':j^K^z^^:KKii:^^^:KKE^^!^iinri
I<i-I'^ ^Tl^PSO^
i*!Bibn of Mallifflkg
SecfionaJ library
^' Jh Ai^K
fAOl^L-, SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
A REVISION OF THE SYNONYMY
OF THE
TESTACEOUS MOLLUSKS
OF
NEW ENGLAND,
WITH NOTES ON THEIR STRUCTURE, AND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAI,
AND BATHYMETRICAL DISTRIBUTION.
WITH FIGURES OP NEW SPECIES.
By WILLIAM STIMPSON.
Leda thraciaefomiia.
BOSTON:
PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, AND COMPANY.
1851.
e/
CAMBRIDGE:
METCALF AND COMPANY,
PRINTERS TO TUB UNIVERPITV.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
It is now ten years since the publication of Dr. Gould's " In-
vertebrata of Massachusetts," the most valuable work on Ameri-
can Conchology which has yet appeared. This work, from the
full and judicious descriptions it contains, must always remain
a standard for the accurate determination of the species of
which it treats. But the rapid progress which has been made
in Malacology during the last few years, and the new principles
which have been introduced into the science, render necessary
a great change in the arrangement and nomenclature adopted
in that Report. The work now offered to the public is intend-
ed to contain all the species which have been detected in New
England up to the present moment, arranged and named in ac-
cordance with the present state of our knowledge. To show
the necessity of such a work at the present time, I may men-
tion that, of the three hundred and forty-four species here men-
tioned, only one hundred and thirty-seven are described in Dr.
IV PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
Gould's Report under the same names, and yet the changes
made are only such as the present state of the science demands,
and as result from examinations of the animal in species in
which it was before unknown. Since attention has been di-
rected to the subject, the researches of zoologists on the coasts
of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Great Britain, and
Sicily, — as MoUer, Sars, Loven, Forbes, Clark, Alder, Phi-
lippi, and others, — have made us acquainted with the mollus-
cous animals of those countries, some of which are identical
with those of our own. I have myself made descriptions and
figures of nearly all the species found on the New England
coast, which I shall take some other opportunity to publish.
The number of species now added to the number described
in Dr. Gould's work is eighty-four.
For the arrangement of the Gasteropoda, I have adopted,
with a few trifling modifications, that of Professor Forbes and
Mr. Hanley, in the " British Mollusca and their Shells," a mag-
nificent and extended work which has been in the course of
publication during the last four years. In some points I should
have preferred to deviate from this classification, but as we
must still remain far from the truth, in a class in which the true
relations of the groups are so little known, I have used the ap-
proved mode as most convenient and conducive to uniformity,
until more certain data are derived from Embryology and
Homology.
In the classification of the Acephala, it will be seen that I
have reversed the usual order, and made other modifications
of the established arrangement. For explanations of my views
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. V
on this subject, see a paper in the Proceedings of the Boston
Society of Natural History, Nov. 1851.
In citing authorities I have referred to the author who gave
to the species the name which it now bears ; — the whole name,
and not a part of it. I need only refer, as authority for so do-
ing, to the names of Linnseus, Cuvier, and Agassiz. The
practice of citing the author who gave the specific designation
— a part of the name — is an innovation, which has become
frequent among Conchologists during the last thirty years.
As the importance of an accurate knowledge of the distribu-
tion of animals over the earth is now generally admitted, I have
paid particular attention to the geographical and bathymetrical,
or horizontal and vertical range of each species on our coast.
To indicate the vertical range, I have used the terms applied to
the zones of the sea by Professor Forbes, viz. : —
Littoral, the space between high and low water marks.
Laminarian, from low water mark to fifteen fathoms.
Coralline, from fifteen to fifty fathoms.
Deep Sea Coral, from fifty to one hundred fathoms and over.
Many of our species have been hitherto obtained only from
the stomachs of the ground-feeding fishes, and therefore their
true localities, and the depths at which they live, have remained
unknown. The notes of dredging excursions furnished me by
my friends, and my own operations, have enabled me in most
cases to give these localities and depths, with accuracy ; and
wherever they are mentioned, they are those at which the spe-
cies has been taken with the dredge. As authority for these lo-
calities I have referred to the gentlemen by whom they were
VI PRELIMINARY REMARKS.
ascertained. Some of these are mentioned below, witli the ab-
breviations I have used.
Prof. C, B. Adams, of Amherst, Mass. Ad.
Prof. L. Agassiz, of Cambridge, Mass. Ag.
Capt. N. Atwood, of Provincetown, Mass. Atw.
U. S. Coast Survey, Prof. A. D. Bache, Sup. C. S.
Mr. T. C. Haskell, of Lynn, Mass. Hask.
Dr. J. B. Holder, of Lynn, Mass. Hold.
Mr. James P. Low, of Charlestown, Mass. Low.
Dr. J. W. Mighels, formerly of Portland, Me. Migh.
Mr. Robert F. Parker, of Nantucket. Park.
Mr. Temple Prime, of New York. Prime.
Dr. J. Ray, of Providence, R. I. Ray.
Gen. J. G. Totten, U. S. A. Tot.
Mr. J. True, of Salem, Mass. True.
Mr. S. Tufts, of Lynn, Mass. Tufts.
Capt Walden, of Cutter, " Plamilton." Wald.
Dr. Henry Wheatland, of Salem, Mass. Wh.
The Author. W. S.
ACEPHALA.
BRACmOPODA.
TEREBRATULID^.
Terebratula septentrionalis, Couth. T. caput-ser-
pentis, Gould, 141. (non Lam.) — Laminarian to
Deep Sea Coral. Eastport at low water, common.
Off Isles of Shoals, 20 f. (Wh.), to Cape Cod.
This species differs from the European caput-sei'-
pentis sufficiently in both shell and animal.
Hypothyris psittacea, King, An. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
xviii. 238. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll. 346.
Terebratula psittacea, Lam. Gould, 142, f. 91. — Deep
Sea Coral Zone. Northern Coast.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
ANOMIAD^.
Anomia ephippium, Linn., et vars. aculeata, squamula, et
electrica. — Littoral to Coralline. Whole Coast.
O SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
OSTREAD^.
OsTREA BOREALis, Lam., etc. — Buzzard's Bay. Lift.
PECTENID^.
Pecten Magellanicus, Lam. Gould, 132. ( Ostren''
Gmel. — Whole Coast. Lamin. Corall.
P. IsLANDicus, Miill. Gould, 133, f. 89. — Eastport, Me.
to Conn. Lamin. to Dp. S. Corall.
P. iRRADiANS, Lam. P. concenlricvs, Say, 1821. Gould,
134, f. 88. (fide Phil.) — Litt. From Cape Ann
southward.
P. Fuscus, Linslcy, Conn. Cat. 126, desc. by Gould,
Am. Jour. Sept. 1848.
ARCADE.
Arca transversa. Say, 1821. Gould, 96. — Cape Cod
southward. Lamin.
A. TEXATA, Say, 182L Gould, 95, f. 60. — Cape Cod
southward. Litt. Lamin.
NUCULID^.
The absence of a byssus, the form of the branchiae,
the crenation of the foot, and the great development
of the labial tentacles, seem characters sufficient to
separate this family from tlie Arcadcc.
NucuLA PROxiMA, Say. Gould, 108, f. 63. — Lamin.
Whole Coast.
N. TENUIS, Tart. Gould, 105, f. 64. Arca tenuis^ Mont.
— Corall.
ACEPIIALA. 9
N. DELPHiNODONTA, Migh. ct Ad., Bost. Jouv. iv. 40.
Stimpson, Bost. Proc. iv. 13. — Lamin. Whole
Coast.
Leda thraci^formis, Stimpson, Bost. Proc. iv. 26.
Nucula ihraciaformis, Storer. Gould, 97, f. 66. JSf. na-
vicularis, Couth. Gould, 103. — Corall. St. Andrew's
Bay in 10 f. and ofF Head Harbor, Campo-bello, in
40 f. (W. S.) In deep water off the coasts of Maine
and Massachusetts, and off Race Pt, Cape Cod, in
30 f. Off Fire Island, L. I., in 10 f. (C. S.)
The genus Leda was separated from Nucula by-
Schumacher in 1817. It presents great differences
from that genus as now restricted, both in animal and
shell ; — Nucula having its mantle open through-
out, without siphons, while in Leda they are well
developed. (See Moller, Index Moll. Gronl. ; Loven,
Index Moll. Scand. 34 ; and Forbes and Hanley, Brit.
Moll., ii. 214.) Under Moller's genus Yoldia — " Ani-
mal tubis longis curvatis instructum ; pede magno, va-
lido ; pallio toto aperto, marginibus postice ciliatis " —
will come our species thracicBformis, obesa, sapotilla,
Cascoensis, viyalis, and limatula, the animals of nearly
all of which I have examined. In some of them the
mantle is ciliated all around, and it has two thick-
enings, one anteriorly just before the foot, and
one posteriorly just before the siphons. In L. lima-
tula I have seen the produced exterior palpi protrud-
ed from the posterior thickened margins, as from a
sheath, — the palpi gyrating rapidly in the water as if
in search of food. L. tenuisulcata has no such struct-
2
10 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
ure. For the present I prefer to follow Professor
Forbes in uniting Yoldia with Leda.
L. OBESA, St., PL II. f. 1. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851. T. parva,
tenuis, ovalis, inasquilateralis, postice longior, epider-
mide nitido, tenuistriato ; apicibus parvis ; margine
ventrali modice arcuato: areola parum conspicua;
dentibus anticis decern, posticis duodecim, parvis.
Long. .22, lat. .12, poll.
This species is narrower and more inflated than the
young of L. thraciceformis. Prof Adams informs me
that it is the N. navicularis of Mighels, (Maine Cat.)
It is certainly not that of Couthouy. It was taken
in deep water in Mass. Bay.
L. sAPOTiLLA, St. Nucula sapotilla, Gould, 100, i. 61.
— Corall. Eastport Harbor, 10 f. mud, (W. S.)
Provincetown Harb. deep water, sand, (Totten.) It
inhabits also the coast between these points.
L. Cascoensis, St. Nucula Cascoensis, Migh. et Ad.
Bost. Jour. iv. 40. — Casco Bay. Very probably a
variety of L. myalis.
L. MYALIS, St. Nucula myalis, Couth., 1838. Gould, 99.
Yoldia anffidaris, Moll. 1842. (?) — Eastport to Cape
Cod.
L. LiMATULA, St. Nucula limatula, Say. Gould, 98, f.
62. — Whole Coast. Laminarian. Eastport in 6 f.
mud, (W. S.) Portland Harbor, (Migh.) Salem Har-
bor, 1 to 3 f (Wh.) Boston Harbor, 2 to 10 f. mud
and sand, (W. S.) Vineyard Sound, (Ag.) OffPas-
que I. 5 miles from land, in 8 f. (Prime and W. S.)
L. tenuisulcata, St. Nucula tenuisulcata, Couth. 1838.
ACEPHALA. 11
N. mintita, Gould, 101. (non O. Fab.) — Corall. East-
port Harb. in 6 f., also off Grand Manan in 40 f.
(W. S.) Off" Isles of Shoals in 20 f. (Wh.) Prov-
incetown Harb. (Tott.)
MYTILID^.
After an examination of the animals of our species
of this family, I have arrived at the conclusion that
the genera Modiola, Crenella, Modiolaria, etc., should
be reunited to Mijtilus, since I have found as great
differences between the species of these subgenera as
among the subgenera themselves. In the last edi-
tion of the " Regne Animal," the eggs of Mytilus are
said to be found in the mantle. In an examination
of several individuals of M. edulis by Dr. Burnett
and myself, we found the glands of the mantle filled
with spermatozoa. The sperm atiferous glands are
arranged differently in different species. In M. dis-
cors they present a beautiful dendritic appearance,
occupying nearly the whole extent of the mantle. In
some species they appear to occupy only that portion
of the mantle which is united with the abdominal
mass.
Mytilus decussatus, Mont. Modiola g-landula, Tott.
Gould, 131, f. 87. G-enella decussala, Dekay. F. et H.
— Laminarian. "Whole Coast. Eastport in 4 to 40 f.
sandy mud, (W. S.) Off" Isles of Shoals, 20 f. sand
(Wh.) Provincetown at low water, (Low.) Ston-
ington, (Linsley,) and at intermediate points.
M. PECTiNULUs, St. Modiola pectinula, Gould, 127, f. 85.
12
SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
— Corall. St. George's Bank. This is perhaps M.
faba, O. Fabr.
M. coRRUGATus, St. Modiola discors, Gould, (non Angl.)
— Corall. Eastport, in 40 f. sandy mud, (W. S.) to
Cape Cod.
M. Discors, Lin. Modiola discrepans, Lam. Crenella
discors, F. et H. — Lamin. Eastport, from low water
to 20 f. gravel, (W. S.) to Cape Cod.
M. LEviGATus, St. M. discors, O. Fabr. Mod. Iccvig-ala,
Gray. Mod. discrepans, Gould, 129, f. 83. — Corall.
St. George's Bank. This species differs from 31.
discors, in being larger, more ventricose, and narrower
posteriorly.
M. DISCREPANS, Montagu, (in part.) Modiola nigra. Gray.
Mod. nexa, Gould, (young.) Crenella nigra, F. et H.
— Lamin. Eastport, 5 f. and Grand Manan, 40 f.
(W. S.) Provincetown Harb. (Tott.) Stonington,
(Lins.) It prefers shelly bottoms. The Crenella of
the European shores have a habit of boring into the
tests of Ascidice, (see British Mollusca, ii. 95,) which
the same species on our coast do not have. They
are sometimes found imbedded in sponges and mas-
sive algffi, but in this case the matrix seems to have
grown around them.
M. PLiCATULUs, Desh. Modiola plicatula, Lam. Gould,
125, f. 81. — Litt. From New Hampshire southward.
M. MODIOLUS, L. — Whole Coast. Litt. to Corall.
M. EDULis, L. — "Whole coast. Littoral.
The determinations of some of the above species by
INIiddendorfF (Mai. Ross, ii.) seem at variance with
X,
ACEPHALA. 13
those of other authors, and somewhat confused. I
have therefore not referred to his work.
UNIONID^.
Unio, Retzius, emend. Gills free from the abdomi- X
nal sac, their posterior extremity attached to the man-
tle; eggs, in the female, filling the whole extent of
the outer gill ; mantle fringed at both siphonal open-
ings. (Agassiz, MS.)
U. coMPLANATus, Lca. Gould, 107, f. 68. Mya com-
planata, Soland.
EuRYNEA, Rafinesque, emend. Gills attached to \
the abdominal sac, leaving no communication be-
tween the pedal, and the upper gill cavities; eggs
received in the sacs of the posterior part of the outer
gill ; mantle fringed at the posterior half of its ven-
tral edge, and at the branchial and anal siphons.
E. PR.ELONGA, Ag., MS. Unio prcslong-us, Barnes. — _
Lake Champlain. It is doubtful whether this spe-
cies, of the North, is a variety of U. rectus, Lam., or
not. (Ag.)
E. NASUTA, Ag., MS. Ml/a nasuta, Wood. Unio na-
sutus, Say. Gould, 109, f. 71. (non Lam.)
-^ - Lampsilis, Raf. emend. Gills attached ; eggs in -^ (^^
the posterior part of the outer gill ; mantle fringed at
both siphonal openings, and having fleshy thicken-
ings and processes at its posterior ventral edge.
L. radiata, Ag., MS. Ml/a radiata, Gmel. Unio ra-
diata, Lam. Gould, 110, f. 73.
14 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
L. CARiosA, Ag., MS. Unio cariosus, Say. Gould,
111, f. 72.
L. ocHRACEA, Ag., MS. Unio ochraceus, Say. Gould,
112, f. 74.
L. VENTRicosA, Ag., MS. Vhio ventricosus, Barnes. —
Vermont.
L. siLiQuoiDEA, Ag., MS. Unio siliguoideus, Barnes.
— Lake Charnplain. This is not identical with the
Ohio River species usually called U. siliquoideus.
(Ag.)
Metaptera, Raf. emend. Gills attached ; eggs in r_ ^vy^-vU
posterior part of gill ; a broad expansion of mantle ^
upwards ; superanal opening long ; both siphonal
openings fringed.
M. alata, Ag., MS. Unio alatus, Say. — Lake Cham-
plain.
M. GRACILIS, Ag., MS. Unio gracilis^ Barnes. — Lake
Charnplain.
Neither of the above Metaptera; is identical with
the Ohio River species usually designated by the
same specific name. (Ag.)
CoMPLANARiA, Swaius. cmcud. Gills free, united - ll.jicc
to the mantle to its margin ; outer gill filling entirely
with eggs; superanal opening long; both siphonal
openings fringed ; palpi united along their posterior
edge for two thirds of then* length.
C. RUGOSA, Ag., MS. Alasmodonta rug'osa, Barnes. —
Vermont.
C. ALASMODONTiNA, Ag., MS. Uhio alasmodontlniis,
Barnes. U. compressus, Lea. — Vermont.
ACEPHALA. 15
Margaritana, Schum. Gills free from abdominal :=:l UaU-u
sac, — their posterior extremity not united to the
mantle ; anal opening or region of mantle not fringed,
branchial fringed.
M. arcuata, Phil. Alasm. arcuaia, Barnes. Gould,
113, f. 75.
Alasmodonta, Say, emend. Gills attached to ab- , -^
dominal sac, attached also to the mantle to their ex-
tremity ; branchial siphon fringed, anal large, not
fringed. Eggs ?
A. MARGiNATA, Say. Gould, 116, f. 77.
Strophitus, Raf. emend. Gills attached ; eggs re-
ceived in the whole extent of the outer gill ; anal
opening not fringed.
S. UNDULATUS, Raf. Anodonta undulata, Say. Gould,
120, f. 79.
S. scuLPTiLis, Ag., MS. Unio undulata, Say. Alasm-
undulala, Barnes. Gould, 115, f. 76. Alasm. sculp-
iilis, Say.
Anodonta, Brug. Gills free ; eggs throughout the
gill ; anal opening not fringed.
A. Benedictensis, Lea. — Lake Champlain.
A. iMPLiCATA, Say. Gould, 118, f. 78. — Eastern Mas-
sachusetts.
A. FLuviATiLis, Lea. Gould, 117, f. 80. Mytilus Jiuvi-
atilis, Dill.
A. MARGINATA, Say.
A. Housatonica, Linsley, Conn. Cat. Gould, Am.
Journ. 1848.
A. subcylindracea, Lea. — Connecticut, (fide Linsley.)
16 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
CYCLADIDyE.
Cyclas similis, Say. Gould, 72, f. 53.
C. RHOMBoiDEA, Say. Adams, in Thomps. Hist. Ver-
mont.
C. ELEGANS, Adams. Gould, 74, f. 55.
C. PARTUMEiA, Say. Gould, 73, f. 54.
C. PELLUciDA, Prime, MS. C. calyculata, Adams,
Thomps. Hist. Vermont.
C. TRUNCATA, Lins. Gould, Am. Jour., 1848.
C. oRBicuLARiA, Barratt. Linsley, Conn. Cat.
PisiDiUM DUBiuM, Gould, in Agassiz' Lake Superior,
345. Cyclias dubia, Say. Gould, 75, f. 56.
P. MINUS, St. Cyclas minor, Ad. et Migh.
P. Adamsii, Prime, MS. Cyclas nitida, Ad. et Migh.
(preoc.)
P. vENTRicosuM, Prime. Bost. Proc, iv. 68.
KELLIAD^.
Montacuta elevata, St. M. bidentata, Gould, 59.
(non Angl.) — Lamin. New Bedford Harb. (Shiv-
erick.) On the sands of Chelsea Beach, thrown up
alive, (W. S.) It differs from M. bidentata in the po-
sition of the beaks, and in its proportions.
TuRTONiA MiNUTA, Alder. F. et H. Venus minuta, O.
Fabr. — Litt. Mass. Bay. This species, not before
noticed on our coast, I have found abundantly in
June, about the roots of the fuci which cover the
boulders at Point Shirley.
ACEPHALA. 17
Kellia planulata, St. K. rubra, Gould, 60, f. 33, —
Lamin. New Bedford Harb. (Shiverick.) Buzzard's
Bay in 3 f. gravel, (Prime and W. S.) Boston Harb.
in 5 f. shelly bottom, (W. S.) It differs from K ru-
bra, as appears from actual comparison, in its com-
pressed form and in the minuteness of its beaks.
LUCINID^.
Thyasira Gouldii, St. Liicina Gouldii, Phil. Zeitsch.
fiir Malak. 1845, p. 74. Lucina fiexuosa, Gould, (non
Angl.) — Lamin., on sandy bottoms. Whole Coast.
Eastport in 5 f. (W. S.) Salem Harb. 3 f. (Wh.)
Stonington, (Lins.)
Lucina strigilla, St. L. divaricata, Auct. Gould, non
( Tellina) Lin. — Nantucket. Forbes and Hanley
(Brit Moll. ii. 54) have shown this species to be dis-
tinct from the true divaricata of Linnasus, and as I
find no other name for it, I have called it for the pres-
ent by that which was applied to it as a generic
name by Turton.
r-j-h L. filosa, St. Lucina radula, Gould, 69, non ( Tellina)
Mont — In 6 f. sand near Pt Shirley, (W. S.)
Phillips Beach, alive after a storm, (Holder.) Our
shell differs from the European species in its greater
size, its more distant and regular raised concentric
striae, and its color.
ASTARTID^.
Cardita borealis, Con. Gould, 94, f. 58. — Lamin.
3
Y^.^ ^^ '-^^ l^- ^■^'
18 SHELT-S OF NEW ENGLAND.
Whole Coast. Plentiful in 3 f. mud, Eastport ; rare
in 40 f. off Grand Manan, (W. S.) Off Isles of
Shoals, 20 f. sand, ( Wh.) St. George's Bank, in 30 f.
(Tufts.) Vineyard Sound, 6 - 14 f. ( Ag.) Nantuck-
et Shoals in 20 f. (Ag.) The animal agrees with
that of Astarte.
AsTARTE MACTRACEA, Linslej, Conn. Cat. 71. Desc. by
Gould, Am. Jour., Sept. 1848. A. lunulala, Con. (?)
— Lamin. Stonington, (Linsley.) New Bedford
Ilarb. in 4 f. gi-avel, (Prime and W. S.) This species
occurs in the Post Pliocene deposits of South Carolina,
and was found alive on that coast by Lieut. Kurtz.
A. SULCATA, Flem. Gould, 78, f. 46. Pecluncidus sulca-
ius, Da Costa. " A. tindata, Gould," Migh. — Lamin.
et Corall. Whole Coast. Common at Eastport in
4 to 60 faths. mud, (W. S.) Marblehead Harb. at
low water, (Haskell.) Stonington, (Lins.) Vine-
yard Sound, 6 f. (Ag.)
A. PoRTLANDicA, Mighcls, Bost. Jour. iv. 345. — Casco
Bay.
A. QUADRANs, Gould, 81, f. 48. — Lamin. et Corall.
Casco Bay to Stonington, Conn. Salem Harb. in 4
f. sand, (Wh. and W. S.)
A. CASTANEA, Say. Gould, 76, f. 4o. — Lamin. From
Casco Bay southward.
CYPRINID^.
Cyprtna Islandica, Lam. [Venus) Lin. — Lamin.
Whole Coast.
ACEPHALA.
CARDIAD^.
19
Cardium Islandicum, Lin. Gould, 89, f. 58. — Corall.
Eastport in from 6 to 60 faths. (W. S.) Ofi" Cape
Cod, in 35 f. (Atwood.)
C. piNNULATUM, Con. Gould, 90, f. 57. — Lamin. Whole
Coast.
C. MoRTONi, Con. — Litt. Nantucket, R. I., and Conn.
Aphrodite Grcenlandica, St. Cardium Grcrnlandicum,
Chemn. Gould, 92. C. edentulmn, Sow. Acardo
edentulus, Swains., 1840. Aphrodite columba, Lea.
— Corall. Cape Cod Bay, (W. S.) and off Stoning-
ton, Conn. (Lins.)
VENERID^.
Venus mercenaria, Lin. Gould. — Litt. Occurs spar-
ingly north of Cape Cod, plentifully south of it. Tt
is abundant in the Post Pliocene clay of Point Shir-
ley.
V. FLUCTUOSA, Gould, 87, f. 50. — From the Bank
Fisheries.
V. GEMMA, Tott. Gould, 88, f. 51. — Litt. Whole Coast.
Cytherea convexa, Say. Gould, 84, f. 49. — Lamin.
From Casco Bay to N. Y.
Var. minor. In Buzzard's Bay at the depth of eight
fathoms, in mud, I have dredged many specimens of
a Cptherea,none of which exceed | in. in length. Its
animal differs somewhat from that of C. convexa. It
is probably C. morrhuana, Lins. Conn. Cat. 85, but un-
til further examination must be regarded as a variety.
20 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
MACTRID^.
Mactra LATEfiALis, Say. Gould, 54, f. 34, 35. — Lamin.
From Cape Ann southward. Creeks near Salem,
(True.)
M. PONDEROSA, Phil. BI. ovalis, Gould, 53, f. 32.
(preoc.) — Lamin. Eastport and Grand Manan, at
low water mark, large and plentiful, (W. S.) and
southward to Cape Cod.
M. soLiDissiMA, Chemn. Gould, 51. — Litt. et Lamin.
Whole Coast.
M. siMiLis, Say, 1821. — Connecticut.
DONACID^.
Mesodesma arctatum, Gould. Mactra arctata, Con,,
1830. — Lamin. Whole Coast.
M. deauratum, Hanley. Mactra deaurata, Turt. Me-
sodesma Jawesii, Joannis. Gould, 58, f. 38. — St.
George's Bank.
TELLINIDaE.
CuMiNGiA TELLiNoiDEs, Con., 1830. Gould, 56, f. 36.
— Lamin. From Cape Cod southward. An exam-
ination of the animal of this species leads me to place
it in this family rather than among the Mactridce
where it has been hitherto placed.
Tellina fusca, Phil. Sanguinolaria fiisca, (Say, 1825.)
Con. Gould. Tellina Gronlandica, Beck. (?) — Litt.
Whole Coast.
ACEPHALA.
21
T. PRoxiMA, Brown. F. et H. Sanguinolaria sordida,
Gould. T. sordida, Couth. Migh. T. calcarea, Lyell,
etc. — Corall. Eastport to Cape Cod.
T. TENERA, Say, 1821. Gould, 68, f. 44. — Lamin. Low
water to 14 f. sand and pebbles. Cape Ann to N. Y.
T. TENTA, Say. Gould, 67, f. 43. — Lamin. From Cape
Cod southward.
T. VERSICOLOR, Cozzens. Dekay. Lins. — Lamin.
Long Island Sound.
T. ELUCENS, Migh., Bost. Proc. i. 188. — Maine.
SOLEMYAD^.
SoLEMYA VELUM, Say, 1821. Gould, 35. — Litt. and
Lamin. Whole Coast.
The animal has the mantle closed except at a large
opening, with cirrated edges anteriorly, for the passage
of the foot, and at a single small opening at the pos-
terior extremity, also cirrated. Foot large, truncated
and excavated at its extremity, which has fimbriated
edges. Branchiae consisting of a very thick lobe on
each side, situated far posteriorly, and having a lon-
gitudinal sulcus at the middle in each. Palpi very
small and slender. The thinness of the shell ena-
bles the animal to make surprising leaps, and I have
seen it leaping or swimming about in the water for
some time without touching the bottom. The leap
is performed by suddenly drawing in the umbrella-
shaped foot at the same time that water is expelled
from the posterior opening by the closing of the
valves.
S. BOREALis, Tott. Gould, 36. — Lamin. Whole Coast.
22 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
SOLENID^.
SoLEcuRTus GiBBUS, F. ct H. Soleu g-ibbus, Speiigler.
S. Caribccus, Lam. Solecurtus Caribaus, Con. Gould,
30. — Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
S. BiDENs, F. et H. Solen bidens, Chemn. S.fragilis,
Pult. S. centralis, Say, 1821. Solecurlus frag-ilis,
Gould, 31. — Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
Mach^era squama, Gould, MS. Solecurtus squama,
Blainv. Mach. nitida, Gould, 33, f. 25, 26. — From
the Bank Fisheries.
M. costata, Gould, 34. Solen cnstatus, Say, 1821.
S. Nahanlensis, Des Moulins, 1832. S. Sai/i, Grif-
fith's Cuvier. — Lamin. Whole Coast.
Solen ensis, Lin. Gould, 28. — Litt. Whole Coast.
The specimens which I have received from Rhode
Island and other parts of our coast, marked S. viridis,
Say, do not agree with specimens of that shell from
S. Carolina, but seem to be the young of a variety of
S. ensis.
ANATINIDiE.
Anatina papvracea. Say. Gould, 47, f. 27. — Lamin.
From Cape Ann southward.
Cochlodesma Leanum, Couth. Gould, 49, f. 29, 30.
Anatina Leana, Con. 1830. — Lamin. From Casco
Bay southward.
Thracia truncata, Mighels, Bost. Jour. iv. 38. 1841.
Stimpson, Bost. Proc. iv. 13. — Corall. Casco Bay,
act;piiai-a.
23
(Migh.) Mass. Bay, (W. S.) Off Martha's Vine-
yard, ( Ag.) Off coast of Long Island, in 38 f. (C. S.)
T. CouTHouYi, St., Bost. Proc. iv. 8. 1851. T. parva,
alba, solidula, orbiculato-ovalis, sub-aequilateralis,
compressa, antice angustior, rotundata; postice late
truncata ; striis concentrieis insequalibus rugosa ;
sinus siphonalis latus. Ossiculum minutissimum
Long. .7, lat. .54, poll.
Corall. Eastport, Me., and Mass. Bay.
T. CoNRADi, Couth. Gould, 50. — Lamin. Whole
Coast. Eastport, in 6 f. (W. S.) The absence of
an ossiculum in this species, (which is found in the
two preceding species,) would seem sufficient to sep-
arate it generically from other Thracia. But the ani-
mal resembles so closely that of the large English
species which possess the ossiculum, that I have
thought it best to consider the appendage unimpor-
tant.
PANDORID^.
Lyonsia hyalina, Con. Ostesdesma JiT/alina, Couth.
Gould, 46, f. 31. — Lamin. Whole Coast.
Pandora trilineata, Say. Gould, 44. — Laminarian.
Whole Coast. Eastport Harb. 5 f. mud, (W. S.)
Portland Harb. (Migh.) Salem Harb. in 1 to 6 f.
(Wh.) Boston Harb. in 4 f. shelly ground, (W^ S.)
Nantucket at low water, (Parker.) Vineyard Sound,
(Ag.) Buzzard's Bay in 8 f. (Prime and W. S.)
24 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
CORBULIDiE.
CoRBULA coNTRACTA, Say. Gould, 43, f. 37. — Lamin.
From Cape Cod southward.
MYAD^.
Glycymeris siliqua, Lam. Gould, 39. Mya siliqim,
Chemn. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward. Na-
hant Beach, alive, after a storm, (W. S.) Province-
town Harb. (Tott.)
Panop^ea Norvegica, Lov<!.n. 3I//a Norvcg-ica, Spengl.
Panopcca arctica, Desh. Gould, 37, f. 27. — From
the Banks.
Mya truncata, lAn. Gould, 42. — Litt. to Corall.
Eastport at low water, among pebbles, (W. S.) and
southward to Cape Cod.
M. arenaria, Lin. Gould. — Litt. Whole Coast.
GASTROCH^NID.E.
Petricola pholadiformts. Lam. 1818. Gould. P.
fornicaia, Say, 1821. — Litt. Whole Coast.
P. DACTYLUs, Say. Gould, 65. — Litt. Cape Cod to
N. Y. I have found the difierences between this and
the preceding species, mentioned by Dr. Gould, to be
inconstant, but I defer to his authority in regarding
it distinct.
The propriety of placing this genus among the
Gastrochcenid(B may be questioned. Our species
have very robust siphons which are sometimes ex-
ACEPHALA.
25
tended to four times the length of the shell; the bran-
chiae are coarsely pectinated, — the outer leaflet be-
ing one third shorter than the inner one. The foot
is compressed, resembling somewhat that of Venus.
But at a point a little behind the middle of its sole
or lower edge, I have detected a minute slit, from
which I have once seen a byssus issuing.
The cirrhi around apertures of the siphons in P.
pholadiformis, are complicated, but very variable, and
sometimes entirely wanting, or represented only by
papillae. Much importance has been attached to
the form of the cirrhi among the characters of the
animals of Bivalves, but in most cases but little de-
pendence can be placed upon them.
Saxicava arctica, Desh. F. et H. Mt/a arctica, L.
S. distorta, Say. Gould. — Litt. to Corall. Whole
Coast.
S. RUGOSA, Lam. Mytilus rngosus, O. Fabr. Saxicava
distorta, Say. Gould. — Litt. to Corall. Whole
Coast.
PHOLADID^.
Pholas costata, Lin. Gould, 27. — Lamin. Alive
in the mud of New Bedford Harbor, (see Gould,
Bost. Proc. ii. 81.)
P. TRUNCATA, Say. Gould, Bost. Proc. ii. 81. — Lamin.
New Bedford Harbor, (Greene.) Connecticut, (Jay.)
P. CRispATA, Lin. Gould, 27. — Lamin. Eastport,
(W. S.) to Stonington, (Lins.) and intermediate
shores. Alive at Phillips Beach at low water, (True.)
4
26 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
Teredo dilatata, St. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851. — In
buoys, etc., Lynn, (Tufts.) What T. navalis, of
Linsley, Conn. Cat., found in floating wood in Long
Island Sound, is, I have no opportunity of determin-
ing.
GASTEROPODA
PTEROPODA.
HYALEAD^.
Hyalea TRisi'iNosA, Lesueur. — Occasionally cast
ashore at Nantucket.
LIMACINADJE.
Spirialis Gouldii, St. PL I. Fig. 4. Bost. Proc. iv. 8,
1851. T. ovato-globosa, vitrea, pertenuis, pellucida,
IsBvissima, arete et profunde umbilicata; spira conoi-
dea ; anf. 7, lineis minutis volventibus, impressis, re-
motis insculpti ; anf. ultimus magnus ; apertura spi-
ram sub-sequans, antice obtusa. Long. .1 ; lat. .075.
— Whole Coast.
CLIONID^.
Clione borealis, Gray. Clione, Pallas. Clio borealis,
Lin. Dekay.
28 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
PllOSOBRANCHIATA.
DENTALIAD^.
Dentalium striolatum, St. Bost. Proc. Oct. 1851.
D. entalis, Migh. (non L.) — Lamin. Corall. Casco
Bay, (Migh.) Penobscot Bay, (Walden.) Eastport
Harb. 10 f. mud, (W. S.) Off Grand Manan, in 40
f. gravelly mud, (W. S.) Off Isles of Shoals in 20
f. sand, (Wh.) Mass. Bay, (Tufts.) It diff'ers
from the European species to which it has been re-
ferred in being more slender, and in its frequent
smoothness, — the striations being often difficult to
detect.
D. occiDENTALE, St. D. dcntale, Gould, 155, f. 5. (non
Auct.) — Deep water on the Coast of Maine, and
in Mass. Bay.
CHITONID^.
Chiton apiculatus. Say, Am. Conch., No. 8. C. pecli-
natus, Gould, MS. — Laminarian. From Cape Cod
southward.
C. cinereus, Lin. C. marginatus, Penn. Gould, 147,
f. 22. — Lift. Since the discovery of the specimen
mentioned by Dr. Gould, no other has been found on
our coast.
C. ALBus, Lin. Gould, 150, f. 21. Middendorff, Malac.
Kossic, i. 120. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., ii.
405. — Litt. Lamin. Eastport at low water, (W. S.)
Isles of Shoals, (Wh.) to Cape Cod.
GASTEROPODA. 29
C. RUBER, Lin. Gould, 144, f. 24. Midd., Make.
Rossic, i. 117. — Lamin. From Cape Cod north-
ward.
C. MARMOREUS, O. Fabr. F. et H. C levigalus, Flem.
Migh. C fulminatus, Couth. Gould, 148, f. 23. —
Litt. Lamin. From Cape Cod northward.
C. MENDicARius, Migh. ct Ad., Bost. Jour., iv. 42, 1841. —
Maine.
Amicula vestita, Gray. Chiton vestitus, Brod, et
Sow., 1828. C. Emersonii, Couth., 1838. Gould,
151, f. 19.— Corall. From Cape Cod northward.
Salem Harbor, in 20 f. gravel, (Wh.)
PATELLID^.
PiLiDiuM CANDiDUM, St. Patella Candida, Couth. Gould.
Corall. D. S. Coral. From Cape Cod northward.
The shell of this species does not correspond with
that of Propilidium ancyloide, to which it is referred
by Forbes and Hanley. There is perhaps some
doubt as to the necessity of the genus Propilidium.
This species occurred to me on stones in 40 f. off
Grand Manan. It has short tentacles, destitute of
eyes ; a large foot ; the mantle with a thick edge,
fringed. (?) The liver is green ; above which are seen
the convolutions of the thick intestine, which sur-
round it. The intestine is filled with a reddish
brown mud, and the anus opens on the back of the
neck.
Tectura testudinalis, Gray. Patella t., Miill. P.
30
SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
amcBna, Say. Lollia testudinalis, Forbes. Gould,
153, f. 12. Acmcea testudinalis, Hanley. — Litt. Whole
Coast.
T. ALVEUs, St. Patella alveus, Con., 1830. Loltia al-
veus, Gould, 154, f. 13. — Litt. Whole Coast. At
Bird Island, in Boston Harbor, this species occurs
abundantly upon stones and shells, still retaining its
characters; which is sufficient to show that it is not
a variety of the last.
CALYPTR^IDiE.
Calyptr.ea striata. Say, J. A. N. S., v. 216, 1825. —
Lamin. Whole coast. Eastport Harbor, 4 f. (W. S.)
Portland Harb. (Migh.) St. George's Banks, (W.
S.) Nantucket, (Ag.)
Crepidula fornicata. Lam. Say. Gould, 158, f. 17.
Patella /., Lin. Crepidula glauca, Say. Gould. —
Lamin. Whole Coast.
C. unguiformis. Lam. C. plana, Say. Gould, 159, f. 16.
— Lamin. Whole Coast. C. fornicata, as well as
this species, sometimes occurs in the apertures of uni-
valves, where it preserves its color, convexity, and oth-
er characters.
C. coNVEXA, Say. Gould, 160, f. 15. — Litt. Lamin.
From Mass. Bay southward.
FISSURELLIDiE.
Diadora Noachina, Gray. Patella Noachina, Lin.
Cemoria Noachina, Gould, 156, f. 18. C. princeps,
GASTEROPODA. 31
Migh. et Ad. Puncturella Noachina, Lowe. F. et H.
— Corall. and D. S. Coral. From Cape Cod north-
ward. Eastport Harbor, 25 f. rocky bottom, (W. S.)
Off Manchester, Cape Ann, in 20 f. gravel, (Wh.)
Var. C. princeps in 30 f. gravel, off' Grand Manan,
(W. S.)
TROCHIDvE.
Trochus occidentalis, Migh. et Ad., 1841. Margarita
alahastrum, Beck, MS. Loven. Trochus alabastrum,
Forbes et Hanley. — Coralline. Maine. In 30 f.
gravel, off" Grand Manan, (W. S.)
Margarita cinerea, Gould, 252. Loven. Turbo ci-
7iereus, Couth., 1838. — Lamin. Corall. West Isles
near Eastport, in 10 f. gravel, (W. S.) In 40 f. off"
Grand Manan, (W. S.) and southward to Cape Cod.
M. obscura, Gould, 253, f. 171*. Turbo obscurus,
Couth., 1838. — Lamin. Whole Coast N. of Cape
Cod, and at Stonington, Conn, (fide Linsley.) East-
port, 6 f., mud, (W. S.) Grand Manan, 4 f., sand,
(W. S.) Off* Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.)
Beverly Harb. (Ag.) Off Egg Rock, near Nahant,
17 f. sand, (Tufts and Haskell.) Provincetown Har-
bor, (Tott.)
M. UNDULATA, Sow. Gould, 254, f. 172*. — Lamin.
From Cape Cod northward. Grand Manan, 4 f.
nuUipore bottom, (W. S.)
M. ARGENTATA, Gould, 256, f. 174*. — Corall. Grand
Manan, (W. S.) to Cape Cod.
32 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
M. HELiciNA, Moll. Loven. Turbo helicinus, O. Fabr.
3Iarg-arUa arclica, Gould, 255, f. 173*. Trochus heli-
cinus, F. et H. — Litt. Lamin. From Cape Cod
northward.
M. coARCTATA, St. Delpliiifiula coarciala, Mighels, Bost.
Jour., iv. 349. — Casco Bay. An examination of the
animal is necessary to determine the position of this
species.
Dekay has described two species of Margarita from
the vicinity of New York, — M. multilineala and M.
ornala. His descriptions and figures do not enable
me to determine them.
Adeorbis costulata, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 14. Marga-
rita? costnlata, Moll., 1842. ? costulata, F. et H.
3Iarg. minutissima, Mighels, 1843. (?) — Corall. Off
Grand Manan in 30 f. (W. S.) to Mass. Bay.
Phasianella sulcosa, Migh., Bost. Jour., iv. 348. —
Maine. It will be impossible to determine the true
place of this shell without an examination of the an-
imal, until which I leave it where Dr. Mighels has
placed it.
lANTHINID^.
lANxniNA fragilis, Brug. Gould, 240. — Occasionally
cast ashore at Nantucket.
PALUDINID^.
Melania depygis. Say. Adams, in Thompson's Hist.
Vermont. — Lake Champlain.
GASTEROPODA.
33
Paludina decisa, Say. Gould, 227.
Amnicola porata, Gould, 229, f. 157.
A. pallida, Hald. — Vermont. Conn.
Valvata tricarinata, Say. Gould, 225, f. 156.
V. siNCERA, Say. Adams, in Thomps. Hist. Vermont.
V. pupoiDEA, Gould, 226, f. 155.
LITTORINID^.
LiTTORiNA RUDis, Gould, 257. Nerita littorea, O.
Fabr. Turbo rudis, Don. T. tenebrosus, Mont. T.
obligatus, Say. T. vestitus, Say. L. Gronlandica,
Moll. L. tenebrosa, Forbes. Gould. — Litt. Whole
Coast. I follow Clark, (An. and Mag. Nat. Hist,
2d Ser., 362,) in considering the various forms to
which the synonymes apply as varieties.
L. LiTTORALis, F. ct H. Nerita Httoralis, L. Turbo
palliatus, Say. L. palliata, Gould, 260, f. 177*. L.
neritoides. Dekay. — Litt. Whole Coast.
L. iRRORATA, Gray. Turbo irroratus, Say, July, 1822.
Phasianella sulcata, Lam. Aug., 1822. Ravenel, Cat.
— Litt. Connecticut.
Lacuna vincta, Turt. Gould, 262, f. 178*. Turbo di-
varicatus, O. Fabr. (non L.) T. vinctus, Mont. —
Litt. Lamin. Whole Coast.
L. NERiToiDEA, Gould, 263, f. 170. — Litt. Lamin.
Whole Coast.
RissoA MiNUTA, St. Turbo minutus, Tott. Cingula mi-
nuta, Gould, 265, f. 171. — Litt. Whole Coast.
R. MODESTA, St. Cingula modesta, H. C. Lea, Bost.
5
34 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
Jour., V. 288, 1844. — Litt. Connecticut. C. Icsvis,
Dekay, is perhaps this species.
R. LATioR, St. Cing-ula latior, Migh. et Ad., Bost. Jour.,
iv. 48, 1841. — Corall. Maine.
R. EBURNEA, St., PI. I. fig. 1. Bost. Proc, iv. 14. T.
parva, ovato-conoidea, alba, nitida, laevis. Anf. 4
convexiusculi, ad suturam subangulati ; apertura ova-
to-elliptica, labro tenui, simplici, acuto, antice effuse.
Long. .16, lat. .09, poll.
Corall. Mass. Bay.
R. ACULEus, St., Bost Proc, iv. 15. Cing-ula aculeus,
Gould, 266, f. 172. Paludinella aculeus, Midden-
dorff. (?) — Litt. Whole Coast.
R. MULTiLiNEATA, St., PI. I. fig. 2. Bost. Proc, Iv. 14.
T. minuta, oblongo-ovata, obtusa, alba; anf. 5 con-
vexi, striis transversis, minutis, ad 20, — ornati ; aper-
tura orbiculato-ovata, labro incrassato, effuso. Long.
.1, lat. .045, poU.
Lamin. Mass. Bay.
R. MiGHELsii, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 15. Cingula arenaria,
Migh. et Ad. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward.
R. EXARATA, St., PI. I. fig. 3. Bost. Proc, iv. 15. T.
parva, ovata, fusca, solidula, imperforata ; anf. 5 con-
vexiusculi, postice subplicati, costis transversis, ele-
vatis, inaequidistantibus, (tribus ad anf. supr.,) —
cincti; apertura parva, ovata, labro incrassato. Long.
.11, lat. .05, poll.
Lamin. Boston Harbor.
R. PELAGicA, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 15. Cingula semi-
costata, Migh. et Ad. — Corall. In 30 f. gravel, off
Duck Island, Grand Manan, (W. S.) to Mass. Bay.
GASTEROPODA.
35
Skenea planorbis, F. et H. Turho planorbis, O. Fabr.
Skenea serpuloides, Gould, 247, f. 189. (non Angl.)
— Litt. From Cape Cod northward.
TURRITELLIDiE.
TuRRiTELLA cosTULATA, Migh. ct Ad., Bost. Jour., iv. 50.
— Corall. Eastport Harb., 30 f., rocky bottom, ( W. S.)
Casco Bay, (Migh.)
T. AREOLATA, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 16. T. parva, subper-
forata, turrita, rubra, costis transversis, distantibus,
quatuor, (duabus ad anf. sup.) et plicis elevatis, inter-
ruptis, — areolata ; anf. 6 convexi ; apertura antice
efFusa ; labro acuto. Long. .18, lat. .09, poll.
This is probably a young shell, but it appears dis-
tinct from any of our species. It approaches T. re-
ticulata, Mgh., from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, but
the transverse ribs are more prominent, and the lon-
gitudinal ones less so, than in that shell.
Corall. Mass. Bay.
T. EROSA, Couth. Gould, 267. — Corall., and Dp. S.
Coral. In 50 f. mud, off Campo-bello, near Eastport,
Me., (W. S.) and southward to Cape Cod.
T. ACicuLA, St., PI. I. f. 5. Bost. Proc, iv. 15. T. parva,
turrita, subulata, Candida, tenuis ; anf. 10 valde con-
vexi, longitudinaliter striati, costis transversis qua-
rum tribus majoribus, cincti ; apertura rotundata,
antice effusa, labro acuto. Long. .22, lat. .08, poll.
Corall. Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. sandy mud,
and near Duck Island, in 5 f. sand, (W. S.) and
southward to Cape Cod.
36 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
This species is distinguished from the young of
T. erosa by its much more convex whorls and prom-
inent ribs.
CcECUM PULCHELLUM, St., PL II. f. 3. Bost. Proc, Oct.
1851. Shell in its adult state clavate, .1 inch in
length and .025 inch in breadth at its broadest part,
arcuated, contracted at both extremities, and having
a somewhat angular appearance at its outer or dor-
sal outline, which is much longer than the inner. It
is somewhat thick and strong, of a pale yellowish-
brown color, and sculptured with about twenty-five
strong rounded ribs, broader anteriorly, but narrow-
er posteriorly, than their interspaces, not project-
ing sharply beyond the outline of the shell, but giv-
ing it a waved appearance. Operculum multispiral,
of about eight volutions, corneous, and concave on
the outer surface.
The animal agrees nearly with the English species,
C. trachea, as described by Mr. Clark. The head
projects but little in advance of the foot, which is
short. The muzzle is cleft and transversely wrinkled,
and has two black spots above just in front of the
tentaculae, which are thick, curved, and covered with
large vibrillae. The eyes are conspicuous, black, oval,
and situated at nearly the middle of the bases of the
tentaculae, a little toward the inner sides. The oper-
culigerous lobe projects a little beyond the operculum.
In keeping alive several individuals of this species
from April to November I observed the following
stages of growth : — 1st. A slender, thin, arcuated form
GASTEROPODA. 37
with few distant ribs. 2d. The anterior half of this
form, left by the decadence of its posterior half, with
a part of the growing adult shell. 3d. The adult
form. Thus septa would appear to be thrice formed.
This species inhabits the Laminarian zone in New
Bedford Harbor, where it was dredged adhering to
groups of Vermeti. (W. S.)
CERITHIAD^.
Aporrhais occidentalis, Beck. Rostellaria occiden-
talism Gould, 298, f. 205. — Corall. Off Campo-bello,
in 50 f. mud, (W. S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand,
(Wh.)
Cerithium Sayi, Menke. Gould, 278, f. 183. — Litt.
From Cape Cod southward.
C. Greenii, Adams. Gould, 279, f. 184. — Lamin.
Boston Harb., 3 f. (W. S.) and southward.
C. NiGROciNCTUM, Ad. Gould, 277, f. 182. — Lamin.
From Buzzard's Bay southward.
VERMETID^.
Vermetus radicula, St. V. lumbricalis, Gould, 246.
(non Lam.) — Lamin. From Buzzard's Bay south-
ward.
This species may very probably be identical with
V, bicarinatus, or V. Knorrii of Deshayes, or more
properly, perhaps, they are all varieties of one species.
Specimens from Buzzard's Bay agree with those
from N. C, and differ from the West Indian shells,
38 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
(from which, probably, Deshayes established his spe-
cies,) in their less prominent carina?, and their cine-
reous color.
The true position of the Vermetidce is difficult to
determine. They have relations with the last two
families in their shells, particularly in the plugging
up of the upper whorls as the shell advances in
growth. In the young animal, before its escape from
the eg^, the shell appears helicoid and reversed, thus
showing some affinity with the PyramidellidtE. As
a description of the animal may be useful in this con-
nection, I give it here.
Its color is a light brown, with spots and patches
of black. The mantle is fringed at its margin with
short filaments. The branchial plume is very large
and long, situated nearly over the middle of the back
of the animal. The foot is very short and broad, di-
lated into rounded auricles anteriorly. The muzzle
is broad, not cleft; the tongue small. The tentacles
are short, conical, having the eyes at their external
bases. An elevated ridge runs along the back, be-
comes flattened into a membrane at the head, and
passes round under the right tentacle, forming a kind
of canal ; near which is the anus. The operculum
is corneous, concentric, black and hard on the inner,
and lamellated on the outer surface. It is surround-
ed by a thin, membranous, flexible portion, about one
fourth its diameter ; — thus it is enabled to close its
shell perfectly at the aperture, and yet to retreat far
into the narrower whorls.
GASTEROPODA. 39
The eggs were deposited in July. They were soft,
slightly cohering in the form of an elongated cone,
bent into a half circle. When laid, the eggs were in
an advanced stage of development, each containing
from six to eight young animals, which had already
commenced forming their shells.
SCALARIAD^.
ScALARiA NovANGLi.E, Couth., 1838. Gould, 248. —
Corall. Mass. Bay. Since the single specimen
found by Mr. Couthouy, no other has occurred.
S. Gronlandica, Gould, 249, f. 170*. — Corall. and D.
S. Coral. Eastport Harb. 10 f. sand, (W. S.) Off
Head Harbor, in 50 f. ( W. S.) Off Grand Manan, in
40 f. mud, (W. S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand,
(Wh.) Off Nahant, in 17 f. hard sand, (Tufts and
Hask.) Off Race Pt, in 30 f. gravel, (Atvv.) Nan-
tucket Shoals, in 20 f. (Ag.)
S. lineata. Say. Gould, 250. — Lamin. From Buz-
zard's Bay, southward.
S. multistriata. Say. Gould, 251. — Lamin. Buz-
zard's Bay, (Shiverick.)
EuLiMA OLEACEA, Kurtz ct Stimpson. PL I. fig. 6.
Bost. Proc, Oct. 1851. T. parva, subulata, solida,
nitidissima, alba, vel fasciis transversis pallide fuscis,
ornata ; anf. 12, planati, contigui ; sutura incon-
spicua ; apertura parva, ovata. Long. .25, lat. .06,
poll.
The animal is white, hyaline ; tentacles almost
40 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
joining each other at their bases, where, on the exter-
nal sides, are the eyes, which may be seen through
the shell, when, as is usually the case, the head does
not project beyond it. Foot short, broad, slightly
produced at the anterior angles ; the lobe above pro-
jecting a little beyond it.
This is a very variable species, especially as re-
gards the form and length of the aperture. Conrad
has described two species from the miocene of Vir-
ginia which closely resemble this. It was dredged
in Buzzard's Bay, several miles from land, at the
depth of eight fathoms, where the bottom is com-
posed of a soft gray mud.
PYRAMIDELLID^.
Menestho albula, Moll. Turbo albulus, O. Fabr.
Pyramis striatula, Couth. Gould, 269, f. 174. — Co-
rail. West Isles near Eastport, Me., in 10 f. gravel,
(W. S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Off
Baker's I., in 20 f. gravel, (Wh. and W. S.) Off
Cape Cod, in 30 f. shelly bottom, (Atvv.)
Chemnitzia nivea, St. Bost. Proc, Oct. 1851. T. aci-
culata, subcylindrica, alba, nitida ; anfr. 11, planati,
longitudinaliter plicati, plicis rectis, interstitiis Ise-
vissimis. Long. .28, lat. .04, poll.
Animal white ; head short ; tentacles triangular,
very broad, with the eyes at nearly the middle of
their bases ; foot elongated, with an arcuated inden-
tation at its anterior terminus.
GASTEROPODA. 41
This species differs from C. interrtipla in being
more slender, in wanting revolving lines, and also
totally in its station, — the deeper parts of the Coral-
line zone. It was taken in forty fathoms, on a mud-
dy and gravelly bottom, off Grand Manan, a large
island lying off Eastport, Maine, at the mouth of the
Bay of Fundy.
C. iNTERRUPTA, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 16. Tarritella in-
terrupta, Tott. Gould, 268, f. 173. — Lamin. Bos-
ton Harb. 3 f (W. S.) New Bedford Harb. (Ad.)
and southward.
C. PRODucTA, St. Jaminia producta, Ad. Odostomia
producta, Gould, 270, f. 175. — Litt. From Buz-
zard's Bay southward.
C. FuscA, St. Pyramis fusca, Ad. Odost. fusca,
Gould, 270, f. 176. — Litt. Boston Harb. (W. S.)
New Bedford, (Ad.) and southward. The specimen
from Boston Harbor differs considerably from those
found at New Bedford, and is perhaps a different
species.
C. DEALBATA, St., Bost. Proc, Oct. 1851.
It is broader than C. bisuturalis, has not so sharp
an apex, and wants the revolving line. Dredged in
Boston Harbor, in 3 f. on a shelly bottom, (W. S.)
C. MODESTA, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 16. T. parva, conica,
alba, IsBvis ; anf 4, plannlati, ultimo medio subangu-
lato ; sutura impressa ; apertura uniplicata, sub-
rhomboidea. Long. .14, lat. .06, poll.
This species is more angular than C. bisuturalis,
and has no revolving line just below the suture as in
6
42 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
that shell. It is very like the British O. unidentata.
It inhabits the Coralline zone at St. George's Bank.
C. BisuTURALis, St., Bost. Proc., iv. 16. Turritella bi-
suturalis, Say, 1821. Jaminia exig-ua, Couth., 1838.
Odost. exigua, Gould, 272, f. 177. — Litt. Mass.
Bay.
C. TRiFiDA, St. AcUcon trifidus, Tott. Odost. frijida,
Gould, 274, f. 179. — Litt. Buzzard's Bay to N. Y.
C. IMPRESSA, Kurtz, MS. TtirrUclla impressa, Say.
Odoslomia insculpia, Dekay. (non Angl.) — Litt.
Connecticut.
C. SEMiNUDA, St., Bost. Proc, iv. 16. Jaminia seinimida,
Ad. Odost. seminuda, Gould. — Lamin. From
Mass. Bay northward.
NATICIDyE.
Natica flava, Gould, 239, f. 162. — Corall. D. S. Co-
ral. From Mass. Bay northward.
N. HELicoiDEs, Johnston, 1835. Loven. F. et H. N.
canaliculata, Gould, 235, f. 161, 1841. N. cornea^
Phil. Moll. K Goiddii, Ad., 1847. (non Phil.) — Co-
rail. From Mass. Bay northward.
N. HERos, Say. Gould, 231, f. 163. — Litt. Whole
Coast.
N. triseriata, Say. Gould, 233, f. 165. — Litt. Whole
Coast ; rare south of Cape Cod.
N. GouLDii, Phil. Zeitsch. fiir Malak., Mai, 1845.—
" Maine," Phil. This species I have not seen, but
insert on the authority of the distinguished author
quoted.
GASTEROPODA. 43
N. Gronlandica, Beck. Moll. K pusilla, Gould, 237,
f. 166. F. et H., Brit. Moll, (non Say.) — Lamin.
Corall. In 40 f. off Grand Manan, (W. S.) to Cape
Cod.
N. immaculata, Totten. Gould, 234, f. 168. — Lamin.
Whole Coast. Eastport Harb. 5 f. mud, (W. S.)
Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. (W. S.) Salem Harb.
3 f. mud and sand, (Wh. and W. S.) Boston Harb.
5 f. (W. S.) Provincetown Harb. (Tott.) Stoning-
ton, (Linsley.)
N. duplicata. Say. Gould, 236, f. 164. — Litt. Lamin.
From Mass. Bay southward.
N. PUSILLA, Say, J. A. N. S. ii. 257, 1821. — Lamin.
Buzzard's Bay in 3-8 f. (Prime and W. S.)
Lieut. Kurtz has found the shell here intended on
the coast of South Carolina, and is inclined to refer it
to Mr. Say's species. As it is somewhat uncertain,
I append the following description.
Shell resembling in shape N. immaculata, minute,
1 inch in length, thick and strong, yellowish brown,
(except around the umbilicus, where it is white,) and
beautifully marked with longitudinal zigzag lines of
mahogany color. Umbilicus closed by an abundant
white callus, leaving a narrow sulcus ; — there is also
much callus deposited on the pillar lip, especially
where it joins the outer lip. Operculum calcareous,
like that of K clausa.
N. CLAUSA, Brod. et Sow. Gould, 238, f. 167. — Corall.
From Cape Cod northward. Eastport and Grand
Manan, in 20-50 f. gravel, (W. S.)
44 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
VELUTINID^.
V"elutina iiALioToiDEs, M611. HtUx haliotoides, O.
Fabr. V. IcEvig-ata, Flem. Gould, 241, f. 159.— Co-
rall. From Cape Cod northward. Easfport Harb.
rocks in 20 f. (W. S.) Beverly Harb. (Ag.) Off
Cape Cod in 30 f. on shells, (Atw.) Provincetown
Harb. (Tott.)
V. zoNATA, Gould, 242, f. 160. — Corall. From Mass.
Bay northward. Off Friar's Head, Lubec, Me., on
stones in 14 f. (W. S.) Off Duck Island, in 40 f.
(W. S.)
Lamellaria perspicua, Loven. F. et H. Helix pcr-
spicua, Lin. Sigaretus haliotoideus, Flem. Gould,
244, f. 158. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward.
In 25 f. rocks. West Isles, near Eastport, Me. (W. S.)
The colors of our animal differ materially from those
of the European species, and the mantle seems to
have a permanent sinus on the right side.
As specific differences in this genus rest almost en-
tirely upon the animal, it is possible that we have L.
lenlaculata, also, in our waters.
CANCELLARIAD^.
Adaiete viridula, St. Tritonium viridulum, O. Fabr.
Marex coslel/ifer, Sow., M. C. Cancellaria buccinoi-
des, Couth, (non Sow.) C. Couthomji, Jay. Gould,
283, f. 190. Admete crispa, Mull. Cancellaria viri-
dula, Loven. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward.
Eastport and Grand Manan from 10 to 40 f. (W. S.)
GASTEROPODA.
45
Trichotropis BOREALis, Brod. et Sow. Gould, 300, f.
207. — Corall. From Cape Cod northward. West
Isles, near Eastport, in 20 f. gravel, (W. S.) Isles
of Shoals, in 15 f. (Wh.)
Cerithiopsis terebellum, St. Cerithium terebrale,
Ad. Gould, 276, f. 181. (preoc.) C. terebellum, Ad.,
Cat. Coll. — Laniin. From Buzzard's Bay south-
ward. An examination of the animals leads me to
place this and the succeeding species in the genus
Cerithiopsis, established by Forbes and Hanley in
February of this year, for the zoophagous Cerithia.
C. Emersonii, St. Cerithium Emersonii, Ad. Gould,
275, f. 180. — Lamin. From Buzzard's Bay south-
ward.
MURICIDJE.
Ranella caudata, Say. Gould, 297, f. 204. — Lamin.
From Buzzard's Bay southward.
Purpura lapillus. Lam. Gould, 301. Buccinum la-
pillus, Lin. — Litt. Whole Coast.
Nassa trivittata, Say, 1821. Buccirmm trivittatum,
Ad., 1838. Gould, 309, f. 211. — Lamin. Whole
Coast.
N. viBEX, Say, 1821. Buccinum vibex, Ad., 1838.
Gould, 310, f. 212. — Lamin. From Cape Cod
southward.
N. OBSOLETA, Say, 1821. Buc. obsoletum. Ad. Gould,
308, f. 210. — Litt. Whole Coast.
Buccinum undatum, Lin. Gould, 305. — Lamin. Co-
rall. Whole Coast. Eastport at low water, plenti-
46
SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
ful, (W. S.) Salem Harb., 1. w. to 15 f. (Tufts.)
Off Chatham, Cape Cod, 16 miles from land, abun-
dant, (Atw.) Nantucket, (Park.)
B. PLicosuM, Menke. Gould, 303, f. 213. Fusus cine-
revs, Say. — Litt. From Casco Bay southward. It
is not improbable that the establishment of a new
genus is requisite for this shell.
TuiTONiUiM VENTRicosuM, St. Fusus veiitricosiis, Gray.
Gould, 285, f. 200. — Corall. St. George's Banks.
Nantucket Shoals, (Ag.)
It would seem that the name Tritonium could be
most conveniently retained for Fusus. The names
Tritonium and Triton are sufficiently distinct.
T. IsLANDicuM, Loven. Murex I., Chemn. Fusus I.,
Gould, 284. — Lamin. Corall. From Nantucket
Shoals northward. Eastport at low water, (Ray.)
Off Cape Cod, in 30 f. (Atw.) Off Lynn, in 20 f.
(Tufts and Haskell.)
T. PYGMJEUM, St. F. IslandicKs, var. pjjgmwus, Gould.
F. pygmaus, Migh. — Corall. Whole Coast. East-
port and Grand Manan, in 6-50 faths. mud, (W.
S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f. sand, (Wh.) Off Na-
hant, in 17 f. (Tufts and Hask.)
This species difTers much from the young of T.
Islandicum, as is seen by comparing specimens of
each, of equal size. The animal also differs remark-
ably, in having its siphonal tube protruding far be-
yond the extremity of the canal of the shell, thus
showing a resemblance to Nassa.
T. DECEMcosTATUM, Middcndorff. Fusus decemcoslatus,
GASTEROPODA.
47
Say, 1825. Gould, 287, f. 202.— Lamin. [Corall.
From Cape Cod northward. Passamaquoddy Bay,
in mud at low water, (Ray.) Off Nahant, in 17 f.
(Tufts and Hask.) Off Cape Cod, in 35 f. ( Atw.)
T. CLATHBATUM, MlUl., O. Fabr. Loven. Midd. Mu-
rex clathralus, Lin. 31. Bamffius, Don. Fusus
Bamffivs, Flem. Gould, 289, f. 198. Trophon cla-
thratum, F. et H. — Corall. and D. S. Coral. From
Mass. Bay northward. Off Grand Manan, in 35 f.
(W. S.)
T. scALARiFORME, St. Fusus scalaHformis, Gould, 288,
f. 203. T. clathratum, var., Loven. — Corall. and D. S.
Corall. From Mass. Bay northward.
Fasciolaria ligata, Migh. et Ad. 1841. Bay of
Fundy, off Campo-bello, in 20-30 f. gravel, (W.
S.)
Pyrula canaliculata, Brug. Gould, 294, f. 206. Mu-
rex c, Lin. — Lamin. From Cape Cod southward.
P. cARicA, Brug. Gould, 296. Murex carica, Gmel.
Pyrula auruana, Reeve. — Lamin. From Cape Cod
southward.
CoLUMBELLA ROSACEA, St. Bucctfium rosaceuni,
Gould, 311, f. 195.— Lamin. Corall. West Isles
in 10 f. gravel, (W. S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20 f.
(Wh.) The animal resembles that of C. lunata.
C. DissiMiLis, St. T. parva, ovato-conica, solida, lon-
gitudinaliter substriata, fusca, ssepe albo trizonata ;
anf. 5, planati, apertura dimidiam spiram subae-
quante. Long. .023, lat. .01, poll. — Lamin. Co-
rall. Eastport Harbor, and Grand Manan, (W. S.)
48 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
This species differs from C. lunaia in its want of
revolving lines on the rostrum, and in its color. Buc-
cinwn zonale, Linsley, Connecticut, is probably the
young of this species, but the name is preoccupied.
The animal resembles that of C. limata, except in its
color, which is white.
C. LUNATA, Sow. Nassa /., Say. Buccinum /., Ad.
Gould, 312, f 196. — Litt. Lamin. From Cape
Cod southward.
Fusus Trumbulli, Linsley, I have not recognized.
Dekay's figure and description of Buccinum Veatleyi,
do not enable me to determine what was meant by
them.
C. GouLDiANA, Ag., MS. — Lamin. Mass. Bay.
Scarcely to be distinguished from C. lunaia. It is
larger, has a more produced rostrum, when young;
and its coloring consists of narrow, waved, longitudi-
nal reddish-brown lines, — it being seldom, if ever,
banded.
The animal also differs somewhat in coloring from
that of C. lunata.
C. AVARA, Say. Gould, 313, f 197. — Lamin. From
Mass. Bay southward.
CONIDtE.
Mangelia turricula, F. et H. Murex tnrricula, Mont.
Fusus turricula, Brown. Gould, 292, f. 193. — Co-
rail. From Cape Cod northward. Frequent in from
10 to 40 faths.
M. harpularia, St. Fusus harpularius, Couth. Gould,
GASTEROPODA. 49
291, f. 191. — Lamin. Corall. From Cape Cod
northward. Dredged at Lynn, (Tufts.) Salem,
(Wh.) and Eastport, (W. S.)
M. PYKAMiDALis, St. Bucciuum pyramidale, Strom.
Tritonium p., Loven. Fusus rufus, Gould, 290, f.
192. — Corall. D. S. Coral. From Cape Cod
northward, and off coast of L. I. in 46 f. Off Grand
Manan, in 50 f. mud, (W..S.) Isles of Shoals, in 20
f. sand, (Wh.)
M. CANCELLATA, St. Fusus cancelltttus, Migh. et Ad.,
1841. — Corall. Casco Bay.
M. DEcussATA, St. PleuTotoma decussata, Couth.
Gould, 280, f. 185. — Lamin. Corall. From Cape
Cod northward.
M. vioLACEA, St. Pleurotoma violacea, Migh. et Ad.,
1841. — Lamin. Mass. Bay, (W. S.) Casco Bay,
(Migh.)
M. BiCARiNATA, St. PleuTotoma bicarinata, ^Couth.
Gould, 281, f. 186.
Pleurotoma cerinum, Kurtz et Stimpson, PI. II. f. 2.
Bost. Proc, Oct. 1851. T. fusiformi-turrita, cerea,
vel cinerea, plicis longitudinalibus, circa 10, eleva-
tis, striis transversis numerosis ; anfr. 7 planiusculi ;
apertura oblonga, dimidiam spiram aequante ; labro
simplici ; cauda brevissima.
Lamin. New Bedford Harb. (Prime and W. S.)
P. PLiCATUiM, Ad. Gould, 282, f. 187. — Lamin. From
Buzzard's Bay southward.
7
50 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
TECTIBEANCHIATA.
BULLID^.
Bulla hiemalis, Couth. Gould, 1G3, f. 100. — Corall.
Maine to Massachusetts.
B. oryza, Totten. Gould, 168, f. 93. — Lamin. From
Buzzard's Bay southward. Maine, (fide Migh.)
New Bedford Harb. in 4 f. mud and sand, (Prime
and W. S.)
B. triticea. Couth. Gould, 165, f. 98. B. corticaia,
Moll. — Corall. Off Grand Manan, in 40 f. (W. S.)
Off Nahant, in 17 f. (Tufts and Hask.) Stonington,
(Lins.)
B. canaliculata, Say. Gould, 166, f. 97. B. ohstric-
ta, Gould, 167, f. 76. — Lamin. From Mass. Bay
southward.
B. PERTENuis, Migh., Bost. Jour., iv. 346. Stimpson,
Bost. Proc., iv. 18. — Lamin. From Cape Cod
northward.
B. iNciNCTA, Migh., Bost. Proc., i. 188. — Maine.
B. debilis, Gould, 164, f. 95. — Corall. Whole Coast.
B. GouLDii, Couth. Gould, 163, f. 94.— Lamin. Co-
rall. From Cape Cod northward. Provincetown
Harb. (Tott.)
B. soLiTARiA, Say. B. insculpia, Tott. Gould, 162, f.
92. — Litt. Lamin. From Mass. Bay southward.
B. PUNCTO-STRIATA, Migh. et Ad., 1841. Stimpson,
Bost. Proc, iv. 17. — Corall. From Mass. Bay
northward.
GASTEROPODA. 51
Philine lineolata, St. Bulla Uneolata, Couth. Gould,
169, f. 99. — Lamin. Corall. From Cape Cod
northward. Eastport and Grand Manan, in gravel
and sand, from 3 to 30 f.
P. sinuata, St., PL I. f. 7. Bost. Proc, iii. 333. P. testa
minuta, ovata, alba, pellucida, longitudinaliter striata ;
spira conspicua ; apertura antice dilatata. Long. .07,
lat. .05, poll.
Lamin. In 6 f. sand, Boston Harb. (W. S.)
P. FORMOSA, St., Bost. Proc, iii. 334. P. testa minuta,
quadrato-globosa, antice subtruncata, alba, nitida,
subopaca, postice incrassata, striis volventibus, in-
sequidistantibus, excavato-punctatis, vel interdum un-
dulatis, sculpta ; apice arete et profunde perforato ;
columella sinuata, late et tenuiter callo induta ; labro
postice crenulato ; apertura patentissima. Long. .18,
lat. .14, poll.
Corall. Mass. Bay. This species may prove iden-
tical with P. quadrata, F. et H., or with P. scutu-
lum, Loven.
TORNATELLIDiE.
Action puncto-striata, St. Tornatella puncto-striata,
Ad. Gould, 245, f. 188. — Lamin. Buzzard's Bay.
MELAMPID^.
Melampus corneus, St. M. bidentatus, Say. Auricula
cornea, Desh. A. bidentata, Gould, 197, f. 130.
From Mass. Bay southward.
52 SHELLS OF NEAV ENGLAND.
M. DENTicuLATus, Auct. Voluttt deuticulata, Mont.
Auricula denticnlata, Gould, 199, f. 127. Found
about wharves, in seaports, often in situations where
it is covered for half the time by the sea. It is per-
haps an imported species.
Carychium exiguum, Gould, in Binney's Terrest. Moll.
U. S., ii. 288. Pupa exigua, Say. Gould, 191, f. 120.
Bu limns exiguus, Binney.
PNEUMOBRANCHIATA.
LIMN^AD^.
Ancylus parallelus, Hald. A. rivularis, Gould, 224,
f. 153. (non Say.)
A. Fuscus, Ad. Gould.
A. TARDUS, Say. — Vermont.
LiMNJ3A appressa, Say. — Lake Champlain.
L. decollata, Migh. et Ad. — Maine.
L. catascopium. Say. Gould. L. pinguis, Say. L.
emarginata, Say.
L. ampla, Migh. — Maine.
L. MAGASOMA, Say. — Lake Champlain.
L. columella. Say. Gould. L. macrostoma, Say.
L. caperata. Say. L. umbilicata, Ad. Gould.
L. humilis. Say. L. modicellus, Say. Gould.
L. PALLIDA, Ad. — Lake Champlain.
L. DEsiDiosA, Say.
L. ELODES, Say. Gould.
L. GRACILIS, Jay. — Lake Champlain.
GASTEROPODA. 53
Physa heterostropha, Say. Gould.
P. fragilis, Migh. et Ad. — Maine.
P. ANciLLARiA, Say. Gould.
P. GYRiNA, Say. Adams. — Vermont.
P. ELONGATA, Say. Gould.
Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Gould.
P. LENTUS, Say. Gould.
P. BicARiNATUs, Say. Gould.
P. CAMPANULATus, Say. Gould.
P. ARMiGERus, Say. Gould.
P. HiRSUTUS, Gould.
p. DEFLECTUs, Say. Gould.
p. EXAcuTus, Say. Gould.
P. PARVUS, Say. Gould. P. elevatus, Ad. Gould.
P. DiLATATus, Gould. P. leus, Lea. (preoc.)
VERTIGINIDiE.
The want of the inferior tentacles seems sufficient
ground for the separation of this family from the
Helicidce.
Vertigo milium, Gould, in Binney's Terrest. Moll., ii.
337. Pupa milium, Gould, Inv. Mass.
V. GouLDii, Gould, loc. pr. cit., ii. 332. Pupa Gouldii,
Binney, Bost. Proc, i. 105.
V. ovATA, Say. Gould, 1. c. Pupa ovata, Sager. Gould,
Monog. P. modesta, Say. Gould, Inv. Mass.
V. SIMPLEX, St. Pupa simplex, Gould, 190, f. 121.
PUPAD^.
Pupa pentodon, Binney. Gould, Bost. Jour., iv. 353.
54 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
Vertigo pentodon, Say. Pupa curvidens, Gould, 180,
f. 125.
P. coNTRACTA, Say. Gould.
P. BADiA, Adams. — Vermont.
P. ARMiFERA, Say. — Vermont.
HELICIDJE.
BuLiMus HARPA, Pfieff., 1847. Binney, Terrest. Moll.
Helix harpa, Say, 1824. Pupa costulata, Migh., 1844.
B. FALLAX, Gould, in Binney's Terrest. Moll. U. S., ii.
288. Pupafallax, Say. Gould, 192, f. 123.
B. LUBRicoiDEs, St. B. lubricus, Gould, 193, f. 124.
(non Miill.) It is scarce possible that a species so
widely distributed on our continent could have been
imported from Europe.
Helix albolabris. Say. Gould.
H. NEMORALis, Liu. H. /loftensis, Miill. Gould. H.
subg-Iobosa, Binney.
H. THYROiDus, Say. Gould.
H. DENTiFERA, Binney. — Vermont.
H. TRiDENTATA, Say. Gould.
H. PALLiATA, Say.
H. MONODON, Rackett. Gould.
H. HiRsuTA, Say. Gould.
H. coNCAVA, Say. — Vermont.
H. MiNUTA, Say. H. pulchella, Gould. Binney. (non
Miill.)
H. Sayii, Binney. — Maine, Vermont.
H. TRIDENTATA, Say. Gould.
H. LABYRiNTHicA, Say. Gould.
GASTEROPODA.
55
H. ALTERNATA, Say. Gould.
H. STRiATELLA, Anthony. Gould.
H. EXiGUA, St., Bost. Proc, iii. 175.
This is perhaps H. annulata, Case, Am. Journ.,
1847. That name, however, is preoccupied by Sow-
erby.
H. MiNuscuLA, Binney. — Vermont, (Ad.) Essex Coun-
ty, Mass. (True.)
H. FULiGiNOSA, Griffith.
H. CELLARIA, Miill. Gould.
H. iNORNATA, Say. — Vermont, (Ad.)
H. ARBOREA, Say. Gould.
H. ELECTRINA, Gould.
H. iNDENTATA, Say. Gould.
H. CHERsiNA, Say. Gould.
H. suppREssA, Say. — Conn. (Lins.)
H. MULTiDENTATA, Biuncy. — Vermont.
H. LiNEATA, Say. Gould.
SucciNEA oBLiQUA, Say. S. campestris, Gould. S.
ovalis, Say.
S. AVARA, Say. Gould.
S. ovALis, Gould. Binney. (non Say.)
ViTRiNA PELLUciDA, Drap. Say. Adams. Binney. He-
lix pellucida, Miill. O. Fabr. Vitrina limpida, Gould,
Binney's Terrest. Moll., ii. 58. This being a boreal
species, occurring in Greenland, it is probable that it
is identical with the European one to which it was
referred by Mr. Say.
56 SHELLS OF NEW ENGLAND.
LIMACID^.
LiMAX CAMPESTRis, Binncy.
L. AGRESTis, Mull. L. tunicaia, Gould.
L. VARiEGATUs, Drap.
Arion hortensiSj Fer.
Tebennophorus dorsalis, Binney. Phylomycus dorsa-
ils, Binney. Adams.
T. Caroliniensis, Binney. Limax Caroliniensis, Bosc.
L. tog-ata, Gould.
CEPHALOPODA.
DECAPODA.
SPIRULTD.^.
Spirula Peronii, Lam. — Off Nantucket.
LOLIGINID^.
LoLiGO ILLECEBROSA, Lesueur, J, A, N. S., ii. 95.
Whole Coast.
L. PAvo, Lesueur, 1. c., ii. 96. — Sandy Bay, Cape
Ann, (Les.)
ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.
Page 10, line 6, dele modicfe.
" 17, " 27, for 58, read 59
" 22, " 21, " 27, " 28.
" 23, " 20, " Ostesdesma, " Osteodesma. ^
Pecten ftjscus, Linsley. This name is preoccupied by Klein. It must
therefore receive a new one. I -would propose that of P. brunneus.
Leda obesa, St. As will be seen by the figure, this species is remark-
able for the reduction of the prominent support for the internal liga-
ment.
The abbreviation f. occurring in this work signifies fathoms. The
depths are all reduced to low-water level.
Cambbidge, Nov. 25, 1851.
n I.
1 . Rissoa elaiiTTiea , SLimpson. 2 . R .m^^lLlllneaLa,SlimpsoTl.
3.K exaTata,SLiTapsori 4'. S}3irialis Gonldii , Stimpsou
5 .TiiTriLella. acicxQa.StimpsoTi.^G.E-QliTTia oleacea, Kurtz ^Stiinpson.
7. PMine siiTuata , S Lnnpsoii .
PI. II.
1 -Leda olaesa, Stimpson.— 2.PletiToLoTn.i ceriTram.Kuxtz 8c Sdmpsou.
3. Ccecxmi pnlclielluTrL, S Limp son.
ff^^t^O)
n^"^!?'''
