77
[AH rights reserved J}
SHORT HISTORIES
OF THE
TERRITORIAL REGIMENTS
OF THE
BRITISH ARMY,
INCLUDING THE NAMES OF THE OFFICERS ANi) SOLDIERS WHO
HAVE WON
(picforta Cross,
OK
Conbucf
EOITED BY
R, DE M. RUDOLF, I.S.O.,
Of the War Office.
LONDON:
p*oiKD FOR HIS JlAJi'SrY's STATIONERY OtTICE,
HAUHISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE
rf jv PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIVEB AND HOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PON'SONUY, 11G, GRAFION STREET, IIUBLIN.
Price Fine Shillings.
Hi
(Wt. 2232 500 5 | 05 H & S 6745)
PREFACE.
THE Territorial Regiments of the -British Army are those
Infantry corps which, in 1881, were given a definite geo-
graphical connection, with an appropriate territorial title in
place of their old numbers, and so became the representatives
in the ranks of the Army, of particular cities, counties, or
districts of the British Isles.
In order to interest the population of these various areas in
their representative corps, and to stimulate recruiting-, a short
history of the services of each regiment was prepared in
pamphlet form, for distribution in its own recruiting area.
These histories were compiled chiefly from information sup-
plied by the officers commanding the regimental depots, but
owing to the necessity of compressing the achievements of
centuries into a few pages, the information given is practically
limited to a brief outline of the more important campaigns,
and all record of the many years spent in times of peace, in
guarding the interests of the empire on its distant frontiers,
is of necessity omitted.
Brief as these histories are, they are still enough to show
how great a part the Army has taken in the building up and
consolidation of the British empire. In every quarter of the
globe, and in every variety of climate arid circumstance, the
lives of officers and men have been freely given in the per-
formance of the duties entrusted to them, and the more recent
services of the Army have made it clear that in this respect
the soldier of to-day is in no way behind the veterans of
bygone fields.
"(6745) A 2
IV
These pamphlets are now collected in volume form for use
as a work of reference, and in the hope that even so slight a
record may do something 1 to increase the interest of the nation
in the soldiers who serve it, so that the Army may not lack
suitable men for its ranks, nor the soldier help and employ-
ment on leaving the Colours.
LIST OF CONTENTS.
Order in
Volume
Territorial Regiments.
Former Titles.
1
The Royal Scots
1st
Foot.
2
,, Q.ueen's (Royal West Surrey
2nd
,,
Regiment).
3
The Buffs (East Kent Regiment) . .
3rd
,,
4
King's Own (Royal Lancaster
4th
.,
Regiment).
5
The Northumberland Fusiliers
5th
6
,, Royal Warwickshire Regiment
6th
,,
7
,, Ro\al Fusiliers (^'ity of
7th
London Regiment).
8
The King's (Liyerpool Regiment). .
8th
,,
9
,, Norfolk Regiment
9th
i>
10
,, Lincolnshire Regiment
lOlh
1 t
,, Deyonshire Regiment . .
llth
,,
12
,, Suffolk Regiment
12th
,,
13
Prince Albert's (Somersetshire
13th
V
Liiilit Infantry).
14
The Prince of Wales's Own (West
14th
,,
Yorkshire Regiment).
15
The East Yorkshire Regiment
loth
16
,, Bedfordshire Regiment
16th
17
,, Leicestershire Regiment
17th
,,
18
., Rojal Irish Regiment
18th
,,
19
Alexandra Princess of Wales's Own
19th
j j
(Yorkshire Regiment)
20
The Lancashire Fusiliers . .
20th
n
21
Royal Scots Fusiliers . .
21st
> i
22
,, Cheshire Regiment
22nd
23
,, Royal Welsh Fusiliera
/3rd
24
South Wales Borderers
241 h
i)
25
,, King's Own Scottish Boiderers
25th
,,
26
., Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). .
26th
Foot and 90th Fool.
Ti
,, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers . .
27th
108th ,.
28
,, Gloucestershire Regiment
28th
., ., 61st ..
29
,, Worcestershi-e Regiment
29th
36th
30
,, East Lancashire Regiment
30th
,. ,, 59th
31
,, East Surrey Regiment
31st
,, 70th
32
,, Duke of Cornwall's Light
32nd
,, 46th
Infantry.
33
The Duke of Wellington's (Wrst
33rd
,. 76th .,
Riding Regiment).
34
The Border Regiment
34th
,, 55th ,,
35
Royal Sussex Regiment
35th
., 107th .,
36
,, Hampshire Regiment . .
37th
67tli ,.
37
,, South Staffordshire Regiment
38th
,. 80th ,,
38
,, Dorsetshire Regiment ..
39th
54th
f)
Order in Territorial Regiments.
Volume.
Former Titles.
39 The Prince of Wales's Volunteers
40th
Foot and 82nd Foot.
(South Lancashire Regiment) . .
40 The Welsh Regiment
41st
>, >, 69th
41 Bluet Watcli (Royal High- 42nd
73rd
landers).
42 The Oxfordshire Light Infantry . . 43rd
52nd
43 ., Er-sex Regiment .. . .1 44th
,, 56th
44 ., Sherwood Foresters (Notting- i 45th
95th
hamshire and Derbyshire Regi-
ment).
45 The Loyal North Lancashire
47th
v 81st
Regiment.
46 The Northamptonshire Reaiment . .
48th
58th
47 ,, Princess Cha lotte of Wales's
49th
66th
(Royal Berkshire Regiment).
48 The Queen's Own (Royal West 50th
97th
Kent Regiment).
19 The King's Own (Yorkshire Light
51st
105th
Infantrv).
50 The King's (Shropshire Light
53rd
85th
Infantry).
51 The Duke of Cambridge's Own
57th
,, ,, 77th ,,
(Middlesex Regiment).
.12 The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wilt-
62nd
99th
shire Regiment).
53 The Manchester Regiment
63rd
,, 96th
54 ,, Prince of Wales's (North
64th
98th ,,
Staffordshire Regiment).
55 The York and Lancaster Regiment
65th
84th
56 , Durham Light Infantry .. 6Sth
106th
57 . Highland Light Infantry . . 71st
, 74th
58 . Seaforth Highlanders .. .. 72nd
78th
.19 , Gordon Highlanders . . . . 75th
., 92nd
(iii , Queen's Own Cameron High- ' 79lh
}J
landers.
61 The Royal Irish Rifles
83rd
86th
62 ,, Princess Victoria's (Royal ! 87th
89th .,
Irish Fusiliers).
63 The Connaught Rangers . . . . 8*th
94th .,
64 ,, Princess Louise's (Argyll and 91st
., ,, 93rd
Sutherland Highlanders).
G5 The Prince of Wales's Leinster 100th
109th
Regiment (Royal Canadians).
66 The Royal Munster Fusiliers
101st
104th
<>7 ,, Royal Dublin Fusiliers
1 02nd
., 103rd
THE ROYAL SCOTS
(LOTHIAN REGIMENT).
BADGES.
The Royal Cypher within the Collar of the Order of the Thistle with the Badge appendant.
In each of the four corners the Thistle within the Circle and motto
of the Order, ensigned with the Imperial Crown.
BATTLE HOXOUKS BORNE OX THE COLOURS.
THE SPHINX, SUPERSCRIBED "EGYPT," "BLENHEIM," "EAMILLIES," " OUDENARDE,"
"MALPLAQUET," "LomsBURG," "Si. LUCIA," "EGMONT-OP-ZEE," "CORUNNA," " BCSACO,"
"SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "ST. SEBASTIAN," "NIVE," "PENINSULA,"
"NIAGARA," "WATERLOO," "NAGPORE," "MAHEIDPORE,"
"AvA," "ALMA," " INKERMAN," " SEVASTOPOL," "TAKU FORTS," " PEKIN,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS-BLUE.
Depot Headquarters GLENOORSE.
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (Edinburgh Light Infantry Militia).
H
3J
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
The Queen's Eifle Vol.
Brigade. . Edinburgh.
4. 4th . . Edinburgh.
5. 5th ..Leith.
6. 6th . . Penicuik.
7. 7th
8. 8th
9. 9th
. . JTaddii/flton.
. . Linlithgow.
. . Edinburgh.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
9
THE ROYAL SCOTS (Lothian Regiment).
" The Royal Scots " boasts the unique distinction of being
the oldest regiment in the British Army. Although the first
name it bears on its colours is that of the famous victory of
Blenheim, in 1704, it is certain that it existed for at least a
century before that date. In reference to its claims to antiquity
it has been styled " Pontius Pilate's Body Guards," and more
seriously it has been asserted that it represents the body of
Scottish archers who were kept for centuries as the guard of the
French Kings. Be this as it may, it is at least without doubt
that this distinguished corps appears in history as an organised
military body as early as 1625, when led by the famous John
Hepburn, it shared the glories of the warlike Gustavus
Adolphus, King of Sweden, the champion of the Protestant
Princes of Germany. In 1633, it was constituted a regiment
of the British Army.
Trained by service in many a Continental field, the Royal
Scots upheld its laurels in the great victory of Blenheim, under
the celebrated Duke of Marlborough, when it formed part of
B 2
10
that body of troops which marched, amid a storm of bullets,
to the attack of the village of Blenheim, without firing a shot
in reply until the General struck his sword against the pali-
sades. The Commander-in-Chief of the French Army was
taken prisoner in this battle, and on meeting Marlborough,
congratulated him on having overcome " the best troops in the
world." " I hope, sir," said the Duke, " you will except those
troops by whom you have been conquered."
In the other famous battles of Marlborough's great cam-
paignsthe Eoyal Scots were ever to the fore, and at " Ramillies,"
" Oudenarde," and " Malplaquet," they sternly vindicated the
right of the British infantry to stand second to none in the
world.
" Louisburg," the next name borne on the colours, com-
memorates the gallant capture from the French of Cape
Breton, in North America, in 1758, when the regiment served
under the young and gallant Wolfe, who afterwards fell at
Quebec. Notwithstanding that the French had strongly fortified
Louisburg at a prodigious expense, the persistent bravery of the
British force placed it in their hands after a siege of forty-nine
days. Then, in many a forgotten skirmish and fight amid the
pathless wastes of prairie and forest, the gallant Scots fought
the Ked Indians of America to protect the early settlers in
what is now the United States of America. Undaunted by
the cruelty, and proof against the craft of the savage, the
regiment nobly sustained its foremost place in the British
line.
" St. Lucia," one of the West Indian islands, was wrested
from our enemies by the prowess of a force of which this
regiment formed a distinguished part ; and in Egypt, in 1801,
under the brave Abercromby, it assisted to break the spell of
victory that had previously rested on the French, and roused
the spirit of the nations of Europe by showing them that the
French were not invincible.
11
At " Corunna " the Royal Scots were with Sir John Moore,
and at his orders turned with their comrades, and notwith-
standing they had suffered many hardships on their retreat,
showed to their astonished opponents that the courage of the
British soldier was to be dreaded the most when, by the rules
of war, he should be panic stricken. Slowly and sullenly they
had retreated before larger forces of the enemy, but at Corunna
they turned fiercely on their foes, and drove them back to
watch in helpless rage while the gallant troops leisurely
embarked.
In the fierce struggles under the all-conquering Well-
ington in the Peninsular War, the regiment earned for its
colours the following names, " Busaco," " Salamanca,"
"Vittoria," "St. Sebastian." " Nive," "Peninsula." At
Quatre Bras, and at the crowning triumph of Waterloo, the
Royal Scots bore no inconsiderable part in securing the safety
of Britain and the peace of Europe. At Quatre Bras, through
the waving corn, they charged and dispersed the opposing
column, and then received and repulsed with dauntless forti-
tude the fierce and repeated attacks of a mass of France's
best cavalry. At Waterloo, an eye-witness of their prowess
said, " I have often seen this regiment engaged with the
enemy, but on this trying day it far excelled anything I had
ever witnessed." Boldly confronting, amid the storm of battle,
the torrent of superior numbers, it fought with a constancy
and valour which would not be overcome.
It is worthy of note that in the year 1813, the Royal
Scots had no less than four battalions on foreign service, one
in Upper Canada, one in India, one in France, and one in
Germany.
In 1817, the Royal Scots were fighting under the sultry
Indian sun. In the battle of " Nagpore," when 21,000 Mah-
rattas were defeated by a small body of British troops, and 40
elephants and 75 guns remained in the victor's hands, the
12
regiment behaved, according to the official despatches, " with
a gallantry, steadiness, and good conduct most exemplary."
At " Maheidpore " the Royal Scots charged in the face of a
tempest of fire, and drove the army of Holkar from its posi-
tion at the point of the bayonet. Again it was praised
officially for its " undaunted heroism." In 1826, it was thread-
ing the wilds of Burmah, and at " Ava " it formed part of the
6,000 British troops who put to flight the Burmese army of
60,000 men. The next distinctions on the silken folds of the
colours tell of the stern work of the Crimean Campaign of
1854-5. Shoulder to shoulder with their comrades, the men
of the Royal Scots climbed the grassy slopes of the Alma ;
side by side they fought in the fog at Inkerman, and supported
their high reputation in the trenches before Sebastopol.
Their next war service was in 1860, when they were in a far
different climate from the wintry Crimea, being in China,
under Sir Hope Grant, where they taught the Celestials to
beware of a nation which owned such troops. " Taku Forts "
and " Pekin " on their colours attest their valour and good
conduct in this campaign.
The South African Campaign furnished the Royal Scots
with an opportunity of enhancing their great reputation, of
which they fully availed themselves. A striking proof of the
spirit animating the men was given at the outset in the fact
that the Royal Scots were commended in Parliament for the
magnificent response the reservists made when re-called to the
Colours, not a single man being unaccounted for. The 1st
battalion landed in South Africa on the 4th December, 1899,
and at once went to the assistance of General Gatacre, who
was engaged in stemming the Boer invasion of Cape Colony.
On the 7th February, ] 900, the first casualties occurred in the
wounding of two men at Bird River, where the Royal Scots
beat off a Boer attack. Drummer Davies here displayed con-
spicuous coolness and courage, subsequently receiving the
13
Distinguished Conduct Medal. On the 4th March, part of the
battalion was smartly engaged at Labuschagnes Nek, where,
finding a body of local troops stopped by the Boer fire, the
Eoyal Scots passed through their ranks and drove the enemy
from the nek. The battalion was joined en the 23rd March
by the first volunteer service company from home, and this
fine body of men subsequently participated in all th? hard
work and fighting that followed.
At Dewetsdorp, on the 23rd April, the battalion was in
action under General Rundle and remained for some weeks
skirmishing in that difficult district ; but on the llth August,
to the joy of all ranks, they were summoned to the front at
Pretoria. Here they soon found congenial employment in the
operations around Belfast, being engaged from 24th to 27th
August, and on 3rd September at Zwartskopje, where,
although under fire for some time, the only casualty suffered
was by the big drum, which was knocked over by a Boer shell,
with the men carrying it. On the 5th, the task of seizing a
lofty height which commanded the Zwaggershoek Pass was
committed to the corps. It was a very hazardous enterprise,
and was gallantly performed. In absolute silence the men
pressed up the steep rocky height, their difficulties being
increased by the dark misty night, which necessitated the exer-
cise of the greatest care to keep in touch. A picquet of Boers
was surprised and fled helter skelter into the darkness, and at
midnight the Royal Scots found themselves safely in possession
of the summit. Sir Conan Doyle, in describing this movement,
says, " The occupation of a mountain called Zwaggershoek
would establish Hamilton firmly, and the difficult task of seizing
it at night was committed to Colonel Douglas and his fine
regiment of Royal Scots. It was Spion Kop over again, with
a happier ending. At break of day the Boers found that their
position had been rendered untenable, and withdrew."
With the Royal Scots in the advance, General Buller pushed
14
forward after the Boers, who, under General Botha, again stood
at bay at Paardeplatz, near Lydenberg. On the 8th this
position was attacked, and the Royal Scots won their General's
special praise for the gallantry and dash with which they made
their way across rocks and ravines to the sangars in which the
Boers had entrenched themselves. A dense mountain mist,
however, enabled the main body of the enemy to escape.
On reduced rations and through an almost impassable
country, the force moved after the Boers, and on the 24th
September, at Hectorspruit, the sight of 20 of the enemy's guns
lying destroyed in the Crocodile River, showed that the Boer
army was at the end of its resources, and it was subsequently
ascertained that the Boer General Pienaar and over 2,000 of his
men had fled into Portuguese territory, after having destroyed
their arms.
After some months passed in the arduous work of guarding
the railway lines, a duty most successfully performed, the
battalion formed part, under Colonel Douglas, of one of the
many mobile columns formed in consequence of the guerilla
tactics of the enemy. At an action near Dullstrom on the
16th April, 1901, the column was fiercely attacked, 400 Boers
led by General Muller making a special effort to cut off the rear
guard. G Company, Royal Scots, gallantly frustrated this
attempt, and the Boers were driven off with loss, and their
General wounded.
Under Colonel Benson, to whose Column four Companies
were attached for the day, the men of the regiment did good
service at Goedehoop on 30th April, this commander reporting
as follows : ' The Royal Scots were out from 18 to 20 hours,
and some of them must have marched 23 miles, including much
stiff climbing. I admired their spirit very much."
Again, on the 16th May, the regiment was engaged at
Bermondsey, where E Company, under 2nd Lieutenant Dal-
mahoy, specially distinguished itself by its gallant advance.
15
Lieutenant Price was recommended for the Victoria Cross, and
Lance-Corporals McGill, McMillan and Fox, and Private Adams,
all showed conspicuous courage, and Corporal Paul was
specially promoted Sergeant for gallantry, by Lord Kitchener.
Space does not permit of a detailed account of the countless
marches and skirmishes in which the regiment was subsequently
almost daily engaged, but mention must be made of a eplendid
little affair at Balmoral on 5th April, 1902, when a Boer
Commando of 200 or 300 men made an attempt to capture
som? cattle, their efforts being frustrated by Drummer Robert-
son and Privates Lockhart and Blease of the Volunteer Service
Company, and Privates Colton, Hough and Williams of the
regular battalion. Lord Kitchener specially promoted the
first-named five, to mark his sense of their praiseworthy con-
duct on this occasion.
Much good service was also performed by the mounted
infantry sections of the regiment. The 1st Company fought at
Paardeberg, where Cronje was captured, and was no less than
28 times in action during the advance on Pretoria alone, to say
nothing of its subsequent service. The 2nd Company behaved
with marked courage and coolness at the siege of Wepener,
and witnessed the surrender of Prinsloo and his 4,000 Boers.
The 3rd and 4th Companies were also well to the front in
the many night attacks and drives which signalised the closing
chapters of the campaign.
This campaign among other lessons, signally demonstrated
the value of the Militia and Volunteer forces, and no account of
the war service of the regiment would now be complete without
the mention of the services rendered by the Militia and Volun-
teers of the Royal Scots. In this short narrative, the gallant
Volunteers who elected to share the dangers and hardships of
their regular comrades have already been alluded to, and it
only remains to notice briefly the services of the Militia.
On volunteering for service abroad the 3rd battalion disem-
16
barked in South Africa on 28th March, 1900. Here it did
excellent service in guarding the lines of communication,
receiving its baptism of fire on 1th August, when a sergeant of
the battalion was mortally wounded. It subsequently formed
part of a brigade under General Charles Knox, who on leaving
the Brigade stated that he had " met no better battalion than
the 3rd battalion The Koyal Scots." Four men of the batta-
lion were killed in January, 1901, while on mounted patrol, and
on 28th May, a small party of the battalion, a corporal and six
men, made a determined and successful resistance when
attacked by a Boer commando at Holfontein, an action for
which they were warmly complimented by the General.
Much other good service was put in by the battalion, before
the 1st May, 1902, when it quitted Capetown for home, having
earned an indisputable share in the honours of the gallant
Royal Scots.
The total losses of the regiment were 5 officers, 86 N.C.O.
and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c. ; and 4 officers,
42 N.C.O. and men wounded, while the Militia lost 3 officers
and 30 N.C.O. and men killed, or died of wounds, disease, &c. ;
and 8 N.C.O. and men wounded.
A fact worthy of the traditions of the regiment was that
there was not a single case of surrender of a party of the
Royal Scot", and the fine feeling of esprit de corps which
existed is exemplified by the death of No. 3395, Sergeant
G. Robertson.
On the 23rd March, 1901, he was in command of a party of
about 20 men of various corps, as escort to a train from Pretoria.
On nearing Pan (E. Transvaal) the train was stoppel by the
Baers blowing up the line, who attacked in force. They were
conceabd a few yards from the train in a trench. The escort
at once, under Sergeant Robertson's orders, opened fire ; the
Boers called upon him to surrender; his reply was shouted out,
" No surrender." He was immediately shot through the head.
17
Another similar instance was that of Major Twyford, when,
on 13th of April, 1901, he, with an escort of seven mounted
men, was attacked by Jan de Beer's Commando in the Badfon-
tein Valley. This party took up their position in a ruined farm-
house ; the Boers in overwhelming force closed on them and
called upon Major Twyford to surrender ; he declined to do so,
and continued to fire his rifle until shot down and killed.
On 16th May, 1901, during the action at Bermondsey,
2nd-Lieutenant Dalmahoy and two privates were lying
wounded on open ground under fire of the Boers at a range of
400 yards. Private Adams crawled out to Lieutenant
Dalmahoy with a field bandage. Lieutenant Dalmahoy,
knowing the imminent danger, would not accept his aid, but
Private Adams remained with him until he was carried in.
Lieutenant Price arriving at the firing line noticed the danger
of these wounded ; he called for three volunteers to assist him
in fetching in the others. Lance-Corporal McGill, Lance-
Corporal Fox, and Lance-Corporal McMillan at once
responded. Lieutenant Price ordered them to take off
their accoutrements and jackets, and the four ran out and
carried in the wounded. All this was done under heavy
fire, and during the time they were doing it, Lieutenant Dal-
mahoy was again hit (head), Private Sheddon was killed, and
Lance-Corporal McMillan was wounded.
The following is a list of soldiers of the regiment who have
won special distinctions on the field of battle :
Crimean Campaign.
Victoria Cross. Private J. Prosser.
Distinguished Conduct Medal. Hospital Sergeant D. Reid ;
Sergeant W. Knowles ; Corporals W. Hehir, J. E. Tye, J.
Leslie, J. Bailey ; Privates J. Johnston, J. White, J. Hunt,
A. Balie, S. Aston, W. Stephens, J. Smith, G. Hawes, T. Hawes,
I. Parker.
18
South African Campaign.
Distinguished Conduct Medal. Sergeants-Major A. Smith,
W. Johnson ; Colour-Sergeants H. Bradford, J. McGregor, A.
Smith, J. Kelly ; Sergeants W. McBean, W. Sharp ; Corporal
T. H. Greig ; Privates J. Allen, S. Cownie, M. Ferris, H. Holland,
C. Howard, J. McVey, J. Miller, D. Thorn ; Drummer 0. Davies.
Specially promoted for gallant conduct. Corporal A. Paul ;
Privates A. Blease, J. Lockhart, F. Colton, A. Hough; Drummer
R. Robertson.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE QUEEN'S
(ROYAL WEST SURREY REGIMENT),
BADGES AND MOTTOES.
The Royal Cypher within the Garter. In each of the four corners the
Paschal Lamb with motto " Pristince virtutis memor."
" Vel exuvice triumphant."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
THE SPHINX, SUPERSCRIBED "EGYPT," " VIMIERA," "CORUNNA," "SALAMANCA,"
"VlTTORIA," " PYRENEES," "NlVELLE," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA."
"AFGHANISTAN," " GHUZNEE," "KHELAT," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1851-2-3," "TAKU FORTS,'
"PEKIN," " BURMA, 1885-87," "TIRAH," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" BELIEF OF LADTSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE,
Depot Headquarters GUE.DFORD.
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (2nd Royal Surrey Militia).
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1. 1st . . Croydon. \ 2. 2nd . . Guildford. \ 3. 3rd . . Hermondsey .
4. 4th Kennington Park.
1st Cadet Battalion. . . . SoutTiwarTc. I 2nd Cadet Battalion. . . . PecJcham.
LONDON:
PRINTED TO* His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BT HARBISON AND SON'S, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GBAFTOH STREET, DUBLW.
21
THE QUEEN'S (Royal West Surrey Regiment).
FOR nearly 250 years this regiment, first known as the Tangiers
R >gim:nt of Foot, ha? gallantly held its own wherever the can e
of the British Empire has needed stout defenders. It wa called
into exist?nce in th3 year 16G1, when King Charles the
Second married Catherine of Portugal. As part of the
dowry of this Princess, Tangier, a town on the coast of
Morocco, then in possession of Portugal, was handed over to
King Charl s. At thi; time the Mediterranean Sea was
mfested with pirates, or " corsairs " as they were called, and
the possession of Tangier was, therefore, regarded with a
considerable amount of satisfaction by the merchants and
people of this country, as giving a place of refuge and protec-
tion for British ships. It was not, however, to be kept without
trouble. The Portuguese had held it on sufferance from the
Moors ; the English determined to hold it in spite of them.
To form a garrison, it was resolved to raise a regiment
of Englishmen, and accordingly the above reg'ment
was called into existence. The work it had to do
was no easy task. The fortifications of Tangier were in a
very dilapidated condition, and no sooner was the work of
restoring them commenced, than the storm burst upon them,
and for 22 years Tangier was virtually in a state of siege.
Many a gallant young Englishman joined this regiment to win
his spurs against the Moor, the most distinguished pe haps
among th m being the afterwards celebrated Duke cf Marl-
borough, then Ensign John Churchill only. Tli3 regiment
gallantly held its own against the repeated attack; of the
fierce and warlike pirates, being re-inforced from tim? to time
by fresh recruits from England, but eventually, in consequence
of disputes between King Charles and his Parliaments, the
cost of maintaining Tangier was refused to the King, and he
consequently ordered the fortifications, which had been erected
and maintained at so much cost, to b3 dismantled, and the
gallant defenders returned to this country. In 1684, the
regiment r ceived the honour of being designated " The
Queen's " Regiment, a titla which it still enjoys. In 1685,
it took part in the suppression of Monmouth's rebellion, and
four years later was in Ireland supporting the Protestant cause
22
under King William III. against King James and his
Irish-French army. The most noteworthy event in this
campaign was the celebrated siege of Londonderry. In
this town the Protestant settlers had been besieged for four
months by King James's army, and were reduced to terrible
straits, when they were rescued from their plight by the arrival
of the Queen's Eegiment undc.T Colonel Kirke, which made its
way into the town after great exertions.
The regiment next served against the French in Flanders,
when the army was commanded in person by King William III.
It; valour at the fierce battle of Landen, and at the siege of
Namur, in 1695, raised the British soldier in the estimation of
foreign nations, but its most brilliant exploit was at a place
called Tongres. Here, with only one other regiment, since
disbanded, it maintained itself most gloriously for 28 hours
against the fierce and repeated attacks of a French army of
40,000 men, and by its heroism saved the rest of the army
from being taken by surprise. For this gallant action it
received the proud distinction of being named a " Eoyal "
regiment, and was granted the motto " Pristinoe virtutis
mernor." While their comrades were gathering laurels under
the Duke of Marlborough, the men of the " Queen's " were
sent into Spain where war was also being actively carried on.
Though they fought as bravely, they were not so fortunate in
their leader, and after the regiment had been reduced to a
skeleton it was sent to England to recruit its ranks. In 1794
it served as marines on board the English fleet, and took part
in the victory of the glorious 1st of June, when Lord Howe
defeated the French fleet off Brest. In 1798 it helped to
defeat the French invasion of Ireland, under General Humbert,
and in 1801, under the gallant Abercromby, formed part of the
British force which drove Napoleon's " Army of the East "
out of Egypt, its valour being commemorated by " The
Sphinx " and " Egypt " on its colours.
The next field of renown for the " Queen's " was in Spain,
where it reaped a glorious record of valour, as no less than
eight names on the colours tell of the stern strife of the
Peninsular War. A few hours only after landing in
Spain it shared the victory of " Vimiera," in 1808, and in
1809 it was again victorious at Corunna. In 1811 it assisted
in gaining the victory at Salamanca, its losses being such
that it was left at the close of the day under the command of
a subaltern officer, a fact which speaks plainly of the work it
had done. ' Vittoria," a crowning victory over King Joseph
23
Bonaparte, the " Pyrenees," a fierce contest among mountain
passes and rocky gorges, " Nivelle," " Toulouse," and " Penin-
sula," were also added to the proudly earned distinctions
won by the regiment between 1811 and 1813. At the
close of the Peninsular War the regiment went to guard our
possessions in the West Indies, and in 1825 went to the East
Indies.
In India it took its share in extending and consolidating our
Indian Empire, and Afghans and Mahrattas alike recoiled
before the gleaming bayonets and waving colours of the
Surrey men. " Afghanistan," " Ghuznee," and " Khelat "
commemorate on the colours the victories in which it shared.
The next war service of the regiment was in South Africa, and
in 1851. 1852 and 1853 it was busily engaged in defending
the scattered homesteads of the early colonists of the Cape of
Good Hope. It was while the regiment was at the Cape that
the Birkenhead was wrecked, and a detachment of the
" Queen's " was among the troops who, in order to allow the
women and children to be saved, stood firm in their ranks on
the deck of the doomed ship, until the waves swallowed all
but the deathless glory of their deed. The 2nd battalion
was raised in 1857. In I860 the 1st battalion took part in
the war which humbled the pride of the mighty Chinese
Empire, and in 1886-8 the 2nd battalion was engaged in the
operations in Burmah, which added that valuable territory to
the British Empire.
In 1897 the 1st battalion formed part of the Malakand Field
Force, and was specially mentioned for its steady conduct
during the night attack on the camp at Nawagai on the 20th
September. Following hard upon this service came the Tirah
expedition, in the course of which the battalion took part in
the attack on the Sampagha and Arhanga passes and subse-
quent operations, being highly complimented by Major-General
Penn Symons on its achievements.
The South African campaign then called the 2nd battalion
to active service, and it sailed for the seat of war on the 20th
October, 1899. At the battle of Willow Grange on the 22nd
November, 1899, the men had their first encounter with the
enemy, and Sir Conan Doyle says, " The Surreys behaved very
well," and this was followed on 15th December, by the battle
of Colenso. Here the battalion formed the firing line of the
2nd brigade, and was complimented by Sir Kedvers Buller for
its conduct in the fight, while Sir Conan Doyle mentions the
brigade of which it formed part as one of those which bore off the
24
honours of the fight. In the stern fighting which ensued by the
Tugela River the Queen's had an ample share, being engaged
in the Spion Kop operations, at Vaal Krantz, Monte Cristo,
and Pieter's Hill.
At Monte Cristo, on the 18th February, the honours of the
day again rested with the brigade in which the Queen's fought,
the Queen's, with the West Yorkshires, capturing the hill in
gallant style, and thus securing a great strategical victory
which practically opened the way to Ladysmith, with the
result that on the 3rd March, the Queen's marched into the
streets of Ladysmith with their gallant companions of the
Natal Field Force, after a struggle which had cost the relieving
forces over 5,000 men.
In May, 1900, after a short period of rest, the battalion went
forward with the Natal Field Force and took part in the opera-
tions which forced th3 Boers to evacuate their formidable
position at Laing's Nek, fighting at Helpmakaar, Botha's Pass,
and Alleman's Nek. On reaching Standerton, the harassing,
but important, duty of guarding the railway line between that
town and Volksrust then fell to the lot of the Queen's, and this
continued until July, 1901, when the regiment formed part of
Colonel Rimington's, and subsequently Colonel Colville's
columns, and for four months hunted the Boer commandos
from place to place.
In November a fresh experience of warfare came round, and,
split up into small detachments, the battalion held the Kroon-
stadt-Lindley Blockhous3 line against the Boers until the end
of the campaign.
The losses of the reginrnt bear eloquent testimony to the
nature of the services it rendered ; 4 officer- and 36 n.c.o.
and men were killed ; 12 officers and 260 n.c.o. and men
were wounded ; and 1 officer and 94 n.c.o. and men died of
disease. Not a single man of the regiment was captured by
the enemy.
The campaign also furnished an excellent opportunity for
the militia and volunteers of the regiment to prove their wcrth.
The 3rd battalion (militia) volunteeied for active service and
embarked on the 20th February, 1900, for South Africa, where
for over two years they performed sterling service in the
arduous duty of guarding the lines of communication, and
received the thanks of Lord Roberts for their good work. The
volunteer battalions on their part sent out in all 7 officers and
250 n.c.o. and men, who joined the line battalion and
marched and fought with it, amply earning for the volunteers
25
a right to be regarded henceforth as an inseparable part of the
gallant Queen's.
The^ following soldiers of the regiment have won the
Victoria Cro^s or Medal for Distinguished Conduct in the field
of battle :
Kano SoJcoto Expedition, 2ith March, 1903.
Victoria Cross. Lieutenant W. D. Wright with only one
officer and 41 men took up a position in the path of the advan-
cing enemy, and sustained the determined charge? of 1,000
horse and 2,000 foot for two hours, and when the enemy, after
heavy losses, fell back in good order, continued to follow them
up until they were in full retreat. The personal example of
this officer, as well as his skilful leadership, contributed largely
to the brilliant success of this affair.
Distinguished Conduct Medals.
Tirah Campaign.
Kegtl.
No.
Kank and Name.
Act of gallantry.
2333
Cr.-Sergt. Wallis, W
Storming a sangar.
3070
Private Sullivan, C. .. ..
do.
1689
Etherington, E. . .
Conspicuous gallantry.
South African Campaign.
No.
Eank and Name.
Service for which received.
368
406
858
Private J. Carney
H. H. Punter..
Sergeant J. Knight
Private H. Maddox . .
Conspicuous gallantry carrying
messages during battle of
Colenso.
Carrying wounded to cover under
heavy fire at Vaal Krantz.
Conspicuous bravery on two
occasions carrying wounded
man of East Surrey under
heavy fire, and carrying im-
portant message 600 yards
under heavy fire.
Bringing down bodv of Major
Child, T.M.I., off Bastion
Hill under heavy fire.
26
South African Campaign continued.
No.
Rank and Name.
Service for which received.
4834
Sergeant E. Smith
Constant and conspicuous
gallantry under fire.
4068
Lance- Corporal M. Regan
Conspicuous service in the field.
3159
Private T. Hatherall
Volunteered at battle of Alle-
man's Nek to go out under
heavy fire and cut a wire fence
that was barring the advance
of his Company.
5853
Private OK Cawson
Consistent bravery in the field.
1717
Colour-Sergeant T. Ferrett . .
Constant and conspicuous
gallantry under fire.
4318
Sergeant-Cook E. Weston
Conspicuous service in field
and bringing in a wounded
Kaffir under fire.
449
Private W. Wade
Conspicuous gallantry with
Mounted Infantry.
1881
Sergeant-Major R. Donnand. .
General good service.
839
Colour-Sergeant T. Robinson. .
Constant and conspicuous
gallantry under fire.
787
J. Ewer
Constant and conspicuous
gallantry under fire.
3382
Lance-Sergeant J. Clifford . .
Gallantry under fire.
4343
Corporal H. Alderslade
Gallantry under fire.
2933
J. H. Smith
Gallantry under fire.
512
Sergeant-Major J. Woulds . .
Good and meritorious service in
the field.
2881
Colour- Sergeant A. Norris
Good and meritorious service in
the field.
1368
A. J. Stevens
Good and meritorious service in
the field.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE BUFFS
(EAST KENT REGIMENT).
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Dragon. In each of the four corners the united Red and White Rose
ensigned with the Imperial Crown. " Vcteri Frondescit ffonore."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
"BLENHEIM," " RAMILLIES," " OUDENARDE," " MALPLAQUET," " DETTINGEN,"
" DOURO," " TALAVERA," " ALBUHERA," " VITTORIA," " PYRENEES," " NIVELLE,"
" NIVE," " ORTHES," " TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," " PUNNIAR," "SEVASTOPOL,"
" TAKU FORTS," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1879," " CHITRAL," "SOUTH AFRICA 1900-02,"
"RELIEF OF KIMBERLEV," " PAARDEBERG."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS BUFF.
Depot Headquarters CANTERBURY
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (East Kent Militia).
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1. 1st .. .. .. Dover. \ 2. 2nd .. Cranbrook, near Staplekurst.
1st Cadet Battalion . . . . . . . . Margate.
L X D N :
PlUNTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFMCE,
BY HA1UUSON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONI1Y, 116,GRAFTON STREET. DDBLIM.
29
IE IB -cm^ s
(EAST KENT REGIMENT).
ALTHOUGH only officially reckoned as a regiment of the British
Army from about 16G5, the East Kent Regiment represents an
armed force which existed for centuries before that date. The
privilege, which to this day it enjoys, of marching through the
city of London with bands playing and colours flying, is a
recognition of the fact that it owes its origin to the old City
Train Bands. This was a force maintained in olden times
by the stout citizens of the great city to protect their privileges
and property, and such was its discipline and valour, that the
support of the citizens of London has more than once turned the
tide of success in the contests which monarchs have waged
for the British throne.
The regiment subsequently shone in history under the title
of the Holland Regiment, a gallant band, drawn in the first
instance from the Train Bands of the City of London, who,
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, voluntarily went to the
assistance of the brave Hollanders, then struggling for their
lives and liberties against the power of the mighty Spanish
Empire. Although on a foreign shore and fighting on behalf
of another nation, they fought England's battle too, for it was
in Holland that the fierce struggle was continued of which the
Spanish Armada was an incident. Had Spain crushed the
Dutch, England would next have felt her vengeance, and the
:"_i _
~ _. - -
:: - - - .
who performed such prodigies of valour
MitThiTls of Holland were thus the bulwark
count? Holland
established the Holland - rame back
*n*{ became the regiment now known as the
liis regin.: honour of
its own the gl aose gallant men
was shed so freely in the cause of civil and religious
band which numbered am _ leaders that
valiant F.ngKah knight and gentleman. Sir Philip Sydney.
In the campaigns c: .-.?'. borough, when British troops
under a British leader humbled the pride of Louis XIV. " Le
,od Monarque," the Buffs fully bore out the reputation they
bad earned as the Holland Regimes- "] ' Ramil-
fies," " Oudenarde." and " Malpla
nilKa led their colonel, a brother of the D
of Marfboroogh, they took .n a dashing
bayonet charge which resuke. n of three
regiments of the enemy. A .plaque 7 were led
the Duke -^D, and fighting desperately, won their way
past the frowning cannon and over the entrenchments of their
foes, who fled in hopeless dismay before their irrei on-
gnal mark of distinction the badge of the
\ igon was awarded r tie sovereign to the regiment for its
The next distinctions on the colours are those which speak
of the stern strife : Penndar WSE. The name " Douro "
commemorates the pass.^ \ :.e river of that name in the face
: a powerful French armv. An ofncer and 25 men of the
f
Bufb were tl who crossed, and, being soon joined by
thrir comrades, gallantly kept the enem while the
British forces : crossir. I fought with success at
7 --. .--. ------ Albuher te of the hottest battles of
tfae war, their c^ . ^lour led them almost to destruction.
31
The " Buffs " were on that occasion engaged with the French
infantry in front, and while thus contendir | -:ed
in the rear by a large force ol 1 a and Polish
first, or Kins"? colour, was carried by Ensign Walsh- The
sergeants who protected it had all fallen in its de: ind
E.-.-isn Walsh was surrounded, wounded, and taken pr.
but Lieutena: ~ :iew Latham, alive to the honour of
corps, ran forward in time to seize the colour, and he defended
it with heroic gallantry. Surrounded by a crowd of ass
each emulous of the honour of capturing the colour, and
body bleeding from wounds, Lieutenant Latham clung with
energetic tenacity to his precious charge, defended himself
with his sword, and refused to yield. A lancer, seizing the
flagstaff and rising in his stirrups, aimed at the head of the
gallant Latham a blow which failed in cutting him down, but
which sadly mutilated him, severing one side of the face and
nose. Although thus severely wounded, his resolute spirit
did not shrink, but he sternly and rigorously continued to
struggle with the horsemen, and as they endeavoured to drag
the colour from him, he exclaimed : 4i I will surrender it only
with my life ! ' A second sabre-stroke severed his left arm
and hand in which he held the staff, from his body. He then
dropped his sword, and seizing the staff with his right lu
continued to struggle with his opponents until he was thrown
down, trampled upon and pierced with lances ; but the number
of his adversaries impeded their efforts to destroy him, and at
that moment, the British cavalry coming up. the enemy fled.
Lieutenant Latham, although desperately wounded,
intent on preserving the colour that he exerted the I."
strength he had left to remove it from the staff and to conceal
it under him. The Fusilier Brigade advanced, and by a
gallant effort changed the fortune of the day. Sergeant
Goush, of the 1st Battalion 7th Royal Fusiliers, found the
colour under Lieutenant Latham, who lay apparently dead.
32
The colour was restored to the " Buffs," and the sergeant was
rewarded with a commission. Lieutenant Latham survived,
and was specially promoted for his gallantry.
In the battles of the " Pyrenees," " Nivelle," and " Nive,"
the regiment continued its victorious career with the force
which drove the French from Spain, in spite of the efforts of
the ablest of the French marshals.
In India, they earned for their colours the name of " Pun-
niar," where they formed part of the small force which com-
pletely defeated a large Mahratta army ; whilst " Sevastopol "
commemorates the part they took in 1855 in that celebrated
siege. In the storming of the Redan, the Buffs were pre-
eminently distinguished, and, although from want of proper
support, they could not keep what they won, the bodies
of those who fell were afterwards found the furthest in the
enemy's position, and many individuals won special honours
on this occasion. In 1860 the regiment shared the labours
and victories of the force which brought the Chinese to
reason ; in 1875-76 they took a leading part in the Perak
Expedition against the Malays ; and in 1879, they faced the
fierce Zulus in South Africa, and helped to break the power of
that formidable people.
The 1st Battalion served throughout the campaign in
Chitral in 1895, and was the only British regiment that arrived
at Chitral Fort, which place it reached on the 15th May.
It also served throughout the campaign of 1897-98 with
the Malakand Field Force under the command of Major-
General Sir Bindon Blood, K.C.B., and took part in most of
the engagements in the Utman-Kheyl, Mohmand and Buner
countries. During the Buner expedition it was owing chiefly
to the accuracy of the long-range volleys of the " Buffs " that
the Tangi Pass was taken with the loss of only one man. On
the night of the 16th September, 1897, it was mainly owing to
the gallantry and devotion of a party of the " Buffs " under
33
Lance-Corporal Smith that the village of Bilot was held against
a strong force of the enemy, by which the lives of the General
and his Staff, and four mountain guns were saved. Two men
were killed and 10 were wounded, out of 14. Lieutenants
Watson and Cohan, R.E., and Lance-Corporal James Smith,
of the " Buffs " received the Victoria Cross, and four privates
of the regiment received the Medal for Distinguished Conduct
in the Field, for gallantry on this occasion. The exertions of
these officers would have been unavailing had it not been for
the stubborn courage of the men of the " Buffs," so amply
evidenced by the fact that only two of the party of 14 remained
unwounded when the fight was over.
In 1900, they arrived in South Africa to take part in the Boer
War.
Here they were brigaded with the West Ridings, Oxfords
and Gloucesters, forming the 12th Brigade of Lord Roberts'
Army.
With their comrades of the 6th Division they marched hard
and fast in support of the cavalry who had ridden out under
General French for the relief of Kimberley. On the 15th
February, 1900, Klip Drift was seized, and on the 16th, the
sight of a huge mass of horsemen and wagons showed that
Cronje, the Boer General, was hastily retreating from Magers-
fontein. The Buffs, with the rest of the 12th Brigade, went at
once in pursuit, and by the ardour of their attack so retarded
the progress of the Boers, that by the 17th, Cronje was practi-
cally surrounded by the British Army.
The Boers entrenched themselves on the banks and in the
dongas of the Modder River, and on the 18th, their position
was attacked. To reach the Boers an open plain of considerable
size had to be crossed, and as this was swept by the Boer fire,
many men fell in the daring charges which were made. The
result of the action, however, was that the Boers were driven
from many of their posts, and became more accessible to the
34
fire of our artillery. On the 23rd there was a determined
effort made to rescue Cronje by a strong party of Boers, who
attacked some kopjes held by the Buffs, but they were
completely repulsed, a good many of them being captured,
and four days later, the gallant efforts of our troops were
rewarded by the surrender of General Cronje with over 4,000
of his men.
Lord Koberts then advanced in the direction of Bloemfontein,
and after brushing away the Boers at Poplar Grove, found
i
them again strongly entrenched at Driefontein, resolute to bar
his further progress.
On the 10th March the Buffs and the other regiments of the
brigade were ordered to make a frontal attack, while other
troops turned the flanks. Under a 'heavy fire the Buffs and
their comrades made their way up the heights, taking advan-
tage of any cover available, but always steadily advancing.
On reaching the crest of the position they rushed the Boer
trenches, with the result that the Boers fled, leaving, however,
more than 100 of them dead on the ridge. The Johannesberg
Police, who fought for the Boers, suffered particularly heavily,
I
and not for a long time after this action would the Boers wait
for our infantry to reach them.
On the occupation of Bloemfontein the 6th Division remained
as a garrison, while the remainder of the army went on to
Pretoria.
Space only permits the briefest mention of some of the sub-
sequent services of the regiment during the many long months
which elapsed before the war ended.
On the 13th November, 1900, a detachment of the Buffs
repulsed a determined attack by Viljoen on Balmoral, and
much good service was rendered in the erection and manning of
blockhouse lines.
A fight at Brakenlaagte on the 30th October, 1901, however,
severely tested the soldier-like qualities of the regiment.
35
It was on trek at the time with a column under Colonel
Benson, when Louis Botha, taking advantage of the thick mist
and blinding rain, dashed at the rear-guard. Hundreds of
mounted Boers rode furiously at the two guns, and after a
desperate resistance overwhelmed the escort.
The detachment of the Buffs with the rear-guard suffered
severely in their heroic efforts, but the main body, with the bulk
of the column successfully resisted all further efforts of the
Boers, who disappeared in the night without having succeeded
in capturing the convoy which was their main object.
The losses of the regiment during the campaign amounted to
8 officers and 143 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of
wounds, disease, &c., and 11 officers, 184 N.C.O. and men
wounded an eloquent testimony of the services of the regiment.
The 3rd (Militia) Battalion the Buffs served in the Medi-
terranean during the Crimean War.
During the South African War it was embodied January 19th,
1900, and at once volunteered for active service, and left for
South Africa March 9th. On its arrival in that country it
was immediately sent up to Bethany to join the 3rd Division,
under General Chermside, and marched with that division to
re-occupy Reddersburg and Dewetsdoip.
On June 9th the battalion received orders to march to
Bloemfontein, and immediately afterwards was sent on to
Kroonstad. On June 23rd the battalion formed part of a
column, about 2,000 strong, which was sent out to take
supplies and reinforcements for General Paget at Lindley.
This column met with considerable opposition, resulting in
the ^successful engagement at Lindley on June 26th. In his
despatch to General Kelly-Kenny, Lord Roberts remarks
" that he is pleased to observe that a Militia battalion the
3rd Buffs distinguished itself on this occasion." Subse-
quently the Battalion took part in operations in the Wolver-
hoek, Vredefort Road, and Heilbron districts.
36
On October 10th, 1900, the battalion joined the column
under Sir A. Hunter, and proceeded to Bothaville, and
eventually to Ventersburg, and in his despatch dated
October 31st, 1900, Lord Roberts says : " Hunter mentions
that, in the attack on Ventersburg, a company of the Buffs
got hotly engaged, and behaved with conspicuous steadiness."
Later on, on December 15th, 1900, at General Hunter's
request, it formed part of a force sent down to Cape Colony
to oppose the threatened invasion, and took part in the
operations Bethulie Bridge, Olive Siding, and Colesburg,
returning to Kroonstad early in the following year. For the
remainder of its stay in South Africa, convoy and blockhouse
duties occupied the Battalion. On leaving South Africa for
St. Helena, where it remained six months, General Sir W. G.
Knox, in a farewell order, stated " that he desired to place on
record his appreciation of the services rendered by this unit,
both in the field and on the lines of communication. All
ranks have fully maintained the reputation bequeathed to
them as the oldest of the constitutional regiments of England."
The battalion arrived at Southampton on July 16th, 1902,
after an absence of nearly two years and a half.
The volunteers also furnished an excellent company which
joined the line battalion, and shared the work and risks of their
regular comrades with admirable spirit.
The following soldiers of the Buffs have won special distinc-
tions for acts of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
i
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel F. F. Maude, 1st Battalion.
For his conspicuous bravery during the final attack on the
almost impregnable Redan on the 8th September, 1855, when
he was in command of the ladder and covering party of the
37
2nd Division. Placing himself well in front of all, exposed
to round shot, shell and death-dealing canister, he led his
men right into the Eedan. On looking round he found only
nine or ten men there to support him, all the rest having
fallen before the enemy's fire. Nothing daunted, he dashed
for a traverse, which he held, although dangerously wounded,
and only retired when all hope of support was at an end.
Private John Connors, 1st Battalion.
For his conspicuous courage and devotion during the assault
on the Redan on the 8th September, 1855. He got inside the
Redan at great personal risk, and, seeing an officer of the 30th
Regiment surrounded by the enemy, he rushed to his assistance.
He immediately shot one of the Russians, ran his bayonet
through another, and then for some time carried on a hand-
to-hand encounter against great odds until support came.
Besides being decorated with the Victoria Cross he was selected
by his company to become the recipient of the French War
Medal.
Corporal James Smith.
On the night of the 16th-17th, September, 1897, Corporal
Smith, with a party of the " Bufis," responded to Lieutenant
Watson's call for volunteers, and followed that officer into
the burning village of Bilot, driving off the enemy with the
bayonet.
Afterwards, although wounded, he continued firing steadily
and coolly, and also helped to carry the wounded to the place
prepared for them.
When Lieutenant Watson left, in order to fetch assistance
*
-
>>;
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THE KING'S OWN
(Royal Lancaster Regiment).
THE King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) owes its
existence as a regiment to the fact that the Que?n of King
Charle? II. brought to that monarch a? parr of her dowry the
town of Tangier, a port in North Africa. To keep this place
a strong garrison was needed, as the M ors were unceasing in
their efforts to wrest it from the English, and in 1 ( >'\ in order
to re-inforce the hardly pressed garrison, tha King's Own
Regiment was raised under the title of the 2nd Tangier
R?gim?nt. Its servic? at Tangier was, however, of short
dur.tion, as owing to Kin: Charles's failure to persuade his
Parliament to vote the necessary money to meet the expense
of its defence, th.2 fortifications were dismantled four years
later, and the place abandoned to the Moors. The regiment
was brought home and became a regiment of the British Army,
known as the Queen's Regiment.
On the landing at Torbay of William III., on 4th November,
168S, the regim?nt is r ported to have been the first to join him
in the r volution which has been described a? the birth of
Eng'ish liberty. King William was pleased to honour the
regiment with the badge of the Lion of England.
The regiment gallantly supported King William in the con-
test waged in Ireland against James II., including the battle of
the Boyne on 1st July, 1690, and afterwards gained great
distinction at the siege of Xamur, a stupendous fortress in
Belgium, which was captured in 1695 by the forces of King
William III., in the face of a powerful French army. In 1702
the regiment took part in the capture of Vigo. a Spanish port
in which a valuable Spanish fleet from the West Indies had
D 2
42
taken refuge. This success was deemed sufficiently important
to warrant a thanksgiving in St. Paul's Cathedral, which was
attended by Queen Anne in State, and the regiment received
561 10^. as its share of prize money. In 1703, the " King's
Own " was called upon to temporarily quit the land service and
to undertake the duties of the Marines, and in tin- change of
duty had the gocd fortune to share an undertaking which
added a most valuable possession to the British Empire. This
was the capture of the world-renowned fortress of Gibraltar.
The fleet in which the regiment was serving was designed
to make a descent on the coast of Spain ; but this plan failed,
and at a council of war on board the Admiral's ship it was
resolved to attempt the surprise of Gibraltar. The Spaniards,
little dreaming that the British would have the audacity to
attempt so strong a fortress, had garrisoned it but slightly,
and it accordingly surrendered to the English Admiral on
the 24th July, 1704, within three days from the arrival of
the fleet. Awaking too late to the importance of their loss,
the Spaniards, aided by the French, made desperate efforts
to re-capture the fortress. A powerful French fleet and an
army of 12,000 French and Spaniards began a series of attacks
on the garrison of marines and sailors which had been thrown
in, which lasted for no less than six months, when, shattered
and disappointed, the foe withdrew, leaving Gibraltar in the
hands of Britain, a testimony to this day of the enterprise and
courage of the force of which the King's Own formed a distin-
guished part. In 1710 the regiment resumed its position
among the Land Forces of the Crown, and in 1715 received from
King George I. the proud title of " The King's Own." From
1743 to 1745 it was in the Low Countries and served with
distinction in the different campaigns in Flanders.
In 1746 the regiment took part in the battle of Falkirk,
where, with another regiment, it " withstood the fury of the
charging Highland host," and thus covered the retreat of the
army on Edinburgh ; it also took part in t he victory of Culloden
which ended the rebellion. In 1756 it was engaged in an
obstinate defence of th Island of Minorca, which was attacked
by a powerful French fleet and army, and for three months
heroically defended by a small garrison, one fourth of which
was the King's Own Regiment. Finding further resistance
hopeless, and worn out and exhausted by their exertions, the
garrison at last capitulated with all the honours of war, in
granting which, the French Commander himself described
their efforts as " a noble and vigorous defence." During 1759
43
to 1764 the regiment was engaged in the capture of West
Indian Islands, and in 1774 proceeded to America, where it
was hotly engaged in the War of Independence, and won
considerable credit for its conduct in the various campaigns.
In 1803, when the threatened invasion of this country by
Napoleon Buonaparte roused the spirit of the nation to the
extent that no less than 560,000 Britons flew to arms to guard
their shores, the " King's Own " had the honour of being
stationed at Shorncliffe, in order that it might be among
the first of the troops to cross bayonets with the invaders.
Daunted, however, by the readiness of the British nation, as
well as by th.; failure of his fleet, Napoleon turned his arms
elsewhere, and the troops in Great Britain were accordingly
ordered abroad to thwart his design; in other countries. In
September, 1807, the regiment was present at the bombard-
ment and SUIT 'iider of Copenhagen, and remained there in
garrison until 20th October, for whk-h duty it had been
specially selected.
During Sir John Moore's skilful but arduous retreat to
Corunna in 1809, the King's Own won the special praise and
confidence of the General for its steady and exceptional
discipline under great hardships, and at a critical moment of
the battle, which crowned this retreat with victory, Sir John
Moore, noticing that the regiment had been thrown back to
repel a flank attack, said, " I am glad to see a regiment there
in which I have so much confidence."
During the Peninsular War '' Badajoz," " Salamanca,"
" Vittoria," " St. Sebastian," ' Nive," heard the conquering
shouts of th " Kind's Own," and these names are now recorded
on their reir'mental colours. Especially at the storming of
Badajoz and St. Sebastian did the regiment distinguish itself.
In the face of the dreadful fire, and in sp'te of the murderous
obstacles with which the brav > garrisons defended the breaches,
the " King's Own " would not be denied admittance, and in
both these places its stormers were among the foremost who
entered. At Badajoz the casualties amounted to 17 officers and
213 men. A private, George Hatton, captured a colour from
the enemy, which was next day presented to Lord Wellington,
who ordered the promotion of the man.
In 1814, the regiment, hardly yet recovered from it; efforts
in th? Spanish Peninsula, again proceeded to America. Outside
the walls of the city of Washington a British force of some
3,000 or 4,000 men discovered an American army of twice
its strength in position. In an hour the opposing force was put
44
to flight, the city captured, and its stores and public buildings
destroyed. " Bladensburg " commemorates on its colours the
share of the King's Own in this achievement.
The regiment then returned to Europe, and by dint of
splendid marching arrived in time to take part in the celebrated
battle of Waterloo, where it bore with firmness throughout the
day the attacks of all arms of the French army, and in the evening
shared in that triumphant advance which swept away the
shattered legions of Napoleon. The casualties of the battalion
at Waterloo were 10 officers and 134 men, and, on taking leave
of the King's Own after the battle, Major-General Lambert
said, " In the battle, I personally observed that the high
character ' The King's Own ' had always borne had been
most justly merited." In the Crimean campaign the regiment
added to its colours the victories of " Sevastopol," " Alma,"
and " Inkerman," and sustain d its high reputation for
discipline and valour. In Abyssinia in 1868, and in South
Africa in 1879, it was successfully engaged in defending
the cause of civilis.ition against barbarous tribes, teaching
Abyssinians and Zulus alike that the British soldier of to-d y
is in courage and training in n.> way behind the veteran^ who
carried the colours of the King's Own to victory in bygone days.
On the outbreak of the Boer War the 2nd battalion was sent
to South Africa, arriving on 30th December, 1899, at Durban,
Natal, where it joined the llth (Lancashire) Brigad\ under
Major-General Sir E. R. P. Woodgate, K.C.M.G., C.B., and
formed part of the 5th Division.
On 17th January, 1900, the King's Own crossed the Tugela
by pontoons near Trichard's Drift, and on the 20th occupied
some kopjes near Venter's Spruit, where 2 men were killed and
14 wounded.
On the evening of 23rd January, the battalion started for
Spion Kop, and after a stiff climb reach d the summit about
2 a.m. on 24th. It was dark, and a thick mist re ted on the
top of the hill. The men, though very tired, entrenched
themselves as far as possible with their small Wallace spades
and then waited for daylight. When firing commenced about
7.30 a.m. these trenches were found to be useless, and most of
the men were advanced to the crest of the hill, taking any
shelter they could find amongst the rocks. All day they were
subjected to a terrible shell and rifle fire and suffered severely,
but held their position till dark.
They had no food except some biscuit and a little tinned
beef, no water, except what they had brought up in their
45
water-bottles, and having had no sleep the previous night,
were thoroughly tired out, so that many fell asleep where they
lay when the firing ceased at dusk. After dark, the hill which
the King's Own had fought so hard to hold, was evacuated by
order of Colonel Thorneycroft, who had been placed in command
when General Woodgate was wounded early in the day. The
losses were 4 officers killed, 4 wounded ; 56 N.C.O. and men
killed, and 90 wounded, some of whom died of their wounds.
The battalion was next engaged at Vaal Krantz on 5th
February. There the Lancashire Brigade, under Major-
General AVynne, C.B., made a feint against the front of the Boer
position at Brakfontein, while the main attack was made on the
right. The King's Own were in reserve and had no casualties.
After the unsuccessful attempt to break through at Vaal
Krantz to the relief of Ladysmith, the army fell back on
Chieveley, and on 13th February the final advance was
comm need by way of Hussar Hill, Monte Cristo, Hlangwani,
the kopjes north of the river, and Pieter's Hill. These opera-
tions ended with the relief of Ladysmith. During these 14
days the men were daily under fire, with very little kit, and
exposed to great heat and heavy rains. The King's Own held
Hussar Hill with the 1st South Lancashire, the composite
Kifle Battalion, two 5-inch guns, four naval 12-pounders, and
two batteries, lloyal Field Artillery, till 21st February. There
they were constantly shelled but without much result. On
21st, they crossed the Tugela below Colenso, and on 22nd, were
hotly engaged near the Onderbrook Spruit, where they lost on
22nd and 23rd, 2 officers killed, 2 mortally wounded and 2
slightly wounded ; 30 N.C.O. and men killed, and 104 wounded,
On 27th February at Pieter's Hill, the Lancashire Brigade was
formed with the King's Own and West Yorks in the first line ;
the former on the left, supported by the South Lancashires and
York and Lancasters in second line. The battalion behaved
most gallantly, and five companies, charging up the steep
slopes at the far end of Hart's Hill, carried that position at the
point of the bayonet. The remainder of the battalion, with
the South Lancashires, who were brought up in the gap between
the West Yorks and the King's Own, advanced on Railway
Hill and the nek connecting it with Hart's Hill. The casualties
in the battalion were 1 officer mortally, 1 dangerously, and
1 slightly wounded ; 7 N.C.O. and men killed, and 30
wounded. On 3rd March, the battalion marched into Lady-
smith with the relieving army : strength, 6 officers, and about
650 N.C.O. and men.
46
The battalion took part in Sir Kedvers Buller's subsequent
advance in May and June, 1900, and went through a good many
hardships, though the fighting was not so severe as in the relief
of Ladysmith. They took part in the operations at Botha's
Pass and Alleman's Nek, which forced the Boers to evacuate
Laing's Nek.
After holding the railway line near Paarde Kop from June till
Septrmber, the battalion on the 4th of that month marched
with the 5th Division to Wakkerstroom, and thence through
Utrecht to Vryheid, which was reached on 19th. Two com-
panies were left in garrison at Utrecht.
At Vryheid six companies and headquarters were left to hold
the town and the hill which commands it. The remainder of
the garrison consisted of two naval 12-pounders and one com-
pany Mounted Infantry The position was large and the work of
defence laborious, in addition to heavy outpost duty. On 7th
October the enemy made an attack which was easily beaten
off. On the night of lOth-llth December at 2.20 a.m. the
Boers made a determined attempt to take the hill. They
rushed the lower plateau where the Mounted Infantry were
encamped, but, though they kept up a heavy fire till dark on
the llth and even succeeded in getting within 50 yards of the
naval 12-pounder at the south end of the hill, the coolness and
steadiness of the men, combined with the good defences pre-
pared, enabled them to hold their position, and the enemy
never made another attempt to take the position during the
rest of the war. The casualties were 3 officers killed, including
Lie at. -Colonel Gawne, commanding ; and 5 men wounded.
The enemy's loss was heavy.
Two companies were left at Utrecht in September. They
remained there till January, 1901, and were several times
attacked.
In September, 1901, 2 officers and about 60 N.C.O. and men
of the battalion attached to 5th Division, Mounted Infantry,
were present at the defence of Itala. Here the Boers made a
desperate attack which lasted from midnight till dark next day,
when the enemy retired, having incurred very heavy loss.
Detachments from the 1st battalion served with the 16th,
19th, 23rd and 27th battalions Mounted Infantry, and did
good work with the various mobile columns in the Transvaal
and Orange River Colony.
During the last 16 months of the war the battalion held
numerous detached posts and blockhouses in the Dundee and
Ladysmith sub-districts. Their work was arduous, but there
was little fighting. The isolation of these small posts and the
constant outpost duty and work on defences were trying to
the rnen, but the duty was well performed. The battalion
sailed for England on 9th March and landed at Southampton
on 9th April, 1903.
This describes briefly all the battles on the colours. It must
be recollected that the services of the King's Own are not con-
fined to these records. In every colony and possession of this
great Empire, except New Zealand, the King's Own has served,
and with distinction.
The regiment has received recognition from many of the
Sovereigns whom it has served, but the greatest was conferred
on 28th April, 1903, when His Majesty King Edward VII.
honoured it by assuming the position of Colonel-in-Chief.
The South African Campaign also afforded both the militia
battalions of the regiment a welcome opportunity of proving
their value. The 3rd battalion having volunteered for active
service reached South Africa on 1st March, 1900, and performed
much hard and useful service during the two years of their
active service among other services. Three companies and
headquarters of the battalion held Zand River, a most impor-
tant post commanding the large railway bridge, and protecting
an enormous depot of supplies. Here they were attacked by
the enemy in the early morning of the 14th June, 1900, the
attack lasting all day. The enemy had two pom-poms, one
Maxim, and one 12-pounder. They were eventually driven off,
leaving many killed, wounded and prisoners. Lord Kitchener
issued an order thanking the regiment for its gallant conduct.
A company of Mounted Infantry was also raised, who were
employed with mobile columns under Colonels E. A. White,
and B. N. North. They took part in the engagement at Ven-
tersburg. In September, 1900, Colonel North took out the
Mounted Infantry and a few Yeomanry, and took the Boer
position and laager at Zeegadacht, near Brandfort. The
battalion held the blockhouse line and railway from Kroonstad
to Bloemfontein, repulsing several attacks and being engaged
in several small fights. It also manned an armoured train which
did good work under Captains Timmis and Challoner. The 4th
battalion was the first Militia battalion to leave England for
the seat of war, and disembarked at Cape Town on the 1st
February, 1900. It immediately proceeded to Naaupoort
Junction (at that time the advance base of General Clements'
force operating round Colesberg), an important railway junction
in the north-east of Cape Colony, where the headquarters of
the battalion were stationed until the 28th May, 1901, furnishing
detachments along the lines of communication from Port Eliza-
beth to Colesberj.
One of these detachments, stationed at Fish River Bridge,
wa- attacked by superior numbers of the enemy on the 23rd
February, 1901, and behaved with conspicuous gallantry,
holding the bridge until the arrival of an armoured train, when
the enemy at once retired. One officer and two men were
wounded in this defence, which lasted four hours. One com-
pany was employed in protecting Botha's Drift, on the Orange
River, when Da Wet made his raid into Cape Colony in
January, 1901. The Colesberg detachment, detailed as an
escort to a convoy to conduct stores to Philh'polis for the
garrison there, met with some resistance, but on being
reinforced were able to safely conduct the stores to their d s:i-
nation. The headquarters of the battalion were moved to
X orval's Pont, in the Orange Paver Colony, on the 29th May,
I -I. where it remained until it embarked for England on the
llth 'Ju - 1 :
The volun:- : sen-ice companies also performed excellent
service during the campaign, sharing the duties of their regular
comrades in a thoroughly soldierlike manner.
' "... 3sc Ethei siment during the war amounted to
13 officers. 197 X.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds,
dise - i : and 12 officers, 272 X.C.O. and men wounded.
The following ^ of the regiment have been awarded
th? Victoria Cross or Distinguished Service Medal, for gallantry
on the field of battle :
Victoria /: : .
Private Thomas Grady. During the Crimean Campaign he
.onteered to repair an embrasure in the trenches of the left
attack, on the 18th October, 1551. which had been so much
damag-d as to pr-vent the gun being worked, and fearlessly
accomplished his task, although in a position of imminent peril.
TVas once knocked down by a sard tag which was dislodged by
one of the enemy'; -.. b.
L shed Conduct Medal.
For gallantry during the Crimean Campaign. 1854-1855.
- : . - W. Cherry, P. Kearney ; Corporal; "W. Poulton,
C. MeAnley, R. Johnston. R. McDonnell ; Privates J. Cramp-
ton, C. Powell. E. Kelly. J. Thompson, M. McLeod, D. Ellison,
T. Gradv, P. Regan. P. Sullivan. W. Goward.
For gallantry in the Abyssinian Campaign. 1~ ] ^. .
Stl. P. Cxeedon.'
For gallantry in the Bida Expedition, West Africa. 1; 02.
?ereearrt Hanv Edwards.
South Africa Campaign.
Lance Sergeant G. C. S. McLeod and Private J. McGcwan.
jallantry at Spion Kop, in the ab-enc, of stretcher bearers did
*ood work in carrying wounded out of action under hot fire.
Colour-Sergeant D. Tyson and Sergeant H. E. Smith.
Gallantry at Vryheid. llth December,. 1900.
Sergeant G. E. Eoebuck. Good work done in charge of
Maxim gun throughout war. especially at Onderbrook Spruit,
22nd February, 1900.
Private G. Roberts. Gallantry at Vryheid, llth December.
L900.
Private R. R. Hamilton. Gallantry at Spion Kop (stretcher
Dearer).
Private Barry. One of a party of 10 on an advanced post on
Vryheid Hill, llth December. 1900. The ofncer in cimmand
sva kiled, four men wounded and three taken prisoners.
Ihcugh wounded in both legs, this man made his way back to
:he main position. 800 yards under fire, with his rifle and
immunition.
Sergeants P. Heaney and E. Dakin. and Lance-Sergeant J. E.
Donald. General good work.
Sergeant J. King. At Itala, Zululand. on 2oth - -ber,
L901. with 14 men, held an advanced trench under heavy cross
fire and repulsed enemy. He and eight of the party were
hit during the fight.
For distinguished conduct during the war. Sergeant M: :
R. Disley. Quartermaster-Sergeant D. Hardraan. Colour-^ :
cjeant T. Alcoek. Sergeant-Major H. C. Bacon, Colour-Sergeant
T. Tite. and Sergeants J. Lowe and J. Season.
Special Promotions.
Private C. Lownes to be Corporal. At Itala. Zululand. en
26th September, 1901. volunteered to carry ammunition to the
hill, and was wounded in doing so. Previously mentioned for
gallantry at Vryheid, on llth December. 1900.
GOD SAVE THE KING
THE
lorthumberland Fusiliers.
BADGES AND MOTTO.
George and the Dragon. In each of the four corners the united Bed and White Rose
slipped, ensigned with the Royal Crest.
" Quo fata vacant."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS
VlLHELMSTHAL," " ROLEIA," "/VlMlERA," " CORUNNA," " BtTSACO," " ClUDAD BoDKIGO,"
" BADAJOZ," "SALAMANCA," " VITTORIA," "NIVELLE," " ORTHES," "TOULOUSE,"
"PENINSULA," "LUCKNOW," " AFGHANISTAN, 1878-80," "KHARTOUM."
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " MODDER RIVER."
NIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS GOSLING GREEN.
Depot Headquarters NEWCASTLE,
MILITIA :
5th Battalion (Northumberland Militia) Alnwick.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1st . . .. .. Sexham \ 2. 2nd .. Walker, Newcastle- on- Tyne.
3. 3rd
Newcastle.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAI:UISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
1'KINTERS CN ORDINARY TO HlS MAJESTT.
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OL1 V~1<:R AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
53
THE NORTHUMBERLAND FUSILIERS,
THE Northumberland Fusiliers were first raised in 1674, for
service in Holland under the Prince of Orange, and after 11
years of campaigning on foreign shores became one of the
regiments of the British Army in 1685. It came with a
high reputation for gallantry and discipline, a reputation
fully sustained in its subsequent service. As a regiment of
the British Crown, it was engaged with credit in the Irish
campaign in 1690, and at the Siege of Namur in 1695. In
the battle of Campo Mayor, in 1709, when, allied with the
Portuguese against the Spaniards, four regiments of British
infantry, of which the Northumberland Fusiliers was one,
bore the whole brunt of the enemy's attack, covering success-
fully the flight of their allies, and, when forced to retreat, did
so with a calmness and courage that won the admiration alike
of friend and foe. In 1727 the regiment formed part of the
garrison of Gibraltar, when for four months the garrison
defied and defeated the whole strength of the Spanish forces.
At the battle of Kirch Denkern, in 1761, the regiment cap-
tured the whole Rouge regiment of France, with its cannon
and colours, and the next year at Wilhelmsthal, after a severe
conflict, captured twice its own number of prisoners. To
mark its gallant conduct on this occasion, it was allowed to
wear French grenadier caps instead of the ordinary Infantry
head-dress, and to inscribe " Wilhelmsthal " on its colours.
After a period of home service, during which its conduct and
discipline gained great commendation, the regiment took part
in the American war, serving with considerable distinction at
the battle of Bunker's Hill, in 1775, but it was in 1778, at the
capture of the island of St. Lucia, in the West Indies, that
the prowess of this distinguished regiment was so eminently
shown. It formed part of a small force under General
54
Meadows, which, after a short but energetic resistance on
the part of the French garrison had just succeeded in gaining
possession of the island, when a large French fleet, carrying
a force of 9,000 troops, appeared in sight. The French
landed and made preparations to attack the English, who
numbered some 1,300 only. In the midst of the desperate
conflict which ensued, when the ammunition of the English
was nearly exhausted, the General cried out in front of the
colours of the Fifth, " Soldiers, as long as you have a bayonet
left, defend those colours." So well was the order obeyed,
and so stout were the hearts of the gallant fellows whom he
addressed, that the French fled before their desperate charge
in irretrievable disorder, leaving behind them 1,500 men killed,
wounded, or prisoners, a number larger than the whole British
force. The men of the regiment, for their magnificent con-
duct, were allowed to place in their hats the white feathers of
the defeated French grenadiers, and retain to this day the
proud privilege they won on this occasion. In 1799 they
served with their usual courage in Holland, and were thanked
by their General for a service of special gallantry at the
battle of Winkel.
In the celebrated Peninsular War the regiment gained the
nicknames of the " Fighting Fifth " and the " Old and Bold."
How well these honourable titles were earned will be readily
believed, when it is considered that the colours bear the record
of no less than 11 great victories, viz. : ' Roleia," " Vimiera,"
" Corunna," " Busaco," " Ciudad Rodrigo," " Badajoz," " Sala-
manca," " Vittoria," " Nivelle," " Orthes," and " Toulouse,"
while the word " Peninsula " commemorates the skirmishes
and smaller engagements, which, while not attaining the dignity
of special record, yet furnished ample field for the display of
the fortitude and bravery of the British troops. At " Roleia,"
the conduct of the regiment called forth the highest commen-
dation of the Duke of Wellington, while at the affair of " El
Bodon " at a critical moment for the British Army, the Fifth,
with two other regiments, held in check a French army con-
sisting of between 30 and 40 squadrons of cavalry, 1 1 battalions
of infantry, and 12 guns, until the " Iron Duke " succeeded in
concentrating the rest of his forces. In a general order to the
army issued after this engagement, the Duke of Wellington
stated that the conduct of the troops engaged afforded a
memorable example of what can be effected by steadiness,
discipline, and confidence, as it was impossible for any troops
to be attacked by numbers relatively greater than those which
55
attacked these troops. Their conduct was further recom-
mended by the Duke to the particular attention of the rest of
their comrades " as an example to be followed in all such
circumstances." Surely no praise could be higher, and coming
from the Duke of Wellington, who praised so sparingly, we
may know it was well deserved.
The storming of Badajoz, in 1812, cannot be passed over
without mention. At a moment when the deadly nature of
the defence seemed to render the attack hopeless, Colonel
Ridge called upon the men of the Fifth for a supreme effort,
and at a moment when the French were shouting " Victory/'
this gallant soldier raised a fallen ladder and sprang upon the
ramparts, and the Fifth, closely following, drove the garrison
before them, losing, however, their noble Colonel, who fell at
the moment of victory. Through all the battles by which the
invading French hosts were hurled out of Spain, and then
shattered by conquering blows on their own soil, steadily and
nobly did the gallant Fifth, or Northumberland Fusiliers,
uphold its splendid reputation, and when the fierce struggle
closed in 1814 it found the regiment with a character for
constancy and valour second to none in the war-worn British
Army.
After the Peninsular War, a long interval of peaceful em-
ployment succeeded, and it was not until 1857 that the colours
of th regiment were again unfurled in the face of a foe. The
word " Lucknow " on the colours bring thrilling recollections
with it. The Northumberland Fusiliers were with Havelock
when the distant music of his march brought hope and joy to
tin beleaguered garrison of Lucknow. Hemmed in by thou-
sands of savage and blood-stained sepoys, that little band had
held its own for many weary days and who can tell their
feel'ngs when Havelock's dauntless men burst through the
rebels and won their way to help them. The Fifth remained
in Lucknow until the final relief of that city by Sir Colin
Campbell, and during this per'od many acts of ndividual
gallantry were performed by its men, by which the reputation
of the regiment gained additional lustre.
The next war service of the regiment was in Afghanistan, in
1878, 1879, and 1880, where, amidst the rocks and passes of that
wild country, the Northumberland Fusiliers avenged the death
of the British envoy, and showed that valour and fortitude
ara the inseparable inheritance of the British soldier.
The 2nd battalion of the regiment took part in 1888 in the
successful operations in the Black Mountains, where it earned
E
56
the special commendation and praise of the then Commander-
in-Chief in India, General Lord Roberts, V.C.
On the 16th January, 1898, the 1st battalion embarked at
Gibraltar and proceeded to Egypt in order to take part in the
operations up the Nile, and on the 2nd September, 1898, was
present at the groat battle of Omdurman, which resulted in a
splendid victory for the British forces, the Khalifa's army of
50,000 men being completely routed and the death of the
heroic Gordon avenged.
The battalion had scarcely overcome the hardships of this
campaign when it received orders to proceed to Crete to assist
in quelling the disturbances that had arisen in that island.
Both battalions of the regiment subsequently took an
active share in the South African Campaign. At Belmont, on
November 22nd, 1899, the Northumberland Fusiliers were
among the corps who stormed the strongly held kopj es and carried
off the honours of the fight. It was pre-eminently a soldier's
battle, where in the words of Sir H. Colville, " the men did for
themselves what no General would have dared to ask of them."
At the Modder River, described by Lord Methuen as one of
the hardest and most trying fights in the annals of the Army,
the Fusiliers stuck to their difficult task with the splendid dog-
gedness of the British soldier, and the evacuation of the Boer
position in the night was due to the tenacity of the British
attack during a most trying day.
The 2nd battalion suffered heavily in the unfortunate night
attack at Stormberg on 10th December, and again at Redders-
berg, after a desperate defence against overwhelming forces.
At the attack on General Clements' camp at Nooitgedacht,
where the Boers " fought like fanatics," the Northumberland
Fusiliers again were in the thick of it, but their losses were
compensated by the preservation of the British column.
In the attack by the Boers on 3rd March, 1901, on Lichten-
burg, the Fusiliers (part of the garrison) had a desperate struggle
to maintain their ground, being driven to their last trench, but
held on sturdily under a very heavy fire, with the result that
the Boers were forced to withdraw with heavy loss.
Another incident of the regiment's South African Campaign
deserving of notice was the attack on Colonel Von Donop's
column on 24th October, 1901, at Kleinfontein. Here in the
midst of a very rough country the Boers made a sudden and
furious attack, in the course of which a desperate struggle took
place for the possession of the two British guns. The escort
was composed of men of the Northumberland Fusiliers, and
57
such was their constancy and valour that before the Boers were
finally driven off, hardly a man of the escort was left standing.
In common with many other corps of the militia and volun-
teers, sterling service to the country was performed both by
the militia and volunteers of the regiment. The 5th battalion
(militia) volunteered for foreign service during the South African
Campaign and formed part of the garrison of Malta, while no
less than five excellent companies were furnished by the
volunteer battalions for service in South Africa, where they
marched and fought side by side with their comrades of the
regular battalions and fully earned the right to share the war-
like reputation of the " Fighting Fifth."
The total casualties of the regiment during the war amounted
to 13 officers, 240 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds,
disease, &c. ; and 21 officers, 292 N.C.O. and men wounded
an eloquent testimony to its devoted courage.
The following soldiers have won special distinctions for
gallant conduct on the field of battle :
Victoria Cross.
For gallantry during the Indian Mutiny. Private P.
McManus, Sergeant R. Grant, Private P. McHale, Sergeant
R. Evart.
Distinguished Conduct Medal.
New Zealand Campaign, 1865. Colour-Sergeant J. Catter-
mole.
For Afghan War, 1880. Colour-Sergeant J. Woods, Private
J. Openshaw.
Hazara Campaign, 1888. Lance-Corporal J. Hay.
Ashanti, 1901. Corporal D. S. Blair.
Sudan, 1898. Colour-Sergeant T. Burdett, Sergeant-Drum-
mer J. Cordeal, Sergeant A. Bannerman.
South Africa, 1899-1902. Quartermaster-Sergeant M. White;
Colour-Sergeants F. Poulter, C. W. Honnor, A. Landen, G. J.
Taylor ; Band-Sergeant J. Stone ; Sergeants J. Hutton,
J. Railton, W. Smith ; Lance-Sergeant G. P. Wymer ; Corporals
W. G. Down, F. Lincoln, H. G. Seager ; Lance-Corporals J.
Davis, W. Brown, R. M. Delaney, W. W. Raynham ; Privates
W. Cooper, H. Earle, J. East, A. Harris, G. Metcalfe, T.
O'Donnell, J. Rea, J. Slater, J. Smalley, J. Snowdon, J. Tracey,
G. Blackj A. Naylorj and 8, Symons,
GOD SAVE THE KING.
E 2
6
THE
ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT,
BADGES.
the Antelope. In each of the four comers the united Bed and White rose slipped,
ensigned with the Imperial Crown.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
ROLEIA," "VIMIERA," "CORUNNA," "VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "ORTHES,"
"PENINSULA," "NIAGARA," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1846-47, 1851-2-3." " ATBARA,"
"KHARTOUM," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters WARWICK,
MILITIA .
5th Battalion (1st Warwick Militia)
6th Battalion (2nd Warwick Militia)
1. 1st . ,
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
Birmingham. \ 2. 2nd
Warwick.
Warwick.
. . Coventry.
LONDON:
PitlNTED FOR His MAJKSl'j'S STATIONERY Oj'FIOB,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LAXE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be pmvhased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
\VYMAN AXI) SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, K.C., or
OLIVER AND 1!OYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, IIG,GRAFTON STREKT. DUBLIN,
61
THE ROYAL WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT
(Formerly the 6th Foot).
THE Royal Warwickshire Regiment was first organised in 1674,
and was composed of adventurous Britons, who, finding no
occasion for the display of their ardent courage in their
native land, placed their services at the disposal of the Dutch
Government, then battling in the cause of civil and religious
freedom against the ambitious Louis XIV. of France.
In the 11 years of campaigning in Holland, which preceded
their enrolment as a regiment of the British Army, they gained
a distinguished reputation for discipline and courage. In
1676 especially, their heroic conduct at the aege of Maestricht
brought them much renown. In the quaint wording of the
Ha'jue Gazette, " The English gained very great honour."
Again, in 1678, at a severe conflict at St. Denis, we read that
" the Earl of Ossory and his troops performed wonders."
Among these troops was the regiment now known as the
Royal Warwickshire Regiment. So great indeed was th
estimation in which they were held, that when, on
peace being declared, the Dutch Army was reduced, the
wise Hollanders chose rather to dispense with their
own soldiers than lose the services of these gallant Britons.
But others were equally sensible of their value, and
in 1685 the British Government made them a regiment
of the British Army as the 6th Regiment of Foot,
although the Dutch were still allowed their services on loan.
In 1688, King James II. be3ame so unpopular with the people
of this country, that it was resolved to call over the Prince of
Orange, the recognised champion of religious freedom. The
6th or Warwickshire Regiment cast in its lot with that of the
j and with him landed at Torbay on the 5th November,
62
1688. How gladly the Prince and his gallant little army were
received by the English people is a matter of history, and in a
very short time the Prince became an English Sovereign under
the title of William III.
King James had, however, many adherents in Ireland, and
th? Warwickshire Eegiment was therefore sent to that
country, and at the battle of the Boyne, and at the many
sieges and conflicts which ensued before order was finally
restored in Ireland, the regiment behaved with the gallantry
which it 5 previous conduct had led its countrymen to
expect.
As monarch of the United Kingdom, King William con-
tinued the struggle against the French King, which he had so
steadily waged as Prince of Orange, and the regiment there-
fore again found itself facing its old foes on the battle-worn
fields of Flanders. In 1692, at the closely contested battle of
Steinkirk, the British troops with their usual desperate courage
flung themselves in the midst of the enemy, but their allies
thought discretion the better part of valour, and left them to
bear the whole force of the enemy's army. Though forced
by numbers to retreat, they did so with reluctance, and the
Warwickshire in particular withdrew from the field a mere
skeleton.
In 1695 the regiment added to its laurels at the siege of
Namur, and in 1702 shared in the rich booty gained at the
capture of Vigo, a Spanish port in which a richly laden fleet
had taken refuge.
In 1705 they were again in Spain under the command of
that gallant and romantic nobleman the Earl of Peterborough.
The story of this remarkable campaign has long been the
admiration of military men. The extraordinary marches, the
gallant exploits and dashing victories of the small force of
this famous peer are equally the honours of the Warwickshire
Regiment. At the capture of Barcelona the regiment so
particularly distinguished itself that its Colonel was warmly
embraced and thanked by King Charles of Spain, for whom
the English were fighting.
In 1707, at the battle of Almanza it fought with " un-
paralleled resolution," and it was on this occasion that the
regiment won its badge of an antelope, having captured a
standard with this badge from the enemy. In 1708 it was
at the capture of the Island of Minorca, on which occasion
we read that the fury and resolution of the assailants terrified
the garrison into a surrender, which they deeply regretted
63
when they saw by how small a force they had been conquered.
In 1710 they fought at the battle of Saragossa, when King
Philip, the rival king of Spain, was utterly defeated, and the
Colonel of the Warwickshire was, as a mark of honour to the
regiment, selected to carry the news of the victory to Queen
Anne, together with the colours and other trophies of victory.
In 1719 it was again at Vigo, when immense quantities of
stores gathered for the invasion of England were destroyed.
It then fought with success in the West Indies, against
Spain, in 1741, and again in 1773. against the natives who
were committing great depredations.
In 1808 the regiment went to Spain to take part in the
celebrated Peninsular War. Here, under the renowned
Duke of Wellington, the regiment nobly maintained its
high reputation. It shared the glory of the victories
of " Roleia " and " Vimiera " in 1808, the famous battle
of " Corunna " in 1809, and the crowning victory of
' Vittoria " in 1813 ; but it was in one of the combats in
the Pyrenees that the regiment earned special praise. The
French army was being forced by the conquering genius of
Wellington and the ardour of the British troops, tep by step,
over the rocky barrier which divided Spain from France.
Under skilful generals the French seized every height in the
endeavour to stop their backward movement, and many a
conflict was necessary to convince them that the choice was
not theirs. In one of these engagements a brigade of British
troops, of which the Warwickshire formed more than half,
found two whole French divisions posted in a formidable
position on the heights above Echalar. Undaunted by the
difference of numbers the British troops climbed the heights
in the face of the enemy, and by a supreme effort which
called forth the utmost courage of every officer and man
they forced the enemy to fly before them. The Duke of
Wellington, who witnessed this brilliant achievement, said
' Their attack on the enemy was the most gallant, and the
finest thing I ever witnessed." At " Nivelle " and " Orthes "
they beat the French on their own ground, and earned the
word " Peninsula " on their colours for their general conduct
in the campaign. The regiment had hardly recovered from
its noble exertions in the Peninsula ere it was called to
America, where in 1814, it gained another distinction for its
colours : " Niagara " an engagement on the frontiers of
Canada. In 1832 the regiment received the proud distinction
of being made a Royal regiment. The two next decorations
64
on the colours, " South Africa, 1846-7," and " South Africa,
1851-2-3," tell of the successful efforts of the regiment
against the Kaffir tribes, who in those years seriously menaced
the safety of the English colonists.
The regiment furnished the second largest draft of troops on
board the ill-fated ship the Birkenhead, which foundered off the
coast of Cape Colony on 7th January, 1852. It will be remem-
bered how nobly the hundreds of British soldiers stood steadfast
in their ranks as the waters closed over them after having seen
to the rescue of the women and children on board.
In 1867, the regiment took part in the expedition against
the wild Hazara tribesmen on the North- West frontier of India,
and in 1898, it helped to avenge the death of Gordon, fighting
at the battles of the Atbara and Khartoum, where the power
of the Khalifa was finally broken, and his cruel and infamous
misgovernment swept away.
In November, 1899, the regiment sailed for South Africa to
take part in the Boer War, and served with the 6th Division,
under General Kelly- Kenny. The Mounted Infantry of the
regiment took part in the long and exhausting marches which
headed off General Cronje in his retreat from Magersfontein,
and in the fight at Paardeberg, and on the 27th had the pleasure
of witnessing the surrender of Cronje and over 4,000 Boers.
The rest of the battalion was guarding the Orange River
Station until 4th March, 1900, when it proceeded to
Bloemfontein.
On 3rd May, this time in the llth Division, under General
Pole-Carew, the Royal Warwickshire Regiment started on its
long march to Pretoria. Often with reduced rations, and
each man carrying a weight of some 40 Ibs., nothing could
be finer than the splendid marching power displayed, or the
cheerful endurance under the burning heat of the day and the
bitter cold of the nights. At the Zand River the Boers tried
in vain to interrupt the march, but on the 31st May, in spite of
the Boer opposition, Johannesburg was occupied, and on the
4th Juna, the Warwickshire Regiment took part in the last
fight which the Boers made to save Pretoria, when the ridge in
front of the town was gallantly carried by them. The following
day the regiment with its comrades marched past Lord
Roberts in the square of Pretoria, with the British flag flying
from the Government buildings in token that Pretoria no longer
belonged to the Boers.
In July the regiment again moved against the enemy and took
part in the operations which ended with the defeat of the Boer
65
army at Diamond Hill, and in the following month was present
at the capture of Belfast, and then following up the retreating
Boers through their various fastnesses, captured Lydenberg,
when President Kruger fled to Europe. Still advancing, the
regiment at last arrived, in defiance of all opposition, at Komati
Poort. This was the last place in the east the Boers could
hold, and its occupation made it necessary for the Boers to des-
troy their artillery, and General Pinaars and 2,000 of his men,
leaving their arms behind them, were forced to take refuge in
Portuguese territory. The Royal Warwickshire Regiment wa^
then left to hold Komati Poort against any return of the Boers,
but after some time in this fever-stricken station it was found
necessary to give it a change of climate, and it was therefore
placed in charge of the Boer prisoners and sent with them to
Bermuda, where it remained for the rest of the campaign.
The total casualties of the regiment amounted to 5 officers,
151 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c. ;
and 7 officers, 85 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The South African Campaign among other things brought the
value of the militia and volunteers prominently forward, and
the Warwickshire representatives of these forces did excellent
service during the war.
The 5th Battalion served in South Africa from December,
1901, until September, 1902, and garrisoned the blockhouse
lines in Cape Colony.
The 6th Battalion embarked in January, 1900, being the first
militia battalion to land, and served until June, 1901, when it
returned home. Its duties in South Africa brought it frequently
in contact with the enemy, with much credit to the battalion.
The service companies furnished by the volunteer battalions
shared with equal spirit the hardships of their regular comrades
to whom the first company was attached, while the second
rendered good service in guarding the railway lines and Van
Reenan's Pass.
The following N.C.O. and men were awarded the Medal for
Distinguished Conduct in the Field :
Soudan Campaign, 1898.
Colour- Sergeant R. Darnley,
Colour-Sergeant G. Marsden,
Sergeant S. Girling.
66
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Sergeant- Major W. Parker.
Sergeant- Major T. H. Harwood.
Quarter-Master-Sergeant T. Powell.
Colour-Sergeant A. J. Baker. Although wounded, remained
with his company collecting the wounded, and did not give in
until he had issued the blankets to his men, and then only when
his captain ordered him to go to hospital and have his
wounds dressed, 27th August, 1900.
Colour-Sergeant H. W. Shepherd.
Sergeant B. Bayliss.
Sergeant W. Tobin.
Sergeant S. Brumhill. Took men out in front of the trenches
with a view to assisting the advance of the Guards' Brigade,
26th August, 1900.
Sergeant C. Underwood. Twice carried messages from firing
line to reserves under a hot fire, 22nd April, 1900.
Sergeant F. Coster.
Sergeant J. Barfield. At Vet River, Orange River Colony,
7th April, 1901, pursued six armed Boers, rode down one and
shot him when he refused to surrender. General Tucker's
special despatch, dated 9th April, 1901 : " He showed great
dash."
Corporal H. Darwin.
Corporal J. Harper. Carried messages under fire, 26th
August, 1900.
Corporal A. Scattergood.
Lance-Corporal D. Collins. Took men out in front of the
trenches with a view to assisting the advance of the Guards'
Brigade, 26th August, 19 0.
Private W. Bborall.
(Where no specific act of gallantry is mentioned, the medal
was awarded for consistent bravery throughout the campaign.)
GOD SAVE THE KING.
T
ROYAL FUSILIERS.
BADGES.
The United Red and White Rose within the Garter and the Crown over it. la
each of the four corners the White Horse.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" MARTINIQUE,'' " TALAVERA," " ALBUHERA," " BADAJOZ," " SALAMANCA,'
" VITTORIA," " PYRENEES," " OBTHES," " TOULOUSE," " PENINSULA," " ALMA,'
" INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "KANDAHAR, 1880," "AFGHANISTAN, 1S79-8U,' 1
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters-HOUNSLOW,
MILITIA.
th Battalion (Royal Westminster Militia) .. .. .. Hounxlbiv.
th Battalion (Royal London Militia) . . . . Artillery Place, Finslury.
th Battalion (Royal South Middlesex Militia) . . . . Hounsloiv.
1st .,
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
33, Fitzroy Square, W. \ 2. 2nd, 9, Tufton Street, Westminster.
3. 3rd . . Edward Street, Hampstead Road, N. W.
4. 4th . . 112, Shaftesbury Street, City Road.
5. 1st Cadet Battalion . . Pond Street, Hampstead, N. W.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY IIAUUISON AXD SONS, ST. MAUTLVS LAME,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIV1CH AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 11G, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
THE ROYAL FUSILIERS.
THIS distinguished corps was raised in London in the year 1685
by command of King James II. The first two companies
raised were the old Independent companies of regular troops
which had long garrisoned the Tower of London, and the regi-
ment was completed with volunteers called for in London.
The purpose for which it was called into existence was to
guard the ordnance of the army, as although artillery had
rapidly followed the invention of gunpowder, the regiment
known as the Royal Artillery had not been thought of. The
regiment was armed with a firearm known as a fusil, and hence
its title of Fusiliers. In 1688, however, it ceased to perform
its special duties in connection with the Artillery, and was
ranked as one of the Infantry regiments of the Crown, still,
however, retaining its title of Fusiliers. After the accession
of King William III. the regiment went on service to Flanders
and fought with credit at the battle of Walcourt. As his
reward for his services in this campaign, Marlborough was
appointed Colonel of the Royal Fusiliers. It was, however,
soon recalled for duty in Ireland, where King James's partisans
were in arms.
On the cessation of hostilities in that country, the regiment
returned to Flanders to take part in the campaign then being
conducted against the French by King William III. In 1692
it fought bravely at Steinkirk, and at Landen in 1693.
At the celebrated siege and capture of the strong fortress of
Namur the regiment earned the special thanks of the King
for its gallantry. In 1702, the Royal Fusiliers shared the
spoils taken at the capture of Vigo spoils so great that Queen
Anne attended a special thanksgiving service at St. Paul's on
the receipt of the news.
In 1707 they were again warring in Spain, and signalised
their resolute bearing by a stubborn defence of Lerida, where
for two months they defied the persistent attacks of a powerful
70
French and Spanish army. When water and food were ex-
hausted, they were granted favourable terms, and marched away
with colours flying to join the remainder of the British Army.
In 1718, on board the fleet, the regiment served in the battle
of Messina as marines.
A long period of peaceful service, some portion of it on
board the fleet in various quarters of the globe, ended in
1775, on the outbreak of the American War of Independence.
For a period of no less than eight years the Royal Fusiliers
were engaged in this unfortunate contest with varying successes.
Whatever may be the opinions of the justice of the cause there
can be no difference of opinion as to the conduct of the British
soldiers engaged. Fighting often amid hitherto untrodden
wastes, exposed to all vicissitudes of climate, and to
incessant privation and fatigue, the Royal Fusiliers with the
other regiments of the British forces, could at least look back
with pride on the manner in which they had borne their part.
From 1789 to 1793, and from 1796 to 1801, the regiment was
commanded in Gibraltar and Canada by H.R.H. the Duke of
Kent, father of Her Lite Majesty Queen Victoria. In 1807
the regiment participated in the expedition against Copen-
hagen.
In 1809, the regiment was employed with the force which
wrested the valuable West Indian island of Martinique from
the French, and for their conspicuous gallantry had the word
^ Martinique " inscribed on their colours. As this was the
first action inscribed on the colours, it will be understood that
up to this time it had not been the custom to record great
victories on the colours. In the Spanish Peninsula, the Fusiliers
took a glorious part in those heroic campaigns which, by the
genius of Wellington and the valour of the troops he commanded,
ended in the complete defeat of the most celebrated of
Napoleon's marshals. But many a deed of daring and bitter
contest was necessary before this result was achieved, and none
hazarded their lives more freely for their country's cause than
the Royal Fusiliers. In ]809, they met the storm of war at
Talavera with unshaken firmness, and captured seven of
the enemy's guns ; in J810 they fought at Busaco, and again
at Burlada, but the undying lustre of the glory they won at
Albuera, in 1811, almost overshadows their other gallant ex-
ploits at this time. As the official report said" The conduct
of the Fusilier Brigade was such as effectually secured the
victory." At " Badajoz," " Salamanca," " Vittoria," " Ciudad
Rodrigo," " Sauraren," " San Sebastian," " Nive," " Nivelle "
71
" Pyrenees," " Orthes," and " Toulouse," the regiment
maintained its glorious reputation, although circumstances
gave the Fusiliers no other opportunity, as at Albuera, of
settling the fate of a great battle by their individual gallantry,
but their conduct at " Vittoria " deserves a passing notice.
When the French broke and fled, the Fusiliers went in pursuit,
and such was the discipline of this famous corps, that no man
left the ranks to pick up any of the money and jewels scattered
on the ground amidst the baggage of the retreating French.
In 1814 the Royal Fusiliers were sent to America and took
part in the operations against New Orleans. They arrived at
Ostend from America on the day of Waterloo, and eventually
proceeded to Paris. They formed part of the Army of Occu-
pation.
After the Peninsular War, the Royal Fusiliers were not
called into the field again until the outbreak of the Crimean
War in 1854. The words " Alma," " Inkerman," and " Sevas-
topol," tell of their services ; and their fierce charge under their
gallant Colonel Lacy Yea up the slopes of the Alma, and
gallantry in the assaults on Sevastopol, were fully worthy of
the noble traditions of the regiment. Several of the officers
and men gained the Victoria Cross for deeds of heroism during
the campaign. Of the conduct of the Royal Fusiliers at
the battle of the Alma let Kinglake, the historian of the
Crimean Campaign, speak : " When along the whole line of
the Allies there was no other regiment fighting, Lacy Yea and
his men were still at their work." Twelve officers and more
than 200 men were killed and wounded in the battle. Rosters
preserved show that the Royal Fusiliers furnished more trench
guards during the siege of Sevastopol than any other corps.
In 1863 the 1st Battalion took part in the Umbeyla Campaign
on the North-west frontier of India.
In 1867 the 2nd Battalion served in the Fenian Rebellion
Canada, and in Afghanistan in 1879-80, when
in
' Kandahar " and " Afghanistan " were added to the noble
list of victories of the regiment, the gallant spirit of the men
being signally shown in the sortie from Kandahar.
As one of the battalions of the Fusilier Brigade under Major-
General G. Barton, C.B., the 2nd Battalion embarked for South
Africa for the Boer War on the 22nd October, 1899, and pro-
ceeded to Natal. It took part in the operations for the
relief of Ladysmith under General Sir Redvers Buller, being
engaged in the battles of Colenso, Tugela Heights, and Pieter's
Hill. In April, 1900, as part of the 10th Division under
72
Sir A. Hunter, it was Bent round from Durban to Cape
Town, whence they were railed to Kimberley. A portion of the
battalion accompanied Colonel Mahon in his dash to relieve
Mafeking. The Royal Fusiliers with the Royal Welsh Fusiliers
stormed and captured the important position at Rooi Dam
on the 5th May, 1900. This successful action enabled Colonel
Mahon to push on to Mafeking without serious opposition.
The Fusiliers having marched across the Western Transvaal,
reached Pretoria on the 1st July, 1900. They were immediately
sent to join the force under General Sir E. Hutton, and took
part in the operations to the south-east of Pretoria. They
then were sent to the force under Sir Ian Hamilton, which
proceeded to Balmoral in the Eastern Transvaal ; on their
return they were stationed at Pienaar's Poort and afterwards
at Bronkhorst Spruit on the Delagoa Bay Railway where they
remained until January, 1901.
Being ordered to form part of the force under Major-General
Arthur Paget, which was sent to Cape Colony for operations
against De Wet, they were sent by rail to Rosmead, Cape
Colony, and remained for a year on line of communications,
afterwards moving to Steynsburg, where they occupied
the blockhouse line east and west of that station.
In May, 1901, the battalion embarked at Cape Town for
Port Nolloth, whence it was sent to take part in the
operations for the relief of Ookiep, which town was being
besieged by a strong force of Boers under General Smuts.
On the return voyage to Cape Town a half battalion was dis-
embarked at Lambert's Bay, whence it marched to Calvinia
to occupy the blockhouse line in that part of the country.
The Headquarters and four companies disembarked at
Cape Town and proceeded to Victoria West Road, two com-
panies being at once sent to Carnarvon. On the conclusion
of peace these two companies and the half battalion from
Calvinia rejoined the battalion at Worcester, where the Head-
quarters had meanwhile moved.
The battalion afterwards moved to Wynberg, thence to
Green Point, Cape Town, and finally sailed for England,
disembarking at Southampton on the 22nd October, 1902,
Much good service was also rendered both by the 'Militia
and volunteers of the regiment during the campaign.
The casualties of the regiment in the war amounted to
4 officers and 80 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of
wounds, disease, &c., and 6 officers and 100 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
73
In May, 1904, the 1st Battalion proceeded on the Tibet
expedition and distinguished itself in the attack on the Gyangtse
Jong.
The following officers and men of the Royal Fusiliers have
received the Victoria Cross since the date of its institution in
1855 :
Lieutenant William Hope, who on the 18th June, 1855,
although exposed to a very heavy fire, carried in Lieutenant
and Adjutant Hobson, Royal Fusiliers, who was lying
dangerously wounded near the abbatis of the Redan.
Private Matthew Hughes, for assisting Lieutenant William
Hope to carry in Lieutenant and Adjutant Hobson, while
performing this meritorious action, he was himself wounded.
Assistant Surgeon Thomas Egerton Hale, who on the 8th
September, 1855, at the assault on the Redan remained with
the wounded when exposed to a very heavy fire.
Private William Norman, for great coolness and courage
in making prisoners of two Russian soldiers, while on sentry
on an outlying picket before Sebastopol.
Captain Henry Mitchel Jones, for conspicuous gallantry
during the Crimean war, being especially distinguished at the
assault and defence of the Quarries, 7th June, 1855, in repeatedly
leading on his men to repel continual night attacks of the enemy
although himself wounded.
Private Thomas Ashford, for conspicuous gallantry during
the sortie on Deh Khoja, IGth August, 1880, in having rescued
and carried for over 200 yards, under fire of the enemy, a
wounded soldier, Private Massey, Royal Fusiliers, who had
taken shelter in a blockhouse ; though several times compelled
to rest, he and Lieutenant Chase, Bombay Staff Corps, suc-
ceeded in bringing Massey to a place of safety.
CaptainCharles FitzClarence, for conspicuous gallantry on the
14th October, 1899, in proceeding with his squadron of the
Protectorate Regiment, which consisted of only partially trained
men who had never been in action, to the assistance of an
armoured train which had gone out from Mafeking and which
had been attacked by the Boers. On the 23rd October, 1899,
he led his squadron from Mafeking across the open and made two
night attacks with the bayonet on the enemy's trenches, in
which a hand-to-hand fight took place, and though a very
heavy fire was concentrated on it from the rear, the enemy
were driven out with heavy loss. Captain FitzClarence was
the first man into the position and accounted for four of the
enemy with his sword.
F 2
74
The following have been awarded the medal for Distinguished
Conduct in the field :
For gallantry at the battles of Alma and Inkerman. Colour-
Sergeant 1236 C. Fisher ; Corporals 1923 J. Button, 2684 J.
Horswell, 2527 M. Hudson, 2430 H. Spence ; Privates 1469
W. Allen, 2403 J. McCabe, 2598 T. Taylor, 1415 J. Hargreaves,
2505 H. Sweeny, 2068 J. Ryan, 1718 J. Spilsbury, 3172 W.
Patterson, W. Barrack, T. Burke.
For gallantry during the siege of Kandahar. Corporal
55 H. Rhodes ; Lance-Corporal 1707 S. Pitchford ; Privates
1108 W. Harbart, 893 D. Regan, 2132 R. Taylor, 2522 H.
Ross, 627 E. Hallett.
For gallantry during a Moplah disturbance in 1884. Private
Thomas Rolph, in laying, under fire, charges of guncotton against
the doorway of a temple in which a band of fanatics had taken
post.
For the South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-
Major 1552 H. Metcalfe ; Colour-Sergeants 2327 C. Gorring,
3257 W. Hadley, 3172 F. J. Kirkwell, 1309 G. J. Tandy;
Acting-Sergeant-Major 3293 J. Oliver ; Sergeant 3469 F. E.
Sanders ; Lance-Sergeant 5573 A. E. Smith ; Lance-Corporals
6830 W. Bell, 7325 J. Wardrop ; Privates 5802 W. Keefe,
5078 J. Benton, 7195 A. Damms.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
8
THE KING'S
(LIVERPOOL REGIMENT).
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The White Horse within the Garter. In each of the four corners the Royal Cypher,
ensigned with the Imperial Crown.
" Nee aspera temnt."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
;E SPHINX, superscribed "EGYPT," "BLENHEIM," " RAMILLIES," "OCDENARDE,"
"MALPLAQUET," "DETTINGEN,'' "MARTINIQUE," "NIAGARA," "DELHI,"
"LCCKNOW," " PEIWAR KOTAL," "AFGHANISTAN, 1878-80," "BURMA, 1885-87,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " DEFENCE OF LADTSMITH,"
NIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters- WARRINGTON,
MILITIA :
'd Battalion (2nd Royal Lancashire Militia)
h Battalion (2nd Royal Lancashire Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS:
Warrington.
Warrington.
1st, 65, St. Anne Street, Liverpool.
2nd, Upper Warwick St.. Prince s
3rd
Park, Liverpool.
Southport.
6. 6th, 59 and 61, Everton Road,
Liverpool.
7. 7th (attached to 6th Volunteer
Battalion)
Douglas.
8. 8th, Fraser Street, Liverpool.
4th, 77, Shaw Street, Liverpool.
5th, 50 and 52, Everton Brow,
Liverpool.
CADET BATTALION :
it Cadet Battalion Liverpool Regiment . . 18, Albert Buildings, Preason's
Roiv, Liverpool.
LONDON:
PRINTED TOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON' AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTT.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, B.C., or
OL1VKR AND BOYD, EDINBURGH; or
. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DDBL.
77
THE KING'S (Liverpool Regiment).
(Formerly the 8th Foot.)
THE King's, or Liverpool Regiment, was raised by King
James II. in 1685, the year of Monmouth's rebellion, and
was first called upon to fight its country's battles during the
campaign in Ireland, when the deposed King James was
making, with the aid of the French, his last stand for the
throne. It fought with gallantry under William III. at the
battle of the Boyne, and when the campaign in Ireland was
ended, the regiment proceeded to Flanders, to take part in
the contest, which, under the ever famous Marlborough,
was to shed an undying fame upon the valour and genius of
the British nation. At the siege of Venloo the regiment
made a signally gallant and daring attack on Port St.
Michael, which gained it considerable reputation. At the
attack on the heights of Schellenberg, and at the famous
battle of Blenheim, in 1704, the regiment well maintained this
reputation.
After Blenheim, came the great victories of Ramillies,
Oudenarde, and Malplaquet, in all of which the regiment bore
no mean part.
Throughout these campaigns it had fought under the
title of the " Queen's," but on George I. becoming
king, the regiment became the " King's " Regiment, a proud
title which it still keeps. In 1743 it was again in the
field fighting under a commander no less distinguished than
their king himself. At Dettingen, memorable as being the last
battle at which a British king led his army in person, the
regiment formed part of that small but gallant force of
infantry which swept away the splendid cavalry of France, and
changed what was on the eve of being a considerable disaster
into a glorious victory for the British Army. In 1760 to
78
1763 the regiment was campaigning in Germany, marching
and countermarching, and fighting, with more credit to the
soldiers themselves than to their commanders. In the
American War of Independence the regiment was engaged
for some years, and although the issue of the contest forbids
the commemoration of the many victories the troops won, yet
the account of the struggle makes it clear that, thankless and
profitless as it was, the British soldiers at least performed
their duty with their accustomed bravery and endurance.
Nor amid much temptation to bitterness and cruelty did they
belie the national character for tempering courage with
humanity. This was, among other instances, especially shown
at the capture of Fort Cedars. This fort, garrisoned by some
400 Americans, was gallantly captured by a small force con-
sisting of a captain and some 38 men of the Liverpool Regi-
ment, supported by a body of friendly Indians. On the
surrender of the Americans the Indian-, enraged by the fall
of some of their chiefs, were about to kill the whol of the
prisoners, when the British captain and his few men did not
hesitate to throw themselves before the prisoners, and, not-
withstanding the threats of their bloodthirsty allies, guarded
the lives of their prisoners until they were in safety. The
next exploit of the regiment was in Egypt, where, under the
brave Abercromby, they met the war-trained soldiers of
Napoleon's " Army of the East." With this army that great
general had designed to conquer the Eastern Hemisphere for
Franci', but at the very threshold, as it were, it was met
by the British, and on the banks of the Nile, and under the
shadow of the Pyramids, the French Army, the terror of other
European nations, had to yield to British valour. The regi-
ment, changing the scene of action, was next in the West
Indies, wher^ it assisted at the capture of Martinique from
the French.
Then followed, in 1813, another campaign in America, ^here
the courage of its soldiers gained for the colours of the regi-
inent its next distinction " Niagara," to commemorate the
defeat of an American Army which designed to invade
Canada.
A long period of peaceful service ensued until the year
1857 found them at Jullundur, in India. At this moment
came the terrible Indian Mutiny, and a period of active
service followed which showed that long years of peace had in
no way diminished the spirit of th regiment. They first
ensured the safety of Jullundur and then started for Delhi,
79
the heart of the Mutiny. Here for three month ; .30,000 rebels
with some 170 guns were besieged by a small British
force of a few thousand men. Hardship and disease had to
be fought as well as the enemy, but every man of the British
force knew that to fail in the siege would give the mutineers
hosts of fresh supporters, who were but awaiting events before
committing themselves. Gallantly the troops stuck to their
task, and little by little reinforcements reached them, until
the day cam? when the assault was delivered, and with bayonet
and rifle the narrow lanes and stately palaces of the great
city were swept clear of the mutinous sepoy, and the sovereign
power of Britain once more firmly established. Under their
gallant Colonel Greathed, the King's bore a foremost place,
and no sooner was Delhi captured than they were formed into
a column for the relief of Agra. Here they defeated 8,000
mutineers and captured all their guns, and from thence they
pressed forward to Cawnpore. This place was again in the
hands of the British, and a force was organised for the final
relief of the devoted garrison of Lucknow. The King's and
their fellow troops pressed forward, eager to dispose once for
all of the force which had so long threatened their countrymen
and countrywomen. Lucknow was reached, the investing
lines of the mutineers shattered, and every man, woman, and
child was brought safely away.
The next campaign of the regiment was the Afghan War
of 1878, when the 2nd Battalion was selected to proceed
on active service with the Koorum Valley Field Force, then
commanded by Major- General Frederick Roberts, V.C., C.B.
The fores crossed the frontier on 21s L November, and
reached Koorum Fort without opposition on 25th of that
month. On 28th, after a march of 22 miles, the force reached
the foot of the Peiwar Kotal. On 2nd December the Kotal
was attacked in front and flank, the battalion taking part in
the frontal attack. After a very trying day, and after having
suffered some lost from the enemy's fire, the position was
occupied, the enemy having fled with the greatest
precipitation.
The year 1879 was spent by the Battalion in Afghani-
stan, holding the Peiwar Kotal and several minor posts. One
of these latter, AH Kheyl, was attacked in force on 14th
October, but the attack was repulsed with heavy loss to the
enemy. The battalion remained in garrison during the whole
of 1880 until the field force was broken up, when it returned to
India, and was stationed at Mian Mir.
80
In 1881 it suffered severely from cholera and was split up
into several small camps. The battalion was not concentrated
again until November, most of the men having been under
canvas sine 3 June, through a very hot and trying Punjab
summer. Its loss during the epidemic was 55 men and 3
women.
In 1885 the 2nd Battalion was selected to proceed with
the field force to Burma. It left Calcutta on 3rd November,
was transhipped to a river steamer at Rangoon, and proceeded
up the Irrawady with the force under General Prendergast.
On 10th November the battalion, in the leading steamer,
crossed the frontier, On the 1 1th it took part in the attack
and capture of Malloon, and on the 12th it assisted in the
taking of the Burmese frontier forts of Minhla and Kooli-Koon,
when it led the column on the left bank of the river through
a long and trying day. On the 24th it took part in the attack
on Myngyan. Two companies of the battalion were selected
to escort King Thebaw from Mandalay to Madras. The
battalion was divided into numerous detachments, separated in
some cases by hundreds of miles, throughout the winter of
1885 and the whole of 1886. One party under Colonel Le
Mesurier marched with a column from Myngyan to Yemethen
over 100 miles to open up communication, being the first
troops to march through that part of the country. Another
party was engaged in the taking of Popa ; another again
outside Mimbu had 1 officer and 13 men out of 20 killed and
wounded. All the detachments were constantly engaged with
the enemy, and although the Burmese campaign was not
marked by any large engagement, the losses suffered by the
battalion will show what it had to go through during the
18 months it was on active service, as no less than 12 officers
and 256 N.C.O. and men were killed, wounded, or invalided.
At the outbreak of the Boer War in October, 1899, the 1st
Battalion was quartered at Ladysmith, and was soon engaged
in active hostilities, taking part with the remainder of the
garrison in the actions at Reitfontein (24th October) and
Lombard's Kop (30th October).
Then followed the hardships and dangers of the four months'
siege, which in spite of the hard work on the defence, and short
and indifferent rations, were borne with steady courage and
cheerfulness. The battalion was allotted to the North-Eastern
(Devon Post-Cemetery Hill-Tunnel Hill-Liverpool Castle)
under Colonel W. G. Knox, which was, as Sir A. Hunter says,
" the most difficult by far to hold, because it was dominated ;
81
it lay lowest ; yet under the supervision of the section com-
mander, this portion of the defence was, by the strenuous
exertions of the men, turned into a model of a semi-permanent
fortification, which secured the battalion from the heavy loss
which it must otherwise have endured." In spite of its
weakness, owing to the privations and heavy work, the battalion
was able to supply six companies as part of the column which
followed up the Boers on the relief of Ladysmith.
In order to recruit and get fit once more to take the field,
the battalion was moved to Colenso, where it remained till the
beginning of April, when it returned to the neighbourhood of
Ladysmith. It then took part in the advance and operations
in Natal under Sir Redvers Buller, including the flank move-
ment towards Wakkerstroom, and the operations which
resulted in the evacuation of Laing's Nek by the Boers. Of
this important place the battalion, with two 12-pounder guns
and one company of the Manchester Regiment Mounted
Infantry, formed the garrison for about six weeks, during which
time the men were again called upon to work hard on the
defences.
On the 1st August, the battalion moved out to take part
in the advance on Belfast, Eastern Transvaal. This entailed
long marches, bivouacking on intensely cold nights, and enduring
shell or rifle fire practically every day, but the cheery and
indomitable spirit of the men never failed them.
On the 23rd August, the battalion was heavily engaged at
Geluka Farm, C and E Companies were nearly surrounded by
the Boers, but gallantly fighting their way out of their diffi-
culties, they eventually succeeded in rejoining, but with the
heavy casualty list of 20 killed, 49 wounded, and 5 missing, out
of a total of about 150 engaged, Captain Durham Plomer, who
was wounded and taken prisoner, died a few days after from his
wounds, whilst still in the hands of the Boers.
After having been present at the action of Bergendal, the
battalion arrived at Machadodorp on 29th August, and was
distributed along the Machadodorp-Godwin section of the
Delagoa Bay Railway for its protection. Here it was engaged
in the construction of blockhouses and other defences which it
occupied until the end of the war.
Early on the morning of 29th December, 1900, the garrison
at Helvetia, consisting of B, F, and H Companies, with about
20 troopers 19th Hussars, and a gun detachment with a 4-7 gun,
was attacked by the Boers. The principal defences were on
four kopjo.s about 600 yards apart, and formed a rough semi-
82
circle. Simultaneous attacks were made on all points. Under
cover of the dark and a thick fog the Boers succeeded in sur-
prising the eastern kopje, on whic'h the gun was, and took the
garrison prisoners. This part was the key of the position and
commanded the main camp situated by the central kopjes,
which at once came under a very heavy fire. The losses soon
became serious, and ammunition was becoming exhausted.
The western kopje was held by a portion of B Company under
Lieutenant Wilkinson, who, though heavily engaged and called
upon to surrender, refused to do so, and succeeded in keeping
the enemy at bay until relieved. Lieutenant Wilkinson was,
on completing six years' service, gazetted Brevet-Major. The
casualties were 9 killed, 28 wounded, 1 missing, 130 prisoners.
The prisoners taken were, however, released a few days after-
wards and came into Machadodorp.
Whilst being re-equipped the Boers attacked Machadodorp,
and the released prisoners performed very good service in
beating off the attack. Corporal G. Wilde with a small party
occupied an isolated post and successfully maintained it,
though repeatedly attacked by superior numbers.
During the war the regiment also furnished some companies
and machine gun sections for the Mounted Infantry. The
1st Mounted Infantry Company was formed prior to the out-
break of war, and during the siege of Ladysmith on 6th January,
1900, it acted as support to the defenders of Wagon Hill, and
was under a very heavy shell and rifle fire the whole day. After
the siege, as part of the 4th Division, Mounted Infantry, it took
part in the advance through Natal and Eastern Transvaal,
being almost continuously engaged with the enemy. On 21st
August, 1900, at Vanwyk's Vlei it was opposed by a very
superior force of Boers, and a portion of it was only able to
withdraw from the position it had taken up by the cool and
gallant conduct of Sergeant H. Hampton and Corporal H. J.
Knight, who were both awarded the V.C.
On the 13th February, 1901, two men, Private G. Griffiths
and Private P. Troy, greatly distinguished themselves when
on patrol from Brugspruit. They observed a train just
blown up by the enemy and proceeded to the spot. They
took shelter behind an engine which had previously been
derailed, after driving their horses towards camp to prevent the
enemy getting them. They were attacked by 200 Boers, who
called on them to surrender ; they, however, shot the leader
and kept the enemy off till reinforcements arrived, by which
time they had expended all their ammunition. Their action
83
saved the train from being looted. For their services, both of
these men were promoted to corporal.
At Zoutpan's Drift, on 13th December, 1899, Private J.
Bradshaw earned a mention in despatches for gallantry in
having, after being severely wounded, returned to the help of
his comrades in the fighting line, who were hotly engaged, and
where he remained until again badly hit.
4 officers and 148 N.C.O. and men were either killed in
action or died of wounds or disease, while 1 officer and 66 men
were wounded.
The 3rd (Militia) Battalion was embodied from 23rd January,
] 900, and was stationed at Preston and Dublin. During this
period it furnished 156 militia reserve men for active service
with the York and Lancaster, and Wiltshire Regiments.
It was again embodied on 2nd December, 1901, and proceeded
to South Africa on 16th December. Here, with headquarters
at De Aar, it furnished detachments for the blockhouse lines
at Durban Road, Richmond, Phillipstown, Hopetown and
Steynsberg, and was employed on escort duty to convoys, often
coming into contact with the enemy. The battalion left South
Africa on 27th August, 1902, and was disembodied at Warring-
ton on 15th September.
The 4th Militia Battalion was embodied from 3rd May, 1900,
to 31st October, 1900, doing garrison duty at Fermoy. It was
again embodied on 6th January, 1902, and proceeded to South
Africa, where it arrived on 23rd January. On arrival, it pro-
ceeded to Mafekmg, where it occupied the forts and blockhouses
forming the defence of that town. Subsequently the battalion
constructed the blockhouse line between Mafeking and Lichten-
berg, and occupied it till the end of the war. It formed a
Mounted Infantry company, which was employed up and down
the line on small expeditions and convoy duties. It also
furnished drafts of militia reserve men to the Royal Lancaster
and York and Lancaster Regiments. The casualties in the
two battalions were : Died, 2 officers, 10 N.C.O. and men ;
whilst 4 officers, 3 N.C.O. and men were mentioned in
despatches.
Three composite companies were formed from the volunteer
battalions, and joined the 1st Battalion on active service, whilst
the 5th (Irish) Battalion furnished a complete company, which
was attached to the Royal Irish Regiment, and was reinforced
during the war by three sections from the same battalion to
replace casualties, &c. The first composite company was formed
in January, 1900, and proceeded to South Africa, where it joined
84
the 1st Battalion at Colenso on 29th March. With the batta-
lion it took part in the operations in Natal and Eastern Trans-
vaal, receiving the clasps for Laing's Nek and Belfast. In the
action at Geluka Farm, the company was sent to reinforce E
and F Companies, who were heavily engaged, and had three
men wounded.
The second company arrived at Cape Town on 2nd June,
1001, whence it proceeded to join the 1st Battalion on the
Machadodorp-Godwin section of the Delagoa Bay Railway.
Here it was employed patrolling and occupying the blockhouse
lines.
The 3rd Company joined the 1st Battalion in May, 1002.
Owing to the conclusion of peace, the company only served in
South Africa for a short period, embarking at Capetown on
4th July, for England.
The 5th (Irish) Company was formed in January, 1900, and
joined the Royal Irish Regiment, with which as part of Major-
General Clement's Brigade, it took part in the actions at Klip
Flat Drift and River Drift, Bethlehem, and Slabbert's Nek.
When with Lieut. -General Ian Hamilton's Division, it was
present at Schaap Krantz, Belfast and Lydenberg, Private
Danesmore, of this company, an ammunition carrier, was
mentioned in despatches for gallantry in action.
The casualties were 1 officer, i N.C.O. and men died, and
3 men wounded.
The following is a list of distinctions won by soldiers of the
regiment for gallant conduct in the field of battle :
Awards of Victoria Cross.
Crimean Campaign. Ensign A. Moyniham.
South African Campaign. Sergeant II. Hampton. On 21st
August. 1900, at Van Wyk's Vlei, Sergeant II. Hampton, who
was in command of a small party of mounted infantry, held
an important position for some time against heavy odds, and
when compelled to retire, saw all his men into safety, and
then, although himself wounded in the head, supported Lance-
Corporal Walsh, who was unable to walk, until the latter was
again hit and apparently killed. Sergeant Hampton was again
nded a short time after.
.-poral H. J. Knijrht. On 21st August, 1900, during the
operations near Van Wyk's Vlei. Corporal Knight was posted
in some rocks with four men, covering the right rear of a detach-
ment of the same company, who, under Captain Ewart, were
holding the right of the line. The enemy, about 50 strong,
8-3
attacked Captain E wart's right and almost surrounded Corporal
Knight's small party. This N.C.O. held his ground, directing
bis party to retire one by one to better cover, where he main-
tained his position for nearly an hour, covering the withdrawal
of Captain E\vart's force and losing two of his four men. He
then retired bringing with him two wounded men ; one of these
be left in a place of safety, the other he carried for nearly
two miles. The party were hotly engaged the whole time.
Private W. Heaton. On 23rd August, 1900, the company to
which Private Heaton belonged, advancing in front of the
general line held by the troops, became surrounded by the
enemy and was suffering severely. At the request of the
Officer Commanding, Private Heaton volunteered to take a
i : ige back to explain the position of the company. He was
successful, though at the imminent risk of his own life. Had
it not been for Private Heaton's courage there can be little
doubt that the remainder of the company, which suffered very
severely, would have had to surrender.
Awards of Distinguished Cotiduct Medal.
Indian Mutiny, 1857, for gallantry before Delhi. Sergcant-
Major J. H. Robinson.
For gallantry at Yembi, in the Soudan, 1903. Colour-
Sergeant F. Boardman.
South African Campaign. Colour-Sergeant A. Lees. At
Gcluka Farm on 23rd August, 1900, when in command of half
F Company, noticed to his left a kopje occupied by Boers ;
immediatelv led a rush to it and gained possession, thus preven-
ting the firing line from being outflanked and subjected to
enfilade fire.
Colour-Sergeant W. Johnson. For coolness and gallantry in
moving out of a sangar during the attack on Helvetia, 29th
December, 1900, to locate the Boeri who were then at close
range, and for the able handling of his men.
Corporal R. Hargraves. For coolness and gallantry at
Geluka Farm, 23rd August, 1900, in collecting ammunition and
ting the wounded.
Private M. Carney. During the attack on Helvetia, 29th
December, 1900, covered by his fire Colour-Sergeant Johnson
while the latter was rebuilding a partially demolished san_ r ar,
and otherwise displaying great coolness and gallantry.
86
Private G. Palmer. At Lombard's Kop, on 30th October,
1899, under a heavy fire assisted a sergeant-major Royal Field
Artillery, who was seriously wounded, to a place of safety.
Privates J. Trainor and J. McNamara. Were of the party
under Corporal H. J. Knight, at Van Wyk's Vlei, on 21st
August, 1900.
Private J. Hogan. Near Pretoria, in June, 1900, assisted by
one comrade, succeeded in holding a large body of Boers in
check until his company (mounted infantry) could make good
its retirement.
Corporal G. Wilde. At Machadodorp, on 6th January, 1901,
when in command of a small advance post, successfully main-
tained his position, though repeatedly attacked by superior
numbers.
Privates J. Turner and Roberts. For gallant conduct in the
Campaign.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
- -\
s: -.*-... -
The Norfolk Regiment.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The figure of Britannia.
"KOLEIA," "VlMIERA," " CORUNNA," " BUSACO," "SALAMANCA," " VlTTORIA,"
"ST. SEBASTIAN," " NIVE," "PENINSULA," " CABOOL, 1842," "MOODKEE,"
" FEKOZEBHAH," "SOBBAOX," "SEVASTOPOL," "KABUL, 1879," " AFGHANISTAN, 1879-80,'
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-1902," ." PAARDEBEBO."
JNI FORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-NORWICH,
MILITIA:
rd Battalion (1st Norfolk Militia) . .
th Battalion (2nd Norfolk Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
1st ..
2nd
Norwich.
Great Yarmouth.
3. 3rd
4. 4th
Norn- id.
Norwich .
East Dereham.
Norwich.
LONDON:
POINTED FOR Hl3 MAJTSTT'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MAIITIN'S LANE,
PEINTEKS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
AnJ to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, fru:u
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THE NORFOLK REGIMENT,
IN the year 1685, 220 years ago, within a few months of the
death of Charles II, this historic corps was first raised in
Gloucestershire to take the field against James, Duke of
Monmouth. Its title then, and for many subsequent years,
was The Ninth Regiment of Foot.
In August, 1782, the regiment received the new designation
of The Ninth, or East Norfolk Regiment. From that date its
connection with the county of Norfolk has been unbroken. The
change of title from The East Norfolk Regiment to The Norfolk
Regiment was made on 1st July, 1881.
It saw its first war service in Ireland, where the
regiment formed part of the force which brought relief to the
heroic garrison of Londonderry in 1689, and subsequently
fought at the battle of the Boyne, and at the sieges of
Limerick, Athlone, and Aghrim. On the authority of King
William III being completely established in Ireland, the regi-
ment proceeded to Holland, where it served with considerable
credit during 1701, and particularly so at the reduction of Liege
in 1702. In 1704 it was unfortunate enough to have to serve
in Spain, while its more fortunate comrades were reaping a
harvest of fame under Marlborough. In Spain, under less
gifted commanders, the regiment had the dismal experience of
being betrayed by the cowardice of the Governor of Castel de
Vide into the hands of the French. Being exchanged shortly
afterwards, however, it did good service in the subsequent
operations, during which it assisted at the capture among other
places of Badajoz and Ciudad Rodrigo, places which years
afterwards were to be famous as the scenes of far fiercer
struggles. In 1707, it was at the battle of Almanza. Here
the small British force was deserted by its Portuguese allies,
and after a most heroic struggle against overpowering numbers,
had to retreat. How well the regiment fought may be gathered
when we read that out of the 467 men who went into action,
only 100 were left at its close. As a reward for its gallant
services the " figure of Britannia " was bestowed as a regi-
mental badge.
A long period of garrison service ensued, and it was not
until 1761 that the services of the regiment were again required
in the field. It then took a distinguished part in the capture
of Belle Isle, an island ofi the coast of Brittany, and in the
following year won for this country, Havannah, in the Island
G 2
90
of Cuba, an acquisition afterwards exchanged for Florida.
The regiment was officially praised for its conspicuous courage,
steadiness, and perseverance in this service. In 1776 it was
summoned to America in the effort to restore the King's
authority over the rebellious colonies. During the hardships
and conflicts it underwent in America it gained signal distinc-
tion at Fort St. Anne, where the regiment was attacked by a
force six times its own number, which was gallantly repulsed
after three hours' fierce struggle. For this exploit it was pub-
licly thanked in the orders issued to the army. In 1793 and
1794 it was in the West Indies, making short work of the
French possessions there. " Tobago," " St. Lucia," " Mar-
tinique," and " Guadaloupe " in turn saw the British troops
as conquerors.
In 1799 they were fighting the French in Holland, and in
1808 they proceeded to the Spanish Peninsula, to earn their
share of the glory won by Wellington and his dauntless army.
At the battle of " Roleia " they, with one other regiment, dashed
at the enemy with such a fierce impetuosity as left the rest
of the army behind and caused these two corps for a time
to bear the whole brunt of the French attacks, which they
bravely met and gallantly repulsed. Equally successful the
same year at " Vimiera," the next year saw them as victors at
the memorable battle of Corunna under Sir John Moore.
Deserted by the Spanish armies and threatened by the whole
force of Napoleon, Sir John Moore had made amidst the utmost
severity of the climate a most skilful march to the coast, warding
off and baffling the powerful enemy at his heels. On reaching
" Corunna," however, he turned, and with his footsore and
famished soldiers, administered a thrashing to the French that
forced them to keep a respectful distance while the British
force embarked. Their gallant commander fell in the action,
and to the men of the Norfolk Regiment fell the melancholy
honour of placing him in his soldier's grave, and they were the
last of the British force to embark in the darkness of that fatal,
yet victorious night. Her Majesty Queen Victoria, in 1881,
was pleased to approve of the officers of the regiment wearing
a black line in their lace to commemorate this interesting fact.
At Busaco, in 1810, the Ninth Regiment came up most
opportunely as the enemy had gained the crest of our position,
and charging them at the point of the bayonet down the
hill, decided the fate of the day in that part of the field. Here
their discipline was conspicuous in ceasing fire, in the heat of
action, when suddenly ordered to do so.
91
At Salamanca (1812) they formed part of the right brigade,
which was deployed in line, and for some time exposed to the
enemy's artillery. They were standing at ease with ordered
arms. As files were knocked over, their comrades touched into
the centre by the side step as coolly as on parade. A staS
officer from the Duke of Wellington rode up to Sir James Leith,
and ordered him to advance to the attack. He replied, " Thank
you, sir ; that is the best news I have heard to-day," and turn-
ing to the men, he took off his hat, and waving it, said, " Now,
boys, we'll at them." The advance of that brigade in line was
one of the finest things that was ever seen up a rising ground,
and for nearly half a mile exposed to the enemy's fire.
At " Barrosa," " Fuentes d'Onor," and at " Vittoria " the
regiment again and again proved itself worthy of its reputation
for discipline and valour, while at the passage of the Bidassoa
its ardour and contempt of danger earned on the field the
thanks of the great Duke. The battle of the " Nive " closed
its services in the Peninsular War, and the word " Peninsula "
on the colours commemorates its good conduct throughout that
campaign, " at the close of which Great Britain stood the most
triumphant nation in the world."
A period of nearly 30 years then ensued ere the next war
distinction was earned. Then the regiment was in India and
was called upon in 1842 to avenge the slaughter of the British
envoy and the treacherous massacre of the British force in
Afghanistan during the preceding year. Fighting their way
with their comrades, the regiment marched through the cele-
brated Khyber Pass, and after inflicting on the way several
severe chastisements upon the fierce and treacherous Afghans,
they reached Cabul, where the British flag was hoisted and
saluted, to show the tribesmen that the arm of the British
nation was long and strong enough to assert its power even in
the midst of their savage land. Low's Life of Sir G. Pollock
notes that " In carrying out these interesting and almost unique
operations of war, the chief meed of praise is only justly due to
that noble corps, the Ninth Foot, and their gallant and chival-
rous leader, Colonel Taylor." In 1845 the regiment had to
meet a foe who had learnt the lessons of war from the British
troops themselves. The Sikhs had fought in the Afghan cam-
paign side by side with them, but now, over-proud of their
discipline and courage, the Sikh army of 60,000 men, with over
200 guns, turned its arms unexpectedly and unprovoked against
the Government of India. An army was hastily assembled to
oppose them, in which the Norfolk Regiment was included,
92
and under Sir Hugh Gough it rapidly marched to meet them.
Within 60 days the Sikh army was completely destroyed, and
the scattered survivors fled in groups over the face of the
country, and 220 guns, together with a vast amount of other
spoil, fell into the hands of the British Army. The victories of
Moodkee, Ferozeshah, and Sobraon, over the Sikhs, were highly
glorious to the regiment. At Ferozeshah the Sikhs had above
100 guns of the heaviest metal, which they served with great
effect, repulsing our first attack ; but the Ninth restored the
day, bayoneting the Sikhs at their guns, and driving their
protecting infantry before them.
The regiment next proceeded on active service to the
Crimea, where it arrived in time to share the arduous work in
the trenches before " Sebastopol," and the fall of which is com-
memorated by the inscription on its colours. After taking part
in the Jowaki Expedition of 1877-8, it was again in Afghanistan
in 1879-80, where it practically repeated the lesson which
40 years had apparently blotted out from the recollection of
that untameable race.
Much hard service fell to the lot of the regiment during
the South African Campaign. It formed part of the 7th
Division of the army which marched under Lord Roberts
to Bloemfontein and Pretoria. The 7th Division started by
capturing Jacobsdal from the Boers, and then strained every
nerve to be up in time at Paardeberg, where Cronje had been
headed off on his retreat from Magersfontein. On the 18th
February an assault was made on Cronje's position, and on
Majuba Day, 27th February, 1900, Cronje and over 4,000 of the
Boer army surrendered themselves as prisoners of war, a
success which was the turning point of the whole campaign.
On the 7th March the Boer army was dispersed at Poplar's
Grove, on the 10th it was driven away from Driefontein, and
after covering 40 miles in semi-tropical weather on the llth
and 12th, the Norfolks marched into Bloemfontein on the
following day.
During the halt of the army at Bloemfontein some sharp work
fell to the regiment in the action at Karee Siding on the 28th
March, where a strong force of the Boers was successfully
dislodged from a formidable position.
On May 3rd the army started upon its 220 mile march to
Pretoria, and the regiment was again actively engaged on the
5th at the Vet Eiver, where the enemy had made great prepara-
tions for resistance, but hastily withdrew after some hours'
fighting, and our men crossed the river unopposed on the
93
r JT"
following day. Again, on the 10th, the Zand River gave the
Boers another fine position of defence, but our men were not to
be deterred, and the Boers fled before the steady advance of
the British infantry wherever they attempted to make a stand,
with the result that on the 31st May Johannesburg was occu-
pied, and shortly afterwards Pretoria was reached. Here a
short engagement took place, but on 5th June Lord Roberts
witnessed the triumphant march past of his army from the
Government Square in Pretoria.
From the date of the occupation of Pretoria the campaign
degenerated into a guerilla warfare, necessitating the formation
of nearly as many columns as there were Boer commandos.
Although no striking victories were to be won, much hardship
and danger fell to the lot of the men of the regiment, in
common with the rest of the army, in the marching and counter-
marching which took place amidst incessant skirmishing and
sniping, to say nothing of the tedious, but important block
house and garrison duty which had its own special dangers.
As an example of the latter may be instanced the defence of
Zuurfontein, where 120 men of the Norfolks and a small body
of the Lincolns held a station on the line of railway between
Johannesburg and Pretoria. Here, well within the British
lines, the little garrison might well have been tempted to relax
its vigilance, but the enemy did not catch them napping on
the 12th January, 1901, when a strong Boer commando was
successfully beaten off, after six hours determined fighting.
The South 'African War, amongst other lessons, has demon-
strated to the country the great value of the militia and volun-
teers, and the Norfolk representatives of these forces proved
their right to share the honours of their county regiment by the
readiness with which they volunteered for act ve service, and
the courage and endurance they displayed as they marched and
fought with their regular comrades in South Africa.
The total casualties of the regiment during the campaign
amounted to 4 officers and 66 men killed in action or died of
wounds, disease, &c. ; and 5 officers and 39 men wounded.
The following soldiers of the regiment have been awarded
the medal for Distinguished Conduct on the Field of Battle :
Crimean Campaign, 1854-1855.
Sergeant J. McKenzie; Corporals J. Begg, W. Burton, J.
Pearce, J. S. Wallis ; Privates H. Attfield, T. Brownrigg, T.
Chapman/'W. Cooke, P. Dunn, J. Earnshaw, J. Hore, J. Potter,
W. Ryan,^and E. Welmer.
94
Burmese Campaign.
Private J. Harwood. For meritorious service during the
attack on the village of Tartan on the 4th May, 1889, in Upper
Burmah.
Private C. Crampion. At the same time as Private Harwood,
in the same action. Awarded a clasp to the medal for attending
a wounded comrade under fire at Karee Siding, South Africa.
He was wounded whilst doing so.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Quartermaster-Sergeant J Richards on 1^ consistent
Company Sergeant-Ma] or J. Green > ga llantrv
Sergeant-Major A. L. Pepper. J
Corporal R. Chilvers. Went out several times to keep down
" sniping " at Paardeberg, and took meals to a detached post
under fire.
Private J. Adams. Wounded whilst attending a wounded
comrade under fire at Karee Siding.
Private W. J. Callaby. For actions at Paardeberg and
Helvetia, near Senekal, assisting wounded comrades.
Private T. Green. At Botha ville took ammunition up to the
firing line under fire. Also at Kalabas Bridge rode through a
large party of Boers to bring reinforcements.
Private R. Race. At Zuurfontein, whilst on sentry, he gave
the alarm that the Boers were approaching the small post, by
firing, and continued to do so until the camp was under arms.
Musician W. Jones. For gallant conduct as a stretcher
bearer at Karree Siding, and throughout the Campaign.
Serjeant-Major A. Turnell 1 For consistent good
Quartermaster-Sergeant J. Quantrell > , or
_ ~ _.. Bci vice.
Sergeant C. Vincent J
Sergeant A. J. Clarke. For gallantry at Sanna's Post.
Lance-Corporal Fletcher. At Paardeberg, helped in recon-
noitring the ground for the position of the trenches, which were
pushed forward nightly towards Cronje's laager.
Private C. Howes. At Paardeburg, went forward with
stretchers to bring in wounded men under fire, and for general
good work and keenness.
Private A. Nichols. At Knapdaar, on 25th December, 1901,
rescued a wounded comrade under fire.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
Lincolnshire Regiment
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed "EGYPT," " BLENHKIM," " RAMILLIES," " OUDENABDE,"
" MALPLAQUET," " PEMNSULA," " SOBRAON, " " PUNJAUB," " MOOLTAN,"
" GOOJERAT," " LUCKNOW," " ATBARA," ''KHARTOUM,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-2," " PAARDKBERG."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters LINCOLN,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Royal North Lincoln Militia) . .
4th Battalion (Royal South Lincoln Militia) . .
1. 1st
3rd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Lincoln. \ 2. 2nd . .
Grimsby.
Lincoln.
Grantham.
Grant ham.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
W YMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVKR AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIM.
97
THE LINCOLNSHIRE REGIMENT.
'HE Lincolnshire Regiment was formed in the reign of King
ames II, although part of it had previously existed as an
idependent Company formed for the purpose of garrisoning
le town of Plymouth. On its first formation as a regiment of
>ot the men were armed, in accordance with the custom of
le time, part with muskets and part with pikes, the latter,
owever, were finally laid aside some 20 years after, when the
irnpaigns of Marlborough had fully proved the superiority
E firearms. The men were clothed in blue coats, red waistcoats,
reeches, and stockings, with broad brimmed hats turned up
n one side and ornamented with ribbons. It is a matter
f interest that it was the only infantry regiment clothed
i blue coats and red waistcoats and breeches. The first war
jrvice of the regiment was in 1692 during the war which
William III was then waging in the Netherlands against the
mbitious designs of Louis XIV of France. The confidence
f King William in the regiment, we are told, was shown by
B being ordered to pitch its tents near his Majesty's quarters,
nd that this confidence was justified was amply proved by the
allant conduct of the regiment at the battle of Steinkirk.
'he regiment arrived on the battlefield at a moment when an
verpowering mass of the French had seriously disordered and
rere about to destroy a regiment of Germans, then allied
the British, when the gallant advance of the Lincolnshire
Jove back the French in the nick of time, the wounded colonel
1 the Germans being rescued by the courage of two sergeants
>f the regiment. In the subsequent operations of this campaign
he regiment maintained its reputation, and was, we read, on one
98
occasion specially rewarded by the Duke of Wurtemberg for
its gallantry by the gift of a ducat to each man.
In 1702. at Ninieguen, the regiment formed part of the rear-
guard of the army and distinguished itself by the signal
gallantry with which the enemy was held in check until the
retreat of the army was safely effected. At the siege of Liege
in the same year the grenadiers of the regiment behaved with
great gallantry, but it was not until the British army had a
British leader that it fairly had a chance to show its mettle.
The glorious campaigns of Marlborough, however, left no doubt
as to the ability of the British soldier to successfully assert
his native valour against the best efforts of the best troops in
the world. In the victories and conquests which crowned the
British arms, the Lincolnshire bore a distinguished part. At
Blenheim, in 1704, under Colonel Lord North and Gray, with
one other regiment, it led the attack on the village of Blenheim
where 12 squadrons of cavalry and 24 battalions of infantry
were entrenched, the whole of which force had subsequently to
surrender to the British as prisoners of war, and the Lincoln-
shire was selected as part of the force to guard this mass of
prisoners on their march to Holland. The battle of Eamillies
followed in 1706, when the French were again defeated and
an immense number of prisoners, cannon, and colours were
captured. In this battle the regiment was kept in reserve
until the crisis arrived, when it was launched at the enemy and
materially contributed to the decisive result. The colonel of
the regiment was promoted after the battle to the rank of
brigadier-general. At " Oudenarde " the regiment was again
hotly engaged, and nothing but the approach of night saved
the wreck of the French army from utter destruction.
In 1709, followed the sanguinary battle of Malplaquet, where
the French had to be driven from the defensive works they had
formed for their protection. The determined resolution,
however, of the Lincolnshire and other British regiments forced
the enemy, after a dreadful and prolonged struggle, to seek
refuge in flight, leaving many prisoners and trophies of victory
in the hands of the British. We are told that when the victors
99
ized at the formidable entrenchments they had won, they
ere astonished at their own success. In addition to these
>ur great battles, which are commemorated on the colours of
le regiment, it took part in the numerous sieges of the cam-
aigns, a work which called for much patient endurance as
-e\] as determined valour on the part of the British, including,
; it often did, much hard and dangerous service in the sub-
irranean galleries and mines with which the towns and
>rtresses were often defended. After the conclusion of Marl-
arough's campaigns, the regiment rested on its well-earned
,urels until the War of Independence in America, in 1775,
hen its services were called upon, and given in the same
illant spirit which had distinguished it before.
In 1801, it had proceeded to India, and was summoned
icnce 1:o Egypt to aid the gallant Abercromby in his contest
ith Napoleon's army. The summons was obeyed with cheer-
J alacrity. The regiment landed in Egypt, and marched
ith its comrades across the desert, in order that no time might
3 lost in reaching the scene of action. Before their arrival,
awever, the French had been completely defeated, but the
ifferings and privations of the regiment on their terrible
.arch had fully earned for them the " Sphinx," and " Egypt,"
hich now adorn their colours. In 1809, they were employed
. Sicily, and during the Peninsular War they formed part of
i Anglo- Sicilian army which was formed to divert the enemy's
itention while the all-conquering Wellington was driving
te French over the Pyrenees into France. For this service
le word " Peninsula " was inscribed on the colours of the
giment.
The next five distinctions on the colours were all gained in
idia. " Sobraon " was earned on the 10th February, 1846. At
lis battle the regiment was one of the two which were ordered to
sad the attack to turn the enemy's right before his ranks were
linned, or his spirit broken ; in fact, " to take off the rough
ige of the Sikhs in the fight," as the Commander-in-Chief,
ir Hugh Gough, tersely puts it. They had to attack for-
lidable entrenchments manned by some 30,000 Sikhs and
100
defended by a large number of guns. In his despatch after
the battle Sir Hugh Gough describes the regiment as having
advanced to the attack with the precision of a field day, and
without firing a shot until within the works of the enemy. Such
cool and steady courage had its effect in the total dispersion
of the enemy and the capture of his guns. The Brigadier,
under whom the regiment served, said : " The glorious conduct
of the regiment at Sobraon is beyond any praise I could give,
it was the corner stone of the victory."* Two years later the
regiment was at the capture of Mooltan, and in 1849, took
a distinguished part in the battle of Goojerat, which added
the Punjab to our Indian Empire. Then came 1857, when the
regiment did sterling service during the mutiny. They assisted
to save Benares and Dinapore from the sepoys, and were in
the force that brought the final rescue to the heroic defenders
of Lucknow. Besides these services, the regiment took part
in the subsequent operations against the scattered bodies
of the mutineers. With the exception of some minor operations
in Perak, in 1874-76, the regiment was not again required for
active service until 1898.
In this year it was the good fortune of the regiment to take
part in the campaign which destroyed the savage rule of the
Mahdists in the Soudan.
The Lincolns were at the battle at the Atbara River where
the zareba of Mahmoud, the chief fighting emir of the Khalifa,
was attacked and taken, Mahmoud himself being captured,
and thousands of the Dervishes slain, and a few months later
they took part in the battle of Omdurman and capture of
Khartoum. At this battle some 60,000 fanatics fought under
the eye of their Khalifa, but the withering fire which met their
fierce charges, foiled all their efforts, and the Khalifa, with the
remnant of his defeated host, eventually fled into the desert.
Once again civilisation was re-established in Khartoum and
a, solemn religious service on the spot where the heroic Gordon
fell, marked the triumph of the principles for which he died.
* See " Story of the Battle of Sobraon " on last pagea.
101
On the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899 the Lincolnshire
Regiment was sent to South Africa, and became part of the
Hth Brigade under General Chermside. With the rest of the
army it started from Enslin on the 10th February, on the
long march which ended at Pretoria, the Lincolns actually
happening to be the first infantry battalion to set foot in the
snemy's country on this occasion. The march was, however
interrupted on the 15th, as the battalion was despatched to
bhe assistance of the convoy which the Boers had attacked
at Waterval Drift. This left it a long way behind the rest
of the army, but the battalion was in no mood to be left out
of the fighting expected when Cronje had been cornered, so
straining every nerve, they marched 35 miles in 20 hours and
arrived at Paardeberg on the 19th June, a very creditable
performance on half rations.
On the 21st they helped to drive off the Boers who had come
bo the rescue of Cronje, and on the 27th February they had
bhe pleasure of witnessing the surrender of General Cronje and
tiis 4,000 Boers.
Again advancing, the army came on the 7th March to Poplar
Grove, where the Boers had strongly entrenched themselves,
and the Lincolns were ordered to demonstrate in front of the
position while other troops turned the flanks. The Boers,
after shelling the troops in front of them, became aware of the
turning movement that was taking place, and fearing to be
surrounded they hastily deserted their well-made trenches and
galloped off, leaving their food and stores behind them in their
hurry.
The Lincolnshire Kegiment reached Bloemfontein on the
22nd March, after long and hard marches, often in heavy rain,
and with scanty supplies, and then on the 29th moved out to
attack the Boer position at Karee Siding where the enemy was
posted on a line of hills to bar the further advance to Pretoria.
The action lasted about four hours when the Boers retreated,
and the Lincolns bivouacked in the enemy's position. The
regiment was chiefly engaged in outpost duty during the halt at
Bloemfontein, but moved out on 3rd May on the road to Pretoria.
102
They came almost immediately in contact with the enemy
at Brandfort and drove them back, resuming the march the
following day.
On the 10th the passage of the Zand River was forced after
some hours fighting, and the Lincolns had some hard work as
baggage guard in getting over the drift.
Marching splendidly, amid much hardship and discomfort,
Johannesburg was reached on the 31st, and after a spirited
little engagement on the 4th June, Pretoria was entered on
the next day.
Nothing was more admirable than the magnificent work
so cheerfully put in by the Lincolns and their infantry comrades
on this memorable march to Pretoria. Carrying a weight of
40 Ibs., they marched all day in rain, or intense heat, and
bivouacked in the bitter cold nights with scanty rations, feeling
lucky when they were not required for a night's outpost duty.
On llth July, 1900, five weak companies of the Lincolnshires,
a squadron of the Scots Greys, and two Horse Artillery guns
were fiercely attacked by 1,500 Boers with four guns under
Delarey at Uitvals Nek. The fight commenced at dawn and
was gallantly contested until three in the afternoon when,
having exhausted their ammunition, the survivors were
forced to surrender. The Lincolns had 5 officers, 48 N.C.O.
and men killed or wounded in this action. A gracious
message of sympathy from Queen Victoria did much to
alleviate the mortification of this mishap.
Space will not permit a detailed account of the many
subsequent operations in which the battalion was engaged
during the long drawn-out guerilla warfare that ensued
before the Boers relinquished the contest. The losses of the
regiment during the campaign bear ample testimony to its
services.
These amounted to 1 officer, 93 N.C.O. and men killed
in action or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 9 officers and
68 N.C.O. and men wounded.
Excellent service was also rendered during the campaign by
the Militia and volunteers of the regiment. The 3rd Battalion
103
reached Cape Town on the 10th April, 1902, and did duty in
the blockhouse lines in the closing months of the war, while
the 4th Battalion furnished many officers and men to the line
battalion.
The three volunteer battalions also sent to the line battalion
several very useful detachments, which marched and fought with
their regular comrades with a spirit and endurance reflecting the
greatest credit on the battalions they represented.
The following soldiers of the Lincolnshire Begiment have
won special distinctions for acts of courage on the field of
battle :
The Victoria Cross,
During the Indian Mutiny. Lieutenant H. M. Havelock ;
Privates J. Kirk, D. Dempsey.
The Hedal for Distinguished Conduct.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Sergeant-Major W. Church ;
Sergeants G. Stevens, J. Wogan.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Maj or E.
Stokes; Colour-Sergeants C. Breathwick, J. Wade, E. T.
Connellan, F. Shepperd ; Sergeants A. C. Croydon, G. E.
Jackson, T. Rawdin ; Lance-Sergeant H. Withington ; Cor-
poral J. Shaw ; Lance-Corporal P. Hedworth ; Privates
J. Cole, A. Cooper, T. Doughty ; Drummer W. Blythe.
GOD SAVE THE KING
104
STOEY OF THE BATTLE OF SOBRAON.
The following story 'is related by Mr. F. A. Vincent, an
Indian civilian, who knew the 10th Regiment during the
Mutiny, and is a voluntary appreciation o: the fine bearing of
the 10th Regiment at the battle of Sobraon :
"It was at the height of the Indian Mutiny, when Sir
James Outram was on his way up country travelling by
steamer to relieve Lucknow, and inspecting all the stations
on the river Ganges from Calcutta to Allahabad, such as
Bhangulpore, Monyghyr, Barh, Patna, and Dinapore, that I
happened to be walking with Hookum Singh, a Sikh subadar,
and a very gallant officer who had lately distinguished himself
we were in camp at the time, European and Native soldiers
all round us, when I asked Hookum Singh what he thought of
the state of affairs would we hold India and crush the
mutiny and rebellion, or were the odds of 100 to 1 of fighting
men against us, more than we could subdue ? He hesitated a
little before answering, and than began, ' Sir you know
that I myself am loyal and a well-wisher to the Government,
but I fear the worst, and my reason for thinking so is that
you have exhausted all your fighting men and aie now
oblged to enlist mechanics in your ranks. Why it was only
last week that I was ordered down to Calcutta to receive
these playthings (pointing to the medals he was decorated
with), and I was taken on board one of the troopships which
had just arrived there. I saw some newly-arrived recruits,
such poor, puny creatures, tailors and shoemakers, some
mending their shoes and others their breeches; then it was
that I gave up all hope for the Sircar (Government).
" ' For when it came to hand-fighting I knew how poorly
tailors and shoemakers will fight.'
" I tried to explain to him how in England there was no
especial fighting caste, and that the whole nation were
fighters, but I soon saw he could not take it in, and he
105
added, ' The recruits, too, weie poor, weak boys, whom I
could fling on my shoulder with one hand.' All I could B.*y
to this was ' wait till these boys have been well fed and drilled
for six months, and you will see a great change in their
appearance.' Whilst we were talking, a big, buily, red-haired
soldier approached us, whom I could tell at a glance was an
Irishman. ' Could you throw that Irishman over your
shoulder, Hookum Singh ? ' ' What number is on his cap,
sir ? please tell me quickly,' was his answer. ' The 10th,' I
replied. Then, to my astonishment, the brave old subadar
literally grovelled before the soldier, who seemed much sur-
prised, but passed on with some laughing remark. What
does this mean, Hookum Singh? I could not help saying,
as I saw there was a tale attached. He then told the follow-
ing story. I wish I could tell it in his own simple words, full
of earnest feeling. It is many years since I heard it, but I
can give the pith of it, as it made a great impression on
me :
" ' I began life as a gunner in the Sikh Army, and was in
charge of a gun, when the Sikhs determined to fight the
English for the possession of India. We had a large and
powerful army, and we knew that we were, man for man, far
superior to the native soldiers of the Indian Army, whereas
the English soldiers were few and unable to stand work in a
hot sun. We soon found out our mistake. I was with the
battery I was attached to, holding a strong entrenched position
at Sobraon. It was on the afternoon of a very hot day that
we were told that a British regiment was advancing to the
attack, and we soon saw them marching steadily towards us.
We were preparing to open fire when they got within range,
but our Sirdar ordered us not to do so till he gave the word.
Nearer and nearer they came as .- teadily as if they were on
their own parade ground, in perfect silence. A creeping feeling
came over me, this silence seemed so unnatural. We Sikhs
are, as you know, brave, but when we attack we begin fiVng
our muskets and shouting our famous war cry, but these men,
saying never a word, advanced in perfect silence. They
H 2
10G
appeared to me as demons, evil spirits, bent on our destruc-
tion, and I could hardly refrain from firing. At last the order
came ' Fire,' and our whole battery, as if from one gun, fired
into the advancing mass. The smoke was so great that for a
few minutes I could not see the effect of our fire, but fully
expected that we had destroyed the demons, so what was my
astonishment, when the smolce cleared away, to see them
advancing steadily still in 'perfect silence, but their numbers
reduced to about one half. Loading my cannon quickly, I
fired again and again into them, making a gap or a lane in
their ranks each time, but on they came in that awful silence
till they were within a short distance of our guns, when their
Colonel ordered them to halt and take breath, which they did
under a heavy fire.
" ' Then with a shout such as only angry demons could
send forth, and which is still ringing in my ears, they made a
rush for our guns, led by their Colonel. In ten minutes it
was all over; they leapt into the deep ditch, or moat, in our
front, soon filling it, and then, swarming up the opposite side
on the shoulders of their comrades, dashed for the guns,
which were still defended by a strong body of our infantry,
who fought bravely. But who could withstand such fierce
demons, with those awful bayonets which they preferred to
their guns for not a shot did they fire the whole time and
then, with a ringing cheer, which was heard for miles, they
announced their victory.
" ' That's why I honour the Tenth, as Gods or Demons, but
not men.'
" And you, Hookum Singh, what became of you ? ' By
God's mercy I am alive, and my name is Hookum Singh.' 5:
The Devonshire Regiment,
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Castle of Exeter. " Semper Udells"
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" DETTINGEN," " SALAMANCA," " PYRENEES," " NIVELLE," " NIVE," " ORTHES,"
" TOULOUSE," " PENINSULA," " AFGHANISTAN, 1879-80," " TIRAH,"
" SOUYH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "DEFENCE OF LADYSMITH,"
" RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters EXETEE,
MILITIA.
rd Battalion (2nd Devon Militia) .
tth Battalion (1st Devon Militia) . .
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
.. 1st ..
!. 2nd ..
5. 5th
Exeter.
Plymouth.
3. 3rd..
4. 4th..
Newton Abbott.
.. Plymouth.
. . jExeler.
Exeter.
Barnstaple.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJKSTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO II is MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, B.C., or
OLIVER AND BO YD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRATTON STEEBT, DDBUH.
109
THE DEVONSHIRE REGIMENT.
THE Devonshire Regiment was raised in the year 1685, and
saw its first war service in Ireland, during the struggle which
James II made for the throne. Under the personal command
of King William III, the regiment fought with credit at the
battle of the Boyne, and in the other sieges and engagements
which followed, until the authority of King William was firmly
established. In 1703, it proceeded abroad, and under the
famous Duke of Marlborough was engaged in the capture of
various fortresses and towns held by the French. The regi-
ment returned to Scotland in 1715, and fought at the battle
of Dunblane which practically ended the rebellion of that year.
In 1719, at Glenshiel, it defeated and captured a body of 400
Spaniards who had invaded Scotland on behalf of the ex-king
James. The word " Dettingen " on the colours of the regi-
ment records a victory, memorable as being the last battle in
which a British monarch was personally engaged, and on which
occasion the British army under the command of King George
II defeated a French force much superior to it in numbers.
At Roucoux in 1746 the regiment was ordered, with one other
British regiment to hold a hollow way and defend it to the last
extremity. The French attacked them again and again, but
although six to one, failed to force the British troops from
their position, and it was triumphantly held till the
necessity had passed away, and then the troops marched out,
their thinned ranks bearing eloquent testimony to the noble
way in which they had carried out their orders. The regiment
was next campaigning in Germany, where in 1760 and the two
110
following years, it fought under the Prince of Brunswick, making
many marches and countermarches in the manoeuvres of which
the campaigns chiefly consisted. In 1793, it was engaged in
the Toulon expedition, and in the fighting around this place
the Devonshire men had many opportunities of distinguishing
themselves, which they did not fail to use. It was at this
place that Napoleon, then a Lieutenant of Artillery, first
fought against the British troops, and had the fact impressed
upon his memory by receiving a bayonet wound in one of
the encounters which the regiment had with the French.
For the next few years, it was engaged upon minor expedi-
tions, chiefly resulting in the capture of various islands,
among them being Corsica, Madeira, and several West Indian
islands. In 1809, the regiment, then numbered as the llth
Regiment, captured the drums, &c., of the llth French Regi-
ment at Flushing. It subsequently embarked for the Spanish
Peninsula to form part of the force which, under the great
Duke of "Wellington, was to sweep the invading French armies
out of Spain and Portugal. At " Salamanca," the Devonshire
men gained great distinction. Their regiment with the 61st
advanced at a critical moment, when the fate of the battle
was trembling in the balance, and, fighting desperately against
artillery, cavalry and infantry, forced the French to give way
and the battle was won. The fierce character of the struggle
may be gathered from the fact that only 4 officers and 67 men
of the regiment could be mustered at the close of the action,
to hear, however, words of praise seldom addressed to an
individual regiment. Severe indeed as were the losses of the
regiment in this action they were slight as compared with
those of their opponents. A force of 2,200 Frenchmen which
was in action immediately opposed to the Devonshire Regi-
ment could only number 200 on the following day. " Sala-
manca " was inscribed on the colours of the regiment to
commemorate this glorious victory, to be followed by the
Ill
additional honours of " Pyrenees," " Nivelle," <; Xive,"
" Orthes," " Toulouse," " Peninsula," in all of which victories
the regiment took a gallant part.
One exploit of the regiment towards the close of the war
deserved special mention. On the night of the 16th January,
1814, the British army was lying in front of Bayonne, one of
the advanced picquets being composed of 2 officers and 40
men of the Devonshire Regiment. In the front of this picquet
was a barrack in which was stationed a French out-post, the
men of which had piled their arms outside, trusting to the
watchfulness of the sentries they had posted. The Captain of
the Devonshire resolved to attempt to surprise them, and
accordingly sent forward a small party, who cautiously ap-
proached the French sentries and effectually quieted them,
when the remainder of the picquet dashed forward and secured
the arms of the French. After a short resistance the French
surrendered, and upwards of 200 prisoners were triumphantly
marched into the British lines by the 40 Devonshire men.
At the battle of Toulouse, as at Salamanca, the Devonshire
Regiment was called upon at a critical moment of the fight
when things were looking black for the British, and again the
regiment responded nobly. With the two other corps of their
brigade they charged with a terrible shout, and after a short
bat desperate strife the French turned and fled, and the victory
was secured. This was the second time during the war that
the regiment had the distinguished honour of sharing the
supreme effort which turned the tide of victory, when every-
thing was in confusion in the other parts of the field.
In 1851, although not engaged on active service against an
enemy, the men of the Devonshire Regiment proved their
devotion to duty so remarkably that the incident cannot be
passed without mention. The regiment was serving in Aus-
tralia, when the immense gold discoveries there set all men
ablaze with the desire for sold. All classes abandoned their
occupation, sailors left their ships, and the towns were deserted
in the general stampede. To assert the authority of the Crown
at the diggings it was found necessary to send a detachment
of troops, but all prophesied that the temptations of their
surroundings would be too great for the men, and that the
facilities for desertion would speedily cause the detachment to
vanish. The Devonshire Regiment furnished the detachment
sent, soon re-established order, and marched back without the
loss of a single man. A devotion to duty worthy of all honour,
when it is considered that even as a common labourer a man
could have earned as much in a few hours as a soldier would
receive for a whole month's pay never did men more
thoroughly act up to the regimental motto, " Semper Fidelis."
The next war service of the Devonshire was in Afghanistan,
where, in 1878-9, the regiment was called upon to take part in
the expedition which punished this treacherous people, and
taught them that their rocky mountains could not shelter them
from the consequences of their treachery to the British Govern-
ment. Although in actual fight the regiment suffered little,
the hardships and privations it so well sustained were
rewarded with the distinction of " Afghanistan " on its
colours.
In 1890-91 and 1891-92, the regiment was in Burma, where
it was engaged in the harassing duty of dispersing and captur-
iLg the numerous bands of Dacoits who over-ran the country
on the disbandment of the Burmese army, and the gallant and
soldierly behaviour of all ranks on this duty drew many com-
plimentary orders, and for which a medal with clasp was
awarded.
In 1895, on the outbreak of hostilities on the North- West
Frontier of India, a detachment of the regiment proceeded with
the force. The detachment was of great service, but unfor-
tunately lost its commander, who was killed in action. A
medal and clasp was granted for tne services of the detachment
113
in this campaign. The same year the regiment furnished a
detachment to proceed with the expedition to the West Coast
of Africa. To commemorate these services Queen Victoria
presented a bronze star.
In 1897, the regiment formed a part of the celebrated Tirah
Field Force, which was engaged in one of the most arduous
campaigns ever undertaken by Indian troops against the warlike
tribes of the North- West Frontier of India. The following
extracts from the orders of the General Officer Commanding,
speaks for itself :
" In losing the Devonshire Regiment from the 1st Division
the Major- General Commanding desires to record his great
appreciation of the good service throughout the campaign of
this particularly efficient battalion. It has been a great
pleasure to Major- General Symons to have this extremely well
behaved and good fighting West Country regiment in his
command."
Both battalions were engaged in the Boer war and emerged
from the war with a reputation for gallantry second to
none.
The 1st Battalion had been summoned to Natal from India,
when the military preparations of the Boers had made it practi-
cally certain that they meant to fight, and when war was actu-
ally declared the Devons were stationed at Ladysmith.
They first came in contact with the enemy at the battle of
Elandslaagte on the 21st October, 1899.
The Boers had taken up a position on a ridge which rose
some 800 feet above the plain, and our troops had to climb this
height in the face of a very heavy fire. The cool and steady
advance of the Devonshire Regimsnt was much admired, and
the gallantry of the troops was rewarded by the complete defeat
of the Boerj, who lost 450 in killed, wounded and prisoners,
including their general.
On the 24th October, the De-vons were again in action at
114
Rietfontcin to prevent the Boers from interfering with the
march of General Yule's force from Dundee to Ladysmith,
and on the 30th they took part in the battle of Ladysmith.
The overwhelming forces of the Boers closing in on every
side made it clear after this battle that the British force would
have to stand on the defensive, and the Devons and their
comrades accordingly prepared themselves to hold out at
Ladysmith until relief arrived.
Here for 1 18 days they resisted every effort of the immensely
superior Boer force, suffering much from the scarcity of supplies
and the harassing and often deadly shell fire. On one day the
Devons had 9 officers killed and wounded by one shell
alone,
On the 6th January, the Boers made a determined attack on
the defences of Ladysmith, and for hours desperate, and
often hand-to-hand, fighting ensued, until the advance of the
Devons, who had been held in reserve, drove the Boers with
great loss from Waggon Hill. Lieutenant Masterson won the
Victoria Cross on this occasion. The Boers did not again
venture on an attack after this, but restricted themselves to
the daily bombardment.
Meanwhile the 2nd Battalion had arrived in Natal, and with
the gallant army under Sir Redvers Buller had been making
heroic efforts to get through to the relief of their beleaguered
comrades in Ladysmith.
The formidable heights of the Tugela, however, opposed
every obstacle which nature and a determined enemy could
provide.
The first serious engagement in which the 2nd Battalion
participated was the battle of Colenso on the 15th December,
1899. Here it formed part of General Hildyard's Brigade,
which was directed to attack Colenso and the bridge across the
Tugela. It made an admirable advance under an exceptionally
heavy fire, and successfully established itself in Colenso, when
115
the unfortunate mishap to the artillery, which should have
supported it, made its efforts fruitless, and it was ordered to
retire.
Two companies of the Devons under Colonel Bullock went to
the assistance of the guns, but the tempest of fire destroyed
all the gun teams, and eventually the survivors of these
companies shared the fate of the guns.
Undaunted by this reverse, the Devons took part in the Spion
Kop and Vaalkranz operations, and subsequently had the
satisfaction of taking a leading part in the capture of the hill
of Monte Christo on the 18th February, which was the first
step in the final operations which opened the way to Ladysmith,
as it forced the Boers to abandon their position at Colenso.
On the 27th, the battle of Pieter's Hill was fought, and the
Boers with a loss of some 500 men fled northward, and the
relief of Ladysmith was practically accomplished.
On the 3rd March the relieving force marched through the
shell-swept streets of Ladysmith between the lines of the
emaciated garrison, and it is difficult to imagine which of the
two battalions of the regiment was the more pleased.
Space does not allow of a detailed description of the arduous
work which still remained for the Devons before the campaign
ended. They took part in the masterly movements by which
Sir Redvers Buller forced the Boers to evacuate their formidable
position at Laing's Nek, and in the operations in the difficult
country around Belfast, distinguishing themselves a short time
after at the capture of the Mauchberg, a formidable ridge near
Lydenberg. This was carried by a gallant rush of the Devons,
Royal Irish and Royal Scots, and the Boers fled under the shelter
of a thick mist.
Much hard service of various natures followed the dispersal
of the main Boer armies, and many marches, skirmishes, and
fights fell to the lot of the Devons before the war ended. One
of these must have been particularly gratifying to Colonel
116
Bullock of the Devons, who had been captured early in the war
at Colenso.
The British prisoners had been released by the advance of
their comrades, and under the command of Colonel Bullock,
300 of them had been hastily armed with such weapons as were
available and told off to garrison Honing Spruit station.
Almost immediately they were furiously attacked, on the 21st
June, by De Wet with 700 Boer riflemeii and three guns, and
for seven hours they made a gallant and successful defence
against these overwhelming odds, and eventually the Boers
fled on the arrival of reinforcements.
The total losses of the regiment during the campaign amounted
to 6 officers, 194 N.C.O. and men killed in action, or died of
wounds, disease, &c. ; and 19 officers, 295 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
The militia of the regiment contributed a fine body of reservists
to the line battalions during the war, and the volunteers were
equally well represented by the service company which went
out.
The following soldiers of the Devonshire Regiment have won
special distinctions for acts of courage on the battlefield :
The Victoria Cross.
Lieutenant J. E. J. Masterson. Waggon Hill, South African
Campaign, 1899-1902.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major H.
Connett ; Quarter-master-Sergeant A. E. Adams ; Colour-
Sergeants J. Horswell, J. Burnell, A. Grubb, J. Hortop, J.
Palmer, J. Payne, M. Smerdon, G. Trivett, W. Webb ; Sergeants
F. J. Aplin, W. Pitt, G. Boyd, S. Downing, W. Holland, W. G.
117
[udson, T. W. Perkins, C. Smith, W. J. Wade ; Lance-Sergeants
,. Williams, F. J. Kowe, A. E. Young ; Corporals W. Poulter,
!. 0. Paltridge ; Lance-Corporals M. J. Macdonald, G. Eobins,
I. A. Stebbing ; Privates G. Davey, E. G. Hansford, T. Boulton
ad W. Davis.
Ashanti Campaign, 1901. Sergeant F. Foster.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
'ME SUFFOLK REGIMENT.
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Castle and Key, superscribed "Gibraltar," and with the motto,
" Montis Insignia Calpe," underneath.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
ETTINGEN," " MlNDEN," " SERINGAPATAM," "INDIA," " SotTTH AFRICA, 1851-2-3,
"NEW ZEALAND," "AFGHANISTAN, 1878-80,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902."
UN IFORM SO ARLET.
AGINGS YELLOYT.
3pot Headquarters-BURY ST, EDMUNDS,
MILITIA :
Battalion (West Suffolk Militia)
Battalion (Cambridge Militia) . .
Bury St. Edmunds.
Ely.
1st
2nd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Ipswich .
Bury Sf. Edmunds.
3. 3rd . - Cambridge.
4. 4th . . Camb. Univ. Y.E. Corps,
Cambridge.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJFSTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAK1USON 1 AXD SONS, ST MARTIN'S LAN T E,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or thr< tigh any Bookseller, from
WTMAX AN'I) SON'S. LTD.. FETTBH LANE, E.G., or
OUVKll AND BOYD, EDISJORGH ; or
E. ro.NSONBY, llu, G.IAFTON SHEET, DUBLIN.
121
THE SUFFOLK REGIMENT.
THE Suffolk Regiment traces its origin to a company formed
during the reign of Charles II, in the year 1660, to garrison
Windsor Castle. This company was increased and ranked as a
regiment of the British Army in 1685, and the Duke of Norfolk
was appointed Colonel. Its first war service was in Ireland, at
Aughrim and Limerick, where it was engaged in asserting the
claims of William III against those of the deposed King James.
With their brave comrades the Suffolk men forced the passage
of the River Boyne in the face of King James's Irish-French
Army, and drove it in headlong rout from its position. In
1694 and 1695 the regiment was campaigning in Flanders, and
a few years later proceeded to the West Indies. Back again in
Flanders in 1708, it took part in the siege of Lisle during the
war rendered memorable by the genius of Marlborough. It
earned the first name on its colours at Dettingen, where, under
the eye of King George II, it fought among the splendid
British infantry, whose steady courage foiled the utmost efforts
of the French, and notwithstanding the superior numbers of
the enemy, turned an impending disaster into a British victory.
In 1759 the regiment was at the battle of Minden, where
six regiments of British infantry, with two battalions of
Hanoverians, first shattered the gay cavalry of France, and
then drove out of the field every body of troops, horse and
foot, which ventured to oppose them. The Commander-in-
J 2
122
Chief of the British and German Army was the Duke of
Brunswick, and years afterwards, in pointing out the scene of
the battle, he said, " It was here the British infantry gained
immortal glory." 43 guns, 17 standards and colours, and a
host of prisoners remained in the victors' hands at the close
of the fight. At Kirch Denkern, in 1761, and at Groebenstein,
in 1762, the regiment again maintained its reputation at the
expense of the French, but a few years later it was to gain
undying fame among the brave defenders of Gibraltar.
The capture of Gibraltar by the British, in 1704, had been
a grievous blow to the pride of Spain, and many fruitless
attempts had been made to wrest it from us. These attempts
culminated in the ever famous siege, which commenced in 1779
and continued till 1783, during which period a garrison of
between r,000 and 6,000 men had to brave the fiercest efforts
of the whole strength of France and Spain. Never did British
stubbornness stand men in greater stead, and the nation
watched the long progress of the siege at first with some
anxiety, but gradually with a growing pride in their gallant
soldiers, until it came at last to be felt a proud privilege to
be related to one of the brave garrison of Gibraltar. The
garrison for some time patiently bore the assaults of the enemy,
contenting themselves with holding their own until the night
of the 26th November, 1781, when two regiments, of which
one was the Suffolk, and the Grenadiers and Light Infantry
of the garrison, dashed forth on the Spanish batteries like
schoolboys from their school. Driving away the dazed and
sleepy Spaniards they set light to the numerous works that
had been raised, and before morning the Spaniards gazed on
the ashes of works which had cost them 2,000,000 to erect.
In 1782, the French and Spaniards put forth their greatest
effort. Huge floating batteries had been prepared, and on the
13th September, 1782, the surrounding hills were crowded with
distinguished spectators, who came to witness the certain defeat
123
of this stubborn garrison. But all in vain. The thunder of
no less than 400 guns shook the air, but not the undaunted
courage of the British. For every shot received, one was sent
back, and at last the vaunted floating batteries were a mass of
flames and shrieking humanity, and Europe stood in unwilling
admiration of British valour and skill. Their supreme effort
foiled and their power exhausted, the French and Spaniards
raised the siege in February, 1783, leaving it an immortal
testimony to the valour of the British troops.
In 1798, the Suffolk Regiment was in India and was called
upon to defend our possessions against the fierce Tippoo Saib,
Sultan of Mysore. After defeating his army in the field at
Malleville, they pursued him to Seringapatam, which he had
strongly fortified to protect the spoils of his robber's career.
Although it was defended with the desperation of despair
the fortress fell before the assaults of the British, and fighting
to the last, the Sultan fell before a volley of the Suffolk Regi-
ment, and his territory was added to the British possessions
in India.
Again, in 1808, the regiment was called upon to teach the
Rajah of Travancore the strength of the British power.
Supported only by a force of Sepoys the regiment had to fight
an army of 30,000 men, but to the gallant Suffolk men who
had the cruel murder of some of their comrades to avenge,
no odds were too many, and, scattering the Travancore army,
they penetrated the jungles and forests of the country and forced
the Rajah to submit. For this gallant service and for their
subsequent behaviour in the capture of the Islands of Bourbon
and the Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, the regiment was
allowed to inscribe " India " on its colours.
The next inscription on the colours was earned in South
Africa in 1851-3, where the Suffolks took the field against the
Kaffirs who were threatening the growing colony a task they
had shortly afterwards to repeat in New Zealand z where the
124
Maories were in arms against the European settlers. f.n both
instances their work was satisfactorily performed, and the
colours r3ceived additional distinctions.
In 1878-80 the regiment was in Afghanistan to avenge our
slaughtered envoy, and took a distinguished part in the cam-
paigns which removed the treacherous Ameer, and substituted
on his throne a ruler more sensible of the power of the nation
which owned such troops.
The Suffolks were next called upon to take part in the
Hazara or Black Mountain Expedition of 1888, for the purpose
of restoring order among the fierce tribesmen, a duty which
was satisfactorily accomplished, and in 1899, on the outbreak of
the Boer War, the regiment proceeded to South Africa, where
it was placed at the disposal of General French, who had
the difficult task of stemming the Boer invasion of Cape Colony.
On the 6th January, 1900, the regiment was ordered to make
a night attack on a Boer position on the heights near Colesberg,
and four companies, under the command of Colonel Watson,
accordingly set forth at midnight. Unfortunately, the Boers
had by some means discovered the project, and while climbing
up the rough hill-side the attacking party was suddenly met by
a perfect hail of bullets, the Colonel being one of the first to fall.
Notwithstanding many brave efforts on the part of officers and
men, the Suffolks had to retire, having lost no less than 11
officers and 150 men, killed, wounded or captured, in this
unfortunate, but gallant attempt.
Much hard work in trekking and fighting was performed by
the regiment in various parts of the Transvaal and Orange
River Colonies, but space will only permit of the mention of one
or two of the many occasions when the Suffolks were engaged.
The surprise of De Wet's camp at Bothaville on the 6th
November, 1900, furnished the detachment of mounted infantry
of the Suffolks with an opportunity for distinction, which they
fully availed themselves of. Although De Wet himself escaped,
125
some 30 Boers were killed, 114 were taken prisoners, and seven
guns and many stores were captured. During the progress of
the fight the Boers, who at first largely outnumbered the
British, made a desperate effort to seize our guns, but Lieutenant
Peebles and the Sufiolks " most gallantly held them oS " (Sir
C. Doyle).
Under General Smith-Dorrien's command, the regiment took
part in an expedition from Belfast, on November 6th, when the
column was most heavily attacked on all sides by a large force
of the Boers. The steadiness, however, of the British, resulted
in a complete repulse of the Boers, who lost two of their leaders,
General Fourie and Commandant Henry Prinsloo, besides many
other casualties.
On February 6th, 1901, the Suffolks were again under
General Srnith-Dorrien's command, when the Boer General,
Louis Botha, made a desperate night attack on the camp with
a view to freeing his army from the net the British were casting
round it. The Boers came on with a gallant dash, driving
loose horses in front of them to disorder our outposts. Although
this was at 3 a.m. our posts were alert and in a moment the
Boers were met with a crushing fire from which they were forced
to recoil, leaving 70 killed and wounded. 1,100 Boers were
eventually killed, wounded or captured as the result of these
operations against Botha.
In connection with the South African Campaign mention
must be made of the invaluable services rendered to the country
at the time by the militia and volunteers. Though it was not
the good fortune of the Suffolk Militia to see service in South
Africa, their embodiment made it possible to send more troops
to South Africa, and the representatives of the volunteers who
marched and fought in South Africa side by side with their
comrades of the regular battalion, left a very favourable
impression of their value on the minds of the generals under
whom they served.
126
The total casualties of the regiment during the campaign
amounted to 6 officers, 130 N.C.O. and men, killed in action or
died of wounds, disease, &c., and 7 officers, 103 N.C.O. and
men wounded.
The following soldiers of the regiment have gained the medal
for Distinguished Conduct on the Field of Battle :
For distinguished conduct during Afghan Campaign. Private
Jonathan Langworth.
For gallant conduct at Colesberg, on 6th January, 1900.
Sergeant G. Claridge ; Privates C. Childs, T. H. Darley, W. Hall,
and G. Kisby.
For gallant conduct at Bothaville, 6th November, 1900.
Corporal A. Fuller ; Private A. Oliver.
For distinguished conduct throughout the war. Colour-
Sergeant Godbolt ; Sergeants E. Ager, A. Wheaton, and G.
Ford.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
FME PRINCE ALBERT'S
(Somersetshire Light Infantry),
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
Sphinx, superscribed "EGYPT." A Mural Crown, superscribed " JELLALABAD,"
TTINGEN,'' "MARTINIQUE," "AVA," "AFGHANISTAN," "GHUZNEE," " CABOOL, 1842,"
"SEVASTOPOL," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1878-9," " BURMA, 1885-87,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
JNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters TAUNTON.
MILITIA :
Battalion (1st Somerset Militia)
Battalion (2nd Somerset Militia)
Taunt on.
Taunton.
.st
3. 3rd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
~Bat~h. | 2. 2nd Taunlon.
Weston-sitper-Mare.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAUIUSON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAX AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIVER AND UOYD, EDINBURGH : or
E. PONSONBY, 110, GIIAFTON STREET, UDBLIN.
129
HE PRINCE ALBERT'S (Somersetshire Light
Infantry).
HE Somersetshire Light Infantry was called into existence
y King James II, in 1685, the year of the rebellion of the
-fated Monmouth.
In accordance with the practice of the time, it was formed
irtly of pikemen, partly of musketeers, and presented a
nart appearance in its uniform of a scarlet coat lined with
sllow, yellow breeches, grey stockings, and round broad-
rimmed hats turned up and ornamented with yellow ribands,
our years after its formation it was called upon to face
Bonny Dundee " and his Highland host at the pass of
illiecrankie. On this occasion it gave an earnest of its future
,me by being one of the only two regiments praised by General
iackay, who commanded the English army, for the cool
ilour with which they met the wild onset of the Highland
ans. In the following year the regiment was in Ireland shar
ig the dangers and glory of the battle of the Boyne, a battle
hich finally placed the seal on the rejection of King James II.
eace being restored in Britain, the regiment went to Holland
) take part in the campaigns which the ambition of Louis XIV
t France had forced upon this country.
The year 1701 saw it hard at work at the various sieges
'hich preceded the glorious campaigns of Marlborough,
ut in these the regiment was prevented from sharing, as, in
130
1703, it was ordered to Portugal to serve against the French
and Spanish, and then in the midst of this campaign it was
suddenly ordered to Gibraltar, which was threatened by the
enemy. The regiment reached the fortress in time to join
their comrades before the storm broke, and did gallant service
in the siege which followed. Time after time the desperate
attacks of the Spanish and French were repulsed, and the
brave garrison ultimately had the satisfaction of compelling
the enemy to withdraw his baffled forces. This service over,
the Somersetshire Regiment returned to Spain in time to
share the successes of the daring and romantic Earl of Peter-
borough. Under this dashing commander the small British
force found its energies taxed to the utmost. Daunted by
no dangers, and overcoming all obstacles of nature, the Earl
of Peterborough's campaign will always be memorable for the
astonishing successes gained by his comparatively small force,
and perhaps one of the most singular and characteristic actions
of this brilliant commander in the campaign was in connection
with the Somersetshire Regiment. The regiment had nobly
seconded the genius of its commander, and had well earned his
regard, but it little expected the method by which he expressed
his confidence in it. On parading one day in Spain for his
inspection it received from him the astonishing announcement
that it was to become a regiment of Dragoons, and forthwith
COO horses, fully accoutred, were led from behind a hill, and the
regiment in a moment was turned from infantry to cavalry.
It is another proof of Lord Peterborough's genius when we learn
that these strangely constituted dragoons served with no little
distinction in the subsequent events of the campaign.
In 1727 the regiment, having resumed its place as an
infantry corps, was again manning the Rock of Gibraltar
against the French and Spanish forces, and after a siege of
four months again had the satisfaction of seeing the foe
withdraw, shattered and unsuccessful. In 1743 the regiment
131
light under the command of King George II, and was among
e sturdy British infantry who shattered the proud squadrons
the French at Dettingen. In 1746 it fought in the
ttle at Culloden, which ended the hopes of the Young
etender, and made a wandering fugitive of the would-be
ig. In consideration of the gallant conduct of the regiment
this occasion, the Duke of Cumberland directed that, as a
irk of distinction, the sash should be worn by the officers and
geants with the knot tied on the right side, a privilege which
pears to have been confined to this regiment. 1791 saw the
jiment among the swamps and forests of St. Domingo, fighting
} revolted negroes, and, in 1801, ever on the move, it was
lid the palm trees and pyramids of Egypt. Here, under the
dership of the brave Abercromby, the regiment took a
.lant part in the struggle which first showed the nations
Europe that the legions of Napoleon were not invincible,
3, by the overthrow of the French " Army ot the East,"
led Napoleon's hopes of following the footsteps of Alexander
s Great.
Che regiment was stationed at Gibraltar in the years 1801-05,
en it embarked for home service. During the voyage the
nsport carrying a portion of the battalion was saved from
itruction by the heroism displayed by Private Patrick
gessey. A fire had broken out in the lower hold of the
p in close proximity to the magazine, when this soldier,
[ing himself in a wet blanket, threw himself among the
nes, and, assisted by others who imitated his noble
tmple, succeeded in quenching the conflagration. He was
arded a monetary gift of 20 guineas and thanked by
: Government for his devotion.
'n 1808-9, the regiment was in the West Indies, and by
gallant efforts, Martinique and Guadaloupe, two valuable
,nds, were added to the British Empire. In 1813, the
vices of the regiment were required in Canada, and equally
132
efficient among the snows of North America as among the
sunny West Indian Islands, it took a successful part in the
defence of Canada against the American Army. In 1822 the
regiment was cons; ituted a Light Infantry Corps. In 1824, while
in India, it was called upon to take a distinguished part in the
campaign in Burmah against the king of Ava. This eastern
potentate had assembled an army of some 60,000 men with
300 guns to annihilate the small British force which had been
sent to bring him to reason. Stockade after stockade, how-
ever, fell before the British, and at last the masses of the
Burmese Army fled in hopeless confusion before the resistless
bayonets of the English, and 240 of the guns were left as
trophies of the valour of our troops, while a large accession
of territory to the British Empire formed a permanent record
of the victory. Of the doings of the Somersetshire Regiment
the General wrote, " I never witnessed a more dashing charge " ;
and again, " Their conduct far exceeds all I can write in their
piaise."
Gallant, however, as the conduct of the regiment was in
this campaign, it sinks into insignificance before the record it
earned in Afghanistan in 1839-41. Shah Soojah having been
driven from the throne of Afghanistan by a ruler unfavourable
to British interests, a force was assembled to restore the fallen
monarch, and the Somersetshire Regiment, with the rest of
the army of the Indus, entered the wild passes of Afghanistan.
Success seemed at first to crown the arms of the British force,
and after storming the strong fortress of Ghuznee, the army
reached Cabul and replaced the Afghan monarch on his throne.
It was during the assault of the fortress of Ghuznee that by-
some mistake a bugler sounded the " Retire," when Bugler Wilson
of the Regiment promptly sounded the" Advance,double," which
averted what might have been a great disaster. Unfortunately
Shah Soojah made himself hated by his fierce subjects, and dis-
turbances arose which made it necessaiy for the regiment to leave
v- -
133
ibul ; and, joining a flying column under General Sale,
was engaged in the toilsome work of pursuing and
spersing the wild tribesmen, as they gathered here and
.ere in their rocky fastnesses against the British. Mean-
bile, affairs were growing more serious day by day as
e rising of the Afghans became general, and thousands of
irlike foes hemmed in the British army at Cabul. To avoid
mmunications with India being interrupted, it was resolved
occupy Jellalabad a ruined stronghold in Afghanistan
order that the army at Cabul might have somewhere
retire to in the event of a retreat being necessary,
r Robert Sale, therefore, with his small force of 1,500 men
a principal part being the Somersetshire Eegiment at
.ce set to work to repair the dilapidated fortifications, in
ite of the fierce interruptions of the Afghans. Here, from
wember, 1841, to April, 1842, these brave men, amid the
Idest scenery of Afghanistan, and cut off from the rest of
eir comrades, gallantly held this detached post in the hope
at it would afford a place of security for their comrades from
,bul. Their hope was, however, in vain, for of the 17,000
ills who started under promise of safe conduct from Cabul,
e only reached the shelter of the British flag at Jellalabad.
were taken prisoners, and the rest, worn with toil and spent
th hunger, were treacherously slain amid the wintry snows
the ruthless Afghans. The massacre of the Cabul force
spired the Afghans to fiercer efforts against Jellalabad ; but
spite of news of disaster, in spite of warlike Afghans, and
en in spite of Nature herself, for over 100 shocks of earthquake
ook the walls, the brave Somersetshire men with their gallant
tnrades set their teeth and defied them all. On the 7th
)ril, 1842, the beleaguered garrison sallied forth and
cisively routed the Afghan army under Akbar Khan,
lich retrieved the honour and prestige of the nation in that
itant part of the world and put an end to further hostilitie^.^
134
This " Illustrious Garrison," as it was termed by trie Govern-
ment of India, was received on its return by special honours
in all cantonments through which it passed.
For its services on this occasion Her Majesty Queen
Victoria was pleased to signify her wish that the regi-
ment should bear the title of " The Prince Albert's
Eegiment of Light Infantry," and that its facings should
be changed from yellow to Royal blue, and that a
mural crown, superscribed " Jellalabad," should be worn
on the appointments in addition to the inscriptions on
its colours of the words "' Afghanistan," " Ghuznee," and
" Cabul."
The regiment afterwards served in the Crimea,
and won for its colours the word " Sevastopol," and in
1857 took part in quelling the Indian Mutiny, winning the
battle of Azimghur under the command of Lord Mark
Kerr. In South Africa, in 1878-09, it served in the cam-
paign which broke the power of the Zulu nation, and at
Kambula and Ulundi taught these fierce warriors that
their reign of bloodshed was over. The regiment was
represented during the campaigns in Egypt by a detach-
ment which performed good service as part of the Camel Corps.
The next war service of the regiment was in connection with
the conquest of Burmah, where it earned an addition to the
record of victories inscribed on its colours.
A detachment of the regiment was then employed in 1897
in the expedition against the wild Mohrnand tribesmen on
the northern frontier of India, being sharply engaged at
Shabkadar, and in 1899 the campaign against the Boers called
a battalion of the regiment to South Africa.
It joined the Natal Field Force in December, 1899, and as
part of Sir Charles Warren's Division, had much hard fighting
around the Tugela, and took a prominent part in the Spion
Kop operations. During the fierce fighting on the 23rd
135
January, 1900, the Somersetshire Regiment occupied the hill
Detween Spion Kop and One Tree Hill until it was decided to
ibandon operations on this line. In the subsequent fighting
vhich ensued before the Boers were driven from the Tugela the
jattalion was several times actively engaged with the enemy,
ind notably so on the 21st February; and on the 3rd March,
.900, they had the re ward of their exertions in their triumphant
mtry into the shot-battered streets of Ladysmith.
Moving on after the relief of Ladysmith much hard work fell
o the Somersetshire men in following up the retreating Boers,
,nd when the enemy's armies were dispersed and the long
peary period of guerilla warfare ensued, the battalion, in
ommon with the rest of the army, found ample employment
a. the numerous marches, night attacks, and drives, by which
be Boer resistance was eventually worn down.
The losses of the battalion bear ample testimony to the
xtent of its exertions. 9 officers and 105 N.C.O. and men
fere either killed in action or died of disease, and 4 officers
nd 78 N.C.O. and men were wounded.
The campaign also furnished an opportunity of distinction to
he militia and volunteers of the regiment, of which the
omersetshire men took full advantage. The 4th Battalion
Vlilitia) volunteered for active service in the early days of the
r ar, and proceeding to South Africa served in that country for
ver two years. Although not engaged in any of the great
attles, it had, perhaps, the harder task of guarding the bridges
nd lines of railway, on the safety of which the armies in the field
epended for their supplies and very existence. The volunteer
?rvice company j oined its comrades of the regular battalion, and
raved the hardships and dangers of the campaign with a spirit
lat reflected the highest credit on the force it represented.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won the Victoria
ross or the medal for Distinguished Conduct on the Field of
attle :
136
Victoria Cross.
Private Patrick Carlin and Sergeant W. Napier. For gallant
deeds during the Indian Mutiny in rescuing wounded comrades.
Major W. K. Leet. For heroism in the Zulu Campaign in
rescuing a brother officer.
Distinguished Conduct Medal.
Jdlalabad :
Armourer-Sergeant Ulyett, for capturing Mahomet Akbar's
standard on 7th April, 1842.
Zululand :
Private A. Page. For gallantry during the Zulu Campaign.
Burmese Campaign :
Colour-Sergeant E. Bath. The officer commanding his de-
tachment having been shot in action, Colour-Sergeant Bath
continued the action and brought it to a successful conclusion.
Private Walter White. For courageous conduct during the
operation against the rebel Burrnans at Pyatoway.
South African Campaign :
Colour-Sergeant H. French. Both officers of his company
having been killed, he commanded it and brought it out of
action in admirable order.
Private H. Hutchings. For conspicuous bravery in bringing
up ammunition repeatedly under a heavy fire.
Colour-Sergeant A. W. Ellis ; Sergeants W. Hitchcock, S.
Hannam, S. Hewlett, J. Gates ; Corporal J. Galbraith. For
distinguished conduct in the field generally.
137
Privates J. Cutland, F. Marsh, C. R. Woods. On the retire-
ment of the battalion these men stayed out all night with a
wounded sergeant and brought him in safely next morning from
under the rifles of the enemy.
4th Battalion (Militia) :
Sergeant- Major T. Tobias, Quartermaster-Sergeant G. Kemp,
Colour-Sergeant J. Bastable. For general good service during
the campaign.
ODD SAVE TRE KINO.
K 2
THE
RIM OF WALES'S OWN
(WEST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT),
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Prince of Wales's Plume. The White Horse. "Nee a~pcra terrent."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
Koyal Tiger, superscribed '' INDIA," "TOCRNAY," COHUNI>A," " JAVA," ' WATERLOO,
" BHUKTFOKE," " SEVASTOPOL," ' XEW ZEALAND," " AFGHANISTAN, 1879-80,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1302," "RELIEF OF LADTSSJITH."
NI FORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BUFF.
Depot Headquarters YORK,
MILITIA:
i Battalion (2iid West York Militia)
t Battalion (4tli West York Militia)
1st
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS:
York. | 2. 2nd
3rd . . Leeds.
York.
York.
. . Bradford.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJFSTIT'S STATIONERY OFHCE,
BY 1IA1UUSON AX!) SONS, ST MA ".TIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTT.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAX A\I) SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OL1VKP. AND ISOYD, EDINKDRGH ; or
E. PONSUNLJY, llu, GHAFTON STREET, DCBLIN.
141
THE PRINCE OF WALES'S OWN
(West Yorkshire Regiment).
SE West Yorkshire Regiment was raised by King James II
the time of Monmouth's rebellion in 1685, but before its
rmation was completed, the battle of Sedgemoor had disposed
that unfortunate leader, and it was under King William III
,at the regiment proceeded on its first active service, to take
irt in the campaigns of that monarch against Louis XIV of
ranee. It was present at the battle of Landen, in 1693, and
: the capture of Namur, in 1G95, King William's greatest
ilitary achievement.
In 1705 it was recalled to serve in Scotland, where the
Iherents of the deposed King James were in arms against
ie English. The battle of Sheriffmuir, however, practically
ided the hopes of the Scottish Jacobites, and the last embers
this rebellion were extinguished at Glenshiel, where 400
aanish troops, with the remaining hostile Highlanders, were
;feated by an English force, part of which was the West
orkshire Regiment. In 1727 the regiment was serving in
irrison at Gibraltar, during the second of the three deter-
ined efforts made by the French and Spaniards to wrest it
om us. The severity of the attack may be judged when we
e told that for 14 days no less than 700 shots per hour were
Dured by the enemy upon the devoted fortress. The hearts
'. the garrison were, however, as staunch as the rock was hard,
id the besiegers were at last forced to withdraw, leaving the
ittered and burst ordnance, and their ruined trenches, as
.emorials of their defeat. In Scotland, in 1745 and 1746, the
igiment again was called upon to face the Jacobites. Although
; the battle of Falkirk the fortune of war was against the
nglish, the West Yorkshire emerged with credit from the
;tion, and at Culloden assisted in putting the finishing stroke
) the aims of the Scottish clans. In 1765 the good conduct
t the regiment, while quartered at Windsor, attracted the
notice of King George III, and, as a mark of distinction, he
ordered that the badge of the White Horse, and the motto,
" Nee aspera terrent," should be worn by the regiment.
In 1773, at St. Vincent, the regiment was successful in ending
a rebellion of the Caribs, which had threatened the settlers
with destruction, and in 1775 and following years was engaged
in various actions during the American War of Independence.
In the campaigns waged against the French Republic during
1793-4 the regiment added very considerably to its laurels.
In an attack on the French camp at Famars the regiment not
only gained a victory, but a piece of music, which has ever
since been the regimental quickstep. Among the various
pieces of revolutionary music which fanned the fiery zeal of the
French Republicans was " Qa Ira," and to the strains of this
they hurled themselves on their more sober opponents on one
occasion, with an impetuosity which at first threatened disaster
to the British troops. The colonel of the West Yorkshire
Regiment, however, with a magnificent inspiration, called out
to his men, " Come along, my lads, we'll break them to their
own d d tune," and bade his drummers strike up " Qa Ira."
The effect was irresistible, and the French found themselves
speedily flying from the sound of their own war hymn. At the
siege of Valenciennes, which followed, the regiment was called
upon to furnish 100 men for the storming party. The colonel
addressed the regiment, pointing out the danger no less than
the honour of the enterprise. He then ordered all who volun-
teered to recover arms. The whole regiment did so as one man,
and the first 100 for duty were selected. With such a spirit
animating the men, it is needless to say that Valenciennes
speedily fell.
At the siege of Dunkirk the regiment still further distinguished
itself, and with two other regiments, shortly afterwards gained
great renown in the operations near Lille. The Austrians who
were to have supported the British brigade had fallen back,
leaving it the target of attack for an immense concentration of
foes. After stoutly holding its own for a considerable time,
the leaders of the brigade realised from the increasing numbers
of its assailants that their allies had fled, and nothing could
apparently save their men from the alternative of surrender or
destruction. But British pluck would accept neither of them,
and it was resolved that the brigade should fight its way back,
and carrying their wounded colonel with them, the West York-
shire and their undaunted comrades fought their way back in
spite of barricades and hedges lined with masses of the enemy.
143
,ter on, outside the walls of Tournay, this brigade, proud of
title of the " Fighting Brigade," by a gallant charge turned
e tide of victory by its own unaided efforts, after their
istrian allies had abandoned the field in flight, and on
is occasion the regiment earned the first distinction on
colours. In 1796, it was at the capture of some of the West
dian Islands, and at the attack on Porto Rico, a working
rty of the regiment displayed their native valour by defeating
Spanish force with no other arms than their picks and
ovels. At Corunna, in 1809, the regiment made a gallant
d successful charge for which it was specially commended by
: John Hope, who succeeded to the command of the Army
the death of Sir John Moore. Battalions of the regiment
;re engaged in the capture of the Mauritius in 1810, and Java
1811, their services at the latter island being commemorated
the colours. In this latter island the regiment was shortly
;erwards called upon to storm a fortified palace of a ruler
lied the Sultan of Mataran. Although garrisoned by 17,000
lined troops, assisted by thousands more of armed peasants,
imall British force of 1,500 men quickly forced their way into
e fortress, drove out its defenders and captured the Sultan,
te next action which the colours of the regiment commemorate
is the ever famous battle of Waterloo. The battalion of the
;;iment engaged had but recently been recruited, and owing
the youthful appearance of the men it was at first intended
leave it in garrison at Antwerp, but the glorious past of the
Ttment pleaded for it, and it was included in the army which
jed Napoleon at Waterloo. Its position was on the extreme
;ht of the line, and its chief duty during the day was to hold
check a large body of French cavalry. Although not so
merely engaged as other of the British regiments, the very
sence of the fierce excitement of hand to hand fighting and
e patient valour required to stand firm under the distant,
t pitiless cannonade, tested the endurance of the young
Idier even more severely, a test which the battalion sustained
a manner worthy of the reputation of the regiment.
Meanwhile, another battalion of the regiment was winning
irels in India. In 1815, it was engaged against the
loorkhas in the second Nepaul war ; in 1817, against the
ijah of Hatrass, whose robber stronghold was captured and
stroyed, and his force of 8,000 men defeated and dispersed.
1826, an operation of greater magnitude awaited it.
lurtpore, the great Jat fortress which had, 20 years before,
ccessfully repulsed the British under Lord Lake, with
144
a loss of 3,000 officers and men, was assaulted and taken,
and in recognition of the distinguished gallantry it had
displayed in leading the assault, the West Yorkshire Regiment
was placed in garrison there by the Governor-General of India,
and in 1838, to commemorate more particularly the splendid
services of the regiment, it was granted the badge of " The
Tiger " and the word " India," while " Bhurtpore " was added
to the list of victories on the colours.
In 1855, the regiment was serving in the trenches before
Sebastopol, in 1861-3, against the Maories in New Zealand,
and in Afghanistan in 1880, where, according to the official
despatches, at Mazina, the young soldiers of the regiment
satisfactorily maintained the fighting traditions of the " Old
and Bold," by behaving in action with great steadiness,
coolness and gallantry. " Sevastopol," " New Zealand," and
" Afghanistan, 1879-80," on the colours form a lasting
memorial of these three campaigns.
In 1876, His Majesty, then the Prince of Wales, presented
new colours to the battalion of the regiment at Lucknow, and,
as a testimony to its valiant deeds in the past, the regiment was
honoured with the title of " The Prince of Wales's Own."
In 1895, the 2nd Battalion saw some campaigning in Ashanti,
when King Prempeh was taken prisoner and escorted by the
battalion to the coast, and in November, 1899, it was landed
in South Africa for the serious work of the Boer Campaign.
Within a fortnight of its arrival it was actively engaged with
the enemy at Willow Grange, where Sir Conan Doyle states,
;< the West Surreys and Yorkshires behaved very well." This
was followed on the 15th December by the battle of Colenso.
Here the West Yorkshires formed part of General Hildyatd's
Brigade, which took a principal share of the fighting. The
brigade made an excellent advance and seized the railway
station, and when withdrawn in consequence of mishaps in
other parts of the field, returned under fire with admirable
steadiness.
Again the battalion faced the enemy with marked success
on the 21st January, in the Spion Kop operations, advancing
coolly and deliberately on the Boer positions in the teeth of
a fierce cannonade and rifle fire, and on the 18th February,
by the capture of the Monte Christo ridge, practically
made the relief of Ladysmith possible by turning the Boer
position.
This action was followed by the successful assault of Pieter's
Hill, and on the 3rd March, the West Yorkshires, with the rest
145
Sir K. B tiller's army, tuarclied triumphantly through the
eets of beleagured Ladysmith.
The battalion subsequently participated iu the masterly
>vements by which Sir Kedvers Buller forced the Boers to
icuate Laing's Nek, and thereupon advanced into the
ansvaal.
Aiter the capture of Koniati Poort the war practically
generated into a wearisome guerilla campaign, which threw
;essant work upon our men, who were marched and counter-
irched continuously, and gradually by night attacks and
ves, wore down the restless Boer commandos. Space does
t allow of the detailed account of the various skirmishes and
ions of the West Yorkshires during this period, and mention
i only be made of one of the occasions when the regiment
:ticularly distinguished itself.
rhis was while it was under the command of General Smith -
rrien, whose command was one of a network of columns
sing in upon General Botha's force in the early part of 1901.
alising his danger General Botha made a desperate effort
break loose from the net by a fierce night attack on General
dth-Dorrien's column at Lake Chrissie, on 6th February, but
the words of Sir Conan Doyle, " the West Yorkshires, how-
;r, who bore the brunt of the attack, were veterans of the
gela, who were no more to be flurried at three in the morning
in at three in the afternoon." The attack was completely
>ulsed, and the morning revealed no trace of the enemy,
;cpt those left dead on the field. The net swept onwards,
1 the total haul amounted to 1,100 Boers, killed, wounded or
>tured.
STo campaign more clearly demonstrated the value of the
itia and volunteers than that in South Africa. The West
rkshire Militia had volunteered for service before, and the
rd " Mediterranean " on its colours testified to its response
its country's call during the Crimean war, but its value on
.ive service had yet to be proved. The Boer War settled the
sstion for once and all, and both militia and volunteers must
iv be regarded as a valuable support to our fighting lines
erever it may be sent. The 3rd Battalion volunteered for
ive service on February, 1901, but was asked to go to Malta
tead, to help garrison that important fortress. Although
:urally preferring to be sent on active service there was no
dtation in the reply that the battalion was willing to serve
pwhere, and it accordingly embarked for Malta, where it
ved for a year.
146
The 4th Battalion, more fortunate, had its services accepted
for the field of war, and served for over two years during the
campaign. During this time it performed invaluable service
in the work of guarding the :ines of communication, on the
safety of which all depended, and which involved much hard-
ship and danger. The volunteer service company also served
side by side with their comrades of the regular forces and with
an equal share of honour.
5 officers and 126 N.C.O. and men of the regiment were
killed in action, or died of wounds, disease, &c., during the
campaign, and 15 officers and 251 N.C.O. and men were
wounded. The 4th Battalion lost 10 men by death and 3 were
wounded.
The following officers and soldiers of the regiment won the
Victoria Cross or Distinguished Conduct Medal during the
campaign :
Victoria Cross.
Captain C. Mansel Jones. For conspicuous gallantry at
Pieter's Hill, February, 1900.
Sergeant W. B. Traynor. For gallant conduct at Lake
Chrissie, 6th February, 1901.
Medals for Distinguished Conduct in tke Field.
Colour-Sergeants F. Kingsley, C. Busher, E. Ford ; Quarter-
master-Sergeant E. Jordan ; Company Armourer-Sergeant H.
Southern ; Sergeants H. Parkinson, W. T. Lintott, F. H.
Poplar (killed in action), A. Walmsley ; Lance-Corporals F.
Scott, J. Rawnsley ; Privates B. Woodhead, H. Goodyear,
J. Banks (killed in action), A. B. Powell, and J. Moran.
4th Battalion (Militia) :
Sergeant- Major J. Henry, Colour-Sergeant W. Chapman,
Corporal A. Lumby.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
JLU
THE
ist Yorkshire Regiment,
BADGE.
The White Rose
BATILE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
JHEIM," " RAMILUES," " OODENARDE," " MALPLAQUET," " I-OUISBURG," "QUEBEC, 1759,"
"MARTINIQUE," " GUADALOUPE," "AFGHANISTAN, 1879-80,"
"SOUTH AFBICA, 1900-02."
FORM SCARLET.
FACINGS-WHITE.
Depot Headquarters BE VEELEY,
MILITIA :
tattalion (East York Militia) ..
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
t Hull. | 2. 2nd
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAltlUSON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LAXE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, cither directly or through any Bookseller, from
\VYMAX AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE^ E.G., or
OUVKU AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. POXSON'BY, IIS.GRAFTON STRKET, DUBLIM.
149
THE EAST YORKSHIRE REGIMENT.
[E East Yorkshire Regiment was one of the regiments which
ng James II caused to be formed at the time of Monmouth's
Dellion in 1685, and was first armed part with muskets
d part with pikes ; the latter were, however, abandoned
ring the campaigns of Marlborough, when the superiority
the firearm became evident. The regiment was first
[led into the field in 1689, when it proceeded to Scotland,
d was for some years engaged, often amid circumstances
much hardship, in establishing the authority of King
illiam III among the Highland clans. In 1694, it was
iered to proceed to Flanders to take part in the contest
dch William III was waging against Louis XIV of France,
d was there engaged with varying fortune until the treaty
Ryswick set a limit to the ambitious designs of the French
march. The peace was, however, of short duration, and
1701, the colours of the regiment were again displayed
ainst the French. Under the gifted Marlborough, the
;iment was engaged in the various successful sieges of
tich the early campaigns consisted, and in 1704, fought
the famous battle of Blenheim. The East Yorkshire was
e of the regiments which led the attack on the village of
enheim, and on which fell the fiercest brunt of the battle,
ider a tempest of fire from the 24 battalions of the French,
which the village was held, the British troops marched
150
on, and not a shot was returned until their General struck
his sword on the palisades of the village. Such a dauntless
spirit was irresistible, and the close of the day saw the relics
of the French and Bavarian army in headlong flight, leaving
their commander and a host of prisoners in the hands of
their conquerors. Again, in 1706, the regiment formed part
of the army which in three hours completely overthrew
the forces of France, Spain, and Bavaria, at Ramillies. And
at Oudenarde, in 1708, it again vindicated the superior
valour of the British forces and the genius of their commander
by driving the French army with great slaughter from its
fortified position, night alone saving its shattered remnants
from destruction. The next important service of the regiment
was the siege of Tournay. Here, owing to the numerous
mines and other underground works of defence, the task of
the besiegers was particularly trying. Mines had to be con-
quered by countermines, and often when working underground
men were destroyed by explosions, drowned by water, or
suffocated by smoke, and when the opposing forces met in the
gloomy labyrinths, fierce life and death struggles were added to
the other horrors of the situation. But British pluck was equal
to the task, and Tournay was added to the list of our successes.
At Malplaquet, the most sanguinary of Marlborough's victories,
the East Yorkshire Regiment was in the reserve, and its
losses were, therefore, but slight. After the tremendous
defeats sustained by the French, their commanders were
ordered to limit their exertions to holding the various
fortresses which covered the frontiers of France, but their
exertions in this respect were equally fruitless, for one by
one, Marlborough and his brave soldiers stripped away these
defences, and at last, when France lay bare to her enemies,
Louis was forced to sue for peace. The names of the
four great victories of these campaigns are inscribed on the
colours of the regiment to perpetuate the memory of the
151
brave men, who on these occasions so signally proved the
valour of the English nation. In 1719 the regiment was
engaged at Glenshiel, in Scotland, where 400 Spaniards, who
had landed to support the Jacobites, were forced to surrender,
and their Highland allies had to seek refuge in flight. 1741
found them in South America, where they took part in
the attack on Carthagena, but in spite of the utmost
bravery on the part of the troops the attack failed in con-
sequence of the fearful ravages the unhealthiness of the climate
made among them. In 1758 the regiment made amends for
this disappointment by the gallant capture of Louisburg,
the strongly fortified capital of Cape Le Breton. Under the
leadership of the heroic Wolfe, the regiment landed, in spite
of the angry surf and the enemy's fire, and forming on the
beach, fixed bayonets and carried the enemy's works by a
determined rush. The capture of Louisburg was received
with much enthusiasm in this country, and the colours
captured from the enemy on this occasion were escorted with
much ceremony from Kensington Palace to St. Paul's
Cathedral.
This feat was followed the next year by one still more
brilliant, the capture of Quebec. Again under Wolfe, the
expedition, of which the East Yorkshire Regiment formed part,
and consisting in all of some 9,000 men, sailed from England
and anchored before Quebec in June, 1759. This city was,
however, garrisoned by a force of 16,000 troops under the brave
Montcalm, and its defences were so strong, that for two months
bombardment and assault proved fruitless. The genius of the
young English commander and the valour of his troops, how-
ever, refused to acknowledge defeat, and at last it was resolved
to attempt a night attack. Throwing the French off their guard
by their movements during the day, the troops embarked in
boats during the night of the 12th September, and, rowing with
muffled oars past the French sentinels, reached the foot of a
152
bush clad precipice. Disembarking here, the soldiers clambered
up the crags to the level ground, and when daylight came it
showed to the astonished eyes of the French commander the
British Army, by this time reduced to 5,000, arrayed for battle
outside the walls of Quebec. Without waiting to be attacked
the brave Montcalm rushed with his troops on the English, and
in the battle which ensued lost his life, and the French lost
Canada. In the moment of victory Wolfe also fell, but not
before he had seen the flight of the enemy.
Quebec was the spoil of the victory, and the Colonel of the
East Yorkshire Regiment was made its governor, the regiment
being placed in garrison. The French made a desperate effort
to retake it in 1760, but were successfully and gallantly repulsed,
and the same year the East Yorkshire formed part of the army
which forced the French to surrender Montreal, by which the
conquest of Canada was completed, and that vast dominion
added to the British Empire. The regiment was then called
upon to take part in attacks on Martinique and Havannah, in
both of which enterprises complete success attended our arms.
Then followed some severe service during the American War
of Independence, in which, notwithstanding the issue of the
contest, the regiment nobly sustained its reputation for gal-
lantry, and notably so at Germantown and Brandywine. In
1778 the regiment took part in the capture of St. Lucia, and
for the next few years were busily engaged in fighting the
French among the West Indian Island?. The gallant defence
of St. Christopher cannot be passed over without comment.
Here the small British garrison, 600 strong, was attacked in
1782 by a formidable French armament of 8,000 troops with a
powerful train of artillery. Unable to oppose so strong a
force in the open ground, the English stationed themselves in
an old and ruined fortification on a hill appropriately named
Brimstone Hill, and here thy stayed night and day under a
tremendous storm of artillery fire, and would not relinquish
153
he contest until they were reduced to the last extremity, when
he survivors capitulated and proudly marched out through the
ireach with all the honours of war. In 1809 the regiment
dded to its laurels by its particularly gallant conduct at the
onquest of Martinique, and in 1810 again vindicated its un-
onquerable spirit at Guadaloupe, when the French were dis-
iossessed of that island. Both of these actions were inscribed
n the colours to commemorate the gallantry of the regiment.
L long period then elapsed before any active service again fell
o the lot of the regiment, and it was not till 1879 that it was
rdered to Afghanistan, and even then it was not required to
rove its valour on the field, as the power of the Afghans had
ieen broken before it arrived on the scene of action ; but the
;rivations and hardships cheerfully borne by the regiment in
ts hasty marches under the burning sun fairly won for it the
istinction on its colours, " Afghanistan 1879-80."
For nearly 20 years after the Afghan War the British Empire
7as, so far as it ever can be, at peace. In 1899, however, the
ieace was broken. Ths South African Republics declared war
gainst Great Britain, and invaded Natal, Cape Colony, and
>echuanaland.
Early in April, 1900, a mounted infantry company of the
pgiment arrived at Bloemfontein. Forming part of Lord
ioberts's Army, it crossed the " Vaal " on the 26th May, and
n the 5th June, when Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal,
urrendered, it was at the head of the mounted tioops who
iassed in review before the commander in chief. A few days
iter it aided in the defeat of the Boers at Diamond Hill, and
hen, travelling south with other troops under General Bruce
lamilton, an officer of the regiment, it took part in the opera-
ions leading to, and was present at, the great surrender in the
Vittebergen, where General Prinsloo's Comma ado of 4,000
aen laid down their arms and gave themselves up as prisoners
f war.
L 2
154
The battalion of the regiment from which this company had
been detached, had, meanwhile, in tin operations intheWitte-
bergen, also done its share towards the accomplishment of
Prinsloo's surrender. It formed part of the 8th Division,
which, under General Sir Leslie Bundle, had been fighting at
Thabanchu and elsewhere, and which was destined through
two more years of warfare to give further proof that no hard-
ships, no privations, no disease, could subdue the cheerful spirit
or diminish the indomitable courage of the British soldier. After
the surrender of Prinsloo, the 8th Division occupied the eastern
part of the Orange Free State, the defence of Harrismith, then
the terminus of the railway from Ladysmith and Durban, being
entrusted to the East Yorkshire Regiment. While holding
this very important town and depot, the battalion furnished
many men for duties with supply columns, transport signallers,
staff officers, &c. It also detached a second mounted infantry
company. Here it also took farewell of the services of an
excellent volunteer service company, which had joined it at
home from Beverley and Hull, and which, under the mistaken
assumption that the war was practically over, was ordered to
England, but only to be detained on the lines of communication
when it was discovered that the war was still very far from
completion.
In December, 1900, and January, 1901, the regiment held
the town of Reitz, where nothing but ceaseless vigilance, and
the judicious use of spade and wire, prevented the occurrence
of disaster.
The battalion was now but 500 strong, scattered round a
perimeter of 15 miles, while large forces of the enemy constantly
hovered in the neighbourhood, waiting for an opportunity to
crush, either by night or day, this isolated Yorkshire garrison,
a garrison so self-reliant, however, that it proceeded to play
off its annual regimental cricket tournament, and to plant some
very fine plots with potatoes.
155
When Reitz was evacuated, January, 1901, convoys were
successfully escorted to Bethlehem, to Vrede and to Standerton,
through country admirably adapted to the guerilla tactics
which the defeated burghers had adopted towards the close of
1900. From Standerton the battalion went to Newcastle and
thence into the Eastern Transvaal, where it took part in General
French's extensive operations. On its return to Harrismith, it
rejoined the 8th Division, which then started for the Brand-
water Basin and the Caledon Valley. In clearing these moun-
tainous districts of the enemy, sharp fighting and intense cold
were experienced, but numerous and important captures were
made. After harrying the Langenberg, the East Yorkshire
Regiment was, in June, 1901, detailed to garrison Bethlehem.
Mounted columns had at this season begun to operate with
great effect over the whole area of hostilities, and the Imperial
Light Horse, working from Bethlehem, inflicted considerable
damage upon the enemy, and drove within the outposts of the
regiment a vast number of cattle, horses, sheep and goats.
In November, 1901, in order to liberate troops for the con-
struction and occupation of lines of blockhouses, a hill com-
manding the town was fortified, and the garrison, detaching
three companies to Harrismith, concentrated there.
The attempts of the Boers to frustrate the building of block-
houses, the network of which was being steadily spread over
the conquered countries, were prevented by vigilance and good
shooting, and in January, 1902, the battalion, five men in each
house, held about 25 miles of the line between Bethlehem and
Harrismith. A few of these blockhouses were fired into at
night, but the strength of the enemy was broken and no serious
attack was made. Meanwhile the 3rd (Militia) Battalion had
arrived in the field, and was holding important railway lines in
and south of the Orange River Colony, formerly the Orange
Free State. Elsewhere in the theatre of operations, the two
mounted infantry companies were also demonstrating that the
156
cautious " slimness " of the burgher was no match for the
cunning boldness of the Yorkshireman.
At Botha ville, on the 6th November, 1900, one of these com-
panies took part in the surprise of De Wet's laager, when eight
guns, numerous wagons, and some 100 prisoners, fell into our
hands. This was but one of many surprises and captures.
Moving again southwards, through Edenburgh, Dewetsdorp,
Bethulie and Ficksburg, the mounted column pursued and
attacked the enemy's commandoes whenever the Boers dared
to stand.
In February, 1901, it dashed after De Wet, then raiding the
Cape Colony, headed him at the Brak River, and chased him
over the Orange, taking 50 of his followers at Hopetown. Then
followed months of hard riding and hard fighting between the
Orange and the Vaal, months during which the strength and
the resistance of the enemy were gradually worn down. The
second mounted infantry company was employed in the
Magaliesburg in December, 1900, in the Eastern Transvaal
under General French till April, 1901, and subsequently in the
Ermelo District under General Bruce Hamilton. In December,
1901, it greatly distinguished itself, covering the retirement of
a mounted infantry battalion that was surprised near the town
of Ermelo. With great gallantry and coolness it held the
enemy in check till the battalion gained a place of safety.
Afterwards it took part in General Bruce Hamilton's very
successful " drives " in the Eastern Transvaal.
In May, 1902, it went to Heidelberg, Transvaal. It was
there when, on the 31st of the month, the Boer delegates
assembled at Vereeniging, accepted the conditions offered by
His Majesty's Government, and articles of peace were signed.
The losses of the regiment during the campaign amounted to
6 officers and 77 N.C.O. and men, killed in action, or died of
wounds, disease, &c., and 3 officers, and 55 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
157
The following soldiers of the regiment gained the medal for
Distinguished Conduct during the war :
Sergeant-Major J. W. Springhall ; Colour-Sergeant J. Kil-
patrick ; Quarter-master-Sergeant A. Lyne ; Sergeants D.
Johnston, J. Hendry ; Corporals C. C. Teesdale, J. Morganti ;
Privates J. T. Benson, J. P. Donnelly ; Drummer T. Carney.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
The Bedfordshire Regiment,
BADGE.
The United Red and White Hose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
"BLENHEIM," " RAH ILLIES," "OUDENARDE," " MALPLAQDET," " SCBINAM," " CHITRAL,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-1902."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE
Depot Headquarters-BEDFOm
MILITIA:
3rd Battalion (Bedford Militia) . .
:4feh Battalion (Hertford Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS;
1. 1st ..
3. 2nd ..
Hertford.
. . Kernel Hempstead.
3. 3rd..
4. 4th..
Bedford.
, , Hertford.
Bedford.
Huntingdon.
LONDON:
FEINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HABBISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYilAV ANT) SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND 110 YD, EDINBURGH; or
E. FOXSOXUY, 113, GRAFTON STREET, DCBLIN.
161
THE BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT.
THE history of this old and distinguished regiment reaches
back for over 200 years, as it was formed in the reign of King
James II in the year 1( ; 88. In accordance with the custom of
the time it consisted of musketeers and pi kerne n, and was
clothed in a smart uniform of a red coat, lined and faced with
white, white waistcoat, white breeches, and round hat, the brim
of which was turned up and ornamented with white ribands.
Probably few corps can boast of having seen so much service as
this regiment during the first twenty-five years of its existence.
Directly on the accession of William III the regiment was
ordered to Holland to take part in the campaign which the
Eng'ish King was waging against the ambitious designs of the
powerful Louis XIV of France, and almost immediately on its
arrival had an opportunity of proving its courage. On the 25th
of August, ](i89, the Bedfordshire Regiment had been sent out
in advance of the Allied Army to cover the numerous foraging
parties which were gathering food in the surrounding villages
and farms. The French commander endeavoured, by an
unexpected attack in force, to cut off these scattered parties,
and the Dutch and Danish cavalry, who were allied to the English,
were speedily driven in. The commanding officer of the Bed-
fordshire Regiment, however, determined to save the foragers,
and, after firing guns to recall them, lined the hedges with his
musketeers, and notwithstanding the very superior numbers of
the French, held them in check until the foraging parties had
returned safely to camp. Then the regiment fell back fighting
until the village of Walcourt was reached, when with one
other corps it forced the enemy, though numbering nearly
162
10,000 men, to retreat with severe loss. At the battle of
Steinkirk in 1692, the regiment again fought bravely, its
gallant colonel being killed at the head of the regiment by
a cannon ball. Then followed various minor conflicts until the
29th July, 1693, when the regiment was engaged in the battle
of Landen. Here the French brought some 80,000 men into
the field, while the allied army, of which the Bedfordshire
Regiment was part, numbered only 45,000. Although the
stress of numbers forced the allies to retreat, it was with no
loss of credit to the valour of our troops, as we read in the
report of the battle, " Our troops in general behaved extremely
well, but the English did particularly distinguish themselves."
In 1695, the regiment was engaged under the command of
King William III in the celebrated siege of Namur, the capture
of which strongly fortified town is reckoned as King William's
greatest military achievement. It also took an active part in
the subsequent campaigns of that monarch, until the treaty
of Ryswick in 1697 successfully ended the eight years' war.
But the breathing time the regiment enjoyed was but short,
for in 1701, the French King flung treaties to the wind, and
war was again declared. But this time the regiment was
to fight under the great Marlborough, and its gallant conduct
in no less than 34 successful battles and sieges firmly estab-
lished its warlike reputation. Space, however, forbids us to
speak of all. The regiment was with Marlborough in his
daring march from the Low Countries to the Upper Danube
in 1704, stormed the heights of the Schellenberg, and on Sunday,
the 13th August, faced the foe at Blenheim. In the glorious
victory which was here gained, the Bedfordshire was one of the
corps on which fell the brunt of the battle, and well might
Marlborough say in reply to the captured French marshal, who
at the close of the day congratulated him on having overcome
" the best troops in the world " : " Sir, I hope you will except
the troops by whom you have been defeated."
In 1706, the colours of the Bedfordshire waved triumphantly
on the field of Ramillies, where, in three hours, the armies
of France and Bavaria were driven in hendlong flight from
all their positions. They were again victorious at Oudenarde,
in 1708, where darkness alone saved the shattered relics of the
French from utter destruction : and yet again at Malplaquet,
the following year, where, notwithstanding the carefully
prepared defences of the French army, the close of a long day's
fight found it shattered and wrecked, and in full flight for the
shelter of the forest of Ardennes. Equally, as in the open field,
did the regiment sustain its gallant reputation in the arduous
labours and perils of a besieging army. At the capture of Lisle,
a strongly fortified town, garrisoned by 15,000 men, Sergeant
Littler of the regiment gained great renown by swimming a
river in the face of the enemy, and with a hatchet cutting the
fastenings of a drawbridge to enable the troops to cross. For
this daring act he was promoted to be an officer. At Tournay
the regiment took an active and distinguished part in the
underground struggles which the nature of the defence made
necessary, and amid mines and countermines, nobly main-
tained its courage and reputation. The regiment was sub-
sequently actively engaged in the sieges and movements by
which Marlborough gradually stripped France of all her care-
fully prepared defences, and when the allies were on the point
of devastating her fair provinces the French King sued for
peace.
In 1715, the regiment was in Scotland where the
Jacobites were in arms, but was not actively engaged. In
1741, a detachment of the regiment took part in the expedi-
tion against Carthagena, but, owing to the unhealthiness
of the climate of that part of South America, the at-
tempt failed, and the detachment was almost annihilated by
disease.
The regiment returned in 1742 to the scenes of its former
I services, and took part in the battle of Dettingen in 1743.
The bravery of the infantry in this engagement has never been
surpassed. The French themselves generously commended
! their bravery, and declared they saw them advancing, not like
men, but devils, in the face of the whole batteries, which fired
directly into them, sweeping down all ranks without being able
164
to break them. On the 28th June the regiment composed part
of a detachment of 4,000 men ordered to march to secure the
city of Ghent. The Royals, 16th, and 20th were the English
regiments in this service. The French planted 10,000 men in
ambuscade, in the direct road they were obliged to pass, and
when they arrived at the spot, two batteries of 8 and 10 guns
opened on them, after which the French troops presented
themselves in the order of battle, and were instantly attacked
with fury by the British, who forced a passage through them.
The regiment remained on the Continent until the peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748.
The next war service falling to the regiment was in 1779,
in Florida, where a detachment of the regiment was engaged with
an overpowering force of Spanish troops at Baton Rouge, and
forced to surrender ; but at Savannah, shortly afterwards, the
regiment made amends by taking part in a defence of deter-
mined gallantry, by which the attacks of a combined French
and American force were repulsed with great loss to the
assailants, the Bedfordshire men and the officers who com-
manded them gaining no little credit by a skilful sally during
the defence. In 1781, at Pensacola, in Florida, the 'regiment
had again to sustain an attack from an overwhelming force of
some 9,000 Spanish troops, supported by a numerous fleet.
Notwithstanding that the English mustered only 1,200 men,
a gallant defence was made, until a shell exploded the maga-
zine, when most of the defences were destroyed ; and even then
the brave garrison refused to surrender, except with all the
honours of war.
In 1795, the regiment rendered signal service to the planters
of Jamaica by defending them against the Maroons. These
were slaves who had escaped from their masters and had taken
refuge in the mountains and forests, from which they conducted
fierce marauding expeditions which made havoc among the
settlements. The operations of the regiment had to be carried
on in the wilder parts of the island where no European had
previously penetrated, but such was the skill and courage
displayed that, driven from post to post, the Maroons were^at
165
last brought to complete submission. In 1804, the regiment
was engaged in the capture of the Dutch colony of Surinam,
and while in garrison in the island a small party of the regi-
ment, under a subaltern officer, holding a detached post, was
attacked by a large force of predatory negroes and banditti,
but the attack was bravely repulsed, although not until the
greater part of the English force had died at their post. The
officer in command was afterwards presented with a valuable
sword by the colonists as a token of their gratitude for having
broken the power of these scourges of the colony.
The 2nd Battalion was formed on 15th March, 1858.
The 1st Battalion, whilst serving in India in 1892, received
orders to proceed on field service, the object being to punish
the Isazai Tribes who were harbouring Hashim Aii. Although
very little fighting took place, the expedition was allowed to
reckon as war service for all ranks, owing to the extreme hard-
ships undergone during the campaign.
In 1895 the regiment took part in the Chitral expedition,
formed for the relief of some of our Indian frontier posts which
had been beleaguered by the wild tribesmen. The Malakand
Pass was stormed and an action fought near the Swat Valley,
and, on the successful conclusion of the campaign, the services
of the regiment were recognised by the addition of the word
" Chitral " to the colours.
The next active service that fell to the lot of the regiment
was in the Boer War in 1899.
The 2nd Battalion sailed for South Africa on 16th December,
1899, and on disembarking at Port Elizabeth proceeded to
| Rensburg in Cape Colony to take part in the operations under
General French. The battalion was, however, only under his
orders for a few weeks, when he left for Orange River Station
to take command of the mounted troops who were intended
for the relief of Kimberley, and with him went nearly all the
mounted men in the command, including " A " Company
of the battalion, which went to form part of what was after-
| wards the famous 6th Mounted Infantry. The original
mounted infantry section, furnished by the regiment, under
166
Lieutenant Stevens, had already seen considerable service,
having arrived in South Africa two months before the
battalion.
General Clements now assumed command of the Colesberg
operations, and on the 9th February, 1900, our troops were
attacked at Rensburg on both flanks by an overwhelming
force of the Boers. Fighting continued until the 13th, and the
morning of the 14th found the whole command successfully
concentrated at Arundel, all ranks having earned the warm
praise of the General for their endurance and pluck.
On the 27th February the force under General Clements
again advanced, and, on the 15th March, crossed the Orange
River by a pontoon bridge constructed at daybreak that day.
The battalion then marched through the Western Orange River
Colony to Bloemfontein, where, by the 3rd of May, it had been
reinforced by various drafts from England, including the
volunteer service company under Captain Green.
On the 18th May, 1900, the battalion left Bloemfontein for
AVinburg, and from this date till the 3rd September, was
continually on the move, attached to various columns, and
took part in numerous fights, notably at Rietspruit, when
Lieutenant Fitzgerald and five men were severely wounded ;
at Senekal, on the 28th, 29th, and 30th June ; at Slabbert's
Nek ; and in the Wittebergen, from the 23rd July to the end
of the month, when its exertions were rewarded by the surrendei
of General Prinsloo and 4,000 Boers.
On the 27th August, the battalion entrained from Winburg
for Bloemfontein, but as the train moved off, heavy firing
commenced, which proved to be Commandant Olivier, with
1,500 men, attacking the town ; it was mainly owing to the
smart work of the leading companies of the Bedfordshire Regi-
ment that the Commandant together with his three sons were
captured. This action brought very warm praise from Lord
Roberts and General Hunter.
On the 3rd September, the battalion was told off to garrison
Thaba Nchu, and from the 5th September, when Colonel
Pilcher took over the command, until November the 7th, it
1(57
kept the Boers very busy day and night. A headquarter
mounted infantry company consisting of 100 men, backed up
by men in carts and wagons, was organised, and was ever ready
to reinforce any part of the line of posts which had been con-
structed and manned by men of the Bedfordshire Regiment,
from Thaba Nchu to Leeuw River Mills, a distance of 20 miles.
Many prisoners were at this time made by the local Bedfordshire
Mounted Infantry.
On the 16th November a small 'patrol under 2nd Lieutenant
Paxton was surrounded at Eden, a high hill, north-west of
Thaba Nchu, 2nd Lieutenant Paxton and three men being
killed, one severely wounded and two taken prisoners.
On the 14th of December at dawn, De Wet, with 3,400 men,
being driven by General Knox and Colonel Pilcher's columns
from the south (after his effort to invade Cape Colony), was
seen about three miles to the south of Hut Post, against which
the enemy advanced, but finding the fire too hot they turned
off west hoping to find an opening elsewhere, which at the fourth
attempt they did. In their passage, however, they had to
leave behind one 12-pounder, one pom-pom, 32 prisoners, 12
wagons, over 300 horses, and all their prisoners, except one
officer (Lieutenant Boyle, who was eventually murdered) ;
one officer of the Bedfordshires was wounded in this engagement.
On the 27th December, a draft of 70 N.C.O. and men
arrived from England and was sent to Kroom River, under
Lieutenant Wilmer. Here in an engagement on the 9th March,
Lieutenant Wilmer was wounded (he was killed in action some
12 months later), one sergeant and one man killed, and four
men wounded.
Private W. Tipton was promoted to be Corporal for good
conduct and gallantry on the occasion of the capture of a Boer
convoy at Rooival, Rustenburg District, 8th June, 1901 ; and
Sergeant F. Merritt was especially brought to the notice of the
Commander-in-Chief for gallantry and good leading in action
on the same occasion, and also on another occasion, when
he pursued a sniper four miles alone and eventually killed
him.
i
M
168
On the 19th September, the headquarter mounted infantry
was surrounded at Vlaakfontein, south of the waterworks,
Orange River Colony, and lost three killed and four wounded.
Corporal J. Simms was promoted Sergeant by order of the
Commander-in-Chief for coolness and courage on this occasion,
as was also Lance-Sergeant G. Sells, of the volunteer service
company, for the tenacity with which he held a position.
On the 27th October, 1901, the Battalion being still between
Thaba Nchu and Bloemfontein, four companies were ordered
to join Colonel Henry's Column, with which they remained till
the 28th April, 1902, being continually on the move through the
Transvaal, Orange River Colony, and Cape Colony, and in action
at Leeuwkop, Bassburg, and Camelfontein, besides several
smaller fights.
On the 13th and 14th November, the headquarter mounted
infantry, under Captain G. D. Jebb, captured 25 Boers of the
same commando who had captured them on the 19th September.
On April the 28th, 1902, the headquarters moved to Brand-
fort, where it stayed till peace was proclaimed on 31st May,
1902,
" A " Company of the battalion, which formed part of the
6th Mounted Infantry, was in the fight of Paardeberg, when
Captain Waldy, Lieutenant Selous, and Corporal Williams were
killed and six men wounded. It then proceeded from Paarde-
berg to Bloemfontein and thence to Johannesburg in the general
advance under Lord Roberts. It took part in the operations
at Pretoria, 5th June, 1900; Diamond Hill, llth and 12th
June ; Wittebergen, from 12th to 30th June ; and Bothaville,
9th November, when they captured 9 guns and 197 Boer wagons,
&c. It was also heavily engaged near Britstown, March, 1901,
and took a prominent part in the capture of De La Rey and
De Wet's laager, 6th June, 1901, when Lieutenant C. P. Strong
and five men were killed and Captain Finlay and nine men
wounded. Private Hill was promoted to Corporal for
gallantry on this occasion.
The 4th Battalion (Militia) also performed excellent service
in the campaign. It volunteered for active service, embarking
169
for South Africa on 27th February, 1900, and did not return
home until llth June, 1902. During its stay at the seat of
war, it did much good service in escorting convoys and in
guarding the safety of the long lines of communication on which
our armies depended. It saw service in all of the three
colonies, and furnished an excellent company of mounted
infantry. The following testimony of the general under whom
it served is sufficient to show how well its work was per-
formed :
" The General Officer Commanding, Western District, cannot
let the 4th Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment, leave his command
without expressing his admiration at their good conduct and
gallantry in the field during the time they have served under
his command. The battalion, helped by the. 3rd Battalion,
South Wales Borderers, supplied a company of mounted
infantry, which, for gallantry in the field and endurance of
continuous hardships was second to nothing in the division.
The high state of efficiency reached by these two fine battalions
is due to the high tone and knowledge of their duties which
exists amongst their officers and N.C.O., the men having
perfect confidence in their leaders."
The service companies furnished by the volunteers have
already been alluded to, and nothing is more certain than that
the regular army will look in future with confidence for. the
ready and welcome support of the militia and volunteers,
whenever circumstances may again furnish an opportunity.
The losses of the regiment during the campaign amounted
to 5 officers, 98 N.C.O. and men killed or died ; and 4 officers,
65 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The following distinctions have been bestowed on soldiers of
the regiment for their gallant conduct :
Victoria Cross.
Lieutenant H. Lysons. For gallantry in South Africa. 1879.
Medals for Distinguished Conduct in the Fidd.
Corporal W. H. Race. For gallantry at storming of Mala-
kand Pass.
M 2
170
South African Campaign, 1899-1902 :
Sergeant-Major H. Cressingham ; Quartermaster-Sergeant
J. Cummins; Sergeant F. Merritt ; Corporal G.
Finch ; Lance- Corporals G. Horner, H. Smith ; Pri-
vates J. Dimery, C. King.
4th Battalion (Militia). Sergeant-Major W. Bond ; Ser-
geant-Instructor D. Clark ; Colour- Sergeant F.
Shaubrook ; Privates H. Maylin, W. Maylin.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
17
THE
Leicestershire Regiment,
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Royal Tiger, superscribed " HINDOOSTAN,"
" LODISBDRG," "AFGHANISTAN," "GHDZNEE," " KHELAT," " SEVASTOPOL." " An MASJID,
"AFGHANISTAN, 1878-79,"
" SODTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "DEFENCE OF LADTSMITH."
JNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Dep6t Headquarters LEICESTER,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (Leicestershire Militia) . . . .
VOLUNTEER BATTALION :
1st .. .. .. .. Leicester.
Leicester.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJKBTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SOXS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WVMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND IJOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, llu, GKAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
173
THE LEICESTERSHIRE REGIMENT.
RAISED in 1688 by command of King James II, the Leicester-
shire Regiment saw its first war service in the campaigns waged
by King William III against Louis XIV of France, and at this
early period of its existence gave ample promise of the fame it
was'to win in after years. At the siege of Namur, in 1695, the
capture of which strongly fortified town is considered King
William's greatest achievement, the Leicestershire Regiment
was selected to lead the assault, and with drums beating and
the colours flying, advanced in gallant style and proved its
devotion to duty at the cost of the colonel, and 250 officers and
soldiers who were killed or wounded.
In the earlier part of Marlborough's campaigns the regiment
was engaged in the capture of the various fortified places in
Flanders, by which the great General prepared the way for
his future triumphs, but in these triumphs the regiment was
not fortunate enough to participate, as it was ordered to Spain,
where it served with equal gallantry but unequal success. The
campaigns in Spain, though illumined for a short time by the
genius and brilliancy of the erratic Earl of Peterborough,
ultimately failed owing to the apathy of our allies.
At Ahnanza the British forces sustained a severe reverse,
being deserted by the Portuguese. They fought, however,
with such desperate courage against overwhelming numbers,
that the Leicestershire Regiment mustered after the battle
but 266 officers and men.
In 1715, the regiment was engaged at the battle of Sherifi-
muir, in Scotland, an action which practically ended the rebel-
lion on behalf of the Old Pretender. In 1758, it took part
174
in the siege and capture of Louisburg. the capital of Cape
Breton, a feat which really heralded the conquest of Canada, as
it deprived the French of the harbours, dockyards and arsenals,
which formed the base of their power in North America.
Continuing its victorious career on the mainland, the regiment
was with the force which made its way through pathless woods,
over lake and stream, to Ticonderago, where they drove away
the French and their ruthless Eed Indian allies, and by the
capture of Montreal, in 1760, completed the work which trans-
ferred the sovereignty of North America from France to
England. In the ensuing year the regiment was distinguished
by its conduct at the capture of several West Indian islands,
and of Havannah, in the Island of Cuba, a valuable possession
which was wrested from the Spanish, but afterwards exchanged
for Florida.
During the American War of Independence the regiment
experienced all the vicissitudes of that unfortunate contest,
but whatever were the omissions and blunders of that war,
the British soldier on his part did his duty in the midst of
much hardship and suffering with a gallantry and endurance
which were the admiration even of his opponents.
One exploit of the Leicestershire Regiment during the
campaign must be mentioned. In January, 1777, it had been
ordered from Princetown to join Lord Cornwall's at Trenton,
and left its station for this purpose early in the morning of
the 4th of that month. Washington, however, had been
informed by his spies of the movement, and rapidly threw
himself with the whole American Army in the path of the
regiment. Fog prevented the English from seeing the force
of their opponents, and on meeting the van of the opposing
force they instantly attacked it, but speedily found themselves
enveloped and surrounded by the American Army. Retreat
was impossible, and surrender not to be thought of, and with
a well justified confidence in the valour and resolution of his
men, the colonel ordered the regiment to break through the
enemy with the bayonet. Undismayed by the multitude of
their opponents, the regiment rushed upon the ranks of the
enemy, bore down all opposition, and triumphantly continued
its march.
In 1799, the regiment was engaged against the French
republicans in Holland, and in 1804 proceeded to India, where,
during a period of 18 years, it took a distinguished part in
building up our mighty Indian Empire, and its services were
specially acknowledged by the grant of the badge of the
175
" Royal Tiger," and the word " Hindoostan," " in lasting testi-
mony of the exemplary conduct of the corps." After a com-
paratively short period of home service the regiment was again
in India, this time to win fresh laurels amid the rocky mountains
and wastes of Afghanistan. In 1838, it marched with the
army which forced its way through Scinde, the hostile cities
of Hyderabad and Kurrachee being captured on the way.
Arriving in Afghanistan, Kandahar was taken possession of,
and, proceeding onwards, the army found itself, in 1839,
before the walls of Ghuznee, a fortress of great strength, and
garrisoned by 3,000 Afghans. The Leicestershire Regiment
had the honour of leading the assault on the citadel, and its
colours were soon waving triumphantly from the summit of
the fortress. Returning to India, the services of the regiment
were at once required against the treacherous Khan of Khelat.
The gate of his fortress was blown open, and the Leicestershire
Regiment with their brave comrades charged the 2,000 defen-
ders, and after a short but desperate struggle the last hostile
stronghold of Beloochistan had fallen, and the Khan and his
chiefs were lying dead in its ruins. " Afghanistan," " Ghuz-
nee," and " Khelat," on the colours of the regiment, are the
record of the gallantry and fortitude of the regiment during
these campaigns.
In 1841, the Arabs at Aden experienced the courage and
efficiency of the regiment, which marched 40 miles on the
sandy plains oi Arabia in 22 hours, including an engagement
of two hours, in which the hostile Arabs were dispersed. In
the trenches before Sevastopol, and at the fierce assault of
the Redan, the regiment gallantly earned " Sevastopol " for
its colours, and the coveted Victoria Cross was gained in this
campaign by a Corporal of the regiment.
In 1878, the regiment was again in a field of war, where
40 years before it had gained distinction, and in the Afghan
campaign of 1878-79 it showed that the colours of the regiment
were in the keeping of men no less brave than their predecessors.
The regiment was engaged at the capture of Ah' Masjid,
and was greatly distinguished at the action of Futtehabad,
losing, however, a gallant subaltern, who, dashing far in ad-
vance of his men in a gallant effort to capture an Afghan
standard, fell covered with wounds before support could reach
him. Throughout the campaign the regiment earned the
highest praise, and was specially commended by Sir Samuel
Browne for " its cood discipline and the heartiness with which
it entered into any work it had to do." " Afghanistan 1878-9 "
176
and " Ali Masjid," form a permanent record on the colours
of its gallantry and efficiency.
The next field service of the regiment was given in Burmah,
where much hard service in marches and petty skirmishes with
the dacoits, was required to teach the turbulent villagers that
order must reign supreme throughout the British Empire.
The outbreak of the Boer war found the regiment serving in
Natal, and it was accordingly one of those upon which the first
brunt of the storm broke. Under the gallant Sir William Penn
Symons it took part in the successful engagement at Talana
Hill, on 20th October, 1899, but although this was a British
victory, the rapidly converging Boer armies made it necessary
to withdraw the small force from Dundee before it was over-
whelmed by numbers. Marching at night it made its way to
Ladysmith, a distance of some 60 or 70 miles, through a rough
country in the pelting rain, with the enemy closing in fast
around them, and to the Leicestershire Regiment fell the
honourable task of forming the rear guard during this perilous
but successful march.
On the 30th October the regiment took part in the battle of
Ladysmith, and then for 121 days they, with their gallant
comrades held the open town of Ladysmith against the bulk
of the Boer army. The defence of Ladysmith under Sir George
White, forms one of the proudest feats of the British Army, and
the endurance and valour of its brave garrison were of inestim-
able importance to the welfare of the British Empire. In the
course of the siege no less than 16,000 shells are calculated to
have fallen upon them, they repulsed two assaults, and made
two successful sorties, and one-tenth of the garrison had given
their lives for their country before the gallant relieving force
made their entry. The wasted and weakened ranks of the
Ladysmith garrison, which lined up to greet Sir Redvers
Buller's men as they marched in, bore an eloquent testimony to
the privations and danger of the noble defence they had made.
Under Sir Redvers Buller the Leicestershire men, rested and
restored, advanced from Ladysmith to carry the war into the
enemy's country. They took part in the operations which
compelled the Boers to abandon their strongly fortified position
at Laing's Nek, and were present at the taking of Amersfort,
at Ermelo, and the attack and capture of Belfast.
They also shared in the successful operations around Lyden-
berg in September, 1900, when after much hard work in a wild
and mountainous country, the main army of the Boers was
dispersed and President Kruger driven from South Africa.
177
Towards the close of the war the regiment again experienced
much difficult work, when, under Sir John French, it was chasing
and harassing the various bands of Boers who took refuge in
the wild and broken country between the Delagoa Bay and
Natal railways, a work it is needless to say, which was satis-
factorily and cheerfully performed.
The 3rd Battalion (Militia) volunteered for the war in South
Africa on the 24th February, 1902, and proceeded to Burghers-
dorp, where it did good service in the blockhouse line between
that place and Knapdaar, until the cessation of hostilities.
The 1st Volunteer Battalion, Leicestershire Regiment,
furnished a service company in February, 1900, which, under
the command of Captain W. A. Harrison, joined the regiment
on the 24th March, at Colenso, and was present at the attack
of positions at Ingogo, Amersfort and Bergendal (Belfast), and
the operations round Lydenberg. A second service company
was sent out to South Africa on 23rd March, 1901, and joined
the Leicestershire Regiment at Middelburg on the 3rd of May,
when it took part in the operations against Ben Viljoen, roun<l
Vryheid, in October, 1901.
The following soldiers of the regiment have gained special
distinctions for their gallant conduct on the field of battle :
Victoria Cross.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Lance-Sergeant Philip Smith,
for distinguished courage in rescuing the wounded after the
assault on the Redan.
Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant T. Pegg ;
Corporals J. Gurney, J. Hutchinson, C. Yeomanson, R. Ander-
son ; Privates R. Brown, F. Foreman, J. Hanley, P. Huddleston,
W. Harriott, J. Mills, W. Pinkney, T. Weare, J. Bourke, and
T. Code.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Colour-Sergeants
A. Wood, G. Jones ; Corporals M. P. Gillespie, C. Harris (now
C. Smart), J. Withers ; Lance-Corporal J. Bradshaw ; Privates
R. Allen, F. T. Green.
Specially Promoted.
Corporal A. H. Modley ; Privates S. Johnson, and F. Ward.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
ROYAL IRISH RECIMENT,
BADGES AND MOTTO.
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181
THE ROYAL IRISH REGIMENT.
THIS old and gallant corps, the oldest of the Irish regiments
in the service, was raised in Ireland in 1684, although it was
not incorporated in the British Army until 1688. In 1692
it proceeded to Flanders where, during the campaign which
William III waged against the French, it speedily showed
the daring valour for which it has ever been distinguished.
At the taking of Namur, the greatest achievement of King
William's campaigns, the regiment, we are told, performed
" prodigies of valour." On the 20th August, 1695, it was
called upon to support the Grenadiers of the army, who,
in accordance with the custom of the time, were to lead an
attack on the breach. The regiment was, however, stationed
half a mile away, and before it could arrive on the scene, the
Grenadiers had been beaten back by the tremendous fire of
the defenders. Undaunted, however, by the failure of those
whom they were to support, the Irishmen swept forward, and
pressing through the tempest of fire, and surging over the
ruins of the breach, they never paused until the colours of the
regiment were waving triumphantly from the summit of the
breach, amidst the cheers of the survivors. This gallant feat,
performed under the eyes of the King, won for the regi-
ment the distinguished title of the Royal Regiment of Foot of
Ireland, a title subsequently changed for its present more con-
venient form of " The Royal Irish Regiment." In addition to
the title, the gratified monarch conferred his own arms on the
iregiment, with the motto, : * Virtutis Namurcensis Prsemium."
; To show that its first distinction was not cheaply won, it
ishould be mentioned that the regiment had 296 officers and
soldiers killed or wounded on this occasion. In 1701 the
Jregiment was again in Flanders, and, under the command of
182
the celebrated Duke of Marlborough, nobly sustained its gal-
lant reputation throughout the battles and sieges which shat-
tered the warlike power of France, and on its ruins reared an
imperishable monument to the genius of the commander, and
the valour of the British soldier. The names of " Blenheim,"
" Ramillies," " Oudenarde " and " Malplaquet," on the colours
of the regiment, tell of its share in that glorious quartette of
victories, although it leaves unrecorded the desperate and
gallant work it performed in the many sieges successfully
undertaken by Marlborough's army. At the siege of Venloo,
for instance, the Royal Irish Regiment, supported by parties
from other corps, was ordered to drive the enemy from an
outwork of Fort St. Michael, and performed the duty with such
gallant courage that, not content with seizing the outwork, they
followed its flying defenders, sword in hand, into the ravelin and
across the moat to the ramparts of the fortress, when the
dismayed garrison laid down its arms and surrendered, victors
and vanquished being alike astonished at the rapidity of this
success. At the siege of Tournay, celebrated for its under-
ground defences, the regiment lost heavily by the explosion of
the enemy's mines, and in the work of countermining, a party of
the regiment was suffocated in the subterranean galleries,
while others were killed in the desperate combats which took
place underground between the opposing parties of miners ;
when the pick and shovel had to be hastily left for the sword
and pistol. A curious incident occurred at the battle of Mal-
plaquet. In the course of the battle the regiment found itself
engaged in a musketry conflict with a regiment of the French
Army, which, however, after a short time broke before the
discipline and resolution of the Royal Irish, and took shelter in
a wood. On advancing to the place it had occupied, it was
ascertained from the wounded men left on the ground that it
was the " Royal Regiment of Ireland," in the service of the
King of France.
After its heroic efforts during Marlborough's campaigns,
the regiment rested on its laurels until the American War of
Independence, in the early stages of which, including the first
fight at Lexington, the regiment took part. In 1793 it formed
part of a small force which was sent to Toulon, and which
held that town for two months against an enemy of four
times its number. This siege is memorable from the fact that
the great Napoleon here made his first acquaintance with the
British soldier, and was wounded by a bayonet thrust in one
of the sorties. In 1794 the regiment captured Corsica, and in
183
1801 proceeded to Egypt under Sir Ralph Abercromby, where
it formed part of the gallant force which compelled Napoleon's
vaunted Army of the East to evacuate Egypt, and at a critical
time showed the cowed nations of Europe that the French
were not invincible. For its services in Egypt the Royal
Irish Regiment was especially commended by Sir Ralph
Abercromby, and the badge of the Sphinx and the word
" Egypt " were emblazoned on its colours.
In 1840 the regiment was called upon to measure its
strength against the mighty Empire of China. Confident in
their enormous numbers, and unacquainted with the valour and
discipline of the Western " barbarians," the Chinese laughed
at the small force sent to bring them to reason, but their con-
fidence was rudely shattered when the " barbarians," reckless
of odds, scattered their armies and stormed their towns with
startling rapidity. At Canton, Amoy, Chusan, and Ningpo,
the Royal Irish Regiment was ever among the first to dash at
the hordes of the enemy, and by the time the Chinese rulers
craved for peace the regiment had greatly added to its dis-
tinguished reputation. Its services in this campaign are com-
memorated on its colours by the badge of the " Dragon," and
the word " China." Hong Kong was added to 'the British
possessions as the fruit of this campaign. After China came
hard service in " Burmah," where the regiment won " Pegu "
for its colours, and then followed the wintry campaign in the
Crimea, where, in the trenches before the frowning walls of
Sebastopol, and in the fierce assault on the Redan, the regiment
lost many a gallant Irish heart, its total loss in this service
reaching the appalling figure of 369 officers and men killed and
wounded. " Sevastopol," however, records on the colours
the fact that they did not die in vain. The Maories, in New
Zealand, were the next foes the Royal Irish had to encounter,
and much hard and perilous service ensued before the fortified
and stockaded " Pahs," hidden amid bush and forest, yielded
to the discipline and courage of the troops. In both the
Crimean and New Zealand campaigns officers and men of the
regiment won the soldier's greatest prize the Victoria Cross.
In 1879 the regiment was in Afghanistan, and, although
not fortunate enough to take part in the more important
actions, fairly earned by its conduct and arduous duties the
distinction of " Afghanistan " for its colours. In the Egyptian
campaign of 1882, and the Nile campaign of 1884-5, the
regiment showed that its warm Irish courage and dash were as
conspicuous as ever. Under the command of Lord Wolseley
N
184
the regiment was in the thrilling night march across the desert
to Tel el Kebir, and when at last the Egyptian entrenchments
loomed before them in the grey of the early dawn, the assault
was delivered, and in the words of Lord Wolseley, " The
Eoyal Irish Kegiment particularly distinguished itself by its
dash, and the manner in which it closed with the enemy." In
the Nile expedition the regiment again signally distinguished
itself by winning Lord Wolseley's prize for the best boat work
done during that arduous but unsuccessful race to reach
Khartoum in time to rescue the heroic Gordon. In 1888
the regiment was in the Black Mountain expedition, and at
Kot Kai the wild tribesmen to their cost made the acquaintance
of the men of the Royal Irish Regiment.
In 1896 a mounted infantry detachment of the regiment
took part in the expedition organised to put down the rising
of the natives in Rhodesia, and the following year the Tirah
Campaign called the 2nd battalion to active service amid
the wild scenery of the north-west frontier of India. It took
part in the relief of Fort Lockhart and the operations on the
Samana and in the Bara Valley.
The Boer War next furnished the Royal Irish with an
opportunity for gaining fresh distinction. They landed in
South Africa in January, 1900, and until peace was proclaimed
in May, 1902, were continuously at the front, being frequently
mentioned in orders for their excellent work, admirable
marching powers and wonderful spirit and endurance during
the most trying of times.
Space will not permit the many and varied operations
in which the regiment took part to be recounted in detail, and
it must suffice to mention one or two episodes of the campaign
where the well-known dash of the regiment was particularly
conspicuous.
After performing excellent service in the operations around
Colesberg which baffled the invasion of Cape Colony by the
Boers, the regiment found itself under General Clements
opposite the town of Bethlehem, where, on the hills surrounding
the town the Boers had strongly intrenched themselves. The
Royal Irish were ordered to attack the centre of the position,
and without hesitation the regiment went forward in the face
of a severe fire. 40 or 50 men were shot, but nothing could
check the ardour of the regiment, and as they neared the crest
the Boers fled down the reverse slope of the ridge. On the
top of the hill was found a British ]5-pounder gun which had
been lost in the Stormberg disaster, and which the Royal
185
Irish now had much pleasure in restoring to the gallant
artillerymen.
They next distinguished themselves by the capture of
Slabberts Nek, in the " Wittebergen," in July, 1900. This
post was of vital importance to the Boers under General
Prinsloo, as its loss meant their eventual capture or annihila-
tion, and, recognising this fact, they had fortified it elaborately,
and a first attack had been made unsuccessfully.
Under cover of darkness it was resolved to attempt a
surprise, and four companies of the Royal Irish and two of 1 he
Wiltshire Regiment were selected for the enterprise. Over
the precipitous rocks with the utmost silence and caution
the men climbed, sometimes crawling on their hands and
knees in places where a false step would have meant being
dashed to pieces on the rocks below. At last their goal
was reached, and the enemy, being completely surprised,
hastily fled, leaving the key of the position in the hands of
our men. Within a week afterwards General Prinsloo and
over 4,000 of his Boers surrendered themselves prisoners
of war.
The taking of Lydenberg and the arduous march to Komati
Poort must be passed over, but the heroic defence of Belfast
demands more particular mention.
This town was defended by a series of little isolated forts
making a perimeter of some 15 miles. Taking advantage of
the thick mist, the Boers made a sudden and desperate on-
slaught on a post held by Captain Fosbery and his company of
the Royal Irish. Fighting against overwhelming odds, in a
short time Captain Fosbery and half his men were killed or
wounded and the post was captured, but not before Private
Barry had earned the Victoria Cross by his splendid courage
in endeavouring, though wounded more than once, to render
his maxim gun useless to the enemy.
This gun, it is pleasing to know, did not remain in the
hands of the Boers, as not long afterwards it was recaptured
and was presented by the Government to the Royal Irish as
a token of their valour.
Much good and gallant service was rendered by the mounted
infantry of the regiment, as the inborn love of every Irishman
; for a horse made this work especially congenial to them, but
space only permits our saying that their work, as well as
i that of the volunteer company which shared the hardships
i and successes of the regiment, was carried out with a spirit
worthy of the best traditions of the regiment.
N 2
186
During the war the regiment lost 5 officers, 45 N.C.O. and
men killed in action or died of wounds, 1 officer, 35 N.C.O.
and men died of wounds, disease, &c., and 7 officers and 133
N.C.O. and men were wounded.
The following officers and soldiers of the regiment have been
awarded special distinctions for acts of gallantry on the field
of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
Captain Thomas Esmonde. Crimean Campaign, 1854-5.
Captain Hugh Shaw. New Zealand Campaign, 1865.
Private John Barry. South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant Henry Burton ;
Corporals McEgan, Thos. Murphy; Privates N. O'Neill,
Robt. Marshall, Edwin Erwin, Richd. Baglin, Thaddeus
Flannery, Willm. Major, Henry Forrest, James McGuinness,
No. 2830 Patrick Whelan, John Sessman, No. 3521 Patrick
Whelan.
New Zealand Campaign, 1865. Private John Brandon,
George Clampit, James Kearnes, John Graham, John Henni-
gan, James Acton.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Sergeant Edwd. O'Donnell.
South African Campaign, 1899-190?. Sergeant-Major J.
Bergin ; Sergeants T. Connelly, H. Loney, J. O'Conner ;
Corporals P. Doyle, E. Lovely ; Lance-Corporals P. Dunphy,
W. Tytherleigh ; Privates T. Baker, M. Maher, J. Murphy,
J. Radigan, W. Sweeney.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
19
ALEXANDRA,
PRINCESS OF WALES'S OWN
(YORKSHIRE REGIMENT),
BADGES.
The White Rose.
The Princess of Wales's Cypher and Coronet.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
"MALPLAQUET," "ALMA," "JNKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "TIKAH,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1890-1902," "BELIEF OF KIMBERLEY," " PAARDEBERG."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS GRASS GREEN.
Depot Headquarters RICHMOND,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (5th West York Militia) . . . . . . . . Richmond.
4th Battalion (North York Militia) . . . . . . . . Richmond.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS:
1. 1st ,. .. North allerton. \ 2. 2nd .. .. Scarborough.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MAUTIX'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, froTi
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND I50YD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, IIG.GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
189
ALEXANDRA, PRINCESS OF WALES'S OWN
(Yorkshire Regiment).
THIS distinguished regiment was raised in 1688 to assist the
Prince of Orange, afterwards William III, on his being invited
to this country to preserve its religion and liberties. Its first
war service was in Flanders, where, in 1692, it fought at
Steinkirk and in the following year at Landen, and in 1695
was present at the siege and capture of Narnur, the crowning
achievement of King William's foreign campaigns.
In the meantime another regiment raised by the gallant
Erie in 1689, became, in 1691, the second battalion. It
fought all through the Irish War, at the Boyne and Aughrim,
being particularly distinguished in the latter engagement.
This battalion was disbanded in 1697, after the peace of
Utrecht. In 1702 the original battalion was engaged in an
expedition against Cadiz, and the next year had severe fighting
in the West Indies. In 1707 it was sent to Flanders, where it
participated in 1709 in the most sanguinary of Marlborough's
victories, the battle of Malplaquet, besides engaging in several
of the sieges which constituted the latter part of that great
commander's campaigns.
At the siege of Douay in 1710, so desperate was the work
the regiment was called upon to do that it had no fewer than
312 officers and men killed and wounded. In 1745 the regiment
fought at Fontenoy, a battle where, notwithstanding the
heroism with which the British fought, full of the recollection
of Marlborough's victories, the failure of their Dutch allies
brought disaster upon them, and the regiment left 109 officers
and men on the battlefield. In 1746 it took part in the action
at Roucoux, where a gallant defence was made against a force
six times as strong ; and the following year distinguished
itself at Val or Lauffeld, where again, opposed to very
190
superior numbers, the British soldiers refused to recognise
the hopelessness of the contest until ordered to retreat. The
Yorkshire Regiment lost 160 officers and men from its ranks,
a striking testimony to the determined valour with which it
had fought.
It was about this time that the regiment became known
as the Green Howards, a name that is still very popular with
all ranks. This was to distinguish it from another regiment
commanded by a Colonel of the same name, Howard, the
facings being added as a distinction. In 1751 it was ranked as
the 19th regiment.
In 1761 the regiment was employed in the capture of Belle
Isle, a strongly fortified island belonging to France, off the
coast of Brittany.
In 1781 the 19th proceeded to South Carolina and took
part in severe righting towards the close of the American War.
In 1782 the regiment became the " 19th or First Yorkshire
North Riding." It formed part of the army in 1794-5
which endured almost unexampled hardships and privations-
in the winter's campaign against the French in Holland, a
campaign in which the English were vastly outmatched in
numbers and which was only redeemed by the gallant action
at Tournay, where the French General Pichegru, with 50,000
men, attacked the British Army of 30,000, but was com-
pletely foiled by the steadiness and determination of the
English.
In 1799 the regiment, while stationed in Ceylon, sent five
companies to India to take part in the campaign against
Tippoo Sahib, who seriously menaced the British power
in India. After a desperate defence, Seringapatam was
taken by assault, and the fierce Tippoo was slain, fighting in
the defence of his last refuge. Although Ceylon had been
taken from the Dutch in 1796, it was soon found that they had
possessed only the sea coast region, while the interior, almost
inaccessible to the European, was under the sway of a native
king who reigned at his capital of Kandy. In 1803 the atrocities
of this monarch called the regiment into the field, and a force
penetrated to the capital, where a treaty was set on foot by the
native ruler. When, however, the small British force had been
by this means lulled into a feeling of security, it was
suddenly surrounded by a mass of hostile natives and, with
the exception of a few individuals, the whole detachment,
including 178 officers and men of the Yorkshire Regiment,
were barbarously murdered. The remainder of the regiment
191
was speedily in the field to avenge its slaughtered comrades,
and much perilous and harassing work fell to its lot in the
operations which followed ; but an ample retribution was
exacted from the treacherous people. In 1809 the regiment
proceeded to India to take part in the operations against the
Rajah of Travancore, whose country was taken possession of
and the Rajah was forced to submit to the British Government.
The regiment returned to Ceylon on the termination of the
expedition. In 1810 four companies took part in the capture
of the Mauritius.
Although the British Government had carefully respected
the treaty rights of the King of Kandy, the cruelties and
oppressions of that ruler drove his subjects into rebellion in
1815, and an invasion of British territory again brought the
Green Howards into the field against him. Once more the
regiment had to traverse the wildest regions of the island to
penetrate the interior, and on arriving at the capital the
King was handed over to the British force by his own ex-
asperated subjects and an assembly of chiefs deposed him and
handed over the country to be united to the British dominions.
The whole of the valuable island of Ceylon, with its varied and
costly natural productions, was thus added to the British
Empire.
Many years elapsed before the regiment was again called
into action, and it was not till 1854 that it next had an oppor-
tunity of gaining fresh laureK Then came the stern work of
the Crimean Campaign, at the close of which the regiment
had earned for its colours " Alma," " Inkerman " and " Sevas-
topol." Although the majority of the men were in action for
the first time in their lives, the regiment made the trying
ascent of the heights of the Alma in the face of the Russian
bullets, with the regularity and firmness of a parade. At
Inkerman they shared the glories of that soldier's battle
where 8,000 British troops, aided later in the day by 6,000 of
the French, gallantly kept the heights of Inkerman against a
Russian force four times as great ; and in the trenches before
Sevastopol, as well as at the final assault of the Redan, officers
and men alike nobly upheld the reputation of the regiment.
In 1857 the North Riding Regiment proceeded to India
in time to aid in stamping out the embers of the great Mutiny.
In 18C8 it took part in the expedition of that year against
the tribesmen of the Black Mountain, and was thanked for its
services by the Viceroy of India.
The presentation of new colours to the regiment by the
192
Princess of Wales afforded in 1875 an opportunity of recognising
the long established merit of this distinguished corps by the
title of " The Princess of Wales's Own."
In Lord Wolseley's campaign on the Nile in 1884-85, the
regiment was employed in guarding the communications,
and on the 30th December, 1885, under the command of
Sir F. Stephenson, fought in the engagement at Giniss, as the
result of which the forces of the Mahdi were hurled back
broken into the desert, and Egypt saved from the desolation of
an Arab conquest.
A second battalion, raised in 1858, was engaged in the
Tirah Campaign of 1897-98 on the Punjab Frontier, where it
earned universal praise by its splendid righting qualities. In
this campaign, which lasted six months, the men suffered
great hardships and were under fire from the Afridis almost
daily. The battalion had 50 officers and men killed and
wounded.
The 1st Battalion was called to the front in the late South
African War in the winter of 1899. It took the field at Coles-
berg early in the next year, and after fighting for a month in
this district was transferred to Modder River and accompanied
Lord Roberts on his march to Bloemfontem, taking a leading
part in the relief of Kirnberley.
In the magnificent march which headed off the fierce Cronje
at Paardeberg, the Yorkshires were well to the front, and in
the action of the 18th February, 1900, the regiment did
splendid work in driving the Boers from their defences on the
river bank and penning them into closer quarters, in which
the artillery fire could have greater effect. The surrender of
Cronje and over 4,000 Boers on the 27th February repaid them
for their losses in the action, which amounted to 161 officers
arid men killed and wounded.
Again, marching with the Commander-in-Chief the regiment
was in action at Drief ontein and was with the leading troops at
the entry of Johannesburg and Pretoria. In the advance to the
Eastern Transvaal the battalion was engaged at the battles of
Diamond Hill and Belfast, and marching into the Crocodile
Valley remained in this unhealthy district for a year, after
which it was stationed at Pretoria, Ladysmith and Elands-
fontein, guarding the communications to the end of the war.
The total losses of the regiment during the campaign
amounted to 1 officer, 150 N.C.O. and men killed or died of
wounds, disease, &c., and 11 officers and 132 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
193
Since the South African War no account of the services of
the regiment can be complete without reference to the splendid
service rendered at the time by the militia and volunteers of
the regiment.
The 3rd Battalion volunteered for active services and
embarked for South Africa in February, 1900, where for over
two years it did excellent service in the harassing and often
dangerous duty of guarding the long line of communications
on which the safety and success of our armies depended. The
services of the 4th Battalion were not called for until February,
1902, when it was also asked to volunteer. Doing so
almost to a man, it embarked on llth March and at once
proceeded to man a line of blockhouses, and so remained until
peace was concluded. The volunteer service company also
rendered much good service, sharing as they did with excellent
spirit the hardships and dangers of their comrades of the
tegular forces.
The Yorkshire Kegiment was subsequently represented in
the Somaliland Field Force by 2 officers and 60 men who
formed one-half of the British mounted infantry serving
with it.
The following is a list of soldiers of the regiment who have
won special distinctions on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
In Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Privates Samuel Evans and
John Lyons.
At the battle of Paardeberg, 18th February, 1900. Sergeant
A. Atkinson.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
For gallantry in the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeants-
Major P. Campion, J. Magner ; Colour-Sergeant D. Bell;
Corporals J. Austin, H. Mitchell, H. McClister, T. Donaghoe ;
Privates F. Collins, P. Brown, J. Watson, M. Kenehan, W.
Siddle, J. Glennon, I. Wilcocks, T. Mullaney, P. Smiley,
and N. Barr.
For gallantry in the Tirah Campaign, 1898. Colour-
Sergeant M. H. Himlan ; Lance- Corporals John Mathers,
F. A. W. Brunton ; Privates James Purvis, H. G. Dangerfield.
194
For gallantry during the South African Campaign, 1899-
1902. Sergeants-Major J. Walker, G. J. Smith ; Quarter
master-Sergeant J. Lowther; Colour-Sergeants E. Pickard
B. Williams ; Sergeants H. Parkinson, J. Conroy, A. Couldrey
H. Wilson ; Corporal G. F. Collins ; Lance-Corporals G. T
Atkinson, H. Beecroft, J. M. Hyland, W. Philpot ; Privates
H. Edmonds, F. Eyre, J. Hayes, W. Pearson, W. Usher anc
E. Carss.
GOD SAVE THE KING,
The Lancashire Fusiliers,
BADGE AND MOTTO.
The Red Eose. " Oiiinia Av.iln.i-."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT," " DETTINGEN," " MINDEN," " EGMONT-OP-ZEE,"" MAIDA,"
" VlMlERA," " CORUNNA," " VlTTOEIA," "PYRENEES," " ORTHES," " TOULOUSE,"
"PENINSULA," "ALMA," " INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," " LUCKNOW," "KHARTOUM,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "RELIEF OF LADTSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters BURY,
MILITIA :
5th and 6th Battalions (7th Koyal Lancashire Militia) .. .. Bury.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1- 1st Bury. \ 2. 2nd .. .. Rochdale.
3. 3rd Salfonl.
LONDON.-
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFIOB,
BY HARBISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE; B.C.. or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
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197
THE LANCASHIRE FUSILIERS.
THE Lancashire Fusiliers were raised in 1688, and first fought
in the Irish campaign against the deposed James II and his
Irish-French army.
In 1702, the services of the regiment were required abroad,
and in the course of that year it participated in attacks on
Cadiz and Guadaloupe ; then followed service in Portugal
where the regiment shared the glory earned by the British
troops, by their splendid stand at the battle of La Gudina.
In 1726 the regiment took part in a successful defence
of the famous Rock of Gibraltar, then besieged for the thir-
teenth time. At Dettingen in 1743, the regiment gained
the first of the glorious roll of victories emblazoned on its
colours. " Dettingen," the last battle in which a British
monarch commanded an army on the field of battle, in its
circumstances recalls the ancient victory of Agincourt. The
British, fewer in number than their enemies, and in a position
where, according to all rules of warfare, nothing but absolute
and inevitable destruction awaited them, nevertheless inflicted
a severe defeat on their enemies, and destroyed a large force
of the best cavalry of France. Two years after, the regiment
was at Fontenoy, showing the same valour as at Dettingen,
but owing to the defection of the Dutch, the British
troops were forced to retire. The regiment was then brought
home hastily to meet the Highland clans in the rebellion of
1745, and took part in the battle of Culloden, which gave the
finishing stroke to the hopes of the Young Pretender. In 1749,
Wolfe, the hero of Quebec, was appointed to the regiment, and
served with it for eight years, during which time he impressed
his gallant and devoted spirit upon the already high character
of this distinguished corps, a spirit which was fully manifested
at the battle of Minden in 1759.
The British at Minden formed hardly one-fourth of the
force under the command of the Duke of Brunswick, but upon
them fell the brunt of the fight. The six regiments of British
198
infantry were in the centre of the allied force, and advancing
with cool and resolute courage through a cross fire from the
enemy's artillery, they received and shattered the charge of the
10,000 French horse, upon whom the hopes of the enemy
rested, and made it easy for their allies to drive the rest oi
the enemy from the field. " It was here," said the Duke oj
Brunswick years afterwards, " that the British infantry
gained immortal glory." Out of the total loss of the
allied army, one-half was from the British force, the
Lancashire Fusiliers having alone 321 officers and mec
killed and wounded. In addition to the name of the
victory, a laurel wreath was ordered to be worn on the colours
and appointments, and the colonel was appointed an Aide-
de-Camp to the Duke of Brunswick in recognition of the
gallant services of the regiment. On the day after Minder
the regiment was excused from duty " in consequence o]
its severe losses," but two days afterwards was ordered to
resume duty " at its own request," the officers and men having
assured the General that their spirit would replace the loss oi
their comrades. This gallant spirit was fully shown in the
subsequent battles of the Seven Years' War. At " Warburg,"
" Kirch Denkern," and " Wilhemstahl," the regiment, in com-
mon with its gallant fellows, displayed a courage so devoted
that their loss was out of all proportion compared with that of
their allies, and caused the German historian of this campaign
to exclaim " Braver troops you will not find in the world,
that is a truth." In the American War of Independence, the
Lancashire Fusiliers nobly bore their share until the day of
Saratoga, when environed by five times its number of foes, and
worn out by toil and privation, General Burgoyne's army
surrendered to the Americans.
The next war service of the regiment was in San Domingo
in 1792-6, and the result of battle and pestilence there left
only 6 officers and 70 N.C.O. and men to return to England.
Restored after a year or two at home, it next formed part of
the force which invaded Holland under Sir Ralph Abercromby
to check the French army there. At Krabbendam the regi-
ment, despite the fact that it was almost wholly composed of
recruits, was given the defence of an important post, which was
fiercely assaulted with all the frenzy of the French republicans,
but so early had the men imbibed the gallant spirit of the regi-
ment that " Remember Minden," their colonel's rallying cry,
raised an enthusiasm which drove the French in headlong rout
before it, and shortly afterwards earned the distinction
199
" Egmont-op-Zee," for the colours by their conduct at that
action. In Egypt, in 1801, the regiment gallantly captured the
enemy's outposts at Alexandria, a feat almost directly followed
by the surrender of that town and of the " Invincible Army of
the East " with which Napoleon had fondly hoped to overrun
the Eastern world.
" Egypt " and the " Sphinx " commemorated this campaign
on the colours, to be shortly followed by the names of no less
then seven victories won in a period of nine years, viz :
" Maida," " Vimiera," " Corunna," " Vittoria," " Pyrenees,"
" Orthes," " Toulouse," and " Peninsula," the last in recogni-
tion of minor combats and sieges. At Maida, the first of this
glorious roll, the regiment, only just landed, arrived on the
field in double quick time at a critical moment, and its presence
turned the tide of victory against the French. In the long
and hazardous march to Corunna, watched by a vigilant and
more numerous foe, the regiment had the honourable, but
perilous duty, of covering the rear, and such wa= its discipline
that, notwithstanding its almost daily conflicts with the enemy,
it lost fewer men than the corps in advance, who left many
stragglers behind. On reaching Corunna, the famous battle
was fought which forced the French to watch from a safe
distance while our gallant army leisurely embarked. At
Roncesvalles, in the Pyrenees, one company of the regiment
charged a whole French regiment with a noble self sacrifice
to gain time while their comrades hurripd into position. At
Sauroren, the Duke of Wellington said of the division to which
the Lancashire Fusiliers belonged, " It is impossible to
describe the enthusiastic bravery of this division " ; and in a
speech made by him at the Tower of London, on 7th July,
1838, the regiment received the following high eulogium :
" From my own recollection I also dpclare that of the many
distinguished regiments of the British Army which I have had
the honour to command, this, the best and most distinguished,
is entitled to all the eulogiums T may have bestowed upon it.."
As a fitting sequel to their gallant achievements in the Penin-
sular War. it fell to the lot of the regiment in after year's to
mount guard at St. Rp]pna ovpr the grpat Napolpon, until his
death, when 12 of its Grenadiers carried his bodv to its tern-
porarv tomb in that island. Among thp trpasurps of the
regimpnt is a " Life of Marltmroneh." which thp fallpn Emppror
shortly bpforp his dpath gavp to that " hravp resmipnt." as he
truly described it. A long period of peaceful service in various
quarters of tho globe was ended by the outbreak of the
200
Crimean War, and " Alma," " Inkerman," and " Sevastopol "
on the colours of the regiment speak of the share it took in
this campaign. At Inkerman especially did the men of the
Lancashire Fusiliers nobly sustain their high reputation. Time
after time, amid the fog of that gloomy day, was heard the old
" Minden yell," as the heavy Russian masses fled down the
slopes of the heights of Inkerman before the bayonets of the
scattered parties of the Lancashire Fusiliers, and when the
roll call was made, the losses of the regiment in the fight were'
found to exceed those of any other corps, the Guards ex-
cepted.
The word " Lucknow," on the colours, records the
capture of that city from the rebels during the Indian
Mutiny, when much desperate house to house fighting
fell to the share of the regiment before the despairing efforts
of the rebels yielded to the resolute courage of the British
troops. In addition to the capture of Lucknow, much severe
work was performed by the regiment in the pursuit and des-
truction of various armed bands of rebels, a work in which
there was no rest until the last embers of the Great Mutiny
had been stamped out. Although not war service, the services
of the regiment in Japan in 1864 deserve record. It was
suddenly ordered to that country at a critical time when the
reactionary nobles, incensed at the presence of foreigners,
were on the eve of commencing a struggle against the more
liberal minded of the Japanese Government, which would
probably have involved the massacre of all Europeans in
the country. The advent of the regiment, however, its disci-
pline, and its calm and fearless bearing, prevented the out-
break, and the British Minister in Japan thanked the colonel
in the following words : " Of all the triumphs a soldier can
win, none can be more satisfactory or so entirely without alloy
as a moral victory such as has now been gained, thanks to vou,
your officers, and the men, who have thus peacefully,
but most efficiently upheld the interests and dignity of our
country."
The regiment next saw service in the Soudan, where, at the
battle of Khartoum, it helped to give the finishing blow to the
Mahdists, who for years had outraged and devastated the
country with ruthless and ignorant savagery, and this service
was followed by the occupation and pacification of Crete.
In 1899, the Boer War called the Lancashire Fusiliers to
sterner work, and the regiment found itself, under Sir Reuvers
Buller, facing the formidable defences of the Boers at the
201
Tugela River, and forming part of the celebrated Lancashire
Brigade.
To this brigade, composed of the Royal Lancaster Regiment,
the Lancashire Fusiliers, the South Lancashire, and York and
Lancaster Regiments, was entrusted the task of seizing Spion
Kop.
In the darkness of the night of the 23rd January, 1900, the
Lancashire men climbed up the steep winding track to the
summit, where they completely surprised the sleepy Boers, who
hastily fled and then the brigade waited for daylight. Directly
the light revealed their position a tempest of shot and shell
was rained upon them by the Boers. From the front as well
as from the right and left of their position came the deadly
hail, and in their trenches and shallow defences the Lancashire
men dropped fast. But there was no giving way ; parched
with thirst they grimly held on throughout the whole day,
until no less than 1,300 British soldiers lay killed or wounded
on the narrow plateau. When night fell the order was given
to retire, and the survivors marched down, worn with fatigue
and thirst, but with the consciousness of duty nobly done.
The Fusiliers had the heaviest list of casualties, and Sir Redvers
Buller in his despatch stated that " the Lancashire Fusiliers in
exceptionally trying circumstances had magnificently upheld
the best traditions of the British Army."
The Lancashire men took their revenge within a month,
however, when they charged at Pieter's Hill and swept away
the Boers from the trenches, opening at last a road that enabled
them, with their war worn comrades, to carry relief into the
shell swept streets of Ladysmith.
The battalion then took part in the operations which drove
the Boers from Laing's Nek, but space does not permit a
detailed account of the marches and fights which subsequently
ensued in the long drawn out campaign, but mention must be
made of the gallant defence of Vryheid on the 1 1th December,
1901, when a determined attack of the Boers in the middle of
the night was after much desperate fighting completely repulsed
by the garrison, which included 150 of the Lancashire Fusiliers.
The mounted infantry of the regiment was also represented in
the successful defence of Fort Itala in Zululand, a defence
against overwhelming odds, which inflicted such heavy losses
on the Boers as effectually checked General Botha's intended
invasion of Natal.
The primrose hackle worn on the left side of their head-
dressjjommemorates the gallantry of the regiment in the war ;
o 2
202
a gallantry which was amply testified by the fact that the losses
of the regiment amounted to 9 officers, 161 N.C.O. and men,
killed in action or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 21 officers
and 283 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The South African Campaign was memorable for the evidence
it furnished of the quality of the militia and volunteer batta-
lions of the regiment. The 5th and 6th Battalions (Militia)
both volunteered for South Africa and rendered much good
service in the harassing and dangerous work of guarding the
long lines of communication on which our armies depended,
while the volunteers furnished three gallant companies who
shared with excellent spirit the perils and privations of their
regular comrades.
The following soldiers of the Lancashire Fusiliers have
received the Medal for Distinguished Conduct on the field of
battle :
Crimea, 1854-56.
Colour-Sergeant P. A. Farrell ; Sergeant Thady Haplin ;
Corporals J. Gee, J. Turner ; Privates E. Andrews, T. Catling,
D. Connolly, J. Gibson, W. Hennessey, D. Laughland, W. Mann,
P. Sherlock.
Soudan Campaign, 1898.
Colour-Sergeant W. Evans ; Corporal J. Porter.
South Africa, 1899-1902.
Sergeants-Major W. Moss, G. Pilkington ; Colour-Sergeants
K. J. Potter, R. V. Couchman, W. Watson ; Sergeants T. J.
Farrell, J. B. Quinton, E. Lowe ; Quartermaster-Sergeant
W. Pitt ; Lance-Sergeant J. Holmes ; Lance-Corporals J.
Sefton, F. Wood ; Privates J. Royle, T. Bamford, F. Lomax,
J. Turner, M. Lowe, M. Lyons, A. Moseley, F. Power, and
J. Thomas.
Militia. Sergeant-Major A. McGarry ; Colour-Sergeant J.
Crowcroft.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
ROYAL SCOTS FUSILIERS.
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Thistle within the Circle, and motto of the Order of the Thistle.
In each of the four con.ers, the Royal Cypher ensigntd with the Imperial Crown.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" BLEVHEIM," " KAMILLIES," " ODDEXARDE," " MALPLAQUET," ' DETTIN-QEN,"
"P.LADENSBDRG," "ALMA," " INKEKMAN," "SEVASTOPOL." "SOUTH AFRICA, 1879,"
" BURMA, 18S5-87," "TIRAH," " SOCTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "RELIEF OF
LADYSJIITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS -BLUE.
Depot Headquarters -AYR.
MILITIA:
3rd Battalion (Koyal Ayr and Wigtown Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1. 1st .. .. KilmarnocJc. \ 2. 2nd
Ayr.
Ayr.
LOKT)ONj
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OITICTS,
BY HA1UUSON AXD SON'S, ST MARTIX'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
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205
THE ROYAL SCOTS FUSILIERS.
THE regiment known as the Royal Scots Fusiliers was formed
in Scotland in 1678, during the reign of King Charles II. Its
first important war service was in the campaigns which King
William III waged in Holland and Flanders against the
ambitious designs of Louis XIV of France. Although the
British Monarch gained no great victories, he allowed none
to his enemies, and after some eight years of war Louis was
glad to conclude a treaty.
The Fusiliers fought at Walcourt and were in the stubborn
three hours' fight at Steinkirk in 1692, where, unsupported by
their Dutch allies, the British forces had to bear the brunt of
the enemy's attack. The regiment lost six officers and many
of its brave soldiers in this fight.
At Landen in 1693 it gained great distinction by its vigorous
defence of its post against superior numbers. In the next
campaign against the French, during the war of the Spanish
Succession, the regiment fought under a commander whose
genius raised the military renown of Britain to its highest
pitch the celebrated Marlborough and with him marched
from Holland to the Danube, storming the heights of Schellen-
berg on the way, until they faced the armies of the French
under Marshal Tallard and the Elector of Bavaria at Blenheim
206
on 13th August, 1704. The regiment in this battle was
among the brave battalions which steadily marched to the
attack of the village of Blenheim, the strongest part of the
enemy's line, and garrisoned by 12,000 men. The brigadier
was the colonel of the Eoyal Scots Fusiliers, and by his orders
not a shot was fired in reply to the tempest of fire which greeted
them, until he was near enough to strike his sword on the
palisades, and then with sword and clubbed muskets the
gallant soldiers attacked the foe. Ere night fell the French
Marshal and thousands of his army were prisoners of war,
while the fields were strewn with their killed and wounded and
the remainder were in headlong flight. The regiment was
among the corps which guarded the march of the prisoners to
Holland.
In the fight of Ramillies, in 1706, when three and a half
hours' fighting turned the mighty French army under Villeroi
into a flying rabble in the dark struggle of Oudenarde in
1708, when the night alone saved the French from utter des-
truction, and in the red field of Malplaquet, the most bloody
of Marlborough's victories, the Scots Fusiliers displayed their
Scottish valour, and both at Blenheim and Malplaquet the
colonel of the regiment, as well as numbers of its brave officers
and men, fell on the field of battle. The campaigns of Marl-
borough are commemorated by the names of these four great
victories on the colours, which, however, do not mention the
desperate and gallant work it was called upon to perform
in the capture of the mighty fortresses in which the French King
trusted, but which fell, one by one, before the genius of Marl-
borough and the valour of his soldiers.
In 1743, the Fusiliers proceeded to Germany and had the
honour to distinguish themselves under the eye of King George II
at the battle of Dettingen on the 27th June, when the French
troops were driven from the field of battle with great slaughter,
and the loss of a number of standards and colours. Thus the
207
Royal Scots Fusiliers have been engaged with the enemy under
the personal command of two Kings of Great Britain, and have
had the honour of fighting under the last of our Kings who has
led his army in person to battle. The regiment was engaged
at the battle of Fontenoy with distinction in 1745, and suffered so
severely that it became necessary to move it to Flanders. Here
again duty called it into the field, and in 17-46 they were
fighting at Val and at Lafeldt.
In 1761 the regiment was sent with the force which captured
Belle Isle, a strongly fortified island off the coast of France.
The resistance was severe, but the Fusiliers gained distinction
by the speed and gallantry of their onslaught. Then followed
the American War of Independence, in which whatever may
be our views of the justice of the conflict it at least is clear
that the British soldier nobly did his duty. Fighting,
marching vast distances, with the population hostile almost to
a man, often amid trackless wastes, forests and mountains,
our troops were called upon to undergo severe privations and
hardships. These were intensified in the case of the Scots
Fusiliers, who saw their utmost efforts doomed to end in
disaster at Saratoga when 5,000 British troops under General
Burgoyne, environed with five times its number of foes,
foodless and without ammunition, were forced to capitulate
an event which practically determined the result of the war.
In 1793 the regiment was busily engaged in wresting from
the French the valuable islands of the West Indies, Martinique,
St. Lucia, and Guadaloupe falling in quick succession before
our arms.
In 1807 the regiment formed part of the second expedition
to Egypt; and on returning to Sicily in 1809 its services
preserved that island from Murat, upon whom Napoleon had
bestowed the Kingdom of Naples. At Messina in particular,
the regiment successfully prevented the landing of a large force
of the enemy and captured over 1,000 officers and men. In
208
1814 the Fusiliers were at the taking of Genoa, and on
the 8th March, 1814, the regiment was engaged in the attack of
Bergen-op-Zoom, when much severe fighting took place before
hostilities were ended by the abdication of Napoleon. The
colours of the Koyal Scots Fusiliers carried in this campaign
are now deposited in St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, along
with the venerated, tattered, and glorious, old colours of other
Scottish regiments.
Then again the regiment proceeded to America, and at
Bladensburg the American army, which guarded Washington,
was put to flight, and the city was triumphantly entered by
our troops ; a treaty of peace shortly afterwards put an end
to hostilities, but not, however, before the regiment had lost
over 200 killed and wounded in a desperate attack on New
Orleans. Then followed a long period of peaceful service in
various quarters of the globe broken only in 1823 by the
suppression of the revolted negroes of Demerara. To com-
memorate the valuable services rendered by the regiment the
inhabitants of the colony presented a silver centrepiece of the
value of 500 guineas for the officers' mess.
In 1854 the Koyal Scots Fusiliers landed with the army
in the Crimea and took part in the battles of Alma and
Balaklava. At the battle of Inkerman, on the memorable
5th November, they again lost their colonel. The regiment on
that glorious day stood in the front of battle in the very
gap crying for more ammunition and fighting the livelong
day without food. They took their share in the long winter's
work of peril and patience in the trenches, were at the
fall of Sebastopol the greatest siege in the history of the
Wars of the World ; and weie at the expedition to Kinburn ;
everywhere performing their duty, everywhere to be depended
upon. The colours carried by the Royal Scots Fusiliers in
the Crimea had been presented to the regiment in 1827 by
King William IV. During the battle of Inkerman one officer
209
was killed and two were severely wounded carrying the colours,
whilst 17 N.C.O. and men were killed or wounded in escorting
them. These noble relics are now deposited in the old parish
Church at Ayr.
In 1879 the regiment was in the field against the Zulu
nation at Ulundi, and subsequently against Sekukuni, the
chief of the Basutos. In the Boer rebellion in the Transvaal,
the regiment was split up into detachments, each of which
was beleaguered by the Boers, and each of which made a
defence against superior numbers which added to the high
reputation of this gallant corps.
As a sample of its spirit, an incident in the siege of Potchef-
stroom may be mentioned. A party of 30 Boers having
established themselves in a position to annoy the garrison
by their fire, a party of an officer and ten men volunteered
to dislodge them, Three of the Scots Fusiliers were shot
down at once, but the remainder charged the Boers with the
bayonet, and killed no less than half, forcing the remainder
to seek safety in rapid flight.
The regiment then served in Burmah, where, after the
dispersion of King Theebaw's army, much hard work was
required in the pursuit and dispersion of the dacoits (bands of
armed robbers) who infested the country, and in 1897 it saw
service among the wild passes of our Indian frontier as part of
the Tirah expedition.
On the outbreak of the South African War in October, 1899,
the 2nd Battalion embarked for South Africa and on arrival
formed part of the 6th or Fusilier Brigade.
Half of the battalion was present at the action at
Colenso, where 11 N.C.O. and men were killed, and 28 were
wounded.
For his gallantry at this action Private G. Kavenhill
was awarded the Victoria Cross. Under heavy fire he left his
sheltered position as one of the escort three times to assist
210
in withdrawing the guns of the 14th and 66th Field Batteries,
Royal Field Artillery, when the detachments serving them had
fallen or been driven from them.
The battalion was with the Ladysmith Relief Force through-
out General Buller's operations, and for 13 continuous days
in February, 1900, was daily in action, being specially men-
tioned in the Commander-in-Chief's dispatches for the capture
of Green Hill.
It also took a prominent part in the severe fighting
on the day of the assault and capture of Pieters Hill, and on
that day alone 4 officers and 24 N.C.O. and men were killed
in action or died of wounds, and the colonel, 8 other officers
and 60 N.C.O. and men were wounded.
It was the signalling sergeant of the Scots Fusiliers who
received the first message from Ladysmith after its relief.
The battalion subsequently saw fighting in Cape Colony,
including the action at Rooidam, and was the first British
regiment to enter the Transvaal, taking part in the hoisting
of the British flag at Christiana, the first Transvaal town
captured.
An interesting occurrence took place about this time when
the colonel with a party of three officers, the pipers and 105
N.C.O. and men proceeded to Potchefstroom, formerly
mentioned in this history as gallantly held by a detachment
of the regiment against the Boers in 1880 and 1881, and there
hoisted a British flag. This flag, buried at the time of the
Peace of 1881 by the loyal residents of Pretoria, had shortly
afterwards been disinterred by Colonel Gildea, a former
commanding officer of the regiment, and remained in possession
of his family until it was once more hoisted on the re-occupation
of the Transvaal by the British.
The battalion experienced much hard fighting in the Trans-
vaal. Two Companies were mentioned for their great dash
at the action, at \ 7 cnkerstroom, and later in October, 1900,
211
for three continuous weeks it was almost daily in action, during
the last six days of which it formed, part of a small force
surrounded at Frederickstad by General De Wet and 3,000
men. In the successful final attack on the Boer position the
utmost gallantry was shown by the Royal Scots Fusiliers,
who suffered heavily, 2 officers and 11 N.C.O. and men being
killed and 5 officers and 36 N.C.O. and men wounded.
During the remainder of the war the battalion was engaged
on trek, in garrison, and on the lines of communication on
blockhouse duty, and in arduous and trying circumstances
upheld the reputation of the Royal Scots Fusiliers.
Whilst engaged on trek it made the record march by night
of 35 miles in 16 hours and was specially thanked by Lord
Kitchener for this performance.
During the progress of the war five officers from the
Territorial Militia Battalion, the Ayr and Wigtown Militia,
who had volunteered for duty, did good work with the battalion,
and included in the numerous drafts sent out to replace
casualties, were the Militia Reservists of that battalion, who
bore their part well throughout the long period of hostilities. ,^
The call made in January, 1900, for a volunteer Service
Company from the Territorial Volunteer Battalions of the
Regiment, was quickly responded to, and a Company, com-
plete in strength and detail, joined the battalion after the
relief of Ladysmith, and served with it continuously until
after the action at Frederickstad, distinguishing themselves
by their steadiness, coolness, and soldierlike behaviour. The
company then proceeded down country for home, but was
detained for garrison duty at Smal Deel for seven more months,
a tedious and irksome duty, which they carried out most
cheerfully and well.
A further service draft of Volunteers of 1 officer and
23 N.C.O. and men was raised in the early part of 1902, and
joined the battalion at Middelburg, Transvaal, in March, 1902.
212
This draft served with the battalion on blockhouse duty
until the volunteers proceeded home in June, 1902, on peace
being proclaimed.
Many honours were gained individually during the war by
officers, N.C.O. and men. Amongst the latter one man
was awarded the Victoria Cross, one warrant officer and nine
N.C.O. and men the Distinguished Conduct Medal, and three
privates were promoted corporals for gallantry in the field.
On the representation of Colonel Carr, C.B., who commanded
the battalion throughout the campaign, the Royal Scots
Fusiliers were again permitted to wear the white plume in
the sealskin head-dress as a recognition of their services in
South Africa. This highly valued distinction was previously
worn by the regiment, and when it was abolished about 1860,
its loss was greatly felt.
The battalion returned to England in February, 1903,
after having served in South Africa for over three years.
The total casualties during the war amounted to 7 officers
and 114 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of wounds,
disease, &c., and 12 officers, 143 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won special
distinction for their gallantry on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
Private G. Ravenhill. Battle of Colenso, 15th December,
1899.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant G. Yeates ;
Corporals T. Denton, W. T. Morgan, W. Steggles, G. Woolcott ;
Privates G. Blackwell, No. 2381 J. Campbell, No. 2826 J.
Campbell, R. Campbell, D. Curley, M. Gremmison, J. Kite,
J. McGuire, M. Maddigan, P. Murray.
213
Boer Campaign, 1881. Lance-Corporals H. Hampton,
P. Cunnief ; Private H. Bush.
Tirah Campaign, 1897. Sergeant Stewart Donald.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major J.
Steel ; Colour-Sergeants W. Kimberley, A. Ferguson ; Ser-
geants F. C. Roberts, E. Taylor ; Lance-Corporal J. Shields ;
Privates W. Farr, R. McAllester, W. Downie, A. Curdie.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
CHESHIRE REGIMENT.
BADGE.
The united Bed and White Rose.
Acorn and Oakleaf.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" LOUISBURG," "MEEANEE," "HYDERABAD," " SCINDE,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02."
UNIFORMSO A RLET.
FACINGS BUFF.
Depot Headquarters- CHESTER,
MILITTA :
3rd Battalion (1st Eoyal Cheshire Militia)
4th Battalion (?nd Eoyal Cheshire Militia)
1. 1st
2. 2nd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
Birkenhead.
Chester.
5. 5th
1st Cadet Battalion
3. 3rd
4. 4th
Coiigleton.
Northenden.
Chester.
Macclesfield .
Knutsford.
Stockport.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR Ilrs JlA.iF.sry'a STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAHRISOX AND SONS, ST MAHTINf'S LANE,
I'RINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
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217
THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT.
THE Cheshire Regiment was raised in 1689, on the acces-
sion of William III to the throne, and at once saw active
service in Ireland, where the deposed King James was making
his last stand for the throne. The regiment shared in the
victory of the Boyne, and in the sieges of Limerick and Carrick-
fergus, capture of Galway and Battle of Aughrim, until all
resistance to William III had ceased, when it proceeded abroad
to guard our growing Colonial Empire, and while on duty at
Minorca a portion of the regiment was sent to Gibraltar and
took part in the successful defence of that fortress in 1727.
A detachment of the regiment was present at the battle of
Dettingen in 1743, where King George II commanded in person.
The King was at one time hotly pressed by the French cavalry,
when the detachment formed round him under an oak tree
and drove the enemy away. The King plucked a leaf of the
tree and, handing it to the Commander, desired the regiment
to wear it in memory of their gallant conduct. The oakleaf
is worn in the head dress, and on the colours, on all occasions
of inspections and reviews.
In 1758 the regiment embarked to take part in the conquest
of Canada, then in the hands of the French, with whom we
were at war. The first great blow to France was the capture
of Louisburg on Cape Breton, which formed the depot and
base of operations for the French in Canada. Strongly forti-
fied as it was, the skill of our commanders and the valour of
the British troops overcame all obstacles, and Louisburg, with
its stores and shipping, became a British possession. The
Cheshire Regiment, except the Grenadier Company, remained
to guard its capture, while the gallant Wolfe overthrew the
French at Quebec.
p 2
218
The Grenadier Company of the regiment, with those of the
40th and 45th Regiments, were temporarily formed into a
regiment known as the " Louisburg Grenadiers." This
regiment took part in the siege of Quebec and was in the first
line of attack on the Heights of Abraham. It is claimed that
the great General Wolfe died in the arms of one of the grenadiers
of the Cheshire Regiment.
In 1760 the regiment, re-united with its comrades, proceeded
to Montreal, the fall of which placed the whole of the magnifi-
cent territory of Canada, with its boundless possibilities,
under the British flag. This glorious conquest is now com-
memorated by the word " Louisburg " on the colours of the
regiment.
In the few years immediately succeeding, the regiment was
employed in dealing heavy blows at the power of France and
Spain among the valuable West Indian Islands. Then
followed the American War of Independence, and from 1775
to 1783 the regiment gave much noble and devoted service,
gaining great distinction in the various actions in which it
was engaged, although the result of the unhappy contest
forbids the record of its victories on the colours. Whoever
blundered, it is at least certain that the British soldiers, who
had only to obey their orders, gave their lives with a noble
devotion that would have graced a better cause. Against a
more congenial enemy the regiment once more descended on
the West Indian Islands, which had been handed back to
France ; and once more, in 1794, the British colours waved
triumphant over Martinique, St. Lucia and Guadaloupe.
In India, in 1803, the regiment, under Lord Lake, taught
prudence to Scindia and Holkar, the warlike chiefs of the
Mahrattas, and the following year hurled itself with impetuous
energy against the massive fortifications of Bhurtpore. Again
and again did the gallant soldiers muster for the assault, and
three times was the forlorn hope led by a sergeant of the
Cheshire Regiment, but in vain ; the walls were too massive,
the diificulties too tremendous, and outside the walls of Bhurt-
pore many a gallant soldier fell before the fire of the fierce
defenders. And yet not altogether in vain, for although the
fall of Bhurtpore was deferred for a few years, the Rajah was
so shaken by the struggle that he made peace, and the British
army withdrew.
In 1810 the island of Mauritius was added to the British
Empire, after a short but vigorous defence by its French
defenders. 1831 saw the regiment engaged in suppressing a
219
formidable insurrection of negroes in Jamaica, and then again
India claimed its services, and in 1843 was written the brightest
page in the history of the Cheshire Regiment, when the vast
Indian province of Scinde was added to the British Empire in
India. The Ameers of Scinde having been guilty of treacherous
conduct as regards the negotiations as to the navigation of the
Indus, it was resolved to strike at the fort of Emaum Ghur,
the stronghold of the Beloochees. To reach this, the force
under Sir Charles Napier had to march for eight days across
a gloomy desert, painfully dragging their cannon through the
sand, and tormented by a scanty supply of water. The fort
was reached, its defenders fled, and after the fortifications
with vast stores of powder and grain had been destroyed, the
British withdrew, without the loss of a man. This blow so
disconcerted the Ameers that they signed a treaty of peace,
but with Oriental treachery, immediately afterwards attacked
the residence of Major Outram, the British representative in
Hyderabad, with 8,000 troops and six pieces of artillery.
Three officers and 100 men of the Cheshire Regiment formed
the whole of the garrison, and for four hours these brave men
kept the whole force of their assailants at bay, and eventually
made such an impression on the foe that, with Major Outram,
they were enabled to withdraw in safety, and join the British
forces. Having thus thrown off the mask, the Ameers
mustered their whole strength to overwhelm the small British
army in Scinde, and on 17th February Sir Charles Napier's
force of 2,500 men, of which the Cheshire Regiment
was the only British corps, found itself confronted at
Meeanee by a Beloochistan army of 22,000, with a numerous
artillery. The left of the position of the Beloochees was
covered by a wall, in which, however, an opening had been left
for the evident purpose of enabling them to issue forth to
take the advancing British line in the rear. To stop this a
company of the Cheshire was ordered to bar the opening
against the enemy at all costs. " You are to die there, if it
must be, never to give way," said Sir Charles Napier to the
brave captain and his men, and to the letter was the order
obeyed. The captain and many of his men died there, but the
enemy never got through. With the rest of the regiment
leading, the British force went straight at the enemy, and
with bayonet against shield and tulwar, the gallant Cheshire
men forced back the screaming masses of the Beloochees till
they fled in hopeless dismay, leaving guns, treasure and
standards a prey to the conquerors. Stung by this great
220
defeat, the Ameers made one more struggle, and again 20,000
Beloochees advanced against the British at Hyderabad. On
the 24th March the British attacked, the Cheshire Kegiinent
again in the post of honour in the van. Without deigning to
reply to the heavy musketry fire of the enemy, the regiment
steadily advanced to within 40 yards of their entrenchments,
and then a magnificent rush placed them in the midst of the
enemy. Vain then were the frantic struggles of the fierce
Beloochees, for the discipline and valour of the British soldier
split the huge mass into fragments, and before the determined
courage of our men they fell in hundreds, and then broke and
fled for safety into the desert; 11 pieces of cannon and 17
standards were among the trophies of the victory. A touching
story is told of 10 brave soldiers of the Cheshire Regiment
who had been wounded in this last battle, and who were
discovered in the desert struggling on after their corps (which
had gone in pursuit of the enemy), bearing the pain of wounds
and the agony of thirst under a burning sun, in the hope of
following their colours to another victory. These two victories
added Scinde to our Indian Empire, and the words " Meeanee,"
' Hyderabad " and " Scinde " speak from the colours of the
regiment of the glorious part it took in the conquest.
In 1844-45 the regiment was on service in the Kolapore
District and took part at the sieges of Punalla and Pownghur
and other engagements, and in 1853-4 it was fighting the
Afridis on the north-west frontier of India.
A second battalion was raised in 1858. In November, 1887,
both battalions arrived in Burma ; during the following year
the 2nd Battalion was on field service in Upper Burma, and the
1st Battalion took part in the Karen and Chin Lushai Ex-
peditions, 1888-89".
A detachment of signallers of the Cheshire Regiment was
selected for duty with the China Field Force in 1900.
The 2nd Battalion was mobilised for service in South Africa
in 1899 ; on the reservists of the regiment being called up only
one did not respond, this man was subsequently found to have
re-enlisted and proceeded to South Africa with another
regiment.
On arriving in South Africa the battalion at once joined
Lord Methuen's force on the Modder River, taking part in
the movement which ended in the capture of Cronje and over
4,000 Boers at Paardeberg ; it was present at the capture of
Jacobsdal, the march to and occupation of Bloemfontein, the
engagement at Karee Siding, Lord Roberts' march from
221
Bloemfontein to Johannesburg, during which it was engaged
with the enemy at Zand River, and on other occasions. The
battalion remained at Johannesburg until near the end of 1900,
when it was employed in guarding the railway line on either
side of Potchefstroom ; after this, various detachments were
sent out with mobile columns, and finally the construction and
occupation of a blockhouse line from Klerksdorp to Venters-
dorp was allotted to the battalion.
The mounted infantry companies of the Cheshire Regiment
during the war formed part of the 1st and 8th Mounted Infantry
Battalions, and were in the field continuously from the com-
mencement and were constantly engaged with the enemy.
The 1st Mounted Infantry Section took part (among other
engagements) in the actions of the Modder and Riet Rivers,
relief of Kimberley, Paardeberg, Poplar Grove, Driefontein,
Sanna's Post, Vet River, Zand River, Johannesburg, Pretoria
and Diamond Hill ; operations in East Transvaal, Cape
Colony and Orange River Colony.
The 8th Mounted Infantry company took part in the actions
of Wolverskraal, Jacobsdal, Paardeberg, Karee, Brandfort,
Yet River, Zand River, Boschraud, Johannesburg, Pretoria,
and Kaalfontein, and in the operations in Western Transvaal,
Orange River Colony and Marico districts.
The volunteer battalions of the Cheshire Regiment furnished
three successive companies which in turn were attached to the
line battalion and shared with it the arduous duties of the
campaign.
The 3rd Battalion (1st Royal Cheshire Militia) having
volunteered for active service embarked on the 23rd
January, 1902, and was employed in the Orange River Colony
until the declaration of peace.
The 4th Battalion (2nd Royal Cheshire Militia) also volun-
teered and proceeded to South Africa on the 25th February,
1900, where it was engaged in holding the Bethulie bridges
over the Orange River and the town of Burghersdorp.
During the campaign, Sergeant- Major M. Foley, Colour-
Sergeants H. G. Cowan and H. Grayston, Sergeants J. Latimer,
S. Young and A. H. Hope were awarded the medal for dis-
tinguished conduct and general good service before the enemy
and throughout the war.
Colour-Sergeant J. H. Holland was awarded the medal for
gallant service at the capture of a laager, when he, single-
handed and far from his men, captured two Boers under a
heavy fire, and Privates Oultram and Mason were awarded
222
the same distinction for carrying ammunition to an outlying
post under fire on the 12th January, 1901, on the occasion of
an attack on Kaalfontein.
Sergeant- Major J. G. Willis, Sergeant-Instructor M. E. Davies
and Corporal W. Shaw of the 4th Battalion received the medal
for consistent gallantry during the campaign.
The casualties of the regiment during the campaign amounted
to 1 officer and 56 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of
disease, and 1 officer and 53 N.C.O. and men were wounded.
A memorial has been erected in Chester Cathedral bearing
the names of all men of the Regular, Militia, and Volunteer
battalions of the regiment, who lost their lives in South Africa.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
ROYAL WELSH FUSILIERS.
Colonel-in-Chief H.R.H. The PRINCE OF WALES.
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Plume of the Prince of Wales. In the first and fourth corners the Rising Sun ; in
the second corner, the Red Dragon ; in the third corner, the White Horse,
with motto, " A T cc tis.pera terrent."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed "EGYPT," "BLENHEIM," " RAMILLIES," " OUDENARDE,"
" MALPLAQUET," " DETTINGEN," "MINDEN," " CORUNNA," "MARTINIQUE," " ALBUHERA,"
" BADAJOS," " SALAMANCA," " VITTORIA," " PYRENEES," " NIVELLE," " ORTHES,"
"TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," "WATERLOO," "ALMA," " INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL,
"LUCKNOW," "ASHANTEE," " BORMA, 1885-87," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" RELIEF OF LADYSMITH," " PEKIN, 1900.''
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS BLUE.
(This Regiment wears " The Flash")
Depot Headquarters-WREXHAM,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (Royal Denbigh and Flint Militia)
4th Battalion (R.oyal Carnarvon and Merioneth Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1. 1st .. .. Wrexham. \ 2. 2nd
Wre.xJiam
Carnarvon
Hawarden
3. 3rd
Carnarvon.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJFSFY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HA11HISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
\\ T.MAN- AM) SONS, I/rn., FETTER LANK] E.G., or
OUVKU AMI) 15OYD, EDINBURGH; or
E. PONSON'UY, llu, G.IAFTON STREET, DOBLIN.
225
ROYAL WELSH FUSILIERS.
THE Royal Welsh Fusiliers commenced its distinguished
career in the year 1689, when it was raised in Wales for the
support of William III, against the deposed King James, and
it accordingly first saw active service in Ireland, where it
participated in the famous victory of the Boyne, as well as ia
the other sieges and engagements which followed, until the
authority of King William was firmly established.
The regiment was then required in Flanders against the
French, and in 1695 the gallantry of the regiment caused it
to suffer severe loss at the taking of Namur, one of the most
strongly fortified towns in Europe, the capture of which ranks
among the greatest military achievements of King William's
campaigns. In the campaigns of Marlborough during the war
of the Spanish Succession, the regiment nobly earned for its
colours the names of the four great victories of " Blenheim,"
"Raniillies," "Oudenarde," and " Malplaquet," besides taking
part in the many desperate sieges which were required before
France, stripped of her defences, was forced to submit. In
1743, ( it shared the glory of the victory at Dettingen,
the last occasion on which a British King commanded on the
field of battle, and which was won against every adverse
circumstance.
226
Two years later, the regiment was on the fatal field
Fontenoy, where, inspired with the recollection of past victori
the British fought with a desperation that, had their Dui
allies, it is said, but fired one shot, a victory would have b(
won. But deserted, and in the face of overwhelming numb*
the British were forced to a sullen retreat, and the We
Fusiliers alone left no less than 323 officers and men on 1
field.
In 1756, the regiment was one of four which, from 1
18th April to the 29th June, defended the Island of Mino
under stout General Blakeney, against a French force
16,000 men, with a powerful artillery, and when, reduced to
greatest extremities, the garrison at last capitulated with
the honours of war, the French Commander himself descril
their efforts as " a noble and vigorous defence." It was
his failure to relieve this garrison that Admiral Byng was sh
In 1758, the regiment was employed in harrying the coasts
France, and in the following year won undying lustre as (
of the six famous regiments of British infantry which v
the battle of Minden. In this battle these gallant cor
reckless of odds, shattered the attack of line after line
horse, on which the hopes of the French were centred, a
then swept away two brigades of French infantry, as well
a body of Saxon foot, which ventured to bar their triumph*
progress. " It was here," said the Duke of Brunswick, ye
afterwards, on revisiting the battlefield, " that the Brit
infantry gained immortal glory."
In the other battles of the " Seven Years' War," at " W
burg," " Campen," and " Kirch Denkern," the regime
sustained its gallant traditions with no less courage, and
the termination of the war the conduct of the British troc
had established for their country a reputation for valour a
endurance far beyond that of the other nations engaged-
reputation which they proudly placed beyond challenge
227
losses on the field of battle out of all proportion to their
3trength as compared with those of their allies.
The regiment's next field of war was in America, when the
North American Colonies broke from the mother country, and
although its colours bear no trophies of victory, the service it
gave in this unhappy contest was as severe and gallant as at
any period of its existence. In the words of an American
author, it was " distinguished alike for its courage and its
losses," from the desperate battle of Bunker's Hill until the
surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, when, after a fierce
struggle, in which the Welsh Fusiliers particularly distinguished
themselves, a British force which numbered 4,000 effectives
was forced to surrender to the 20,000 French and Americans,
by whom they were surrounded. A campaign in St. Domingo,
where disease wrought havoc in the regiment, was followed by
service in Holland against the French, and then, in 1801, the
regiment formed part of the force, under the gallant Aber-
cromby, which expelled the " Invincible " army of Napoleon
from Egypt, and earned for its colours in commemoration of
its gallant service " The Sphinx, superscribed Egypt."
In 1807 the regiment was at Copenhagen, preventing the
Danes, much against their will, from becoming a weapon in the
hands of Napoleon, and in the following year it shared in the
memorable retreat of Sir John Moore, which terminated so
gloriously in the victory of " Corunna," the name of which was
added to its colours.
In 1809 it assisted in wresting the island of " Martinique "
from the French, thus winning another name for its colours ;
and in the next year proceeded to the Spanish Peninsula to
take part in the war in which, under the all-conquering
Wellington, the French were driven from Spain. Forming part
of the gallant Fusilier Brigade of the celebrated 4th Division,
the regiment earned in these campaigns a record second to none,
and by the close of the war the following noble list was added
228
to their battle honours, " Albuhera," " Badajoz," " Salamanca
" Vittoria," " Pyrenees," " Nivelle," " Orthes," " Toulouse
" Peninsula." Never in a field of battle were men more di
tinguished than were the Fusiliers at "Albuhera." At a tic
when, owing to the thickness of the atmosphere, as well as
the doubtful wisdom displayed in the handling of the trooj
all was confusion in the British lines, when the enemy's caval:
were riding furiously in the midst of our troops and the
infantry advancing with shouts of triumph, the Fusili
Brigade was called upon to restore the fight, and nobly did
respond. Advancing with measured tread and even formatio
it drove the hostile cavalry from its path, and pausing but f
a moment before the iron tempest which assailed it, it charg<
the opposing columns with such desperate vigour that, after
short interval of dreadful carnage, the enemy's masses brol
and fled down the slopes of the hill, and the battle was wo
329 officers and men killed and wounded attested the valour
the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, and one company emerged fro
the dreadful struggle under the command of a corporal onl
so terrible had been its losses.
At the close of the war the strength of the regiment wi
still further reduced by the discharge of many of its old soldier
and consequently when, in 1815, the return of Napoleon calk
Europe to arms again, the ranks had to be filled hastily wit
young recruits. At " Waterloo," however, the inherite
gallantry of their nation served as well as an experience of
hundred fights, and the Welsh Fusiliers gallantly took the
place among those red squares which so nobly bore the pitilei
cannonades and fierce cavalry charges of that memorab
18th of June. The colonel was killed in the midst of tt
square, and many a brave soldier died with him, but the clos
of the day found the regiment in that victorious advance whic
swept Napoleon and his shattered army away once an
for all.
229
A long period of peaceful service followed Waterloo, and
then came the stern strife of the Crimean Campaign. On
the red slopes of the Alma, on the heights of Tnkerman, and
in the trenches before Sebastopol, gallantly did the Welsh
Fusiliers maintain the honour of the regiment, and the distinc-
tions added to the colours were earned with a devotion worthy
of its glorious past.
At the battle of the Alma, a captain of this regiment, by
his gallantry and promptitude, captured a Russian gun with
its team of horses, the gun being now in the barrack-square
at Wrexham. It was during the Crimean Campaign that
Sergeant Luke O'Connor won the Victoria Cross, with the
rank of ensign, for his heroism on the field of battle, and it is
gratifying to know that he afterwards lived to command a
battalion of the regiment, retiring only on being promoted to
the rank of general officer.
Following hard upon the trying work in the Crimea came
the Indian Mutiny in 1857. Here the regiment won " Luck-
now " for its colours by its services with the force which
brought rescue to the heroic defenders of Lucknow, and took
part in the arduous operations which followed, before the
embers of the great mutiny were finally stamped out
In 1873, on the pestilential coast of West Africa, the regi-
ment added " Ashantee " to its list of honours, when the
savage race of that name received an exemplary chastisement
at the hands of Sir Garnet, now Lord, Wolseley, and his gallant
little force. The next distinction on its colours is " Burma,
1885-7," which speaks of the final conquest and pacification
of the extensive territory of Upper Burma, where the regiment
was engaged against the forces of Theebaw, and more seriously,
against the scattered bands of dacoits which infested the country.
The next war service was in the Black Mountain Expedition
against the Hazaras in 1891, for which the India War Medal
was granted to the officers and men engaged.
230
In 1897, the Royal Welsh Fusiliers formed part of the
British force in Crete when that island was occupied by the
Allied Powers, and by its excellent conduct upheld the fame o1
the British Army before the troops of the foreign powers. IE
1899, the outbreak of the Boer War gave the regiment ar
opportunity of increasing its high reputation, an opportunity
of which it gladly availed itself.
In the fighting around the Tugela, the Fusilier Brigade was
especially distinguished, and on the 27th February, 1900
gained their commander's warmest praise for the manner ir
which they attacked, captured, and held under a galling fire
the first of the heights which barred the way to Ladysmith
In this action Lieutenant Salt and Corporal Roberts wert
mentioned for conspicuous gallantry in keeping the maxim gun ii
action until the foresight was shot away. Lieutenant Salt hac
a bullet through his helmet, Corporal Roberts was dangerously
wounded, and there were 51 bullet marks on the gun carriage
After the relief of Ladysmith, the Welsh Fusiliers found them
selves under General Hunter's command, and at Rooidam, or
5th May, 1900, we read that " the advance of the Fusiliers was
irresistible, and for once the Boer loss, as they were hustled
from kopje to kopje, appears to have been greater than th(
British." Captain Mantell was mentioned in despatches foi
his gallant and skilful leading on this occasion. At Venters
kroom, on the 7th August, and at Dwarslei, on 9th October, th<
Welsh Fusiliers again gained commendation.
At Frederickstadt, on the 19th October, 1900, Barton's
Fusilier column was surrounded by a large force of Boers undei
De Wet, and for six days had to endure an investment of evei
increasing severity. At last the Boers took up a position whicl
commanded the British water supply and the Fusiliers wer<
ordered to clear them out. A mile of flat ground had to b<
traversed under a terrific fire and men fell fast, "E" Company o:
the regiment alone losing one-third of its numbers. There wai
231
no hesitation, however, and the men closed in on the Boers
and then had their revenge. 36 Boers were afterwards found
dead, 30 were wounded, and 30 were captured. Lieut. -Colonel
Sir R. Colleton and Private James were mentioned for gallantry
at Frederickstadt.
In apologising for the absence of the regiment at the Annexa-
tion Ceremony at Pretoria, which was held on the same day,
the official account very happily described the situation in the
following words : " Wales would have been represented by
the Royal Welsh Fusiliers, but that distinguished corps is
engaged to-day adding fresh laurels to its splendid reputa-
tion."
Space does not permit us to follow the regiment in its
numerous marches and fights, and the briefest mention
can only be made of its many gallant services. On
24-25th January, 1901, the regiment marched 37 miles in 24
hours, and again on 7-8th March, 44 miles in 30 hours. Four
different times were officers and men thanked for their gallant
and successful defence of convoys, and twice for successful
night surprises. From all of its commanders the regiment
received the highest compliments. General Hildyard officially
praised its coolness and gallantry in the Tugela operations,
General Barton, in bidding the regiment farewell after 12
months' service in his brigade, said, in addressing the officers
and men at Potchefstroom, " You belong to one of the most
distinguished regiments in the British Army, and you may
pride yourselves that you have not only maintained the reputa-
tion of your regiment, but have greatly increased it " ; and
General Babington, in praising their convoy work, said, " I
have seen a good many regiments, but I know none to equal
this regiment in its discipline, and in the way all duties are
performed."
Although neither of the militia or volunteer battalions of the
district went as units to the seat of war, they were well
232
represented, as no less than 15 officers, and 345 N.C.O. and
men of the militia, and 8 officers and 366 N.C.O. and men of
the volunteers, shared the dangers and hardships of their regular
comrades in the campaign.
The losses of the regiment during the war were 7 officers and
159 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of wounds, disease,
&c., and 15 officers and 160 N.C.O. and men wounded.
In 1900, the other battalion of the regiment was on active
service in China, and took part in the fighting by which the
Legations besieged in Pekin were relieved, and order restored
in other parts of China.
The following is a roll of officers, N.C.O. and privates, who
have received the Victoria Cross :
Captain, afterwards General, E. W. D. Bell, at the battle of
of the Alma, 20th September, 1854. Captured single-handed a
16-pounder gun with two horses, the only effective field gun
captured from the Russians.
Sergeant, afterwards General, Luke O'Connor, at the battle
of the Alma, 20th September, 1854, when no officers were
available, carried the Queen's colour through the engagement,
although badly wounded.
Assistant Surgeon Sylvester. At the attack on the Mala-
kofi, 8th September, 1855, went out under a galling fire and
dressed the wounds of Lieutenant and Adjutant D. Dynely,
who was lying wounded close to the Russian work.
Corporal R. Shields. At the attack on the Malakoff, 8th
September, 1855, went out with others over the open under a
heavy fire, and brought in safely to the camp, Lieutenant and
Adjutant D. Dynely, who was lying wounded close to the
Russian work.
Lieutenant, afterwards Lieut. -Colonel, T. B. Hackett. At
Secundra Bagh, Lucknow, during the Indian Mutiny, 18th
November, 1857, went out with others exposed to a heavy
233
musketry fire, and brought in a corporal of the 82nd Eegiment,
who was lying in the open badly wounded.
Boy, afterwards Private, G. Monger. At Secundra Bagh,
Lucknow, during the Indian Mutiny, went out with Lieutenant
T. B. Hackett, under a heavy fire, and assisted to bring in a
corporal of the 82nd Kegiment, who was lying in the open
badly wounded. Boy Monger carried in the wounded corporal's
rifle.
Soldiers who have received the medal for Distinguished
Conduct in the Field :
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5.
Sergeant-Major W. H. Smith ; Corporals J. Dawson, T.
O'Donohue, E. Luby, T. Rees ; Privates T. Callan, T. Kellan,
T. McGwire, M. Manning, W. Millwood, J. Molyneux, J.
O'Beirne, J. Owens, J. Thomas, J. Chad wick.
Ashanti Campaign.
Colour-Sergeant R. Elphick ; Sergeant G. Attewell ; Private
J. Cummings.
Operations in China, 1900.
Sergeant C. W. Taylor ; Privates J. Doodson, Jackson and
Crew.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Sergeant-Major E. A. Parker ; Colour-Sergeants W. G. King,
C. Whinyates, E. A. Stretch ; Sergeants S. Hotchkiss, W. Hill,
J. Cottrill, G. Darragh, E. Fisher ; Corporal W. Roberts ;
Lance-Corporals J. Townsend, T. James ; Privates T. Evans,
Price, J. Marshall, and E. Smith.
Promoted for Gallant Conduct :
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Privates G. Duglord, W. Davies and R. Gray.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
Q 2
THE
SOUTH WALES BORDERERS,
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
"BLENHEIM," "RAMILLIES," " OUDENARDE," " MALPLAQUET,"
"CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 1806," "TALAVERA," " FUENTES D'ONOR," "SALAMANCA,"
"VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "ORTHES," "PENINSULA,"
" PUNJAUB," " CHILLIAXW ALLAH," "GOOJEHAT," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1887-8-9,"
" BURMA, 1885-87," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters BRECON,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Eoyal South Wales Borderers Militia) . . Brecon.
4th Battalion (Eoyal Montgomery Militia) . . . . . . Welshpool.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
1. 1st .. .. .. Brecon. 3. 3rd.. .. .. Pontypool.
2. 2nd . . . . . . Newport. 4. 4th . . . . Newport.
5th . . . . . . Newtmvn, Montgomery.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOB His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY Omen,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYHAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND I5OYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLD*.
237
THE SOUTH WALES BORDERERS.
THE South Wales Borderers, formerly the 24th Regiment of
Foot, was raised in 1689, to support the choice of the nation,
when King William III replaced the deposed King James II,
and its first years were spent in establishing King William's
authority in Ireland. It then proceeded to Flanders
to take part in the war of the Spanish Succession a war
made famous in history by the genius of one of the greatest
commanders the world has seen, the Duke of Marl-
borough. The South Wales Borderers has a special interest,
too, in these campaigns, from the fact that the groat Duke
was at the commencement of his victorious career the Colone*
of the regiment. Fighting under the eye of so distinguished
a chief, the regiment fully vindicated its courage and efficiency
at the glorious quartette of victories, " Blenheim,"
" Ramillies," " Oudenarde," and " Malplaquet," besides
taking part in the tremendous sieges of the campaigns, at
which the work was as desperate, and infinitely more arduous
than on many a battlefield.
After minor operations against Vigo in Spain, in 1719,
and Carthagena in South America, in 1711, the regiment next
won distinction in the defence of the Island of Minorca in
1756, where four British regiments gallantly withstood for
nearly three months the attacks of a powerful French fleet
and army of 16,000 men, and when starvation at last forced
238
them to surrender, the French Commander, in honour of
" the noble and vigorous defence," granted them every honour
of war.
In 1760 the regiment proceeded to Germany with the small
British contingent which was sent to aid the Empress Maria
Theresa during the Seven Years' War. It shared in the
victories at " Warburg," " Fellinghausen," " Wilhelmstahl,"
and other half-forgotten places, and, by the close of the
campaign, to use the words of the Duke of Brunswick, who
commanded the allied army, the " indescribable bravery "
of our troops had placed the pre-eminence of British valour
beyond challenge. In the unhappy conflict between Britain
and her North American Colonies the South Wales Borderers
bore its part in the severe and arduous struggle with a soldier-
like devotion to duty, under circumstances of exceptional
difficulty and privation. At the battle of Saratoga, when
Burgoyne's force was compelled to retreat, the left and centre
being in complete disorder, the Light Infantry and the South
Wales Borderers checked the fury of the assailants, and the
remainder of the column with great difficulty effected its
return to camp (Creasy).
Again in America, the regiment was in 1793 successfully
defending the early settlers on the frontiers of Canada from
their ruthless neighbours, the Red Indians, and then in Egypt
it shared the glory of the British Army which, in 1801, tamed
the pride of Napoleon's " Army of the East," and taught the
cowed nations of Europe that the French were not invincible.
The capture of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope followed
in 1806, and on its way thence to India a portion of the
regiment gained considerable credit for its gallant behaviour
in beating off an attack made by French ships of war on the
transport in which it was embarked.
The regiment was represented in the Peninsular War by a
second battalion, which won for the regiment the names of
239
the victories of " Talavera," " Fuentes d'Onor," " Salamanca,"
" Vittoria," " Pyrenees," " NiveUe," and " Orthes." At the
first of these victories the battalion fought so heroically and
suffered so severely, that its loss was no less than 355 killed
and wounded, which left it to go through the remainder of
the war somewhat weak as to numbers, a deficiency, however,
which its spirit and resolution did much to make amends for.
At the siege of Burgos in 1812, in particular, it won high
praise from the Duke of Wellington for the gallant manner in
which, in broad daylight, it stormed the outer defences ; and
again, speaking of the desperate combats in the Pyrenees, the
great Duke found it " impossible to extol too highly " the
gallant conduct of the brigade of which the South Wales
Borderers formed part, and said of the attack on the heights
of Eschalar, that it was " the most gallant and finest " he
had ever witnessed. While the 2nd Battalion was thus
winning glory on Peninsular fields the 1st Battalion was
in India teaching the sturdy Ghoorkhas to respect the British
power.
In 1838 the regiment was engaged among the snows of
Canada in repressing serious disturbances which had arisen,
but 1848 found it again in India, mustering under Lord
Gough, to tame the warlike pride of the Sikh nation. At
Chillianwallah, a Sikh army of 23,000 men, with many guns,
was found in position, and Lord Gough at once ordered it to
be attacked. The South Wales Borderers, with two native
infantry regiments, were detailed to assault the centre of the
Sikh position, and moved forward after a short but stirring
address from Sir Colin Campbell. The way lay through a
dense jungle which rendered it impossible to see a hundred
yards in any direction, and into this the men plunged eager
to strike at the Sikh guns, which were playing on them with
considerable effect, and which they had been ordered to carry
with the bayonet alone.
240
The impetuosity of the regiment left the two native regiments
of the brigade far in the rear, and the South Wales Borderers
dashed alone and unsupported at the Sikh battery. In
a moment the guns were won, the gunners slain or driven off
and the guns spiked, when, seeing how few were the assailants,
the Sikhs rallied, and the regiment was furiously attacked
on all sides by an overpowering mass of foes. Knowing how
near their supports were, officers and men alike fought with
desperate gallantry and devotion, and not till two-thirds
of the officers and fully one-half of the men were killed or
wounded, did the Sikhs succeed in forcing them from the
captured guns, and then the survivors rallied in groups in
the jungle, but the native regiments could not be brought
up to the attack. The enemy however, retired in the night,
leaving 12 of their guns in the hands of the British. Of
the conduct of the South Wales Borderers Sir Colin Campbell
wrote : " It is impossible for any troops to have surpassed
it in the gallantry displayed in the assault ; " and Sir Charles
Napier, the then Commander-in- Chief in India, in his remarks
on the action, said, " Their conduct has never been surpassed
by British soldiers on a field of battle." In this engagement
the regiment lost 13 officers killed and 10 wounded, while
231 N.C.O. and men were killed, and 236 wounded. The
battle of Goojerat followed, when the Sikhs were entirely
defeated, and shortly afterwards their submission completed
the conquest of the Punjaub. The words " Punjaub,"
" Chillianwallah," and " Goojerat," record this memorable
campaign on the colours of the regiment.
In the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the regiment did much to
limit the bounds of the revolt by disarming and overawing
disaffected and dangerous bodies of native troops, a service
which was not performed without some loss in officers and
men. In 1867 the doctor and four privates of the regiment
won the Victoria Cross for gallantry displayed in rescuing a
241
party of the regiment under circumstances of imminent peril
in the Andaman Islands.
In 1875 the 1st Battalion of the regiment proceeded to
South Africa, where it was joined in 1878 by the 2nd Battalion.
In 1877 and 1878 much good service was performed in a
Kaffir war against the chiefs Sandili and Kreli ; but in 1879
a far more formidable opponent come forward in the person
of Cetewayo, the king of the famous Zulu nation, long
the terror of his neighbours and a standing menace to the
prosperity of the British colony. On the morning of the
22nd January, 1879, the British force marched out of their
camp at Isandhlwana under Lord Chelmsford to endeavour
to discover the Zulus who were reported to be in the vicinity,
the camp being left in the charge of five companies of the
1st Battalion, one company of the 2nd Battalion, and about
100 men of the Royal Artillery and Mounted Infantry, together
with some companies of the native contingent. Eluding,
however, the force under Lord Chelmsford, the Zulus, some
14,000 strong, appeared close to the camp, and, with the usual
British impulse to get at the enemy, the force in camp at
once moved out to attack them. The numbers of the Zulus
soon enabled them to surround the British, but as long as the
ammunition held out they were kept at bay. When that
failed, however, it was realised that all was over, and the
Commanding Officer, Lieut. -Colonel Pulleine, ordered Lieu-
i tenants Melvill and Coghill to endeavour to save the Queen's
' Colour, and turning to his men bade them fight it out to the
end, and with sword and bayonet against shield and assegai,
he and the whole of his gallant force died where they stood,
after a desperate fight against hopeless odds. Lord Chelmsford
reached the camp in the evening, after a forced march, too
late to save its brave defenders, and after a troubled night
I
among the dreadful evidences of the catastrophe, the force
proceeded early next morning to the depot at Rorke's Drift,
whic.li it, was feared miY'ht also have been desl royed. On
Hearing it ;i. column of smoke from a, burning house seemed
at, first lo prove tlie truth of tlicir fears, but, a, hurst, of lic;irty
cheering reassured thru., :md soon tlic\- learnt of the gallant
defence made liy t he one company of the regimen! left in charge
iindei- Lieutenant, (|. | ',rom hea< I , and numbering only about
80 men ol ail ranks, by \\hich .".,OdO Zulus had been, alter hours
of hard lighting, repulsed \\ilh a loss of -100 men. To com-
menK.iate the I'allant st ruckle ol Lien tenants IMelvill and Cofdiill
who died l<> Save I he Colour, n,nd also I he defence ol Ivorkr.'.s
Drift, the (..hieeri bellowed a : ilver wreath lo lie, ca.rried on
MIC. ( l ueen\s Colour of both baJlalioiis, and no le:;s than eifrht
Victoria, < 'POSSCH were won by oil ice r.-; a.tid men of the regiment.
At Isandhluaua and L'orkc's Drift t he. loss of t he regiment in
Killed alone reached the appallm" lolal of '2\ ollicc.rs and 590
N.C.O. and men.
The nevl \\ar service <>f the re^iincnl. was in Iliiniuib,
where much hard work was necessary for tin- pacification of
this extensive, terriloiv- Considerable credit, war, ^a.ined by
the pursuit, of the celebrated dacolt, leader Hoh Shwe, who
WM.S surprised and killed by a party of the regiment." Sout.h
Afric.a, |S77 H '.)," ami " I'.urma, 1885-7," are the insc.ripl ions
on the colours which now tell of the Dalian!, services of t,ho
South VViiles Ilorderers in these campaigns, in which ::o many
of it.s lirave soldiers died for t heir (.^ueen and country.
'The P.oer \\'ar Mien called the South Wiiles l'>or<lcrcrS into
the field. The 'Jnd r.atialion emba.rked from honie on M)0 13th
.lanuarv, r.MIO, and reached Soul h Africa On tl)C .'rd h'ebruary.
It was brigaded \\ith the '.'ml Cheshire, lind K:isl, Lancashire
a. i id L'nd NorMi Sta.lTordshire Ue^iments, fortnintr Mir 15th
Brigade.
On the U!Mi K-bnia.ry it started on the celebrated inarch
to Treioria. On Mie l. r >Mi, liouever. it \\asdiverted to Jacobs-
dal, a town occupied by the Boers, and which could not be
.
243
left, as it threatened tin- think of Lord Roberts army. The
battalion here first came into contact with t he enemy, \vho gave
way after a short fight, in which tho battalion lost one man
killed and six wounded. The 15th Brigade remained holding
Jaeobsdal until (1th March, being occupied in guarding and
escorting (lie convoys which daily proceeded to Paanleberg.
During this period Cronje and his armv had been surrounded and
captured, the mounted infantry of the regiment being present
at the lighting which preceded the surrender.
On marching out of Jaoobsdal the battalion pressed forward
and reached Bloemfontein on the 'J'Jnd March. The following
extract from Lord Roberts' congratulatory order shows the
difficulties that had to be encountered during this inarch :
" Exposed to extreme heat by day, bivouacking under heavv
rain, marching long distances (not infrequently with reduced
rations), the endurance, cheerfulness and gallantry displayed
by all ranks is beyond praise."
On tho 2.Sth March the battalion was ordered to lake part
in an attack on the Boer position at Karee Siding, where,
securely entrenched on a line of hills and kopjes, the enemy
barred the road to Pretoria. The troops advanced against tho
position on the '_".>( h, and, as no reply was made to the artillery
fire, it was thought that the position had been abandoned.
A fierce outburst of musketry, however, as the troops came
near told another tale, and for some few hours a hot musketry
duel took place. At 4. 30 p.m. an advance was made against
the centre of the position, and on the crest being readied
the Boers were seen streaming away in the distance.
The South Wales Borderers had .'5 N.C.O. and men killed
and 1 oilicer and 23 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The battalion remained at Karee, holding the position
until the 3rd May, when tho advance to Pretoria was resumed.
Alter brushing away tho Boer opposition at Brandfort tho
Boers were again attacked at the Zand River on tho 10th May.
Ml
'I . ,,'tillei v iiiwn II ' M ;i"d ' I" " li'e
lielole tin- infantry (.11111- In i lose iplal lei;. Unlv mi.- n
the l/aiialioii \\ir< bit, who bolongod to t in- Volunteer Sorvic
ipaiiv. \vlueli had pnned n few d.. 8VIOU I'. I"
( h rdihi] ' "I i hen regul on,iad
( ):i i .III li.lllll;' I lie III. Urll -Meal li
I loll i I In- I H I lei rold ol I lie li If III:* Hlhl I III:* \V.r* oil en ;
\\licii the (loops mil uiai. he, I (hen supjilies l-'ni in: l;il .
! i M.l\ the li.'t! I aluill \VJIH Ntlppl '! .,1 .I.IWII \\ltli I\V<
.1 ll.lll 'it lie liexl Mlpplv |,ein
u hen a fin I In i i:, I it i in- \\ .is niadi
,.[ lh,. .'.le.l to (h. foil. I Mei|
;ii}^ \\nul. and \\itlmu1 (<ii(s, -M,..^
hi. I! ' he |i;il I .ill. MI il'l'ei, ,1 !.i| l\ .
.1. i on i he :t i ! \\.L-. .ii., i lion i h
kil l.iholl leniallie,! -IK- ( line a pal I ol I i
I 1 ... , 1( | ,
MaMe < uilleli i-vorl dull
of lov. - : blookhoUAQ I" tC
oui in relate iu detail < '^ the Oth Soptembor, !
lalion mail hi d for 18 hi i I li
li, ale lied I , ' h. uil | out , d out <
rolling or ! uliii
oil - : , u( a diflioull i-oui.t i v I > ra\ aied |,\ i h
\\hiel i aeeoiiipained I he eoluinii 'n QUO 01 ,
: .....
Moddei a on thi ' . i "i
; of the i >! \\nli u ' f ill
Inijienal Yeomanis \\.i-* allael ., d I , hut
.df iltlllli}.' I In- \\hole ol (In
\ 1 rm Oi >iin' on in ( he nii'hl . and innl' i
of t i i he | ii,h da' , ' deli
and captured the gtrriion, who were, howi \er
released eLortlv after ; 20 '-, and men were killed or
wounded.
1 - . ' . e of a
. . -cd. Tie B-.'
:
' i
-. kige baffled
\va- as
'. " .
-.al casu
. .
. - . lad n
'
'
. .
-
.
:
;
:
. - .
-
l&m&n Island, 7th M, "
C M. Dos^as; Privates T. M ........
"
AsLL^*.. I : -:'- '--'- - '"'- ^.^_*- - '.- ' :
. '
':- ' - - ..... '_-_-_
' Jfiantt, H I ;c.r., B . I - R Hitck
246
the Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Zulu War, 1879. Colour- Sergeant F. Bourne ; Privates J
Power, W. Roy.
South African Campaign, 1900-1902. Sergeant-Mai or E
G. Busby ; Colour-Sergeants W. H. Keppy, H. Standen, C
West, J. R. Phelps, J. Griffiths; Sergeants E. Fathers, G
Francis, J. L. Jones, R. J. Soper, W. Potter ; Corporal H
Rand ; Lance- Corporal H. Blair ; Private A. Howells.
Promoted for Gallantry.
South African Campaign, 1900-1902. Privates Cox, Price
G. Price, Beynon.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS.
BADGES AND MOTTOES.
The Castle of Edinburgh, with the motto " Nisi Dominusfrustm."
In the first and fourth corners the Royal Crest, with the motto, " In Veritate Rcli
confido." In the second and third corners the White Horse, with " Nee aspera tei~rent
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed "EGYPT."
"MINDEN," "EQMONT-OP-ZEE,'' "MARTINIQUE," " AFGHANISTAN, 1878-80," "CHITRAL,"
"TIEAH," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-1902," " PAARDEBERG."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters-BERWICK-ON-TWEED.
MILITIA:
3rd (Scottish Boi'derei-3 Militia) . .
Dumfries.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
Melrose.
. . . . Dumfries.
MaxiveUtotcn.
1. 1st Roxburgh and Selkirk ..
2. 2nd Duns, j 5. 3rd
4th G-allowav
LONDON:
PKINTED FOR His MAJKSTT'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARBISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
AnJ to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
\\TMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OIJVKR AND BOYD, EDINBURGH; or
fi. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DDBLW.
249
THE
KING'S OWN SCOTTISH BORDERERS.
THE King's Own Scottish Borderers was raised in Edinburgh,
on 19th March, 1689, by the adherents of King William III,
and is stated to have been completely recruited up to a strength
of 1,000 men within the short space of four hours, a facility
of recruiting certainly unparalleled in its subsequent history.
Within four months of its formation it was called upon to face
a formidable opponent, in the person of " Bonnie Dundee,"
who, at the head of the Highland Clans, was in arms for
King James II. The opposing forces met at the Pass of
Killiecrankie. Of the troops under General Mackay, only two
regiments bore themselves with any degree of resolution one
of these was the King's Own Scottish Borderers, which thus
early showed a courage and efficiency, which it has steadily
maintained for over 200 years.
When the authority of King William III had been firmly
established in Scotland, the regiment proceeded to Ireland,
and took part in the campaigns in that country, until
King James and his Irish and French allies were driven from
the United Kingdom. When this service was ended, the
regiment embarked for Flanders, where the ambition of
Louis XIV of France had called the British monarch into
the field. The regiment was present at the hard fought
battles of Steinkirk, 1692, and Landen, 1694, and in the
following year took part in the siege of Namur, one of the
strongest fortresses in Europe. The capture of this place
ranks as one of the greatest achievements of King William III ;
and the magnitude of the operation may be gathered from the
fact that it cost the besieging army a loss of 12,000 men.
The King's Own Scottish Borderers suffered heavily, losing
on one occasion only, no less than 20 officers and 500 men,
by the explosion of one of the enemy's mines. It was during
the taking of Namur that the regiment was somewhat roughly
made acquainted with an improved method of fixing the
bayonet to the musket. The British practice was to screw
the bayonet into the muzzle of the gun, which of course could
not then be fired. The Colonel of the King's Own Scottish
250
Borderers, seeing a French regiment approaching with fixed
bayonets, ordered his men to fix theirs, and calmly awaited
the charge, with perfect confidence as to the result. He was,
however, rudely awakened when the French regiment pre-
sented their pieces, and fired a volley at close range, a feat
which they were enabled to perform by having their bayonets
fixed outside the muzzle instead of inside. The Borderers,
however, quickly recovered from their surprise, and routed the
enemy at the point of the bayonet. The Treaty of Ryswick
put an end to this campaign in 1697, when the regiment
returned home.
In 1719 it formed part of an expedition which proceeded
to Vigo, a port of Spain, where a large quantity of stores,
collected for an invasion of England, was destroyed, and the
project thereby frustrated. At Gibraltar, in 1732, the
regiment had to endure a siege, when for four months they
successfully bore the persistent attacks of a Spanish force of
20,000 men, and the assailants were eventually forced to
retire, leaving Gibraltar still under the British flag.
The regiment suffered heavily at the battle of Fontenoy,
where, owing to the apathy of their Dutch allies, the British
were obliged to quit the field. Such, however, was the vigour
of the British attack, that at one period of the battle, it is
said, that if the Dutch had fired but one shot, the victory
would have been ours. A loss of 20G officers and men attest
the courage and desperation with which the King's Own
Scottish Borderers fought.
The regiment embarked for Germany in 1746, as part of
the British contingent, which, under treaty, was sent to assist
the heroic Empress of Austria, Maria Theresa, the French, of
course, fighting on the other side. In the war which followed,
never did British valour gain greater pre-eminence, and at
the close of the war the British troops had wrung from their
foreign allies a verdict which placed them first and foremost
among the many nations which had taken part in the conflict,
a verdict which they had placed beyond challenge, by losses
on the field of battle out of all proportion to those of their
allies.
The King's Own Scottish Borderers fought at Roucoux,
at Val, and in the celebrated battle of Minden in 1759, when
it was one of the famous six British regiments which received
and repulsed charge after charge of 60 squadrons of the best
cavalry of France, routed two brigades of French infantry,
and swept away a body of Saxon foot, and all this under a
251
heavy cross-fire of artillery. Well might Prince Ferdinand
of Brunswick, who commanded the Allied Army, say, on
re-visiting the spot years afterwards, " It was here that the
British Infantry gained immortal glory."
At Warburg, Campen, Fellinghausen, and Wilhelmsthal
alike did the regiment signally show its gallantry and devotion,
returning home in 1763 with a reputation second to none.
At Newcastle-on-Tyne a curious and interesting ceremony
was performed by the regiment, when its tattered and war-
worn colours, which for 20 years had led it from victory to
victory, were buried with military honours.
In 1782 the regiment proceeded to reinforce the hard-
pressed garrison of Gibraltar, which under the stout Elliott,
afterwards Lord Heathfield, was engaged in resisting the
fiercest efforts of France and Spain. It was in time to share
the glory of repulsing the culminating effort of the besiegers,
when the royalty and nobility of France and Spain had gathered
on the surrounding hills to witness the success of the famous
floating batteries which had been prepared at enormous
expense to annihilate the stubborn garrison. British pluck
and red-hot shot, however, dissipated their hopes, and, ex-
hausted by their efforts, the shattered foe withdrew. In
1793 the regiment transferred its services from the land to
the sea, and acted as Marines, in which capacity they were
fortunate enough to earn a large amount of prize money by
the capture of a vessel of the value of 1,000,000, and to
participate under Lord Howe in the glorious victory over the
French fleet off Brest on the 1st June, 1794. Part of the
regiment was also present at the siege of Toulon, where
Napoleon, then a lieutenant of Artillery, was wounded by a
British bayonet ; and at the capture of Corsica.
The regiment was then called upon to proceed to Grenada,
in the West Indies, where a detachment made a most noble
defence against a much superior force of insurgents, and it
was while the regiment was here that the gallant spirit of its
men was shown in the following manner. While proceeding
to the West Indies the ship in which a party of the regiment
was embarked was captured by an enemy's vessel. The
officers were disembarked and placed in prison, whilst the rest
of the party were transhipped for conveyance to another
place of captivity. On the way, however, the men, under
the leadership of a sergeant, overpowered the French crew,
and forced the captain to take them to Grenada, where they
rejoined their headquarters.
252
In 1799, the regiment earned for its colours " Egmont-op-
Zee " in the campaign in Holland, under the Duke of York,
and in 1801 took part in the expedition which forced Napoleon's
army out of Egypt. The capture of Martinique in 1809 earned
still another distinction, and a detachment of the regiment
also took part in the capture of Guadaloupe. From August,
1814, till the end of 1815, the Borderers were engaged in
garrison duty in Holland.
After this, a long period of peaceful service ensued, broken
only in 1842 by a Boer insurrection at the Cape, which was
promptly and successfully repressed, and by an attempted
invasion of Canada in 1866 by the Fenians, which was as
easily dealt with. The regiment was next engaged in the
Afghan Campaign, 1878-80, when the murder of the British
envoy was avenged, and a ruler susceptible of British power
established on the throne. The services and privations of the
regiment amply earned for it the name of this campaign on
its colours.
In 1888 the King's Own Scottish Borderers were defending
Suakim in the Eastern Soudan against the Dervishes, and
fought in the action at Gemaizah, the good conduct
and perfect discipline of the battalion earning General Gren-
fell's special approbation.
The regiment then saw service among the wild tribesmen on
our Indian frontiers. It was represented by a half battalion
in the Chin Lushai Expedition in 1889, and formed part of the
Chitral Relief Force in 1895, fighting successfully at the Mala-
kand Pass, Swat River and Panjkhora River. Still severer
work was experienced during the progress of the Tirah Cam-
paign of 1897, in which it endured much hardship and danger
during its marches through ice-cold streams and amidst the
precipitous hills and passes of the north-west frontier, con-
stantly exposed to the bullets of the tribesmen. The battalion
was in action 23 times, including the capture of the heights of
Dargai, Sampagha Pass, Arhanga Pass, Tirah and Bara Valleys,
at Bagh and the Shimkanar Pass, and had 4 officets and 32
N.C.O. and men killed or wounded during the operations.
In 1899 the outbreak of the Boer War called the home batta-
lion to South Africa, where it formed part of the army of Lord
Roberts. As part of the 7th Division it moved forward in
pursuit of General Cronje, and at Waterval Drift, on the 15th
February, 1900, lost 8 men in making its first acquaintance
with the Boer riflemen. On the 18th February, it took part in
the battle of Paardeberg, and on the 27th, had the pleasure of
253
witnessing the surrender of Cronje and over 4,000 Boere*.
This was followed, on the 7th March, by the action at Poplar
Grove, but the speedy flight of the Boer army gave little oppor-
tunity of lighting. On the 29th March, however, the King's
Own Scottish Borderers were called upon more seriously.
Bloemfontein had been occupied by our victorious army, but
at Karee, some 20 miles off, the Boers occupied a formidable
line of hills which lay across the line of our further advance,
and Lord Roberts resolved to attack them. This task was
allotted to the 7th Division and to the Scottish Borderers? fell
the honour and brunt of the fight. As they advanced, so
silent seemed the hills that it was thought that the Boers had
abandoned the position, when suddenly at short range a tem-
pest of fire opened upon two companies of the regiment. These
got under cover and reformed and then followed a hot artillery
and musketry du ;, between the opposing forces. The numbers
of the Boers and the strength of their position made it impossible
for some time to push the attack, but the flanking movement
of the cavalry brigade under General French at length alarmed
the Boers, and late in the afternoon they abandoned their
trenches and fled, leaving the path clear for the advance of
Lord Roberts to Pretoria. In this hotly contested action the
Scottish Borderers had 83 officers and men killed or wounded.
The limits of this short history do not permit a detailed
xccount of the numerous marches and fights which followed
for the regiment before the war was over, but in speaking of
the force of which it formed part when under the command
of General Ian Hamilton, Sir Conan Doyle says that it " put in
as much hard work in fighting and marching as any body of
troops in the whole campaign."
The fight at Vlakfontein, however, on the 29th May, 1901,
must be mentioned. On this occasion the regiment was part of
a small column under General Dixon, operating in the dangerous
country near the Magaliesberg range of hills, a neighbourhood
which had been the scene of more than one mishap to the
British forces. On it"* way back to camp, the column found a
veldt fire raging, and suddenly from out of the smoke 500 Boer
horsemen dashed upon the rear guard, under the support of a
fierce musketry fire from another party of Boers. In a few
minutes two British guns were captured and turned upon the
rest of the column, and the rear guard was broken and scattered.
The companies of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, with those
of the Derbyshire Regiment, however, came speedily to the
rescue, and in a dashing charge recaptured the guns and drove
back the Boers who vanished into the smoke, leaving 41 of
their number dead on the field. In this gallant encounter it is
gratifying to know that the volunteer service company shared
in the honours of the day.
The mounted infantry of the Borderers did much excellent
service, and while serving with it, Lieutenant and Adjutant
G. H. B. Coulson won the Victoria Cross on the 18th May, 1901,
by his heroic self-sacrifice in rescuing a comrade from danger,
after having on many previous occasions displayed great cool-
ness and gallantry under fire. He unfortunately did not survive
to wear it.
The militia and volunteers were in no way behind their
regular comrades in the spirit shown by them during the cam-
paign. The 3rd Battalion volunteered for active service, and
proceeded to South Africa in March, 1900, and did not return
until June, 1902. In the meantime it did excellent service in
the arduous and dangerous work of guarding the lines of rail-
ways from the marauding Boers, while the volunteer service
companies joined the regular battalion and shared with it the
hardships and perils of the campaign.
The total casualties of the regiment amounted to 11 officers,
126 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c.,
and 5 officers and 90 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won the medal
for Distinguished Conduct in the field of battle :
Afghanistan, 1880.
Sergeant John Hamilton, for gallant defence of a convoy
near Jagdullock.
Tirah Campaign, 1897.
Colour-Sergeants T. Cross, W. Milton ; Sergeants G. Arm-
strong, D. Watson, H. Jackman ; Drummer F. Challis.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Colour- Sergeants G. Alexander, A. H. Kenningtou, J. F.
Larkin, K. Newton, W. Simpson ; Sergeants A. Green, J. Jack,
A. Macwhinnie ; Lance-Corporals J. Murdison, J. Murray ;
Privates T. Duncanson, W. Fessey, H. Fraser.
3rd Battalion. Sergeant- Major W. Smith, Quartermaster-
Sergeant H. W. Soper, Colour-Sergeant J. Anderson.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE CAMERONIANS
(SCOTTISH RIFLES).
BATTLE HONOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT." The Dragon, superscribed " CHISA."
" BLENHEIM," " RAMILLIES," " OUDENARDE," " MALPLAQUET," " HANDORA,"
" COKUNNA," " MARTINIQUE," " GUAIJALOUPE," " SEVASTOPOL," " LUCKNOW,"
"ABYSSINIA," "SOUTH AFRICA. 1846-7, 1877-8-9," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNI FORM -GREEN.
FACINGS DARK GREEN.
Depot Headquarters HAMILTON,
MILITIA,
3rd Battaliou (2nd E, Lanark Militia)
4th Battalion (2nd E. Lanark Militia)
Hamilton.
Hamilton.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
I. 1st Lanarkshire 261, West Princes
Street, Glasgow.
I. 2nd
Hamilton.
3. 3rd . . Victoria Road, Glaagoiv.
4. 4th. 138, Stirling Road, Glasgow.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BT HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
K. PONSONBY, 116, GBXTTON STBBBT, DOBU.
257
THE CAMERONIANS (Scottish Rifles).
THE Scottish Rifles consist of two battalions, each of which
inherits the traditions and glories of a distinguished regiment.
The 1st Battalion was formerly the 26th Cameronians, and the
2nd Battalion the 90th Perthshire Light Infantry. Each had
a record which placed it among the most distinguished regiments
of the British Army, and now united into one corps, present a
history second to none in its fulness and variety.
The " Cameronians " (the title which the 1st Battalion gave
to the regiment) commemorates its origin among the sturdy
followers of the champions of religious liberty in Scotland
during the reigns of Charles II. and James II. Within 10
miles of the present depot headquarters were held, over 200
years ago, the principal meetings of those zealous opponents
of the State religion during the reigns of those monarchs.
With the courage of their convictions, they faced the King's
soldiers at Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge. Successful against
Claverhouse at the first place, they were defeated by the Duke
of Monmouth at the latter ; but, lurking in hiding-places, they
bided their time until the Revolution of 1688 brought their
principles uppermost, and, in one day, a regiment was enrolled
from among them to support the cause of the Prince of Orange,
afterwards William III., which was subsequently known to
fame as the " 26th Cameronians," and now as the " 1st Bat-
talion Scottish Rifles."
Under the leadership of the Earl of Angus, they speedily
showed their courage and determination against the adherents
of the deposed King James, and notably so in the heroic
defence of Dunkeld, where, 1,200 strong, they repulsed with
immense loss four times their number.
In King William III.'s foreign campaign they displayed
their stern Scottish valour with no less effect at Landen, and
at the battle of Steinkirk, where Lord Angus, their colonel,
and many a brave officer and man, fell fighting against heavy
odds.
258
At the capture of Namur in 1695, which cost the allies unde
King William III. 12,000 men, the gallantry of the regimen
again caused it to suffer heavy loss. The treaty of Ryswicl
in 1G97 checked for a time the ambition of Louis XIV., bu
only two or three years afterwards his aggressions agaii
called the British into the field. The regiment accordingl;
again proceeded to Flanders, and, under the great Duke o
Marlborough, again and again vindicated British genius an<
British valour. It fought at Blenheim, where in killed, wounde<
and missing, the French lost 40,000 men ; at Ramillies, wher
in three hours a mighty French army was driven from it
positions in hopeless disorder ; at Oudenarde, where darknes
alone saved the enemy from complete destruction, and at th
sanguinary battle of Malplaquet.
In addition to these four great victories, the regimen
performed much gallant and desperate service at the captur
of the great fortresses on the frontiers of France and Flanders
The underground defences of Tournay and the fortification
of Douay, in particular, called for much hard fighting an<
severe losses before they yielded to the British arms.
In 1727 the regiment was engaged in one of the successfu
defences of Gibraltar, which had then been a British possessioi
for some 20 years, and which the utmost efforts of Franc
and Spain failed to wrest from our grasp. In the America]
War of Independence the 1st Battalion, in common with othe
regiments of the British Army, was called upon to endure muc'
hardship and privation in the campaigns, which were carriei
out over a great extent of country, and bore them with a spiri
and endurance that, notwithstanding the issue of the confiicl
reflected no small credit upon its already gallant reputation.
In 1794 the 2nd Battalion (the old 90th Perthshire Ligh
Infantry) was formed by Mr. Thomas Graham, afterward
Lord Lynedoch. This battalion was first employed in harassinj
the coasts of France, and gained its first distinction in Si
Ralph Abercromby's memorable expedition to Egypt i]
1801. At Mandora, shortly after landing, the battalion gainei
great distinction by its stubborn and resolute conduct, an<
took an active part in the subsequent operations, by whic]
Napoleon's boasted " invincible Army of the East " was com
pletely expelled from Egypt. The 2nd Battalion then forme<
part of the force engaged in the capture of Martinique an<
Guadaloupe, two valuable West Indian islands. At th
latter place they took, among other trophies of victory, " ai
Eagle," the regimental standard of the French.
259
In 1809 the regiment was represented by the 1st Battalion at
the celebrated battle of C<.n:rma under Sir John Moore, a
victory which fitly closed a masterly retreat in the depth of
winter, and in the face of superior forces of the enemy. After
the fall of Napoleon peace ensued for many years, and it was
not until 1840 that the services of the 1st Battalion were again
required in the field.
In this year the Chinese authorities were guilty of certain
outrages on British subjects, and, confident in their enormous
numbers, refused redress. Owing, however, to the activity and
valour of the force sent against them, they soon saw their
lartar hordes dispersed, and many important cities captured,
and were obliged to submit to the British demands amongst
which was the cession of Hong-Kong, which was accordingly
added to the British Empire. The Scottish Rifles distinguished
themselves on many occasions in this campaign, and par-
ticularly so at the capture of Amo} 7 , where they were the first
to mount the walls. In 1846-7 the 2nd Battalion was employed
in protecting the growing Cape Colony from its troublesome
Kaffir neighbours, and proceeded to the Crimea in 1855 in
time to take part in the hard and perilous work before the
walls of Sevastopol. Here officers and men alike nobly availed
themselves of the opportunities given them for distinction,
and in the assault on the Redan many fell, their bodies being
afterwards found in the place which marked the farthest
limit of the British advance. Among the young officeis who
won distinction was a Lieutenant Wolseley, who here laid the
first foundations of the distinguished career which has made
Lord Wolseley's name a household word.
In the Indian Mutiny of 1857 the 2nd Battalion apain
added to its reputation by the numerous acts of individual
gallantry performed by its officers and men. It formed part
of Havelock's gallant force, which broke through the reb^l
lines and brought the long-looked for relief to the heroic
defenders of Lucknow, besides taking part in the arduous
work of pursuing the rebels when, in armed bands, they fled
;to the most difficult parts of the country. In 1868 the conduct
!of King Theodore of Abyssinia in imprisoning British mission-
jaries again called the Scottish Rifles into the field, and the 1st
.battalion accordingly proceeded to Abyssinia with a British
force under the command of Sir Robert Napier, afterwards
Lord Napier of Magdala. Little was known of Abyssinia
; at the time, except that from the nature of the country great
difficulties would have to be surmounted. The discipline
260
and endurance of the soldiers, and the careful and wise arrang*
ments of their General, however, made the expedition
complete success ; and King Theodore was found lying dea<
when his rocky fortress of Magdala yielded to the Britis
arms.
The next war service of the regiment was in 1878-79, whe
the 2nd Battalion was called to arms to protect our colonis
against the formidable Cetewayo and his Zulu host. Undi
Sir Evelyn Wood, himself an officer of the battalion, the Scottis
Rifles emerged with credit from the hard fighting that toe
plare ;it Tnhlobane, \vliere Lieutenant Lysons and Priva
Fowler were awarded the Victoria Cross for clearing out
cavern whence the Zulus kept up a dangerous fire. I
Kambula they were also hotly engaged, and were present ,
the final battle of Ulundi, which completed the overthrow
the Zulu nation.
The Scottish Rifles next saw service in the Boer War
1899-1902, and formed part of the gallant army under S
Redvers Buller which, after much splendid exertion, broug!
relief to their besieged comrades at Ladysmith
At the Battle of Colenso on the 15th December, 1899, tl
Cameronians were one of the regiments of General Lyttleton
Brigade. This brigade was told off in support of -the attackii
line, but had not become seriously involved in the fight wh<
the loss of the artillery made it necessary to withdraw,
did useful service, however, in covering the retirement of t]
attacking brigades.
At Spion Kop the regiment had a harder task. This no
celebrated hill had been seized by the Lancashire Brigade <
the night of the 22nd January, and on the following day tl
Cameronians were sent up to reinforce them.
On a narrow plateau over 3,000 troops were enduring
terrific fire from the surrounding Boer positions which t]
nature of the ground gave them little chance of avoiding <
retaliating.
Shells pitched among them, it is stated, at the estimated ra
of seven a minute, but they held grimly on throughout tl
long day.
Before night came nearly 1,300 British troops had be<
killed or wounded in this narrow space, and it was then decid<
to abandon this costly position. Exhausted, and parched wi
thirst, but with no haste or panic, the survivors marched dov
from the fatal hill, conscious of having successfully endun
a test such as seldom has fallen to the lot of the British Army.
261
Undaunted by the failure of the Spion Kop operations a
few days later found the Scottish Rifles gathered with the other
units of their brigade in front of the Boer position at Vaalkranz,
waiting the order to advance.
Vaalkranz was an isolated hill the possession of which it
was hoped would have turned the Boer position. In the full
daylight the brigade advanced to the attack under a rain of
bullets. Taking advantage of all available cover, but with a
spirit that nothing could check, the Cameronians and their
comrades climbed to the summit, and swept the Boers off
the hill at the point of the bayonet.
Hasty intrenchments were made, and in spite of a severe cross
fire, and a counter attack by the Boers, the brigade held the
hill until relieved by General Hildyard's Brigade.
Vaalkranz, however, did not prove to be the key to open the
road to Ladysmith, and it was subsequently abandoned, and
still another effort was called for.
These further operations culminated in the battle of Pieter's
Hill on the 27th February, 1900, and beforp the furious charges
of the Scottish Rifles and other gallant regiments, the Boers
gave way, and, with a loss of 500 men, they fled northwards,
leaving at last a clear way to Ladysmith.
Supplies were at once hurried to the half-starved garrison,
and on the 3rd March the relieving force marched into the
battered streets of Ladysmith between the cheering ranks of
its war-worn defenders.
The regiment took part in the subsequent advances of Sir
Redvers Buller's army and shared the credit of the masterly
manoeuvres and fights by which the Boers were forced to
evacuate their strongly fortified position at Laing's Nek.
Pressing forward, the Transvaal was entered and slowly
but surely the Boer armies were pressed back until Kruger
fled to Europe and Komatipoort was occupied.
In the long guerilla war which followed much hard and good
work was done by the regiment which space does not allow
to be particularised, but the total losses of the regiment bear
ample testimony to the value of its services.
12 officers and 111 N.C.O. and men were killed in action
or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 10 officers and 130 N.C.O.
and men were wounded.
Both militia battalions volunteered for active service, the
4th Battalion embarked for South Africa on 20th February,
1900, and the 3rd Battalion on 16th April, 1901. During their
star they rendered much valuable service in convoy duty and
in guarding the long lines of communication against the
incessant raids of the Boers.
Nor were the volunteer battalions of the regiment less forward.
The service companies furnished by them joined the line
battalion and shared the work and risks of their regular com-
rades with a spirit which fully demonstrated the value of the
great force they represented.
The following list of soldiers of the Cameronians who have
won special decorations for acts of courage on the battlefield
speaks eloquently of the spirit which has always animated this
distinguished corps :
The Victoria Croas.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-55. Private John Alexander.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Major J. C. Guise ; Lieutenant and
Adjutant W. Rennie ; Surgeon A. D. Home ; Assistanl
Surgeon, W. Bradshaw ; Sergeant S. Hill ; Private P. Graham.
Zulu War, 1879. Lieutenant H. Lysons ; Private E. Fowler
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean War, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant R. Gibbius ; Ser-
geants W. Brittle, J. Smallie ; Corporals J. Bawells, G. Hum-
phries, P. Finn, R. Heuning ; Privates D. Parry, G. Green,
T. Kelly, J. Seymour, J. McClelland, E. Sweeney, S. Carnegie,
E. Callan.
Kaffir War, 1878. Colour-Sergeant S. Smith.
Afghan War, 1880. Sergeant John Hamilton.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeants-Major
J. Graham, J. Hardie, P. W. Carroll ; Colour-Sergeants C.
Waters, J. Campbell ; Sergeants W. Langrish, G. Elliott,
A. MacDonald, T. Morris, J. Chalmers, T. Chalmers ; Corporal
H. Poolc, G. Godfrey ; Privates A. T. Howe, E. Brown, J.
Lewis, A. McKay, J. Welding.
Ashanti, 1901. Sergeant-Major T. Slattery,
Uganda, 1903. Sergeant G. Wood.
GOD SAVE THE KING,
THE
Royal Iimiskilling Fusiliers,
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The Castle of Inniskilling with three turrets, and St. George's colours flying. In each
of the four corners the White Horse, with the motto " JViic c.ij-iera terrent."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed "EGYPT."
'ST. LUCIA," "MAIDA," "BADAJOZ," "SALAMANCA," "VITTOKIA," "PYRENEES,"
"NIVELLE," "ORTHES," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," "WATERLOO,"
'SOUTH AFRICA, 1835,1846-7," "CENTRAL INDIA," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters OMAGH,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (Fermanagh Militia)
4th Battalion (E. Tyrone Militia)
5th Battalion (Donegal Militia)
^Enniskillen.
Omagh.
Sally shannon.
LONDON:
PRINTED FO* His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BT HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS CN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSOXUY, 116, GaAFTOx STREET, DUBLIN.
265
THE ROYAL INNISKILLING FUSILIERS.
THE gallant and successful defence of the town of Enniskillen
in 1689 so signally proved the warlike ability of its defenders
that a large portion of the garrison were formed into
regiments of the British Army, and at the present moment,
Enniskillen is represented in the British Army by two regi-
ments the 6th Inniskilling Dragoons and the Royal Innis-
killing Fusiliers.
The birthday of the Inniskilling Regiment of Foot was
the 20th June, 1689, the date of its first Colonel's (Colonel
Tiffin) commission as Colonel of the regiment. At that time,
and until 1751, it bore the name of the Inniskilling Regiment
of Foot, with its Colonel's name, and for the 130 years suc-
ceeding, viz., from 1751-1881, was known as the 27th Innis-
killings. In 1881, the present title, " Royal Inniskilling
Fusiliers," was given to the regiment.
The Inniskilling Foot proceeded to Flanders, and was
present at the taking of Namur, in 1695, an undertaking
which cost the Allies a loss of 12,000 men, and was one
of the striking successes of the campaigns. In 1745 it
served in Scotland in the rebellion of that year,
and proceeded in 1756 to North America, to com-
mence those operations which resulted in the conquest
of Canada from the French. At Ticonderoga and Crown
Point the French were driven from their positions, and the
fall of Montreal in 1760 added the vast and valuable province
of Canada to the possessions of the British Crown. The
s 2
2GG
regiment was then directed against the French and Spanish
settlements of the West Indies ; Martinique and Grenada
were quickly seized, as well as Havannah, the valuable
capital of Cuba, which was wrested from the Spanish, but
was subsequently exchanged for the province of Florida.
During the American War of Independence, the Inniskillings
were actively engaged under circumstances of much hard-
ship and privation, and notwithstanding the issue of the
contest had at least no cause to feel dissatisfied with the
manner in which they had carried out the duties laid upon
them.
After a descent upon St. Lucia, in 1778, the regiment was
next engaged in the desultory campaign under the Duke
of York in Holland, in 1794-5, against the forces of the
French Republic, and the following year formed part of an
expedition which proceeded, under Sir Ralph Abercromby,
to again oust the French from the Island of St. Lucia, in
the West Indies. The numerous operations in which Great
Britain was at this time engaged necessitated much recruiting,
and the regiments which formed the expedition were of neces-
sity composed of many young soldiers of little experience,
or military efficiency. The conduct, however, of the Royal
Inniskilling Fusiliers stood out in marked contrast during
the operations which followed the landing of the British
on the island ; and, notwithstanding their very superior
numbers, the enemy would never meet the bayonet charges
which the Inniskillings were always ready to deliver at
every opportunity. Such conduct, performed under the
eyes of men like Sir Ralph Abercromby and Sir John Moore,
did not fail to earn a fitting reward. When Morne Fortune,
the stronghold of the French, capitulated, its garrison of
2,000 men were ordered to lay down their arms to the Royal
Inniskilling Fusiliers, and the King's colour of that
regiment was displayed for one hour upon the captured fort-
ress to mark whose was the lion's share of the success which
had been gained.
The following is an " Abstract of General Orders issued by
Lieut.-General Ralph Abercromby, Commanding the Forces in
the Island of St. Lucia, 26th May, 1796 :-
" Parole Inniskilling. Countersign Gilman.*
" The 27th Regiment, under the command of Brigadier-
General Moore, will this day at twelve o'clock take possession
* Colonel of the regiment.
267
of Fort Charlotte, the present garrison (about 2,000) having
first marched out and laid down their arms on the glacis to
that regiment.
" Brigadier-General Moore will then plant the colours of the
27th Kegiment on the fort.
" The Commander-in-Chief is proud to say that the
services which have been performed by Brigadier-General
Moore, have been so auspicious that it is unnecessary for him
to detail them. His conduct, in particular on the 24th of
May, could not but attract the attention of the whole Army ;
and the behaviour of the Inniskilling Regiment of Infantry,
who acted on that day with him, was so worthy of praise,
that it deserves the Commander-in-Chief's highest approba-
tion." The regiment lost 8 officers and^ 120 men in this
engagement.
In 1799, the regiment was again in Holland under the
command of Sir Ralph Abercromby, and, at Callansterg
and Bergen, their soldier-like conduct earned the thanks of
their General on the field of battle. In 1801, the regiment
again won distinction under the gallant Abercromby in Egypt
when Napoleon's " Army of the East " was forced from that
country. In 1806, the Inniskilling Fusiliers were engaged
in preserving Sicily from Murat, whom Napoleon had made
King of Naples, and their undaunted spirit and discipline at
the battle of Maida again added to their high reputation.
During the Peninsular War, when the all-conquering Wellington
forced the French back from Spain over the Pyrenees, the
Inniskilling Fusiliers earned their full meed of glory. They
fought at " Badajoz," " Salamanca," " Vittoria," in the passes
of the Pyrenees, at " Nivelle," " Orthes," and " Toulouse."
Among the minor conflicts of the war which are represented
by the term " Peninsula," on its colours, the regiment took
part in a serious engagement at Castella, where a picturesque
incident occurred. A regiment of French Grenadiers con-
fronted the Inniskilling Fusiliers, but the shock of conflict was
arrested by a French officer, who, advancing in front of the line,
challenged anyone of the Inniskillings to single combat.
His wish was immediately complied with by Captain
Waldron, of the Grenadier Company, who sprang eagerly
to meet him, and, after a few rapid passes, laid the Frenchman
dead at his feet. Excited by the victory of their champion,
the Inniskillings dashed forward with the bayonet, and
the enemy broke and fled before their irresistible onslaught.
Captain Waldron bore away from the field, as a trophy of
268
his victory, the sword of his opponent, a sabre of
honour, which had been presented to him by the Emperor
Napoleon.
The regiment was next present at the ever-memorable
battle of Waterloo, and never was its power of endurance
more severely tested, nor more triumphantly vindicated.
Duty called them to a position where they had to endure
throughout the day a pitiless cannonade from the French
batteries without the possibility of reply, and were exposed
to incessant rushes of French cavalry from behind the walls
of La Haye Sainte, a position captured by the French early
in the battle. Throughout that long day they stood in an
ever diminishing square, and when, at last, defeat closed
round Napoleon's legions, all the officers and two-thirds of
the Inniskilling Fusiliers lay dead or wounded on the ground,
their loss being the heaviest of any British regiment on the
field. Speaking of the 27th a few years later, the great Duke
of Wellington said : " That is the regiment which saved the
centre of my line at Waterloo."
The services of the regiment were not again required until
1835, when, in that year, and in 1846-7, they were engaged
in protecting our Colonists against the Kaffirs and Boers.
Useful, if unobtrusive service was also performed by it during
the Indian Mutiny of 1857, in watching and disarming native
regiments of doubtful fidelity, and thus limiting the scope of
the outbreak.
In 1881 the 108th Foot was constituted the 2nd battalion
of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. This regiment commenced
its career as the 3rd Madras Europeans of the East India
Company's Service, in 1854, and its conduct and efficiency
during the Mutiny, and the years immediately succeeding,
gained for it the distinction " Central India," which is now
borne on the colours of the united battalions. At the tame
time (viz., 1881) the Fermanagh, Tyrone, and Donegal Militias
were constituted the 3rd, 4th, and 5th battalions of the
regiment, and are justly proud of their enrolment as " Innis-
killings." The three days which the Inniskilling Fusiliers
regard with peculiar pride, and keep as regimental anniversaries,
are the 20th June, the birthday of the regiment ; the 24th
May, St. Lucia Day ; and the 18th June, Waterloo Day.
The regiment was not again employed on active service until
the year 1897, when the 2nd Battalion, at that time quartered
in India, took part in the Tirah Campaign on the Indian
Frontier.
269
On the outbreak of the Boer War, the 1st Battalion,
strengthened by its reservists, went to South Africa with a
strength of 29 officers, 971 N.C.O. and men, and formed part
of the Irish Brigade of General Buller's Army. On the 15th
December, 1899, was fought the battle of Colenso, and under
the leadership of its gallant Brigadier- General Hart, the Irish
Brigade gave a memorable exhibition of its native courage.
Pressing on under a murderous fire the brigade was brought
to a standstill right under the enemy's muzzles by the deep
unfordable river, and although every effort to cross was vain,
and officers and men were dropping fast from the cross-fires to
which they were exposed, no one thought of retreat until Sir
Redvers Buller himself gave the order, and only then did they
reluctantly come back disgusted and disappointed.
In the operations that subsequently ensued the Inniskilling
Fusiliers were actively engaged at Venter's Spruit, Spion Kop,
and Vaalkranz, but it was at the assault of the Railway Hill
(afterwards known as Hart's Hill or Inniskilling Hill) that the
regiment gained their proudest, if their dearest, experience.
The Irish Brigade was here ordered to assault the trenches
and sangars with which the Boers had studded the slopes and
crest of the hill. Under a heavy fire some 60 men of the
brigade fell before the ascent had even begun, but with the
Inniskillings leading, the brigade advanced to the attack with an
ardour which has made it famous in an army of brave men.
At last the loose boulders and rocks among which they had
scrambled upwards came to an end, and before them lay a bare
clear slope to be traversed before the enemy could be got at,
and which the thousands of practised Boer marksmen awaiting
them might sweep with a fire in which nothing could live.
Without a moment's hesitation the Inniskillings dashed at the
slope, but it was a task more than mortals could accomplish,
and before the survivors staggered back to the rocks they had
quitted, their Colonel and half the battalion had fallen under
the pitiless fire.
Checked, but by no means defeated, the gallant Irishmen
stuck to the rocks in front of the Boer position and no efforts of
the Boers could drive them away, and so long as they grimly
held on the enemy dared not weaken his line. Thus they held
the Boers while Sir Redvers Buller swung round his army, and
on the 27th, they had their revenge when the Pieter's Hill
defences went down before the British attack and the way to
Ladysmith at last lay open.
When on the 3rd March, the regiment marched with their
270
comrades through the shell-swept streets of Ladysmith, of its
original numbers only five officers and 40 per cent, of the men
were in the ranks.
In the operations around Belfast the gallant spirit of the
regiment was again shown at Bergendal on the 27th August,
when again over a bare and open slope the men dashed upwards
at their enemy, A and B Companies being the first to reach
the trenches. This time there was no check, and despite a
brave resistance, the Boers were completely defeated.
The limits of this short history do not permit the numerous
subsequent services of the regiment to be dwelt upon, suffice
it to say that, whether as mounted infantry, as convoy guards,
or in the harassing duty of guarding the long lines of communi-
cation, the Inniskilling Fusiliers fully maintained its well
established reputation throughout the war, and as a mark of
appreciation the regiment was specially selected to furnish the
Commander-m-Chief s guard at Pretoria toward the end of 1901.
Its losses also bear eloquent testimony to its services ; 14
officers and 180 rank and file were killed or died of wounds,
disease, &c., and 20 officers and 255 men were wounded.
Although the militia battalions of the regiment were not at the
seat of war they were well represented by the drafts who joined
the regular battalions and shared their triumphs.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won the medal
for Distinguished Conduct on the Field of Battle :
TiraJi Campaign, 1897.
Sergeant G. McClelland,
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Sergeant-Major W. Martin ; Quarter-master Sergeant W.
Reid ; Colour-Sergeants M. McMurran, A. R. Lee ; Sergeants
G. A. Rowe, W. Craig ; Corporal J. Kelly ; Lance-Corporal J.
Clelland ; Privates P. Howard, A. Mills, A. Thompson, P.
Twohey.
Promoted for gallantry :
South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Drummer B. A. F. Fitzgerald, Private S. Kelly.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
Gloucestershire Regiment,
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
'BAMILLIES," " LOUISBURG," "QUEBEC, 1759," "MAIDA," "CORUNNA," "TALAVERA,'
BARROSSA," "ALBUHERA," "SALAMANCA," " VITTORIA," " PTRENSES," "NIVELLE,'
' NIVE," "ORTHES," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," " WATERLOO," " PUNJAUB,'
' CHILLIANWALLAH," "GOOJERAT," " ALMA," " INKERMAN," " SEVASTOPOL," "DELHI,'
'SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "DEFENCE OF LADTSMITH," "BELIEF OF KIMBERLEY,'
" PAARDEBERG."
U XI FORM SCAR LET.
FACINGS -WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-HORFIELD BARRACKS, BRISTOL.
Recruiting Office 6 & 8, COLSTON STREET, BRISTOL,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Royal South Gloucestershire Militia)
4th Battalion (Royal North Gloucestershire Militia) ..
Bristol.
Cirencester.
1st
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Bristol. \ 2nd
Gloucester
3rd
Bristol.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY 1IARHISOX AXD SON'S, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
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273
THE GLOUCESTERSHIRE REGIMENT.
THE regiment, which since 1881 has been known as the Glouces
tershire Eegiment, is composed of two battalions, the first of
which was formerly numbered the 28th, and the second the
51st, Kegiments of Foot.
The history of the Gloucestershire Regiment commences
in the year 1694, and from that date up to the present time
there are few occasions on which this country has been at
war without some part of the regiment being engaged in the
jonflict.
On the colours of the regiment the numerous names of
battles record the courage and success of the regiment
against the enemies of this country ; and besides these, it
has been engaged in many minor affairs, which, although
not attaining the dignity of special mention on its colours,
have yet called for the utmost endurance and cournge on thj
part of its soldiers.
In so small a space as the present occasion affords, nothing
like a complete history of the regiment can be attempted,
but the mention of some of the more important of its gallant
deeds will, it is hoped, make Gloucestershire proud of its
regiment, and induce a plentiful supply of the proper class
of recruits to make worthy successors to the brave veterans
of the past.
The first important war service of the regiment was in
Flanders under the great Duke of Marlborough, when
the 1st Battalion had the honour of taking part in the decisive
victory gained over the French, Bavarians and Spaniards at
274
Eamillies in 1706, besides sharing in some of those importa
sieges undertaken by Marlborough, of whom it is said " th
he never fought a battle that he did not win, nor besieged
place that he did not take."
The next service of the regiment called the 1st Battali<
into Spain and Portugal, and while there it suffered heavi
at the battle of Almanza, owing to the desertion of our Port
guese allies. It was next engaged in an expedition again
Vigo, where the shipping and stores ready for an invasion
this country were destroyed.
In 1759 the 1st Battalion of the regiment was with tl
force sent to oust the French from North America : it to<
part in the capture of Louisburg, the great naval depot of t
French at Cape Breton, and then, under the brave Wolj
scaled the Heights of Abraham and fought the battle outsii
the walls of Quebec, which practically transferred t.
sovereignty of Canada from France to England. The galla
young Wolfe fell mortally wounded at the head of t'
battalion. The capture of Montreal in 1760, which completi
the conquest of Canada, having been accomplished, t]
battalion next proceeded to Havana, in the island of Cub;
this place was wrested from the Spaniards, and was said to 1
the richest prize the English had ever taken. It was afte
wards exchanged for the province of Florida in North Americ
Duty next called the battalion to take its part in the unfort
nate but severe fighting which ensued when the America
Colonies declared their independence ; and tradition stat
that it was at one of the battles of this campaign that tl
battalion, having exhausted its ammunition, took to usi]
their short swords in such a manner as to utterly rout tl
foe, and procured for the regiment its soubriquet of " Tl
Slashers."
In the meantime the 2nd Battalion had distinguished itsc
at the capture of Guadaloupe, and in 1782 took part in
most gallant and determined defence of the island of Minorc
This island had been captured from the French, and
garrison of some 2,500 men was holding the place for tl
British, when it was attacked by a powerful French am
pome four or five times its number, and supported by a larj
fleet, which effectually prevented any succour from reachii
the English force. From August, 1781, to February, 178
did the British garrison defend its post, notwithstanding tha
in addition to the assaults of the enemy, disease and priv
tion had to be contented with. When, however, the effectr
275
strength of the garrison had been reduced from 2,500 to
600 men, and it became apparent that no assistance was to
be hoped for, a capitulation was entered into, and the French
gladly accorded all the honours of war to the survivors of
the gallant band. The best tribute to their conduct came
from the Due de Crillon, who commanded the French army, as
he watched the haggard but resolute faces of the garrison as
they marched out of the ruins they had so long defended.
" No troops," said he, " ever gave greater proofs of heroism
than this poor worn-out garrison of St. Philip's Castle, who
have defended themselves almost to the last man."
After service against the French Eepublicans in Flanders,
the next important event in the history of the regiment was
the Egyptian campaign of 1801, when the British troops,
under the brave Sir Ralph Abercromby, frustrated Napoleon's
hopes of conquering the East by driving his armies out of
Egypt.
The 1st Battalion effected a landing in Aboukir Bay in
the face of the enemy, whom they charged and routed with
the bayonet the moment they reached the shore, capturing
two guns in the conflict. In the battle before Alexandria,
the battalion found itself at a critical moment, when hotly
engaged with the enemy, violently attacked by a large force
of the French in the rear ; so great was the discipline and
so stedfast the courage of the regiment, that the colonel met
the emergency by simply ordering the rear rank to face
about, and the attacks of the enemy on both sides were
gallantly and successfully repulsed. To commemorate this
signal instance of steadiness and pluck, the regiment was
granted the singular but appropriate distinction of wearing
the badge of their regiment both on the front and back of
their head-dress an honour granted to no other corps.
The 2nd Battalion, meanwhile, had been sent with a force
from India, and had landed on the coast of the Eed Sea. from
which they marched for nine days through the desert at the
top of their speed, in order to reach Cairo in time to assist
their comrades in beating the French. Although the priva-
tions and fatigues of this march were so excessive, the
Gloucestershire Regiment lost only one man, a drummer,
who died of fatigue. When the company to which the
drummer belonged arrived at camp he was missed, and
Private Andrew Connell asked permission to return, not-
withstanding the previous fatigue he had undergone, and
assist the drummer ; his humane exertions were, however,
276
unavailing, as he found the drummer dead. This humane
conduct brought Andrew Connell into notice, and he was
eventually promoted to a commission in the regiment.
During the great struggle waged in the Spanish Peninsula
when the troops of Great Britain, under the all-conquering
Wellington, baffled and bore back the veteran French armies
both battalions of the Gloucestershire Regiment were engaged
with great distinction.
At all times gallant and distinguished, and on manj
occasions specially praised on the field by their generals,
space only allows one or two instances of their conduct to be
quoted.
At the battle of Maida, on the 4th of July, 1806, the lighl
battalion, commanded by Lieut. -Colonel James Kempt, o:
which the light company of the 2nd Battalion formed part
was directly opposed to the celebrated French regiment
" le ler Legere." The two corps fired a few rounds at about i
hundred yards' distance, and then advancing simultaneous!}
to the charge, both preserved great steadiness until the bayonets
began to cross, when British prowess proved victorious ; th<
French faced about and fled ; they were pursued, and greai
slaughter made with the bayonet. British valour was trium
phant at every part of the field, and the boasted invincibl<
legions of Napoleon were proved to be inferior to the Englisl
in close combat with the bayonet.
At the battle of Talavera in 1809 the 2nd Battalion tool
a conspicuous part. About mid-day on the 28th July the
numerous artillery of the enemy opened a heavy fire, undei
cover of which the columns of attack advanced against the
British line. The French bullets smote the ranks of the
battalion with fatal effect, and one shell killed four grenadiers
and wounded three others. The French battalions clearec
the ravine and ascended the position in full assurance oi
victory, but they were received with a general fire of al
arms, and charged with bayonets with so much vigour thai
they were speedily driven back ; the Gloucestershire Regi-
ment closed on their adversaries with diytinguished gallantry,
and following up their advantage, drove the French beyond
the ravine. Having become broken by a rapid advance ovei
rugged ground, abounding with obstructions, the battalion
re-formed its ranks under a heavy fire. The distinguished
conduct of Corporal Rose on this occasion was rewarded
with the rank of Sergeant in the Field, and a subsequent
display of zeal for the service procured him a commission,
277
The French were repulsed at all points, and retired during the
night.
At the battle of Salamanca in 1812, during a gallant charge,
the officers and sergeants who were escorting the colours of the
61st Kegiment fell under the enemy's fire, when the colours were
seized by Privates William Crawford and Nicholas Coulson, who
carried them to the top of the hill. Crawford was instantly
promoted to Sergeant ; the same rank was offered to Coulson,
but he answered that he was over-rewarded already by the
cheers and thanks of his comrades, and the approbation of his
officers. Sergeant Crawford fell a sacrifice to his gallantry in
a subsequent engagement.
At the battle of Toulouse, in which both battalions of
the regiment took part, the 2nd Battalion was directed to
occupy some captured redoubts. The French advanced to
recover the redoubts, when Major-General Lambert directed
a section in one redoubt to cross the road, which was com-
manded by the enemy's fire, and reinforce the troops in
another redoubt. This was a perilous movement ; but
Captain Charleton, whose wound was dressed in the field in
time to enable him to rejoin and command the battalion in
its second attack, placed himself in front of the division,
exclaiming, " I will show the way." Sergeant Fraser stepped
out to follow his captain, and, encouraged by this example, the
division made the movement at a running pace ; several
officers and soldiers were, however, hit by the French marks-
men. The battalion defended the post committed to its charge
and the French were driven from their works, and forced to
take refuge in the suburbs of the city of Toulouse.
By the close of the Peninsular War no less than 21 N.C.O.
were rewarded with commissions in recognition of their gallant
conduct during the campaign.
In 1815 the 1st Battalion distinguished itself on the eve
of Waterloo. During the course of the action the regiment
had been skirmishing for some hours, and then had retired
and formed in close column on the road to the left of the
village of Quatre Bras. At this juncture one of the Duke's
staff galloped up from the village and called out :
" What regiment ? "
" The 28th."
" Who commands ? "
" Colonel Belson."
" Form square, and take up the 42nd ground."
Square was formed, and the battalion moving on, halted
278
just under the rise of a gentle hill. Then came the words
of command : " 28th, prepare for cavalry ready." At this
moment the advancing, rushing wave of the enemy's horse
was terrible to contemplate, save to the well-trained British
soldier. Not a voice was heard within the square. On came
the apparently resistless mass. Swords flashed, pennons
waved, lance points seemed almost to touch the bayonets,
when the calm word of command was given to fire.
Desperately was the charge made and desperately repeated
for half an hour. During an interval, when the enemy had
ridden off, Sir James Kempt came up to the square, and, with
hat in hand, addressed the regiment in these words :
"Bravo 28th! The 28th are still the 28th, and their
conduct this day will never be forgotten."*
After the stern fighting which the regiment had gone through,
a long period ensued of garrison service in various quarters
of the globe, and it was not until 1849 that the regiment
was again called into the field. The 2nd Battalion was present
at the battles of Chillianwalla and Goojerat, when the warlike
pride of the Sikh nation was tamed by the defeat and dispersal
of their army, 60,000 strong with a numerous artillery which
fell into the hands of the British ; and the fertile Punjaub,
the country of the Sikhs, became part of our Indian Empire.
In 1854, the Gloucestershire Regiment was represented by the
1st Battalion in the Crimea, and fought with its usual credit
and gallantry in the battles of the Alma and Inkerman, and in
the siege of Sevastopol.
During the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the 2nd Battalion was
serving in India, and at Ferozepore, with great promptitude
and vigour, prevented the mutinous native regiments from
seizing the magazines, and thus effectually checked their
power and influence among the native population of the
district. The battalion was subsequently at the siege of
Delhi, which was the focus of the insurrection, and shared
the dangers and privations of the little army which hemmed
the rebels in, and stood their ground for many weary months,
until sufficient reinforcements reached them to enable them
to make an assault, when, by the display of the utmost heroism
in the streets and houses of the city, they crushed the heart of
the mutiny.
* " Historical Kecorcts of the 28th North Gloucestershire Regiment,"
edited by Lt.-Colonel F. Erocligan, 1884, p. 75.
179
In the dangerous work which the British soldiers were
here called upon to do, the Gloucestershire Regiment main-
tained its old reputation, at the cost of the lives of many
brave officers and men ; and the spirit with which it fought
was shown when called upon to attack a dangerous battery
belonging to the rebels ; they did so with such gallant
promptitude and resolution that the Sepoy gunners had not
the heart or the time to fire even one discharge from their guns
before they were bayoneted by the gallant Gloucestershire
men.
From 1857 till the outbreak of the South African War, no
opportunity was afforded to the regiment to add to the long list
of victories borne on its colours.
On the outbreak of the South African War, however, the 1st
Battalion were serving in India, and received orders to proceed
to South Africa. They disembarked at Durban on the 13th
October, and proceeded to Ladysmith by rail. The first action
in which they took part was the battle of Rietfontein, on the
24th October, 1899, where they covered the retirement of
General Yule from Glencoe, having 1 officer and 14 N.C.O. and
men killed, and 1 officer and 54 N.C.O. ard men wounded.
During the general action of Lombard's Kop on 30th October,
1899, in which the Ladysmith Garrison, under Sir George
White, endeavoured to repulse the Boer forces concentrating
round Ladysmith, half of the battalion formed part of the
column detached during the night to intercept the Boer retreat
at Nicholsen's Nek. This column lost its guns during the
night march, owing to a stampede of the battery mules. The
attack by the Ladysmith Garrison having failed, the column
was cut off and surrounded by the enemy. After a
prolonged action, in which the Gloucesters bore the brunt
of the attack, and suffered severe losses, the column was
finally forced to capitulate. In this engagement the
Gloucesters had 47 N.C.O. and men killed, and 5 officers,
i 69 N.C.O. and men wounded. After confinement in Pretoria,
; and afterwards at Nooitgedacht, those captured were
liberated on the advance of the army under Lord Roberts to
Pretoria. After seeing more service in the Transvaal and
Orange Free State, they joined their battalion in Ceylon.
The other half of the battalion formed part of the
garrison of Ladysmith, and was besieged from 1st November,
j 1899, till relieved by Sir Redvers Buller, on the 28th February,
I 1900.
After that it took part in the Natal operations, and
280
eventually proceeded to Ceylon, where it was employed
guarding Boer prisoners of war.
The 2nd Battalion was serving at Aldershot on the out-
break of the War, and embarked in the s.s. Cymric
at Liverpool on the 1st January, 1900, landed at Cape
Town and proceeded by rail to Modder River. As part of the
6th Division, it shared in the Relief of Kimberley, and engaged
General Cronje's rear guard at Klip Drift ; then took part
in the battles of Paardeberg and Driefontein and entered
Bloemfontein with Lord Roberts on the 14th March, 1900. After
that it formed the garrison of Bloemfontein and the Water
Works.
The 3rd Battalion despatched 6 officers and 129 N.C.O. and
men to join the line battalions in the field, and 1 officer and
5 N.C.O. and men volunteered to serve with Sitwell's Mounted
Infantry in South Africa, and 117 N.C.O. and men volunteered
for service in St. Helena, guarding Boer prisoners of war.
During the war over 300 N.C.O. and men enlisted in the regu-
lar forces.
The 4th Battalion despatched 2 officers and 38 N.C.O. and
men to the line battalions in South Africa, and the battalion
itself embarked at Queenstown on 2nd April, 1900, for service
in St. Helena, where it was stationed to guard the Boer prisoners
of war, returning to England on 27th July, 1901.
The 1st Volunteer Battalion despatched three separate draft*
of volunteers for service with the line battalions in South Africa,
the combined total of which was 3 officers and 130 rank and file ;
various irregular corps drew 2 officers and 29 rank and file from
this battalion, making a total of 5 officers and 159 rank
and file.
The 2nd Volunteer Battalion contributed 4 officers and 113
N.C.O. and men to the line battalions, South African Con-
stabulary and Post Office Corps for field service in South
Africa.
The 3rd Volunteer Battalion was specially raised to augment
the auxiliary forces during the South African War, and con-
sequently was not eligible to take the field.
The total losses of the regiment during the war speak well of
the service it rendered ; 3 officers, 248 N.C.O. and men were
killed or died of wounds, disease, &c.,and 11 officers and 202
N.C.O. and men were wounded.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won special
distinctions for gallantry on the field of battle :
281
The Victoria. Cross.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Surgeon H. T. Reade
gallant defence of the wounded at the Siege of Delhi.
for his
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct in the Field.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant W. Bentley ;
Corporals W. Pritchett, G. W. Hughes, J. Macdonald, W. Wil-
son ; Privates C. Cavanagh, J. Concannon, J. Eagan, P. Kelly,
J. Markwell, J. Martin, T. Martin, T. Offer, A. Rowe, and W.
Vesey.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Sergeant-Major H. Baker.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major J.
Trevelyan ; Acting Sergeants-Major H. H. Say, W. Averies ;
Lance-Sergeant A. J. Clarke ; Corporals J. Gleeson, J. Scaife,
G. Wakefield ; Privates F. Carpenter, E. James, R. Rees,
C. W. Smith, G. Young.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
T '
29
Worcestershire Regiment,
BADGES AND MOTTO.
The United Red and White Kose. "Firm."
tar, with Lion, and Motto, " Honi soit qui mal y pense."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
" RAMILLIES," "MYSORE," " HINDOOSTATT," "ROLEIA," I: VIMIERA," "CORUNXA,"
" TALAVERA," " ALBCHERA," "SALAMANCA," "PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "NivE,'
" ORTHES," "TOULOUSE," " PENINSULA," "PEKOZESHAH," "SOBRAON," "PUNJAUB,'
"CHILLIANWALLAH," " GOOJERAT," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters WOBOESTER,
MILITIA.
5th Battalion (Worcester Militia) . .
6th Battalion (Worcester Militia) . .
1st
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Kidderminster I 2nd .. ..
Worcester
Worcester
Worcester:
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MA.IKSTI'S STATIOXEKT OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS. ST MARTIN'S LANE,
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285
THE WORCESTERSHIRE REGIMENT.
WORCESTER, famous as the scene of many an ancient fight, and
for its courage and loyalty in bygone times, is well represented
in His Majesty's Army by the regiment which now bears the
name of the county.
This regiment is composed of the corps formerly numbered
as the 29th and 36th of the Line, together with the Militia and
Volunteer battalions of Worcestershire.
The regiment dates from 1694, when it was raised by Col.
Thos. Farrington of the Coldstream Guards. Its first serious
campaign was fought under the celebrated Duke of Marl-
borough, and it shared in the glorious victory of Ramillies,
when the French, under Marshal Villeroi, were completely
overthrown, after three hours' fighting. At the same time,
the 2nd Battalion (36th Foot) was fighting in Spain, where it
shared the successes won at Barcelona and elsewhere under
the command of the gallant Earl of Peterborough, but in 1707
it had the misfortune to be at the battle of Almanza, where
the desertion of our Portuguese allies exposed our troops to the
attacks of an overpowering army, and the Worcestershire in
common with the other British regiments engaged, suffered
most severely in their desperate efforts to turn the tide of
affairs.
The 2nd Battalion took a prominent part in the suppression
of the Scottish Insurrections of 1715 and 1745. The 1st
Battalion was among the gallant defenders of Gibraltar in
1727, and in 1749 the men formed a permanent and useful
memorial of their presence in Nova Scotia by assisting in the
erection of the town of Halifax.
A campaign against the French in Holland, minor expeditions
I against the French coast, and the capture of Belle Isle, an island
[' off the coast of Brittany, varied the monotony of regimental
dutv until the outbreak of the American War.
286
The 1st Battalion, then stationed at Boston, was the first
of the British forces called upon to use arms against the
colonists, a circumstance which procured for it the title of the
** Vein- Openers " from the Americans. From this time, until
the surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga, where only
its flank companies were present, the battalion endured much
hardship, and took part in many successful actions on land,
as well as on the American lakes. In 1793 the 1st Battalion
embarked on board the fleet to serve as Marines, in which
capacity it won both honour and profit, for a detachment
serving on board H.M.S. " Edgar " took part in the capture
of a Spanish ship with so valuable a cargo that each sergeant
received 300 and each private 60, as prize money. The
greater part of the battalion was serving on board Lord Howe's
fleet, when, on the " Glorious 1st June, 1794," he gained his
celebrated victory over the French.
In the meantime, the 2nd Battalion, stationed in India,
saw much hard service in a campaign against the formidable
Tippoo Saib, Sultan of Mysore. This prince was one of the
most powerful and able of the native rulers, and the British
territories had often suffered from the desolating raids he
made on them. At length his atrocities brought the British
forces under Lord Cornwallis into the field against him. In
the face of the greatest difficulties, owing to the devastated
state of the country which Tippoo had laid waste, the army
reached Seringapatam, the fortified camp was stormed, and
the Sultan agreed to cede half of his territory to England.
In commemoration of its distinguished services the regiment
was authorised to bear the words " Mysore," and " Hindoostan "
on its colours.
After the 1st Battalion had seen active service in the West
Indies, and in Holland against the French, the regiment
proceeded to Portugal and took part in the Peninsular War.
In this campaign the regiment, by its discipline and gallantry,
won no less than 12 battle scrolls for its colours. Whilst
bearing its part with credit on all these occasions, in some of
the engagements duty assigned the regiment a foremost place,
and of these opportunities the men fully availed themselves.
At Roleia, the position of the French could only be approached
through difficult passes, and the 1st Battalion, followed by
one other corps, came in contact with the enemy before the
rest of the army could overcome the difficulties ; consequently
for some time it bore the brunt of the fight. Without waiting
for re-inforcements, the battalion, gallantly led by its colonel,
287
fiercely attacked the foe, and after a severe struggle, in which
nine of its officers and 144 N.C.O. and men were killed or
wounded, it succeeded in dislodging the enemy. For its con-
duct at Vimiera the 2nd Battalion received the warmest
thanks of Sir Arthur Wellesley. At Talavera the 1st Battalion
was posted on a hill which formed the key of the British
position, and which during two days was fiercely assailed by
the French ; here it captured two standards. It was shortly
after this occasion that Sir A. Wellesley was pleased to report
on the battalion as follows : " It is the best Regiment in
this army, has an admirable internal system, and excellent
non-commissioned officers." Its losses at Albuhera were so
great that, at the close of the battle there only remained
unwounded, two captains, a few subalterns, and 96 men. In
the heat of the action the gallant young ensign who carried the
regimental colour, seeing the losses his battalion was suffering,
and dreading lest his charge should fall into the enemy's hands,
tore the colour from the pole and thrust it under his coat, where
it was found, when after the victory, he was discovered lying
dead amongst the thickest of the slain. In 1814 the battalion
was actively engaged in North America, but the following year,
on the escape of Napoleon from Elba, it was hastily recalled.
Arriving at Ostend on June 13, every effort was made to join
the Duke of Wellington's army, but to the great disappoint-
ment of all ranks, the battle of Waterloo was won ere they
reached the field. The 2nd Battalion, landing at Ostend a
few days later, the Worcestershire Regiment j oined the British
Army in camp near Paris and was stationed in France until
October, 1819.
During the long years of peace which the close of the Napo-
leonic wars brought to Europe, the regiment preserved its high
reputation. In 1838 the 1st Battalion, then the 29th Foot,
was offered the distinction of becoming a Fusilier regiment.
Mindful, however, of its glorious past, the officers were unwilling
that its honours should be in any way obscured by the adoption
of a new title.
The Sutlej campaign of 1845 and 1846 gave the 1st Battalion
an opportunity to add to its laurels. At Ferozeshah, where
the Khalsa army of 60,000 had entrenched itself and mounted
108 pieces of cannon on the works, the battalion advanced with
great steadiness, notwithstanding the nature of the ground,
intersected as it was with jungle. When it had cleared these
impediments and had opened out into the plain, it con-
tinued to press on under a heavy fire of grape and musketry.
288
With a loud cheer, the men charged up to the guns and crossed
the entrenchments. This portion of the camp was soon on
fire, and night fell whilst the conflict was raging. With
daylight of 22nd December, 1845, the army returned to the
attack, and, unchecked by the Sikh fire, drove them rapidly
out of their position. The battalion captured several guns,
but its loss in killed or wounded was six officers, 244 men.
At Sobraon, on February 10, 1846, it again did good service.
At Chillianwallah (subsequently known to the natives as the
" House of Slaughter "), on January 13, 1849, the battalion
retained undiminished the lustre of its ancient name, as it also
did at^the crowning victory of Goojerat. On the former
occasion it lost in killed or wounded, 4 officers, 245 men.
Excellent service was performed by this battalion during
the troublous period of the Indian Mutiny, and from time to
time detachments of the regiment were employed on those
ever -recurring expeditions sent to punish the wild tribesmen
on the Indian frontiers. Of such services little is ever heard
by the|British public, although they call forth all the sterling
qualities of our soldiers.
In 1883 a detachment from the 1st Battalion was employed
with the Bikanir Field Force under Brigadier- General
Gillespie, C.B. On the conclusion of this expedition, the
following extract from a letter by the Commander-in- Chief
is of interest : ; ' His Royal Highness, the Field Marshal,
Commander-in-Chief, has been pleased to remark on the
exemplary conduct and creditable march with Brigadier-
General Gillespie's column to Bikanir."
In 1884 a wing of the 1st Battalion formed part of the Zhob
Valley Field Force.
No further active service was seen by either battalion until
the outbreak of the Boer War of 1899-1902.
The 2nd Battalion was at that time stationed at Bermuda
and was brought home to Aldershot to mobilise to form part
of the 12th Brigade, 6th Division, under Lieutenant- General
Kelly- Kenny, C.B. It landed at Cape Town on January 10,
1900, and remained in South Africa until the conclusion of
peace on May 31, 1902, taking part in the following opera-
tions : (1) Operations in Cape Colony, south of Orange River,
near Colesburg, January 21 to February 12 ; (2) Crossing of
Orange River near Norval's Pont, March 15 ; (3) Operations
in Orange Free State, March to August, 1900, including action
at Bethlehem, and the operations in the Wittebergen, culmina-
ting in the surrender of Prinsloo's force near Fouriesberg ; (4)
289
Operations in Western Transvaal, August, 1900, to May, 1901 ',
(5) From May, 1901 to conclusion of peace, it garrisoned Heilbron
and held blockhouse lines between Heilbron and Wolvehoek and
Heilbron and Frankfort.
The mounted infantry company of the battalion formed part
of the 5th Battalion Mounted Infantry, and took part in the
following operations : (a) Relief of Kimberley ; (b) Parde-
berg ; (c) Driefontein ; (d) Occupation of Bloeinfontien and
action near Johannesburg, occupation of Pretoria ; (e) Engage-
ment at Diamond Hill and operations in Wittebergen ; (/)
Engagements at Bothaville, Dewetsdorp and Caledon River.
During the campaign the battalion suffered the following
casualties : Killed or died of wounds received in action, four
officers, including the Colonel commanding tbr battalion,
Lieutenant-Colonel C. Coningham, and 32 N.C.O. and men ;
accidentally killed or died of diseases, one officer, 73 N.C.O.
and men.
The 1st Battalion mobilised in February, 1900, and sailed
for South Africa on March 18, 1900, forming part of the
17th Brigade, 8th Division, under Lieutenant-General Sir
Leslie Rundle, K.C.B., and remained on active service in
South Africa until conclusion of peace on May 31, 1902, taking
part in the following operations: (1) Relief of Wepener ;
(2) Engagements round Thabanchu in latter part of April,
1900, and first week in May, 1900 ; (3) Operations culminating
in the surrender of Prinsloo's force in the Brandwater Basin ;
(4) Operations in Orange Free State, including the occupation
of Bethlehem from October 21, 1900, to January 31, 1901 ;
(5) Defence of Ladybrand, September, 1900; (6) Part of a
containing line to meet " drive " northwards between Thaba-
nchu and Basuto Border in March, 1901 ; (7) From April 4,
1901, to conclusion of war, it garrisoned Ficksburg, Orange
River Colony, occupied blockhouse line between Bethlehem
and Retief s Nek with three companies from December 28, 1901,
to April 19, 1902 ; occupied blockhouse line from Israel's Poort
and Bushman's Kop from April 25, 1902, to conclusion of
war.
The battalion suffered the following casualties : Killed in
action or died of wounds, 7 N.C.O. and men ; died of disease
or accidentally killed, 48 N.C.O and men ; wounded, 2
officers and 21 N.C.O. and men.
The defence of Ladybrand in September, 1900, by one
company of the 1st Battalion and a few Yeomanry against
a force numbering 3,000 Boers with eight guns, won special
290
commendation. Lieutenant- General Sir Leslie Eundle, K.C.B.,
sent the following telegram to the Officer Commanding the
battalion on their fine achievement :
" The whole division joins me in hearty congratulations on and
sincere admiration of the plucky defence made by the Worcesters
and Imperial Yeomanry at Ladybrand. They have gallantly
upheld your motto and set an example to the whole of us what
infantry well entrenched can do against overwhelming odds.
I beg you will convey above to the officer commanding the
Worcesters at Ladybrand and the Imperial Yeomanry there.
I am publishing a special divisional order to-day with reference
to the above to be read at the head of every company, troop
and battery in the division. Please wire me how the wounded
are doing and name of Officer commanding the company."
Thus, though the battalion had not the good fortune to take
part in any of the important actions of the war, yet it showed,
whenever occasions did occur, the same gallantry and devotion
to duty which so distinguished it in its former great campaigns.
On February 17, 1900, a special army order was published
notifying that Her Majesty the Queen had been pleased to
approve of the Worcestershire Kegiment being increased by
two line battalions, to be called the 3rd and 4th Battalions.
The two Militia battalions were renumbered the 5th and 6th
Battalions. These two new battalions had not the good fortune
to see service in South Africa, but furnished drafts to the 1st
and 2nd Battalions and for mounted infantry duties, amounting
to 2 officers and 457 N.C.O. and men, of whom 24 lost their
lives.
Although it does not come within the scope of this short
account of the Worcestershire Eegiment to detail the services
of its Militia battalions, it may be mentioned that the 3rd
Battalion was raised in 1770. For their services in Ireland
during 1798, the 3rd and 4th Battalions are authorised to bear
the Harp on their colours. In 1814 two companies, with
their officers, formed part of the 1st Provisional Battalion
which landed in South France and marched to Tou^use, where
they arrived, unfortunately, too late to take part in the
battle.
The regiment was represented by no less than three
of its battalions in the South African War, as, in
addition to the 1st and 2nd Battalions, whose services have
already been described, the 6th (Militia) Battalion also served
in South Africa, being chiefly employed on blockhouse duty in
Cape Colony, where it earned for itself a very high name for
201
its behaviour and conduct. Its casualties numbered 20 N.C.O.
and men.
The Volunteer battalions were not behind-hand in furnishing
representatives for South Africa, a company of five officers
and 172 N.C.O. and men being furnished (3 officers and 72
N.C.O. and men from the 1st Volunteer Battalion and 2
officers and 100 men from the 2nd Volunteer Battalion). This
company served with the 2nd Battalion Worcestershire Regi-
ment (36th), including all the actions fought by the regiment.
It subsequently, on its way home, was detained for upwards of
six months to garrison Brandfort, and eventually disembarked
at Southampton on the 9th June, 1901, after nearly 18 months'
absence, having performed excellent service as testified to by all
the General Officers Commanding under whom they had served.
Its casualties during the campaign amounted to 10 N.C.O.
and men.
Thus the Worcestershire Regiment furnished approximately
3,400 officers, N.C.O. and men during the war, of whom,
5 officers and 226 N.C.O. and men lost their lives.
The following soldiers of the Worcestershire Regiment were
awarded the Medal for Distinguished Conduct during the
campaign :
Sergeant- Major C. Henson. For general work as sergeant-
major during the war, especially for the period 1901, while the
battalion was garrisoning the town of Ficksburg in the Orange
River Colony.
Colour-Sergeant W T . Durham. For the defence of Ladybrand,
September, 1900. He was colour-sergeant of H Company at
the time of the siege. He distinguished himself by so handling
his section as to frustrate repeated efforts of the enemy to bring
a gun into a position commanding the defences. His conduct
during the three days' siege was highly commendable and
materially assisted the defence.
Colour-Sergeant F. W. Lidstone. For the plucky leading of
patrols at Bethlehem in November and December, 1900. He
always volunteered to go out and on several occasions showed
great pluck and resource under fire.
Sergeant F. Darby. For the defence of Ladybrand, Septem-
ber, 1900. He volunteered to accompany the patrol under
Sergeant Kirkham mentioned below and behaved in a conspi-
cuous manner ; he subsequently again distinguished himself in
the leading of patrols at Bethlehem in November and December,
1900.
Sergeant W. Kirkham. For the defence of Ladybrand,
292
September, 1900. He volunteered to take a patrol to the front
at night in order to deceive the enemy as to the real position of
the defences ; he effected this with success and at considerable
risk.
Private C. E. Bennett. For the defence of Ladybrand,
September, 1900. He volunteered to accompany the patrol
led by Sergeant Kirkham, mentioned above. He behaved
with great pluck and coolness under fire.
Sergeant C. Hodgkinson. For good work in command of
patrols at Bethlehem in November and December, 1900. On
several occasions he showed great coolness under fire and
ability in leading his men.
Colour-Sergeant J. Batchelor. At Middlefontein on January
23, 1901. Finding at dawn that the Boers had rushed a kopje
close to camp, quickly collected a party of men and seized some
rising ground to right rear of the Boers. By this prompt action
the recovery of the kopje from the enemy was greatly assisted.
On January 24, when on rear guard covering retirement of D
Company with small party of men.
Private W. Hill. At Boschfontein, September, 1900, went
out under a heavy fire to bring in a wounded man of B
Company.
Sergeant J. E. Green. At Boschfontein, September, 1900,
went out to assist Private Hill in carrying back a wounded
man.
Sergeant-Major R. Pavett. For meritorious conduct and
continued good service throughout the campaign.
Colour-Sergeant S. Everett. For gallantry when in charge
of a section at Boschfontein on September 10, 1900, and at
Middlefontein on the 22nd to 24th January, 1901 (mentioned
in the despatches of Lord Kitchener, March 11, 1901).
Colour-Sergeant A. Knight. For general good service whilst
serving with local mounted infantry, Heilbron, 1901-02.
Sergeant H. Reynolds. For bringing in a wounded man at
the action at Slingersfontein on February 12. 1900.
Private J. Jackson. When under a heavy fire at Slingers-
fontein, February 12, 1900, went to the assistance of Colonel
Coningham, who was lying mortally wounded.
Private T. Patton. For carrying ammunition up into the
firing line under a heavy fire at the action at Middlefontein on
January 22, 1901.
Private W. Box. On January 22, 23, and 24, 1901, at
Middlefontein was employed as ammunition carrier to No. 2
Composite Company under Captain Sweetman. When the
293
company ran short of ammunition went back several times to
the ammunition carts under a heavy fire to bring up further
supplies. Promoted Corporal by Lord Roberts for his gallantry.
Refused the promotion and was awarded the Distinguished
Conduct Medal on November 25, 1900.
Drummer G. Ralph. At Boschfontein, Magaleisburg Valley,
on September 10, 1900, the regiment, which formed part of
General Clements' force, was engaged with General De La Rey's
force and ran short of ammunition. Drummer Ralph several
times brought up ammunition from the reserves under a heavy
fire.
Corporal W. Gwilliam. On the night of July 28, 1901,
accompanied by Private Stanley, rode four miles outside the
outpost line, and on the information of a native, went to a farm
to dig up hidden dynamite. They succeeded in digging up the
dynamite and then were attacked by 30 Boers, but firing and
retreating alternately, they succeeded in keeping off the enemy
and brought in the dynamite.
Private S. Banks, 6th Battalion (Militia). 1 ,,
Lance- Corporal J. Tordoff. ?
T r\ i n IT i Conduct.
Lance-Corporal G. Hale. J
NOTE ABOUT VALISE BADGE.
The Worcestershire is the ONLY Line Regiment permitted
to wear a badge on the valise.
Extract from Regimental Orders.
" Aldershot, 27th September, 1877.
" Paragraph 5. The following extract from a letter, dated Horse
Guards, 7th August, 1877, is published for general information:
" ' I am directed by H.E..H. the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief
to acquaint you that as the Stars which were recently ordered to be
removed from the pouches of the 20th Regiment, were granted to that
corps as a special distinction for service in the field, His Koyal Higliness,
with a view to the assimilation as much as possible of the pouches of the
29th Regiment to those of the Guards, has approved of white ammunition
pouches being issued in lieu of black ones.' ' As valises are no longer
worn, the valise ornament hitherto worn by the regiment is now per-
mitted to be worn in Review Order when the great coat is carried, being
thus attached to the centre great coat (mess tin) strap.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
30
THE
Lancashire
BADGES AND MOTTOES.
The Kose of Lancaster on the cap. The Hose on the collar.
The Motto is that of the Garter.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
"CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 1806," " CORUNNA," "JAVA," "BADAJOZ," "SALAMANCA,'
" VITTOKIA," "ST. SEBASTIAN," "NivE," "PENINSULA," "WATERLOO,"
" BHURTPOB.E," "ALMA," "!NKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "CANTON,"
"AHMAD KHEL," "AFGHANISTAN, 1878-80," "CHITKAL,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02."
UNIFO HM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Eeadquarters-PEESTON,
MILITIA.
Uultalion (5th Eojal Lancashire Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Blackburn. \ 2nd
Pret>tun.
Burnhy.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAKUISOX AND S )XS, ST MAUTiX'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
A :id to be purchased, either ilin: -tly or through any Bookseller, '.f-y.ri
W Y.MAN' AXI) SONS. LTD., FETTER LANK, E.C., or
(U.lVr'.ll AND ['.dVH, F.DINBDRGH; or
E. rOXSONUY, 110, G/.Ai-ToN STREET, DUIIUM.
297
THE EAST LANCASHIRE REGIMENT.
ON the 1st of July, 1881, the 30th and the 59th Regiments
were united as the East Lancashire Regiment, and the following
is a brief outline of the campaigns in which the two battalions
have taken part.
The 1st Battalion was called into existence in 1702 and
served on board ship as marines during its earlier years.
While acting in this capacity it was fortunate enough to share
in the capture of Gibraltar. In 1704 the fleet conveying
the force which performed this important service had sailed
from England for quite another purpose, but being unable to
effect a landing where proposed, a Council of War was held
on board the Admiral's ship, when it was decided to attempt
the fortress of Gibraltar. In the face of a heavy fire the
gallant sailors and marines effected a landing, and the surprised
Spaniards after a short resistance had to yield to British valour.
From time to time desperate efforts were made by the Spaniards
and French to wrest this valuable prize from the English
grasp, but in spite of every effort made, the British flag,
planted by the valour of the East Lancashire Regiment and
its comrades in 1704, on the heights of Gibraltar, has from
that day to this remained undisturbed.
Following hard on this gallant service the Regiment sailed
with the fleet under command of Sir Cloudesley Shovel to
Spain, where during the war of the Spanish succession it
u 2
298
took part in the dazzling campaigns of the romantic
Earl of Peterborough. Barcelona was captured with
unexpected rapidity, and town after town threw open its
gates to the English troops, who were moved by their brilliant
commander from place to place with such startling celerity
as to give the impression of much greater numbers. In one
instance a regiment of infantry was required to cover a
distance of 1 20 miles in two days, and the soldiers of another
battalion were one day ordered to become dragoons, and
as such performed their duty very creditably. Despite,
however, the genius of their commander, the British forces
were too small to hold the advantages they had gained, and
consequently in a short time after the departure of the Earl of
Peterborough from Spain, the large armies of the French
and Spanish troops enabled them to reverse the effects of
the English victories.
In 1727 the regiment was called upon to take part in the
defence of Gibraltar, against the fierce and desperate effort
made by the Spaniards to regain it, an effort which, however,
the bravery of the English garrison rendered fruitless, and
the enemy, after destroying the works they had erected at
great expense, sullenly withdrew.
The 2nd Battalion began its memorable career in the year
1755, and saw much hard service in the war which resulted
when the American Colonies threw off their allegiance.
In 1801 the East Lancashire Regiment was present in
the campaign in Egypt, by which the French were driven
from that country. It had been Napoleon's ambition to
extend the French conquests in the Far East, but the gallant
Abercromby, and his brave soldiers, speedily destroyed this
hope ; and from the moment when the British dashed with the
bayonet, from their boats, until the remnants of the French
Army of the East capitulated in Cairo, the campaign was a
succession of British triumphs marred only by the death of
299
the heroic Abercromby in the battle before Alexandria.
Coming at a time when the French arms had well nigh
proved themselves irresistible in Europe, the triumph of the
East Lancashire and their gallant comrades gave a fresh
impetus to those who withstood the over-reaching ambition of
Napoleon.
Five years later a Battalion of the Regiment was at the
Cape of Good Hope with the force commanded by Sir David
Baird, which, after a brief but spirited struggle with the
Dutch Governor and his soldiers, won for the British people
the possession of that Colony a possession which, from its
costly minerals and natural products, has since proved of much
value to this nation. The Battalion followed this success
by capturing the rich spice-producing island of Java, also a
Dutch possession, and a possession which in those days was
considered of almost equal value to the English conquests in
India. In the meantime another Battalion of the Regiment had
joined the British forces, which had proceeded to Spain and
Portugal to help the inhabitants of those countries to free them-
selves from the grasp of Napoleon, and in the harvest of fame
gathered by the British army during the great struggle which
only ended at Waterloo, the East Lancashire Regiment nobly
earned its share. It was with Sir John Moore in his masterly
retreat, during which he baffled all the efforts of the over-
powering forces which followed him eager for his destruction,
and fought at Corunna, where the French were driven back
to watch in impotent rage whilst the British soldiers took ship
for England. Returning to Spain it fought at Badajos,
Salamanca, Vittoria, St. Sebastian, and the passage of the
Nive, always with credit, often with distinction, besides in
many minor affairs which are represented on its colours
by the word " Peninsula." When the escape of Napoleon
from Elba again called England to arms, the veterans of
the East Lancashire Regiment were among the troops which,
300
under Wellington, fought the glorious battle of Waterloo.
Few battles exeivi-ed so great an influence upon history as
Waterloo, and hardly ever has the steadiness and courage
of the British soldier been more signally illustrated than on
that memorable ISth -lime, 1815. After passing a night in
the drenching rain, amid the \vet corn, they were required
to stand for a \\hole dav against a pitiless cannonade and
the incessant diaries of the French cavalry. It is told that
during the course of the battle the square in which was stationed
the East Lancashire Regiment, on being moved to take up
other ground, left behind it a perfect square formed bv the
bodies of their comrades who had fallen before the terrible
tire of their adversn :
While the L'nd Battalion had thus been gaining glory on
the battle-Helds of Europe, the l.-t Battalion had been in India
taking its part in many a forgotten expedition against the
petty Rajahs who ventured to oppose the British pouer, the
most noteworthy incident of their sojourn being their par-
ticipation in the Pindaree War. Shortly after Waterloo
the _nd Battalion also proceeded to India, where it was
engaged in the Mahrntta Wars of 1817 !'.. and a few years
later was among the fon nbled outside the walls of
Bhurtpore. the grr-.it fortress of th" .lats. Some 20 years
previously this stronghold had defied the efforts of an English
army to reduce it. and. although it is true that a treaty had
then stopped further hostilities, yet the fact remained that
Bhurtpore remained unconquered. although some 3,000
officers and men of the British force had been killed or wounded
iu the attempt. It? fate, however, had now come, and on the
explosion of a great mine which opened a breach in its walls, the
men of the East Lancashire Regiment made their way into the
fortress with a gallantry which would not be denied, although
many a brave man fell before the storm of fire through which
the Regiment had to pass. Once within the fortress, the fierce
301
Jats fell like corn before the bayonets of the English, and
Bhurtpore wa8 added to the list of victories which the Regiment
had won for its country.
After their experience in Indian warfare a considerable
period ensued, during which the Battalions of this Regiment
were not required on active service, but moved, as their duty
required, from one possession to another, their presence
being a sufficient guarantee of England's power to check the
turbulent, who would otherwise imperil the peace and safety
of our distant colonies.
In 1854, however, the 1st Battalion \vas required for the
serious work of the Crimean campaign. I'mler S : r de Lacy
i Evans they shared in the gallant advaii;-.- against the Russians
up the slopes of the Alma, and won particular distinction
by their conduct at Inkerman. The thick !<>'.: of that memor-
able 5th of November had enabled tht> Russians to bring
large masses of troops almost within touch of the Kn<_ r li>h
before they were discovered, and the colonel of the !'.
Lancashire found himself with only 200 men of his Battalion
suddenly face to face with a column of 1,500 Russians. For
a moment the East Lancashire men sheltered themselves
behind the low stone wall and allowed tlu> Russians to approach
sufficiently close, and then with a loud hurrah the officers ol
the Battalion, followed by th<nr men, dashed into the midst
of their enemies, and in a few minutes the Russians broke
and fled, hotly pursued by their handful of conquerors. Tin-
Battalion gained much credit by its gallant conduct, and
Lieutenant Mark Walker was selected to receive the Victoria
! Cross. It also took its full share in the arduous duties in
the trenches before Sevastopol, and by the close of the cam-
paign had nobly earned for its colours the names of Alma,
[nkerrnan, and Sevastopol.
The next service the Regiment saw was in 1857, when
lostilities commenced against China, and in the capture of
302
Canton and subsequent operations fully maintained its repti
tation for dash and efficiency.
The next campaign of this gallant Regiment was in Afghanis-
tan during the years 1878-80. The duties the soldiers were called
upon to perform in this war were of no light nature. Added to
the difficulties of intense heat and equally severe cold, and a
rugged and mountainous country, the enemy to be met was one
who could not be despised. The Afghans, naturally endowed
with a courage amounting almost to desperation, were
inspired by intense religious hatred, and, above all, cruel and
treacherous in the extreme, and our soldiers needed, in addition
to their natural courage, a perfect steadiness and coolness,
which was nowhere better illustrated than in the battle of
Ahmad-Kel, in which the East Laura-hire took part. On
the 19th of April, 1880, the British force, under Sir Donald
Stewart, was proceeding to Ghazni. their line of march ex-
tending, with it* baggage train and artillery, to a length of
nearly six miles, when a force of 1,000 horse and about 15,000
foot was seen in position in front of the advancing British
column. Preparations were instantly made to attack them,
but long before the troops in the rear could hurry up, the
Afghan horse had dashed upon the British line to cut off their
baggage, while the foot, headed by hundreds of half-mad
fanatics who had sworn to conquer or die, dashed at the troops
in the advance. Only the most perfect discipline prevented
a terrible disaster ; as it was, the foremost of the Afghans
fell almost at the muzzles of the British rifles. The fight lasted
only one hour, but by the end of that time 4,000 Afghans
lay dead on the field, while the rest of their force were streaming
away over the country in all directions.
In addition to this battle the East Lancashire served with
distinction at various affairs of minor importance, especially
at a place in the neighbourhood of Shahzui, where it dispersed
a force of 3,000 Afghans, capturing their earthworks, and giving
303
an opportunity to Captain Sartorius to gain the Victoria
Cross J for having, with only 15 men. attacked and slain
a party of desperate Afghans in a position among the locks,
a service of peculiar difficulty and danger.
In 18'J5 the Regiment took part in the Chitral relief ex-
pedition, in which much difficult country had to be traversed
before the tribesmen who had attacked our Indian frontier
posts could be effectively reached.
On the outbreak of the Boer War the 1st Battalion was
sent to South Africa and arrived on 2nd February, 1900,
when it joined the 15th Brigade, 7th Division of Lord Roberts'
army. It saw its first service in the capture of Jacobsdul,
which it garrisoned to secure the flank of the British Army
during the operations which ended in the capture of Cronje
and his army at Paardeberg. After this event the battalion
shared in the march to Bloemfontein, the nature of which is
perhaps best described in Lord Roberts' own words to his
troops : ' Exposed to extreme heat by day, bivouacking under
heavy rains, marching long distances not infrequently with
reduced rations, the endurance, cheerfulness and gallantry
displayed by all ranks is beyond praise."
Shortly after arriving at Bloemfontein the battalion took
part in the fighting at Karee. A line of low hills some 18
miles to the north of Bloemfontein lay across the path to
Pretoria, and here the Boers had prepared a strong position
from which it was necessary to drive them away. The task
was allotted to the 7th Division, and on the 28th March our
troops advanced to the attack.
The hills lay silent until the leading troops on the right flank
were within a few hundred yards, and then suddenly came
a murderous fire which caused many casualties and checked
the advance. Under such cover as was procurable the Boer
fire was answered, but little progress could be made for some
time. In the afternoon the East Lancashire men who had been
304
laying down exposed to a desultury fire, were ordered to take
a large detached kopje afterwards known as the " Lancashire
hill." Advancing in extended order, the hill was successfully
occupied in spite of all resistance at 6.15 p.m., when the Boers
evacuated all their positions and retired northwards. Owing
to skilful leading the battalion escaped with the comparatively
slight loss of 17 N.C.O. and men killed and wounded, and
earned the special praise of General Tucker who commanded
the division.
On the 3rd May, the regiment went forward in the general
advance upon Pretoria, and on the 10th came under the fire
of the Boer defences on the north bank of the Zand River.
The East Lancashire was at once ordered to capture the
kopje which formed the key of the Boer position, and this was
done with the loss of only six killed and wounded, although the
battalion had to face artillery, pom-pom, and rifle fire.
Again advancing, the battalion reached Johannesburg, where
on the 31st May, it marched past Lord Roberts.
In congratulating his troops Lord Roberts again drew atten-
tion to the conditions which prevailed during the inarch. " The
sudden variations in temperature, between the warm sun in the
day time and the bitter cold at night, have been peculiarly
trying to the troops, who frequently had to bivouac after long
and trying marches without fire wood and with scanty rations."
Following on the occupation of Pretoria, and the adoption
of guerilla tactics by the Boers, is a continuous record of
hard marches and skirmishes too numerous to be detailed
in this short history, the character of which may be judged
from the fact that when under General Hamilton's command,
the East Lancashires marched in some three and a half months
a distance of 1,100 miles. In the words of their General :
" They proved indefatigable on the march, no matter how long
or how incessant. On outpost duty they were most reliable,
their conduct has been admirable."
305
In the safe guarding of British convoys, the capturing of those
of the Boers, or in successfully repelling sudden attacks on
their posts, the East Lancashires took no little part in the
incessant operations which gradually wore down the Boer
resistance. Their many months 5 work in the construction
of the blockhouse lines, with wire fencing and trenches stretching
over the country for mile after mile, also did much to enable
the mounted men to hunt down the Boer commandos.
Amongst these mounted men the East Lancashire Mounted
Infantry had a record second to none. Under the gallant
Captain Head it made a splendid defence of a convoy at
Waterval Drift against De Wet and 1,400 Boers, it fought at
Paardeberg, in the advance on Pretoria, at the Zand River
(where Captain Head was mortally wounded), and at Vaalbank,
when Delarey's convoy, 143 prisoners, and 9 guns were captured.
A daring act of self sacrifice was performed by Lieutenant
Goodwyn and 10 men in the defence of a British convoy near
Klerksdorp, where they fought 60 Boers for a sufficient time
to enable our guns to escape capture, with a loss to themselves
of five killed and wounded and the rest eventually made
prisoners. Corporal Connery was promoted Sergeant and
Private Burrows was promoted Corporal for their gallantry on
this occasion.
Again, shortly afterwards, in the same neighbourhood, the
East Lancashire Company galloped into a Boer position held by
three times their own number, and being reinforced by another
company drove them out, capturing the Boer convoy and
25 prisoners. Space does not allow of the record of their
many other dashing adventures in the way of night marches
and drives, but the fact that on one occasion they covered 80
miles in 24 hours speaks volumes for the spirit they displayed.
Much excellent service was also put in during the campaign
by the Militia and Volunteers of the Regiment. The 3rd
Battalion volunteered for active service and embarked for
--,v-~-'. -"
',
.
,
..
306
South Africa on 16th February, 1900, returning home on
24th March, 1902. During its employment at the seat of war
much harassing and dangerous work fell to it while guarding
the long lines of communication on which our troops depended
for their supplies, a duty cheerfully and successfully carried
out. The work performed also by the service companies of the
volunteers who joined and fought with their regular comrades
earned the highest praise, and reflected the greatest credit
on the force they so well represented.
The total losses of the regiment were 7 officers, 59 N.C.O.
and men killed, or died of wounds, disease, &c., and one officer
and 39 men wounded.
The following officers and soldiers of the Regiment have won
special distinctions for gallantry on the field of battle : (Dis-
tinctions other than the Victoria Cross won by officers are
omitted through want of space.)
The Victoria Cross.
Lieutenant Mark Walker. Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. For
distinguished gallantry in the battle of Inkerman.
Captain E. H. Sartorius. Afghan War, 1879-81. For
distinguished gallantry in attacking and routing a party of
Ghazis who had taken up a strong position among the rocks,
on 23rd October, 1879, at Shahjui.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct in the Field.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant-Major W. Hunns;
Quartermaster-Sergeant M. Tooner ; Colour-Sergeant D.
Sullivan ; Corporals C. Dillon, J. Johnson, J. Ollerton, S.
Weale ; Privates J. Andrews, J. Alexander, T. Fennell, P.
Grant, H. Holmes, T. McDonald, C. Quigley, G. Richardson,
J. Smith, T. Fitzpatrick.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant- Majors J. T.
Mathewson, P. Lydon ; Quarter master- Sergeant S. H.
Williamson ; Colour Sergeants C. Connor, W. Oxford, F.
Sisson, W. Willis ; Sergeants J. Dawber, J. McLoughlin,
H. Miller ; Corporal H. Bamber ; Lance-Corporal J. Finch ;
Private H. Clowes.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
-
31
BADGE.
The United Red and White Rose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE OH THE COLOURS.
" DKTTINUEN," " GUADALOUPE," " TALAVEKA," " ALBUHERA," " VITTOHIA,"
" PYRENEES," " NIVELLE," " NIVE," " ORTHES," "PENINSULA," " CABOOL, 1842,' :
" MOODKEE," " FEROZESIIAH," " ALIWAX," " SOURAON," " SEVASTOPOL,"
" TAKU FORTS," " NEW ZEALAND," "AFGHANISTAN, 1878-79," " SUAKIN, 1885,''
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " RELIEF or LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-KINGSTON-9N-THAME8,
MILITIA.
J3rd Battalion (1st Royal Surrey Miiitia)
ith Battalion (3rd Royal Surrey Militia)
Kin g st on- on- Thames.
Kingston- on- Thames.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
4st Surrey
hid
Cambenuell.
Wimbledon.
3rd
. . Kingston-on- Thames.
4th 27, St. John's Hill, Clapham
Junction.
LOXDO N:
PRINTED FOR His MAJT.SIT'S STATIONKUT OFUCE,
BY HARRISON AN'D SON'S, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
I'llINTEKS IN OHD1NARY TO His MAJESTY.
A id to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, fr.y.n
WOIAN AND SON'S, I/ro., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
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309
THE EAST SURREY REGIMENT.
THE 1st Battalion (formerly the 31st Regiment of Foot)
was raised in 1702 as a battalion of Marines for service
in the war of the Spanish Succession, and supplied
five companies for service in the fleet, in an expedition against
Spain within two months of its formation. It was present with
Rooke's expedition to Cadiz and at the destruction of shipping
at Vigo.
On July 21st, 1704, it formed part of a force of
1,800 British and Dutch Marines which was landed by
the fleet to attack the fortress of Gibraltar. After a bom-
bardment of three days the garrison was forced to capitulate.
The attack of the seamen and Marines is recorded in history
to have been one of the boldest and most difficult ever per-
formed.
In the following October, Gibraltar was besieged by the
Spaniards and French for a period of no less than seven months,
during which it was successfully defended by the Navy and
Marines.
In the following years the battalion served in many opera
tions in the Mediterranean, being present at the capture of
the fortress of Montjuich, surrender of Barcelona, and capture
of Carthagena, Alicant, Ivica and Majorca.
After the peace of Utrecht was concluded in 1713, instruc-
tions were issued for the Marine regiments to be disbanded.
Goring's regiment was, however, ordered to be retained,
and was placed on the line establishment as the 31st Regiment
of Foot, taking rank according to the date of its original
formation in 1702.
310
As the 31st Foot, the 1st Battalion served in Scotland
against " The Pretender " in 1715, passed over to Ireland in
1716, and remained there many years. It returned to England
in 1739, and was sent with the forces to Flanders in 1742. In
the following year it gained the first honour now borne upon
the colours, at Dettingen. During the early part of the day
the 20th and 31st Regiments were in reserve in a wood on
the British right, but towards the afternoon they were led
into action by His Majesty King George IT. in person. The
facings and breeches of the 31st being of the same colour as
those worn by the 3rd " Buffs," King George mistook it
for the latter regiment, and called out " Bravo, Buffs," and
when reminded that it was the 31st and not the " Old Buffs,"
His Majesty rejoined, " Bravo, Young Buffs ! " This name,
valuable for the time and manner of its being conferred, has
been since retained by the battalion as a traditional title.
At Fontenoy, in 1745, it gained great distinction for its
conspicuous bravery, but it lost very heavily the Grena-
dier company bringing only 11 men out of the field of the 75
it took into action, besides losing its captain and subalterns.
After some further service it was recalled in consequence of the
rebellion in Scotland, and remained in England until 1749,
when it embarked for Minorca.
The 31st was one of the 15 regiments ordered to raise
2nd Battalions in 1756, but these new formations were con-
stituted as distinct corps two years later, the 2nd Battalion of
the 31st becoming the 70th Regiment. In 1881, after a
lapse of 123 years, both were again united under the title of
the East Surrey Regiment. The 2nd Battalion was originally
largely recruited in Glasgow, and, owing to that fact, and the
facings being at first light grey, the men were commonly
called the " Glasgow Greys." In 1765 the 1st Battalion
embarked for Florida, and suffered most severely from yellow
fever, at one period being only able to muster one corporal
311
and six men for duty. Before returning to England in 1774
it saw arduous service with successful results against the
Caribs of St. Vincent. The 1st Battalion was engaged in
the war with the American colonies in 1776, and detach-
ments were hotly engaged at Ticonderago and Stillwater,
and the Grenadier and light companies were surrendered at
Saratoga in 1777.
In 1793 the flank companies embarked for Barbadoes,
and had a share in the capture of Martinique by Sir Charles
Grey. Here also the 70th Kegiment, now the 2nd Battalion,
played a notable part, being specially commended in Sir
Charles Grey's despatches for its " great spirit." It was again
sent to the West Indies in 1810, when it was distinguished
at the capture of Guadaloupe, adding that name to the colours
of the regiment.
In 1804, when the 1st Battalion was stationed at Jersey,
a young private, named William Pentenny, distinguished
himself by a very gallant act. The magazine in the centre of
the town at St. Heliers having caught fire, he broke in the
doors and succeeded in removing the powder barrels out of
danger. He was awarded a pension of 20 a year from the
Patriotic Fund, 12 by the States of Jersey, and a gold medal,
and he was ordered to wear a ring of silver lace round his arm
as a further distinction.
As the 31st Foot, the 1st Battalion gained great distinc-
tion in the Peninsular War. After Talavera it was specially
mentioned in despatches and General Orders for its gallantry.
At Albuhera it surpassed itself, holding the ground which
it had occupied on the right, as Napier says, " while the
French horsemen riding violently over everything else,
penetrated to all parts." Wellington, in recommending
Major L'Estrange, who was in command, " in the strongest
manner," said that this little battalion alone held its ground
against all the " Colonnes en masse." The battalion con-
312
tinued with Sir Eowland Hill's Division, and in 1813 was
present at Vittoria and in the action of the Pyrenees, and
gained also the distinction of " Nivelle," " Nive," and " Orthes,"
for the regimental colours.
In connection with this campaign it is interesting to note
that the colour of the 31st regiment was added to the shield
and crest of the Earl of Strafford in commemoration of the
storming of the heights of St. Pierre, which was most gallantly
performed by the 1st Battalion 31st Regiment under the
late Earl, then Major-General Byng, who himself ascended
the hill first, with the colours of the regiment in his hand.
In February, 1824, the right wing of the 1st Battalion
embarked for India on board the Kent, East Indiaman.
During a storm in the Bay of Biscay the vessel caught fire
and was totally destroyed. The discipline of the men under
these terrible circumstances was beyond all praise, and, in
a great measure, owing to this fact, over 550 people out of
637 were saved.
The Indian service of the battalion during the subsequent
years was most distinguished. In January, 1842, it proceeded
to Jcllalabad, where it suffered much hardship, and, after serving
with distinction in a punitive expedition against the Shin-
warris, advanced on Cabul.
The advance on Cabul was a succession of skirmishes,
oftentimes by night as well as by day. On the night of
12th September, the battalion was engaged until daybreak,
and throughout the arduous march, and in the various engage-
ments with the enemy, it was always well to the front.
The 1st Battalion also shared in all the glories of the Sutlej
campaign. In May, 1843, it was sent to reduce the city and
State of Khytul to British subjection, when it successfully
performed all the objects of the expedition. It was, however,
apain ordered to the front in November, 1843, and proceeded
to Ferozepore, where it arrived on 1st December, and remained
313
(as a corps of observation) until April 19th, 1844, when it
returned to Umballa.
During the years 1843-45 many men continued to die from
the effects of the Cabul campaign, and in July of the latter
year the battalion was stricken with cholera in a most fearful
manner. In one month it lost 89 men, women, and children.
In the beginning of December, 1845, the inclination of the
Sikh Sirdars to invade the British territories appeared to
increase, and about the llth of that month they actually
crossed the Sutlej. The 1st Battalion won fresh laurels during
the operations against these invaders.
After long and harassing marches the battalion arrived
at the village of Moodkee on 18th December, having on that
day performed a march of not less than 25 miles. The
men were pitching their tents when the alarm was given
that the enemy were upon them, and the gallant fellows
rushed to arms, and, moving forward under a heavy fire of
round and grape shot, entered the jungle. It was here that
Lieutenant- Colonel Bolton, the officer in command, received his
death wound. His last emphatic words were, " Steady,
31st, and fire low." In this short but hard-fought action
the battalion suffered severely : 9 officers, 155 rank and
file were either killed or wounded, but its intrepid valour
bore down all opposition. It suffered also very severely at
Ferozeshah, but bore itself splendidly. Though greatly
reduced in numbers its spirit was retained, and it was ready
for action in the following year ? 1846, gaining new honours
in the storming of Aliwal and the crowning victory of Sobraon.
The battalion acted with great bravery in both these actions,
and added two more honours to those already obtained.
At the former place it captured a standard, and also a deserter
from the East India Company's service who had joined the
enemy, and was at this period a colonel of artillery in the
Sikh service. At the battle of Sobraon the officer carrying the
x 2
314
regimental colour fell mortally wounded ; a young sergeant
named Bernard McCabe seizing the colour, which had fallen
from the wounded officer's hand, rushed forward, crossed a ditch
and planted it on the highest part of the ramparts. For hb
gallantry, Sergeant Bernard McCabe was promoted to a com-
mission as Ensign in the 18th Royal Irish on 8th May, 1840.
The battalion returned home covered with honour, and was
most enthusiastically received in 18 iG.
In 1855 the 1st Battalion landed in the Crimea, and shared
in the operations before Sevastopol, thereby adding another
honour to the colours of the regiment.
It did excellent service in the Chinese War of I860, gaining
the honour of the " Taku Forts " for the colours.
Meanwhile the 2nd Battalion had not been idle. Under
the command of Colonel Chute, it proceeded to New Zealand
in 1863 on the outbreak of the Maori War, and under his
command took part in the numerous operations and aptions
in the provinces of Waikato and Taranaki. Colonel Chute
eventually succeeded to the command of the British force
in New Zealand, and brought the war to a successful termina-
tion. He received the thanks of the Government and the
reward of K.C.B.
In October, 1871, under the command of Colonel W. S.
Cooper, the battalion embarked at Queenstown for India ;
and in 1878, under Colonel Piggott, who had succeeded to
the command, was ordered to form part of the Quetta column
of the Candahar Field Force under Sir Michael Biddulph.
As the advanced guard, it led the way across the Chena and
Indus, through the Bolan Pass, Quetta, and the Khojar Pass
to Candahar. The battalion formed a junction with Sir
Donald Stewart's column and took Candahar, and subsequently
advanced within reach of the Helmund.
In 1884, in conjunction with the Royal Irish Regiment,
this battalion was, at short notice, ordered to Egypt, to form
315
part of the force being formed to proceed to the relief of
General Gordon at Khartoum, but, having arrived just too
late, it was ordered to proceed to Suakin, under Sir Gerald
Graham. Here it was attached to Sir J. McNeill's Brigade,
and took a foremost part under the command of Colonel
Ralston, in all actions and operations, notably the fight of
Hasheen, attack on the convoy on 26th March, and subse-
quent advance on Tamai.
The next war service of the regiment was against the Boers.
The East Surreys formed part of the Natal army under Sir
Redvers Buller, being one of the regiments of General Hild-
yard's Brigade, and took an active part in the heavy fighting
among the Tugela Heights. It first came into contact with
the enemy in the engagement at Willow Grange on the 22nd
November, 1899, which marked the turning point of the Boer
invasion of Natal.
In the battle of Colenso on the 15th December, General
Hildyard's Brigade was ordered to attack the town of Colenso
and the bridge over the Tugela, a point which the Boers had
made special preparations to defend. Advancing in open
order the brigade made a most gallant advance in spite of a
very hot fire, and succeeded in establishing itself in Colenso,
when the unfortunate loss of the artillery made its further
efforts useless, and much disappointed, but with perfect
steadiness, the East Surreys and other units of the brigade
withdrew.
On the 18th February, 1900, it took*a prominent part in the
assault and captuYe of the important hill of Monte Cristo,
a strategical position which rendered the Boer trenches at
Colenso useless to them, and paved the way to the success at
Pieter's Hill on the 27th February. In the assault of this
latter position the East Surreys were in the final charge which
swept away the Boers from their last entrenchments with a
loss of 500 men, and forced them to raise the siege of Ladysmith
316
with the result that on the 3rd March the East Surreys with
their comrades marched into the town.
The regiment then went forward under Sir Redvers Buller
and took an active part in driving the Boers out of Natal.
The formidable position of Laing's Nek was expected to offer
great difficulties, but the masterly turning movements of Sir
Redvers Buller, and the capture of Alleman's Nek on the
12th June, in which the East Surrey Regiment took a con-
spicuous part, forced the Boers to evacuate their carefully
prepared entrenchments.
Although taking part in no other great battles, the regiment
had much hard work in the subsequent operations in the
Transvaal, and in the latter phases of the campaign, when the
Boers adopted their guerilla tactics. Long marches, in pursuit
of flying commandos, or as escorts to convoys, incessant
skirmishing, and months of vigilant watching in garrison or
in blockhouse lines fully demonstrated the soldierlike qualities
of the regiment.
One officer and 111 N.C.O. and men were killed in action
or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 10 officers and 206 N.C.O.
and men were wounded in the course of the war, a striking
testimony to the services the regiment was called upon to
perform.
Both of the militia battalions displayed their patriotic
spirit by volunteering for active service, and the 3rd Battalion
embarked for South Africa on the 5th June, 1901, and served
there until July, 1902. The 4th Battalion embarked on 19th
March, 1902, and returned home on 25th September following.
During the war the militia contributed largely to the success
of the campaign by guarding the lines of communicationj on
which so much depended.
Nor were the volunteers less eager to share the hardships
and dangers of active service. The selected companies
furnished by the East Surrey Battalions joined their
317
comrades of the regular forces, and marched and fought
with them with a spirit and endurance that reflected the
greatest credit on the battalions they represented.
The following soldiers of the East Surrey Regiment have
won special distinction for gallant conduct on the battlefield :
The Victoria Cross.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Private A. E. Curtis.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Sutlej Campaign, 1845-46 ; Crimean Campaign, 1854-55 ;
China Campaign, 1860. Sergeant G. Search.
New Zealand Campaign, 1864. Private G. Bowling.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant- Majors H. G.
Clay, J. Anderton ; Colour-Sergeants H. G. Percey, F. W.
Hilliard. W. Lyne ; Sergeant F. Leavens ; Lance- Corporals
S. Fisher, R. Parris ; Privates W. Morton, E. Brady, W. Boxer,
W. Love grove.
GOD SAVE THE KING,
THE DUKE OF CORNWALL'S
LIGHT INFANTRY.
BADGE.
The United Bed and White Rose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" DETTINOEN," " D'JIINICA," " ROLEIA," "VIMIERA," " CORCNNA," "SALAMANCA,"
"PYRENEES,' "NIVELLE," " NIVE," " ORTHES," "PENINSULA," "WATERLOO,"
" POTSJAUB," " MOOLTAN," " GOOJERAT," "SEVASTOPOL," " LUCKNOW,"
" EGTPT, 1882," " TEL-EL -KEBIR," " XILE, 1884-5," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" PAARDEBERG."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-BODMIN,
MILITIA:
3rd Battalion (Royal Cornwall Eangers Militia)
1st
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
Truro. \ 2nd
Sod in in .
Sod in in.
L X D N :
PRINTED FOR His MA.IKSI-T'S STATIONERY OFFICK,
BY HAUUISON AND SON'S, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DCLIW.
321
THE DUKE OF CORNWALL'S LIGHT
INFANTRY.
THE Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry was formed in 1881
of the 32nd and 46th Regiments of Foot, and the historical
records of these two corps when combined give the territorial
Regiment of Cornwall a history which places it among the
most famous regiments of the British Army.
Little more can be done in the space of this pamphlet
than to mention the more important services of those gallant
men who have built up the well-deserved reputation of the
regiment. This, however, may stimulate Cornishmen to
take a keener interest and pride in their county corps, so
that there may never be wanting a sufficient number of
young men of spirit to fill the ranks, and maintain the
reputation of the regiment.
The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry dates from 1702,
and for the first 13 years of its existence served on board
ship as marines. In this capacity it saw a considerable
322
amount of active service, starting in the first year of its
formation, when it was engaged in a vigorous and successful
attack on the harbour and shipping of Cadiz, under the
Duke of Ormond.
Among various services it was engaged with distinction
in the defence of Gibraltar, when the Spanish Commander
attempted to storm the round tower, and in an extract from
a work entitled " The Triumphs of Her Majesty's Army,"
the following remark appears : " Encouraged by the
example of the Prince of Hesse, the garrison did more than
could humanly be expected, and the English marines gained
immortal glory." Colonel Borr was also mentioned for
distinguished courage. The regiment followed this gallant
service by equally good conduct at the defence of the fortress
of Lerida, in Spain, the next year, and was present at the
decisive action of Balbrasto, where, after seven hours' hard
fighting, the French were forced to retire.
In 1715 the regiment ceased to serve as marines, and was
enrolled in the army as the 32nd Regiment of Foot, and in
1742 the 2nd Battalion commenced its career as the 46th
Regiment. The following year the regiment was repre-
sented at the glorious battle of Dettingen, where, under the
personal command of King George II, our soldiers gained a
complete victory over a French army superior in numbers,
and with the advantage of position.
After fighting bravely at Fontenoy in 1745 the regiment
was hastily recalled to Scotland to face the Highland clans
of the Young Chevalier, and the battle of Culloden ended
the rebellion.
The next service of note was its participation in the
campaigns against the French among the forests and
lakes of North America, which in 1760 resulted in the
conquest of Canada, a territory which has since become one
of our most valuable colonies. It then carried its victorious
323
arms into the West Indies, where it took a distinguished
part in the capture of Martinique from the French, and
Havannah from the Spanish, the latter being, it is said, the
richest prize our soldiers had ever taken. In 1775 pait of
the regiment was wrecked outside the cove of Cork, when
two officers and 90 men perished.
During the conflict which took place when the American
Colonies declared their independence, the Duke of Cornwall's
Light Infantry, in common with other regiments of the British
Army, saw much hard and desperate service, and emerged from
the contest with a reputation for gallantry and daring gained
by conduct, of which the following instance is a striking
example : The Light Company took part in an attack against
General Wayne's brigade on the 20th September, 1777, near
Brandy wine Creek, in which the Americans were surprised and
utterly defeated, losing upwards of 300 men, besides their arms
and baggage. The Americans vowed vengeance for this attack,
and swore that they would give no quarter to those who had
defeated them ; the men of the Light Company, therefore,
declared that to prevent anyone engaged in the action suffering
on their account, they had stained their feathers red as a
distinguishing mark, a message being sent to the enemy to
this effect. For this act of courage the Light Company were
authorised to wear a red feather, this honour being after-
wards extended to the whole Regiment, and is still preserved
by wearing red cloth under the helmet-plate and cap badge,
and also by wearing a red puggaree with the white helmet
on foreign service.
The regiment next proceeded to the West Indies, and in
1778, and on several subsequent occasions, did good service in
assisting at the capture of many valuable islands from the
French, Among the most important of these services was
the campaign against the Caribs of the Island of St.
Vincent, where it was engaged on no less than 13 occasions,
324
and in eight months lost 400 men out of a total strength of 520.
Also at Dominica the regiment greatly distinguished itself
by a gallant and successful defence of the island against a
superior force of the French, on which occasion it won the
word " Dominica " for its colours, and the inhabitants of the
colony testified their gratitude by presenting the officers
with a service of silver plate.
In 1807 the 1st Battalion, 1,000 strong, not one man being
missing, embarked for Copenhagen, and was present at the
capture of that city. In the following year it joined the army
sent from this country to help the Spaniards and Portuguese
to free themselves from the yoke of Napoleon, and in the
campaign which followed, added to its colours the names of
three British victories Eoleia, Vimiera, and Corunna. In
Sir John Moore's masterly retreat upon Corunna the arduous
duty of protecting the stores of the army was given to the
Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, a service rendered difficult
and dangerous, as superior forces of the enemy pressed closely
on the British columns. In the battle fought at Corunna to
cover the embarkation of the army the regiment took a promi-
nent part in the total defeat of the enemy, its losses in the
battle amounting to 250 non-commissioned officers and men.
In the July following, it participated in the attack on Flushing,
and during this campaign the high esteem in which the regiment
was held was borne testimony to by the gallant Sir Eyre Coote,
who said, " When the 32nd are on the advanced posts I can
sleep soundly."
In June, 1811, the regiment proceeded to the Peninsula
a second time, landing at Lisbon, where its stay, however,
was but short, as it was soon in the field again under Lord
Wellington, and after various small skirmishes, took part in
the battle of Salamanca, forming part of the storming party.
It was here that a drum which had been lost at Corunna was
recovered.
325
In May, 1813, the Cornwall regiment was again fighting
under the Duke of Wellington, and took part in the battles
of the Pyrenees, and subsequently in the battles of Nivelle,
Nive. and Orthes, in all of which it was greatly distinguished.
In addition to the honours granted for these three battles
the word " Peninsula " was authorised to be borne on the
colours.
There was still more fighting in store for the regiment,
and in April, 1815, it embarked for the Netherlands. On
arriving at Ostend it was conveyed up the canal to Ghent,
and then marched to Brussels. It was engaged at Quatre
Bras, where, out of a total strength of 600, only 160 escaped
being either killed or wounded. It was also engaged at
Waterloo, where the loss in both officers and men was very
heavy, only 130 men coming out of action.
After Waterloo the services of the regiment were not
required in the field of war until the Punjaub campaign of
1848-9, when the warlike Sikhs for the last time measured
their strength against this nation. At the capture of
Mooltan and at the battle of Goozerat it served with its
usual distinction, and the annexation of the Punjaub to our
Indian Empire was the fruit of the British victories.
In 1854 the regiment was represented at the battles of
the Alma and Inkerman, doing good service in the trenches
before Sevastopol, as well as in the sanguinary assaults on
the Redan.
In 1857 it fell to the lot of the men of the Duke of Corn-
wall's Light Infantry to link their regiment with the place
that stands out amidst the annals of the Indian Mutiny
with a brightness that years cannot dim. Lucknow, made
famous by its gallant defence and heroic relief, was the station
of the regiment at the time of the outbreak of the Mutiny,
and on it, therefore, fell the brunt of that weary siege, when
for four months the European residents were penned up
326
within a group of buildings, surrounded by thousands
of Sepoys thirsting for their lives. Every art and artifice
was tried by the mutineers, only to be foiled by the dauntless
courage of the small garrison. The Cornish miners in the
ranks of the regiment worked with magnificent devotion
at the perilous task of making mines, counter-mines, and
other underground defences, and every officer and man risked
every peril to save the women and children from the Cawnpore
ruffians. After four months of incessant danger and anxiety,
during which day by day the garrison diminished, the welcome
sound of the Highland pipes heralded the approach of Sir Henry
Havelock, and on the 25th of September the relieving force
entered the gates of the Residency. For two months longer
indeed the mutineers persisted in the siege, but the reinforced
garrison was never in danger of succumbing, and the final
relief of the place was effected by Lord Clyde. The losses of
the regiment at Lucknow were 379 killed and 209 wounded.
The constancy and valour of the regiment were rewarded by
its being made a Light Infantry Corps, and it was granted a
castle as a cap badge, in addition to the word " Lucknow "
for the colours. On its return from India it was also personally
thanked by Her late Majesty Queen Victoria.
The Egyptian campaign of 1882 gave the regiment its
next opportunity for displaying its fighting qualities ; it was
engaged at Kafr-Dowar, El Magfar, Tel-el-Mahuta, Kassassin
twice, and Tel-el-Kebir, losing 4 officers and some 50 men
during the campaign, and winning for its colours " Egypt "
and " Tel-el-Kebir." Some two years later it was with the
river column under General Earle, working its way with
dauntless perseverance up the Nile in the hope of saving
Gordon and Khartoum, a hope, unfortunately, not realised.
Its next field service was in Burmah, where it was engaged
in restoring peace and order in that recent addition to our
Empire, and in 1897 the battalion of the regiment stationed in
327
India formed part of the Tirah Expedition on the north-west
frontier of India.
The South African Campaign of 1899-1902 next furnished
the Cornishmen with an opportunity of adding to the high
reputation of their regiment.
Very shortly after the arrival of the 2nd Battalion at the
scene of action, it took part in one of the few early successes of
the war at Douglas early in January, 1900. A laager of
Colonial rebels was located and dashed at with complete
success, and 40 prisoners were handed over to the Colonial
authorities to be taught the folly of rebellion. The Duke of
Cornwall's Light Infantry then found itself brigaded with the
Shropshires, Gordons and Canadians, under General Smith-
Dorrien, forming what was by general consent admitted to be
one of the finest brigades of Lord Roberts' fine army. Straining
every nerve they marched in hot haste after the wily Cronje
as he fled before the British advance, and in the operations
which resulted in his capture at Paardeberg no corps did
better work.
In the attack of the 18th February, which rolled up Cronje's
defences into a mass which afterwards made such an admirable
target for our artillery, the Cornishmen were pre-eminent.
The river banks were held by hundreds of Boer
marksmen strongly entrenched and hidden by thick bushes,
and to get at them it was necessary to cross an open plain
where nothing could interfere with the aim of the enemy.
Led by Colonel Aldworth the battalion charged across this
fire-swept space and dashed right up to the river bank from
which they drove the enemy. In the words of Sir Conan Doyle
the charge " was the admiration of all who saw it." 56 officers
and men were the price the regiment paid for this deed of daring,
and among the killed was its gallant colonel.
The actions of Poplar Grove, Driefontein, Thabanachu and
Doornkop, Johannesburg, marked the progress of the Cornish-
328
men with Lord Roberts' army until on the 5th of June they
marched, war- worn but triumphant, into the streets of Pretoria.
Space forbids a detailed account of the marches, drives and
fights in which the regiment participated during the long
drawn-out guerilla war which ensued until the Boers were
taught the uselessness of further resistance ; but alike in the
solitary and tedious block-house duty, as in the hot charges
at Paardeberg, the Cornish regiment in all its services fully
maintained its own reputation and the honour of its county.
Seven officers and 94 N.C.O. and men were killed or died
of wounds, disease, &c., and 6 officers and 49 N.C.O. and
men were wounded during the war.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won special
distinctions for acts of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
During the Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Captain H. G. Browne,
Lieutenant S. H. Lawrence, Surgeon W. Bradshaw, Corporal
W. Oxenham, Private W. Dowling.
During the operations in Somaliland, 1904. Lieutenant
C. L. Smith.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant W. Weldon ;
Corporals W. Barker, W. Bishop, J. Goodman, G. Lake ;
Privates J. Harrowing, T. Ryan, R. Bartrom, M. Smith,
A. Brown, J. Hickson, J. Neenan, J. Newton, H. Phillips,
J. Todd.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Sergeant- Major J. Kelly.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Sergeant P. Riordan, Private
J. Harris.
329
Soudan Campaign, 1884. Sergeant-Major G. Can, Sergeant
R. B. Briscoe.
Soudan Campaign, 1885-6. Privates W. Dines, J. Hart.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant- Major
C. Powers ; Colour- Sergeants F. J. Clemo, D. Owen, H. J.
Smith, J. E. James ; Sergeants J. F. Simons, J. Edgar,
E. Woolcock ; Corporals A. Bedford, H. Cooper ; Private
J. J. Thompson.
Promoted for Service in the Field.
Burmese Campaign 1891-2. Corporal H. Richardson.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
Y 2
THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S
West Riding Regiment,
BADGE AND MOTTO.
The late Duke of Wellington's Crest, with the Motto in an Egcroll above,
" Virtutis fort una comes."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Elephant, superscribed " HINDOOSTAN."
"DETTINGEV," "MYSORE," " SERINGAPATAM," " ALLY GHUR," " DELHI, 1808,"
" LESWARREE," ' DEIO," "NiVE," "PENINSULA," " WATERLOO," "ALMA," "INKERMAN,'
"SEVASTOPOL," "ABYSSINIA," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-1902," "RELIEF OF KIMBERLEY,'
" PAARDEBERG."
UNIFORM SCARLET FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters HALIFAX,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (6th West York Militia) Halifax.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1st . . . . . . Halifax. \ 2nd . . . . Httddersfleld.
3rd .. .. .. Skipt on -in- Craven.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICB,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, B.C., or
OLIVKR AND JiOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONliY, 110, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
333
THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S
WEST RIDING REGIMENT.
THIS regiment, the two battalions of which were formerly
the 33rd and 76th Regiments of Foot, has for many years
looked to Yorkshire to maintain its ranks, and since 1881 it
has become more intimately associated with the county by the
headquarters of the Territorial Regiment being permanently
fixed at Halifax.
The 1st Battalion possesses the soubriquet of the " Havercake
Lads," the tradition being that its recruiting sergeants in old
times displayed an oat cake on the point of their swords, pre-
sumably as an inducement to hungry recruits. The 2nd
Battalion was familiarly known as " The Immortals," a
name gained in the old Indian wars under Lord Lake, when
nearly every man of the regiment bore the marks of at least
one wound.
The regiment was first formed in 1702, and almost imme-
diately proceeded abroad to take its part in the marches,
counter-marches, sieges and battles of the war of the Spanish
Succession. Fighting in Spain under the gallant Earl of
Peterborough", only five years after it was raised, we hear of its
particular gallantry at the siege of Valentia, where the advance
of the regiment, drums beating and colours flying, to the
assault of the breach, appears to have been made with a
courage and success which thus early established its reputation.
In 1707, however, the newly formed regiment was to have an
334
early experience of adversity, for at the battle of Almanza it
suffered very heavy loss, the British having been deserted by
their Portuguese allies, and surrounded by an overwhelming
force of French and Spaniards.
No service of importance followed until 1743, when it was
present at the battle of Dettingen, when the army was under the
personal command of King George II. In the victory gained
i>n this occasion, the foremost part was played by our infantry,
who repulsed charge after charge of the French horse, and
with their bayonets opened a way for their king and their
comrades at a time when the superior numbers of the enemy
threatened destruction to the British Army. Fontenoy
followed in 1745, where, with the same courage as at
Dettingen, our infantry penetrated the enemy's line and
nearly captured the French king and his son ; but the defection
of the Dutch soldiers, who should have helped them, made their
efforts useless, and they retired in good order.
The troops were hastily recalled from Germany to Scot-
land to put down the Highland clans who were in arms, but
returned to the Continent after the battle of Culloden had put
an end to the hopes of the Pretender. The West Eiding
Regiment had much manoeuvring, and fought in many a
forgotten fight and skirmish in Germany, building up for itself
wherever it served a reputation for courage and efficiency.
Particular mention is made of its conduct at Tongres, where
it petitioned to be allowed to attack a large body of the enemy,
and did so with great gallantry and effect.
During the American War of Independence the regiment
was employed under Lord Cornwallis, who was then its Colonel,
and saw some very hard service, in which the spirit and ardour
displayed gained for the regiment much praise, and at the con-
clusion of the war it returned home, with diminished numbers
and increased reputation. A winter's campaign in Holland
against the French in 1793 severely but satisfactorily tested
335
the hardihood of the Yorkshire lads, and almost immediately
afterwards, their duty called them to India.
Although our territories in India had rapidly expanded
since one or two factories held by the condescension of a
native ruler constituted all we had in India, yet there were
still many hostile princes, with large armies at their disposal, who
required all the efforts of our soldiers to keep them in check,
and it is with no small pride that we read of a handful of
sturdy British soldiers facing and beating by sheer daring
and pluck, large armies g often armed as well as themselves,
and sometimes officered by Europeans, but who invariably
gave way before the straight thrust of the English bayonet.
The cruel Tippoo Sahib, the Sultan of Mysore, was the
chief opponent of the English at this time, and accordingly,
in 1791, under the supreme command of Lord Cornwallis,
and with Colonel Wellesley (afterwards the great Duke of
Wellington) at their head, the West Riding made their way
with great difficulty to the walls of Seringapatam, the capital
and stronghold of the Sultan, and forced him to sign a treaty
which deprived him of half his territory. A few years later
the treachery of Tippoo recalled the regiment to Seringapatam,
and this time a severer reprisal was enacted, for at the capture
of the city, he fell fighting on the walls, and the accumulation
of many years of robbery and violence fell into the hands of
the British.
The next tale of glory in the regiment's history is the part
the 2nd Battalion took in the campaigns carried on under the
command of General Lake against the confederated Mahratta
chiefs, from 1803 to 1805. These chiefs, the most powerful of
whom were Scindiah and Holkar, could place in the field a
countless host of cavalry and many thousands of infantry,
trained and disciplined after European methods, together with
numerous artillery. They were, moreover, assisted by many
French adventurers, the most prominent of whom was one
336
named Perron, whose services Scindiah had rewarded by a grant
of territory, together with the strong Mahratta fortress of Ally-
Ghur, in which the Frenchman subsequently deposited the spoil
that he had accumulated during his career. On the approach
of General Lake's little force, Perron, at the head of 15,000
horsemen, attempted to bar the way, but on the English pre-
paring for action the Mahratta cavalry turned and fled without
striking a blow, and the English steadily advanced to within
sight of Ally-Ghur. They found it surrounded by a huge ditch,
large enough to float a line-of-battle ship, and connected with
the mainland by a narrow stone causeway defended by gates.
Preparations were made during the night for the assault, and
our gallant fellows, finding that the artillery could not batter
down the main gate, found a small wicket gate, through
which they helped each other, and after an hour's desperate
hand-to-hand fighting, in which 2,000 of the garrison
perished, the fortress, with its 180 guns, fell into our
possession.
General Lake next moved on Delhi, the capital of the
Great Mogul, which had been captured by the Mahrattas,
who had seized and blinded the aged Shah Alum. Outside
Delhi the English encountered an army of 19,000 horse and
foot, posted in a difficult position, and defended by 79 pieces
of artillery. Although our gallant fellows had already marched
18 miles, no time was lost by General Lake in marshalling his
5,000 men for the attack. The only English regiment with the
force was the 2nd Battalion West Riding, and the task naturally
fell to it of leading the assault, and, unmoved by the fire which
the Mahrattas opened upon them, the regiment steadily moved
on until within striking distance, and then, with a grand rush,
swept the Mahrattas from their guns, which were all captured.
Delhi fell into our hands, and the aged Mogul was liberated
from his captivity, and thereafter became a pensioner of this
country, being allowed such state surroundings as befitted one
337
who had once been Lord of Hindoostan. Stung by defeat,
Holkar, still at the head of a numerous army, proceeded to
ravage and burn part of the British territory, and was hotly
pursued by General Lake, who came up with him at
Leswarree. Immediately on his arrival the English general
sent his cavalry at the Mahrattas, and Holkar mounted and
fled, but his men, braver than he, stood their ground, and
being in a strong position, our cavalry could not dislodge
them. By this time our gallant infantry, by great exertions,
reached the scene of action, and again the West Riding men
had to bear the brunt of the attack. Although their previous
service had greatly thinned their ranks, our brave fellows
formed with their usual precision, and faced the 70 guns which
poured grape and canister upon them, and, with colours
to the front, they charged the guns with a determination
so resistless that no effort of the enemy could stop them.
Again all the Mahratta guns were captured, with all their
stores and camp equipage, and at the close of the action
7,000 men the flower of the Mahratta army lay dead on
the field.
Following hard upon this victory, the regiment, reduced
to " a handful of heroes," to quote the words of Lord Lake,
was required to assault the strong fortress of Deig, a task
which it is scarcely necessary to say was gallantly and effectu-
ally done. These glorious deeds of the regiment earned for it
the names of these victories on their colours, and as a further
mark of honour, the badge of " The Elephant," with the word
" Hindoostan," and a special set of colours were given to the
regiment.
It next took a distinguished part in the capture of the
Island of Bourbon, losing its colonel, however, at the moment
of victory. In 1813 it was with the conquering army under
Wellington, which drove back Napoleon's armies through the
rocky passes and mountain gorges of the Pyrenees, and
338
crossed the Nive in the face of the enemy ; and it was before
the fortress of Bayonne when the abdication of Napoleon
put an end to the great contest. The other battalion of the
regiment had been fighting in Holland and won considerable
credit for the dashing manner in which it had driven the
French from Mexam, a village near Antwerp.
As was only proper, the regiment took a distinguished
part in the last and greatest victory of the Duke of Wellington
at Waterloo. It was in Sir Colin Halkett's brigade, and had
met the cuirassiers and lancers in Ney's desperate cavalry
charges at Quatre Bras, and at Waterloo it stood fast under
the pitiless cannonade and fierce charges of cavalry which
hour after hour Napoleon hurled at the British. It was
evening ere the last and most formidable attack that of his
Old Guards had been successfully repulsed, and then the
West Riding lads vied with the Foot Guards in that grand
advance of the British line which swept the French army out
of all semblance of order, and drove them, a huddled mass,
on the road to Paris. The losses of the regiment were consider-
able in this glorious battle, and it was commanded by a captain
at the close of the day, all the senior officers having been
killed or wounded.
Many years of garrison duty fell to the lot of the regi-
ment after Waterloo a duty performed in all quarters of the
globe, and in a manner that made it as distinguished for its
good conduct and efficiency in time of peace as for its courage
and devotion on the battlefield, qualities again fully demon-
strated in the Crimean Campaign. At the battle of the Alma
the loss of the regiment, which was 8 officers and 258 men
killed or wounded, bears an eloquent testimony to the daunt-
less way it faced the hail of bullets with which the Russians
in vain attempted to stop its victorious advance. At
Inkerman they were among the brave soldiers that drove
back with desperate fighting six times their number of
339
Russians, and in the assaults on the Redan they lost many
a brave man in their gallant efforts to achieve the impossible.
At one time, indeed, they were actually in one of the Russian
batteries, but, being unsupported, were forced to retire after
a fierce conflict, in which 19 sergeants fell in the defence of the
colours of the regiment. In the dreary, cold, and dangerous
trenches before Sevastopol, and in spite of their ever thinning
ranks, the West Riding lads were always ready for any dashing
and perilous action, and none better earned the distinction of
the Crimea for their colours.
The regiment was next sent to India, but before it arrived
the great Mutiny was a thing of the past, but some good service
was put in by the regiment in the work of dispersing the
scattered bands of the defeated rebels. In 1867, the regiment
formed part of an expedition sent to Abyssinia to release some
of our countrymen, who had been imprisoned by the king of
that strange and almost unknown country. With much labour
our troops threaded the passes and defiles until they reached the
fortress of Magdala, where King Theodore had taken refuge,
but which was quickly captured by assault, and inside its walls
was discovered the lifeless body of the king. Two soldiers of
the 33rd received the Victoria Cross for being the first to
enter the fortress.
A detachment of the 2nd Battalion was engaged in the
Matabele Campaign in 1893 against Lobenguela, and again in
1896, in the expeditions which suppressed the native risings
in Mashonaland and Rhodesia. In 1899, it is interesting to
note that a detachment of 8 officers and 200 N.C.O. and men
of the regiment went from Bangalore to Seringapatam, at the
invitation of the Maharani of Mysore, to celebrate the gallant
deeds of their predecessors at the capture of Seringapatam
100 years before.
On 29th January, 1900, the 1st Battalion landed in South
Africa to take part in the Boer War, and formed part of the
340
6th Division under General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny. It
hurried forward in the advance by which Lord Eoberts sought
to cut off the Boer Army under Cronje, and after a spirited
little action, in which the West Ridings lost 2 officers, 28 N.C.O.
and men killed and wounded, Klipkraal Drift, one of Cronje' s
roads to safety, was cleverly seized and blocked against him.
Two other drifts were subsequently similarly secured, and
Cronje and his men were brought to bay at Paardeberg. Here
the Boers entrenched themselves strongly on the river banks,
with the British surrounding them on all sides. Such was the
position on the 18th February, when Cronje's position was
attacked. To get at the Boer marksmen, who lay hidden among
the bush-fringed banks of the river, it was necessary to advance
across an open plain without cover for about 1,000 yards in
the face of a most destructive fire. In their gallant charge
on this occasion the West Ridings lost 3 officers, 126 N.C.O.
and men in killed and wounded. The result of the action,
however, materially helped to bring about the surrender which
took place on the 27th February, when General Cronje, 46 of
his commandants and over 4,000 of his men and six guns fell
into our hands.
Space does not allow of the enumeration of all the many long
marches and gallant fights which fell to the lot of the regiment
during the campaign, but the fight at Rhenoster Kop, on the
29th November, deserves special notice.
Under General Paget, the West Ridings found themselves
in front of a strong Boer position, and as the Boers were more
numerous than the British, it was impossible to outflank it, as
was usually done. Nothing was possible, therefore, but a frontal
attack, and, side by side with a gallant New Zealand corps, the
Yorkshiremen advanced. By dint of desperate rushes under a
heavy fire, the men got within a few hundred yards of the Boer
position, but a further advance was impossible without a wanton
sacrifice of life, and taking cover behind ant hills and rocks, the
341
West Ridings lay and fired throughout the whole day, parched
with thirst and heat, but grimly resolute not to give way.
The Boers were reinforced in the afternoon, but could not drive
away the thin line of determined men in front of them, and
night at last fell with the position unaltered. Daybreak,
however, revealed the fact that, notwithstanding their numbers,
the Boers had fled in the night, and the position was won.
The West Ridings had then the melancholy task of burying their
gallant commanding officer, Lieut. -Colonel Lloyd, D.S.O., and
their comrades who had fallen. 4 officers and 29 N.C.O.
and men were killed or wounded in this stubborn little fight.
In all the varied occupations which the battalion was called
upon to undertake, it won the praise of its commanders. In
the words of General Sir Thomas Kelly-Kenny, the West
Ridings have every reason to be " proud of the work the batta-
lion did in the South African Campaign."
The total losses of the regiment were 7 officers, 130 N.C.O.
and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 13 officers,
and 188 N.C.O. and men were wounded.
The militia and volunteers also amply proved their value in
the campaign. The 3rd Battalion volunteered for active
service, and embarked on the 27th February, 1900, and did not
return until 9th May, 1902. In the meanwhile they did excel-
lent service in the harassing and trying work of guarding the
various lines of communication against the attacks of the Boer
commandos, and in looking after the Boer prisoners, and in
this latter duty the regiment gained the praise of General Settle
for frustrating a daring attempt at escape by means of an
underground tunnel. Nor were the volunteers one whit behind.
The two excellent service companies furnished by them for the
campaign marched and fought side by side with their regular
comrades with a spirit and endurance worthy of veteran soldiers.
The following soldiers of the regiment have gained special
distinctions for acts of courage on the field of battle :
342
The Victoria Cross.
During Abyssinian Campaign, 1867. Drummer M. Magner,
Private J. Bergin.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant W. Firth.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeants J. Stevenson, P. Reid,
J. Griffin ; Corporals J. Shaw, J. Muir ; Privates W. Callaghan,
W. Bryan, J. Mabbott, J. Sutton, T. Kneale, M. Heenahan
P. McGuire, B. Fitzgibbon, J. Ravenscroft, W. Gill.
New Zealand Campaign, 1866. Colour-Sergeant J. Mason.
Abyssinian Campaign, 1867. Lance-Corporal C. StifEord,
Private D. Collings.
Operations in China, 1900. Quartermaster-Sergeant E.
Brooke.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeants-Major G.
Kerns, A. Butterworth, L. Bellew ; Colour-Sergeants J. Church-
man, W. H. Throupe, W. B. Hobson ; Sergeants H. Walker,
F. Barren ; Lance-Corporal J. Kelly ; Privates J. Parry,
D. Donaghue, W. Halligan, C. Horsley, F. G. Williams, A. Wood,
R. Flynn ; Drummer C. Haig.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
ROYAL SUSSEX REGIMENT.
BADGE.
The United Red and White Rose.
The White (Roussillon) Plume.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" LOUISBURG," "QUEBEC, 1759," " MAIDA," "EGYPT, 1882," "NILE, 1884-5,"
" ABU KLEA," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-2."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGSBLUE.
Depot Headquarters OHICHESTEK,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Royal Sussex Militia) CJtichester.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1. let Brighton. \ 2. 2nd Worthing.
3. 1st Cinque Ports E.Y. Corps Hastings.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATION-BUY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WiTMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, K.C., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 110, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
357
THE ROYAL SUSSEX REGIMENT.
(Formerly the 35th and lojth Regiments.)
THE 1st Battalion was one of the corps raised before the
outbreak of the war of the Spanish Succession.
Its first colonel was Arthur, third Earl of Donegall, whose
appointment was dated 28th June, 1701. The uniform, equip-
ments, &c., of the regiment appear to have consisted of an
easy red coat, faced and lined with orange, a flapped waistcoat,
breeches, and long black gaiters. The officers carried half
pikes, the sergeants halberds, and the men were armed with
muskets, bayonets, and short swords, except the grenadiers,
who had firelocks instead of muskets, and carried a pouch of
hand grenades. It was appointed for sea service, with six
other regiments of foot, in 1702, and embarked for its first
active employment in the expedition to Cadiz organised by
Queen Anne.
Immediately afterwards it was despatched to Guadaloupe,
but was recalled to the relief of Gibraltar, and took part in
the defence of our new possession (1705). The regiment
landed in Catalonia with the Earl of Peterborough, and was
engaged in the capture of Barcelona. In the strenuous
defence of Montjuich it behaved splendidly, and there its
gallant colonel, Lord Donegall, fell, fighting nobly.
Before the corps returned to England it had a part in the
first line at the lost battle of Almanza, 25th April, 1707,
where it appears to have suffered heavily. Three of its
captains fell on that day. At the reduction of forces after the
Peace of Utrecht, the regiment was retained, and went
over to Ireland, where it had the singular fortune to remain
for more than 40 years. The regiment at length came over to
England in 1756, in order to be embodied with the forces
about to be despatched to America, where it was to gain the
first honour now borne upon its colours.
It took part in the desperate defence of Fort William
Henry, a fortress on the Canadian lakes, and when the am-
munition was exhausted and the fortifications untenable,
surrendered with the rest of the garrison to the French
commander, Montcalm. In violation, however, of the terms
under which they had agreed to march out, the disarmed
English soldiers, with their wives and children, were left
to the mercy of the Red Indians who were fighting on the
,'358
side of the French, and a dreadful massacre took place, in
which many hundreds fell. Retribution, however, speedily
fell upon the French, for soon afterwards, Louisburg, their
great naval arsenal and depot of their army in America, was
gallantly captured by the English In 1750, too, the Sussex
Regiment avenged their slaughtered comrades by their share
in -the glorious victory before Quebec, when Montcalm and
many of his best soldiers were left dead on the field. So
distinguished, indeed, was the conduct of the regiment on
this occasion that they were allowed, as a mark of distinc-
tion, to wear the plume of the French Grenadiers of Roussillon,
who had been totally defeated by them.
The regiment was afterwards actively engaged in the
operations by which the French were finally expelled from
Canada. It then proceeded to the West Indies, and was
occupied during the next two years in the capture of St.
Vincent, Martinique, and Cuba, arriving in England again in
1765. About this time the uniform of the corps consisted
of red coats, faced and lined with orange, and ornamented
with lace having one yellow stripe, white waistcoats, and
breeches, hats, and black gaiters. Upon the outbreak of
troubles with the American colonists, the regiment again
crossed the Atlantic (1775). Its flank companies lost heavily
in the hard fought battle of Bunker's Hill, and the corps
was subsequently engaged at Brooklyn, and in the operations
about New York.
In 1778 it went with the forces to the West Indies, and took
part in the capture of St. Lucia, returning to England in
1785. In 1793 the regiment again formed part of the forces
which proceeded to the West Indies, and once again assisted
in the capture of Martinique. In 1795 it returned home
only to be sent to Gibraltar until 1797, when the regiment
came home to Portsmouth. It served in the Duke of York's
campaign in Holland in 1799, suffering very severely at
Bergen, and again at Egmont-op-Zee. In 1800 it formed part
of the expedition against Malta, and when that place fell
into the hands of the English the first British standard that
ever floated from the ramparts of Valetta was the King's
colour of the 1st Battalion. In 1804 the title of the regiment
was changed to " The Sussex," and soon afterwards it took
part in the movements for the protection of the Kingdom of
Naples, and landed with Sir John Stuart in Calabria, and did
excellent service at the battle of Maida. The regiment was
engaged in the Egyptian campaign of 1807, and in 1809 took
part in the reduction and capture of the Ionian Islands, where
THE BORDER REGIMENT,
REGIMENTAL BADGE.
A Laurel Wreath.
The Dragon, superscribed " CHINA."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" ALBTJHERA," "ARROYO DOS MOLINOS," " VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," " NIVELLE," " NIVE,"
" ORTHES," " PENINSULA," " ALMA," " INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "LUCKNOW,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Eeadquarters-OAELISLE,
MILITIA:
3rd Battalion (Royal Cumberland Militia)
4th Battalion (Royal Westmorland Militia)
. . Carlisle.
. . Carlisle.
1st
3rd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS:
Carlisle. \ 2nd .. .. .. Kendal.
WorJcington.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR Hrs MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SOXS, ST MARTIN'S LAN'E,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
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345
THE BORDER REGIMENT
(Formerly the 34th and 55th Foot).
THE 34th Foot was raised in 1702, and three years later, was sent
on active service to Spain, where, under the command of the
gallant Earl of Peterborough, it fought at the siege of Barcelona
and particularly distinguished itself at the capture of Fort
Montjuich. The capture of Barcelona was followed by the
submission of all the province of Catalonia, and part of that of
Valencia, and the regiment was selected to garrison the ancient
town of Tortosa. In the meantime, King Philip of Spain had
assembled a numerous army and suddenly approached Barce-
lona by land, whilst a French fleet threatened it by sea. The
garrison being weak, corps were hurried from various places
to increase its strength. The 34th Regiment travelled 120
miles in two days on mules, and on the following day mounted
guard on the works ; it had not been two hours on duty when
the attack was made, but the enemy were repulsed in gallant
style by only 100 men of the regiment.
In 1708 the 34th took part in the operations to cover the
siege of Lille and was in garrison at Antwerp in 1709. Under
the great Duke of Marlborough it assisted at the siege of Douay,
where 130 of the regiment were killed or wounded, also at the
sieges of Bethune, Aire and St. Venant, and the following year
at that of Bouchain.
In 1719 it was present at the capture of Vigo and of Ponte-
vedra ; and eight years later was stationed at Gibraltar, when
it assisted in the defence of that fortress on its being besieged
by the Spaniards.
z :
346
In the war of the Quadruple Alliance against France, the
34th fought at the battle of Fontenoy. In this battle, although
the fortune of war was against the army of which the British
troops formed part, our soldiers gained very great distinction
and, had the Dutch behaved as well, the victory would have
been won. The column of British Infantry forced its way
with unflinching courage through the French lines and the
King of France and his son were about to seek safety in flight,
when the hesitation of the Dutch at a critical moment enabled
Marshal Saxe to turn every gun upon our troops and to assail
them with such masses of cavalry and infantry that, mowed
down by artillery fire, our gallant fellows were borne back by
sheer weight of numbers and metal. They had passed in their
attack through strongly fortified villages and defiles, which had
now to be repassed, but their firmness and courage enabled
them to retire in such a manner that no effort on the part of
the French could turn their retreat into a rout, and it was at
this supreme moment that the men of the 34th showed their
mettle. Aided by the Life Guards and the 32nd Foot, the
regiment, in spite of the fire of the French guns and their
triumphant squadrons riding round it, covered the retreat
of the army with such soldierlike courage and discipline that
no trophies of victory fell into the hands of the enemy. This
battle was fought on the llth of May, 1745, and to mark its
heroic conduct the regiment wears a laurel wreath on its
colours to this day.
When the Jacobite rebellion known as the " Forty-five "
broke out, the regiment went to Scotland with the Duke of
Cumberland's army and was present at the battle of Culloden.
The Militia of Cumberland and Westmorland were both
employed in the suppression of this rebellion.
The 34th next took part in the famous defence of the island
of Minorca, under General Blakeney, in 1756 ; this defence
was celebrated for the difficulties encountered and the energy,
347
endurance and bravery displayed by the garrison, the sick
and wounded actually coming out of hospital to help to repulse
the enemy's assaults. Out of 750 of all ranks, the regiment
lost over 100 killed and wounded.
In the winter of 1755-6 the 55th was raised at Stirling, and
soon afterwards sent to America to take part in the struggle
between the French and English for the supremacy of the
North American Continent. At the assault of the lines and
fort of Ticonderoga (8th July, 1758), and in the desperate
engagement which ensued, it left half its numbers dead or
dying on the field. Next year the 55th was present at the
taking of Ticonderoga, and, during the campaigns of 1759-60,
it bore an honourable part in the operations which, culminating
in the reduction of Montreal, secured to the British the whole
of Canada and put an end to French domination in that part
of the world. Later on, the Red Indians under Pontiac, a
famous chief, nearly succeeded in driving the British from the
frontier forts. In one of these, Fort Detroit, a detachment
of the regiment suffered a long, weary siege of 18 months, until
relieved by Colonel Bradstreet.
The 34th, after assisting at the capture of Cherbourg, pro-
ceeded to the West Indies, where it gained distinction at the
siege of Fort Moro, and at the capture of Havannah, with a
valuable fleet of Spanish men-of-war and numerous stores.
In 1776 it embarked from Ireland for the relief of Quebec,
and served in Canada all through the revolutionary war in
America, in which the 55th also greatly distinguished itself.
The 55th was subsequently sent to aid in defending the West
India Islands against the French, and took part in the conquest
of the island of St. Lucia, under General Grant (1778).
In 1795 the 34th was quartered at St. Lucia, and on the
evacuation of that island moved to St. Vincent, where it took
a prominent part in the suppression of an attempted i evolution
on the part of the native and half-caste inhabitants.
348
In 1796 the 55th formed part of the force with which Sir
Ralph Abercromby retook St. Lucia, where our troops suffered
great loss from sickness after the fighting was over. The
regiment had already served under the Duke of York in the
Netherlands, in 1794, gaining credit, especially at the defence
of Nymeguen. When the invasion of Holland was decided
upon, in 1799, it was sent, at Abercromby's request, to form
part of his " reserve," under Colonel McDonald of the 55th,
and took a prominent part in this campaign, best remembered
by the battle of Egmont-op-Zee.
A second battalion was added to the 34th Regiment in 1805,
and, after a short visit to Germany, landed at Lisbon in 1809
and joined the army under the Duke of Wellington. This
battalion was engaged all through the Peninsular War and
was present at the battle of Busaco, the siege of Badajos, the
battle of Albuhera and the brilliant action at Arroyo-dos-
Molinos. It was at this action that it most distinguished
itself, for, whilst engaged in cutting off the retreat of the
enemy, it came into collision with the French 34th, and captured
the whole corps, taking prisoner the colonel, Prince d'Aremberg,
and General le Brun. The men came out of action with the
French 34th caps on their heads, carrying off as trophies
the French brass drums and drum-major's staff, which
are still in the possession of the 1st Battalion of the
Border Regiment. It also formed part of Wellington's army
during his great forward movement in 1813, and was engaged
at the battle of Vittoria, where nearly 80 officers and men of
the regiment were killed or wounded. Then, with General
Hill's division, the battalion occupied the passes of the Pyrenees
and bore the brunt of the French attack at the combat of Maya,
where Lieutenant-Colonel Fenwick, who had commanded
during many a hard day's fighting, was badly wounded and
nearly 200 officers and men were killed or wounded, out of
530 who went into action. Then followed the passage of the
349
rivers Nivelle and Nive and the battles of St. Pierre, Orthes
and Toulouse.
The 55th embarked for the continent with Sir Thomas
Graham's expedition to Holland in 1814. At the unfortunate
attack upon the strong fortress of Bergen-op-Zoom this
corps bore a conspicuous part, both in the attack and in
covering the retirement of the main body when that became
necessary, when Major Hogg, with a wing of the 55th, together
with the remnant of the 69th, twice drove back the enemy at
the point of the bayonet. When the main body had been
brought safely off, the general in command of this portion of
the force decided upon a surrender, and the colours were saved
by the ensigns who carried them tearing them off the staves
and wrapping them round their bodies, where they concealed
them until an exchange of prisoners took place soon afterwards.
The regiment then took part in the occupation of Antwerp
and returned to England when peace was made.
In the meanwhile the 1st Battalion 34th, after a short visit
to Cape Town, had been doing good service in India, the flank
companies in particular fighting all through the Mahratta
and Pindaree wars. It returned to England in 1823, after an
absence of upwards of 23 years.
The 55th went to South Africa in 1822, and defeated the Zulus
(called " Zoolas " in the record book) in 1828 on the frontier
of Pondoland. Moving on to India in 1830, the regiment took
part in the conquest of Coorg in 1834, when the fighting was of
a most obstinate nature. The late Sir Charles Daubeney,
colonel of the Border Regiment, who survived until 1903,
served in this campaign.
In the Chinese war of 1840-42 the 55th very greatly distin-
guished itself, particularly at the capture of Chusan, where
Ensign Duell, just promoted from the rank of sergeant-major,
was killed while carrying the regimental colour, and Lieutenant
Butler took a dragon standard, which now hangs in Kendal
350
Church. Again, at the escalade of Ching-kiang-fu, the regi-
ment was the first to mount the city walls and thus won
the honours of " China " with the dragon.
The 55th was amongst the first troops sent to the Crimea,
and was present at the battle of the Alma and at the famous
battle of Inkerman (5th November, 185-1), where Lieut. -Colonel
Daubeney with some 30 men of the regiment charged right
through a Russian column. Both the 34th and 55th were present
at the long and trying siege of Sevastopol, when, in the desperate
assaults made from time to time, they added to their already
high reputation at the cost of many a brave fellow. At the
attack upon the Redan (18th June, 1855) the 34th alone had
322 killed or wounded out of a total of 437 of all ranks, and of
11 officers present, only two came out of action unwounded.
On the 8th September the 55th had nearly 150 casualties,
Sir Robert Hume, now colonel of the Border Regiment, being
severely wounded.
The 34th was scarcely a year at home when the Indian
Mutiny broke out. It was sent to India at once and fought
with credit and distinction at Cawnpore, at the storming of
Meeangunge, the final siege of Lucknow and afterwards in
Nepaul. Lieut. -Colonel Kelly (afterwards General Sir R. D.
Kelly) was selected to conduct the women and children
rescued at Lucknow, to Allahabad. With 500 of the regiment
he accomplished his mission, in spite of the country
being infested with mutineers and the journey a long
one. His most important service, however, was in Nepaul,
where, in March, 1859, he completely crushed the rebels who
had sought refuge in that country, the 34th forming the main
body of his little army. On April 28th, Private George
Richardson won the Victoria Cross for engaging and killing a
rebel, although himself already wounded.
In 1865 the 55th, then in India, had the honour of being
specially selected by the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Hugh Rose,
351
to bring the refractory Bhutias to reason, and, having proceeded
to Bhutan, effected the destruction of Dewangirij the enemy's
stronghold.
In 1881 the 34th and 55th Regiments were united as the
" Border Regiment," forming its 1st and 2nd Battalions ;
the militia and volunteers of Cumberland and Westmorland
were also made part of the new " Territorial Regiment."
In 1889 the 1st Battalion was engaged in the recently
conquered territory of Burma, dispersing bands of dacoits
and giving to that country a peace and order which it never
knew under its own native rulers.
In the winter of 1894-95 the 2nd Battalion had a short spell
of active service in Waziristan, on the north-west frontier of
India. Although casualties were few, the cold was intense,
the work hard and the marching trying to the troops, but the
natives soon came to terms, and the battalion received the
thanks of Sir William Lockhart for its excellent services.
The 1st Battalion, being then at Malta, sent two companies
to Crete when the disturbed state of that island led to European
intervention ; and this battalion was still at Malta when the
condition of South African politics caused the British Govern-
ment to send troops to that part of the world. Embarking on
the 27th September, 1899, it arrived at Cape Town on the
21st October, to find that war had already been declared.
The first exchange of shots between the Border Regiment
and the Boers was near Chievely, on the 14th November, but
the first casualties were sustained in an affair of outposts,
near Frere, on the 27th. In December the Border Regiment
was brigaded with the Inniskilling Fusiliers, Connaught
Rangers and Royal Dublin Fusiliers, under Major-General Hart,
thus forming part of the 5th or Irish Brigade, in which it
remained until after the relief of Ladysmith. At the battle of
Colenso the battalion was, like otherSj exposed to a very heavy
fire, both of artillery and small arms. It was found impossible
352
to ford the river, the sergeant-major taking soundings with
a 7-foot pole and not touching the bottom where a crossing
had been intended. The men displayed great steadiness
under trying conditions and the regiment obtained special
mention in despatches. Two N.C.O. were promoted for
gallantry ; one of them, Corporal Munro, was killed later on
in the war. (Total casualties, 53.)
In January, 1900, the regiment took a prominent part in
the series of actions remembered by the name of " Spion Kop."
At Venter's Spruit, on the 20th, the leading companies fought
their way to within 300 yards of the Boer trenches, but night
fell and the advantage could not be maintained. Day by day,
night after night, the men supported an almost continual
conflict, and when a week later the army re-crossed the Tugela,
the Border Regiment had sustained 135 casualties, 2nd Lieu-
tenant Garvey and 18 N.C.O. and men being killed.
After the relief of Ladysmith the battalion marched, in
April, to relieve the beleaguered garrison of Wepener. During
this march the first company of volunteers joined from Cumber-
land and Westmorland, and soon had an opportunity of smelling
powder, being present when the regiment cleared the Boers
out of the vicinity of Boschman's Kop (April 22nd). The
garrison of Wepener was relieved next day.
On the 17th August, when the chase after General de Wet
was in full cry, that astute individual astounded the Border
Regiment by demanding its surrender. He soon retired,
finding his " bluff " of no avail ; but unfortunately our mounted
troops were unable to cut him off and he escaped. During the
greater part of the year 1900 the battalion had very hard work,
constantly on the move and exposed to great hardships.
Occasionally they managed to get to close quarters, and
frequently they captured prisoners, horses, arms, &c. On
the 22nd January, 1901, a small party of the regiment with
some of the Worcester men, traversed 500 yards in the open,
353
under fire, to get at 300 Boers, and when there use the bayonet.
The charge was a success, as with a loss of only two men
killed and two officers wounded, the Boers were put to flight.
Next day the regiment was engaged from dawn till dusk,
losing four men killed and 12 wounded in the defence of their
position.
Thus the time passed, marching, fighting, guarding lines of
railway, going anywhere and doing anything that came.
Casualties from the enemy's fire and from sickness were
replaced by constant fresh drafts from home. The reserve
men had been called up long ago, but fresh recruits, besides
militia reservists and a second company of volunteers (followed
later by a smaller body), kept the battalion up to a reasonable
strength.
On the 8th October, 1901, 2nd Lieutenant Jameson with
30 men was cut off by a force of 150 Boers. Disdaining either
flight or surrender, he sacrificed his life to the honour of his
corps. Private Dunsmore was killed with him, and two men
wounded. As this skirmish only led to the loss of six of his
men as prisoners, the credit of saving two-thirds of his small
force, outnumbered by five to one, must be regarded as bis.
The Boers themselves most fully recognised his undaunted
courage, which renders glorious an incident which might,
but for his and his men's conduct, have been amongst the
least creditable in this record.
In January, 1902, the regiment began to build block-houses
on a line running " into the heart of the country occupied by
the Boers " (MS. record). The line ran from Buffelsvlei to
Rietfontein, the block-houses being about 1,000 yards apart.
The regiment continued on the block-house line, an important
and by no means easy duty, until, on the 1st June, a telegram
was received, " Peace was signed last night."
During this war the calling up of the reserves and the necessity
of constant reinforcements of officers and men, caused not only
354
the two line battalions to be largely represented at the front,
but also both the militia and volunteers, who came forward
most willingly.
8 officers and 135 N.C.O. and men of the 3rd Battalion,
9 officers and 95 N.C.O. and men of the 4th, and nearly 300
volunteers took part in the South Airican War.
The following soldiers of the regiment have received special
distinctions for acts of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
During the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Brevet-Major
F. Elton ; Privates T. Beach, 55th Foot ; W. Coffey, J. J. Sims,
34th Foot.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Private G. Richardson.
Medal for Distinguished Conduct in the Field.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5 (34th Foot now 1st Battalion).
Hospital Sergeant E. Baker ; Sergeants J. Hayden, W.
Quirk, W. Carney, D. O'Neil ; Corporal E. Wilson ; Privates
C. Brophy, W. Coffee, J. Kelly, T. Loft, J. Malone, W. Dacres,
W. Smith, C. Byrne, W. Gill, J. Evers.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5 (55th Foot, now 2nd Battalion).
Sergeant-Major Hodges; Colour-Sergeants Walker, Pope;
Corporals W. Tilton, J. Magson ; Privates J. Cooney, P. Byrne,
E. Downes, P. O'Brien, W. Fewell, J. Muir, M. Flynn, C. Lea,
J. Dunn, M. Fitzgerald, G. Mills, J. Bush,, F. Smith, D.
Corbett.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Instructor
of Musketry T. Allen ; Colour-Sergeants F. Lambeth, F. W.
Mitchell, E. O'B. White ; Sergeants N. Sparke, W. G. Bartholo-
mew, E. McCarthy ; Lance-Sergeant A. Monro ; Privates
J. Cuskearn, C. B. Jack, T. Watson.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
it remained until 1813. In the commencement of the following
year it advanced into Belgium, and on the 18th June, 1815,
when the battle of Waterloo was fought, was in reserve at
Halle. The enemy having moved a force in that direction
it was found necessary to detail one British brigade and the
Hanoverian brigade to occupy the road from Braine-le-Comte,
and its duty therefore prevented the regiment from sharing in
that glorious victory. On the 4th July, the regiment proceeded
to Paris, and formed part of the Army of Occupation. It
returned home in 1818, and was subsequently stationed in many
parts of the world and experienced many vicissitudes, notably
the fearful hurricane at Barbadoes in 1831, which caused the
loss of many lives, on which occasion the Governor, Sir James
Lyon, expressed his approbation of the conduct of the regiment,
and the General Assembly of the Island resolved that the thanks
of the House were due to the regiment for its exemplary and
soldier-like conduct.
In 1832 the regiment once more landed in England, and
His Majesty, King William IV., was graciously pleased to direct
that it should be called in future " The 35th Royal Sussex
Regiment of Foot." Ii\ 1854 it embarked for India, and after
a short stay in Calcutta, proceeded to Burmah, where it
stayed till the outbreak of the Mutiny in 1857, when it returned
to India and did excellent service, being engaged in several
actions and skirmishes, and suffering severely from all the
hardships it went through. In 1859 the regiment formed
part of the escort to the Governor- General of India, Lord
Canning, in his progress through the country, and at the con-
clusion was presented with new colours by Lady Canning,
after which ceremony Lord Canning took the opportunity of
thanking the officers and men of the regiment for the example
of high discipline and zeal which they had exhibited during
their service in India, and for the manner in which they had
supported in action, and in camp, the old reputation of their
regiment and the credit of the Queen's Army. After 14
years' absence the regiment landed in England in 1868. In
1873 the 107th Regiment was linked to the 35th Royal Sussex
Regiment, and the depots of both battalions were formed
at Chichester. In 1881 the numbers borne by regiments were
discontinued, and the 35th became the 1st Battalion, and the
107th the 2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment, and per-
mission granted for a badge, consisting of the Maltese Cross
with Roussillon plume, to be worn on the appointments.
In 1882 the 1st Battalion took part in the operations in
Egypt, including the defence of Alexandria, the surrender
2 A
360
of Kafr Dowar and Damietta, and then proceeded to Cairo,
the 2nd Battalion going to Malta. In 1884 the 1st Battalion
became the pioneers of the Nile Expedition, under Lord
Wolseley, for the relief of Khartoum, and formed part of
the Desert Column under Sir Herbert Stewart, taking part
in the actions of Abu Klea, El Gubat, and Metemmeh,
and furnishing the escort to Sir Charles Wilson when
he proceeded in General Gordon's steamers to Khartoum.
The 2nd Battalion proceeded to India, and in 1888 took part
in the Black Mountain Expedition under Brigadier- General
J. W. McQueen, C.B., where it received most favourable
mention for its efficiency and high discipline.
In 1897-98 the 2nd Battalion served throughout the cam-
paign in the North- West Provinces of India against the Afridis,
and were engaged in the several operations connected therewith.
It marched from Jamrud for the Bazar Valley and on the night,
of the 27th December, 1897, was ordered to take up a position
to cover the retirement of General Lockhart with the 2nd
Brigade, who was followed by the enemy, and it was mainly
owing to the determined stand of the Sussex men, that the
enemy were again and again repulsed.
On the 5th January, 1898, the battalion marched up the
Khyber Pass with the 1st Brigade to Ali Musjid and Lundi
Kotal. On the night of the 7th February, one of the outlying
picquets from the battalion was attacked by the enemy, and
in recognition of the gallant defence which was made by the
picquet under Lance- Sergeant Finucane, that N.C.O. was
awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal.
Seldom have troops been called upon to undergo greater
fatigue, or to meet a more vigilant enemy than during this
trying campaign. The boast of the tribes was that no foreign
army had ever penetrated their country, but, after carrying
three strong positions and being for weeks engaged in daily
skirmishes, our men succeeded in visiting every portion of
Tirah, a fact tuat will be borne in on the minds of future
generations of the tribes by the ruined forts and towers in their
remotest valleys. The battalion was heartily congratula'ed
on the splendid discipline, clean and smart appearance of the
men, and their ready willingness to cope with any difficulty
that came in their way.
The next war service of the regiment was in the Boer War
of 1899-1902.
The 1st Battalion arrived in South Africa from Malta on
20th March, 1900, and joined the Army of Lord Roberts
at Bloemfontein. Here it was brigaded under General Bruce
361
Hamilton with the Derbyshires, Cameron Highlanders and
City of London Imperial Volunteers. On the 3rd May the
advance to Pretoria was commenced. Very slight opposition
was encountered until on the 10th the army came to the Zand
Eiver, on the northern bank of which the Boers had prepared
formidable defences extending over some 20 miles. It was
due to the masterly dispositions of Lord Roberts that the
Boers were forced back at a comparatively small cost, after
some fighting, in the course of which the Royal Sussex Regiment
distinguished itself by the gallantry with which it captured an
important position.
On 12th May Kroonstadt was occupied, the Boer Government
moving rapidly off on the approach of Lord Roberts.
Again advancing, the enemy was encountered at Doornkop,
the scene of the Jameson surrender, but were driven away
after a short action in which the Sussex Regiment shared,
and on the 31st May, Johannesburg with its valuable mines
passed out of the hands of the Boers for good and all. On
the 5th June, the regiment marched past Lord Roberts on
the Square at Pretoria.
Apart from the fighting, the march to Pretoria called for
the utmost endurance on the part of the men of the regiment.
Long marches during the day, frequent outposts duty at
night, a scarcity of food, bivouacking without tents, often
without great coats or blankets in a freezing wind, all combined
to make its successful accomplishment a feat of which the
regiment has every right to feel proud.
The occupation of Pretoria, however, by no means ended the
war.
Botha, though he had given up Pretoria, had taken up a
strong position at Diamond Hill some few miles off, where, with
10,000 Boers, he waited a favourable opportunity to deliver
an attack. Lord Roberts, however, ordered his position to be
assaulted, and on the llth and 12th June some hard fighting
took place, but eventually the Boers retreated in the night
rather than face a third day's fighting. In the course of the
battle the Royal Sussex with other corps of their brigade
captured an important position, which they gallantly held for
some hours under severe shrapnel and rifle fire, until the artillery
came up and the Boers retired.
The next important service of the regiment was in the Witte-
bergen. This was a mountainous district in which the Free
State Boers, under De Wet and Prinsloo, had made their
headquarters. Columns were moved to surround the district,
and by dint of some hard fighting in which the Sussex took
2 A 2
362
no small part, the mountain passes were one by one seized
and closed upon the Boers, and on the 30th July General
Prinsloo and some 4,000 Boers surrendered themselves prisoners
of war.
Space will not permit an enumeration of the various marches
and counter marches, skirmishes, and drives, in which the
regiment subsequently took part, but no brigade did harder
work than that to which it belonged.
The total losses of the regiment during the campaign amounted
to 3 officers and 98 N.C.O. and men killed in action, or died
of wounds, disease, &c., and 7 officers, 79 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
The 3rd Battalion (Militia) volunteered for active service and
embarked for South Africa on 29th March, 1901, and returned
home on llth September, 1902. During its stay in South
Africa it did much good service in guarding the lines of com-
munication and on convoy duty. Equally meritorious
was the service given by the volunteers who joined the line
battalion and shared the hard work and danger of their regular
comrades.
The following soldiers of the regiment have gained special
distinctions for acts of courage in time of war :
The Victoria Cross.
New Zealand Campaign, 1864. Lieut. -Colonel J. C. McNeill.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Soudan, 1883. Private J. Clift.
Soudan, 1884. Lance-Sergeant W. Othen ; Privates S. E.
Cowstick, E. Dale, C. Paine.
North- West Frontier of India, 1897. Sergeant A. Finucane ;
Privates J. Day, F. Maudling.
South African Campaign, 1900-1902. Sergeant- Majors S.
Thwaites, C. Amos ; Quartermaster-Sergeant C. Pitman ;
Colour-Sergeants T. A. Jones, A. Nye, A. E. Weston ; Sergeant-
Drummer T. Gates ; Sergeant H. Snaith ; Lance-Sergeant A.
Ockelford ; Corporals P. Hoad, G. Weston, A. Baldwin ;
Lance-Corporals C. C. Neville, T. Scrase ; Privates J. Gill, T. H.
Say.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
The Hampshire Regiment.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Royal Tiger, superscribed " INDIA."
"BLENHEIM," "RAMILLIES," " OUDENARDE," " MALPLAQUET, " DETTINGE!-," "MINDEN,"
"TOURNAY," " BARROSA," "PENINSULA," " TAKU FORTS," " PEKIN," " CHARASIAH,"
"KABUL, 1879," "AFGHANISTAN, 1878-80," "BURMA, 1885-87,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02," " PAARDEBERG."
UNIFORM-SCARLET. PACINGS-YELLOW.
Depot Headquarters-WINCHESTER
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (Hampshire Militia) . . . . Winchester.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1st* Winchester.
2nd .. .. .. Southampton.
3rd . . . . . . Portsmouth.
4th .. .. Bournemouth.
5th Newport.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOB His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICR,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WVTMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
K. PONSONBY, 116, GRATTOK STREET, DDBLW.
365
THE HAMPSHIRE REGIMENT
(Formerly the 37th and 67th Regiments).
THE 37th Regiment was raised on the 2nd May, 1702, and
the 67th on the 1st April, 1758, the latter by the celebrated
General Wolfe, and in 1782 they were given in addition to
their numbers, the designation North Hampshire Regiment
and South Hampshire Regiment respectively. In 1881 these
regiments were united under the title of the Hampshire
Regiment. It is thought that the following brief account
of the more important of its war services may be of some
interest to the inhabitants of the county from which it is
recruited.
Its record covers a period of nearly 200 years, during which
it has been incessantly occupied in all parts of the globe
in guarding the interests and dignity of its country, a duty
which has often called forth the utmost exertion of the brave
fellows who have been ever found ready to follow its colours.
Shortly after its formation the 37th took an active and
glorious part in those campaigns which made the name of
Marlborough and his British soldiers a sound of terror on
the continent of Europe.
The Regiment fought at Blenheim, at Ramillies, at
Oudenarde, and at Malplaquet, the four great victories
which crushed the armies of the French King, besides taking
part in the capture of the various fortresses and frontier
towns which guarded France.
The next important victory in which the regiment was
engaged was the battle of Dettingen, in 1743, notable as being
the last occasion in which a British monarch has commanded
an army on the battlefield.
Cut off from their magazines, surrounded by superior
numbers, and posted in a difficult position, it seemed inevitable
that King George II and his army must either surrender
or be destroyed, when the fiery imprudence of the French
cavalry afforded an opportunity of which King George and
his soldiers quickly availed themselves.
Undismayed by the glitter and noise of the on-coming
squadrons, the gallant infantry calmly awaited their approach,
and, when sufficiently near, crushed men and horses by their
deadly fire. In vain the French repeated the charge. Again
they were repulsed, and became irretrievablv broken and routed.
366
On the outbreak of the " Seven Years' War," when England
stood alone as the ally of the great King of Prussia against
the banded nations of Europe, the 37th Regiment was among
the British contingent which gained a world-wide reputation
for splendid endurance and courage most signally justified
at the ever-memorable battle of " Minden," fought on the
1st August, 1759.
In that celebrated battle only six regiments of British
infantry were with the Allied Army under the command of
the Duke of Brunswick, and to them were opposed 60 squadrons
of the best cavalry of France.
Without even waiting to be attacked, the British moved
forward in two brigades, the Hampshire Regiment being in
the first, with drums beating and colours fiyiug. The enemy's
artillery opened on them from either side, while, as at Dettingen,
the cavalry charged them in front, and with the same result-
In spite of most desperate exertions, the French horse were
compelled to retire, leaving their best and bravest on the field.
These gallant regiments then completed the discomfiture
of the enemy by attacking and overthrowing a mass of French
and Saxon infantry which in vain attempted to stop their
progress. The French Army fled in complete disorder, and
43 pieces of cannon, 17 standards, and a crowd of prisoners
attested the completeness of the victory.
In the spring of 1761 the regiment took part in the capture
of Belle Isle, off the coast of Brittany a strongly fortified
place, which only yielded after a most desperate resistance.
Again, when the outbreak of the war of the French Revolution
heralded a foe for the arms of England, the Hampshire Regi-
ment was employed in Holland, and most highly distinguished
itself on the 22nd May, 1791, in the obstinately contested
action near Tournay, thereby adding another name to its
colours. The battle lasted from 5 o'clock in the morning
till 9 o'clock in the evening, when the French retired with a
loss of 6,000 killed and wounded, nine pieces of cannon, and
many prisoners.
The village of Pontechin was the scene of most severe fighting,
and victory was only secured after a desperate struggle, in
winch the cool and dogged persistence of the British soldier
was fully exemplified.
i - In 1811 the regiment was present at the battle of Barrosa
a brilliant victory gained under Sir Thomas Graham over a
superior force ol tne enemy.
During the remainder of the campaigning in the Spanish
Peninsula, the duties of the regiment did not allow of ila
367
sharing in the great victories won by the army under the
command of the Duke of Wellington, but its services in other
parts of Spain were performed with a zeal and gallantry which
earned it the right to display the word "Peninsula" on its
war-worn colours.
Meanwhile, a battalion of the regiment had, in 1805, pro-
ceeded to India, where it was constantly on active service,
taking part in the conquests which year by year enlarged
the British Empire and consolidated British power and influence
in the East. It was the first British regiment that marched
across India.
Special distinction was gained by the men of the regiment
for their conspicuous courage in the campaign of 1819, under
General Doveton, during which Assighur was captured.
On the departure of the regiment from India, so great was
the reputation it had established that it was granted, as a
special mark of honour, the badge of the Royal Tiger, super-
scribed " India."
Again in 1857, at the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, the
Hampshire Regiment was foremost among the victorious
battalions of England, and suffered severe losses both in
officers and men during those trying scenes.
From Calcutta the regiment went to Hong Kong, in 1860,
and took a prominent part in the expedition sent to the north
of China. The capture of the forts at the mouth of the Taku
river, which were heavily armed and desperately defended,
was perhaps the most serious piece of work encountered;
and the Hampshire Regiment gained especial credit for the
dashing manner in which it led the assault, and won four
Victoria Crosses.
Proceeding with the army to Pekin, the regiment was detailed
for the assault of that imperial city, but the timely surrender
of the Chinese rendered further action unnecessary, and the
words " Taku Forts," and " Pekin," were bestowed upon
the regimental colours to record the good service of the
regiment.
In still more recent times the Hampshire Regiment has
gone through some stern and perilous work. A campaign
in Afghanistan has never been lightly regarded, and when
the state of affairs in that country in 1878 called for British
intervention, the disasters of 1842 were often referred to.
The first campaign was satisfactorily concluded, and the
Ameer having consented to receive a British Resident in
Cabul to watch over British interests, Sir Louis Cavagnari,
with a small guard of native soldiers was sent to that city.
368
For a second time, however, the treachery of the Afghans
was experienced ; and news came that after a gallant defence
against overwhelming odds, the British Eesident and his escort
had been slain. A force, of which the Hampshire
Regiment was part, under General now Earl Roberts
again forced its way through the passes and denies
of Afghanistan, and after administering a severe chastise-
ment to the Afghans at Charasiah, re-entered Cabul in 1879.
While stationed in that city, the Afghans made many fierce
attacks upon the troops, hoping to force them to repeat
the disastrous retreat, amid the snows of winter, which, in
1842, had destroyed a British Army. The Hampshire Regi-
ment, however, and its brave comrades never relaxed their
hold on the city till, in 1880, the Afghans were compelled to
accept a ruler pledged to maintain British interests ; and
the regiment returned to India, having gallantly earned the
distinctions of " Charasiah," " Kabul," and " Afghanistan."
In presenting the regiment with war medals for this campaign,
Lord Roberts concluded his address to the men by saying :
" I seem to be the proper person to give them, and I am quite
sure that no one has a better right to wear them, for no one
did better service."
Troubles in Burma next called the British troops into
the field. In 1885 the Hampshire Regiment joined the
force which easily dispersed King Theebaw's army, and entered
Mandalay, when that august monarch and his many relatives
were deported to India, and the cpuntry he had so ill-governed
was added to our Indian Empire. This proved the commence-
ment of much harassing work ; and for four years the regiment
was engaged in subduing the lawless bands of dacoits that
infested the country around. Burma commemorates for
the Hampshire men many a hasty and weary march, many a
night alarm and skirmish ; duties performed by them with
patience, endurance, and courage, common to the British soldier.
In 1896 a mounted infantry detachment from the 2nd
Battalion, under Lieutenant Harland, was engaged in the
Mashonaland Expedition, for which a medal with clasp for
" Mashonaland, 1896," was granted.
The outbreak of the Boer war in 1899 called the Hampshire
Regiment again into the field, and the 2nd Battalion embarked
for South Africa on the 4th January, 1900. On arriving,
it was brigaded under the command of Colonel Chermside,
forming part of the 7th Division of Lord Roberts' army.
It took part in the masterly movement b\ r which the British
army threw itself across the retreat of General C'ronje, and after
369
much hard marching and fighting; had the pleasure of witnessing
the surrender of that noted Boer commander and over 4,000
of his men at Paardeberg on the 27th February, 1900. After
this success the battalion marched to Bloemfontein, a inarch
which crilled forth the utmost endurance on the part of the
men, owing to the heavy rain and often scanty rations. Lord
Roberts, in congratulating his army on taking possession of
the Free State capital, said that "the endurance, cheerfulness,
and gallantry displayed by all ranks was beyond praise."
The 7th Division was next called upon to dislodge the Boers
from a position they had taken up at Karee, which barred the
further advance to Pretoria, and on the 28th March, it moved
out from Bloemfontein for the purpose. The Brigade, of
which the Hampshire Regiment was part, advanced to within
a few hundred yards of the Boer hills before a shot was fired,
but suddenly a blaze of rifle fire burst out in front of it and
the advance was checked. For some hours a fierce musketry
duel took place, while the British cavalry made its way round
the position, and in the evening the Boers, afraid of being
surrounded, abandoned their trenches and galloped off,
leaving the path to Pretoria open.
This done, the army again pressed forward on its long march
to Pretoria, and again the troops experienced considerable
discomfort and hardship owing to the vicissitudes of the climate
and the fact that their long and rapid marching often left
the supplies behind. At Brandfort the Hampshires came
under the enemy's fire, but the Boer resistance was rapidly
overcome, and the regiment met with little further fighting
before reaching Johannesburg.
After the occupation of Pretoria and the dispersal of the
main Boer armies, the struggle became one of constant chasing
and skirmishing, which lasted until the Boer resistance was
worn down. The constant fights, marches, and convoy
guarding, the drives, and the construction and manning of
block-houses gave incessant occupation to the regiment,
in which the volunteer service companies which had joined
the battalion from home took an active and creditable share.
In the course of the campaign 3 officers and 70 N.C.O.
and men were killed or died of wounds, disease, &c ; and 4
officers and 40 N.C.O. and men were wounded.
Since the South African campaign the 1st Battalion
has had the unique distinction of being on service in
two different continents at the same time ; three companies
being employed under General Egerton against the Mullah in
Somaliland in East Africa, while the rest of the battalion was
'70
on field service in the Aden Hinterland in Arabia, necessitated
by the hostile attitude of the tribes.
The Somaliland companies took part in the defeat of the
Mullah at Jidballi, where the accuracy of their fire was con-
clusively proved by the heaps of the enemy's dead opposite
their particular front, and also with a naval force in the
storming and capture of Illig, one of the Mullah's supposed
bases on the coast. The steadiness of the men, which averted
a disaster when re-embarking through the surf, called forth
the most laudatory order from the Admiral in command.
The casualties in Somaliland were 1 officer killed, 1 officer
wounded, 3 N.C.O. and men wounded, and 10 men died from
disease.
Lance-Sergeant Gawn gained the Distinguished Conduct
Medal for gallantry at Illig.
General Egerton also expressed his great satisfaction with
this detachment during the long marches and trying shortage
of water experienced during the campaign.
The Headquarter Companies in Arabia, suffered terribly
from malarial fever acquired in the valleys of the inhospitable
Aden Hinterland, particularly at Dar Akkam and Musemir,
losing 25 men from disease, and two killed in action and
13 N.C.O. and men being wounded.
In his Inspection Report, 1904, the Commander-in-Chief in
India expressed his pleasure at the admirable work done by
the regiment in both continents.
The following distinctions have been won by soldiers of
the regiment for acts of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
During the Chinese "War of 1800. Lieutenants N. Burslem.
and E. H. Lenon, and Private T. Lane, for swimming the ditch
at the Taku Forts, and forcing an entrance ; Ensign G. W.
Chaplin for planting the colours on the breach at the Taku Forts.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct in the Field.
Afghan War, 1879. Colour-Sergeant G. Wheeler ; Corporals
W. Heath, M. Woolley.
Burmese Campaign, 1885-G. Colour- Sergeant C. Brooks ;
Lance-Sergeant F. Bevis ; Private C. Witt.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Quartermaster-Ser-
geant H. G. Davis ; Colour- Sergeants E. V. Tarrant, A. W.
Just, J. Butler, G. Weston ; Sergeants W. Bennett, G. A.
Weaver, M. Rooney, J. Williams ; Drummer A. Macdonald.
Somaliland Campaign. Lance-Sergeant Gawn.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
" MONTE VIDEO," "KOLEIA," "VIMIERA," "CORUNNA," " BUSACO," " BADAJOZ,"
"SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "ST. SEBASTIAN," " NIVE," "PENINSULA," "AVA,"
"MOODKEE," "FEEOZESHAH," "SOBRAON," " PEGC," "ALMA," " INKERMAX."
" SEVASTOPOL," " LUCKNOW," " CENTRAL INDIA," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1878-9,"
"EOTPT, 1882," I; XILE, 1884-5," " KIRBEKAX,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02,"
UN I FORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters LICHFIELD,
MILITIA
3rd Battalion (1st K.O. Stafford Militia) . .
4th Battalion (1st K.O. Stafford Militia) . .
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS :
1st .. Handsivorth-by-Birmingham. \ 2nd ..
3rd .. .. .. Wolverhampton.
LichfielL
LichfieU.
It'alsaU.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY IIAUUISON AXD SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directlj or through any Bookseller, from
\V3fMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OL1VKR AND UOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PON-SONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
373
THE SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT,
(Formerly the 38th and 8oth Regiments.)
THIS regiment, which was formed in 1881 by uniting the 38th
and 80th Regiments, has a history extending over 200 years,
as the 1st Battalion was raised at Lichfield in 1702. The
colours of the South Staffordshire Regiment bear the noble
record of no less than 27 victories at which one or other of
the battalions of the regiment has been present, and Stafford-
shire may well be proud of the gallant corps raised under
the shadow of the Cathedra) recruited by Staffordshire men,
the headquarters of which are still at Lichfield, and whose
tattered colours find a fitting resting place within the
Cathedral walls.
Shortly after its formation, the regiment was despatched
to the West Indies, the possession of which islands was a
fruitful source of contention between the English and French
for many years. On this service the regiment had the singular
fortune to remain for no less than 58 years, during which
period it suffered both from the severity of the climate
and from the operations against the French. In 1775,
the regiment was in America, and was present at the
historic fight at Lexington, as well as at many other hard fought
engagements during the unfortunate contest between England
and the American Colonies. Then followed a campaign against
374
the forces of the French Republic in Holland, and in 1801
theregiment shared in the honourwhich the defeat of Napoleon's
army in Egypt had won for the gallant Abercromby and his
brave soldiers. Returning to India, it was employed in 1804
against the Mahrattas, and a year or two later was present at
the capture of the Cape of Good Hope under Sir David
Baird.
The first name on its colours, " Monte Video," was earned
in 1807, \\hen, under Brigadier-General Auchmuty, it was
landed nine miles from Monte Video with a view of capturing
that city. On the way thither the English were, however,
attacked by a force of all arms some 6,000 strong ; but the
enemy, after a short resistance, in which they were very
roughly handled with the bayonet, retreated into the city,
and the English force halted outside the walls in order to
invest the place. A few days, however, sufficed to show
the British General that his artillery was not sufficiently
powerful to make an early success probable, and he resolved
therefore to carry it by storm. A breach having been made
in the walls, the Staffordshire men took their places in the
column of assault and moved towards the breach an hour
before daylight. Although the darkness favoured the
attacking force in allowing them to approach almost to the
walls without being seen by the enemy, yet it brought with
it the disadvantage of obscuring the breach at which they
were to enter, with the result that while the officers were
running to and fro to find the breach, the enemy poured
down a heavy storm of fire, which occasioned much damage
to the troops ; it was discovered eventually that the breach
had been filled in by the enemy during the night, and our
soldiers solved the difficulty for themselves, by clambering
over the walls and rushing on the enemy. Street by street
was disputed by the Spanish troops with musketry and
artillery, but in vain, and by daylight our troops were in
375
complete possession of the city. It is no small tribute to
the gallantry and honour of our men to know from the
Commander-in-Chief's despatch that notwithstanding the
severe fighting which had taken place, order was so
completely restored before the morning had passed, that the
women were peacefully walking the streets without fear of
being molested.
In the Peninsular War, the reputation of the South Stafford-
shire Regiment gained additional lustre by its coolness and
courage at the battles of Roleia and Virniera. It was with
the gallant Sir John Moore at Corunna, it fought at Busaco,
as well as in the desperate struggles on the walls of Badajoz.
At the glorious victory of Salamanca, won by the Duke of
Wellington's superior strategy, the South Staffordshire proved
its noble devotion to its country by its heavy losses on the field
of battle. The regiment was at the crowning victory of Vittoria,
at the siege of San Sebastian, and the passage of the Nive ;
and the word ' Peninsula " on its colours commemorates
its dash and daring in the minor conflicts and skirmishes of
the war.
It then formed part of the army of occupation which remained
in and about Paris after the victory of Waterloo had shattered
the power of Napoleon, and in 1819, was actively employed
in defending the colonists of the Cape of Good Hope against
the Kaffir tribes. But the next field of war in which the South
Staffordshire men shone with particular distinction was the
Campaign in Burmah, which commenced in 1824. They
fought with their usual gallantry in almost every action
during the war, including the battle of Ava, in which the
Burmese army was decisively worsted with the loss of its
guns and stores ; but it was at the capture of Melloon that
their signal daring was most conspicuous. The South
Staffordshire, with one other* corps, had been detailed to
attack the fortifications at one spot to create a diversion,
2 B
376
while a heavy column was to force an entrance at another.
The rapid current of the River Irrawaddy, on which the
town is situated, prevented, however, this latter column
from reaching its destination as quickly as had been
anticipated, and consequently the South Staffordshire, with
the Somersetshire Light Infantry, made the attack
unsupported. Their gallantry, however, made amends for
their want of numbers, and although two leaders fell seriously
wounded at the head of the regiment, the brave fellows
pushed on until, to the delight and astonishment of the
lookers-on, the defeated garrison was seen streaming from
the city, so that the real column of attack had only to pursue
the fugitives. In commenting on the conduct of the regi-
ment on this occasion, the general said : ' Their conduct
during the advance, and their gallantry in the storming,
far exceeds all I can write in their praise." In 1844 it formed
part of the army sent to subdue the Sikhs ; these were first
met with at Moodkee in October of the following year, and
the regiment, by its determined and plucky fighting, was
instrumental in defeating the enemy, who suffered extremely
heavy losses.
The Sikhs were next encountered at Ferozeshah, and the
action began at 3 p.m. The South Staffordshire and the
Worcestershire Regiments advanced and captured the enemy's
battery in the face of a shower of shot and shell, each regiment
cheering the other on in turn. The behaviour of the regiment
on this occasion, under a deadly fire, was admirable, and it
was specially mentioned in the divisional orders of the day as
having distinguished itself.
The regiment was next engaged in the attack on the en-
trenched position of " Sobraon," which was occupied by
32,000 of the enemy. It assisted to storm the fortified
position and inflicted very severe loss on the enemy. Here
Sir R. Dick, K.C.B., fell whilst, to quote from the report of
377
the Commander-in- Chief in the East Indies, " he was anima-
ting by his dauntless example the soldiers of the regiment in
their career of noble daring."
After being employed with considerable credit on the
Mosquito coast, the regiment was again in Burmah in 1852,
and won the word " Pegu " for its colours. Among the
officers of the regiment who particularly distinguished
themselves in this campaign appears the name of Ensign
Wolseley, who here commenced that distinguished career
which has made the name of Lord Wolseley famous in English
history.
Following hard upon this, there came for the regiment the
stern work of the Crimean campaign, and even before they
reached the Crimea the South Staffordshire men had an
opportunity of showing their mettle during the great fire at
Varna, where the exertions of a party of the regiment saved
the great magazine by keeping a supply of wet blankets on the
roof, a service of deadly peril, considering the immense quantity
of gunpowder which was in danger of exploding at any moment.
The regiment shared in the gallant and victorious advance in
the face of the Russian batteries on the Alma, as well as in the
glory won by our soldiers at Inkerman on the 5th November,
1854. In the dreary and dangerous work in the trenches before
Sevastopol, and in the fierce assaults made on that city, they
won, at the cost of many a brave man, the right to add " Sevas-
topol " to the list of their successes.
Hardly a couple of years of rest had been enjoyed, when
the Indian Mutiny called the regiment again into the field,
and the severe winter's work in the Crimea was fully equalled
by the long marches and desperate fighting in the burning heat
of an Indian summer. The most noteworthy incident of the
campaign for the South Staffordshire Regiment was its parti-
cipation in the final relief of Lucknow ; a place which the
gallantry of the British soldier has for ever made famous.
2 B 2
The words " Central India," however, on the colours, stand in
record of the harassing marches and fierce combats with des-
perate mutineers which were required before peace was restored,
and which cost the regiment considerable loss both from the
climate and the enemy.
The regiment had next to teach the wild Hazara tribesmen
and the Malays of Perak to respect the British power ; and
two brass guns, now at Lichfield, were captured in the. latter
expedition. In South Africa in 1878-79, it took part in the
campaign which broke the power of the formidable Zulu king
Cetewayo. While employed on this service, a company of the
regiment was attacked by a force of 6,000 Zulus near the
Intombi River, and after a desperate struggle was cut to pieces,
with the exception of a small detachment which was on the
other side of the river. Very gallant service was performed by
this small party, who endeavoured by their musketry fire to
help their unfortunate comrades, and when the Zulus swam
across the river to attack them, the detachment coolly and
skilfully effected its retreat, facing about from time to time in
a manner which kept the Zulus at a distance.
The South Staffordshire was the first regiment to land in
Egypt in 1882, after the bombardment of Alexandria. It
took an active part in the operations which succeeded, and
revisited that country in 1884 to join the Expeditionary
Force formed for the rescue of General Gordon, and at Kirbekan
had an opportunity of showing that in courage and daring
the soldier of to-day is in no way behind the veterans who
fought for England in the past. The regiment was in the
River Column, under the command of General Earle, advancing
up the Nile, when it became evident that a strong force of
Arabs, numbering some 1,500, and armed with Remington
rifles, were resolved to bar further progress. The enemy
occupied some rocky heights overlooking the river, and had
built themselves some stone shelters, as well as using every rock
379
and boulder as cover for their marksmen. Two companies of
the regiment amused the enemy on their river front, while the
remainder, with the Eoyal Highlanders, undertook the severe
task of ascending the heights from the rear, to dislodge them.
In the action which followed, General Earle and Colonel Eyre,
who commanded the South Staffordshire Regiment, besides
many others, were shot by the Arabs, but our men gallantly
pressed forward until the Arabs fled helter-skelter down the
rocks, leaving, however, hundreds of their best and bravest
dead on the ground. General Brackenbury, in his official
despatch, said : " I cannot speak too highly of both officers
and men. Numbers of the enemy were killed by the bayonet."
The Boer War, which commenced in 1899, next called the
regiment into the field and the 1st Battalion embarked for
South Africa on the 17th March, 1900. On reaching the seat
of war, as part of the 8th Division it became involved in opera-
tions which were as arduous and difficult as any that fell to our
troops during the war.
The 8th Division, under Sir Leslie Rundle, operated over the
district of the Orange River Colony, around Senekal, Ficksburg,
and Bethlehem, a country so mountainous and rugged as to
constitute an almost impregnable hiding place for the Boer
commandos. The utmost vigilance and ceaseless energy were
called for on the part of the troops and their commanders, as
within the denies and valleys of this district lay some 10,000
armed Boers under De Wet, Prinsloo and Olivier. It was the
task of the 8th Division to keep them from breaking into the
southern part of the colony, and how the South Staffordshites
and their comrades of the 8th Division performed their task
may best be told in the words of Sir Conan Doyle : " Every
attempt of the enemy and there were many ended in failure.
Badly suppfied with food, Rundle and his half -starved host
held bravely to their task, and no soldiers in all that great
host deserve better of their country."
380
But they were to see a substantial reward for their labours.
While they held the mountain passes and paths in one direction,
columns of troops from other quarters had been slowly but
surely converging upon the Boers, with the result that on the
30th July and following days, Prinsloo, and no less than 4,150
Boers, were forced to surrender as prisoners of war. Much
hard work, however, remained for the regiment, and it was kept
throughout the war actively employed until the last vestige
of resistance ceased.
Much good work was also put in by the South Staffordshire
Mounted Infantry, and it took part in the last action of any
importance in the whole campaign. This was the action of
April 20th, 1902, at Moolman's Spruit, near Ficksburg. News
had been received that a small party of Boers were hiding at
an isolated farm, and 40 of the South Staffordshire Mounted
Infantry with 100 Yeomanry went out to capture them. On
reaching the spot, however, it became evident that an ambush
had been planned, as a tremendous fire burst out directly the
British advanced. The men in spite of the fire, charged up to
the very door of the farm, but it was strongly barricaded and
loopholed, and all their gallant efforts to effect an entrance
were unsuccessful.
Captain Blackwood of the regiment fell in the attack and the
small British force, finding itself outnumbered, withdrew with
a loss of 31 killed and wounded.
During the whole campaign, 4 officers and 94 N.C.O. and
men of the South Staffordshire were killed or died of wounds,
disease, &c., and 4 officers and 56 N.C.O. and men were
wounded.
The militia and volunteers of the regiment rendered excellent
service at the seat of war. The 3rd Battalion embarked for
South Africa on 17th June, 1901, and did much useful work in
guarding Boer prisoners and occupying a line of blockhouses,
besides furnishing a company of mounted" infantry for more
381
active work. The 4th Battalion went to South Africa at an
earlier date (llth February, 1900) and saw a considerable
amount of fighting. It shared in the taking of Fourteen Streams
on the 5th May, 1900 ; it formed part of the garrison of Lindley,
when the Boer attack of 26th June was repulsed ; was present
at the capture of Bethlehem, and defended Winburg against
the Boer attack of 26th August, 1900. Subsequently it ren-
dered much good service in guarding the railway line against
several Boer attacks.
The volunteer service companies which went out joined the
1st Battalion, and shared, with a spirit which nothing could
daunt, all the hard work and perils of their regular comrades,
as well as the credit which the South Staffordshire Regiment
so fully earned.
The following special distinctions have been won by soldiers
of the regiment for acts of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
Zulu War, 1879. Colour-Sergeant A. Booth. After the
Captain of his Company was killed at the Intombi River, he
took command, and by his coolness saved his Company from
annihilation by an overwhelming force of Zulus. Private S.
Wassail. For the gallant rescue of a comrade at the Buffalo
River after the fight at Isandhlwana.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant J. Neil ; Corporals
I. Baker, H. Cross, J. Husband, A. McGhie ; Privates J. Bell,
W. Bradley, J. Campbell, J. Cosgrave, W. Hannon, J. Howell,
R. McCorry, J. Murray, M. Smith, and R. Wise.
382
Nile Campaign, 1884. Privates W. Asbury, J. Darke, I.
Barber.
South. African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major (now
Quartermaster) F. H. White, W. Brown, A. Cooper, A. Hazel-
grove ; Quartermaster-Sergeant C. Belt ; Colour-Sergeants
A. Harry, G. Payne, G. Leonard, J. Hazlewood ; Sergeant-
Instructor of Musketry J. Craddock ; Privates F. Herdman,
and F. Titterton.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
The Dorsetshire Regiment,
MOTTO
"^Primus in Indis.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Castle and Key, superscribed " GIBRALTAR," and with the Motto
" Montis In.ii'jiiia Catpe " underneath.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
" PLASSEY," "MARABOUT," " ALBCHERA," " VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "NIYELLE,
" XIVE," "ORTHES," " PENINSULA," "AvA," " MAHARAJPORE," "SEVASTOPOL," '-TIRAH,
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS GRASS GREEN.
Depot Headquarters-DOROHESTER,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (Dorset Militia) .. .. .. ... Dorchester.
VOLUNTEER BATTALION :
1st .. .. .. .. .. .. Dorchester,
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR ITis MAJFSTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAIUUSON AXD SON'S, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
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385
THE DORSETSHIRE REGIMENT.
THE Dorsetshire Regiment is composed of the old 39th and
54th Regiments of Foot, and some of the principal events of
their histories are briefly recorded in the following pages,
the 39th Regiment being referred to as the 1st Battalion, and
the 54th Regiment as the 2nd Battalion. From the honours
and devices which they bear on their colours, and which are
enumerated on the first page, it will be seen that few regiments
have a more glorious record of service, or have prouder tradi-
tions.
The 1st Battalion was raised in 1702, and for about 50
years after its formation was employed in Portugal, Minorca,
Gibraltar, and Jamaica, where it acquired great honour for
gallantry and valour in many engagements.
In 1754 it proceeded to India, and at the battle of Plassey,
in 1757, won fresh laurels by its heroism. On this
occasion, the British force under Clive consisted of only
3,000 men, 1,000 of whom were English, and they were opposed
to the army of the Nabob Surajah Dowlah, numbering about
40,000 infantry, 15,000 cavalry, 50 large pieces of ordnance,
and several smaller guns manned by the French auxiliaries.
This formidable army was completely routed by the desperate
bravery of the small British force, which captured the whole of
the camp, baggage, and guns of the enemy, and thus con-
quered Bengal, a territory larger and more populous than
Great Britain. In this battle the battalion bore the leading
part, and distinguished itself by its undaunted bravery and
conspicuous valour, winning the proud title of ' ' Primus in
Indis." to denote that they were the first King's regiment
employed in India, and this motto, with the word " Plassey,"
has since been borne on the colours. In the same year the
battalion defeated the French at Nellore, Trichinopoly and
-_-_
.388
great gallantry. Advancing to the Nive it fought another
engagement, as the passage was again disputed, and following
up the enemy to Bayonne, another desperate action was fought
on the 12th December. On the 13th February, 1814, the British
force pushed on to the heights near Garris ; although strongly
occupied, they were successfully stormed and carried by the
consummate bravery of the battalion, which gained for it the
special praise of the Marquis of Wellington, who, in his des-
patches, referred to the engagement as follows : " The
action lasted till after dark, the enemy having made repeated
attempts to regain the position, particularly in two attacks,
which were most gallantly received and repulsed by the 39th
Regiment." The battalion was also present at the battles of
Orthes and Toulouse.
For its services in the Peninsular War it received the Royal
authority for the following words to be borne on the regimental
colour and appointments, viz., " Albuhera," " Vittoria,"
" Pyrenees," " Nivelle," " Nive," " Orthes," " Peninsula."
After the termination of the war the battalion proceeded
to North America, where hostilities had broken out with
the United States, and was employed in the operations on
Lake Champlain. In the meantime the 2nd Battalion pro-
ceeded to Pomerania in 1813, and was specially mentioned
in despatches for its gallant behaviour at the battle of Merxem.
In the following year it co-operated with Billow's Prussians in
the bombardment of Antwerp, . after which it remained in
garrison at Nieuport until the escape of Napoleon from Elba.
On the 18th June, 1815, the day of the great battle of
Waterloo, it was in reserve at Halle, but the officers and men
received the Waterloo medal. It subsequently had some sharp
fighting at Cambray, and also at the capture of Paris.
Proceeding to the Cape of Good Hope in 1819, it was actively
employed on the Kaffir frontier. From the Cape it proceeded
to India, and thence to Burmah in 1824, on the outbreak of
the first Burmese War ; here it was engaged in a series of arduous
services, including several desperate assaults on stockades, in
which it won great distinction, and in commemoration of its
services was permitted to bear the word " Ava " on its regi-
mental colour and appointments.
After the termination of the Burmese War neither of the
battalions of the Dorsetshire Regiment saw active service until
1839, when the 1st Battalion took a prominent part in the
capture of Fort Kurnool, and the action of Zerapore in India,
and was highly commended for its behaviour on that occasion.
389
In 1843, the same battalion took the leading part in the battle
of Maharajpore, and by its indomitable dash and courage won
a hard-fought victory against infinitely superior numbers,
driving the Mahrattas from their strongly posted batteries at
the point of the bayonet. For its heroic conduct in this engage-
ment, in which it lost 11 officers and 172 men, the battalion
received the special thanks of the Government, and a special
bronze star, made from the captured guns, was issued to it,
while the word " Maharajpore " was authorised to be borne on
the regimental colour and appointments.
The 1st Battalion returned to England in 1847, and on its
departure from India, Lord Gough, the Commander-in-Chief,
issued a very complimentary General Order, dated the 27th
February, 1847, drawing special attention to its excellent
service in that country.
The 2nd Battalion, having returned from India in 1840,
served in Gibraltar, the West Indies, and Canada, from 1845-54,
and on its return to England was ordered out to Gibraltar again
within three weeks, and did duty there for the rest of the
Crimean War.
During the service of the 2nd Battalion in the West Indies
a serious rising of the negro population took place on the 5th
March, 1849, at St. Lucia, which was only suppressed after
considerable bloodshed, but it afforded the officers and men of
the battalion an opportunity to earn high commendation " for
their prompt action, steadiness, and forbearance."
In December, 1854, the 1st Battalion proceeded to the Crimea,
and on arrival lined the Balaklava Heights, and was constantly
employed in the trenches before Sevastopol, and on various
other arduous services. It was present at the bombardment
and assault on Sevastopol, and remained in the Crimea until
peace was declared in May, 1856. For its services in this cam-
paign, the battalion received the Crimean medal, and was
authorised to bear the word " Sevastopol " on its regimental
colour.
News of the Indian Mutiny having reached England, the
2nd Battalion embarked for India in August, 1857, the head-
quarters and a wing being on board the transport sailing ship
Sarah Sands, which contained a large quantity of gunpowder
and ammunition. On the llth November, when in the Indian
Ocean, about 800 miles from Mauritius, the ship was discovered
to be on fire. This occurrence afforded the battalion an oppor-
tunity of showing its steady discipline and valour. The work
of clearing the hold of ammunition was one of the greatest
390
danger, and entailed many acts of dauntless heroism. For
about 17 hours the officers and men were engaged in an incessant
conflict with the flames, but by unflinching bravery and
dogged determination the fire was eventually overcome.
During the fire the stern of the ship had been blown out by a
barrel of gunpowder, and the vessel aft the mast was a steaming
chasm, with 17 feet of water in the after compartments. At
every roll of the ship four huge iron water tanks dashed against
the sides, threatening to breach the bent and weakened plates.
The port side of the stern was blown out to the water's edge,
and admitted every wave. The mizen-mast was gone, the
main-mast was tottering, and all the charts, compasses and
chronometers were gone. Such was the state of the vessel when
the fire was subdued, but in spite of these difficulties the vessel
at length reached Mauritius after 12 days of the most strenuous
exertions of all on board and incessant work at the pumps.
An address of a highly complimentary nature was made to
the regiment by the Legislative Council of Mauritius, and a
report of the circumstances having been made to the Horse
Guards, a General Order, dated the 27th February, 1858, was
published and ordered to be read at the head of every regiment
in the Army. The following is an extract :
" H.R.H. the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief has
great gratification in making known to the Army the substance
of a report received from Major-General Breton, Commanding
the troops at the Mauritius, recording the remarkable gallantry
and resolution displayed by the officers and soldiers of the 54th
R.egiment, on board the ship Sarah Sands, on the llth Novem-
ber, 1857, under circumstances of a most trying nature, namely,
when that vessel took fire at sea, having at the time a large
quantity of ammunition on board.
" H.R.H. is pleased to observe that the behaviour of the
54th Regiment during the course of this distressing occurrence
was most praiseworthy, and by its result must render manifest
to all the advantages of subordination and strict obedience to
orders under the most alarming and dangerous circumstances
in which soldiers can be placed."
The battalion proceeded from Mauritius to India, and
arrived in Calcutta in January, 1858, afterwards serving
during the latter part of the Mutiny with the Sobraon Field
Force, and in the concluding operations under Lord Clyde, in
Oude, in 1858-59. For their services in the suppression
of the Mutiny the officers and men subsequently received
the medal. The battalion remained in India until 1866,
391
when it returned home, but served in India again from 1871
to 1885.
The 1st Battalion also served in India from 1869-82, and
since that time has served twice in Malta and twice in Egypt.
In 1881, on the organisation of the territorial system, the
39th Regiment became the 1st Battalion, and the 54th Regi-
ment the 2nd Battalion, of the Dorsetshire Regiment.
The Dorset Regiment was again employed on active service
in October, 1897, when the 1st Battalion formed part of the
Tirah Expeditionary Force. On the 18th October, the battle
of Dargai was fought, in which it was attempted against very
heavy odds to take the heights, the Dorsets losing in the attempt
1 sergeant, 8 rank and file killed, and 1 officer, 6 sergeants, 35
rank and file wounded.
The next engagement was in November, in the Warran
Valley, where they formed the rear guard, and had very
arduous work to perform, being greatly harassed by the Zahka
Khels. Two companies had to remain out all night repelling
constant attacks, their losses being 9 killed and 7 wounded.
In December, the long and difficult march down the Bara
Valley took place, when the battalion was employed in holding
the heights on each side of the Valley. The cold was intense
and the Bara River, which was knee deep and very cold, had
frequently to be crossed. An action was fought on 8th
December, in which the losses were 1 officer and 3 men wounded.
For gallant conduct at Dargai, Captain Arnold was given a
Brevet Majority, and in the action in the Warran Valley, Lance-
Corporal S. Vickery won the Victoria Cross.
The next war service of the regiment was in the Boer War of
1899, when the 2nd Battalion formed a part of the 10th Brigade
under Major-General Talbot-Coke, its first action being at
Spion Kop, where it held the back slopes of the hill through-
out the whole of the engagement on the 24th January, being
the last of the British troops to leave Spion Kop, as a rear
guard, on the morning of the 25th January. It was
specially praised by General Sir Redvers Buller for the useful
work it had performed on those days.
The next action was at Vaal Krantz, on the retirement
from which it again acted as a rear guard, and for the
second time was the last to cross the Tugela to the south.
It shared in the 14 days' continuous fighting which
ended in the relief of Ladysmith, being hotly engaged at
Onderbruit Spruit on the 21st February, 1900, when the
10th Brigade, to which it belonged, was the first to cross the
2 o
392
Tugela, its duty on that day being to cover the crossing of
the rest of General Buller's army. This was a most trying day
for the Dorsets, but all ranks behaved splendidly.
Arduous outpost duties were then performed by the battalion
in the neighbourhood of Elandslaagte, where the men suffered
severely from enteric fever.
During this time a service company from the 1st Volunteei
Battalion, Dorset Regiment, joined from home, and for several
months served as a company of the Dorset Regiment, distin-
guishing itself by its devotion to duty and specially by good
service at Alleman's Nek on the llth June, 1900, and at the
taking of Gras Kop on the 22nd July, 1900.
In June, the 2nd Dorsets formed part of Sir Redvers Buller's
force which turned the enemy's position at Laing's Nek, moving
round by Botha's Pass into the Orange River Colony, across
the Klip River into the Transvaal and through Alleman's Nek
into Natal, north of Laing's Nek. For three trying days and
nights the Dorsets held Van Wyk, south of Botha's Pass,
resisting a smart counter attack at dusk on the first evening,
and enduring very great cold.
On the llth June it was the good luck of the Dorsets to be
ordered to take the most prominent part in the attack on
Alleman's Nek ; in this fight they pushed on regardless of the
heavy fire directed on them from the front and both flanks,
first taking the Conical Kopje in the mouth of the pass, and one
hour later seizing at the point of the bayonet the heights on
the north of the pass, which cleared it entirely of the enemy.
The losses in this engagement were 10 killed, and 2 officers and
52 men wounded.
On the 14th June, 1900, General Talbot-Coke, on behalf of
Sir Redvers Buller, made an address to the battalion, of which
the following is an extract : " We found Alleman's Nek held
very strongly by the enemy, numbering in all about 2,800, and
which had to be taken before sundown that day, and I can
proudly say that the hills commanding that pass were taken by
you men of the Dorset Regiment, who, knowing the sun was
fast going down, were not to be daunted, and before the sun
had gone below the hills, you had them in your possession, and
you have gained a name that will be carried by your regiment
for years to come and uphold the grand traditions of the old
54th. The remainder of the enemy, on hearing of their com-
rades' reverse at Alleman's Nek, flew north as fast as their
horses would carry them. General Clery occupied Laing's
Nek without firing a shot, so officers and men of the Dorset
393
Regiment, I can proudly say without trying to dishearten any
other man, that Alleman's Nek was taken by you, and it was
one of the most brilliant pieces of work done during this
campaign."
On the 22nd July, during General Hildyard's advarce from
Sandspruit towards Amersfort, the Dorsets were detailed to
hold the Boers on the great hill of Gras Kop, while General
Hildyard attacked it with his main force. The Dorsets, how-
ever, saw their opportunity, and seized Gras Kop single handed,
the volunteer company doing good work on the right
flank.
From the 29th April, 1901, to the llth September, 1901, the
Battalion was continuously marching and fighting with a
column under General Bullock and General Spens. On the
llth September, General Spens published the following column
order r " The Brigadier-General much regrets that Gough's
Mounted Infantry and the 2nd Dorset Regiment have left this
column. In a time of much hard work, both in the field and on
the line of march, these two units have taken a most conspi-
cuous part and have entirely maintained their high reputation.
The discipline and efficiency of both have been of the hig 1 est
standard."
Until the end of the war the regiment held first lines of com-
munication in the centre section of the Orange River Colony,
and later from Pienaar's Poort to the Wilge River in the Trans-
vaal, during which time it did very hard and trying work
needing great vigilance, besides being engaged in several skir-
mishes.
On the return home of the Dorsets they were received
with great demonstrations both at Dorchester and at Portland,
and the county presented handsome silver cups to the officers'
and sergeants' messes in commemoration of the duties the
battalion had performed.
The mounted infantry of the regiment was also greatly dis-
tinguished during the war, and among their many good services
was the defence of Forts Itala and Prospect in Zululand in
September, 1901, which inflicted heavy losses on the Boers
and checked Louis Botha's intended invasion of Natal.
The total losses of the regiment during the campaign were
1 officer, 87 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds, disease,
&c., and 3 officers, 92 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The following is a list of soldiers of the regiment who have
gained special distinction for acts of courage on the field of
battle :
2 c 2,
394
The Victoria Cross.
Storming of Dargai, Tirah Campaign, 1897. Lance Corporal
S. Vickery, for gallantry on two occasions: (1) For carrying
a wounded comrade to a place of safety under a heavy fire ;
(2) when himself wounded, killing two of the enemy at close
quarters and bringing in a wounded comrade.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Tirah Campaign. 1897. Corporal H. G. Brown ; Privates
H. T. Hart, G. Anthony.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant- Major A.
Brown ; Quartermaster-Sergeant W. Thomason ; Colour-
Sergeants A. Brown, H. W. Hutchings, J. H. Thompson, A. J.
Valler, B. S. Verdon ; Company-Sergeant-Major W. Young ;
Lance-Corporals E. G. Davies, W. Lambert ; Private A. E.
Williams.
Specially Promoted.
For gallantry at Fort Itala. Private W. J. Eyres.
For gallantry at Fort Prospect. Privates J. Bo wring, A.
Whitney, and R. W Sherring.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE PRINCE OF WALES'S VOLUNTEERS
SOUTH LANCASHIRE REGIMENT.
BADGE.
The Plume of the Prince of Wales.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
" LomsBURG," " MONTE VIDEO," "BOLEIA," " VIMIERA," "TALAVERA," " BADAJOZ,"
"SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "ORTHES," "TOULOUSE,"
"PENINSULA," " NIAGARA, " "WATERLOO," "CANDAHAR,"" GHUZNEE," "CABOOL, 1842,"
"MAHARAJPORE," "SEVASTOPOL," "LUCKNOW," " XEW ZEALAND,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-W ARLINGTON,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (4th R. Lancashire Militia)
1st
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Warrington. \ 2nd . .
L N T D N :
FOR His MVIFSCY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY 1IA :;iISUN AXD SONS, ST M.UITKVS LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
Warrington
St. Helens.
And to be pun-linsed, either directly or through any Bookseller from
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J
397
SOUTH LANCASHIRE REGIMENT.
SOUTH LANCASHIRE is represented in the ranks of His Majesty's
Army by a regiment of two line battalions, both of which,
until the year 1881, had existed as separate corps, and, as the
40th and 82nd Kegiments of Foot respectively, had each
gained a considerable reputation for gallantry and good
conduct. They had often fought side by side, so that when
linked together in one regiment they had many glorious recol-
lections in common. Their varied services give the history of
the South Lancashire Regiment an interest and character in no
way inferior to that of the most distinguished regiments of
the Army.
This history, however, can only be briefly sketched in the
limits of a pamphlet, and much of interest must necessarily
be omitted, but the mere mention of the long list of successes
emblazoned on its colours is sufficient to prove how often,
and how well, the soldiers of the regiment have fought in their
country's cause.
The history of the 1st Battalion (the old 40th Regiment)
extends over a period of nearly 190 years, as it was first raised
in 1717, while the 2nd Battalion (82nd Foot) came into exis-
tence in 1793.
The first service of national importance in which the regi-
ment took part was the conquest of Canada from the French.
At the capture of Louisburg, in 1758, the 1st Battalion gained
considerable credit, and the detachment which accompanied
the gallant Wolfe to Quebec fought with the Louisburg Grena-
diers, at whose head the young general fell. The surrender of
Montreal, in 1760, completed the downfall of the French in
America, and added the vast provinces of Canada to the
possessions of the Empire.
This service was followed by successful operations against
the French and Spanish West Indian Islands, during which
the rich prizes of Guadaloupe and Havannah both fell to a
British force, in which the 1st Battalion was included. The
398
American War of Independence furnished much hard service,
and, notwithstanding the unfortunate nature of the contest,
the battalion could look back upon it with a proud conscious-
ness that it, at least, had borne itself without fear or reproach
throughout the struggle.
In San Domingo, in 1795, both battalions of the regiment
underwent a stern and terrible experience. The revolted
negroes and the French Republicans were formidable foes, but
their utmost efforts were nothing compared to the terrible
ravages, which disease and privation made in the regiment's
ranks. In the 2nd Battalion alone, 22 officers and 1,000 men
succumbed. Notwithstanding these fearful losses, the regi-
ment carried out its duties with exemplary devotion, and
among the individuals who especially distinguished themselves
may be mentioned Lieutenant Talbot, spoken of by the
general "as an officer of extraordinary bravery and good
conduct," who, with a few men, gallantly defended Fort
Trois for many hours against the desperate attacks of large
numbers of the blacks, and was unfortunately killed just
before the enemy withdrew, with the loss of 1,000 men. Ser-
geant Shaw, during another siege, picked up a burning shell
which had just fallen at the door of a powder magazine, and,
lifting it on his head, coolly walked to the parapet and threw
it over.
After campaigning with the Duke of York in Holland,
the 1st Battalion was represented by its four flank companies
in the memorable expedition which proceeded to Egypt, under
Sir Ralph Abercromby, in 1801. So spirited and gallant was
the conduct of these companies, both at the. landing in Aboukir
Bay, and in the action of March 21st outside Alexandria, that
they earned for their regiment the honours usually given when
the whole battalion had been engaged, and consequently the
badge of the Sphinx, with the word " Egypt," appears on the
colours of the South Lancashire Regiment. In 1807, in order
to prevent the Danish fleet from falling into the hands of
Napoleon, Copenhagen was besieged and taken by the British,
and the 2nd Battalion was very highly praised in Official
Despatches for the vigour and resolution it displayed in main-
taining throughout the siege a dangerous but important
advanced post, and in addition to other honours, its Colonel
was knighted.
In the same year the 1st Battalion was serving in South
America, and was much distinguished at the assault and
capture of Monte Video. In this assault the battalion marched
399
in support of the storming party, but, owing to the intense
darkness of the night, the troops were unable to discover
the breach in the wall which had been made the previous
day, and great confusion ensued, especially as the garrison
poured a terrible fire on them from the walls. The troops
were relieved from this dilemma by an officer of the battalion,
who found that the breach had been filled in with sand-bags
and greasy hides, over which, nevertheless, our troops speedily
climbed. Notwithstanding that the enemy made a vigorous
defence in the streets, the town was completely in our possession
before daylight had set in. It says much for the discipline
and forbearance of our soldiers to read that by 11 o'clock in
the morning the women of the place were passing unmolested
through the streets of the city.
A splendid chapter in the regiment's history commenced
the following year, when, at the battles of Koleia and Vimiera,
the French experienced the first of those reverses which the
genius of Wellington and the valour of his troops inflicted on
them during the Peninsular War. Although not actively
engaged in the battle of Corunna, the 2nd Battalion shared in
the memorable retreat of Sir John Moore, in which, notwith-
standing the severity of the winter and the superior numbers
of the enemy, not a single colour or gun fell into the hands of
the French, who were, moreover, decisively beaten when
Corunna was reached.
Both battalions gave gallant service at the battle of
Talavera, as well as at the crowning victory of Vittoria,
when Napoleon's brother, King Joseph of Spain, at the head
of 70,000 men, was so signally routed, that he, with his cour-
tiers, left all their baggage and treasure behind them on the
battle-field. In the battle of Salamanca, the 1st Battalion
gained much credit by the charge with which it cleared the rear
of the British line of a column by which the French had
intended to surprise it.
In the battles of the Pyrenees, both battalions gained
special praise from their great commander. The nine days'
struggle among these mountains and passes, the result of
which was the final expulsion of the French from Spain, gave
our troops many opportunities of distinguishing themselves,
and none more readily seized them than the men of the 1st
and 2nd Battalions. Wellington declared that the conduct
of the 2nd Battalion on the 26th July, was the " admiration
of all who witnessed it," while, two days later he was equally
enaphatic in his praise of the 1st Battalion, who had made no
400
less than four successful bayonet charges on that day in order
to hold the celebrated Pass of Roncesvalles. The following
is an extract from the Official Despatch of Lieut. -General
Stewart, the Commander of the Division in which the 2nd
Battalion was serving, at the Pass of Maya : " I cannot too
warmly praise the conduct of Major Fitzgerald (82nd Foot)
and that of his brave detachment. They maintained the
position to the last, and were compelled, from the want of
ammunition, to impede the enemy's occupation of the rock by
hurling stones at them. I feel it my duty to recommend to
your attention and favourable report to the Commander of
the Forces the conduct and spirit of Colonel Grant and of his
brave corps, the 82nd Regiment. The wounds of him and every
commanding officer in that brigade were attended with circum-
stances of peculiar honour to each of them, and to those under
their orders."
Space will not allow a detailed description of how the
battalions crossed the rivers of Nivelle, Nive and Adour in the
face of the foe, nor how well they fought at the battles of
Orthes and Toulouse, but none of the war-worn veterans of
Wellington's army better earned the honours granted for the
Peninsular War.
Hardly had the 2nd Battalion landed in England, before
it was again under orders for foreign service, and proceeded
to America, where hostilities had broken out. At Fort
Niagara, in 1814, the timely arrival of these brave and seasoned
troops turned the tide of victory, as will be seen from the
following extract from Lieut. -General Drummond's Despatch :
" The charge made by the 82nd Regiment, under Major Proctor,
and detachment of the 6th, under Major Taylor, led to the
recovery of Battery No. 2, and very much decided the preci-
pitate retrograde movement made by the enemy from the
different points of our position, of which he had gained short
possession."
The 1st Battalion had been sent to South America, but
being hastily recalled, landed in Belgium, and was fortunate
enough to join the English army on the night before the
battle of Waterloo. In this famous victory the battalion nobly
mantained its high reputation, and it stood like a rock under
the pitiless iron storm and the fierce assaults of Napoleon's
horse and foot, until the time came when the Duke of Welling-
ton, hat in hand, led forward that advance, which once and
for all swept the army of Napoleon from the battle-field. This
battle cost the battalion 167 officers and men killed and wounded.
401
Many years of peace succeeded the Napoleonic wars, although,
in 1816, the 2nd Battalion experienced a sad disaster, being
shipwrecked off the Old Head of Kinsale, when no less than 160
officers and men were unfortunately drowned.
It was not until 1841 that the regiment had again to face an
enemy, and then the 1st Battalion penetrated the wild defiles
of Afghanistan, captured the fortresses of Ghuznee and Can-
dahar, and held the latter for many months, in spite of the
efforts of 10,000 Afghans to retake it. It remained at Candahar
during the disastrous retreat of the English army from Cabul,
but joined the avenging force, and with it entered Cabul, where
stern retribution was meted out to the treacherous people. A
year later the battalion was engaged against the warlike
Mahrattas, and at the battle of Maharajpore gallantly charged
and captured 28 guns and four stands of colours, although the
two senior officers, with many others, fell under the tempest of
fire through which it advanced.
The 2nd Battalion, meanwhile, had, for no less than 40 years,
been resting on its laurels, although it had been doing good
service in guarding the possessions of this country in various
quarters of the globe. In 1855, however, it was sent to rein-
force the army in the Crimea, but the fall of Sevastopol, a few
days after its arrival, gave it few opportunities of distinction.
Two years later saw it on its way to China, but the news of the
Indian Mutiny called it instead to India. One wing of the batta-
lion followed Sir Colin Campbell, when, with 4,000 men, he
rescued the garrison of Lucknow, in spite of the desperate
efforts of 40,000 rebel Sepoys. The other wing was left to hold
Cawnpore against 25,000 rebels, under the infamous Nana
Sahib, who wished to intercept Sir Colin's line of retreat. Much
serious fighting took place, but the small English force, at no
time exceeding 1,700 men, held stoutly to its post, until they
were joined by their triumphant companions from Lucknow,
when the rebels quickly retreated. In the fighting at Cawn-
pore, Captain Farmar gained promotion for the gallantry with
which he led his company to the capture of two 18-pounder
guns, which were taken after a severe struggle.
The battalion was next engaged in the dispersal of the
mutinous Gwalior contingent, and the capture of Bareilly,
operations which had to be effected under a heat so intense,
that the very animals were gasping for breath, and in one night
a sergeant and eight men were buried, who had died from
the effects of the heat, while many others suffered from sun-
stroke. Notwithstanding what they might suffer from heat,
402
however, the sight of the rebels was always sufficient to animate
the men to fresh exertions, and many deeds of gallantry were
performed. A wing of the battalion having been left at
Shahjehanpore, while the remainder of the column advanced
under Sir Colin Campbell, a large body of the enemy, under
the favourite general of the Queen of Oude, endeavoured
to cut off and destroy the wing which they outnumbered
by some twenty to one. Colonel Hale, with his men, threw
themselves into the gaol, the only defensible post, and here,
suffering much from the fearful heat within their narrow
limits, a most gallant and successful resistance was made, and
the place was held for many days, until the rebels retreated on
the approach of a relieving force.
" New Zealand " was gained for the colours by the 1st Batta-
lion during the Maori Wars of 1860-64. The service which the
battalion was called upon to render during these campaigns
was of a difficult and trying nature, involving fatiguing marches,
incessant watchfulness, and considerable privation. The
gallantry displayed, when the foe could be found, earned for
the battalion many commendations. Sergeant Lucas gained
the Victoria Cross for heroism displayed in the defence of
wounded comrades during one of the somewhat frequent occa-
sions on which the British troops were called upon to face
superior numbers of the enemy in the midst of their own native
forests. The dash exhibited by the men of the battalion in
crossing by a single plank a river, which ran 50 feet below, in
the face of the fire of the Maories, and the rapid and spirited
manner in which they attacked the enemy's stockades, were
fully equal to the high reputation which the regiment had
always maintained, and which has given the South Lancashire
Regiment a foremost place in the British Army.
35 years then elapsed before the South Lancashire Regiment
was called upon to take part in its next war, the South African
Campaign of 1899-1902, and then not only was the regiment
represented by the 1st Battalion and the contingents of regular
soldiers sent to it from the 2nd Battalion, but the citizen
soldiers connected with it (represented by the whole of the 3rd
(Militia) Battalion, and contingents from the 1st and 2nd
Volunteer Battalions), were also called upon to take their share
in the defence of the Empire in South Africa, and did so in a
manner which fully justified the position they now hold as an
integral portion of the regiment.
On the 30th November, 1899, the 1st Battalion embarked at
Liverpool for South Africa under command of Lieut. -Colonel
403
W. MacCarthy-O'Leary. The battalion arrived at Durban on the
23rd December, and at once entrained for Estcourt, where it
remained during the concentration of the 5th Division under
Sir Charles Warren, to the llth Brigade of which it belonged.
This brigade was composed entirely of Lancashire regiments,
viz., the 2nd Royal Lancaster Regiment, the 2nd Lancashire
Fusiliers, the 1st South Lancashire Regiment, and the 1st York
and Lancaster Regiment, and was commanded by Major-
General Sir E. Woodgate.
To follow closely the fortunes of the battalion day by day
through the momentous and arduous period which followed
between the 9th January, 1900, when it left Estcourt, and the
3rd March, when, with the rest of the victorious troops, it made
its triumphant entry into Ladysmith, would be beyond the
scope of this pamphlet ; a few of the main incidents in this most
memorable advance must, however, be mentioned. The first
day under fire was the 20th January, when fighting lasted from
dawn to dusk, the Lancashire Fusiliers and the York and Lan-
caster Regiment attacking the Boer right on Intabyama,
whilst the Royal Lancaster and South Lancashire Regiments
remained with the guns (9 men of the battalion wounded).
During the 21st and 22nd the battle continued ; on the 23rd,
it having been decided to take Spion Kop, C and D Com-
panies of the battalion were ordered to form part of the attacking
force and left their bivouac after dark on that day. In the
engagement which followed the greatest gallantry was shown,
both the officers of D Company, Captain Birch and Lieutenant
Raphael, were killed, and in the two companies, 10 N.C.O.
and men were killed and 24 wounded. General Woodgate
was mortally wounded, the Brigade-Major killed, and after a
total loss of 1,300 killed and wounded, the hill was abandoned,
and our forces withdrew across the Tugela on the night of the
26th. On the 3rd February, the llth Brigade again crossed
the Tugela at Potgeiter's Drift, and at 6 a.m. on the 5th made a
demonstration against Brakfontein whilst the attack on Vaal
Krantz was developed. The subsequent retirement under a
heavy fire from both the Brakfontein and Spion Kop trenches
was carried out by the battalion with a steadiness which did it
great credit. On the 8th, the forces were withdrawn to Spear-
man's, on the 12th, the battalion arrived at Chievley, and on
the 11th, occupied Hussar Hill.
From this latter date until the relief of Ladysmith the llth
Brigade was incessantly engaged, and the 1st Battalion took
part in all the fierce fighting of the Tugela Heights. On the
404
22nd February, Brigadier-General Wynne, who had succeeded
Major-General Woodgate, was wounded and the battalion lost
5 men killed and 1 officer and 21 men wounded. On the 23rd
4 officers and 22 N.C.O. and men were also wounded. On
the 25th the battalion marched to Hlangwane, and on the 27th
recrossed the Tugela, taking a distinguished part in the battle
of Pieter's Hill. In this engagement the llth Brigade was
ordered to attack the centre hill, known now as " Kitchener's
Hill," but then as " Eailway Hill." Though the regiment will
always remember with pride the conduct of those who repre-
sented it on this occasion, it must also always deplore the loss
which it suffered in the death of its gallant commanding officer,
Lieut. -Colonel MacCarthy-O'Leary, who fell in the moment of
victory after leading the charge on the Boer trenches ; 5 of the
N.C.O. and men were also killed, and 1 officer, and 38 N.C.O.
and men wounded. The following is an extract from a copy of
the cablegram which Sir Redvers Buller, despatched to the
War Office on the day following the battle :
" The 4th Brigade under Colonel Norcott, and the llth Bri-
gade under Colonel Kitchener, the whole under General Warren,
assailed the enemy's main position, which was magnificently
carried by the South Lancashire Eegiment about sunset."
On the following day, the 28th, Ladysmith was relieved, and
General Sir Charles Warren personally visited the bivouac of
the 1st South Lancashire Regiment to congratulate it on its
gallant conduct on the previous day. He also addressed the
following communication to the Brigadier, Colonel Kitchener:
" After the funeral of Colonel O'Leary and the soldiers of the
South Lancashire Regiment, I wish to express to Major Hall and
officers and soldiers of the South Lancashire Regiment the
great pleasure I felt in bringing to the Commander-in-Chief
your report of their gallant conduct in making the final charge
and capturing the Boer trenches.
" (Signed) Charles Warren."
Whilst the 1st Battalion had been distinguishing itself on
the battlefields of Natal, the 3rd Battalion had not been idle.
It volunteered for service in any part of the world where its
services might be required, and this offer having been accepted,
it was ordered on active service to South Africa, and embarked
at Liverpool amidst a scene of great enthusiasm on 16th
January, 1900. On arrival at Cape Town on 14th February, it
was at first ordered to De Aar, but its destination was subse-
quently changed to Hanover Road, in the vicinity of which
place the enemy were at that time very active. The victory
405
of Paardeberg, however, caused them shortly afterwards to
retire, and the 3rd Battalion, having been placed under the
command of General Clements, followed with his force, as the
Boers were gradually driven back cross the Orange Eiver,
occupying in turn Arundel, Kensburg, Colesberg and Norval's
Pont. At the latter place, though all ranks were anxious to
continue the advance, the battalion was kept stationary for a
considerable time, being employed in repairing the important
bridge over the Orange Eiver which the Boers in their retreat
had destroyed. There was a chance about this time of the
1st and 3rd Battalions meeting, the 5th Division having been
ordered after the relief of Ladysmith to Cape Colony. This
order was, however, subsequently cancelled, and the 1st Batta-
lion, which had already got as far as Pietermaritzburg, had to
return to Ladysmith. There, on the 29th March, it was joined
by the service company sent out by the 1st and 2nd Volunteer
Battalions of the regiment, and this company during the
remainder of the campaign shared with the 1st Battalion its
hardships as well as its honours. The spirit shown by the
volunteer battalions was indeed most praiseworthy; four con-
tingents were sent out during the progress of the campaign,
and the total number who served with the 1st Battalion in
South Africa was 6 officers and 189 N.C.O. and men. Of
these the 1st Volunteer Battalion furnished 4 officers and 141
N.C.O. and men, and the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, 2 officers
and 48 N.C.O. and men. The action of those at home through-
out the war, and the conduct of their representatives in the field,
showed very clearly that the volunteer battalions felt themselves
to be part of the territorial regiment, and appreciated the con-
nection, a feeling which was cordially reciprocated by their com-
rades in the line. After being about six weeks in Ladysmith
the 1st Battalion joined in the general advance to the north of
Natal and took part in the actions of Botha's Pass and Alh>
mann's Nek, which forced the Boers to evacuate Laing's Nek ;
subsequently it was employed on the lines of communication
between Wakkerstroom and Volkrust, and later, the battalion
was ordered to proceed to Vryheid, where it remained until the
close of the campaign. Whilst at Vryheid, a strong contin-
gent was supplied by the battalion to the 5th Division Mounted
Infantry, and no notice of the regiment's services would be
complete without mention of the distinguished part which this
contingent took in the gallant defence of Fort Itala, when the
enemy attacked that position in overwhelming numbers.
Lieutenant H. R. Kane was on that occasion at an advanced
406
post in the line of defence, and when attacked behaved in a
most gallant manner. He and his men were unable to stem
the onward rush of the Boers, but they stubbornly defended
their post. Lieutenant Kane fell, shouting, " No surrender,
men." 8 of his men were killed with him, and 10 more were
wounded.
On the 9th of October a patrol of the 3rd Battalion, sent out
in a northerly direction, was attacked, and the same night the
defences on the west were also fired on.
From this time onward, until the battalion was ordered home
in July, 1901, the Boers were very active in the south of the
Orange River Colony, and the men of the 3rd Battalion on
several occasions came in contact with them.
In May, 1901, Major Heath, who had been given command
of No. 6 Armoured Train, was killed by one of the enemy's
mines which blew up his train and killed him instantaneously.
In July, 1901, the 3rd Battalion was ordered to return to
England, and in August of that year was disembodied. The
1st Battalion remained at Vryheid till the end of the war and
shortly afterwards embarked for India, the volunteer company
having returned to England shortly before.
The casualties of the regiment during the war amounted to
5 officers, 94 N.C.O. and men, killed in action or died of
wounds, disease, &c., and 4 officers, 137 N.C.O. and men,
wounded.
The following soldiers have won special distinctions for acts
of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
In New Zealand Campaign, 1861. Colour-Sergeant J. Lucas.
For gallant conduct on the 18th March, 1861, when with a
skirmishing party, which was suddenly attacked at close
quarters, and the officer wounded, took charge and maintained
his position until support arrived.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeants- Major G.
Devlin, J. A. Altman ; Quartermaster-Sergeants T. Foster,
S. T. Boast ; Colour-Sergeants E. O'Brien, T. Simon ; Sergeant
W. Price ; Privates R. Brighouse, H. Bracken, P. Coulter ;
Drummer G. Handley.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
FHE WELSH REGIMENT.
BADGES.
The Eose and Thistle on the same stalk, within the Garter. The Plume of the Prince of
Wales, and the Motto "Gwdl Angau na Chyicilyld." In each of the four corners the
Royal Cypher, ensigned with the Imperial Crown.
JATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
"ST. VINCENT," "BOURBON," "JAVA," "DETROIT," " QCTEENSTOWN," " MIAMI,"
" NIAGARA, " "WATERLOO," "INDIA," "AVA," " CANDAHAB," "GHUZNEE,"
" CABOOL, 1842," "ALMA," "INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
"RELIEF OF KIMBERLEY," " PAARDEBERO."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters CARDIFF,
MILITIA.
rd Battalion (Royal Glamorgan Militia). .
1st
2nd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Haverf or divest.
Bridgend, Glam.
3. 3rd ..
4. 3rd Glamorgan
Cardiff.
Cardiff.
Swansea.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINART TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
W YUAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DOBLIM.
409
THE WELSH REGIMENT.
IN 1787 the 1st Battalion, which had been in existence since 1719
under the title of " The Regiment of Invalids," became an
effective regiment of the line as the 41st Foot.
The 2nd Battalion, first raised in 1756 as a reserve to the
24th Regiment, took its place in the Army List as " The 69th
Regiment, or Colville's Foot," in 1760 ; being subsequently
styled " The 69th, South Lincolnshire Regiment."
The two battalions were linked together as " The Welsh Regi-
ment " on 1st July, 1881.
It is in 1778 that there is any mention of active service
in connection with the regiment, when the 2nd Battalion
was present at the capture of the island of St. Lucia from the
French ; and again, in April, 1782, when they were employed
as Marines, under Sir Samuel Hood, being present at the
victory gained by Rodney and Hood over the French in the
West Indies, and receiving, as a reward for their services,
permission to wear a laurel wreath round the number on their
colours, and accoutrements.
Both battalions embarked from Ireland for the West
Indies in 1793-94 ; but the destination of the 2nd Battalion
was changed on its arrival at Spithead, and for the second
time in its career it acted as Marines, under Lord Hood,
assisting at the siege of Toulon, and being present in the
2 D 2
410
engagements with the French in Corsica, and in the naval
actions in the Mediterranean.
In 1794 the 1st Battalion shared in the capture of
Martinique, St. Lucia, Guadeloupe and St. Domingo, and,
having buried 17 officers and 1,500 men in the West Indies,
returned to Cork in 1797 a skeleton of the regiment which
had left that place less than three years I efore.
But it was in 1797 that the 2nd Battalion achieved one
of its greatest honours and the name " St. Vincent " on
the colours is borne by the Welsh Eegiment alone.
As Marines, for the third time in their history, a portion
of the battalion was serving on the Britannia, the Courageux,
and the Agamemnon, under Nelson, at the close of the year
1796 ; and in the following year the " Old Agamemnons," as
Nelson called them, accompanied him when he transferred
his flag to the Captain, and were present at the battle off
Cape St. Vincent.
'In a history of the regiment, however brief, it can hardly
be out of place to quote Nelson's account of an episode which
does it so much honour.
Nelson, after describing how the Captain lay abreast of
the San Nicholas and the San Josef, writes :
" I directed Captain Miller to put the helm a-starboard,
and, calling for the boarders, ordered them to board.
" The soldiers of the 69th Regiment, with an alacrity which
will ever do them credit, and Lieutenant Pierson, of the
same regiment, were among the foremost in the service.
The first man who jumped into the mizen chains was Captain
Berry (late my first lieutenant). Captain Miller was in the
very act of doing so, but I directed him to remain ; he was
supported from our spritsail-yard, which hooked in San
Nicholas' mizen rigging A soldier of the G9th Regiment
having broken the upper quarter gal'ery window, jumped
in, followed by myself and others as fast as possible. I
411
found the cabin doors fastened, and the Spanish officers fired
their pistols at us through the windows, but, having burst
open the dcors, the soldiers fired, and the Spanish brigadier
(commodore with a distinguishing pendant) fell, as retreating,
to the quarter-deck, on the larboard side near the wheel.
Having passed on to the quarter-deck, I found Captain Berry
in possession of the poop, and the Spanish ensign hauling down.
I passed with my people and Lieutenant Pierson on the
larboard gangway to the forecastle, where I met two or
three Spanish officers, prisoners to my seamen, and they
delivered up their swords. At this moment a fire of pistols
or muskets opened from the Admiral's stern gallery in the
San Josef. I directed the soldiery to fire into her stern.
Our seamen, by this time, were in full possession of the ship ;
about seven of my men were killed and some few wounded,
and about 20 Spaniards.
" Having placed sentinels at the different ladders, and
calling to Captain Miller, ordering him to send more men into
the San Nicholas, I directed my brave fellows to board the
first-rate, the San Josef, which was done in an instant, Captain
Berry assisting me into the main chains. At this moment
a Spanish officer looked over the quarter-deck rail, and said
they surrendered ; from this most welcome intelligence
it was not long before I was on the quarter-deck, when the
Spanish captain, with a bended knee, presented me with his
sword, and told me the Admiral was dying of his wounds
below. I asked him, on his honour, if the ship were sur-
rendered ? He declared she was, on which I gave him my
hand, and desired him to call to his officers and ship's company,
and tell them of it, which he did, and on the quarter-deck
of a Spanish first-rate, extravagant as the story may seem,
did I receive the swords of the vanquished Spaniards, which,
as I received, I gave to William Fearney, one of my bargemen,
who put them with the greatest sangfroid under his arm.
412
One of my sailors now took me by the hand, saying he might
not soon have such another place to do it in, and assured
me he was most heartily glad to see me there. I was sur-
rounded by Captain Berry, Lieutenant Pierson (69th Regiment) ;
John Sykes, John Thompson, Francis Cook, and William
Fearney, all Old Agamemnons, and several other brave men,
soldiers and seamen.
" Thus fell their ships."*
In 1788 and 1789 the Great Duke of Wellington was serving
as a Lieutenant in the Grenadier Company of the 41st (the
1st Battalion).
The year 1799 saw the 1st Battalion on its way to America,
where it remained until the conclusion of the American War
of 1812, gaining meanwhile much glory, as the names " Detroit,"
" Queenstown," " Miami," " Niagara," on the colours bear
witness.
In 1815 the battalion returned to England, and anchored
off Spithead on 15th July ; but two days later it sailed for
Ostend, on its way to Paris, and remained in France until
the formation of the Army of Occupation, when it returned
to England in December of the same year.
The 2nd Battalion after fighting the Spaniards under Nelson,
saw service against the French in Holland, and then went to
Jamaica where it suffered severely from sickness.
In 1805 it proceeded to Madras with a detachment
of four companies at Vellore. The remainder of the
garrison of Vellore consisted of two regiments of native
troops. On 10th July, 1806, the native regiments mutinied ;
and it was only the heroic defence of the small garrison of
English soldiers, who were subsequently relieved by the
19th Dragoons, which averted a most serious disaster a
disaster which, in all probability, would have been felt through-
out the British rule in India.
* " Historical Events of 69th Kegiment," by W. P. Butler.
413
In 1810 the battalion assisted in the conquest of the Tele
of Bourbon, and in 1811 formed part of the expedition which
wrested the island of Java from the Dutch.
In 1815 it was present at Quatre Bras, and fought in the
celebrated Battle of Waterloo.
The battalion was afterwards employed in India, and took
part in the Mahratta War in 1817, being present at the
capture of the hill forts of Singhur and the storming of
Sholapur, besides numerous other engagements, returning to
England in 1825.
In 1831 it again embarked for the West Indies, proceeding
to Nova Scotia in 1839, and returning in England in 1842.
It proceeded to Malta in 1847, and in 1851 embarked for
the West Indies, being quartered at Barbadoes.
It was at this station, in 1852, that a severe epidemic of
yellow fever occurred. The battalion lost one officer and
39 men ; but Her Majesty's frigate Dauntless suffered still
more severely, losing 85 of her officers and crew.
A piece of plate presented by the Royal Navy and Marines
to the battalion on this occasion records the assistance ren-
dered to the sick as cheerfully as it was gratefully received.
In 1857 the battalion embarked for England, having lost
in less than six years in the West Indies five officers and
101 N.C.O. and men by yellow fever alone.
In the meantime the 1st Battalion had been sent to India
in 1822, and was quartered at Fort St. George, in Madras,
until the beginning of 1824, when it formed part of the
expedition which brought the Empire of Ava or Burmah, as
it is now called in subjection to the British power.
This war lasted until 24th February, 1826. It consisted
principally of a series of attacks on stockaded works. The
battalion conducted itself most gallantly, and more than
sustained the credit of British troops by the courage it dis-
played. Its losses during the campaign amounted to 7 officers
and 250 N.C.O. and men.
414
On the 25th February, 1831, His Majesty King William IV
was graciously pleased to approve of the battalion being
styled " The 41st, The Welsh Regiment," and to permit it to
bear on its colours and appointments " The Prince of Wales'
Plume," with the motto, " Gwell Angau na Chywilydd."
In 1843 the battalion returned to England, leaving 65
officers and 1,553 N.C.O. and men buried in Indian soil ;
having taken part in two campaigns the Burmese and the
Afghan, the latter under General Nott besides numerous
engagements with hill tribes.
During the 20 years the battalion had spent in the East,
it experienced, perhaps, a greater variety of climate, fighting,
and hardships than any other corps in Her Majesty's service.
Certainly, no other corps gained greater reputation for resolu-
tion and gallantry.
After one year's service in South Wales the battalion pro-
ceeded to Ireland in 1845, and remained there until 1851,
when it embarked for the Ionian Islands.
But " the piping times of peace " were not yet in store
for the battalion. On the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish
War in 1854 it received orders to form part of the Expe-
ditionary Force in aid of the Turks, and embarked on the
10th April of that year for Gallipoli, proceeding to Varna
in June, and to the Crimea in the following September.
On the 19th September the invading force first came in
contact with the Russians, and on the following day was
fought the battle of the Alma, in which victory the Welsh
Regiment, as part of the Second Division, bore its share.
After this followed the flank march on Balaklava and
the occupation of the heights commanding Sevastopol. It
was on the 5th November, 1855, that the enemy made their
most determined effort to raise the siege of Sevastopol. In
the early dawn, under the cover of a thick fog, masses of Russian
troops crept silently up the rugged sides of the Inkerman
415
valley. The Second Division, which bore the brunt of the
attack, was at first driven back. An eye witness writes :
"The Second Division in the centre of the line were hardly
pressed. The 41st Regiment, in particular, were exposed
to a terrible fire." At length, however, the Russians were
forced to retire, and victory remained for the Allied troops
but at what a cost ! The Welsh Regiment alone lost 11
officers and 151 N.C.O. and men killed or wounded.
It was not the good fortune of either battalion to again
see active service until the 2nd Battalion, in 1870, took part
in repulsing the Fenian Raid into Canada, in which one
company of the regiment under Captain Mansfield distinguished
itself a medal and clasp being subsequently awarded.
In Dece'mber, 1888, four companies of the 1st Battalion
were engaged in operations against the Dervishes near Suakim,
and were awarded a medal with clasp and Khedive's Star.
In 1892 the 2nd Battalion proceeded to India and was present
at the great Durbar held at Delhi in 1902. Although not
fortunate enough to proceed on active service as a unit, many
members of the regiment took part in various expeditions on
the Indian frontier.
On the outbreak of the Boer war in 1899 the 1st Battalion
sailed for the seat of war on 4th November, being at first
allotted to the duty of guarding the lines of communication
in Cape Colony. As the campaign developed it joined the
force under General French and took part in the operations
round Colesburg.
The Welsh Regiment was subsequently brigaded under
General Stephenson and formed part of the 6th Divison
commanded by General Kelly-Kenny. On the 13th February
the army started on the masterly operations by which Kim-
berley was relieved and General Cronje captured. Marching
hard and fast the Welshmen, with their comrades of the 6th
Division, followed closely on the heels of the cavalry and
416
seized the Klip Drift. Then moving on again General Cronje
was headed off, and being foiled in his effort to put the Modder
River between himself and his pursuers, he entrenched his
army among the cliffs and dongas on the river banks at Paarde-
berg and stood at bay. On the 18th February he was attacked
by the British army, when the Welsh Regiment, with the
other regiments of its brigade, did some splendid work. The
regiment charged across a plain which was swept by the fire
of the Boers and succeeded in pushing back the Boer defences
at a cost to itself of 6 officers and 72 N.C.O. and men killed
and wounded.
As a result of this action the Boers were driven into closer
compass and exposed to a tremendous fire of artillery, and
on the 27th their fortitude broke down and Cronje with over
4,000 Boers surrendered themselves as prisoners of war.
Advancing from Paardeberg, the army came to Driefontein,
where the Boers had taken up a strong position to bar any
further advance, and on the 10th March General Stephenson's
brigade was ordered to storm the heights, with the Welsh
Regiment leading the attack. Under a very heavy fire the
battalion climbed upwards coolly taking advantage of all
available cover but always advancing. As our men neared the
summit many of the Boers fled, but the Johannesburg Police
stood their ground, with the result that when the men of the
Welsh Regiment and their comrades drove them off at the
point of the bayonet, 120 of their number lay dead on
the field. The result of this action so impressed the Boers
that in no other action did they stay to face the British bayonets.
The loss of the regiment in this fight amounted to 7 officers
and 133 N.C.O. and men killed and wounded.
Marching onwards the regiment reached Bloemfontein
on the 14th March and so completed one of the most brilliant
feats of the British Army. The relief of Kimberley, the battle
of Paardeberg, the capture of Cronje, and his army, the fight
417
at Driefontein, ard the occupation of the Free State capital
changed within a month the whole aspect of the campaign.
On 22nd April the regiment was fighting at Leeuw Kop,
when, at the small cost of 2 officers and 8 N.C.O. and men,
it helped to carry the Boer position and forced them to raise
the siege of Wepener.
Before leaving Bloemfontein the Welsh Regiment joined
the llth Division under General Pole Carew and with it
advanced on Pretoria. Marching under a burning sun in
the daytime and bivouacking in the bitter cold of the night,
often with very scanty rations, nothing could exceed the
cheerful endurance of the men. Johannesburg was reached
and occupied after a fight, and then the regiment shared in
the capture of the ridge which formed the last defence of
Pretoria.
From Pretoria the Welsh Regiment moved out to follow the
Boers into their eastern fastnesses, fighting both at Diamond
Hill and Belfast. Step by step the Boers were pushed back
until Lydenberg was taken and President Kruger fled to
Europe. Then on again until Komatipoort was reached,
when the destruction of the Boer artillery and the flight of
General Pienaars and over 2,000 Boers into Portuguese territory
rewarded their efforts.
After nine months service in the Komati valley the regiment
suffered so severely from the fever which infested the district,
that it was moved to Johannesburg in May, 1901, and garrisoned
the town until March, 1902, when it proceeded to Rietfontein
to hold a line of blockhouses among the Magaliesberg mountains,
and so remained until the war was ended.
The militia and volunteers of the regiment performed good
work during this campaign. The 3rd Battalion volunteered
for active service and embarked for South Africa on 12th
February, 1900. It was employed in guarding the long lines
of communication, as well as in the dangerous work of escorting
418
convoys of supplies throughout the country, frequent!}' having
brushes with the enemy, to whom thtw-e convoys were a great
temptation. The volunteer service companies also performed
equally good service, fighting and marching with their Regular
comrades, as well as manning blockhouses and guarding rail-
way lines.
Both militia and volunteers fully established their right
to share in the honourable record of the Welsh Regiment, by the
soldierlike spirit in which they accepted the hardships and
dangers of active service.
The total losses of the regiment during the campaign
amounted to 10 officers, 177 N.C.O. and men killed or died
of wounds, disease, &c., and 12 officers, 187 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
The following is a list of soldiers ol the Welsh Regiment
who have won special distinctions for acts of courage on the
field of battle.
The Victoria Cross.
In the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Brevet-Major H.
Rowland and Sergeant-Major A. Madden, for gallant conduct
at the battle of Inkerman, and the sortie of 26th October,
1854, respectively.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant J. Helier ; Cor-
porals W. Burghall, P. Hurley, D. Jones, H. Targett ; Privates
W. Bryant, J. Creighton, C. Homer, J. Jones, F. Lynch,
F. Mackey, J. Sheehey, W. Tilley, R. Welsman, T. Williams.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major J. A.
Bryant ; Colour-Sergeants F. Carter, B. Evans, R. M. Hill,
F. H. Shannon, W. Williams, J. Fidler, R. Foster, A. Jenkins ;
Sergeants A. Dredge, J. Richards, G. Culberson, J. Gilmore ;
Corporal F. Thomas ; Private P. McCarthy.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE BLACK WATCH
(ROYAL HIGHLANDERS).
REGIMENTAL DISTRICT No. 42.
Comprising the Counties of Fife, Forfar, and Perth.
BADGES.
The Royal Cypher within the Garter. The Badge and Motto of the Order of the Thistle.
In each of the four corners the Royal Cypher, ensigned with the Imperial Crown.
BATTLE HONOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
"MYSORE," " MANGALORE," "SERINGAPATAM," "CORUNNA," " FUENTES D'ONOR,"
" PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "NIVE," " ORTHES," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA,"
"WATERLOO," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1846-47, 1851-2-3," "ALMA," "SEVASTOPOL,"
" LCCKNOW," " ASHANTEE," " EGYPT, 1882-84," " TEL-EL-KEBIR," " NILE, 1884-85,"
" KIRBEKAN," "SOUTH AFRICA, 189&-1902," "PAARDEBERG."
JNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS BLUE. TARTAN THE BLACK WATCH.
Headquarters QUEEN'S BARRACKS, PERTH.
MILITIA.
Jrd Battalion (Royal Perth Militia) . .
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
let..
2nd
Jrd
Dundee.
Arbroath.
Dundee.
4th
5th
. . Perth.
. . Sir 11 a m.
St. Andrews.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJKSTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE E C or
OLIVF.R AND I5OYD, EDINBURGH: or
E. PONSONBY, 110, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
421
THE
(ROYAL HIGHLANDERS).
THE history of the renowned Black Watch, " Scotland's oldest
and favourite Highland Corps," is well known in every mansion
and cottage throughout broad Scotland ; indeed, it is an
established fact that the best blood of the country has been
shed in the ranks of the Royal Highlanders, and in many a
residence, more particularly north of the Tay, traditions
exist of brave deeds done by ancestors while serving under the
banners of the 42nd, traditions which are carefully preserved and
cherished.
Originally formed from the Independent Companies raised
in the year 1729 to keep the King's peace among the Highland
Hills, the Black Watch, so called from the dark hue of its tartan,
paraded in the year 1740 for the first time as a regiment of the
British Army in a field between Taybridge and Aberfeldy, and
was numbered 43, afterwards changed to 42. A noble cairn
is now erected in the field to commemorate this interesting
event.
Five years afterwards, the 42nd received its " baptism of
fire " at the battle of Fontenoy. Much speculation existed
at that time as to how the Highlanders would behave under
fire, but this was speedily decided by the impetuous attack
made by the Black Watch on the foe, and a French writer
states, " The British behaved well, and could be exceeded in
ardour by none but our officers, when the Highland furies
rushed in upon us with more violence than ever did sea
driven by tempest."
The war against the French in America, which commenced
in 1756, called the Black Watch, or Lord John Murray's
Highlanders, again to active service, and for several years
the regiment fought nobly in all the numerous engagements
that took place, notably, Louisbourg, Ticonderago,
Crown Point, surrender of Montreal, &c. So conspicuous
was the valour of the 42nd at Ticonderago, where the regiment
lost 25 officers, 19 sergeants and 603 rank and file in
killed and wounded, that it became the topic of
422
4
universal panegyric in Great Britain, the public prints teemed
with honourable testimony to its bravery, and the King was
pleased to confer the title of " Royal " on the regiment, so that
it was afterwards known as the 42nd Royal Highland Regi-
ment.
In after years the 42nd took part in the capture of the West
Indies, and in the American revolutionary war, where, in spite
of the heavy bribes offered to the British Army by the enemy,
not a single man of the Black Watch could be induced to desert
his colours.
A second battalion was raised in 1780, and commenced its
fighting career in India. Mysore and Mangalore testified to
its bravery, and it covered itself with immortal glory at the
siege and assault of Seringapatam. In 1786, the 2nd Battalion
was made a separate regiment, numbered 73, and styled the
Perthshire Regiment, and gallantly upheld its name in the
African Wars of 1846-7 and 1851-2-3.
The 73rd was once nearly totally lost by shipwreck on the
coast of Africa, and it was only by its unswerving obedience
to orders that the catastrophe was averted.
When the Birkenhead went down, 2 officers and 53 men of
the 73rd perished. The tale of the loss of the Birkenhead,
and the firmness with which those on board met their death,
forms a proud episode in the history of the British Army.
After a lapse of nearly a century, the 73rd was again united
to the Black Watch, forming, as it had originally done, the
2nd Battalion, the honours gained by it being enrolled on the
colours of both battalions.
In 1794-5 the Black Watch took a full share of the campaign
in Flanders, where it gained the " Red Hackle " now worn in
the feather bonnet.
The Egyptian Campaign of 1800-1 also called the Royal
Highlanders to the front ; the landing at Aboukir and battle
of Alexandria testified that the same sterling fighting powers
which had animated their ancestors still existed in the Royal
Highlanders, and when the Commander-in-Chief, Sir Ralph
Abercromby, called upon the 42nd at the battle last named
for a special effort at the crisis of the fight, by saying, " My
brave Highlanders, remember your forefathers, remember your
country ! " victory immediately ensued.
Again, at the hard-fought battle of Corunna, when Sir John
Moore, in the thick of the fight, before falling mortally wounded,
exclaimed, " Highlanders, remember Egypt ! " the foe was
scattered in all directions.
Space will not permit the enumeration of all the battles and
423
sieges in which the 42nd participated in the Peninsula. Fuentes
d'Onor, Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, and Toulouse, confirmed the
glorious name already obtained. In the battle of Toulouse
alone, the Royal Highlanders had 25 officers, 17 sergeants, and
279 men killed and wounded, but not before the French Army
was driven back into the city.
The three days' fighting at Quatre Bras and Waterloo
inflicted a loss on the regiment of 298 officers and men. " They
fought like heroes, and like heroes they fell an honour to their
country." The Duke of Wellington, in his public despatch,
mentioned the 42nd (only four were named) as one of the regi-
ments that particularly distinguished itself.
From 1815 to 1854, peace being almost universal, the Royal
Highlanders were not engaged on active service, but on the
breaking out of the Crimean War, the 42nd took the field,
and was the senior regiment of Sir Colin Campbell's famous
Highland Brigade. At the battle of Alma the fact was elicited
that the officers and men then comprising the regiment, when
they rushed up the " Heights of Alma," carrying victory with
them, were in no whit inferior to their predecessors in the Black
Watch. The 42nd bore its share of the hard and tedious work
of the Crimean Campaign. It was with the expedition to
Kertch and Yenikale, and at the assaults of 18th June and 8th
September, 1855, on Sevastopol, on which later date the town
fell.
This war was over for a short time only when the Indian
Mutiny called the Black Watch to India. In the arduous
struggle that followed the 42nd had a full and ample share of
fighting under their old chief, Sir Colin Campbell (afterwards
Lord Clyde) the battle of Cawnpore, siege and capture of
Lucknow, battle of Bareilly and many other minor engage-
ments, fought under the burning sun on the plains of India,
put the endurance of hardship to the fullest test. In no case
was the Black Watch found wanting, victory as of yoro crowned
every effort, and " Lucknow " was added to the honours on
the colours.
It may be here mentioned that a beautiful piece of sculpture,
commemorating the memory of those who fell in war from the
creation of the regiment to the close of the Indian Mutiny, now
adorns the vestibule of Dunkeld Cathedral. On the slab under-
neath the sculpture the following is inserted :
" Here, 'mong the hills that nursed each hardy Gael,
Our votive marble tells the soldier's tale,
Art's magic power each perished friend recnlls.
And heroes haunt these old Cathedral -wall?."
2 B
424
The Ashantee War next demanded the services of the 42nd.
In this short, but arduous campaign, the " Black Watch "
took the most conspicuous part. In the dense jungle in which
Amoaful was fought, the cool and intrepid behaviour of the
regiment under a heavy fire drew forth the unqualified appro-
bation of Sir Garnet Wolseley ; the defeat of the enemy, the
capture and burning of Coomassie, the return march to the
coast, under heavy rains, through swollen rivers, dense forests,
and in a deadly climate, added another well-won laurel to the
Royal Highlanders.
In 1882, the Egyptian War commenced, and the Royal
Highlanders, forming part of the Highland Brigade, stormed
the entrenchments of Tel-el-Kebir. General Hamley states :
' The assault began at five minutes to five, the station was
captured at half past six, and at seven the whole brigade
was again in order. Thus, in that interval of time, the
Highland Brigade had broken under a tremendous fire into
the middle of the enemy's intrenchments, had maintained
itself there in an arduous and dubious conflict for 20 minutes,
had then captured two miles of works and batteries, piercing
the enemy's centre, and loosening their whole system of
defence, and had finished by taking the camp and the railway
trains, and again assembling, ready for any further enterprise."
The words" Egypt, 1882-84," and "Tel-el-Kebir," were, by
Royal permission, added to the honours of the Black Watch.
Next came the fighting near Suakin, the engagements oi
El Teb and Tamai followed in quick succession, and such was
the conduct of the Black Watch during these actions that
Lord Wolseley sent the following telegram : " Well done, old
comrades of the Black Watch."
In September, 1884, the 1st Battalion proceeded up the Nile
and formed part of the River Column, taking part in the battle
of Kirbekan. On the evacuation of the Soudan, the battalion
returned to Cairo, where they were met by Lord Wolseley, who
telegraphed home to the Commander-in-Chief : " Black Watch
has arrived in splendid condition and looking the picture oj
military efficiency."
The 2nd Battalion left for South Africa on the 22nd October,
1899, and formed part of the famous Highland Brigade, under
General Wauchope. On the night of Sunday, 10th December,
1899, the brigade was ordered to attack the Boer position at
Magersfontein, where the Boer General Cronje and his army
had been busily entrenching themselves for weeks.
With the Black Watch leading, the brigade advanced amid
impenetrable darkness, until suddenly from a short distance in
425
front of them burst out a deadly blaze of musketry, which in
a few minutes killed and wounded no less than 600 gallant
Highlanders, including their brave general.
The few survivors of A, B, and C Companies of the Black
Watch held their position all day in front of the Boer trenches,
and did not retire until the evening, when only six remained
unhurt. The remaining men of the other companies made a
desperate attempt to turn the Boer flank, but the position had
been too well prepared, and when night fell a second time
Lord Methuen drew off his troops. Seldom have troops had a
more terrible experience than fell to the lot of the regiment on
this occasion, and in all their long experience of war only at
Ticonderago had they met with greater loss. 19 officers and
over 300 N.C.O. and men were killed and wounded by the end
of the day. It speaks volumes for the spirit which has always
animated this distinguished corps to find that, notwithstanding
the nerve -shattering blow it had received at Magersfontein, it
was fighting again on the 6th February at Koodoesberg, and
on the 18th, after a march of 30 miles it dashed across a level
plain swept by the Boer fire, with all its old fire and spirit, to
reach Cronje's trenches at Paardeberg. There were over 90
casualties, but on the 27th February they had their revenge
in witnessing the surrender of Cronje and over 4,000 Boers as
prisoners of war.
Space does not permit the enumeration in detail of the many
minor actions in which the corps was subsequently engaged.
It marched with the army to Bloemfontein, being present at
the fighting on the way at Poplar's Grove and Driefontein.
In the action at Babionsberg it W9S specially praised by Lord
Roberts. In the Orange River Colony operations it saw
fighting at Rhenoster River, Retief's Nek, Wittebergen and
Witpoort, and with the 1st Battalion, which had arrived from
India, put in much hard marching and skirmishing in the drives
which formed the chief features of the later stages of the war.
The total casualties of the regiment amounted to 12 officer?
and 174 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of wounds,
disease, &c ; 17 officers, 349 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The detachments furnished for the campaign by the militia
and volunteers of the regiment, and which were attached to the
2nd Battalion, shared the perils and privations of their regular
comrades with a spirit that was in every way worthy of the
traditions of the regiment.
The following list of distinctions gained by individuals of the
regiment for acts of courage on the field of battle, goes far to
426
explain how the Black Watch has built up its glorious reput
tion :
The Victoria Cross.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Lieutenant F. E. H. Farquharso
for conspicuous bravery at Lucknow on 9th March, 185-
Colour-Sergeant W. Gardener for gallant conduct at Bareil
on the 5th May, 1858, when he saved the life of Lieutenar.
Colonel Alex. Cameron, his Commanding Officer; Quarte
master Sergeant J. Simpson ; Lance-Corporal A. Thomsoi
Privates J. Davis and E. Spence, for daring gallantry at Fc
Rooyah on the 15th April, 1858. Privates W. Cook and !
Miller, for most conspicuous courage at Sisseya Ghat on 15
January, 1859.
Ashanti Campaign, 1874. Lance-Sergeant S. McGaw, f
gallant conduct at the battle of Amoaful, 31st January, 187
Soudan Campaign, 1884. Private T. Edwards, for gallant
at Tamai on the 13th March, 1884.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant P. Whiti
Corporals J. Mumford, J. McClelland, W. Petrie, J. Pattersoi
Privates J. Miller, J. Grant, R. Holmes, A. Bowie, J. Hartle
C. Christison, W. Kerr, D. Haddow, D. Logg, D. Hislop.
Ashanti War, 1874. Sergeant-Major J. Barclay ; Sergean
Instructor of Musketry W. Street ; Sergeant H. Bart<
Privates G. Cameron, H. Jones, W. Nicoll, J. White, W. Be
G. Ritchie, T. Adams ; Piper J. Wetherspoon.
Soudan Campaign, 1884. Sergeants J. Sutherland, W. B. '
Davidson (now Lieutenant and Quarter-master) ; Private ]
Shires ; Drummer H. Mumford.
Soudan Campaign, 1885. Colour-Sergeants J. Tweedi
J. Connan, D. Morrison ; Sergeant T. Watt ; Privates
Henderson, F. West (now Sergeant), F. Baldwin.
Expedition to Borga, 1899. Colour-Sergeant J. McKenz
(now Lieutenant).
West Africa, 1900. Sergeant F. West, granted bar to rned*
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major J. ,
Anderson ; Colour-Sergeant A. Millar ; Pioneer Sergeant '
Howden ; Sergeants H. Harrison, J. Baxter, A. Wilson ; Lane
Sergeant G. Gaynor ; Lance-Corporals W. Forrett, R. ]
Forrester (now Lieutenant) ; Privates R. McGregor, ]
Ormonde, J. Smith ; Pioneer J. Hastie ; Piper D. Cameron.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
Oxfordshire Light Infantry,
HIS MAJESTY CHARLES I, KING OF PJRTUGAl AW AIGARVES, K,G,
BADGE.
The United Bed anil White Eose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" QUEBEC, 1759," "MYSORE," " HINDOOSTAN," "VIMIERA," " CORUNNA," " BUSACO,"
" FCENTES D'ONOR," " CIUDAD RODKIGO," "BADAJOZ," " SALAMAKCA,"
"VlTTORIA," " NlVELLE," " NlVE," " ORTHE8," " TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA,"
"WATERLOO," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1851-2-3," "DELHI," "NEW ZEALAND,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02," "BELIEF OF KIMBERLET," " PAARDEBERQ."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters- OXFOED,
MILITIA :
3r,l Battalion (Eoyal Bucks Militia)
4th Battalion (Oxford Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
1st
2nd
Oxford.
Oxford.
1st Bucks
2nd Bucks
High Wycombe.
Oxford.
Of. Mar low.
'Eton.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANK,
PRINTERS (N ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WVMAN AVI) SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OMV/.ll AND l!i I VI), EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSoxny, 110, GHAITON STKEET, DUBLIN.
429
THE OXFORDSHIRE LIGHT INFANTRY.
THE corps, which under the territorial system of recruiting is
maintained by Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire, is formed of
two line battalions, together with the militia and volunteers of
the two counties. The 1st and 2nd Battalions, which are part
of His Majesty's Regular Army, were before 1881 known
respectively as the 43rd and 52nd Regiments of Light Infantry.
The latter has for over 120 years been associated with the
county of Oxfordshire, while the fact that circumstances
brought the 43rd and 52nd into close comradeship during some
of our greatest campaigns, makes it peculiarly fitting that they
should now be part of the same regiment.
Both the 43rd and 52nd possessed a high reputation for
gallantry and smartness, and now that the honours of each have
become the honours of the Oxfordshire Light Infantry, that
regiment is justly regarded as one of the most distinguished in
the army. That it has maintained its reputation is proved by
the appointment, in 1901, of His Majesty the King of Portugal
to be its Colonel-in-Chief.
The 43rd Regiment was raised in 1741, and the 52nd Regi-
ment in 1755. The first service of national importance that
the 43rd was called upon to undertake was the capture of
Quebec, in 1759.
From 1761 to 1763, the 43rd served with distinction in the
West Indies, and took part in the several expeditions which
resulted in the capture of many of the islands from the French
and Spaniards. From 1774 to 1782, both the 43rd and 52nd
were engaged in the American War of Independence, and at
the battle of Bunker's Hill learned to appreciate each other's
worth. Shoulder to shoulder they climbed that fatal hill,
achieving victory only by a tremendous sacrifice of officers
and men.
430
In 1783 the 52nd proceeded to India, and for 15 eventful
years remained in that country. Among other services, which
are commemorated by the word " Hindoostan " on its colours,
it was engaged in the campaigns which Lord Cornwallis was
forced to undertake against the notorious Tippoo Sahib, Sultan
of Mysore. The campaigns in Mysore were rendered arduous
and trying in the extreme, both by the difficult nature of the
country and by the fact that Tippoo Sahib, with ruthless com-
pleteness, laid waste his territory in order that the invading
forces should find no food. The perseverance and valour,
however, of the British soldiers overcame the fortresses of
Tippoo, who was gradually driven back to his last stronghold,
Seringapatam, where he was forced to make reparation. At
Cannanore the 52nd furnished the storming party, while
previous to the assault a private of the regiment reconnoitred
the approach to the fortress with successful daring. At Saven-
droog, a hill fortress of great strength, the band of the regiment
played the stormers to the breach, while at Coimbatore, Banga-
lore and Palagatcherry, the men of the 52nd were equally
distinguished and successful. During the latter years of its
Indian service the regiment assisted at the capture of Pondi-
cherry from the French, and Ceylon from the Dutch.
Meanwhile, the 43rd had sailed again for the West Indies,
and from 1794 to 1797 was engaged in expeditions against the
French possessions. In 1800, the 52nd (now consisting of two
battalions) took part in the expedition to Ferrol, on the coast
of Spain, after which both regiments were brigaded at Shorn-
cliffe with the 95th Regiment, now the Rifle Brigade. These
corps were then placed under the command of Sir John Moore,
one of the finest soldiers of the time, to undergo that thorough
training which produced in the 43rd, 52nd, and 95th Rifles
what has been described as " a perfect system of drill and dis-
cipline." In 1803, while this training was in progress, the 43rd
and 52nd were both made light infantry the first officially
recognised light infantry regiments of the British Army and a
few years later, when the Peninsular War broke out, they and
their comrades of the 95th Rifles formed the famous Light
Division, of which the historian of the war subsequently wrote :
" They were never negligent, never dismayed. Six years of
warfare could not detect a flaw in their system, nor were they
ever matched in courage or skill. Those three regiments were
avowedly the best that England ever had under arms."
From 18U4 to 1817, the 43rd had two battalions, and from
1799 to 1816 (with the exception of a few months in 1804) the
431
52nd also had two battalions. In 1807, the 1st Battalion 43rd
and the 2nd Battalion 52nd took part in the expedition against
Denmark, being present at Kioge and at the capitulation of
Copenhagen, when the Danes surrendered their fleet of 03 ships,
all their stores, and some 2,500 heavy guns.
In 1808 commenced that long period of warfare against the
French in Portugal and Spain, which gave the 43rd and 52nd
the opportunity of proving the value of Sir John Moore's careful
training. The two regiments fought side by side at the battle
of Vimiera, and later in the year each regiment had two batta-
lions with Sir John Moore's army during his Corunna Campaign,
which unhappily culminated in the death of the great general
the colonel of the 52nd.*
Ordered, in 1809, to reinforce the British Army under Welling-
ton, then fighting at Talavera, the 43rd and 52nd, with their
comrades of Craufurd's Light Brigade (shortly to be formed
into the Light Division), gave a splendid example of their quali-
ties as soldiers by marching in 26 hours a distance of 62 miles
in the hottest season of the year, each man carrying from 50
to 60 pounds weight upon his shoulders. From that time the
Light Division became the eyes of the Peninsular Army, and was
ever foremost in the field. By night it furnished the outposts ;
by day it skirmished ahead ; on all occasions it was the first to
come in touch with the enemy, and though it had the reputation
of being composed of the finest light troops in Europe, it was
so highly trained and disciplined as to be able to take its place
with the other divisions of the army in the storming of a fortress
breach.
In the campaign of 1810, Craufurd engaged the French in
vastly superior numbers, near Almeida, and a sanguinary rear-
guard action was fought while covering the retirement of the
division across the Coa. The British casualties were heavy,
but the object was attained, and though the French made gal-
lant efforts to follow up the retiring troops, the latter, taking
up a strong position, kept up such a hail of bullets on the bridge
that the attempt to force the passage was hopeless, and the
enemy withdrew. Lord Wellington, who praised but sparingly,
said of the regiments of the Light Division : " Throughout this
trying day all the officers and soldiers of these excellent regi-
ments distinguished themselves." At Busaco, a few months
* The blade of the sword worn by Sir John Moore at CoruMia now
hangs in the m?ss-room of the officers of the 1st Oxfordshire Light
Infantry.
.
said Wellington, in his despatch
I the hill, and
by Brigadier-
: 1, and rnentK,
and driven back v
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: de
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.
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the approacli of tlie enemy's column, but when it was sufficiently
near they sprang up and poured a deadly fire into it. At the
same time, the 52nd, with its well-known precision, wheeled
round in such a manner as to enable it to pour a flanking fire
into the French as they passed by, at so short a distance that
every shot told. The effect of this magnificent manoeuvre was
instantaneous. The French column recoiled, and then broke
and fled, the 52nd and the English guards hotly pursuing, and
the battle was won.
The 52nd, and the other two regiments of General Adam's
Light Brigade, had the honour of being the only British troops
that entered Paris after Waterloo, being encamped from July
to November, 1815, in the Champs Elysees, while the rest of
the army remained in the Bois de Boulogne. In 1827 the 43rd
proceeded from Gibraltar to Lisbon, with Sir Henry Clinton's
force, in answer to an appeal from Portugal against a threatened
attack by Spain, and, 10 years later, when quartered in Canada,
it made the astounding winter march, across the Portage of the
Madawaska, of 370 miles in 18 days, with the thermometer
varying from 20 to 30 below zero.
The 43rd next saw service in South Africa, being engaged in
the Kaffir War, 1851-53, and enduring many hardships. While
there, it received drafts from home, and one of these was on
board the Birkenhead when wrecked off the Cape of Good Hope
in February, 1852. On this memorable occasion, the men fell in
on deck as if at an ordinary parade, and with noble self-devotion,
refused to leave the ship until all the women and children had
been taken off in the boats. Of the 700 on board, nearly 500
officers and men were drowned, and as a splendid lesson in dis-
cipline to his army, the King of Prussia ordered the heroic
account of the wreck of the Birkenhead to be read on parade to
each regiment in his service.
From South Africa the 43rd went to India, whither a few
months earlier the 52nd had also proceeded, and during the
Mutiny (1857-58) both regiments were continuously engaged
with the rebels. The 43rd made a record march of 1,300 miles
through Central India in the hottest month of the year, clearing
the districts of mutineers, and securing at Banda and Kirwee
loot to the the value of nearly a million of money, while the
52nd had opportunities for distinction, of which it was not slow
to avail itself. The centre and headquarters of the rebellion
were at Delhi, and it was absolutely necessary that the terrible
outbreak should be grappled with at that place, although the
force at the disposal of the British Government was most
435
inadequate for the purpose. A few thousand men, among whom
was the 52nd, were hastily got together, and the siege of Delhi
was commenced. So long as the issue of the struggle was
uncertain, many who would otherwise have joined the rebels
still held back, and knowing this, the gallant little army stuck
resolutely for three weary months before the walls of Delhi,
although cholera and the intense heat of the Indian summer
added enormous difficulties to the task. When, however, fresh
troops had arrived in India, the city was assaulted and taken.
At the storming of the Cashmere Gate the 52nd displayed its
highest fighting qualities, Bugler Hawthorn receiving the
Victoria Cross for a daring act of gallantry, and in the subse-
quent despatches the General wrote : " More especially, the
52nd Light Infantry, who led the column from first to last, and
who, I consider, fully maintained its high reputation."
A short period of rest and the 43rd was again on active service.
The Maori rebellion had come to a head, and, to suppress it,
reinforcements were despatched to New Zealand, the 43rd
sailing from Calcutta in September, 1863. The campaign that
followed was trying in the extreme, and though the engagements
with the enemy were few, the casualties were severe. At the
assault of the Gate Pa, the colonel and six officers of the regi-
ment were killed, and many officers and men were wounded.
At Te Ranga also the Maories resisted fiercely, and Captain
Smith, of the 43rd, gained the Victoria Cross for his gallant
conduct.
On the 3rd June, 1873, a detachment of the 43rd,
stationed at Malliapoorum, Southern India, was engaged against
a band of Moplah fanatics. Captain Vesey, who was in com-
mand, and Lieutenant Williamson, received the thanks of the
Government of Madras " for the energy and promptitude with
wliich they acted on the emergency, and so completely quelled
the disturbance on the first day of its existence."
In 1881 the 43rd and 52nd were united under the title of the
Oxfordshire Light Infantry.
In December, 1884, a detachment of the 1st Battalion, under
Captain C. J. Curtis, was again employed in the suppression of
a Moplah disturbance in Southern India. In an order pub-
lished 2nd February, 1885, the Government of India praised all
officers and men concerned, especially Private Lewis Barratt,
who was afterwards given a medal for distinguished conduct.
In 1885-86, 30 men of the 2nd Battalion, under Lieutenant
F. W. M. D. Scott, formed part of a mounted infantry company
in the Nile Expedition, and was present at the action of Ginniss.
436
Tn 1890 " F " Company of the 2nd Battalion, then quartered
in Burma, provided an escort to the Siamese Boundary Com-
mission, covering 650 miles in 64 marches, and in 1891 " D "
and " G " Companies formed part of a column operating in the
Wuntho District in Upper Burmah. The objects of both these
expeditions were successfully gained.
In 1897, the 2nd Battalion, then quartered in India, formed
part of the force operating in the Mohmand Country in the
North- West Frontier Campaign, when it took part in a success-
ful action at Koda-Khel on September 27th. On the con-
clusion of this expedition the Battalion was immediately placed
in the Peshawar Column of the Tirah Expeditionary Foice.
On the 30th December, 18'J7, it was engaged in a sharp rear-
guard action between Ali Musjid and Lundi Kotal in the Khyber
Pass, when 3 men were killed and 3 officers and 11 men wounded.
The following is an extract from the letter of an officer of the
regiment who took part in this fight :
" A large proportion of the men who had this bit of fighting
came out with the last draft, and had not been a month in India.
They were as steady and as plucky as if they had been war-
worn veterans of a dozen campaigns, and personally I never
wish to fight by the side of anything better than these Oxford-
shire recruits."
The 1st Battalion proceeded to South Africa with the 6th
Division in December, 1899, and remained on active service
until the close of the war in 1902. It took part in Lord
Roberts's invasion of the Orange Free State in the early months
of 1900, particularly distinguishing itself at Klip Drift and at
the battle of Paardeberg ; was present at the surrender of the
Boer forces under General Cronje, at Poplar Grove, and the
occupation of Bloemfontein. During the remainder of the year,
the battalion was continuously engaged in the Orange River
Colony and the Transvaal, in the pursuit of De Wet, and
marched upwards of 700 miles, while its mounted infantry com-
pany did excellent service with the mounted troops, notably at
the engagement at Bothaville in November. The years 1901
and 1902 were occupied in the pursuit of the Boers in the Orange
River Colony, in the numerous great " drives," and in manning
the blockhouse lines until peace was proclaimed.
During this war some 400 militia reservists served with the
battalion at different times, and a volunteer company, recruited
from the territorial volunteer battalions, was also present with
the battalion during 1900 and 1901.
The following is a list of officers and men of the regiment who
437
have won the Victoria Cross or the medal foi distinguished
conduct in the field :
Awarded Victoria Crosses.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-58 Private H. Addison. On the
2nd January, 1859, a portion of General Whitlock's force was
engaged with the rebels near Kurrereah, the Political Officer
attached to the force was struck down and beset by a host of
foes. Private Addison came to his assistance and kept the
enemy at bay till more men came up. Addison in the contest
received two dangerous wounds and lost a leg.
Bugler R. Hawthorn. Accompanied a party of sappers and
miners who performed the dangerous and desperate duty of
bio wing up the Cashmere Gate in the fortress of Delhi, under a
heavy and destructive fire of musketry, on the 14th September,
1857. and bravely performed the dangerous duty on which he
was employed. He had previously attached himself to an
officer of the Engineers, when dangerously wounded, bound up
his wounds under a heavy fire, and had him removed without
further injury.
Lance-Corporal H. Smith. Gallantly carried away a wounded
comrade under a heavy fire of grape and musketry in the Chand-
nee Choke of the City of Delhi, on the morning of the assault,
the 14th September, 1857.
New Zealand War, 1864. Captain F. A. Smith. Was the
first to enter into the right of the rifle pits, and his gallant
conduct was very conspicuous at the engagement of Te Ranga
on the 21st June, 1864.
Awarded Distinguished Conduct Medals.
New Zealand War, 1864. Colour-Sergeant W. B. Garland.
Distinguished service at the assault of the Gate Pa.
Suppression of Moplah fanatics, Madras Presidency, 1882.
Private L. Barratt.
Operations, North-West Frontier of India, 1897-98. Dis-
tinguished service during the operations. Sergeant-Major
H. Dempsey ; Sergeant W. J. Smith ; Corporal C. Hunt ;
Lance-Corporal J. Panting ; Bugler E. Crowhurst.
438
South Africa, 1899-1902. Distinguished service during the
war. Colour-Sergeant W. King ; Pioneer-Sergeant G. Beer ;
Sergeants J. Cripps, G. Olney, J. Wixon, ; Corporals G. Burke,
J. Fowler, J. Ilett, J Fowles, F. James ; Lance-Corporals
C. A. Bradbrook, H. Smith, A. Sykes ; Privates A. Anderson,
D. Satchell.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE ESSEX REGIMENT,
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS,
The Castle and Key, superscribed " GIBRALTAR," and with the motto " Montis Insignia
Calpe " underneath.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT." An Eagle.
"Mono," "BADAJOZ," "SALAMANCA," " PENINSULA," " BLADENSBCRG," "WATERLOO,"
" AVA," "ALMA," "INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," " TAKU FORTS," "NILE, 1884-5,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " BELIEF OF KIMBERLET," " PAARDEBERO."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters WARLEY,
MILITIA:
3rd Battalion (Essex (Rifles) Militia) Warley.
4th Battalion (West Essex Militia) . . Warley.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
1st . . . . . . Brentiuood.
2nd Colchester.
3rd . . . . . . West Ham.
4th Leyton.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY Omc,
BY HAR1USON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
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OLIVER AND BO YD, EDINBCROH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DCBLIW.
441
THE ESSEX REGIMENT.
THE Essex Regiment is formed of two line battalions ; the
first, the old 44th, known in the Peninsula as the " Little
Fighting Fours," which was raised in 1741, and the 56th,
formerly known from the colour of their facings as the " Pom-
padours," which was raised in 1745. Both battalions have,
therefore, a record extending for over 150 years, and united,
as they are now, present a history which embraces most of the
stirring conflicts by which the power of this great Empire has
been asserted and extended during that period.
Only a few years after its formation the 1st battalion was
sent to North America, where the conflict had commenced
which resulted in the sovereignty of the great province of
Canada being transferred from the French to the English nation.
The first experience, however, of the regiment was in a great
disaster which befel the British arms. Under General Brad-
dock, the British force had advanced against Fort du Quesne,
2 v 2
442
a stronghold of the French. General Braddock had been
trained in the old-fashioned manosuvres in vogue in Europe,
and although warned that such methods were useless in the
forests of America, and against the subtle Red Indians, refused
to alter the tactics which had so often been successful against
civilised foes. Without pushing scouts ahead he advanced
his force in close formation into the winding, narrow forest
paths. At a moment and a place where to open out was im-
possible, suddenly from every tree-top, bush and rock, a close
and deadly fire was opened upon the British force. Immediately
all was confusion, and the shouts of the officers as they strove
to rally their men were drowned by the hideous war-cry of the
Red Indians. The unfortunate General Braddock, brave as a
lion, exposed himself freely in his desperate efforts to restore
order to his shattered force, but was mortally wounded, and
had it not been for the exertions of a young American Colonel
few could have escaped. This officer, who conducted the
retreat of the survivors of General Braddock's army, was after-
wards the celebrated General Washington. The French, how-
ever, were not allowed to profit by this success, for only a few
years elapsed ere the power of France fell before the valour of
Wolfe and his soldiers at Quebec.
In 1762, the 2nd Battalion, then only newly raised, gave
an earnest of its future fame by its gallantry at the capture
o c Havannah, in the West Indies, one of the richest prizes
ever captured, but which was afterwards restored to Spain
in exchange for the province of Florida in North America.
Then followed the War of Independence in America, with
its perils, privations, victories, and disasters, in all of which
the Essex Regiment bore its part with its usual gallantry and
fortitude.
The long siege of Gibraltar from 1779-83 gave a brighter
page to the history of the regiment. The forces of France
and Spain were united in a desperate effort to wrest from
443
the British the possession of the coveted Rock of Gibraltar,
and month after month in unwearied effort from the batteries
on the land side, as well as from ships of war in the harbour,
an unceasing storm of fire was poured upon the Rock. Under
the stout Sir George Eliot, afterwards Lord Heathfield, the
British garrison nobly held out, and from time to time a
British fleet managed to bring fresh supplies of food and
ammunition to it. The efforts of the besiegers culminated
on the morning of the 13th September, 1782, when the surround-
ing Spanish hills were thronged by the royalty and nobility of
France and Spain, to witness the final overthrow of that stubborn
British garrison. From the huge land batteries, and from the
floating batteries, which had been invented for the purpose,
there burst on the garrison a tempest of shot hitherto unpar-
alleled in the annals of the siege. The vigilance, however, of
Lord Heathfield and his soldiers had early discovered the pre-
parations for this great attack, and no effort had been spared
to make a suitable reply, and consequently the British were
enabled almost to return shot for shot.
Especially effective was the red-hot shot of the garrison,
for before the close of the day, the huge floating batteries of
the enemy were reduced to burning wrecks, and the next
morning found the flag of England still flying triumphantly
in Gibraltar, and the enemy, shattered and disorganised,
subsequently withdrew. On the colours of the Essex Regiment
a " Castle and Key," with the word " Gibraltar," and the
motto, " Montis Insignia Calpe," still commemorate the noble
part borne by this regiment in this glorious siege.
In 1794, when the newly-made Republic of France turned
its arms against this country, part of the regiment was employed
in reducing the French West Indian Islands, while the remainder
was under the command of the Duke of York, confronting the
Republican Army in Holland.
The 1st Battalion in 1801 proceeded to Egypt under the
444
command of the brave Sir Ralph Abercromby, and; at a
time, when the other nations of Europe had been cowed by
the irresistible valour and genius of the French, proved the
superior courage of the British soldier, by driving the French
from Egypt, though the gallant Abercromby fell at the moment
of victory. The " Sphinx " and the word " Egypt " were
placed on the colours of the regiment in honour of its courage
in this campaign.
The 2nd Battalion proceeded to India, and for some years
was actively occupied in driving the French from their posses-
sions in the Indian Ocean, and in gradually extending and con-
solidating the British Empire in India. Meanwhile the 1st
Battalion was earning glory in the Peninsula War. After
assisting to preserve Sicily from Murat, whom Napoleon had
made King of Naples, it captured the Ionian Islands, and
then in Spain and Portugal, at Sabugal, Badajoz, and Sala-
manca, fairly earned the nick-name of the " Little Fighting
Fours."
When the escape of Napoleon from Elba called Europe
to arms, the regiment was again sent to the front. At Quatre
Bras it was in the gallant Picton's division which bore the
brunt of the desperate attacks of Marshal Ney, and on the
memorable 18th of June the regiment was one of those gallant
corps whose stubborn tenacity, once and for all, broke the
power of the great Napoleon at Waterloo.
At the same time the 2nd Battalion was fighting in America,
and formed part of the small army which, at Bladensburg,
routed an enemy, strongly entrenched and numerically superior,
and captured the city of Washington. Then followed a long
period of service in India, which included a campaign against
the Mahrattas, and gallant service on the occasion of a great
fire in the Mauritius, when the further progress of the fire was
checked by the regiment at some cost of life and limb. It also
took part in a campaign in Burmah, then almost an unknown
445
country, when an army of 60,000 Burmese, with numerous
artillery and elephants, was completely defeated by the small
British force, on which occasion the Essex Regiment won
" Ava " for its colours.
In 1842 it was the unfortunate lot of the regiment to parti-
cipate for the second time in its history in a great military
disaster. Troubles had occurred in Afghanistan, and the
ruler, Shah Soojah, had besought the aid of the British against
his turbulent subjects. By the aid of British bayonets he had
been replaced on his throne, and it became the duty of the
Essex Regiment to remain in Cabul during the winter of 1841
to protect this ruler. When, however, the snows of winter
had cut off the communication with India, the hostile Afghans
surrounded Cabul, and the leaders of the small British force
found themselves obliged to negotiate with them for a safe
retreat. Under the most solemn pledges the Afghans agreed
that the English should leave Cabul and return to India, and
in the depth of winter with its women, children and baggage
our small army commenced its weary retreat towards India.
Hardly had it started, however, when it became apparent
that the Afghans had no intention of observing the treaty,
for at every pass they treacherously attacked the crowd of
fugitives, and day by day they had to fight their way onwards
with diminishing numbers. Destitute of ammunition, and
hampered by the women and children, and suffering from cold
and hunger, the end came at last, and of all that started on that
fatal march, only one man lived to reach the shelter of the
British flag. In the following summer, however, an army of
retribution made stern amends, Cabul was again entered, and
severe punishment was meted out to those who had been
guilty of such murderous treachery.
In the fights of the Alma and Inkerman, and in the siege
of Sevastopol, during the Crimean Campaign, the Essex
Regiment won the right to bear those names on its colours,
446
to be shortly followed by additional honours gained in Chin;
during the war of 1860.
Next came the Nile Campaign of 1884-85, and although th
expedition failed to reach Khartoum in time to save the heroi
Gordon, it was from no want of pluck and endurance on th
part of the British soldier ; and the Essex Regiment, in com
mon with the other corps of the expedition, amply earned th
addition of " Nile, 1884-85 " to the other battle-honours 01
its colours.
The 1st Battalion embarked on the llth November, 189
to take part in the South African War, and on arrival wa
employed under General French in the operations around Coles
burg, by which the Boer invasion of Cape Colony was held ii
check until Lord Roberts was ready to move. In the arm;
which marched to intercept the retreat of Cronje, the Esse:
Regiment formed part of the 18th Brigade, 6th Divisio]
(General Kelly-Kenny's), and Colonel Stephenson of the Esse:
Regiment was appointed to command the brigade, and Majo
F. J. Brown succeeded to that of the battalion.
Marching swiftly, the regiment took part in the operation
for the relief of Kimberley, and then came up with Cronje a
Paardeberg, and on the 18th February, 1900, Cronje's trenche
were hotly attacked. In the gallant charge across the plaii
to the Boer trenches on the river banks, the Essex Regiment ha<
11 N.C.O. and men killed, and 3 officers and 48 N.C.O. am
men wounded. Lieutenant Parsons was awarded the Victorii
Cross for conspicuous courage in this action. The result of th
fight obliged the Boers to contract their defences and so sub
jected them to a greater intensity of artillery fire, with th
result that on the 27th, Cronje, with over 4,000 Boers, surren
dered themselves as prisoners of war.
The army then advanced on its way to Bloemfontein, am
after brushing away the enemy at Poplar's Grove, found then
strongly entrenched in a formidable position at Driefontein
447
At 5 in the afternoon of the 10th March, in the face of a heavy
fire, the Essex and Welsh Regiments stormed the heights and
drove the Boers off at the point of the bayonet, 120 of their
dead being afterwards found on the ground. Of the Essex
Regiment, 2 officers (one being the gallant Lieutenant Parsons)
and 11 N.C.O. and men were killed, and 5 officers and 78
N.C.O. and men were wounded.
On reaching Bloemfontein the battalion was complimented
by Lord Roberts for the excellent bayonet charge it had made
at Driefontein.
On the 22nd April, the regiment was engaged in the relief of
Dewetsdorp, and on the 1st May, started on the long march to
Pretoria. On the 10th May at the Zand River, where the
Boers had attempted to obstruct the British advance, the
Essex Regiment was kept on fatigue duty for 24 hours to get
the baggage across the drift, while the rest of the division
marched on. On the next day (the llth) the battalion marched
21 miles, and halting for three hours only, started again and
marched for 23 miles, when it caught up its comrades.
On the 31st May after some fighting, the battalion marched
into Johannesburg, and on the 4th June took part in the
skirmishing which preceded the occupation of Pretoria.
After Pretoria the battalion was present at the engagements
of Diamond Hill and Belfast, and took part in the operations
which ended in the flight of Kruger to Europe, the destruction
of the Boer artillery, and the flight of some thousands of Boers
across the frontier into Portuguese territory.
Shortly afterwards, it formed part of the force which pro-
ceeded to Frederickstad to the assistance of General Barton,
who was surrounded by De Wet's force. The Boers were
forced to withdraw after suffering heavy loss. Then followed
months of incessant marching in pursuit of the Boer commandos,
and finally the close of the war found it doing duty on the line
of blockhouses.
448
In the meantime the regiment had also been represented by
a body of mounted infantry from the 2nd battalion in India,
which rendered good service in the engagements at Driefontein,
Sanna's Post, Johannesburg, Diamond Hill, Wittebergen, and
elsewhere. The 2nd Battalion itself followed in December,
1901, and during the war constructed and occupied the block-
house line from Tafel Kop to Vrede.
The militia and volunteers of the regiment also rendered
excellent service during the campaign. The 3rd Battalion
volunteered for active service, and served in South Africa from
the 27th March to 15th September, 1902, being engaged in
holding blockhouse lines and guarding the lines of communi-
cation, while the service companies, furnished by the volunteer
battalions joined the 1st Battalion, and shared its hardships
and dangers with a spirit and endurance which won the highest
praise.
The total casualties of the regiment in the Boer War amounted
to 7 officers, 1 warrant officer, and 203 N.C.O. and men killed
or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 11 officers, 185 N.C.O.
and men wounded.
The following soldiers of the Essex Kegiment have won
special distinctions for acts of courage on the field of
battle :
The Victoria Cross.
In the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant W. McWhiney,
for devotion to duty and for rescuing wounded comrades.
Chinese Campaign, 1860. Lieutenant R. M. Rogers ; Private
J. McDougall, for gallantry at the capture of the Taku Forts.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Lieutenant F. N.
Parsons, for gallantly in the battle of Paardeberg.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant-Ma j or W. Hart ;
Corporals J. Cunningham, 0. Powell, P. Torpy, W. McWhiney ;
449
Privates H. Carroll, T. Crawford, R. Cruikshanks, T. Bade,
A. Fawkes, J. McGann, J. Magrath, J. Robinson, J. Samples,
G. Saunders ; Hospital Sergeant T. Austin.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major F.
Hewlett ; Quarter-master-Sergeants G. R. Mansfield, E. C.
Moore, W. Cook ; Colour-Sergeant C. E. Munson ; Sergeants
F. J. Fenner, J. Johnston ; Lance-Corporal J. Hall ; Privates
J. Bright, H. J. Fleming, H. Pain, F. Sheail, T. J. Stephenson.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
Flie Sherwood Foresters
(NOTTINGHAMSHIRE AND DERBYSHIRE REGIMENTS).
REGIMENTAL BADGE.
The United Red aud White Rose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" LOUISBURG," " ROLEIA," " VlMIERA," " TALAVERA," " BU8ACO," " FUENTES D'OXOR,"
" ClUDAD RODRIGO," " BADAJOZ," " SALAMANCA," " VlTTORIA," " PYRENEES,"
"XIVELLE," " ORTHES," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," "AVA," " SOUTH AFRICA,
1846-7," "ALMA," "INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "CENTRAL INDIA," "ABYSSINIA,"
" EGYPT, 1882," " TIRAH," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters DEKBY,
MILITIA.
n / (1st Derby Militia) 1
m .battalion^ , n j T\ u nr-i-i- \ r
I (2nd Perbv Militia) I
th Battalion (Royal Sherwood Foresters' Militia)
VOLU \TKER BATTA LIONS.
st ..
nd .
Derbi/.
Chesterfield.
1st Nottinghamshire
4th
Derby.
Neivark.
Nottingham.
. Neivark.
LONDON:
PRINTED po His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY Omca.
BY HARBISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
FIUNTEM iii OBDINABT TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTEB LANE, E.G., or
OLIVKR AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
X. PONSONBT. 116. QBAJTON STREET, DUBLIN.
463
THE DERBYSHIRE REGIMENT.
THE regiment by which the counties of Nottingham and Derby
are represented in the ranks of His Majesty's Army is com-
posed of two battalions, formerly the 45th and 95th Regiments
of Foot. In 1881 these two corps were united under the title
of the Sherwood Foresters, or Derbyshire Regiment.
The 45th Regiment, now the 1st Battalion, was raised
iu the year 1741, and the 95th, now the 2nd Battalion, in
1823. The first of the important events in the history of
the former battalion was its participation in the conquest of
Canada ; and at the capture of the French naval arsenal at
Louisburg, in 1758, its good service and gallantry earned for
the regiment the first inscription on its colours. Although
not present as a whole, the battalion was represented by a
detachment in the famous battle before Quebec in the following
year, when, under the immortal Wolfe, the British troops
overthrew the sovereignty of France in North America. To
a certain extent France revenged herself some 20 years later
by helping the American colonies to gain their independence.
In this unfortunate conflict the Sherwood Foresters, in common
with the other regiments of the British Army, carried out the
orders entrusted to them with a spirit and gallantry that added
much to their reputation.
More congenial service awaited them in the West Indies,
and for many years they were busy fighting the French for the
possession of these valuable islands, finding, however, the
climate more dangerous than tlip enemy.
454
In 1807, a stern experience fell to the lot of the regiment
at the attack on Buenos Ayres, in South America. The
English had, the year before, been obliged to relinquish the
city in consequence of a general rising against them, and a
large force under General Whitelock, including the 1st Batta-
lion of the regiment, was sent to retake it. The city was
entered at various points by the British troops, but every
house had been made a fortress, and the farther our soldiers
went the more terrible became the fusilade from every window
and roof, whole battalions were cut off, and some, terribly
reduced in numbers, were captured by the Spaniards. Other
British regiments, however, were more fortunate, and the
Sherwood Foresters, in particular, successfully seized the
building to which they were directed, and prepared them-
selves to hold it against all comers. This, with other partial
successes, enabled the British General to negotiate on equal
terms with the Spanish Governor, and all prisoners were
accordingly restored, and our troops left the city with the
honours of war.
The following year, however, was to see the regiment enrolled
in the ranks of those gallant troops who, in the course of the
Peninsular War, defeated again and again the finest troops
and ablest Marshals of the French Empire. In the opening
battle of the war, that at Roleia, the battalion took a promi-
nent part in the movement which dislodged the enemy, while
at the battle of Vimiera, which followed, it was close in
pursuit of the defeated French. In the desperate and pro-
tracted battle of Talavera, the battalion gained the honourable
nickname of " The Old Stubborns," for its gallant conduct
at a critical moment. With their usual impetuosity of
attack, the French had flung themselves in masses upon an
advanced post of our troops before they could be supported
or withdrawn. Had our troops been driven in headlong
confusion back upon Wellington's order of battle, the French
455
might fairly have expected to have broken the British asunder,
and so gained their object. That they did not do so was
owing to the firmness of the Sherwood Foresters, who,
thoroughly trained in the art of war, opposed, with the
utmost firmness and courage, the troops of the enemy.
Taking advantage of the wooded nature of the country, they
made such a defence, as they slowly retreated, as effectually
prevented the enemy from profiting by his attack. Welling-
ton, in describing the battle in his official bulletin, said :
' Upon this occasion the steadiness and discipline of the 45th
Regiment were conspicuous."
In the battle of Busaco, won by the British army against
superior numbers, again did the Sherwood Foresters dis-
tinguish themselves. The army commanded by Wellington
had been posted by him in a favourable position among
the hills, which, to a certain extent, neutralised the odds
against him. The enemy, however, fought with no little
gallantry and perseverance, and one of theii' columns at one
period of the day had actually attained the top of a ridge
from which they might break the British line. Their triumph
was, however, short lived. The 1st Battalion of the regi-
ment, with its brave comrades, now the 1st Battalion Connaught
Rangers, and a Portuguese Regiment, sprang fiercely at the
head of the enemy's column with the bayonet, a few moments
of wavering, and then order was lost, and pell mell down the
hill went the French, nor did our gallant fellows leave them
until not a man remained on the hill's side from top to bottom,
save those who had fallen or were prisoners. " I assure you
that I never witnessed a more gallant charge than that made
by the 88th, 45th, and 8th Portuguese Regiment on the
enemy's division, which had reached the ridge of the sierra,"
so wrote the hero of a hundred fights to the Secretary of
State.
Space will not permit a detailed account of the doings
2 G
456
of the Sherwood Foresters in all the battles and sieges of
the Peninsula War, but wherever dauntless daring was re-
quired the men of the old 45th were ever ready to head a
storming party with the same fearless spirit as that which
earned them the nickname of the " Old Stubborns." At
Badajoz, a 45th jacket was displayed in place of the British
flag, as a sign of the conquest of the castle and a testimony
to the regiment's participation in the victory. At Fuentes
d'Onor, Ciudad Rodrigo, Salamanca, and the crowning victory
of Vittoria, in the dreadful struggles amongst the Pyrenees,
in the passage of the Nive and the Nivelle, at Orthes and
Toulouse, the regiment obtained, and firmly cemented, a
fame for gallantry and good conduct which placed it in the front
rank of Wellington's stout veterans.
After the final overthrow of Napoleon at Waterloo, many
years elapsed ere the regiment was again required for active
service against an enemy, but in various quarters of the
globe it performed sterling service in the protection of British
interests and possessions.
The 2nd Battalion, the old 95th Regiment, was formed
in 1823, but its qualities in the field were not tested until
it had existed for 10 years, when it proceeded to Cephalonia,
to act against some revolted Greeks. How well the 10 years
of training had fitted the regiment for an emergency may be
judged from the expression of the High Commissioner's
thanks " for the exemplary steadiness, patience and humanity,
as well as gallantry, displayed by them during a very arduous
and trying service."
The 1st Battalion was, in 1846-47, engaged in South Africa
in protecting our colonists against the Kaffirs, a duty which
called for much endurance on the part of the troops ere the
nimble-footed savages could be taught that distance could
not save them from the consequences of their barbarous
raids on the farms and homesteads of the colony. Service
457
in Burmah followed for the battalion, where, amid very
different surroundings, they performed equally excellent
work against the Burmese, and established British authority
in that quarter of the globe on a more satisfactory
basis.
In 1854, stern and desperate service fell to the lot of the
2nd Battalion during the Crimean Campaign. Eager to
win laurels for their hitherto practically untried regiment,
the soldiers of the 95th climbed the fatal hillsides of the
Alma with a gallant impetuosity which would not be denied,
although their first battle honour cost the battalion, in killed
and wounded, no less than 18 officers and 188 N.C.O. and
men. Again was that dauntless courage shown on the
memorable 5th of November, when the grey Russian masses
crept through the fog at Inkerman, only to be hurled back to
Sevastopol, after six hours' desperate fighting, by one-sixth
their number of British troops. When the roll was called
after the battle, no less than 143 officers and men of the regiment
were found to have been either killed or wounded. In addition
to these severe losses, the men suffered from the terrible
severity of the climate, and scarcely 100 could be mustered
fit for duty out of 1,000 who had left England. This, however,
in no way prevented the gallant corps from furnishing in its
turn the usual quota of officers and men for outpost and trench
duty, and, worthy companions of the " Old Stubborns," the
men of the 2nd Battalion nobly earned the honours of the
Crimean War for their colours.
Following hard on the Crimean War came the Indian Mutiny,
and although the 2nd Battalion did not arrive in India in time
to share in the more brilliant achievements of the year 1857,
yet it was called upon for service as perilous and trying in
the 16 months of marching and fighting with the Central
Indian Field Force. During that time it traversed nearly
3,000 miles, and was engaged with the enemy 14 times, often
2 Q 2
458
under climatic conditions which wrought more havoc even
than the enemy.
The Abyssinian Campaign gave the 1st Battalion an oppor-
tunity of proving the continued existence of that spirit of
martial ardour which it had so signally manifested in the
battles of the Peninsula War, and the incident cannot be
better described than by quoting the words of Lord Malmesbury
in the House of Lords : " The march of the 45th is one of the
most extraordinary on record. Having been detained in the
rear, and being anxious to come as soon as possible to the front,
they marched 300 miles in 24 days, and accomplished 70 miles
in four days, over a pass 10,000 feet high." It is gratifying
to know that the gallant corps was in time to take part in
the assault and capture of Magdala.
The 2nd Battalion defended Alexandria during the cam-
paign in Egypt in 1882, and although but little fighting fell to
its lot, the duty it had to perform in mounting guard day and
night, and the trying nature of the country, fully and satis-
factorily tested the good qualities of the regiment.
Six years later the same battalion won additional credit
in the Sikkim Expedition. The men of the regiment, in
addition to many fatiguing marches over difficult country,
had to hold an advanced position at Gnathong, which was
twice attacked by superior numbers of the Thibetans, who,
on both occasions, were completely repulsed. At the con-
clusion of the expedition, the General who commanded the
force highly commended the battalion, " not only for its good
fighting qualities, but also for its high state of discipline,
and the good tone which existed throughout all ranks," while
Lord Koberts also expressed his satisfaction at " the most
favourable reports received of the battalion, and that it was
cheerful under hardships, always ready for work, and very
well conducted."
On the 19th September, 1897, the 2nd Battalion was ordered
159
to take the field with the Tirah Expedition against the tribes-
men in the mountains and passes on the North-West Frontier
of India, and showed conspicuous gallantry in the memorable
action at Dargai, where it had 1 officer and 11 N.C.O. and men
killed and wounded. Lieutenant H. S. Pennell won the
Victoria Cross by his gallant endeavours to save Captain Smith
who was killed, and Sergeant Keeling and Private Spick
received the Medal for Distinguished Conduct. The battalion
was subsequently engaged in the attack of the Sampagha and
Arhanga passes ; the destruction of the fortified towers of the
Aka Khel Afridis in the Warren Valley, and the action of
Karumna in the Khyber Pass. The trying marches, extreme
cold, unhealthy valleys, and heavy duty were a severe strain
upon the health of the men during this campaign, and the
total casualties of the battalion amounted to 3 officers and 21
N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c. ; and
1 officer, and 33 N.C.O. and men wounded.
On the outbreak of the Boer War the 1st Battalion left Malta
on the 21st November, 1899, under the command of Colonel
Smith-Dorrien, D.S.O., and landed at East London, South
Africa, on the 15th December, 1899, when it proceeded by train
to join the 3rd Division about 10 days after the disaster at
Stormberg. It took part in many reconnaissances in that
district and was present at the action at Bethulie Bridge,
where Lieutenant Popham gained his D.S.O. by cutting the
wires connecting the dynamite charges which had been prepared
to blow up the bridge.
The battalion then joined General Bruce Hamilton's force
on the 29th April, 1900, being part of the Eastern Column under
General Ian Hamilton, and took part in the actions of Welkdon,
Zand River, Johannesburg and Diamond Hill, and the occupa-
tions of the towns of Winberg, Kroonstad, Lindley and Pretoria.
It marched 400 miles in 45 days, including 10 days' halt,
and was engaged with the enemy 28 times. At Diamond
460
Hill it lost 5 men killed and 2 officers and 19 men
wounded.
On the return of the battalion to Pretoria it was ordered to
trek south across the Vaal River in the direction of Bethlehem,
and joined Colonel Broadwood's and General Fitzroy Hart's
Column in the pursuit of De Wet, and performed many arduous
marches on this service.
It subsequently joined Colonel Dixon's column, and while
serving with it took a conspicuous part in the severe engage-
ment at Vlakfontein on the 29th May, 1901. Covering their
approach by a veldt fire, 500 mounted Boers dashed out of the
smoke on to the rear guard of the column and obtained posses-
sion of its two guns. The escort of the guns was a company of
the Sherwood Foresters, and though its ranks had been broken
by the fierce onslaught, the men fought gallantly against tre-
mendous odds until the rest of the battalion with the Scottish
Borderers came to the rescue, when the guns were recaptured
and the Boers swept off the field, leaving 41 of their dead on
the ground. 24 N.C.O. and men of the regiment were killed,
and 4 officers and 57 N.C.O. and men were wounded.
Again at Moedwill, the regiment still further enhanced its
fighting reputation in the action of the 30th September, 1901.
Colonel Kekewich's column, with which the battalion was then
serving, was attacked at daybreak in its bivouac by Delarey
and a large force of Boers. In the suddenness of the attack
the outposts were driven in and the Boers secured a position
from which their fire searched the whole camp, and men and
horses dropped fast. But the Sherwood Foresters had been
in this kind of affair before, and undismayed by the situation,
they led the way in a gallant counter attack on the Boers.
By six o'clock in the morning Delarey's burghers had had
enough, and galloped off completely repulsed. ' There were
few actions," says Sir Conan Doyle, " more creditable to the
troops engaged." The regiment lost 1 officer and 20 N.C.O.
461
and men killed and 3 officers and 39 N.C.O. and men
wounded. Sergeant Chambers, by his very successful
defence of a small post, won the Medal for Distinguished Con-
duct in this action. After this and until the end of the war,
the battalion held the blockhouse line from Magato to Naau-
port.
Much good service was also performed by the mounted
infantry of the regiment, who saw service in every part of the
scene of war. During the campaign the total number of
casualties amounted to 12 officers and 259 N.C.O. and men,
and the battalion marched 2,200 miles. When speaking at
Welbeck, Lord Kitchener referred to the Sherwood Foresters
as " one of the battalions in whom I most trusted."
Among the Militia battalions which volunteered for the war,
none were so seriously engaged as the 4th Battalion of the
regiment, and the gallant fight it made against hopeless odds
at Roodeval will always be a proud recollection. Its casualties
during the campaign were 3 officers, 42 N.C.O. and men killed
or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 3 officers, 62 N.C.O. and
men wounded, and it received a deservedly great reception on
its return from the inhabitants of Nottingham and Newark.
The representatives of the volunteer battalion of the regiment
who went to the front also earned much praise for the spirit
in which they shared the dangers and hardships of their regular
comrades.
The following soldiers of the regiment have won special dis-
tinctions for acts of courage on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
Indian Mutiny. 1857. Private B. McQuirt.
Perak Expedition, 1876. Captain Channer.
Afghan War, 1879. Colonel O'Moore Creagh.
462
At Dargai, Tirah Campaign, 1897. Lieutenant H. S. Pennell.
Wakkerstroom, South African Campaign, 1899-1902.
Corporal H. Beet.
Moedwill, South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Private W.
Bess.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Quartermaster-Sergeant M.
McGucken ; Colour-Sergeant T. Welton ; Corporals W. Bish,
M. Harrison, S. Hunter, G. Seymour ; Privates W. Ahern, T.
Grimason, F. Kelling, P. Kenny, J. Mercer, M. Urell, D. Shea,
P. Burke, P. Murphy, C. Rose.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Private J. Wilson.
Tirah Campaign (North-West Frontier of India) 18-J7.
Colour-Sergeant J. Keeling ; Private J. Spick.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeants- Major H. G.
Crummey, H. Taylor ; Quartermaster-Sergeant W. J. Roberts ;
Company Sergeant-Major A. Ewin ; Colour- Sergeants W.
Harwood, C. D. Randall, C. Walker ; Sergeants G. Dexter, C.
Chambers, J. Dames, J. Gilham, W. Seaton, A. Avenall ;
Lance-Sergeant W. Dowson ; Corporal J. Brierly ; Privates
H. Alton, A. Bullons, J. Cunningham, C. 0. Hickenbottom,
R. Isaacs, A. Smith, E. Marriott.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
NORTH LANCASHIRE REGIMENT.
REG IM ENTAL BADGE.
The Red Rose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" LOUISBCRO," " QUEBEC, 1759," " MAIDA," " CORUNNA," " TARIFA," " VITTORIA,'
" ST. SEBASTIAN," " PENINSULA," " AVA," " ALMA," " INKERMAN," " SEVASTOPOL,'
" An MASJID," " AFGHANISTAN, 1878-79," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" DEFENCE OF KIMBERLET."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-PRESTON,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (3rd Koyal Lancashire Militia) .. .. .. Preston.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st .. .. .. Preston. \ 2nd .. .. .. So/ton.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONEST OFFICB,
BY HAKKISON AND SONS, ST MAjmNTS LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANS, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
465
AH,
NORTH LANCASHIRE REGIMENT.
THE Loyal North Lancashire Regiment, formed of the old 47th
and 81st Regiments of Foot, dates back to 1740, when it was
first raised in Scotland by Colonel Mordaunt. It served in
that country for some years, after which it came to England,
and in 1758 went out to America, and was engaged in many of
the battles fought there. It took part in the expedition against
Quebec, and was known in the Army as " Wolfe's Own."
With great discernment the expedition for the reduction of this
place had been entrusted to Ma] or- General Wolfe, a young but
talented officer, who, with 8,000 men under his command,
left England in February, 1759, and reached Quebec in the
following April. The French were, however, well prepared,
and Quebec was garrisoned by 10,000 troops under the Marquis
de Montcalm, the ablest military leader of the French in
America.
For no less a period than six months Wolfe and his brave
soldiers used every endeavour, and practised every artifice to
come to close quarters with the French, but aided by the
almost inaccessible position of Quebec, Montcalm kept resolutely
within the walls, knowing that the severity of the winter would
put an end to the efforts of the English.
This consideration was also present to the mind of Wolfe,
and at last, when every other effort had failed, he resorted
to an expedient which the well-tried valour of the British
46(5
soldier alone made possible. Having attracted the enemy's
attention during the day by various feigned movements in
an opposite direction, on the night of the 12th September,
he embarked some 5,000 of the troops in boats, who, rowing
with muffled oars, passed the French sentinels, and reached the
foot of a bush-clad precipice, known as the Heights of Abraham.
Up the face of this with infinite labour Wolfe and his gallant
soldiers, holding on to tree and bush, climbed till they reached
the top, and daybreak found them at last in a position from
which they could assault the town.
Montcalm hardly believing his own eyes, and knowing
the weakness of the defence in that quarter, which he had
regarded as unassailable, at once resolved to hazard a battle
to save the town. The contest, however, was short, for six
months the British had been panting to get at the foe, now
that the opportunity had come the ardour of their attack
was irresistible, and the French were routed with great slaughter
although the gallant Wolfe died at the moment of victory. To
the North Lancashire Eegiment, therefore, with their brave
comrades on this day, we practically owe the possession of
those vast and fertile provinces in which so many of our people
have since found happiness and prosperity.
The Regiment served throughout the operations in Canada,
and a few years later was present at the capture of Monte
Video under General Quemby. In 1799 the 2nd Battalion
was quartered in the West Indies where it suffered much
from yellow fever. It was afterwards engaged at the Cape,
and had some hard fighting with the Kaffirs, after which it
returned home. In 1806 the Regiment was sent to Sicily,
and was brigadtd with the 78th Foot under Brigadier- General
Ackland, and participated in the battle of Maida, when it
particularly distinguished itself. The French force was
considerably stronger than the British, but the result of the
action was a complete victory for the English, 700 of the enemy
467
being killed, and 1,400 wounded. The Regiment, under
Colonel Kempt, behaved nobly throughout the action, and,
in conjunction with the 78th, made the memorable charge
which drove the enemy from the field and did so much in
deciding the fortune of the day.
In November, 1808, it was sent to Spain, and took part
in the various engagements and movements which ensued,
including Sir John Moore's famous retreat on Corunna in
the face of a powerful enemy. At the battle fought on the
16th January, 1809, in which Sir John Moore fell, the North
Lancashire took a conspicuous part, and was highly com-
plimented for its conduct by Major-General Leith. The loss
of the Regiment during the retreat and battle, in killed, wounded
and missing, was 15 officers and 311 men.
The 1st Battalion served throughout the Peninsular War,
and took part in the battles of Tarifa, Vittoria, and St. Sebastian.
At the termination of the war it went out to India, took part
in the Pindaree and Burmese campaigns, in the latter suffering
greatly from sickness, and losing many officers and men, but
earned the high praise of the Governor-General of India, and
the distinction of " Ava " for its colours.
In 1854 the Regiment was sent to the Crimea, as part
of the 2nd division under General Sir de Lacy Evans, and took
part in the battles of the Alma and Inkerman. The battle
of Inkerman was fought on the 5th November, 1854, and
commenced at the dawn of day and lasted till 2 p.m., when
the Russians retired, leaving the valuable position of the
Inkerman heights in the hands of the British. The Regiment
very early in the day lost the services of Colonel Haly, who
fell severely wounded, but whose life was saved by a small
party of men of the Regiment, who charged the Russians and
rescued the Colonel ; and on this occasion Private John
McDesmond showed such conspicuous gallantry that he was
awarded the Victoria Cross. The casualties on this day
468
amounted to 2 officers and 87 N.C.O. and men killed and
wounded.
For the Crimean War several medals and honours were
conferred on both officers and men, 17 distinguished conduct
medals being given to N.C.O. and men, and 7 officers and
1 sergeant (Colour-Sergeant Wilson) receiving the Legion of
Honour.
In 1853 the 2nd Battalion sailed for Calcutta, and remained
in India till 1865, being present during the whole of the Indian
Mutiny, although it . was never actively engaged with the
mutineers, yet it did good and valuable service in the Punjab,
where it disarmed four regiments of native troops. It was on
the llth May, 1857, that the tidings reached Lahore of the
mutiny at Meerut. Lahore, with its 90,000 inhabitants,
could at a moment give forth hundreds who would only be too
ready to emulate the atrocities committed at Meerut and Delhi,
but it was not from the city alone that danger was to be appre-
hended. At Mian Mir, six miles from Lahore, were quartered
three native infantry corps and one cavalry regiment, with
but a small force of Europeans, consisting of the 2nd Battalion
North Lancashire, two troops of Royal Horse Artillery, and
four reserve companies of foot artillery. Information had
reached the authorities that a plot was on foot at this station
to overpower the garrison, seize the guns, set free the 2,000
prisoners confined in the gaol, and then a general massacre
of Europeans was intended. A parade of all the troops was
ordered to take place in the early morning, and none but the
few who were in the secret knew the object of the parade.
At the appointed time the troops were drawn up on the ground
the Europeans on the right, the native infantry in the centre,
and the native cavalry on the left, the natives outnumbering
the Europeans by eight to one. First of all the order of Govern-
ment for the disbandment of the 34th Native Infantry at
Barrackpore was read to each regiment, then the native
469
regiments were ordered to change front to the rear, and while
they were executing this manoeuvre, the 2nd Battalion North
Lancashire changed front also and faced them, and the gunners,
hidden by the Kegiment, moved round likewise, loading their
guns as they went. The Sepoys were then told that as so many
other regiments had begun to display a mutinous spirit, it was
thought right to shield them from temptation by disarming
them. ' The order was given to ' Pile arms,' and the Sepoys
momentarily hesitating, heard Colonel Renny give the order
to the North Lancashire men to load, and saw the gunners in
front of them standing to their guns, portfires in hand. Per-
ceiving the hopelessness of resistance, they sullenly laid down
their arms. Never was a more decisive victory gained ; by that
morning's work not only was the capital of the Punjab saved,
but much had been done to save our Indian Empire."*
The regiment returned home from India in 1865, experiencing
on its way a severe cyclone near the Mauritius, which nearly
proved fatal to it.
It went again to India in 1874, and took part in the Afghan
War, and, with the force under Sir Samuel Browne, was present
at the capture of Ali Musjid.
This was a powerful fortress situated among the rocky
heights which formed the frontier of Afghanistan ; it was
garrisoned at the time by a strong body of Afghan soldiery,
and was well supplied with heavy guns. Two brigades of
the British army were directed to perform a flanking move-
ment to the rear of the fort, but owing to the difficulty ex-
perienced in traversing such mountainous country, they did
not arrive in time to participate in the attack, which was
made by the remainder of the force in the front of the fortress.
This attack, in which the North Lancashire was engaged,
commenced about two o'clock in the afternoon, but from the
nature of the ground, and the intensity of the Afghan fire.
* " Her Majesty's Army." W. Richards.
470
the advance of the British was necessarily slow, and darknes
at length put an end to the conflict, but not before our troop
had secured favourable posts, from which they could renew th
attack on the following morning. As soon as daybreak allowed
our guns opened fire on the fort, but no reply came, and it a
once became apparent that the Afghan garrison had abandone<
their works, which were accordingly taken possession of b;
our troops.
The Boer War of 1899 next gave the North Lancashir
Regiment an opportunity of increasing its reputation.
Under Colonel Kekewich four companies of the 1st Battalioi
formed the bulk of the regular troops who garrisoned Kimberle;
during its four months' siege.
The Boers, attracted by the valuable diamond mines an<
the presence of Mr. Rhodes, made every effort to capture th
town, but the defence was conducted with conspicuous ski]
and success until General French relieved the garrison am
drove away the Boers.
The other wing of the Regiment formed part of LordMethuen'
force, and was present at the battles of Belmont, Enslin, am
Modder River. At Enslin, although the North Lancashire
shared the honour of the day with the Marines, they sufferec
much less heavily owing to the extended order in which the]
scaled the heights, their losses amounting to 20 killed an<
wounded. At the battle of the Modder River the wing of thi
battalion led by "C" Company under Major Churchwan
managed to get across the river and establish itself on thi
enemy's flank, a movement which probably did much to induci
the enemy to vacate his position during the night. The Nortl
Lancashires were with the tioops who kept Cronje at Magers
fontein while Lord Robsrttf prepared the movement whicl
resulted in the capture of Cronje's whole f orce at Paardeberg or
27th February, 1900, a::id subsequently the battalion ofter
split up into many detachments, performed much harl work
471
being incessantly moving with columns under the indefatigable
Lord Methuen and other commanders, or escorting valuable
convoys of supplies. Altogether during the campaign it is
estimated that the battalion marched some 4,500 miles.
On 19th February, 1901, at Haartebeestefontein, under
Lord Methuen, A and H Companies greatly distinguished
themselves by dislodging the Boers from a rocky ravine where
they were strongly entrenched. Two officers and four N.C.O.
and men were killed and eight wounded in this action, and the
companies were highly complimented by Lord Methuen, who
also presented them with a captured Boer flag. There was
a considerable amount of fighting too on convoy duty, especially
when the Boers were coming to the end of their own supplies.
E and F Companies had a stiff fight at Kaalfontein on 24th
May, 1901, with some 400 Boers. The fighting lasted all day,
but the convoy safely reached its destination in the evening
having had, however, 40 of its escort killed or wounded.
Much hard work was also done in erecting and manning
blockhouses, and often the little garrisons had some exciting
times. One of these blockhouses, garrisoned by Sergeant
Waring and nine men of B Company, was summoned to surrender
by a body of 150 Boers, who on being refused made a deter-
mined attack. The little band, however, made a highly
successful defence and the attack was beaten off, Sergeant
Waring and two privates being wounded and the remainder
more or less scratched by splinters. Lord Methuen sent the
following message : " Please compliment the Sergeant and
garrison of blockhouse on its excellent defence. I expect nothing
but what is of the best from the 1st Loyal North Lancashire
Regiment."
On 7th March, 1902, B and G Companies had the misfortune
to be present at the disaster to Lord Methuen's column at
Klipdrift, and on the retreat of the mounted troops, these
companies maintained the fight until the men had entirely
2 H
472
exhausted their ammunition, when they were captured together
with Lord Methuen and the convoy, but were almost im-
mediately released.
The mounted infantry of the Regiment which included a
considerable detachment from the 2nd Battalion at Malta
also did excellent work throughout the campaign, but the limits
of this short history will not permit a detailed account of
their many exciting adventures in all parts of the three colonies.
The campaign gave the militia and volunteers of the Regiment
an excellent opportunity of proving their worth. The 3rd
Battalion volunteered for service early in the campaign but
was asked to do duty at Malta, a duty which was cheerfully
accepted, and it remained at that station until 2nd March,
1901, when it had the pleasure of proceeding to South Africa,
and put in good service in the work of guarding the lines of
communication. The service companies sent out by the
volunteer battalions of the Regiment earned the highest praise
for their spirit and conduct from the regular officers under
whom they served, and both militia and volunteers fully
established their right to share the honours gained on active
service by the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment.
The total losses of the Regiment during the campaign
amounted to 7 officers and 103 N.C.O. and men killed or
died of wounds, disease, &c., and 12 officers, 116 N.C.O.
and men wounded.
The following soldiers of the Loyal North Lancashire
Regiment have won special distinctions by acts of courage
on the field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
During the Crimean Campaign, 1854-55. Private McDes-
mond.
473
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-55. Sergeant- Major J. Downey ;
Sergeants J. Wilson, J. Godfrey ; Corporals M. Dean, J.
Blackmore, J. Gray, G. W. Cantrell, W. Dean, G. Lang ;
Privates J. Dowdney, J. Murphy, S. Badman, T. Cook, D.
Brooks, J. Owens, T. Keenan, W. Mitchell.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Majors E. C.
Mudge, R. Rowley ; Quarter-Master-Sergeant A. Hills ;
Colour-Sergeants I. Mossop, E. Wilkinson ; Sergeants C.
Hodgson, F. Davis ; Lance-Sergeants G. Walker, T. J. Hodg-
son ; Corporals F. Peacock, H. Dandy ; Privates A. Daw,
A. Hands, H. T. Johnson, A. McDermott, M. Moran, J. Taylor.
Specially promoted for Gallantry.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Lance -Corporal M.
Partington ; Privates Lawton, W. Louis.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
2 H 2
-s- ir-m JLM
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE REGIMENT.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Castle and Key, superscribed " GIBRALTAR," and with the Motto " Montis
Insignia Calpe," underneath.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
"LOUISBURQ," "QUEBEC, 1759," " MAID A," " DOURO," " TALAVERA,"
" ALBUHERA," " BADAJOZ," " SALAMANCA," " VITTORIA," " PYRENEES,"
" NIVELLE," " ORTHES," "TOULOUSE," 'PENINSULA," "SEVASTOPOL,"
" NEW ZEALAND," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1879," "TIRAH," (i SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
" MODDER RIVER."
UNIFORM- SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters NORTHAMPTON,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Northampton and Rutland Militia) . . Northampton.
VOLUNTEER BATTALION.
1st., .. Northampton.
LONDON:
i MAJESTY'S ST
STD SONS, ST
PKINTEBS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTT.
FEINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICI,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND 130YD, EDINBURGH ; or
. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DOBLW.
477
THE
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE REGIMENT,
THE 1st Battalion (until 1881 known as the 48th Regiment) was
embodied at Norwich in 1741, and reviewed by King George II
in London in the following year. In 1745 it was engaged
at Tournay and Fontenoy, and in 1746 fought at Falkirk and
Culloden, and at the latter captured a French standard. In
1747 it was engaged at La-Felde-on-Val, captured three stands
of French colours, but lost so heavily that it was declared unfit
for service. In 1753 it embarked for Virginia, and was engaged
at Monongahela.
In 1755 the 2nd Battalion (until 1881 known as the 58th
Regiment) was embodied at Plymouth, and two years later
embarked for Nova Scotia ; the following year (1758) both
battalions were engaged at the capture of Louisburg.
In 1759 both battalions took part in the memorable assault
and capture of Quebec, the light companies of the different
corps being led up the precipitous heights by Lieut.-Colonel
Sir W. Howe of the 2nd Battalion, while the grenadiers of the
1st Battalion claim, with apparent justice, the melancholy
distinction of supporting the brave General Wolfe in his last
moments.
In 1762 we find both battalions again associated at the
capture of Havannah ; the grenadiers of the 2nd Battalion
being the first to enter the strong Castle of Moro. Immense
booty was taken at Havannah, the silver specie alone being
valued at 3,000,000.
478
Both battalions returned home in 1763. In 1771 the
2nd Battalion embarked for Gibraltar, and took an active
part in the famous siege of this place from 1780 to 1783,
thus earning the right to wear the Castle and Key as a badge
of distinction, and the motto " Montis Insignia Calpe."
In 1773 the 1st Battalion, after spending 10 years in
Ireland, again embarked for the West Indies, returning home
1780. In 1787 the Hon. Arthur Wellesley was gazetted a
Captain in the 2nd Battalion he was better known in later
years as Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington. Between
1794 and 1796 both battalions were engaged in the West Indies,
and assisted at the capture of the Islands of Martinique, St.
Lucia, and Guadaloupe.
The 1st Battalion was present at the blockade of Malta in
1800, the Grenadier company capturing the Florian Gate,
and planting the British colours on Fort St. Angelo. The
2nd Battalion arrived at Malta in December, 1800, and
proceeded with the force under Sir Ralph Abercromby to
Egypt, taking part in the landing operations at Aboukir on
the 8th March, 1801, and on the 21st of the same month an
active part in the famous battle of Alexandria, when the
English gained a decisive victory over the French.
On the 4th July, 1806, the 2nd Battalion was engaged
at the battle of Maida, where 5,000 English, under General
Sir John Stuart, completely defeated a force of 7,000 French.
In 1809 both battalions were serving with the army in the
Peninsula.
The 1st Battalion was present at the passage of the Douro
on the 12th May, 1809, and was the second regiment to cross
over, being in immediate support of the Buffs.
On the 27th and 28th July of the same year, the 1st Battalion
was engaged in the battle of Talavera, and for its services was
twice specially mentioned in despatches by Lord Wellington,
who had personally observed its conduct. Colonel Donncllan
commanding the battalion was severely wounded while leading
479
his men on to the rescue of the Guards ; although in great pain
he called the next senior officer, and in a most dignified manner
handed him over the command. The battalion rescued the
Guards, while the Colonel was conducted to the rear, and died
soon after from the effects of his wounds.
Napier, in his history of the Peninsular War, relates the part
taken by the 48th Regiment at Talavera as follows :
" But the centre of the British was absolutely broken,
and the fate of the day seemed to incline in favour of the
French, when suddenly Colonel Donnellan with the 48th
Regiment was seen advancing through the midst of the
disordered masses. At first it seemed as if this regiment
must be carried away by the retiring crowds, but wheeling
back by companies, it let them pass through the intervals,
and then resuming its proud and beautiful line, marched
against the right of the pursuing column and plied them
with such a destructive musketry, and closed upon them
with such a firm and regular pace, that the forward move-
ment of the French was checked. The battle was restored,
the French relaxed their efforts by degrees, the fire of the
English grew hotter, and their loud and confident shouts
sure augury of success were heard along the whole
line."
The 1st Battalion was next engaged in the battle of Busaco
on the 27th September, 1810, and at Albuhera on the 16th
May, 1811, when Lieut. -Colonel Duckworth and G other
officers were killed, 24 officers wounded (3 of whom died
of their wounds), and 387 men killed or wounded. The
1st Battalion was present at the storming of Badajoz, 6th
April, 1812.
Both battalions were engaged at the battle of Salamanca,
22nd July, 1812. The 2nd Battalion was present at the siege
of Burgos, 22nd October, 1812, battle of Castalla 13th April,
and Vittoria 21st June, 1813.
The two battalions were engaged in the fighting in the
480
Pyrenees between 28th July and 2nd August, 1813, at Nivelle
on the 10th November, and at Orthes on 27th February, 1814
the 1st Battalion also taking part in the engagement at
Toulouse, on llth April, 1814.
The details of the losses sustained by both battalions
during the Peninsular campaign conclusively prove that they
had their full share of the hard knocks, and have a good right
to share in the honour of that glorious campaign. At the battle
of Salamanca, Drummer Kelly of the 58th Regiment, captured
a drum from the 58th French Infantry ; this drum is still in
possession of the 2nd Battalion.
In 1814 the battalions left the Peninsula, and served at
various stations both at home and abroad.
On the 26th November, 1827, the 2nd Battalion, being
then at Portsmouth, had the honour of receiving new colours
from the hands of H.H.H. the Duke of Clarence (afterwards
King William IV).
The 1st Battalion was presented with colours on 19th
November, 1838, while stationed at Gibraltar.
From 1845 to 1847 the 2nd Battalion was constantly
engaged against the Maories in New Zealand, some
of the encounters being most severe. On the 16th May,
1846, a small detachment, under Lieutenant Page, was
surprised by a large body of the natives. The bugler (a young
lad named Allen), while blowing the alarm, had his right arm
disabled by a blow from a tomahawk ; he, however, at once
grasped the bugle in his left hand, and continued to sound
the call until killed by the enemy. In 1855 the 1st Battalion
was moved to the Crimea, and was present at the capture of
Sevastopol ; since then it has twice served in India, where it
again went in October, 1892.
In July, 1889, the 1st Battalion, while stationed at the
Tower of London, had the honour of being presented with new
colours by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, in the presence of a
most distinguished company of visitors, including, among
ri-481
others, H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge, then the Field
Marshal Commanding-in-Chief.
The 2nd Battalion returned from New Zealand early in
1859, and had new colours presented on the 10th May, 1860 ;
these colours have the distinction of being the last British
colours carried in action. After a tour of service in India
and at home the 2nd Battalion proceeded to South Africa in
1879, and fought against the Zulus at the battle of Ulundi on
the 4th July in that year, when King Cetewayo was finally
defeated.
In the latter part of 1880 and early in 1881 the 2nd Battalion
had various encounters with the Boers in the Transvaal.
Two companies were besieged in Wakkerstroom, where
Private James Osborne gallantly and at great personal risk,
rescued a wounded comrade from the enemy ; for this service
he was awarded the distinction of the Victoria Cross. Another
company was besieged at Standerton. The remaining live
companies fought at Laing's Nek on the 26th January, 1881,
where they most stubbornly attempted to dislodge the enemy
from an almost impregnable position, only retiring when
one-third of their numbers were killed or wounded ; their
conduct is described as follows in the official despatch of the
General Commanding.:
" * * * but to the last the men were perfectly in hand,
cheerful, and ready to fight on. They only fell back when
further fighting was hopeless and the order given to retire,
and then moved down the hill leisurely, not a man running
to save himself from the heavy fire which followed them
down."
Lieutenant Hill, for his gallant conduct at Laing's Nek,
was awarded the Victoria Cross, and Sergeant-Major Murray
the Distinguished Conduct Medal.
Lieutenant Hill and Sergeant-Major Murray had the further
distinction of being personally decorated by Queen Victoria at
Windsor.
432
Two companies of the 2nd Battalion fought at Majuba Hil
and again lost heavily.
The Northamptonshire Regiment was next represented i
the Tirah Expedition of 1897. Much hard service was exper
enced by the 1st Battalion in the course of this campaign, bot
from the natural features of the country and the determine-
opposition offered by the warlike tribes on our Indian Frontiers
The regiment was present at the storming of the Darga
heights, and at the capture of the Sampagha and Arhang
passes, besides other minor actions, and in recognition of it
services received the medal and clasps and the inscriptio
" Tirah " for the colours.
Then followed the South African Campaign of 181)9-190:;
in which the regiment had an opportunity of meeting again thei
opponents of some 20 years before, and this time with a mor
satisfactory result.
The 2nd Battalion of the regiment formed part of the fore
which advanced from the Orange River under Lord Methuei
to relieve Kimberley, and on the 23rd November, 1899, fount
itself in front of the Boer position at Belmont.
This position consisted of a double line of hills which barrei
the way to Kimberley, and on the ridges of these hills the Boer
lay hidden among the boulders and rocks, waiting for th
advance to come within the ranges of their rifles.
Despite the hot fire which the Boers maintained almost to th<
last, the various hills were gallantly rushed, and the Boer
driven off with a loss of some 200 men after an engagemen
lasting four hours.
The British force moved forward on the following day to b<
confronted with a similar state of affairs at Enslin some 1(
miles further on. The Northamptonshire and other regiment
drove the Boers from the trenches on the right while the Nava
Brigade carried the other part of the position, though witl
considerable loss.
Two companies of the Northamptonshire Regimen'
48:3
were left under Captain Godley to protect Enslin Railway
Station, and on the 8th December, Commandant Prinsloo
with 1,000 mounted Boers and two guns suddenly attacked them
in order to destroy the line and capture the stores they guarded.
Notwithstanding the very superior force of the enemy, the
companies of the Northamptonshire Regiment successfully
resisted all their efforts until reinforcements arrived from
Lord Methuen, when the Boers retreated. Captain Godley
was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for this defence.
Cronje, the Boer General, had meanwhile come down from
Mafeking with his force and had largely reinforced the Boers,
with the result that Lord Methuen and his army found them-
selves confronted by a still more difficult task at the battle of
the Modder River on the 28th November.
With the utmost skill Cronje assisted by De La Rey, had taken
advantage of every fold of the ground to conceal his riflemen
and guns, and when the British force came within range it was
met by such a tempest of bullets that further progress was
impossible. For some hours this state of things continued,
a heavy fire being maintained on both sides, but eventually
a part of Lord Methuen's force crossed the river and established
themselves to the left of the Boer position, where they remained
until night put an end to the fight. On the next morning it was
found that the Boers had abandoned their position. The
battalion acted as Baggage Guard during this fight.
This third battle within a week made it necessary to suspend
operations for a while until reinforcements arrived, as about
1,000 of Lord Methuen's force had been killed and wounded,
and a certain number had been left to guard his line of com-
munication as he advanced.
On the llth December, the battle of Magersfontem was
fought, Although severely handicapped at the outset of the
action by the disaster to the Highland Brigade, the utmost
exertions were made to drive the Boers from their formidable
defences, but they were too strong, and when night fell, Lord
484
Methuen, finding that he had lost another thousand men
retired with his force to their camp, where he prepared to sta;
until a favourable opportunity presented itself to renew hi
efforts. The Northamptonshire Regiment was in the reserve
and on the night of the fight furnished the outposts of th
9th Brigade.
The battalion remained in front of Magersfontein until Lor<
Roberts's flank marches compelled the evacuation of tha
position by the Boers, and it was occupied by the Northampton
shire Regiment on the 18th February, 1900. The battalio:
then proceeded to Dronfield, North of Kimberley, where i
was joined by the Service Company of the 1st Voluntee
Battalion, consisting of 3 Officers and 112 other ranks.
From there the battalion accompanied the 9th Brigade
operating on the left flank of Lord Roberts's force, which wa
then advancing on the Vaal from Bloemfontein, and it wouL
have taken part in the advance from the Vaal on Pretoria, bu
for the activity of General De Wet on the lines of communi
cation of the main army.
For several weeks the battalion was employed with Lori
Methuen's force, in keeping the Boers under De Wet fror
attacking the lines of communication, and was present in th
successful action at Honing Kopje and Rhenoster River o:
the 12th Juue, 1900.
In July of the same year the battalion was sent up to th
Transvaal, and for some considerable time was engaged in th
operations in the Western Transvaal, being present at th
action of Oliphants Nek in July, 1900. In August, the battalioi
took part in the pursuit of General De Wet, who had beei
driven from the Orange Free State into the Transvaal.
The pursuit was taken up at the Vaal and continued up t
the Magaliesberg Mountains. The battalion was present ii
four engagements during the pursuit, and covered the distant
of 198 miles in nine days, including one day's halt, justl;
earning high praise from Lords Roberts and Kitchener.
485
The battalion was then sent with the remainder of the 9th
Brigade to Mafeking to refit. The 9th Brigade was then divided
up into two columns, working in conjunction, under Lord
Methuen, and the battalion supplied half a battalion to each
column. These columns moved to the relief of Sweizer Keneke,
and after this was effected, marched to Kustenberg, and was
engaged for some time operating against General Delarey,
defeating Generals Lemmer, Botha, and Vermass near Zeerust,
on the 25th October, 1900.
The columns afterwards marched to Klerksdorp, where the
9th Brigade, to the regret of all ranks, ceased to be a unit in
December, 1900, after thirteen months' continual association in
the field.
After three months' garrison duty at Klerksdorp and in the
neighbourhood, the battalion concentrated at Pretoria, and on
a move northwards, on the Pretoria-Pietersberg line, being
decided upon, was sent to Nylstroom, and for the next eight
months was employed guarding the lines of communication
north and south of that place.
During this period several companies were continually,
operating with columns in the Waterberg district.
In February, 1902, the Headquarters were moved to
Pietersberg, where they remained till peace was declared.
Meanwhile companies were detached to assist columns
moving in the Leydsdorp and Spelonker districts.
During the war the battalion furnished a Mounted Infantry
Company, which did good service, especially in the Standerton
and Bethel Districts.
The following shows the casualties of the battalion during
the war :
Killed in action 15.
Wounded 6 officers and 49 N.C.O. and men.
Died of disease 71.
Invalided 427.
The militia and volunteers of the regiment also took an active
486
part in the campaign. The 3rd Battalion volunteered for service
and proceeded to South Africa on the 8th April, 1902, and aftei
giving useful service on the line of communications returned
home on the 20th September. The volunteers also furnished
a service company which shared the duties of its regular com-
rades with much credit.
The following soldiers of the Northamptonshire Regiment
have won special distinction for gallant conduct while on active
service.
The Victoria Cross.
Boer War, 1881. Lieutenant A. R. Hill, for gallanl
conduct on 28th January, 1881, at Laings Nek, in assisting 2
wounded brother officer. Private James Osborne, for gallanl
conduct on 22nd February, 1881, in rescuing a wounded
comrade at Wakkerstroom under a heavy fire.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Zulu War, 1879. Colour-Sergeant J. Phillips, Private
Walkinshaw.
Boer War, 1881. Sergeant-Major C. Murray, Sergeant W
Bridgstock, Private C. Godfrey.
Tirah Campaign, North-West Frontier of India, 1897-98.
Sergeant W. Anderson, Lance-Sergeant A. W. Guy, Corpora
C. Gray, Lance-Corporal J. Chambers.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Quarter-master-Ser
geant H. Cole ; Colour-Sergeants A. Goodman, H. M. Walker
Lance-Corporal C. Rumble ; Privates F. A, Clarke, C. Hall
J. Kidd and D. Thistle-
GOD SAVE THE KING.
PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S
(THE ROYAL BERKSHIRE REGIMENT).
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Dragon, superscribed " CHINA."
" EGMONT-OP-ZEE," " COPENHAGEN," " DOURO," " TALAVERA," " ALBUHERA,"
"VlTTORIA," "PYRENEES," " NlVELLE," " NlVE," " ORTHES," "PENINSULA,"
" QUEENSTOWN," "ALMA," " INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "KANDAHAR, 1880,"
"AFGHANISTAN, 1879-30," "EGYPT, 1882," " SUAZIN, 1885," " TOFREK,"
" SOUTH AFHIOA, 1899-1902."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters BEADING,
MILITIA
3rd Battalion Rojal Berkshire Regiment
Reading.
VOLUNTEER BATTALION
1st Volunteer Battalion Royal Berkshire Regiment .. .. Reading.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOS His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY GIF.CB,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PBINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, froia
WYAIAN AXD SONS, LTD., FETTER LANK, K.C., or
OUVKIl AXD BOYD, EDIVBUKGW ; or
E. POXSOXBY, 116, GBAFTO.N STREBP, DUBLIN.
489
PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S
(The Royal Berkshire Regiment),
UNDER the territorial arrangement of regiments the 49th
(Hertfordshire) Regiment, and 66th (Berkshire) Regiment
were, in 1881, united under the title of the Berkshire Regi-
ment.
The 1st Battalion was raised in 1714, and after bearing the
title of " Jamaica Volunteers," was first numbered 49th of the
line in 1743.
The 2nd Battalion was raised about 1730, and was formerly
the 2nd Battalion of the 19th Regiment, and was enrolled as
the 66th of the line in 1758.
The regiment first saw active service in America during
the War of Independence in 1775, at Bunker's Hill and Brandy-
wine, and thus early nobly distinguished itself, for we read
that for gallantry on these occasions the flank companies
were ordered to be distinguished ; the Grenadiers, by wearing
black tops to their feathers, and the light companies red
hackles. In 1796 was fought the action at Port-au-Prince,
followed by the occupation of San Domingo.
In 1799 the regiment embarked for Holland, and was
engaged at Egmont-op-Zee, which name King George III. was
graciously pleased to direct to be placed on the colours to
commemorate the victory gained there.
A few years of peace now intervened, but on the 10th March,
1809, the regiment left England to take part in the glories,
hardships, and privations of the Peninsular War, and landed
near Lisbon on the 6th April.
On the 10th of the next month it assisted at the crossing of
the Douro and capture of Oporto, henceforth being authorised
(o wear " Douro " on its colours.
2 i 2
490
On the 28th July the regiment took part in the victory of
" Talavera," losing on that day 16 officers and 83 men, and in
the September of the following year its colours waved trium-
phantly on the field of " Busaco."
On the IGth May, 1811, it fought at the battle of Albuhera :
and here both officers and men gave their lives freely to secure
victory for their country, as we read that this regiment was
400 strong at the commencement of the action, but that only
53 bayonets mustered on the morning after the battle ; 17
officers and 311 men being killed or wounded. On the 17th
November the regiment fought in the action at Arroyo dos
Molinos.
While one portion of the regiment was earning glory in
the Peninsula, fighting bravely at " Vittoria," " Nivclle,"
" Orthes," and " Toulouse," and winning unstinted praise
from the great Duke of Wellington, the other was doing stern
duty in America, and under the noble Sir Isaac Brock fought
and won at Queenstown, and in 1813 again distinguished
itself at " Stony Creek," and " Christofer's Farm." On the
return of the regiment to England permission was received
from the Prince Regent to inscribe on the colours the names of
"Queenstown," "Peninsula," " Douro," "Talavera,"
" Albuhera," " Vittoria," " Nivelle," " Nive," and " Orthcs,"
as a testimony of the noble services of the regiment at these
places.
In the same year a battalion of the regiment embarked
for St. Helena, and remained there until the death of the
great Napoleon ; the Grenadier companies of the regiment
assisting to carry to the grave the remains of this wonderful
and celebrated man.
The next war service on which it embarked was in 1840,
when it proceeded from Calcutta to China, and on the 25th
May, 1841, successfully attacked and captured the heights
above Canton, showing conspicuous gallantry and courage.
This success was followed by others at Chinhae, Ningpo,
Saignan, Chefoo, Woofun and Chinghanfoo. For these
distinguished and brilliant services Her Majesty was p] cased
to authorise the wearing on the colours, " China," and the
device of the Dragon.
On the 7th April, 1854, the regiment embarked from Ireland
to take its share of the honours and glories that were to follow
on the arduous duties and well-endured privations of the
Crimean War. The regiment landed in the Crimea on the 14th
September, and on the 20th engaged in the battle of the " Alma,"
491
on the 26th arrived in front of Balaklava, and a few days after
was posted on the heights of Inkerman, to take its part in that
glorious soldiers' victory on the 5th of November. Throughout
the long wintry days the regiment shared with noble fortitude
the perils and privations of the trenches before Sevastopol, and
when victory crowned our arms, Her Majesty was pleased to
command that the words " Alma," " Inkerman," and " Sevas-
topol," should be placed on the colours in commemoration of
the conduct of the regiment.
A long period of peaceful service ensued, and it was not until
February, 1879, that the regiment was again called into the
field of war.
The Afghan campaign was destined to furnish one of the
most glorious pages in the history of the Berkshire Regiment.
After a victory over the Afghans at Girskh, the regiment
occupied the important fortress of Kandahar, which was,
however, speedily threatened by the advance of Ayoub Khan
at the head of an army of 25,000 men. With the usual
recklessness of odds, the British commander at Kandahar
moved out his small force to meet the enemy, and a fierce
battle ensued on the 27th July, which lasted the whole day ;
the odds, however, were too great, and the British General
was obliged to order a retreat to Kandahar. With a despera-
tion worthy of its noble reputation, the 66th Foot, now 2nd
Battalion Royal Berkshire Regiment, had contested for victory,
and now that defeat was certain their courage rose still higher ;
in detached groups they covered the retreat of the rest of the
British force, and no less than 10 officers and 275 of its gallant
soldiers were killed. Although no friendly eye saw them as
they fought their last fight, it was afterwards told by the
Afghans themselves, that so nobly did the last group of this
gallant regiment face death that even when the last survivor
fell before the murderous fire, the Afghans were afraid to
approach lest one of the dreaded soldiers should still live. Well
might it be stated in the official despatch that " History records
no finer instance of devotion to Queen and country than that
displayed by the Berkshire Regiment at the battle of Maiwand."
The memorable march of Sir Frederick Roberts from Cabul
to Kandahar gave the survivors of the regiment a chance of
avenging their comrades, and, joining the force from Cabul,
they drove Ayoub Khan and his army in headlong rout before
them.
In 1882 the regiment was again actively employed, under
Lord Wolseley, in Egypt, and took their full share of the
492
fatigues and duties of the campaign, being constantly employed
on outpost duties.
The Soudan in 1885 was to be the next scene of active
work for the gallant Berkshires and the regiment landed at
Suakin in January of this year. On the 20th March, the regi-
ment was engaged in the victory at Hasheen, and on the 22nd,
when engaged in making a zariba, the force, under General
McNeill, of which this regiment formed a part, was suddenly
attacked by the full strength of the enemy. Absolute steadi-
ness, obedience to orders, and coolness alone served on this
eventful Sunday. Hidden by the long grass the Arabs, with
spear and sword, rushed into the midst of the British force,
stabbing and cutting as they went ; the least hesitation and
the whole force must have died to a man. In a moment,
however, at the first note of danger, the Berkshire men threw
themselves into detached squares and groups, forming a
refuge for fugitives, and a noble example to the rest of the force.
Before their resolute bearing and withering fire the Arabs
were forced to fly, and what otherwise would have been a
terrible catastrophe, the steadiness of the Berkshire men made
a complete victory. For their doings on this memorable day
Her Majesty Queen Victoria bestowed on the regiment the
title of " Eoyal," and as a consequence the facings of the regi-
ment became royal blue, and " Suakin " and " Tofrek " were
added to the colours. In May, the regiment left Suakin and
arrived in due course at Cairo, only to be called on again to
face the Dervish force now advancing from Dongola.
In October the regiment started up the Nile and across
the desert, and took part in the action of Giniss, and subsequent
pursuit of the enemy.
On the actual outbreak of the Boer War in 1899 the 2nd
battalion was in the Cape Colony, and its first duty was to
protect the enormous accumulation of stores at De Aar. It was
subsequently placed under the orders of General Gatacre, who
had the difficult task of protecting a large district from
invasion, and of keeping down sedition in the colony itself.
It continued its laborious operations under General French,
who, in the operations around Colesberg, successfully stemmed
the Boer invasion of Cape Colony, but at the cost of much hard
work on the part of his troops, to say nothing of the smart
skirmishes and reconnaissances by which the Boers were made
to keep their distance. The defence of Rensburg, and
especially the night attack on McCracken's Hill (named after
the present Officer Commanding the 2nd Battalion, then in
493
command of a half-battalion), is thus reported by Lieutenant
General Sir J. French :
' The Lieutenant-General Commanding the Division cannot
quit Rensburg without recording his high appreciation of the
gallantry and conduct displayed by you and the half -battalion
under your command throughout the present operations.
' The night attack by which McCracken's Hill was seized and
held on the 1st January was an object lesson as to how such
operations should be conducted, and reflects the greatest credit
on the regiment. The subsequent endurance and tenacity shown
by all ranks in maintaining the position in the face of danger
and privation is beyond all praise.
' The Lieutenant- General has fully expressed his opinions
of this conduct in his official despatches to the Field-Marshal
Commander-in-Chief in South Africa, and requests you will
publish in Battalion Orders this memorandum and cause it to
be read on parade."
On the departure of General French with most of
the mounted troops for the relief of Kimberley, his task
at Colesburg was taken up by General Clements. The
Boers were reinforced while our troops were reduced in number,
and it therefore became necessary to concentrate our force at
Arundel. Here, notwithstanding the great disparity of
numbers, General Clements and his troops succeeded in holding
off the Boers until the success of Lord Roberts' operations
brought about their retirement. Much credit; is due to the
Berkshires and their comrades for their exertions in this phase
of the campaign, as any failure on their part to prevent the
Boers from over-running Cape Colony would have meant the
destruction of Lord Roberts' lines of communication, the
capture of his stores, and the consequent failure of his plans.
Although it did not fall to the lot of the regiment to take
part in any of the more serious engagements of the war, it was
called upon nevertheless to perform duties as harassing and
trying as those of any unit in South Africa.
Sir Conan Doyle, in speaking of the force under Sir Ian
Hamilton at a later stage of the war, says : " This excellent
little army consisting of Mahon's and Pilcher's Mounted
Infantry, ' M ' Battery, Royal Horse Artillery ; the Elswick
Battery, two 5-inch and two 4' 7 guns ; with the Berkshires,
the Border Regiment, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders,
and the Scottish Borderers, put in as much hard work in march-
ing and in fighting as any body of troops in the whole campaign."
The total losses of the regiment during the war were 2 officers
494
and 103 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of wounds,
disease, &c. ; and 5 officers and 93 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The reservists of the militia battalion and a service company
furnished by the volunteers, joined the battalion during the
war, and shared the hardships and dangers of their regular
comrades with a spirit which was in every way worthy of the
forces they represented.
The following list of soldiers of the Eoyal Berkshire Regi-
ment who have won special distinctions for acts of gallantry
on the battlefield, bears eloquent testimony to the spirit which
has always animated this distinguished regiment.
The Victoria Cross.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Lieutenant J. A. Conolly,
Sergeant G. Walters, Corporal J. Owens.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Private W. House.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeants J. Odell, W. Grundy,
B. French ; Corporals J. Campbell (No. 2304), J. Campbell (No.
2323), T. McDonald; Privates J. Johnston, W. Spriggs, J.
Deslands, H. Rogers, P. Burke, J. Tierney, J. Sable, J. Kinolty,
J. Butler, and S. Humphries.
Battle of Maiwand, Afghan Campaign, 1880. Sergeant
F. Lovell ; Lance-Corporals J. Martin, F. Williams ; Privates
E. Battle, C. Kidgell, W. Clayton.
Girishk, Afghan Campaign, 1880. Private J. Pike.
Soudan Campaign, 1885-6. Colour-Sergeant R. P. Cloke ;
Sergeants J. Norton, J. O'Donnell ; Private T. Holmden.
Hasheen and Tofrek, Soudan, 1887. Sergeant- Major W. T.
Mathieson.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Colour-Sergeants
S. Ley, H. Ansley, H. E. Jordan, J. Sawyer ; Sergeants A. B.
Bloomfield, J. Payne, H. Reynolds, F. Tuttle ; Pioneer Sergeant
J. Hurley ; Corporal A. E. Salsbury ; Lance-Corporals A.
Brookes, H. A. Collins ; Privates J. Emmens and G. Gibbons.
GOD SAVE THE KING
THE QUEEN'S OWN
Royal WestKfinl ; Regiment,
MOTTO :
" Quo Fas et Gloria ducunt."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT,"
"VlMIERA," " CORUNNA," "ALMARAZ," " VlTTORIA," "PYRENEES," " NlVE,"
" ORTHES," "PENINSULA," " PUXNIAR," " MOODKEE," " FEROZESHAB," " ALIWAL, '
" SOBRAON," "ALMA," " INKERMAN," " SEVASTOPOL," " LUCKNOW," "NEW ZEALAND,'
"EGYPT, 1882," " NILE, 1884-85," "SociH AFRICA, 1900-02."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters MADSTONE,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (West Kent Militia) Maidstone.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st . . . . . . Tonlridge.
2nd Blackheath.
3rd 10, Beresford Street, Woolwich.
4th . . Chatham.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONEVT OFFICB,
BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
\VYMAX AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, B.C., or
OLIVKR AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. PONSOXI3Y, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DOBLIW.
497
ROYAL WEST KENT REGIMENT
(FORMERLY THE SOTH AND 97111 REGIMENTS).
IT has been well said by one who was writing a brief history of
the county, that the grand historical record of the men of Kent,
" Invicta," the unconquered, finds a fitting reflection in the
long roll of victories emblazoned on the colours of that essen-
tially county corps, " The Queen's Own " (Koyal West Kent
Regiment), and that the warlike spirit which in the past
animated the Kentish men displays itself at the present time
whenever this most distinguished corps is called upon to show
its devotion to Queen and country.
" The Queen's Own " (Royal West Kent Regiment) now
consists of two Line and one Militia, with four affiliated Volun-
teer battalions. The first will be discussed in detail, whilst it
may be said of the Militia battalion, that, under its former title
of the West Kent Light Infantry, it bore a reputation second
to none, gained during many a period of embodiment, when
both officers and men had to endure hardships and show their
498
devotion to duty under circumstances which would test
qualities of the best line regiments.
Both they and the Volunteer battalions are essentially
the county of Kent, and thejact that men of the Militia E
Volunteers who enter the line almost invariably choose tl
county Eegiment speaks volumes for the esprit de corps wh
animates the Regiment as a whole.
The present " Queen's Own " Regiment dates back as far
1756. At this time the Seven Years' War was occupying 1
attention of all Europe, but " The Queen' s^Own " was allot
only garrison duties till 1760, when it joined the army
Germany under Prince Ferdinand, and was engaged in sevt
affairs with the French, returning to England on peace be
signed in 1763. The British troops in this war, in which m
of the nations of Europe were engaged, gained even from fore
critics the foremost reputation for hardihood and courage
reputation which they placedjaeyond dispute by their lot
on the battlefield. In 1776 the Regiment was ordered to No
America, about the time the Colonists issued their declarat
of independence, but saw no fighting at that period. Jv
1778, found it serving with the fleet under Admiral Kepj
when the regiment assisted in the attack on the French fleet
Ushant.
On the declaration of war against the French Republic,
1793, the regiment saw service in Corsica, and took a prornin
part in the capture of the two Martello towers, the storming
the Conventional Redoubt, the blockade of Bastia until its s
render, and the long and successful siege of Calva ; receiv
the particular thanks of the Commander of the Forces for
services. On the 8th March, 1801, the West Kent landed
Egypt, at Aboukir Bay, and saw much hard fighting under
Ralph Abercromby, and in those memorable actions wh
resulted in the total defeat of the French. In consideration
its distinguished services in Egypt, His Majesty King Geo:
499
III approved of the figure of the Sphinx, with the word " Egypt,"
being borne on the colours and appointments. Returning to
England, the regiment sailed, in 1807, with the expedition to
Copenhagen, served at the siege of that town with great dis-
tinction, receiving special notice for its gallantry in resisting a
sortie of the enemy. The following year it entered Portugal,
with Sir Arthur Wellesley, when that General began his struggle
against the hitherto invincible power of Napoleon. At Vimiera
the first reverse was sustained by Napoleon's armies. The
enemy in this battle were considerably stronger than the
British force, and came on to the attack with a spirit and im-
petuosity which had previously won many a victory for them.
A body of 5,000 French infantry attacked the position held by
the West Kent Regiment and the Rifles ; they brushed away
the skirmishers of the Rifles and then came face to face with
the 900 men of the West Kent. Undismayed by the odds
before them, the West Kent men poured in one volley, and then,
before the French had recovered from the shock, dashed for-
ward with the bayonet into the heart of their column, when the
enemy broke and fled in the utmost disorder. Its valour on
this occasion gained especial praise from its great Commander,
and " Vimiera " was added to its colours. In 1809, greatly
outnumbered, the small force under Sir John Moore was forced
back on Corunna, where a hard-fought victory saved the
expedition from annihilation, and the eyes of the glorious
Chief, wounded to death in the battle, were gladdened by the
sight of the advancing colours of the Regiment. In this battle
it was commanded by Major, afterwards Sir Charles, Napier,
who, in his subsequent long career of victories, never forgot the
valour of the Regiment of which he was so proud.
In July, 1809, the West Kent formed part of the Walcheren
expedition, and shortly afterwards proceeded to Portugal.
During the ensuing Peninsular War, maintained by Wellington
against the French, it was always to be found where the
500
struggle was hardest. On the 9th of May, 1812, " The Quee
Own " gave a striking example of its fighting quality. 1
French line of communication ran across the Tagus at Almar
where they had established a bridge of boats, guarded by \\
constructed forts on either side of the river, mounting
pieces of artillery and strongly garrisoned. It was resohv
to destroy this bridge, and a force under Sir Eowland Hill v
detailed for the attack, amongst which was the West K<
Eegiment.
The advance had to be made by narrow mountain pat
and consequently much time was lost ere the scene of acti
was reached, and even then the British Artillery was far in t
rear. Delay would have been fatal, as a powerful French an
was not far off. Sir R. Hill, therefore, determined to rely
the courage of the troops with him, and he accordingly ordei
" The Queen's Own," and a wing of the 71st Regiment,
assault Fort Napoleon with the bayonet. The task \\
accepted with alacrity, and in broad daylight the galla
fellows rushed at the walls and, amid a storm of artille
and musketry fire, planted their ladders, and in spite of
opposition drove the enemy out of the fort with great slaught
Meanwhile, the French troops on the other side of the river h
cut the bridge of boats themselves, and consequently many
the fugitives, in flying from the bayonets of the West Kei
perished in the river. The garrisons of the posts on the oil
side fled in a state of panic, leaving 18 pieces of artille]
a quantity of stores and many prisoners in the hands of t
victors. In his official despatch, Sir Rowland Hill said : '
cannot sufficiently praise the Regiment " ; and the Duke
Wellington wrote, " Too much cannot be said of the bra
officers and men who took by storm, without the assistance
cannon, such works as the enemy's forts on both banks of t
Tagus, fully garrisoned, in good order, and defended by
pieces of artillery."
501
The Regiment was present at the repulse of the enemy before
Bejar, February, 1813, and in June of the same year it parti-
cularly distinguished itself in the memorable battle of Vittoria,
as it did in all the actions of the Pyrenees and especially so
at the passage of the Nive. At Bayonne its steadiness was
conspicuously displayed in repulsing the determined attack
of the French, and it suffered much loss. It also took part in
the actions of Orthes in February, and Toulouse in April, 1814,
when the victorious army of Wellington scattered the remnant
of Soult's force. This protracted war added " Almaraz,"
" Vittoria," " Pyrenees," " Nive," " Orthes," and " Peninsula,"
to the Regimental colours.
Returning to England on the cessation of hostilities, the
Regiment was for some years allowed to rest upon its laurels,
and in 1831 the Duke of Clarence conferred upon it the title of
the Duke of Clarence's Regiment, in place of the West Kent ;
and when he afterwards ascended the throne as William IV
commanded it to be styled " The Queen's Own Regiment," a
title borne to this day. The facings were consequently changed
from black to blue at the same period.
Arriving in India in 1841 from New South Wales, it again,
in 1843, saw active service, being engaged with the main
Army under Sir Hugh Gough at the battle of Punniar. The
Regiment, forming on the crest of a hill, charged down upon
the enemy in a brilliant manner, driving them before it at
the point of the bayonet, taking their guns, and putting a
finish to the victory of Punniar ; here and at Gwalior adding
new lustre to the reputation gained in the Peninsular War, as
stated in General Orders on the occasion. Again in the thick
of the struggle in 1845, under Sir Hugh Gough, at Moodkee,
it steadily advanced under a heavy fire of grape and round
shot, and greatly helped in the enemy's defeat. Then followed
the British victories of " Fero7p?bah," " Aliwal," and " Sob-
raon," all of them 6ghts against desperate odds, especially
502
at Sobraon, when, coming up in support of the first line, which
was in full retreat, the Regiment, true to itself and to its famous
reputation, advanced with a stunning cheer, rushed forward tc
the trenches, and met the enemy in a hand-to-hand fight, whilst
the latter, with unabated courage, still contested the possession
of the position, and it was not until after a severe struggle
that the Regiment disposed of its foes. It is not too much to
say that " The Queen's Own " won the battle by this charge.
As instances of the many acts of bravery by men of " The
Queen's Own " at the battle of Sobraon, when the firing was
heaviest, a Sikh officer rushed forward waving a colour, and
encouraging the men he was shot, and another Sikh snatched
it up and he was also shot when Private Leonard Hale, ol
the 50th Regiment, dashed forward, seized the colour, waved
it over liis head, and returned to his Company.
Corporal Johnson, of the Grenadier Company, of the 50th
" Queen's Own," on December 21st, 1845, captured two Sikh
colours at the battle of Ferozeshah. He had some hard
fighting, being surrounded by the enemy, and having to use
his bayonet.
On the outbreak of the Crimean War, in 1854, the Regiment
e.ml>;i.rkcd for the scene of action, and the words on its colours,
' Alnui," ' Inkerman," and " Sevastopol," testify to the part
it took in the struggle. At the assault on the Redan the West
Kent, was specially selected to form the attacking column, and
at every place where danger was greatest the gallantry of the
Regiment was always conspicuous.
Sailing in August, 1858, for Calcutta, it saw service in the
actions of Nusrutpore and Sultanpore, and joined the main
A iiny before Lucknow under Sir Colin Campbell, sharing in
I In- assault and capture of that place, and winning " Lucknow "
for the Kcgimrntal colours.
The next campaign shared in by the Regiment was that in
18(>1, against the Maoris, in New Zealand, where it took a
503
prominent part in the operations and routed the enemy on
more than one occasion.
In 1880 the regiment left England for Natal, and formed
part of the Frontier Field Force, returning homo in 1882.
In August of that year it proceeded to Egypt, where it served
throughout the campaign of that year, as well as in the Nile
Expedition of 1884 and 1885 for the relief of General Gordon
at Khartoum, receiving the highest commendation from Lord
Wolselcy, and adding to its long list of honours the words
" Egypt, 1882," and " Nile, 1884 and 1885."
In August, 1897, the Regiment left Peshawar for service
on the North-West Frontier, and joined the Malnkhand Field
Force under Sir Bindon Blood. It took a prominent part in
the attack and capture of the t.ril>e,snif>n'B positions n,t, Landakui
in the Swat Valley.
In September it proceeded to reinforce General Jeffreys'
Brigade in South Bajour, where it fought several severe
engagements with the Mahmunds. On peace being restored on
that part of the frontier it was employed with the expedition
against the Bonerwals, and was present at the attack nml
capture of the Tanga Pass, 8th January, 1898.
Early in 1900 the Regiment proceeded to South Africa to
take part in the campaign against the Boers. It formed a
part of the 81 li I h vision under tlie romni.'md of Sir Leslie I! urn lie,
K.C.B.
This division had in the early phases of the campaign a most
difficult task. In a series of mountainous fastnesses were
some 8,000 or 10,000 Boers, relics of the Orange Free
State army under Prinsloo, De Wet, and other enterprising
leaders. With a force hardly more numerous, and often half-
starved, General Rundle had the task of keeping them from
breaking through to the south of the Colony, and notwith-
standing that the Boers knew every inch of the country the
division performed its duty most succesHfully. Every attempt
2 K
504
the enemy made was foiled and in the end the Boers were held
fast until, with the help of other British columns, Genera]
Prinsloo and over 4,000 men were forced to surrender as
prisoners of war. The Regiment shared in the action at
Biddulphsburg fought amidst great grass fires, and subsequent
operations leading up to the surrender of Prinsloo. Speaking
of the work of the 8th Division, Sir Conan Doyle says :
" No soldiers in all that great host deserve better of their
country."
In the latter phases of the campaign the Regiment was chiefly
occupied in guarding the blockhouse lines in the north of the
Orange River Colony, but detachments were frequently
employed with the various columns which operated throughout
the country.
For the first time in the records of the Regiment, the service
battalion was augmented by three separate companies from the
volunteer battalions of the Regiment. They served with the
Regiment during the campaign, and formed an integral part of it.
The losses of the Regiment during the war amounted to 2
officers, 110 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died 'oi
wounds, disease, &c., and 1 officer, 46 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
A stained glass window was erected in All Saints' Church,
Maidstone, by the Regiment, to the memory of those who
fell, and a brass tablet beneath it records their names.
During the South African War the 3rd Battalion was
embodied, and after serving at Chatham, was the first militia
battalion to embark for service abroad, and as it was not then
the intention of sending militia or volunteers to the seat of
war, the 3rd Battalion was stationed at Malta in January,
1900, where it remained until June, 1901. Whilst at Malta, the
battalion sent a detachment of mounted infantry to the war,
consisting of 20 N.C.O. and men, one of whom was killed, one
died of disease, and two wounded.
505
The following soldiers of the West Kent Regiment have won
special distinctions for acts of courage on the field of
battle :
The Victoria Cross.
During the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Brevet Major C. H.
Lumley, Sergeant J. Coleman.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Quarter-master-Sergeants T.
Clifford, J. Duncalf ; Colour-Sergeant G. Kent ; Sergeants
J. Burgess, J. Cusack ; Corporals W. Fahey, J. Golding, A.
O'Leary, R. Rodgers, S. Boon, W. Brazier, D. Farrell, R. Green ;
Privates E. Cade, J. Moran, P. O'Brien (No. 1599), P. O'Brien
(No. 3042), J. Quinn, J. Walsh, J. Wait, D. Flynn, J. Daniels,
A. Grant, J. Bryant, C. Bird, R. Clarkson, J. Eyres, J. Jennett,
J. Martin, W. Rag, J. Riley, J. Smith ; Drummer G. Adams.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Quarter-master-Sergeant M.
Saddler.
Soudan Campaign, 1885-6. Privates T. Ralph, H. Simpkin,
R. Harridine.
North- West Frontier of India, 1897. Colour-Sergeant W. J.
Willis, Lance-Corporal J. McGee, Private C. Collins.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Colour-Sergeant H. Sheppard.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Colour-Sergeants B. H.
Grellier, E. J. A. Bullock, L. F. A. Redderson, F. Grey, A. G.
Wood; Sergeant T. C. Dorrell ; Lance-Corporals E. Humphreys,
G. J. Huntley ; Private F. Jupp.
Specially Promoted for Gallantry.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Corporal T. Dorrell,
Private J. Bowman.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
2 K 2
THE KING'S OWN
Yorkshire Light Infantry,
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
MivrEN." "CORUXXA." "FuEXTE* D'OxoR," "SALAMANCA," ' VITTORIA."
PYRENEES," " XIVELLE," " ORTHFS," ' PEXIXSUXA," " WATERLOO,'' " PEGU,"'
An MA?JID," AFGHA.MSIAX. 1878-80," "BURMA, I5io-i;." SOUTH AFR:
H99-19C'2." "iloDDEB HrrzB."
REGIMENTAL BADGE AND MOTTO.
The White Rose.
Cede .Yu
UX [FORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters PONTEFRAOT,
MILITIA.
3rd BattaHou (1st West York Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALION.
l=t King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry
- ifract.
WakeJMd.
L -V D X :
PB.IKTED FO His M\/~> ~T'?
BY UAKLIISOK AKD Sj.VS. ST MARTIVS
PELSTESJ w OSDISAST TO His MAJESTT.
And tu '* is 1. e ; tber directly or through anv Bwkssller, from
W I'M AN' AN'D SONS. LTD.. FETTES LA.VE. E.G., or
OMVKR AND BOYD, EDIXB-SGH : or
. PO^SUNBr, 116, GsArros STKKBT, DCBLW.
509
The King's Own
YORKSHIRE LIGHT INFANTRY.
THIS regiment consists of two line battalions, formerly the
51st King's Own Light Infantry, and the 105th Madras Light
Infantry, together with a 3rd or Militia battalion, the old
1st West York Rifles, to which is joined a Volunteer Battalion,
lately the 5th West Riding Volunteer Corps.
The regiment was thus constituted in July, 1881, under the
title of King's Own Light Infantry (South Yorkshire Regiment),
but in June, 1887, Her Majesty Queen Victoria was pleased
to alter the designation to the King's Own Yorkshire Light
Infantry.
At the close of the year 1755 ten new regiments were ordered
to be raised, and the 1st Battalion of the regiment whose
history is here related, was given to Colonel Robert Napier,
its headquarters being established at Exeter, where the Staff
appears first to have been organised. In December of that
year the King directed his Warrant for raising the regiment
to the Marquis of Rockingham and Sir George Saville, Bart.,
M.P. for Yorkshire, and these noblemen transferred the Staff-
to Yorkshire, their native county. A public meeting was held
in Leeds on 16th March, 1756, when all who attended pledged
themselves to use every exertion in providing His Majesty with
a regiment, which, in point of numbers and character of the
men, should be worthy of that county. So well did they fulfil
their promise that within a month, besides filling the ranks
of several other service- worn regiments, the West Riding
gave to His Majesty a corps of 830 men, who from the very
first attracted attention, as a fine body of effective volunteers.
The regiment was raised to serve for three years or during the
war, and was at first numbered 53, but consequent on certain
reductions taking place about that time, a fresh numbering
took place, and Napier's Regiment became the 51st. Colonel
Napier who, at the raising of the regiment, was Adjutant-
General, had served in the 2nd, or Queen's Regiment, and
chose for the new corps, the facings of his old regiment, viz.,
sea-green.
In 1758 the regiment was first ordered to embark for foreign
Bervice, and on 1st August, 1759, formed one of the six British
510
Regiments which took part in the ever memorable Battle of
Minden, the anniversary of which victory is still observed
in the regiment, all ranks wearing roses on that date. At
this battle the English regiments formed but a small part of
the army commanded by the Duke of Brunswick, but their
astonishing courage practically won the battle. The centre and
key of the French position was occupied by many thousands
of French cavalry, counting in its ranks the noblest blood of
France, and justly esteemed at the time as among the finest
cavalry in the world. The position was further protected
by a numerous artillery, and yet the British regiments, not
even waiting an order, moved forward with drums beating
and colours flying against this formidable position ; a cross
fire from the artillery ploughed through their ranks and the
glittering squadrons of the enemy dashed forward to annihilate
these insolent Britons. Waiting, however, till the horses' heads
were within a few paces, our troops crushed the leading squad-
rons with their deadly vollej^s, whilst those in the rear broke and
fled. Again, and again, did the mortified French cavaliers
return to the attack, only to meet with a similar repulse, and our
troops moving steadily onwards brushed the discomfited,
cavalry away from the field, and then turned their attention
to the French and Saxon infantry who ventured to bar their
progress. The regiments who had faced a host of cavalry
were not likely to be stopped by less formidable foes, and the
enemy's foot were rapidly slain or dispersed, and Minden
was won. The losses of the British in this battle were out of
all proportion to those of the other troops engaged, and gained
for the Biitish soldier a reputation which placed him foremost
for courage and discipline among the nations of Europe.
In the words of the Duke of Brunswick, spoken when revisiting
the battle-field of Minden, " It was here that the British
infantry gained immortal glory."
After five years of active service in Germany the Regiment
returned to England and remained at home until 1771, when
it was ordered to Minorca, and was in garrison there until
1782, undergoing all the hardships of the siege of Fort St.
Phillip, by the French and Spanish armies, consisting of
14,000 men, whereas the garrison when finally forced to capitu-
late numbered no more than 960 men, worn out by disease
and scurvy.
The regiment on its return to England numbered only
27'O^.men, and its ranks were again filled up by Leeds men,
\vher'e v .-. it was then quartered. During tha next 25 years
-?r r . i -1 C) /
.-we'! fiiid it serving in different parts of the world. The
511
celebrated Sir John Moore was a regimental officer of the 51st
during this period and commanded it from 1791 to 1796 in
Corsica, where it served with great distinction, after which it
was moved to India for the first time in 1798, whence it pro-
ceeded in 1800 to Ceylon, and took part in the war with the
King of Candy which broke out in 1803.
In 1809 the regiment fought in the celebrated Battle of
Corunna, under General Sir John Moore, their late Colonel,
whose sad death in the- moment of victory deprived his
country of one whom his Sovereign " held up by Proclamation
as an example to the British Army." By a General Order
dated in May, 1809, the regiment was made a Light Infantry
K.~ g iment, in recognition of its gallant, steady and soldierly
bearing during the retreat, and especially at Lugo, preceding
the Battle of Corunna.
The Peninsular War added to the Regiment's colours the
victory at Fuentes d'Onor. At Badajoz the forlorn hope was led
in the first two assaults by Ensign Dyas, of the 51st Foot, but
hard fate denied the regiment the opportunity in sharing in the
final assault and capture ; hence the word Badajoz, though
marked a hundred times on the Regimental roll, is not to be
found on the Colours ; " Salamanca," " Vittoria," the actions
of the " Pyrenees " ; " Nivelle," where Lord Wellington
specially mentioned the services of the regiment, and " Orthes,"
form, however, a list to be indeed proud of. After the
abdication of Buonaparte, it returned to England, but on his
escape from Elba it was atain called into active service, and
landed in Belgium, at the end of March, 1815. At Waterloo
it was on the right of the British position, and all that day par-
ticipated more or less in repelling the attacks on Hougomont.
On April llth, 1821, the regiment received the title of
" King's Own Light Infantry," in addition to the county
title of 2nd Yorkshire West Riding, and the facings were
consequently changed from green to blue.
In 1852 its services in the field were again called into
requisition on war being declared with the King of Burma,
when the 1st Battalion added " Pegu " to the list of battle
honours.
The number 105 was borne by the 2nd Battalion prior to
the amalgamation in 1881. The first 105th Regiment was
raised in 1761, and called the " Queen's Own Highlanders,"
in compliment to the wife of King George III. It was
manded by Colonel David Graeme, and was disbande
1763.
In 1780, Lord Rawdon, Adjutant-General of the
512
forces in America, raised a regiment from his own country-
men in America. This regiment was the 105th Foot, or Royal
Irish Volunteers. They fought gallantly at the battles of
Camden and Hobkirk's Hill, on both occasions losing half
their strength in killed and wounded. The regiment was
disbanded in 1784.
In 1794 a third 105th Foot was raised, under command
of Colonel Gordon Forbes, but was disbanded in 1796. On
29th July, 1839, by order of the president of the Council of
India, the 2nd Madras European Regiment was raised, and
on 15th October, 1839, it was farmed, clothed and armed as
a light infantry regiment, under the title of 2nd (Madras)
European Light Infantry. On 18th June, 1842, Colours bearing
the motto " Cede Nullis " were presented by Major-General
Clement Hill, commanding the Mysore Division, and on the
8th December, the establishment was raised to 12 companies.
In 1858 the title was changed to 2nd Madras Light Infantry,
and in May, 1861, this regiment was incorporated with the
British Army, as the 105th (Madras) Light Infantry. At
Aden, in 1873, it shared in an expedition to repel the advance
into Southern Arabia of the Sultan Abdoolah. This was
successfully accomplished, and the Sultan was made prisoner
together with his son and brother. The 105th Light Infantry
landed in England for the first time in March, 1874, and in 1881
became, with the 51st Light Infantry, the King's Own Light
Infantry (South Yorkshire Regiment).
The 1st Battalion served in the Jowaki expedition of 1877
and took a distinguished part in the arduous campaign in
Afghanistan in 1878-80, including the capture of Ah Mas] id.
In 1886-87 it was fighting in Burma, while in 1890 the 2nd
Battalion took part in the Zhob Valley and Kiderzai
expeditions, under Sir George White, V.C.
On the 20th December, 1897, the 2nd Battalion was ordered
to join the 4th Brigade, Tirah Expeditionary Force, at
Mamanai in the Bara Valley, and arrived there on the 23rd
December. 1897. The battalion suffered severe loss at the
action in the Shin Kamar Pass on the 29th January, 1898.
On this occasion the battalion lost 3 officers killed ; 3 were
wounded, and the casualty list amongst N.C.O. and men
showed 27 killed and 31 wounded, of whom two afterwards
died. The conduct of the battalion in this severe engagement
elicited the warmest praise from General Westmacott who
commanded the brigade.
The 2nd Battalion of the regiment next took a prominent
part in the South African Campaign of 1899-1902.
513
It formed part of the force under the command of Lord
Methuen which advanced from the Orange River on the 22nd
November, 1899, for the relief of Kimberley, and on the next
day fought in the battle of Belmont. This engagement con-
sisted in climbing kopje after kopje in the face of a severe
fire from a well concealed enemy, the Boers discreetly retreating
from one position to another, until the dash and gallantry
of the assault sent them finally galloping off. On the 25th
at Enslin, or Graspan, 10 miles further on, the same work had
to be done again, and again, in spite of severe losses, the Boers
were eventually driven from their lairs among the rocks.
On the 27th the force again moved forward, and the following
day came to the Modder river. Here General Cronje, who
had arrived with reinforcements for the Boers, had, together
with Delarey, prepared a formidable position, so skilfully
concealing his trenches that, until our troops had advanced
well within range, it was thought that the position would not
be defended. A sudden outburst of rifle and gun fire from
the banks of the river, however, revealed the Boer position in
all its strength. A fierce combat ensued which lasted the
whole of the day, in a temperature of 110 degrees in the shade.
Despite their utmost efforts it seemed for some time impossible
for our troops to approach the Boers, so deadly was their fire.
A party of the Yorkshire Light Infantry, however, stormed
a farmhouse which commanded a crossing over the river, and
followed by a mixed body of troops, Colonel Barter of the
regiment managed to secure a position on the other side of
the river, and this success undoubtedly did much to induce
the Boers to evacuate their trenches and retreat during the
night. The Yorkshire Light Infantry may, therefore, fairly
claim a large share in the success of this hard-won fight.
After a few days' rest Lord Methuen again advanced, and on
the llth December fought the battle of Magersfontein.
The disaster which befell the Highland Brigade at the com-
mencement of this engagement practically made success
impossible, but throughout the day ceaseless efforts were
made to drive the Boers from their almost unassailable position.
During the fight the Yorkshire Light Infantry helped to defeat
a determined counter attack which the Boers delivered on
our right flank. When the day closed, Lord Methuen, finding
himself much hampered by his wounded, withdrew his forces
to his camp, to watch for another opportunity.
Meanwhile Lord Roberts had been preparing for the relief
of Kimberley, and while the Yorkshire Light Infantry and
other corps threatened Cronje at Magersfontein, General French
514
swept round the flank of the Boers and relieved Kimberley,
and Cronje awoke to find it was too late to escape, and eventu-
ally surrendered with his array at Paardeberg on the 27th
February.
The Yorkshire Light Infantry, under their untiring com-
mander, were subsequently busily engaged in securing the
tranquillity of the Orange Kiver Colony, and took an active
part in the operations in the Wittebergen. The Boers had to be
driven from one mountain fastness to another, the Yorkshire
Light Infantry more than once earning distinction by the
vigour and success of their attacks, and eventually by the end
of July their efforts were crowned with success. Seeing that
every avenue of escape had been seized and guarded, the Boers
surrendered, and Prinsloo and over 4,000 of his officers and
men became prisoners of war. During the later stage of the
war the regiment had, in common with the rest of the army,
much hard work in the numerous pursuits of, and skirmishes
with, the various scattered Boer commandoes. The most
notable being at Nooitgedacht in December, 1900, where a
severe fight took place, and nothing but the skill of General
Clements and the gallantry of the Yorkshire Light Infantry
and the rest of his little force, saved them from annihilation
by superior numbers.
The losses of the regiment amounted altogether to ( J officers
and 115 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of wounds,
disease &c., and 11 officers, 155 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The ranks of the regiment were strengthened during the wai
by detachments both from the Militia and Volunteers, who
rendered sterling service side by side with the Regular comrades.
Medals for distinguished conduct on the field of battle have
been awarded to the following soldiers of the regiment :
Burmese War, 1886. Private G. R. Jordan.
North West Frontier of India, 1897 Sergeant J. Wigley ;
Privates M. Wynne, D. Kaye, J. Gould.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Sergeant E. A. T. Handley.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Colour-Sergeants
J. J. Cassen, J. Gadie, J. Woodhouse, J. Allen ; Sergeants
J. Moore, W. Sharpin, W. Smith, C. Rotherford ; Lance-
Sergeant W. Jones ; Corporals A. Barker, H. Huttley ; Lance-
Corporal G. Dewsnap ; Privates W. Demaine, G. Miller,
J. Lawn.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
Shropshire Light Infantry,
BADGES AND MOTTO,
The United Red and White Kose. " Ai'.cio fplct-"-!?
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" XlEUFORT," " TOURNAY," " Si, LtTCIA," " TALAVERA," " FUENTES D'OXOE,"
'SALAMANCA," " VITTORIA," " PYRENEES," " XIVELLE," " NIVE," "TOULOUSE,
"PENINSULA," " BLADENSBURO," " ALIWAL," " SOBEAON," " PUNJACB,
" GOOJEKAT," " LUCKNOW," " AFGHANISTAN, 1879-80," " EGYPT, 1882,"
" SCAKIN, 181*5,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1809-1902," " PAARDEBERO."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BLUE.
Depot Headquarters-SEREWSBURY,
MILITIA,
3i-d Battalion (Shropshire Militia)
4th Battalion (Herefordshire Alilitia) ..
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1. 1st Volunteer Battalion Shropshire L.I.
2.2nd ....
3. 1st Herefordshire Eiflc Volunteer Corps . .
Shrewsbury.
Hereford.
Shrewsbury.
Neivport.
Hereford.
L X D N s
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517
TIKCIE ZKIISTG-'S
SHROPSHIRE LIGHT INFANTRY.
THE 1st Battalion, formerly styled the 53rd Foot, was raised
in 1755 by Colonel William Whitmore, of Apley, near Bridg-
north, in Shropshire, and was sent at once to Gibraltar, where
it was quartered until 1768. From 1776 to 1782 it
served under General Burgoyne in North America, and, after
the war, remained in Upper Canada until 1789, when it returned
to England, and was stationed at Bridgnorth to recruit its
numbers.
The present 2nd Battalion, formerly the 85th Foot, was
raised at Buckingham in 1793, by Colonel George Nugent of
the Guards, who was recalled from the army in Flanders for
the purpose. The 1st Battalion served in Flanders under Sir
Ralph Abercromby from 1793 to 1795, gaining for the colours
the distinctions of " Nieuport " and " Tournay."
At the latter of these actions the battalion formed part of
the brigade commanded by Major-General Fox, which gained
for itself the name of " The Fighting Brigade." Speaking of
the conduct of this brigade, the Duke of York stated in his
despatch :
" Nothing could exceed the spirit and gallantry with which
they conducted themselves, particularly in the storming
of the village of Pontechin, which they forced with the bayonet."
518
In 1706 the 1st Battalion gained further honours at St.
Lucia, and in 1799 both battalions served with distinction
in Holland under Sir Ralph Abercromby.
Both battalions also served in Spain and Portugal, under
Lord Wellington, where they took part in the battles of
Talavera, Fueutes d'Onor, Salamanca, Vittoria, Pyrenees,
Nivelle, Xive, and Toulouse.
At the close of the Peninsular War the 2nd Battalion formed
part of an expeditionary force sent to America under com-
mand of Major-General John Ross. The battalion, with the
light companies of the 4th, 21st, and 44th Foot, was formed
into the Light Brigade under its own commanding officer,
Colonel Thornton, and was mainly instrumental in gaining
the victory of Bladensburg, which resulted in the capture
and destruction of the city of Washington, The action is
described in the records as follows :
" On the 24th August, 1814, the Light Brigade arrived
at Bladensburg, a village about five miles from Washington,
near which the American troops were strongly posted, con-
sisting of 8,000 infantry, 700 cavalry, and 22 pieces of artillery.
As soon as the regiment entered Bladensburg the enemy
opened a heavy fire from a battery which covered the bridge
on the main road leading to Washington. Colonel Thornton,
however, at the head of the regiment, charged the bridge
with the bayonet, capturing the battery and 12 pieces of
artillery, and the brigade, continuing its advance, drove the
enemy in all directions, and entered Washington at
10 p.m."
In this action the battalion lost 2 officers, 1 sergeant, and
12 rank and file killed, 11 officers, 2 sergeants, and 51 rank
and file wounded. After the burning of Washington, it
was employed in the operations near New Orleans, and
returned to England in 1815.
In consideration of the services of the 2nd Battalion in
510
Europe and America during the years 1814 and 1815, it was
granted the motto, ' " Aucto splendore resurgo."
After the battle of Waterloo in 1815 there was a long period
of peace ; the regiment was, however, employed in garrisoning
St. Helena while Napoleon was detained there as a prisoner,
and that great General was on many occasions highly com-
plimentary to it. It is recorded that on one occasion Napoleon,
being discontented with Sir Hudson Lowe, who was Governor
of the Island, said :
" I will mess with the officers of the Red Regiment (alludin %
to the colour of the facings, which at the time were red),
they will receive an old soldier hospitably."
The next honours on the colours, " Aliwal," " Sobraon,"
" Punjaub," " Goojerat," were gained in the campaign against
the Sikhs in 1846. At the battle of Aliwal, the 1st Battalion
was ordered to attack and clear with the bayonet the village
of Boondree, which was about 300 yards in front, and full
of the enemy. This was done in gallant style, with the loss
of only 6 killed and 8 wounded. The trifling loss it sustained
was owing to its advancing in double time, and lying down
suddenly about every hundred yards, which so distracted
the enemy's range that scarcely a shot told ; this it
continued to do until it got quite close when it dashed forward
at a run.
In his despatch, Sir Harry Smith, speaking of the battalion,
says : " A young regiment, but veterans in daring, gallantry,
and regularity."
During the Indian Mutiny, 1857-59, the 1st Battalion took
a distinguished part, being engaged, besides many minor actions,
in the storming of the Sikandarbagh and the relief and capture
of Lucknow.
At the attack on the Messhouse at Lucknow, the storming
party was composed of a company of the 90th Foot under
Captain Wolseley (now Lord Wolseley) and a picket of 60
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522
special thanks of the Government for its voluntary services
during the outbreak of plague in that colony. Captain Vesey
died of the plague while engaged in this humane work.
In November, 1899, the 2nd Battalion embarked for South
Africa to take part in the Boer War, and was brigaded in
the 19th Infantry Brigade with the Duke of Cornwall's Light
Infantry, the Gordon Highlanders and the Koyal Canadians,
under General Smith-Dorrien, a brigade which, by its fighting
and marching power, earned a reputation during the campaign
second to none.
After seeing service in the Cape Colony against the rebels and
invaders, the Shropshire men found themselves marching
hard and fast to overtake the Boer General Crouje on his
retreat from Magersfontein. At Paardeberg he was stopped,
and on the 18th February the Boer position was attacked.
The Boers lay in trenches along the river bank hidden by
thick bushes, and to reach them it was necessary to cross an
open plain which was swept by the enemy's fire.
In the fight General Smith-Dorrien's brigade greatly dis-
tinguished itself by the magnificent tenacity of its attack in
spite of heavy losses. By the close of the day the Boers had
been obliged to contract their defences into a position which
made them an easy target for the fierce artillery fire which was
poured into them during the next few days. On the 26th the
19th Brigade was selected to give the finishing stroke, and by
its daring night advance secured a position which commanded
the Boer trenches, with the result that the white flag went up,
and by 6 o'clock in the morning of the 27th February, General
Cronje had surrendered himself a prisoner of war with the whole
of his force.
Advancing with the rest of Lord Roberts' army, the Shrop-
shires were present at the actions at Poplar Grove and Drie-
fontein, and, on the 13th March, Bloemfontein was occupied.
While the army was here being reorganised after its fighting
523
and long marches, De Wet, with some thousands of Boers,
had besieged Wepener, and after being forced to raise the
siege, took up a position at Hout Nek. This position was
gallantly attacked by Kitchener's Horse, supported by Smith-
Dorrien's Brigade, but night fell before the Boers could be
forced away from their trenches. At dawn the next day
(1st May, 1900) fighting recommenced, and the Shropshires,
Gordons and Canadians, by a gallant charge, completed their
work and forced the Boers to fly with heavy loss.
In the advance on Pretoria the battalion again saw fighting
at the Vet Eiver and Zand River, at both of which places the
Boers tried in vain to bar the advance, and the Shropshires
were also present at the actions near Johannesburg and
Pretoria. On the 5th June, with their dusty and war worn
comrades, they marched past Lord Roberts in Pretoria.
After the occupation of Pretoria the battalion was kept
very busy by De Wet, and had a brisk action at Rhenoster,
where the line was being repaired under their protection.
The Boer attack was, however, repulsed, as was also a similar
attempt on a post held by two companies of the regiment a
day or two later.
In July, 1900, the famous 19th Brigade was broken up, and
the battalion was employed with the mobile columns which
were formed to checkmate the guerilla tactics of the Boers.
In taking leave of his brigade, General Smith-Dorrien wrote
as follows :
' The 19th Brigade has achieved a record of which any
infantry might be proud. Since the date it was formed, viz.,
12th February, 1900, it has marched 620 miles, often on half
rations, seldom on full. It has taken part in the capture of
ten towns, fought in ten general engagements, and on 27 other
days. In one period of 30 days it fought on 21 of them and
marched 327 miles. Casualties between 400 and 500, defeats, nil."
On 16th July, the Shropshires were fighting Botha, who
524
attacked their positions without success, losing 100 of his men
in killed and wounded, but on the 31st the Boers managed to
wreck a train, with the result that 13 men of the regiment were
killed and 37 injured.
In November the battalion was attacked while on the march
with a column returning to Belfast, but the Boers were hand-
somely beaten off, two of their leaders being killed and another
wounded.
In the following January, under Viljoen, the Boers made
a determined night attack upon Belfast. One post held by
the Royal Irish was carried by the enemy after desperate
fighting, and another, defended by a small party of the Shrop-
shires, shared the same fate, but not until the lieutenant and
9 out of his 12 men had been killed or wounded. The other
posts, however, repulsed the enemy, and the Boers withdrew
before daybreak, leaving 24 dead within the British lines.
Towards the latter part of the campaign the battalion was
busily employed in guarding the various blockhouse lines in the
Transvaal, which did so much towards ending the Boer resis-
tance.
The losses of the regiment during the campaign amounted
to 3 officers and 140 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds,
disease, &c., and 12 officers, 105 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The Militia reservists and the service companies furnished
by the volunteer battalions shared the work of their comrades
of the 2nd Battalion during the war with much credit to the
forces they represented.
The following soldiers of the King's Shropshire Light
Infantry have won special distinctions for acts of courage on
the field of battle.
The Victoria Cross.
During the Indian Mutiny, 1857-58. Lieutenant A. K.
Ffrench ; Sergeant-Major 0. Pye ; Sergeant D. Dynon ;
Privates J. Kenny, C. Irwiu.
525
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
India, 1845-49 and Indian Mutiny. Sergeant-Major E.
Lindsay.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major J.
Gardham ; Sergeants W. Harrison, G. Powell, R. H. Talbot ;
Lance-Sergeant W. H. Marsden ; Corporals A. Jarvis, W.
Shaw ; Lance-Corporal T. Avery ; Private R. Meredith.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
Duke of Cambridge's Own
(MIDDLESEX REGIMENT),
BADGES.
The Plume of the Prince of Wales. The Duke of Cambridge's Coronet and Cypher.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
"MYSORE," "SERINQAPATAM," "ALBUHERA," " CIUDAD EODRIGO," " BADAJOS,'
" VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "NIVELLE," "Nivs," "PENINSULA," "ALMA,"
" INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "NEW ZEALAND," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1879,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02," "BELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS LEMON YELLOW.
Depot Headquarters MILL HILL,
MILITIA.
5th Battalion (Royal Elthorne Militia) ..
6th Battalion (Eojal East Middlesex Militia) ..
Mill Hiil.
Mill Hill.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st Middlesex
2nd
17th
Hornsey.
Whiiton Park, Honnsloic.
High Street, Camden Town.
L \ D X :
PR-NTED FOE Hi"! JT u KS -t's Srv:i >NF,-,Y OFFICR,
BY HARRISON' AND SON'S, ST MAUI'I.VS LANE,
PRINTERS is ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be pun.-linseJ, cither directly or through .-riy V> > iksuller, from
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OL1VKU AND HOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
E. rOXSOXliY, 110, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
529
MIDDLESEX REGIMENT (The Duke of
Cambridge's Own
(Formerly 57th and 77th Regiments).
THIS gallant regiment, well known as the " Die Hards," of
Peninsula fame, is one to which, any Middlesex man may be
proud to belong, for few are the regiments that can beat its
hard fighting record, or boast that their men have given their
lives more freely for their country. In this short pamphlet
it is only possible to give a very brief account of the records
of the old regiment, as the records themselves would fill
volumes ; still, it is hoped that even this mere outline of its
history may give some idea of the value of the service it has
given to its country.
The regiment was first raised in 1755, and served as Marines
on board the Mediterranean Fleet, and afterwards saw much
hard fighting in the war which ensued, when the American
colonies declared their independence.
The regiment next fought in India, at a time when the
possessions of the British East India Company were only
held by the desperate exertions of the British soldiers.
The most formidable among the opponents of the English
was Tippoo Saib, Sultan of Mysore, a prince of great ability
and power, but ferocious, cruel, and treacherous in the extreme.
It was against this ruler that the Middlesex Regiment had to
contend, and, under Lord Cornwallis, they forced their way into
the heart of Mysore, in 1790 ; and, under the walls of Seringa -
patam, dictated terms of peace to Tippoo Saib, by which he lost
half his territory. A few years later, however, his treachery
brought the Middlesex Regiment and its comrades in India
again into Mysore. On this occasion Seringapatam, the capital
and fortress of the Sultan, was taken by assault, and, fighting
to the last, Tippoo was slain by a British soldier a fitting end
to one who had perpetrated many cruelties and tortures upon
such of our unfortunate countrymen as fell into his hands.
530
In 1809, the Middlesex Eegiment joined the forces under
Wellington in the Spanish Peninsula, to take its part in
that long and bitter struggle against Napoleon, which saw
at its conclusion the British nation triumphant by sea and
land.
During this conflict, the regiment established a reputa-
tion for gallantry and devotion which will ever be among its
proudest remembrances, and no regiment better earned its
right to bear on its colours the names of " Albuhera,"
"Ciudad Rodrigo," " Badajos," " Vittoria," "Pyrenees,"
" Nivelle," " Nive," " Peninsula."
It was in the battle of Albuhera that the Middlesex Regiment
gained its glorious title of " The Die Hards."
This battle, the most obstinate and sanguinary of the
Peninsula fights, was fought on the 16th May, 1811. Marshal
Soult commanded on the French side, and Marshal Beresford
commanded the Allied Army, of which 7,000 were British
troops. Favoured by the woods in front of the British
position, and the thickness of the weather, the French had,
unobserved, concentrated the strength of their army against
the right wing of the allies, and consequently when the attack
was made, their numbers enabled them to make a decided
impression on that part of the Army. The Spaniards tem-
porarily giving way, threw the brunt of the fighting upon the
British troops, and never did our soldiers bear themselves
more nobly. With the French cavalry furiously riding around
them, and their allies giving way at their side, the Middlesex
and other British regiments faced their host of enemies with an
unflinching resolution to die rather than to give way. ' Die
hard ! " said their General to the regiment ; and with their
faces to the enemy and with every wound in front, 23 officers
and 400 men of this gallant regiment out of 570, died on that
fatal day, leaving an heritage of glory to their successors.
The victory gained on this day over the French was
emphatically a soldiers' victory, and the Duke of Wellington
afterwards said, " I think this action one of the most glorious
and honourable to the troops of any that have been fought
during the war."
Though all the battles of the Peninsula War are not actually
on the colours, there were but few places made famous by the
gallantry of British troops in which the Middlesex did not take
part.
For a long time after the great struggle with Napoleon,
the Middlesex Regiment was not called upon to show its
531
courage in the battlefield, and took its turn in the important
duty of guarding the valuable possessions of this country
in different parts of the world. But when, in 1854, England
aroused herself to check the ambitious designs of the Kussian
Government, the Eegiment again proved that the old spirit
of devotion was still fresh in the minds of its soldiers, and
the Crimean campaign added fresh laurels to those it had
won in the Peninsula War. It was selected to act as supports
to the artillery at Balaclava, and formed part of the famous
Light Division at the battle of the Alma. It also fought
hard at Inkerman, and greatly distinguished itself, 40 of the
regiment taking part in a very heroic charge against a strong
force of Russians.
At the siege of Sevastopol, the Middlesex was again to the
front, and in the attack on the Redan led the assault on the
right flank and suffered great loss. It was here that Colour-
Sergeant Gardiner distinguished himself by rallying his men
and holding his ground under a galling fire, and for his heroic
services received the Victoria Cross. Sergeant J. Park and
Private A. Wright also gained the same honourable distinction
for displaying great coolness and courage. In several
instances the Russians were driven back from the trenches
at the point of the Middlesex bayonets. On one special
occasion a party of the regiment under the colonel himself
was ordered to take two rifle pits from the enemy. They
fired one volley and then rushed into the pit, driving the
Russians out at the point of the bayonet after most desperate
fighting. They then advanced and lay down to protect the
pits, and were thus under a terrible fire for three hours. The
Colonel was shot dead, after he had carried a captain of
the regiment off the field, who was mortally wounded. Frantic
efforts were made by the enemy to re-take these pits, and
again and again they charged, only to be again and again
driven back by the bayonets of the Middlesex Regiment, who
were left masters of the field. Private McCorrie also gained
the Victoria Cross by picking up a live shell which had fallen
in a trench and throwing it over the parapet. In this war
the regiment lost at least 15 officers and 900 men.
The regiment next saw service in New Zealand, on the
outbreak of the Maori War. Although the foes encountered
in this war were not so numerous as the French or Russians,
the difficult nature of the country, and the subtilty and daring
of the Maoris, called forth the utmost exertions of the troops
sent against them. Their stockades, or pahs, as they were
530
In 1809, the Middlesex Regiment joined the forces und
Wellington in the Spanish Peninsula, to take its part
that long and bitter struggle against Napoleon, which sa
at its conclusion the British nation triumphant by sea ai
land.
During this conflict, the regiment established a reput
tion for gallantry and devotion which will ever be among i
proudest remembrances, and no regiment better earned i
right to bear on its colours the names of " Albuhera
"Ciudad Rodrigo," " Badajos," " Vittoria," "Pyrenees
" Nivelle," " Nive," " Peninsula."
It was in the battle of Albuhera that the Middlesex Regime]
gained its glorious title of " The Die Hards."
This battle, the most obstinate and sanguinary of tl
Peninsula fights, was fought on the 16th May, 1811. Marsh
Soult commanded on the French side, and Marshal Beresfo:
commanded the Allied Army, of which 7,000 were Briti;
troops. Favoured by the woods in front of the Britis
position, and the thickness of the weather, the French ha
unobserved, concentrated the strength of their army again
the right wing of the allies, and consequently when the atta<
was made, their numbers enabled them to make a decid<
impression on that part of the Army. The Spaniards ter
porarily giving way, threw the brunt of the fighting upon t]
British troops, and never did our soldiers bear themselv
more nobly. With the French cavalry furiously riding aroui
them, and their allies giving way at their side, the Middles*
and other British regiments faced their host of enemies with i
unflinching resolution to die rather than to give way. " D
hard ! " said their General to the regiment ; and with the
faces to the enemy and with every wound in front, 23 office
and 400 men of this gallant regiment out of 570, died on th;
fatal day, leaving an heritage of glory to their successors.
The victory gained on this day over the French w;
emphatically a soldiers' victory, and the Duke of Wellingtc
afterwards said, " I think this action one of the most glorioi
and honourable to the troops of any that have been fougl
during the war."
Though all the battles of the Peninsula War are not actual
on the colours, there were but few places made famous by tl
gallantry of British troops in which the Middlesex did not tal
part.
For a long time after the great struggle with Napoleo:
the Middlesex Regiment was not called upon to show i
531
courage in the battlefield, and took its turn in the important
duty of guarding the valuable possessions of this country
in different parts of the world. But when, in 1854, England
aroused herself to check the ambitious designs of the Kussian
Government, the Regiment again proved that the old spirit
of devotion was still fresh in the minds of its soldiers, and
the Crimean campaign added fresh laurels to those it had
won in the Peninsula War. It was selected to act as supports
to the artillery at Balaclava, and formed part of the famous
Light Division at the battle of the Alma. It also fought
hard at Inkerman, and greatly distinguished itself, 40 of the
regiment taking part in a very heroic charge against a strong
force of Russians.
At the siege of Sevastopol, the Middlesex was again to the
front, and in the attack on the Redan led the assault on the
right flank and suffered great loss. It was here that Coloiir-
Sergeant Gardiner distinguished himself by rallying his men
and holding his ground under a galling fire, and for his heroic
services received the Victoria Cross. Sergeant J. Park and
Private A. Wright also gained the same honourable distinction
for displaying great coolness and courage. In several
instances the Russians were driven back from the trenches
at the point of the Middlesex bayonets. On one special
occasion a party of the regiment under the colonel himself
was ordered to take two rifle pits from the enemy. They
fired one volley and then rushed into the pit, driving the
Russians out at the point of the bayonet after most desperate
fighting. They then advanced and lay down to protect the
pits, and were thus under a terrible fire for three hours. The
Colonel was shot dead, after he had carried a captain of
the regiment off the field, who was mortally wounded. Frantic
efforts were made by the enemy to re-take these pits, and
again and again they charged, only to be again and again
driven back by the bayonets of the Middlesex Regiment, who
were left masters of the field. Private McCorrie also gained
the Victoria Cross by picking up a live shell which had fallen
in a trench and throwing it over the parapet. In this war
the regiment lost at least 15 officers and 900 men.
The regiment next saw service in New Zealand, on the
outbreak of the Maori War. Although the foes encountered
in this war were not so numerous as the French or Russians,
the difficult nature of the country, and the subtilty and daring
of the Maoris, called forth the utmost exertions of the troops
sent against them. Their stockades, or pahs, as they were
534
The Victoria Cross.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant G. Gardine
Sergeant J. Park, Private C. McCorrie and A. Wright.
New Zealand Campaign, 1864. Ensign J. T. Down, Drummi
D. Stagpoole.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeants G. Gardine
J. Fitzharris ; Sergeants W. Bosworth, W. Place, W. Betts
Corporals P. Cahill, M. Fee, M. Tobin, S. Walsh, M. Stringe
G. Lee, B. Kavanagh ; Privates John Milton, M. Ward, t
Connor, M. Scannell, J. Hodgkin, J. Hardfram, W. Tiffii
J. Henery, J. Bancroft, C. Johnson, T. Neville, J. China, *]
Tooley, J. Turrell, J. Smith ; Drummer T. McGill.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Staff-Sergeant W. J. Jack.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeants-Major F. J
Steed, W. Woollett ; Quarter-master-Sergeant F. Allam
Colour-Sergeants J. Betteley, R. E. Evans, A. E. Howel
W. Taylor ; Sergeants W. E. Highton, W. Willcox ; Lanc<
Corporal W. W. Stickland ; Privates W. Boyd, J. E. B. Gilmort
E. Wischusen, and A. Lloyd.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH'S
WILTSHIRE REGIMENT.
BADGE.
The late Duke of Edinburgh's Coronet and Cypher.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
"NIVE," "PENINSULA," "FEROZESHAH," " SOBRAON," "SEVASTOPOL," " PEEIN '
"NEW ZEALAND," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1879,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-2, ",
I NIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE
Depot Headquarters-DEVIZES,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Royal^Willshire) .. .. Devizes.
^ r OLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st Wiltshire . . Warminsfer. \ 2nd Wiltshire . . Chippenliam.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HA1UIISON AND SON T S, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAX AND SONS, LTD., FITTER LAXE, E.G., or
OLIVKU AND BOYD, EDIN'BDRGH ; or
E. POXSOX13Y, 110, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
537
THE DUKE OF EDINBURGH'S
WILTSHIRE REGIMENT.
THE Wiltshire Regiment is formed of the old 62nd and 99th
Regiments. The first was raised in the Highlands of Scotland
in the year 1756, the second at Glasgow in 1824.
The first war service of the regiment was in Canada, where
it took part in the decisive and glorious victory outside the
walls of Quebec in September, 1759.
The next incident of interest, although not of the same
historical importance, illustrates the mettle of the men of whom
the regiment was composed. Four companies of recruits, about
140 strong, were under instruction in Ireland, at Carrickfergus
Castle, when some strange vessels appeared, which afterwards
proved to be under the command of Thurot, a celebrated
French privateer, and 1,200 French troops were landed. Al-
though the Castle of Carrickfergus was utterly unfit to stand a
siege, having a breach nearly 20 feet wide, and the recruits had
only a small supply of ammunition to practise firing with, there
was no thought of tame surrender, and more than one assault
of the French was bravely repulsed. When, at last, these
brave recruits had fired away even the buttons of their tunics,
terms were arranged with the French commander, and in con-
sequence of their gallant conduct, they proudly marched out
with all the honours of war. A vote of thanks was passed in
the Irish House of Commons, and for some time after the buttons
of the regiment were marked with a " splash" to commemorate
the incident.
The regiment next took part in the American War of
Independence, and never fought more bravely ; they were
with General Burgoyne, and at Stillwater Creek, with two
other corps, maintained a most glorious defence against the
538
American army for four hours, eventually remaining masters
of the field. Misfortune, however, overtook them at Saratoga,
where, disappointed and deserted by his allies, General Burgoyne
found himself with an army of less than 5,000 men, of whom
only 3,000 were English, surrounded by an American army
of 20,000 men. Desperate efforts were made to force the
American position, in which the Wiltshire Regiment was
employed as light infantry, and gained the sobriquet of
" The 'Springers."
The efforts of the English to escape were in vain, and day
after day the army was withering away from disease and want
of food, as well as from the heavy fire which the enemy poured
into their camp. Surrender became inevitable, and the
American General was communicated with. Among his
demands he required that the English army should ground its
arms, but General Burgoyne replied, " Sooner than that this
army should ground its arms it will rush on the enemy determined
to take no quarter " ; and the obnoxious request was with-
drawn. At Saratoga the Wiltshire Regiment lost, out of its
already diminished numbers, 18 officers, 98 rank and file killed
and wounded.
The regiment was subsequently employed in Jamaica in
restoring order on the occasion of a Maroon rising, a service
of peculiar difficulty, owing to the revolted negroes having
to be pursued through the swamps and forests of the interior ;
the Wiltshire Regiment, however, satisfactorily accomplished
its task ; and in 1807 and following years we find it fighting
under Sir John Stuart, to preserve Sicily from the French.
It joined the great Duke of Wellington in Spain in 1813, in
time to take part in the closing battles of the Peninsular
War, in which they earned the words " Nive " and " Peninsula "
for their colours.
The next scene of action for the regiment was in India,
where, in 1845, it was called upon to take the field in the
Punjaub, the country of the Sikhs. This hardy and warlike
people had fought side by side with the British during the
campaign in Afghanistan, where they had an opportunity of
learning military experience and British methods of drill and
discipline, and they took the first opportunity of testing their
newly acquired knowledge by turning their arms against their
teachers ; three great battles, Ferozeshah, Aliwal and Sobraon,
however, shattered their hopes and dispersed their armies, and,
after a further and equally unsuccessful campaign two or three
years later, the Punjaub was annexed to the British Empire,
539
and the Sikhs proved themselves in after years to be among
the most loyal and devoted subjects of the Empire. They
were not, however, overcome without much hard fighting, and
at Ferozeshah, in particular, the Wiltshire Kegiment was called
upon for service of a desperate character. The Sikh entrench-
ments, bristling with cannon and crowded with defenders,
had to be attacked, the ground in front of them being covered
with brush and cut through with watercourses. The Wiltshire
Regiment moved to the attack and reached the entrenchments,
but such was the fearful nature of the fire they had to face that
no less than 7 officers and 281 N.C.O. and men were killed or
wounded, a total unequalled by any other corps engaged. In
writing of the regiment it was described by the Commander-in-
Chief as " having done all which the most heroic gallantry and
the most determined resolution could have achieved." From
July, 1845, to September, 1853, part of the regiment was
employed on active service in New Zealand against the
Maoris.
We next learn of the regiment in the Crimean War during
the severe winter of 1854-55, when it was on duty in the
trenches before Sevastopol. It shared in the repulse of the
Russian sorties, took part in the capture of the Quarries, and
the assault on the Redan, on which occasion the regiment was
one of the three from which the storming party was selected.
In 1860 additional honours were gained for the colours of
the Wiltshire Regiment for the part it took in the campaign in
China at the Taku forts and other places ; the Imperial city of
Pekin was captured, and the men of the regiment shared in
the loot of the Emperor of China's Summer Palace in that
city.
In 1879 the Zulu War furnished a grand opportunity to
the regiment for a display of its soldier-like qualities under
circumstances of exceptional difficulty. The 2nd Battalion
was with the force under Colonel Pearson, and was advancing
into Zululand when the news reached them of the great disaster
which had overtaken the British camp at Isandlhwana.
Although it was fully recognised that they were miles away
from their depots and in danger of being overwhelmed by the
great numbers of the Zulus, it was also clear that to retreat
would be to uncover the colonists of Natal to the ravages of
the Zulu warriors. A position was selected at Etchowe, and
the force held this post for 10 weary weeks, constantly menaced
by the Zulus, and depending for their supplies upon the raids
which they made upon the enemy. Hard and severe as the
540
duties were, surrounded by a watchful enemy, the Wilt-
shiremen bore their part with cheerful patience, and joined with
dashing gallantry in the forays for food among the kraals of
the enemy. At length the forces under Lord Chelmsford
inflicted a severe defeat on the Zulus at Ghingilovo, and the
garrison rejoined their comrades. The battle of Ulundi and
the capture of the Zulu king successfully ended the cam-
paign.
The 2nd Battalion of the regiment embarked on the 22nd
October, 1899, to take part in the South African Campaign,
and immediately on arriving at Port Elizabeth was hurried off
to the assistance of General French, who, with an inadequate
force, was checking the Boer invasion of Cape Colony. On
the 25th January, the Wiltshires came in touch with the enemy
in a reconnaissance to Reitfontein. In spite of a heavy fire
the battalion got within 600 yards of the enemy's position,
when the general, having ascertained the enemy's strength and
position, ordered a retirement ; 12 officers and men were killed
or wounded in the action.
When General French joined the army under Lord Roberts,
many of the troops went with him. and the Wiltshires and those
which remained round Colesberg with General Clements, were
consequently left with a very difficult task, in view of the vastly
superior force of the enemy.
It was, however, of vital importance to Lord Roberts that
the position should be held to secure the safety of his supplies,
and great credit is due to the Wiltshires, their commander and
their comrades, for the manner in which they rose to the
occasion.
The Boer forces were able from their numbers to outflank
the original British position, and the order was accordingly
given to concentrate on Arundel. Two 15 -pounder guns had
been cleverly taken up Coleskop, a steep hill some 800 feet high,
by the exertions of the Essex Regiment, and the Wiltshires
now equally cleverly removed them in the face of the Boers.
There was severe fighting on the 10th, llth and 12th February,
when the Wiltshires rendered a good account of themselves,
being much helped by the gallantry of the Victorian Mounted
Rifles. Sergeant Munday of the regiment won the Medal for
Distinguished Conduct for assisting a wounded officer under
heavy fire, and so did Private Pierce, who courageously remained
out all night assisting the wounded.
In the course of the retirement to Arundel, two Companies of
the regiment were unfortunately cut off, and after losing one-
541
third- of their number in a gallant contest with overpowering
numbers, were captured by the enemy.
After a period of much skirmishing around Arundel, the Boers
drew off to oppose Lord Koberts, and the Wiltshires reached
Bloemfontein after a march of 160 miles.
Thence they proceeded to help the 8th Division under Sir
Leslie Rundle, which had the task of preventing a large Boer
force from breaking through to the south.
Bethlehem, a noted Boer stronghold, was captured on the
7th July, and, gradually, a series of British columns surrounded
the Brandwater Basin, or the Wittebergen, where the Boers
were collected, but there were still one or two strategical points
held by the Boers which it was necessary to capture before the
fish could be said to be in the net. One of these was Slabbert's
Nek, a position strongly entrenched by the Boers, who knew
its value. The Royal Irish failed to drive the Boers away, and
the advance of two companies of the Wiltshires was also
brought to a standstill despite their gallant efforts, after losing
some 20 men. For the daring with which he led his men on
this occasion in the face of a murderous fire, Sergeant Stimson
received the Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
In the night, however, a party consisting of two companies
of the Wiltshires and four of the Royal Irish, led by Captain
Bolton and Lance-Corporal Bryant of the regiment, crept,
sometimes on hands and knees, along a precipitous broken path,
and completely surprised the Boers, who at once abandoned the
position.
Lance-Corporal Bryant was awarded the Distinguished
Conduct Medal for this feat.
The capture of Slabbert's Nek was followed by more fighting,
as the Boers fought every yard of ground with the energy of
despair. At Slaapkranz on the 28th July, the Wiltshires drove
the enemy from a farm in gallant style, losing, however, 10 men
in killed and wounded. Lieut. -Colonel Carter being twice
wounded. Lance-Corporal Lovelock and Private Cripps both
won the medal for distinguished conduct the former for
gallantry in the assault, and the latter for persistent gallantry
in bringing up ammunition under fire until wounded in both legs.
The following day General Prinsloo, with over 4,000 Boers,
surrendered themselves as prisoners of war.
During the remainder of the campaign the Wiltshires had
much hard work in guarding convoys, marching with mobile
columns and convoys, as well as in erecting and manning
blockhouses to the accompaniment of no little fighting.
542
At Hainan's Kraal they drove off the Boers at a cost of
killed and wounded ; they also repulsed determined Bo
attacks on Richmond and Pietersburg.
Private Tripp received the Distinguished Conduct Medal f
reloading and rescuing a wagon under a heavy fire, and Lane
Corporal Ponting was promoted for keeping the enemy awj
from a wounded officer. Private Francis also rescued a di
mounted officer under fire.
The total casualties of the regiment in the campaign arnount<
to 5 officers and 99 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wound
disease, &c., and 6 officers and 79 N.C.O. and men wounde
The 3rd Battalion (Militia) volunteered for service, and we
sent to St. Helena, where they did valuable service in guardii
Boer prisoners, while the company furnished by the voluntee
shared the fortunes of the 2nd Battalion, and by their excelle:
spirit and conduct reflected the greatest credit on the for
they represented.
The following is a list of soldiers of the Wiltshire Regime:
who have won special distinctions for acts of courage on t]
fipld of battle.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Sergeant-Major J. \'ouug.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major
Grant ; Sergeants E. Mundy, H. Stimson ; Corporal A. ]
Coombes ; Lance-Corporals A. Bryant, H. Lovelock ; Privat
J. J. Cripps, C. E. Tripp, W. F. Pearce.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
The Manchester Regiment,
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT,''
" EGMONT-OP-ZEE," "MARTINIQUE," " GUADALOUPE," "PENINSULA," "ALMA,"
" INKEKJMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "NEW ZEALAND," "AFGHANISTAN, 1879-80," "EGYPT,
1882," " SOPTFI AFRICA, 189!>-1!>02," "DEFENCE OF LADYSSHTH."
UN I FORM SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters-ASHTON-UNDER-LINE,
MILITIA.
f.th Battalion. . .. .. .. .. Ashton-under-Lyne.
6th Battalion. . .. .. .. .. Ashton-undcr-J^yne.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st . . . . . . Manchester.
2nd . . , , . . Manchester.
3rd . . . . Ashton-under-Lyne.
4th .. .. . . Manchester.
5th .. Ardwick, near Manchester.
6th OMham.
1st Cadet Battalion .. .. Manchester.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFMCE,
BY HARBISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be, pmvhnse I. cither directly or through any Bookseller, from
AVVMAN AN'D SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIVliU AN!) UOYD, EDINBURGH; or
E. PONSOXBY, 110, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
545
THE MANCHESTER REGIMENT.
THE Manchester Kegiment was formed on the 1st of July,
1881, from the 63rd and 96th Kegiments, and two battalions
of the 6th Royal Lancashire Militia.
The 63rd had borne its numerical title since 1758, when,
from being the 2nd battalion of the 8th (Wolfe's) Foot, it was
constituted a separate battalion.
The late 96th Foot was raised in 1824, and inherited the
battle honours of a former 96th, which had been disbanded
in 1818.
The 8th Foot came into existence in 1685, and its services
at all times have been remarkable. The 63rd maintained its
honourable traditions and earned a reputation for bravery
and discipline, while the predecessor of the late 96th in that
numerical title was highly distinguished. Thus the soldiers
of the Manchester Regiment are the inheritors of the glorious
traditions of more than 200 years.
The 8th Foot was raised by Lord Ferrars, of Chartley,
in 1685. It served in the Irish campaigns of William III.
In 1696-7 it was campaigning in Flanders, and it was sent
there again in 1701. On the accession of Queen Anne, the
regiment was called " The Queen's." The grenadiers were
highly distinguished at the storming of the citadel of Liege
in 1702.
The regiment shared in the glories of Oudenarde,
Ramillies, and Malplaquet, and was especially distinguished
during the siege of Lisle. It was broken in 1715, at Dun-
blane, by a charge of Highlanders, but rallied and re-formed.
516
After the rebellion of 1715 it was called " The King's."
fought at Dettingen and at Fontenoy, and was presen
Falkirk on the right wing, which retired in good c
when the left was routed. At Culloden " The Kin
(Wolfe's) was formed en potence on the left of the se<
line, and, by its flanking fire, materially contributed to
victory.
In 1756 "The King's" was augmented to 20 compa
and in 1758 the 2nd Battalion was made into the 63rd I
ment. That year the 63rd formed part of a conjunct exj
tion which sailed to capture Martinique. The troops
lauded at Port Royal in that island on the IGth of Jam
1759, and advanced into the interior, but were re-embarke
the following day.
A descent on Guadaloupe having been decided on, Bi
terre was bombarded on the 23rd and taken possession c
the 24th of January. The whole of the army was re-emba
on the 6th March for an expedition to Capes-terre, " es
the 63rd Regiment and a detachment of artillery, who
left as a garrison in Fort Royal under the command of Li
Colonel Debrisay." * During one of the assaults to \\
the citadel was subject, that experienced officer, who
noted for his bravery and modesty, was killed, with
other officers of the 63rd, by an explosion of gunpov
The enemy's attacks were subsequently checked by a
successful sortie made by Captain Blomer with 300 me
the regiment.
The 63rd continued to garrison Fort Royal until the v
of the Island of Guadaloupe had been reduced.
In the spring of 1775 it landed at Boston, and on the
of June the flank companies were engaged at Bunker's
where they had 9 killed, including 1 lieutenant, anc
wounded, including both captains. The 63rd, with the 2
43rd, and 54th Regiments, formed the 5th Brigade, w
was present at the battle of Long Island. It is prol
that the flank companies of the 63rd assisted in the car,
* Beatson's " Naval and Military Memoirs," ii, 247.
547
of Forts Lee and Washington, on the Hudson River. The
regiment was in the expedition to Rhode Island, which
was captured in December.
In the following year the grenadier and light companies
went with Howe to Philadelphia, and lost heavily, on the
llth of September, at the battle of Brandy wine. On the Gth
of October the battalion companies were engaged in a very
gallant feat of arms, the storming of Fort Clinton, on the
Hudson. Sir Henry Clinton led this attack in person. It
has been very graphically and ably described in Thackeray's
" Virginians," in which Thackeray has not omitted to do justice
to the part played by the 63rd, and it is evident to all who
have read Steadman's history, that Thackeray has followed
it very closely in his narrative of this event, in which the
63rd had the misfortune to lose its noble commanding officer,
Major Sill.
In the earlier half of 1778, all the companies of the
regiment were at Philadelphia. This place was evacuated in
June, and, presumably, the 63rd was present at the battle of
Monrnouth Court House on the 28th of June, but suffered
no loss.
The regiment, with the 17th and 64th, captured the works
at Stoney Point, on the Hudson, on the 1st of June, 1779.
The 17th, and a few other troops, were left in garrison there,
but on the 15th of July the Americans re-took the works.
Four days later they were again taken by the 63rd, 42nd, and
64th Regiments.
The 63rd (400 strong) was included in Sir Henry Clinton's
expedition to Charlestown in December. In May, 1780,
Charlestown fell. South Carolina was reduced, and when
Cornwallis, who had been left by Clinton in command,
prepared to advance into North Carolina, the 63rd remained
at Charlestown, the place being commanded by its former
colonel, Brigadier-General Paterson. It is a fact worthy of
note that the 63rd furnished two Adjutant-Generals to th
army in America Brigadier-General Paterson and Lord
Rawdon.
548
The battle of Cam den occurred on the 16th of Augui
and the 63rd, having been mounted on horses, reach
Camden by a forced march, in time to hold it during the battle.
Major Wemyss, commanding the 63rd, endeavoured
surprise Sumpter by a night attack at Fishdam, on the 8
November, but it was made prematurely, or at least befc
the hour arranged, and failed. Major Wemyss was tw:
wounded, and the 63rd lost about 20 men.
Lord Cornwallis, writing of this affair, said of the 63r
" They behaved vastly well." The regiment was employ
under Tarleton as mounted infantry. A portion was engag
at Blackstocks on the 20th November, and was highly d
tinguished, but its loss was very severe. The men of the 62
never lost, and always cherished the tradition of its exploi
as mounted infantry, in America, and it is remarkable tl
the tradition was maintained when no published regimen
record existed, and when the rank and file were far m<
illiterate than now.
On the 25th of April, 1781, the 63rd, reduced by years
campaigning to a mere handful, took part in the battle
Hobkirk's Hill, where the Americans were defeated by L(
Rawdon, who had been a 63rd officer.
The last fight of the 63rd in America was at Eutaw Sprij
on the 8th of September, 1781. Its splendid conduct
this occasion is recorded in history, and its never-fail:
valour sfcands out conspicuously in every campaign of t
chequered war.
In July, 1794, the 63rd, from Jersey, joined the Earl
Moira's army on the plains of Roosendael, in Fland*
Its fine appearance is recorded in the " Journal of E
Moira's Army in Flanders, 1794." It displayed its won
bravery in the sortie from Nimeguen on the 4th of Noveml
when it suffered the greatest loss of any British corps engag
Corporal Brown, in his " Journal " says : " At 2 o'clock, p.:
our troops made a sortie from Nimeguen, and, without fir
a shot, entered the enemy's entrenchments and put all tl
found to the bayonet " ; and writing of the retreat to
549
coast in 1795, he says : " Perhaps never did a British army
experience such distress as ours at this time."* General
Harcourt, who commanded the army when the Duke of York
had departed for England, has left a vivid description of its
sufferings. Amid all the horrors of this retreat, the 63rd
maintained, however, its character for discipline and valour.
The next campaign of the 63rd Foot was in the West
Indies in 1796, when it was engaged at St. Lucia, St.
Vincent, and other islands. It was especially distinguished
at the capture of Port Royal, Grenada. The enemy occupied
an elevated and strongly fortified position, which was
attacked in front by the Buffs, 29th, and 63rd Regiments,
supported by the 9th. The 8th, a company of the 88th, and
some black troops, moved against the enemy's right. The
attack was gallantly carried out and the enemy's position
stormed.
In 1798, an attack, by about 2,500 Spaniards, on the British
settlement at Honduras was repulsed by small detachments
of the 63rd and 6th (West India) Regiments, and a sloop of
war, the Merlin.
In 1799 the 63rd Foot took part in the expedition to Flanders,
and under Sir Ralph Abercromby was engaged at the landing
at the Helder, and in the battle of the 10th of September.
Under the Duke of York it was engaged on the 19th of Sep-
tember and on the 2nd of October, in the battle of Egmont-
op-Zee, when the enemy was " routed and pursued in a charge
which was gallantly led by Major H. McLeroth, 63rd, who had
a horse killed under him."
On the 6th of October the anniversary of the storming of
Fort Clinton, the Duke of York unsuccessfully attacked the
French position near Alkmaar. In this bloody action the 63rd
lost over 200 men. Shortly after a convention was made by
which the British troops evacuated Holland.
Having embarked in June, 1800, with the troops under
the command of Sir James Pulteney, the 63rd were landed at
Corporal Brown's "Journal," p. 224.
550
Ellaya de Dominos on the 25th of August, and were engaged in
an attempt on the town of Ferrol.
In 1801 the corps (then termed the Minorca Regiment)
from which the late 96th Foot derived the honours " Egypt "
and " Peninsula," highly distinguished itself. It was present
at the battle of Alexandria on the 21st of March, and its
gallant conduct on that occasion is thus described in Lord
Dunfermline's memoir of Sir Ralph Abercromby :
" The Minorca Regiment having been ordered out to
support the 42nd, General Roize made a desperate charge
against it. This regiment allowed the French cavalry to pass,
and then, facing about, poured such volleys upon them as
brought many of the men and horses to the ground."*
In 1804 the Minorca Regiment was brought into the line
as the $llh (Queen's German) Regiment. This year, too, a
second battalion to the 63rd was raised and stationed at Bury
St. Edmunds. The regiment had borne the territorial title
" West Suffolk " since 1783.
In 1807 the 1st Battalion 63rd, went in an expedition to
Madeira, which surrendered without opposition.
The 97th was highly distinguished in the early part of
the Peninsular War, and its gallant charge at Viniiera is
described in Napier's and Lord Londonderry's histories. It
would be well to anticipate and here to state that this corps
became the 96^A (or Queen's Own) in 1816, and that it was
disbanded in 1818 at Limerick.
The 2nd Battalion 63rd served in the Walcheren Expedition,
and at the bombardment of Flushing, and was disbanded in
1814. The 1st Battalion assisted in the capture of Martinique in
1809. This year is also memorable in the annals of the regi-
ment for the capture of the French 74-gun ship (THaupoult, by
the English man-of-war, the Pompe'e, after " a running fight
which had commenced to the southward of Vieue Fort, Guada-
loupe at 10 p.m. on the 14th April, and had ended within eight
leagues, N.E. by N., of Cape Roxo, Porto Rico, at 5.15 a.m.
* " Memoir of Sir Ralph Abercromfcy," pp. 295, 29fi.
551
on the 17th."* A company of the 63rd was on board the
Pomp&e, and participated in the triumph.
The following year the 1st Battalion, 63rd, was engaged
in the capture of Guadaloupe. It was again (and for the third
time) concerned in the taking of this island in 1815, when
the light company, under Captain Lynch, was conspicuous
for its gallantry.
In 1826 the regiment embarked in Sir William Clinton's
expedition to Portugal, where it remained until 1828.
The present 2nd Battalion, Manchester Regiment, which
had been raised in 1824, and which, as the 96th, inherited
the honours of the 96th (Queen's Own), saw service in New
Zealand in 1845. The words " New Zealand " are borne on
the colours of the Manchester Regiment.
After many years of peace the 63rd next saw service in
the Crimean War. Embarking at Cork on the 21st of July,
1854, the regiment was at Varna on the 1st of September,
when it numbered 1,068 of all ranks. On the 14th of September
it landed at Old Fort, in the Crimea, and during the advance to
the Alma was with the rear-guard under General Torrens.
Early on the -20th it became known that a battle was to
be fought on the Alma, but the most strenuous exertions of
the regiment only enabled it to arrive on the field of battle
about 6 p.m.
General Torrens's brigade, which included the 63rd, was
present, and slightly engaged at the battle of Balaclava.
The brigade was hotly engaged on the 5th of November at
Inkerman, when the 63rd made a very gallant charge on the
enemy. Owing to the number of men on duty in the trenches,
the regiment went into action with only rather more than 400
of all ranks, out of which it lost 112. The acting Sergeant-
Ma j or (afterwards Major) Slack behaved with much bravery
on this occasion. The colonel and one lieutenant, and the
ensign who carried the regimental colour, were killed ; the
ensign who bore the Queen's colour was mortally wounded,
* James's " ISTaTal History," T, 161-4.
2 N
552
and six other officers received wounds. The Inkerman colours
of the 63rd now hang in the mess of the 1st Battalion, Man-
chester Regiment.
The '63rd was in the expeditions to Kertch and Kinburn,
and saw the fall of Sebastopol. It was one of the last regi-
ments to leave the Crimea, having lost in the war, killed
or died from wounds or invalided, 48 officers and 899 N.C.O.
and men.
The next campaign of the 63rd Regiment was in Afghanistan
in 1880-1, when, although it had not the fortune to be engaged
with the enemy, it performed arduous service, and was remark-
able for its physique and efficiency. On the return of the
regiment to India in 1881 four companies marched from
Quetta to Dera Ghazi Khan, 'about 400 miles, by the Bozdar
route, which lay through a particularly difficult and roadless
country.
As the 1st Battalion, Manchester Regiment, it was in the
Egyptian Campaign of 1882, and was at Ismailia during the
battle of Tel-el-Kebir. It was subsequently sent to Alexandria,
where it was united with the 2nd Battalion, in garrison at that
place, which had also earned the right of the regiment to have
" Egypt, 1882," on its colours.
The 2nd Battalion left Egypt for India, where it took part in
the Miransai Expedition under Sir W. Lockhart, against the
Orakzais. Three companies started in April, 1890, commen-
cing with a march of 31 miles into Kohat ; although not lucky
enough to be actually engaged, they marched 250 miles through
mountainous country and fully maintained the Regiment's
reputation for hard work.
The 1st Battalion was sent to Natal in August, 1899, and the
Boer War broke out in October of that year. The battalion
formed part of Sir George White's Natal Field Force, and under
Sir Ian Hamilton as Brigadier, took part with distinction in
the battle of Elandslaagte. In this brilliant action the battalion
had four companies, which formed the original assaulting line,
and half the officers present, and more than a tenth of the men,
were either killed or wounded. The regiment captured two
553
Boer guns, and raced with the Gordon Highlanders and
Imperial Light Horse to be first in the final charge.
The battle of Elandslaagte took place on the 21st October,
1899, and on the 30th the battalion again distinguished itself
in the battle of Lombard's Kop and Nicholson's Nek. The
eiege of Ladysmith was now imminent, and the battalion was
selected to hold the " key of Ladysmith," known as Ceesar's
Camp. Here four months of fighting, privation and heroic
endurance were spent. The vital importance of the position
caused it to be attacked three times, the last of which on
the 6th January, 1900, was a desperate assault, with hand to
hand fighting, but the battalion, weakened as it was by hunger,
exposure, and disease, gallantly maintained its position, and
added undying fame to the regiment's hard-won reputation.
The next morning some 30 dead Boers were handed over
under flag of truce to the enemy ; these men had been killed
in and about the trenches held by the battalion. Two men
of the battalion Privates Pitts and Scott obtained the
Victoria Cross, having gallantly remained fighting at
their post though all their comrades had been killed or
wounded.
Certainly no troops in this historic siege had harder work or
fighting than the Manchesters, and none came out of it with a
greater reputation. The following order addressed to the
battalion by Brigadier (now Sir Ian Hamilton, K.C.B.), on the
8th January, 1900, speaks for itself :
" The officer commanding 7th Brigade wishes to convey to
all ranks of the Manchester Regiment his admiration of the
courage and determination displayed by them in action of 6th
January, 1900. The casualty list testifies to the severity of
the fighting, and the fact that all the positions were maintained
shows how complete was the victory. The Brigadier is proud
to have been so long and closely associated with the battalion,
which has invariably come to the front when called on to show
the enemy and the world at large how stubbornly an English-
man can fight."
The siege was raised on the 1st March, 1900.
'2 N -2
554
The 2nd Battalion embarked at Southampton on the 16th
March, 1900, and, on arriving in South Africa, proceeded to the
Orange Free State with the 8th Division, under Sir Leslie
Bundle, sometimes known as the " Starving Eighth " from the
privations they endured. It took part in a series of operations,
in the course of which it marched to Dewetsdorp, Thabanchu,
Senekal, Ficksburg, Hammonia, Fouriesburg, and the Caledon
Valley, being finally present at the celebrated capture of 4,000
of the enemy under Prinsloo in the Wittebergen. The batta-
lion then proceeded to Harrismith, which was reached early in
August, and subsequently to Vrede and Standerton, and at
the latter place the battalion obtained sorely needed boots and
clothing. It then marched to Bethlehem and Senekal, and on
to Keitz and Harrismith in October, 1900, repeating these
marches till the end of the year. Although not actually engaged
in any pitched battles, the 2nd Battalion sustained many
casualties in the course of minor operations, and was uniformly
successful in the dull but important duties of convoying supplies,
and rear and flank guard actions, on which so much depends,
earning on several occasions the outspoken praise of their
generals.
Meanwhile the 1st Battalion having had a month's compara-
tive rest after the siege of Ladysmith, was transferred from
the Northern Natal Army to the Drakensberg Defence Force,
receiving a considerable accession of strength by the arrival
of 280 men from home and the first of the volunteer companies,
under Captain Heywood. It then proceeded into the Transvaal
and was brigaded under Sir Francis Howard, K.C.B. for the
attack on Graskop, where the volunteer company received its
" baptism of fire." In this action and those of Meersicht and
Rooi Koppies, the force was under Sir H. Hildyard, but with
the arrival of Sir R. Buller, the 1st Battalion returned to
Major-General Walter Kitchener's 8th Brigade, and took part
in the general advance to the North-Eastern Transvaal, being
present in the actions of Amcrsfort and Van Wyk's Vlei. In
this last named action the battalion was referred to in the
official despatch as " storming the ridges in gallant style."
Following closely on this came the two days' fighting which
constitute the battle of Belfast, a decisive action, in which the
battalion was lucky to sustain only some 25 casualties, although
under fire for two days and a night. For some months after
this operations slackened, and the routine of war was experi-
enced marching, convoy duty, and outpost work enlivened
by continual skirmishes and an occasional expedition of the
flying column variety. Generally speaking, the battalion under
Lieut. -Colonel Curran, was responsible for the safety of nearly
50 miles of mountainous country, through which lay the wagon
road from the railway to Lydenberg, and though constantly
engaged in minor operations, the battalion never lost a wagon.
It may here be mentioned that the battalion only lost five
prisoners to the enemy during the whole war, four of whom lost
their way in the dark during the battle of Belfast, a noteworthy
record in this war. On the 14th April, 1901, the 1st Battalion
marched to Lydenberg and took over the defences, which it
held until the 1st October, when it joined Colonel Park's
Column. It remained with this column till the end of the war,
being employed in flying column work, night marches, combined
operations, and in many of the large " drives " which formed
such a successful feature of Lord Kitchener's campaign. They
took part in the following actions, all of which were successful.
Elandspruit (where it suffered 26 casualties in a night attack,
including 5 officers) ; Witpoort ; Pardeplaate ; Tonteldoos ;
Klipspruit (170 Boer prisoners) ; Rhenoster Kop (42 miles in
34 hours, capturing 35 prisoners) ; the Waglaagte drive (60
miles in 48 hours) ; the Vaal drive (75 miles in 60 hours,
resulting in 135 prisoners) ; Houtenbek ; Dullstroom, and
much similar work. While with " Park's Column " the batta-
lion marched over 1,300 miles. In his farewell order to the
battalion, issued the 18th May, 1902 (the last day of war
operations) Colonel Park issued a highly complimentary order
referring to the " admirable manner in which his orders have
invariably been carried out," also to the " stiff fighting, hard
work, long and arduous marches," and the " gallantry and
determination beyond all praise displayed at Elandspruit
556
during the night attack." On the conclusion of these operations
the 1st Battalion took up posts on the railway to Komati
Poort.
The 2nd Battalion continued to operate in the Orange River
Colony, and on the Basutoland Border, principally working in
small columns, with a good deal of incidental fighting, notably
in a rearguard action at Hattingsdal, in December, 1901, and
a few days later near Tweefontein, sustaining 13 casualties in
three days' fighting, including 2 officers killed. The battalion
was engaged in the big drive to the Harrismith, Van Reenan's
blockhouse line, resulting in 760 prisoners, and the battalion
remained holding blockhouses and positions in this neighbour-
hood till the conclusion of hostilities.
The total casualties of the regiment in the war amounted to
8 officers and 236 N.C.O. and men killed in action, or died of
wounds, disease, &c. ; and 21 officers, 166 N.C.O. and men
wounded.
Both the 5th Battalion and 6th Battalion (Militia) volunteered
for active service in South Africa and did excellent service in the
Cape Colony and Orange River Colony, being chiefly employed
in garrison and blockhouse work ; and it must not be forgotten
that these militia battalions contributed from their militia
reserve to feed the regulars in the earlier days of the war a
body of fine seasoned men, ready to take their place at once,
and maintain it with credit. Equal praise is due to the com-
panies furnished for the war by the volunteer battalions.
The following is a list of soldiers of the Manchester Regiment
who have won special distinctions for acts of courage on the
field of battle :
The Victoria Cross.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Privates J. Pitts
and R. Scott.
557
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeants J. Siack,
J. Brophy ; Corporals D. Lovatt, J. Sallis, J. Spurling, J.
Wagstaff ; Privates J. Barton, D. Connors, J. Donnelly, G.
Flack, M. Fitzpatrick, R. Howard, H. Keene, D. Magillicuddy,
T. Poundford ; Drummer J. Roe.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeants-Major J. T.
Haddon, G. T. Prosser ; Colour-Sergeants S. E. Kennedy,
J. Scott, F. Walker, J. W. Finney ; Sergeants R. Lloyd, I.
Barton, E. Grant, M. I. Gresby, D. A. Carter, F. Fagan, J. Hall,
J. Morris ; Corporals J. C. Richardson, A. Brooks ; Lance-
Corporals J. Haines, W. J. Preston ; Privates J. Cummings,
T. Forshaw, T. Ladley, C. McKinlay, S. Archibald, T.
Bateman, M. Bell, E. Collier, E. F. Newton.
Specially Promoted for Gallantry.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Private D. Archibald.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE PRINCE OF WALES'S
NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT.
BADGE.
The Prince of Wales's Plume.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Dragon superscribed " CHINA."
"Sx. LUCIA," "SURINAM," " PUNJAUB," "PERSIA," " KESHIRE," "BUSHIRE,"
"KOOSH-AB," "LUCKNOW," " HAFIR," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02."
U X I FORM SO ARLET.
FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters LIOHFIELD,
MILITIA :
3rd Battalion (2nd K.O. Stafford Militia)
4th Battalion (3rd K.O. Stafford Militia)
Lichfitld.
Lichfield.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS:
StoJce-on-Trent. 2nd .. .. Bitrt on-on- Trent
BY
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
I HARRISON AND SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
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E PONSONBY, 116, GHAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
561
THE PRINCE OF WALES'S
NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT.
THIS distinguished regiment was formed in 1881 by the
union of the 64th and 98th Kegiments.
The 64th Regiment had been raised in the year 1758, and
in the following year was employed against the French in the
Island of Martinique. In 1773 it proceeded to America, where
it saw much hard service during the unfortunate contest which
resulted in the independence of the American Colonies.
Although, with the help of the French, the American Colonies
succeeded in their object, it is generally admitted that the
British troops could look back without regret to the manner
in which they carried out the duties allotted to them, and in
particular the North Staffordshire Regiment gained much
credit by the distinguished manner in which it bore itself in the
various actions in which it was engaged.
In 1794 and following years the regiment was employed
in driving the French from the West Indies, and behaved
with particular gallantry at the capture of St. Lucia in 1803.
This island was reduced within about 14 hours from the
landing of the British force on its shores, by the capture
by assault of Morne Fortunee, a strong fortification in which
562
46 guns were mounted, and which contained a large garrisc
The troops landed at 2 p.m. on the 21st of June, and duri
the night preparations were so skilfully and effectually mac
that at 4 o'clock on the following morning, when the signal i
the assault was given, the men of the North Staffordshire a:
their brave comrades dashed forward with such vigour, th
within half an hour all resistance was overcome, and the si
vivors of the garrison, some 700 strong, surrendered
prisoners of war. For their conduct on this occasion t
regiment received particular praise in the official despatch*
Tobago was next taken possession of, the garrison capitulati:
without resistance, and the following year the regiment toi
part in the expedition sent against Surinam, in Dut
Guiana. This place could only be approached by the rivi
as the land between it and the sea was covered by imperj
trable forests and marshes, and the river approach w
defended by three forts of considerable strength. Aft
careful investigation it was thought possible to effect a landL
at some little distance below the forts, and by negro trac
to pass along the shore to the rear of the forts ; a party
the regiment was therefore landed, and with the assistan
of some negro guides succeeded, though with much difficult
in reaching the position of the first of the forts. Immediate
the Dutch saw them issuing from the forest, a heavy fi
of musketry and artillery was opened upon them, but, fixii
bayonets, our gallant soldiers assaulted the fort with sui
promptitude and gallantry, that in a few minutes it was
their hands, and this success was repeated in the case of t]
second fort, the guns of both being immediately turned on t]
astonished garrison of the remaining fort, which was on tl
opposite bank. Disheartened by the rapidity of our succes
the Dutch commander did not wait to be attacked, and surre
dered with his troops and ships of war to the English Genen
and the conquest was complete.
563
In 1813, the regiment left the West Indies for Nova Scotia,
having spent no less than 20 years, out of the 55 which had
elapsed since its formation, in the trying climate of the West
Indies. It was hastily summoned home in 1815, but arrived
too late to take part in the battle of Waterloo, and proceeded
to Paris, where it formed part of the Army of Occupation.
In 1824 the 98th was raised, and in 1842 it proceeded to
China, to take part in the operations which had been necessitated
by the ill-treatment and seizure of British subjects by the
Chinese Government. With a force under Sir Hugh Gough the
regiment proceeded up the Yang-tse-kiang, a river practically
unknown to Europeans. The defences at the mouth of the
river were soon silenced by our ships of war, and the force
proceeded along the river, on either side of which were
stately pagodas, temples and joss houses, until the city of
Shanghai was reached. This city was entered by our troops
without opposition, the garrison having fled at their approach,
and hundreds of guns of various kinds were captured or
destroyed. Proceeding onwards, our forces found themselves
before Chin-kiang-foo, and here it was evident that the Tartar
garrison were resolved to defend the place. Preparations
were accordingly made to force an entrance, and almost at the
same moment that the gate was blown in, an entrance was
effected in two other places by our troops gallantly escalading
the walls, and although the Tartars fought with savage despera-
tion the fortifications of the city were in the possession of our
army in a very short time. The intense heat of the day put
a stop to further progress into the city until the evening, and
when the troops then marched into the streets they were
horrified at the spectacle which greeted them. There was no
resistance, but everywhere appeared the signs of a dreadful
massacre, and it afterwards appeared that the Tartar garrison,
when driven from the walls, had retired to their houses in the
city, murdered their wives and children, set fire to their houses,
564
and afterwards killed themselves. The army continued il
progress until it arrived at Nankin, but at this point the Chines
proposed terms of peace, by which the island of Hong Kon
became a British possession, and several ports in China wei
opened to European trade. To commemorate the distinguishe
services of the North Staffordshire in this campaign the badg
of the Red Dragon, and the word " China " were added to il
colours.
In 1851, the 98th earned the special thanks of th
Indian Government for its services against the Afridis,
turbulent race on the frontiers of India, and in 1856 the 64t
was engaged in the war against Persia. The first engagemer
of the campaign was at Reshire, where the Persiar
had a strong force carefully entrenched, and where the
made a desperate stand, but could not, however, resist tt
brilliant and gallant attack of the regiment and its comrades.
From Reshire the force moved on to Bushire, an importar
Persian city ; the bombardment, however, of the Englis
ships and the sight of our troops as they formed for the assau
so intimidated the garrison that it hastily withdrew withot
offering any resistance. At Koosh-ab, however, the Britis
force was attacked on its march by the Persian army, bu
the artillery and cavalry were so well handled that the Persia
army was practically defeated before the infantry could com
up to them, and the guns and stores fell into the hands of th
British. Several minor operations succeeded, until th
Persian Government relinquished the contest, and the Nort
Staffordshire Regiment returned to India with the reputatio
of gallantry and efficiency which it had earned during th
campaign.
The return of the regiment had been hastened by th
terrible news of the Indian Mutiny, and with their Persia
laurels still fresh, the men of the 64th went eagerly forwari
to take part in the conflict. The 98th also went from Cor
565
to take part in this campaign. At Allahabad the 64th joined
the column under the heroic Havelock, destined to avenge the
massacre of Cawnpore, and to help the brave garrison of
Lucknow. The march was one series of conflicts, for wherever
the ground gave an opportunity, the rebel Sepoys were there in
thousands to bar their progress, but in vain. Although
marching many miles every day under the terrible heat of
an Indian sun in July, the sight of an enemy whose hands
had been dipped in the blood of women and children never
failed to arouse the exhausted soldiers to a fierce enthusiasm
that bore down any opposition. On the 16th of July a long
weary march had been made, and a severe engagement had
taken place as usual with the rebels, who had been driven
from the road and dispersed and their guns captured, with
the exception of one 24-pounder, from which, and from the
strong body of infantry who supported it, a galling fire was
still kept up by the desperate Sepoys. The regiment
was given the formidable task of capturing the gun,
and although beyond measure exhausted with its day's
work, the order was obeyed with alacrity. Right in the
face of the gun our men marched forward, although nearly
every discharge made a grisly lane in their ranks, and when
sufficiently near they dashed fiercely forward, and in a few
minutes sueh rebels as survived were flying in all directions.
On another occasion the deeds of a private soldier (Private
Cavanagh) of the regiment were publicly commended in General
Orders, and it was announced that had he not died his gallantry
would have earned the Victoria Cross. Part of the regiment
remained in Cawnpore dealing with the masses of rebels
around the place, and in one heroic fight, when their
opponents were ten to one, the regiment lost its colonel,
1 major, 2 captains, 2 lieutenants, and 12 rank and file killed,
besides many wounded. The remainder of the regiment
proceeded to Lucknow with Havelock's force, which burst
566
through the rebels and brought safety to its brave defenders
nor did the efforts of the regiment cease until the last vestig
of resistance had been put down.
With the exception of an expedition against the frontie
tribes of the Zhob Valley, it was not the duty of the Nort
Staffordshire Regiment to proceed on active service after th
Indian Mutiny for a period of forty years.
In 1876 the Prince of Wales (now King Edward VII
presented new colours to the regiment, and to commemorat
his sense of its high and distinguished service in the past, h
obtained the Queen's permission that the regiment should i
future be called the " Prince of Wales' s North Staff ordshir
Regiment."
In 1896 the 1st Battalion was engaged against the Mahdist
in the Soudan, and was present at the action and occupatio:
of Hafir, and took part in the march to and occupation c
Dongola.
On the outbreak of the Boer War the 2nd Battalion embarke
from home on the 14th January, 1900, for South Africa, and o
arriving joined the 15th Brigade. The first duty allotted t
this brigade was the capture of Jacobsdal which was necessar
to make the left flank of Lord Roberts's army secure while h
dealt with Cronje. and this service was successfully performei
on the 13th February, 1900. The North Staffordshires the:
garrisoned Jacobsdal until the 6th March, when they rejoinei
the main army at Poplar Grove and marched to Bloemfontein
A short distance from this town was Karee, where the Boer
had entrenched themselves in order to prevent a further advanc
to Pretoria, and on the 29th March, the battalion took part i:
the attack on this position. Fighting took place all day, bu
towards evening the Boers were compelled to retreat and th
position was captured.
The battalion then advanced with the main army, experienc
ing much trying work in common with the rest of their comrades
567
both from the vicissitudes of the climate and the often scanty
supplies.
At Kroonstad the battalion marched past Lord Roberts, who
complimented the officers and men on their recent march from
Geneva Siding (42 miles in 21 hours).
On the 31st March, Johannesburg was entered after some
fighting, and the 15th Brigade having been detailed to garrison
this important town, the North Staffordshire Regiment re-
mained here for nearly eight months, during which time it
policed the town in such a manner as to earn the highest praise
from the townspeople as well as from the military chiefs.
This occupation was varied by one or two expeditions against
troublesome Boer commandos in the neighbourhood, and in
August, 1900, on one of these expeditions the North Stafford-
shires found themselves engaged for some hours with an unseen
enemy in a dense fog, the Boers eventually getting off before it
was clear enough to see them. The regiment had 1 officer, 4
N.C.O. and men killed or wounded in this engagement. On
another occasion, 3,000 head of cattle and some wagons were
captured by the North Staffordshires.
The battalion then formed part of General Dartnell's mobile
column, and although little fighting was experienced the
incessant marches, constant rain, and lack of supplies severely
tested the endurance of the soldiers, a test from which the
North Staffordshires emerged most satisfactorily, having in the
words of their commander, " made light of hard work, discom-
fort, and short rations."
For the remainder of the war the battalion held Wakkers-
troom and the vicinity, manning the blockhouses and defences,
and to quote from this general's farewell order, performing
much irksome and dangerous service with cheerful read, ness.
The total casualties during the war amounted to 4 officers
and 55 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c. ;
and 1 officer and 1 man wounded.
2 o
568
Both the 3rd and 4th Battalions (Militia) volunteered for th
seat of war, but the 3rd Battalion was not sent to South Afric;
until the 1st March, 1902. It was given the duty of guardin
a line of blockhouses, and had several skirmishes with th
enemy while so employed, returning home on the 23rd Septeir
ber, 1902.
The 4th Battalion went to South Africa on the 9th Marcl
1900, two companies being detached to St. Helena to guar
General Cronje and the Boers captured at Paardeburg. G an
H Companies defended Richmond against an attack by thre
Boer Commandos on the 25th June, 1901, losing 4 killed and
wounded, and earning the compliments of General French fo
their good defence. On the 23rd February, 1902, 2nd Lieutenar
Sharpe was mortally wounded while gallantly attempting t
warn the blockhouse line at Pom-pom Poort of the approac
of the enemy. Altogether much good service was rendered b
this battalion during its two years and three months' service i
South Africa. The volunteer service companies sent out wer
also favourably reported on by the regular officers under whor
they served, for their good and soldierly conduct in the cam
paign.
The following soldiers of the North Staffordshire Kegimen
have gained special distinctions for acts of courage on the fieli
of battle :
The Victoria Gross.
In the Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Drummer Thomas Flynn.
French War Medal for Valour.
Crimean Campaign s 1854-5. Lance-Corporal J. Blackmore
569
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Sergeant A. Nicklin.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major R.
Katon ; Quarter-master-Sergeant C. Preston ; Colour-Sergeants
J. Bull, W. H. Rowe ; Corporal J. H. Jones ; Privates W.
Evans, E. Frost, T. Gavin, T. Latham, S. G. Phillips, and
A. Wilson.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
o 2
THE
YORK AND LANCASTER REGIMENT.
BADGE.
The Union Rose.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Royal Tiger, superscribed " INDIA."
" NIVE," "PENINSULA," "ARABIA," "LUCKNOW," "NEW ZEALAND," "EGYPT,
1882-84," " TEL-EL-KEBIR," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " RELIEF OF LADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS WHITE.
Depot Headquarters- PONTEFKACT,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (3rd West York Militia) .. .. ,. Pontefract.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st . . . . . . Sheffield. \ 2nd Doncaster.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY 1IAURISOM AND SOXS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE,
fis IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
Ant! to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller,
WV.MAX AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.C., or
OLIV1CU AND IJOYD, EDINBURGH; or
E. PONSOX13Y, 11G, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLIN.
573
THE
YORK AND LANCASTER REGIMENT.
IN the year 1881 the regiments, formerly numbered as the
G5th and 84th Regiments of Foot, were united under a title
which had long been borne by the latter regiment, i.e., " The
York and Lancaster Regiment," with the badge of the " Red
and White Rose."
Both regiments were raised nearly 150 years ago, namely, in
1758, although there was a slight break in the continuity of
the 84th Regiment, which in its earliest years was once or
twice disbanded and then reformed.
The earliest records of this distinguished regiment show
that shortly after their formation both battalions were almost
immediately sent abroad for the purpose of protecting and
extending the already valuable possessions of the British
nation. Especially in India did they see much hard service
in that severe and long continued struggle which commenced
with the humble trading ventures of a handful of British
merchants, holding their lives and property on the frail
tenure of the wayward will of a despotic Rajah, and which
has since resulted in the whole territory of India, with its
many millions of inhabitants, becoming a dependency of the
British Empire.
574
The 1st Battalion was also employed in the West Indies
against the French possessions there, and the regiment bore
its share, with its usual British endurance and courage, in
the varying fortunes and stern fighting which characterised
the " American War of Independence."
In 1794 the soldiers of the 1st Battalion greatly distinguished
themselves at the capture of Morne Bellevue, in Martinique ;
the a for a long period of years the battalion served in
India with so much distinction as to win for its colours
the word " India," with the badge of the " Royal Tiger,"
a circumstance which also procured for its men the
sobriquet of the -'Royal Tigers." It fought twice at
Guzerat, as well as at Malwa, and took part in the
siege of Bhurtpore, the great Jat fortress. In Arabia the
regiment distinguished itself in a campaign against the Beni-
Boo-ali Arabs, gaining a decisive victory which resulted in the
capture of the Arabs' stronghold at Aden. In the meantime
the 2nd Battalion saw hard service at Flushing against the
French Republicans, and afterwards was employed in the
occupation of Perim and Suez, and subsequently took a glorious
part under the all-conquering Wellington in the Peninsulai
War, its gallantry in the battles on the Bidassoa and on the
Nive gaining fresh battle-honours for its colours. Anothei
part of this battalion was present at the capture of Cape Colon y
in 1796, and between the years 1802-18 saw much service ir
the almost continuous conflicts which our growing responsi-
bilities in India brought upon us. Then followed a long perioc
of peaceful service for both battalions, during which the}
served in all quarters of the globe, and in every variety oJ
climate, guarding the interests of our colonial possessions.
The year 1857 found the 2nd Battalion in India doing
duty at Cawnpore. When the grave news of the great mutinj
came to the British Commander at Cawnpore, he hastily
despatched the bulk of the regiment to Lucknow, which seemed
575
to be in greater danger, leaving only 60 men to assist in the
defence of Cawnpore. Under the fierce Nana Saib the
mutineers attacked Cawnpore in very great numbers, and a
terrible and protracted struggle ensued, in which the 60 men
of the regiment nobly bore their part ; at length, however,
the British garrison, being weakened in numbers, prostrated
by disease, and enfeebled from want of food, Sir Hugh Wheeler
to save the women and children, agreed to leave Cawnpore
with his force, Nana Saib and the rebel leaders swearing not
to molest them on the march. No sooner, however, had the
British soldiers, with the women and children, been crowded
into the boats provided for their journey, than a murderous
fire was opened upon them by the rebel Sepoys, and such as
survived were hurried back into captivity to meet a still more
terrible fate at the hands of their butchers. Of the 60 men
of the 2nd Battalion only one man escaped.
While this tragedy was happening, the remainder of the
regiment was gallantly defending the women and children
at Lucknow, and gladly welcomed Havelock and Outram
when their little force burst through the line of besiegers,
and, fighting hand to hand, worked their way through the
lanes and bazaars to the rescue of their comrades. Although
relief was brought to the garrison, the British force was too
small to drive away the enemy, whose thousands still enabled
them to continue the siege. If, however, the rebels had been
unsuccessful before the arrival of Havelock's force, their
chances of success were now hopeless, and the British
garrison maintained a vigorous and successful defence
until the city was finally relieved. In the almost daily en-
counters which took place the men of the " York and Lancaster"
performed many deeds of heroism, and the conclusion of the
campaign found the regiment well represented in the list of
those who were granted the coveted honour of the Victoria
Cross, four Crosses and two commissions being granted to the
men of this regiment.
576
Within two or three years the men of the 1st Battalion were
showing equal heroism and daring in the war against the
Maoris in New Zealand during 1861, 1862, and 1863. The
Maoris were not indeed formidable as regards their numbers,
but their savage courage, and the skill with which they chose
their positions, rendered them a difficult and dangerous enemy
to deal with. In the men of the old 65th. however, they found
their match, and among the many gallant episodes of the
war none stand out in greater relief than that associated with
Sergeant McKenna. News having arrived at the British
camp of the existence ten miles away of a stockade, or " Pah "
as it was called, hidden away in a torest which clothed the
side of a mountain, a detachment of the regiment, consisting
of a captain, lieutenant, sergeant, and 38 men, was on the
7th of September ordered to surprise the enemy. The party
struggled across ravines and swamps, and making their way
with difficulty through the thick forest, came at nightfall in
the vicinity of the " Pah." They found a small body of the
enemy talking and laughing round their fire, and the captain at
once ordered his men to charge along the narrow forest path.
In a moment, however, it became apparent that the Maoris had
been aware of their approach, for from behind the trees and
bushes came a deadly fire, so close indeed that the enemy's
powder burned the men's clothes. The captain was shot
dead, the lieutenant seriously wounded, and Sergeant McKenna
was left to face a situation which would have appalled the
stoutest heart; but he was equal to the occasion, and gallantly
seconded by his men rushed at the enemy, and notwithstanding
their numbers, for there were at least 300, drove them back
into the recesses of the forest. Then came the perilous task
of returning to the camp, a weary journey of 10 miles, bearing
their officers with them, and in the face of a numerous enemy
who had, however, fortunately received too severe a lesson to
come to close quarters. Cheered and animated, however,
577
by the spirit which refuses to acknowledge despair, and which
has often turned a disaster into a British victory, the party
struggled on until they were in safety. Well might their
general say, " There is not another corps in the colony could
have done as the 65th." Sergeant McKenna received a
Victoria Cross and a commission, and four privates received
the medal for distinguished conduct in the field. Corporal
Ryan was also gazetted as receiving the Victoria Cross^ but
never lived to wear it, being unfortunately drowned whilst
trying to save a comrade.
The next war service of the regiment was in 1882, when the
2nd Battalion accompanied Lord Wolseley against Arabi
and his Egyptian army. The battalion behaved with its
usual steadiness when at Magfor, where they were under fire
for almost 12 hours, and in the first fight at Kassassin Lock
they formed part of the 2,000 men who held in check and
finally drove back 10,000 of the enemy. They were in the
2nd Brigade in the thrilling night march which preceded the
battle of Tel-el-Kebir. Suddenly awakened by the close
approach of the British army, the Egyptians opened a heavy
fire of cannon and musketry, which continued until they were
swept away from their entrenchments. How the " York and
Lancaster " men behaved may be gathered from General
Graham's official despatch : "The steadiness of the advance
of the 2nd Brigade under what appeared to be an overwhelm-
ing fire of musketry and artillery will remain a proud remem-
brance."
After this it was the turn of the 1st Battalion. On its way
from India it was stopped at Suakin, in time to take part in
the short but desperate fights with Osman Digna and his
Arab Army. The formation of the ground allowed the Arabs
to come within striking distance without being checked by
the British musketry, and at both fights the men of York
and Lancaster baffled the heavy spears and two-handed swords
578
of the Arabs with the British bayonet. In speaking of these
actions at a Scottish gathering, General Sir Archibald Alison
said, " As Scotchmen they had reason to be proud of the
Highland regiments, just as Englishmen had reason to be
proud of the gallant York and Lancaster."
A detachment of 6 officers and 150 N.C.O. and men served
as mounted infantry during the campaign in Matabeleland and
Rhodesia, 1896.
Four companies were on board the R.I. M.S. " Warren
Hastings " on passage from South Africa to India, when that
ship was wrecked on the coast of the island of Reunion in
January, 1897. A special Army Order was published by the
Commander-in-Chief, in which he expressed how proud he was
of the behaviour of the troops on this trying occasion, and
held it up as an example of strict discipline.
The regiment was next represented in the South African
campaign, where it formed part of the gallant force which, under
Sir Redvers Buller, brought relief to their beleaguered com-
rades in Ladysmith.
The York and Lancasters took an active part in the various
attempts made to force the Boer positions on the Tugela River,
and which culminated in the battle of Pieters Hill on the 27th
February, 1900, when with the loss of 500 men the Boers were
compelled to abandon their long held trenches, and the way
to Ladysmith was opened.
The regiment marched into Ladysmith on the 3rd March,
and subsequently took part in the operations which forced
the Boers to evacuate their formidable positions at Laing's
Nek, and then followed the enemy into the Transvaal.
In the later stages of the war the regiment had its share of
the incessant marching and skirmishing which ensued before
peace was proclaimed, and though not engaged in any of
the more important actions its energies were not the less
taxed.
579
Its casualties amounted to 1 officer and 65 N.C.O. and
men killed in action or died of wounds, disease, &c., and 5
officers and 162 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The 3rd Battalion (Militia) volunteered for the campaign,
and embarked for South Africa on the 24th December, 1901.
It was chiefly employed in blockhouse duty and convoy work,
and returned home on the 22nd September, 1901. A represen-
tative detachment was also furnished by the Volunteer
Battalion, which rendered good service with the line
battalion.
The following is a list of Victoria Crosses and Distinguished
Conduct Medals awarded to soldiers of the York and
Lancaster Regiment for acts of courage on the battle-
field :
The Victoria Cross.
Captain, Hon. A. H. A. Anson. For conspicuous bravery at
Boolundshur on the 28th September, 1857. The 9th Light
Dragoons had charged through the town and were re-forming
in the serai ; the enemy attempted to close the entrance by
drawing three carts across it so as to shut in the cavalry and
form a cover from which to fire upon. Captain Anson, taking
a lance, dashed out of the gateway and knocked the drivers off
their carts. Owing to a wound in his left hand, received at
Delhi, he could not stop his horse, and rode into the middle of
the enemy, who fired a volley at him, one ball passing through
his coat. At Lucknow, at the assault of the Secundra Bagh,
on the 16th November, 1857, he entered with the storming
party on the gates being burst open. He had his horse killed
and was himself slightly wounded. Major-General Sir James
Hope Grant, K.C.B., in his despatch stated, " He had shown
the greatest gallantry on every occasion, and has slain many
enemies in fight."
580
Sergeant-Major George Lambert, afterwards Lieutenant and
Adjutant of the 84th Regiment. For distinguished conduct at
Onao on the 29th July, at Bithoor on the 16th August, and at
Lucknow on the 25th September, 1857.
Lance-Corporal A. Boulger. For distinguished bravery and
forwardness as a skirmisher in all the twelve actions fought
between the 12th July and the 25th September, 1857. This
N.C.O. afterwards became Quartermaster of the regiment and
retired with the honorary rank of Lieut.-Colonel in 1887.
Lance- Corporal R. Sinnott. For conspicuous gallantry at
Lucknow on the 6th October, 1857, in going out with Sergeants
Glenn and Mullins to rescue Lieutenant Gibaut, who, in carrying
out water to extinguish a fire in the breastwork, had been
mortally wounded. They brought in the body under a
heavy fire. Lance-Corporal Sinnott was twice wounded.
His comrades unanimously elected him for the Victoria
Cross as the most worthy. He had previously repeatedly
accompanied Lieutenant Gibaut when he carried out water to
extinguish the fire.
Private J. Holmes. For distinguished conduct in volunteer-
ing to assist in working a gun of Captain Maude's battery under
a heavy fire, from which gun nearly all the artillerymen had
been shot away.
Private P. Mylott. For being foremost in rushing across a
road under a shower of balls, to take an opposite enclosure, and
for gallant conduct at every engagement at which he was
present with his regiment from the 12th June, 1857, to the
relief of the garrison. Elected by the private soldiers of the
regiment.
Colour- Sergeant E. McKenna. For gallant conduct at the
engagement near Camerontown, New Zealand, on the 7th
September, 1863, after both his officers (Captain Swift and
Lieutenant Butler) had been shot in charging through the
enemy, in drawing off his small force, consisting of 2 Sergeants,
581
1 Bugler and 35 men, through a broken and rugged country,
with the loss of but one man killed and another missing.
Corporal J. Ryan. For gallantry at the action near Cameron-
town on the 7th September, 1863.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-58. Sergeant- Major H. Jenkins.
Maori War, New Zealand, 1863-64. Sergeants M. Meara,
J. Bracegirdle ; Privates W. Bulford, J. Talbot, B. Thomas,
J. Cole.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Colour-Sergeant C. E. Walkley.
Soudan Campaign, 1883. Colour-Sergeants C. Wake, G.
Hayward ; Sergeants J. Doyle, F. Webb ; Lance-Sergeant
H. Haycock, H. James ; Corporals H. Baxter, D. Dossett.
Soudan Campaign, 1884. Sergeant H. Howell ; Lance-
Sergeant A. Franklyn ; Private P. Foy.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Colour- Sergeant A.
Acheson, F. Holley, J. Stewart ; Sergeants J. J. Millar,
E. J. Randall ; Corporals A. L. Grove, W. Hunter ; Privates
W. L. Savage, R. Moor.
Wreck of the R.I.M.S. " Warren Hastings.'-'
Lieutenant R. Selous, Second Lieutenant G. E. Bayley,
Lance-Corporal N. Roe and Private T. Flannery. Awarded the
silver medal of the Royal Humane Society.
Sergeant-Maj or H. J. Harrold. Awarded the silver meda!
for " meritorious service " and an annuity of 10 for his highly
meritorious service on the occasion of the wreck.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE
DURHAM LIGHT INFANTRY,
BADGES,
The United Red and White Rose,
A Bugle.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
" SALAMANCA," " VITTORIA," " PYRENEES, " "NIVELLE," " ORTHES," "PENINSULA,'
"ALMA," "INKERMAN," "SEVASTOPOL," "PERSIA," " RESHIRE," " BUSHTRE,"
" KOOSHAB," " NEW ZEALAND,"
"SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," "RELIEF OF LADTSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET. FACINGS-DARK GREEN.
Depot Headquarters-NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (1st Durham Militia) . . . . . . Barnard Castle.
4th Battalion (2nd Durham Militia) .. .. Neivcastle-upon-Tyne.
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
1st . . . . . . Stockton.
2nd . . . . Bishop Auckland.
3rd . . . . . . Sunderland.
4th Durham.
5th .. .. .. .. Gateshead.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR His MA.IKSIT'S STATIONERY OFFICH,
BY HARRISON AND SOXS, ST MARTIN'S LANK,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., FETTER LANE, E.G., or
OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBURGH ; or
S. PONSONBY, 116, GRAFTON STREET, DUBLW.
585
TREE
DURHAM LIGHT INFANTRY.
THIS gallant regiment, the contribution of Durham to the
ranks of His Majesty's Army, consists ofj^two battalions,
formerly numbered the 68th and 106th Regiments of Light
Infantry. The first of these battalions^ has been intimately
connected with the county of Durham for over 100 years,
and indeed chiefly consisted of Durham men on its formation
in 1756, its first colonel being Colonel, afterwards General,
Lambton, many years Member of Parliament for the county.
Few regiments have, therefore, a greater claim than the
Durham Light Infantry upon their county, both to maintain
its ranks with an adequate supply of gallant young fellows to
do it credit, and to take into consideration the claims of the
discharged, or time-expired soldier.
The following brief summary of its history, with that of its
2nd Battalion, the old 106th Light Infantry, may perhaps
serve to increase the interest of the county in this gallant
corps, which looks to Durham for worthy successors to
those who fought around its colours in the past. In 1756, it
was called into existence as a 2nd Battalion of the 23rd Regi-
ment, but two years later it was made a separate corps and
numbered the 68th. In 1808 it was made a Light Infantry
Regiment. In 1881 it received its present title of the 1st
Battalion Durham Light Infantry.
2 t> f,
586
The earlier war services of this battalion appear to have been
in certain descents made on the French coast during the
frequently recurring hostilities between this country and
France ; but in 1761 and following years we find it fighting in
the West Indies, and engaged in the capture of one or other of
these valuable islands from the French or Spanish. As early
as 1764 it had established for itself a high reputation, being
granted the motto " Faithful," for its conduct in a campaign
against the natives in St. Vincent. In 1793, it was called upon
to disarm a regiment of black soldiers which had mutinied and
murdered its English officers, and five companies accordingly
proceeded to the fort where the rebels were stationed. On
approaching the fort the blacks formed into line, a proceeding
imitated by the Durham Regiment, which only halted when
15 paces away from the opposing line. Then came a curious
ceremony, for, taught by habits of discipline, the men of
the black regiment gravely presented arms, although their
hands were red with the blood of their officers, and the compli-
ment was at once returned by the English. The blacks were
then ordered to lay down their arms, but here their obedience
stopped short, and instead they began to fire. A volley was
thereupon poured into them, and the bayonets of the Durham
men drove them in headlong confusion over the country.
The next service of note was in 1809, when the 1st Battalion
joined the Walcheren expedition and took part in the capture
of Flushing. In 1811 it went to the Spanish Peninsula to earn
its share of the fame which the genius of Wellington and the
valour of the British soldiers won from the legions of Napoleon.
After covering the sieges of Badajoz and Ciudad Rodrigo, the
battalion advanced to Salamanca, and a small affair with the
French at Moresco furnished a striking example of the tough-
ness of our Peninsular soldiers, for we read that a Captain
Mackay, of the battalion, received no less than 22 bayonet
wounds from the French, and yet lived to fight again.
587
On June 28th, the day after the fall of Salamanca, a serious
attack was made on the picquets of the battalion by the
enemy, and the manner in which it was repulsed earned
the high praise of General Cole. On July 22nd was fought
the battle of Salamanca, in which the 1st Battalion was
actively engaged, and which resulted in an overwhelming
defeat of the French, their total loss in killed, wounded, and
prisoners amounting to over 20,000, while the British casualties
were only slightly over 5,000.
The battalion was also present at the splendid victory of
Vittoria on the 21st June, 1813, when within a few hours a
French army of 70,000 men was irretrievably beaten, and
Joseph Bonaparte, whom Napoleon had made King of Spain,
was forced to fly in such haste, that he and his courtiers, who
had come to witness the battle, left their baggage strewing
the ground, much of which, however, had been plundered by
them from the Spaniards.
In the series of desperate struggles which took place amid the
mountains and valleys of the Pyrenees before the French were
finally expelled from Spain, the 1st Battalion gained much
distinction, and notably so at the heights of Eschellar, where
Wellington himself described the attack of the brigade to which
it belonged, as " the most gallant, the finest thing he ever
witnessed."
In November, following, Wellington attacked the formid-
able position taken up by Marshal Soult on the Nivelle,
and the skilful dispositions of the English commander, com-
bined with the determined bravery of our troops, captured in
24 hours the position which the French marshal had been
three months fortifying. In this battle, the battalion was
called upon to attack the centre of the position at San Pe,
and the manner in which it did so called forth the following
remark in the Great Duke's despatch : " I likewise par-
ticularly observed the gallant conduct of the 51st and 68th
r,88
regiments in Major-General luglis's Brigade in the attack on
the heights above San Pe on the afternoon of the 10th."
With the same spirit the battalion fought at Orthes and at
the capture of Bordeaux. While in the latter city, the abdica-
tion of Napoleon terminated the Peninsular War.
Forty years now intervened during which it did not fall to the
lot of the 1st Battalion to be engaged on active service with an
enemy, but in various quarters of the globe it took its turn of
duty in guarding the safety of our colonies and possessions.
The Crimean War of 1854, however, called it into the field,
and the battles of the Alma and Inkerman and the siege
of Sevastopol proved that 40 years of peaceful employment
had in no way diminished the value of the Durham Light
Infantry as a fighting regiment. With their comrades they
swarmed up the slopes of the Alma, and fought stoutly on that
foggy 5th of November at Inkerman, where the Russians
outnumbered us by six to one. The following extract from
Kinglake, the historian of the war, describes one of the charges
made by the Durham men on that eventful day :
" The four companies of the 68th, under Colonel Henry
Smyth, with the two companies of the 46th, under Captain
Hardy, formed up on their left, had already deployed on a
front towards the body marked out for attack ; and the
brigadier, General Torrens, now placing himself at their
head, these 400 men in line, closely followed by Cathcart
and his staff, began to move down the steep. Cathcart
some time before had caused them to leave their greatcoats,
and they were the only considerable body of infantry who on
this day disclosed their red uniforms. Traversing difficult,
obstructed grounds, and incurring after a while heavy fire
from artillery, as well as from the troops in their front, they
still worked their way down with a keenness which even
in the eyes of the enemy, looking up from some distance
below was expressive it would seem, of a resolute purpose,
589
for the troops which this attack threatened were presently
seen to waver, if not indeed to give way, and our people then
no longer firing, but setting their hearts on the bayonet,
descended with impetuous haste to strike at the shaken
mass. Colonel Henry Smyth, commanding the 68th men,
had his horse shot under him, and Captain Wynne fell dead
in the midst of this charge, being struck through the head
by a musket ball whilst leading forward his company and
striving to keep it united ; but, if less than 400, the English
extended in line, and yet further disparted in moving by the
roughness of the ground, had by this time spread out a great
front, and already the huddled and clustered aggregate below
was shrinking under this onset as from the cast of a net, and
flying down the hillside."
Notwithstanding the serious losses, both in action and
owing to the hardships they were called upon to undergo, the
men of the battalion stuck resolutely to their work in the
trenches before Sevastopol, and when the fall of that place
concluded the campaign few had better earned the honours
which awaited the heroes of the Crimea.
The 2nd Battalion which had been raised in 1826, saw its
first serious campaign some 30 years later, although it had been
employed with credit against the warlike Mahrattas in 1844.
In 1856, however, it was included in an expedition sent to the
historic land of Persia, and met the flower of the Persian army
at Reshire. Strongly entrenched, the Persians offered a gallant
resistance, but the determined rush of our troops was irresis-
tible, and the Persians eventually broke and fled, leaving many
hundreds of their bravest on the field. Our soldiers then ad-
vanced on the important city of Bushire, but the bombardment
and the sight of our troops mustering for the assault, threw
the garrison into a panic, and they fled without fighting. At
Koosh-ab, however, a determined attack was made by the
Persians while our troops were on the march. Not only was
590
this attack repulsed, but the Persians were BO roughly handlec
that they fled, leaving their baggage and guns behind them
Although no further serious fighting took place, as the Persian;
could not again be induced to face the British in the open field
much fatiguing service fell to the lot of our soldiers, who als<
suffered much discomfort from the terrible dust storms whicl
they had to encounter on their march.
The submission of the Persian Government to the Englisl
demands happily set free our troops at the nick of time for th<
stern work which the suppression of the Indian Mutiny brough
to us. The 2nd Battalion, however, was not allowed to shar
in the fighting which ensued with the rebels, but was employee
in the less glorious though equally important duty o
remaining on guard in the Bombay Presidency to overawi
the disaffected, and thus prevent the spread of th<
rebellion.
In 1864, the 1st Battalion took part in the campaign agains
the Maoris of New Zealand. In this campaign the mos
noteworthy incident was the attack on the Gate Pah, a largi
stockade situated amongst swamps and forest in a positioi
very difficult to approach. The conflict at this Pah was remark
able for the skill displayed by the Maoris in the constructioi
of rifle-pits and galleries, and for the tenacity with which the}
stuck to their posts. Much heroism was also displayed by ou;
troops, and when darkness put an end to the struggle, 1(
officers and 21 soldiers and sailors had fallen inside the stockade
Before the assault could be renewed next morning, a sailoi
discovered that the Maoris had fled during the night, and t
British fort subsequently took the place of the Maori stockade
The conduct of the battalion, whose duty included a difficull
march over a mud-flat, in which the men sank knee-deep, anc
a night in the forest, is described in the following extract frort
" The Maori War," by Major-General Sir James E. Alexander
" The officers and men of the 68th were accorded the greatesl
591
credit for the cheerfulness and zeal with which they performed
very harassing duties."
The next field service in which the regiment has been
engaged, was in Egypt in 1885, where the 2nd Battalion did
good service at the battle of Ginniss, which effectually
checked the invasion of Egypt by the followers of the
Mahdi.
Good service was rendered in India by the 2nd Battalion
during the plague epidemics of 1897 and 1898, and in 1899 the
South African War called the regiment again into the field.
The brunt of this fell upon the 1st Battalion, although good
service was also rendered by a mounted infantry detachment
sent from India by the 2nd Battalion.
The 1st Battalion embarked on the 24th October, 1899, for
South Africa, and proceeded to Natal, where it formed part of
the 4th or Light Brigade under General Lyttelton. In the
fighting which ensued before the relief of Ladysmith, the
Durham Light Infantry took a prominent part, being present
at the battle of Colenso, and all the battles on the Tugela,
including the Spion Kop operations, capture of Vaal Kranz,
Monte Christo, Railway Hill and Pieter's Hill.
The battalion was specially distinguished at Vaal Kranz,
and the following picturesque description of this fight is quoted
from Sir Conan Doyle's history : " The attack was led by the
Durham Light Infantry of Lyttelton's Brigade, followed by
the 1st Rifle Brigade, with the Scottish and 3rd Rifles in
support. Never did the old Light Infantry of Peninsula fame
go up a Spanish hillside with greater spirit and dash than these
their descendants, facing the slope of Vaal Kranz. In open
order they moved across the plain, with a superb disregard of
the crash and patter of the shrapnel, and then up they went, the
flittiag figures springing from cover to cover, stooping, darting,
crouching, running, until with their glasses the spectators on
Swartz Kop could see the gleam of the bayonets and the strain
592
of furious rushing men upon the summit as the last Boers were
driven from thejr trenches."
After the battle of Pieter's Hill had broken down the Boer
positions on the Tugela. the Durhams with the rest of their
war-worn comrades marched into the streets of Ladvsmith
.
and so ended the memorable 118 days' siege of that historic
town.
After the relief of Ladvsmith, the battalion advanced in the
van of Sir Redvers Buller's Army, and fought and mananivred
the Boers out of Laing's Xek. joining hands with the army
under Lord Roberts at Greylingstad.
In the later phases of the campaign much arduous duty was
performed by the battalion in hard marching as well as in the
difficult work of protecting the railway lines in the Eastern
Transvaal and subsequently manning a line of blockhouses
on the Swazi Border.
Space does not permit the mention of the fighting and
marching which fell to the lot of the mounted infantry contin-
- .ts. which formed part of Gough's Mounted Infantry and the
-nd Division of Mounted Infantry, but little fighting took
place in the latter part of the campaign in which the gallant
mounted infantry were not represented.
The total casualties of the Durham Light Infantry during
the campaign amounted to 6 officers and 112 X.C.O. and men
killed or died of wounds, disease. &c., and 10 officers, 155
X.C.O. and men wounded an unfailing testimony to its
sterling services.
The militia and volunteers of the regiment also share in the
credit of the campaign. The 3rd Battalion volunteered for
active sen-ice, and landed in South Africa on the 3rd Februarv
*
1900, where, for 15 months, it carried out the arduous and harass-
ing task of guarding the long lines of communications on which
the fighting line depended. The 4th Battalion embarked for
South Africa on the 1st February, 1902, and in the closing
593
months of the campaign did good service in the blockhouse lines,
and also furnished a mounted detachment for convoy duty.
The following soldiers of the Durham Light Infantry have
worn special distinctions for acts of courage on the field of
battle :-
The Victoria Cross.
In the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Captain T. de C. Hamil-
ton. This officer, on the occasion of a sortie from Sebastopol,
seeing that the Russians had captured one of our batteries,
gallantly charged them at the head of a few men and drove
them off. Private John Byrne, for conspicuous daring during
the war.
New Zealand War, 1864. Sergeant John Murray, for
gallantly attacking, single-handed, a rifle pit occupied by ten
of the enemy.
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-5. Colour-Sergeant H. Sladden ;
Corporals John Coughlan, Joseph Button, George Harrington,
William Starkie ; Bugler H. Sanderson ; Privates M. Cormick,
J. Deacon, TV. Fletcher, J. Harwood, C. Hutchinson, S. Lucas,
A. Moulton, J. Ogden, and TV. Tame.
New Zealand War, 1864. Sergeant-Major Tudor ; Lance-
Sergeant J. Castles ; Corporal J. Byrne.
Soudan Campaign, 1885-6. Sergeant Stewart ; Private John
Warburton.
South African Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant-Major J.
Freel ; Colour-Sergeants A. Noble, J. P. L. Shea, R. Ward ;
Sergeants T. Beeby, TV. H. Littlejohn, T. Sv.eeney, M. J.
O'Brien ; Corporals H. Hawkins, A. Neale ; Lance-Corporal
C. Steele ; Privates G. Bennett, J. Cottle, E. Horton, J. S.
Parker, S. Pickford, J. W T . Robson, and. J. Bell.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
HIGHLAND LIGHT IHFAHTRY.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Elephant, superscribed "ASSAYE."
' CARNATIC," " SHOLINGUR," " MYSORE," " HINDOOSTAN," " SERINGAPATAM,"
' CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 1806," " ROLEIA," " VIMIERA," " CORUNNA," " BUSACO,"
' FUENTES D'ONOR," "CIUDAD RODRIGO," " BADAJOZ," " ALMARAZ," " SALAMANCA,"
' VITTORIA." " PYRENEES," " NIVELLE," " NIVE," " ORTHES," " TOULOUSE,"
' PENINSULA," " WATERLOO," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1851-2-3," " SEVASTOPOL,"
' CENTRAL INDIA," "EGYPT, 1882," " TEL-EL-KEBIH," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902,"
RIVER."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS BUFF.
Depot Headquarters HAMILTON,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (1st Koyal Lanark Militia)
4th Battalion (1st Royal Lanark Militia)
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS
1. 1st ..
2. 2nd ,
Glasgoiv.
Glasgow.
3. 3rd ..
4. 9th Lanarkshire
Hamilton.
Hamilton.
Glasgow.
Lanark.
5. 5th
Glasgow.
L X D N :
PRINTED KOR His MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFHCE,
BY HARRISON* A XL) SON'S. ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And t'j be purchased, either dire.-tly or through any Bookseller, from
\VYM\\ AND SONS, LTD.. FETTKH LANE, E.G., or
OUVhR AM) IJ(iYl), EDISHURGH; or
E. ro.\.S,)XISY, 11.!, G.IAFTON STREET, DCELIM.
597
THE HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY.
THE present 1st Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry
was raised in 1777, by John Mackenzie (Lord Macleod), and
was embodied at Elgin in April, 1778. Its original number
was 73, and it was called " Macleod's Highlanders." It is
the senior Clan Regiment of the Highland Brigade, and the
second oldest Highland regiment.
After serving for a few months in the Channel Islands
and south of England, the regiment embarked for India, in
January, 1779, under the command of Lord Macleod, and
arrived at Madras in 1780, after a voyage of 12 months.
Before the end of the year the regiment entered on its long
career of hard fighting ; for, in September, the flank com-
panies were cut to pieces at Perambaukum, where they covered
themselves with glory by their heroic stand against over-
whelming numbers.
New flank companies were formed, and the regiment shared
in all the battles of the Carnatic, Porto Nuovo, Sholinghur,
Arnee, and the attack on Cuddalore, where it captured seven
different redoubts, and lost, in killed aud wounded, 13 officers
and 272 men. The following is an extract from the orders
598
issued by the Commander-in- Chief at the conclusion of the
battle :
" I am also grateful to Captain Lamont and the officers
under his command, who gallantly led the precious remains
of the 73rd Eegiment through the most perilous road to
glory, until exactly one-half of the officers and men of the
battalion were either killed or wounded."
In 1786, owing to the establishment of the Army being
reduced, the numerical title of the regiment was changed from
73rd to 71st.
The next active service in which the 71st took part was
the campaign in Mysore, which included the capture of Ban-
galore, Seringapatam, Nundydroog, and Savendroog.
In 1793 the flank companies took part in the capture of
Pondicherry and Ceylon. In 1797 the regiment sailed for
home, leaving behind about 500 men, most of whom
were drafted to the 74th Highlanders now the 2nd
Battalion.
After serving with distinction at the Cape of Good Hope,
the regiment proceeded to Buenos Ayres, which they captured ;
but being surrounded by large and increasing numbers of the
enemy and receiving no assistance, they eventually had to
surrender.
The following is an extract from the speech made to the
71st by Lieut. -General Floyd on presenting new colours :
" Brave 71st, the world is well acquainted with your gallant
conduct at the capture of Buenos Ayres, in South America,
under one of His Majesty's bravest generals.
" It is well known that you defended your conquest with
the utmost courage, good conduct, and discipline, to the
last extremity ; when diminished to a handful, hopelc ss of
succour, and destitute of provisions, you were overwhelmed
by multitudes, and reduced by the fortune of war, to lose your
liberty and your well defended colours, but not your honour.
599
i
Your honour, 71st Regiment, remains unsullied. Your last
act in the field covered you with glory. Your generous
despair, calling upon your general to suffer you to die with
arms in your hands, proceeded from the genuine spirit of
British soldiers. Your behaviour in prosperity your sufferings
in captivity and your faithful discharge of your duty to
your King and country are appreciated by all."
A piper's banner, which was lost on the above occasion,
has since been restored.
In the first Peninsular Campaign, the 71st took part in
the battles of Roleia, Vimiera, and Corunna, in all of which
actions the regiment greatly distinguished itself.
In March, 1809, Royal authority was granted to make the
7 1st a light infantry regiment, and it was permitted to retain
such parts of the national dress as were not inconsistent
with its duties as " light infantry."
The dress of the regiment at this date was tartan trews,
and the bonnet cocked. The 71st was thus the first regiment
to wear trews. Space does not admit of mentioning in
detail the many distinguished services rendered by the 71st
during the second Peninsular Campaign. At Sobral, a soldier
named John Rea particularly distinguished himself, and
received a medal with the following inscription :
" To John Rea, for his exemplary courage, and good conduct
as a soldier, at Sobral, 14th October, 1810."
Torres Vedras, Fuentes d'Onor, and Almarez saw the 71st
heavily engaged. Victory invariably crowned their efforts.
In the battle of Vittoria, which resulted in one of the most
decisive victories ever gained over the French, the 71st took
a leading part. At a critical moment the regiment was
ordered to advance. This it did at the double, the men
carrying their bonnets in their hands, and their muskets at
the trail, and completely routed the enemy. Their gallant
commander, Colonel the Hon. Henry Cadogan, fell mortally
2 Q
600
wounded while leading his men up the heights of La Puebla.
He asked if the French were beaten, and being told by an
officer that they were giving way at all points, he ejaculated,
" God bless my brave countrymen ! " and immediately
expired.
Besides Colonel Cadogan, nearly 400 officers and men of
the 71st were killed or wounded. The Scottish poet, William
Glen, celebrates the battle in a poem, of which the following
is one of the verses :
" Loud was the battle's stormy swell,
Where thousands fought and many fell,
But the 71st they bore the bell
At the Battle of Vittoria."
The 71st took part in the battles of the Pyrenees, Nive,
&c. In one engagement a picquet of 15 men behaved with
such unflinching courage, when attacked by a strong body
of the enemy, that they were presented with special medals.
jg At Waterloo the 71st formed part of General Adam's
Brigade. At one period of the battle the Duke of Wellington
was in the square formed by the regiment, when charged by
the French cavalry. At the close of the day the 71st was
in the final charge on Napoleon's Imperial Guard.
An interesting account of the part taken by the 71st at
Waterloo may be found in a book called " The Great Shadow,"
by Sir Conan Doyle.
The regiment served in the trenches before Sevastopol,
and in the successful expedition to Kertch and Yenikale,
and won much distinction in the Central India Campaign of
1858, when Private Kodgers won the Victoria Cross. It also
took part in the Umbeyla Campaign of 1863, including the
storming of the Craig Picquet.
The Pipers have especially distinguished themselves on
two occasions. At Porto Nuovo, Sir Eyre Coote was so pleased
with the conduct of a piper that he exclaimed, " Well done,
my brave fellow ! You shall have silver pipes when the battle
601
is over." The General presented a set of silver pipes to the
regiment.
At Vimiera, Piper George Clark, being wounded early in
the day, continued to play his pipes from where he fell until
the whole regiment had passed him, and on this account
received a medal from the Highland Society of London.
The 2nd Battalion was raised in 1787 by Major-General
Sir Archibald Campbell, and was called the 74th Highlanders.
The 74th proceeded to India, where it remained from
1788 to 1805 ; during a portion of this time being brigaded
with the 71st, now the 1st Battalion. Among other engage-
ments in which the regiment took part was Seringapatam,
at which battle its losses were 9 officers and 156 men killed
and wounded. On the 23rd September, 1803, the 74th took
part in the battle of Assaye, where it greatly distinguished
itself 18 officers and 424 men being killed or wounded.
Every officer present with the regiment was either killed
or wounded, except Quarter-Master Grant, who led the
remnant out of action. For its services on this occasion
the 74th were granted a special colour a white one with an
elephant on it, with the word " Assaye."
In 1810 the regiment proceeded to the Peninsula, where
it remained till 1814, taking part in most of the engage-
ments of the campaign, including those of Busaco, Fuentes
d'Onor, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria,
Nivelle, Orthes, and Toulouse. The losses during this period
amounted to 56 officers and 569 men killed or wounded.
On all occasions the 74th behaved with great gallantry,
receiving many commendations from the Commander-in-
Chief and from its leaders in the field. In 1851, after
serving at home, in Canada, and in the West Indies, the
regiment went to South Africa, and took a leading part in
the Kaffir War gaining much praise.
In 1853 a splendid example of heroism and discipline was
2 Q 2
602
displayed at the sinking of the " Birkenhead " a troop-
ship carrying drafts to regiments at the Cape, under the
command of Lieut. -Colonel Seton, 74th Highlanders.
In the early morning of the 26th February, 1853, the
Birkenhead struck on a rock, the water rushing in, and drowning
many of the soldiers sleeping on the troop deck. The troops
were fallen in on deck, and remained standing quietly in
the ranks whilst the vessel was quickly sinking, and whilst
the women and children were safely placed in the boats. Of
those on board, out of 631 souls, 438 were drowned ; but not
a single woman or child was lost. A monument to the memory
of these men was placed in Chelsea Hospital by Her Majesty
Queen Victoria. The King of Prussia erected one at Berlin,
and being so impressed with this splendid example of chivalry,
devotion and discipline, ordered that the story of the loss
of the Birkenhead should be read at the head of every regiment
of his army on three parades.
In 1881, on the territorial system coming into force, the
71st Highland Light Infantry and the 74th Highlanders
were formed into one regiment, becoming, respectively, the
1st and 2nd Battalions of " The Highland Light Infantry."
In 1882 the 2nd Battalion proceeded to Egypt, there taking
part in the storming of Tel-el-Kebir, where it suffered
heavily 3 officers and 18 N.C.O. and men being killed ;
5 officers and 54 N.C.O. and men being wounded. Lieutenant
Edwards was awarded the coveted distinction of the Victoria
Cross " for conspicuous gallantry."
In August, 1897, the 2nd Battalion formed part of the Mala-
kand Field Force under Sir Bindon Blood, K.C.B., operating on
the North- Western Frontier of India. It took part in the
operations beyond the Malakand in the Bajour, Watelai and
Mamund Valleys. In January, 1898, it formed part of the
Boner Field Force under Sir Bindon Blood, K.C.B., and was
present at the attack and capture of the Tanga Pass on the 7tl
603
January, and subsequent operations in Boner, returning to
India on completion of the campaign.
The next occasion on which the 1st Battalion found itself
engaged was on the 6th September, 1898, in Crete, where it
was forming part of the International Army of Occupation.
Being stationed at that time at Kandia, a sudden and fana-
tical Moslem outbreak occurred, in which the battalion suffered
the loss of one officer (Lieutenant Haldane) and nine N.C.O.
and men killed, and Second Lieutenant Segraves and 24
N.C.O. and men were wounded.
Major-General Chermside spoke highly of " the coolness,
steadiness and gallantry of all concerned during a most difficult
and dangerous crisis."
In 1899 the outbreak of the Boer War called the 1st Battalion
into the field.
Under Lord Methuen the Highland Light Infantry fought
in the battle of the Modder Kiver, one of the severest fights
of the war, when, after a whole day's fighting under a pitiless
sun, the Boers stole away during the night.
This battle was fought on the 28th November, and, on the
llth December, the battle of Magersfontein followed. In
this engagement the Highland Light Infantry suffered severely
in common with other regiments of the Highland Brigade.
Although naturally shattered by the fearful outburst of fire
which in a few minutes killed and wounded 600 officers and
men of the Brigade, many deeds of heroism were performed
by the gallant Highlanders, and amongst others Corporal
Shaul of the regiment won the Victoria Cross by his coolness
and courage when in charge of the stretcher bearers.
Notwithstanding its heavy losses, the Highland Light In-
fantry was again fighting at Koodoosberg on the 6th February,
when the Highland Brigade made an attack on the extreme
right of General Cronje's position, while General French rode
round the left to the relief of Kimberley.
604
A part of the regiment managed to be up in time for the
battle of Paardeberg on the 18th February, when Cronj e was sur-
rounded and eventually forced to surrender.
Some severe fighting fell to the lot of the battalion at
Retiefs Nek and Wittepoort, during the operations in the
" Wittebergen," a mountainous 'district in which some
thousands of Boers under General Prinsloo were forced to
surrender.
A good deal of marching and fighting was done by the
regiment in the later stages of the campaign, and many weary
mouths were spent on garrison duty in towns and blockhouses,
needing incessant vigilance and often desperate fighting,
such as at Dewetsdorp when, after a gallant defence lasting
for six days, the Boers captured the town and garrison, in-
cluding a detachment of the regiment, which was, however,
soon released. Private Charles Kennedy won the coveted
Victoria Cross on this occasion by carrying a dangerously
wounded comrade for three-quarters of a mile under a very
hot fire to a place of safety.
The total losses of the regiment amounted to 4 officers,
87 N.C.O. and men killed in action or died of wounds, disease,
&c., and 11 officers 171 N.C.O. and men wounded.
Both the militia and volunteers of the regiment rendered
material assistance during the war. The 3rd Battalion volun-
teered for active service and embarked on the 24th December,
1901, returning home on the 20th September, 1902. During
its stay in South Africa it rendered good service to the block-
house lines and on convoy duty. The representative detach-
ments of the volunteer battalions who joined the line battalions
shared the privations and perils of their regular comrades with
equal endurance and cheerfulness.
The following is a list of soldiers of the Highland Light
Infantry who have won special distinctions for conspicuously
gallant conduct on the battlefield.
605
The Victoria Gross.
Indian Mutiny, 1857. Private G. Rodgers, at the taking of
the Morar Cantonments, attacked and killed three mutineers
single-handed.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Lieutenant W. M. M. Edwards,
for conspicuous gallantry at the battle of Tel-el-Kebir.
South African Campaign, 1899. Corporal J. F. D. Shaul ;
Private Charles Kennedy (see pages 9 and 10).
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
North West Frontier of India, 1864. Sergeant- Major
J. Blackwood ; Privates W. Clapperton, G. Stewart, W. Mal-
colm, W. Macdonald, W. Eamsay.
Egypt, 1882. Colour-Sergeant G. Robinson.
Crete, 1898. Colour- Sergeant A. Colville, Sergeant A. Gray,
Private W. Guthrie.
South African Campaign, 1899. Sergeant-Major A. Stevens ;
Colour-Sergeants J. B. Cameron, W. L. Mclntyre ; Sergeant
Piper J. Ross ; Sergeants G. A. McDowell, J. McGuchan ; Lance-
Corporal D. Fraser ; Private J. H. Burnett ; Piper J. McLellan.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS
(ROSS-SHIRE BUFFS, THE DUKE 0? ALBANY'S).
1st Battalion (72nd Highlanders}. 2nd Battalion (78th Highlanders).
BADGE AND MOTTO.
In each of the four corners the late Duke of York's Cypher and Coronet.
" Cuittich'n Righ."
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Elephant, superscribed " ASSAYE."
" CARXATIC," " MYSORE," " HIXDOOSTAN," " CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 1^03,"
" MAIDA," " JAVA," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1835," " SEVASTOPOL," " PEKSIA,"
" KOOSH-AB," " LUCKNOW," "CENTRAL INDIA," "PEIUAR KoTAL," " CHAP.ASIAH,"
" KABUL, 1879," " KANDAHAR, 1880," "AFGHANISTAN, 187^-80," "EGYPT, ls.-<2,"
" TEL-EL KEBIR," " CHITRAL," "ATBARA," "KHARTOUM,"
" SOUTH AFRICA, 1&99-1V-02," "PAARDKBERG."
UNIFORM-SCARLET. FACINGS BUFF.
Depot Headquarters FORT GEORGE,
MILITIA.
3rJ Battalion (Highland (Eifle) Militia) DingwaU.
VOLUNTEER B ATT A LIONS.
1st Battalion .. .. Diiigwull. \ 1st Sutherland .. ..
3rd Battalion Elt/i,t.
I. X \> O \- :
I' .''. KIIR Ills \IMKS"V'S Sl'AI'l I-. KIT
HV II MiitlSOX AM) S.iNS, ST MAIll'IN'S LANE,
1'itlXTERS IS OllDIXARY TO II IS IMAJESTY.
Anl tu !". purchased, cither direr-tip or through any Bu.ikseller, from
\\ niAN' ANT) SONS, I/rn.. I'F.TTER L\NE, E.G., or
OI.IVKK AND 1JOV1), KDINIIL-ROH ; or
E. I'ONSONUY, 116, GRAITON STREET, DUBLIN.
609
SEAFORTH HIGHLANDERS
(Ross- shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's).
AMONG the Highland Regiments of His Majesty's Army the
Seaforth Highlanders hold a high place, and the services the
regiment has rendered to its country may be estimated to
some extent by the many battle scrolls emblazoned on its
colours.
The two battalions of this distinguished corps were formerly
numbered the 72nd* and 78th, under which designation most
of their fighting has been done. In 1881, however, they were
united under the title of Seaforth Highlanders, both
battalions having been raised by Earls of Seaforth ; the 1st in
1778, and the 2nd in 1793.
A year after its formation the 72nd was engaged in
the defence of the Island of Jersey, against a formidable
attack made by a French fleet, an attack which was
completely repulsed. It was then sent to India, where it
earned the following distinctions for its colours : " Carnatic/'
" Mysore," " Hindoostan." It landed after a tedious voyage
of ten months, during which the gallant Earl of Seaforth, the
Colonel, and over 200 of his faithful clansmen, had died on
board ship. So soon, however, as they became used to the
climate, so different to their native shores, their appearance
and bearing raised high hopes for their future, hopes which
* Originally numbered 78th and renumbered 72nd in 1786.
610
they speedily and amply justified in the stirring times whicl
followed.
The doings of Hyder Ali and his son Tippoo Sahib, rulers o
Mysore, had occupied the gravest attention of the Britisl
representatives in India ; both were able warriors, and thei:
large armies called forth the utmost exertion of our gallan'
troops to keep them in check, and in the campaigns in the
Carnatic and Mysore, the 72nd laid the foundation of thei:
future fame. At Cuddalore they drove back the enemy undei
a French adventurer named Bussy. The gallantry of Captaii
Maitland, an officer of the 72nd, who surprised and capturec
the enemy's guard during a violent storm, won for us the pos
session of Palacatcherry, a formidable fortress in Mysore. Ai
Bangalore, the fortifications of which Tippoo Sahib deemec
impregnable, the 72nd earned, in 1791, the thanks of th(
English General for leading the assault with an ardour whicl
was irresistible.
The exertions of the regiment were continued until the
fierce Tippoo Sahib saw his last stronghold, Seringapatam
at the mercy of the British, when he was forced to make
reparation. The next exploit of the 72nd was to capture froir
the Dutch the valuable and beautiful island of Ceylon.
During this period the 78th had not been allowed to remair
idle. In 1794 it was ordered to Holland to join the Duke o:
York's army on the Waal, and was distinguished in the sortie
from Nimeguen, the action at Geldermalsen (where Sir Davic;
Dundas stated that the advanced companies of the 78th had
saved the whole of that division of the army) and the desperate
retreat to Deventer. In June, 1794, a second battalion of the
78th was raised by Lord Seaforth and was present in the
following year at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope, includ-
ing the capture of the Dutch fleet in Saldanha Bay. Here
it was joined in 1796 by the first battalion from home, and the
two battalions having been consolidated embarked for India
611
in November, 1796. Here the 78th fought under Sir Arthur
Wellesley, in the Mahratta War of 1803-04, including the storm
of Ahmednagar, and the memorable battle of Assaye, where it
defeated a force ten times its number, and was rewarded with a
grant of a special badge, The Elephant superscribed ' ; Assaye,"
together with a third or honorary colour. In 180G the 72nd
earned high praise from Sir David Baird for its conduct in the
campaign which finally added South Africa to the possessions
of the British Empire. In 1804 another second battalion
was added to the 78th, which took part in the battle
of Maida and earned high commendation in the capture
of Cotrone, in the disastrous expedition to Egypt in
1807, when three companies were annihilated at El Hamet, and
in the terrible privations of the Walcheren expedition two
years later, where the hardy constitutions of its soldiers
enabled them to bear with fortitude the unusual severity of
the winter.
In the struggle against Napoleon, which this country so
successfully carried on in Europe, the 78th Highlanders were
but little engaged, but their gallant bayonet charges and their
conduct in the fighting near Antwerp in 1814, proved them
to be more than a match for the war-trained veterans of the
French Empire. This battalion was reduced in 1816.
In 1810 the 72nd Highlanders assisted in the conquest
of Mauritius from the French, and in the following year the
78th took the island of Java from the Dutch this island was,
however, subsequently restored.
The years of peace which the battle of Waterloo brought to
Europe did not affect the Seaforth Highlanders, for we find the
1st Battalion in 1819 fighting against the Kaffirs in South Africa
in protection of our colonists ; the death of a brave officer,
Captain Gethin, during these operations was attended with
circumstances which caused some comment. A party of
Dutch Boers had complained to this officer that their cattle
612
had been stolen by the Kaffirs, and asked him to lead them i
their effort to recover their property. Captain Gethir
accompanied by a few soldiers of the regiment, went wit
the Boers, and came up with the Kaffirs in the bush ; th
Captain and his brave Highlanders at once sprang forward t
attack the enemy, but were overwhelmed by numbers am
killed, after a desperate contest, when the Boers, who ha<
remained at a safe distance, retreated.
Again, in 1835, the same battalion took the field against th
Kaffirs, who had invaded the colony, killing the settler
and burning their houses, and it was specially praised b"
the Commander-in-Chief for the manner in which it operate*
over difficult country so successfully as to administer a sever
lesson to the natives, and thus secure the future safety o
our countrymen.
In 1842 the 1st Battalion enjoyed the high honour of havin;
a new set of colours presented to it by the- famous Duke o
Wellington, in the presence of Her Majesty Queen Victoria
H.K.H. the Prince Consort, the King of Prussia, and many othe
distinguished persons, on which occasion the great Duk
complimented the regiment on its reputation and history
and alluded to the time when, fifty years before, he had fough
with it against Tippoo Sahib.
The next campaign for the 78th regiment was in Persia
where, at Koosh-ab, they speedily put to flight the Persia]
army ; but sterner work awaited them on the outbreak of thi
Indian Mutiny in the following year.
The battalion joined Havelock's force, which marched fron
Allahabad for the relief of Cawnpore and Lucknow, wher<
small British garrisons, with women and children in thei
midst, were fighting desperately against overwhelming odds.
The terrible heat of the Indian summer made the marcl
a difficult and trying one, and the mutineers made ever;
effort to stop our soldiers. By the time Havelock's men hac
613
covered the 126 miles between Allahabad and Cawnpore,
they had fought and won four separate victories over the
rebel Sepoys. Cawnpore had, however, fallen into the hands
of the cruel Nana Sahib, and when our troops had regained
the place they were horrified to find the mutilated bodies of the
men, women and children whom they had come to save. The
Highlanders, we are told, were especially moved at the heart-
rending spectacle, and swore many a deep vow of vengeance.
In all haste the force marched on, dreading lest the same
fate might have befallen Lucknow, and, by dint of much
desperate fighting, arrived at that place in time to bring
help to the sorely-tried garrison. It was the sound of the
Highland music, as the regiment fought its way through the
narrow streets, that brought the first news of their relief
to the defenders of Lucknow. The conduct of the regi-
ment has been often praised, but probably no greater encomium
was ever bestowed on a British regiment than that which
General Havelock spoke of the 78th Highlanders. " I am
now upwards of sixty years old ; I have been forty years
in the service ; I have been engaged in actions seven and
twenty times, but in the whole of my career I have never seen
any regiment behave so well as the 78th Highlanders.* I am
proud of you. I am not a Highlander, but I wish I was one."
The 1st Battalion, though not linked with those episodes
of the Indian Mutiny which stand out most vividly, yet
did sterling work in the pursuit and dispersal of the rebel
Sepoys after they had been driven from the great centres of
insurrection at Delhi and Lucknow. The camel detachment
of the battalion was especially useful in giving the mutineers
no rest until all vestiges of resistance had ceased.
With the exception of minor expeditions against the Indian
frontier tribes, twenty years elapsed ere the Seaforth High-
landers had the next opportunity for displaying -their gallant
* Now 2nd Battalion Seaforth Highlanders.
and soldier like qualities. When, however, in 1878, the refus
of Shere Ali, the Ameer of Afghanistan, to receive a Briti;
Resident in Cabul called an English arniy into that countr
the regiment responded to the call of duty with all its o
fervour and dash. In the subsequent campaigns, too, whi<
followed the murder of Sir Louis Cavagnari in Kabul, no regime:
better earned the honours which were bestowed for the
campaigns.
At the storming of the Peiwar Kotal, where the Afghai
endeavoured to prevent the entry of the British into the
country, the 72nd Highlanders, amid mountains and glens mo
rugged and formidable than those of their own homes, climbe
the heights and stormed the enemy's position with a gallant]
which won from their General, now Lord Roberts, the follow
ing praise : " I cannot praise them too highly, the 72i
Highlanders* is a splendid regiment."
At Charasiah, a formidable position a few miles fro
Kabul, where the Afghans made a desperate stand on a ran;
of hills, the Seaforths led the attack, and in a few hou
the enemy were driven in all directions. As a practical pro
of the share which the regiment had in the victory it m
be stated that half the ammunition expended by the who
British force was used by the Seaforths. The celebrate
march of Lord Roberts from Kabid to Kandahar to relieve tl
British garrison at the latter place, and the battle that folio we
added still another laurel to the honours of the Seaforl
Highlanders. The 78th was also employed on the line <
communications but was not in action.
The next war service of the regiment was the Egyptian can
paign of 1882, under Lord Wolseley, where, among other service
it took part in the thrilling night march through the deser
and in the grey dawn swept over the Egyptian entrencl
ments at Tel-el-Kebir in true Highland style, driving tl
* Now 1st Battalion Seaforth Highlanders.
615
routed enemy before it as far as Zag-a-Zig, where it
halted.
In September 1888 and 1891, the 2nd battalion participated
in two Hazara campaigns, in neither of which was there much
fighting, although plenty of hard work and discomfort.
In 1895 the 2nd battalion formed part of the force
which went to the relief of the beleaguered garrisons in Chitral,
on the north-west frontier of India, and defeated the tribesmen
at Mamugai.
In 1897 the 1st battalion formed part of the International
contingent which was sent to Crete by the various European
Powers, to quell the insurrection in that island.
In 1898 the 1st battalion was in the Soudan, and at the
Atbara took a prominent part in the capture of the zariba,
where Mahmoud, the fighting emir of the Khalifa, was taken
prisoner and some 2,000 of his Arab followers were slain.
It next fought at the battle of Khartoum, where 60,000
Mahdists were defeated, over 10,000 of them being killed.
The Khalifa fled into the desert, where he perished a few
months later. This battle put an end to the barbarous rule
which had so long devastated the Soudan, and the
Seaforth Highlanders were present at the solemn service held
in memory of the heroic Gordon on the spot where he had died
fifteen years before in his attempt to save Khartoum.
The South African campaign of 1899-1902 next called the
regiment into the field, and in the attack on General Cronje's
position at Magersfontein on the llth December, 1899, the
Seaforths suffered very heavy loss (212 killed and wounded)
in common with the other regiments of the Highland Brigade.
The loss was not, however, all on one side, as in the course of
the action a Scandinavian corps, fighting on the side of the
Boers, and consisting of about 80 men, was completely disposed
of by the Seaforths, every man being either killed, wounded or
captured.
2 R
616
The regiment next took part in the demonstration at Koodoos-
berg, against the extreme right of the Boer position to distract
General Cronje's attention from Lord Roberts' plan of opera-
tions on his left flank.
At the cost of some hard inarching and some casualties,
the Highland Brigade successfully accomplished its mission,
and Cronje awoke too late to the fact that General French and
his horsemen had swept round the left of his position and
relieved Kimberley, and that the line of his own retreat was
threatened. He at once abandoned his position at Magers-
fontein and started a hasty retreat, but was headed off at
Paardeberg. The Seaforth Highlanders with their comrades
of the Highland Brigade made heroic efforts to be up in time
to repay Cronje for their losses at Magersfontein, and after a
forced march of some 30 miles, arrived in time to take a
prominent part in the battle of the 18th February, where the
regiment lost 152 killed and wounded.
The result of this action forced Cronje to relinquish part of
his position, and after some days of a severe bombardment,
he hoisted the white flag and surrendered with 4,000 of his men.
The Seaforth Highlanders then went forward on the march
to Bloemfontein, being present at the action at Poplar Grove
on 7th Match, and Driefontein on the 10th. At both of these
places the Boers were driven from the positions they had chosen
with comparatively little difficulty, and Bloemfontein was
occupied on the 13th.
The next important operation in which the regiment took
part was in the Wittebeigen. This was the name of the
district in which the Free State army under Prinsloo and
De Wet, some thousands strong, had made their headquarters,
and gradually after much gallant fighting, in which the
Seaforths took an active share, the Boers were gradually driven
from the mountain passes and positions they occupied until
on the 30th July, 1900, Prinsloo and his army surrendered.
617
Much arduous work fell to the lot of the regiment during
the later phases of the campaign, and many gallant fights
might be recorded, such as the capture of Jagersfontein and
the defence of Fauresmith did space permit, but whether on
trek, or in the blockhouse line, the Seaforth Highlanders con-
spicuously maintained throughout the campaign the high
standard of efficiency and courage which has always been
associated with the regiment.
Its losses in the campaign were 10 officers, 122 N.C.O. and
men killed in action or died of wounds ; 1 warrant officer and
31 N.C.O. and men died of disease, &c. ; and 20 officers and
294 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The militia reservists and volunteer service companies served
with the line battalion during the war with a spirit in every
way worthy of their distinguished corps.
The following long list of soldiers who have gained special
distinctions in time of war, will show how the reputation of the
regiment has been built up :
The Victoria Cross.
Indian Mutiny. Lieutenants J. P. H. Crowe, H. T.
McPherson, A. C. Boyle, A. S. Cameron ; Surgeon J. Jee ;
Assistant-Surgeon V. M. McMaster ; Colour-Sergeant S.
McPherson ; Privates J. Hollowell and H. Ward. (The Victoria
Cross had been awarded the 78th Highlanders for the con-
spicuous bravery shown by all ranks ; but, by a unanimous
vote of the officers, N.C.O. and men, Assistant- Surgeon
McMaster was chosen as its recipient.)
Afghan War, 1880. Lance-Corporal G. Sellar.
Ashanti Campaign, 1900. Sergeant J. Mackenzie (subse-
quently awarded a commission for distinguished service in West
Africa, now a Captain in the Royal Scots).
2 R 2
618
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Crimean Campaign, 1854-55. Sergeant J. Forbes ; Corporals
W. Williams and Rennie ; Privates P. Peacock, Y. Yovil,
Richardson, R. Smart, A. Cameron, W. Hislop, M. Jamieson
and C. Kennedy.
Peiwar Kotal. Sergeant-Instructor A. Salmond.
Afghan War, 1878. Colour-Sergeant T. Lumsden ; Sergeants
W. Coxe, R. Mcllveen and W. Greer (subsequently awarded a
commission in the 1st Battalion for distinguished service in
Afghanistan) ; Private D. Bonar.
Heights of Cabul, Afghan War, 1879. Colour-Sergeants
W. MacDonald and R. R. Lauder (subsequently awarded bai
to medal, which is equivalent to a second medal) ; Privates
J. Waterstone, R. McAnary and M. McMahon.
Engagement near Cabul, 1880. Colour-Sergeant G. Jacobs
(subsequently granted bar to medal) ; Lance- Corporal J
Clunas ; Private P. Gillon.
Kandahar, Afghan War, 1880. Corporal T. Gordon.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Colour-Sergeants D. Mackie, R
Robertson, J. McEwan and J. Mclver ; Sergeants D. McLeoc
(subsequently awarded a commission in the Cameron High
landers for distinguished service in this campaign) an<
G. Murray ; Corporal J. R. Lawrie ; Private A. Cameron
(For services rendered in this campaign, Sergeant-Majo
J. D. MacKay, 1st Battalion, was awarded a commission am
is now a Captain in the Middlesex Regiment.)
Nigeria, 1900. Sergeant J. Mackenzie.
South Africa Campaign, 1899-1902. Sergeant- Majoi
S. Gair and A. Farquhar (M.I.) ; Quartermaster-Sergear
G. Lee ; Colour- Sergeant J. Skinner ; Sergeants A. R. Hoar*
P. Thomson and J. H. Ashton ; Lance-Sergeant A. Miller
Lance-Corporal J. Smart ; Privates S. Morton, J. Hamiltoi
E. Steele, W. R. Bradley and D. Ross.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
GORDON HIGHLANDERS.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed "EGYPT." The Royal Tiger, superscribed "INDIA."
" MYSOHE," " SERINGAPATAM," " EGMONT-OP-ZEE," " MANDORA," " COHUNNA,"
" FUENTES D'ONOR," " ALMARAZ," " VITTORIA," " PYRENEES, " " NIVE,"
" ORTHES," "PENINSULA," "WATERLOO," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1885," "DELHI,"
" LUCKXOW," " CHARASIAH," " KABUL, 1879," "KANDAHAR, 1880," "AFGHANISTAN
1878-80," "EGYPT, 1882-84," " TEL-EL-KEBIR," "NILE, 1884-85," " CHITRAL,"
" TIKAH," "SOUTH AFRICA, 1899-1902," " PAARUEBERG," "DEFENCE OF
ADYSMITH."
UNIFORM SCARLET.
FACINGS YELLOW.
Depot Headquarters- ABERDEEN,
MILITIA.
3rd Battalion (Royal Aberdeenshire Militia) .. .. Aberdeen.
Allied Eegiment of Canadian Militia, 48th (Highlanders) Toronto, Canada.
1st
2nd
3rd
VOLUNTEER BATTALIONS.
Aberdeen. \ 4th
. . Old Meldrum.
Peterhead.
5th
6th
Aberdeen.
Banchori/.
Keith.
7th
Lerwick.
LONDON:
PRIXTKU FOR His MAJKSI'Y'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
BY HAltltlSOX 1 AXD SONS, ST MARTIN'S LANE,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, frotn
WYMAX AXD SONS, LTD., I'F.TTER LAM:, E.G., or
oLIVKll AXD liOYD, KDISIUJISGII ; or
E. PONSOXIJY, 110, GRAFTOX ST!-.!:.;!', DUI'.I.IM.
621
THE GORDON HIGHLANDERS
(Formerly the 75th and pand Regiments).
AT Stirling in 1788 there was assembled, under Colonel Robert
Abercromby, of Tullybody, a Highland regiment, which now
forms the 1st battalion of " The Gordon Highlanders."
At the end of that year these young Highlanders landed in
India, took the field in 1790, and remained almost constantly
on active service in Mysore and Southern India until 1804.
For their gallantry at the assault and capture of Seringapatam
in 1799, and for their services in India, the regiment received
from King George III permission to wear on their appoint-
ments " The Royal Tiger." This badge, in silver, is worn
on the coat collars of all the battalions of the Gordon High-
landers and by its volunteer battalions.
Towards the end of the eighteenth century there was raised,
by the active exertion of the ducal house of Gordon, another
regiment which is now known as the 2nd battalion of
the Gordon Highlanders. The statue of George, Marquis
of Huntly, the first Colonel, stands in the Castle Gate,
Aberdeen. The regiment received the title of Gordon High-
landers in 1794, in which year it was embodied in Aberdeen.
It went with the expedition to Holland in 1799, and at the
action of Egmont-op-Zee two men of the regiment afforded
such kindly assistance to General Sir John Moore as he lay
wounded on the field, that, in remembrance of the action the
General took, as one of the supporters of his coat-of-arrns,
the figure of a private soldier of the regiment. The Gordon
622
Highlanders particularly distinguished themselves in Egypt at
Aboukir and Alexandria, in the campaign of 1801, by which
Napoleon's " Army of the East " was driven out of Egypt.
For their services King George III conferred upon them the
honour of bearing upon their appointments The Sphinx,
superscribed " Egypt," and this badge is now worn on the
buttons and belt-plates of the officers of the regiment.
In 1807 the regiment formed part of the expedition to
Copenhagen, and in 1808 was ordered to Portugal and took
part in the battle of Corunna, in which battle the English
commander, Sir John Moore, was killed. The services of the
Gordon Highlanders in the Spanish Peninsula and the South
of France under the Duke of Wellington, are most graphically
related in the late James Grant's novel, " The Romance
of War." At Fuentes d'Onor, at Almaraz, and at Vittoria,
the regiment upheld its high military reputation and supported
the honour of its native country. In the many actions in the
passes of the Pyrenees the Gordon Highlanders were commended
for their persevering bravery, and, in the words of Sir W.
Napier, " Their stern valour would have graced Thermopylae."
On 25th July, 1813, the regiment was stationed in the Maya
pass, and 2,400 British troops were opposed to at least 10,000
French. On this occasion the Gordon Highlanders were ordered
by General Sir W. Stewart not to charge, the regiment having
been hotly engaged for ten successive hours, and in want of
ammunition. The regiment, however, for the first time,
disregarded an order, and not only charged, but led that
charge. During the whole of this day the conduct of the
92nd Regiment was most noble and devoted, in commem-
oration of which His Majesty was pleased to permit Lieutenant-
Colonel Cameron to bear on his shield the word " Maya."
The loss of the regiment that day was 20 officers wounded,
34 men killed, and 268 wounded.
After the engagements at the passage of the Nive and at
623
Ortnes, peace was established with France in 1814, and the
regiment was quartered in Ireland ; but on the escape of
Napoleon from Elba it was again called into the field of war,
and sailed for Ostend in May, 1815, arriving at Brussels at the
end of that month. On 16th June the regiment was ordered
to line a ditch on the road to the left of the farm houses
called " Les Quatre Bras," and the Duke of Welling-
ton took his station with it. The enemy poured a very
hot fire of artillery on this post, and the cavalry charged it,
but was received by a well-directed volley from the regiment
and forced to retire with a great loss of men and horses. The
French infantry had formed under cover of their cavalry
attacks, and now advanced upon the regiment, when the
Duke of Wellington said, " 92nd, you must charge those
fellows." These words were scarcely uttered, when every
man of the regiment sprung over the ditch, and his orders
were fully and literally obeyed. The enemy was not only
driven from the houses and gardens about Quatre Bras,
but chased for half a mile beyond it, till the regiment was re-
called, about nightfall, and the action ceased. In this action
they lost their colonel, John Cameron, of Fassifern, 4 other
officers, 35 N.C.O. and men killed, and 17 officers. 226 N.C.O.
and men wounded. At Waterloo on June 18th the Gordon
Highlanders bore well their part. Space will not permit
details of that famous battle, but it may be here stated that
about 2 o'clock in the afternoon of that memorable day the
enemy advanced a solid column of 3,000 infantry towards the
position of the regiment. This column continuing to press
forward, General Sir D. Pack galloped up to the regiment
and called out, " 92nd, you must charge, for all the troops to
your right and left have given way." Three cheers from the
corps expressed the devoted readiness of every individual in
its ranks, though its numbers were reduced at this time to
less than 300 men.
624
The French column did not show a large front. The regr
ment formed four-deep, and, in that compact order, advanced
till within 20 paces, when it fired a volley and instantly darted
into the heart of the French column, in which it almost became
invisible in the midst of the mass opposed to it. While the
regiment was in the act of charging, and the instant before it
came in contact with the enemy, the Scots Greys came trotting
up in rear of its flanks, when both corps shouted " Scotland
for ever." The column was instantaneously broken, and in its
flight the cavalry rode over it. The result of this dash, which
only occupied a few minutes, was a loss to the enemy of twc
eagles and 2,000 prisoners, those who escaped doing so without
arms or knapsacks. After this most brilliant affair, Sir Denis
Pack rode up to the regiment and said, " You have saved the
day, Highlanders, but you must return to your position ; there
is more work to be done." The regiment lost on this day 119
officers and men killed and wounded. After Waterloo, the
regiment served in Paris, and arrived at the Castle, Edinburgh,
in September, 1816.
The Gordon Highlanders served in the Kaffir war in South
Africa in 1835, and in the Crimea in 1855, but were not landed
till after Sebastopol had fallen. They took, however, a
prominent and distinguished part in the quelling of the
Mutiny in India in 1857. On the outbreak of the Mutiny
the regiment fought its way from Urnballa to Delhi, and held
the famous " Ridge " before that city from June to September
in the heat of the Indian summer and harassed by constant
sorties of the mutinous Sepoys, until the assault and capture
of the city in September. At the assault, they formed the
storming party of the bastion by the Kashmir Gate, success-
fully carried it. and occupied the Capital of the Moguls. They
were also engaged in the Relief of Lucknow, and in many
engagements in the north-west provinces and in Central
India. Twenty years passed before the regiment was again
625
in the field, and then its services were required in Afghanistan.
Charasiah, Kabul, Kandahar, and Afghanistan were added
by this campaign to the victories already emblazoned on the
colours. The march under General Lord Roberts from Kabul
to Kandahar, to relieve the garrison in that city, will not soon
be forgotten in the history of our Empire in India.
In 1882 the regiment joined the expedition to Egypt under
Lord Wolseley, and formed part of the Highland Brigade
which was the first to cross the trenches at Tel-el-Kebir ;
it remained in Cairo till the spring of 1884, when it was sent
to Suakin. It there fought two engagements, and dispersed
the Arabs who disturbed the peace of the Eastern Soudan.
In the Autumn of 1884 the Gordon Highlanders received
orders to join the Nile Expeditionary Force for the relief of
Khartoum and of General Gordon. They joined the " River
Column " and took their boats within a few miles of Abu-
Hamed, where they were ordered to return to Egypt, Khartoum
having fallen.
In 1895 the regiment took part in the Chitral Expedition
on the north-west frontier of India, and was distinguished
at the storming of the Malakand Pass and other actions of
the campaign. Two years later the regiment was again
on active service amid the wild scenery on our Indian frontier.
This time it was in the Tirah campaign, and at the storming of
the heights of Dargai the gallantry of the Gordon Highlanders
was so conspicuous as to form one of the proudest recollections
of the regiment. For seven months the regiment was marching
incessantly in a country beset with difficulty and fighting a
bold and enterprising enemy.
In October, 1899, the Eoer War commenced, and both
battalions of the regiment were called to the field.
At the battle of Eiandslaagte on the 21st October, 1899,
the Gordons raced with the Manchesters and Imperial Light
Horse in a gallant competition to be first in the enemy's
626
trenches, while no corps bore the privations of the 118 days'
siege of Ladysmith more cheerfully. On the 6th January, 1900,
some of the stiff est fighting of the war took place, when the
Boers again and again attempted in vain to drive our men from
their defences round Ladysmith. In the desperate, and often
hand to hand, fighting which took place the Gordons took a
distinguished share, and had much to do with the decisive
defeat sustained by the Boers.
While one battalion was defending Ladysmith, the other
was with Lord Eoberts, and with the Duke of Cornwall's,
Shropshires and Canadians formed the famous 19th Brigade
under General Smith-Dorrien.
At the battle of Paardeberg on the 18th February, 1900,
none charged more gallantly over the fire -swept zone to the
Boer trenches on the river bank, than this brigade, or achieved
better results ; and on the 26th, the Canadians and Gordons
by a daring night advance, secured a position which commanded
the Boer trenches, with the result that at daybreak the white
flag went up and Cronje and 4,000 other Boers became prisoners
of war.
At Houtnek on the 1st May, the Boers were swept out of
their position on the crest of the hill, by the determined advance
of Smith-Dorrien's Brigade, and at Doornkop on the 29th
May. the Gordon Highlanders left nearly 100 men on the
field in their gallant advance against the Boers across the
open.
They were also present in the fights at Driefontein and
Johannesberg.
Shortly after the entry into Pretoria the 19th Brigade was
broken up. and the Gordon Highlanders joined various mobile
columns, which by much marching and fighting eventually
wore down the Boer resistance.
During the four months and a half of its existence the 19th
Brigade had marched 620 miles, often on half rations, seldom
627
on full. It had taken part in the capture of ten towns, had
fought in ten general engagements, and on 27 other times, and
was never beaten.
The description of the subsequent movements of the regiment,
the hot fight at Dolverkranz, the splendid defence of Belfast,
the drives and captures made, and the doings of the mounted
infantry would far exceed the limits of this pamphlet, and it
is sufficient to say that no corps emerged from this long cam-
paign with a more brilliant record than the Gordons.
Mention must, however, be made of the assistance furnished
by the militia in drafts of reservists and of the four excellent
companies furnished by the volunteer battalions, including the
7th Middlesex R.V. (London Scottish) ; both Militia and
volunteers, by their steadiness under fire and soldierlike spirit,
earned a perfect right to share the high reputation of their
regular comrades.
The total casualties of the campaign amounted to 18 officers,
183 N.C.O. and men killed or died of wounds, disease, &c., and
28 officers and 298 N.C.O. and men wounded.
The following long list of officers and soldiers of the regiment
who have won special distinctions on the field of battle bears
eloquent testimony to the magnificent spirit of the regiment :
The Victoria Cross.
Indian Mutiny, 1857-8. Ensign Richard Wadeson. For
"conspicuous bravery " at Delhi on the 18th July, 1857, when
the regiment was engaged at Subzee Mundee, in having saved
the life of Private Michael Farrell when attacked by a sowar ;
also on the same day for rescuing Private John Barry of the
same regiment, when wounded and helpless ; he was attacked
by a sowar, whom Ensign Wadeson killed.
Private Patrick Green. On the llth September, 1857, at
Delhi, when a picket was very hotly pressed, Private Green
628
stopped to rescue a wounded comrade who would have beer
killed had not Private Green borne him to a place of safety.
Colour- Sergeant Cornelius Coghlan. For gallantly returninc
into a " serai " occupied by the enemy in great numbers anc
removing Private Corbett, who was severely wounded. Alsc
for leading a party which hesitated to charge down a lane ir
Subsee Mundee, at Delhi, lined on each side by huts and rakec
by a cross fire, and then entering with the said party into ar
enclosure filled with the enemy and destroying every man
For also having on the same occasion returned under a crosi
fire to collect " dhoolies " and carry off the wounded.
.Afghan War. Major George Stewart White. Fo:
conspicuous bravery during the engagement at Charasial
on the 6th October, 1879, when, finding that the artiller)
and rifle fire failed to dislodge the enemy from a fortifiec
hill which it was necessary to capture, Major Whit(
led an attack upon it in person. Advancing with twc
companies of his regiment and climbing from one steej
ledge to another, he came upon a body of the enemy
strongly posted and outnumbering his force by about eight t(
one. His men being much exhausted, and immediate actioi
being necessary, Major White took a rifle and, going on by him
self, shot the leader of the enemy. This act so intimidated th<
rest that they fled round the side of the hill and the positioi
was won. Again, on the 1st September, 1880, at the battle o
Kandahar, Major White in leading the final charge under i
heavy fire from the enemy, who held a strong position and wen
supported by two guns, rode straight up to within a few yardi
of them, and seeing the guns, dashed forward and secured on<
of them immediately, after which the enemy retired.
Lieutenant William Henry Dick-Cunyngharn For con
spicuous gallantry and coolness displayed by him on the 13tl
December, 1879, at the attack on Sherpur Pass in Afghanistan
in having exposed himself to the full fire of the enemv and b)
629
his example and encouragement rallied the men, who, having
been beaten back, were at the moment wavering at the top
of the hill.
Tirah Campaign, 1897. Piper George Findlater. For
gallantry at the storming of the Dargai Heights on the 20th
October, 1897, in having continued to play his pipes under a
heavy fire, when on the ground, being wounded in both legs.
Private Edward Lawson. For gallantry at the storming of
the Dargai Heights on the 20th October, 1897, in having
rescued Lieutenant Dingwall of the Gordon Highlanders, who
was severely wounded, under a heavy fire. Private Lawson
then dashed out of cover again and carried in Private Macmillan
(Gordon Highlanders), who was wounded, being wounded
twice himself in doing so.
Boer War, 1899-1902. Captains W. E. Gordon, D. \V.
Younger, E. B. B. Towse, M. F. M. Meiklejohn ; Sergeant-
Major W. Robertson (now Quarter-Master) ; Lance-Sergeant
J. F. Mackay (now 2nd Lieutenant).
The Medal for Distinguished Conduct.
Afghan War, 1879-1880. Sergeant J. McLaren ; Corporals
E. McKay, W. McGillivray ; Lance-Corporal D. Gray, J.
Mclntosh ; Drummer J. Roddick ; Privates P. Grieve, J.
Dennis.
Boer War, 1881. Privates J. Murray, C. Hemsley.
Egyptian Campaign, 1882. Colour-Sergeant S. Skelly.
Soudan Campaign, 1883. Private D. McPherson.
Tirah Campaign, 1897.- Colour-Sergeants J. Mackie, J.
Craib; Sergeants J. Mackay, D. Mathers, F. Ritchie, T.
Donaldson ; Lance-Corporal P. Milne.
Soudan Campaign, 1898. Sergeant J. Scott Barbour.
Boer War, 1899-1902. Sergeants-Major J. MacLennan
(now Lieutenant and Quarter-Master), F. McKay ; Quarter-
master Sergeant J. Simpson ; Colour-Sergeants J. Morrison,
630
J. Allen, H. Powell, W. Robertson, P. Lawrence, A. Stephens
I). Nelson, W. P. Currie, R. J. Campbell, W. J. D. Pryce
J. Reid; Sergeants-Piper C. Dunbar, K. McLeod, Pioneer
Seigeant J. Livingstone; Sergeant-Drummer G. Lawrence
Sergeants L. Forbes, A. A. Austen, C. R. Gilham, C. Rothnie
D. Donald; Lance-Sergeant J. Rogers ; Corporals G. Macdonald
W. McDonald, S. Dryden, J. Sutherland ; Lance-Corporal R
Edmonstone, W. Hodgson (now 2nd Lieutenant) ; Private
W. Macrae, J. Docherty ; Drummer J. May.
GOD SAVE THE KING.
THE QUEEN'S OWN
CAMERON HIGHLANDERS,
BADGE.
The Thistle, ensigned with the Imperial Crown.
BATTLE HONOURS BORNE ON THE COLOURS.
The Sphinx, superscribed " EGYPT."
" EGMONT OP-ZEE," " FDENTES D'ONOK," "SALAMANCA," "PYRENEES," " NIVELLE,"
" NIVE," " TOULOUSE," " PENINSULA," " WATERLOO, " " ALMA," " SEVASTOPOL,"
" LUCKNOW," " EGYPT, 1882," " TEL-EL-KEBIR," " NILE, 1884-85," " ATBARA,"
" KHARTOUM," " SOUTH AFRICA, 1900-02."
UNIFORM SC \RLET. FACINGS-BLUE. KILT CAMERON TARTAN.
Depot Headquarters-] NVEENESS,
MILITIA.
3rJ Battalion The Q.ueen's Own C'ameron Highlanders (High-
land (Light Infantrv) Mili'ia) .. .. .. .. .. Jnrerness.
YOU' NTKER BATTALION.
1 -t Volunteer liattaliun Quern's Own Cameron Highlanders .. 1 11 ri-rre.i.?.
I. ON D(l X:
PKISFED FOR His MAJESTY'S STATIUNEIIY OITI E,
BY HAimiSON AXD SON'S, ST MARTIN'S LA.VE.
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO His MAJESTY.
And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from
WVTMAX AXD SONS, LTD., FETTER I. ASK, K.O., or
OMVKH A\'l) IKiVM, EDINKUHOH : r
E. PONSONliV, 11G, G.IAITON STREET, ULBLIN.
There's many a man of the Cameron clan,
That has followed his chief to the field,
He has sworn to support him, or die by his side,
For a Cameron never can yield.
1 hear the pibroch sounding, sounding,
Deep o'er the mountain and glen,
While light springing footsteps are trampling the heath-
"Tis the march of the Cameron men.
H33
The Queen's Own
CAMERON HIGHLANDERS.
THIS most distinguished regiment owes its origin to the
exertions of Alan Cameron, a Highland gentleman of Inver-
ness-shire, who afterwards rose to high distinction in the
military service of this country. Some 20 years before, he
had been forced to leave Scotland, in consequence of his
having killed his adversary in a duel, and in America had
found, during the War of Independence, a career which gave
him, as an officer of one of the irregular corps of cavalry formed
to assist the British, incident and adventure enough to satisfy
even his daring spirit. The war over, he returned to England,
and when the French Revolution made it necessary for Britain
to protect herself he offered to raise a regiment of Highlanders
to be added to the British army. In the prospect of this
welcome outlet for their martial spirit, past quarrels were
forgotten, and in a few months, 700 gallant young Highland-
men marched away from Inverness-shire amid the enthusiastic
farewells of their kinsfolk and friends. This regiment was up
to the year 1881 styled the 79th Cameron Highlanders.
The following short account of the war service of the regi-
ment will, although much has to be omitted, show how well
and gallantly it has for over 100 years maintained its valour
and good conduct ; and it is to be hoped that Inverness-shire
will long continue to send to its colours the necessarv number
2 s 2
634
of young men of spirit to uphold and increase the reputation
which it has earned in the past.
The Cameron Highlanders were first under fire in Holland
during the campaign of 1794, under the Duke of York, but
little could be done by the British, owing to the vast numerical
strength of the enemy. They again re-visited the country
under the same commander in 1799, when they won the name
of the British victory of Egmont-op-Zee for their colours. On
the morning after the battle the Duke of York rode up to the
regiment and, addressing the Commanding Officer, said,
'' Nothing could do the regiment more credit than its conduct
yesterday."
The next noteworthy incident was the regiment's participa-
tion in Sir Ralph Abercromby's expedition to Egypt in
1801, by which the French army, foolishly styled by
Napoleon " The Invincible Army of the East," was completely
defeated and driven from Egypt. The British troops landed
on the 8th of March at Aboukir Bay, in the face of the enemy's
fire, but our gallant fellows, leaping from the boats into the
surf, speedily captured the opposing batteries. The disem-
barkation of men and stores having been satisfactorily effected,
the army moved forward, and on the 13th, the enemy was driven
from the sand-hills outside Alexandria, and the position was
occupied by the British. Here on the 21st our army was
furiously attacked by the whole strength of the enemy, who
was, however, completely repulsed and driven back to Alexan-
dria in confusion, although the brave Sir Ralph Abercromby
was unfortunately killed in the action. The Cameron High-
landers then marched up the left bank of the Nile towards
Cairo, easily dispersing on the way a French force which
endeavoured to stop them. On reaching Cairo the French
capitulated and Egypt was freed from the invader. In com-
memoration of these services, the regiment received authority
to wear a Sphinx with the word " Egypt " on its colours and
appointments.
From many incidents showing the dauntless spirit of the
Highlanders space allows but one to be quoted. Patrick
Ross, a Lieutenant of the regiment, was severely wounded in
the engagement on the 21st March, and it was found necessary
to amputate his arm, but within three weeks of his being
wounded he was again with the regiment and taking his full
share of every duty.
In 1807, the Highlanders visited Denmark, and served
with distinction at the capture of Copenhagen. Then
635
followed busy and eventful years of service during the pro-
tracted struggle which Britain, often single-handed, success-
fully maintained against the ambitions and despotism of
Napoleon. In 1808 the regiment was represented by its light
company at the famous battle of Corunna, where Sir John
Moore fell. In 1809 it fought at Flushing, and a detachment
assisted at the victory of Talavera, in Spain. Under Alan
Cameron, now a Brigadier- General, the regiment fought
successfully at Busaco, and with the rest of Wellington's
army held the celebrated lines of Torres Yedras against
all the efforts of the best of Napoleon's Marshals. On the
retreat of the French the English army followed in close
pursuit, and the Cameron Highlanders had many skirmishes
with the retreating foe, in one of which the colonel of the
39th French Regiment was captured by Lieutenant Kenneth
Cameron.
On the 3rd May, 1811, the British army was attacked by
Marshal Massena, the key of the British position being
Fuentes d'Onor, a village which was occupied by the Cameron
Highlanders with two other regiments. Furious and repeated
attacks were made by the French on the village during the
day, and although the weight of numbers at times forced
our gallant fellows from the lower portion of the village,
they never relaxed their hold, and sweeping down from
the higher portion again and again drove off their enemies
from the village, and night still found it in our possession.
On the 5th, however, Massena, seeing that it was his only
chance, redoubled his efforts to capture the village, and a
stern and protracted conflict ensued in its streets and houses.
Often borne back, the Highlanders under the command of
Colonel Philips Cameron, a son of Alan Cameron, were always
ready for a further effort. At last Massena sent forward the
famous French Imperial Guard, and these veterans, in all the
confidence of many a previous victory, entered the village in
such numbers, that, notwithstanding all their efforts with
bayonets and clubbed muskets, the Highlanders were steadily
borne backwards up the hill. At the crisis of the fight a French
soldier was seen to take a careful aim at Colonel Cameron. He
fired, and the gallant colonel fell dead from his horse. In a
moment the Highlanders realised the death of their chief and
a fierce outcry for vengeance arose as from one man. In a
perfect fury of rage the Highlanders and their comrades threw
themselves upon the French, and the discipline and firmness
of the Imperial Guard collapsed before this terrible charge.
636
In a few minutes all that was left of that magnificent body of
chosen soldiers were groups of fugitives flying for their lives ;
nor dared Massena try again. To mark his sense of the gallant
conduct of the regiment Wellington ordered that a Sergeant
should be selected for promotion, and Sergeant Donald Mcln-
tosh was accordingly promoted to a commission in the 88th Regi-
ment, which had fought side by side with them in the battle.
It would take too lone to follow closely the fortunes of
the Cameron Highlanders in the many opportunities which
the Peninsular War afforded them of gaining distinction, but
the names on its colours of the victories of Salamanca, Pyrenees,
Nivelle, Nive and Toulouse, all speak of the gallantry and
devotion of the regiment.
The escape of Napoleon from Elba roused the Highlanders
from the brief period of rest which succeeded the Peninsular
War, and the regiment was with Wellington at Brussels on
that memorable night when the news of the advance of the
French put an end to the Duchess of Richmond's ball. The
gathering of the Cameron Highlanders as they mustered to
march against the enemy has been immortalised by the
following oft-quoted but beautiful lines of Byron :
" And wild and high the 'Camerons gathering' rose
Ths war-note of Locliiel, which Albyn's hills
Have heard, and heard too have her Saxon fofs.
How in the noon of night that pibroch thrills
Savage and shrill ! but with the breath which fills
Their moun'ain-pipe. so fill the mountaineers
With the fierce native daring which instils
The stirring memory of a thousand years,
And Evan's, Djnald's fame rings in each clansman's ears."
The regiment was at Quatre Bras with Picton's Division,
which bore the brunt of the furious onslaughts of Marshal
Ney's army corps, while on the famous 18th of June, at
Waterloo, the Cameron Highlanders gained the great dis-
tinction of being one of the four regiments specially mentioned
for their gallant services by the Duke of Wellington. With
one otner regiment it made the celebrated charge which
scattered a French division of 3,000 men, and left it a prey
to the Scots Greys and other cavalry regiments, who slew or
made prisoners nearly the whole. The brave Sir Thomas
Picton fell mortally wounded whilst leading this charge. At
the close of the terrible struggle the Cameron Highlanders
marched to their bivouac under the command of a lieutenant,
279 strong all that was left of the 700 who had marched out
of Brussels a few days before.
637
Many years elapsed after Waterloo ere the battle-pipes of
the Cameron Highlanders sounded again in the ears of a foe,
and it was not until 1854 that the regiment was again called
into the field. It then proceeded to the Crimea, where in the
Highland Brigade under Sir Colin Campbell it did gallant
service. Of its bearing during the battle of the Alma, let
Kinglake, the historian of the war, speak : " Above the crest
or swell of ground on the left rear of the 93rd, yet another array
of the tall bending plumes began to rise up in a long ceaseless
line, stretching far into the east, and presently with all the
grace and beauty that marks a Highland regiment when it
springs up the side of a hill, the 79th came bounding forward.
Without a halt, or with only the halt that was needed for
dressing the ranks, it sprang at the flank of the right Sousdal
column and caught it in its sin caught it daring to march
across the front of a battalion advancing in line ! "
After the Crimean Campaign came the Indian Mutiny,
and the Camerons were hastily sent to India. Almost imme-
diately on reaching that country they were called upon for
much severe and harassing service. At Secundragunge they
surprised and drove away a large body of Sepoys, and marched
48 miles in 23 hours. At Mohomdie so great was the heat
that no less than 110 men were down from sunstroke, while
at Lucknow they had to fight their way through the city,
driving the desperate mutineers from house to house at
the point of the bayonet. A service of peculiar gallantry
was performed by a party of the regiment, who volunteered
for the purpose, in erecting a breastwork in the centre of the
iron bridge, although at the time it was swept by the fire of
the rebel Sepoys. The regiment was constantly engaged with
the rebels during the next nine months, notably at the battles
of Bareilly, engagements at Allygunge, Shahjehanpore, Kam-
pore, Russia, Bundwa Kote, and at the passages of the Gogra
and Raptee Rivers.
In 1863 the regiment was engaged against the Mohmunds,
a tribe that was making things troublesome in the Khyber Pass.
Ten years later, Her Majesty Queen Victoria, after presenting
new colours to the regiment, conferred on it the title of the
" Queen's Own/' and later in the year a strong party from the
regiment joined the Black Watch and shared with it the honour
of the difficult march through the African forest to
Coomassie.
For the second time the Cameron Highlanders took part
in an expedition into Egypt, and in 1882, under Lord Wolseley,
638
took a distinguished part in the operations which resulted
in Arabi's overthrow at Tel-el-Kebir.
" The weird night march upon Tel-el-Kebir, long to be
retained in the annals of the regiment and the country, can
never be forgotten by those who took part in it ; the mono-
tonous tramp, the sombre lines, the dimly discerned sea of
desert, faintly lighted by the stars, were at once ghostly and
impressive. The pace was necessarily slow ; one halt was
made, and shortly afterwards the directing star having become
concealed, another one was chosen, and the direction slightly
changed to the right. The 42nd, 74th, and 75th, did not at
once conform, and the consequence was that a halt had to be
made, as these regiments found themselves almost facing
each other.
' The line was quickly and silently re-formed, and the
advance continued.
" Just as dawn was breaking two shots were fired from the
left front, and Private James Pollock, of the regiment, fell
dead. It was now evident that the regiment was close upon
the enemy. Bayonets were at once fixed.
" In a few seconds these two shots were followed by others ;
the bugles of the Egyptians rang out, shells screamed above,
and a line of fire poured from the enemy's trenches. The
79th moved steadily on in an unbroken line, not a shot was
fired in reply ; but on the ' advance ' for the brigade being
sounded by Sir Archibald Alison's bugler, drummer John
Alcorn, of the 79th, Lieutenant-Colonel Leith galloped to the
front, waving his sword and crying, ' Come on 79th ! ' and
breaking into double time, to the shrill music of the pipes and
cheering, as they ran, the regiment charged the enemy's lines."
(Historical Records, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders.)
The Cameron Highlanders were subsequently employed in the
Nile Expedition sent to rescue General Gordon at Khartoum,
and again in 1885 were with the force which at Giniss drove
the Arab invaders back into the desert, the regiment having
previously built the fort of Kosheh, and held it for a whole
month against an enemy estimated at 7,000 men, by whom
it was completely surrounded and almost incessantly fired at.
In 1893 a monument was unveiled in Inverness by Lochiel,
erected in honoured remembrance of the brave officers and
men who fell in the Egyptian campaigns while serving in the
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders.
An increase of the army having been sanctioned by Parlia-
ment in 1897j a 2nd Battalion was raised at Fort George, a
639
nucleus of 7 officers and 80 N.C.O. and men being furnished
by the 1st Battalion.
In 1898, the 1st Battalion, then quartered in Cairo, was
ordered to proceed up the Nile, to take part in the Soudan
Campaign of that year.
The first incident of importance was the arduous march from
Abu Dis Camp, near Abu Hamed on the Nile, to Debeika village,
just south of Berber. This march was 115 miles in length and
the first 98 miles were covered in 113 hours. On reaching
Berber, the 9th Soudanese gave the regiment an especially
cordial welcome ; their band led the way, playing " The
Cameron Men," and in their midst was the pair of colours
presented to them by the 79th at Korosko in 1886 ; it was owing
to this presentation that the 9th Soudanese always delighted to
style themselves the 2nd Battalion Cameron Highlanders.
On the 20th March the whole British force, under Major-
General Sir Herbert Kitchener, left the Nile and worked across
the desert to the river Atbara to attack the Dervishes, who
were entrenched on that river, under Mahmoud.
On the morning of the 8th April, 1898, after a short but
exciting desert night march, the battle of the Atbara was fought,
resulting in the annihilation of Mahmoud's army. In that fight
the 1st Battalion played a prominent part, as it led the British
Brigade. The battalion marched down to the zareba sur-
rounding the Dervish position in line two deep, shoulder to
shoulder, the front rank firing as they went. Orders were for
the central and two flank companies to demolish the zareba in
front of them whilst the remaining companies poured in a
heavy fire, and that then the battalion should form a second
line and allow the Seaforth Highlanders, Lincolns and Warwicks
to pass through and enter the Dervish position by the three
gaps made in the zareba. The zareba, however, was found
to be far less of an obstacle than had been anticipated, and the
battalion led the way into the Dervish position. It was during
the pause at the zareba that the Cameron Highlanders suffered
nearly all their casualties, which amounted to : Officers,
Captains C. Findley and B. C. Urquhart, killed ; Major Napier,
mortally wounded ; N.C.O. and men, 10 killed, 4 mortally
wounded, 34 wounded 51 casualties in all out of the 116
suffered by the British Brigade. Piper Stewart, while playing
the 
