
2 Jiiglily Tw.N. i. i. 15 high fantastical, Lucr. 19 liiijh-
proud \ deeply, intensely, very AH'sW. V. iii.
36 3ly high-repented blames, Tit. iv. iv. 63 high-
resolied men.
hig'h and low : short for ' high and low men ',
two kin Is of false dice made so as to turn up
hitrh and low numbers respectively AViv. i. iii.
93'; perh. also Wint. v. I. 207.
high-battled : liaving a lofty command Ant. in.
xi. [xiii.J 29 ; hig'h-blown (S.) : inflated H8 in.
ii. 362 mil h. pride ; hig'h-born or -borne (S.):
of liigh Dirth or exalted lofty LLL. i. i. 171*;
hig'h cross (not pre-S.) : cro.ss set on a pedestal
in a market-place or the centre of a town Shr. l.
i. 136 ; high-day adj.: holiday Mer.V. ir. ix.
98 /(. leit ; high-engender'd : produced in the
sky Lr. in. ii. 23 ; high-gravel-blind : jocular
intensive of sand-blnid Mer.V. ii. ii. 38; high-
grown: overgrown with tall \egetation (S.)
Lr. IV. iv. 7; hig'h -judging' (S.): ? tliat is
siqireme judge Lr. ii. iv. 231; high-lone (not
pre-S.) : quite alone, without support Kom. i. iii.
36 (Qi high lone, Q) hylone, others a lone, alone);
high- minded: arrogant 1H6 i. v. 12; high-
pitch'd : of lofty cliaracter (not pre-S.) Lucr.
41 h. thoughts ; high-proof (S.) : in the highest
degree Ado v. i. 124 ire are h. melancholy ;
high-sighted (S.) : .su|iercilious, arrogant Ca'S.
II. i. lis h.ti/rann I) : high-stomach'd : haimlitv
R2 I. i. 18 ^. . . .'and fall of tn ; higll-Witted":
cunning Tit. iv. iv. 35 h. Tamora.
hight: is named LLL. \. i. 169, MND. v. i. 141.
hild : form of the pa jiplc. of hold used for rhyme's
sake Lucr. 1257. ^ Found also in Golding("l587).
hilding: good-for-notliing fellow AU'sW. iii. vi.
4 ; attrib. 2H4 i. 1. 57 some hxlding fellow; jade,
ba'.'gagc IJom. in. v. 169.
hilt : pi. -sing, (formerly freq.) H5 ll. 1. 69 I'll run
him iip to the hilts, Ca'S. v. iii. 43.
hind ': icmalc of the rcil deer MND. ii. i. 232.
bind " [2 orcurs more frequently than 1)
1 .servant Wiv. iii. v. 101, AYL. i. i. 20.
2 rustic, boor LLL. i. ii. 125, 1H4 ii. iii, IS.
hinge sb.: fig. pivot 0th. in. iii. 366.
hinge vb. (not pre-S.): to bend Tim. iv. ill. 212 h,
thy knee,
hint : occasion, opportunity Tp. I. ii. 134, ii. i. 3
Our h. of woe Is common, Cor. in. iii. 23 ready for
this h., bth. I. iii. 142, Ant. in. iv. 9 When (he
best h. teas given htm, he not iook't, in. ix. [xi.] 18,
Cym. V. v. 173 took his hint. ^ The mod. sense
of 'suggestion' is only in 0th. i. iii. 166'' Upon
ill is hint I spake.
hip ' : on or upon the hip, at a disadvantage Mer.V.
I. iii. 47, IV. i. 335, 0th. ii. i. 317.
hip-: fruit of the wild rose Tim. iv. iii. 425.
hipped: lamed in the hip Shr. in. ii. 50 his horse
h., icith an old mothy saddle. ^ 'The Jiorse is
said to be liipt, when the iiip-bone is remooucd
out of liis right place ' (Topsell, 1607).
Hiren : name of a female character in Peele's play
of 'The Turkish Mahamet and Hyrin the fair
Greek ', used allusively by S. and early 17tli cent,
writers = seductive women, harlot2H4 ii. iv. 172,
188 (? with quibble on ' iron ').
his (3 its is S., but much less freq.)
1 =.that one's 2H6 n. i. 131 his (F{ it, mod. edd.
thatf) cunning . . . that could . . ., Mac. iv. iii. 80
Desire litsjcircls and this otiitr's liouse.
2 often = the genitive inflexion 's Tp. ii. i. 244 [236]
llie king, his son's alive Ham. ii. ii. 520 [512] JUars
liis armour (Qq i-i Marscs Armor, Ff Jlars Ins
Armours); occas. joined redundantly with 's
John I. i. 139 Sir Robert's his.
3 =its (very freq.) Tp. i. ii. 295 / will rend an oak
And peg thee in Ins knotty entrails.
hist (not pre-S.): ' notasileiitii ' (Minsheu, Ductor
in Linguas, 1617) Iloni. ii. ii. 158.
history sb. (in Per. v. i. 119 almost = life-story)
1 narrative, tale, story Tw.N. ii. iv. Ill, 3H6 v.
vi. 28 that tragic h., K3 in. v. 27 The h. of nil her
secret thoughts. Ham. in. ii. 314, 0th. i. iii. 139
m my travel's history, Cym. in. v. 99.
2 story represented dramatically, drama (fig.) AYL.
n. vii. 164 Last scene of all. That ends this strange
eventful h.; historical play or drama Shr. lud. ii.
144, ■H5 i. Chor. 32 Chnrxis to this h.. Ham. n. ii.
425 [416] tragedy, comedy, history, Otli. ii. i. 266.
history vb.: to record, recount 2H4 iv. i. 203.
hit : old form of it, app. surviving in All'sW. v. iii.
197 (FO, Mac. i. v. 48(Ffi2).
hit vb. (3, 4, 5 are not jire-S. as also the idiomatic
hit ithhL. IV. i. 128, and hit or miss Troil. i. iii.
384)
1 hit o/^hit upon Err. in. ii. 30.
2 to imitate exactly Wint. v. i. 127 Your father's
image tsso hit in you.
3 to succeed Mer.V. in. ii. 268 Hath all his ventures
fuit'd? \\hat,notonehit1; to be fulfilled All'sW.
II. i. 146 Oft expectation . . . hits \>liere hope is
coldest.
4 intr. to i;ill in suitably or exactly Tim. in. i. G
this hits right; trans, to suit or fit in with H8 l.
ii. 84 Hitting a grosser quality.
5 to agree Lr. l. i. 308 let's hit together (Qq lets hit ;
Ff. iittssit; mod. edd. let us hitf).
hitherto: up to this point, thus far Ham. in. ii.
218, 0th. I. iii. 185 ; to this place 1H4 in. i. 75.
hive sb. (the ordinary sense occurs 5 times)
1 hived swarm 2H6 in. ii. 125 on angry h. of bees.
2 headgear of plaited straw Conipl. 8.
hive vb.: to lodge together (not pre-S.) Mer.V. II.
V. iS drones hive iioi iinlh me.
ho : in old edd. also hoa and hoiu ; see also iiElon-
lio, Olio, soiio, WHAT no, WHOA HO ; repeated,
it expresses derisive laughter, e.g. MJSU. lu.
ii. 421.
HOAB
107
- tlOLDXNG
hoar adj. (2 is only S.j
1 greyish-white Ham. rv. vii. 168 a iviUo'o . . . Thai
shows his hoar leaves.
2 hoar leprosy, wlute leprosy, elephantiasis Tim.
IV. iii. 35.
3 mouldy Rom. ii. iv. 142, &c. (quibbling).
hoar vb.: to become mouldy Rom. ii. iv. 147 When
it hoars ere xt be spent ; to smite witli ' hoar
leprosy ' (S.) Tim. iv. iii. 15(5.
hoardockf: see hardock.
hoary (once): = hoar 1, Ham. iv. vii. 1G8 (Qq23
horru, Q4 hoary, Qqse hoarie).
Hoh ; by-form of 'Rob '= Robert, used as a generic
name for a rustic Cor. 11. iii. 123 Hob and Dick.
Hobbididance : name of a fiend taken, like Flib-
behtioibbet, from Harsnet, who spells it ' Hober-
didance ' Lr. iv; i. 60 (Qi -dence).
hobby-horse (2 not pre-S.)
1 in the morris-dance, a figure of a liorse made of
light material and fastened round the waist of a
performer, who went through various antics ;
only in quotation from a ballad (perhaps satiriz-
ing Puritan opposition to 'May-games ') LLL. 11 1.
i. 32 The hobby-horse is forgot, Ham. iii. ii. 144-5.
2 frivolous fellow, buffoon Ado lii. ii. 75 ; light
woman LLL. iii. i. 33, Wint. i. ii. 276 (Ff Holy-
Horsc), 0th. IV. i. 158.
Hobgoblin : name for Puck or Robin Goodfellow
Wiv. v. v. 47, MND. 11. i. 40.
hob, nob: variant of 'liab, nab' = have, have not,
Tw.N. in. iv. 265.
hodge-pvidding- (S.): pudding made of a medley
of ingredients Wiv. v. v. 163.
hoeboy : spelling of hautboy.
hoise (hoist is also used by S.)
1 to lioist (sail) R3 iv. iv. 528.
2 to raise, lift Tp. i. ii. 148 there they hoist us (Fi
hoyst), Ham. iii. iv. 207 the enyrncr Hoist with his
men pctar ( -= blown into the air by his own bomb).
3 to remove 2H6 1. i. 170 yVe'll . ..h. Duke Humphrey
from his seat.
Holborn : formerly the place of residence of the
bishops of Ely, K3in. iv. 31.
hold sb. (the sense of 'grasp', lit. and fig., is the
most freq. ; AoW -place in a ship for cargo 2H4
II. iv. 69 IS of different origin)
1 in hold{s), in custody, in prison Mcas. iv. iii. 04,
Shr. I. ii. 121, R3 iv. v. 3.
2 animal's lurking-place Cym. iii. iii. 20.
hold vb. (pa. t. and pa.pple. usually held ; pa. pplc.
once holdtn 2H6 11. iv. 71, once uild, q.v.)
A. Transitive meanings : —
1 to endure, bear Cor. iii. ii. 80 the ripest nnilherry
That will not h. the handiintj, Tim. I. ii. 161, Ham.
V. i. 181 many pocky corses . . . that will scarce h.
the laying in.
2 in various uses where 'have' or 'keep 'is now
the idiomatic verb Tp. 11. i. 66 our garments . . .
/(.,.. their freshness, MND. I. i. 232 Things base
and vile, li-ing no (juiintity, AU'sW. v. ii. 3 when
I haveheldfaiiidiarily with fresher clothes, John i. i.
223 That h-s in chase mine honour up and down,
1H4 II. iv. 437 how he h-s Ins countenance, H8 i.
iii. 8 wlien they hold 'em (viz. fits of the face),
Ham. I. V. 96 while memory h-s a scut In /his
distracted globe, Lr. 11. iv. 245 Hold amity ; refl. =
keep or be (so-and-so) Gent. iv. i. 32, /. . . held me
glad. Err. iii. ii. 69, R3 i. iii. 157, Mac. in. ii. 54
hold thee still, Sonn. Ixxxv. 1.
3 to keep (one's word) Wiv. v. v. 271 ^258].
4 to restrain, keep back, keep waiting, detain
(freq.) Gent. i. iii. 2 sad talk was that Wliereii'ilh
my brother held you. Ado. i. i. 214 [206], Tw.N.
III. iv. 313, John in. iv. 18 H-ing the eternal spirit
. . . In the vile prison, Caes. i. ii. 83 h. me here so
long, II. i. 201 h. him from the Capitol; I\3 iv. i.
81 hath held mine eyes from rest, Mac. in. vi. 25
From whom this tyrant h-s the due of birth \ phr.
hold one's hand Lr. in. vii. 72, hold one's tongue
Sonn. cii. 13.
5 to entertain (a feeling, thought) Gent. in. ii. 17
the good conceit I h. of thee, John. in. iv. 90 Vou
h. loo heinous a respect of grief. Ham. I. ii. 18 Hold-
ing a weak siipposal of our worth.
6 to esteem at a certain value, regard in a par-
ticular way Ado in. ii. 101 he h-s you well, All'sW.
IV. iii. 345 men very nobly held, Tw.N. n. iv. 86,
in. iv. 255, .SH6 11. li. 109 1 h. thee reverently, Rom.
III. iv. 25, Ham. iv. iii. 61 if my love thou h-'st at
aught.
7 to offer as a wager Mci-. V. in. iv. 62, Shr. in. ii.
86 / hold you a penny.
B. Intransitive meanings: —
8 imper. = Here ! take it ! Gent. iv. iv. 134, Wiv.
I. iii. 86 //., sirrah, bear you these letters, I. iv.
162, R3 III. ii. 105 hold, sjiend thou that (Qq ; Ff
there, drink that for mc), Ca?s. I. iii. 117 Hold, my
hand, Mac. n. i. 4 ; also/ioW thee, hold you Shr. iv.
iv. 17, H5 V. i. 61, Cws. v. iii. 85.
9 to remain fast or unbroken, not to break or give
way Shr. n. i. 147, Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 36 If the
springe h., the cock's mine, John v. vii. 56, Ham. r.
V. 93 Hold, hold, my heart!, Cym. I. vi. 69 Can
my sides hold?.
10 ="hold one's hand (freq.) Mac. v. vii. 63. [viii. 34] ;
hence, to refrain AYL. v. i. 14, H8 Epil. 14.
11 to maintain one's position, 'hold out' Ant. iir.
xi. [xiii.] 170 Our force by land Hath nobly hild.
12 to continue ; also, to continue in one state of
mind, be steadfast Wiv. v. i. 2 I'll h., Meas. in.
i. 174, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]36 I'our resolution can-
not h., Tim. n. i. 4, Cais. i. ii. 296 if . . . your mind
h.. Ham. v. ii. 206; phr. h. friends Ado r. i. 93.
13 to be valid or (rue, 'hold good' Wiv. i. iii. 92,
LLL. IV. ii. 42 The allusion holds in the exchange,
All'sW. IV. V. 99, H8 n. i. 149 ; also with an
adj. 1H4 n. i. 59 It h-s current, Tim. v. i. 4 hold
for true, Lr. iv. vii. 85 H-s it true, sir, that . . .?.
14 to take place E2 v. ii. 52* hold those justs and
trniniphs?.
C. Phrases : — hold hands with, bo on an
equality with, match (S.) John n. i. 494; hold
in, (1) intr. keep counsel 1U4 11. i. 85 ; (2) trans,
keep silent about Lr. v. iii. 204 ; hold off, keep
away or at a distance, maintain a reserve Troil.
I. ii. 311, IV. ii. 17, Ham. n. ii. 309 [302],; hold
out, (1) keep out, exclude lH4ii. i. 93 will she
h. out water in foul way ?, Rom. 11. ii. 67 stony
limits cannot h. lore out, Tim. i. ii. 113 ; (2) keep
up, persist in 3H6 ii. vi. 24 /;. out flight ; (3) en-
dure to the end John iv. iii. 156 can Hold out
this tempest, 2H4 iv. iv. 117 /(. out these pangs ;
(4) remain unsubdued, continue or persist in a
course Meas, v. i. 367, LLL. v. ii. 396, Mer.'V. iv. i.
448 h. out enemy for evir, Tw.N. iv. i. 5 Well
held out, John v. i. 30 nothing there holds out But
Dover Castle ; with j< Wiv. iv. ii. 145 ; hold up,
keep going, carry on Wiv. v. v. Ill, MND. in. ii.
239, Ado 11. iii. 1.36 [126].
^ The jihr. /;., or cut bow-strings MND. I. ii. 115*
has not yet been satisfactorily explained.
holdfast: adj. grasping firmly Lucr. 555 in his
h.foot the weak mouse pantcih ; — sb. as a name for
a dog that holds tenaciously H5 11. iii. 55 hold-
fast is the only dog.
holding' (I is S. only ; 2 is an Eliz. use)
1 consistency All'sW iv. ii. 27 this has no holding.
2 burc'en of a song Ant. 11. vii. 118.
HOLDING-AHCHOB -
108
HOirOURABZ.!:
liolding'-anchor : the largest of a sliip's anchors,
shtet-anclior 3H6 v. iv. 4.
hole (1 Eliz. and still in some dial.) [in. vi. 01.
1 \)hr.Jind a h. in his coat, find some fault in him H5
2 spit in the h., (?) spit in the hollow of the hand in
jucparation for vigorous action Shr. in. i. 41.
holiday :
1 spoik /(., use choice language Wiv. in. ii. 72.
2 as adj. (of things) festive, gay, sportive Wiv. li.
i. 2 the h.-tnne of my btauttj, AYL. i. iii. 14 h.
foolery, IV. i. 71 intih. Inunonv; choice, dainty 1H4
I. iii. 46 h. and hidy terms; (of persons) idle,
trifling Tp. ii. ii. 30 a hotidny fool.
holla interj. :=stop! cease ! AYL. in. ii. 259 Cry
' holla ! ' to thy tongue, 0th. I. ii. 50 Holla .' sland
there.', Yen 284; used to excite attention LLL.
V. ii. 898 Holla! approach, Shr. iv. i. 12 Holla,
ho! Curtis, Ham. i. i. 18 Holla! Bernardo ! ; used
to express surprise Tit. ii. i. 25 Holla, ivhat storm
is this? (QqFi Hollo), Lr. v. iii. 72 Holla, holla!.
holla vb. (see also hollow vb.)
1 to cry out loud, shout (trans, and intr.) Mer.V.
V. i. 43 Leave hollaingf (old edd. hollowing), Tw.N.
I. V. 2Vi Holla t your name (Fi Hallow, F2 Hollaie,
Ffsi Hollow), K2 IV. i. 54 as many lies As may he
holla'd t (old edd. hollowed), 1H4 l. iii. 222 in
his ear I'll holla ' Mortimer' (Qqio hollow).
2 to call to the hounds in hunting 'MND. iv. i. 131
A cry more ttincable Was never holla'd to (Fi
hallowed).
3 to call to or after Lr. in. i. 55 Holla the other (Q4
hollow).
hollo interj. : Tit. 11. i. 25 (sec holla).
hollow vb. : = HOLLA vb. (which see for other in-
.stances) Cor. 1. viii. 7 Hollow me like a hare
(//o//((t), Yen. i^l'-ishe hears some huntsnuin hollow
(lji| 123 hallow, tlie rest hollow).
hollow adv.: insincerely, falsely Tw.N. iii. iv.
103; so hollowly Tp. in. i. 70, Meas. 11. iii.
23, hoUowness insincerity Lr. i. ii. 12(3. ^f The
corresponding meaning of the adj. is common.
hollow-pamper'd (Ff ; no hyphen in Q) : 2H4 n.
iv. 177 h. jiides ef Asia, app. a misquotation of
'Holla, ye' pampcr'd jades of Asia!', Marlowe,
Tamburlaine iv. iv. 1.
holy : devoted as a priest to Moas. v. i. 384.
holy-alef! reading of mod. edd. in Per. 1. Cower C
(old odd. Hohjdayes, Holy dayes, iS;c.) for the sake
of the rhyme (festivals), intended as a synonym
of 'church-ale ' = festive gathering in connexion
with a church ; but there is no evidence for the
existence of the word.
holy-horse : reading of old edd. in AYint. i. ii. 27G:
usu. taken as a misprint for hohy-horse, but per-
haps genuine ; cf. the ironical phr. ' He maketh
as though he were as holy as a horse' (Palsgr.).
holy-rood day: feast of the Exaltation of the
11. .ly Cinss, 14th Sept., 1H4 I. i. 62.
holy-thistle: -CARDUusBEXEDicTusAdoiii.iv. 79.
holy-water: fig. balm Cym. v. v. 270; court h.,
izracious but empty promises, fair words Lr. in.
ii. 10.
homager : humble servant Ant. i. i. 31.
home sb. :
1 latest /(., the grave Tit. 1. i.S3 near eit h.; Meas.
IV. iii. 103 Petition us at h., beg for me to
come home Ant. 1. ii. 190 ; from h., abroad John
IV. iii. 151 ; from (one's) h., not at (one's) home
Krr. II. i. 101, Lr. 11. i. 12G ; not at home, not pre-
pared to receive visitors Tw.N. i. v. 110.
2 jdace where one would be, place of rest 1114 iv.
1. 57, 3H6 HI. ii. 173 many lives stand between mc
and h., Sonn. Ixi. 0, cix. 5 mij home of love.
home adj.: domestic Gent. 11. iv. 120, K2 i. i. 205.
home adv.:
1 to its right or proper place, back to the person
or place from which a thing issued MND. in. ii.
172 now to Helen my heeirt is home return'd, AH'sW.
V. iii. 225 ^end for your ring; I nill return it
home, H8 in. ii. 159 come home ( = accrue to yon),
Sonn. Ixxxvii. 12 Comes home again (=returns to
thee).
2 to the point aimed at, so as to reach, touch, or
penetrate effectually (freq. with verbs of striking
or thrusting); hence in various fig. connexions
fully, satisfactorily, thoroughly, plainly :— with
speak, &c., Meas. iv. iii. 152 Accuse him home aiid
home. Cor. 11. ii. 108, in. iii. 1, iv. ii. 48, Ham.
in. iii. 29 tax him home. Ant. i. ii. 114 Speak to me
home ; with pay, &c., Tp. v. i. 71, Wint. v. iii. 4,
1H4 I. iii. 289, Lr. in. iii. 13 will be revenged home;
with know, confirm, .lalisfy, trust All's \V. v. iii.
4, Mac. I. iii. 120, Cym.' ni. v. 92, iv. ii. 328 ;
Wint. I. ii. 2i8 play'd home, played to a finish.
homely (not pre-S. in this sense) : not beautiful,
plain, uncomely Gent. 11. iv. 99 Upon a homely
object Love can wink, Err. 11. i. 89, AYint. iv. iii.
[iv.l4:i9.
homespun : iiistic, clown MND. in. i. 82.
honest (the ordinary mod. sense is freq., as also
are 1 and 3)
1 holding an honourable position, respectable Tp.
III. iii. 34 H. lord, Wiv. 11. ii. 121 Master Page is
an h. man, H8 iv. ii. 161 h. lord; hence (like
'worthy') a vague epithet of appreciation MND.
III. i. 191 Your name, k. gentleman?. Cor. i. i. 65
mij good friends, mine honest ntighhours.
2 decent, seemly, befitting Wiv. i. i. 188, Moas. in.
ii. 170, IV. iii. 189 your company is fairer than h.,
1H4 in. iii. 194 thou shall find me tractable to any
h. reason.
3 chaste AYiv. iv. ii. 110 "Wives may he merry, and
yet h. too, &c., 0th. in. iii. 385 ; transf. Ado in.
i. 84 I'll devise some h. slanelers ('some slanders
which do not afl'ect her virtue ', Wright).
4 genuine Wiv. iv. ii. 129*^ Behold what h. clothes
you send forth to bleaching !.
honesty (the senses correspond to those of the prec.
adj.): honour, honourableness Gent. u. v. 1 by
mine h.!. Err. v. i. 30, A lo 11. i. 398. Ca;s. iv. iii.
07; decency, decorum Tw.N. 11. ill. 96 no nit,
manners, nor h., H8 v. ii. 27, Otli. iv. i. 288;
womanly honour, chastity Wiv. i. iii. 53, &c.,
Ham. III. i. 108; uprightness, integrity Cies. n.
i. 127 ivhat other oath Than h. to h. cngag'd ; — in h.
= in truth Cym. in.vi.09 ; occas. generosity Tim.
III. i. 31.
honey : to talk fondly or sweetly Ham. m. iv. 93.
honey-hag': enlargement of the alimentary canal
in wliich the bee carries its honey MND. in. i.
175, &c.
honey-dew: sweet sticky substance found on the
leaves and stems of plants, supposed to be ex-
creted liy plant-lice Tit. iir. i. 113.
honey-seed: the host's blunder for 'homicide' 2H4
II. i. 60.
honey-Stalks: stalks of clover-flowers Tit. iv. iv.
90. % ' Honeysuckle' was anciently a name for
red clover, and is still in Warwickshire and
other midland districts.
honeysuckle: the host's blunder for 'homicidal '
2H4 II. i. 58.
honour (obs. use) : to do lionour or homage to,
pay worthy respect to 1II6 1. vi. 5, v. iii. 50, 3H0
I. i. 198 To h. me as thy Icing. Per. 11. iii. 61, Yen.
Dcd. 4. tiU I have h-cd you with some graver labour,
Sonn. cxxv. 2.
hononrahle (obs. use): respectable, decent, bo-
HONOUR'S -
109
HOUSE
coming LLL. v. ii. 328 chides (lie dice In h. terms,
Slir. liid. i. 110 bear himself with h. action. ^[ The
meaning 'upright, lionest' is notpre-S. All's W.
V. iii. 241, Rom. u. ii. 143, C;bs. in. ii. 88-9 ; also
the advh. use = ' honourably ' 3H6 in. ii. 123 (so
Fi; Qq Ffosi honourably), Caes. v. i. 60.
honoar'd : lionourable Lr. v. i. 9 h. tore, Ant. iv.
viii. 11 kiss The honour'd f/ashes iihole.
honoiir-flaw'd : of'damaged virtue Wint. ir. i. 142.
honour-owing' (see owe): possessing honour,
liunourablu 115 iv. vi. 9 hono^tr-owiwj wounds.
hood sb. : Mer.V. ii. vi. 51 by my li..' an asseveration
as old as Chaucer, but of uncertain reference.
I hood vb.: to blindlold (a hawk) when it is not pur-
suing game ; always fig. H5 in. vii. 12(5 7(4- a h-id
ralour; and whenit appears, it will bate, Rom. iii.
ii. 14 fsee bate vb.').
hoodman: blindfolded player in blind-man's-buff
AU'sW.iv. iii.l37(alhisivcly);hoodnian-blind,
blind-man's-buff Ham. in. "iv. 77.
hoodwink : to blindfold All's W. iii. vi. 25 TVe will
bind and h. lam, Koia. I. iv. 4, Cym. v. ii. 16 ;
fig. to cover up Tp. iv. i. 206 the prize I'll briny
thee Shall hoodwink tins mischance.
hoof: j' oro' Ih', hoof, on foot Wiv. i. iii. 89 (Ffzsi
olh', FiQsirt').
hoop sb.:
1 tumbler's h., hoop decorated with ribbons of
different colours twisted round it LLL. in. i. 198
[190].
2 one of the bands placed at equal intervals on a
quart pot 2HG iv. ii. 75 the three-hooped pot shall
hate ten hoops.
applied to a finger ring Mer.V. v. i. 147.
hoop vb.': to encircle \Vint. iv. iii. [iv.] 452 (Ff
hoiK).
hoop vb.- (mod. edd. mostly whoop)
1 to shout with astonishment A YL. in. ii. 204 niK/
yet again wonderful .' and after that, out of nil
h-ing, H5 n. ii. 108 admiration did not h. at them.
2 to drive out with derisive cries Cor. iv. v. 84 to be
lluop'd out of Home.
hoot: to shout LLL. iv. ii. CI the people fall a h-iny,
I a-s. I. ii. 245 (Fi howled, Hannier shouted f).
hop : 2H0 I. iii. 140 h. without thy head, be beheaded.
Hopdance: = HoBBiDiiiANCE Lr. in. vi. 33.
hopesb.:
1 out ofh., (i) witliout hope Tp. ni. iii. 11, Slir. v.
i. 14'7 ; (ii) not merely hoping MND.lii. ii. 279; (iiii
past hope Yen. 567 Thinr/sout of h.; (iv) in hopes
H8Prol.8, Cor. iv. v. 85.
2 person or thing that is the centre of one's liopes
1H6 IV. iv. 20 lou, his false h-s, 2H6 ii. iii. 24, H8
V. iv.bdthe h. o' the Slratid, hwcr. W'iQthtir brave h.
3 thing hoped for Mer.V. i. i. 17, Tit. li. i. 74, Sonn.
cxiiii. 11 if thou catch thy hope.
4 expectation 1H4 i. ii. 233 falsify men's hs, Otli.
I. iii. 203 the worst, which late on hopes depended.
hope vb. (obs. use): to expect, anticipate, suppose
115 III. vii. 82, Ant. ii. i. 38.
hopeless: Cor. in. i. 16 To h. restitution, ' in such
a way that restitution should be hopeless',
AYrigiit.
horn (in Lr. in. vi. 79 thy h. is dry tliere is a ref.
to the practice of beggars canning a horn, by
,^ Mowing which they announced tlieir approach
^ and in which they received litjuor given tothem)
1 attributed to cuckolds, who were fancifully said
to wear horns on the brow \Yiv. ii. i. 123, &c.,
Ado I. i. 274 [206], &c., LLL. iv. i. 115, 4;c., John
I. i. 219, Ant. I. ii. 6.
2 pi. deer LLL. iv. i. 114 /o kill horn".
3 h. o/ii')i(i!rf(ii!rf. cornucopia fsymluil of fruitful-
ncss and plenty) 2H4 i. ii. 51 iquibblingly).
horn-beast: horned animal, deer AYL. ih. iii. 53.
horn-book (not pre-S.): leaf of paper containing
the alphabet (ohen with the addition of the ten
digits, some elements of spelling, and the Lord's
Prayer) protected by a thin plate of translucent
horn and mounted on a tablet of wood with a
projecting piece for a handle LLL. v. i. 50.
horn-mad : orig. of horned beasts, enraged so as
to be ready to horn anyone ; hence, of persons,
stark mad, furious Wiv. i. iv. 51, sometimes, by
word-play, mad with rage at being made a cuck-
old ^Yiv. in. v. 158, Err. ii. i. 57 [cf. lines 58, 59],
Ado I. i. 280 [272].
horolog"e (once): clock 0th. ii. iii. 136.
horrid, horridly : nearly synonymous with
' horrible', ' horribly ' Tw.N. in. iv. 223 meditate
. . . iipon some horrid message for a challenge.
Ham. T. iv. 55 So horridly to shake our disposition,
horse (the old pi. without ,« is freq. used)
1 proverbial plir. (of obscure meaning) Shr. I. ii. 82
as many diseases as two-and-fifty h-s, (cf. Lr. in. vi.
21); Tw.N. II. iii. 184 a h. of that colour, some-
thing of that kind ; R3 i. i. 159 I run before my
h. to market, I count my gains prematurely.
2 applied contemptuously to a man (cf. cut sb. 3)
1H4 II. iv. 219 spit in my face, call me h., Troil.
in. iii. 126 o very h.. That has he knows not what ;
cf. 1114 III. iii. 10 a peppercorn, a brewer's horse.
horse vb. (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 to set (one thing up on another) '\Yint. i. ii. 288.
2 to bestride Cor. ii. i. 230 ridges liors'd With vari-
able completions.
horse-drench : draught of medicine for a horse
Cor. 11. i. 132.
horse-hair: used for fiddle-bows Cym. n. iii. 33.
horse-leech: inedicinal leech H5 ii". iii. 68.
horseway : road for horse traffic Lr. iv. i. 56 Both
stile and gate, h. and footpath. \i Cf. the modern
AVarwickshire use of ' horse-road ' for the part
of the roadway allotted to horse and wheeled
traffic (opposed to ' footpath ').
hose: two meanings were current in S.'s time, —
(1) long stockings, e.g. Gent. ii. i. 85 ; (2) article
of clothing for the legs and loins, close-fitting
breeches or drawers, e. g. 1H4 ii. iv. 243 ; esp. in
DOUBLET (Oirf h.;— French h., large, wide breeches
H5 in. vii. 00, Mac. ii. iii. 16.
hostsb.: lie at /i. = host vb. Err. v. i. 413. TJ A
different word from /(04< -= landlord of an inn.
host vb.: to lodge, put up Err. I. ii. 9 Go bear it to
the Ci nittur, where tee h., AU'sW. iir. v. 94.
hostage:
1 security or pledge given to enemies, &c., for the
fulfilment of an undertaking Tit. iv.iv.lOt, Cym.
IV. ii. 185 ; a person thus given and held in pledee
Cor. I. X. 29.
2 (in a gen. sense) pledge, security Troil. iii. ii.
114 Vou know now your h-s; your uncle's ivord,
anil my firm faith.
hot: eager, ardent Gent. ii. v. 53 a hot ?om»", Wint.
rv'. iii. [iv.]702o/io^6j-((m, R3 i. iii. 311, Caes. iv.ii.
19 A hot friend cooling ; angry, in a passion Err. i.
ii. 47 She is so hot because the meat is cold.
hot-house : brothel, stew Meas. ii. i. 67.
hour (treated metrically as one or as two syll.): =
moment Mer.V. iv. i. 19 To the last hour of act.
hourly: marking the hours Lucr. 327 hourly dial.
house sb.: keep (the)h., stay indoors, remain at home
Meas. III. ii. 77, Cym. in. iii. 1 A goodly day not
to k(ip h.; so Tim. lii. iii. 42 Who cannot keep his
wealth must keep his h. ( = stav at home and look
after it) ; cf. AYL. iv. iii. 83 the h. doth keep itself,
Cym. ni vi. 36 Poor h., that keep'st thyself! (i.e.
that ir, empty).
HOUSE -
110
HUMPHREY HOUB
liouse vb.: to drive or pursue into a house Err. v.
i. 18-i.
household: as ailj. domestic, homely Shr. ii. i.
27-' |_'S(.)] ,( Kiitc Coii/onnable us other li. Kates.
household stuff: goods and chattels belonging
to a hciuseliold Shr. iii. ii. 234.
housekeeper :
1 one who keeps at home Cor. I. iii. 56*.
'2 i\oii kept to guard the lionse Mae. iii. i. 07.
housekeeping': liospitality LLL. ir. i. 10+, Shr.
n. i. 35U [358], 2H0 i. i. 192.
housewife, housewifery: rare spelling in old
e<ld. of HCSWIFE, lirsWIFERV.
hovel: red. to take shelter Lr. iv. vii. 30.
hovering: hesitating, wavering Wint. i. ii. 302.
how (iihs. or archaic uses are)
1 jiln'. Jloir's tlic diuj ?, What liour of the day is it ?
Tp. V. i. 3 ; How say you ?, What is your opinion ?
What do you mean ? Tp. ir. i. 262 [254], Ham. ii.
ii. 190; Bowse?, How is that? Why? Wiv. iii.
V. 71, Troil. III. iii. 247. [iv. vi. 22.
2 at wliat price 2H4 iii. ii. 42, Troil. iv. ii. 23, Per.
3 urig. ellipt. for 'How is that?' or 'How say
voii ? ', hence = ' Wliat ! ' Meas. ii. i. 72, Ca.'S. ii.
).312.
howbeit adv.: nevertheless H5 i. ii. 91, Cor. i. ix.
70 ;— conj. althougli 0th. ii. i. 300.
however, howe'er (obs. or archaic uses ; H8 iv.
i. 106 shews the passing of sense 2 into the
modern use = ' for all that ', ' yet ')
1 notwithstanding tliat, although AH"sW. v. iii.
88 Hoive'cr it plaiscs you to take it so, Tlie riny was
never hers, Coes. I. ii. 303 So is he now . , . Hoiv-
cier heputs on this tardy form. [i. iii. 101.
2 in any case, at all events Gent. i. i. 34, All'sW.
howlet : owl Mac. iv. i. 17 (mod. edd. owlei\).
howsoever, howsoe'er :
1 r HOWEVER 1, Meas. ii. i. 237, Ado n. iii. 216 [205],
Cor. V. ii. 32 Howsoever yon hare been Ins liar . . .
you cannot pass.
2 '= HOWEVER 2, MND. v. i. 27, Mer. V. in. v. 05 (Q ,
huirsocre, Q-i how so mere, Ffi2 lioic soin ere), 1H6
IV. i. 187, Troil. in. iii. oOO.
howsomever, howsonie'er:
1 in whatever manner, to whatever degree Ham.
I. V. 84 howsomever thou pursii'st this act {.¥(
howsoever).
2 - HOWEVER 2, Mer.V. in. v. 05 (sec howsoever),
All'sW. I. iii. 68 {¥i howsomere).
howt : see hoot.
hox : to hough, hamstring Wint. i. ii. 244.
hoy : small coasting vessel Err. iv. iii. 39.
hoyday : exclamation of surprise, &c. 1\3 iv. iv.
460, Troil. v. i. 73 (Q hey-day), Tim. i. ii. 139.
huddle (not pre-Eliz. ; neitlier 1 nor 2 is pre-S.)
1 to pile or heap up Ado ii. i. 254 huddliny jest njion
jest with such impossible conveyance upon me.
2 to crowd, throng Mer.V. iv. i. 28 his losses, That
liiive of late so huddUd on his back.
hue: app. archaic in prose use about 1600, being
included in contemporary dictionaries in the lists
of ' Hard Words ' ; not used by S. in prose.
hugger-mugger: in h., secretly Ham. iv. v. 84.
h'alk : large ship of burden or transport 2H4 ii. iv.
69 a h. btUer stuffed in the hold, 1H6 v. v. 6,
Troil. II. iii. 280 (see biti.k' .'?) ; (hence,) big, un-
wiehly person 2H4 I. i. 19 the hulk Sir John.
hull: to lloat or drift l)y the force of the wind or
current acting on the hull alone, drift with sail
furled (also fig.) Tw.N. i. v. 217, H3 iv. iv. 4.;0,
lis II. iv. 197.
hum: utterance of the interjection 'hum !' Wint.
II. i. 70 The shrug, the Itnm or hn, 73 these hums
and has. Cor, v. iv. 23 his hum is a battery.
human, humane: the spelling of old edd. is
always humane for both of the meanings (1) be-
longing or pertaining to a man or mankind, and
(2) befitting a man, kindly, courteous (an obs.
meaning found in 0th. ii. i. 245), kind, benevo-
lent ; mod. edd. mostly follow mod. usage in
allotting human to sense 1 and liumane to sense
2, but comra. are not all agreed as to the mean-
ing in particular instances ; the stressing is al-
ways /iu'/Han(c, exceptperhapsinAVint. in. ii.l66
Kot do'tng it, a'nd being do'ne: he, mo'st hnmii'ne.
humanity : nearly always = human nature ; in
1H6 II. iii. 53 app. = mankind.
humble : the meaning ' submissive, not self-asser-
tive ' occas. passes almost into 'gentle, kind',
e. g. LLL. V. ii. 629, H5 1. Chor. 33 ; so humble-
ness Mer.V. iv. 1. 373, humbly Tit. in. i. 41,
humble-bee: bumble-bee LLL. iii. i. 95, MXD.
III. i. 175.
humorous (not pre-Eliz. in any sense ; 1, 2, and
3 are not pre-S.; 2 and 3 are rare ; the meaning
'full of drolleiy, facetious' ispost-S.)
1 moist, damp Rom. ii. i. 31 tlie humorous night.
2 capricious, whimsical, fanciful AYL. i. ii. 283,
iv. i. 21", John III. i. 119 her h. ladyship (sc.
Fortune), 1H4 iii. i. 234, 2H4 :v. iv. 34, H5 ii. iv.
28 t'am, giddy, shallow, h. youth, Tvoil. il. iii. 139,
Cor. II. i. 52, Ham. ii. ii. 344 [335].
3 moody LLL. in. i. 185 [177J a humorous sigh.
humour sb. (the excessive use of this word in
fashion in S.'s time is often ridiculed by liim,
notably in Nym's jargon in Wiv. and H5)
1 moisture Cres. ir. i. 262 suck up the htimours Of
the dank morning.
2 in early physiology, fluid of an animal or vege-
table body, either natural or morbid ; esp. any
of the four chief fluids of the liuman body (blood,
phlegm, choler, melancholy), by the relative
proportions of which a person's physical and
mental qualities were held to be determined
Ado in. ii. 27 the toothache — Where is hut a h. or
u worm ?, LLL. l. i. 233 the black-oppressing h.
(melancholy was called ' bl.ack choler '), John v.\
i. 12 This inutulation of mistemper'el h., 1H4 ii. iv.
501 that trunk of h-s,'lroi\. I. ii. 23, Rom. iv. i.
96 through all thy veins . . . A cold and drowsy h.,
0th. III. iv. 32.
3 mental disposition, temperament LLL. v. i. 10
his h. is lofty, 2H4 ii. iv. 256 wliat h. is the prince
of?, R3 IV. iv. 270, Cobs. iv. iii. 119 ; pi. LLL. ii.
i. 53, 2H6 I. i. 248.
4 temporary state of mind, mood, temper Wiv. ii.
iii. 79 see what h. he is in, 1H4 in. i. 171 When you
do cross his h. (Qq cotne crossc), R3 i. ii. 229 Was
ever woman in this h. woo'd?, iv. i. M fetd my //.,
0th. III. iv. 124 Were he in farouras in h. alier'd,
Lucr. Arg. 8 In that pleasant humour.
5 fancy, whim, caprice Mer.V. in. v. 69 let it be
as h-s and conceits shall govern, John iv. ii. 209,
Tit. V. ii. 140 yield to his humour.
6 inclination or disposition (/or sometliing), fancy
(to do something) Ado v. iv. 102 Jlout me out of
my h., MN'D. I. ii. 31 my chief h. is for a tyrant, H5
n. i. 58 / have an humour to knock you.
humour vb. (not pre-S.; used nonsensically in
Wiv. I. iii. 61, n. i. 132 ; cf. note on prec. sb.)
1 to comply with the humour of, indulge ; also, to
influence (a person) by observing liis humoui-sor
inclinations Err. iv. iv. 83, A('o ii. i. 399, LLL.
IV. ii. 62, 2H4 v. i. 79, Ca-s. i. ii. 320.
2 toadajit oneself to LLL, in. i. 14.
humoi\r'd: R2 in, ii. 168 /i. //i!(.s', ? (Death) con-
tinuing in this same humour : sec the conim.
Humphrey hour: phr. not satisfactorily ex-
HUNCH-BACK'D -
111
-ZCB
plained in K3 iv. iv. 176 ; supposed to liiivc the
same souico as the plir. 'dine witli Duke
Huniplircy ' ( = go dinnerlcss).
hunch-back'd (not pre-S.) : latei- Qq of R3 iv. iv.
81 lor bunch-back'd.
bnndred : often used vaguely for a great number
Gent. IV. iv. 152, IHO i. i. 123, Ham. I. ii. 237;
TIte Hundred Mirry Tales, a popular jest-book
published in 1526, Ado ii. i. 137 ; li.psidm.s, (?) tlie
psalter as a wliole Wiv. ii. i. 63 (mod. odd.
llundrdllh Psiilmi).
hundred-pound: app. contemptuous epithet for
a pretender to the title of gentleman (perhaps
relerriiig to a minimum property-qualification)
Lr. II. ii. 17.
huudredtht : Wiv. ii. i. 63 ilic Hundredth Pmlinf
(old eild. the hundred Ps((hiis).
Hxingarian: used, by association with 'hunger',
- needy, beggarly Wiv. i. iii. 21 base H. wight!
^ A cant terra of the Eliz. period.
liungerly: starved, famished (freq.)Shr. m. ii.l78.
hungry : unfertile Cor. v. iii. 58 the h. beach ;— 1H6
I. ii. 2S //((()• h. prey = i'>rey of their hunger.
hungry-starved: famished with hunger lH6i.
V. 16 ; cf. laiwjer-starved 3H6 i. iv. 5.
hunt (rare use) : game, quarry Cym. iii. vi. 89.
huntsman: two meanings were cuirent in R.'s
time,— (1) man who hunts, hunter, e. g. MND.iv.
i. Ill ; (2)manager of aliunt, e.g. Shr. Ind. i. 16.
hunts-up : orig. ' the liunt is up ', the name of an
(dd song sung to awaken liuntsmen in the
morning ; liencc, Early morning song Rom. in.
v. 31 limits-up to the day.
hurling': impetuous, violent Ham. i. v. 1.33 ivihl
(Old liiiylnuj irords ((jq iilnirliufi).
hiirly (not pre-S.): ccunmotion Slir. iv. i. 206.
hurly-bixrly : commotion, tumult Mac. i. i. 3
'When the h.'sdfjue; attrib. = tumultuous 1H4 v.
i. 78 hiirlif-burly innovation.
hurricano: waterspout Troil. v. ii. 169 the dread-
fid spout yfiiicli sttipiiien do tlie h. call, Lr. ill. ii.
2 You cataracts and h-es. •] In this sense other-
wise only in Drayton (? copying S.) ' downe tlie
sliower impetuously dotli tall, Like that which
men the Hurricano call ', Moon-Calfe, 1627.
hurry sh. (not pre-Eliz.): commotion, tumult Cor.
IV. vi. 4.
hurry vb. (not pre-S.) : is used trans, and intr. ; in
John v. i. 35* trans, or intr. according as up and
down is taken as adv. or as prep.; Per. iv. i. 20
Hrirrying tuefioin my friends (Qqi23 whirriny).
hurtle : (of weapons, battle) to clatter, crash AYE.
IV. iii. 133 in which hiirllinf) . . . I awalc'd, Cres.
II. ii. 22 The noise of battle liurtled in the air.
hurtless: harmless Lr. iv. vi. 171.
husband si), (cf. the senses of nfSBANDRV)
1 one who manages a household 2H4 v. iii. 11 (Ffs i
Itusbandman).
2 one who manages (well or ill, thriftily or other-
wise) Meas. III. ii. 76, Shr. v. i. 70 while I play the
(food Ii. at home, H8 in. ii. 143 an ill h. ( = a bad
economist).
husband vb. (3 not pre-S.)
1 to till, farm 2H4 iv. iii. 130 land . . . husbanded,
and tilled.
2 to manage with thrift and prudence, use econo-
mically or sparingly Wiv. iv. vi. 53 //. your
device, Shr. liid. i. 68 // // be h-ed loilh modesty
('if it is not overdone'). Ham. iv. v. 137 Fll h.
them so well. They shall ijo far, Sonn. xciv. 6 lius-
biind nature's riches from expense.
3 to be a husband to, marry All'sW. V. iii. 126,
Lr. V. iii. 71 if he should husband you.
husbandman: farmer 2H4 v. iii. 11 (Ffsi)-
husbandry :
1 management (of a household) Mer.V. in. iv. 25
I commit into your liands Tlie h. and manage of
my house ; — goodh., profitable, careful, or econo-
mical management H5 iv. i. 7, Cor. iv. vii. 22 ;
also h.= good h., economy, thrift Troil. i. ii. 7
like as there were liusbandry in tear. Per. in. ii. 20
(in both instances with ref. to early rising).
2 cultivation of the soil, tillage, farming Meas. i.
iv. 44 (fig.) tilth and h., AYL. ii. iii. 65, 2H4 in.
ii. 126, H5 V. ii. 39, 2H6 in. i. 33 they'll . . . choir the
herbs for want of husbandry. [516 [508].
hush adj. (not pre-S.) : hushed, silent Ham. n. ii.
husht: hush ! Shr. i. i. 68 (Ffi2 Q Husht Ffai Hush'd),
Per. I. iii. 10 (Qq Ff3 4). H A 16th-17th cent,
form, which survives in dial. ; mod. edd. sub-
stitute hushf, which occurs 9 times in S.
husks: fig. refuse 115 iv. ii. 18, Troil. iv. v. 165.
huswife, housewife (hous{e)- in Ff thrice, in Qq
once 0th. ii. i. 112)
1 woman who manages a household (freq.) ; applied
to Fortune, Nature AYL. i. ii. 35 the good h.
Fortune, Tim. iv. iii. 426 The bounteous h., Xatnre.
2 liglit woman, Imssy 2H4 in. ii. 344 the over-
scutched Iniswives, H5 v. i. 85, 0th. ii. i. 112, iv.
i. 95, Ant. IV. xiii. [xv.] 44 the false h. Fortune.
huswifery: (good) housekeeping H5 ii. iii. 66,
0th. II. i. 112 (Qq hous{e)it<ifeiiy).
Hydra : used attrib. = difficuit to kill like the
many-headed snake of Lerna(cf. 0th. n. iii. 310;,
whose heads grew as fast as they were cut off
2114 IV. ii. 38 this Hydra son of war ; so Hydra-
headed U5 I. i. 35.
Hyeins:= Hiems.
hyen (late instance of this form, otherwise only
14th cent.) : hyena AYL. iv. i. 163 [156].
Hymen: Greek and Roman god of marriage, re-
presented as a young man cari-ying a torch and
veil Tp. IV. i. 23 H.'s lamps, 97 H.'s torch, AYL. v.
iv. 136 Hymen's bands ( = bonds of matrimony).
Hymenseus : the god Hymen ; hence, marriage
Tit. I. i. 325.
hyperbole: rhetorical figure of speech consisting
in exaggerated or extravagant statement LLL.
V. ii. 408 Th)ee-pil'd hyperboles.
hyperbolical: exaggerated, extravagant Tw.N.
iw ii. 29 h.Jiend!, Cor. i. ix. 51 acclamations h.
Hyperion: sun-god H5 iv. i. 295, Ham. i. ii. 140.
Hyrcania : ancient name of a country south of the
Caspian Sea 3H6 i. iv. 155 ; the adjs. are Hyrcan
Mac. III. iv. 101 the H. tiger, and Hyrcanian
Mer.V. II. vii. 41 H. deserts. Ham. ii. ii. 481 [472]
the Hyrcanian beast.
hyssop : aromatic herb, Hyssopus officinalis, form-
erly grown along with thyme 0th. i. iii. 326.
I' : used, as freq. in the late ;16th c. and in the 17th
c, for 'me' Mer.V. in. ii. 320 all debts are cleared
between you and I, AYL. I. ii. 19 my father hath
no child but I, Sonn. Ixxii. 7 And hang more
praise upon deceased I.
I- : spelling of ay adv. in old edd.
Icarus : in Greek mythology, son of Daedalus, who
fiew so high that the sun melted the wax with
which his artificial wings were fastened on, so
that he fell into tlie jEgean Sea, 1H6 iv. vi. 55,
3H6 V. vi. 21.
ice : symbolical of coldness or chastity A\'L. in.
iv. 17 the very ice of chastity, All'sW. n. iii. 99
boys of ice, R3 iv. ii.22 thou art all ice. Ham. in.
i. 142 as chaste ns ice.
Ice: reading of Ff in Lr. iv. vi. 247 (Q<| lU, mod.
ICE -BROOK —
112
IMAGE
edd. we, Isc) = 1 shall. Tf Tlie form ' -sc ', '-s"
(= shall) is mainly nortbcni.
ice-brook: a sword of Spam, the i. 's tempo; steel
tciupered in icy-cold water; according to some,
that of the river Salo (Xalon) near Bilbilis
(Baubula), in Spain Otli. v. ii. 252.
Iceland dog: shaggy sliarp-eared white dog for-
merly in favour as a lap-dog in England, H5
II. i. 44 (contemptuously, of a personj. TJ Also
called 'Iceland cur' or 'shock', and simply
' Iceland ' (Drayton, 1627).
icy-coldt : some mod. edd. in R3 m. i. 176 (old
ecM. icic, cold).
idea : (occurs thrice ; 3 not pre-S.)
1 image, likeness R:5 iii. vii. 13 your lineaments,
Bcnuj the rUjht idea of your father,
2 mental image or picture Ado. iv. i. 226 Tlie idea
of her life.
3 something merely imagined or fancied LLL. rv.
i\.f)9 forms, figures, shapes, objects, ideas, appre-
hensions.
Ides of March: fifteenth day of March according
to the reckoning of the ancient Roman calendar
Ca-s. I. ii. 18, &c.
idiot (old edd. also ideot): 'licensed' fool, professional
jester John m. iii. 45 (flg.) Making that i.,laar;htcr,
. . . straiti their cheeks to idle merriment, Troil. ii.
i. 58 Mars his i.. Tit. v. i. 79 An i. holds his bauble
for a (jod, Lucr. 1812 esteemed so As sdlij-jccrinrj
i-s are with kings. ^ Also in the sen.se ' block-
head, simpleton, fool '.
idle adj. :
1 ineffective, worthless, vain, trifling LLL. v. ii.
873 your i. scorns, MND. in. ii. 168 waste more i.
breath, Tw.'S. ill. iii. 46 (. markets (= for articles
of fancy or lu.xury), Tim. i. ii. 162 an i, banquet,
rv. iii. 27 I am no u voiarist, 0th. i. ii. 95 Mine's
■not an idle cause.
2 foolish, silly Meas. iv. i. 65 their i. dream, AM'sW.
II. V. 55 An i. lord, iv. iii. 242, John iv. ii. 153
). dreamer, Lr. I. ii. .53, i. iii. 17 I. old man.
3 crazy Ham. in. ii. 95 ; cf. idle-headld.
4 serving no useful purpose, useless, unprofitahle
Err. II. ii. 182 i. moss, H3 iii. i. 103 i. weeds, Uth. i.
iii. 140 anlres vast and deserts idle.
idle vb. : to move lazily or uselessly Rom. ii. vi. 19
the '/(/s-vri mer That idles in the , . . uir\ cf. Meas. ill.
ii. 297 [289] idle spiders' strings.
idle-headed: silly, crazy V/iv. iv. iv. 37 i. eld.
idleness : trifling, frivolous occupation or pastime
Tw.N. I. V. 69, 1H4 i. ii. 218, Ant i. iii. 92-3.
idly: carelessly, lightly John iv. ii. 124, R2 v. ii. 25
the eyes of men . ..Are idly bent on him, H5 i. ii. 59,
Tim. I. i. 20 A thing slipp'd idly from me.
i' fecks : in feith Wint. i. ii. 121.
ignoble (the adv. ignobly occurs only in sense 2)
1 of low birth or base descent 1H6 in. i. 177, v. iv.
7, 3H6IV. i. 70, R3in. vii. 126.
2 base or dishonourable in character Tji. i. ii. llii.
Wint. II. iii. 119, K3 ni. v. 21.
ignominy, and its shortened form ignomy (iVe |.
in the 16th and 17th c.) : dishonour, disgrace Meas.
II. iv. 112 (Fi Ljnomic, Vi^n Ignominy), 1H4 v. iv.
100(Qi|Ff3t ignominy, the rest ignomy}. TroU. v.
X. 33 ((2 ignomyny, Fi' 1 2 better ignomy). Tit. iv. ii.
116 ((-l I hjtiiimie, Vi ignominie,-y).
ignorant (ohs. or peculiar uses ara)
1 uniiifiii-med, unskilled in Wint. 11. iii. 69, Cym.
in. ii. 23 I am ignorant in vliat I am commanded.
2 unconscious «/Meas. 11. ii. ll'J Most i. of what he's
most assur'd.
3 resulting from ignorance 0th. iv. ii. 69" i. sin.
4 that keeps one in ignorance Tp. v. i.67' 1. fumes,
Wint. 1. ii. 397' ignorant concealment.
'ild : see Godild.
iliad : see (eillade.
ill sb. (is used only in the foil, senses)
1 wrongi-doing, wickedness, sin Tp. i. ii.353 capable
of all ill, R2 I. i. 86 So much as of a thought of ill
in him, 0th. iv. iii. 106 The ills we do, Lucr. 91
Whose inward ill no outivard liarmexpress'd.
2 evil inflicted or suffered, mischief, misfortune,
disaster Mer.V. n. v. 17 There is some ill a-brew-
ing. Ham. iii. i. 81 bear those ills we have, Sonn.
cxix. 9 benefit of ill .'. [cf. EVii.)
ill adj. (used in various applications of 'bad ', 'evU';
1 morally evil, wicked Tp. i. ii.454, 455, Wiv. v. v.
137, Meas. ir. i. 68 a very ill house, 2H4 i. ii. 188
his ill angel, 118 iv. ii. 43, Mac. I. iii. 131, Lucr. 579.
2 unskilled Rom. iv. ii. li 'tis an ill cook that can-
not lick his oun fingers. Ham. 11. ii. 119 / am ill at
these tmmbers.
ill- in composition :
1 (objective) ill-boding (not pre-S.) 1H6 iv. v. 6,
-breeding, contriving mischief Ham. iv. v. 15,
-dispersing R3 iv. i. 52, -dieinnig Rom. iii. v. 54,
-(Zo/Hr/ Wint. I. ii. 70, -uttering Ant. ii. v. 35.
2 (adverbial, with pres. and pa. pples.) ill-annexed
Lucr. 874, -beseeming Rom. 1. v. 78, -compos'd
Mac. IV. iii. 77, -disposed, indisposed, ill, sick
(17th c. sense) Troil. n. iii. 85, -erected, erected
for evil purposes or under evil auspices R2 v. i.
2, -got (not pre-S.) 3H6 11. ii. 46, -inhabited (see
i.\H.\BiTED), -nurtur'd 2H6 i. ii.42, Ven. 134, -re-
sijunding Ven. 919, -roasted AYL. in. ii. 39, -ta'cn,
wrongly conceived, mistaken Wint. I. ii. 460,
-tliought-on, unfavourably regarded Troil. i. i.
74, -used R3 iv. iv. 397 (Ff times ill-is'd repast,
Qq time misused o'erpasl), Sonn. xcv. 14, -iceaied
1H4 v. iv. 88 Ill-weav'd ambition ('like badly-
wovcn cloth, loose in texture and therefore
liable to shrink'), wresting Sonn. cxl. 11.
3 (parasynthetic) ill-fac'd, having an unpleasant
face, ugly Err. iv. ii. 20, -facoiirul, ill-looking,
uncomely, ugly Gent. 11. vii. 64, AViv. i. i. 314,
111. iv. 32, AYL. iii. v. 53, Tit. in. ii. 66 (hence
itl-favouredltj, unpleasingly, and so, often = badly
Wiv. 111. V. 70, xVYL. 1. ii. 43, in. ii. 280, H5 iv.
ii. 40), -headed Ado in. i. 64, -rooted Ant. n. vii.
2, -sliapfd Rom. v. i. 44, -sheathed 1H4 i. i. 17,
-spirited 1H4 v. v. 2, -starr'd (not pre-S.) Otb. v.
ii. 271, -tuned 3o\\i\ 11. i. 197.
4 ill-seeming, of evil appearance Shr. v. ii. 144.
I'll: in old edd. spelt He.
illness (once) : evil, wickedness Mac. i. v. 21.
illo:-billu Ham. 1. v. 115.
ill-temper'd: badly tempered or mixed, said of
the humours (see humouk sb. 2) Cies. iv. iii. 114
Vilien grief and blood ill-temper'd vexeth him ;
passing almost into the mod. sense of ' bad-
tempered ' in line 115. ^ Cf. mistesiper'd.
illume (not pre-S.): to light up Ham. i. i. 37.
illusion (obs. use) : deception H8 i. ii. 178.
illustrate adj.: illustrious LLL. iv. i. 65, v. i. 132.
illustrate vb. : to make evident H8111. ii. 182.
illustrious: used as the negative of 'lustrous'
Cym. 1. vi. WJ i. as llie smukg light That's f,d nilh
stinking tallow (mod. edd. iltaslrousf, intustrousf,
unlustrousf).
ill-well: Ado n. i. 124 so ill-wdl, with so success-
ful an imitation of a defect.
image (2 and 4 were 16-1 7th cent, senses)
1 appearance semblance, likeness Wint. v. i. 127
Your father's i. is so hit in you, John iv. ii. 71 Tlie
I. of a ti'iekcd heinous fault, Ham. v. ii. 77 by the
image of ing cause I sie The portraiture of his.
2 visible appearance or form Ham. i. i. 81 Our last
king, Whose vwigccien but noii uppcar'd to us.
IMAGERY
113
— IMPOST
3 counterpart, copy, likeness Meas. ii. iv. 46
lienveii'si. ( = mankind), Shr. Ind. i. 35, lH4v. iv.
120, K3 II. i. 124, Mac. ii. iii. 85 The great doom's
imrif/e, Lr. v. iii. 266, Lucr. 764.
4 representation Ham. in. ii. 251 Tin's pJa/j is the
image of a murder done in Vienna.
5 embodiment, type 2H6 i. iii. 179 /. of pride, Lr.
11. iv. 91 The images of revolt, iv. vi. liS3.
mental picture, idea, conception Tp. i. ii. 43,
MND. V. i. 25 fancy's i-s, Tw.N. ii. iv. 19, Troil.
II. ii. 60, Mac.'i. iii. 135.
imagery (once) : hangings, tapesti-y R2 v. ii. 16.
^ An early 17tli cent, inventory lias ' i j peeces
of tyne tapestrie ofsilke Imagrie '.
imagfinary (1 tlie ordinary mod. sense ; 2 and 3
obs. and somewhat rare, not pre-S.)
1 existing only rn imagination, not real Err. iv.
iii. 10, K2 II. ii. 27 'Whicli for tilings true ireeps
things i., 2H4 iv. iv. b9 forms i., Ven 597 AH is i.
she doth prove.
2 of or belonging to tlie imagination, imaginative
John IV. ii. 265 foul i. eyes of blood Presented thee
more hideous, H5 I. Chor. IS your i. forces, Troil.
III. ii. 18 The i. relish, Sonn. xxvii. 9 my soul's i.
sight.
3 icprL'senting things by means of images Lucr.
1422 much imayiiiury ivork,
imagination : quasi-concr. in R3 i. iv. 80 unfelt
i. (Ff I-s), wliat they imagine but do not realize.
imagin'd: of imagination Mer.V. in. iv. 52 n-ith
i. speed ( = as quick as thought); H5 in. Chor.
1 with i. icing { = \v'\i\\ the wings of imagination) ;
Rom. II. vi. 28 the i. happiness (= happiness
having its seat in the mind).
imljace: 16-17th cent, form of ' embase' in H5 i.
ii.94(Qqio), of uncertain meaning: see next word.
'i\ ' Embase ' is known only in the sense ' lower,
debase, impair '.
im.'bar*: (a) to bar, (b) to bar in, secure H5 i. ii.
94 (Ff imhar(re, Qqi 2 iinbace, Q 3 embrace).
imbecility fonci?): weakness Troil. i. iii. 114.
im.l)ossed, inibost : old forms of embossed ' and =.
imbriie, enibrue (old edd. also embreic) : to stain
or dye with blood Tit. 11. iii. 222 ; transf. (of a
weapon) to pierce MND. v. i. 352 Come, blade, my
breast i. ; (of a person) absol. to commit bloodshed
2H4 11. iv. 209.
imitate : to make (a thing) in imitation of some-
thing (S.) Sonn. liii. 6 the counterfeit Is poorly
imitated after you.
immanity (once): atrocious savageness 1H6 v.i.l3.
immask (S.) : to cover, hide 1H4 i. ii. 200.
immaterial*: flimsy, slight (S.) Troil. v. i. 35.
immediacy (not pre-S.) : direct relation in a
position of authority Lr. v. iii. 66.
immediate :
1 next in succession (to a throne, Ac.) All'sW. n.
iii. 139 (fig.) She is young, wise, fair : In these to
nature she's 1. heir, 2H4 v. ii. 71 The i. heir of
England, Ham. i. ii. 109 the most i. to our throne.
2 passing in direct succession to2H4 iv. v. 41 this
. . . croicn ...?'. from thy place and blood. Derives
itself to me.
3 direct Ant. 11. vi. 137 the immediate author.
immediately : app. legal term = expressly MND.
I. i. 45 according to our law I. provided.
imminence" : impending evil Troil. v. x. 13 7. . .
dare all i. that gods and men Address (see address
2) their dangers in.
immodest : immoderate, excessive Wint. iir. ii.
103 ; arrogant 1H6 iv. i. 126.
imm.oment (S.): of no moment Ant. v. ii. 165.
immortal: heavenly, divine Ant. v. ii. 283*.
immure sb. (S.): wall Troil. Prol. 8 (Fi emures'}.
immure vb. (not pre-Eliz.) : spelt emure in LLL.
in. i. 131, IV. iii. 328 (Qq Fi).
imp sb. : used affectedly = child LLL. i. ii. 5, v. Ii.
589 ; fig. in imp of fame 2H4 v. v. 47, H5 iv. i. 45.
imp vb.: properly a term of falconry, to engraft
feathers in the wing of a bird so as to make good
losses and deficiencies and thus restore or im-
prove the powers of flight R2 11. i. 292 Imp out
our drooping country's broken wing.
inipaint (not pre-S.) : to depict 1H4 v. i. 80.
impair, impare: (?) unsuitable, unfit, inferior
Troil. IV. v. 103 (Vii>npair(e, Q impare, J. impure-^).
impale, empale (both forms in old edd.)
1 to shut or hem in Troil. v. vii. 5 Impale him with
your iceapons round about. [18'.i.
2 to encircle with a crown 3H6 in. ii. 171, in. iii.
impart :
1 to furnish, afford Lucr. 1039 this no slaughter-
house no tool impartcth.
2 to communicate, make known, tell Ham. in.
ii. 349 (Qq only); in Ham. i. ii. 112* love is app. to
be supplied as the object of hnparl, the prep, to-
ward partly depending on it; unless impart =
' impart myself ' (J.).
impartial (not pre-S. ; the ordinary sense in R2 i.
i. 115, 2H4 V. ii. .36) : indifferent Meas. v. i. 166,
Ven. 748. % In Rom. line 1856 (Qi) Cruel, vmust,
impartiall destinies misused for 'partial', a use
found also in Swetnam, ' The Woman-hater,' 1620.
impartment (not pre-S.) : communication Ham.
I. iv. 59.
impasted : made into a paste Ham. n. ii. 490 [481].
impeach sb. : calling in question, challenge, ac-
cusation Err. V. i. 270, 3H6 i. iv. 60.
impeach vb. : to call in question, discredit, dis-
parage MND. n. i. 214 Yon do i. your modesty,
Mer.V. in. ii. 279, hi. iii. 29, R2 i. i. 189.
impeachment (the orig. sen.se = Fr. 'empoche-
nient '; 2 a lGth-17th c. sense ; 3 almost obs. in
tile gen. sense)
1 hindrance H5 in. vi. 154 to march . . . Without i.
2 detriment Gent. i. iii. 15.
3 accusation, charge R3 n. ii. 22.
imperator (old edd. emp-) : absolute ruler LLL,
III. i. 195 [187].
imperious: imperial Troil. iv. v. 171 most i. Ac/a-
mcmuou, Tit. i. i. 2.'i0 (Q2 Ff imperiall), iv. iv. 80
he thy thoughts i., like thy name, Ham. v. i. 235
iFf ImjicriiiUJ), Ant. iv. xiii. [xv.] 23, Ven. 996.
^ Tlie irovailing mod. sense is equally freq.
imperiously: majestically Ven. 265 I. he leaps.
imperseverant (S.), mod. edd. imperccirerant:\in-
(lisceriiing Cym. iv. i. 15. TJ 'Perceiverant ' is
instanced only once. [vi. 179.
impertinency (once) : irrelevant matter Lr. n'.
impertinent : irrelevant Tp. i. ii. 138. ^ Misused
by Launcelot, Mer.V. n. ii. 151.
impeticos : burlesque word put into the mouth of
a fool, app. as a perversion of ' impocket ', and
perhaps intended to suggest 'petticoat' T\v.N.
II. iii. 28.
impierced : see enpierced.
impiety : want of natural piety Tit. i. i. 355*.
impious : irreverent Cym. in. iii. 6.
impleach'd: intertwined Conipl. 205. ^ In early
use only S. ; taken up by mod. poets.
implorator (S.) : solicitor Ham. i. iii. 129.
imply: to involve All'sW. i. iii. 224, Per. iv. i. 81.
impone (Ff) : (?) intended to suggest an affected
pronunciation of 'impawn' = to stake, wager
Ham. V. ii. 155 (Qq impairncd, impaund), 171.
import (comes into general use in the 16tli cent.
with many meanings ; 5, 7 not pre-S.)
1 to bring about, carry with it or involve as a con-
IMPORTANCE -
114
— INCABNATE
sequence Meas. v. i. 109, R3 in. vii. 67, Lr. iv. iii.
5 itlikh is (othe kingdom so much fear and danqev,
Ant. II. ii. 139.
2 to imply, betoken, indicate, signify, denote
Wint. I. ii. 57, Rom. v. i. 28 Your looks . . . do i.
Some misadeenlure, Ham. in. ii. 150 Belike this
show i-s the argument of the play, iv. v. 27, iv.
vii. 81, Otli. IV. i. 140, Sonn. cxxii. 14 To kcip an
adjunct to remember thee ^Ycre to i. forgctfulniss
in me.
3 to bear as its purport, express, state Tim. v. ii.
11, Ham. I. ii. 23 message I-ing the surrender of
those lands, Lr. iv. v. 6, 0th. ii. ii. 3, v. ii. 309 ;
absol. Jolin iv. iii. 17, 1H4 i. i. 51 unwelcome
news . . ., and thus it did i. (Ft' report).
4 to portend 1H6 i. i. 2 Comets, importing change of
times and states.
5 to be important, matter 1H4 iv. iv. 5 How much
they do i. ; witli datival pron. Troil. iv. ii. 52 it
doth i. him much to speak with me. Ant. i. ii. 130
n'lth what else more serious Importeth thee to know.
6 tu relate to, concern LLL. iv. i. 57 This letter . . .
1-cth iionc liere, Otli. I. iii. 285 (Qi concerne).
importance (? 'consequence' or sense 3 in Wint.
II. i. ISO")
1 inattur, affair (of sligiit importance) Cym. i. iv.
47 upon importance of so sliglil . . . a nature.
2 importunity, solicitude John ir. i. 7 At oiir i.
3 import, meaning Wint. v. ii. 20.
importancy : significance 0th. i. iii. 20.
important (obs. sense, not pre-S.) : urgent, press-
ing, importunate Err. v. i. 138 At your i. letters.
Ado II. i. 75, AU'sW. in. vii. 21 his i. blood unit
noui/ht ihng, Lr. iv. iv. 26 (Ff importun'd).
importing': significant, meaning AU'sW. v. iii.
136 her business looks in her ^Vltll. an i. visage.
Importless (S.) : unimportant Troil. i. iii. 71.
importii'nacy ! importunity Gent. iv. ii. 114,
Tim. II. ii. 42.
importune (in the sense of ' ask urgently and per-
sistently ' usu. with a person as obj., but thrice
with a thing)
1 to trouble, weary Ant. iv. xiii. [xv.] 19.
2 to be urgent, impel Meas. i. i. 66 our concernings
shall importune.
importun'd: importunate Lr. iv. iv. 26 My mourn-
nifi and i. tears (Ff; Qq important). ^For the
active meaning of the passive form cf. disdain'd.
impose sb.: injunction Gent. iv. iii. 8.
impose vb. (2 not post-S.)
1 to lay (an imputation) upon H5 iv. i. 159.
2 to subject to a penalty Ado v. i. 286.
im.position (1 only S. ; the sense of ' imposture '
is post-S., but is seen in germ in 0th. ii. iii. 271)
1 imputation, accusation, charge Meas. i. ii. 200
[194] stand under grievous i., Wint. i. ii. 74 tlie i.
clear'd.
2 injunction, command or charge laid upon one
Mer. V. HI. iv. 33 this i,. The which my love . . Now
lags upon you, KJ III. vii. 230, Lucr. 1697 As bound
III kiiii/h/liiiod to her imposition.
impossible : extravagant, incredible, inconceiv-
able Ado II. i. 145 in devising i. slanders, 254*
huddling jest upon jest toith . ..i. conveyance (many
conj.), Tw.N. III. ii. 79 such i. passages of grossness.
imposthume: purulent swelling, abscess Troil. v.
i. 24, Ham. iv. iv. 27, Ven. 743.
imprese: device, emblem R2 iii. i. 25 (Qs).
impress sb.': impression Gent. iii. ii. 6 weak. i. of
loic.
impress .sb.' (not pre-S.) : enforced levy Troil. ii.
i. Iii7, Ham. i. i. 75, Ant. in. vii. 3G.
Impress sb.' (not pre-S.): variant of impkese 112
in. i. 26 {Fiimpress(e, Qq impre{e)s().
impress vb.' (2 is not pre-S.)
1 to produce (a mark) upon or in something by
pressure AU'sW. i. iii. 141, Cor. v. v. [vi.] 108.
2 to mark or stamp (a thing) LLL. n. i. 234 His
heart, like an agate, with your print i-'el, Mac. v.
vii. 39 [viii. 10].
impress vb.2 (not pre-S.) : to compel (men) into
servicelH4i.i.21,Mac.iv.i.95F/ioca»ii.</i«/ores/.?,
Lr. V. iii. 51 turn our i'mprcss'd lances in our
eyes; fig. (absol.) in Compl. 267* Whenthou i-est . . .
(cf. line 271 Love's arms are peace).
impressure (not pre-S.) : impression AYL. in. v.
23, Tw.N. If. V. 104, Troil. iv. v. 130.
improvident : unwaiy, careless (not pre-S.) Wiv.
II. ii. 3u6, 1H6 n. i. 58.
impure : stressed like entire R3 in. vii. 232 all
the I'mpure blots, Ven. 736 with impu're defeature,
Lucr. 1078 pure streams to purije my i'mpure tale.
imputation: reputation TroiK i. iii. 339 Our i.
shall he oddly pois'd In this wild action ; opinion
0th. III. iii. 407* ;. a>id strong circumstances
( = ' opinion founded on strong circumstantial
evidence,' Schmidt).
impute: to reckon, regard Sonn. Ixxxiii. 9 This
silence for my sin you did impute.
in pre^i. (1 extension of the normal use in which
' in with a gerund is equivalent to a clause, e. g.
Tp. II. i. 226)
1 used redundantly with gerunds R2 v. v. 54, lH6v.
iii. 41 suddenly surpris'dDy bloody hands, in sleep-
ing on your beds, H8i. i. 145, Troil. in. iii. 250, Cor.
IV. vi. 132 cast Your . . . caps tn hooting at Corio-
hinus' exile.
2 =at 0th. I. ii. 94 In this time of the night.
3 = on 2H4 i. ii. 237 in a hot day.
4 used where no prep, is now expressed Meas. iv.
iv. 9 why should ice proclaim it in an hour before
his entering.
in adv.:
1 within Troil. in. iii. 97 or without or in.
2 in prison 2H4 v. v. 41 Doll is in.
3 engaged, involved Meas. iv. ii. 112 ( = liable for
punishment), LLL. iv. iii. 20 / would not care a
pin if the other three ircre in, Tw.N. ii. v. 48 now
he's deeply in, R3 iv. ii. 64 /((*)( in So far in blood.
4 in office, in power Lr. v. iii. 15.
5 drunk Ant. n. vii. 38.
in vb. (once) : to get (a crop) in AU'sW. i. Iii. 49
(Fi Innc).
in-a-door (old edd. unhyphened): in doors, at home
Lr. I. iv. 139. ^ ' In a door(s ' was a common 17th
cent. phr.
inaidible tS.) : helpless AU'sW. Ii. i. 122 (mod.
edd. -able).
incag'ed (mod. edd. encaged) : caged, confined R2
n. i. 102, 3H6 iv. vi. 12, Ven. 582.
incapable (occurs 6 times ; not pre-S. in active
senses ; 1, 2, 3, and 4 are construed with of)
1 unable to contain Sonn. cxiii. 13 I. of more.
2 insensible (to one's condition) Ham. iv. vii. 179
incapable of her own distress.
3 not admitl;ingo/Cor. iv. vi. \2l incapable of help.
4 lacking the capacity or fitness (for) Tp. i. ii. Ill
of temporal royalties He thinks me now i., Wint.
IV. iii. [Iv.] 410 (. Of reasonable affairs.
5 unintelligent R3 n. ii. 18 Incapable . . . innocents.
incardinate, incarnal, incarnation : blunders
for ' incarnate' Mer. V. ii. ii. 28(Ff Qqosi incarna-
tion, Qi inrarnall), Tw.N. v. i. 1S6.
incarnadine: to tinge with red Mac. ii. ii. 63 icf'rt
. . . The multitudinous seas i. (Ff printed -ardine).
incarnate: in human shape H5 n. iii. 31, Tit. v. i.
40. ^ Always as an epithet oi devil, as arc also
the corrupt forms above.
INCENSE —
- INI)ISTING1JISHABI.E
incense (obs. use) : to instigate or incite to Wiv.
I. iii. 108, Ado v. i. 247, C*s. i. iii. 13, Lr. ii. iv.
309. 1 Foi- H8 V. i. 43 see insense.
incextain : ' not knowing what to think or do '
(Schmidt) Meas. iii. i. 125 laivless and i. thoughts,
AVint. V. i. 29 ^yhai dangers . . . May . . . devour i.
look(rs-on.
inch ': the furthest inch, the most distant part Ado
II. i. 277 ; the teryextretnest inch, the very utmost
2H4iv. iii. 39 ;«^nn inch, in immediate readiness
2H6 I. iv. 45 ; even to his inches, from top to toe
Troil. IV. V. 111. T] S. is the earliest authority
for I )ie/iM = stature Ant. i. iii. 40, and the fig.
phr. by inches Cor. v. iv. 43.
inch -: small island Mac. i. ii. 63 Saint Cohiie's Inch.
inchmeal : by inchmeal, little by little Tp. n. ii. 3.
incidency (not p4;e-S.) : happening, occurrence
Wiiit. I. ii. 403 what incidtncy of hiirni.
incision : cutting for the piir|iuso of letting blood
LLL. IV. iii. 97 A fever in your blood! uhy, then
i. Would let her out in saucers, Mer.V. ii. i. 0,
AYL. III. ii. 76 6od makei. in thee! (? to cure
thee of thy simpleness), R2 i. i. 155, H5 iv. ii. 9 ;
(bombastically) 2H4 ii. iv. 209.
incivil : unmannerly, rude Cym. v. v. 293 ; so
incivility Err. iv. iv. 48.
inclination : natural disposition, nature, charac-
ter Jolin v. ii. 158, Ant. ii. v. 113.
incline : intr. and reti. with to, to side with Cor. ii.
iii. 42, Lr. in. iii. 14, Ant. iv. vi. 14.
inclining^: party, following (cf. prec.) Oth.i. ii.82.
inclining' ppl. adj.: compliant Uth. ii. iii. 349.
inclip (S.) : to enclose, embrace Ant. ii. vii. 75.
include : to bring to a close, conclude Gent. v. iv.
IGO we will i. all jars Wilh triumphs ; refl. (?) to
resolve itself (into) Troil. i. iii. 119*^.
inclusive (not pre-S.) : enclosing, encircling R3
IV. i. 58 the i. verge Of golden metal ; comprehen-
sive All'sW. I. iii. 234*.
Income (once) : arrival, advent Lucr. 334.
incomprehensible : boundless, unlimited 1H4 i.
ii. -OS the i. lits that this same fat rogue nill tell us.
inconsiderate : thoughtless person LLL. iii. i. 82.
incontinent: forthwitli, at once AYL. v. ii. 44,
1(2 v. vi. 4-!, 0th. IV. iii. 12; so i-/^ 0th. l. iii. 307.
inconvenience : mischief, liarm H5 v. ii. 66, 1H6
I. iv. 14.
inconvenient : unfitting, inappropriate AYL. v.
ii. 74.
incony : (?) rare, fine, delicate LLL. iir. i. 142 my i.
•Ii If, IV. i. 140 most i. vulgar mit. ^ A cant word,
pievalent about 1600, of unascertained origin.
incorporal : incorporeal, immaterial Ham. iii. iv.
117 (Q.().
incorporate pple.:
1 united in one body, closely united or combined,
intimately bound up (with) MND. iii. ii. 208, Cor.
I. i. 136 my i. friends. Tit. i. i. 462 lam i. in Rome,
Cces. I. iii. 135 one i. To our attempts, Ven. 540.
2 associated with another Err. il. ii. 1-26.
3 forming a close union H5 v. ii. 394 their «'. league.
incorpsed (S.) : incorporated, made into one body
liilh Ham. r\'. vii. 87 (Q incorp'st, Ff encorp'st).
incorrect : unchastened Ham. i. ii. 95.
incxea'se sb. (3fre(i. in earth's increase)
1 reproduction, procreation Lr. i. iv. 303 Dry up in
her the organs of increase.
2 oft'spring, progeny R3 iv. iv. 298, v. iv. 51 [v. 38],
Cor. III. iii. 112 her womb's i., Tit. v. ii. 192.
3 multiplication of crops, &c., produce Tp. iv. i.
110 Earth's i., MND. ii. i. 114, 3H6 ii. ii. 164 thy
summer bred us no i., Ven. 169, Sonn. xcvii. 6.
increase vb.: to cause to thrive Cor. iv. v. 236'.
incxeasefal : fruitful Lucr. 968 i. crops.
incredulous: incredible (not pre-S.) Tw.N. iii. iv.
90.
Ind(e : India, or (vaguelj') Asia or the East Tp. ir.
ii. 62, LLL. iv. iii. 222 (rliyming with hlnul); £ast,
^Yestern Ind, the East, West Indies AYL. in. ii. 94.
indeed (the interrogative use=Is it so ? Really?,
as in Wiv. iv. ii. 15, Otli. ill. iii. 101, is not re-
corded before S.)
1 in reality, in truth Tp. i. ii. 103, Wiv. i. i. 26,
MND. III. i. 20 Fyramus is not killed i.; placed
after a word to emphasize it -really and truly
0th. II. i. 145 a deserving woman indeed.
2 in an adversative clause, emphasizing the real
fact in opposition to what is false Tp. ii. i. 57.
indent (2 this meaning arises from the fact that
agreements between mutually contracting
parties wore written in duplicate on one sluct,
the two copies being tlien severed bj' a zigzag
line)
1 to move in a zigzag lino, to double Ven. 704 Turn,
and return, i->ng with the way; cf. AYL. iv. iii.
114 A green and gilded snake . . . toUh i-ed glides
did slip away.
2 to enter into a compact with 1H4 i. iii. 87.
indenture: contract, mutual agreement (lit. and
fig.); peiir of i-s (for the reason of the term see
note on prec.) Ham. v. i. 117.
index : table of contents prefixed to a book, (hence
fig.) argument, preface, prologue R3 ii. il. 148
As i. to the story we late talk'd of, iv. iv. 85 The
/tattering i. of a direful pageant, Troil. i. iii. 343 in
such i-es, although small pricks To their subsequent
volumes. Ham. lii. iv. 52, 0th. ii. i. 265.
India : used allusively for a country fabulously
rich 1H4 iii. i. 168 a« bountiful As mines of India,
H8 I. i. 21, Troil. i. i. 105.
Indies : the East Indies Tw.N. iii. ii. 88 ; allusively
for a place yielding great wealth or to which pro-
fitable voyages may be made Wiv. i. iii. 77 /hey
shall be my East and West I., and I will trade to
them loth. Err. in. ii. 137, H8 iv. i. 45.
indifferency (twice only ; 2 only S.)
1 impartiality John ii. i. 579*.
2 moderate size 2H4 iv. iii. 23.
indifferent adj. :
1 impartial R2 il. iii. 116, H8 il. iv. 15.
2 iK'ither good nor bad, ordinary Gent. in. ii. 44,
Shr. IV. i. 94, Tim. i. i. 31, Ham. ii. ii. 235.
indifferent adv.: tolerably, fairly Shr. i. ii. 184,
Tw.N. I. iii. 145, H5 iv. vii. 35, Ham. in. i. 126.
indifferently: unconcernedly C»s. i. ii. 87;
neutrally Cor. ii. ii. 19; moderately, tolerably,
fairly H5 ii. i. 58 to knock you i. well, Hani. in.
ii. 42.
indigfest : adj. shapeless, unformed Sonn. exiv.
5 ; — sb. (S.) shapeless mass John v. vii. 26.
indigested (not pre-S.) : = indigest adj. 2H6 v. i.
^blfuul i. lump, 3H6 v. vi. 51 (Ff ; qq undigest,
Maloiie indigest t).
indign : unworthy, shameful 0th. i. iii. 275.
indignity : unworthy trait 1H4 in. ii. 146.
indirect: wrong, unjust AYL. i. i. 161, R3 i. iv.
227 no i. or lawless course, in. i. 31,0th. i. iii. Ill
indirect and forced coitrscs.
indirection (not pre-S.)
1 devious course, roundabout means Ham. n. i. OG.
2 irregular or unjust means, malpractice John in.
i. 276 i. thereby grows direct, Caes. iv. iii. 75.
indirectly (2, 3 not pre-S.)
1 wrongly, unjustly John ii. i. 49, H5 ii. iv. 94,
2 evasively Meas. iv. vi. 1, 1H4 i. iii. 66.
3 not in express terms R3 iv. iv. 226.
indisposition: disinclination Tim. ir. ii. 140,
indistinguishable: of indeterminate shape Troil.
INDISTINGUISH'D —
116
INHERIT
V. i. 3:1 Hfjii iiliorison i. cur (? with rcf. to Tlicr-
sites' dftunnitv).
indistinguisli'd : see undistinguished.
indite : misused for ' invite ' 2H'l 11. i. 3i', Rom. 11.
iv. i:iS.
individable": (?) 'where the unity of place is ob-
sLTved' 1 Aldis \Vright)Ham. 11. ii. 427 [4181 (Q-i-s
uiiUiiidiMe, Qqi so indeitidiible, Ff indiiiibte).
indrench'd : immersed Troil. i. i. 53.
indvibitate: undoubted LLL. iv. i. 67. % Re-
coraed from 14S4 (C.-xxtonjto 1678 (Cudworth).
inducement (not pre-Eliz.; 1, 2 not pre-S.)
1 action of inducing All'sW. iii. ii. 91.
2 tliat whicli induces, something attractive R3 iv.
iv. 280, 118 II. iv. 167.
induction : initial step in an undertaking 1H4 iii.
i. 2 our i.fuU of prosperous hope, K3 i. i. 32, iv.
iv. 5.
indxie, endue : . ,Kn x ,
1 to furnish, supply, endow Gent. v. iv. 153, John
IV. ii. 43, H5 11. ii. 139, Cor. 11. iii. 147 ; Ham. iv.
vii. 180 i-d Unto that element, endowed with
qualities fitting her for living in water.
2 to bring to a. certain condition Otii. iii. iv. 145.
industrious: clever, ingenious John 11. i. 376*.
industriously: of set purpose Wint. i. ii. 256.
industry : (?) gallantry LLL. iv. i. 89.
inequality: (?) injustice Meas. v. 1. 65\
inexecrable: not to bo sufficiently execrated
]Mer. V. IV. i. 128 damn'd, i. dog .'. H Some regard
it as a misprint for inexorable, which is the
reading of Ff3 4.
infallible: undoubted, certain Meas. in. ii. 121,
All'sW. I. i. 152 to accuse your mothers, which is
most i. disobedience, Wint. I. ii. 287, 2H6 11. ii. 5
mil title, Which is infiiUihlc to Ew/liuuVs crown.
infamonize [perversion of infamize'] : to defame
LLL. V. ii. 682(Armado).
infant : fig. applied to a young plant Ham. i. iii. 39.
•^ Tliere are several attrib. uses LLL. iv. iii. 78
11 n old i. plaij, John 11. i. 97 )'. stale { ~ ' state tliat
belongs to an infant', Wright), H5 v. ii. 411
[Epil. 91 i. bands, Rom. ir. iii. 23 the i. rind of
this weak flower.
infect vb.: to affect with some feeling Wint. i. ii.
262 a fear Which oft i-s the wisest, John iv. iii. 69
Never to be t-ed li'ilh delight. Cor. v. v. [vi.] 72
infected with my countrij's lore.
infect pplc.: contaminated Troil. i. iii. 187.
infected: affected, factitious Tim. iv. iii. 203 This
is m tliee ei nature but i., Compl. 323.
infection: misused for 'affection' Wiv. 11. ii.
120, Mer.V. 11. ii. 137.
infactious: infected with disease Wint. iii. ii. 99,
(Uh. IV. i. 21 (Qq infected).
infer il, 2 are 16th-17th cent, uses)
1 to bring about, cause R3 iv. iv. 344*.
2 to allege, adduce 3H6 11. ii. 44 Inferring argu-
ments, R3 III. V. 74, &e., Tim. in. v. 74.
3 to prove, demonstrate John iii. i. 213 Thai need
niHstnads i. this principle, 2H4 v. v. 15.
inference : allegation oth. in. iii. 183.
infest: to harass Tp. v. i. 240 Do not i. your mind.
infinite : infinity Gent. n. vii. 70 i. of love. Ado 11.
iii. l\2 past the i. of thought, Troil. n. ii. 29.
infirm (obs. use): diseased All'sW. 11. i. 170.
infirmity (obs. use): illness, disease All'sW. n. i.
71, Cres. i. ii. 274, Mac. in. iv. 86, Cym. i. vi. 124.
inflammation: excitement with liquor 2114 iv.
iii. 10:;.
inflict : to send an infliction or visitation upon,
afflict Per. v. i. 61. ^ Mod. edd. afflictf, but
this use of ' inflict ' can be paralleled from 16th
and 17th cent, writers.
infliction ; fact of being inflicted Meas. i. iii. 28
our decrees. Dead to i. (i.e. dead, as far as their
execution goes).
influence : supposed flowing from the stars or
heavens of an etherial fluid acting upon the
character and destiny of men Tp. i. ii. 182, Ham.
I. i. 119 ; hence, exercise of personal power re-
garded as something akin to astral influence
(ient. in. i. 183 by Iter fair i. Foster'd, illuiniu'd.
^1 In Sonn. Ixxviii. 10 app. = inspiration.
in folio: in the form of a full-sized sheet folded
once LLL. i. ii. 195 ichole volumes in folio.
inform (the obs. uses are as follows)
1 to take shape Mac. n. i. 48 It is the bloody business
which informs Thus to mine eyes,
2 to imbue, inspire Cor. v. iii. 71.
3 to instruct, teach Cor. in. iii. 18, Ant. in. il. 48
nor can Her heart inform her tongue, Cym. i. i. 79.
4 refl. to learn, know' Wint. n. i. 166 i. yourselves.
We need no more of your advice.
5 to give information AU'sW. iv. i.9S, Mac. i.v. 34.
6 to report, tell (a fact) Meas. in. ii. 140 that let me
inform you, AU'sW. iv. i. 87, Cor. i. vi. 42.
informal: (?) disordered in mind, crazy (cf. for-
mal 5) Meas. v. i. 230 These poor infonnal women.
infuse (the sense ' instil ' also occurs)
1 to shed, ditfuse 1H6 i. ii. 85.
2 to imbue, to inspire with Tp. i. ii. 154, Shr. Ind.
ii. 17, R2 in. ii. 166, Cajs. i. iii. 69, Yen. 928.
infusion : infused temperament, character im-
parted by nature (S.) Ham. v. ii. 123.
ing'ag'ed*: (a) pledged, (b) not pledged or engaged
All'sW. V. iii. 96.
ingfener : see enginer.
ingenious (5 cf. the misuse of ingenuous)
1 able, talented R3in. i. 155.
2 intelligent, quick of apprehension Ham. v. i. 270
thy most i. sense ; 'delicately sensitive ' (Wright)
Lr. IV. vi. 288 i. feeling Of my huge sorrows.
3 clever at contriving, skiiful LLL. i. ii. 30 that an
eel is i. (Qi Fi ingenious, Ffi23 Qa ingenuous),
Cym. V. V. 216 torturers ingenious.
4 stilfully contrived LLL. in. i. 61 ((^^ingenuoits),
Cym. IV. ii. 186 My ingenious t instrument (old
edd. ingenuous).
5 usedforiNOENUous-befittingawell-born person,
' lil)eral ' Shr. i. i. 9 ingenious studies.
ing-eniously : ingenuously, frankly Tim. 11. ii.231.
ingeniious: misused, as freq. in the 17th cent.,
for INGENIOUS (q. v. senses 3, 4) LLL. iv. ii. 80 if
their sons be i. (Qi ingenous, Q2 Ffsi ingenuous,
Ffi2 ingenuous).
ingraft: see engraffed.
ingredience : ingredients Mac. i. vii. 11 the i. of
our poison'd chalice {ingredientsf), iv. i. 34 {iii-
gredientsf); in Oth. II. iii. 313 (Qq), see next word.
ingredient: chief component Oth. n. iii. 313
Every inordinate cup is unblessed and the i. is a
devil (Ff ; Qq inr/redience).
inhabit: (?) to continue, (?) remain at home Mac.
III. iv. 105* If trembling I inhabit then, protest
mce The Baby of a Giric (F,) ; many conj.
inhabitable: uninhabitable R2 i. i. 65.
inhabited: lodged AYL. in. iii. 10.
inhearse : to lay as in a coffin 1H6 n'. vii. 45,
Sonn. Ixxxvi. 3.
inherent : permanently indwelling Cor. in. ii. 123.
inherit (1 the orig. sense ' to make heir ')
1 to put (a person) in possession o/R2 i. i. 85 /. \is
So muck as of a thought of ill in him.
2 to enjoy the possession of, receive, hold as one's
portion Tp. iv. i. 154, R2 11. i. 83 a grave. Whose
hollow womb i-s naw/ht but bones. Cor. 11. i. 217,
Rom- I. ii. 30 such delight . , . shall yon .../.; so
INHIBITED —
117
— ZirSTRUMENT
inheritance, possession, ownersliip All'sW,
IV. iii. 315, Cor. in. ii. 68, Ham. i. i. 92 ; inheri-
tor, possessor, owner LLL. ii. i. 5, K3 iv. iii.
34, Ham. v. i. 119.
iuhiiiited : forliiildcn, as by ecclesiastical law
All'.sW. I. i. 100 (sue CANON), Otli. i. ii. 79 arts i.
inhibition: foniuil prohibition Ham.u.ii.;!55 [340].
inhoop'd: (of liglitiiig cocks or quails) enclosed in
a hoop in which the birds were kept fighting
close together Ant. ir. iii. 38.
inhuman: old edd. iiiliuimi{i))ie : cf. human.
Iniquity : comic character or buffoon in the old
morality plays, also called Vice K3 hi. i. 82 ;
alhiilcd to in Meas. ii. i. 186, 1H4 ii. iv. 500.
initiate: of a novice (S.) Mac. in. iv. 143.
injoint (S.): to join, unite Uth. i. iii. 35.
injurious : calumniating, contumelious, insulting
2\Hi I. iv. 51, Cor. in. iii. 08 Call me their traitor !
TItoH i. tribune.', Cym. iv. ii. 80; malicious or
insolent in wrong-doing Gent. i. ii. 103, K2 I. i.
'.'1 a /((lac iniitiir and i. villain, Cym. in. i. 48.
injury (1 common Uith-lTth cent.; 2 only S.)
1 reviling, insult, calumny, affront Err. v. i. 200,
MND. II. i. 147, in. ii. 148 // you were civil and
knew courtesji. You would not do me thus much
t.,:iH(iiv.iAoi what said Warwicic to these injuries?.
2 bodily wound or sore H5 ni. vi. 133.
inkle: kind of tape LLL. in. i. 140, Wint. iv. iii.
|iv.l 208; lineuoryaru from which it is madePer.
v. Gower 8.
inland: inlying districts of a country near the
capital and centres of pojuilation aiid'cultiire, as
opposed to tlie remote oroutlyiiig wild jiarts 115
1. ii. U2lodcfind Oar i./roin the jnl/i rim/ buydi n r.v
(QqyoiirEnyUind) ;— adj. cultured, refined AVL.
in. ii. 367 oh i. man ; one that kntio courtship too
well ; cf. AYL. n. vii. 90 yet I am inland bnd,
And know some nurture.
inly adj. and adv.: iinvard(ly) Tp. v. i. 200 I have i.
wept, Gent. ii. vii. 18 the mh/ touch of lore.
inn : place of residence for law students, often
named after the person from whcim they were
first rented or acquired 2114 in. ii. 15 Vbmcnl's
Inn (one of the Inns of Chancery, belonging to
the InnerTemide), 36 Gray's Inn ^—inns o' court,
the four sets of buildings in London (the Inner
Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and
Gray's Inn) belonging to the four legal societies
which have the exclusive right of admitting per-
sons to practise at the bar 2H4 ni. ii. 14, 2110 iv.
vii. 2. ^ The original meaning of this word,
' habitation, lodging', is possibly glanced a-t in K2
V. i. 13.
innocent : adj. silly Ado v. ii. 38 ;-sb. idiot, half-
wit, simpleton All'sW. iv. iii. 214 a dumb inno-
on/.l.v. III. vi. 9, Per. iv. iii. 17 play the pious i.
innovation: alteration for the worse Ham. ir. ii.
356 [3471 ; disturbance, commotion 0th. ii. iii. 42 ;
rcvLdtition 1114 v. i. 78.
inobled: see mobled.
inoculate : to engraft Ham. in. i. 121 i. our old
stock.
inquire sb.: inquiry Ham. ir. i. 4 (so Qq ; Ff
luiuiry). Per. ni. Gower 22.
inquire vb.: in old edd. enquire, ctiquier ; 3 syll.
in hhr. i. ii. 169 Ipro'mis'il to' rnqui're ca'rcfulli/'.
insane: causing madness (S.) Mac. i. iii. 84 the i.
riiiit, Tlial takes the reason prisoner.
insaniet (Warburton) : madness LLL. v. i. 28 it
msinualcth me of t. (old edd. in/amic). "IJ The
w«ird is otherwise known only from one other
author.
insconce: sec ensconce. [ri. vii. 72.
inscroU (not pre-S.) : to describe on a scroll Mer.V.
insculp: to cai-ve, engrave Mer.V. ii. vii. 57.
insculpture (only 17th cent., not pro-S.) : carved
inscription Tim. v. iv. 67.
insense : to make (a person) understand H8 v. i.
43 / think I have I-d the lords o' the canned that
he IS ... A most arch heretic {i\ Incenst ; referred by
some to INCENSE and explained ' provoked to be-
lieve '). U In literary use from 15th to 17th cent.,
subsequently dial, and now in gen. use from
Northumberland to Cornwall. [i. 139.
insensible: not perceptible by the senses 1H4 v.'
inship'd (not pre-S.); embarked 1H6 v. i. 49 (so
lu ; Ft 1 3 wherein ship'd).
insinew'd (not pre-S.) : joined as by strong sinews
-114 IV. i. 172 i. to this action (Qi tnsincwid).
insinuate (m Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 703 perhaps an
absol. use of a 15th-16th cent, sense ' to win or
attract subtly or covertly ')
1 intr. to wheedle oneself into a person's favour,
ingratiate oneself with R2 iv. i. 165 To i., flatter,
bow. Cor. II. iii. 105, Tit. iv. ii. 38, Yen. 1012
With Death she humbly doth insinuate.
2 (?) to suggest or imply something to (a person)
LLL. V. i. 27 it insinuateth me of insanic.
insinuation :
1 sell-ingiatiation John v. i. 08 ; 'artful intrusion
into the business ' (Clark and Wright) Ham. v.
ii. 59.
2 (?) suggestion, hint LLL. iv. ii. 14.
insisture' (S.) : (a) steady continuance in their
path, (I)) persistency, (c)i-egularityTroil. i. iii. 87.
insolence : pride, overbearing nature Cor. i. i. 268.
insomuch: inasmuch as AYL. v. ii. 62 insomuch
I sdi/ I kiioir you are.
instalment: place or scat in which a person is
installed Wiv. V. v. 69.
instance (the sense of ' illustrative example '
passes almost into 'sample, specimen' in 2H4
I. i. 66, Ham. iv. v. 161)
1 motive, cause All'sW. iv. i. 44, K3 iir. ii. 25
.shallow, without instance ( Ff), Ham. in. ii. 194 The
instances that second marriuye move.
2 being present, presence 2H4 iv. i. 83* every
tninnic s msiance.
3 evidence, proof, sign, token Gent. 11. vii. 70 i-s
of mfintte of love. Err. i. i. 04, Ado 11. ii. 42, 2H4
in. i. 103 A cerium i. that Glendower is dead, Ca-s.
IV. ii. 16* familiar i-s ( = niarks of familiarity),
Lucr. 1511 no guilty instance ( = 110 sign of guilt).
instancy : = INSTANCE 1, R3 in. ii.25 ((jq 2-k).
instant sb.: upon, on, or, 0' the i., immediately,
at unco LLL. in. i. 44, Tim. 11. ii. 208, 0th. i. ii. 38.
instant adj.:
1 now|HL'scnt, existing, liappening All'sW. iv. iii.
128, H8 I. i. 225 tliisi. cloud, Troil. in. iii. 153 Take
the i. way. Cor. v. i. 37 the i. army we can make.
2 immediate All'sW. 11. iv. 50 lake your i. leave,
1H4 IV. iv. 20, Lr. i. iv. 270 For i. remedy; also
a<lv., immediately Tim. 11. ii. 240, Ham. 1. v. 94.
instate : to endow, to invest Meas. v. i. 425.
insteep'd: imbrued H5 iv. vi. 12 in yore . . . i.
instig^ation : incentive, stimulus Cws. 11. i. 49.
insti'nct: impulse, prompting R3 n. iii. i2divtne i.
instinctively : (?) error ; see nisTiNCTivEi.v.
instruct: to inform Meas. i. i. 80, Shr. iv. ii. 120,
Cym. IV. ii. 300 He'll, then, instruct us of this body.
instruction: inlormation Ant. v. i. 54 Of thy
mil Ills ill sins inslnii-fion.
instrument (the sense of ' tool ' is fieq.)
1 (ig. means agent Tw.N. v. i. 120 (with literal
phra.seology), IHO 11. v. 58, 0th. iv. ii. 44.
2 document 0th. iv. i. 231 / kiss the i. of their
pleasures ( = the document in which their desires
are communicated).
1)
XirSTRUMENTAI.
118
INTJBN'D
instrumental: soiviceable Ham. i. ii. 48.
insu'bstantial : iimeal, imaginary Tp. iv. i. 165.
insufficience, -ency : inability, incompetence
AVint. I. i. 16 ; MND. ii. ii. 128, Sonn. cl. 2.
insult: to exult proudly or contemptuonsly,
triumph scornfully otcr, on AYL. in. v. 36, 1H6
J. ii. 138 that prowl i-iny nhip, 3H6 i. iii. 14 >-i>nj
o'crhis ]iytij, K-3ii. iv. 61 1-inj tjraiuij, Tit. in. ii.
71 1 icill insult on linn.
insulter : triumphing power Yen. 550. [145.
insultment: contemptuous triumph Cym. iii. v.
insuppressive (not pre-S.): insuppressible t'a;s.
u. i. 131 th' nisiiji/ircsshe mettle of our spirits.
intellect: meaning, import LLL. iv. ii. 139.
intelligence :
1 coiiinuuilcation, intercourse AYL. i. iii. .''lO //"
ivilli hiijsdf I hold i., Cym. iv. ii. 347, Sonii.
Ixxxvi. 10 that . . . (/host ^Yhic!l niijhtly (julls hitn
mtit intdliyence.
2 obtaining of secret information, agency by wliich
it is obtained John iv. ii. 116 where hath oitr i.
been (Irnnk ? ( = our spies), 1H4 iv. iii. 98 to entrap
Die by intellii/cnce.
intelligencer: informer, spy, secret agent 2H4
IV. ii. 2(1, K3 IV. iv. 71. [iii. 68.
intelligencing : conveying intelligence Wint. ii.
intelligent: 'bearing intelligence, giving in-
formation, communicative' (Schmidt) Wint. I. ii.
378, Lr. III. i. 25, in. v. 12, in. vii. 12 Our jwsts
sJinll be sirift a)id inteUtt/ent betwixt us.
intemperatiire (rare sense) : intempcrateness
1H4 III. ii. 166 (Ff ; Qq intemperance).
intend ('purpose, design' is the commonest sense)
1 to purpose making (a journey) Ant. v. ii. 2tXJ
Casir through St/ria I-s liis journey, Per. i. ii. 116
I ... to Tarsus Intend iiii) trmel, Sonn. xxvii. G ;
also intr. 1H4 iv. i. 92 i'he kiny . . . is set forth,
Or hither/cards intended speedily.
2 to design to express, signify by one's words,
mean 1H6 in. i. 141 / ;'. it not, 3H6 in. ii. 94, Ant.
11. ii. 44 Bow intend you, practis'd?.
3 to pretend, make pretence of Ado ii. ii. .'^5, Slir.
IV. i. 206, K3 iii.v. 8, in. vii. 44/. some fear, Lucr.
121 I-ine/ iteariness.
4 to tend,' incline MXD. in. ii. 333", 2H4 i. ii. 8
any'huui Ihat i-s toluuyhter (so Q : Vi tends'.
intendment: purpose, intent, design AYL. i. i.
142, Ho I. ii. 144, 0th. iv. ii. 206, Yen. 222.
intenible : incapable of liolding AH'sAV. i. iii. 210.
intent (the sense ' purpose, design ', and its wider
development ' will, inclination, desire,' are tlie
commonest uses)
1 aim, bent Tw.N. ii. iv. 78, Lucr. 46.
2 meaning, import, ])urport Mer.Y. iv. i. 247 the i.
(uid purpose of the lair, 2H4 iv. i. 9, lH6iv. i. 103,
Ant. II. ii. 45 to catch at mine intent. [139.
Intantion: ^in-tent 1, AViv. i. iii. 71, Wint. j. ii.
intentively : intently 0th. i. iii. 155 (see I^•STI^'C-
TIVELYl.
intercept: to interrupt Tit. in. i. 40 ;'. my talc.
interchained: linked one with another MND, ii.
ii. 49 (ij'i ; ¥{ interchanyed). [9.
interchange : alternation, vicissitude Sonn. Ixiv.
interchangeahly : mutually, reciprocally (in phr.
bused on the wording of legal agreements) K2 v.
ii. 98, 1H4 in. i. 82 sealed i., Troil. in. ii. 60.
interdiction: restraint, exclusion Mac. iv. iii.
\i)~Hij hisown I. stands accurst (so Ffj;); Fj arcust).
interess'dt : to be i., to Lave a right or share Lr. i.
i. 87 (Ff interest).
interest (usu. 2 syll.; but sometimes 3 syll. at the
end of line, e.g. 1H4 iv. iii. 49 You .shall hare
ijour desires with interest, but nut in Cvm, iv. ii.
a66)
1 legal concern (oO, right or title (/o possessions or
the enjoyment of them) John iv. iii. 147 unow'el
I. of proitd-sivelling state, 1H4 iii. ii. 98 ;'. to the
state, 2H6 in. i. 84 all your i. in those territories,
Lr. I. i. 52 I. of territory, 81 tobei. ( = to constitute
a claim ; but see ikteress'd) ; fig. AY'L. v. i. 8,
Tit. in. i. 249 Vilhere life hath no more i. but to
breathe, Lucr. 1067, 1619, 1797.
2 right or title to share in, part 1H6 v. iv. 107, iJ3
n. ii. 47 so much i. have I in thy sorrow, Kom. lu.
i. 194.
3 advantageous concern (in a thing) Cym. iv. ii.
365 yVhat's thy i. In this sad irrack'/: )irolit,
advantage Mac. i. ii. 66 Our bosom i.; phr. in the
interest of Lr. v. iii. 86.
4 (?) influence due to personal connexion Mer.Y.
in. ii. 222' my new i. (viz. as Portia's accepted
suitor) ; but perhaps merely fig. of sense 1.
6 money paid for the use of money lent Mer.Y. i.
iii. 52, Tim. in. v. 110 let out their coin iipon
large i.\ fig. 1114 IV. iii. 49, Yen. 210 Oixe me one
liiss, I'll gne it thee again. Anil one for interest.
inter'gatory: ouestion formally put, or drawn up
in writing to oe put, to an accused person or a
witness to be answered as upon oath Mer.Y. v. i.
298 chari/e lis there upon i-ies, 300, All'sW. iv.
iii. 207, Oym. v. v. 393.
interim: by i-s, at intervals Cor. i. vi. 5 ; inter-
lude LLL. I. i. 170.
interjoin (S.): to join mutually Cor. iv. iv. 22.
interlace : to interweave Lucr. 13O0.
interlude : (orig.) dramatic or mimic representa-
tion, of light or humorous character, such as
was introduced between the acts of the long
mystery or morality plays ; (in 16th-17th cent.)
stage-plav, esp. of a popular kind, comedy, farce
MMD. I. ii. 6, Lr. v. iii. 90.
intermission: delay Mac. iv. iii. 231, Lr. ii.
iv. 33 ; in Mer.Y. iii. ii. 200 for i. (with stop at
i.), 1 to avoid loss of time, fill up the time.
interpret: used with ref. to the puppet-show
(' motion ') Gent. II. i. 105 excellent motion!
exeiednig puppet! now will lie i. to her. Ham. in.
ii. 260 / could i. bitwcen you and your lore, if I
could see the puppets dallying. Lucr. 1325 the n/e
I-s to the ear The henry motion that it doth leholct.
interrogatory : = inter'gatory John iii. i. 147.
intertissued(not pre-S.): interwoven H5 iv. i. 282.
intestate : not having made a will ; fig. K3 iv. iv.
128 Any sticceeders nf i. joys (Ff intestine), ' mere
words succeed as next of kin to an empty iii-
lieritance ' (Wright).
intil : dial, for ' into ' Ham. v. i. 79.
intitled : form in old edd. of entitled.
intituled: designated LLL. v. i. 8.
into : unto, to (frecj.) Tp. i. ii. 100 (Warburtou un-
iof), AU'sW. I. iii. 262 pray God's blessing into
thy attempt, Tw.N. v. i. 88, John in. iii. 39,
(?; nntoi), lib J.ii. 102 Look back into your mighty
ancestors, Troil. in. iii. 12, Cym. i. vi. 167 he
enchants societies into him.
intolerahle (loose use): excessive, exceedingly
great Wiv. v. v. 105 i. entrails, 1114 n. iv. 599
[592] /. deal of sack ; also adv. exceedingly Shr.
I. ii. 90 she is intolerable curst.
intrenchant (S.): incapable of being cut Mac. v.
vii. 38 [viii. 9].
intrince (S.); entangled Lr. ii. ii. 80 t'inlrince t'nn-
loose (mod. edd. too tntrinse^). ^ (?) Abbreviated
from next ; cf. liEVEun.
intrinsicate(Eliz.) : intricate Ant. v. ii. 300A)io/i,
intriide : to enter forcibly (S.) Lucr. 848.
inurn'd not pre-S.): interred Ham. i. iv. 49 (Fj
(IIII) n'd, (Ji| m/err'il}.
INVASIVE— 119
invasive: invading Joliu v. i. V3unii8 i.
invectively : with denunciation AYL. ii. i. 58.
invention :
1 puwcr of mental creation or construction, inven-
tiveness, imagination Ado v. i. 2'M if your luie
Can labuur aiKjIit in .sad i., LLL. iv. ii. 130 the
jirks of i., H5i. Clior. L', Otli. ii. ii. l:i5,Ven. Ded. 5
thejirst heir of inij iuk itiioii. [v. i. 345.
2 worli ol'iniagination, literary comjiositionTw.N.
ci device, design, plan Slir. i. i. 194, 1H6 iir. i. 5
III) if. without miintivn, iuddcit!//, Lr. I. ii. 20.
inventorially (S.): in detail Ham. V. ii. 119 (Q^).
invest: to endow, lurnish l'H4 iv. v. 71 lo i. Thar
sons with (iris and martial exi.rci.sis. ^ In Ho iv.
Clior. 26 tlieir ytsiiire sad I imj tank-lean, cluiks
and icar-iiorn coats app. to accompany.
investment (not-pre-S.): pl. clothes 2H4 iv. i. 45,
Ham. I. iii. 128.
invincible : app. error for intisihlef 2H4 in. ii.340.
invis'd (S.j: app. invisible Compl. 212.
invisible: CO subtle Ant. ii. ii. 220 A slrani/e i.
juiftunc ; (?) secret Cyni. IV. ii. 177 ani. inslniil.
invitation: inducement, allurement Wiv. i. iii. 48.
inviting: attractive, alluring Otli. ii. iii. 24.
inward : adj. familiar with R3 in. iv. 8 ]Vho is most
i. with the noble diilce ; private, secret Ado iv. i.
\2aHj] i. iuijiediment, LLL. v. i. 105/. beticeeniis; —
adv. inwardly, internally Mer.V. in. ii. 86 [Her-
cules and Mars] i.searclt'd, hate liters while as null,,
Ham. IV. iv. 28 the inipostlntine . . , That i. bnal,s,
Sonn. Ixii. 4, so grounded i. in my heart ; — sb.
intimate friend Meas. lii. ii. 142.
inwardness: close friendship Ado iv. i. 247.
ire, ireful: not used in the ])roso parts. [261.
Ireland: 3 syll. in 2H6i. i. 195, iii. i.329, H8 iii. ii.
Iris : in Greek mythology, the goddess who acted
as messenger of tl;e gods and displayed as her
sign, or appeared as, the rainbow; (hence,
allusively) messenger 2H6 in. ii. 407 I'll hate an
Ins that shall find thee out ; used for 'rrtinbow'
Troil. I. iii. 380 bine Iris ; an appearance likened
to a rainbow AH'sW. i. iii. 160 That this dis-
teiiipcr'd incssenijer of wet, The maiiy-colour'd Iris,
rounds thine eije (cf. Lucr. 1586).
iron (usu. two syll.; one syll. iu John iv. i. 120,
IV. ii. 194, K3 v. iii. Ill)
1 the metal of which arms and armour are made ;
hence (i) offensive weapons Ado v. i. 257, 1H6
IV. iii. 20 ; (ii) sword Tw.N. iv. i. 4.3, K3 v. iii.
Ill, Troil. n. iii. 18 ; (iii) armour 2H4 i. i. 150,
Ant. IV. iv. 3.
2 used to symbolize hardness of heart MND. n. i.
196, 3H6 II. ii. 139, H8 in. ii. 425 ; hence as adj.
= harsh, cruel, merciless John iv. i. 00 this iron
ai/c, 1H4 n. iii. 53 iron wars, Rom. iv. v. 127 an
iron lilt (]iunningly), Tim. in. iv. 85f(U iron heart.
iron-witted : harsh-minded, unfeeling R3iv. ii.28.
irreconcil'd (notpre-8.) not atoned forH5iv.i.lC2.
irrecoverable: not to be recovered or redeemed
2H4 II. iv. 360.
irregular: lawless John v. iv. 54, 1H4 i. i. 40,
in. ii. 27 ; so irregulous l^.) Cym. iv. ii. 315.
irreligious: believing in a false religion Tit. v.
iii. 121-.
ise : sec Ice.
issue sb. (tlie usual S. meanings are ' offspring,
progeny' and 'event, result, consequence '; 1 is
notpre-S.; 2 is peculiar to S.)
1 oiitcoine, product (o/ a practice or conditiun:
Air.sW. II. i. 109, Jolm ni. iv. 21 the i. of your
p(ai:e, Troil. II. ii. 89, Lr. i. i. 18.
2 action, deed Meas. i. i. 36/i(f i-.s-, Cws. in. i. 294
The cruel i. of these bloody men, Cym. u. i. 53.
3 fortune, luck Ant. i. ii.'lOl better isiuc.
—JACKANAPES
4 outcome or upshot of an argument, evidence,
&c.; (hence) conclusionOth. in. iii. 219 //rower i-s.
5 (orig. legal use) matter ripe for decision, point at
which decision becomes possible John 1. 1. 38, 113
v. i. 178 I'll put it to the issue, Roni. iv. i. 05, Mac.
V. iv. 21 But certain issue strokes must arbitrate.
issue vb.: to shed tears (8.) H5 iv. vi. 34.
issiied: born, descended Tp. i. ii. 59 A princess, —
no worse issued, 1H6 v. iv. 38.
issuing: pouring or gushing out 3H6 ii. vi. 82 the
i. blood. Tit. n. iv. 30 three issuing spouts.
it (cf. HIT ; 1 arose in the 16th cent.)
1 very freq. with intransitive verbs as a kind of
vague object, e.g. Tp. i. ii. 379 Foot itfeatly, Slir.
I. ii. 75 to wire if, in. ii. 254 to bride it, 115 v. ii.
130 to mince if, H8 n. iii. 37 to queen if, Mac. n.
iii. 20 detil-porterit, Cym. in. iii. 85 to prince it.
2 = there Gent. IV. iv. 12 For 'tis no trusting to yvnd
foolish lout.
3 =itsTp. II. i. 170o//i;o«)( A7)i</(Ffi2; Ffni '/.v),
Rom. i. in. 52 (^ had u/iun it hiadabiuiiji ((Jq Ffi ■. ;
Ffsi its), Lr. I. iv. 237 it had it head bit ojf by it
young.
iterance: iteration Otii. v. ii. 148 (Qq iteration).
'W Not pre-S.; taken up by mod. writers.
its: not pre-Eliz.; in S. much less freq. than his
(q. v.), but about as freq. as rr (see sense 3) ;
used absol. (S.) once HS i. i. 18 till the last [day]
Made former wonders its.
itself: once in tmesis Cym. in. iv. 160 Woman it
pretty si If.
iwis: certainly, assuredly Shr. i. i. 62, R3 i. iii. 102,
I'er. II. Gower 2. ^ Often spelt / wis and er-
roneously understood as = I know.
Jack, jack :
1 familiar l>y-fijrm of the name 'John'; hence a
generic proper name for any man of the common
people; T^ro\t:ib Jack shall hate Jilt MKD. in. ii.
401 ; so LLL. v. ii. 883 ; in Shr. iv. i. 51 a quibble
is intended (see sense 7).
2 low-bred or ill-mannered fellow, ' knave ' Mer. V,
III. iv. 77 bragging J-s, Shr. n. i. 159, 282 [290] a
siteariiiy J., 1H4 in. iii. 98 the prince is a J.,
a sneak-cup, R3 i. iii. 53, 72 Hince etery J. became
a gentleman, Rom. n. iv. 161, in. i. 12, Ant. in.
xi. [xiii.] 93, 103 ; see also sense 8.
3 play the Jack, play the knave, do a mean trick
Tp. IV. i. 198, Ado i. i. 192.
4 figure of a man which strikes the bell on the out-
side of a clock R3 iv. ii. 113, Tim. in. vi. 118.
5 in the virginal, an upright piece of wood fixed
to the key-lever and fitted with a quill which
plucked the string as the jack rose when the key
was pressed down Sonn. cxxviii. 5 Howofl. . . Lo
lenty those j-s that nimble leap To kiss the tender in-
wariioftliyhaiid, 13; usu. explained here as -key.
6 i u bowls, a smaller bowl placed as a mark to aim
at Cym. ii. i. 2.
7 measure for drink, j pint Shr. rv. i. 51 Be the J-s
fair tiithin, the Jills fair without (cf. 1).
8 attrib. as a kind of proper name or nickname,
used in contempt Wiv. i. iv. 122 / till kill de .lack
priest, ir. iii. 05 Hcurty jack-dog priest ! , Cym. n. i.
23 Fiery Jack-slate.
Jack-a-lient : figure of a man set up to be pelted,
an ancient form of the sport of Aunt Sally prac-
tised during Lent; hence fig. (1) butt for every
one to throw at Wiv. \. v. 137 ; (2) puppet, con-
temptible person Wiv. in. iii. 27.
jackanapes {a.\HOJackanape, jark'nape)
1 ape 115 v. ii. 147 sit like a j., neur off.
JACK O' THE CLOCK —
120
- JOINDEB
2 pelt, conceited fellow, coxcomb Wiv, iv. iv. 67,
All's W. III. V. 85, Cyiu. ii. i. 4.
Jack o' the clock : ? cf. jack 4, K2 v. v. 60.
Jack-sauce : saucy Jack H5 iv. vii. 147.
jade si I.:
1 ' bony,' ill-conditioned horse Meas. ii. i. 276 [2G9]
let carman whip his jade, H5 iv. ii. 46, Ham. iii.
ii. 256 let the (jailed jade wince ; vicious liorse
(allusively) Ado i. 1. 161 You always end with a
jade's trick, Slir. I. ii. 252 yive him head : I know
'he'll prove a jade, All'sW. iv. v. 64, Troil. ii. i. 21.
2 term of contempt for a woman Shr. ii. i. 202, H6
HI. vii. 66 ; applied to men John ii. i. 385.
jade vb. (not pre-S. ; 2 a 17th cent, sense)
1 lit. to make a jade of (a liorse), hence, to ex-
liaust, weary Ant. iii. i. 34.
2 to befool Tw.N. ii. v. 180* to let vnar/ination jade
me, H8 iii. ii. 281* To be thus jaded hij a piece of
scarlet.
jaded: (?) regarded with contempt 2H0 iv. i. 52*
(Q'l j'tdy).
jady : see prcc. word.
jang°le: to dispute, wrangle LLL. n. i. 223, MND.
III. ii 353.
Janus : ancient Italian deity represented with two
faces looking in opposite directions Mer.V. i. i.
50.
Jar sb. (1 a IGtli cent, use ; 2 only S., cf. jar vb. 2)
1 discord in music AYL. ii. vii. 5 If he, compact of
jars, grow musical.
2 tick (of the clock) Wint. i. ii. 43 / love thee not a
jar o' the clock behind Wliat lady she her lord.
jar vb. (2 cf. JAR sb. 2)
1 to make a musical discord, be out of tune Gent.
IV. ii. 68, Shr. iii. i. 40 the treble jars ; in tig. con-
text Shr. V. ii. 1 our jarrinrj notes uijree, All'sW.
I. i. 188 Ills jarring concord, 2H6 I'l. i. 57 ^Yhen
such strings jar, Lr. iv. vii. 16 The imtun'd and
I'lrring senses.
2 to cause (a watch) to tick R2 v. v. 51.
jaiincesb. : = jaunt sb. Rom. it. v. 26 (Qqas iauncc, Ff
Q<j 4 5 iaunt, jannt). T] Perhaps only a misprint
for iaunle ; recorded otherwise only as in mod.
Sussex dial.
jaunce vb. (in 2 Q123 iaunsing, Ff Qq^s jaunt-,
laiinling)
1 to fatigue a horse R2 v. v. 94.
2 to run to and fro Rom. 11. v. 53.
jaunt sb. : running up and down or to and fro,
' trotting' or trudging about Rom. 11. v. 26 ; so
jaunt vb. Rom. 11. v. 53 ; cf. jaunce sb. and vb.
jay: llasliy or light woman Wiv. 111. iii. 44, Cym.
III. iv. 51 Some jay of Italy . . . hath hetray'd him.
jealous (in old edil. often spelt iealious, a freq. Ki-
17tli cent, spelling, which does not, liowever, al-
ways denote 3 syll. ; 1 survives extensively in
mod. dial, use)
1 suspicious, careful or watchful H5 iv. i. 305/. of
your absence, Rom. 11. ii. 181.
2 suspicious, apprehensive of evil Gent. iii. i. 28,
AYL. II. vii. 151, Shr. iv. v. 76, Ca-s. I. ii. 71 be
not j. on ( = of ) me, Lr. v. i. 56 /. . . . as the stung
Are of the adder; with clause Otb. in. iv. 184,
Ven. 321 J. af ra/rhim/ (leariiig to be caught).
3 doubtful, mistrustful Tw.N. iv. iii. 27, Ones. 1. ii.
161 Ttiiil i/Dii do lire uic, lam iiulhitig jealous.
jealous-liood: so i>riritcil in Ft of Itom. iv. iv. 13
and taken =; jealousy [' liood ' being the suffix
forming abstract nouns] ; but earlier odd. have
jealous hood, where liood may be used typically =
Woman, or possibly with allusion to the use of
llie liood as a disguise for a spy.
jealousy: suspicion, appndiension of evil, mistrust
Ado 11. ii. 5U.;. shall be called assurance, Tw.N. in.
iii. Sj. what might befall your travel, 2H4 liid. 16,
115 II. ii. 126, Ham. 11. i. 113 beshrew my j.'., iv. v.
19 (' Guilt is so full of suspicion that it unskilfully
betrays itself in fearing to be betrayed ').
jennet, gennet : small Spanish horse 0th. i. i. 114,
Yen. 200.
jerk : short, sharp, witty speech, sally LLL. iv. ii.
130 tlie jerks of invention. ^ A freq. 17th cent. use.
jerkin : close-litting jacket often made of leather,
worn by men in the 16th and 17th cent. Troil.
III. iii. 269 A plague of opinion! a man may ivear
it on both sides, like a leather jerkin.
Jerusalem. : Paradise 3H6 v. v. 8.
jesses : short straps of leather, silk, or other
material fastened round the legs of a trained
hawk 0th. in. iii. 261.
jest sb. (the meaning 'object of ridicule' AViv. in.
iii. 161 is not pre-S.)
1 merriment, jocosity Ham. v. i. 203.
2 frolic, prank, practical joke MND. in. ii. 239 hold
the sweet jest up.
jest vb. (occas. use) : (a) to amuse oneself, make
merry, (b) to act in a masque or play R2 i. iii. 95*.
jet': to walk pompously, strut, stalk, swagger
Tw.N. n. V. 36 jets ttnder liis advanced plumes,
Cym. III. iii. 5, Per. i. iv. 26.
jet^ (cf. JUT) : to encroach \ipon Err. 11. ii. 28 Your
snuciness will jet f iipon my love (Fi test), R3 u. iv.
51 tyranny begins to jet (Ff lull, jut) Upon tlie . . .
throne. Tit. 11. i. 6i to jet (Qq iet, Ff set) upon a
prince's right.
Jew : phr. a Jew's eye, a proverbial expression for
something valued highly Mer.V. 11. v. 43 There
will come a Christian by. Will be worth a Jewes eye
(mod. edd. alter Pope Jewess'^).
jig sb. (3 cf. t'otgr. s.v. 'Farce,' 'the lyg at the
endofaiiEnteriude, whereinsomepreticknauerie
is acted ')
1 lively, rapid kind of dance Ado 11. i. 79 hot and
hasty, like a Scotch jig, Tw.N. i. iii. 140 My very
walk should be a jig ; music for sucli a dance, rapid,
lively dance-tune LLL. iv. iii. 168 to tune a jig.
2 (?) lively, jocular ballad Sonn. Music iii. 9 [Pilgr.
253].
3 lively, comic, or farcical performance given at
the end or in an interval of a play Ham. 11. ii.
630 [522] he's for a jig or a tale of bawdry ; so jig-
niakcr in. ii. 133.
jig vb. (not pre-S.)
1 to sing as a jig LLL. m. i. 12 (Fj ligge).
2 to move with a rapid jerky motion Hani. in. i.
152 goujigf, you amble iQfigig, Fi gidge).
jigging : '(J«s. rv. iii. IS& these j. fools, 'those fool-
ish writers of doggerel ' (Wright) ; cf. jig sb. 2, 3.
Jill (old edd. also Gill): short for 'Gillian,' i.e.
Julian, and used (in conjunction with Jack)
generically = a lass LLL. v. ii. 883, MND. in.
ii. 461, Shr. iv. I. 62.
Joan (old edd. lone, loane) : generic name for a
female rustic LLL. in. i. 215 [207] Some men must
love my lady, and some J., v. ii. 928, John 1. i. 184
110)0 can I make any Joan a lady.
Jockey: pet form of ' Jock,'— ■ Jack ' R3 v. iii.
;!0.") Jiirhi // ((/■ Norfolk.
John-a-dreams : dreamy fellow Ilam. n. ii. 603
1695].
join : = 'join battle ', conic toKcther incondict 1H4
V. i. 85, 3116 I. i. 16, R3 v. iii. 313 ; pass. Ant. iv.
-N. Ufxii. 1].
joinder: joining, union Tw.N. v. i. 161 Confirm' d
by mutual j. of your hands. ^ Not pre-S. in the
gen. sense; as a legal term it meant 'the coupling
of two in a suite or .action against auoihcr'
(Cowcll, 1607).
JOZNTBESS
121
-KEEP
jointress (not pre-S.) ; widow who holds a join-
ture, dowager Ham. i. ii. 9.
joint-ring' (not pre-S.) : finger-ring made in separ-
able lialves, gimmal-ring Uth. iv. iii. 74.
joint-stool (old edd. nearly always ioyn'd-sioole or
ioyn-stooh) : stool made by a joiner as distin-
guished trom one of rough make Shr. ii. i. 199,
1H4 II. iv. 423, '2H4 ii. iv. 2G9, Kom. I. v. 7.
jole: see jowl.
jollity : finely Sonn. Ixvi. 3 nolUing trimm'd inj.
jolt-h.ead : blockhead lient. in. i. 2y2, Shr. iv.i.l69.
Jordan : eliaraber-pot 1H4 ii. i. 22.
joiirnal: daily, diurnal Meas. iv. iii. 93 Ere twice
the sun Until made Ins j. greeting, Cym. iv. ii. 10
Stick to your Journal course. [2(3.
journey-bated: wearied with travel lH4iv. iii.
journeyman :jised depreciatively = one who is
not a master of his trade Ham. iii. ii. .38.
Jovial: of Jupiter Cyni. v. iv. 105 Our J. star;
Jove-like, majestic iv. ii. 311 his J. face. ^ The
meaning 'meny, jolly' (Mac. iii. ii. 28 Be bright
andjoiial among your guests) is derived from this
through the astrological use, Jupiter as a natal
planet being regarded as the source of joy and
happiness.
jowl, jole : cheek ; sec cheek.
jowl, joul, mod. edd. joU : to dash, knock All'sW.
I. iii. 60 they may j. horns together. Ham. v. i. 82
how the knnie jowls it to the ground. Tj ' To jowl
a person's head against the wall ' is a threat
common to the northern and midl. dial.
joy sb. : [v. i. 80.
1 take joy, be pleased or glad AYL. iv. i. 92, Wint.
2 source or object of gladness MKD. n. i. 21 she . . .
makes him all her joy, AIl'sAV. i. iii. 78, Tit. I. i.
382 young Mutitts . . . that teas thy joy.
3 term of endearment for a sweethe;irt or child,
darling MN'D. iv. i. 4 my gentle joy, Lr. i. i. 84
yoir, our joy. Although our lust, not least, Ant. i.
v. !>8 In Egypt with his joy.
joy vb.:
1 to gladden, delight R3 i. ii. 220 it joys me, Cym.
v. v. 425 Joy'd are we. Per. i. ii. 9.
2 to enjoy R2 v. vi. 26, 2H(5 iii. ii. 3G5, R3 ii. iv. 59,
Tit. II. "iii. 83. [conim.).
Judean: 0th. v. ii. 346 (Fi ; others Indian; see
judge: to think, suppose Gent. i. ii. 136 although
yoHJ. I wink. III. i. 25 when they hare j-d me fast
asleep, 2HC III. ii. 07 It may be judg'd I made the
duke anay,
judgement (2 was a 17tli cent, use)
1 in my j.'.s place Sonn. cxxxi. 12 = in myj. Gent.
IV. iv. 158, R3 III. iv. 43 (Qq tn mine opinion), to
myj. Lr. I. iv. 62.
2 competent critic, 'judge ' Troll, i. ii. 205 one o"
the soundest jwlgemcnts in Troy (Q).
judicious: (?) judicial Cor. v. v. [vi.] 128 J. hearing,
Lr.ui.iy.l'i* J. punishment. ^ 'Judicial' is not S.
Jug: pet-form of, or familiar substitute for, the
feminine name Joan, applied to a homely woman,
a maidservant, or a mistress Lr. i. iv. 247 Whoop,
Jug! I lore thee.
jump sb.: hazard, venture Ant. ni. viii. 6 our for-
tune lies Upon this jump. ^ Cf. jump vb. 2.
jump vb. (unexplained in Wint iv. iii. [iv.] 195)
1 to agree, tally, coincide Mer.V. ii. is. 32./. with
common spirits, Shr. i. i. 194 meet andj. in one,
Tw.X. V. i. 262 cohere a)id j., 1H4 I. ii. 78 itj-s
with my htimour, R3 in. i. 11.
2 to hazard, risk (S.) Mae. i. vii. 7 We'd j. the life
to come, Cym. v. iv. 187 j. the after inquiry on
your own peril ; (by extension) to apply a des-
perate remedy to Cor. in. i. 153* Toj. a body with
a dangerous physic (conj. vamp\, tmpf).
jump adv.: exactly, precisely Ham. i. i. G5 /. at
this dead hour m just), v. ii. 389, 0th. ii. iii. 395
bring him jump when he may Cassiofind.
junkets: sweetmeats Shr. in. ii. 251.
jure: used contextually in connexion with jaror,
as if=make jurors of you 1H4 ii. ii. 101.
justsh.: tilting match K2 v. n.52j-s and triumphs.
just adj. :
1 lionourable, faithful Caes. ni. ii. 91 He was my
frie>id, fnitliful and just to me-
2 exact Ado ii. i. 377, Mer.V. iv. i. 328 a j. pound,
2H4 IV. i. 226, R3 in. v. 88 j. computation "(Ff true),
Rom. III. ii. 78 J. opposite, 0th. i. iii. 5, ii. ill. 130.
just adv.: in replies and expressions of assent =
exactly so, just so, right! Meas. in. i. 66, v. i.
196 [2U2], Ado II. i. 29, AYL. iii. ii. 282 Rosalind
IS your loie's name ? — i'es, just, All'sW. ii. iii. 21,
H5 III. vii. 163, Tit. iv. ii. 24 0.' 'tis a verse m
Horace . . . — Ay just, a verse in Horace.
just-ljome : carried in a just cause John ii. i. 345.
justice: do (a person) JH.s-^/ce, drink to his health
0th. II. iii. 91.
justicer: judge, magistrate Lr. in. vi. 24 (Qn
iustice, mod. edd. j!(s^(ff)t), 59, iv. ii. 79 (corrected
Q lusttsers, others Justices), Cym. v. v. 215.
justify :
1 to show to be righteous, innocent, or in the
right, vindicate Meas. v. i. 159 To j. this worthy
nobleman. So vulgarly . . . acciis'd, Wint. i. i. 10,
2H6 II. iii. 16 ; with thing as object Sonn. cxxxix.
1 call not me to justify the wrong.
2 to prove, confinu, verify Tp. v. i. 128 / here
could . . . j. you traitors, Wint. i. ii. 278 say'i and
justify t, H8 I. ii. 6, Cym. n. iv. 79.
3 to acknowledge (that something is true) Per. v.
i. 2\9 justify . . . She is thy very princess. [158.
jnstle: spelling in old edd. of jostle Tp. in. ii. .30, v. i.
justly; the senses 'uprightly', 'rightfully,
deservedly', 'with good reason, properly',
'correctly, truthfully ', ' exactly, jirecisely ' arc
all I'epresenteil.
justness: rightfulness Troil. ii. ii. 119.
jut ': to thrust out Tim. i. ii. 240.
jut ■: = JET - R3 n. i v. 51 (Qq id).
jutty sb.: projecting part of a wall or building
Mac. I. vi. G no jutty, frieze. Buttress.
jutty vb.: to project ueyond, overhang (S.) H5 iii.
i. 13 O'erhang and jutty his confounded base.
Juvenal (not pre-S.: attected or jocular): youth
LLL. I. ii. 8, III. i. 69, MND. ni. i. 100, 2H4 1. ii. 21.
K
Kad : Welshman's pronunciation of ' God ' Wiv. r.
i. 192 So Kad ulge me (Q ; Fi got-udgt).
kam: clean kam, quite wrong Cor. in. i. 302.
kecksy (not pre-S.): local name for umbelliferous
plants with hollow stems (e.g. Cow Parsnip) H5
v. ii. 52.
keech: fat of a slaughtered animal rolled into a
lump ; applied to a butcher's wife 2H4 ii. i. 104,
to Wolsey the butcher's son H8 i. i. 55.
keel: to prevent (a pot) boiling over bj" stirring,
skimming, or pouring in something cold LLL. v.
ii. 928 While greasy Joan doth keel the pot.
keen: bitter, sharp, severe LLL. v. ii. 400, MND.
II. ii. 123, v. i. 54, John in. i. 182, Ham. ni. ii. 262.
keep sb.: keeping, custody Shr. i. ii. 120.
keep vb. (3 freq. in literary use c. 1580-1630)
1 refl. to restrain oneself Gent. iv. iv. 12.
2 to carry on, continue to make Err. in. i. 61 Who
is that at the door that keeps all this noise ?, Tw.N.
II. iii. 79 What a caterwauling do you keep here .'.
KEEPER -
122
- KISSINGCOMFXT
3 to rlwell, live, lodge Mer.V. iit. iii. 19 ihe most
impcnelrahle cur That irer kfpt Pitli men, Troil. iv.
V.277 In wlintphice oftUefiehldntli Calclias k.?, Hair..
II. i. 8 ich(tt Jktmkirs are in I'arix . . . where they k.
keeper : sick nurse Rom. v. iii. 89.
Keisar : old form of ' Kaiser ', emperor Wiv. i. i li. 9.
ken sb. (1 Bourne, 1574, saj-s that a ken is 6 or 9
leagues ; Leland, 153s, has ' a ICenninc, tliat is
to say about a xx miles,' Botoner, lotli cent.,
' quilibet kennyn? continet 21 miliaria ')
1 the distance tliat bounds the range of ordinary
vision, esp. at sea ; about 20 uiiles 2H4 iv. i. 151
within a ken our army lies, Cym. iii. vi. 6 Thou
ii'ast within a ken.
2 sight or view (of a place) 2H6 iii. ii. 113 losinp
k.'of Albion s wished const, Lucr. 1114 oi k. of shore.
ken vb. (occurs thrice ; 3 an affectel use)
1 to descry, see 2Ht) in. ii. 101. [his unit.
2 to recognize Troil. iv. v. 14 / ken the mnnner of
3 to know (a person) Wiv. i. iii. 38.
Kendal green : kind of green woolltn cloth made
at Kendal in Westmoreland 1H4 ii. iv. 250, 2G1.
kennel ' : pick (of dogs) IHG iv. ii. 47.
kennel =: street gutter Slir. iv. iii. 9S, 2H6 tv. i. 71.
kennelled : lodged as in a kennel Ven. 9l:i.
kerchief : cloth used to cover the head, formerly
a female head-dress "Wiv. in. iii. 62, iv. ii. 76;
phr. wear a kerchief, to be ill Ci«s. n. i. 315.
kern(e: liglit-armed Irish foot-soldier, 'a kinde
of footeman, sleightly armed with a sworde, a
targett of woode, or a bow and slieaf of arrows
with barbed lieades, or els 3 dartcs ' (Dymmok,
li')00) Ri ir. i. 157, Mac. i. ii. 30.
kernel : pip, seed Tp. ii. i. 97 (of an apple), All'sW.
n. iii. 276 (of a pomegranate); as the type of
something insignificant Wiiit. i. ii. 160.
kersey : kind of coarse cloth Meas. i. ii. 36 ; as ad.j.
(fig.) plain, homelv LLL. v. ii. 414 honest k. noes.
kettle : short for ' kettle-drum ' (S.) Ham. v. ii. 289.
key : (not recorded before S. in the uuisical senses)
1 in plir. expressive of control or nu\story AllsW.
I. i. 77, H5 n. ii. 95 Thou th,U duU! bear the key of
nil my counsels, 2H6 i. i. 115 These counties ivere (he
keys of Normandy, Mac. in. vi. 18, 0th. iv. ii. 21.
2 scheme or system of tones in which a piece of
music is written, being based on some particular
note(called the key-note) Adoi. i. 194, MN'D. in.
ii. 206; in tig. phr. Err. v. i. 312, MXD. i. i. 18
/ ii'ill wed thee in another key, Mer.V. i. iii. 124,
Troil. I. iii. 53.
3 tool for tuning string instruments Tp. i. ii. 83
(fig.) h(trin;i both the key Of officer and office.
k 3y-cold : cold in death R3 i." ii. 5, Lucr. 1774.
kibe: chapped or ulcerated chilblain on the hocl
Tp. ir. i. 284 [276], Ham. v. i. 152 the toe of Ihe
pdisanf comes so near the heel of the courLiir, he
i/'ills his k. (i.e. is in annoying proximity to him).
kickshaws: fancy dish2*H4 v. 1. 29 a joint of
mutton, and any pretty little tiny kickshaivs ; fig.
trifle Tw.X. i. iii. 12i Art thon yood at these kick-
shawses, kniyht?. ^ Florio, 1598, defines the
Italian ' Carabozzada ' as 'a kinde of daintie dish
or quelque chose vsed iu Italie'; Cotgr., 1611,
the French ' Fricandeau.x' as 'short skinlesse,
and daintie paddings, or Quelkchoses '.
kick 3)y-wlckiS)y: jocular term forawifeAU'sW.
ir. iii. 2i»7 (Fi hickie irickie, Ffoj kicksie wicksie).
kid-fox: (?j (•ul>f(ix (fig.) Ado ii. iii. 45.
kill: kill up = 'kill off' exterminate AYL. ii. i.
62. Tl Cf. Palsgr. ' I kyll up, as one that kj-lleth
tlioresydewe where many have been ky lied afore.'
klllen: arch, infinitive of Kn.L Per. ii.Gower 20.
kin: not pre-S. in tlicpredicativeadj. use =related,
akin .\ll'sW.n. i.41 my sirord and yours are k. ,2lii
II. ii. 122 those that are k. to the kiny, Troil. in. iii.
175 One touch of nature makes the ivhole world k.
kind sb. (the foil, and the sense ' sort, species ' are
all the S. uses ; 1 was common down to about
1600 ; 3 common in the 17tli cent., freq. in S.)
1 natural disposition or character, nature AYL.
IV. iii. 60 thy youth and kind ( = thy youthful
nature), Lucr. 1147 to chanqe their k-s -.—of its
oil n kind, of itself, naturally Tp. ii. i. 170 ; (to his
kind, act according to its nature Ant. v. ii. 263.
2 nature in general or in the abstract, established
order of things Mer.V. i. iii. 86 the deed nf kind ;
phr. by kind, by nature, naturally All'sW. i. iii.
68, Tit. IT. i. 116 ; from kind, contrary to nature
Caes. I. iii. 64.
3 (qualified by a demonstrative or a possessive)
manner, way, fashion Gent. in. i. 90 tn their silent
kind, R2 ii. iii. 143 in this kind to come, in braring
arms, Lr. iv. vi. 167 to use her in that kind.
4 race, class Tp. v. i. 23 One of their kind, (icnt. ii.
iii. 2, M.ND. iv. i. 125 bndoutofthe Spartan kind,
H6 II. i. 80, Tioil. v. iv. 15 that dog of as hud a
kind, C>«s. n. i. 33.
5 family, ancestral stock Per. v. i. G8 Came of a
(/(iillc kindand noble stock.
kind adj.:
1 natural, appropriate, proper Ado i. i. 26 A kind
01 n-jliiir of kindness, Lucr. 1423.
2 favonrable, gracious Tp. in. i. 69 kind event, Tim.
I. ii. 155, Sonn. x. 11.
3 affectionate, loving, fond Err. l. i. 43 kind
eiiibracemcnfs, All'sW. v. iii. 315, 2H6 i. 1. 19 this
kind kiss. Ham. iv. v. 145 the kind , . . pelican,
Compl.186 yVherendthir party isnortrucnor kind.
kindle ': to incite (cf. enkindle) AYL. i. i. 182.
kindle = : to bring forth AYL. in. ii. 362.
kindless : imnatural Ham. n. ii. 617 [609] k. villain!.
kindly adj. (AYL. ii. iii. 53* (a) natural, proper, (b)
agreeable, pleasant ; 2H4 iv. v. 82 k.* tears (a)
natural, not forced, (b) naturally shed for a
f.ither ; cf. sense 2)
1 innate, inherent Tim. n. ii. 227 k. warmth.
2 natural (as belonging to a father) Ado iv. i. 75
fatherly and kindly poieer.
3 apiiropriatc, fitting 1H6 in. i. 131.
4 benign Ant. n. v. 78'* kindly creatures.
kindly adv. (in Lr. i. v. 15 sense 1 witli )ilay on
the more freq. sense of' affectionately ')
1 naturally (as of the same kin) Tp. v. i. 24.
2 easily, naturally, spontaneously Hhr. Ind. i. 66".
3 exactly Rom. ii. iv. 61.
kindness: tenderness, affection, love Ado i. i.
26, Shr. II. i. 77, iv. i. 211 to kill a wife with
kindness, Tw.N. li. i. 42, R:! iv. ii. 22 thy kindness
freezes, Sonn. clii. 9.
kindred: attrib. = (1) of or belonging to relatives
R2 II. i. 18^ guilty of no k. blood {Qqj-i kin(d}red,Fi
kindreds^kindred's), R3 n. ii. 63 our k. iears ; (2)
C02nate John in. iv. 14 any kindred action like to
this (Vikindred-aclion).
kingdom (2 cf. John iv. ii. 246, 2H4 iv. iii. 118)
1 sovereignty R3 iv. ii. 61.
2 little kindred, microcosm 2H4 iv. iii. 118.
kingdoni'd: that is a kingdom in himself Troil. ii.
iii. 187 K. Achilles in commotion rages.
king'd (John n. i. 371 King'df o/=overpowcred by ;
old edd. Kings of)
1 made a king R2 v. v. 36 Then am I king'd again.
2 governed H5 n. iv. 26 so idly king'd.
kirtle : woman's gown, skirt, or petticoat 2H4 n.
iv. 297, IS.inn. Music v. 11 ^ Pilgr. 363].
kiss: Slid (if balls touching, at bowls Cym. li. i. 2.
kissing-comflt : porfumcd sweetmeat for sweet-
ening the breath Wiv. v. v. 22.
KIT
123
-Z.ACK
kit : kitten ; see kite »T. [i. 418.
kitchen: to turnisli with kitchen-fare (S.) Err. v.
kite: rapacious person, also indefinitely as a term
of reproach H5 ii. i.80, Lr. i. iv. 280, Ant. in. xi.
[xiii.] 89. ^ In H5 ii. i. 80 kite of Cresmh kind, ?
reaJ/i(7( = kitten),as in F4, the passage being app.
an echo of Gascoigne's Dan Bartliolomew ' kits
of C'ressides kiiido'. [iii. 67.
knack: trifle, knick-knack MXD. i. i. 34, Shr. iv.
knap: to bite noisily Mer.V. iii. i. 10; to give a
smart blow to Lr. 11. iv. 118.
knave : boy or lad employed as a servant ; male
servant or menial in general Wiv. in. v. 101, 2H4
I. ii. 83, Lr. i. iv. 88, 0th. i. i. 126 n k. 0/ common
line. Ant. v. ii. 3 ; opposed to knit/lit Tw.N. n. iii.
72 [09], John i. i. 243 ; often used vocatively in
addressing o-servant with friendly familiarity
LLL. HI. i. 151 [144] mij yood k. Costard, Cses. iv.
iii. 240 Poor knnie.
knavery: pi. roguish or waggish tricks MND. in.
ii. 34(), AU'sW. l iii. 14. H5 iv. vii. 63. T] Used
for tlie nonce, as a rhyme-word, = tricks of dress
or ornament Shr. iv. "iii. 58.
knee sb. : part of the body used in kneeling or
curtseying; hence, kneeliing, prostration, curt-
sey R2 II. iii. 83, 1H4 iv. iii. 68 nith cap nnd knee,
Cor. V. iii. 57 i'our knees to me.', Tim. iii. vi. 108
Cap and knee slates, iv. iii. 36 yiie them title, knee,
and apprabution, 0th. 11. i. 84.
knee vb. : to bend the knee before Lr. 11. iv. 217.
knit sb. (not pre-S.): knitted work, textiiie Shr.
IV. i. 94.
knit vb. : to tie in or with a knot John iv. i. 42 / k.
mij haiutkerclier about your hroirs ; usil. transf.
or fig. to bind,pin, or unite firm lyorclosely MND.
I. i. 172 that which knitttth snuls ; also knit up (in
various senses) Tp. iii. iii. 89 all k. up In their dis-
tractions, MND. V. i. 194 Thy stones icitli lime and
hair k. up, Rom. iv. ii. 25 III have this knot k. -up.
knob: pimple Ho iii. vi. 112 hubukles, and rohelks,
and knobs {^i\(li irlidkesand knubs. And puniples).
knock vb. : the foil, uses are not recorded before
S. : — to drive by striking Tp. in. ii. 71 k. n nail
into his head;— k. o/f Cyni. v. iv. 198; /•. out 1116
in. i. 83; A-. it (= strike up) H8 i. iv. 108 Ut the
iiiHsic knock it.
knoll: to ring, toll AYL. 11. vii. 114 hells hare k-'d
to church, 121, 2H4 i. i. 'lO^ k-iny a departed friend
(Q toUiny), Mac. v. vii. 79 [viii. 50].
knot sb. (said fig. of the marriage tie, e.g. R3 iv.
iii. 42 ; 2 survives in midl. and south-west dial.)
1 folded anus Tp. i. ii. 224, Tit. in. ii. 4.
2 (iower-bed laid out in fanciful or intricate design ;
hence, any laid-out garden plot R2 m. iv. 46.
3 lump or knob Truil. v. iii. 33.
4 group, band, company Wiv. iv. ii. 126, R3 in.
182, Ofes. III. i. 117 So often shall the knot of us be
calVd. [ii. 61.
knot vb. : to gather into a knot, a cluster 0th. iv.
knot-grass: the plant Polygonum aviculare, hav-
ing small pale-pink flowers, a common weed in
waste ground, an infusion of which was formerly
supposed to stunt the growth MND. ni. ii. 329
you ditarf ; You minimus, of hindering k. made.
knotted: laid out in intricate designs LLL. i. i.
248 thy curious-k. garden ; gnarled Troil. i. iii. 50
knotted oaks.
knotty: gnarled Tp. i. ii. 295, Caes. i. iii. 6 k. oaks.
knotty-pated : thick-headed 1H4 n. iv. 255.
know sb. : knowledge Ham. v. ii. 44 on the ricir and
know of these contents (Ff ; Qq knowing).
know vi). : hate known (together), have been ac-
quainted (S.) Ant. II. vi. 83, Cym. i. iv. 38 ; more
known, better acquainted Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] OG ;
be not you knnirn on't, have no knowledge of it
0th. I'n. iii. 320 (Ff acknnimU) ; know for, be
aware of 2H4 i. ii. 5 ; know of, ascertain from
Meas. i.iv. 8, MND. i. i. G8, Lr. v. i. 1, 0th. v. i.ll7.
knowing (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 knowledge Tim. in. ii. 75 in 3Iy k.. Ham. v. ii. 44
(Qq) on the view and k. of these contents, Cym. i.
iv. 31 gentlemen of your k., n. iii. 102.
2 e.xperience Mac. 11. iv. 4 this sore night Hath trifled
former knowings.
knowingly: from experience All'sW. i. iii. 258,
Cym. nr. iii. 46.
knowledge : [of h im.
1 notice Ham. ii. i. 13 Take you . . . some distant k.
2 personal acquaintance Meas. in. ii. 163 Love talks
with better knowledge, AYL. i. ii. 302.
3 consciousness (of what one is) John v. ii. 35, H5
in. vii. 149 so far out of his k. ( = so as to forget
himself), Lr. iv. vi. 292 And noes by wrong imagt-
ixations lose The k. of themselves. Ant. 11. ii. 95.
la: sixth note of the scale LLL. iv. ii. 104, Lr. i. ii.
154.
la: exclamation used to introduce or accompany a
conventional phrase or an address, or to call at-
tention to an emphatic statement Wiv. i. i. 87 I
thank you always with my heart, la ! with my heart,
115 IV. vii. 151 in my conscience, la! ; also La you!
= look you Tw.N. in. iv. 113, Wint. 11. iii. 50;
repeated, as an expression of derision Tim. iii. i.
23 /.((, la, la, la I 'nothing doxibting,' says he?.
label sb. : slip of paper Cym. v. v. 431 ; slip of
paper or parchment for appending a seal to a
document (flg.) Rom. iv. i. 57. ^ The sense
'codicil' is represented in S. in the vb.
label vb. : to add as a ' label ' or codicil Tw. N. i. v.
267 every particle and utensil labelled to my will.
labour sb. : trouble or pains taken Gent. 11. i. 143
take it for your I., R2 v. vi. 41, H5 ill. vi. 170
There's for thy labour.
labour vb. (the ordinary uses are freq.)
1 to endeavour to bring about, work for or with a
view to Ado v. i. 206, Shr. i. i. 119 to L and effect
one thing, R3 i. iv. 256 he would I. my delivtri/.
2 to suffer the pains of childbirth (only fig.) Tim.
III. iv. 8, Otli. 11. i. 127 ; also said of wiiat is
* brought forth ' LLL. v. ii. 520, Troil. iv. iv. 38.
laboured :
1 oppressed with labour John 11. i. 232.
2 highly wrought Per. n. iii. 17.
labouring: heaving, palpitating 2H6 iii. ii. 1(53
the I. heart; rolling or pitching heavily 0th. 11.
i. 190 the labouring bark.
laboursome: laborious, elaborate Ham. i. ii. 59
laboursome petition, Cym. iii. iv. 167.
lace sb. : cord for fastening up the bodice, &c.
Wint. III. ii. 174 cut my lace, 2H6 iv. ii. 50.
lace vb. : to trim with ornamental (gold or silver)
braid Ado ni. iv. 20 l-el with silver ; fig. to streak
or stripe with golden (or other) colour Rom. ni.
V. 8 envious streaks Do I. the severing clouds, Mac.
II. iii. 119 His silver skin l-'d icith his golden blood,
Cym. n. ii. 22 iihile and azure l-'el with blue of
heaven's own tinct ; to trick out, adorn Sonn.
Ixvii. 4 That sin . , . should . . . I. itself with hissociety.
laced mutton: strumpet Gent. i. i. 102.
lack (1 sui-vives in the gerund 'lacking')
1 to be wanting Tit. iv. ii. 44 Here l-s but your
mother for to say amen, Hani. i. v. 186 what so poor
a man . . . 3Iay do . . . shall not I. ; Ham. i. iv., 3
(/ l-s of twelve ( = is not yet twelve o'clock).
I.ACK —
124 - ZaABGELY
2 (with cannot) to do or go without AYL. iv. i. 188 ,
hence, to perceive the absence of, miss (S.) Cor.
IV. i. 15 I shall be lov'd iihen J am l-'d, Mac. lii. iv.
Si, 0th. III. iii. 319, Ant. i. iv. 44 Comes deat'd by
htiHij Idck'd.
lack-: S. is the first to make extensive use of this
to form compounds : — lack-beard Ado v. i. 200,
-brain 1H4 li. iii. 19, -linen (= sliirtless) 2H4 ii.
iv. 132, -love MND. ii. ii. 77, -luslre AYL. n. vii.
21. [59.
'lack interj. : alas ! only in Cyni. iv. ii. 374, v. iii.
lackey s)). : running footman AU'sW. iv. iii. :>27.
lackey, lacqueyt vb. : to follow closely (like a
hickey) Ant. i. iv. 4t) Goes to and back, lackeyinijf
the iiiri/inr/ tide (Ff lackinr;),
lade : to empty as by baling 3H0 iii. ii. 139.
lading": cai-go Mer.V. in. i. 3, Tit. i. i. 72.
lady (the Virgin Maiy is usually called oitr Lndij,
occas. God's lady Rom. ii. v. G3 ; see also by'k
LADY and LAKIN)
1 wife Wiv. III. iii. 54, MND. ii i. 64, 2H6 ii. i. 177,
Cym. I. vi. 160 A I. to the worthiest sir.
2 proper name given to female hounds 1H4 in. i.
240 Lady, my brach, Lr. i. iv. 125 Lady the brach.
3 attrib. = ladylike, feminine 1H4 i. iii. 46 holiday
and I. terms. Ant. v. ii. 164 some I. trifles ; — lady
she, woman of rank Wint. i. ii. 44.
lady, lady: burden common to certain ballads
Tw.N. II. iii. 87, Rom. ii. iv. 152.
lady-bird : sweetheart, dear Rom. i. iii. 3.
lady-smock : cuckoo-flower, Cardamine pratensis
l.LL. V. ii. 903 ludy-smocks all silver-wliite.
lagt sb. (Rowe, 1709, and later edd.): lowest class
Tim. in.vi.91 (old edd. %(.'/e, conj. taf/f). ^ ' Lag '
is not found elsewhere with this meaning.
lag" adj. : late R3 ii. i. 91 came too tag to see him
burial ; — lag of, behind, later than Lr. i. ii. C.
lag"-end: latter part, fag-end 1H4 v. i. 24.
lag'g'ing' : tardy R2 i. iii. 214 Four lagging tointcrs.
lakin [ = ladv-kin] : byr i. = by'k lady Tp. in. iii.
I. MND. lii. i. 14.
lanib and lambkin are used as terms of endear-
ment : Troil. iv. iv. 23, Rom. i. iii. 3 ; 2H4 v. iii.
119.
lamentable: of sorrow John in. i.^lthnt I. rheum.
Latnmas-eve (Rom. i. iii. 17), 'day before ^anunas-
tide I Rom. i. iii. 15), which is August 1,
lamp (2 now only a slang sense)
1 torch Tp. rv. i. 23 Hymen's lamps.
2 pi. the eyes Err. v. i. 'ill My toasting l-s. Yen. 489
Vfere never four such l-s together mix'd.
lampass : disease incident to horses, consisting
in a swelling of the fleshy lining of the roof of
the mouth behind tlie front teeth Shr. ill. ii. 63.
lance, lanch :
1 to pierce R3 iv. iv. 225 Whose hands soever l-'d
their tinder hearts (Ff lanch'd, Rowe lanced), Lr.
II. i. 54 Vi'ith lus pn pared sivord . . . l-'d mine
arm (Q.j lanrht or htunclit, Ff latch'd).
2 to cut surgically R2 i. iii. 303 l-cth not the sore (Ff
Qr,lancefh, Qi launceth, Qq^u la{u)nchetlt). Ant. v.
i. 36 lie do I. Diseases (Ff launch, Pope launcc).
land: applied to the human body John iv. ii. 245
this fleshly I., Lucr. 439 the heart of all her I.
T In Tp. IV. i. 130, LLL. v. ii. 310 land is taken
by some to be laund, but it is to be noticed that
in both passages it is used for the sake of rhyme
(rommiind, hand).
land-carrack : (?) coasting vessel (cf. carrack)
0th. I. ii. 50. ^ There is prob. a rcf. to the slang
sense of ' strumpet', for which 'land-frigate ' was
also used.
land-damn*: (?) to make a liell on earth for (a
jiLTbon; Wint. ii. i. 142 ; many conj. and inter-
pretations. TI The alleged survival of the word
in dialects, with the sense ' to abuse witli ran-
cour', appears to be imperfectly authenticated.
land-fish: unnatural creature (app. literally, a tish
that lives on land) Troil. in. iii. 266.
land-raker : see foot-laxd.
land-service : military, as opposed to naval, ser-
vice ; used humorously in Wint. iii. iii. 96, and
2H4 1, ii. 165 ('my counsel, learned in land-seiTice
of this kind ').
lan^uag'e : power of speech Tp. n. ii. 89 here is that
ithiiii Hill give I. to you, cat ; ability to speak a
foreign tongue AU'sW. iv. i. 75 / shall lose my
life fur nil lit of Iniiguiuje.
langiiishing'v'bl.sb.: pi. lingeringdisease AU'sW.
I. iii. 237 ; so the ppl. adj. = lingering Cym. i. v. 9.
lank: to become shrunken (S.) Ant. i. iv. 71.
lanthom : window-turret Rom. v. iii. 84.
lap: to wrap R3 ii. i. 116, Mac. i. ii. 55 lapp'd in
proof, Cym. v. v. 361.
Iiapland: the fabled home of witches andmagicians
Krr. IV. iii. 11 Lapland sorcerers.
lapse sb.: ftiU from rectitude All'sW. ii. iii. 170.
lapse vb. (not pre-S. ; 2 there was a 17th cent.
sense ' to let slip ' of whicli this may be an early
instance with inverted construction) [vi. 12.
1 to fall into sin (by lying) Cor. v. ii. 19, Cym. in.
2 (?) Ham. in. iv. 107 l-'d in time and passion,
' having sutfered time to go by and passion to
cool '(J.).
Ti In Tw.N. III. iii. 36 (?) to pounce upon as an
offender, apprehend ; prob. associated with
' laps ' in the phr. 'fall into the laps of =come
within the power of.
lapwing": peewit; always with allusion to its
habits, e.g. its wilinessin dmwingaway a visitor
from its nest, its supposed habit of running about
when newly hatched with its liead in the shell
Meas. I. iv. 32, Err. iv. ii. 27, Ado in. i. 24, Ham.
V. ii. 193.
lard (orig. a cookeiy tenu) [iii. 12.
1 to fatten 1H4 ii. ii. 120 l-s the lean earth, Tim. iv.
2 to intersperse or enrich (speech) with particular
words, &c. Wiv. r\'. vi. 14 The mirth ... so l-cd
with my matter, Troil. v. i. 63 teit l-ed tciilt malice,
Ham. V. ii. 20.
3 to garnish H5 rv. vi. 8, Ham. iv. v. 38.
larg"e (for S. uses other than those given below
tlie mod. synonyms would for the most part be
'extensive,' ' for-reaching,' or 'wide,' i-ather
than 'great,' 'big')
1 liberal, generous, bountiful, lavish 2H6 i. i. 112
whose large style Agrees not nith tlie leanness of liis
purse, IV. vii. 76, Lr. i. i. 64 our largest bounty.
2 pompous Lr. i. i. 187 your large speeches.
3 free, unrestrained Mac. in. iv. 11 Be I. in mirth ;
(in a bad sense) licentious, gross Ado n. iii. 217
[206] I. jests, IV. i. 52, Rom. n. iv. 105 (with play
on the literal sense), Ant. in. vi. 93 large In his
abominations.
4 as sb. John n. i. 101 Tin's little abstract doth con-
tain that large 'n'liich died in Geffrey.
5 at large, (i) in full size AYL. v. iv. 176 .1 land
itself at I., Troil. i. iii. 346 The baby figure of the
giant mass Of things to come at 1.: (ii) at length, in
full, fully ficnt. ni. ii. 61 you, nith Silvia may con-
fer at 1., MND. v. i. 153 At I. discourse, H6 i. i. 78
^Yhil■h I have open'd to his Grace at 1., 1 H6 i. i. 109 ;
(iii) as a whole, in general, altogether LLL. I. i.
154. 115 n. iv. 121 in grant of all demands at large,
large-handed : t^rasping (S.) Tim. iv. i. 11 '.
largely: bountifully, copiously, abundantly Wiv.
II. ii. 211, "2114 I. iii. 12, 1'er. I. iv. 53 ; at length, in
full Ado v. iv. 09 I'll tell i/ou I. of fair Hero's death,
I.ABGX:SS -
125
— I.AY. . . ABOASD
larg'ess : liberal bestowal of gifts, free giftof money
Shr. I. ii. 154, H5 n'. Chor. 43, Mac. ii. i. 14 ;
lavish expenditure R2 i. iv. 44.
laroone (old edd.), larron (mod. edd.) : robber
Wiv. I. iv. 71. i] The French ' larron ', which is
found in the anglicized forms 'laroun' (14th
cent.), ' larroon ' and ' laron ' (17th cent.).
larnm (mod. edd. 'larum) :
1 call to arms, battle cry Shr. i. ii. 210 in a pitched
batlle heard Loud lurHtiis, Cor. i. iv. it.
2 tumultuous noise Tit. i. i. 147 icitli loud l-s wel-
cnme them to Koine.
n uneasy condition Wiv. in. v. 75 I. ofjealonsif.
larum-bell: alarm-bell 2H4 iir. i. 17. [Alas).
las, 'las (I7th cent, form) : alas 0th. v. i. Ill (Ff
lash : to scourge, castigate Err. ii. i. 15' hendstrotuj
lihirty IS InsU'iOvith woe. [138.
lass-lorn : for.saken by one's sweetheart Tp. iv. i.
last: lust morning, yesterday morning (jent. ii. i.
88 ; the last, (1) the conclusion, end Tp. i. ii. 170
hear the last (if our sea-sorrow, Goes. in. ii. 12 Be
patient till the last. Ant. v. ii. 336 Bravest at the
last; Mac. v. vii. 01 [viii. 32] try the last*, (?) go
to the utmost lengthsof venture ; (2) the last time
(S.) All'sW. v. iii. 79; at the last (e.g. Shr. v. i.
130) in the same senses as at last, but less freq. ;
in the last (S.), in tlie end, finally Cor. v. v. [vi.]
42 ; (one's) last = la.st time, last breath Tp. in. iii.
bO I will stand to and feed. Although mij last, R2
11. i. 1 breathe my last, Tim. in. Vi. 101 This is
Timon's last, Compl. 108 'It is thy last.'
lasting': contextually = everlastiiig (freq.) Tp. v.
i. 208 set it down With gold on lastimj pttlars.
latch : to catch Lr. ll. i. 54 With his prepared sword
he . . , latch'd mine arm (Qq la(,H)ncht) ; to catch
or receive the sight or sotnid of Mac. iv. iii. 195
Where hearing should not I. them, Sonn. cxiii.
For it no form delners to the Iieart Of bird, of
flower, or shape, which it doth I. ; to catch and
hold fast as by a charm or spell MND. in. ii. 36
hast thou yet l-'d the Athenian's eyes With the lovc-
jnice ?.
late adj. (the superlative latest usu. = last LLL. v.
ii. 795 iVo«', at the l-st minute of the hour, 2H4 iv.
v. 181 the very l-st counsel That ever I shall breathe,
0th. I. iii. 28 To have that latest which concerns
him first ; absol. Tim. iv. ii. 23 The l-st of my wealth)
1 performed at a late hour H8 v. i. 13.
2 recent in date, recently made, completed, per-
formed, appointed Tp. v. i. 145 the like loss.— As
great to me, as /. JJ^j^vi. 1 the l-st news we hear,
US It. ii. Gl the iTcommissioners, H8 ii. i. 147 of
late days, Mac. i. vi. 19 the I, dignities heap'd up to
them, Lr. iv. v. 24 at her late being here.
late adv.: recently, of late, lately Tp. v. i. 113 to
abuse me, As I. I have been, MND. v. i. 53 I. de-
ceased, Tw.N. V. i. 225 but so I. a/jo, R3 in. i. 99
Too I. he died that might have kept that title. Ant.
IV. i. 13 those that servd Mark Antony butl.; with
ppl. adjs. 1H4 II. iii. 64 Like bubbles in a l.-dis-
turbed stream, 1H6 in. ii. 82 this l.-betray'd town,
Tit. I. i. 184 our l.-deceased emperor's sons, Ven.
818 Gazing upon a l.-embarked friend, Lucr. 1740
(( late-sack'd island.
lated : belated Mac. in. iii. 6, Ant. iii. ix. [xi.] 3.
late walking : keeping late hours Wiv. v. v. 156.
lath: as the material of a counterfeit weapon
(.see also dagger 2) Rom. i. iv. 5 no Cupid . . .
Bearing a Tartar's painted bow of lath ; contemp-
tuously - sword Tit. li. i. 41 have your lath glued
within your sheath Till you know better how to
handle it.
latten: mixed metal of yellow colour.identical with
or closely reseuibljng brass Wiv. i. i. 167 /. bilbo.
latter: last H5 iv. i. 144 at the I. day, 1H6 ii. v. 38
in his bosom spend my I. gasp ; also t. days, times,
age, end.
lattice : red I., window of lattice-work painted red
(the sign of an alehouse) 2H4 ii. ii. 88.
laud : hymn Ham. iv. vii. 178 snatches of old lauds
(Q, VUunes).
laughter: subject for merriment 1H4 n. ii. 105,
Cas. IV. iii. 49, 113.
launch: to cut ; see lance.
laund: glade 3H6 in. i. 2, Yen. 813.
launder : transf. to wet Compl. 17.
laundry : blunder for ' laundress ' Wiv. i. ii. 4.
laurel: wreathed with laurel Ant. i. iii. 100 Vpon
your sword Sit laurel victory (Ff2 34 Lawrell'd).
lave : Mac. in. ii. 33 Must lave our honours in tlusc
flattering streams { = ' must keep our royal dig-
nities unsullied by flattering Banquo and those
who are formidable to us').
lavish (obs. sense) : unrestrained, wild, licentious
2H4 IV. iv. 64, Mac. i. ii. 58.
lavishly : wildly 2H4 iv. ii. 57.
lavolt Troil. IV. iv. 86, lavolta H5 iii. v. 33 :
lively dance for two persons.
law sb. (special uses are the foil.)
1 what the law awards 2H6 i. iii. 214.
2 in phr. expressing rel.ation by marriage Shr. iv.
V. 00 by law . . .1 may entitle thee my loving father,
R3 IV. i. 23 Their aunt I am in law.
3 system of divine commands and of penalties
imposed for disobedience contained in Holy
Scripture LLL. iv. iii. 304 charily itself fiilflts the
law, John II. i. 180 The anion of the law.
law interj.: = LA, LLL. v. ii.415i(; Godhdp me, law.
law-day: day for the sitting of a court of law,
session of such a court 0th. in. iii. 140 leets and
law-days.
lay sb.: wager 2H6 v. ii. 27 My soul and body on the
action both! — ,1 dreadful lay!, 0th. li. iii. 332,
Cyni. I. iv. 16L
lay vb. (4 only once in S., hut common in literature
from the 14th cent, and app. not regarded as a
soleci.sm in the 17th and 18th)
1 to bui-y Tw.N. ii. iv. 52 in sad cypress let me be
laid, H8iv. ii. 22 to lay his weary bones among ye,
Gym. IV. ii. 233 where shall 's lay him ?.
2 to beset with traps 2H6 iv. i. 4 all the country is
laid for me.
3 to stake, wager LLL. i. i. 306 I'll lay my head to
any good man's hat, Tw.N. in. iv. 225 I have . . .
laid 'mine honour too unchary on't (mod. edd. out),
Troil. III. i. 97 lay my life. Ham. v. ii. 106 laid a
great wager. [tale.
4 "to lie Compl. 4Atid down I laid to list the sad-tun'd
lay . . . aboard (1) lay knife aboard, make an attack,
board (cL board i) Rom.ii. iv. 216 ; (2) board (a
vessel) 2H6 iv. i. 25 / lost mine eye in laying the
prize aboard ; lay apart, aside, put away from
one AYL. iv. iii. 45, Wint. iv. i. [ii.] 57, R2 ii.
ii. 3, H5 II. iv. 78, Cor. I. i. 203; lay toy, (1)
put aside or away from one Ado v. i. 64 to lay
my reverence by, H5 i. ii. 276, Troil. ii. iii. 87 ; (2)
come to a stand, 'stand' 1H4 i. ii. 40; lay
down, (1) bring to bed of a child, H8 i. iii. 40
a speeding trick to lay down ladies ; (2) formulate,
prescribe Ado iv. i. 238 m better shape Than lean
lay it down in likelihood, 1H4 i. ii. 167 I will lay
him down such reasons, 2H4 I. iii. 35 To lay down
likelihoods and forms of hope, H5 i. ii. 137 lay down
our proportions ; (3) wager, stake, 0th. iv. ii. 12
Lay down my soul at slake ; lay for, lie in wait
forTim. in. v. 117 ; lay forth,(l) bring out and
display Shr. iv. iii. 62 ; (2) lay out for burial
H8 lY. ii. 172 ; lay home to, attack, press hard
LAYER-UP -
LSAVE
Ham. in. iv. 1 ; lay it on, do it in good style
Tp. iTi. ii. 164, Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 43; layoff,
steer away from the sliore Tp. t. i. 55 ; lay on,
(1) impose Shr. v. ii. l:iO luijini/ on m>/ dutij :
(2) apply a coat of (paint), always in fig. con-
text AVL. I. ii. 113 tiKii was laid vn with a Iron-tl
(i.e. laid on thick), Tw.N. i. v. 260 beauty . . .
whose rid and nliite Xahire's aim . . . handlatdon,
■\Vint. V. iii. 49 the colour 's Sot dry.— My lord,
your sorrow n'as too sore laid on . . . So many
summers dry ; lay out, expend Tw.N. in. iv.
225 I have . . . laid my honour too unchary oulf
(old etUl. 0)i7); lay to, bring into action Tp. iv.
i. 253; lay up, (1) put away 2H4 v. i. 94 like a
vd cloak ill laid up ; (2) to incapacitate, ' do tor '
AYL. I. iii. 7.
layer-np* : Ho v. ii. 247 old afje, that ill I. ofheauty,
' which storesup beauty till it becomes wrinkled '
(cf. 2H4 V. i. 94).
lazar : poor and diseased person, esp. a leper H5
I. i. 15, Troil. ir. iii. 37, v. i. 13the louse of a I.,
Ham. I. V. 12 Most I. -like, with vde and loathsome
crust ; — adj. H5 il. i. 80 the I. kite of Cressid's kind.
lazy: sluggish MND. v. i. 41 The I. time; Rom. ii.
ii. 31 the l.-puffing clouds (Qi lasie pacing, mod.
edd. lazij-pacing. Collier -passinii\). [35.
lead sb.: bullets, shot LLL. nr. i. 60, 65, lH4v. iii.
lead (1 tlie orig. sense of the verb)
1 to carry All's W. iv. iii. 300 h'ns led the drum
before the English tragedians; fig. Mer.V. r\'. i. 18
That thou, but kad'st'this fa<<hion of thy malice To
the last hour of act, Tw.iS'. I. v. 202 lead these
graces to the grate.
2 to take the first steps in (a dance with a person)
AU'sW. II. iii. 49 he's able to lead her a coranto,
H8 1, iv. 107 I have ... a measure To lead 'em once
again; cf. Ado u. i. 159 IFe must follow the
leaders.
3 to go forward Tp. n. i. 331 [.323] Lead off this
ground. Ant. ii. vi. 81 Will yon lead, lords f, Cym.
IV. iv. 53 Lead, lead.
lead away, lead astray, seduce Sonn. xcvi. 11 How
many gazers iniglitst thou lead away; lead on,
(1) conduct (operations) Cor. I. ii. 15 lead on this
preparation ; (2) entice or beguile into going to
greater lengths Wiv. il. i. 97 lead him on wiili a
fne-baited delay.
leaden: I. mace, attributed to the powers of sleep
C;vs. IV. iii. 267 ; so MND. in. ii. 365 sleep With
I. legs; inert, spiritless 1H6 iv. vi. 12 /. age. Yen.
34 t.'appetite; depressing 0th. in. iv. 176i/(fiie. . .
II itli leaden thoughts been prcss'd.
leading': command H5 iv. iii. 130, R3 v. iii. 298 ;
direction Lucr. 436, Cor. iv. v. 143 The L of thine
own revenges; generalship lH4iv. iii. 17 men of
such great leading.
leagiie: alliance, amity, friendsliip, truce Wiv.
in. ii. 26 a 1. between my good man and he. Err.
II. ii. 149, MND. in. ii. 373, John n. i. 417 peact
and fair-fac'd L, R3 i. iii. 281 In sign of Land
amity. Tit. V. iii. 2'.i For peace, for love, for league.
leagued: applied to the folded arms Cym. iv. ii.
213. ^ 0th. n. iii. 220 // partially affin'd, or
leagu'df in office (Qq partiality, Qq Fi keigue).
leaguer: camp AU'sW. in. vi. 27.
leak : to make water 1H4 ii. i. 22.
lean adj. (tig. uses) : poor, meagre, mean Err. in.
ii. 93 I have but lean luck, Tw.N. m. iv. 380 my
lean and low abiliiii. Ant. n. ii. 19.1 leaner action;
unfertile, barren'lH4 ii. ii. 120, 2H-1 iv. iii. 129 ;
scantily furnished 1H4 i. ii. 82 no lean wardrobe.
lean vb. ("physical senses, trans, and intr., occur)
1 to rely or depend on Meas. n. i. 49 (quibble), 2H4
I. i. 164 [their] lives . . . Lean on your health, Troil.
in. iii. 85, Ham. iv. iii, 60 every thinij . . . That
else leeins on the affair.
2 to defer Cym. i. i. 78 lean'd imlo his sentence.
lean-witted (S.) ; poor in intellect R2 n. i. 115.
leap sb.: place to be leaped H8 v. i. 140 ion take a
precipice for no leap of danger,
leap vb.:
1 to be eager /o do a thing Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 51
Will leap to be his friend. Per. v. iii. 45.
2 I. Over, (i) to pass beyond (a limit) Jler.Y. i. ii.
20 n hot temper l-s o'er a cold decree ; (ii) to pass
over, skip 2H4 iv. iv. 124 as the year Had found
so)iie mmiths asleep andl-'d them over, Troil. Pro).
27 our play L-s o'er the . . .firstlings of those broils.
leaping-house (S.) : brothel 1H4 i. ii". 9.
leaping-time (S.): youth Cym. iv. ii. 200.
learn : to teach (always with' two objects or accusa-
tive and intin.) Tp. i. ii. 365 For l-iny me your
language, Gent. ii. vi. 13 To I. his wit to exchange
the bad for better. Ham. v. ii. 9 Iheit should I. iis
There 's a divinity that shapes our ends (Ff teach),
0th. I. iii. 183 do I. -me How to respect you ; (lience)
to inform of something Troil. n. i. 22 /. tne the
proclamation.
learned (so the customary ' my learned friend ')
1 instructed, educated, experienced, wise AYL.
I. i. 176 never schooled and yet I., Tw.N. i. v. 281,
Cor. in. i. 98, Otb. in. iii. 259 knows all qualities,
with a learned spirit. Of human dealings.
2 of great knowledge in the law Mer.Y. iv. i. 167.
learning: what is learnt:— (1) lesson, instruction
Cym. I. i. 43, Sonn. l.K.Kvii. 4 of this book this I.
iwiyst thou taste ; (2) information Ant. ii. ii. 51 /
. . . have my I. from some true reports ; (3) acquire-
ment (S.) Ham. V. ii. 35 / . . . labour'd much How
to forget that learning. [i. 193.
learning-place : place of instruction All'sAY. i.
lease: m 7. =on a lease Sonn. xiii. 5 that beauty
which yon hold in I.; — /. of nature, the term of the
natural life Mac. iv. i. 9d Macbeth Shall live the I.
of nature.
leash: three (the usual number of liounds coupled
in one leash) 1H4 n. iv. 7 a leash of drawers . . . as
Tom. Dick, and Francis.
leash'd in: coupled together (in a set of three)
H5 I. Chor. 7 at his heels, Leash'd in like hounds,
. . .famine, sirord, and fire ; cf. preceding word.
leasing : lying Tw.N. i. v. 104, Cor. v. ii. 22.
least: in the I., (1) at the lowest estimate Lr. i. i.
194 ; (2) in the smallest degree ii. iv. 143.
leather-coat: russet apple 2H4v. iii. 42.
leave sb. (l also in plir. by I., under I. of, by yourl.,
with your leave, have leave.)
1 permission Gent. ii. iv. 25 Give him I. ( = make
allowances for him), Err. l. i. 35 I'll utter what my
sorrow gives me I. ( = allows), 3H6 in. ii. 34 you
will have leave ( = you will be free to do as you
please), Yen. 568 love, uhose I. exceeds commission.
2 permission to depart; used in polite fonns of
I i) bidding farewell Viiv. in. ii. 29, Mer.V. ii. iv. 15
By yourl., sir. — Whither goestthou?; (ii) dismissal
John I. i. 230 wilt thou, give its leave awhile '? (i.e.
leave lis alone), 3H6 in. ii. .33, Rom. l. iii. 7 ;
Tw.N. II. iv. 73 Give me now I. to leave thee [dis-
missing the clown], AYint. li. i. 123, 1H4 i. iii.
20 You, have good I. to leave ns ; similarly take
(one's) leave (freq.) = orig. to receive permission
to depart (cf. Ali'sW. v. iii. 79 took her /. = bade
her farewell).
3 leave-taking Mac. iv. iii. 236 Our lack is nothing
but our I. (i.e. taking leave of the king, or (?) ah
instance of sense 2), Ham. i. iii. 54 Occasion
smiles upon a second leave.
leave vb. (the usual mod. senses are freq.)
LHAVEN -
127
-LETHE
1 to abandon, forsake, give up Gent. v. iv. 138,
Mcr.V. V. i. 196 liow tivirillingly I If/t the riiif/,
Cor. ir. iii. ISO itoin i/oii liave left ijourroirrx, Ua.ni.
III. iv. 91 sncli . . . yrnined spots As uill not I. their
thict.
2 to desist from, stop, discontinue, -' leave off'
Mens. IV. ii. G /. me yom- siiatclies, Mcr.V. v. i.
43 L. l(ollniiu/, K3 1. ii. 1 16 To I. tin's keen encounter
of our wits, Cor. IV. i. 1 Come I. your tears, Luer.
1089 I. tliy peepini/ ; witli infin. Gent. li. vi. 17
I cannot leave to lore, Ham. iii. iv. 66.
3 to cease, desist 2H6 in. ii. 333 J'ou hade me Inn,
eiud irill you bid me I.?, Per. ii. i. 47 ; to break oft
in a narrative, reading, or conversation Shr. in.
i. 26, Ham. ii. i. 51 / teas about to say something ;
nhere did I I.?, Cym. ii. ii. 4 Fold doun the leaf
uhere I have left, Ven. 715.
4 left out, excepted Cym. li. iv. 85.
leaven : lay the I. on, taint Cym. iii. iv. 04.
leavened: fig. well-considered Meas. i. i. 52.
leavy : abounding in foliage Ado ii. iii. 77.
lecture (old edd. also lector, a 16tli-17tli cent, form)
1 discourse given before an audience for the pur-
pose of instruction Cor. li. iii. 243 Say irc read l-s
to you. How younyly he began . . .
2 coiirse of instruction, lesson Shr. m. i. 8, 23, 24
you'll leave liis I.; fig. instructive example Lucr.
C18. [Ham. II. i. 67.
3 admonition, reproof A YL. in. ii. 370 (Fi Lectors),
leer': complexion, countenance AYL. iv. i. (lit «
Rosalind of a better leer than you. Tit. iv. ii. 120
Here's ei young Iculfram'd of another leer.
leer-: (not pre-S.) : amorous side-glance "\Viv. i.
iii. 48. . .
lees: construed as a sing. Mac. u. iii. 102.
leese: to lose Sonn. v. 14.
leet: special court of record whicli the lords of
certain manors were empowered to hold yearly
or Iialf-yearly Shr. Ind. ii. 89 present her at the I.,
Because she brought stone jugs and no seal'd quarts ;
used with tautology in Utli. in. iii. 140 Keep Icels-
and law days, cf. "The Leete and Law day is al
one' (SirT. Smitli's Common wealth of England,
1589).
left hand : leave on the I., disregard Wiv. ii. ii. 25.
leg'; obeisance made by drawing back one leg and
bending the other All'sW. ii. ii. 11, 1H4 it. iv.
432 here is my ley, Cor. ir. i. 78 caps and leqs, Tim.
I. ii. 241.
lege [aphetic form of 'allege ' in use 14th-16th
cent.]: to bring forward Shr. l. ii. 28.
legend : misused for ' legion ' AViv. i. iii. 57. (Ff Qs
a legend, Qi legians, Q-> legions).
legerity: nimbleness lH5'iv. i. 2^ fresh legerity.
legion: host, military or otherwise, esp. of devils ;
in Tw.N. m. iv. 97 If all the devils in hell bedraun
in little, and Legion himself possrss'd him, the ref.
is to Mark v. 9 ' their name is Legion '.
legitimate: logically inferred Tw.X. in. ii. 16.
legitimation: legitimacy John i. i. 248.
ledger, leiger: (resident) ambassador, (perma-
nent) representative or agent Meas. in. i. 57, Cym.
I. V. 80.
leisure (the now somewhat archaic sense of
' opportunity ' is freq.; 3 cf. Greek <Txo\rj ; in H8
m. ii. 141 spiritual /. = 'time withdrawn from
earthly businessand devoted to religious duties')
1 pi. = leisure moments Compl. 193.
2 attend, stay {upon), tarry, nail for a per.son's
leisure, wait until he is unoccupied, wait his time
Ado I. iii. 17, Mcr.V. i. i. 08, .lohn ii. i. 58, 1H4
I. iii. 258, Mac. i. iii. 148, in. ii. 3.
3 by leisure, barely, not at all Tit i. i. .301 I'll trust,
by leisure, him thai mocks me once.
leman : sweetheart Tw.N. ir. iii. 27, 2H4 v. iii. 47 ;
paramour Wiv. iv. ii. l'i!'>.
lend : to hold out (a handj to be taken Wint. iv. ii.
[iii.] 74/,. me thy hand, I'll hdp thee. Tit. in. i. 187.
lendings (2 a l(5th-17th cent, use; 'Succors or
lendings which they giue souldiers where there
is no paie, and when the paie conies they take it
off,' Minsheu, 1599)
1 non-essential appurtenances Lr. iir. iv. 112.
2 money advance to soldiers when the regular pay
cannot be given R2i. i. 89.
length sb. (1 rare outside S. ; 5 common Eliz.)
1 of I., long R2 IV. i. 11 Is not my arm of I., Troil.
1. iii. 136 To cud a tale ofleni/th.
2 prolixity, lengthiness 'R2 v. i. 94 there ts such I.
■in grief. Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 46 All length is torture.
3 reach, range Mac. iv. iii. 233 Within my sivord's
/., Ham. I. ii. 204 Within his truncheon's I., Per.
I. i. 108 within my pistol's length.
4 (long) strctcli or extent John I. i. 105 lai-ge l-s oj
seas, Sonn. xliv. 10 To leap large l-s of miles.
5 draw out in I., prolong, pi'otra'ct Mer.\'.in. ii. 23.
length vb.': to lengthen Pilgr. xiv. 30 [210].
lenten: meagre, scanty Tw.N. i. v. 9 A e/ood I.
answer, Ham. ii. ii. 337 [329] whatl. entertainment;
— /. pic, pie containing no meat Kom. ii. iv. 142.
lenvoy, I'envoy: concluding part of a poem LLL.
III. i. 74, &c.
leperous : causing leprosy Ham. i. v. 64.
less : less in, inferior in point of R2 ii. iii. 15, R3
IV. iv. 300, Ant. V. ii. 363 ; nothing less than, (1)
the same thing as 1H6 ii. v. 100 n'ly father's exe-
cution Was nothing less than bloody iynniiiy ; (2)
anything but R2 ii. ii. 34 'Tis nothing bat con-
ceit, my gracious lady. — 'Tis nothing less. % Used
peculiarly by S. with words expressing or im-
plying a negative, wliere the sense requires
'more ' Wint. in. ii. 57, Cor. i. iv. 14, Cym. i. iv.
24 ; similarly lesser in Troil. i. i. 30.
lesson : musical piece or exercise .Shr. in. i. 01 My
lessons make iio music iii tliree parts.
let sb.: hindrance H5 v. ii. 65, Lucr. 330, 646.
let vb. (the other vb. let ' to liinder ' occurs)
1 to allow to remain Wint. i. ii. 41.
2 to forbear lo Lucr. 10 did not lit To praise the clear
nnmutched red and white.
3 with ellipsis of ' go ' (very freq.) chiefly in the im-
perative Gent. in. ii. 91 Leius into the citij, Mer.V.
III. ii. 39 let me to my fortune, 1H4 I. i. 91 Hut let
him from my thowjhts, H8 I. ii. 176 Let him on,
Troil. I. i. 5 Let him to field, Cym. iv. ii. 152 I'll
throw't into the creek . . . and lei it to the sea.
4 special uses of the imperative :— (i) let me have,
give me, tell me Gent. ii. vii. 57, Cor. iv. v. 237 ;
(ii) /(/ him be, suppose him to be R2 i. i. .59, H8 iv.
ii. 147 ; (iii) let me alone for, trust ine for Tw.N.
in. iv. 204.
5 to cause Ham. iv. vi. 11 if your name be Horatio,
rtv I am let to know it is (i.e. informed).
let be, let it alone Wint. v. iii. 61, Ant. iv. iv. 6 ;
no matter Ham. v. ii. 238 ; let forth, allow to
pass forth, give passage to MND. v. ii. 11 [i. 388],
Lucr. 1029 ; let loose, (1) to unfold H5 iv. ii. 41
their ragged curtains (i.e. banners) poorly are let
loose ; (2) abandon Tp. ii. ii. 37 / do now 'let loose
my opinion ; (3) relax one's hold, let go MND. iii.
ii. 260 Hnng off . . . let loose; let out, lend at
interest Tim. in. v. 109.
let-alone* (S.) : (a) forbearance, abstention from in-
terference, (hence) permission, (b) hindrance Lr.
v. iii. 80. [251.
lethargied (not pre-S.) : dulled, blunted Lr. i. iv.
Ziethe : in Greek mythology, a river in Hades, the
drinking of whose waters caused forgetfulncss
LETHE'D -
128
I.IEGE
of the past; hence, ' waters of oblivion ' Tw.X. iv.
i. CO, 2H4 V. ii. 72 ivasli'd in L., (uid fotr/ottcu,
K3 IV. iv. 251, Ant. ir. vii. 115 sttcp'd mir stnsc In
soft (tnd delicate L.\ attrib. Ham. i. v. 33//. ivliarf.
^ in C«s. III. i. 200 (Fi Lelhec) used for 'death '
a|i|i. through the influence of Latin tei[li')i<>n ; cf.
Blount 'Glossographia', 1070, 'Lethean', deadly,
mortal.
Lethe'd, old edd. Iiethied: oblivions Ant. n. i.
27 Eien (ill a J.cllie'il dnliies';.
letter (2 'hunt the letter', 'lick tlie letter' were
other Eliz. phrases)
1 110 leltcr, not a word Cj-ni. iv. iii. 30.
2 tiffict the I., practise alliteration LLL. TV. ii. 50.
3 pi. with sing, sense, esp. =formal commnnication
issued by authority Ado i. i. 20, IHG v. iv. '.)5,
K3 IV. V. 20 (Qq These Is, Ff Mi/ L.), 0th. iv. i.
280 ; = letter of recommendation Err. v. i. 138 ; cf.
0th. I. i. 36 by I. (i.e. by commendatory letter,
by favour).
4 literal meaning, litcralness Otli. i. iii. 08 m the
bitter I., Cym. v. v. 451 Answerimj the letter of the
oracle.
5 learning Tp. ii. i. 157 [150], Per. iv. Gower 8 Irain'd
In music's l-s (mod. edd. music, l-sf) ; a.]HO yood l-s
in the same sense 2H-i iv. i. 44.
lettered: learned, literate LLL. v. i. 40.
level sb. (2 only in fig. phrases)
1 hold. . . level with, be on an diuality with 1114 lii.
ii. 17.
2 aiming a missile, ■weapon, range of a missile
All'sW. II. i. 150 the I. of mine aim, Wint. iii. ii.
82 Mjj life sia}uls in the I. of your dreams, H8 r. ii.
2 I stood i' the I. Of afitll-chari/'d confuUracy, Koin.
III. iii. 102 Shot from the deadli/ Lofaijiin, Sonn.
cxvii. 11 within the level of your froirn.
level adj. (used literally oiily once 2H4 iii. i. 47)
1 hvcl to, readily accessible to 2H4 iv. iv. 7.
2 'ci|uipoised, steady ' (Schmidt) Tw.X. ii. iv. 31
So sways she I. in Iter husband's heart, 2H4 ii. i.
128 rt level consideration.
3 adv. witli direct aim Ham. iv. i. 42 As L as the
rininon to his blank, IV. v. 150.
level vb. (2 is transf. from the sense of ' aim ',
which is the most frcq. S. sense, lit. and fig.)
1 1(1(1 with, be on a par with 0th. I. iii. 240.
2 krtl at, gucss at Wer.V. i. ii. 41, Ant. v. ii. 337.
leven, mod. edd. 'leven : clipped form of ' eleven '
LLL. III. i. ISO [172J ((. l.-jHiicefarHiini/, Mer.V. ii.
ii. 177 a I. widuirs, Wint. iv. ii. [iii.] 33 Every I.
vithir iiids. ■] In mod. use chiefly northern and
Kast-Auglian dial.
levy: app. misused for levef, = aim Per. ii. v. 52
Sever did thoiujlit of mine levy offence. T] There are
other instances of this misuse in the 17th cent.
lewd: bad, vile, worthless (once a common sense)
Ado V. i. 348 [.341] this I. fellow, Shr. iv. iii. 05 'tis
I. and filthy, lH4iir. ii. 13 ,v!if/t /., suck mean at-
ti inpts, R3 1, iii. 01 /. complaints ; so lewdly, wick-
edly 2H0 II. i. 105 nauf/lity persons, I. bent ; lewd-
ness, wickedness H8 I. iii. 35.
lewdster : lascivious per.son Wiv. v. iii. 24.
liable :
1 /. /(), (i) subject the influence or operation of C.ies.
I. ii. 198 )/ my name ( = 1) were I. to fear. Per. iv.
vi. 183 ; (ii) subject or subservient to John ii. i.
490, V. ii. 101 such us to my claim are I., Cxs. ii.
ii. 104.
2 suitable, fit LLL. v. i. 99, .Tolin iv. ii. 226.
libbard : old form of ' leopard ' LLL. v. ii. 540 ^\'ilh
l-'s head on t.nee. ^] Cf. ' A Lihbards head (on the
knees or elbowes of old fashioned garments)',
Slurwood, 1032.
libel sb.: defamatory bill or pamphlet R3 i. i. 33.
libel vb.: to make libellous statements Tit. iv. iv.
17. [ous')
liberal (the most freq. sense is ' bountiful, gener-
1 the distinctive epithet of those arts and sciences
which were deemed worthy of a free man Tp. i.
ii. 73.
2 of gentleman-like liabits or character 2HG iv. vii.
08, 3HG I. ii. 43 ; ' becoming a gentleman ' (J.) or
person of refinement or taste LLL. ii. i. 167 All I.
reason I will yield unto. Ham. v. ii. 160 of very I.
conceit ( = of tasteful design ; similarly l.-conceited
169).
3 free in speech R2 it. i. 230 a I. tongue, 0th. v. ii.
218 I'll be in speakiny I. as the north (as an adv. in
Ft speak as liberal as the north).
4 unrestrained by prudence or decorum, gross,
licentious Ado iv. i. 93 ii I. villain, LLL. v. ii. 741,
Mer.V. II. ii. 200, Ham. iv. vii. 171* That I. shep-
herds (live a f/rosser name (or ? sense 3), 0th. ii.
i. 164 a most profane and liberal counsellor.
libertine: one who follows his own inclinations
H5 I. i. 48 The air, a charter'd libertine.
liberty {the I. in Ham. it. ii. 430 [421] is of doubtful
meaning)
1 the I. of, unrestricted access to Meas. rv. ii. 155.
2 improi3er freedom, licence Weas. i. iii. 29, Err. i.
ii. 102 l-ics of sin, Tim. iv. i. 25, Ham. ii. i. 24.
3 pi. privileges, rights Cor. ii. iii. 223, Caas. v. i.
76, Per. I. ii. 112 wrong my liberties.
licence sl>. : leave, permission Meas. n. iv. 146, H5
IV. vii. 75, 2H6 iv. iii. 8, Ham. iv. iv. 2.
licence vb.: to permit 1H4 i. iii. 123.
licentioiis : unrestrained by law or morality Tim.
v. iv. 4 you have . . , fill'd the time With all I.
measure.
licourish: see i.iQuoEisn.
lictor : oflicial who attended upon a Roman magis-
trate, kind of beadle Ant. v. ii. 213.
lid: by God's lid = 'slid Troil. i. ii. 225.
lie (pa. jijde. lain 5 times, lien twice ; Ham. v. i. 189
Qq lycn. Ft lain ; Per. in. ii. 85 Qq i_3 lien, Ff ^ t
been)
1 to be or remain in bed asleep Troil. iv. i. 3 to lie
lony, Mac. it. iii. 20 lie so late.
2 to be still Per. iit. i. 49 the ivind is loud, and will
not lie till the ship be cleared of the dead.
3 to be kept in prison 1H4 iv. iii. 90 without ransom
to lie forfeited, R3 r. i. 115 I will deliver you, or else
lie for you.
4 to dwell, sojourn, lodge, csp. to sleep or pass the
night somewhere (freq.) Wiv. ii. i. 180 Jtoes he lie
at the darter?, IHO it. ii. 41 her poor castle irhcre
she lies. Cor. i. ix. 82 I sometime lay . , . At a poor
man's house.
5 to be in a certain posture of defence 1H4 ii.
iv. 220 Thou knowest my old ward ; here I lay,
and thus I bore my point, Troil. i. ii. 281, 286.
liealon^: lie outstretched upon the ground AYL.
IT. i. 30 ; lie in, reside in, depend upon Wiv. v.
i. 3 good luck lies in odd numbers, Meas. in. i. 275,
R2 1, ii. 4 correction lieth in those hands Which made
the fault. Cor. in. iii. 92 ,1s ynnch as in him lies;
lie off, stand some distance away//0)u a place
1H4 III. i. 80 ; lie on or upon, (1) rest as an
obligation upon 1H4 v. ii. 47 woiilil the qunrnl
lay iipon our heads.'. Cor. in. ii. 52 it lies you on
to speak To the people; (2) depend upon AU'sW.
III. vii. 43 As if his life lay on't, Troil. iv. iv. 147,
Ant. III. viii. 5, Sonn. xcii. 10 ; lie under, be
subject to (some disadvantage) Ado iv. i. 171,
Troil. II. iii. 145.
lief: dear 2H0 III. i. IM My liefest liee/e; otherwise
only in plir. had as lief {oUl odd. also lievi).
liege : only in the sense ' sovereign lord, superior
LIEGEBIAN —
129
- LIMB-niEAI.
to whom allegiance is due'; fig. LLL. in. i. 193
[185].
lieg'enian : vassal, subject Wint. n. iii. 173, 1H4
II. iv. 377 that , . . stoore the devil his true L, Ham.
I. i. 15.
lie-g'iver : one tliat gives tlie lie R2 iv. i. 68.
lieutenantry : lieutenancy Otli. ii. i. 174 If suclt
tncks us these strip you out of your I. ;— om /., by
deputy Ant. in. ix. [xi.] 39.
life (for o' life f Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 263 see a-life ; 7
is recorded first from S.)
1 of life, living Sonn. xvi. 9.
2 (one's) life, in one's lifetime Wint. i. i. 45, v. i.
137 I desire my life Once more to look on him.
3 in asseverations and oaths:— /o>- my I. Ado iii.
ii. 76, LLL. v. ii. 726 ; God's my I. Ado iv. ii. 75,
MND. iv. i. 210^ YL. in. v. 43 Od 's my little life.
4 embodiment of life, living being Mac. v. vii. 31
[\in. 2] Whiles I see lives.
5 soul, essence John v. vii. 1 the I. of cdl his blood,
Troil. I. iii. 385, li. ii. 194 the I. of our desiijn.
6 my I., my beloved, my dearest (I'req.) Cym. v. v.
227 My queen, my life, my wife.
7 (chiefly the I.) the living form or model, living
semblance Ado li. iii. 117 [110], Wint. v. iii. 19
the I. as lively mock'd, H5 v. Chor. 5 cannot in their
liuye and proper I. Be here presented, Tim. l. i. 36,
39, Ven. 289 when a painter icould surpass the I. ;—
to the I., with faithful or exact presentation or
reproduction Cor. in. ii. 106, Per. v. i. 247 ; so
wi/k jjood life Tp. in. iii. 86.
life-blood : life-giving or vital blood Mer.V. in. ii.
2(17 ; fig. vital part 1H4 iv. 1.29 1. of 07tr enterprise.
lifeless (old edd. always liveless) : obscure use in
Err. I. i. 158 {luclclessf, life's lastf).
lifelines : in a trivial oath Od's I. Tw.N. v. i. 188.
lifter: tliief Troil. i. ii. 127 (with quibble).
liftingf up : rising 2H4 iv. iv. 93 The I. of day.
lig-gens : in By God's I. (an oath) 2H4 v. iii. 66 (Q).
light tih. {put out a person's Ityht is not pre-S.)
1 in asseverations: — bij this I. (freq.), God's I. (cf.
•slight) Tp. n. ii. 165 [147], 162 [154], 1H4 ni. iii.
71, H5 IV. viii. 66.
2 enlightenment, information Gent. in. i. 49, Tw.N.
v. i. 348, John iv. iii. 61, Per. I. iii. 18.
light adj. (quibbles are frequent)
1 unimportant, slight, trivial Tp. I. ii. 449 .Vab: Ih,
prise I., MND. in. ii. 133 as I. as tales, Ho ii. ii. 811
for a few I. o'otcns ; — liold, set I., account of small
value R2 i. iii. 293, 0th. ii. iii. 176.
2 full of levity, frivolous Shr. ii. i. 204 youny and
lif/ht, Rom. II. ii. 99, Lr. in. iv. 92 liyht of<ar.
3 wanton, unchaste Err. iv. iii. 61 al. wench, Mer.V.
n. vi. 42, 2H4 n. iv. 322.
4 active, nimble, swift Shr. ii. i. 205, Rom. ii. ii.
66 love's liylit icinys, Ven. 150, 1192.
5 easy Tp. I. ii. 448 too light winnimj.
6 cheerful, merry Gent. i. ii. 81 so I. a tune, 2H4 iv.
ii. 86 I. in spirit, 0th. iv. i. 103 I. behaviour.
7 delirious, light-headed Err. v. i. 72, 0th. iv. i. 280
Are his wits safe .« %s he not light of bruin?.
light vb.' : to fall, descend (lit. and fig.) ; pa. pple.
usu. lii/htid, once light Per. IV. ii. 77.
light vbi- (rare uses) : to grow light 1H4 in. ii. 138
the day, whene'er it l-s; to shine Troil. i. i. 39 as
when the sun doth I. a-scorn (mod. edd. a storiii-f).
lighten : to enlighten 2H4 n. i. 212 the Lord I. thee.
lightening, old edd. lightning: /. before death,
fxhilaiation which is supposed to occiir in some
instances just before death Kom. v. iii. 90.
light-foot (very common in the 10th cent.) : light-
footed, nimble R3 iv. iv. 441.
lightly (5 current Irom 14th to 17th cent.)
1 to no great amount LLL. i. ii. 159 611/ 1, nwurdcd ;
in a slight degree E3 I. iii. 45 they love his Grace
but lii/htli/.
2 cheerfully Rom. v. i. 3, Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 138.
3 easily, readily Err. iv. iv. 5 My wife . . . will not
lightly truxt the messenger, Tit. n. iii. 289.
4 nimbly, quickly Gent. in. i. 142.
6 commonly, often R3 in. i. 94 Short summers I.
have a forward spring.
6 thoughtlessly Cor. iv. i. 29 Belicve't not lightly.
lightness: lightheadedness Ham. n. ii. 149.
light o' love : name of a popular dance-tune, to
which several 16th cent, songs were sung Gent.
I. ii. 80, Ado III. iv. 44.
like adj. (uses now mainly dial, are)
1 in accordance with appearances, probable, likely
Meas. V. i. 105 0, that it were as I. as it is true.',
Shr. III. ii. 216 'Tis like you'll prove a jolly surly
groom, Rom. iv. iii. 40 is it not like that I . . . ?.
2 like to, (i) that may be reasonably expected to,
likely to MND. v. i. 117 all that you are I. to know,
1H4 rn. ii. 124, Cor. in. i. 47 i'ou are I. to do such
business, Rom. i. v. 139 My grave is I. to be my
wedding bed ; (ii) apparently on the point of Wiv.
rv'. V. 121, Ado v. iv. 112 thou art I. to be my kins-
man ; AYL. v. iv. 49 / have had four quarrels, and
like to have fought one ( = and narrowly missed
fighting one).
like adv. (the use in like ns = even as, e.g. Sonn. Ix.
1, gives rise by ellipsis to like conj., as in Per. i. i.
163, where Ff read as)
1 equallj', similarly, alike Tp. in. iii. 6(5 my fellow-
ministers Are I. invulnerable, Err. i. i. 82, H5 n.
ii. 183, Cym. in. iii. 41 Like war-like as the wolf,
Sonn. cxxxii. 12 suit thy pity like in every part.
2 as well as, as also R3 in. v. 9.
3 likely, probably Tp. v. i. 265 Very L, 2H6 ni. i.
379 great I. ( = highly probable), Cym. v. v. 260
31osi I. I did, Sonn. Ixxxvii. 2 like enough.
like vb.' (1 the commonest S. sense)
1 to filease Gent. iv. ii. 56 the music l-s you not,
Troil. V. ii. 99 that that l-s not yon (Q) Pleases vie
best ; esp. in conventional phr. Tp. iv. i. 242 an't
like your grace, H8 i. i. 100 Ltlce it your Grace,
Cym. II. iii. 69 So like you, sir.
2 like of, to be pleased with, approve of, be fond of
Ado V. iv. 59, R3 iv. iv. 355, Rom. i. iii. 90 can
you like of Picris' love?.
3 to feel affection Err. in. ii. 7, John 11. i. 511.
4 to be in good condition 2H4 in. ii. 93 you I. well
{Vflook); cf. WELL-LIKING.
like vb.2 (2 cf. had hke Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 753)
1 to liken, compare 2H4 11. i. 100 (Q), IHG iv. vi. 48.
2 hud l-d to have had, came very near liaving Ado v.
i. 115 (QFi likt).
likelihood (2 common 16th-17tli cent.)
1 probability H5 v. Chor. 29, R3 I. iii. 33 ; by all I.
in all probability Shr. v. i. 14, Cym. i. iv. 57.
2 ground of probable inference, indication, sign
Client. V. ii. 43 These l-s confirm her flight. All's W.
I. iii. 130 31uny l-s informed me of this, 0th. I. iii.
108 poor likdilioods.
3 'promise' 1H4 iir. ii. 45 A fellow of no mark nor I.
likely : comely, handsome Mer.V. II. ix. 92, 2H4
HI. ii. 188 a likely fellow.
liking : (good) bodily condition Wiv. 11. i. 57 jhcu's
liking, 1114 in. iii. 6 while lam in some liking.[15.
lily-liver'd : 'white-livered', cowardly Mac. v. ill.
limb : fig. member 2114 v. ii. 135, H8 i. i. 220 the l-s
0' the plot; H8 v. iv. 68 Limbs of Limeliouse, used
partly for alliteration, partly as a variation of
'limb of Satan '. [2.
lirabeck : alembic, still Mac. i. vii. 67, Sonn. cxix.
limber: flexible (fig.) Wint. l. ii. 47 /. rows.
limb-meal : limb from limb Cym. 11. iv. 147.
I.IMBO-
130
- IiIVEIiY
limbo: (pruporly) abode of tlie just wlio dietl
bc'lure Olii'ist's coming (' Limbo patruiu ') or of
infants who have died unbaptized (' Limbo in-
fontum ') ; used vaguely =HelI, All'sW. v. iii. 204,
Tit. III. i. 150 As far from help as I. is from bliss ;
transf. prison En-, iv. ii. 32 in Tartar I., H8 v.
iv. 09 / liaie some of 'em in Limbo Fatrum.
lime (2 usually fig.)
1 to cement 3HG v. i. 8-t to lime the stones iofjether,
2 to catch with birdlime Ado m. i. 104 She's l-d,
AU'sW. HI. V. 24, 3Hti V. vi. 13 l-d in a bush,
Ham. III. iii. 68 l-d soul . . . struyyling to be free,
Lucr. 88 liirds never lim'd.
3 to put lime into liquor Wiv. I. iii, 14 Let me sec
thee froth anel lime (Qq 1 2 Ijine ; Ff Q3 Hue).
lime-kiln {-ktll) : Troil. v. i. 25 l-s i' the jxdm*, (?)
burning sensations in the palms of the hands.
lim.it sb. :
1 prescribed time or period Mcas. iii. i. 223 the . . .
I. oftliesoleinnitij, R2 r. iii. 151 The dateless I. of thy
dear (xde, K3 lii. iii. 7 the I. of your lives is out;
period of rest after child-bearing Wint. iii. ii. 107
before I have yot strenytli of limit.
2 tract, region 1H4 in. i. 74 divuled it Into three l-s,
Veil. 235, Sonn. xliv. 4 From limits far remote.
lim.it vb. : to appoint (a time) Meas. iv. ii. 175, Err.
I. i. 150 ; to appoint (a person) to an office il3 v.
iii. 25 Limit melt hadir to his severed cliarije.
limitation: allotted time Cor. 11. iii. 146.
limited : apiiointed Mac. 11. iii. 58 'tis my I. service ;
restricted Tim. iv. iii. 434* limited professions.
limn : to paint AYL. 11. vii. 197, Yen. 290.
line sb.' (1 metaphor from angling ; 7 only S.)
1 ijive I., allow full play or scope Wint. i. ii. 181,
2H4 IV. iv. 39; so loitli full line Meas. i. iv. 50.
2 by I. and level, by means of instruments used for
determining exactly vertical and liorizontal
position, (hence fig.) witli methodical accuracy
Tp. IV. i. 241, 245.
3 line of life, (in palmistry) the line on the liand
which is supposed to indicate the nature or dura-
tion of one's life Mer.V. 11. ii. 176 tl09].
4 under the Hue, at the equator Tp. iv. i. 239 (piin-
ningly), H8 v. iv. 45 (with allusion to the heat).
5 contour, lineament AU'sW. v. iii. 49, Wint. i. ii.
154 the l-s Of my boy's face, Cym. iv. i. 10 thel-s of
my body, Sonn. xvi. 9 the l-s of life ( = living fea-
tures).
f) degree, station 1H4 i. iii. 168, in. ii. 85.
7 pi. goings-on, caprices or fits of temper Wiv. iv.
ii. 22 your liusband is in his old l-s ayain, Troil.
II. iii. 140 His pettish l-s ; mod. edd. lunes\.
^ Perhaps to be connected with tlie mod. War-
wickshire ' on a line ' = in a rage.
line sb.2: (?) lime-tree Tp. iv. i. 193% 237*. "Jj This
iorni,al6th-17tli cent, variant of ' lind' = linden,
is older than ' lime ' (first iu the 17th cent.). Cf.
U.N'E-GROVE.
line vb.': to strengthen, reinforce, fortify John 11.
i. 352, 1H4 II. iii. 88 To line his eu/n/Jrisr, H5 11.
iv. 7, Mac. I. iii. \\2line the rebel With hidili uhetji.
lineal: lineally descended (from) H5i. ii. 82 ; due
by right of descent John 11. i. 85.
lin'd : stuffed, padded Tim. iv. i. 14 the Hud crutch.
line-g'rove: grove of lime-trees Tp. v. i. 10.
linen: used as adj. = white Mac. v. iii. 16 t. cheeles.
lingr' : fish of the cod kind ; old linn, salted ling
AU'sW. III. ii. 14.
ling-t: heather Tp. i. i. 71 liufif, heath, broomf,
furze (Fj I.oii;) heath, Browne /irrs).
linger: to prolong, draw out K2 ir. ii. 72, 0th. iv.
ii. 231 ; with on, out 2H4 I. ii. 270, 115 11. Clior.
31 //, your pntieiux on, Troil. V. X. U, Sonn. xc. 8 ;
to delay M.N'D. i. i. 4.
ling°ering : (of poison, &c.) slow Wint. i. ii. 320
tnfh a I. drum, Ant. 11. v. 66 Smeirtinej in I. pickle.
link: torch 1H4 iii. iii. 48 ; (?) material of 'links'
used as blacking Shr. iv. i. 137 no link to colour
I'etir's lint.
linsey-woolsey : orig. material woven from wool
and flax ; only fig. strange medley, nonsense
All'sW. IV. i. 13.
linstock : staff about 3ft. long, having a forked
head to hold a lighted match H5 in. Chor. 33.
lion : borne heraldically LLL. v. ii. 577, IHO i. v. 28.
lion-sick (S.) : sick like a lion with pride Troil. 11.
iii. 94.
lip sb.: fedling a lip of contempt, expressing con-
tempt by a movement of the lip Wint. i. ii. 373;
make a lip eit, make a contemptuous face at Cor.
II. i. 129,
lip vb.: to kiss 0th. iv. i. 72, Ant. 11. v. 30.
Iiipstoiiry pinfold (unexplained) : Lr. 11. ii. 9.
Hqxiov s\^.^. (jrand I., grand elixirof life Tp. v. i. 280.
liqnor vb.: to dress with oil or grease Wiv. iv. v.
101 liejuor fishermen's boots, 1H4 11. i. 94.
liquorish: pleasant, sweet Tim. iv. iii. 195 /.
drauyhts (Ffi 2 Licourisli, Ff 3 4 Liepwrish).
listsb.':
1 selvage of cloth Meas. i. ii. 32, 35.
2 strip of cloth Shr. in. ii. 70.
3 (chiefly fig.) limit, boundary, utmost bound Meas.
I. i. 6, All'sW. II. i. 53, Tw.N. in. i. 87 the I. of my
voyueje, H5 v. ii. 293 confined within the weak I. of
iicountry's fasliion. Ham. iv. v. 99 The ocean, onr-
peerniy of his list, 0th. iv. i. 70.
4 palisades enclosing a space set apart for tilting
R2 I. iii. 43 ; pi. the space thus enclosed ; occas.
sing. Mac. in. i. 71 ; also fig. Yen. 695 in tlie very
lists of love.
list sb.2: desire 0th. n. i. 104 (Qi; Qqas Ff leaiie).
list sb.^ (not pie-S.): spec, catalogue of the soldiers
of a force Ham. i. i. 98, i. ii. 'i2 the levies, The lists,
Lr. v. iii. 112 within the lists of the eirmy, Ant. in.
vi. 70 (cf. line 67 lecyiny The kinys 0' the earth
for war); also gen. catalogue H8 iv. i. 14 the list
Of those theit claim their eijficcs this day.
list vb.: to please, choose, like; contracted 3rd person
sing, list Wiv. 11. ii. 124, 0th. 11. iii. 355, also
2nd person Tp. in. ii. 141 as thou list ;pa.t. listcel
R3 III. V. 83 Qq, list Ham. i. v. 177.
listen after: to endeavour to hear of 2H4 i. i. 29
l(j I. after nens, 2H0 i. iii. 152 I. eifter Humphrey.
literatured (S.): learned H5 iv. vii. 158 (Fluellen).
lither : yielding IHO iv. vii. 21 the I. sky. •(] 'Lither
air ' is used by Golding 1567.
litig°ious : questionable Per. iii. iii. 3 a I. pence.
litter : to bring forth (contemptuously of human
beings) Tp. i. ii. 282, Cor. in. i. 238.
little (littlest once in Ham. in. ii. 183)
1 adj. -a little Tw.N. v. i. 175, 2H4 in. i. 43.
2 sb. but a /. =but little, not much Shr. l. ii. 01 ; in
a I. (S.), in a few words, briefly H8n. i. 11 ; ml.,
on a small scale, iu miniature AYL. in. ii. 149
The quintessence of every sprite Heeiven would in I.
show. Ham. 11. ii. 392 [384] his picture in little,
Compl. 90.
little world : microcosm Lr. in. i. 10 (Qq).
livelihood : animation, life All'sW. i. i. 59 takes
all I. from her chick, R3 in. iv. 55 (Ff liuelyhood,
Qq likelihood), Yen. 20 The precedent of pith and I.
lively adj.:
1 living, animate Tit. in. i. 106 thy I, body, v. iii.
44, Sonn. Ixvii. 10 lively veins.
2 lifelike AYL. v. iv. 27 Home I. touches of mij
deiufihter's fetvour, Tim. I. i. 39 livelier than life.
3 viTid, intense Tw.N. v. i. 250 that record is t. in
my soul, Yen. 498 I.Joy, Soau. cliii. G /. heat.
I.IVEIiY -
131
-I.OOE ABOUT
I 4 vivid, brilliant, fresh Tim. l. ii. 150 /. Iiidyt,
Lucr. 1593 Bir Ineli/ colour.
lively adv.: ' to the life ' Gent. iv. iv. 170 Which
I no I. acted, Tim. v. i. 87 Thou coutiUr/tit'xt uioit I.
liver : supposed seat of love and violent passion
Ado IV. 1. 233 // ever love had inlereat in his I.,
Tw.N. I. i. 37 I., brain, u)ul heart, These sovereiijn
thrones ; — ichite or pale I., symbolical of cowardice
Mer.V. III. ii. 80, Troil. i]. ii. 50 ; cf. Tw.N. iii.
ii. 69, and lily-livek'd, milk-liveked.
liver-vein : in anatomy, old name for the basilic
vein ; used allusively for ' the style and manner
of men in love ' (Schmidt) LLL. iv. iii. 74.
livery sb.: legal delivery of property into one's
possession ; only in sue one's /., to institute a
suit as heir to obtain possession of lands which
are in the hands of the court of wards Kl' ii. i.
205, II. iii. 129, m4 iv. iii. 02.
livery vb.: to array in a livery (fig.) Couipl. 105
iJid livery falseness in a pride of truth.
living- vbl. sb.:
1 lifetime Compl. 238.
2 projierty Mer.V. v. i. 280 life and I., AVint. iv. ii.
[iii.] 100 My land and I., Kom. iv. v. 40 life, I.,
Lr. I. iv. 120 ; pi. possessions Mer.V. iii. ii. 157.
living i>pl. adj.:
1 during one's life or lifetime, while one is or
was alive Gent. lii. i. 170 death rather than I. tor-
ment, K2 v. i. 39 my last I. leave, H8 iv. ii. 70 my
I. etctions, Sonn. Ixvii. 6 his I. hue ; so /. death K3
I. ii. 153, Lucr. 720.
2 real AYL. lu. ii. 445 [439] a I. htimoiir of metd-
»if»*, 0th. ni. iii. 410 a I. reason* (? or sense 3).
3 lasting LLL. i. i. 14 I. art, Ham. v. i. 319 o I.
uiouumcnf.
4 (?) life-giving Mac. ii. iv. 10 livine/ light.
lo : with 2nd pei-sonal pron. (cf. O.Fr. 'es vos ')
AVint. I. ii. 100 lo you note, Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 87
7,0 thee .'.
load : pa. pple. laden 4 times, loaden 6 times.
loathea: loathsome (cf. despised) R3 i. iii. 232,
Kum. III. V. 31.
loathly : with abhorrence Lr. ii. i. 51 /. opposite.
loatlmess : reluctance Tp. ii. i. 137 [130J.
lob sb.: country bumpkin MND. ii. i. 16.
lob vb.: to hang heavily, droop H5 iv. ii. 47.
lock : lovelock Ado in. iii. 181 a' icears a lock.
lockram : linen fabric Cor. ii. i. 228 Her richest I.
locust* : (a) fruit of the carob-tree, locust-bean ;
(b) honeysuckle (an old i-endering of Latin
'locusta'); (c) lollipop, sugar-stick (a meaning
now extant only in Devon and Cornwall), 0th.
I. iii. 355 04' ltisciox<.s as locusts. [Lucr. 179.
lode-Star : guiding-star, guide MND. i. i. 183,
lodgre [I Eliz. sense ; 2 notpre-S.)
j 1 to harbour, entertain (feelings) AVint. ii. i. 110,
I 2H4 IV. V. 200 lodge a fear, K3 ii. i. 65.
[ 2 (of rain or wind) to beat down (crops) K2 iii. iii.
162, 2H6 III. ii. 17(i, Mac. iv. i. 55.
lodg-'d : settled, abiding Mer.A\ iv. i. 60 a I. hate.
lodg-ing (formerly of much wider use than now)
1 accommodation for rest at night or for residence
LLL. V. ii. 809 hard lodging, H5 iv. i. 16.
2 dwelling-place, abode, house Mcr.A'. ii. ii. 128,
AYL. II. iii. 23, 0th. i. ii. 45, Per. in. ii. 14 ; fig.
applied to the stocks Lr. ii. ii. 179 This shamtfiil I.
3 apartment, room Shr. Ind. i. 49, R2 i. ii. 08
empty l-s and unfurnish'd mills, 2H4 iv. v. 232.
loffe: rare form of ' laugh ' in oldedd. of MND. ii.
i. 55 (rhyming with coffe).
loggfats, -ets: game in whicli tliick sticks arc
thrown to lie as near ah. possible to a stake tixed
in the ground or a block of wood on a lloor Ham.
V. i. 99.
Iiondon stone : ancient stone in Cannon Street,
London, 2H0 iv. vi. 2.
long adj.': phr. before or ere it be long, before long,
shortly Meas. iv. ii. 79, IHO in. ii. 75, 3H6 in. iii.
232 ; think I., grow weary or impatient Rom. iv. v.
41, Lucr. 1359 /. she thinks till he return again : —
adv. after a long time Shr. v. ii. 1 .1/ last, though I.
long adj.-: long of, owing to, on account of LLL. ii.
i. 118, 1H6 IV. iii. 33, Cor. v. iv. 33.
long vb.' : to desire earnestly (with clause) Err.
IV. iv. 152 I long that ue were seife and sound
aboard ;= 'thing long '(see long adj.') 3H0 in. iii.
254 I long till Edaard fall by icar's mischance.
longvb.-: to belong or pertain to Shr. iv. iv. 7
M'tth such austerity as longeth to a father, H8 I
ii. 32 lo maintain The many to them'longing.
long-grown : inveterate 1H4 in. ii. 150'.
long heath : common heath, heathei-, or ling,
Erica vulgaris Tp. i. i. 71 (see lingH).
longing : prompted by strong desire Gent. ii. vii.
85 my I. journey, Pilgr. vi. 4 [74] A I. tarriunce.
longly : for a long while Shr. i. i. 169.
long purples : the early purple orcliis, Orchis
mascula Ham. iv. vii. 170.
long-staff 4(.(7it)i)i(/ strikers: 'thieves with long
staves that knock men down for sixpence '
(Wright) 1U4 II. i. 82.
long-tail : see cut.
long-winded: long-breathed 1H4 in. iii. 180 one
. . . pennyworth of sugar-candy to make thee I.
loo, low (not pre-S.): cry to incite a dog to the cliasc
Troil. V. vii. 10 now, dog! Low, Paris, low! (F* 'loo),
Lr. III. iv. 76.4/o(c, alow, loo, loo (Qq a lo lo lo).
loof: old form of 'luff '.to bring the head of (a vessel)
nearer to the wind Ant. in. viii. 27 [x. 18],
look sb.: have a I. of, be looked at by Geut.ii.iv.109.
look vb. (obs. and idiomatic uses are)
1 to take care, see Tp. iv. i. 51 L. thou be true,
R3 in. iv. 77 /. that it be done, 0th. iv. iii. 9 look
it be done.
2 to expect AVint. iv. iii. [iv.] 370 Tlie gifts she l-s
from me ; with infln. (freq.) Tp. v. i. 292 ; with
clause K2 i. iii. 243, Sonn. xxii. 4.
3 prefixed to an interrogative pron. or adv., or a
relative eonj., to form indefiuitc relatives =
'whoever', 'whatever', 'whenever', 'however'
Err. 11. i. 12 Look when I serve him so, he takes it ill,
Troil. I. iii. 79 look how many, Sonn. xxxvii. 13
Look what is best, that best I wish in thee.
4 to seek, search for, 'look for' AViv. iv. ii. 85,
AYL. II. V. 33 He hath been all this day to look you,
All'sAV. in. vi. 114, Lr. in. iii. 15 (Qq secke).
5 to tend or promise to Cor. in. iii. 29.
look about, oe on the watch Rom. in. v. 40 be wary,
look about ; look after, (1) search for(aiiersoh)
Cym. 111. V. 55 ; (2) seek for, demand 0th. n. i.
253 tliose requisites . . . that folly and green minds
look after ; (3) keep watch upon Meas. i. ii. 154
Is hclury so looked after? ; look against, look
at (something dazzling) AA'iv. ii. ii. 259 too bright
to be looked against; look back = look back to
Ant. in. ix. [xi.] 53 By looking back what I have
left behind ; look beyond, overlook the true
character of, misjudge 2H4 iv. iv. 67 ; look
like,give promise of Lucr. 585 Thou look'dsl not like
deceit ; look on, hold in esteem, respect 3H6 v.
vii. 22, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 109, Per. iv. iii. 32 ;
look out, (1) appear, show itsell (S.) Troil. iv. v.
56, Tim. in. ii. 81, Ant. v. i. 50; (2) find out by
looking Tim. in. ii. 08 I'll look you out a good turn ;
look through, (1) be visible (S.) 2H4 iv. iv. 120
hfe looks through and will break out ; (b) be visible
tiirougli (S.) Shr. Ind. ii. 12 my foes look through
the uicrleaiher, Ham. iv. vii. 151 that our drift
I.OON, t.0W2r -
132
-tow
look tliroHi/h our bud ptrjoriiutnce ; look lip,
cheer up, take courage (S.) Wint. v. i. 215, 2H4
IV. iv. 113, Ham. iir. iii. 50; look upon, look
on, be a mere spectator (S.) Wint. v. iii. 100,
3H6 II. iii. 27 ivhdes the foe doth . . . look iijion, as
■if th e trfKjedi) Were play d in jest, Troll, v. vi. 10.
loon, lown:
1 stiipiil fellow Mac. V. iii. 11 thou cream- fac'd loon!
(Ft Limn), Otli. II. iii. 96 (old ballad) Vi'tili that he
cdU'd the iador lown (rliyming with crown).
2 men of low birth Per. iv. vi. 19 both lord and I.
loop': (app.) part of a hinge 0th. iir. iii. 3GG no
hiiii/e nor l.To hang adouhton. ^ A north-country
sense.
loop-: loop-hole, opening IH-l iv. i. 71 all siyhi-
liiilis, every loop.
looped (S.) : having loop-holes Lr. iii. iv. 31 Your
I. (Did window'd riififiedness (Qq loopt ; Ff lop'd).
•f[ A different word from ' looped '=arranged or
made up in loops, which is not S.
loose sb.: lit. discliarge of an arrow; hence fig.
\Aiv.at his[\. e. time's] very I., at the last moment
LLL. v. ii. 750.
loose adj. (1 cf. ' Mosquettiers . . . are not be im-
ployed as loose shot in skirmishes', Sir J. Smyth,
loyO) [H8 v. iv. 60.
1 loose shot, marksmen not attached to a company
2 wanting in restraint H8 ii. i. 127, 0th. iii. iii. 417.
3 careless, negligent Troil. in. iii. 41.
loose vb.:
1 to unjoin hands Tit. ll. iii. 243 Thy hand once
wore ; I will not loose aqain.
2 to let fly (an arrow) MND. ii. i. 159, 115 i. ii. 207
many arrows, loosed several ways ; iutr. Tit. iv.
iii. 58 Marcus, loose nhen I bid.
3 to give vent to AYL. iir. v. 103 /. now and then
A scatter d smile, All'sW. ii. iii. 172 both iny
revenge and hate Loosing upon thee.
loosen : to make a breacli between (S.) Lr. v. i. 19.
lop : smaller branches and twigs H8 i. ii. 96.
lorded : raised to the position of a lord Tp. i. ii. 97.
lording': [i. i. 146.
1 Inid Sonn. Music 1 [Pilgr. 211]; pl. = Sirs!2H6
2 liinlling, petty lord Wint. i. ii. 62.
lordliness : lordly state or office Ant. v. ii. 160.
lordship: authority of a husband MND. i. i. 81,
AH'sW. V. iii. 157.
lose (in old edd. freq. spelt Zoosc)
1 to destroy, ruin 1H4 i. iii. 88, H8111. i. 106, Ham.
III. ii. 207 yVhat to ourselves m passion we jiropose.
The passion ending, doth the purpose lose, Cym. 11.
iv. bd gains or loses Your strord or mine ; to ruin
in estimation Lr. i. i. 236 JJath lost me in your
liking. See also lost.
2 to forget LLL. iv. iii. 73 lose an oath, MND. i. i. 114
being over-full of self-affairs, My mind did lose it,
H8 II. i. 57 go home and lose me, Ven. 408, Lucr.
1580 ; (?) refl. in Err. i. ii. 30.
3 to cause (a pei-son) the loss of Tw.N, 11. ii. 21,
Lr. I. ii. 129 it shall lose thee nollinig.
4 to miss (one's aim) Ant. iv. xii. [xiv.] 71.
5 refl. to lose one's wits Ant. i. ii. 126.
losing: resulting in loss Mer.V. iv. i. 62 A I. suit,
211 1 I. i. 101 a I. office, Cxs. v. v. .% /7(/.s/. day.
loss (2 if. ' vp pcync of los of lyf, Chaucer: in
'I'w.N. V. i. 62 the tongue ofl. = ' the report of tlie
losers', Wright).
1 jierdition, ruin, destiiiction All'sW. iii. ii. 44,
Lr. III. vi. 104 his life, With thine . . . Stand m
assured loss. Ant. iv. x. 42 [xii. 29] ; probablj'
also in Wint. 11. iii. 191 *, 118 11. ii. 31 \
2 life's loss, being put to deatli John iv. iii. 106.
3 failure to make good use of (time, &c.) Gent. 1.
iii. 19, Lucr. 1420 /(»■ loss of Nestor's golden words.
4 default, lack Meas. 11. iv. 91 m the loss of question*
( = provided there is no dispute).
5 failure of the scent Shr. Ind. i. 23 at the merest
loss (=wlien the scent was quite lost).
lost:
1 brought to destruction or death, perished All'sW.
I. iii. 238, Wint. v. iii. 135, H8 iv. i. 96 that title's
lost Mac. I. iii. 24.
2 give lost, despair of Wint. iii. ii. 96.
3 spent to no advantage, (hence) vain, groundless
R3 II. ii. 11 It were lost sorrow, 0th. v. ii. 268 a
lost fear. [vii. 54.
4 bewildered, perplexed Mac. ir. ii. 72, Hani. iv.
lot: prize in alottery ; allusive plir. lots to blanks,
a thousand to one Cor. v. ii. 10.
lottery (2 is S. only)
1 decision by casting lots Troil. 11. i. 140 ; by I.,
by chance Cies. 11. i. 119.
2 what falls to one by lot Ant. 11. ii. 251.
loud (2 and 3 are S. only)
1 full of noise John v. iv. 14 this loud day.
2 pressing, urgent 0th. l. i. 151 loud reason. [39.
3 to the loudest, at the top of my voice Wint. 11. ii.
loiise: to be infested with lice (S.) Lr. iii. ii. 29.
lousy : only fig. = ' scurvy ', contemptible ; in 2H6
jv. i. 50 Ff loivsie, Qq loirly.
lout: to insult, mock 1H6 iv. iii. 13.
love sb. (3 an Eliz. sense)
1 act of kindness John iv. i. 49, Per. 11. iv. 49.
2 dear friend Mer.V. iv. i. 278, Sonn. xiii. 1, &c.
3 paramour Wiv. lu. v. 81.
4 phr. for one's love, for one's sake, on one's
account LLL. v. ii. 848 ; of all loves, phr. of strong
adjuration or entreaty AViv. 11. ii. 119, MND. 11.
ii. 154 Speak, of all loves, 0th. ill. i. 13 {Ff for
love's sake); out of love with, unfavourably inclined
to, disgusted with Gent. iv. iv. 212, Meas. iii. i.
172 lam so out of loie with life, 2H4 11. ii. 15.
love vb.: to love one another AYL. i. i. 120, 2H6
IV. vii. 138, Cres. iv. iii. 130 Love, and be/riends.
Ant. I. iii. 88.
love-book, liouk treating of love (S.) Gent. i. i. 19 ;
love-broker, one who acts as an agent between
luvei-s Tw.N. III. ii.41 ; love-cause (S.), love-
alfair AYL. iv. i. 100 ; love-day, day appointed
fur a meeting to settle a dispute Tit. i. i. 491;
love-feat (S.), act of courtship LLL. v. ii. 123;
love-in-idleness, heartsease, Viola tricolor
MND. II. i. 1(„S; love-juice (S.), juice used
as a philtre MND. iii. ii. 89; love-line (S.),
love-letter AUsW. 11. i. 81.
lovely adj.: amorous, loving Shr. in. ii. 126 a I.
kiss, Pilgr. iv. 3 [44] many a lonly look.
lovely adv.: lovably, beautifully 1H4 111. i. 124,
Oth. IV. ii. 67 117(0 art so lovely fair.
lover (olis. or archaic uses are)
1 friend, well-wisher Mer.V. in. iv. 17, 118 iv. i.
104, Cor. V. ii. 14 Thy general is my lover, Ca>s.
III. ii. 13.
2 sweetheart, mistress Meas. i. iv. 40, AYL. 111.
iv. 44 the heart of his lover, Cym. v. v. 173.
lover'd: having (such) a lover Conipl. 320.
love-spring: tender 'shoot' of love Err. iii.ii.3.
loving ppl. adj.: of love AYL. v. iv. 198 thy I.
vinjiiiic, Lucr. 480 mif I. tale ; 115 v. Clmr. 20 by a
lii'in'r but I. likilihood (' one which the love oftlio
people leads them to dwell on ', \Vrii;lit). T] Tho
usu. sense is ' alfectionate ', ' friendly '.
low adj. (see also loweu)
1 short, not fall Ado I. i. 179, MND. 111. ii. 295 so
dwarfish and so low, AY'L. iv. iii. 89.
2 mean, l>ase 1114 in. ii. 12 low desires, 2114 11. ii.
194, Lr. 11. ii. 119, 11. iii. 17.
3 lowly, humble, meek Mer.V. I. iii. 44 low siin-
I.OW-
133
— MAIM
phcitij, Tw.N. III. iv. 380 my lean and low abili/;j,
K3 jv. iv. 356 (Qq lore), Cym. ni. ii. 10, iii. iii. 85.
4 not flourishing Mer.V. ill. ii. 318 mij estate is lerij
low, IH-t IV. iii. 57, Per. n. i. 152 my low fortunes.
5 not loud LLL. iv. iii. 335 will hear the lowest sound,
Slir. Ind. i. 114 soft low ionyiie ; so low-tongued
Ant. III. iii. 12 is she sln-ill-tonf/n'd or low ?.
low adv. : poorly, on poor diet 1H4 i. iii. 167.
low interj.: see loo.
low-crooked : bent low Caes. in. i. 43.
low Dutch : Germans of the sea-coast or the flat
countries of the north and north-west All's W.
IV. i. 76.
lower adj.: I. chair, (?) easy chair Moas. ii. i. 137 ;
tlie or this I. world (not pre-S.), the earth Tp. ill.
iii. 54, R2 in. ii. 38.
lowliness: low ox mean condition LLL. iv. i. 81,
115 IV. viii. 55.
lowly adj.: (?) lying low (in death) 1H6 in. iii. 47.
lowly adv.: meanly AH'sW. ii. ii. 3 lowly iawjht.
lowness : abasement Lr. in. iv. 70 ; baseness Ant.
III. ix. [xi.] 63.
loyal : legitimate Lr. ii. i. 86 L. and natural hoy.
lozel: worthless fellow, rascal Wint. n. iii. 103.
liibtoer : clumsy stupid fellow, lout Gent. ii. v. 47,
Lr. I. iv. 101 If youi tvill measure your l-s length
(tf/ain.
lubberly : loutish AVi v. v. v. 202 [195] re great I. hoy.
luce: pike, as a heraldic bearing Wiv. i. i. 16.
IiUcina : goddess of childbirth Cym. v. iv. 43, Per.
I. i. 8.
lucre: acquisition or gain (of something) 1H6 v.
iv. 141 /or lucre of the rest unvanqiiish'd.
Lud's town : London, Cym. in. i. 32. "H So called
alter a mythical King Lud.
luggag'e: heavy stutf to be carried, lumber Tp. iv.
i. 233, v. i. 298, 1H4 v. iv. 160; baggage of an
army H5 iv. iv. 80, iv. vii. 1.
lull : old form of ' loll ' R3 in. vii. 71.
lullaby : good-night, farewell Tw.N. v. i. 48,
Sonn. Music i. 15 [Pilgr. 225].
lump : used with lef. to the piece of clay taken
up by a potter or sculptor for one operation 118
II. ii. 49 Lie like one I. before him, to befashion'd. . .
lumpish: low-spirited, dejected Gent. iii. ii. 62.
lunes : fits of frenzy or lunacy, mad freaks Wint.
n. ii. 30 These . . . unsafe lunes i' the king; in
mod. edd. for lines (see line sb.' 7) in Wiv. iv. ii.
22, Troil. ii. iii. 140, and for lunacies (Qq browes
? misprint) in Ham. in. iii. 7.
Ltipercal: Roman festival of Lupercus (Pan), Cks.
in. ii. 101.
lurch (both were common 16th-17th cent, uses)
1 to lurk about with evil design Wiv. n. ii. 27 to
shuffle, to hedge, and to larch.
2 to cheat, rob Cor. n. ii. 106.
lure sb. : apparatus used by falconers to recall their
hawks, 'being made of feathers and leather in
such wise that in the motion it looks not vnlike
afowle' (Latham, 1615) Shr. iv. i. 195 she never
looks upon her I., Yen. 1027 As falcon to the lure.
lure vb.: to recall (a hawk) to the lure Kom. n. ii.
159 To lure this tassel-gentle back again.
lush ; succulent and luxuriant Tp. ii. i. 55. ^ The
literary currency of this sense is due to S.
lust (neither sense sui-vived the 17th cent.)
1 pleasure, delight Tim. iv. iii. 494, Lucr. 1384
Gazing tipon the Greeks with little lust.
2 desire Troil. iv. iv. 132 to my lust=a.a I please.
lust-breathed*: (a) inspired by lust, (b) ' breathing
out ' lust Lucr. 3 L. Tarquin.
lust-dieted : app. feeding gluttonously Lr.iv.i.70.
lustihood : bodily vigour Ado v. i. 76, Troil. ii. ii.50.
Insty (the main sense is ' vigorous '; often a vague
epithet, so that it is difficult to say how far sense
1 and the common Eliz. meaning of ' pleasing,
pleasant' are represented in S.; 2 was in use
from Chaucer to Dryden)
1 merry AYL. iv. ii. 17 the lusty horn, John i. i.
108 this same lusty qentleman.
2 lustful 0th. n. i. 307* the lusty Moor (Qq lustfull).
lute: stringed musical instrument, in vogue 14th-
17th cent.; /.-C((seH5 III. ii. 47, /.-4/)(»i(/Adoin.ii.61.
luxurious: lascivious, lustful Ado iv. i. 41, H5
IV. iv. 20 ; so Ivixuriously Ant. in. xi. [xiii.l 120.
luxury: lasciviousness, lust Wiv. v. v. 100, Ham.
I. V. 83.
Lycurgus: legislator of Sparta, Cor. n. i. Gl.
lymt : laie form of ' lyam ' in the sense of ' lyam-
lioiuKl '= bloodhound, proposed by Hanmer in
Lr. III. vi. 72 (Qq him. Ft Hym).
M
mace : staff of office carried by a sergeant Err. iv.
iii. 27 ; attributed to sleep Cies. iv. iii. 267
murderous slumber! Lay'st tliou thy leaden mace
upon my hoy? (i.e. as if arresting liim) ; sceptre
of sovereignty H5 iv. i. 281, 2H6 iv. vii. 143.
Machiavel : intriiiuer, unscrupulous schemer
Wiv. in. i. 104, 1H6 v. iv. 74, 3H6 in. ii. 193.
machine : bodily frame (not pre-S.) Ham. ii. ii. 123.
maculate: stained, polluted LLL. i. ii. 98.
maculation: stain of impurity Troil. iv. iv. 64.
mad vb. : to make mad, madden (fieq.) ; to bemad
2H0 III. ii. 117 madding Lido.
mad-bred : prodiietd by madness 2H6 in. i. 354.
made-up : consummate, accomplished Tim. v. i.l03.
m.adonna: Italian form of address = my lady,
madam Tw.N. i. v. 46, &c.
madrigal : properly, (1) short lyrical poem, (2)
kind of part-song forming a musical setting to
such poems ; hence gen., song, ditty Wiv. in. i.
\8 Melodious birds sing madrigals.
maggot-pie: magpie Mac. in. iv. 125.
magnanimity : courage, fortitude 3H6 v. iv. 41.
magnanimous : great in courage, nobly valiant
All'sW. III. vi. 69, 2H4 iir. ii. 173 most ni. mouse,
H5 III. vi. 6 as m. as Agamemnon, Troil. ii. ii. 200
valiant and magnanimous deeds.
maguifico : title given to the magnates of Venice
Mer.V. in. ii. 281, Otli. i. ii. 12.
Mahu : name of a fiend taken from Harsnet (cf.
Flibbertigibbet) Lr. in. iv. 148, iv. i. 61.
maid-child (not post-S.) : female child Per. v. iii. 6.
maiden : very freq. as adj. = (1) virgin 1H6 iv. vii.
38 Thou m. youth ; (2) belonging to or befitting a
maiden Tw.N. v. i. 265 my m. weeds, 1H6 n. iv.
47 this pale and m. blossom, v. iv. 52, H8 iv. ii.
170 strew me over With m. Jlowers, Rom. n. ii. 86
a m. blush ; (3) of a fortress, &c., that has never
been taken Lucr. 408 ; (4) untried in warfare or
bloodshed, (hence) innocent, bloodless John xv.
ii. 252 a maiden and an innocent hand, 1H4 v. iv.
\mflish\l Thii m. sword, Troil. iv. v. 87 A m. battle.
m.aidenhead (freq.) : virginity Shr. in. ii. 228.
maiden-widowed : widowed while still a maiden
Rom. in. ii. 135.
maidhood : maidenhood Tw.N. in. i. 164, 0th. i.
i. 173.
Maid Marian: female personage in the May-game
and morris dance 1H4 in. iii. 128. [98.
maid-pale: white-eomplexioned (fig.) R2 in. iii.
mail: piece of mail-armour Troil. in. iii. 152.
mailed up : wrapped up, enveloped 2H6 n. iv. 31
ilail'd up in shame, with papers on my back.
maim. sb. : mutilation or mutilating wound, (hence
fig.) grave defect or disablement R2 i. iii. 156,
10
MAIN- t
]H4 IV. i. 42 Yoiir/atlier's sickness is a in. to vs,
2H6h. iii. 41, Cor. iv. v. 92.
main sb.' (the orig. sense of ' strength ' is probably
represented in Troil. ii. iii. 276 nnth all our main
of power)
1 chief or m.iin part, main body (of something)
Mer.V. V. i. 97 Etitpltes ilself, as doth an inland
brook Inlo the main of waters, Ham. iv. iv. 15
Ujiainst the main of Poland.
2 principal point, cliief concern Ham. ii. ii. 56.
3 mainland Lr. iii. i. 6 swell the curled toaters 'bote
ilie viatn.
4 'main sea', ocean John ir. i. 26 England, hed(/'d
in H-ith the mam, R3 I. iv. 20, Otii. n. i. 3, '39,
Sonn. Ixiv. 7 the watery main, Ixxx. 8.
main sb.^: in tlie game of hazard, a ntinibcr (from
five to nine inclusive) called by tlie 'caster' before
tlie dice are tlirown ; only lig. (cf. main chance)
1H4 IV. i. 47 to set so rich n mam On the nice hazard
of one doubtful hour, 2H6 I. i. 209 look unto the
main ( = the most important thing at stake).
main adj. (6 is tlie commonest S. sense)
1 exerted to the full, overpowering 2H6 i. i. 211 by
main force, 118 ii. ii. 7 main power.
2 liiglily important, momentous H8 in. ii. 216 this
main secret.
3 very great in degree All'sW. in. vi. 16 a m. danf/cr.
4 chiefinsizeorextent, chief part of AYL. III. v. 103
the main hancst ; m. battle, tlie body of troops form-
ing the bulk of an army 3H6 i. i. 8, R3 v. iii. 300.
6 general H5 i. ii. 144 tlie main intendment of tlie
IScot, H8 III. i. 92, IV. i. 31 the main assent. Troll.
I. iii. 373, Cces. ii. i. 196 the main opinion he held
once. Ham. i. iii. 28.
6 principal, cliief All'sW. iv. iii. 104, H8 ii. ii. 41,
Cor. IV. iii. 20, Ham. i. i. 105, Ant. i. ii. 204.
7 main flood, high tide Mer.V. iv. i. 72.
main vb.: old form of ' maim ' 2H6 iv. ii. 176 there-
by IS Knfiland mamed, and fain to yo with a staff.
main chance: as a term in hazard = main sb.^,
used tig. (1) general probability as to the future
2H4 111. i. 83 prophesy . . . of the m. ofthinr/s ; (2)
most important matter at stake 2H6 i. i. 213.
niain-course : mainsail Tp. i. i. 40.
mainly: forcibly, violently 1H4 ii. iv. 226 m.
thrust at me ; greatly, very much Ham. iv. vii. 9 ;
so m., so much Troil. iv. iv. 85 ; entirely, perfect-
ly Lr. IV. vii. 65 m. ignorant What place this is.
maintain (the less freq. uses are the foil.)
1 to carry on (conversation) Ado iv. i. 185, Tw.N.
IV. ii. !()% Maintain no worils with liim.
2 to bear the expense of, afford Shr. v. i. 78.
3 to sustain (a part) LLL. v. ii. 900.
maintenance: bearing, demeanour 1H4 v. iv. 22.
major : adj. greater Cur. ii. i. 66 the m. part ; para-
mount to all other claims Troil. v. i. 49 My major
row lies here ; — sb. major premiss of a syllogism
1H4 II. iv. 552 [544] I'deny your major. [109.
majority: superiority, pre-eminence 1H4 iii. ii.
make sb. : mate, husband or wife Lr. iv. iii. 36 one
self mate and make (Qi ; the rest mate).
make vb. (6 always coupled with meddle)
1 to give (a dinner, &c.) H8 i. iii. 62.
2 to get together (a force), muster, raise R3 iv. iv.
451, Cor. V. i. 37 ; see also head sb. 7.
5 to shut, close, bar Err. iii. i. 93 the doors are made
against you, AYL. rv. i. 168.
4 to represent, regard, consider (a thing as so-and-
so) Meas. v. i. 51, Shr. iii. ii. 194, All'sW. ii. ii.
6, II. iv. 51, v. iii. 5, Wint. I. ii. 388, 2H4 i. ii. 89,
Cor. I. i. 181.
5 to do, in What m. you?, What m-s he? and the like
Wiv. II. i. 243, R3 i. iii. 1C4, 0th. iii. iv. 168.
6 to have to do (with a person or in a matter) Wiv.
1 — MAW
I. iv. 115, Ado III. iii. 56 the less you meddle and
make with them, Troil, I. i. 14, 87.
7 to go Err. i. i. 92, Lr. i. i. 145 The bow is bent and
draun ; m.from the shaft, Yen, 5 Venus m-s amain
iinto him.
make away, (1) put an end to, destroy 2H6 in. i.
167 to make anay my i/Hilthss life, Yen. 763 So in
thysdf thyself art made away', Sonn. xi. 8 And
threescore year ivonld make the world away, (2)
intr. set out R3iv. iv. 528 (Qq) ; make forth, go
forward, advance H5 n. iv. 5, Cies. v. i. 25 ; make
out, sally forth Tw.N. ii. v. 66; make np, (1)
complete R3 i. i. 21 sent before my time Inlo this
bnatlinig world, scarce lialf made up, Cym. iv. ii.
109 Being scarce made up . . . to man; (2) get
togetlier, collect 2H6 ii. i. 39 31ake iip no factious
viunbers, Cses. iv. iii. 207 ; (3) compile, draw up
H8 I. i. 75 ; (4) form (a total) LLL. iv. iii. 207; (5)
constitute, compose 3H6 i. iv. 25 The sands , , .
that make up my life, Rom. v. i. 48 to make tip a
show ; (6) set out the items of (an account) Cor.
I. i. 150 make my audit rip; (7) come to (a decision)
Troil. II. ii. 170 to make up a free determination ;
pass. (?) to have made up one'smind John ii.i.541'*
I know she is not for this match made up (Fj); intr.
Lr. I. i. 209 Election makes not up on such conditions
( = does not come to a decision).
makeless[see make sb.]: husbandless Sonn. ix. 4.
making' (2 not prc-S.)
1 form, shape, build, make Err. JV. ii. 22, MXD. ii.
i. 32. [i. 87.
2 the m-s of, the materials that go to make H8 iv.
malapert : impudent, saucy Tw.N. iv. i. 48, R3 i.
iii. 255.
m.alcontent: the usual 16th-17th cent, form is
maUi'ontent 3H6 iv. i. 10, 60 (Fi). [621].
malefaction (not pre-S.) : evil-doing Ham. ii. ii. 629
malevolent: (of a star) exercising a baleful in-
fluence (fig.) 1H4 I. i. 97 (cf. aspect).
malice (1 and 2 in use late 14th to late 17th c.)
1 power to harm Jolin n. i. 251 Our cannons' m.
2 malicious act Cor. ii. ii. 37.
malicious: violent John n. i. 314 this hot m. day.
maliciously: violently Wint. i. ii. 321, Ant. in.
xi. [xiii.] \18 fight mahcionsly.
malign: to regard with hatred or en\'y Cor. i. i.
119 ynu malign our senators, Per. v. i. 90.
malignant (3 orig. astrological ; the mod. sense oc-
curs tliiice Tp. I. ii. 257, R3 ii. ii. 52, H8i. ii. 141)
1 rebellious against God 0th. v. ii. 352*.
2 (of a disease) virulent All'sW. ii. i. 114.
3 of evil or baleful influence Gent. in. i. 239 some
m. power upon my life, 1116 iv. v. & m. ... stars.
malkin : untidy female servant, slut Cor. ii. i. 227,
Per. IV. iii. 34. T] A diminutive of 'Malde' =
Maud, Matilda; it occurs in gkaymalkin.
Mall: petform of 'Maud' Tp. n. li. 51; Tw.N. i. iii.
137 Mistress J/., (?) the kitchen-maid (cf. malkin).
mallecho: see michixg mai.icho.
malmsey-nose : red-nosed 2H4 n. i. 44. Tj Cf.
'Malmesoy', a jolly, red nose (Diet, of Canting
Crew).
malt-horse : lie.avy kind of horse used by malt-
sters ; only as a term of abuse Err. in. i. 32, Shr.
IV. i. 132.
malt-worm : toper 1H4 ii. i. 83, 2H4 ii. iv. 366.
mammer : orig. to stammer, mutter, (hence) to
waver Otli. in. iii. 70 (Qi muttering). [186.
mammet: doll, puppet 1H4 ii. iii. 97, Rom. in. v.
mammock vb. (not pre-S.): to break intofragmenta
Cor. I. iii. 71 0! Iwarrant, how lie mnmiiiocked it.
mansb.: Since I was man, since I was Ixirn Lr. in.
ii. 45 ; / write man, I am entitled by my years to
call myself a man All'sW. ii. iii. 201 ; 2HG iv. ii.
UAN-
135
-MABK
Silicas neiey mine own man since =v/ha.t I used to
be; Tp. V. i. 213 wo man Has his on n = in Inssennes.
man vb, (in 0th. v. ii. 209 Han but a rush ucjainsl
Othello's breast, the metaphor may be from the
manning of a gun)
1 to provide (one) witli attendants 2H4 r. ii. 18 1
lias never manned with an ayale till now, 59.
2 to accustom (a hawk) to the presence of men Shr.
IV, i. 196 Another way . . . to man my haijijard.
xaanag'e sb. (1 used botli lit. and fig.)
1 training of a horse in its paces R2 lii. iii. 179 the
III. of unruly jades, 1H4 ir. iii. 54 terms of m., 118
V. iii. 24 spur 'em, Till they obey tlie m.. Per. iv.
vi. 70, Compl. 112.
2 action and paces to whicli a horse is trained
AYL. I. i. 13 lUs horses . . . are taught (heir in.
3 sliort gallop af full sjteed LLL. v. ii. 483 this brave
iiiaiiaijef, this career ((Ji nuaye, Q2 Vi inuiiaijer).
4 management, conduct, administration Tp. i. Ii.
70 The m. of my stale, Mer.V. in. iv. 25, John i. i.
37, R2 I. iv. 39 Expedient m., Troil. ni. iii. 25 ;
bringing about, contrivance Horn. iii. i. 149*.
manage vb. (in Ven. 598 there is probably a ref. to
tlio technical sense of training a liorse)
1 to handle, wield Gent. 111. i. 248, U2 in. ii. 118
m. rusty bills, Koni. i. 1. 75 ; fig. Lr. I. ill. 18.
2 to bring about, contrive 0th. 11. iii. 217.
manager: wielder(of aweapon, Sic.)LLL. i. ii. 191
rust, rapier! be still, drum/ for your m. is in lore.
manakin : little man Tw.N. nr. ii. 59.
mandragora: mandrake Otli. iir. iii. 331.
mandrake : poisonous plant of the genus Mandra-
gora, native to Southern Europe and the Kast,
havingenietic and narcotic properties; itsforked
root is thought to resemble the luinian form and
was fabled to utter a shriek when pulled up 2H<)
iir. ii. 310 the m-'s groan, Rom. iv. iii. 48 .shrieks
like m-s torn out of the earth ; as a term of abuse
2H4 I. ii. 16, HI. ii. 342.
m.ane: applied to the crests of waves Otli. 11. i. 13.
man-entered: initiated into manhood Cor. 11. ii.l04.
manhood: condition of being a man; as opposed
to 'childhood' R3 iv. iv. 171, Mac. v. ii. 11 ; as
opposed to womanhood Gym. iii. iv. 195. U The
prevailing sense is ' manliness, courage, valour '.
mankind: sh. stressed mei'ttkind and manki'nd (6
out of 8 passages in Tim.) in both senses ' human
race' and 'male sex' ; — adj. masculine, virago-
like Wint. II. iii. 67 A ma'nkind witch I, Cor. iv.
ii. 16 Are you tna'nki>id?.
manly adv.: gallantly, bravely (S.) Mac. iv. iii. 234
This time (Rowe tiinci) yoes manly.
manner sb.^ :
1 usage, custom, fashion, e.g. Meas. iv. ii. 138 //
was ever his m. to do so ; Ham. i. iv. 15 to the m.
born destined by birtli to be subject to the
custom in question.
2 pi. moral character, morals Mer.V. 11. iii. 19
though I am a daughter to his blood, I am not to
his m-s, H5 1, ii. 49 some dishonest m-s of their life,
Ham. I. iv. 30 plausive m-s, Lucr. 1397 Their face
their manners . . . told.
3 pi. good way of living 1H4 in. i. 183.
4 pi. forms of politeness Shr. i. i. 245 use your m-s
discreetly, All'sW. iv. v. 94.
5 pi. in plir. in or wilh vi-s, becomingly, decently
Tw.N. II. i. 15, Cym. i. iv. 59, Sonn. xxxix. 1,
ixxxv. 1.
manner sb.^: taken with the »»., taken with the
thing stolen in one's possession, (hence) taken in
the very act LLL. i. i. 203, 1H4 11. iv. 350 ; Wint.
IV. iii. [iv.]755 if you had not taken yourself with
the m. (kept what you were going to give us).
Tl A term of Anglo-French law, orig. 'mainoure"
(= Fr. 'manoeuvre', lit. hand-work), which
acquired the concrete sense of ' thing stolen '.
mannerly adj.: seemly, decent Gent. 11. vii. 58,
Wint. If. i. 85, 1H6 11. iv. 19, Rom. I. v. 102.
mannerly adv.: decently, becomingly Ado 11. i. 80,
m. modest, Mer.V. 11. ix. 100, Cym. ill. vi. 91.
man-qiieller : manslayer, murderer 2H4 11. i. CO.
mansion: dwelling, 'house' Tim. v. i. 220 his
(_iei lasting mansion (i.e. grave) ; cf. ho.me sb. 1.
iransionryt : (?) abode Mac. i. vi. 5 (Ff mansonry,
? misprint for masonry^).
mantle sb. : vegetable coating on the surface of
stagnant water (S.) Lr. iii. iv. 137 the gran m. of
the standing pool ; cf. Tp. IV. i. 182 the Jilthy-
matitkd pool.
mantle vb. (2 cf. mantle sb.)
1 to cover, envelope Tp. v. i. GT the ignorant fumes
that mantle Their clearer reason. Cor. i. vi. 29.
2 to become covered with a coating Mer.V. i. i. 89
cream and mantle like a standing pond.
manvial seal : =seal jianual R3 iv. i. 'lb.
maniire vb.: to till, cultivate Oth. i. iii. 329.
many sb.: multitude 2H4 i. iii. 91 thou fond m..
Cor. III. i. 65 the mutable, rank-sctnted many (so
F4 ; Ff 1 2 3 Meyny, Meynie).
many adj.: m. a day, a long time ago H8 v. ii. 20
(contrast for this m. a d((i/=all this long time
Ham. III. i. 91) ; m. a m. =many and many a John
I. i. 183 ; followed by a possessive pron. Tim. in.
vi. 11 m. my near occasions ( = iiiany urgent affairs
(if mine). Ant. l. ii. 195 w. our contriving friends ;
used once in the possessive form Sonn. xciii. 7
In many's looks.
map : fig. detailed representation in epitome, also
cniboiliment, very picture or image (of some-
thing) R2 V. i. 12 Thou, map of honour, 2H6 111. i.
203, (Jor. II. i. 69 in the map of my microcosm,Tit.
III. ii. 12 Thou map of woe, Lucr. 402, 1712, Sonn.
Ixviii. 1 Thus is his cheek tlic map of days out-
irorn. ^ Freq. 17tli cent. uses. [iii. 205.
mappery : map-making (contemptuous) Troil. I.
marble (2 cf. Cym. v. iv. 87 thy m. mansion, 120)
1 hard-hearted Wint. v. ii. 100 Who was most m.
there changed colour, 3H6 in. i. 38 a m. heart ; cf.
m.-breasted Tw.N. v. i. 128, m.-hearlid Lr. i. iv. 283.
2 (of the heavens) shining like marble Oth. in. iii.
461 yond marble heaven.
marble- constant : firm as marble Ant. v. ii. 2.39.
marbled : = MARBLE 2, Tim. iv. iii. 192 the marbled
mansion all above ( = the heavens).
marcantant : corruption of Italian ' mercatante '
= niercliant Shr. iv. ii. 63.
March chick : fig. precocious vouth Adoi. iii. 58.
marches: the Scottish or Welsh border H5 i. ii.
140, 3H6 n. i. 140.
marchpane: confectionery made of almond paste,
sugar, &c., marzipan Rom. i. v. 9.
mare': The man shall have his m. again, all will
come right in tlie end MND. in. ii. 463 ; ride the
wild mare, play at see-saw 2H4 11. iv. 268 ; Whose
mare is dead 1 Wliat is amiss? 2H4 11. i. 48.
mare ^ : nightmare 2H4 11. i. 86.
margent (' margin ' is not a S. word)
1 edge, border, brink MND. n. i. 85 the beached m.
of the sea, Compl. 39.
2 margin of a page of a book ; lience, commentary
(from the fact that the margin is used for a com-
mentary on tlie text) Ham. v. ii. 162 ; esp. of the
eyes as 'illuminating' the countenance LLL. n.
i. 244, Rom. I. iii. 86 written in the m. of his eyes,
Lucr. 102.
marisht (Pope) : marsh, swamp 1H6 i. i. 50 a m.
of salt tears (old edd. nourish).
mark ' (1 freq. in the literal sense)
MARK
136
— MASTER
1 target, butt ; fig. plir. hci/oiid the m. of, l)eyoiul
tlio rcatli of Cor. ii. ii. 9-1 liej'oiii/hl beyond the m.
ofolliers. Ant. iii. vi. 87 Beyond the m. of tlioujilit.
2 O'od bless or srire the m., probably orig. a formula
to avert an evil omen, and lience used by way of
apology when anything disagreeable or improper
lias been mentioned, or to express impatient
scorn at something said by the speaker Gent. iv.
iv. 21, 1H4 I. iii. 50, Kom. in. ii. 53, Otb. l. i. 33.
3 attention, notice, obsei-vancc Meas. v. i. 320 As
much in mock as m., Oih. ii. iii. S2b (he cotiteinpln-
iion, m., and denotement of her jmrls •,—o/no ni. of
no importance or note 1H4 iii. ii. 45.
4 object serving to mark a spot at sea, sea-mark
Sonn. c.wi. 5 an eeer-fixed m., That looks on tem-
pests and is neier shaken; lig. guiding object,
' example, pattern ' (Schmidt) Wint. iv. iii. [iv.]
8 Your hir/li self, The gracious m. o' the land, 2H4
II. iii. 31 the m.'and f/lass . . . That fashion d others.
mark ^ : sum of 13.«. Ad. (freq.).
market: hhh.ui.i.Wfi he ended the m. is an allusion
to tlie proverb ' Three women and a goose make
a market') ; R3 I. i. 159 Iran before my horse to
JO., I count the gain before the bargain is made ;
Ham. IV. iv. 34 m. of his time*, (a) lit. marketing
or selling of his time, i. e. the best use he makes of
Jiistime; (b) 'that for which lie sells his time' OT.).
market-ljell : bell rung to announce the opening
of a market IHO iii. ii. 16. [man).
mark-man : marksman Rom. i. i. 212 (Ff 3 4 Marks-
marl : clay, earth Ado ir. i. 07 « clod of wayward
marl (= a man).
marmoset: small monkey Tp. 11. ii. 183 [174].
marquess (3 a common 16th-17th cent, use)
1 in Latin countries, grade of noble rank 1)elow
those of duke and count Mer.V. I. ii. 123 the
3Iarqness of Montferrat.
2 in England, degree of tlie peerage between those of
duke and earl 2Hf) i. i. 64 Lord m., 3H6 iii. iii. 164
M. Montaejue, R3 l. iii. 255 Master marquess,
3 marchioness H8 v. iii. 169 Lady M. Dorset.
marriage: 3 syll. once, in Lucr. 221.
niarry vb. : freq. fig. = to unite intimately, join close-
ly, c. g. John III. i. 228, Rom. i. iii. 83, Sonu. viii. 6.
marry interj.: orig. the name of the Virgin Mary
used as an oath or invocation : = ' indeed, to be
sure ' Err. 11. ii. 105 M., and did, sir, AU'sW. 11.
iii. 64, R3 1, iii. 261, iii.iv.34 ; esp. (l)in answering
a question, when it often implies surprise that
it should have been asked = 'why' or 'wliy, to
bo sure ' Tp. iii. ii. 47 Will thou be pleas'd? . . .
—M., will I, Gent. 11. i. 66 How painted?— M., sir,
so painted, R3 i. iii. 98 What may she not? She
may, — ay, m., may she. Goes. I. ii. 228 Weis the
croiimoffer'd him thrice? — Ay, m., was't ; (2) with
asseverative words or invocations Tw.N. iv. ii.
Ill God be wi' you . . . 31., amen, R2 iv. i. 114 J/.,
Godforbiel.', Rom. iv. v. 8 God forgive me, M., and
amen ! ; (3) marry come up.' (not pre-S.), used to
ex|)ress indignant or amused surprise or con-
tempt Rom. If. v. 64, Per. iv. vi. 164 ; marry-trap*
(S.), ? be off witli you Wiv. 1. i. 172.
niarshal sb. (scanned as 2 or as 3 syll.)
1 Iiigh officer of state in Eniiland, now called 'enrl
marshal ' 1H4 iv. iv. 2 the lord m., H8 iv. i. 19
earl marshal.
2 officer charged with the arrangement of cere-
monies, esp. with the regulation of combats in
the lists R2 I. i. 204, &c., 2H4 I. iii. 4, &c.; fig.
leader MXD. 11. ii. 120.
3 general officer of t lie highest rank in the French
army Lr. iv. iii. 9 The JJarshal of Fninrc.
marshal vb.: to guide, lead, conduct Mac. it. i. 42,
Ham. III. iv. 205, 0th. 11. i. 270, Per. 11. iii. 19.
Marshalsea ; prison in Southwark (abolished in
1842) under the control of the knight marshal of
the royal household H8 v. iv. 92 (old edd. -sey).
mart sb. (not pre-S. in the sense ' market-place or
hall ' Err. i. ii. 74, ike., Mer.V. in. i. 51)
1 meeting of people for buying and selling, time of
liolding a market Err. i. i. 17 Syracusian m-sand
fairs, Per. iv. ii. bthis mart.
2 buying and selling, traffic Ham. i. i. 74 foreign
m. for implements of war ; bargain Slir. 11. i. 321
[329] venture madly on ei desperate mart.
marts b.: totrafficCym. i. vi.l51 ;trans. totraffic in,
buy or sell Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 364, C<es. iv. iii. 11,
Martial: like that of the war-god Mars, Gym. iv.
ii. -610 his Jhtrtiid thigh.
Martin: Saint M-'s siiinmer, season of fine mild
Weather occurring about Martinmas, Nov. 11 ; fig.
seasouof prosperity after adversity 1116 i. ii. 131.
Martlemas : old form of ' Martinmas '; in 2H4 11.
ii. 112 hoiii doth the m., your master? used deri-
sively of Falstaff ; perhaps short for 'Martlemas
beef ' = meat of an ox slaughtered and salted at
Martinmas ; cf. 1H4 iii. iii. 198 0! my sireet beef.
martlet: swallow or house-martin Mer.V. it. ix.
2S,'!ils.c.i.\i.4 te mple-haunting martlctf (FfBarlet).
martyr (2 a 17th cent, use)
1 to inflict grievous pain upon, torment, torture
Rom. IV. V. 59 haleel, niartgr'd, kill'd.
2 to mutilate, disfigure Tit. iii. i. 82tvho hath m-d
Hue?, 108, V. ii. 181, Lucr. 802.
martyr'd : m. signs, marks of extreme suffering
Tit. III. ii. 36.
marvel sb.: [Gym. in. i. 10.
1 astonishment, wonder Wint. v. i. 188, iii. 100,
2 ii is Wi., it is a wonder Mer.V. 11. vi. 3, Shr. iv.
ii. 86 ; no m. (thouqh), no wonder (if)MND. 11. ii.
96, R3 I. iv. 64, Lr'. 11. i. 100, Ven. 3'JO.
marvellous adv.: wonderfully ; only withadjs.and
advs. (freq.) MND. iv. i. 26 ni. hairy about thefeice.
mary-toud (S.) : bud of a marigold Gym. 11. iii. 26.
masli: (properly) to mix (malt) with water to
form wort, (hence, gen.) to brew, used fig. in
Tit. III. ii. 38 no other drink but tears, Breiv'd with
her sorrow, mash'd upon her clie(ks{o\Ae(\(\. mesh' d).
mask : to take part in a masque or masquerade Rom.
I. V. 41.
masking^, masq.uing': belonging to or taking
part in a masque Mer.V. 11. vi. 59 Our m. mates,
Shr. IV. iii. 87 what masqiiing stuff is here?.
mass (1, 2 are 16th-17tli cent, uses)
1 applied to the earth Ham. 11 r. iv. 49.
2 large amount of money or treasure Wiv. 11. ii.
289 m-es of money, 2H6 i. iii. 134 a mass of public
treasury. [iv. 47.
3 solid bulk, massiveness Troil. I. iii. 29, Ham. iv.
mast : fruit of the beech, oak, or chestnut, serving
as food for swine Tim. iv. iii. 425.
master sb. (old edd. sometimes maister)
1 leader, chief Tit. v. i. 15 bees . . . Led by their jh.
2 captain of a merchant vessel Tp. 11. ii. 49 The m.,
tlie swabber, the boatswain, and I, Mac. i. iii. 7 m.
0' the Tiger ; oflficer having the navigation of a
ship of war 2H6 iv. i. stage dir. a Captain, a
Master, a Meisters-Mate.
3 owner Tp. 11. i. 5 Tlic masters of some merchant.
4 (/oorfm., patron LLL. iv. i. 107, Wint. v. ii. 197 [188].
5 eireed master, chief officer of a roval liouseliold
HS IV. viii. 100.
6 used vocatively as a polite form of address = sir,
pi. gentlemen 1H6 i. i. 152 Farewell, my m-s, 2H6
II. i. 97 A plum-tree, m., Ham. 11. ii. 449 [-140] Joii
are leelcome, masters.
7 title prefixed to a man's name (in old edd.
abbreviated J/, or Mr.), e.g. Wiv. i. i. 46 Master
MASTER
137
MEAN
Thomas Page ; prefixed to a designation of office
or profession Ado iii. iii. 17 Master constable,
LLL. IV. ii. 87 Master (Fi M.) schoolmaster, Tim.
IV. ii. 1 Master (Fi M.) steward.
8 young m., applied by inferiors to the boys and
young men of the families of their superiors
Mcry .uAi.hi young Master Lanncelot \hsLi\iBvinQ\y
in Lr. li. ii. 50 come on, young master.
9 asadj.=main, principal, chief H8 iii. ii. 107 The
m. cord on 's heart. Cues. in. i. 163 The choice and
m. spirits of this age, 0th. il. i. 270 the m. and main
exercise, Per. iv. vi. 8 her master reasons.
master vb. (neither sense is pre-S.)
1 to rule as a mastei', be the master of Cym. iv. ii.
383, 395.
2 to own, possess Mer.V. v. i. 174, 1H4 v. ii. 63,
H5 H. iv. 137,-Lucr. 863, Sonn. cvi. 8.
masterdom : absolute control Mac. i. v. 71.
masterly : Ham. iv. vii. 96 a m. report, 'a report
that describes Laertes as a master of fence '.
master-m,istress : man occupying the position of
a mistress Sonn. xx. 2 m. of my passion.
m.asterpiece : greatest achievement Mac. ii. iii. 72.
mastership (the foil, are the only uses)
1 with possessive pron. (your m.) used as a title
Gent. III. i. 282, Mer.V. ir. ii. 63.
2 masterly or supreme skill Cor. iv. i. 7.
mastick : (?) misprint for mastice, dial, form of
'mastiff', used as adj. =massive Troil. i. iii. 73
When rank Thcrsites opes his m. jaws (mod. edJ.
mastiff f, massive i).
m.atcli sb. (set a match .- see set vb.)
1 opponent, antagonist 2H6 v. ii. 10 m. to m. I hare
encounler'd him.
2 contest viewed with regard to the equality or in-
equality of the parties Troil. iv. v. 46 It were no
m., your nail against liis horn, v. iv. 28 art than
for Jleclor's m.?. Ham. ii. ii. 501 [493] Unequal m.
(Qq matcht).
3 agreement, compact, bargain Wiv. ii. ii. 307 the
hour is fixed, the m. is made, Mer.V. iii. i. 48f()i-
other bad m., 3H6 iii. ii. 57, Troil. iv. v. 37, 269,
Cym. HI. vi. 30 ; a match .', agreed !, done 1 Tp.
II. i. 35, Shr. v. ii. 74, Rom. ii. iv. 76.
match vb. (sense 7 is peculiar to S.)
1 to ally oneself in marriage Ado ii. i. 69 io m. in
my kindred, Tw.N. l. iii. 118, 2H6 i. i. 132, 3H6
III. iii. 210.
2 to associate or join (one) with another Ado ii.'i.
112 God m. me with a good dancer !, LLL. ii. i. 49.
3 to oppose, esp. with equal power MND. iii. ii.
305, 2H6 V. i. 156, Ham. rv. vii. 100, Cym. ii. i.
25 like a cock that nobody can match.
4 intr. to meet in combat, fight John ii. i. 330
Strength match'd with strength.
5 to place in competition wkh Rom. ii. Chor. 4.
6 to be suitable to H5 ii. iv. 130 m-ing to his ijouth.
7 to procure as a match Mer.V. iii. i. 84 Here comes
another of the tribe : a third cannot be matched.
mate sb. (2 sometimes contemptuous)
1 fellow, ' chap ' Shr. i. i. 58, 2H4 ii. iv. 132, 1H6
III. i. 99 an inkhorn mate, R3 i. iii. 340.
2 (on board ship) officer who sees to the execution
of the commands of the master or comniamler
2H6 IV. i. 13 them that art his [the masttrs] male :
assistant to another Tp. ii. ii. 50 The ginuur and
his mate.
mate vb.': to stupefy, confound Err. v. i. 282 1 think
yoii are all m-d or stark mad, JH6 in. i. 265, Mac.
v. i. 85 My mind she has m-d, and amaz'd my sight.
mate vb.2 (the sense ' match, man-y ' also occurs)
1 to rival, vie with H8 lu. ii. 275.
2 to join or couple ivith Ven. 909* Her more than
haste is mated with delays.
material (sense 'important' occurs thrice)
1 forming the substance of a thing Lr. iv. ii. 35 She
that herself will . . . disbranch From her m. sap.
2 full of sense AYL. in. iii. 34 A material fool.
matin (rare sense) : morning Ham. i. v, 89.
matter (1 peculiar to S.)
1 sense, substance (as opposed to nonsense or
tritiing) Ado ii. i. 346 to speak all mirth and no m.,
AYL. II. i. 68 he's full of m., Lr. iv. iv. 179 01
matter and imptrtinency mix'd.
2 phrases : — m. in it, some importance attaching to
it W^int. IV. iii. 880 [iv. 874J, 0th. in. iv. 138 ;
it's no m. for, there is no importanco attaching
to (the thing in question) H5 v. i. 17 'Tis no m.
for his swellings ; esp. it's no m. for that = tbat
does not matter Gent. iii. i. 337, Wiv. i. iv. 120,
Cor. IV. V. 174 ; no such m., nothing of the kind
Ado I. i. 199 [192], Sonn. Ixxxvii. 14 ; used to give
an emphatic negative to a previous statement or
implication Ado ii. iii. 236 [225], v. iv. 82, Tw.N.
III. i. 5, 2H4 Ind. 15, Troil. iii. i. 99, Ham. ii. ii. 279 ;
to the m., to the point Ham. iii. ii. 344 [336], Cym.
V. V. 170 ; off the m., irrelevantly Wiv. in. v. 10.
m.ature (stressed ma'ture in Lr. iv. vi. 283)
1 ripe or ready /or Cor. iv. iii. 26.
2 pertaining to maturity or manhood Wint. I. i. 27
their more mature dignities.
3 (of time) due Lr. iv. vi. 283 in the mature time.
maugre : in spite of Tw.N. in. i. 165, Lr. v. iii. 133.
luaund : woven basket with handles Cumpl. 36.
May : prime Ado v. i. 76 His May of youth ; so May-
mom H5 1, ii. 120 the rcry May-morn of his youth.
may : the orig. sense ' have power or ability, can '
is well represented, as are also the mod. uses;
occas. with ellipsis of vb. of motion MND. in. ii.
4.'J3 That I may back to Athens, 1H4 in. i. 141 you
may away by night ; the idiomatic you may, you
may (Troil. in. i. 120, Cor. n. iii. 39) app. means
go on, go on, divert yourself at my expense.
maypole : jocularly of a tall man MND. in. ii. 296.
maz(z)ard : jocular word for ' head ' Ham. v. i. 95,
0th. n. iii." 157.
m.azed: dazed, bewildered, confused MND. ii. i. 113
the mazed world, H8 ii. iv. 183 maz'd considcrinys.
m.eacock : effeminate, cowardly Shr. ii. i. 307 [315].
meadow: low well-watered ground Tit. in. i. 126.
meag're : poor, barren Mer.V. in. ii. 104, John iii.
i. «0.
nieal'd (S.) : spotted, stained (fig.) Meas. iv. ii. 86
were he m. with that Which hecorrccts. ^ Identical
with Anglo-Saxon 'nia;lan', from 'mar = spot,
mole; of. northern dial, 'mealy ' = spotty, 'mail'
= to spot, stain, ' mail' = mole.
mealy : covered with fine powder Troil. in. iii. 79.
mean sb. (used in sing, and pi. with the sense
' instrument, agency, method, &c. employed for
doing something ' the pi. sometimes taking sing.
concord ; the meaning ' pecuniary resources,' e.g.
Meas. II. ii. 24, is not pre-S.)
1 middle position, medium Mer.V. i. ii. iS scaled in
the m.. Ant. n. vii. 22 the height, the loirncss, or the
m.; moderation 1H6 i. ii. 121 since lie keeps no m.
2 tenor or alto (intermediate between ti'eble and
bass) Gent. i. ii. 93, LLL. v. ii. 329, Wint. iv. ii.
[iii]. 46.
3 something interposed or intervening 3H6 in. ii.
141 the m-s that keep me from it. Ant. in. ii. 32.
4 make m-s, take steps, use efforts Gent. v. iv. 137,
R3 v. iii. 40 make some good m-s to speak with him,
250, Cym. il. iv. 3 What m-s do you make to him ?.
5 opportunity of doing something, of access to a
person, &c. Err. i. ii. 18 liaving so good a m., R3
IV. ii. 75 open means to come to them. Ham. iv. vi.
14 give these fellows some means to the king.
UEAir-
6 (one's) instrumentality, influence, instigation
2H6 III. ii. 124 murder d Bij Suffolk and the Cardinal
Beaufort's m-s, R3 I. ill. 78 Our brother is imprisoned
by your means.
mean adj.: the S. meanings are 'of low degree,
station, orposition'and 'undignitied, low, base' ;
(10 mean, no contemptible (an epithet of praise)
III er. V.I. ii. 7 (Qi) tio meane happinesse (Fino smal).
mean vb.: to lament, 'moan' MND. v. i. 331.
% Tliis form had become restricted to the north
by S.'s time.
meaning': intention, purpose Shr. irr. ii. 127 He
hd'li some vteaning in his mad attire, R2 li. iii. 74,
R3 III. V. 54 Something against our m., Lr. i. ii.
196 (/ there be any good m. toward you, V. iii. 4
tilth best meaning.
meanly ' : poorly,' badly LLL. v. ii. 329 he can sitig
A mean inost m. ; basely, lowlily R3 iv. iii. 37,
Cvm. III. iii. 82. [proud.
meanly ^ : in a slight degree Err. i. i. 58 not m.
meantime: sb. usu. in the m., but once the m. in
the same sense Ant. iii. iv. 25 the m. . . . I'll raise
the preparation of a tear ;— adv. (not pre-S.) used
both in tlie temporal sense, and the adversative
sense = still, nevertheless (Luer. Ded. 5).
measle : loathsome disease Cor. iir. i. 77 those m-s.
Winch icedisdain'should tetter !(.s(old edd. Meazcls).
*i] Tliere is a ref. to the common 16th-17th cent,
use of the word = scurvy wretch.
measurable : suitable, lit LLL. v. i. 99.
measure sb. (the sense 'quantity (of drink),' aris-
ing out of that of 'unit of capacity', develops into
' carouse, toast ' in Mac. iii. iv. 11, 0th. ii. iii. 32)
1 distance of a fencer from his opponent, fig. = reach
Gent. V. iv. 127 Come not within the m.of my wrath.
2 something commensurate or adequate Cor. ii. ii.
128 He cannot but with tn. Jit the honours 'niiick ve
devise him ; satisfaction (of desire) 3H6 ll. iii. 32
7iieasure of revenge.
3 limit, restricted extent Rom. m. ii. 125 no end,
no limit, m., Mac. v. vii. 102 [viii. 73] in m., time,
find place. Ant. iii. iv. 8 most narrow m. ; also in
phr. above m., beyomlall m., out of m. = excessively.
4 moderation Mer.V. in. ii. 112 In m. rain thy joy,
K2 III. iv. 8 When uiy poor heart no m. keeps ingrief.
5 t reatment meted out Meas. III. ii. 2(34 [257], All'sW.
II. iii. 273 hard and undeserved in., 3H6 ll. vi. 65
Measure for measure.
fi metre H5 v. ii. 138 neither troi-ds nor measure.
7 tune, melody John iii. i. 304 tn-s to our pomp.
8 rhythm or time of a piece of music 'Tw.N. v. i. 41
the triplex, sir, is a yood tripping measure.
9 dance, esp. grave or stately dance Ado ii. i. 81
(I Hi. full of state and ancientry, R2 i. iii. 291, iii.
iv. 7, Rom. I. iv. 10, Ven. 1148 tread the measures.
10 stately gait or step Mer.V. ii. vi. 11 His tidious
m-s, AVint. iv. iii. [iv.] 760 the tn. of the court.
measure vb. :
1 m. one's length, fall or lie full length on the
ground MNl). in. ii. 429 To m. out my length on
this cold bed, Lr. I. iv. 100 // you will m. your
lubber's length again ; so Cyiii. i. ii. 26 /(// you had
measured how lung a font you nere upon the ground.
2 measure sirords, fi^'ht AYL. v. iv. 91.
3 to mark out the bounds of AYL. ir. vi. 2.
4 to judge, estimate Wint. ii. i. 113, 2H4 v. ii. 652,
H5 I. ii. 268, Rom. i. i. 132, Sonn. Ixix. 10.
6 to traverse Gent. ii. vii. 10, Mer.V. in. iv. 84 we
must m. twenty miles to-day; togo back upon (one's
steps), retrace (a patli) 'Tp. n. i. 267 [25'J], John
V. V. 3.
6 to tread (a 'measure'), only quibblingly in Rom.
I. iv. 10 We'll measure them a measure, and be gone.
mec hn i Ul c : adj. engaged in a manual occupation
138 —MEET
Ho I. ii. 200 The poor m. porters, Ant. v. ii. 208 m.
sleives ; (hence) vulgar, low Ant. iv. iv. 32 to stand
On more m. compliment ; — sb. handicraftsman (con-
temptuous) Cor. V. iii. 83 Do not bid me . . . capitu-
late Again with Rome's mechanics.
mechanical: adj. = mechanic adj. Wiv. ii. ii. 295
m . salt-butter rogue, 2H4 v. v. 39 m. and dirty hand,
Ca?s. I. i. 3; — sb. =mechanic sb. MND. in. ii. 9
rude mechanicals, 2H6 i. iii. 196.
m.edal: metal disk used as trinket, locket Wint.
I. ii. 307 he that wears her like her medal, hanging
About his neck.
meddle (1, 2 late exx. of these senses)
1 to mingle Tp. i. ii. 22 More to know Bid never m.
with my thoughts.
2 to ' mingle ' in fight, engage in conflict Tw.N. in.
iv. 278 meddle you must.
3 to have dealings, concern oneself with Ado in. iii.
3t, Shr. n. i. 25 m. not with her, All'sW. iv. iii. 41,
Rom. I. ii. 40 the shoemaker should m. with his yard.
me'dicinable : healing, medicinal Ado n. ii. 5 (Fi
mcdicinable), Troil. I. iii. 91 (Q Ff med'cinable),
0th. v. ii. 350 Their m. gum (Qq medicinall), Cyni.
III. ii. 33 Some griefs are m. (f'fiaa medcinable).
me'dicinal : Wint. n. iii. 37 words as m. as true ;
see also the prec. word.
medicine sb.': applied, as commonly from 1400 to
S.'s time, to drugs, &c., used for other than reme-
dial purposes ; e.g. the philosopher's stone or
elixir All'sW. v. iii. 102 multiplying m.. Ant. i.
V. 36 that good m. ; poison Lr. v. iii. 97, 0th. iv.
i. 46 Work on. My m., work! ; a philtre 1H4 ii.
ii. 20, 22, 0th. i. iii. 61.
medicine sb.=: doctor, physician All'sW. ii. i. 75 ;
fig. Wint. IV. iii. [iv.] 600, Mac. v. ii. 27.
medicine vb. : to heal, cure Cym. iv. ii. 243 Great
griefs . . . m. the less ; to bring by medicinal means
to 0th. in. iii. 333 m. thee to that sweet sleep.
medlar : the tree Mespiius germanica, or its fruit
which is like a small brown-skinned apple and is
eaten when decayed to a soft pulpy state ; always
with quibble on 'meddler' Meas. iv. iii. 188, AYL.
in. ii. 126, 129, Rom. n. i. 34, Tim. iv. iii. .305.
meed ('recompense, reward ' is the prevalent sense)
1 gift (S.) Tim. I. i. 288*.
2 merit, worth 3H6 ii. i. .36 Each one already blazing
by our m-s, iv. viii. 38 my m. hath got me fame.
Ham. V. ii. 149 in his meed he's unfellowed.
meek (the moral sense also occurs)
1 mild, merciful, gentle Tim. in. vi. 106 affable
wolves, meek bears, Cass. in. i. 255 That I am meek
and gentle with these butchers.
2 subdued, spiritless, tame Ant. Y. ii. 161, Lucr.
710 alt recreant, poor, and meek.
meered : see mered.
meet : adj. be meet with (not prc-S.), be even or quits
with Ado I. i. 47 ;— adv. fitly All'sW. v. iii. 338
)/ it end so meet.
meet vb. (l=mod. 'meet with' ; 2 now expressed
by the simple ' meet ')
1 to encounter, experience, receive, gain Gent. i.
i. 15 When thou dost meet good hap, 1H4 v. v. 42
Meeting the check of such another day, 2H4 iv. v.
184 Bg what by-paths I met this crown, Lr. in. vii.
101 If she live long, And . . . meet the old course of
death.
2 m.with, (i) come face to face with or into the com-
pany of Gent. V. ii. 45, Err. i. ii. 27 I'll meet with
you upon the mart, Mac. i. i. 7 There to meet with
Macbeth ; (ii) encounter (an enemy, &c.) 1H4 iv.
iv. 13 The king with mighty . . . power Meets with
Lord Harry, 2H4 li. iii. iS I must go and meet with
danger there.
3 to come to a meeting, keep an appointment Wiv.
MEETING
139
MESS
II. iii. 5 'Tis past the hour, sir, that Sir Huf/h
promised to meet. Mens. iv. i. 20, AYL. v. ii. 131.
meeting': meeting-place (once) 1H4 in. ii. 174.
lueetly lonce) : fairly good or well Ant. i. iii. 81.
lueetness (once) : fitness Sonn. cxviii. 7.
meinie, meiny (2 used by Day, 1609)
1 body of retainers Lr. ii. iv. 35 (Qq men).
2 common herd, vulgus Cor. iii. i. 65 the mutable,
riDik-scented m. (F4 many).
luelanclioly : ill-temper, sullenness John in. iii.
42 that surly spirit, m. ^ A late instance of
a sense current from the 14th cent.
inell: = MEDDLE 3 All'sW. iv. iii. 258.
melt : to weaken, enervate Ado rv. i. 325 manhood
is m-ed into curtsies, Tim. iv. iii. 257 thou icouldst
liaie . . . melted down thy youth.
meltingf : yielding or softening to emotion, tender
(hence of eyes, &c.) tearful 2H4 iv. iv. 32 m.
charity, 3H6 i. iv. 174 thy m. tears, 11. ii. 41 thy
m. heart, Ca-s. 11. i. 122 The m. sptriis of leomen,
0th. V. ii. 348 unused to the m. mood, Yen. 315 his
mel/ing buttock. [dial.)
member (1 now Warwickshire and Worcestershire
1 person Meas. v. i. 231 [237J instruments of some
more mightier member That sets them on.
2 one who hasa part or share (in something) 2H4 iv.
i. 171 m-s of our cause, Ot\i. lu.iv. Ilia m.df his toie.
memorable (only in H5)
1 easily remembered H6 11. iv. 53*.
2 commemorative H5 iv. vii. 100 for a m. honour,
V. i. 76 a memorable trophy.
memorial adj. : of remembrance Troil. v. ii. 77
memorial . . . kisses.
mem.orize : to cause to be remembered, make
mciuorable H8 ill. ii. 52, Mac. i. ii. 41 Or m.
another Golgotha.
memory (cf. ' a perpetual memory of that his
precious death ' Prayer Book, Communion)
1 plir. of m., remembered 1H6 iv. iii. 51 That ever
living man of m.. Ham. v. ii. 403 rights of m. ; — of
little J)!., soon forgotten Tp. 11. i. 241 [233] ; 600/1 of
in., memorandum-book 1H6 ii.iv.lOl, 2H6i. i. 101.
2 memorial, memento AYL. 11. iii. 3, Cor. iv. v. 77
m.. And witness, Cses. lii. ii. 140/orHi., Lr. iv. vii.
7 memories of those norscr liours.
mend (' make better, improve ' in various contexts
is the most freq. sense)
1 to refoi-m H8 in. i. 104 hollow hearts I fear ye. it.
'em ; refl. Tw.N. i. v. 49 bid the dishonest man m.
himself; intr. =refl. Meas. in. ii. 28 go m., Tw.N.
I. v. 49 if he m., Lr. n. iv. 232 M. when thou canst.
2 to make amends for, atone for Cor. ni. ii. 26 Jon
must return and m. it ; (hence) to remedy, ' help '
E2 II. iii. 163, in. ii. 100.
3 to adjust, set right All'sW. ni. ii. 7 m. the ruff,
Ant. v. 11. 321 Your crown's awry ; I'll m. it.
4 to restore to health 2H4l. ii. 125 heaven m. him.';
intr. to get better, recover one's health Ado v.
ii. 98 love me, and m. ; (of a malady) to abate Tim.
V. i. 192 My long sickness . . . now' begins to mend.
5 to improve by addition, increase the value of
Shr. I. ii. 154 I'll m. it with a largess, Tim. I. i. 173
You m. the jewel by the wearing it, Ant. I. v. 45 To
mend the petty present.
6 to supplement, supply the deficiency of Err. iv.
iii. 59 we'll mend our dinner here. H8 i. iv. 61.
7 to grow better in qualitv, do better, improve
MND. V. ii. 55 [i. 431], Tw.N. i. v. 79, Cor. i. iv.
38, Ant. I. iii. 82.
8 to improve upon, better LLL. v. ii. 330 in ushering
M. him who can, AYL. in. ii. 72 M. the instance.
9 in asseverationsandpious wishes AYL. iv.i. 199 so
God mend me, lH4in. i. 254, Rom. i. v.83 God shall
m. my soul ; H8 1. ii. 201 God m. all!, Cym. v. v. 68.
mends : means of reparation, remedy Troil. i. i. 70.
^This meaning occurs in the 16th-17th cent, only
in the phr. ' have the m. in one's own hands.'
mercatante t : see marcantant.
merchandise sb.: construed as a pi. Ant. 11. v.
104 ; make m., trade, traftic Mer.V. ui. i. 137 make
ivhat merchandise I will.
merchandise vb.: to traffic in Sonn. oil. 3.
merchant (1 and 2 common Eliz. uses)
1 fellow, 'chap' 1H6 11. iii. 57, Rom. 11. iv. 154.
2 merchantmen Tp. 11. i. 5, 2H4 n. iv. 67.
mercurial : fleet, like Mercury's, Cym. iv. ii. 310
His foot Mercurial.
Mercury: in Roman mythology, the messenger
of the gods ; (hence) messenger, newsbearer R3
II. i. 89 ; go-between Wiv. n" ii. 83 ; the god as
patron of thieves and cheating Tw.N. i. v. 104
M. endue thee with leasing, Troil. 11. iii. 12 M., lose
all the serpentine craft of thy caduceiis.
mercy (1 usu. in phr. I cry yon mercy ; 3 hence the
general phr. at, in, or within the mercy of)
1 cry m., beg for pardon or forgiveness Gent. v. iv.
94 0, cry you mercy, sir ; I have mistook, AYL. in.
V. 61 Cry the man m., H8 v. iii. 78 I cry your hon-
our mercy, Lr. in. vi. 55.
2 by m., (?) by a merciful condition Tim. iii. v. 56*.
3 clemency of a conqueror Mer.V. iv. i. 356 the
offendir's life lies in the m. Oftheduke, H5 iii. iii.
3 To our best m. give yourselves, 3H6 i. iv. 30 Yield
to our m. ; phr. at m., in m., absolutely in the
power of the victor Cor. l. x. 7 I' the part that is
at m. (i.e. conquered), Lr. i. iv. 352 thai , . , He
may . . . hold our lives in m.
mere adj.: absolute, sheer, perfect, downright
Wiv. IV. V. 64 cozenage, m. cozenage, LLL. i. ii. 36
the m. contrary, H8 in. ii. 330 tlie m. undoing Of
all the kingdom, Mac. iv. iii. 152 The m. despair of
surgery, 0th. 11. ii. 3, Cym. iv. ii. 92 to thy m,
confu.'iion. ^ A common sense for more than
two centuries, surviving late in the 18th ; but
less freq. in S. than the ordinary mod. use (which
is not pre-Eliz.).
mere adv. : absolutely All'sW. in. v. 55 m. the truth.
mered ' : Ant. m. xi. [xiii.] 10 The m. question (old
edd. meered) = (a) the sole ground of dispute (b)
the matter to which the dispute is limited (taken
from ' mere ' vb., to bound, limit).
merely : absolutely, entirely Tp. i. i. 61 jn. cheated
of our lives, E2 11. i. 244, Cor. in.i. SOS clean kam. —
M. awry. Ham. i. ii. 137 things rank and gross in
nature Possess it merely. ^J About as freq. as the
meaning ' only '.
merit: due reward, recompense A t^car^r m., not
so deep a maim, LLL. 11. i. 21, E2 I. iii. 156.
mermaid: siren Err. in. ii. 45.
merriment: entertainment, amusement (S.) MND.
in. ii. 146.
merry (3 not pre-S.)
1 (of wind) favourable Err. rv. i. 91.
2 amusing, funny Tit. v. ii. 175 a merry jest.
3 facetious, ' pleasant ' Tim. m. ii. 42 / know his
lordship is but merry with 7ne.
4 merry men, companions in arms or followers of
a knight or an outlaw cliief AYL. i. i. 123.
mervilous : old form of ' marvellous ' H5 11. i. 50.
m.esh'd : see mash.
mess:
1 dish (of food), course of dishes Wiv. iii. i. 63 a m.
of porridge, Shr. iv. iv. 70, Wint. iv. iii. [iv.] 11
our feasts In every m. havefoUu, Tim. iv. iii. 427,
Lr. I. i. 119.
2 quantity of food stuff sufficient for a dish 2H4 11,
i. 106 to borrow n mess of vinegar.
3 one of the groups of persons', normally four, into
MESSAGE —
140
MINO
which the company at a banquet was divided ;
Wint. I. ii. 227 loiver m-es (i.e. people of inferior
status), Jolin i. i. 190 He and Ins toothpick at my
uorsltip's mess, Ham. v. ii. 90 at the king's mess.
4 set of four LLL. iv. iii. 207, V. ii. 362, 3H6 i. iv.
73 your mess of sons.
message: sent on a m., sent to do an errand Gent.
IV. iv. 119, 1H6 IV. vii. 53 ; similarly go of m. 2H6
IV. i. 113.
metal, mettle (differentiated spellings of the
same word, used without distinction in the old
cdd., but in mod. edd. mettle is usu. restricted to
4, 6, and 6j
1 material of which arms are made, hence = sword
John V. ii. 16 Tliat I must draw tliis m. from my
side; cf. All'sW. ii. i. 42.
2 precious metal, gold (S.) Err. iv. i. 83, Mer.V. i.
iii. 135, R3 iv. iv. 383 The imperial m., circling
vow thy head ; fig. Tw.N. ii. v. 17 my m. of India
{Ff.^iXeltle).
3 fig. 'stuff', substance, material AYL. ii. vii. 82
the m. of my speech, All'sW. i. i. 143, H5 in. i. 27
Them, of your pasture ; with ref. to a person's
'make-up' or character Meas. l. i. 48, R3 iv. iv.
303 of your »«., of your very blood, H8 iii. ii. 240,
Lr. I. i. 71 I am made of that self m. as my sister.
4 disposition, temperament Tp. ii. i. 189 [182] of
brave m., Tw.N. iii. iv. 303 I care not who knows
so much of my m., v. i. 334 tite m. of your sex,
John II. i. 401 the m. of a king, Cajs. i. ii. 301 He
?i'as quick mettle (conj. mettVd t).
5 (of a horse) natural vigour and ardour, spirit 1H4
IV. iii. 22 Your uncle Worceste)-'s horse . . . their
pride and mettle is asleep, Compl. 107.
6 ardent temperament, spirit, courage Ado v. i.
136, 1H4 II. iv. 13 a lad of m., Caes. ii. i. 1.3*4 th'
insuppressive m. of our spirits, 0th. iv. ii. 207
there's mettle in thee.
metaphysical : supernatural Mac. i. v. 80 m. aid.
mete (occurs twice ; old odd. also meat)
1 to measure, estimate 2H4 iv. iv. 77.
2 to aim at LLL. iv. i. 136.
m.eteor ; luminous body or appearance of any kind
in the sky R2 ir. iv. 9 And m-s fright the fixed
.ftars of heaven, Rom. iir. v. 13 some »». that the sun
exhales ; fig. Err. iv. ii. 6 his heart's m-s tilting in
his face.
m.eteyard: measuring rod Shr. rv. iii. 152.
metheglin : spiced drink made from wort and
honey, of Welsh origin Wiv. v. v. 171, LLL. v.
ii. 234.
m.ethod : summary of the contents of a book, fig.
Tw.N. I. V. 245 In what chapter of his bosom?—
To ansn-er by the method, in the first of his heart.
methougllts : past tense of mlthink's = it seemed
to me Mer.V. i. iii. 70(Qq]34 31ethoHght),'Wint. i.
ii. 154, R3 I. iv. 9, 24. "[I Not rccor<led before S. ;
current till the middle of the 18th cent.
mettle: see metal. [132, Rom. in. iv. 11.
mew: to coop up, shut up MND. i. i. 71, R3 i. i.
mewKiiot pre-S.): to cry feebly AYL. ii. vii. 144.
micher : truant 1H4 ii. "iv. 455.
michlng'maliclio: usu. taken to mean 'sneaking
iir skulking mischief, miching being referred to
the same root as micuer and malicho taken to
represent Spanish 'malliecho ' = misdeed ; but
form, origin, and meaning are uncertain ; Ham.
in. ii. 148 tins is Mirhing Malicho (Fj; (^ 1003
myrhing Mallico, Q2 UOimiuichingMallico, Malone
mirhing mnllcrhof).
mickle :' gieat Err. in. i. 45, H5 n. i. 70 An oath of
»». might, I?om. 11. iii. 15. U In S."s time its use
in literature was archaistic ; in colloquial use it
was northern and north-midl. dial.
microcosm : man viewed as the epitome of the
universe Cor. 11. i. 70 in the map of my microcosm.
middle : mid MND. li. i. 82 middle-summer's spring.
middle earth: the earth, viewed as being be-
tween heaven and hell or occupying the centre
of the universe Wiv. v. v. 86.
mid-season : noon (S.) Tp. i. ii. 239.
midway : middle course, medium Ado 11. i. 8, Ant.
in. iv. 19 ; — adj. m. aiy = mid-air Lr. iv. vi. 14 ;—
adv. half-way Troil. i. iii. 278, Per. v. i. 48.
m.igfht (obs. or archaic senses are)
1 power to do a thing Troil. iii. ii. 164 to be wise,
and love, Exceeds man's m.; MND. v. i. 92' noble
respect Takes it in m., not merit ( = noble considera-
tion accepts it as an act of ability without regard
to its merit).
2 efficacy, virtue AYL. in. v. 81 thy sawofm.,'R6
II. i. 70 An oath of mickle might, Sonn. Ivi. 4.
3 bodily strength Caes. n. iv. 8 I have a man's mind,
but a woman's might.
mightily: mth great effort, vigorously Shr. i. ii.
282 Strive m.; greatly, very much (the usual S.
sense) 3H6 in. ii. 74 thou, wrony'st thy children
mightily.
?rilch: giving milk Shr. 11. i. 351 [359] m. kinc,
Ven. 875 a m. doe; transf. applied to the eyes
when weeping Ham. 11. ii. 548 [540] Would have
made m. the burning eyes of heaven.
mild: calm Per. in. i. 27 Now m. may be thy life!
For a more blust'rous birth had never babe.
Mile-end (Green): drill ground of the London
troops All'sW. IV. iii. 304, 2H4 m. ii. 301.
militarist (S. coinage) : soldier AU'sW. iv. iii.
162 Monsieur Parolles, the gallant militarist.
milk : as a type of what is pleasant and ' sweet '
Rom. in. iii. 54 Adversity's sweet m , philosophy,
Mac. rv. iii. 98 the sweet m. of concord ; S. i)hr.
JH(7*o//(M»!aK^/)id)!f\,<t, compassion characteristic
of humane persons Mac. i. v. 18. ? [ii. 50.
milk-livered: ' white-livered,' cowardly Lr. iv.
milky: tinmrous, weak Tim. in. i. 58 such a faint
and m. luart. Ham. II. ii. 508 [500], Lr. i. iv."366,
million'd : countless Sonn. cxv. 5 Time, whose m.
accidents. ^ Q mitliond, which may be a form of
'million,' as in mod. dial.
mill-sixpence: sixpence stamped bj- means of
the mill and press Wiv. i. i. 160.
millstone : phr. drop or weep m-s, said of a hard-
liearted person R3 i. iii. 353, i. iv. 249 ; so Troil.
I. ii. 156 Queen Hecuba laughed that her eyes ran
o'er. — With millstones.
mimic: burlesque actor MND. in. ii. 19 (Fi Mim-
mick ; see minnick).
mince(the mod. development sense 2 is illustrated
in H5 V. ii. 1.30)
1 to extenuate, make light of 0th. n. iii. 249 Thy
honesty and lore doth mince this matter.
2 to report (what is said) euiihemistically Ant. i.
ii. 114 mince not the general tongue.
3 to a'Jcct in a mincing manner Lr. iv. vi. 123 yond
siinpi nut; ilamr . . . That minces virtue.
mincingf : aflectation H8 n. iii. 31.
mind sli. (1,2 now obs. exc. in phrases)
1 judmniont, opinion ; phr. in mi/ jn., to my m., as
I think Mer.V. iv. i. 408, Ham.'i. iv. 14.
2 purpose, intention, desire, wish Err. rv. i. 114
servants must their masters' m-s fulfil, Mer.V. 11.
viii. 42, Tit. v. iii. 1 it is my father's m. That I re-
pair to Borne, Cres. i. ii. 296 (/. . . your mind hold.
3 way of thinking and feeling with respect to
moral qualities Gent. v. iii. V.ihc bears an honour-
able m. (=entertains honourable sentiments),
Ca^s. V. i. 113 He bears too great a mind.
4 disposition, intention towards others Gent. 1. ii.
MXNO —
141
- MISDOUBT
83 / nould I knew his m., AYL. I. ii. 253, 2H6 iii.
i. 374 the commons' m., How they affect the house
. . . of York, Tim. in. iii. 23, Lr. i. 'iii. 16.
5 person (regarded abstractly as the embodiment of
mental qualities) Sonn. cxvii. 5 I kate frequent
been icith nnknoicn minels.
mind vb. (the use in negative sentences = ' (not) to
care for', occurs once Per. ii. v. 20)
1 to remind Wint. in. ii. 226, H5 iv. iii. 13 Ida thee
tirony to mind thee of it, Cor. v. i. 18.
2 to call to mind H5 iv. Chor. 53.
3 to perceive, notice Tp. ii. ii. 17 I'll fall flat ; Pcr-
cliiince he will not m. me ; to attend to, heed Slir.
I. i. 252 yon do not mind the jtlay, Rom. iv. i. 13.
4 to be inclined, intend MND. v. i. 113, 3H6 iv. i.
106 she m-s to play the Aiiiaziin, Per. n. iv. 3.
minded: disposed, inclined Tp. v. i. 126, H8 ui. i.
57 In knoio How you stand minded, Lr. ni. i. 2.
mindless: unmindful, careless Wint. i. ii. 301,
Tim. IV. iii. 93.
mine sb.: subterranean cavity Otli. iv. ii. 78 The
bawdy wind . . . Js liush'd within the hollow mine of
tatih. Tl C'f. * When awlierilewind . . . tossetli . . .
His fixt root from his hollowmines ' (Chapman).
m.ine pron. (obs. uses) : my property Slir. n. i. 377
[385], Wint. I. ii. 135, Sonn. cxxxiv. 3 ; my busi-
ness Meas. II. ii. 12 Go to ; lei that be mine.
mineral (1 an Eliz. use)
1 mine Ham. iv. i. 26 Among a mineral of metals.
2 mineral medicine or poison Otli. i. ii. 74, n. i.
3U9 « poisonous mineral, Cj'in. v. v. 50. [165.
Minerva: IJonian goddess of wisdom Cj'in. v. v.
ming'le (1 peculiar to S.)
1 to put togetlier so as to make one, to ' pool ' Cym.
I. vi. 186 /lave mini/led sums To buy a present.
2 to join (faith, friendship) Wint. i. ii. 110, iv. iii.
[iv.]473; )/(. eyes, look into each otiier'sej'es Ant.
in. xi. [xiii.] 156. [mouth.
minikin * : shrill Lr. in. vi. 46 one blast of thy m.
minim : musical note (in ancient nnisic, the short-
est) Rom. II. iv. 23 //e . . . rests me his m. (Qi and
mod. edd. rests me his w. rest, Qqa-s restsi,) his
}iitnum 7-esls).
minimus: diminutive creature MND. in. ii. 320.
minion: saucy woman, hussv, jade Gent. i. ii. 89,
Err. III. i. 54, 2H6 i. iii. 141, Tit. n. iii. 124 This m.
stood tipon her chastity, 0th. v. i. .33 Jl!., your dear
liesdead. ^ TheotherS.senseis'darlini:, favour-
ite'.
minister sb.:
1 oneemployed by anotherto carry somethinginto
effect, agent Tp. I. ii. 131 The m-s for the purpose.
All's W. II. i. 140, Wint. lll. ii. 161 I chose Camilto
for the minister to poison My friend, 2H6 ni. i. 355 a
m. of my intent, Ham. in. iv. 175//(cn[i.e. heaven's]
scouiye and minister.
2 angci (messengcrof God) Meas. v. i. 116 m-sabove,
Ham. I. iv. 39 ministers of grace.
minister vb.:
1 to furiii.sli, supply Ado ii. i. 387 m. such assistance,
R2 n. iii. 105 m. correction to thy fault, 0th. n. i.
279 what other course you please, irhich the time
shall . . . m. ; to prompt, suggest Meas. iv. v. 6
As cause doth minister.
2 to perform (a ceremony) Tp. iv. i. 17.
3 to apply or administer (something healing or the
reverse) Gent. n. iv. 151, John v. i. 15 present
medicine must be m-'d, Rom. iv. iii. 25, Per. in. ii.
8 ; absol. Mac. v. iii. 40 m. to a mind diseas'd.
ministration*: service All's W. ii. v. G6.
minnick, minnock : (?)onewhoapesorfoolsabout
MND. in. ii. 19 And forth my m. comes (Qi Min-
nick, Q, Minnock, Ffi23 Mimmick). ^| Of. 'miiii-
cal,' 'niinike' = trifling (Wright's Provincial
Dictionary), and dial, 'minnock' vb. = to affect
delicacy, to ape, fool about, 'minnock' sb. = af-
fected person.
minnow: as a type of smallness LLL. i. i. 249 Ihat
base III. of thy mirth, Cor. in. i. 88 this Triton of the
miHiiows.
minority : earliest age Lucr. 67 from world's m.
Minotaur : (allusively) devouring monster 1 H6 v.
iii. 188.
minstrel: one whose profession was to entertain
with music and story-telling Shr. iii. ii. 186/A(((r
the m-s play, Rom. in. i. 51, Lucr. 817 Feast-finding
minstrels, tuning my defame.
minstrelsy: company of minstrels LLL. i. i. 175
/ lore to hear htm lie, And I will use him for my in. ;
musicmadebyminstrelsTim.n. ii.l71,l'er.v.ii.7.
minute : m. while 1H6 i. iv. 54 and m. of the hour
LLL. v. ii. 795 — simply ' minute ' ; by the m.,
every moment Ant. in. i. 20.
mintate-jack (? cf. jack 4) : one who changes his
mind every moment, fickle person Tim. in. vi. 108.
minutely (not prc-S.) : happening every minute
Mac. v. ii. 18 m. revolts upbraid his faith-breach.
minx: wanton woman Tw.N. in. iv. 135, 0th. iv.
i. 157.
mirable: marvellous Troil. iv. v. 141.
miracle: refl. (?) to be revealed by miracle (S.)
Cym. IV. ii. 29*.
mire (2 not pre-S.)
1 to bespatter, defile Ado iv. i. 135 m-'d with infamy.
2 to sink as in mire Tim. iv. iii. 148 Paint till a horse
may mire itpon your face.
mirror : model, paragon H5 n. Chor. 6.
mirth, (obs. uses)
1 fun Wiv. IV. vi. 14, Ado Ii. i. 345 to speetk all m.
and no matter, MND. v. i. 57 ; jest Ant. I. iv. 18
for a mirth.
2 object of merriment Wint. i. ii. 1G6, Ca;s. iv. iii.
49 I'll iise ijou for my mnili, 113.
misadventured (S.): unfortunate Rom. i. Chor. 7.
Misanthropos : hater of mankind Tim. iv. iii. 53.
misbehaved (S.): ill behaved Rom. in. iii. 142.
miscarry (1 the prevailing meaning in S. and
from the 14th to the 18th cent.)
1 to come to harm or destruction, perish Mer.V.
in. ii. 316 my ships hare all m-ied, 2H4 iv. i. 129
Theit by indictment and by dint of sword Hare since
m-ied, H5 iv. i. 157, Lr. v. i. 5 Ottr sister's man
IS . . . miscarried, 0th. v. i. 6.
2 to go wrong, prove unsuccessful Cor. i. i. 272
what miscarries, Rom. v. iii. 267.
3 to be abortive, fail LLL. iv. i. 115 if horns that
year miscarry ; (of a child) to be born prematurely
2H4 V. iv. 10, 15.
4 to get into wrong hands H8 in. ii. 30.
mischief (1 the orig. sense of the word)
1 misfortune, calamity Wiv. iv. ii. 78, 1H4 v. i. 21,
1H6 V. iii. 39 A plaguing m.. light on Charles, 0th.
I. iii. 204 a m. that is past and gone, Per. i. iv. 8.
2 disease Ado i. iii. 13 to apply a moral medicine to
a mnrlififiiig mischief.
misconcieived : having a wrong idea 1H6 v. iv. 49.
misconster, -construe: cf. conster, construe.
miscreate : illegitimate, spurious 115 i. ii. 16.
misdouht sb.: mistrust, suspicion 2H4 iv. i. 206,
2H6 in. i. ,332 change miseloubt to resolution.
misdoubt vb. (in common dial, use)
1 to have doubts as to All'sAV. in. vii. 1, Ant. in.
vii. 62; absol. All'sW. i. iii. 132.
2 to be mistrustful or suspicious of fa person) Wiv.
n. i. 191 / do not misdoubt my wife.
3 to have misgivings or suspicions in regard to (a
thing) LLL. iv. iii. 194, 3H6 v. vi. 14 The bird that
hath been limed . . . m-eth every bush, R3 in. ii. 86.
MISDBEAD
142
- MODERN
niisdread: dreail of evil Per. i. ii. 12.
miser: wretch 1H6 v. iv. 7 Decrepit miser.
misery : Cyni. v. iii. 64 noble »«.* (a) miserable no-
bility, (b) wretchedness in noble estate.
misgovern'd: unruly R2 v. ii. 5 rude m. hands.
misgoverniuent : evil conduct Ado iv. i. 100.
misgraflfed (S.): fig. badly matched MND. i. i. 137.
misorder: to confuse 2H4 iv. ii. 33 The time m-d.
misplace (not pre-S. in any sense) : to use words
in a wrong place (S.) Meas. il. i. 93.
misprise, misprize : to despise Ado in. i. 52 Dis-
diini (Did icorn . . . 3Ii.sprising what they look on,
AYL. I. i. 180, &c., Troil. IV. v. 74 (Ff disprismy).
misprision': mistake, misunderstanding Adoiv.
i. 187, 1H4 I. iii. 27, Sonn. Ixxxvii. 11.
misprision 2 (once) : contempt All'sW. ii. iii. 159.
m.isprized: mistaken MND. m. ii. 74.
misproud: arrogant 3H6 ii. vi. 7.
misreport: to speak ill of Meas. v. i. 148.
miss bb. (1 ' feel the miss of is now the usual ex-
pression in midland dialects)
1 disadvantage caused by the loss o/ (a person) 1H4
V. iv. 105 I should hare a heavy miss of thee.
2 wrong-doing, offence Ven. 53 blames her miss.
miss vb. (3 several times in pres. pple.)
1 to do without Tp. i. ii. 311 We cannot miss him.
2 to fail (a person) Wiv. in. v. 56 / icill not m. her.
3 to be wanting Rom. i. Chor. 14 What here shall m.,
our toil shall strive to mend.
mis-sheathed : sheathed by mistake Rom. v.iii.205.
missing : absence Cym. v. v. 276 Vpon mi/ lady's m.
missing-ly (S.) : with a sense of loss Wint. iv. i.
Iii. I 34.
mission: sending of help Troil. iii. iii. 189.
missive : messenger Mac. i. v. 7, Ant. ii. ii. 78.
mis-speak : to speak wrongly .John in. i. 4 thou
Itn^t misspoke (Fi mispo/ie), misheard.
mist sb.: state of uncertainty Err. ii. ii. 220.
mist vb. : to bedim Lr. v. iii. 264 m. or stain the stone.
mistake (pa. pple. mistaken, mistaken, mistook)
1 to take wrongly, falsely, or improperly Wiv. ii.
ii. 231 I have lost my edifice by mistakiny the place
where I erected it, John in. i. 214: purposes mistook,
Ham. in. ii. 266 So you m. your htisbands (Q'l and
mod. edd. must take), v. ii. 398 ; to take to a wrong
person or place LLL. iv. i. 57 This letter is mistook,
109.
2 to misjudge AYL. i. iii. 67, H8 i. i. 195 1. . . could
wish he were Somethiny mistaken in't.
3 (?) to misdoubt Tim. in. ii. 25* he mistook him,
and sent to me. [mistacn.
4 intr. to go astray Rom. v. iii. 203 This dar/gcr hath
mistaking: mistake, error Tp. i. ii. 248, Meas.
in. ii. 154, Shr. iv. v. 49. ff A freq. sense about
1580-1C50.
mistempered (2 is peculiar to S.)
1 disordered, deranged John v. i. 12 m. humour.
2 tempered for an evil purpose Rom. i. i. 93 Throic
your mis-tcmper'd tvcapons to the f/round. [iv. 40.
mistership: old form of 'mistress-ship' Tit. (v.
mistfult (Vi iiinifnll) : dim H5 iv. vi. 34 m. eijes.
misthink: tothinkillof3H6ii.v. 108, Ant. v. ii'.175.
mistreading (notprc-S.) : misdeed lH4in. ii. 11.
mistress (3 is the commonest S. use)
1 woman having a protecting or guiding influence
Lr. II. i.il conjuriwj tliemoon To stand auspicious
mistress.
2 female possessor or owner Gent. iv. iv. 209 ; m.
of. possessed of, having at disposal AYL. i. ii.4,
Wint. III. ii. 60.
3 chief, first H8 in. i. 151 the lily. That once wasm.
of the field ; as adj. H5 ii. iv. 133 the m. court of
mifjhty Europe.
4 (as a title or prefix)-madam LLL. v. ii. 845 m.,
look on me; =Mrs., Wiv. iv. ii. 139 31. Ford;
= Miss Wiv. I. i. 197 J/. Anne Paye ; jocularly iu
Tp. IV. i. 237, Shr. v. ii. 42, Rom. in. v. 152.
5 =JACK 6, Troil. in. ii. 50.
mistrust sb.: m. of, doubt as to Cses. v. iii. 66.
mistrust vb.: to suspect the existence of or
anticipate the occurrence of Ado ii. i. 191 an acci-
dent of hourly proof, Which I m-ed not, Wint. ii.
i. 47 All 's true that is m-ed, 3H6 v. vi. 38 Which
noiu m. noparcel of my fear, R3 ii. iii. 42 m. Ensuing
danger ; with clause Lucr. 1516.
mistrustful: causing suspicion Ven. 826.
misuse sb. (1 is peculiar to S.)
1 ill-usage 1H4 i. i. 43.
2 evil conduct 0th. iv. ii. 108 my least m.
misuse vb. (' use wrongly ' is the most freq. sense)
1 to abuse, revile Ado ii. i. 248, AYL. iv. i. 213
[205], Shr. II. i. 160. [Sonn. clii. 7.
2 ' to speak falsely of, to misrepresent ' (Schmidt)
3 =ABUSE vb. 1, Ado II. ii. 28.
mite: minute particle Per. n. Gower8.
mixture: preparation of various ingredients Rom.
IV. iii. 21, Ham. in. ii. 272, 0th. i. iii. 104.
mo, moe : more in number ; once qualifying a sing.
noun (but with pi. implication) Tp. v. i. 234 mo
diversity of sounds.
moan sb. : lamentation, grief Ado v. iii. 16 assist our
m., 1H6 n. iii. 44 thy mirth shall turn to m., Cyni.
IV. ii. 273 Thou hast finished joy and moan ; also
jihr. make moan. ^[ The mod. sense is post-S.
moan vb.: to make lamentation Lucr. 977.
mobled : muffled Ham. ii. ii. 533 [525] the m. queen
(Qq ; Yiinobled). Tj Survives in Warwickshire.
mock sb.: m m., derided Meas. v. i. 320 As much
in mock as mark ; Otli. v. ii. 149 made m-s with,
played or sported with.
]nock vb. (3 is peculiar to S.)
1 to defy, set at nought Mer.V. ii. i. 30 mock the
lion when he roars for prey, Tw.N. in. iv. 228
mocks reproof, Mac. ii. ii. 7, Ant. in. xi. [xiii.] 184.
2 mock irtth,vidicu\eSonn.\s.x.i.l4:mock you with me
after I a7n gone.
3 to simulate, make a false pretence of 3H6 iii. iii.
255 /'())■ m-ing marriage. Ant. v. i. 2. [iii. 50.
mockable(notpre-S.) : deserving ridicule AYL.iii.
mocker : one who deceives ordisappointsAYL.il.
vi. 14 thcu art a mocker of my labour.
mockery :
1 imitation, counterfeit representation, unreal
appearance H5 iv. Chor. 53 Minding true things
by tvhat their mockeries be, R3 in. ii. 27 the jh. of
^lnqulct slumbers, Mac. in. iv. 107 Unreal m., hence!.
2 ludicrously futile action Ham. i. i. 146 our vain
hloivs [are] malicious mockery.
3 attrib. = imitation R2 iv. i. 260 m. king of snow.
mode : reading of Ff 3 t in 2H4 iv.v. 198 : see mood-.
model (4 is peculiar to S.)
1 architect's design for a building 2H4 1. iii. 42 We
first survey the plot, then draw the m., 46; fig. Ado
I. iii. 48 model to build mischief on.
2 sketch on a small scale, plan, ground-plan R2 ni.
iv. 42, V. i. 11 the m. tihcre old Troy did stand,
2H4 I. iii. 51, R3 v. iii. 24 the form and m. of uur
battle.
3 exact likeness or image (of something), some-
thing representing on a small scale the qualities
(of another) R2 i. ii. 28, H8 iv. ii. 133, Ham. v.
ii. 50, Per. n. ii. 11.
4 something that envelops closely, mould R2 in. ii.
153% H5 n. Chor. 16*.
modern: everyday, ordinary, commonplace AYL.
II. vii. \h(i Fullof irisc saivsandm. instances. John
III. iv. 42, Mac.iv. iii. 170 .1 m. ecstasy. U The
only S. sense ; peculiarly Eliz.
MODEST -
143
MOBAI.IZB
modest : moderate, marked by moderation, be-
coming All'sW. II. i. 131, Tw.N. I. iii. 'd within the
VI. limits of order, l. v. 193 give me m. assurance if
you be the lady of the house ( = sufficient to satisfy
me), H8 v. iii. 69 reverence to your calliny makes
me 111. (=moderate in language). Cor. iii. i. 274 Do
not cry havoc, where you should but hunt With m.
warrant, Lr. il. iv. 25 with all m. haste, iv. vii. 5
All my reports yo with the modest truth.
modestly : without exaggeration, with due modera-
tioii Troil. IV. V. 221, Cws. i. ii. 69.
modesty: moderation Shr. Ind. i. 68 If it he hus-
banded with modesty, Cies. iii. i. 213 cold modesty.
modicum : small quantity Troil. ii. i. 73 m-sofwit.
Modo: name of a fiend taken from Harsnet (cf.
Flibbertigibbet) Lr. iii. iv. 148, iv. i. 61.
module : mere image or counterfeit All's W. iv.
iii. 114 this counterfeit m. (model-f), John v. vii.
68 tnoduie of confounded royalty.
moiety (' half is the most freq! sense)
1 share, portion 1H4 iii. i. 97 my m. . . . equals not
one of yours, Ham. i. i. 90 a in. competent, Lr. i. i.
7, Sonn. xlvi. 12 The clear eye's m. and the dear
heart's part.
2 small part, lesser share or portion Wint. ii. iii.
8 a moiety of my rest, Lucr. Ded. 2.
moist (1 a 16th-17th cent, use)
1 liieumy 2H4 i. ii. 206 a moist eye, a dry hand.
2 .I'uicy, succulent Tim. iv. iii. 224 these moist trees
imoss'df).
3 bringing rain All'sAV. ii. i. 1673/. Hesperus, Ham.
I. i. 118 the moist star ( = the moon).
4 liquid, watery 2H4 iv. v. 138 my tears, The moist
tuipcdiments unto my speech, Troil. i. iii. 41.
moisture: bodily humours 3H6 ii. i. 79.
moldwarp: mole (the animal) 1H4 in. i. 148.
mome: blockhead, dolt Err. in. i. 32.
moment (2 a 17th cent, sense, not pre-S.)
1 on or upon the m., immediately Tim. j. i. 80,
Com))!. 248; ni a m., at one and the same time
Mac. II. iii. 116. [poorer m.
2 cause or motive of action Ant. l. ii. 152 upon far
momentany : lasting but a moment MND. i. i."l43
m. as a sound iVi momentarie). T| Common 16th-
17th cent. ; once in S. ; >»ojrtc«/r(j-(/7times. [14.
momentary-swift : rapid as a moment Ti-oil.i v. ii.
Monarcho: title assumed by an insane Italian
wliofancied himself emperorof the world ; hence
applied to one who is the object of ridicule for
his absurd pretensions LLL. iv. i. 102.
money : from S. onwards the use of the pi. for the
sing, has been commonly attributed to Jews
Mer.V. I. iii. 109, &c. 11 Cf. 'nioiiish'.
mongfrel bitch, cur: abusive epithets for persons
Troil. v. iv. 14, Lr. ii. li. 24.
Monmouth, cap : flat round capformerly worn by
soldiers and sailors H5 iv. vii. 105.
monster (I peculiar to SfT
1 to make monstrous Lr. i. i. 223 her offence Must
be of sucli unnatural degre^That monsters tt.
2 to point at as something wonderful Cor. ii. ii. 82
idly sit To hear my nothings monster'd.
monstrous: as an e.xclamation =astoundingMND.
III. i. 110, m..' strange.' we are /taunted, 1H4
II. iv. 247, Lr. v. iii. 161 ; as adv. exceedingly,
wonderfully MND. I. ii. 65 in a m. little voice,
AU'sW. II. i. 187 monstrous desperate.
montant: 'an upright blow, or thrust' (Cotgr.)
W'iv. II. iii. 27 thy punto . . . thy distance, thym.;
cf. Siynior Mountanto applied to Benedick (Ado i.
i. 30) to imply that he is a professional fencer or
bravo.
month's mind : inclination, likingGent. i. ii. 134.
monument (1 occurs freq., 2 once)
1 place of burial, grave, sepulchre Ado iv. i. 208
your family' s old m.. Tit. li. iii. 228, Rom. in. v.
203 In that dim m, where Tybalt lies, Ant. iv. xi.
txiii.]3, &c.
2 portent Shr. in. ii. 98 some wondrous 'm.. Some
comet, or unusual prodigy.
3 statue, effigy Meas. v. i. 227, All'sW. iv. ii. 6,
Cym.ii.ii.32(( m. Thusinachapil h/iiig, Luci\ 391.
monumental (not pre-S.) : sepuUlmil i»th. v. ii. 5
m. alabaster; serving as a memeiitd All'sW. iv.
iii. 20 his m. ring ; like a monument Troil. in.
iii. 153 to liang . . . like a rusty mail In m. mockery.
mood ' (1 current from the 12th cent, to 1600)
1 anger, displeasure Gent. iv. i. 51 Who, in my m.,
I stabb'd, AU'sW. v. ii. 5 muddied in Fortune's
)»., H5 IV. vii. 38, Rom. in. i. 13, 0th. n. iii. 276;
(?) angry cast of countenance Sonn. xciii. 8 m-s
and frowns.
2 form, shape, mode Ham. i. ii. 82 all forms, m-s,
.';/(0(('so/£»r!c/(Q 1695 and mod. edd.»Horfe.st),Comp!.
201 the encrimson'd mood [i.e. of rubies].
mood^: key in which music is written (fig. and
associated with ' mood ' = state of mind) 2H4 iv.
V. 198 now my death Changes the m. (Q mood, Ffi'j
moode, Ff'3 4 mode).
moon (occurs six times in the sense ' month')
1 phr. moon's men, minions of the moon, 'night-
walkers', robbers by night IH4 i. ii. 35 ; yo by
the m., be a 'night-walker' l. ii. 15 ; under or
beneath the m., on earth Ham. iv. vii. 145, Lr. iv.
vi. 27, Ant. iv. xiii. [xv.] 08 ; below the m., earthly
H8 in. ii. 135.
2 typifying a place impossible to reach 2H6 in. i.
158 dogged York, that reaches at the moon.
3 symbolical of or identified with Diana, goddess
ot chastity MND. l. i. 73 the cold fruitless m., 11.
i. 156, 162, Mer.V. v. i. 109, 1H4 i. ii. 32, Cor. i. i.
263, V. iii. 65 Publicola, The moon of Home. [115.
mooncalf: mis-shapen birth, monster Tp. 11. ii.
moonish: ehangeable(asthemooii)AYL. in. ii.436.
moonshine (1 jocular nonce-use)
1 iiKinth Lr. i. ii. 5.
2 III. in the water, appearance without substance,
something unsubstantial or unreal LLL. v. ii. 209.
3 make a sop 0' th' m. of*, (a) throw into a pool of
water, where he may, so to speak, float on moon-
shine, (b) make a 'mess' of (with rcf. to the
16th-17th cent, dish called ' eggs in moonshine')
Lr. II. ii. 35.
Moor : negro, negress Mer.V. in. v. 42, 0th. i. i. 40.
Moorditch : filthy stagnant ditch outside tlie city
walls, draining the swampy ground of Moorfields
1H4 I. ii. 88.
Moorfields: place outside Moorgate where the
city trainbands were exercised H8 v. iv. 34.
mop : grimace Tp. iv. i. 47 mop and mow ; also vbl.
sl». mopping Lr. iv. i. 62 mopping and mowing.
mope : to be in a state of bewilderment, go
about or act aimlessly Tp. v. i. 240 brought mnp-
viy hither, H5 iii. vii. 148 (see knowledge), Ham.
III. iv. 81. TJ A sense now confined to nortliern
dial.
moral sb. (both the foil, are rare)
1 hidden meaning Ado in. iv. 77 you have some m.
in this Benedictus, Shr. iv. iv. 79.
2 symbolical figure H5 ni. vi. 35.
moral adj. (3 cf. moral sb. 1)
1 enunciating moral precepts, moralizing Ado v. i.
30, Lr. IV. ii. 58 a m, fool ;so Adoi. iii. 13 to apply
a moral medicine to a mortifying mischief.
2 allegorical Tim. i. i. 91 moral paintings.
3 (of a meaning) hidden Ado in. iv. 78.
moral vb. : to moralize AYL. n. vii. 29.
moralize: to draw out the hidden meaning of,
morai.i:.x:b — i
(gen.) interpret, explain AYL. ii. i. 44 Dtd he not
m. litis spectacle ?, Siu'. iv. iv. 81, K3 iii. i. 83 / m.
two mcaninijs in one word, Lucr. 104 ; also inti%
Veil. 712 iliou hcnr'st nic hioralize.
moraller (S.) : moralizer Otli. ii. iii. 303.
niore :
1 of higher class, only in more and iess= persons of
all ranks 1M4 iv. iii. 68, Mac. v. iv. 13, Sonn.xcvi.3.
2 (with sbs. of quality, condition, or action)
greater in degree or extent Gent. v. iii. 3 A thou-
sand m. Mischances than this one, John ll. i. 34 To
make a more requital to your love, Cor.iii. ii. 124 it
IS ini) more dishonour,
more above: moreover Ham. ii. ii. 126.
moreover: with clause = besides {//(«/) Ham.ii.ii.2.
Morisco : morris-dancer (S.) 2H6 lu. i. 365.
morn : not used in prose.
morning': used as adj. connoting vaguely the
attributes possessed in the morning, or the fact
that niorning is the time referred to MXD. iv. i.
100 / do hear the m. lark, AYL. ii. vii. 146 the . . .
schoolboy loith his. . . shminy m, face, Ham. I. ii. 218
the morning cock crew load.
m.orris ', morris-dance: grotesque dance per-
formed by persons in costume, usually represent-
ing cliaracters from the Robin Hood legend
All'sW. II. ii. 2fi As fit as . . . a morris for ilaij-
daij, H5 II. iv. 25 A \YhitsHn morris-dance.
morris^: nine men's m., game played on a board
between two players, each with nine pebbles,
disks, pegs, or ' pins ' MND. ii. i. 98.
morris-pike : pike supposed to beof Moorish origin
Err. IV. iii. 27.
m.ort : note sounded on a horn at the death of the
deer Wint. i. ii. 119 The mart o' the deer.
mortal (the senses ' deadly, latal ' and ' subject to
death ' are the commonest in S.)
1 of or for death All's W. iii. vi. 81 mij m. prepara-
tion, Mac. IV. i. 100* mortal custom.
2 belonging to, or common to mankind, lumian Tp.
I. ii. 403 This ts no m. hiisnicss, K2 i. i. 177 m.
limes ( = lifetime of men), H5 iv. i. 262 m. griefs,
Mac. I. v. 3 m. hiouleehie.
3 (?) excessive, very great AYL. ii, iv. 55 m. in folly.
mortality (2 not pre-Eliz.)
1 human or mortal Hie Meas. iii. ii. 200, John v.
vii. 5, H5 I. ii. 28 brief m., Mac. ii. iii. 100.
2 death Meas. i. i. 44, iv. ii. 151, John iv. i 
