YALE
SHAKESPEARE
SUPPLEMENTS
YALE SHAKESPEARE SUPPLEMENTS
A. M. Nagler. Shakespeare's Stage
Helge Kokeritz. Shakespeare's Names:
A Pronouncing Dictionary
BY THE SAME AUTHOR:
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Shakespeare's Pronunciation
Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies,
Histories, & Tragedies. A facsimile edition.
OTHER PUBLISHERS
The Phonology of the Suffolk Dialect,
Descriptive and Historical
The Place-Names of the Isle of Wight
Mather Flint on Early Eighteenth-
Century English Pronunciation
A Guide to Chaucer's Pronunciation
LP PHONOGRAPH RECORDS
Shakespeare's Pronunciation
Beowulf and Chaucer (with John C. Pope)
SHAKESPEARE'S NAMES:
A PRONOUNCING
DICTIONARY
by HELGE KOKERITZ
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN, 1959
Set in Monotype Series 7 and 72,
and printed in Sweden by
Almqvist & Wiksells Boktryckeri AB,
Uppsala
All rights reserved. This book may not be
reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form
(except by reviewers for the public press),
without written permission from the publishers
Library of Congress catalog card
number: A 59-6798
PREFACE
Practical purposes have motivated the compilation of
this little manual, which in a sense supplements my
Shakespeare's Pronunciation, New Haven, Yale University
Press, 1953. The latter volume examined a few dozen
Shakespearean names of phonological interest but omitted
the rest as not falling properly within its field of inquiry.
Here therefore are all the proper names in Shakespeare's
works, alphabetically arranged and provided with pho-
netic transcriptions showing at a glance the pronunciation
of each, with particular attention to metrical variants.
The Elizabethan pronunciation of the names, if different
from present-day usage, has also been indicated through-
out. A book of this kind should, I trust, prove as helpful
for directors and actors as for teachers and students of
Shakespeare.
Professor Harold Orton of Leeds has gone through
the manuscript and made valuable suggestions, which
have been gratefully incorporated. With Dr. Olof von
Feilitzen of the Royal Library, Stockholm, I have had
the privilege of discussing the etymologies of some obscure
names, and Mr. Stanley Ellis, M.A., of Leeds has been
kind enough to find out for me the local pronunciation
of a Gloucestershire name. I thank them all for helping
me to make this book a reliable source of information.
H. K.
VI
CONTENTS
Preface v
Abbreviations ix
Phonetic Symbols xin
Introduction 1
Explanations 9
American Variants 13
Shakespearean Variants 16
Classical and Italian Names 19
French Names 23
Shakespeare's Names 27
ABBREVIATIONS
Works
AC Antony and Cleopatra
AW All's Well That Ends Well
AYL As You Like It
C Coriolanus
CE The Comedy of Errors
Cy Cymbeline
H Hamlet
1H4 First Part of Henry IV
2H4 Second Part of Henry IV
H5 Henry V
1H6 First Part of Henry VI
2H6 Second Part of Henry VI
3H6 Third Part of Henry VI
H8 Henry VIII
J King John
IX
JC Julius Caesar
L King Lear
LLL Love's Labour's Lost
M Macbeth
MA Much Ado about Nothing
MM Measure for Measure
MND A Midsummer Night's Dream
MV The Merchant of Venice
MWW The Merry Wives of Windsor
O Othello
P Pericles
R2 Richard II
R3 Richard III
RJ Romeo and Juliet
RL The Rape of Lucrece
T The Tempest
TA Titus Andronicus
TC Troilus and Cressida
TGV The Two Gentlemen of Verona
TmA Tim on of Athens
TN Twelfth Night
TNK The Two Noble Kinsmen
TS The Taming of the Shrew
VA Venus and Adonis
WT The Winter's Tale
Other
A American English
Br.E. British English
F First Folio
Fr (modern) French
G (modern) German
It (modern) Italian
L Latin
OED The Oxford English Dictionary
OFr Old French
ON Old Norse
PN Np The Place-Names of Northamptonshire 1
PN Wa The Place-Names of Warwickshire 1
PN YE The Place-Names of the East Riding of Yorkshire 1
pr. prologue or induction
Q First Quarto
Q2 Second Quarto
S Shakespeare (an)
Sc Scottish
SD stage direction
Sh.Pr. Kokeritz, Shakespeare's Pronunciation, New Ha-
ven, 1953
Sp (modern) Spanish
(2 x ), (3 x ), etc. after a name indicate the number of
times it occurs.
A colon between italicized words shows rhyme: be: me.
1 Published by the English Place -Name Society, Cambridge:
Vol. 10, 1933; 13, 1936; 14, 1937.
XI
PHONETIC SYMBOLS
Vowels and Diphthongs
[a] as in Fr patte [pat], G Mann [man], or It pasta
['pasta] 1
[a:] as in Fr art [a:r]
[a:] as in father ['fcr.&ar]
[ai] as i in like [laik]
[au] as ou in house [haus]
[se] as a in bad [baed]
[e] as e in bed [bed]
[e:] as a in G Trdne [W.na]
[ei] as a in take [teik]
1 Since these throe short o's are very similar, if not identical
(see e.g. Otto Jespersen, Lehrbuch der Phonetik, 2d ed. Leipzig
and Berlin, 1912, 9.93 f., and R. M. S. Heffner, General
Phonetics, Madison, Wise., 1952, pp. 102-3), they are transcribed
with the same phonetic symbol.
xm
[e] as e in Fr tit [ete]
[a] as a in about [a'baut], o in gallop ['glap]
[a:] as i'r in Br.E. bird [bard]
[ai] an [a] sound followed by nonsyllabic [i]
[au] an [a] sound followed by nonsyllabic [u]
[E] as in Fr dette [dct]
[E:] as in Fr mme [m:m]
[Ea] as ere in Br.E. there [SEa]
[i] as i and y in city ['siti] (see p. 14)
[i:] as ee in see [si:]
[ia] as ere Br.E. fore [hia]
[o] as o in Br.E. obey [o'bei]
[o:] as o in G Sohn [zo:n], Fr chose [Jo:z]
[ou] as o in go [gou], ow in know [nou]
[o] as o in both Br.E. and A hot [hot] (see p. 15)
[o:] as aw in law [lo:] 2
[0] as eu in Fr pew [p0]
[oe:] as eu in Fr peur [poe:r]
[u] as oo in good [gud]
[u:] as oo in moon [mu:n]
[A] as u in CM [kAt]
[y] as u in Fr due [dyk]
[b] as in bad [baed]
[d] as in day [dei]
[dg] as dg in ftridgre
[f] as in fee [fir]
1 [o] and [o:] will be used also for the Fr vowels in comme
[kom] and fort [fo:r] respectively.
XIV
[g] as in gay fgei]
[h] as in how [hau]
[hw] as wh in A when [hwen]
[j] as y in yes [jes]
[k] as in kin [kin]
[1] as in let [let]
[m] as in my [mai]
[n] as in name [neim]
[n] as ng in sing [sin]
[ji] as gn in Fr vigne [viji]
[p] as in paw [po:]
[r] as in ripe [raip], very [Veri] 3
[r] as in far [ia:r] (see p. 13)
[s] as in seal [si:l]
[J] as sh in ship [Jip]
[t] as in tea [ti:]
[tj] as ch in church [tfo:rtj]
[6] as t h in thin [0inJ
[6] as th in then [Sen]
[v] as in vat [vast]
[w] as in wwe [wain]
[x] as ch in G ac^ [ax], Sc Zoc/t [bx]
[z] as in zeaZ [zi:l]
[3] as s in pleasure ['plejar]
General Symbols
Optional sounds (e.g. as described on p. 12) are indicated
by italicized symbols.
['] before a syllable indicates strong (primary) stress.
3 I.o. as in either British or American English; [r] is also used
for the totally different Fr, It, and Sp r sounds.
XV
[J before a syllable indicates secondary stress.
[:] after a vowel indicates full length. 4
[(:)] after a vowel indicates vacillation in length (short-
long). 4
[] after a vowel indicates half length.
[J below Z, m, n means that the consonant is syllabic.
[~] above a vowel indicates nasalization, as in Fr on [5],
un [03], vin [VE].
(?) after a transcription indicates a hypothetical form.
For further discussion of the use of italics and parentheses
see p. 12 below.
4 For exceptions see p. 15.
XVI
INTRODUCTION
The object of this volume is to make available to the
general reader, and above all to teachers, students, and
actors, a reliable guide to the pronunciation of all the
proper names in Shakespeare's works, including his
poems as well as Pericles and The Two Noble Kinsmen.
It will show first of all how these names are commonly
pronounced today in both England and America and
how they should be pronounced at certain times in order
to comply with the rhythm of Shakespeare's verse, for
his usage was not always identical with ours. Moreover,
it will indicate the approximate pronunciation of the
names in Shakespeare's own day, as an aid to the student
of his language and prosody. Since the aim is purely
practical, the names have been arranged alphabetically,
and their prosodically and historically significant variants
which are all recorded here have as a rule been pro-
vided with precise references to act, scene, and line of the
1
respective play or plays, as well as with other pertinent
information when so required. Furthermore, several
names, mainly those which present problems of identi-
fication or have some special interest, have been dealt
with at some length in this introduction.
This is consequently a pronouncing dictionary record-
ing some 1800 names in Shakespeare's works. In the main
it follows the general arrangement of such well-known
handbooks as Daniel Jones, An English Pronouncing
Dictionary, and Kenyon-Knott, A Pronouncing Dic-
tionary of American English, which actually list a great
many Shakespearean names. But it differs from these by
its comprehensiveness, by its full treatment of metrical
and phonological variants, and by including in one volume
three types of pronunciation: British, American, and
Elizabethan. On the whole, the pronunciations shown
here agree with those of Jones, Kenyon-Knott, and others.
When, however, I have been driven by etymological or
phonological reasons to deviate from what may, rightly
or wrongly, be called the received pronunciation, the fact
has been duly noted at the entry in question. Yet many
names, mostly of foreign extraction or dubious prove-
nance, are unrecorded in the standard pronouncing dic-
tionaries, so that in such cases the author of a guide like
this is forced to suggest phonologically and metrically
justifiable pronunciations in the hope that they will not
violate any long-standing oral tradition.
Every name has its own history, it has become an
integral part of our whole cultural heritage, and its origin
and structure must therefore be closely examined be-
fore we can commend or reject a particular pronunciation.
The current stage pronunciations of names like Jaques
and Verges, namely ['d3eikwi(:)z] and ['v8:rd3i(:)z],
clearly show a break with Shakespeare's usage: the
contemporary form of Jaques would contain no [w],
while -es in both names would be sounded [is]; and the
Elizabethan actor and his audience knew that Verges was
the common colloquial form of verjuice, often spelled
verges, vergis, vergesse in the 16th and 17th centuries.
The present-day forms are comparatively recent spelling
pronunciations, probably dating back to the 18th
century. Thus it would be unwise to pay much heed to
the pronunciations used or recommended by modern
actors and actresses, for their ideas of "correctness" or
"effectiveness" are usually purely impressionistic and
without supporting linguistic evidence. An actor or
reciter or for that matter any reader of Shakespeare
is of course fully justified in regarding a certain pronun-
ciation as more beautiful or musical than another. But
if the " beautiful" or "musical" variant violates the sound
system of English or of the language from which the
name ultimately comes, if it ignores the exigencies of
Shakespeare's verse, or if it disregards significant phono-
logical facts, then it is nothing but a distortion and should
not be tolerated. 1 To accept the principle of the beautiful
1 Many fanciful pronunciations of this kind by prominent actors
and actresses of the past and present figure in Theodora Irvine,
A Pronouncing Dictionary of Shakespearean Proper Names (New
York, 1919, 2d ed. 1947), which fondly records them as if they
were nuggets of gold. In a recent college production of King Lear,
the actors had been coached by their student director to say
['reigan] for Regan because the name appears as Ragan in The
True Chronicle History of King Leir (1605), one of Shakespeare's
sources. In Holinshed, however, and in Spenser's Faerie Queene,
which Shakespeare also used, the name is Regan; and still earlier,
or musical impression as a guide to the pronunciation of
a name would be as unrealistic as, say, to recommend the
pronunciation ['ju:glai] for ugly because it might sound
less ugly than ['AgliJ. Indeed, no phonetically beautiful
or ugly words or names exist in any language; it is the
nonphonetic associations they evoke which may be pleas-
ant or unpleasant, gay or sad, refined or vulgar but
never the sound sequences themselves. When today, for
instance, we hear Henry pronounced ['henari] instead of
['henri], we immediately identify the former variant with
a certain social group; yet phonetically speaking, the sole
difference between the two is the medial [9] in ['henari],
which is certainly not an uneducated or vulgar sound in
itself. The irony of it is that we simply must use ['henarij
at times (see p. 58) in order to do justice to Shakespeare's
verse; to him, obviously, the trisyllabic form carried no
stigma of vulgarity. Or, to take another example, who
can decide whether [tai'temia] or [ti'tcr.nia] is the more
euphonious pronunciation of Titania1 Since the two
variants are equally acceptable, the choice between them
is entirely free, but it is not certain that the user's
preference will coincide with the hearer's. Thus when a
free choice exists between fully acceptable variants, the
whole problem becomes one of personal taste, and no
valid objection can be raised to the use of a particular
variant. But any deliberate distortion of a name or a
word on the assumption that artificiality is synonymous
in La^amon's Brut (13th century) we find both Ragau and Began.
Even if it could be proved that Shakespeare said ['rerganj for
Regan, there would be as little reason for retaining such a pronun-
ciation today as there would be for us to adopt his ['se:zar] instead
of present-day ['sirzar] (Caesar}.
with euphony or effectiveness should be branded as an
outrage upon the English language. 2
Here it may be appropriate to discuss briefly the
question to what extent the pronunciation of a foreign
name should be anglicized. English has for centuries
treated frequently used foreign names as if they were
native ones; or, to put it differently, English sounds
and often English stress usages have been substituted
for unfamiliar foreign ones. Such sound substitution is
the reason why Paris is ['pseris] today and not [pari],
Marseilles [marr'seilz] and not [marscrj], Quixote ['kwiksot]
rather than [ki'houti] (although the latter is apparently
preferred in America) or [ki'xote], Berlin [beir'lin] and
not [bsr'li:n], and so on. In some cases, earlier forms of
the foreign name still prevail in English, as in Leghorn
[']eg'ho:rn] for Livorno or old-fashioned ['kselis] for Calais
(cf. Shakespeare's Callis and the term callis-sand).
Similarly, until fairly recently, Latin was normally pro-
nounced in an English fashion, a practice that accounts
for such established pronunciations as Caesar, Darius,
Flavins, Ligarius, Titus. Indeed, this is a precedent well
worth following for Shakespearean names whenever
practicable, except possibly in the case of names of rare
or single occurrence, like Bourgogne (alongside of angli-
cized Burgundy), Foix, Guysors, and Lestrale; for most of
these, however, I have suggested anglicized pronuncia-
2 It is indeed irritating to hear e.g. Conrade, an early spelling of
Conrad, in Much Ado about Nothing twisted into a pseudo-
Spanish [kon'ra-.da], and Messina in the same play (5.4.128)
erroneously accented _: i_ because neither the director nor the
actor seemed to be aware that armed in that line ("And brought
with armed men back to Messina") is disyllabic ['arrmid].
tions. The fact that very often French and Italian names
are only partially anglicized has resulted in an incongruous
treatment of certain Italian final syllables as compared
with their direct Latin counterparts, e.g. -anio (L -anius),
-ano (L -anus), -ato (L -atus), and -ario (L -arius). Thus
we are accustomed to pronouncing Bassanio [bo'sarniou]
but Ascanius [ees'keinias], Gratiano [^rei/i'arnou] but
Coriolanus ^koria'leinas], Leonato [li(:)a'na:tou] but
Leonatus [li(:)o'neitas], and Bellario [ba'larriou] but
Belarius [bo'learios]. In other words, we use a pseudo-
Italian [a:] 3 in fact, almost the only " Italian" element
in any of these names where consistency would seem to
favor the same pronunciation as in the corresponding
Latin suffixes. Yet the practice appears to be so firmly
entrenched that it would be unrealistic even to suggest a
fully anglicized pronunciation of these and other Italian
names.
The pronunciation of several names cannot be deter-
mined with any degree of certainty. In such cases angli-
cization would, it seems, be the safest procedure. Take
for instance Amurath 2H4 5.2.48: the only thing we know
for certain about it is its stress on the first syllable, but
we cannot now tell whether in Shakespeare's time the
two a's were sounded [ae] or [a], though the former
appears the more likely alternative and is definitely
preferable to the current [a]. That [ae] should be used in
V aides P 4.1.97 is obvious also, but there is as little reason
for pronouncing its final -es [i:z] (on the analogy of
Hercules) as there is for doing so in Jaques and Verges.
V aides is surely not a Greek name: it has a Spanish flavor
3 The standard Italian vowel is, of course, [a:J.
6
and may actually refer to some contemporary pirate.
The final syllable should therefore be [is] or perhaps
[as] cf. the two alternate forms Veroles and Verollus.
Etymologically, the e in Sweno M 1.2.59, which is a
Scandinavian name (ON Sveinn, modern Swedish Sven),
should be [e], but [i:] seems an acceptable English
substitute for it. The same vowel may consequently be
used in Nedar MND 1.1.107, 4.1.133 as well as in Chetas
TC pr.16, whose initial ch, on the other hand, should be
fk] as in other anglicized Greek names. Favoring [o] in
Brocas R2 5.6.14 is the F spelling Broccas. Either fi] or
[ai] may be used in Sinel M 1.3.71 (a mistranscription of
original Finele), though its Scottish origin favors [i].
Kowter TN 2.5.135, the name of a dog, is usually given
with northern fu:] (cf. souter, OED), but since the word
was common all over England in Old and Middle English
times, we may well assume that it was indigenous to
southern England in Shakespeare's time and was therefore
pronounced ['sautar], giving ['sautar] today.
Undue regard for the spelling, on the other hand, has
resulted in ['keiplj for Capel RJ 5.1.18, 5.3.127, which,
since it is an apocopated metrical variant of Capulet,
should be pronounced ['kaepl] and not like the etymo-
logically unrelated surname Capel(l).
Three names are of particular interest because of the
problems of identification involved. The first is Chus MV
3.2.285, the name of a friend of Shylock's. Chus is clearly
a variant of Cusli, son of Ham (Genesis 10.6-8 and 1
Chronicles 1.8-10), 4 which actually appears as Xov$ in
the Greek text; since Greek # is regularly transliterated
4 In Genesis 10.2 and 1 Chronicles 1.5 we find Tubal, the name
of another friend of Shylock's, mentioned together with Chus.
ch in English, it is not surprising to find Chus for CusTi in
The Bishop's Bible of 1572, with which Shakespeare was
no doubt familiar; The Geneva Bible of 1560, however, has
Cush. For the ch of Chus [k] should be used, with u as
[A] or [u] unless the current form Cush fkA/] is preferred.
Swithold (spelled Swithald Q) in the incantation
recited by Edgar in L 3.4.125 is usually taken to be a
misprint for S. Withold, i.e. St. Withold. Since no St.
Withold is recorded elsewhere though we have evidence
of a Continental -Germanic name Witold commentators
have conjectured that Swithold is a corruption of St.
Vitalise but this is not very likely phonologicalJy. Dr.
Olof von Feilitzen has, however, called my attention to
the Old English name Swidweald in the Liber Vitae (ca.
800), whose first element is identical with that of Swithin:
in Middle English and early Modern English, Swidweald
would regularly appear as Swithold or Swithald. Such a
name may well have survived in an ancient charm of the
kind used by Edgar. Whatever the origin of Swithold or
St. Withold, the quality of its medial th is doubtful: it
may be [6], [6], or even [t], should the name be connected
with Germanic Witold or prove to be, after all, an angli-
cized form of Vitalis.
Woncot 2H4 5.1.42 has been identified with both
Woodmancote, a suburb of Dursley in Gloucestershire,
and Wilnecote in Warwickshire, which appears as Wincot
TS pr.2.23. Tending to favor Woodmancote are the facts
that the 2H4 passage mentions William Visor and Clement
Perkes and that families named Visor and Perkes actually
lived in that neighborhood in the 16th century. 5 Richard
5 For details see the Variorum Ed. t p. 392.
8
W. Huntley's statement 8 that in the 1860's Woodmancote
was still pronounced "Womcot" by common people
points to a pronunciation [Vomkat] or, more likely,
['umkat], although no such form is recognized there
today; according to Mr. Stanley Ellis of the University
of Leeds, the current local pronunciations are ['udman-
t kwat] and ['udma^kot]. Irrespective of whether Woncot
is identical with Woodmancote or Wilnecote, 7 the Shake-
spearean form suggests a pronunciation ['(w)unkat] or
['wonkat].
EXPLANATIONS
To the proper names included here, I have added an
occasional proper noun or adjective like Goth, Nemean.
Each is recorded only once, regardless of whether it is
borne by one or (as in the case of Henry) a dozen indivi-
duals, since obviously its frequency in Shakespeare does
not affect its pronunciation though its prosodic use
may at times do so (see e.g. Henry, which is sometimes
trisyllabic). No references have been given to the occur-
rence of a particular name in the text except when, say,
its number of syllables in a given line or the use of a
particular variant needs to be indicated: see such entries
as Abergavenny, Abraham, Ajax, Jaques. The precise
location of a name can be easily ascertained from Bartlett's
8 A Glossary of the Cotswold (Gloucestershire) Dialect (London,
1868), p. 22.
7 In my Shakespeare's Pronunciation (New Haven, 1953),
p. 215, 1 identify Woncot with Wilnecote and explain its o as a case
of rounding of i after w.
9
Concordance, with the exception of names appearing in
stage directions or in The Two Noble Kinsmen, which
are not recorded there.
As a rule, names are spelled in the way they appear
in modern Shakespeare editions; where some other form
has been preferred, the traditional one has usually also
been added with a reference to the former (see e.g.
Salanio). Variations in the F and Q spellings have been
noted only when they seem to be phonologically signi-
ficant, as in the case of Abergavenny p , Cophetua, Eleanor.
Obviously corrupt F spellings like Antenonidus for Anteno-
rides have been ignored. Identifications of unu sual name
forms have been provided within parentheses after the
main entry, as in Ciceter, Guynes, Wallon.
The line numbering is that of The Complete Works of
Shakespeare, edited by George Lyman Kittredge, 8 which
agrees closely with that of the Globe edition.
The phonetic alphabet used is the International
Phonetic Association (IPA) alphabet in its "brood" form
as successfully employed by Daniel Jones in An English
Pronouncing Dictionary. Its inherent simplicity and
small number of new and strange symbols make it very
easy for anyone to grasp quickly, while its largely
phonemic character makes it flexible enough to render
satisfactorily both British and American pronunciations,
as well as any differing Elizabethan ones, without adding
extra symbols. A key to the phonetic symbols appears on
pp. xni ff., and the principles followed in distinguishing
certain American and Elizabethan variants from the cor-
responding British forms are explained in full on pp.
13 ff. and 16 ff.
8 Boston, Ginn and Co., 1936.
10
Each entry consists of the name in its conventional
form followed by one or more phonetic transcriptions.
Transcriptions appearing without a preceding A or S
represent pronunciations common to modern British,
modern American, and Elizabethan English either
single pronunciations, as in the case of Adam and Elbe,
or variants, as for Agamemnon and Lucilius. Thus
Cromwell ['kromwal, 'krAm-, -wel] implies a choice of
four variants, namely ['kromwal, 'krAmwal, 'kromwel,
'krAmwelJ.
An A before a transcription indicates a deviating
pronunciation heard in present-day American English,
while an S designates a Shakespearean or Elizabethan
variant: see such entries as Blanch, Derby. If A or S is
followed by -f , the transcription indicates a variant in
American or Elizabethan English in addition to the ones
recorded before it: thus Alice ['aelis], S+ [aels] means that
besides f'aelis] Shakespeare used the syncopated variant
[aels]; and Asia ['eijd], A -f- ['ei3a], S ['e:Ja, 'e:Jie:] means
that the standard British pronunciation ['ei/a] may be
heard in American English as a variant of ['eisa] but that
['e:Ja, 'e:Jie:J were the regular disyllabic and trisyllabic
forms in Elizabethan English (this particular entry
specifies moreover the occurrence of the trisyllabic
variant).
L, Fr, It, Sp denote respectively variants in Latin
and in modern French, Italian, and Spanish: see e.g.
Aeacida, Artois, Gonzago, Adriano de Armado.
Instead of repeating the full transcription of a
name when only part of it differs in a variant, only the
syllable or syllables in question will usually be transcribed,
preceded and/or followed by a hyphen: see e.g. Acheron,
11
Apemantus, Caithness, Olendower. A hyphen is also used
occasionally to mark syllable division, as in Wiltshire.
Stress variants, without phonetic transcriptions, will be
shown in the traditional manner by an acute accent over
a dash for primary stress (-L) and a grave accent over a
dash for secondary stress (J_), as for Arviragus, Bal-
thazar, Bartholomew.
By italicizing certain symbols, mainly [r, , d, p, i,
u] (see below, p. 13), it has often been possible to combine
within one transcription both the British and the Ameri-
can pronunciation of a name, as well as common variants
of either; optional [j], [w], [1], prosodic [a] , and [:]
(length) as in Lucrece, Woncot, Aemilia, Walter, Viola
have instead been enclosed within parentheses. Thus an
entry like
Gerard 'd3era:rd, 'dgerod, d3a'ra:rd, S -ra:rd, Fr
3era:r
should be understood as follows: In both British and
American English there are two stress variants, one -L ,
the other -- '-\ moreover, in -rd the r is usually silent in
British English but pronounced in American, a fact
shown by the italicized r. The Shakespeare form differs
from both in the quality of its a [a:], while its precon-
sonantal r may perhaps still have been sounded (see
p. 17); the hyphen indicates that the first syllable of
the name is assumed to have been the same as in the
variants used today. The name appears twice in prose,
giving no clue to the incidence of stress, and once in
verse (AW 2.1.104), 9 where the stress seems to be -- L.
And the modern French form is
9 Since that line has only nine syllables, it should perhaps be
combined with the preceding short line of four syllables into one
12
Unstressed endings like -ia, -ian, -ean, -io, -eo, -ium,
ius, -eus may be monosyllabic or disyllabic, that is,
either [ja, jan, jou, jam, jas] or [ia, ian, iou, iam, ias] 10
or [Ja, 33, tja, dga], etc. through assibilation. In verse
the scansion of the line will generally suggest the variant
to be used, but in prose either will obviously do. Typical
instances are names like Aemilia, Charmian, Nemean,
Ariel, Juliet, Bassanio, Ilium, Claudius. If only [ja] is
given, as in Bohemia, only the monosyllabic variant of
such an ending has been recorded from Shakespeare; but
this transcription is of course not intended to preclude
the occurrence of disyllabic forms in [ia] elsewhere.
American Variants
Unless otherwise shown, the transcription of each entry
should be understood to represent the current British
and American pronunciation of that particular name.
This frequent conflation of the two principal phonetic
variants, British and American, has necessitated the use
of the italic symbol [r] to render the preconsonantal and
final r usually heard in American but not in British
English (as pointed out on p. xv, italicization of a
phonetic symbol indicates an optional sound). Thus
six-foot line with feminine ending: "I my good Lord, Gerard de
Narbon was my father."
10 There exists also a rising diphthong [ia] (monosyllabic) in
which [a] is the more sonorous element, but the difference between
this diphthong and [ja], though appreciable to the trained ear
(see e.g. Daniel Jones, An Outline of English Phonetics, 8th ed.
Cambridge, 1956, 466), is so subtle that we need not consider it
here.
13
Arthur ['a:r0ar] represents both British ['a:0a] and
American ['a(:)r6ar]. On the other hand, American
pronunciation ignores the glide [a] which appears finally
and before pronounced r in such British variants as Lear
[Ha], Ariel ['earial], Blackfriars ['blsek'fraiaz], correspond-
ing to American [lir], ['crial], [-'frairz]. In these and similar
cases, consequently, [ar] in Lear [liar], -friars [-'fraiarz]
and [ar] in Ariel ['earial] are to be interpreted as Ameri-
can [r].
When an entry contains a transcription preceded
by A, this transcription alone is the current American
variant, and what precedes it should be interpreted as
the corresponding British pronunciation. Such entries
are, however, very rare; a case in point is Curan. More
common are transcriptions preceded by A -\ - , e.g. Asia
['eija], A + ['eisa]; as explained on p. 11 above, such an
entry means that in addition to ['eija] one often hears
['6133] in American English. Also, names containing
stressed o(u)r and ore, e.g. Ford, Courtney, Shore, may be
heard with both [o:r] and, less commonly, [o:r] in Ame-
rican English, but only the former variant has been
recorded here; the latter was, however, characteristic of
Elizabethan English and will therefore appear as an N
variant. Similarly, final unstressed ~(e)y as in Fury,
Aubrey has been consistently rendered [i], even though
many Americans use [i:] here. 11
As in the broad form of the IPA alphabet, a colon
conventional length symbol is used to indicate a
qualitative rather than a quantitative difference between
11 But [i(:)] is used for the final -e of Greek and Latin names like
Hecate, Lethe, whenever there is vacillation in Br.K. between [i:]
and [i].
14
related vowels, as in Br.E. beat [bi:t] bit [bit], food
[fu:d] good [gud], caught [ko:tj cot [kot], and about
[a'baut] bird [ba:d]. In the same way the colon is used
for the ur(r) in the names Curan and Murray, which in
American English are pronounced with the vowel of fur,
that is [a:r], not [Ar] as in British English. Similarly, the
colon will be found within parentheses to render two
quantitatively different vowels, namely American [ae]
(as in bad, man) and the corresponding long vowel [sc:J
which was probably the sound of Elizabethan a before
[f, s, 0] in such names as Bergomask [-mse(:)sk], Falstaff
[-staj(:)f], and Castor ['kae(:)stor].
Note that the symbol [o] covers the qualitatively
different vowels of British and American got [got] in
British, [gat] in American English. Since short [o] does
not normally occur in American English, this rendering
is unambiguous; an entry like Bottom ['botomj is thus to
be understood as including the American pronunciation
['batam].
For those familiar with the modified narrow form
of the IPA alphabet as employed by Kenyon, 12 the follow-
ing correspondences between the broad form as applied
here to American English and the narrow one in Kenyon
may be helpful:
Broad Narrow Examples
[i] [i] bit [bit] [bit]
[i:] [i] beat [bi:t] [bit]
[e] [6] get [get] [get]
[ei] [e] gate [geit] [get]
18 J. S. Kenyon and T. A. Knott, A Pronouncing Dictionary of
American English, Springfield, Mass., 1955.
15
[a:] [a] calm [ka:m] [kam]
[ai] [ai] eye [ai] [ai]
[au] [au] how [hau] [hau]
[o] [a] got [got] [gatj
[o:] [o] law [lo:] [lo]
LOU] [o] go [gou] [go]
[u] [uj good [gud] Lgud]
[u:] [u] food [fu:d] [fud]
With a following r:
[ior] [IT] ear [iar] [ir]
[car] [er] air [cor] [er]
[aior] [air] hire [haior] [hair]
[auor] [aur] our [auor] [aur]
[uor] [ur] poor [puor] [pur]
[ar] [ar] acre ['eikorj ['ekorj
[o:r] [3r] err [a:r] [ar]
It is hoped that these conflations, which are meant
to simplify the transcriptions and make the entries less
unwieldy, will not inconvenience American users of the
book.
Shakespearean Variants
Transcriptions preceded by S are reconstructed pronun-
ciations postulated for Shakespeare's time. The absence
of S means that the Shakespearean form of the name in
question does not, so far as we know, differ from the
ones immediately preceding it, that is to say, the British
and American variants: see e.g. Adam, Helicon] an
16
italicized r, furthermore, may be assumed to have been
sounded, as in Bedford, Berg, Cornwall. For the meaning
of 8+ see p. 11 above.
These Shakespearean variants have been recon-
structed on the basis of the phonological evidence pre-
sented in my Shakespeare's Pronunciation, which actually
incorporates many of them as examples of various sound
developments. English pronunciation at the end of the
16th century was on the whole not very different from
present-day speech, even though individual words and
names may occasionally have differed a good deal from
what we are now accustomed to say or hear. Of particular
importance is the coalescence of ea in seal, a in sale, and
ai in sail as [e:] (approximately the long sound correspond-
ing to e in get), all pronounced [se:l] and so at that time
homophones, at any rate in the speech of upper-class
people. The diphthongs in like and house had not yet
reached the present stages [ai] and [au] but had as
their first element a vowel akin to [a] in bishop ['bijap] or
[A] in cut. They are therefore here rendered [ai] and
[au] respectively. On the other hand, modern [ei] in
tale, tail and [ou] in no, know were still monophthongs,
namely the long vowels [e:] and [o:]. It is almost impos-
sible to determine whether or not preconsonantal and
final r as in farm, far had ceased to be pronounced about
1600, and for that reason it has been shown here as fully
sounded; but see Shakespeare's Pronunciation, pp. 314 ff.
In order to limit as much as possible the number of
variant transcriptions, the Shakespearean reconstructions
of names containing modern [air], [ei], and [ou] which
aside from these sounds are identical with the present-
day forms have usually not been recorded here, since
17
these sounds correspond regularly to Elizabethan [a:r],
[e:], and [o:] respectively. Thus it will be easy for the
reader to deduce from modern Barnet ['bairnit], Bates
[beits], Echo ['ekou] the Shakespearean equivalents
['barrnit, berts, 'eko:].
The F and Q spellings are sometimes helpful in deter-
mining the contemporary pronunciation of names. Wit-
ness, e.g., Aburgany (Abergavenny), Alee, (Alice), Callis
(Calais), Cotsall (Cots wold), Daintry (Daventry), th'ar-
ganian (Hyrcanian), Kymmalton (Kimbolton); note also
Petruchio and Borachio, whose ch represents English [tj],
and Venti(d)gius with (d)g for English [dgj (see p. 22
and entries). From rhymes like Bianca : stay, Helena :
away, and Berowne : moone we learn that the final a of
Bianca, Helena, and other trisyllabic names ending in
a was [e:] under secondary stress, 13 and that the second
syllable of Berowne (Q, F; Biron, F2-4) was stressed and
pronounced with the [u:] of moon. In other cases the
rhythm of the verse line provides reliable clues to the
stress and number of syllables of a name: see such entries
as Andronicus, Barabbas, Chatillon, Lucrece, and Anjou,
Beatrice, Eleanor, Ravenspurgh. It is interesting to note
that not only Douglas and Henry could be trisyllabic if
the scansion so required, but also England and Ireland
(the latter with f 'oi-ar-j or ['oiro-]). The pun Jaques-jakes
AYL 3.3.74-5 reveals that Jaques was commonly mono-
syllabic, whereas the scansion of e.g. AYL 2.2.26 proves
that it had a metrical variant of two syllables. And in
13 See further my SJiakespeare* a Pronunciation, pp. 174 f. In
deference to Shakespeare's verse, the final a of such names as
Asia, Bianca, Helena when rhyming with words like away, day,
May should be pronounced [ei].
18
Richard Hodges, The English Primrose (1644), a spelling
book, we discover that e.g. Jesus was then pronounced
with [e:], not [i:] as today.
Where no phonological evidence of this kind is
available, the suggested Shakespearean form has had to
be reconstructed from its present-day equivalent with
due regard to the origin of the name (if known), to the
phonology of Elizabethan English in general, and to
the presumed contemporary Latin and French pronuncia-
tion. Nevertheless it is impossible to say whether Shake-
speare used [a:] or [ae:] for the a of names like Bassanio,
Gonzago, Montana, Pisanio, and Romano. For Quoint
B2 2.1.284 Holinshed has Coint; and since coint, like
quoint, is an early variant of quaint and the French name
is apparently derived from that adjective (OFr cointe
'elegant'), 14 the F editors or Shakespeare himself
seem to have identified Holinshed 's Coint with English
quoint, a spelling they preferred. Yet we do not know
how the name was then pronounced: [kaint] or [kwaint],
[koint] or fkwoint], perhaps even [kwe:nt], the Eliza-
bethan form of modern quaint.
Classical and Italian Names
The conflict between the conventional English pronun-
ciation of Latin and Greek and the reconstructed pro-
nunciation now commonly taught in America and
continental Europe is of little concern here. Nearly all
14 A. Dauznt, Les noms de famille de France (Paris, 1945),
p. 189.
19
classical names in Shakespeare and other authors have
for centuries been pronounced in an English fashion, and
there is no reason for breaking this long established tradi-
tion. Since Caesar will doubtless continue to be generally
pronounced ['si:zor] and not ['kaisar], which would be
the historically correct form, then Naso (LLL 4.2.127)
should certainly be ['neizou] and not ['ncr.sou] as is some-
times heard. Cains, however, appears to have acquired
a hybrid Latin-English pronunciation ['kaias] in Britain,
whereas American ['keiasj accords better with the usual
manner of pronouncing Latin ai\ Shakespeare may there-
fore have said ['ke:8s]. On the other hand, neither
['kaias] nor ['keias] is to be used to render the name of
the French physician in MWW, Dr. Caius. Like the
name of the founder of Caius College, Cambridge, this
Caius is merely a fanciful Latin respelling of Keys, and
it should consequently be pronounced [ki:z] today. 15
While in Shakespeare Philippi is always stressed
'. as in Latin and never J. as in Greek, a
few other classical names deviate from Latin or Greek
accentuation. Thus Andronicus is always stressed
'. , Arviragus J '. , Posthumus almost
consistently 1 (possibly _ Cy 1.1.41,
3.4.251, and 4.2.320, which are all difficult to scan), and
Euphrates -L 1_ (it occurs only once). Lepidus is
j. , except possibly at JC 3.2.269 (perhaps prose)
and AC 2.1.14, where a pause after "hearts" will restore
the normal accentuation. Only by disregarding the iambic
rhythm can we fit the classical accentuation of Rhodope
16 See rny article, "Punning Names in Shakespeare", Modern
Language Notes, 65 (1950), 240 f.
20
(1H6 1.6.22) and Dercetas (AC 5.1.5), that is [ro'doupi:]
and ['da:rsitas], into the pentameter line. The scansion
shows that Rhodope should be metrically stressed J. i_
and probably pronounced ['rodo?^pi:] 5 16 whereas Dercetas
seems to be stressed 1 , unless "I am" in the
preceding "I am call'd" is to be contracted to I'm, with
metrically stressed /; if we follow the text, however,
metrically stressing both "I" and "call'd", the name will
have to be pronounced [dar'siitas]. Nor can the original
Greek stress be retained in Toryne [to'raini:], which
according to North's Plutarch (1579) was pronounced like
the Greek noun roQvvrj, hence concealing an ancient pun.
The name of the Albanian city of Toryne appears twice
in AC, namely at 3.7.24 (here spelled Troine, an obvious
error for Torine) and 3.7.56, where the scansion reveals
it to be a disyllabic stressed on the first syllable; never-
theless it is impossible to say for certain whether we
should pronounce it ['torin, 'torain] or ['touriu, 'tourainj.
In Hecate the final e is always silent except once (1H6
3.2.64), and the same vacillation is characteristic of
Andromache and Mytilene. Pantheon, occurring twice in
Shakespeare, appears to be stressed in two ways (as it is
today): at TA 1.1.242 the stress falls on the first syllable,
but at TA 1.1.333 on the second. If, however, the were
inserted before "Pantheon" 17 in the latter line ("Ascend,
fair queen, Pantheon"), the accentuation would be the
same as in 1. 242 a plausible emendation in view of
the original Greek form, ndvOetov, though the existence
18 Webster's New International Dictionary (2d ed.) accents the
zoological term Rhodope in this way.
17 Cf. J. C. Maxwell, ed., Titus Andronicus (Arden Ed. London,
1953), p. 19.
21
of the Latin variant Pantheum (which may have prompted
Dr. Johnson's accentuation '. ) could have pro-
duced the same stress in Shakespeare's time. 18 The Q, F
spelling Pathan (1. 242) must be a misprint for Panthean
as used in 1. 333 (Q, F).
Occasional F spellings like Capuchins H8 4.2.110
and Venti(d)gius TmA 1.2.9, 3.3.3, 8 point to [tj] in the
former and [dg] in the latter. Also, in those days the
Greek ending -es was pronounced [e:z].
In the pronunciation of Italian names we observe
the practice of rendering stressed Italian [a:] by English
[a:] in names like Bassanio, Gonzago, Montana, Bellario,
Cesario, etc.; indeed, this vowel is virtually the only
Italian coloring given to the names in question. Since
Shakespeare's spelling is at times phonetic (cf. Capuchins,
Ventidgius above), Italian [t:J] 19 appears as English ch
in Petruchio and Borachio, which should therefore be
pronounced fpi'tru:tj(j)ou, -iou] and [bott'raitjiou] and
not with [-kiou] as is often erroneously done. The treat-
ment of the initial / in lachimo and lago is strangely
inconsistent. In both, / represents J: lachimo is a variant
spelling of Italian Giachimo or Giacomo, lago is Spanish
Jago or lago (as in Santiago). The fact that lachimo is
always trisyllabic in Shakespeare favors the modern
spelling Jachimo and the pronunciation [^aekimou] with
the possible variant ['d3(i:kimou]; the regular British
form [ai'flckimou] is metrically and phonologically un-
satisfactory, logo, on the other hand, which should be
18 Bailey's Dictionary of 1728 indicates the stress on the first
syllable (OED).
19 Petruchio and Borachio contain the Italian suffixes -uccio and
-occio.
22
['ja:gou] 2 or ['dseigou], is always trisyllabic in Shake-
speare (except at O 5.2.154), a circumstance suggesting
that Shakespeare himself used to pronounce its initial /
as [i], which may easily have become [j] at 5.2.154,
where the name is disyllabic. For Stephana, which is
normally stressed J. , the meter may seem to
indicate the accentuation '. (and the consequent
pronunciation [ste'fainou]) at MV 5.1.28, 51, but neither
line becomes rhythmically unmanageable by the retention
of the normal stress -L
French Names
French names are treated even more erratically in English
than Italian ones. Some have become fully anglicized but
others only partially so compare e.g. Paris and Anjou,
Arjincoiirt and Gerard. In Shakespeare's day anglicization
had no doubt gone much further, as may be inferred from
occasional spellings and the scansion of certain lines. Thus
CJwtillon, spelled Chatillion J 1.1.1, 50, etc. and always
stressed '. , cannot have had the modern French
pronunciation [Jatijo] but was probably pronounced
fjo'til(j)on] or [Jae'til(j)an]; some such form should there-
fore be used today so as to retain the rhythm of the
pentameter lino. Spellings like Callis (Calais), Marcellus
(Marseilles), Grand Free and Grand Prie (Grandpre),
Lavatch (Lavache) and Foyes (Foix) corroborate this
20 According to Professor Harold Orton, this is now the general
pronunciation, though it does not as yet appear in any pronouncing
dictionary.
23
natural tendency in the language. So does Pistol's
Signieur Dew (Seigneur Dieu), which itself suggests the
pronunciation [fju:] for the second syllable of Lafeu,
whose La- probably stands for [la] (le). Nevertheless,
16th-century French pronunciation was not exactly the
same as today in all instances. As late as 1530 John
Palsgrave recommended the use of [oi] for French oi y
though this by the end of the century had become [we]
when final; 21 perhaps a diphthong of this type or the like
will explain the inverted spelling Poictiers for Pathay
1H6 4.1.19. In any case, Shakespeare's rhyme destroy:
pardonne moy R2 5.3.119-20, as well as Pistol's mis-
understanding of French moi as moy H5 4.4.12, 23, per-
mits us to postulate [oi] for his period in all French
names ending in oy, ois, or oix. Even at the beginning of
the 17th century some French grammarians insisted on
the pronunciation of the final consonant in -ois and -oix,
a fact that will explain the [z] not only in Amiens, Mar-
seilles, but also in Artois, Blois, Bois, and others; the
Elizabethans may have used it also in Chartreux, whereas
Bordeaux appears to have had a vulgar pronunciation
['bairdaks]. The scansion of the line "0 Lymoges,
Austria, thou dost shame" (J 3.1.114) is very trouble-
some unless we assume that Shakespeare pronounced
Lymoges as a trisyllable ['limo:d3is], in which case we
obtain a pentameter line with a "tumbling" caesura in
the fourth foot: "Aus|tria, || th6u|"; the alternative would
be a headless line with the first two metrical stresses on
"0 Lymoges" and Lymoges pronounced either [li'mo^]
or [li'mordsis] (today [Ii'mou3] or [li'moudsis]). Finally
21 A. Ewert, The French Language (London, 1933), p. 62.
24
we may note that the modern form Bretagne occurs
nowhere in Shakespeare; instead we find in F Britaine
and Britaigne (always disyllabic) as well as Britianie
(3H6 4.6.97, 101, trisyllabic). Since Britai(g)ne was pro-
nounced ['britan], modernization to Bretagne or Britanny
cannot fail to violate the rhythm.
25
SHAKESPEARE'S NAMES
Aaron 'earan, S 'c:raii
Abel eibl
Abergavenny ^barga'veni, ^bar'geni
The second variant should be used H8 1.1.211,
1.2.137 as shown by the scansion and the F spelling
Aburgany.
Abhorson ab'ho:rsan
Abraham 'eibrahsem, 'eibram, S 'eibrahaem, 'e:bram
The disyllabic form should be used R3 4.3.38, MV
1.3.73 (spelled Abram in the latter instance).
Absyrtus ob'so:rtos
Academe ^ka'diim
Acheron 'aekaron, -ran
Achilles a'kiliiz, S a'kile:z
Achitophel a'kita ( fel
Actaeon sek'ti:an, S sek'te:an
27
Actiuxn 'sektiam, 'sekjiam, 'sokjjam
Disyllabic AC 3.7.52.
Adallas a'dselas
Adam 'sedam
Adonis a'dounis, 8 a'doinis
Adrian 'eidrian, S 'e:drian
Adriana ^idri'arna, - sena, -'eina, S ( e:dri'aB(:)nd
Adriano de Arznado ( eidri'a:nou da a:r'ma:dou, Sp
adri'ano 6e ar'ma5o
Adriatic eidri ' aetik
Aeacida, -des ir'sesido, -di:z, S ei'seside:, -de:z, L
ai'akida, -de:s
Aegeon i:'d3i(:)an, S c:'d3i:an
Aegle 'irgli:, S 'ergli:
Aexnilia i(:)'milia, -Ijo, 8 e(:)'milio, -Ija
Aemilius i(:)'mili9s, -Ijas, S e(:)'miljas
Aeneas i(:) l ni(:)aes, -as, S e(:)'ne:ae8
Aeolus 'i(:)olas, -alas, S 'e:alas
Perhaps disyllabic ['i:las] 2H6 3.2.92.
Aesculapius ^iskju'leipjas, -pias, A ^^skja'leipias, 8
Aeson 'i:son, S 'e:son
Aesop 'i:sDp, S 'e:sop
Aetna 'etna
Afric 'sefrik
Africa 'sefrika, S+ 'aefrike:
Agamemnon ^ga'memnan, -non
Agenor a'd3i:no:r
Agincourt 'sedjinkoirt
Agrippa a'gripa
Aguecheek 'eigju^Jiik, S 'eigi.tfiik
Ajax 'eid3fieks, 8 'e:d3e:ks, 'e
28
The pun Ajax-a jakes LLL 5.2.579-81 favors the
former S variant, as does the fact that the second a
in Ajax was originally long (L Aidx); see Sh.Pr.,
p. 177.
Alanson, see Alenqon
Alarbus o'lcr.rbos
Alban 'o(:)lbon
Albany 'o(:)lboni, 'selbani
Probably disyllabic ['oilbni] L 1.1.67.
Albion 'a3lbjon, -ion, S 'aelbjon, -ion
Trisyllabic H5 3.5.14, 3H6 3.3.49, L 3.2.91.
Alcibiades ^Isi'baiodhz, S ( 8elsi'boi(o)de:z
Probably four syllables TmA 1.1.250, 5.1.206.
Alcides ail'saidiiz, S flel'soiderz
Alecto o'lektou
Alengon o'lenson, -son, Fr aldso
The regular F spelling Alanson points to S [o'lsen-
san].
Aleppo o'lepou
Alexander ( aelig'za:nder, -'zaen-, 8 t aeli^'z8e(:)ndor
Alisander LLL 5.2.567 etc. represents a variant
without [g] which survived into the 18th century.
Alexandria ^lig'zaindrio, -'zam-, S I 8elig l zse(:)ndrie:
Alexas o'leksos
Alice 'selis, 8 + aels
Spelled Alee TS pr.2.112; see Sh.Pr., p. 285.
Aliena ( eili'i:no
Alonso o'lonzou
Alphonso sel'fonzou, -sou
Althaea 8el'0i:a, S acl'Gera
Alton ' o:l tan
Azna(i)xnon o'meimon, S 8'me:mon
29
America a'merika, 8+ o'merike:
Amiens 'semiaiiz, 8 'aemjanz, Fr amJE
Axnphimachus aem'fimakas
Ampthill 'aemtal
Axnurath (see p. 6) ^mu'rat, 'semu^set
Amyntas o mintas
Anchises am'kaisr.z, a^n-, 8 a 4 n'koise:z
Ancus 'serjkas
Andren 'aendron
Andrew 'sendni:
Andromache am'dromoki
Apparently trisyllabic TC 5.3.84, with mute final e ,
[sen'dromak].
Andronicus, -i (see p. 20) a^n dronikos, -isai, 8 -isai
Angelicaa^ii 'djeliko, 8 aen'd golike:
Angelo 'acndsilou
Angiers 'send^iarz, 8+ asii^iirz
Stressed L J2.1.1.
Angus 'seqgas
Anjou 'sendsu:, 0:7/311:, 8 'tcnc^u:, senV^u:, Fr 0311
Stressed _ -L 1H6 5.3.95, 2H6 4.1.80.
Anna 'sena
Anne am
Anselme 'aenselm
Antenor aen'tiinoir, -nar
Antenorides ^nti'noridiiz, S -de:z
Anthony 'sentani, 'aenOani, 8 'aentani
Antiates 'aenjicits, 8 'senjie:ts
Apparently disyllabic C 1.6.59, unless the line is an
alexandrine.
Antigonus sen'tiganas
Antioch 'sentiok, -tjok
30
Antiochus aen'taiakas, S 8en'tai(a)kas
Trisyllabic P 1.3.20, 3.pr.25.
Antiopa aen'taiapa, S aen'taiape:
Antipholus an'tifalas
Antiuzxi 'aenjiam, S "aenjam
Antoniad aen'touniaed
Antonio aen'touniou, -njou
Antonius aen'tounias, -njas
Antony, see Anthony
Apemantus ^pi'maentas, -pa-
Apollo a'polou
Apollodorus a t pola'do:ras
Aquilon 'aekwilon
Aquitaine ^kwi'tein, S ( sckwi'tc:n
Arabia o'reibja, -bia, S a're:bja, -bie:
Aragon 'acragan
Arc a:rk
Areas 'a:rkas
Archelaus ^irki'leias, S ^irki'leias
Archibald 'airt/i.boild, -bald
Archidamus jQrrki'deiinas, S ( a:rki'de:inas
Arcite 'arrsait, S 'airsait
Arde (Ardres) a:rd
Ardea 'airdia, S *a:rdja
Arden 'a:rdi^
Argier a:r'd3iar, S a:r'
Argus 'arrgas
Ariacnne ^ri'
Ariel 'earial, A + 'eirial, 'aer-, S 'errial, -rjal
Aries 'ear(i)i:z, 'aer(i)i:z, S 'e:r(j)e:z
Arion a'raian, S a'raian
Aristotle 'aeristotl, A 'aera^totl
31
Armado, see Adriano de Armado
Arxnagnac 'airmanjsek, Fr armajiak
Armenia a:r'mi:nia, -nja, S air'minja, -nie:
Artemidorus ^rtami'dorras
Artesius air'ti^as, -zjas
Arthur 'a:r6ar, S a:rtar
Artois a:/ two:, S a(:)r'toiz, Fr artwa
Arundel Wandl
Arviragus air'virogas, S ^irvi'reigas
Stressed J L _ Cy 3.3.96, 5.5.359.
Asaph 'sesef, 'aezaf, 'eisaf
Ascanius ses'keinias, -njas
Asher House 'sejar 'haus, S 'ajjar 'hous
Ashford 'ae/fard
Asia 'eija, A + 'ei3a, S 'e:/9, 'c:Jie:
Trisyllabic AC 1.2.105, CE 1.1.134, 2H4 2.4.178
(where it rhymes with day and hence should end in
[-iei]) see p. 18, n. 13.
Asxnath 'aezmaB
Assyrian o'sirian, S Q ' sir j an
Astraea aes'tri:a, S ses'treio
Atalanta ^to'lacnte
Ate 'eiti, 'a:ti, S 'e:ti
Athens 'aeOinz
Athol 'seOal
Atlas 'aetbs
Atropos 'aetropos, -tra-
Aubrey 'orbri
Audrey 'o:dri
Aufidius or'fidias, S+ o:'fidjas
August 'orgast
Augustus o:'gAstas
32
Aulis 'o:lis
Aumerle o:'ma:rl
Aurora o:'ro:ra, 8 o:'ro:ra
Austria 'orstria, 8+ 'o:stric:
Autoly cue o : ' tolikas
Auvergne ou'vearn, -Va:rn, $ o:'ve:rn, Fr o-verji
Babylon 'baebilan
Bacchus 'baekas
Bagot 'baegat
Bajazet i baed3a l zet
Balthazar ^aelOa'za:/*, bsel'Oaezar
Stressed J L CE 5.1.223, KJ 5.1.12, perhaps
_ _L _ CE 3.1.19, 22.
Banbury 'baenbari
Bangor 'baerigar, A + 'bserjgoir
Banister 'baenistar
Banquo 'baeqkwou
Baptista baap'tista
Bar ba:r
Barabbas 'basrabas, -bacs
The scansion and the F spelling Barrabas MV
4.1.296 show this to be the S pronunciation, not
[ba'raebas], which is invariable today in British and
American English.
Barbara "ba:rbara, -bra, 8 'barrbari, -bri
The F spelling Barbarie O 4.3.26, 33 reflects the
popular form of the name in the 16th century.
Barbary 'bcurbari
Barbason 'ba:rbasan
33
Bardolph 'bairdolf, S 'bairdolf, 'ba:rdl
Spelled Bardol 1H4 2.4.329.
Bargulus 'ba:rgjulas, 8 'bairgelas
Barkloughly bairk'louli, S barrk'lorli
Holinshed's Barclowlie, which S took over, is an
error for Herttowli, now Harlech in North Wales.
Barnardine 'bairno^diin, S 'ba:rnar ( di:n
Possibly stressed L _ MM 4.2.68.
Barnes ba:rnz
Barnet 'ba:rnit
Barson 'ba:rsn
Barson 2H4 5.3.94 is probably to be identified with
Barston, Warwickshire, for which see PN Wa, p. 55.
Bartholomew ba:r'6ol9mju:, S 'barrtolmju:
Spelled Bartholmew TS pr. 1.105, where clearly
stressed J. 1_.
Basan 'beisaen
Basilisco .baezi'liskou
Basixnecu ^aezima'kju:, ( bei-
Rendered bus mine cue 2H6 4.7.31 Q, for which see
Sh.Pr., pp. 69 f .
Basingstoke 'beizirjstouk, S 'be:zinsto:k
Bassanio ba'sarniou, -njou
It is impossible to determine whether the second a
was [a:], [ae:], or [e:] in S, where the name is always
trisyllabic.
Basset 'baesit
Bassianus .baesi'einas
Bates belts
Baynard's Castle 'beinardz 'ka:sl, A, S 'k8e(:)sl
Bayonne bei'on, 8 be:'on, Fr bajon
Bead bird, 8 be:d
34
Beatrice 'biatris, S+ 'br.tris, 'betris
Disyllabic Beatrice MA 3.1.21, 24, 37, 43 may have
had [i:] or [e] in the first syllable; see Sh.Pr., p. 287.
Beau, see Le Beau
Beaufort 'boufart, S 'bo:fart, -fard
Consistently spelled Beauford in F.
Beaumond 'boumand
Beaumont 'boumant, -mont
Perhaps stressed L H5 3.5.44, 4.8.105.
Bedford 'bedfard
Bedlam 'bedlam
Beelzebub bi(:)'elzibAb, 8 'belzibAb
Spelled Belzebub M 2.3.4, TN 5.1.291.
Bel beil, 8 be:l
Belarius (see p. 6) ba'learias, be-, A -f -'laer-, -'leir-, 8
ba'leirjas
Belch beUJ
Belgia 'belds^a, $4- 'beldsie:
Bellario (see p. 6) be'la:riou, ba-, -rjou
Bellona ba'louna, be-
Belxnan 'belman
Benedick 'benidik
Benedictus ^eni'diktas
Bennet 'benit
Bentii 'benjiai, 8 'benjiai
Bentivolii ^enti'vouliai, ^Sf -Vo:liai
Benvolio ben'vouliou, -Ijou
Bergamo 'barrgamou, 8 'ba:rgamo:, 'ba:r-
Bergomask 'barrgamarsk, A, 8 -mse(:)sk
Spelled Burgomaske MND 5.1.368, for which see
Sh.Pr., p. 252.
Berkeley 'bairkli, A 'ba:rkli, 8 'bairkli
35
Bermoothes bar'muiSaz
Bermoothes T 1.2.229 is clearly a phonetic rendering
of Sp Bermudez.
Bernardo bar'na:rdou
Berowne, see Biron
Berry 'beri
Bertram 'bairtram, S-\- 'barrtram
Berwick 'berik
The F spellings Barwick(e) 2H6 2.1.83, 159, 3H6
2.5.128 may indicate a pronunciation ['bserik] or
['barik].
Bess bes
Bessy 'besi
Best best
Bevis 'bevis, 'biivis
Bezonian bi'zounjan, -man
Bianca bi'aerjka, S+ bi'aerjker, 'bjseijka
Disyllabic TS 2.1.346.
Bigot 'bigot
Biondello ( bi(:)on'(lelou
Birnazn 'bairnam
Biron bi'rurn
Spelled Berowne Q, F and rhyming with moone
LLL 4.3.230-2.
Blackfriars 'blsek'fraiarz, S -'frai(a)rz
Blackheath 'blsek'hiiO, 8 -'Ae(:)0
Blackmere 'blsekmior, S -mi:r, -mar
Blanc, see Port le Blanc
Blanch bla:n*J, A, S blse(:)n*J
Blithild 'bli&ild, 'bli6ild
Blois blwa:, S bloiz, Fr blwa
Blount, see Blunt
36
Blumer, see Bulmer
Blunt bL\nt
Boar's Head 'bo:rz 'hed, S 'botrz 'Aed, 'Aid
Bocchus 'bokos
Bohemia (see p. 13) bow'hirmja, S bo(:)'Ai:mjo
Bohun bu:n
Bois boiz, Fr bwa
Bolingbroke 'bolirjbruk, 'buliqbruk, S 'bulinbruk
Spelled Bullingbrook(e), Bullinbrook(e) R2 1.1.124,
2.2.60, 62, etc.
Bona 'bound
Bonville 'bonvil
Borachio (see p. 22) bow'ra:tjiou, S bo(:)'ra:tjior,
bo'rsetjio:
Bordeaux bo:r'dou, Fr bordo
Spelled Burde(a)ux and always stressed J. in S.
The popular (vulgar) pronunciation may have been
['borrdaks]; see Sh.Pr., p. 338, n. 1.
Boreas 'bo(:)riaBS
Bosworth Field 'bozwa(:)r0 'fi:ld
Bottom 'botom
Bouciqualt 'bu:siko:lt, Fr busiko
Boult boult
Bourbon 'buarbon, -bon, Fr burbo
Bourchier 'bautjar, S 'bautjar
Bourgogne (see also Burgundy) Fr burgoji
Boyet boi'et, Fr bwaje
Brabant bra'bsent, 8 'brsebant
Always stressed J. in S.
Brabantio bra'baenjou
Brabbler 'brseblor
Bracy 'breisi
37
Brain(e)ford, see Brentford
Brakenbury 'braekanbari
Brandon 'braendan
Brecknock 'breknak
Brentford 'brentfard, S 'bre:nfard
Always spelled Brain(e)ford in S, and still pro-
nounced ['breinfad] locally.
Bretagne (see also Britaigne) Fr brataji
This modern form occurs nowhere in S; see p. 25.
Breton 'bretan, S 'britan
Always spelled Brit(t)aine in S (R3 4.3.40, 4.4.523,
5.3.317, 333).
Briareus brai'earias, S brai'eirias
Bridgenorth 'bridsnoirO
Bridget 'bridgit
Bristol 'bristl, S+ 'bristo:
The F spelling Bristow represents the old form of
the name.
Britai(g)ne (Bretagne) 'britan, 'britn
This is the regular F spelling; see p. 25.
Britain 'britan, 'britiji
Briton 'britan, 'britfl
Brittany 'britani
Appears only 3H6 2.6.97, 4.6.97, 101.
Brocas 'brokas, 'broukas, S 'brokas
Spelled Broccas R2 5.6.14; see p. 7.
Brook bruk
Brundusium brAn'dju^iam, -ziam, A 4- -'du:-
Brutus 'brutas
The L vocative Brute JC 3.1.77 is ['bruiti] or
['bru:te].
Buckingham 'bAkiqam, A 'bAkiq^sem, S 'bAkinam
38
Bucklersbury
BuU bul
BuUcalf 'bul.kcr.f, A, S -,k8e(:)f
Bullen 'bulin
Bullingbroke, see Bolingbroke
Bulzner 'bulmor
Burgh ba:rg
Burgundy 'bairgondi, 8 'ba:rgan(d)i
Spelled Burgundy, Burgonie (9x) and Burgogne
H5 5.2.7, but always trisyllabic.
Burton 'bairtn
Burton-heath 'bairtn 'hi:6, S '^e:0
Bury St. Edmunds 'beri si^t'edmandz, A seint
Bushy 'buji
Butcher 'but Jar
Butler 'bAtlar
Butts bAts
Byzantium bai'zsentiom, bi-, -njiam
Cade keid, S ke:d
Cadmus 'kaedmos
Cadwal 'kaedwo:!
Cadwallader kaed'wo(:)bd9r
Caelius 'siiljds, -ids, S 'se:lJ9s
Caesar 'si:zar, S 'seizar
Caesarion si(:)'zearian, S se(:)'ze:rJ8n
Cain kein, S ke:n
Caithness 'keiOnes
Caius (Roman name; see p. 20) 'kaias, A 'keias, 8
'ke:os
39
Caius (Dr., MWW; see p. 20) ki:z, S ke:z
Calaber 'kaelabar
Calais 'kselei, 'kaeli(s), S 'kaelis, Fr kale
Spelled Callis, Callice e.g. J 3.3.73, R2 1.1.126.
Galcbas 'kselkas
Caliban 'kaelibaen, -ben
Galipolis ka'lipalis
Calpurnia ksel'pairnia, -nja
Invariably spelled Calphurnia in S.
Galydon 'keelidan, -don
Carnbio 'kaBmbiou, -bjou
Cambria 'ksembria
Cambridge 'keimbrid3
Caxnbyses koem'baisiiz, >S r ksem'baiserz
Caxnelot 'ksemilot
Gamillo ka'milou
Cazxipeius ksem'piras, S kajm'pe:as
Candy 'ksendi
Canidius ka'iiidias, S + ka'nidjas
Canon Street 'kamaii 'stri:t
Canterbury 'kaentorbori, -bri, -beri, A + - t beri
Gapaneus ^aepa'nirds
Capel (see also Capulet and p. 7) 'kaepl
Caper 'keipar
Capet 'keipit, 'ksepit, S 'ksepit, Fr kape
Gapbis 'keif is
Gapilet 'ksepilit, -lot
Capitol 'kaepitl
Cappadocia ^sepa'dousio, -sja, -Ja, S ^sepa'doi/a
Capucius (see p. 22) ka'pjujas, S ka'pju:tjas
Capulet 'ksepjulit, 'ksepjalat, S 'ksepilit, -alet
See further Sh.Pr., p. 282.
40
Car ka:r
Carlisle kair'lail, 8 ka:r'lail
Carnarvonshire kar'nairvanjiar, -Jar
Carthage 'ka:r6id3, S 'ka:r6id3, -tids
Casca 'kaeska
Cassado ka'sa:dou
Cassandra ka'saendra
Cassibelan kae'sibalan
Cassio 'kaesiou, 'kaej(j)ou
Castor 'kaistar, A, S 'kse(:)stor
Catalan ka'teian, S k9*te:an
Catesby 'keitsbi, S 'ke:tsbi
Trisyllabic R3 3.1.157 and 3.7.83, perhaps to be
pronounced ['kaetizbi].
Catling 'ksetlirj, S 'ksetlin
Cato 'keitou, S 'kerto:
Caucasus 'ko:kdS9s
Cawdor 'kordar
Cedius 'sirdias, -djas
Celia 'sirlia, -Ija, S 'si:lie:, -Ija
Censorinus ^ensa'rainas, S -'roinos
Centaur 'sentoir
Cerberus 'sa:rbaras, -bras
Ceres 'siarirz, S 'se:re:z
Cerimon 'serimon
Cesario sa'za:riou, -jou, 8 sa'zc:rio:, -*za:rjo:
Cham ksem
Champagne Jaem'pein, S Jsem'pe-.n, Fr Jd-paji
Charbon 'J a:f bon, S '/a:rbon, Fr Jarb5
Charing Cross 'tJaBriq, 'tjearin, 'kros, A + 'kro:s
Charlemain 'ja:rla'mein, A - ( mein
Charles tjairlz
41
Charmian 'karrmian, -mjan, 't/a:r-
Charolois (Charolais) 'jaeraloiz, Fr Jarole
Charon 'kearan, S 'keiran
Gharthazn (in Kent) 'tfa:rtam, S 'tja:rtam
F (2H6 4.2.92) has Chartam, but Q has Chattam
(also SD), which most eds. identify with Chatham]
see, however, Arden Ed., p. 112.
Chartreux Jair'tra:, S 'Ja:rtru:(z), Fr Jartro
Stressed J. in S.
Charybdis ka'ribdis
Chatham 'tjsetam, A -f 'tjaet/tsem
ChatiUon S Ja'til(j)on, Jcc'tilon, -lJ9n, Fr Jatijo
Always stressed i in S; see p. 23.
Cheapside 'tfiip'said, S 'tJe:pWd
Chertsey 't/9:rtsi, S 'tja:rfsi
Chester 'tjestor
Chetas (see p. 7) 'kiitos
Childeric 'tjildorik
Chiron 'kaioron, -an, S 'kairon
Chitopher 'tjitafar, 'kit-
Christopher 'kristofar
Christopher o kris'tofarou
Chus (see p. 7) kAS, kus
Cicely 'sisali, S 'sisli
Disyllabic CE 3.1.31, TS pr.2.91.
Cicero 'sisarou
Ciceter (now Cirencester) 'sisitar
Cilicia sai'lijia, si'li/ja, -sia, -sja, S sai'li/(j)a
Cimber 'simbar
Cinna 'sina
Cinque-ports 'sirjk'poirts
Circe 'sa:rsi(:)
42
Clare klcar, 8 kle:r
Clarence 'klserans
Claribel 'klsei^bel, -ri-
Claudio 'klordiou, -djou
Claudius 'kloidias, -djos
Cleitus 'klaitas, S 'klaitos
Spelled Clytus H5 4.7.41, 48.
Clement 'klemant
Cleomenes kli(:)'omini:z, S -ne:z
Cleon 'kliion
Cleopatra klio'pa:tr9, klia-, -'psetro, -'pcitre, S -'pe:tra,
-'psetro
Clifford 'klifard
Clifton 'klifton, -ti^
Clitus 'klaitas, S 'kbitos
Cloten 'kloutij, S "kloti^
Spelled Clotten Cy 3.4.136; see also Sh.Pr., p. 71.
Clothair 'kloutear, -Oear, S 'klo:te:r, -6e:r
Glotharius klo^'tsarias, -jas, -'Gear-, S klo(:)'te:rJ8S,
-'0e:rjas
Clowder 'klaudar, S 'klaudar
Gneius (or Gnaeua) 'ni:as, S 'ne:as
Cnidus 'naidas, S 'naidas
Cobhaxn 'kobam
Cobweb 'kobweb
Cocytus koi^'saitaS) S ko(:)'s9it98
Coeur de Lion ^arrda'lro:??, -'li:oq, -'liian, -'li:on, Fr
kcerdaljS
Colbrand 'koulbraend
Colchis 'kolkis, 'koltjis
Goldspur 'kould^parr
Colebrook 'koulbruk
43
ColeviUe 'koulvil, 8 'ko:l(a)vil
Trisyllabic 2H4 4.3.79.
Gollatine 'kolatain, S -tain
Collatinus ^ola'tainas, 8 -'tainas
Collatium ko'lei/am, S ko'le:Jam
Golxnekill 'koumkil, S 'ko:mkil
Colossus ka'losas
Comagene ( konia'd3i:ni, S 'komedjiin
The F spelling Comageat AC 3.6.74 is probably
an error for Comagean or Comagena (as in Plutarch);
the name seems to be trisyllabic here.
Comfect 'kAmfit, 'kom-
Comfect MA 4. 1.3 IS is merely a fanciful spelling of
comfit.
Cominius ka'minjas, -nias
Conrade (see p. 5, n. 2) 'konraxl
Constance 'konstans
Constantino 'konstantain, -ti:n, S -tain, -ti:n
Constantinople t konstaenti'noupl
Cophetua kow'fetjua, -t/ua
Trisyllabic in S, and spelled Couitha F, Couetua Q,
2H4 5.3.106, which point to [vj for ph and [a] for
ua> thus [ko(:)Veta] or [ko(:)'vi(:)ta].
Cophil, see Button Coldfield
Copperspur 'kopar ( spa:r
Corambus ko^'rsembas, ka-
Gordelia ko:r'di:lja, -lia, S -Ija, -lie:
Always trisyllabic, except possibly at L 5.3.271.
Gorin 'korin, A + 'koirin
Corinth 'korinO, A + 'ko:rin6
Corinthian ka'rinOian
Coriolanus ^oria'leinas, S ^orja'leinas, ( koria-
44
Usually four syllables, except at C 3.1.59, 280,
4.5.13, 132, 5.6.89, where five syllables.
Gorioli ko'riali, A ka'raia,lai
Whether three syllables (C 1.8.8, 1.9.76, etc.) or
four syllables (C 1.9.52, 5.6.90, etc.), it is always
stressed on the second syllable. The regular F
spelling Corioles, with the sporadic variants Carioles,
Coriolus, Corialus, points to S [ka'rai(a)las].
Cornelia korr'nirlia, -Ija, S -lie:, -Ija
Cornelius ko:r'ni:ljas
Cornwall 'korrnwal, -wo:l
Cosmo 'kozmou
Cotswold 'kotswould, S 'kotsal(d)
Spelled Cotsall MWW 1.1.192, Cotshold R2 2.3.9;
see Sh.Pr., pp. 40, 329.
Cotus 'koutas
Counter-gate 'kauntar t gcit, S 'kountor ( ge:t
Courtney 'koirtni, 6^4- 'ko:rtni
Coventry 'kovantri
['kAvantriJ is a very common spelling pronunciation
in England and America.
Crab krseb
Cranmer 'krsenmar
Crassus 'kraesas
Creon 'kri(:)on
Cressid 'kresid
Cressida 'kresida, S+ 'kreside:
Creasy 'kresi
Crete kri:t
Crispian 'krispian
Crispianus ^rispi'einas
Crispin 'krispin
45
Croxner 'kroumar
Cromwell 'kromwal, 'krAm-, -wel
Crosby (Place) 'krozbi, 'krosbi (pleis), A + 'kroiz-
Cross kros, A kro:s
Cumberland 'kAmbarland
Cupid 'kju:pid
Curan 'kAran, A 'ka:ran
Curio 'kjuariou, 8 'kjutrio:
Curtal 'karrtl
Curtis 'kairtis
Cut kAt
Cyclops 'saiklops, S 'saiklops
Cydnus 'sidnas
Cymbeline 'simbili:n, -bal-
Cynthia 'sinOje, -Oia
Always disyllabic in S.
Cyprus 'saipras, S 'saipras
Cyrus 'saiaras, S 'sairas
Cytberea i si0a l ri(:)a
Daedalus 'diidalas, 'dedolas, S 'de(:)dalas
Dagonet 'daegonet, -anit
Daintry, see Daventry
Dalmatian dael'meijian, S daerme:Jian
Three syllables Cy 3.1.74, four Cy 3.7.3.
Damascus da'maeskas
Damon 'deimon, -man, S 'deimon
Daniel 'daenjal, S+ 'dsenial, 'daenal
Apparently both trisyllabic and disyllabic at MV
4.1.333; for the variant ['daenal] see Sh.Pr., pp. 289 f .
Danskers 'daenskarz
Daphne 'dsefni
46
Dardan 'dairdan
Dardanian dair'deinjan, 8 da:r'de:njan
Dardanius dair'deinias, -njas, 8 da:r'de:njas
Darius da'raias, S da'raias
Dartford 'da:rtfard
Datchet-lane 'daetjit'lein
Datchet-mead 'dsetjit'miid, S -'me:d
Dauphin 'do:fin, S 'dolfin, Fr dofe
Spelled Dolphin 1H6 1.1.92 etc., Daulphin J 3.1.311,
representing an earlier form of the name; see
Dauphin, OED.
Daventry 'dsevantri, 'deintri, S 'derntri
Spelled Daintry 3H6 5.1.6; see Sh.Pr., p. 326, and
PN Np, pp. 18 f.
Davy 'deivi
Deborah 'debora
Decius 'diijias, -J(j)as
Deep- vow 'diipvau, 8 -vou
Deiphohus d i : ' if abas
Delabreth ^clo'breO, -'bret
De la Car ^ela'kair
De la Pole ^leb'poul, S ( del3'pu:l
See further Sh.Pr., pp. 135 f.
Delay di'lei
Delphos 'delfas
Demetrius di'mi:trias
Denmark 'denma:rk
Dennis 'den is
Denny 'deni
Derby 'dairbi, A 'do:rbi, S 'dairbi
Dercetas 'da:rsitas, ^Sf d9(:)r'si:tos
Probably stressed 1 AC 5.1.5; see p. 21.
47
Desdemona ( dezdi ' mouna
Deucalion dju(:)'keilian, -Ijan, A + du:-, S -'ke:ljan
Devonshire 'devnjiar, -Jar
Dian 'daian, S 'daian
Diana dai'ama, S dai'sena
Dick dik
Dickon 'dikan
Dicky 'diki
Dictynna dik'tina
Dido 'daidou, S 'daido:
Dieu (see p. 24) S dju:, Fr dj0
Dighton 'daitn, S 'daiti^
Diomed 'daiamed, -omed, S 'daiamed
Occasionally disyllabic (with loss of the medial [a]),
e.g. TC 5.2.137.
Diomede 'daiami:d, S 'daiame:d
Diomedes ( daia'ini:di:z, S ^aia'meideiz
Dion 'daian, S 'daian
Dionyza ^aia'naiza, 8 ( daia'naiza
Dis dis
Disdain dis'dein
Dizie 'dizi
Dobbin 'dobin
Dogberry 'dogberi, A 'dog.beri, -bari
Doit doit, S dait
Dolabella ^ola'bela
DoU dol
Dolphin 'dolfin
Doznbledon 'dAmbldan
Domitius do'mijias, da-, 8 do'mijas
Trisyllabic in S.
Donalbain 'donlbein
48
Doncaster 'dogkastar
Dorcas 'doirkas, -kaes
Doreus 'do:rias
Doricles 'dorikliiz, S -kleiz
Dorset 'dorrsit
Dorsetshire 'dorrsitjior, -Jar
Double dAbl
Dooble 2H4 3.2.45, 58 may indicate a dialectal
pronunciation [dubl],
Douglas 'dAglas
Apparently trisyllabic ['dAgalas] 1H4 5.2.33.
Dover 'douvar
Downs daunz, 8 daunz
Dowsabel 'dausabel, S 'dausabel
Dromio 'droumiou, -mjou, S 'drormio:, -mjo:
Dropheir 'drop 'ear
Drum drAm
Du Champ dju'(t)Jaemp, A 4- du-, Fr dyjd
DuU dAl
Dumain dju(:)'mein, A+ du-, S -'me:n
Dumh dAm
Duncan 'dAijkon
Dunsinane ^Ansi'nein, S ^Ansi'nern
Apparently stressed '. M 4.1.93.
Dunsxnore 'dAnzmo:r
Dunstable 'dAnstobl
Eastcheap 'i:sftji:p, S 'e:sft/e:p
Echo 'ekou
Eden 'i:dn, S+ 'e:dn
Edgar 'edgar
49
Edmund 'edmand
Edward 'edward
Egeon, see Aegeon
Egeus i(:)'d3i(:)as, 8 e(:)'d3i:as
Eglamour 'eglamuor, -moar, -mo:r
Egypt 'iidgipt, 8 'eidsipt
Elbe elb
Elbow 'clbou
Eleanor, Elinor 'elinor, 8 + 'elnar
The latter variant 2H6 1.3.150, 2.1.169 (both spelled
Elnor Q), 2.2.38, 2.3.1, 15, 40.
Elephant 'elifaiit
Elizabeth i'lizaboO
Ellen 'elon
Elsinore ^Isi'noir, A 'elso^ioir
Eltham 'eltam, -6am, S 'eltam
The F spelling is Eltam, e.g. 1H6 1.1.170.
Ely 'i:li
Elysium i'liziam, -319^1
Emilia i'milio, -Ija, 8 e(:)'milja, -lie:
Emily 'emili
Emmanuel i'nia^njuol
Enceladus en'seladas
Endymion en'dimian
England 'irjgbnd
Perhaps trisyllabic ['irjgalond] R2 4.1.17; see p. 18.
Enobarb 'irna^arrb, 'ena-
Enobarbus ^no'bairbos, ena-
Ephesian
Ephesus 'efisas
Epicurean
Epicurus t epi'kjuor8s
50
Epidamnum ^pi'dsemnam
Epidaurus ( epi'do:ras
Epistrophus i'pistrafas
Ercles 'arrklaz, -li:z, S 'arrklaz, -lc:z, 'airklaz
Bottom's pronunciation of Hercules MND 1.2.31.
Erebus 'eribas
Ermengare 'airman^cr.r^d)
The name (H5 1.2.82) should end in -ard, and the
above form is therefore probably an e : d misprint.
Eros 'iaros, 'eros
Erpingham 'a:rpirjam, ^ha^m, 'a:rp-, $ 'airpinam, -
Escalus 'eskabs
Escanes 'esko^iiiz, *
Essex 'esiks
Ethiop 'i:0iop, 'iOjop, *S^ 'e:6iop, -jop
Etna 'etna
Eton 'i:tn
Euphrates ju:'freiti:z, S 'ju:frate:z
AC 1.2.105, where it should today be pronounced
['ju:frati:z].
Euphronius ju(:)'frounias, S -'fro:nias, -njas
Euriphile juo'rifili:
Europa jua'roupa
Europe 'juarop, S 'ju:rop
Evans 'evanz
Eve i:v
Exeter 'eksatar
Exton 'ekstan
Fabian 'feibian
Falstaff 'fo:lsta:f, A, S 'fo:lsta3(:)f
Fang fa3q
51
Far, see La Far
Fastolfe 'fsestolf
Fauconberg 'fo:kanba:rg, Fr fokober
The name appears as Faulconbridye H5 3.5.44,
4.8.104.
Faulconbridge 'fo:(l)kanbrid3
Faustus 'fo.'stas
Feeble fi:bl
Fenton 'fentan
Fer, see Le Fer
Ferdinand 'fa:rdinand, A 'foirdi^aend
Ferrara fa'ra:ra, S fa'ra:ro, -'reiro, ft fer'raira
Ferrers 'ferarz
Feste 'festi
Fidele fi'di:li
File faif
Finsbury 'finzbari, -bri
Fish Street 'fif 'stri:t
FitzTxrater fits 'wo: tar, A 'f its ( wo: tar
The name is a variant of Fitzwalter, now usually
pronounced with [1].
Flaminius fla'minias
Flanders 'fla:ndarz, A, S 'flai(:)ndarz
Flavina fla'vi:na
Flavius 'fleivias, -jas, S 'fle:vjas
Fleance 'fli:ans
Fleet fli:t
Fleming 'flemir), S 'flemin
Flibbertigibbet 'flibarti'dsibit
Flint Castle 'flint 'ka:sl, A 9 S 'kee(:)sl
Flora 'flo:ra, S *flo:ra
Florence 'florans, A + 'flo:rans
52
Florentine 'florantain, A l flo:ran,ti:n, S -ti:n
Florentius flo(:)'renjas
Florizel 'florizel, A + 'floir^zel
Fluellen flu(:)'elin
Flute flu:t
Foix S foiz, Fr fwa
Spelled Foyes H5 4.8.104.
Fontibell 'fonti.bel
Ford fo:rd, S fo:rd
Forres 'foris, A + 'foiris
Forrest 'forist, A -f 'fo:rist
Forthright 'fo:r8rait, S 'fo:r6roit
The F form Forthlight MM 4.3.17 is clearly an error.
Fortinbras 'forrtinbraes
Foyes, see Foix
France fra:ns, A, S frse(:)ns
Frances, Francis 'frainsis, A, S 'fr8e(:)nsis
Francisca fraen'siska
Francisco frsen'siskou
Frank frseqk
Frankfort 'frseqkfart, -fo:rt
Frateretto t f raeta 'retou
Frederick 'fred(a)rik
Trisyllabic AYL 1.2.245, disyllabic AYL 5.4.160.
Freetown 'friitaun, S 'frhtaun
Friz friz
Frogrnore 'frogmo:r
Froissart 'froisarrt, Fr frwasa:r
Froth fro(:)0
Fulvia 'fAlvio, -vjo
Furnival
Fury
53
Gabriel 'geibrial, S 'ge:bral
Spelled Gabrel TS 4.1.136; see Sh.Pr., p. 289.
Gadshill 'gaedzhil, A 'gaxiz^il
Galathe 'gaebOi(:)
Galen 'geilin, -an, S 'geilan
Gallia 'gselia, S+ 'gaelJ9
Mainly disyllabic in S.
Gallian 'gselian, S 'gaeljan
Galloway 'gselowei
Gallus 'gselas
Gam gaem
Ganymede 'gsenimixl, *S-4- 'gacnimed
The F spelling Ganimed AYL (8 x ) may indicate the
latter variant.
Gardiner 'gci:rdnor
Gargantua gair'gientjuo, -tjuo
Gargrave ' ga : rgrei v
Garter Inn *ga:rtar 'in
Gascony 'gseskani
Gaul go:l
Gaultier 'gout jar, S 'go:tjar, Fr go-tje
Gaultree 'go:(l)tri(:)
This is the forest of Galtres (spelled Gttaltrcc 2H4
4.1.2) in Yorkshire, a name locally pronounced
['go:trizj.
Gaunt go:nt
Gawsey 'go:zi, 'go:si
Genoa 'djenowa, S+ '
Geoffrey ^efri
George d3o:rd3, 8+
Gerard 'd3era:rd, Veered, d3e > ra:7*d, S -rarrd, Fr
3era:r
54
Germany 'd^'.rmQni, S+ 'd^
Gertrude 'go:rtru:d
The regular Ql spelling Gertred may indicate a
pronunciation ['ga:rtrod] or ['ga:rtred], and so
probably do the Q2 spellings Gertra(r)d.
Gilbert 'gilbart
Gilliams 'giljamz
Gillian ^ilian, -Ijan, 'gil-
Ginn d3in
Giraldo d3i'ra3ldou
Glamis gla:mz, S+ 'glamis
The name is disyllabic M 1.5.15, 55, 2.2.42, 3.1.1,
but may be either monosyllabic or disyllabic else-
where in M.
Glansdale 'glsenzdeil, -dl
Glendower 'glendauor, glen'dauar, S -dour, -do:r
Disyllabic and stressed J. R2 3.1.43 (spelled
Glendor Q), 1H4 1.3.117, 295, 3.1.78, 87, 4.4.16,
5.5.40, 2H6 2.2.41; trisyllabic and stressed JL _ A.
1H4 3.1.3; otherwise disyllabic in verse and stressed
Gloucester 'glostar, A + 'gloistor
Gloucestershire 'glostarjor, -Jtor, ^4 4- 'glots-
Gnaeus, see Cneius
Goffe gof, A go:f, 8 go(:)f
Golgotha 'golgaOa
Goliath, -ases go'laiaO, -osiz, S -'idiaO
Goneril "gonaril
Gonzago gen'zaigou, It gon'dzaigo
Gonzalo g9n'za:lou
Stressed J. '_ T 5.1.68, unless that line has only
four feet.
55
Goodman 'gudman
Goodrig 'gudrig
Goodwin(s) 'gudwin(z)
Gorboduc 'go:rbadAk
Gorgon 'gorrgan
Goth goO, A + go:8, S go:t
See Sh.Pr., pp. 109, 234, 320.
Gower gauar, 8 gaur, go:r (?)
Grandpre grsend'prei, S graend'pri:, Fr grapre
Spelled Grand Free and Grandpree, H5 F, Gran Prie
H5 4.8.104 Q.
Gratiano ^reiji'arnou, A ^rseji'ainou, ,gra:-
Gratii 'greijiai, S 'grer/iai
Gray's Inn 'greiz 'in
Graymalkin grei'maclkin, -'morlkin, S gre:'mo:(l)kin,
-'maelkin
Greece gri:s
Green gri:n
Greenwich. 'grinid3, 'gren-, A 'gri:nwitj, 'grenitj
Gregory 'greg8ri, S 'greg(8)ri
Gremio 'gri:miou, -mjou, 'gremiou
Grey grei
Griffith 'grifiO
Grindstone 'grain^stoun, S 'grainsto-.n, 'grinstoii
Grissel 'grisal
Grnznio 'gruimiou, -mjou
Guiana gi'arna, A y 8 gi'8e(:)na
Guichard 'gitjard, Fr gi/air
Guiderius gwi'diarios, -rjas
Guienne gi'en
Guildenstern 'gildanstairn, S-\- -sta:rn
Guildford gilfard
56
Guildhall gild'ho:!
Guiltian 'giljian, 'giltian
Guinover 'g(w)inavar
The same name as Guinivere ['g(w)iniviar].
Gurney 'ga:rni
Guy gai, S gai
Guynes (Guinea) gi:n, Fr gin
Guysors (Gisors) d3i'zo:r(z), Fr gizoir
The S spelling, unless due to false analogy, suggests
[g-].
Hacket 'haekit
Hagar 'heiga:r, S 'hergarr
Hal ha3l
Hallcan 'ha:fka?n, A, S 'haefrjfkam
Half-moon 'ha:f'mu:n, A, S 'h8e(:)f'mu:n
Hames Castle (Ham, on the Somme) 'hsBinz, 'heimz
'karsl, S 'he:mz 'kseisl, Fr am
Hamlet 'haemlit
Hampton 'haemptan
Hannibal 'hsenibal
Harcourt 'harrkart, -ko:7*t
Harfleur 'harrflair, Fr arfloe:r
The consistent F spelling Harflew may indicate
that the final syllable was pronounced [flu:] in
Shakespeare's time.
Ha'rford-west, see Haverford-west
Harpier 'harrpiar, S 'ha:rp(j)ar
M 4.1.3, perhaps an error for harpy.
Harry 'hseri
Harvey 'ha:rvi
Hastings 'heistinz, 8 'he:stinz
57
Hatf ield 'hsetf i :ld , 8 -f i ( : )ld
Haverford-west 'haevarfard 'west, S 'hairfard 'west
Spelled Harford-west R3 4.5.10 Q.
Hecate 'hekati(:), S 'hekit
Always disyllabic in S, except at 1H6 3.2.64.
Hector 'hektar
Hecuba 'hekjuba, S+ 'hekjube:
Helen 'helm
Helena 'helina, $-f 'heline:
Helenas 'helinas
Helias 'hiilias
Helicanus ^eli'keinas
Helicon 'helikan, -kon
Hellespont 'helispont
Henry 'henri, S+ 'henari
The trisyllabic variant occurs e.g. 1H6 2.5.82,
R3 2.3.16. Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth were pronounced
[fift], [sikst], [e:t] respectively cf. the F spellings
Fift, Sixt, Eight.
Hen ton 'hen ton
Herbert 'harrbart, S -f 'ha:rbart
Hercules 'ha:rkjuli:z, S 'ha:rkale:z, 'hair-
Sec also Ercles above, a variant used by Bottom
MND 1.2.31,42.
Hereford 'herifard, S+ 'ha:rfdrd
Disyllabic at R2 1.1.3, 1.2.53, etc., and often spelled
Herford.
Herefordshire 'herifordjiar, -Jar, S 'ha:rfardji:r
Hermes 'ha:rmi:z, S 'ha:rme:z
Hermia 'ha:rmia, S 'ha:rmie:, -ja
Hermione ha:r'maiani, S -'mai(a)ni
Trisyllabic WT 1.2.173, 5.3.28.
58
Herne ha:rn
The syllabic Her- of the last four names may have
been pronounced [ha:r] by Shakespeare and his
fellow actors.
Hero 'hiarou, S 'hi:ro:
Herod 'herad
Hesperia hes'piaria, S hi'spiirie:
SpeUed Hisperia AYL 2.2.10.
Hesperides hes'peridirz, 8 hes'periderz
Hesperus 'hesparas
Hiexns 'haiamz, 8 'haiamz
Hinckley 'hirjkli
Hipp arc hus hi'parrkas
Hippocrates hi'pokrati:z, 8 -te:z
Hippolyta hi'polita, S+ hi 'polite:
Hiren 'haiaran, S 'hairan
See Sh.Pr., pp. 114 f.
Hirtius 'hair/as
Hob hob
Hobbididence ( hobi'(lidans
Hobgoblin 'hob ( goblin, S hob'goblin
Holborn 'houbarn
Holland 'holand
Holxnedon 'houmdan
The place is now called Humbleton Hill', there is no
clue to Shakespeare's pronunciation of Holmedon
except that the name was disyllabic.
Holofernes ^olo'fairniiz, 8+ -'fa:rne:z
Hood hud
Hopdance 'hopda:ns, A, 8 -dse(:)ns
Hopkins 'hopkinz
Horace 'horas, -ris, A + 'ho:ris
59
Horatio ho'reijiou, -J(j)ou, S ho'ro:Jo:
Horner 'ho:rnar, S+ 'ha:rnar
Hortensio hoir'tensiou, -njiou, -njjou, S -n/o:, -njio:,
-nsio:
The name has both three and four syllables in S.
Hortensius ho:r'tensias, -nsjas, -njjas
HoBtilius hos'tilias
Hotspur 'hotspair, A - t spa:r
Hour, Hower auar, S our, o:r
Hubert 'hju:ba(:)rt
Hugh hju:
Hume hju:m
Humphrey 'hAmfri
Hungary 'hAijgari
Hungerford 'liAQgarfard
Huntingdon 'hAntiqdan, S 'hAntndon
Hybla 'haibla, S 'hoibla
Hydra 'haidra, S 'hoidro
Hymen 'haimen, -mon, S 'haiman
Hymenaeus ) haim9'ni:9s, S ( h9ima'ne:9s
Hyperion hai'piarian, -per-, 8 hai'pe(:)rion, -jan
Hyrcan 'ha:rkan
Hyrcania(n) ha:r'keinia(n), -nja(n), S (h)ar'ke:nja(n)
The Q spelling th'arganian H 2.2.472 may indicate
that the first syllable was pronounced [(h)ar-j.
lachimo ai'sekimou, A 'jaiki^ou, S 'jsekimo:, '
kimo:
The name is always trisyllabic in S; see p. 22.
lago (see p. 22) i'a:gou, S i'a:go:
Always trisyllabic, except perhaps at O 5.2.154.
60
Icarus 'aikaras, 'ikaras, S 'oi-, 'i-
Iceland 'aisland, S 'aisland
Iden 'aidn, S aidn
Ilion 'ailian, -Ijan, 'ilian, S 'ai-, 'i-
niuzn 'ailiam, -Ijam, 'iliam, S 'si-, 'i-
niyria i'liria, S i'lirie:, -rja
Imogen 'imow^en, 'imadsan, S-\ -
Inch(colm) 'in^J(kom)
Ind(e) ind, aind, S ind, aind
The second variant LLL 4.3.222, AYL 3.2.93.
India 'indjo, -ia
Indies 'indiz
Inverness invar 'nes
lo 'aiou, S 'aio:
lonia(n) ai'ounia, -njan, S ai'oinie:, -njan
Ipswich 'ipswitj
The local pronunciation is ['ipsids], which S may
have used.
Iras 'aioras, S 'airas
Ireland 'aiarland, S 'ai(a)rland, 'aira-
The name is trisyllabic H8 3.2.260; see p. 18.
Iris 'aiaris, S 'airis
Isabel 'izabel, S+ 'izbal
SpeUed Isbel(l) AW 1.3.20, 25, 3.2.13, 15 and so
pronounced MM 2.2.68, 2.4.144, 5.1.435.
Iscariot is'kaeriat
Isidore 'izido:r, 'isi-
Isis 'aisis, S 'aisis
Isle of Man 'ail av 'msen, S ail
Israel 'izreial, S 'izre:al
Italy 'itali
Ithaca 'iOaka, S+ 'i0ake:
61
Jack
Jacob
James dgeimz
Jazny 'dseimi, S 'd3e(:)mi
See 8h.Pr., p. 186.
Jane
Janus
Japhet 'dgeifet, S '
Jaquenetta
Jaques d3eiks, dsseks, S dseiks, 'dserkis, Fr 3a:k
The name is disyllabic ['dseikis] AW 3.4.4, 3.5.98,
AYL 2.2.26, LLL 2.1.42 but can be either monosyl-
labic or disyllabic AW 3.5.37, AYL 2.1.41, 43, 54,
5.4.200, H5 3.5.43. There is no authority for the
allegedly Shakespearean pronunciation [*d3eikwi(:)z]
(see Sh.Pr., p. 330), nor should any [w] be sounded
in Jaquenetta above. See also pp. 3, 18.
Jason 'dgeisn
Jenny *d3eni, S 'd^im
Spelled Ginyes (Jenny's) MWW 4.1.64.
Jephthah 'dsefGa, A + 'dsepOa, S dsefto
Spelled Jephta H 2.2.422, 429.
Jeronimy dsa'ronimi
Jerusalem d3d'ru:salam
Jessica ^esika, $4- ^esike:
Jesu 'd3i:zju:, A + d^i:su:
Jesus 'dgiizas
Jesu(s) may have been pronounced with [e:] in
Shakespeare's time; see p. 19.
Jezebel
JiU dsil
Joan d 301111
62
Job d3oub, 8
John dson
Joseph 'd3ouzif
Joshua 'dsojwe, -fua
Jourdain
Spelled Jordan(e) 2H6 1.2.75 (verse, stressed L),
1.4.13 (prose).
Jove d3ouv
Judas 'd3u:das
Jude
Jug
Jule
Julia '
Juliet 'd3u:ljat, -Hot
The trisyllabic variant is found only four times, at
RJ 3.1. 118, 5.3.73, 101,302.
Julie tta d3u:l'jeta
Julio 'd3ii:ljou
Julius 'd3u:ljas
July d3u(:)'lai, 8 'd3ii:tai
Stressed JL. - H8 1.1.154, WT 1.2.169.
June d3u:n
Junius 'd3u:njas
Juno 'd3u:nou
Jupiter 'd3u:pitar, S+ 'd3ibitar
For the colloquial variant with [i] for [u:] see Sh.Pr.,
pp. 118,211.
Justeius
Kate keit
Katharina
63
Katherine 'k&6(9)rin, S 'ksetorin, 'kaetrin
The disyllabic form occurs e.g. TS 2.1.62, 185.
Keech ki:tj
Keepdown 'kirpdaun, S -doun
Kendal kendl
Kenilworth 'kenilwa(:)r0, 8 'kilinwairO
The name is spelled Killingworth 2H6 4.4.39, 44.
Kent kent
Ketl(e)y 'ketli
Kildare kil'dcar, S -'dc:r
Killingworth, see Kenilworth
Kirnbolton kim'boulton, 'kin^boultn, *S> 'kimaltan
Tlie F spelling Kymmalton H8 4.1.34 reveals the old
local pronunciation ['kimoltan], now obsolete.
La Far la'fair, Fr lafa:r
La Pucelle lapju(:)'sel, hr- ? Fr lapysd
The F spellings Puzcl, Pussel 1H6 seem to indicate
a 16th-century pronunciation ['pAzel] or ['pAsol];
see also Pucelle, OED.
Laban 'leibsen, -ban
Labeo 'leibiou, -bjou, 8 'Je:bjo:
Labienus ^sebi'iinas
Lacedaeznon ^sesi'diiman, 8 .laesi'deiman
Lacies 'leisiz
Lackbeard 'laekbiard, 8+ 'Jaekberrd
Laertes lei'a:rti:z, A li'a:rti:z, 8 le:'a:rte:z, li'a:rtiz
The Q spelling is Leartes.
Lafeu la'fju:
Laznznas 'laemas
64
Laxnond la'mond, 8 la'mu:nd
The F spelling Lamound seems to indicate the use
of [u:] for Fr [5].
Lancaster 'isenkastor
Langley 'laerjli
Langton 'Isentan
Lapland 'iseplsend, A 'laep^amd
Lartius 'lairjas, S 'lairfas
Launce la:ns, lorns, A lo(:)ns, S lse:ns, loins
Launcelot 'larnslat, 'lo:ns-, A 'lo(:)nsalat
The F spelling Lancelet (beside Launcelet) may
indicate a variant with [ae:], which was probably
also used in Launce.
Laura 'lo:ra
Laurence 'brans, A -f 'lo:rans
Lavache (spelled Lavatch F) la'vaetj
Lavinia b'vinio, -nja, S+ -nie:
Lazarus 'la?z(9)ras
Leah lio
Leander Ii(:)'aend8r
Lear liar, S lc:r
The original form of the name, Leir, which S
rendered Lear, suggests the pronunciation [le:r].
Le Beau la'bou, S la'bo:
The frequent F spelling Le Beu may imply a pro-
nunciation [bjur] on the analogy of beauty.
Le Bon la'bon, 8 h'burn (?), Fr bbo
Leda 'li:da
Le Fer la'fear, S, Fr la'feir
Le Grand b'grsend, Fr la'grd
Leicester 'lestar
Leicestershire 'lestarjiar, .Jar
65
Lena 'lima
Lennox 'lenaks
Leonardo li(:)9'na:rdou, li(:)o-
Leonati li(:)8 f neitai, -na:ti:, S -'ne:toi
Leonato li(:)a'na:tou
Leonatus li(:)a > neitas
Leonine li(:)8nain, 'li(:)o-, A 'li^nain, S -noin
Leontes li(:)'onti:z, S -te:z
Lepidus (see p. 20) 'lepictas
Le Roy lo'roi, Fr larwa
Lestrale le'stra:!, Fr lestral
Perhaps stressed J. H5 3.5.45.
Lethe 'li:0i(:)
Lewis 'lu(:)is, 'lju(:)is, fl lu:(i)s
Regularly monosyllabic [lir.sj except at 3HG 3.3.169
and perhaps 3H6 3.3.23, 4.1.29.
Libya 'libio, -bjo
Lichas 'laikos, S 'bikes
Licio 'lijiou, 'lis-, S 'liji'o:, 'lis-
Ligarius li'gearias, -rjas
Limander li'msendar
Limbo 'limbou
Limebouse 'laimhaus, 'limas, S 'limos
Lincoln 'lirjkn
Lingare 'liqga:r(d)
Holinshed has Lingard, obviously the correct form;
cf. Ermingare above.
Lion 'laian, S 'loion
Lionel 'laionl, S 'bi(a)nl
Lipsbury 'lipsbari
Lisbon 'lizban
Livia 'livia, -vja, S 'livie:, -vja
66
Lodovico lodo'vi:kou, ( louda'vi:kou
Lodowick 'lodowik, -da-, 'lou-
Loznbardy 'lombardi, 'lAm-
Loxnbard Street, see Lumbert Street
London 'JAR don
Long Lane 'lor) 'leiii
Longaville (or Longueville) 'longa'vil, 8 + -vail
It rhymes with compile, mile LLL 4.3.133, 5.53;
see Sh.Pr., p. 214.
Lorraine lo'rein, lo-, la-
Lorenzo lo'renzou, lo-, la-
Louvre lu:vr(a), 'lu:var, A 4- lu:v, S *lu:var
Lovel(l) 'lAval
Lubbars Head 'lAborz 'bed
Variant of Leopard's Head; see Sh.Pr., pp. 41, 190.
Luccicos lu(:)'tji:kas, lju(:)-
Luce lju:s, lu:s
Lucentio lu(:)'senjiou, lju(:)-, -Jou, S -J^o:
Lucetta lu(:)'seta, lju(:)-
Luciana ^uisi'aina, ,lju:-, A + ^uiji'sena
Lucianus ^uisi'einas, lju:|i-, -cr.nas, A-\- -'a^nas, S
-'e:nas
Lucifer 'luisifar, 'iju:-
Lucilius lui'silias, lju:-, -Ijas
Lucina lui'saina, lju:-, S -'saino
Lucio 'lursiou, 'lju:-, -sjou, -J(j)ou
Lucius 'lu:Jas, 'lju:-, -sias
Lucrece lu^krhs, lju-, S+ 'l(j)u:kri:s
Stressed ^ - TA 4.1.64, TS 2.1.298, TN 2.5.116,
and always in RL, except 11. 7, 512.
Lucretia lu:'kri:Jia, lju:-, -Ja
Lucretius lu:'kri:Jas, lju:-
67
Lucullus lui'kAlas, Iju:-
Lucy 'lu:si, 'lju:si
Lud L\d
Ludlow 'lAdlou
Luke lu:k, ljurk
Lumbert Street 'lAmbart 'striit
Luna 'lu:n9, 'lju:na
Lupercal 'l(j)u:porkael, A + - kel, -kl
Lutheran 'lu:09r9n, 'iju:-
Lycaonia ^aikei'ounio, 8 ^aike'oinie:
Lychorida lai'ko(:)rida, S lai'ko(:)ride:, -do
Lycurgus lai'koirgos, S loi-
Lydia 'lidio, S+ 'lidie:
Lymoges (or Limoges) li'mou^, Fr lining
For the S form see p. 24.
Lynn lin
Ly sander lai'ssendar, S bi'ssendar
Lysimachus lai'simdkds, & loi-
Mab maeb
Macbeth maek'beO, mak'be0
Maccabaeus ^ajka'bijijas, 8 -be(:)os
Macdonwald mok'donold, ma^k-
Macduff msck'dAf, mok-
Macedon 'msosidan, -don
Machiavel ^aekie'vel, -kja-, S 'majkja^el, -vil
The Q spelling Matchavil MWW 3.1.104 seems to im-
ply a vulgar or colloquial pronunciation [ ma3tjavil].
Macmorris mak'moris, maek-
Madeira ma'diora
Maecenas mi(:)'si:nas, -mes, S me(:)'si:nos
Mag^nus 'maegnas
68
Mahomet ma'homit, 'meiamat, 8 'meiamat, -mit
Mahu 'rna:hu:, S 'ma:hu:, 'me:- (?)
Maidenhead 'meidnhed
Maine mein
Malchus 'msulkas, S 'mo:kas
The F spelling Mauchus points to the suggested S
pronunciation.
Malcolm 'maelkam
Mall macl, mol
Malvolio mscl'vouljou
Mamilius ma'milias, -Ijos
Man, see Isle of Man
Manningtree 'rmrnirjtri:, 8 'm&nintri:
Mantua 'maentjua, A 'momtjua, -tua, 8+ 'mseiitjue:
Sometimes disyllabic (e.g. RJ 3.3.169, 4.1.124), with
-ua pronounced [ju], [v\o], or possibly [oj, see tfh.Pr.,
p. 288.
Marcade 'mcurko^li:
Clearly trisyllabic LLL 5.2.724, probably identical
with Fr Marcade.
Marcellus mair'selas
March ma:rtj
Marcian 'marrjan
Marcius 'ma:rjas, -Jias
Marcus 'marrkas
Mardian 'rnciirdion, -djon
Margarelon ma:r'g;eralon
Margaret 'marrgorit, 'mairgrit
Margery 'mcun^ori, 'ma:rd3ri
Maria ma'raia, mo'ri(:)a, S ma'raia, ma'riio
Marian 'meorion, 'maerian, -jan, S 'mc:r-
Mariana ^neari'sena, -'a:na, S jHicir-
69
Marina ma rirna
Mark ma:rk
Marie ma:rl
Mars mairz
Marseilles ma:r'seilz, S ma:r'selo(s), Fr mars&:j
The F spells it Marcellus, Marcellse.
Marshalsea 'ma.T/alsi:, S 'ma.-r/alse:
Martext ' ma : rtekst
Martin o mu:r'ti:nou
Martius 'ma:rjas, -Jias
Mar ullus m a ' r A! as
Mary 'meori, 8 'me:ri
Mashaxn 'ina^som, 'msejom
Matthew ' m #0 j u :
Maud mo:d
Maudlin 'mordlin
Mauretania i mo(.)ra'teinja, -ri-, -nio, /Sf -'teinjo, -nie:
May mci
Mede mi:d
Medea mi'dia
Media 'mi:dia, -dja
Mediterranean ^edita'reinjan
Spelled mediteranium LLL 5.1.61.
Meg meg
Meis(s)en 'maisan, 8 'maiseii
Meleager I meli'eid3ar
Melford 'melfard
Melun ma'lAn, S ma'luin, Fr malde
The S pronunciation is indicated by the F spellings
Meloon(e), Melloone.
Memphis 'memfis
Menaphon 'menafan
70
Menas 'miinas
Menecrates ma'nekrati:z, S -te:z
Menelaus ^neni'leias
Menenius ma'ni:nias, -njas
Menon 'million, 'menoii
Menteith men'tiiB
Mephistopheles .mefi'stofilr.z, -fal-, S -le:z
In MWW 1.1.132 Pistol says Mephostophilus
l^mefa'stofalas].
Mercade, see M arcade
Mercatio inair'keijiou
Mercury 'mairkjuri, -kjari, S 'ma:rkari, 'ma:r-
Mercutio m9:r'kju:Jjou, -Jiou
Four syllables RJ 3.1.142, 150, 187.
Merlin 'morrlin, 8+ 'ma:rlin (?)
Merops 'merops
Merriman 'meriman
Mesopotamia ^nesope'teimja
Messala me'sa:lo, A me'seilo, S me'seilo (?)
Messaline 'mesoli:n
Messina (see p. 5, n. 2) me'sirna, ma'siino
Metellus mi'telas
Mexico 'meksikou
Michael 'maikl, S 'maikl
Michaelmas 'miklmos
Midas 'maidses, -das, S 'moidos
Milan mi'laDn, 'mi Ian
Usually stressed -L , except possibly at T 2.1.132,
where '-.
Mile-end Green 'mailend 'gri:n, S 'mail-
Milford Haven 'milfard 'heivi^
Miller 'milar
71
Milo 'mailou, S 'moilo:
Minerva mi'norrvo
Minola 'minolo
Minos 'mainos, -nos, 8 'moinos
Minotaur 'mainotoir, 8 'moi-
Miranda mi'ramdo
Misanthropes mi'zaenOropos, mi'sae-
Misena mi'simo
Spelled Mount-Mescna AC 2.2.163, which most
editors emend to Miwn(i)um; North has Misena
(today Miseno).
Mithri dates ^niOri'deitiiz, S -'de:te:z
Mitigation ( miti'geijn
Mock-water 'mok ( \vo:tor
Since a pun is intended here (MWW 2.3.60-4), the
first syllable should probably be ['ruAk-J.
Modena mo'deino, -Vliina
Modo 'moudou
Moll mol, A + mo:l
Monarcho mo'nairkou, mo-, mo-
Monrnouth 'mAnmaO, 'mon-
Montacute 'montakjuit
Montague 'rnontogju:, 'mAn-, ^- t gju:
Montano mon'taenou, -'ta:nou, 8 mon'tajno:, -'ta:- (?)
Montferrat ^ontfa'raet, Fr mofera
The F spelling is Mount ferrat MV 1.2.126, which
may indicate S ['mu:nt-, 'mount- J.
Montgomery man(t)'gAmori, mon(t)'gom9ri
Mont joy 'montd3oi, mont'd3oi
Both accentuations occur in H5, where the first
syllable of the name is spelled Mount- and Mont-,
the former probably indicating S ['mu:nt-, 'mount-].
72
Moonshine 'mu:njain, S -Jain
Moor ditch 'muorditj, S 'muirditj
Moorfields 'muarfiildz, S 'mu:rfi(:)ldz
Mopsa 'mopsa
Mordake 'ma:rdok
This is Holinshed's spelling of Murdoch; S may
therefore have pronounced it ['mo:rde:k, -dak].
More mo:r, S mo:r
Morgan 'mo:rgan
Morocco ma'rokou
Mortimer 'moirtimar
Morton 'mo:rtn
Moses 'mouziz
Spelled Moyses TGV 5.3.8.
Moth mo0, A mo:6, S mo:t
See Sh.Pr., p. 320.
Mouldy 'mouldi
Mowbray 'moubrei, -bri, S 'mo:bre:, -bri
Mugs mAgz
Muli 'mju:li
F has Muliteus TA 4.2.152, which most editors
emend to Muli lives; the F name may be pronounced
l^mjufOli'tids] or ['mju:litju:s].
Mulmutius mAl'mjuiJas
Murray 'iriAri, A 'ma:ri
Muscovite 'mAskovait, S 'mAskavit
Muscovite rhymes with wits LLL 5.2.264.
Muscovy 'niAskavi
Mustardseed 'mAstordsi:d
Mutius 'mjuijas, -Jias
DisyUabic except at TA 1.1.389.
Myrmidon 'marrmidan, -don
73
Mytilene ^liti'lirni, S+ 'metalin, 'mitalin
Trisyllabic P 4.4.50, 5.2.8, tetrasyllabic P 5.1.177;
see further Sh.Pr., p. 186, n. 5.
Naiad 'naised, 'iieised, S 'ne:aed
Nan nsen
Naples 'neiplz
Naps naeps
Narbon 'narrban
Narcissus na:r'sisas
Naso (see p. 20) 'neizou, 'narsou, 8 'nerzo:
Nathaniel no ' 0aen jol
Navarre na'vair, Fr nava:r
Nazarite 'naezarait, S 'naezorait
Neapolitan nio' poll ton, -tn
Nebuchadnezzar ^ebjukod'nezar, -bja-, S neba-
Ned ned
Nedar (see p. 7) 'nirdar
Nell nel
Neznean ni'mi:an, 'nirmian, S 'nemjan, 'nirmjon
Disyllabic and stressed -L in S; see Sh.Pr. , p. 338.
Nemesis 'nemisis, -ma-
Neoptolemus i ni(:)op'tolimos, -op-
Neptune 'neptjurn, -t/urn
Nereid(s) 'niari-id(z)
Nerissa ni'riso, ne-, no-
Nero 'niarou, S 'ni:ro:
Nervii 'nairviai, S 'na.'rv^ai
Nessus 'iiesos
Nestor 'nestorr, -tar
74
Netherlands 'nedarlandz
Nevil 'nevil, -vl
Newgate 'njuigit, -geit, S -git, -ge:t
Nicander nai'ksendar, S nai-
Nicanor nai'keinar, ni-, S nai'keinar, ni-
Nicliolas 'nikalas, A 4- 'niklas
Disyllabic ['niklas] H8 1.1.221, 1.2.147, 2.1.96.
Nick nik
Nightwork 'naitwairk, S 'nait-
Nile nail, S nail
Nilus 'nailas, 8 'nailos
Ninny 'nini
Ninus 'nainas, S 'ninas
With a pun on ninny MND 3.1.99-100.
Niobe 'naiobi, 'naiabi, S 'noi-
Noah noua, noa, S no: a
Nob nob
Norbery 'no:rbari
Norfolk 'norrfak
Normandy 'norrmandi
Northampton no:r'0aeinj)tan, A + noirO'haemptaii
Northamptonshire norr'Oaem^tanJiar, -Jar
North-gate 'norrOgeit
Northumberland no:r'6Ambarland
Norway *no:rwei, S 'no:rwe:
Noirweyan norr'weian, S no:r'we:an
Nuzxia 'nju:ma, A -f 'nu:ma
Nym nim
Oatcake 'out'keik
Oberon 'oubaran, -roil
75
Obidicut cm'bidikot
Octavia ok'teivja, -via, S ok'te:vja, -vie:
Octavius ok'teivjas, -vias
Four syUables AC 3.7.73.
Oldcastle 'ould.kaisl, A, S -,kse(:)sl
Oliver 'olivar
Olivia ow'livia, -vja, S o(:)'livja
Olympus o^'limpas
Ophelia o^'fiilja, -Ha, S o(:)'fi:lja, -lie:
Oracle 'orakl
Orlando o:r'lsendou
Orleans o:r'lianz, V.rlionz, S 'o:rli(a)nz, 'o'.rli^nz, Fr
orled
The accentuation -L 5_ occurs commonly at the
end of a line.
Orodes o'roudi:z, cm-, S o'ro:de:z
Orpheus 'o:rfju:s
Orsino o:r'si:nou
Osric 'ozrik, 'os-
Ossa 'osa
Oswald 'ozwald
OtheUo o^'Oelou, a'6-, o'6-, 8 o(:)'telo:, o(:)'6elo:
Since the th of Othello ('little Otto') is a graphic
variant of t (as in Thomas), S probably used the
first of the two variants suggested here.
Ottomites 'otamaits, S -maits
Overdone 'ouvar'dAn
Ovid 'ovid
Ovidius ow'vidias
Owen Win, 8 o:in, -an
Oxford 'oksfard
Oxfordshire 'oksfard Jar, -Jiar
76
Pace pels
Pacorus 'paekaras
Padua 'paedjua, 'paidua, S 'paedjue:, -djua, -dwa
Sec note to Mantua above, and Sh.Pr., p. 288.
Page peid3
Palarnedes ^aela'miidhz, 8 -de:z
Palaznon 'paelaman, -mon
Palatine 'paelatain, 8 -tain
Palestine 'pselistain, S -stain
Pallas 'paelaes, -las
Pandar 'paendor
Pandarus 'pamdaras
Pandulph 'paendAlf
Pannonian pas' noun jail
Pansa 'psensa, -nza
Pantheon (see p. 21) pa?n'0i(:)an, 'paenOian, S 'paenGjan
Pan thin o pnen'0i:nou
Paphlagonia ^asfla'gounjo, -nia, S -'go:nja, -nie:
Paphos 'peifos
Paracelsus .psera'selsas
Parca 'pairka
Paris 'paeris
Paris Garden 'paeris 'ga:rdn, 8 'p&rif 'ga:rdn
Parish Garden H8 5.4.2 was the colloquial or vulgar
pronunciation.
Par oil es pa'rolis, -les
Parthia pa:r6ia, -Oja, 8 'pa:r0ie:, -0ja
Partlet 'pa:rtlit
Patay paB'tei, S pae'te:, Fr pate
Patchbreech paetjbrirtj, S -bri(:)tj
Patience 'peijans
Patrick 'paetrik
77
Patroclus po'trokbs
Paul po:l
Paulina po:'laina, S po:'laina, -'lirna (?)
Paunch po:nj
Peas(e)cod 'piizkod, S 'pe(:)skad
Peaseblossozn 'pirz^losam, S 'pe
Peck pek
Pedascule pi'dseskjuli:
Pedro 'peidrou, 'ped-, pi:d-
Peg-a-Ramsay 'pega'rsemzi
Pegasus 'pegasas
Pelion 'pi:lian
PeUa 'pela
Peloponnesus ^ebpa'niisas
Pembroke 'pembruk, A 'pembrouk, S 'pcmbruk
Pen dragon pen'draegoii
Penelope pi'nelapi, po-
Penker 'perjkar
Pentapolis pen'taepolis
Pentecost 'pentikost, A 4- 'penti.korst
Penthesilea | pen6esi'li(:)o
Pepin 'pepin, S 'pipin, 'pepin, Fr pope
Spelled Pippin(s) Ho 1.2.65 Q, LLL 4.1.122.
Percy 'pa-.rsi, 8+ 'pa:rsi
Perdita 'peirdita, S 'parrdite:, 'pa:r-
Peregenia t peri'd3i:nJ8
This is the F form (MND 2.1.78); the Qq have
Perigenia and North Periyouna, the latter of which
is closer to the original Greek Perigune.
Pericles 'perikliiz, S 'perikle:z
Perigort 'perigoirt, ( peri'go:rt, Fr perigo:r
Perkes pa:rks, S parrks
78
Undoubtedly an inverted spelling for Parks', for
similar cases see Sh.Pr., p. 250.
Perseus 'pa:/-sju:s, -sjas
Persia 'pa:rja, A -f 'pair 39, S 'pa:rja, 'pa:rja
Peter 'pi: tor
Peto 'pi: tou
Petrarch 'pi:trci:rk
Petruchio pi'tru:tjiou, -tj(j)ou, S -tjio:
The F spelling must be phonetic, with ch standing
for [tj]. Hence the pronunciation [pa'tru:kiou]
should be avoided; see p. 22. In verse the name is
trisyllabic except at TS 1.2.143, 2.1.71, 3.2.247,
5.2.111, and RJ 1.5.133, where it has four syllables.
Phaet(h)on 'feiaGon, -tan, S 'fe:a6on, -tan
Pharamond 'faeramand, -mond
Pharaoh 'fcarou, S 'fe:ro:
Pharsalia 'fa:r'seilja, -lia, S fa:r'se:lja
Pheasar 'fi:zar, S+ 'fe:zar
Mrs. Quickly's corruption of vizier, for which see
Sh.Pr. 9 p. 193.
Phebe 'fi:bi
Phibbus, see Phoebus
Philadelphos ^ila'delfas, -fos
Philario fi'la:rjou, -riou, S fi'larrjo:
Philarrnonus ^ilair'mounas
Philemon fi'linnon, -man, fai-
Philip(pe) 'filip
Phillip, Philippe, and Phelip are early variants of
Philip, a name borne by both men and women.
Philippi fi'lipai, 'filipai, S fi'lipai
Always stressed '. in S (see p. 20).
Phillida 'filida, 8+ 'filide:
79
Philo 'failou, S 'failo:
Philomel 'filomel, -la-, A 'fila.mel
Philomela ,filo'mi:l9, -la-
Philostrate 'filastreit, A 'filastreit
Philoten 'failoten, -la-, 'fil-, 8 'fai-, 'fil-
Philotus fi'loutas, fai-
Phoebe 'fi:bi
Phoebus 'fiibas, S+ 'fibas
Phibbus MND 1.2.37 is the form used by Bottom.
Phoenicia fi'ni/ia, fi:-, -/a
Phoenix 'fiiniks
Photinus 'fotinas, 'fou-
Phrygia 'frid3ia, 8+ 'frid3ie:
Phrygian is always disyllabic ['fridjan] in S.
Phrynia 'frinio, ^-f- 'frinie:
Picardy 'pikardi, -ka:r-
Pickbone 'pikboun
Pickt-hatch (or Picked-hatch) 'pikt.haetf
Pie Corner 'pai 'korrnar, S 'pai
Pierce piors, pja:rs, 8 pi:rs, pairs, pairs
Pigrogromitus ^igro'grDmitas, -gro-
Pilate 'pailot, S 'pailat
PUch piltj
Pillicock 'pilikok
Pimpernell 'pimparnel
Pinch pint/
Pindarus 'pindaras
Pippin, see Pepin
Pirithous pai'riOoas, S pai'riOoas, 'pairiOuis
TrisyUabic TNK 1.1.207 (probably), 1.3.55, 95
and stressed -L i_; elsewhere four syllables and
stressed '. 1_.
80
Pisa 'pi:za
Pisanio pi'zainiou, -jou
Trisyllabic in verse except at Cy 4.2.37, 317, where
tetrasyllable.
Pistol 'pistl, 8+ pi(:)sl
For Mrs. Quickly's Peesel see Sh.Pr., pp. 135, 215.
Pius 'paias, S 'paias
Placentio pla'sen/ou
Plantagenet pl8en'taed3init, -dja-
Plashy 'plae/i
Today Pleshey, locally pronounced ['pLvJi].
Plautus 'ploitas
Pluto 'pluitou
Plutus 'plurtas
Po pou, S po:
Poi(c)tiers poi'tiarz, Fr pwatje
The F spelling Poictiera for Patay 1H6 4.1.19 may
imply that S used a pronunciation similar to the
modern Fr form; see p. 24.
Poin(e)s poinz, S+ points
Spelled Poines, Paynes, Pointz, Points in F.
Poland 'poubnd
Pole, see de la Pole
Polemon po* lemon, -'li:-
Polixenes pe'liksaniiz, po-, po-, S -ne:z
Polonius pe'lounjas
Polydaznas ^oli'dsemos, po'lidamas
The accentuation depends on whether we read
"fierce" in "The fierce Polydamas" TC 5.5.6 as a
disyllabic or a monosyllable. The original Greek
name was stressed 2
Polydore 'polido:r
81
Polyxena po'liksana, pa-, S -ane:
Pomfret 'p Am frit, 'pom-
Pomgarnet pom'ga:rnit, pAm-, 'pom-, 'pAm-
Pompeius pom'piias
Pompey 'pompi
Pont pont
Pontic 'pontik
Ponton de Santrailles 'ponton da saen'treil
No certainty is possible; F spells the name Ponton
de Santrayle 1H6 1.4.28, but the modern Fr form
is Poton de Xaintrailles.
Popilius po'pilias, -Ijas
Porpentine 'porrpentain, S -tain, -ti(*)n (?)
Port le Blanc 'porrt lo 'blaenk, Fr porbbla
Portia 'porrjia, -Jo, S - 'po.r-, 'j)o:rjie-
Portugal 'poirtju^ral, -t|u-, -4 + 'po:rtjagl
Posthumus post 'hju. mas, poust-, 'postjumos
Usually stressed '. ; for exceptions see p. 20.
Potpan 'potpsen
Pots pots
Poultney ' poult ni
Poysam 'poisara, -zam
Prague pra.g, preig, *Sf pre:g
Prat praet
Prester John 'prestar ^{3011
Priam 'praiam, -a^m, *S f 'praiam
Priamus 'praiamas, S 'praiamas
Priapus prai'eipas, 8 prai'e:pas
Priscian 'prijian
Procrus 'proukras, 'prokras
Proculeius
Progne 'progni(:)
82
Prometheus pra'mi:6ju:s, pro-, -jas
Propontic prcm'pontik
Proserpina piWsairpina, 8 pro(:)'sa:rpine:
The stress used at WT 4.4.116 is, however, not
apparent; the form intended may well have been
Proserpine.
Proserpine 'prosarpain, 8 -pain
Prosper 'prospar
Prosper o 'prosparou
Proteus 'proutjuis, -tias
The name is trisyllabic TGV 1.2.14, 1.3.12, etc.
Ptolemy 'tolami
Publicola pAh'likala
Publius 'pAblias
Puce lie, see la Pucelle
Puck pAk
Pudding 'pudirj, 8 'pudn
Puff P Af
Pygmalion pig'meilian
Pyramus 'piramas
Pyrenean t pira'ni:an
Pyrrhus 'piros
Pythagoras pai'Oa^garses, -goras, pi-, 8 pai-, pi-
Queubus 'kjuibas
Quickly 'kwikli, 8 4- 'kwiklai
A punning name in S; see 8Ji.Pr., pp. 124, 220.
Quinapulus kwi'naepalas
Quince kwins
Quintus 'kwintas
Quoint (see p. 19) kwoint
83
Ragozine 'rsegazi(:)n
Rainold, Reynold 'renld, S+ 're:nld
Ralph reif , raelf , 8 re:f
Ram raem
Raxnhures raem ' b j uarz
Raxnston 'raemstan
Rash raej
Ratcliff rsetklif
Ravenspurgh 'rsevi^sp9:r(g), S 'r3e(v)nspa:r(g)
The name is disyllabic 3H6 4.7.8, R2 2.3.35, else-
where trisyllabic; see further Sh.Pr., p. 326, and
PN YE, pp. 16 f ., 19.
Reading 'redin, S 'redinz
Readins MWW 4.5.80, as used by Evans, reflects
an earlier form of the name.
Rebeck ri:bek, S rebik
Spelled Rebicke RJ 4.5.135.
Regan (see p. 3, n. 1) 'riigan
Reignier 'reinjei, S 'rernirr, re(:)'ni:r, Fr rejije
Stressed J- 1H6 5.3.131, etc., _ .JL 1H6 1.2.61,
65, etc.
Reynaldo rei'naeldou, ri-
Reynold, see Rainold
Rheizns ri:mz, 8 re:mz, Fr r:s
Rhesus 'rirsas
Rhodes roudz, S ro:dz
Rhodope ro'doupi(:), 8 'roidopi:, 'rodepi:
Stressed .z. -i- 1H6 1.6.22 (see p. 21).
Rialto ri'aeltou
Rice ap Thomas 'rais sep 'tomas, 8 'rais
Richard 'rit/ard
Richmond 'ritjmand
84
Rinaldo ri'nseldou
Ringwood 'rirjwud
Rivers 'rivarz
Robert 'robart
Robin (GoodfeUow, Hood) 'robin ('gud ( felou, 'hud)
Rochester 'rotjistar, A 4- 'rc^tjestar
Rochlord 'rot/fanl
Roderigo ( roda'ri:gou, S i rod(a)'ri:go:
TrisyUabic 1.1.174, 184, etc.
Roger 'rodsar
Rogero row'djerou, S ro(:)'d3ero:
Romano (see p. 19) rcm'mainou, S ro(:)'ma:no:
Rome roum, S ru:m
Romeo 'roumiou, S 'ro:mio:, -mjo:
Rosalind 'rozalind, S+ -bind
From the multiple rhymes AYL 3.2.93-118 it ap-
pears that in this particular case S wanted the
syllable -lind to be pronounced [laind], today [laind].
Rosaline 'rozdlain, S -lain
Roscius 'rajias, -Jas
Rose rouz
Rosencrantz 'rouzankrsents, S 'ro:zinkraen^s
SpeUed Rosincrance H 2.2.1, 33, etc.
Ross(e) ros
Rossill 'rosil
Rossillion ro'siljan, ro-, ru-
Rotherham 'rodaram
Rouen 'ru:<i:7?, -a:n, -o(:)q, S 'ro:(a)n, Fr rwd
SpeUed Roan F and Rone Q H5 3.5.54; disyllabic
only 1H6 1.1.65, monosyllabic H5 3.5.54, 64, 1H6
3.2.16, etc., uncertain 1H6 3.2.1, etc.
Rougemont ' ru : 3mont
85
Spelled Rugemount R3 4.2.107 Q; for the relationship
of Rougemont and Richmond see Sh.Pr., p. 142.
Rousillon, see Rossillion
Roussi rusi:, ru si:
Rowland 'roulond
Rugby 'rAgbi
Russia 'rA/9, S 'rA/a, -Jie:
Trisyllabic MM 2.1.139.
Rutland 'rAtbnd
Saba 'seiba, S 'serbo
Sackerson 'saekorsn
Sagittary 'ssed 3i | teari
Saint Alban(s) snt'o:lban(z), A seint-
The unstressed forms of Saint [sin(t), sn(t)], are
rarely heard in A.
Saint Anne snt'&n
Saint Asaph snt'a?saf, -'aezaf, -'eizaef
Saint Bennet snt'benit
Saint Glare sn^'klear, *S T -'kle:r
Saint Colme's Inch sn^'kolmiz 'inf J
Saint Crispi(a)n sn^krispi(o)n
Saint Cupid sn/'kju:pid
Saint Davy snf'deivi
Saint Dennis snl'denis
Saint Edmundsbury snt'edmaiif/zbari
Saint Francis snf'frcrnsis, A, S 'fra(:)n8is
Saint Jaques le Grand (see Jaqties) sn^'d3eik(i)s b
'grsend, S -'d3e:k(i)s, Fr s^akbgra
Saint George sn'd3o:rd3, A T f -'
Saint Gregory snj'gregari, /S T -'gregri
86
Saint Jamy s^'dseimi, S -'d3e(:)mi
See Sh.Pr., p. 186.
Saint Katharine si^'kseG^rin, S -'ksBtrin
Saint Lawrence snt'lo(:)rens
Saint Luke snt'l(j)u:k
Saint Magnus sn^'msegnas
Saint Martin s^'mairtin
Saint Mary si^'meari, S -'meiri
Saint Michael si^'maikl, S -'moikl
Saint Nicholas (sec also Nicholas) snt'nikalas, S +
-'niklas
Saint Paul snfl'po:], S sijtf'po:!
Saint Peter s^'pi:tar
Saint PhiHp s^'filip
Saint Stephen snf'sti:vn
Saint Valentine snt'vsclontain, -tin, S -toin
Saint Withold (see p. 8) snt'wiftald
Sala (now Ijsel) 'seilo, S 'seila
Salanio, see Solanio
Salarino ^aelo'riinou
Salerio sa'liariou, -rjou, -'lerjou
Salic, Salique 'saelik, 'seilik
Salisbury 'soilzbari, -bri, A + 'soilz^eri
Samingo sa'miqgou
Sam(p)son 'ssempsn
Sandal Castle 'saendl 'ka:sl, A, S 'kae(:)sl
Sands saendz
The F spelling is Sandys, with the same pronuncia-
tion.
S an tr allies, see Ponton de Santrailles
Saracen 'sserosn
Sardian 'sairdian
87
Sardinia sair'dinja, -nia, 8+ sa:r'dinie:
Sardis 'sairdis
Saruxn 'searam, S 'se:ram
Satan 'seitn, S 'se:tn
Saturn 'ssetarn
Saturnine 'sa3ta(:)rnain, S -nain
Saturninus ^astar'nainas, S -'nainas
Saunder 'soindar, 'sa:n-, A -f 'son-, 'seen-
Savoy sa'voi
Saxon 'sseksn
Saxony 'sseksni, -sani
Saxton 'scTekstn
Say sei, S se:
Scales skeilz
Scarlet 'skairlit
Scarus 'skcaras
The F spelling Scarrus may imply a pronunciation
[skairas] or ['skseras].
Scone sku:n, S sko:n
The rhyme one: Scone M 5.8.74-75 points to S [o:]
(modern [ou]) in both words.
Scot skat
Scotland 'skatland
Scroop skruip
Scylla 'sila
Scythia 'siSia, -0ja
Seacoal 'si:koul, S 'se:ko:l
Sebastian si'baestjan
Seely 'si:li
Seleucus sa'l(j)u:kas
Semiramis sa'miramis, se'm, si'm-
Sempronius sem'prounias, -njas
88
Seneca 'senika, $4- 'senike:
Sennois 'senoiz
Senoys 'senoiz
Servilius sa(:)r'vilias, -Ijas
Sestos 'sestas
Setebos 'setibos
Severn 'sevarn
Sextus 'sekstas
Seymour 'si:mo:r
Seyton 'si:tn
Seymour and Seyton may have had [e:] in S.
Shadow
Shalalus 'J
Shakespeare 'Jeikspiar
For the probable Elizabethan pronunciation see
Sh.Pr., p. 177.
Shallow 'Jaulou
Shaw JD:
Sheffield 'jefi:ld
Shirley 'jo:rli
Shoetie 'Ju:tai, S 'Ju:tai
Shore Jo:r, S Jo:r
Shortcake '/ D:rtkeik 5 s 'Jo:rtke:k, 'Ja:rt-
Shrew Jru:, S Jro:
Shrewsbury ' Jruizbori, -bri, 'jrouz-, A + ' Jru:z t beri, S
'/ro:z-
Shylock 'Jailok, S >ibk
Sibyl 'sibil
SibyUa si 1 bib
Sicil 'sisil
Sicilia si'silia, -Ija
Sicilius si'siljas, -lias
89
Sicily 'sisili
Sicinius si'sinids, -njos
Sicyon 'sifion, 'sisian
Sienna si'ena
Sigeia si'dgiro, L si'geia
Silence 'sailans, S 'sailans
Silius 'silias, -Ijas
Silver 'silvar
Silvia 'silvia, -vja, S 'silvie:, -vja
Silvius ' silvias, -vjas
Simois 'simoi^is, A 4- 'simowis
Simon 'saiman, S 'saiman
Simonides sai'monadiiz, S sai'monide:z
Simpcox 'simpkoks
Simple 'simpl
Sin(c)klo 'siqklou
Sinel (see p. 7) 'sainol, S 'soinal
Sinon 'sainan, S 'soinon
Siward 'sju(:)9rd, A -f 'surard
Skogan 'skogon
The F spelling is Scoggan 2H4 3.2.33.
Slender 'slendor
Sly slai, S stoi
Smalus 'smeiles, S 'smeilas
Smile smail, S email
Smith. smiO
Smulkin 'smAlkin
Smooth smu:5
Snare snear, S sns:r
Sneak sni:k
Snout snaut, S snout
Snug snAg
90
Socrates 'sokratiiz, S 'sokraterz
Sol sol
Solanio sa'lcr.niou, -njou
Solinus sa'lainas, 8 sa'lainas
Solomon 'solaman
Solon 'soulon, -Ian
Solyzxian 'soliman
Somerset 'sAmarsit, -set, A -h
Somerville 'sAmarvil, A 'sAmai^vil
Soxxime som
Sophy 'soufi
Solo 'soutou
Soundpost 'saundpoust, S 'saundporst
Southam sau5am, & sau6am, sA5am
Southampton sau'Oaeiiijptn, sauO'hae-, S sau-
South.'wark 'sA6ark, 'sauGwark, S 'sA5ark
Southwell 'sauOwal, 'sASal, S 'sA5al
Sowter (sec p. 7) 'su:tar, 'sautar, S 'sautar
Spain spein, S spe:n
Sparta 'sparrta
Speed spi:d
Spencer 'spensar
Sphinx sfirjks
Spinii 'spainiai, 'spiniai, S 'spainiai, 'spi-
Spurio 'spjurriou
Squash skwoj, S skwaj
Squele skwi:l
Stafford 'staefard
Staffordshire 'stsefardjiar, -Jar
Staines steinz, S sternz
Stamford 'steeniford
Stanley 'staenli
91
Star-chamber 'stair'tjeimbar
Starve-lackey 'sta:rv ( lseki
Starveling 'stcr.rvliq, S 'sta:rvlin
Statilius sta'tiljas, stae-
Stephano (see p. 23) 'stefanou
Stephen 'stitvn
Stockfish 'stokfij
Stokesly 'stouksli
Stony-Stratford 'stouni 'stnetford
Strachy 'streitji, 8 'streitji
Strand strsend, S+ strond
Slrond is used regularly iii H8; see Sh.Pr., p. 166.
Strange of Blackxnere 'streindg ov 'blaekmiar
Strato 'streitou, S 'streito:
Styga 'staiga, S 'staiga
Stygian
Styx stiks
Suffolk
Sugarsop
Surecard 'Juor ( ka:rd, 8 'Juir^aird
Surrey Wri, A 'sa:ri
Susan 'su:zn
Sutton Goldfield 'sAtn 'koulrffi:ld, 8 Wt^ 'korfil
For the F spelling Sutton-cop-hill 1H4 4.2.3 (Button
cophill Q), in which p-h stands for /, see Sh.Pr.,
pp. 298, 311.
S^veetheart 'swi:tha:rt
S-weno (see p. 7) Wi:nou, 'swenou
Swinstead 'swinsted
Swithold, see Saint Withold and p. 8 'swidald
Switzer 'switsar
Sycorax 'sikarseks
92
Sylla 'silo
Syracusa ^ira'kjuiza
Syracuse 'saiarakju:z, 'sir-, S 'saira-, 'sir-
Syria 'siria, S+ 'sirie:
Talbot 'to:lbat
Tale-porter 'teil t po:rtar
For this name see Sh.Pr., p. 149.
Taxnora 'taemara, 'taemra, S+ 'taemare:
Apparently disyllabic TA 1.1.315, 319, 2.3.118, 293.
Tamwortli 't8em\va(:)r6
Tapster 'tsepstar
Tarentum ta ' rentam
Tarpeian ta:r'pi(:)an
Tarquin 'ta:rkwin
Tarsus 'tci:rsas
Tartar 'tarrtar
Taurus 'toiras
Tearsheet 'tear/lit, S 'terrjiit
For this name see Sh.Pr., p. 150.
Telamon 'telaman, -mon
Telamonius ^ela'mounias
Tellus 'telas
Temple 'tempi
Tenantius ta'neenjas, te-
Tenedos 'tenadas, -dos
Tereus 'ti:r(j)u:s
Termagant 'ta:rmagant, S 'tarrmagant
Spelled Tarmagant H 3.2.15 Q.
Tewksbury 'tju:ksbari, -bri, A + 'tu:ks ( beri
93
Thaisa Oei'isa, '0ei-isa
Stressed JL. P 5.1.212.
Thaliar d ' 0sel j ard
Tliames temz
Thasos 'Oeisos, S '6e:sos
Theban '0i:ban
Thebes 6i:bz
Thersites 0a(:)r'saiti:z, S 0a(:)r'saite:z
Theseus '6i:sju:s, -sias
Trisyllabic MND 2.1.76.
Thessalian Oe'seiljen
Thessaly '6esoli
Thetis '0etis, '0i:tis
Thisbe 'Oizbi
Thoas 'Gouas
Thomas 'tomas
Thracian 'GreiJ(j)8n, S '0re:Jan
Three-pile '0ri:pail, A^ -pail
Thump 0Amp
Thurio 'Ojuariou, -rjou, S+ 'tu:rio:, -jo:
Thyreus 'Oaiarios, S '0airias
Apparently disyllabic AC 3.12.31, 3.13.73.
Tib tib
Tiber 'taibar, S 'taibar
Tiberio tai'biariou, S tai'bi:rio:
Tiger 'taigar, 8 'taigar
Tixnandra ti'msendra
Timon 'taiman, -moil, S 'taiman
Tisick 'tizik
Titan 'taitan, -ti^, S 'taitan
Titania ti'teinia, -nja, tai-, -'ta:ii-, S tai'te:nie:, -nja
Titchfleld 'titjfirld
94
Titinius ti'tinias, -njos, tai-
Titus 'taitas, S 'toitas
Toby 'toubi
Toledo to'leidou, to-, A ta'liidou, S ta'li:do:
Tom torn
Tomyris 'tomiris
Top as 'toupsez
Toryne (see p. 21) 'torin
Touchstone 'tAtJstoun
Touraine tu'rein, S 'tu:re:n
Apparently stressed J. in S.
Tours tuar, 8 tu:r(z), Fr tu:r
Tower 'tauar, 8 'taur
Tovrton 'tautn, 8 'tautn
Tranio 'tra:niou, -njou, 'trein-, 8 'trcinio:, -njo:, 'train-
Transylvanian ^raensil'veinjan, ^rain-
Tr avers 'tr8eva(:)rz
Tray trei, S tre:
Trebonius tri'bounies, -njas
Trent trent
Tressel 'tresl
Trigon 'traigon, S 'treigan
Trinculo 'trirjkjulou, -kja-, S 'triijkalo:
Tripoli(s) 'trip8li(s)
Triton 'traitn, S 'traitn
Troien 'troion
Troilus 'trouilas, 'troibs, S 'troibs, 'tro:itas
Always disyllabic in S, except at TC 5.2.161.
Trojan 'troudsan, S 'trordsan
Trot trot
Troy troi
Troyan 'troian
95
Tubal 'tjuibal, A + 'tu:bl
Tullus 'tAlas
Tully 'tAli
Tunis 'tjuinis, A 4- 'tuinis
Turk ta:rk
Turkey 'ta:rki
Turlygod 'ta:rligod
Turnbull Street (i.e. Turnmill St.) 'ta:rnbul 'stri:t
Turph ta:rf
Tuscan 'tAskan
Tybalt 'tibalt
Tyburn 'taiba(:)rn, S 'taib8(:)rn
Tymbria 'timbria
Typhon 'taifon, S 'toifon
Tyre taiar, S tair
Tyrian 'tirian, -rjan
Tyrrel 'tirol
Tyrus 'taiaros, S 'tairas
Ulysses ju(:)'lisi:z, S -'lise:z
Umfrevile 'Amfravil
Urchiniield 'o:rtjinfi:ld
Ursa Major 'a:rsa 'meid3ar
Ursula 'a:rsjula, 'a:rsala, S 'airsli, 'a:rsala
Spelled Ursley MA 3.1.4 Q, and always disyllabic
in Shakespeare's verse.
Urswick 'a:rz(w)ik
Valdes (see p. 6) Vseldis, -as
Valence Vselans, Fr valcr.s
Valencius va'lenjias
MM 4.5.8, which most editors emend to Vahntinus.
96
Valentine Vselantain, 8 -tain
Valentinus ^selan'tainas, S -'tainas
Valentio va'lenjou, vse-
Valeria va'liaria, -rja, S va'li:rja
Valerius va'liarias, -rjas, S va'li:rjas
Vapians 'veipianz
Varrius Vaerias, -rjos
Varro Vaerou
Vaudexnont 'voudmont, 8 'vo:dmont, Fr vodemo
Vaughan vo:n, S Vo:an
Always disyllabic in S.
Vaumond Voimand
Vaux vo:z, vo(:)ks
Velutus va'l(j)u:t9s
Venetia ve'niijia, It ve'nertsia
The F spellings Vemchie, vencha LLL 4.2.99 suggest
some kind of anglicized pronunciation.
Venetian vi'niijan
Venice Venis
Ventidius (see p. 22) ven'tidias, -'tidsas
Spelled Venti(d)gius TmA 1.2.9, 3.3.3, 8.
Venus vi:nas, S-\- ve:nas
Ver va:r
Verdun Vcardan, Va:r-, -'dAn, Fr verdoe
Stressed L in S.
Vere viar
Verges Vairdsis, -as, 8 Va:rd3is
Usually given as [Va:rd3i(:)z], which is an incorrect
spelling pronunciation; the name is a colloquial or
vulgar variant of verjuice and should therefore end
in [dsis] or [dsas]; see p. 3.
Vernon Varman
97
Veroles, Verollus va'rolas
The Q spelling Verollus P 4.2.115 reveals the con-
temporary pronunciation.
Verona va'rouno, S va'ro:na
Verones(s)a ^ero'neso
Vice vais, S vais
Vienna vi'ena
Vincentio vin'senjiou, -Jjou
Viola Vaialo, 'viata, S 'vai(8)b
Disyllabic TN 5.1.251.
Violenta ^aio'lento, S
Virgilia va:r'd3ili9
Virginius vair'dsinias, -njas
Virgo 'varrgou
Visor Vaizor, 8 Vaizar
Vitruvio vi'tnr.viou
Volsce vols
Volscian Voljzan
Voltixnand Voltimsend
Voluxnnia va'lAmnia, 8+ -nie:
Voluxnnius va'lAmnias, -njas
Vulcan
Wakefield 'weikfiild, 8 'we:kfi(:)ld
Wales weilz, 8 we:lz
Wall wo:l
WaUon (now Wallonie) S wo'lon (?), Fr valo
Walloon wo'lu:n, wo-
Walter 'wo(:)lt8r, S 'wo:(l)tar
Ware wear, 8 we:r
Warkworth 'wo:rkwar6, S 'wa:rkwor6
98
Wart wo:rt, 8 wa:rt
War-wick 'worik, S 'warik
Warwickshire 'worikjiar, -Jar, S ' warik Ji:r, -Jar
Washes 'wojiz, S 'wajiz
Washford 'wojfard, S 'wajfard
Water! ord ' wo:tarf ard
Waterton 'wortartn
Westminster 'wesfminstar
Westmoreland ' wesfmarland
White Hart '(h)wait 'ha:rt, S 'hwait 'ha:rt
Whitefriars '(h)wait i fraiarz, S 'hwait^frairz
Whitehall '(h)wait'ho:l, S 'hwait-
Whitmore '(h)witmo:r, S -mo:r
Whitsun '(h)witsn, S+ *hwi:sn
Spelled Wheeson 2H4 2.1.97 Q as used by Mrs.
Quickly; see Sh.Pr., p. 215.
WiU wil
William(s) 'wiljam(z)
Willoughby 'wilabi
Wilnecot 'wirjkat
Wilson 'wilsn
Wiltshire Vilt-Jiar, -Jar
Winchester 'win^Jistar, A + 'win^Jestar
Wincote, see W ilnecote
Windsor 'winzar
Wingfield 'wirjfi:ld
Winghaxn 'wiqam
Withold, see St. Withold and p. 8
Wittenberg 'witnba:rg, 'vit-
Wolsey 'wulzi
Woncot (see p. 8) '(w)urjkat, 'worjkat
Woodstock ' wudstok
Woodvil(l)e 'wudvil
Worcester 'wustar
There is no need to read Worcester 1H4 3.1.5 as a
trisyllable, for the line has ten syllables, although
the two unstressed syllables at the caesura give the
impression of a missing half -foot.
Wriothesley 'rotsli
Wye wai, S wai
Xant(h)ippe z sen 'tip!
Yaughan j o : (9 )n
Yead Miller 'jed 'miter
Yedward 'jed ward
Yorick 'jorik
York jo:rk
Yorkshire 'joirkjiar, -Jar
100
127 097
