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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

GRADUATES

HARVARD UNIVERSITY,

In Cambridge, Massachusetts.

JOHN LANGDON SIBLEY, M. A.,

UBKAUAM or HASVAXD UNIVXSSITY, AND MBMBKR OF THB MASSACMUSBTT8 AND OTHBB
HISTORICAL SOaSTIBS.

VOLUME I.
1642- 1658:

WITH AN APPENDIX,

CONTAINING AN ABSTRACT OF THE STEWARD'S ACCOUNTS, AND NOTICES OF
NON-GRADUATES, FROM 1649-50 TO 1659.

^^^^^tf^

CAMBRIDGE:
CHARLES WILLIAM SEVER,

UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE.

1873-

^r, ^ rl< <'

V.I

Entered according to Act of Congress, in tiie year 1873,

BY JOHN LANGDON SIBLEY,

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

278979

Univbrsity Press: Welch, Bicslow, ft Co.,
Cambridge.

PREFACE.

The collecting of the materials for these Biographical Sketches
was begun in 1842, just two hundred years after the first class at
Harvard College took their degree of Bachelor of Arts. Many
errors having accumulated in the Catalogue of Graduates, which,
with probably a single exception, had been issued triennially for
about a century and a half, the President and Fellows resolved
to have a responsible editor j and after repeated applications I
was reluctantly prevailed on to accept the appointment.

Previously to that time, the preparation of the copy for the
printer, in which I had occasionally rendered some assistance, had
usually been made in a few hours. It was only to add the new
names and degrees, to prefix stars to the names of the deceased,
and to italicize those of ordained ministers ; the information being
derived chiefly from the Commencement programmes and annual
catalogues, and the memoranda of a few gleaners to whom inter-
leaved copies had been sent.

The usual course was pursued in preparing the edition of
1842; but particular attention was given to the filling out of
the middle names, to the affixing of dates to all the honorary
degrees and those out of course, whether conferred by Harvard
or other colleges, and to making such corrections and additions
is were discovered on a careful examination of the Records of
the University. The manuscript memoranda were transferred
to an interleaved copy of the Catalogue of 1839, and, with the
accompanying letters, constituted the nucleus of the collection of
nuterials for these Sketches.

To the small original collection important accessions were made

IV PREFACE.

in 1845, f^^^ ^^^ researches required for the obituary dates, then
first introduced. This undertaking was greatly facilitated by the
labors of others, and particularly by the minutes of four gradu-
ates of the last century in interleaved Triennials, three of which
have since been given to the College Library.

1. The Gilman Triennial, containing manuscript notes by the
Reverend Nicholas Gilman, of Durham, N. H., H. U. 1724.
This is a broadside, of the edition of 1733, cut into columns,
and pasted on the left-hand side of consecutive pages of foolscap
paper folded so as to make a small octavo. There are thirty-
one of these pages, each a little more than six inches long and
a little less than four inches wide ; aiFording about as much room
for manuscript notes as the printed columns themselves occupy.
At the end are three pages covered with additional notes. Of
course, the memoranda extend no further than to the class of
1733. They are very brief, and not always correct; but of
some graduates they furnish the only information which has been
found.

2. The Belknap Triennial, containing manuscript notes by the
Reverend Jeremy Belknap, D. D., H. U. 1762, the historian of
New Hampshire, on quarto leaves of writing-paper inserted be-
tween the printed leaves of the edition of 1791. The writer
seems to have had in view something more than notices of gradu-
ates ; for at the beginning are extracts in relation to the College,
from New England's First-Fruits, Winthrop's History of New
England, Mather's Magnalia, and Hutchinson's Massachusetts.
To Belknap's memoranda are additions by another hand. This
volume was first brought to my notice after the publication of the
Triennial of 1845.

3. The Winthrop Triennial, containing the memoranda of
William Winthrop, of Cambridge, H. U. 1770, is a copy of the
edition of 1794, with continuations to 18 12, cut into single col-
umns and pasted on the extreme left of consecutive pages of
blank paper, the memoranda being made in single lines on the
right of the names and extending across the page.

PREFACE. V

• 4. The twenty Pierce Triennials, bequeathed to the Library
of the Massachusetts Historical Society by the Reverend John
Pierce, D. D., of Brookline, H. U. 1793, begin with the Cata-
logue of 1 79 1, when he was an undergraduate, and end with that
of 1848, the last published before his death, which occurred in
1849. I^h^t on which he bestowed most labor was the inter-
leaved one of 1806. The facts there recorded are often repeated,
in somewhat different terms, in the later issues; sometimes, as
in the case of the death of a graduate, with additional details;
but in the Catalogue of that year he was in the habit of making
memoranda respecting all embraced in it concerning whom he
obtained any information.'

With the exception of Cotton Mather, the only other person
who had done much in the way of collecting materials or writing
lives of the graduates was the genealogist and historian, John Far-
mer, of Concord, N. H. He published in the American Quarterly
Register, x. 39, the years of decease, with the ages, of eight
hundred and forty ministers, and in volumes viii.-x. elaborate
Memoirs of Ministers graduated at Harvard College before 1658.
To these, besides other contributions to the same work, and
memoranda printed elsewhere, are to be added his Genealogical
Register, communications to the Historical Societies of New
Hampshire and Massachusetts, and his annotations on Belknap's
History of New Hampshire, all of them giving prominence to
what pertains to Harvard graduates.

These and all other means of information which could be
turned to account within ten weeks, while the Triennial of 1845

' A more particular account of the Society for October, 1864, pp. 9-75,

foregoing and other Triennials, and several extra copies of the latter

of the means taken to collect and pre- being published separately with the

serve information respecting gradu- title, '' Notices of the Triennial and

ates, may be found in Memories of Annual Catalogues of Harvard Uni-

Youth and Manhood, by Sidney Wil- versity, with a Reprint of the Cata-

lard, iL 315-319, and in the Proceed- logues of 1674, 1682, and x7oa'* Bos-

ings of the Massachusetts Historical ton, 1865, Svo, pp. 67.

VI PREFACE.

was in press, were used for determining the deaths. The object
was so far accomplished, that the Catalogue, with an Advertise-
ment stating the facts, and asking for corrections and additions,
was issued, with the obituary dates of more than three thousand
individuals, or about three fourths of the whole number deceased.

This novel feature of obituary dates, since adopted generally by
other institutions, excited unexpected interest in a publication
which had commonly been considered of little value except as a
list of persons educated and honored by the University. Being
thus rendered more su^estive as well as instructive, curiosity
was awakened to discover the dates still wanting.

The laborious examination of biographies, genealogies, histo-
ries, funeral sermons, newspapers, and other authorities, which,
from the necessity of having the Catalogue ready for delivery on
Commencement morning, had either been omitted or left un-
finished, was at once resumed with vigor. > The time was oppor-
tune. Aged graduates were living, who could give information
extending back to the middle of the eighteenth century, and
young men whose tastes lay in that direction were ready to co-
operate. Researches were made in State, county, town, church,
and family records, on gravestones, in Bibles, and among old
letters and family papers. Several persons, not satisfied with
giving dates, communicated details respecting deceased relatives
or friends. Authorities for deaths frequently served as guides
to obituaries or biographical sketches. The results, so far as
they were wanted for the Triennial, appeared in the edition of
1848.

Meanwhile, in the summer of 1844, Joseph Palmer, M. D.,
of Boston, H. U. 1820, had collated the index and text of the
Triennial, and corrected some two hundred errors, relating chiefly
to years of graduation. An hereditary taste for such pursuits now
ripened into enthusiasm. With the view of correcting and adding
to the obituary dates, he devoted nearly eighteen months to the
examination of newspapers, numbering during this period no less
than seven hundred volumes. Current deaths also engaged his

PREFACE.

Vll

attention. He told me in 1855 that in the course of the pre-
ceding eleven years he had daily visited the Merchants' Reading-
Room, where about a hundred newspapers from different parts
of the United States were received, and made minutes of all the
notices of deaths and other information he could there find con-
cerning Harvard graduates.'

The object of the investigations thus far had been to supple-
ment the obituary dates and improve the Triennial generally.
Nothing more was contemplated, though a great amount of un-
appropriated information remained. The idea of working up the
accumulated materials into Biographical Sketches did not occur to
me, until it was suggested and urged by Danforth Phipps Wight,
M. D., of Dedham, H. U. 1815, in a letter dated 15 October,
1848 ; and then the magm'tude of the work proposed, viewed in
connection with official and other duties, and the consideration
of advancing years, made it appear too formidable an undertaking
to be seriously thought of.

' How much longer Doctor Palmer
continued this practice I do not know,
but probably until a short time before
his death, which occurred in Boston
3 March, 1871. While attached to
the editorial corps of the Boston
Daily Advertiser, he collected for a
time the obituaries contained in the
newspapers coming to that office.
He corresponded extensively respect-
ing Harvardians, at first giving away
the letters he received, after copying
the items he wanted, but subsequently
preserving them. At the College an-
niversaries in 1850, he and myself,
by special request, furnished at short
notice the names and such informa-
tion as could be obtained of graduates
who had died since the preceding
Commencement The results, an-
nounced at the dinner-table, elicited

remarks indicative of a desire for the
continuance of the plan, which Doc-
tor Palmer undertook. From that
time I gave him all the available
information I collected, which, incor*
porated with much more procured by
his untiring vigilance and extensive
correspondence, was for many years
published on Commencement morn-
ing in the Boston Daily Advertiser.
In 1864, these articles were repub-
lished in an octavo volume of 536
pages, entitled ^ Necrology of Alum-
ni of Harvard College, 1851-52 to
1862-63." His interleaved Trien-
nials passed to the Library of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, but
his newspaper cuttings have disap-
peared; his letters, I am informed,
he spent several days before his death
in reading and burning.

via . PREFACE.

I did not, however, relax my efforts to collect and preserve
materials for improving the Triennial. Plans devised for this
purpose were carried forward, and others were inaugurated.

During the third of a century, in which I have edited the Tri-
ennial eleven times, on the occasion of each new issue several
interleaved copies have been regularly distributed to persons in-
terested in the subject, to be returned for use three years after-
ward; the information thus gained being preserved as at the
outset in 1842. The copies in which this information has been
brought together commonly contain the authorities for the changes
and additions, with the exception of those derived from the Col-
lege Records, from catalogues of other institutions, and from the
newspapers.

Early in 1849 ^ commenced the practice of seeking interviews
with all the members of the successive Senior classes before they
left college, and taking notes of the prominent incidents in their
lives. Since the spring of 1856, when I was obliged to give up
this practice, I have placed in the hands of each class secretary,
immediately after his election, a series of questions as a basis for
autobiographies of the members. These questions, commonly
printed from year to year with additions and modifications, and
circulated in the class, have contributed much to the interest and
completeness of the class-books, which, upon the decease of the
last surviving members, are to be placed in the College Library.

To my notes of the graduating classes were occasionally added
such as could be obtained from or concerning other Harvardians,
copies of letters, extracts from records, diaries, scarce newspapers,
and books to which I might not again have access. These,
denominated ** Manuscript Collections respecting Harvard Col-
lege Graduates, consisting of Verbal Communications," etc., fill
more than seven hundred large, closely ruled pages of uniform
size, ready to be bound.

The numerous letters received by me, together with the loose
memoranda accumulated during my editorship of the Triennial,
have been chronologically arranged with a view to their being

PREFACE. IX

bound. A large collection of newspaper cuttings, containing bi-
ographical sketches, obituaries, and notices of appointments to
office and other honors, has been made, with the intention of
pasting them in blank books in the order in which the gradu-
ates to whom they relate appear in the Triennial.

In April, 1849, having prepared a copy of the Triennial of
1848 by cutting and pasting it on the margins of the leaves of a
large volume ruled and bound for the purpose, and admitting of
continuations, I began to transcribe into it, in tabular form, for
facility of reference, several of the most important dates and
events in the lives of the graduates, including the dates and
places of birth found in the College Records. These entries
having been continued to the present time, though far from being
so complete as they might be made even with the materials I
have accumulated, the volume probably contains in a compact
form more information than any other collection on the subject.
To make my collections available, the whole have been care-
fully indexed in a copy of the Triennial of 1851 containing six
blank leaves for each printed leaf, to which I have added refer-
ences to the allusions to graduates found by inspecting numerous
periodicals and files of newspapers and probably more than two
hundred thousand volumes and pamphlets in public and private
libraries in New England and New York. This index to the
results of nearly a quarter of a century's researches, while it
leaves a broad field for further exploration, brings an incalculable
amount of information within easy reach. It has probably cost
me more time and labor than all the rest of the work. The
entries, continued to the present day, though not always plainly
written, many of them having been penned with crippled fingers
and under other disadvantages, if heartily welcomed and grate-
fully acknowledged by future compilers of the Biographical
Sketches, will not remain as testimonials of their incompetency
or want of interest in the subject.

While these labors were in progress, I was becoming, of course,
better acquainted with the history and character of the graduates.

X PREFACE.

Several instances of strange experience in childhood, of brave
stru^les to obtain an education, of virtue and heroism under
temptations of wealth and worldly honors, awakened hearty sym-
pathy and admiration. Notwithstanding short-comings, and cases
of iniquity which may have escaped punishment, I was convinced
that the worth and influence of the graduates as a body had not
been properly appreciated. More than two centuries had passed
since the College was established, yet I found but one graduate
who had been executed as a malefactor, and he was a victim of
the witchcraft delusion; and but one who had been sent to a
State penitentiary, and this was for passing counterfeit money.

Going back to the early classes, I observed that several of the
members went abroad and took an important part in public affairs
in Europe. Of those who remained in this country, nearly all,
from the great respect entertained for scholars and clergymen,
exerted a commanding influence; and most of the offices of
honor and trust were filled by them. They originated or urged
forward the ideas and principles on which our government now
rests, and which in their expansion are to-day agitating the world
and ameliorating the condition of mankind. Their lives and the
history of the country were so interwoven that the knowledge
of both is necessary to the proper understanding of either.
There is probably no instance in history where the same number
of young men, taken indiscriminately from various classes of so*
ciety, and trained under the same auspices, have afterward, in their
various spheres, exerted greater influence on the politics, morals,
religion, thought, and destiny of the world than the early gradu-
ates of Harvard University.

The institution itself was always in advance of public senti-
ment. Though generously belabored by radicals for its conserva-
tism, it nevertheless maintained among conservatives a standing
reputation for heresy, the heresy of one period ripening into ortho-
doxy in another. Graduates opposed to religious intolerance and
exclusiveness and to political oppression were constantly conspic-
uous as champions of progress in religious and legislative bodies

PREFACE. XI

and in popular assemblies. In the violent discussions which pre-
ceded the rupture with Great Britain they contended fearlessly
for the rights of the people ; and yet, at the peril of popularity
and even life, defended their opponents, when exposed to unjust
censure and illegal condemnation. The subjects assigned for
discussion on Commencement days contributed to these results.
The leading men of the Revolution, the Otises, the Adamses,
the TrumbuUs, the Warrens, Hancock, Quincy, and others,
caught the spirit of liberty and patriotism in the recitation-room,
the library, and among their associates at the College. If the
events of our own times had occurred in those days, sons of
Harvard would have been seen among the boldest and most
influential leaders in the movement for the Abolition of Slavery ;
and the late Rebellion would have borne testimony to their zeal,
ability, and wisdom, in the field, in the councils of the nation,
and at foreign courts.

Where was the record of this intellectual and moral power,
which, during more than two centuries, had been going out from
the walls of Harvard ? Incidental notices had been interwoven
with the general history, and individual memoirs had occasion-
ally appeared here and there, but no literary monument had been
nused in express honor of Harvardians collectively.

The information naturally looked for in the Records of the
Corporation, of the Overseers, and of the College Faculty was
vnazingly meagre and unsatis&ctory, particularly in regard to
the earlier classes. President Wadsworth was the first person
who took much interest in the subject. He was inaugurated
7 July, 1725, and on the 30th of the following October it
was "Agreed by the President and Tut« That the Orders and
agrecmts of Presid* & Tut" be from Time to Time recorded in a
l>ook and that the said book be present at the meetings of Presid*
and Tut" about College af&ires.** The earliest entry, dated
24 September, 1725, is in Wadsworth's handwriting. The oldest
°i^uscript list of students is his record of the names of those
^^0 entered college in 1725, and there is no general register of

Xll PREFACE.

graduates earlier than his transcript of the printed Triennial of
1733 into the Corporation Records. The earliest memoranda
of ages and places of nativity were made by him in 1728 against
the names of those entering that year, the dates of births be-
ginning with the class which graduated in 1741. These particu-
lars, with the exception of such as pertain to the class admitted
in 1820, are not found in the Faculty Records after 1817.*

In consideration of the meagreness of the existing information
on the subject, and the limited efforts hitherto made to assign to
their proper position in history a class of men the extinction of
whose influence, were it conceivable, would leave a woful blank
in place of some of the most interesting and beautiftil vievirs
of human progress and society, my reluctance to attempt an
Athense Harvardianse gradually gave way, resulting in a determi-
nation to make a beginning, which might prompt somebody after-
ward to avail himself of the materials which had been accumulated
to bring out an elaborate work. Accordingly, on Monday, 21 Feb-
ruary, 1859, ^^ ^^ "^y hand, I wrote very brief sketches of the
first four graduates of 1701. After this, nulla dies sine linea soon
indicated progress.

To facilitate the project, an ^^ Appeal to Graduates and others "

' In the year 1823, a separate book tial mociifications till i86a In that
was provided, in which the students, year, at the request of President Fel-
on being admitted, wrote their names, ton, I planned a blank-book where
and "respectively engaged and prom- the statistics have since been record-
ised to observe and conform to the ed in tabular form, embracing the
laws and regulations made for the name in full, with the year, month,
government of Harvard CoUege." and day of birth, and of admission
No memoranda were made but of to college, together with the age on
the ''Names of Parent or Guardian" the day of admission; the place of
till 1826, when the '' Residence " was birth, as well as the present residence ;
added. In 1830, President Quincy re- the class to which the student is ad-
vived the old custom of recording the mitted ; the name of the person offer-
age and date of birth ; to which, in ing him for examination ; the names
1 83 1, was added, " By whom offered." of bis father and mother, and that of
This form continued without essen- his guardian, if he have one.

PREFACE. Xlll

was put forth in the Triennial Catalogue of i860, and the subse-
quent issues, soliciting answers to the following questions respect-
ing ancestors or relatives whose names were on the Catalogue, or
any graduate who had ever lived in the place of residence of the
persons addressed: —

1. Name of the graduate.

2. His father's name and occupation, with his mother's and her

parents' names.

3. Place, year, month, and day of the graduate's birth.

4. Residences, occupations, journeys, and incidents before en-

tering college, with their respective dates.
S- What first led him to think of going to college.

6. Places of study and teachers before entering college, with

dates.

7. When admitted to college.

8. Struggles in getting an education.

9. Tastes, habits, and incidents in college, with college prizes,

honors, class appointments, &c.

10. Occupations and residences from the time of graduating, with

the dates.

11. If he studied a profession, what, where, when, and with whom ;

if a clergyman, of what denomination, when and where set-
tled ', if a lawyer,, when and where admitted to the bar.

12. All offices, honors, and titles, with the dates -, all societies of

which he was a member.

13. If married, when, to whom, the names of the wife's parents

in full, and the place, time, &c., of her death, if deceased.
If married more than once, the same information in regard
to succeeding marriages.

14. Disease of which he died, with the circumstances, place, and

day of his death.
1$. Traveb, incidents, hereditary tendencies, peculiarities, tastes,
and particularly anecdotes illustrative of his habits and
course of life, or which would give interest to a biographical
sketch.

XIV PREFACE.

1 6. A full and exact title of every book or pamphlet written or

edited, with notices of manuscripts left by him.

17. Genealogical details of his ancestors and descendants.

18. Obituaries, eulogies, or funeral sermons respecting him.

The Appeal also added : ^^ It is very important in all cases to
have the Christian and middle names written in full, and to have
as many dates as possible. The dates, in addition to the year,
should always contain the month, and the day of the month,
whenever they can be ascertained.

^^ The value of the communications will depend on their accu-
racy. The sources from which much of the desired information
may be derived are town, church, probate, and family records,
deeds, newspapers, interleaved almanacs, manuscript diaries, and
inscriptions on gravestones and monuments."

This Appeal was the result of careful thought, and was intended
to be so comprehensive, and at the same time so minute, as to
cover everything which could be said respecting any graduate.

The Biographical Sketches of graduates of 1701, begun in
1859, ^^^^ ^"^^ materials as were then collected, were continued
through the first twenty years of the eighteenth century, the stock
of information in the mean time constantly receiving new acces-
sions. These were followed by sketches of all who had graduated
previously. The connection having been completed 8 February,
1867, a revision of the earliest classes was then begun with a
view to publication ; May 27, 1870, a Prospectus was issued \
September 27, a proof of the first pages was received, the proba-
bility being that the work would be speedily published. I soon
found, however, that much biographical information had been
brought to light since the sketches of the early graduates were
penned, and that without it they would be very defective. More-
over, an experience of many years had considerably developed the
capacity for investigation, and suggested unexplored fields for re-
search. Consequently, the entire volume has been carefully re-
written, chiefly by night, while it has been in press ; and although,
as the result, it contains less than half the proposed number of

PREFACE. XV

names, the information respecting these is more than double what
was anticipated when the Prospectus was issued.

The general plan of these Sketches may be inferred from the
Appeal. Besides the narrative and other details, it embraces the
names of the graduates' sons who took degrees at Harvard, and
of the daughters who married Harvard graduates, as well as of
the graduates' parents and wives, and of the predecessors, col-
leagues, and successors of those who were ordained clergymen.

Special efforts have been made to secure the titles of all printed
works of graduates. So far as practicable, these have been taken
from the title-pages, perpendicular strokes being used to designate
the termination of the lines. The arrangement of the titles,
though not always rigidly adhered to, is alphabetical under the
year when the first or an early edition was published ; the prepo-
sitions and articles not being taken into account. The word
^^ anonymous," used in a broader sense than is common, means
that the author's name is not printed on the title-page. In the
numbering of the pages, the title and its reverse are not com-
monly counted, and the pages without folios are indicated by
figures in parentheses. Occasionally the library where a work
may be found has been designated - by letters, as A^ J3, //, M^ P,
7*, W^ meaning respectively the library of the Boston Athenaeum,
George Brinley, Harvard University, Massachusetts Historical
Society, Thomas Prince in the Public Library of Boston, J.
Wingate Thornton, and the American Antiquarian Society at
Worcester.

The Authorities appended to the Sketches have been multiplied
for the purpose of &cilitating investigation by persons to whom
large libraries are not easily accessible.

In quotations the originals are carefully followed, even to the
spelling and punctuation, and not unfrequently also to the typo-
graphical errors, any additions made to them being enclosed in
brackets.

The co-operation received during the progress of the work has

XVI PREFACE.

been very gratifying. The insertion of a name among the Author-
ities subjoined to a Biographical Sketch often conveys a very in-
adequate idea of the value of the communication, and affords no
hint of the inconvenience at which it was sometimes furnished.
Very important aid has been received from J. Hammond Trumbull,
of Hartford, and Franklin Bowditch Dexter, of Yale College. To
George Brinley, of Hartford, I am under special obligations for
communications, as well as for the benefit of his library, of
which, from circumstances beyond my control, I was unfortu-
nately prevented availing myself to the full extent during the
printing of a considerable portion of the Sketches, particularly
the part relating to Increase Mather's Works, in which it is pre-
eminently rich.

I now write the last paragraph with the hope of resuming my
labors. But in the uncertainty as to myself it would be pleasant,
could I rest assured, when these labors cease, that others, prompted
and encouraged by this beginning, would take up and carry for-
ward the work. -

John Langdon Sibley.

Harvard UNrvsRsrry Library,
Cambridge, 30 May, 1873.

CONTENTS.

Pagb

Preface iii

Contents icvii

Introduction i

CLASS OF 1642 TS

Commencement Exercises 16

Graduates : —

Benjamin Woodbridge 20

George Downing 28, 583

John Bulkeley . • 52

William Hubbard 54, 583

Samuel Bellingham 63, 583

John Wilson 65

Henry Saltonstall 67

Tobias Barnard 68

Nathaniel Brewster 68

CLASS OF 1643 74

Commencement Exercises 74

Graduates : —

John Jones 77, 584

Samuel Mather 78

Samuel Danforth 88, 547, 584

JohnAllin 93

No Graduates in 1644 loi

CLASS OF 1645 102

Graduates: —

John Oliver 102, 585

Jeremiah Holland 107

William Ames 107

John Russell no

Samuel Stow Ii8| 5^5

James Ward 121

Robert Johnson 123

XVIII CONTENTS.

CLASS OF 1646 124

Graduates : —

John Alcock 124

John Brock 127, 549, 585

George Stirk 131, 585

Nathaniel White 137, 548

CLASS OF 1647 141

Graduates : —

Jonathan Mitchel 141, 548

Nathaniel Mather 157, 548

Comfort Star 162

John Birden 163

Abraham Waiver 163

George Hadden 164, 585

William Mildmay 164, 547

No Graduates in 1648 • • 165

CLASS OF 1649 166

Graduates : —

John Rogers 166, 549

Samuel Eaton 171, 548, 573^ 586

Urian Oakes 173, 548

John Collins 186^ 549

John Bowers 192

CLASS OF 1650 194

Graduates : —

William Stoughton 194, 549, 586

John Glover 208, 551, 586

Joshua Hobart 211,550^586

Jeremiah Hobart 214, 550^ 586

Edmund Weld 220, 550

Samuel Phillips 221, 550

Leonard Hoar 228, 550, 587

Isaac AUerton 253, 550^ 590

Jonathan Ince 256, 552

CLASS OF 1651 259

Graduates : —

Michael Wigglesworth 259, 551, 590

Seaborn Cotton 286, 551, 590

Thomas Dudley 294, 551

John Glover 296^ 551, 563, 586, 592

Henry Butler 297, 552

Nathaniel Pelham 300, 552, 592

John Davis 300, 552, 592

CONTENT^. XIX

Isaac Chauncy 302, 552

Ichabod Chauncy 308, 552

Jonathan Burr 309, 552, 592

CLASS OF 1652 311

Graduate : —

Joseph Rowlandson 311

CLASS OF 1653. August 9 322

cobfmencement exercises in 1655 322

Graduates : —

Samuel Willis 323, 549

John Angier 325, 552

Thomas Shepard 327, 553

Samuel Nowell 335, 553

Richard Hubbard 342, 553

John Whiting 343, 553

Samuel Hooker 348, 553

John Stone 352, 553, 592

William Thomson 354, 553

CLASS OF 1653. August 10 s, • 358

Commencement Exercises in 1656 358

Graduates : —

Edward Rawson 359, 553

Samuel Bradstreet 360, 553

Joshua Long 362, 553

Samuel Whiting 363, 553

Joshua Moodey 367, 554, 57i (?)i 592

Joshua Ambrose 381, 554

Nehemiah Ambrose 381, 554

Thomas Crosby 382, 554

CLASS OF 1654 384

Graduate: —

Phillip Nelson 384, 555

CLASS OF 1655 389

Graduates : —

Gershom Bulkeley 389, 557, 593

Mordecai Matthews 403, 561

CLASS OF 1656 405

Commencement Exercises in 1659 593

Graduates : —

Eleazar Mather 405, 562

Increase Mather 410, 562, 593

Robert Paine 470^ 562

Shubael Dummer 47 1, 562

XX CONTENTS.

John Haynes 475, 563

John Eliot 476, 562

Thomas Graves 480^ 562, 577

John Emerson 485, 567, 571, 596

CLASS OF 1657 488

Commencement Exercises in 1660 488

Graduates : —

Zechariah Symmes 489, 567

Zechahah Brigden 494, 568

John Cotton 496, 568, 598

John Hale 509, 568

Elisha Cooke 520, 568

John Whiting 525, 568

Baraabas Chauncy 527

CLASS OF 1658 530

Graduates : —

Joseph Eliot 530^ 57c

Joseph Haynes 533, 562, 572

Benjamin Bunker 535, 572

Jonah Fordham 538

John Barsham 539, 572

Samuel Talcott 541, 573

Samuel Shepard 542, 572, 599

APPENDIX 545

Students from 1649-50 to 1659 ...... 547

Additions and Corrections 583

INDEX .601

SUBSCRIBERS.

INTRODUCTION.

The General Court of Massachusetts Bay, in New
England, 28 October, 1636, "agreed to give 4cx>^ to-
wards a schoale or coUedge, whearof 200^ to bee paid
the next yeare, & 200^ when the worke is finished, & the
next Court to appoint wheare & w* building." By the
Court, 15 November, 1637, "The Colledg is ordered to
bee at Newetowne." November 20, 1637, five days
afterward, "the Governo' M' Winthrope, the Deputy
M' Dudley, the Treasurer M' Bellingham, M' Humfrey,
M' Herlakenden, M' Staughton, M' Cotton, M' Wilson,
M' Damport, M' Wells, M' Sheopard, & M' Peters,
these, or the greater part of them, whereof M^ Winthrope,
M' Dudley, or M' Bellingham, to bee alway one, to take
order for a coUedge at Newetowne." *

' Governor John Winthrop, the New England in 1635, was an As-

ancestor of the Winthrop family in sistant, and died of small-pox, 17

America, bom at Edwardstone, ad- November, 1638. Israel Stoughton,

joining Groton, England, 12 January, of Dorchester, father of Governor

1587-S, died in Boston, 26 March, William Stoughton, was an Assist-

1^9. Governor Thomas Dudley, ant for eight years, and returned to

father of Governor Joseph Dudley, England.

died at Roxbury, 31 July, 1653. The other six members of the
Richard Bellingham, Governor, died " Comittee as to y« colledg at New
7 December, 1672. John Humfrey, Toune" were clergymen or elders,
of Lynn, an Assistant, and the first John Cotton and John Wilson were
Major-General of the Colony, <* went of Boston, Thomas Welde of Rox-
bome" to England, 26 October, 1641. bury, and Thomas Shepard of Cam-
Roger Harlakenden, of Cambridge, bridge. John Davenport, educated
bom at Earle's Colne, in Essex, at Oxford, preached at London, in
Hnglandy i October, 161 1, came to 1633 was complained of for non-

INTRODUCTION.

May Zf/*iji^ii "It is ordered, that Newetowne shall
henceforwa/d' be called Cambrige."

.Warlt-h 13, 1638-9, "It is ordered, that the Colledge
.•agtecd vpon formerly to bee built at Cambridg shalbee
..railed Harvard Colledge,"'

conformity, went to Amsterdam in
Holland, thence came to Boston,
where with Governor Eaton he ar-
rived 26 June, 1637, and the next
year went to New Haven. After
thirty years he came to Boston,
where he was installed as successor
of John Wilson, and died 15 March,
167a Hugh Peters, of Salem, bom
1599, educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge, preached in London till
driven to Holland, where he was
associated as teacher with the fa-
mous William Ames, and continued
several months after Ames's death.
He probably arrived in New Eng-
land 6 October, 1635. August 3,
1 641, he sailed for England as
agent of the Colony, became a vio-
lent politician, and, being convicted
of treason at the Restoration, was
executed 16 October, 1660.

' The word College was not gener-
ally substituted for the word School,
immediately. Nathaniel Eaton, the
first teacher, is repeatedly designated
as Schoolmaster, but never as Presi-
dent September 9, 1639, having
been accused before the General
Court "for cruell & barbaros beat-
ing of M' Natha: Briscoe, & for other
neglecting & misvseing of his schol-
lers, it was ordered, that M' Eaton
should bee discharged from keeping
of schoale w*^ vs w**»out licence; &
M' Eaton is fined to the countrey
66» 13" 4*, w«*» fine is respited till the
next Court vnles hee remove the
meane while. The Court agreed M'

Eaton should give M' Natha: Bris-
coe 30^ for satisfaction for the wrong
done him, & to bee paid p'sently."

Winthrop, in his History of New
England, says: "The occasion was
this: He was a schoolmaster, and
had many scholars, the sons of gen-
tlemen and others of best note in the
country, and had entertained one Na-
thaniel Briscoe, a gentleman bom, to
be his usher, and to do some other
things for him, which might not be
unfit for a scholar. He had not been
with him above three days but he fell
out with him for a very small occa-
sion, and, with reproachful terms, dis-
charged him, and turned him out of
his doors; but, it being then about
eight of the clock after the Sabbath,
he told him he should stay till next
moming, and, some words growing
between them, he struck him and
pulled him into his house. Briscoe
defended himself, and closed with
him, and, being parted, he came in
and went up to his chamber to lodge
there. Mr. Eaton sent for the con-
stable, who advised him first to ad-
monish him, etc., and if he could not,
by the power of a master, reform
him, then he should complain to the
magistrate. But he caused his man
to fetch him a cudgel, which was a
walnut tree plant, big enough to have
kiUed a horse, and a yard in length,
and, taking his two men with him, be
went up to Briscoe, and caused his
men to hold him till he had given him
two hundred stripes about the head

EATON S SCHOOL.

The vote of 20 November, 1637, was modified by
another, which is on record under the date of 27 Sep-
tember, 1642, the year in which the first Commencement
was held, and is in these words : —

"Whereas, by order of Co't in the 7* \_g^^'] m**, 1636,

and shoulders, etc, and so kept him
under blows (with some two or three
short intermissions) about the space
of two hours, about which time Mr.
Shepherd and some others of the
town came in at the outcry, and so he
gave over. In this distress Briscoe
gate out his knife, and struck at the
man that held him, but hurt him not
He also fell to prayer, (supposing he
shonld have been murdered,) and
then Mr. Eaton beat him for taking

the name of God in vain He

was called, and these things laid to
his charge in the open court His
answers were full of pride and dis-
dain, telling the magistrates, that
they should not need to do any thing
herein, for he was intended to leave
his employment. And being asked,
why he used such cruelty to Briscoe
his usher, and to other his scholars,
(for it was testified by another of his
ushers and divers of his scholars, that
he would give them between twenty
and thirty stripes at a time, and would
not leave till they had confessed what
he required,) his answer was, that he
had this rule, that he would not give
over correcting till he had subdued
the party to his wilL Being also
questioned about the ill and scant
diet of his boarders, (for, though their
friends gave large allowance, yet their
diet was ordinarily nothing but por-
ridge and pudding, and that very
homely,) he put it off to his wife."
The next day, " being called, he was
commanded to the lower end of the

table, (where all offenders do usually
stand,) and, being openly convict of
all the former offences, by the oaths
of four or five witnesses, he yet con-
tinued to justify himself; so, it being
near night, he was committed to the
marshall till the next day. When the
court was set in the morning, many
of the elders came into the court, (it
being then private for matter of con-
sultation,) and declared how, the
evening before, they had taken pains
with him, to convince him of his
faults ; yet, for divers hours, he had
still stood to his justification ; but, in
the end, he was convinced, and had
freely and fully acknowledged his sin,
and that with tears ; so as they did
hope he had truly repented, and
therefore desired of the court that he
might be pardoned, and continued in
his employment, alleging such fur-
ther reasons as they thought fit Af-
ter the elders were departed, the court
consulted about it, and sent for him,
and there, in the open court, before a
great assembly, he made a very solid,
wise, eloquent, and serious (seeming)
confession, condemning himself in
all the particulars, etc. Whereupon,
being put aside, the court consulted
privately about his sentence, and,
though many were taken with his
confession, and none but had a char-
itable opinion of it ; yet, because of
the scandal of religion, and offence
which would be given to such as
might intend to send their children
hither, they all agreed to censure him,

INTRODUCTION.

there was appointed & named six ma*"*" & six eld's to
order the Colledge at Cambridge, of w*'*' twelue some are
removed out of this iurisdiction, —

" It is therefore ordered, that the Governo' & Deputy
for the time being, & all the ma*"*" of this iurisdiction.

and put him from that employment
So, being called in, the govemour, af-
ter a short preface, etc., declared the

sentence of the court A pause

being made, and expectation that (ac-
cording to his former confession) he
would have given glory to God, and
acknowledged the justice and clem-
ency of the court, the govemour giv-
ing him occasion, by asking him if he
had ought to say, he turned away with
a discontented look, saying, 'If sen-
tence be passed, then it is to no end
to speak.' Yet the court remitted his
fine to £20f and willed Briscoe to
take but jf20."

The church at Cambridge intended
to deal with him. But he ''fled to
Pascataquack, and, being pursued
and apprehended by the govemour
there, he again acknowledged his
great sin in flying, etc., and prom-
ised (as he was a Christian man) he
would return with the messengers.
But, because his things he carried
with him were aboard a bark there,
bound to Virginia, he desired leave
to go fetch them, which they assented
unto, and went with him (three of
them) aboard with hinL So he took
his truss and came away with them
in the boat ; but, being come to the
shore, and two of them going out of
the boat, he caused the boatsmen to
put off the boat, and because the third
man would not go out, he tiuned him
into the water, where he had been
drowned, if he had not saved himself
by swimming. So he returned to the

bark, and presently they set sail and
went out of the harbor. Being thus
gone, his creditors began to com-
plain; and thereupon it was found,
that he was run in debt about £ locx)^
and had taken up most of this money
upon bills he had charged into Eng-
land upon his brother's agents, and
others whom he had no such relation
to. So his estate was seized, and put
into commissioners' hands, to be di-
vided among his creditors, allowing
somewhat for the present mainte-
nance of his wife and children. And,
being thus gone, the church proceeded
and cast him out He had been
sometimes initiated among the Jesu-
its." He was "about thirty years of
age, and upwards." He went to "Vir-
ginia, took upon him to be a minis-
ter ; but was given up of God to ex-
treme pride and sensuality, being
usually drunken, as the custom is
there. He sent for his wife and chil-
dren." She finally went, "and the
vessel was never heard of after." — i.
308 ; ii. 22.

Mather says that he went from
Virginia to ^England^ where he lived
privately until the Restauration of
King Charles II. Then Conforming
to the Ceremonies of the Church of
England^ he was fixed at Biddiford,
where he became .... a bitter Perse-
cutor^ of the Dissenters, and died in
prison for debt — Magnaha, iv. 127.

The confession of Eaton's wife is
printed in a note to Winthrop's His-
tory, i. 310: — "For their breakfast

EATON S SCHOOL.

together with the teaching eld's of the sixe next adioyn-
ing towneSj that is, Cambridge, Watertowne, Charlestowne,
Boston, Roxberry, & Dorchester, & the p'sident of the
colledge for the time being, shall have from time to time
full power, & authority to make & establish all such

that it was not so well ordered, the
flower not so fine as it might, nor so
well boiled or stirred, at all times that
it was so, it was my sin of neglect, and
want of that care that ought to have
been in one that the Lord had in-
trusted with such a work. Concern-
ing their bee^ that was allowed them,
as they affirm, which, I confess, had
been my duty to have seen they
should have had it, and continued to
faa%'e had it, because it was my hus-
band's command; but truly I must
confess, to my shame^ I cannot re-
member that ever they had it, nor
that ever it was taken from them.
And that they had not so good or so
much provision in my husband's ab-
sence as presence, I conceive it was,
because he would call sometimes for
butter or cheese, when I conceived
there was no need of it ; yet, foras-
much as the scholars did otherways
a{>prehend, I desire to see the evil
that was in the carriage of that as
well as in the other, and to take
shame to myself for it. And that
they sent down for more, when they
had not enough, and the maid should
answer, if they had not, they should
not, I must confess, that I have de-
nied them cheese^ when they have sent
for it, and it have been in the house ;
for which I shall humbly beg pardon
of them, and own the shame, and con-
fess my sin. And for such provoking
words, which my servants have given,
I cannot own them, but am sorry any
such should be given in my house.

And for bad fish, that they had it
brought to table, I am sorry there
was that cause of offence given them.
I acknowledge my sin in it. And for
their mackerel, brought to them with
their guts in them, and goat's dung
in their hasty pudding, it's utterly
tmknown to me; but I am much
ashamed it should be in the family,
and not prevented by myself or ser-
vants, and I humbly acknowledge my
negligence in it And that they made
their beds at any time, were my straits
never so great, I am sorry they were
ever put to it For the Moor his lying
in Sam. Hough's sheet and pillow-
bier, it hath a truth in it : he did so
one time, and it gave Sam. Hough
just cause of offence ; and that it was
not prevented by my care and watch-
fulness, I desire [to] take the shame
and the sorrow for it. And that
they eat the Moor's crusts, and the
swine and they had share and share
alike, and the Moor to have beer, and
they denied it, and if they had not
enough, for my maid to answer, they
should not, I am an utter stranger to
these things, and know not the least
footsteps for them so to charge me ;
and if my servants were guilty of such
miscarriages, had the boarders com-
plained of it unto myself, I should
have thought it my sin, if I had not
sharply reproved my servants, and
endeavored reform. And for bread
made of heated, sour meal, although
I know of but once that it was so,
since I kept house^ yet John Wilson

6 INTRODUCTION.

ord's, statutes, & constitutions as they shall see neces-
sary for the instituting, guiding, & furthering of the
said CoUedge & the sev'all memb's thereof from time to
time in piety, morality, & learning; as also that they
shall have full power to dispose, order, & manage, to
the use & behoofe of the said CoUedge & members
thereof, all gifts, legacies, bequeathalls, revenues, lands,
& donations, as either have bene, are, or shalbee con-
ferred, bestowed, or any wayes shall fall to the said
CoUedge; & whereas it may come to passe y* many
of the said ma*^** & eld's may bee absent, or otherwise
implied in weighty affaires, when the said CoUedge
neede their p'sent helpe, councell, & authority; there-
fore it is ordered, that y* greater number of the said
magistrates, eld's, & president shall have the power of
the whole; provided, also, that if any constitution, order,
or orders shalbee made that is found hurtfuU to the
said CoUedge,' or the members thereof^ or to the weale
publike, that then, upon the appeale of the partie or
parties aggrieved to the said overseers, that they shall
repeale the said order or orders at their next meeting,
or stand accountable thereof to the next Gen'all Co't."

affirms it was twice ; and I am truly it*s true that I did say so, and am

sorry, that any ofit was spent amongst sorry, they had any cause of offence

them. For beer and bread, that it given them by having it so. And for

was denied them by me betwixt meals, their wanting beer, betwixt brewings,

truly I do not remember, that ever I a week or half a week together, I am

did deny it unto them ; and John sorry that it was so at any time, and

Wilson will affirm, that, generally should tremble to have it so, were it

the bread and beer was free for the in my hands to do again And

boarders to go unto. And that money whereas they say, that sometimes

was demanded of them for washing they have sent down for more meat,

the linen, it's true it was propounded and it hath been denied, when it have

to them, but never imposed upon been in the house, I must confess,

them. And for their pudding being to my shame, that I have denied

given the last day of the week without them oft, when they have sent for it,

butter or suet, and that I said, it was and it have been in the house."
miln of Manchester in Old England,

THE COLLEGE. 7

It was under an administration based on these votes
of the General Court that the College was begun and
continued till the charter was granted in 1650.

Of the spirit of the people in relation to such an in-
stitution, of the requirements for admission and for the
degrees of bachelor and master of arts, of the discipline,
and of the character and extent of the studies at that
early day, some account is contained in "New Englands
First Fruits,*' a work published at London in 1643, but
probably written within a few weeks of the time when
the first class was graduated. It says : —

|Fter God had carried us fafe to New-England^
and wee had builded our houfes, provided
neceffaries for our liveli-hood, rear'd con-
venient places for Gods worfliip, and fetled
the Civill Government: One of the next things we
longed for, and looked after, was to advance Learning
and perpetuate it to Pofterity; dreading to leave an il-
literate Miniftery to the Churches, when our prefent
Minifters fliall lie in the Duft. And as wee were think-
ing and confulting how to effeft this great Work; it
pleafed God to ftir up the heart of one Mr. Harvard
(a godly Gentleman, and a lover of Learning, there
living amongft us) to give the one halfe of his Eftate
(it being in all about 1700. 1.) towards the erefting of
a CoUedge, and all his Library: after him another gave
300. 1. others after them caft in more, and the publique
hand of the State added the reft: the Colledge was, by
common confent, appointed to be at CamMdge, (a place
very pleafant and accommodate) and is called (according
to the name of the firft founder) Harvard CoUedge.

"The Edifice is very faire and comely within and
without, having in it a fpacious Hall; (where they daily
meet at Commons, Leftures) Exercifes, and a large Li-

INTRODUCTION.

brary with fome Bookes to it, the gifts of diverfe of our
friends, their Chambers and ftudies alfo fitted for, and
poffeffed by the Students, and all other roomes of Office
neceflary and convenient, with all needfull Offices thereto
belonging: And by the fide of the CoUedge a faire Gram-
mar Schoole, for the training up of young SchoUars, and
fitting of them for Academicall Learnings that ftill as they
are judged ripe, they may be received into the CoUedge:
of this Schoole Mafter Corlet is the Mr., who hath very
well approved himfelfe for his abilities, dexterity and
painfulneflTe in teaching and education of the youth un-
der him.

"Over the CoUedge is mafter Dunjter^ placed, as Prefi-

* The statements in the text are
confirmed by Edward Johnson's His-
tory, or "Wonder-working Provi-
dence of Sion's Saviour, in New-
England," published at London in
1654, which also contains some other
information. The author, under date
of 1640, says : —

"HPOward the latter end of this
A Summer came over the learned,
reverend, and judicious Mr. Henry
Dunjlery before whofe coming the
Lord was pleafed to provide a Pa-
tron for eredling a Colledg, as you
have formerly heard, his provident
hand being now no lefs powerful in
pointing out with his unerring finger,
a prefident abundantly fitted this his
fervant, and fent him over for to man-
nage the work ; and as in all the other
pafTages of this hidory, the Wonder-
working Providence of Sions Saviour
hath appeared, fo more efpecially in
this work, the Fountains of learning
being in a great meafure flopped in
our Native Country at this time, fo
that the fweet waters oiShilo^s flreams
mufl ordinarily pafs into the Churches

through the flinking channel of pre-
latical pride, befide all the filth that
the fountains themfelves were daily
incumbred withall, infomuch that the
Lord turned afide often from them,
and refufed the breathings of bis
blefTed Spirit among them, which
caufed Satan (in thefe latter dales of
his transformation into an Angel of
light) to make it a means to perfwade
people from the ufe of learning alto-
gether, that fo in the next generation
they might be deflitute of fuch helps,
as the Lord hath been pleafed hith-
erto to make ufe of, as chief means
for the converfion of his people, and
building them up in the holy faith, as
alfo for breaking downe the Kingdom
of Antichrifl ; and verily had not the
Lord been pleafed to fumifh N. E,
with means for the attainment of
learning, the work would have been
carried on very heavily, and the hearts
of godly parents would have vanifh'd
away with heavinefs for their poor
children, whom they mufl have lefl
in a defolate wildemefs, deflitute of
the meanes of grace.
" It being a work (in the apprehen-

PRESIDENT DUNSTER.

dent, a learned confcionable and induftrious man, who
hath fb trained up, his Pupiils in the tongues and Arts,
and fo feafoned them with the principles of Divinity
and Chriftianity, that we have to our great comfort,
(and in truth) beyond our hopes, beheld their progreffe
in Learning and godlineffe alfo : the former of thefe hath
appeared in their publique declamations in Latine and
Greekcj and Difjputations Logicall and Philofophicall,

ilon of ally whofe capacity could reach
to the great fums of money, the edifice
of a mean CoUedg would cofl) pail the
reach of a poor Pilgrim people, who
had expended the greateft part of
their eflates on a long voyage, travel-
ling into Forraign Countryes, being
unprofitable to any that have under-
taken it, although it were but with
their neceflary attendance^ whereas
this people were forced to travel with
wifes, children, and fervants ; befides
they confidered the treble charge of
building in this new populated defart,
in regard of al kind of workmanfhip,
knowing likewife, that young Students
could make but a poor progrefs in
learning, by looking on the bare walls
of their chambers, and that Diogenes
would have the better of them by far,
in making ufe of a Tun to lodg in,
not being ignorant alfo, that many
people in this age are out of conceit
with learning, and that although they
were not among a people who counted
ignorance the mother of devotion, yet
were the greater part of the people
wholly devoted to the Plow, (but to
fpeak uprightly, hunger is (harp, and
the head will retain little learning,
if the heart be not refrelhed in fome
competent meafure with food, al-
though the grofs vapors of a glutted
ftomack are the bane of a bright un-
derftanding, and brings barrennefs to
the brain) but how to have both go

on together, as yet they know not;
amidft all thefe difficulties, it was
thought meet learning (hould plead
for itfelf, and (as many other men of
good rank and quality in this barren
defart) plod out a way to live : Here-
upon all thofe who had tailed the
fweet wine of Wifdoms drawing, and
fed on the dainties of knowledg,
began to fet their wits a work, and
verily as the whole progrefs of this
work had a farther dependency then
on the prefent eyed means, fo at this
time chiefly the end being firmly
fixed on a fure foundation, namely,
the glory of God, and good of all his
ele€l people, the world throughout,
in vindicating the truths of drift,
and promoting his glorious Kingdom,
who is now taking the heathen for
his inheritance, and the utmoft ends
of the earth for his pofleffion, means
they know there are, many thoufands
uneyed of mortal man, which every
daies Providence brings forth ; upon
thefe refolutions, to work they go,
and with thankful acknowledgment,
readily take up all lawful means as
they come to hand, for place they fix
their eye upon New-Town^ which to
tell their Pofterity whence they came,
is now named Cambridge and withal
to make the whole world under-
ftand, that fpiritual learning was the
thing they chiefly defured, to fandlifie
the other, and make the whol^ lump

INTRODUCTION.

which they have beene wonted (befides their ordinary
Exercifes in the CoUedge-Hall) in the audience of the
Magiftrates, Minifters, and other Schollars, for the pro-
bation of their growth in Learning, upon fet dayes, con-
ftantly once every moneth to make and uphold: The
latter hath been manifefted in fundry of them, by the
favoury breathings of their Spirits in their godly con-
verfation. Infomuch that we are confident, if thefe early-

holy, and that learning being fet upon
its right obje^ might not contend
for error inflead of truth ; they chofe
this place, being then under the Or-
thodox, and foul-flourifliing Miniftery
of Mr. Thomas Shepheard^ of whom
it may be faid, without any wrong to
others, the Lord by his Miniftery
hath faved many a hundred foul:
The fcituation of this CoUedg is very
pleafant, at the end of a fpacious
plain, more like a bowling green,
then a Wildemefs, neer a fair navi-
gable river, environed with many
Neighbouring Towns of note, being
fo neer, that their houfes joyn with
her Suburbs, the building thought
by fome to be too gorgeous for a
Wildemefs, and yet too mean in
others apprehenfions for a Colledg,
it is at prefent inlarging by purchafe
of the neighbour houfes, it hath the
conveniencies of a fair Hall, comfort-
able Studies, and a good Library,
given by the liberal hand of fome
Magiftrates and Minifters, with oth-
ers: The chief gift towards the
founding of this Colledg, was by
Mr. John Names [Harvard], a rev-
erend Minifter, the Country being
very weak in their publike Treafury,
expended about 500. 1. towards it,
and for the maintenance thereof, gave
the yearly revenue of a Ferry pailage
between Bo/ion^ and Charles Town^

the which amounts to about 40. or
50. L per annum. The Commiffion-
ers of the four united Colonies alfo
taking into conftderation, (of what
common concernment this work
would be^ not only to the whole plan-
tations in general, but alfo to all our
Englifh Nation) they endeavoured to
ftir up all the people in the feveral
Colonies to make a yearly contribu-
tion toward it, which by fome is ob-
ferved, but by the moft very much
negledled ; the Government hath en-
deavoured to grant them all the priv-
iledges fit for a Colledg, and accord-
ingly the Governour and Magiftrates,
together with the Prefident of the
Colledg, for the time being, have a
continual care of ordering all matters
for the good of the whole : This Col-
ledg hath brought forth, and nurft up

very hopeful plants This hath

been a place certainly more free from
temptations to lewdnefs, then ordina-
rily England hath been, yet if men
ftiall prefume upon this to fend their
moft exorbitant children, intending
them more efpecially for Gods fer-
vice, the Juftice of God doth fome-
times meet with them, and the means
doth more harden them in their way,
for of late the godly Governors of
this Colledg have been forced to ex-
pell fome, for fear of corrupting the
Fountain." — pp. 1 62 - 1 66.

COLLEGE RULES AND PRECEPTS. II

bloflbmes may be cheriihed and warmed with the influ-
ence of the friends of Learning, and lovers of this pious
worke, they will by the help of God, come to happy
maturity in a fhort time.

"Over the CoUedge are twelve Overfeers chofen by
the generall Court, fix of them are of the Magiftrates,
the other fix of the Minifters, who are to promote the
bcft good of it and (having a power of influence into all
perfons in it) are to fee that every one be diligent and
proficient in his proper place.

^^Rules^ and Precepts that are obferved in the CoUedge.

"i.^ /"T 7"Hen any SchoUar is able to underftand
V V 2a/^, or fuch like clasficall Latine Author
ex tempore^ and make and fpeake true Latine in Verfe
and Profe, Juo ut aiunt Marte; And decline perfeftly
the Paradigim's of Nounes and Verbes in the Greek
tongue: Let him then and not before be capable of
admisfion into the CoUedge.

" 2. Let every Student be plainly inftnifted, and ear-
neftly prefled to confider well, the maine end of his life
and ftudies is, to know God and lejus Chrift which is
etemall life^ Joh. 17. 3. and therefore to lay Chrift in
the bottome, as the only foundation of all found knowl-
edge and Learning.

"And feeing the Lord only giveth wifedome. Let
every one ferioufly fet himfelfe by prayer in fecret to
feeke it of him, Frov 2, 3.

"3. Every one fliall fo exercife himfelfe in reading the
Scriptures twice a day, that he fliall be ready to give
fuch an account of his proficiency therein, both in Theo-
retticall obfervations of the Language, and Logick^ and
in PraSicall and fpirituall truths, as his Tutor fliall re-
quire, according to his ability ; feeing the entrance of the
word giveth lights it giveth underftanding to the Jtrnplcy
Pfiilm. 119. 130.

12 INTRODUCTION.

*'4 That they efliewing all profanation of Gods Name,
Attributes, Word, Ordinances, and times of Worfhip,
doe ftudie with good confcience, carefully to retaine God,
and the love of his truth in their mindes elfe let them
know, that (notwithftanding their Learning) God may
give them up to ftrong delujionsy and in the end to a
reprobate minde, 2 Thef. 2. ii, i2. R,om. i. 28.

"5. That they ftudioufly redeeme the time; obferve
the generall houres appointed for all the Students, and
the fpeciall houres for their owne Claffisx and then dili-
gently attend the Leftures, without any difturbance by
word or gefture. And if in any thing they doubt, they
fliall enquire, as of their fellowes, fo, (in cafe of Nan
fatisfaSiion) modeftly of their Tutors.

*'6. None fliall under any pretence whatfoever, frequent
the company and fociety of fuch men as lead an unfit,
and diflblute life.

"Nor fliall any without his Tutors leave, or (in his
abfence) the call of Parents or Guardians, goe abroad to
other Townes.

"7. Every SchoUar fliall be prefent in his Tutors
chamber at the 7th. houre in the morning, immediately
after the found of the Bell, at his opening the Scripture
and prayer, fo alfo at the 5th. houre at night, and then
give account of his owne private reading, as aforefaid
in Particular the third, and conftantly attend Ledhires in
the Hall at the houres appointed? But if any (without
neceflary impediment) fliall abfent himfelf from prayer or
Ledures, he fliall bee lyable to Admonition, if he offend
above once a weeke.

*'8. If any SchoUar fliall be found to tranfgrefle any
of the Lawes of God, or the Schoole, after twice Ad-
monition, he fliall be lyable, if not adultuSy to correftion,
if adultusy his name fliall be given up to the Overfeers
of the CoUedge, that he may bee admoniflied at the pub-
lick monethly Aft.

COLLEGE STUDIES. 1 3

*' The times and order of their Studies^ unlejfe experience Jhall
Jhew caufe to alter.

"nr^He fecond and third day of the weeke, read Left-

X ures, as foUoweth.

'*To the firft yeare at 8 th. of the clock in the morning
Lagicky the firft three quarters, Phyjicks the laft quarter.

"To the fecond yeare, at the 9th. houre, Ethicks and
Politicks^ at convenient diftances of time.

**To the third yeare at the loth. Arithmetick and
Geometry^ the three firft quarters, Aftronomy the laft.

^^Afternoone^

*'The firft yeare difjputes at the fecond houre.

*'The 2d. yeare at the 3d. houre.

**The 3d. yeare at the 4th. every one in his Art.

The 4M. day reads Greeke.

**To the firft yeare the Etymologie and Syntax at the
eigth houre.

"To the 2d. at the 9th. houre, Projodia and DialeSfs.

**Aftemoone.

"The firft yeare at 2d. houre praftice the precepts of
Grammar in fuch Authors as have variety of words.

"The 2d. yeare at 3d. houre praftice in Po'efy^ NonnuSy
Duparty or the like.

"The 3d. yeare perfeft their Theory before noone, and
exercife Styky Compojitiony Imitationy Epitome^ both in Profe
and Vcrfe, afternoone.

" Thefift day reads Hebrew^ and the Eafteme Tongues,

^^ Grammar to the firft yeare houre the 8 th.
"To the 2d. Chaldee at the 9th. houre.
"To the 3d. Syriack at the loth. houre.

14 INTRODUCTION.

^^Aftemoone.
"The firft yeare praftice in the Bible at the ad. houre.
" The ad. in Ezra and Danel at the 3d. houre.
"The 3d. at the 4th. houre in Troftius New Teftament.

« The eth. day reads Rhetorick to all at the Sth. houre,

^* Declamations at the 9th. So ordered that every Schol-
ler may declaime once a moneth. The reft of the day
vacat Rhetoricis Jiudiis.

*^The Jth, day reads Divinity Catecheticall at the Sth. houre, Commonplaces
at the ^th. houre. Aftemoone,

"The firft houre reads hiftory in the Winter,'

**The nature of plants in the Summer..

"The fumme of every Lefture ftiall be examined, be-
fore the new Lefture be read.

"Every SchoUar, that on proofe is found able to read
the Originalls of the Old and New Teftament in to the
Latine tongue, and to refolve them Logically \ withall
being of godly life and converfation ; And at any publick
Aft hath the Approbation of the Overfeers, and Mafter
of the Colledge, is fit to be dignified with his firft Degree.

"Every SchoUar that giveth up in writing a Syftem^ or
SynopfiSj or fumme of Logick, Naturall and Morall Phy-
lofophyy Arithmeticky Geometry and Aftronomy : and is ready
to defend his Thejes or pofitions: withall ikilled in the
Originalls as abovefaid: and of godly life & converfation:
and fo approved by the Overfeers and Mafter of the Col-
ledge, at any publique ASt^ is fit to be dignified with his
2d. Degree."

CLASS OF 1642.

I DO not find any record of the day or of the month,
in 1642, when the first Commencement was held. Prob-
ably it was in October. Governor John Winthrop writes :
"Nine bachelors commenced at Cambridge; they were
young men of good hope, and performed their acts, so as
gave good proof of their proficiency in the tongues and
arts. The general court had settled a government or
superintendency over the college, viz. : all the magis-
trates and elders over the six nearest churches and the
president, or the greatest part of these. Most of them
were now present at this first commencement, and dined
at the college with the scholars' ordinary commons, which
was done of purpose for the students' encouragement,
&c- and it gave good content to all."*

Governor Thomas Hutchinson, in his History of
Massachusetts Bay, says: "The Thesis, with a particular
account of the whole proceeding, was published in Eng-
land. I know of but two copies extant." He undoubt-
edly refers to "New Englands First Fruits," which, be-
sides the "particular account," contains a reprint of the
"Thesis," which was again printed in the Proceedings of
the Massachusetts Historical Society, March, i860, page
441. These documents, copied from the same source
from which Hutchinson took them, are as follows: —

■ "At this commencement^ com- speeches, etc. for which, though they

plaint was made to the govemours of were adulti, they were corrected in

two young men, ofgood quality, lately the college, and sequestered, etc. for

come out of England, for foul mis- a time." — J. Winthrop, History of

behaviour, in swearing and ribaldry New England, iL 88.

1 6 CLASS OF 1642.

" The manner of the late Commencement ^ exprejfed in a Letter
Jent over from the Govemour^ and diverje of the Min-
ifterSj their own words thefe.

** '"T^HE Students of the firjl Clasjts that have beene thefe foure '
X yeeres trained up in Univerflty-Leaming (for their ripenifig
in the knowledge of the Tongues^ and Arts) and are apprved for
their manners, as they have kept their publick A£ls in former
yeareSf our f elves being prefent, at them ; fo have they lately kept
two folemne Ails for their Commencement, wheti the Govemour,
Magiflrates, and the Minijlers from all parts, with all forts of
SchollarSy and others in great numbers were prefent, and did heare
their Exercifes] which were Latine and Greeke Orations, and
Declamations, and Hebrew Analafis, Grammaticall, Logicall &
Rhetoricall of the Pfalms : And their Anfwers and Difputations
in Logicall, Ethicall, Phyjicall and Metaphyficall Quefiions ; and
fo were found worthy of the fir/I degree, (commonly called Batch-
eloui) pro more Academiarum in Anglia : Being firfl prefented
by the Prefident to the Magiflrates and Minifiers, and by him,
upon their Approbation, folemnly admitted unto the fame degree,
and a Booke of Arts delivered into each of their hands, and
power given them to read Ledures in the Hall upon any of the
Arts, when they fhall be thereunto called, and a liberty of fludy-
ing in the Library.

**All things in the Colledge are at prefent, like to proceed even

• Although four years are here men- before they commenced Batchelors in

tioned, the course of study, as pre- Arts ; several Scholars tho^ they were

scribed on pages 13 and 14, is for but accounted a^ good as any before them^

three years. Probably at first the and I suppose of diflferent Classes,

time was not precisely limited. Per- went off, and never took any Degree

haps the four years included some cU all. There were at least Five of

preparatory study in the " Grammar them, who after made a very shining

Schoole." Figure in New-England ; vwr. Gov.

Thomas Prince says of Samuel Josiah Winslow ; this Rev, Mr, Sam-

Torrey : "/ suppose he was admitted uel Torrey ; the Rev, Mr, Ichabod

into Harvard-College about 1650^ and Wiswall of Duxbury, Agent for

should, according to the preceeding Plvmouth-Colony at the Court

Custom, have taken his first Degree ^England upon the Revolution ; the

in three Years. But the Corporation Rev, Mr, Samuel Wakeman ofYdxt-

making a Law that the Scholars field ; and the Rev, Mr, Brimsmead,

should study at College four Years <2^ Marlborough: who would cUl have

COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 1 7

as wee can wijh, may it but pleafe the Lord to goe on with his
hkffing in Chrijl^ and Jlir up the hearts of his faithfully and
able Servants in our owne Native Country^ and here^ {as he hath
graciaufly begun) to advance this Honourable and mofl hopefull
worke. The beginnings whereof and progrejfe hitherto {gener-
ally) doe fill our hearts with comfort, and raife them up to much
more expellationy of the Lords goodnejfe for hereafter ^ for the good
of poflerity^ and the Churches of Chrifl lefus.

"Boston in New-England,

September the 26. Your very loving

1642. friends, 6fr.

"A Copie of the Queftions given and maintained by the
Commencers in their publick Afts, printed in Cam-
bridge in New-England^ and reprinted here verbatim,
as followeth.

" Spectatisfimis Pietate, et Illuftrisfimis Eximia

Virtute Viris, D. lohanni WinthropOy inclytae Maffachufetti

Coloniae Gubernatori, D. Johanni Endicotto Vice-

Gubernatori, D. Thorn. DudleOy D, Rich. Bellinghamo,

D. loan. Humphrydoy D. Ifrael. Stoughtono.

been a great Honour to our Harvard- commons hath been very short hith-
Catalogue." — Preface to Torrey's erto) by his frugal providence hath
" Discourse concerning Futurities." continued them longer at their Stud-
Cotton Mather says, '^Upon a ies then otherwise they could have
Disatisfaction, about an Hardship done; and verily it*s great pity
which" the scholars '^ thought put such ripe heads as many of them
upon themselves, in making them be, should want means to further
lose a good part of a Year of the them in learning." — Wonder-work-
Time, whereupon they Claimed their ing Providence, 168.
Degree (about the Year 1655) there Frequently, if not generally, grad-
was a Considerable Number, even uates continued their studies at the
Seventeen of the ^r^^ilezrj, which went College after they had taken their
away from the Colledge without any first degrees, being called Sirs till
Degree 2Xi}M* — Magnalia, iv. 135. they took their second degrees as

According to Johnson, President Masters of Arts.

Dunster "having a good inspection These statements have a bearing

into the well-ordering of things for on the division which occurs in the

the Students maintenance (whose Class of 1653,
2

1 8 CLASS OF 1642.

"Nec non Reverendis pientiffimifque viris loanni Cottono^

loan. JVilfonOy loan. Davenport^ Tho. WeUo^ Hugoni

Petro^ Tho. Shepardo^ Collegij Harvardenfis nov.

Cantabr. infpeftoribus fideliffimis, caeterifq;

Magiftratibus, & Ecclefiarum ejufdem

Coloniae Prefcyteris vigilantiffimis.

"Has Thefes Philologicas, & Philofophicas, quas Deo

duce, Praefide Henrico Dunftero^ palam pro virili pro-

pugnare conabuntur, (honoris & obfervantiae

gratia) dicant confecrantque in artibus libe-

ralibus initiati Adolefcentes.

Benjamin Woodbrigius.
Georgius Downingus.
Gulielmus Hubbardus.

Henricus Saltonjlall.
Johannes Bulkleius.
Johannes Wil/onus.

Nathaniel Bruflerus.
Samuel Belinghamus.
Tobias Bemardus.

*^ Thefes Philologicas.

"GRAMMATICAS.

Iijguarum Scientia eft utiiiflfima.

Literae non exprimunt quantum vocis Organa
efFerunt.

"3. Haebraea eft Linguarum Mater.
"4. Confonantes & vocales Haebreonim funt coaetaneae.
" 5. Pundationes chatephatae fyllabam proprie non efficiunt.
"6. Linguarum Graeca eft copiofiffima,
"7. Lingua Graeca eft ad accentus pronuntianda.
"8. Lingua Latina eft eloquentiffima.

"RHETORIC AS.

" T3 Hetorica fpecie difFert a Logica.
XVin Elocutione perfpicuitati cedit ornatus, ornatui
copia.
"3. Aftio primas tenet in pronuntiotione.
"4. Oratoris eft celare Artem.

COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 1 9

"LOGIC AS.

UNiverfalia non font extra intelleftum.
Omnia Argumenta font relata.
3. Caufa fine qua non non eft peculiaris caufa a quatuor
reliquis generalibus,
"4. Caufa & EfFeftus font limul tempore.
"5. DiiTentanea font aeque nota.
"6. Contrarietas eft tantum inter duo.
"7. Sublato relato toUitur correlatum.
" 8. Genus perfedum aequaliter communicatur fpeciebus.

9. Teftimonium valet quantum teftis.

10. Elenchorum doftrina in Logica non eft neceflaria.

11. Axioma contingens eft, quod ita verum eft, ut ali-
quando falfom effe pofllt.

12. Praecepta Artium debent effe Kara irdvTo^, Kaff aiJro,
/caff 6\ov irpSnov,

''Thefes Philofophicas.

"ETHIC AS.

PHilofophia praftica eft eruditions meta.
Adtio virtutis habitum antecellit.
3. Voluntas eft virtutis moralis fobjeftum.
"4. Voluntas eft formaliter libera.
" 5. Prudentia virtutum difficillima.
" 6. Prudentia eft virtus intelleftualis & moralis.

7. Juftitia mater omnium virtutum.
"8. Mors potius fobeunda quam aliquid culpa perpe-

trandum.
"9. Non injufte agit nifi qui libens agit.
" 10. Mentiri poteft qui verum dicit.
"11. Juveni modcftia fommum Oranmentum.

"PHYSIC AS.

"/^^Orpus naturale mobile eft fobjeftum Phificae.
V^ Materia fecunda non poteft exiftere fine forma.

20 CLASS OF 1642.

''3. Forma eft accidens.

"4. Unius rei non eft nifi unica forma conftitutiva.

"5- Forma eft principium individuationis.

** 6. Privatio non eft principium internum.

'^7. Ex meris accidentibus non fit fubftantia.

"8. Quicquid movetur ab alio movetur.

"9. In omni motu movens fimul eft cum mobili.

"10. Coelum non movetur ab intelligentijs.

"11. Non dantur orbes in coelo.

"12. Quodlibet Elementum habet unam ex primis quali-

tatibus fibi maxime propriam.

" 13. Putredo in humido fit a calore externo.

"14. Anima non fit ex traduce.

"15. Vehemens fenfibile deftruit fenfum.

"METAPHISICAS.

"/^^Mne ens eft bonum.

V^ Omne creatum eft concretum.
"3. Quicquid aeternum idem & immenfum.
"4. Bonum Metaphyficum non fufcipit gradus."

BENJAMIN WOODBRIDGE.

Born 1622, died 16S4, aged 62.

Rev. Benjamin Woodbridge, M. A., in the words of
Cotton Mather, was " the Leader of this whole Company
[of Graduates of Harvard College], and ... a Star of the
first Magnitude in his Constellation." Calamy speaks of
him as " a great Man every way ; . . . the first Graduate
of the College; . . . the lasting Glory as well as the first
Fruits of that Academy."

He was born in 1622. His father was the Reverend

BENJAMIN WOODBRIDGE. 21

John Woodbridge, of Stanton, near Highworth, in the
northeastern part of Wiltshire. His mother was daughter,
says Calamy, of "the famous Mr. Robert Parker \ who
wrote those celebrated Books, De signo Cruets \ de descensu
Chrisii ad Inferos \ &f de Politeia Ecclesiastica. He was
bred up in Magdalen-Hall in Oxon^

According to Wood, he "became either batler or
commoner of Magd.[alen] hall in Mich.[aelmas] term,
1638, aged 16 years; where he continued for some time
under the tuition of Will. Eyre. But before the time
came that he could be adorned with a degree, the times
changed, and the civil war thereupon began." He then
went to his relatives and friends who were in New Eng-
land.' **He answered in the university of Cambridge
there, several positions (which were about that time
printed) for the taking the degree of master of arts."

Possibly he was merely examined for a degree, or per-
formed a part at Commencement, without being resident
at the College, or after only a short residence. This was
probably for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. I do not
find that he ever took his second degree here. Cotton
Mather does not mention it, nor does Calamy, except
incidentally; neither is it found in any of the records or
early catalogues, not even in the catalogue printed in the
Magnalia. Wood may have confounded the two degrees.

After his return to England, "he retired to Oxon,
and as a member of Magd. hall he was admitted to the
same degree," (that is, according to Wood, to the degree
of Master of Arts,) i6 November, '^1648, being about
that time a minister, or, in the words of Cotton Mather,
"an Eminent Herald of Heaven at Salisbury ^

' His brother, the Reverend John first scholars of his time, and had
Woodbridge, afterward first minister married Mercy, daughter of Governor
of Andover, Massachusetts, had come Thomas Dudley. The Reverend
to Boston in 1634, with his uncle, the James Noyes, of Newbury, had mar-
Reverend Thomas Parker, one of the ried his mother's sister.

22 CLASS OF 1 642.

His talents and eloquence attracted the attention of
several distinguished persons at Newbury, in Berkshire,
and he accepted an invitation to succeed William Twisse,
D. D., long the minister there, and well known as the
President of the Westminster Assembly of Divines and
as an author.

This must have been before 1652, for he speaks of
having "formerly been a Preacher" at Salisbury, and in
that year of being "detained there full sore against" his
"will, by the surprizal of a Chronical distemper."

Wood says he was much resorted to by the Presbyte-
rians, and "was constituted one of the assistants to the
commissioners of that county, for the ejection of such,
whom that party and the independents then (1654) called
scandalous, ignorant and insufficient ministers and school-
masters."

According to Calamy, "he had a mighty Reputation
as a Scholar, a Preacher, a Casuist, and a Christian. By
his excellent Instruction and wise Conduct he reduced
the whole Town to a Sobriety of Opinion in Matters of
Religion, and an Unity in Worship; whereas they had
before been over-run with strange Opinions, and divided
into many Parties. He Preach'd three times every Week,
and expounded an Hour every Morning for several Years,
and his Success was very great and remarkable. Before
he left them there was scarce a Family in the Town,
where there was not repeating, Praying, Reading, and
Singing of Psalms in it. After King Charles*^ Return, he
was made one of his Chaplains in Ordinary, and Preach'd
once before him, while he bore that Character. He was
one of the Commissioners at the Savoj/y and very desirous
of an Accommodation [with the church party], and much
concern'd to find the Endeavours for it so fruitless. He
was offered a Canonry of fFindsor^ if he would have Con-

BENJAMIN WOODBRIDGE.

form'd but refused it/ He continued Preaching privately
at Newberry after he was Silenc'd [by the Act of Uniform-
ity, 24 August, 1662] ; and upon KingCA^r/f/s Indulgence
in 1671 [15 March, 167 1-2], more Pubiickly. He suf-
fered many ways for his Non-conformity, and yet was gen-
erally Respected by Men that had any Thing of Temper,
or were Judges of true and real Worth." **When the
Five Mile Act [31 October, 1665] took Place, he remov'd
from Newbury. But his Successor Mr. Sawyer thinking
him too near where he was, got some by Night to measure
the Ground, but fail'd in his Design, because he prov*d to
be out of Reach." " He dy'd at Inglefield in Berks^ Nov. i.

* Wood says: — After "bogling
long with himself, whether he should
take that dignity or not, it was at
length bestowed on a son of the
ch^urch] of England. Soon after
being silenc'd by virtue of the act
of conformity (for he seemed then
to hate a surplice and the common
prayer) he preached in private to
the brethren, but being often dis-
turbed, and imprisoned once or twice,
he, at length, by the persuasion of
some of his friends, took holy orders
from the hands of Dr. Earle bishop
of Salisbury, in the church of S.
Peter in the East in Oxon, in Octob.
1665, ^^^ ^ resolution to be con-
formable to the church of England.
But finding not preferment, suit-
able to his desire, to be conferred
upon him, and a grand neglect and
scorn of the brethren, he retum'd to
his former opinion (which some then
call'd his rags) and preached several
times in conventicles to the great
disturbance of the government, the
peace of Newbury and the neighbour-
hood." And after King Charles's
Indulgence, 15 March, 1671, *<he be-

came so audacious, that he did not
only preach publicly in the market
place there to the brethren, but dis-
turbed, or caused to be disturbed,
the good people in their going to
church. Upon the breaking out of
the popish plot an. 1678, when then
the fanatics took all advantages to
promote their respective interests, he
did then appear more public again
to the disturbance of the peace,
preached every Sunday in a conven-
ticle in Highcleere in Hampshire, and
generally once in a week at Newbury
before-mention'd, which is not far
off that place. At length upon the
breaking out of the presbyterian plot
in June 1683, he sculk'd and retired
to Inglefield in Berks, where, as I
have been informed, he constantly, if
his health permitted him, frequented
the public service of the church of
England and sermons in the church
there, to the time of his death."

In regard to Wood himself. Cotton
Mather says, he "does continually
serve the Romanizing Faction in the
Church of England^ with all manner
of Malice and Slander against the

CLASS OF 1642.

1684- After he had been Minister in" Newbury ''in
Publick and Private, near Forty Years. He was an uni-
versally Accomplish'd Person. One of clear and strong
Reason, and of an exact and Profound Judgment. His
Learning was very considerable, and he was a charming
Preacher, having a most commanding Voice and Air. His
Temper was staid and chearful; and his Behaviour very
Genteel and Obliging. Hfl was a Man of great Gener-
osity, and of an exemplary Moderation : One addicted to
no Faction, but of a Catholick Spirit. In short, so emi-
nent was his Usefulness, as to cast no small Reflection on
those who had a Hand in silencing and confining him.''

best Men in the World, that were in
any measure free from the Spirit of
that Faction^ — Magnalia, iv. 146.

Calamy, in the Preface to the sec-
ond volume of his second edition of
Ejected or Silenced Ministers, is very
severe on the Athenae Oxonienses.
« The Cankered Spirit of the Author^
has spoiPd that which otherwise had
been one of the best Books that a lover
of Biography could easily have met
with. His Reflections^ which are
many times as void of Judgment as
Charity^ are intolerable^ He spares
none. Many of the most eminent
Conformists, and some that were the
Glory of the Established Church, are
severely lashed as well as the poor
Nonconformists. Nay the very Mar^
tyrs do again suffer under him^

^^ Instead of being an Ornament to
the Famous University of Oxford,
V/j really a Blemish to it ; and so
will remain as long as 'tis Uncor-
rected, Its not capable of being
purged by Flames, It cannot indeed
be suppo^dj but it was a Mortifica-
tion to the Author y to live to see his
Book Censured and Burnt, and him-

self ExpelPd the University, Justice
was hereby done to many worthy
Persons, tho^ undesignedly: For
Wwas upon a particular Complaint,
that the Chancellors Court of the
University proceeded to that Sever-
ity, which was due for the Injury
he had done to the Memory of many J*

Calamy also cites Bishop Gilbert
Burnet's letter to the Bishop of Cov-
entry and Litchfield, that " that poor
Writer has thrown together such a
Tumultuary mixture of Stuff and Tat-
tle, and has been so visibly a Tool
of some of the Church of Rome, to
reproach all the greatest Men of our
Church that no Man who takes care
of his own Reputation, will take any-
thing upon Trust, that is said by one
that has no Reputation to lose."

Kennet, in his History of England,
ed. 1719, iii. 662, says that Wood, in
his Life of Judge Glynne, states " 'that
after the Restoration of King Charles
II. he was made his Eldest Serjeant
at Law, by the corrupt Dealing of the
then Lord Chancellor;' meaning Ed-
ward Earl of Clarendon, It was
chiefly for this Expression, that the

BENJAMIN WOODBRIDGE.

To cite Wood again, he "was accounted among the
brethren a learned and mighty man, and had brought
upon himself a very ill habit of body by his too too much
agitation for the cause. . . . His body being attended by
multitudes of dissenters to Newbury, was buried in the
church there, on the fourth day" of November, 1684.

In the Triennial Catalogue of Harvard University he
bears the title of Doctor of Divinity. Neither Mather
nor Calamy mentions this honor. If he had the title, it
must have been given to him at Oxford under Cromwell,
for under no other administration could a Puritan divine
have received it.

late Earl, as Eldest Son and Heir
of the said Chancellor, preferr'd an
Action in the Vice-Chancellor's Court
against the Author, for Defamation
of his deceased Father. The Issue
of the Process was a hard Judgment
given against the Defendant ; which,
to be made the more publick, was
put into the Gazette in these Words :
• Oxfordy July 31. 1693. On the 29th
Instant, Anthony d Wood was con-
demned in the Vice-Chancellor's
Court of the University of Oxford^
for having written and published, in
the Second Volume of his Book, en-
titledy Athena Oxonienses^ divers in-
famous Libels against the Right
Honourable Edward late Earl of
Clarendon^ Lord High-Chancellor of
England^ and Chancellor of the said
University; and was therefore ban-
ished the said University, until such
Time as he shall subscribe such a
Publick Recantation, as the Judge of
the Court shall approve of, and give
Security not to offend in the Uke
Nature for the future : And his said

Book was therefore also decreed to
be burnt before the Publick Theatre ;
and on this Day was burnt accord-
ingly : And publick Programma^s of
his Expulsion are already afHxed in
the Three usual Places.*

** This Censure was the more griev-
ous to the Blunt Author, because it
seem'd to come from a Party of Men,
whom he had the least disobliged. His
Bitterness had been against the Dis-
senters ; but of all the Zealous Church-
Men he had given Characters with a
singular Turn of Esteem and Affec-
tion : Nay, of the Jacobites^ and even
of the Papists themselves, he had
always spoke the most favourable
Things; and therefore it was really
the greater Mortification to him, to
feel the Storm coming from a Quar-
ter where he thought he least de-
served, and might least expect it,
For the same Reason, this Correc-
tion was some Pleasure to the Pres-^
byterians^ who believ'd there was a
Rebuke due to him, which they them-
selves were not able to pay.!*

26 CLASS OF 1642.

WORKS.

1. Justification by Faith : or, A Confutation of that Antinomian
Error that Justification is before Faith. Being the Summe and Sub-
stance of a Sermon preached at Sarum. London, 1652. 4to.

This is probably the second work printed by any Harvard Col-
lege graduate, the first being by Ames, of the class of 1645. Wood
says, it ^'is the sum of a sermon preached at Salisbury, and is
contained in 3 or 4 sh.[eets] of paper." William Eyre heard Thomas
Warren, of Houghton, preach in Salisbury, in 1652, a Wednesday
lecture which he thought contained unsound doctrines. He asked
a conference, which was held, but without satisfaction. The next
day Eyre preached in reply. Woodbridge took Warren's part, and
the next Wednesday preached on the same subject. "Afterwards
he and Eyre, at a conference about the matter in the public meet-
ing place after sermon, made it a public quarrel, and defied each
other." Woodbridge thereupon published this sermon, embodying
the contents of the disputation between himself and Eyre. "The
famous Rich. Baxter saith that 'the sight of the said sermon of
Mr. Woodbridge of so much worth in so narrow room, did cause
him to bless God that the church had such a man, and especially
Newbury, who had so excellently learned a pastor before (meaning
Dr. Twysse), who had mistaken so much in this very point.' Also
that ' the said sermon is one of the best, easiest and cheapest pre-
servatives against the contagion of this part of antinomianism of
any,' &c." Wood adds, " But by the way I must tell the reader
that as the said Mr. Baxter was enclining to arminianism so our
author Woodbridge was in some points."

2. The I Method | of | Grace | in the | Justification | of | Sin-
ners. I Being a Reply to a Book written by Mr Wil- | liam Eyre
of Salisbury : | Entituled, | Vindicise Justificationis Gratuitae, | Or
the I Free Justification of a Sinner justified. | Wherein the Doc-
trine contained in the said Book, is proved | to be Subversive both
of Law and Gospel, contrary to | the consent of Protestants. And
inconsistent with it self. | And the Ancient Apostolick Protestant
Doctrine of | Justification by Faith asserted. || London, 1656. 4to.

PP- (9X359-

A copy of this work is in Harvard College Library. Calamy

says it is ">/ Book that deserves the Perusal of all such as would see
the Point of Justification nervously and exactly handled.^* The " Epis-
tle to the Reader," in nine pages, gives an account of the contro-

BENJAMIN WOODBRIDGE. 27

vcrsy with Eyre, and of the circumstances which led to its publi-
cation. Wood mentions **The Apostolic Protestant Doctrine
of Justification by Faith asserted — Printed with The Method of
Grace, &c." This is not in the College copy. May not Wood
have mistaken a part of the title of *'The Method of Grace" for
the title of a separate work ?

3. Church Members set in Joynt : or, a Discovery of the un-
warrantable and disorderly Practice of private Christians in usurping
the peculiar Office and Work of Christ's own Pastors, viz. Public
Preaching, &c. London, 1656, 57. 4to.

4. The name of B, Woodbridge is subscribed to Verses ** Upon
the Tomb of the most Reverend Mr. John Cotton, late Teacher
of the Church of Boston in New England,*' printed in Mather's
Magnalia, iii. 30. They contain the following lines, which, it has
been suggested, gave to Franklin the hint for his celebrated epitaph
upon himself: —

" A Living Breathing Bible ; Tables where

Both Covenants, at Large, engraven were ;
Gospel and Law, in's Heart, had Each its Column ;

His Head an Index to the Sacred Volume ;
His very Name a Title-Page ; and next,

His Life a Commentary on the Text
O, What a Monument of Glorious Worth,

When, in a New Edition, he comes forth,
Without Errata^s, may we think hel be

In Leaves and Covers of Eternity ! "

5. When chaplain to King Charles, he preached before him a
sermon on Acts xvii. 1 1 ; but it may not have been printed.

6. He published a work by his uncle, James Noyes, of Newbury,
Massachusetts, entitled, '* Moses and Aaron : Or, The Rights of
Church and State: Containing two Disputations." London, i66i*
4to.

AuTHORrriES.--E.Calamy, Eject- American Quarterly Register, viii.

ed or Silenced Ministers, iL ix, 95; 129. S. Kettell, Specimens of Amer-

Continuation, 132. E. A. and G. L. ican Poetry, i. xxix. Massachusetts

Duyckinck, Cyclopaedia of American Historical Society, Collections, x. 32.

Literature, i. 22. J. Farmer, Gene- C. Mather, Magnalia, iii. 31 ; iv. 135.

alogical Register, 327 ; and Memo- D. Neal, History of the Puritans, iv.

rials of the Graduates of Harvard 530. T. Palmer, Non-Conformists

University, 3 ; Collections of the New Memorial, L xi, 229. A. k Wood,

Hampshire Historical Society, iv. 39 ; Athense Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, iv. 1 58 ;

Farmer and Moore's Collections, His- Fasti, iv. io8.
^^ical and Miscellaneous, iii. 183;

18 CLASS OF 1642.

GEORGE DOWNING.

Born about 1625, died 1684, aged 59.

Sir George Downing, M. A., was son of Emanuel
Downing, of Salem, Massachusetts, who married, 10
April, 1622, Lucy, sister of Governor John Winthrop.
He was probably born in London, England, in 1625.
In 1636 he was at school "at Maydstone in Kent."
March 4, 1636-7, his mother wrote from England to
her brother. Governor Winthrop: '* George and his fa-
ther complye moste cordyally for new Eng: but poor
boy, I fear the journie would not be so prosperous
for him as I could wish, in respect you haue yet noe
sosieties nor means in that kinde for the education of
youths in learninge: and I bless God for it he is yet
reasonable hopefuU in that waye. and it would I thinke
as wee saye greue me in my graue to know that his
mynde should be withdrawne from his booke by other
sports or imployments, for that weer but the way to
make him good att nothinge. Its true the coUegdes
hear are much corruptted, yet not so I hope, but good
frinds maye yet finde a fittinge tutor for him : and if it
maye be with any hopes of his well doeinge hear, know-
Inge your preualency with my husband, and the hazard
the boy is in by reson both of his fathers and his owne
stronge inclination to the plantation sports : I am bould
to present this soUisitous suit of myne, with all earnest-
nes to you and my nephew Winthrop that you will not
condecend to his goeing ouer till he hath either attayned
to perfection in the arts hear or that theer be sufficient
means for to perfect him theerin with you : wich I should
be moste glad to hear of: it would make me goe far
nimbler to new Eng : if God should call me to it, then

GEORGE DOWNING. 2g

Otherwise I should: and I beleeu a coUegd would put
noe small life into the plantation."

George arrived in New England with his parents in
1638, probably early in October. He pursued his studies
under the Reverend John Fiske, for many years an in-
structor in Salem. He was also under the influence
of Hugh Peters, who married his aunt, and to whose
church in Salem his parents belonged. Upham says he
'* spent his later youth and opening manhood on Salem
Farms. In his college vacations and intervals of study,
he partook, perhaps, in the labors of the plantation, min-
gled with the rural population, and shared in their sports.
The crack of his fowling-piece re-echoed through the wild
woods beyond Procter's Corner; he tended his father's
duck-decoys at Humphries' Pond, and angled along the
clear brooks."

He was the first graduate from Salem. February
24, 1642-3, a few months after he took his degree, his
mother Wrote to Governor Winthrop: "Somwhat allso
I am troubled concerning my sonne Georg. I perceiue
he is strongly inclined to trauill. Eng. is I fear vn-
peaceable, and other countryes perilous in poynt of re-
ligion and maners. Besides wee haue not whearwith to
acommodate him for such an ocasion:' and to goe a
seruant I think might not be very fit for him neither
in diuers respects. Religious masters or fellowes are not

» February 11, 1642-3, not a fort- by Capt Traske the second week in

night before this, George's mother, April next, whereof icvi bushels is to be

possibly to meet in part the drain of Indian, the rest pease and wheate.

made upon her resources to pay her And the other five pounds in such

son's college expenses, conveyed real commodities as her occasions require

estate to John Pickering, for which excepting money and come." Her

he agreed to pay ;C22, "nine pounds husband, who was then in England,

of her debts, to such persons as she recorded his agreement to this sale,

hath appointed, and eight pounds in 10. 12 mo., 1643. — Essex County

bacon, at vi** the pound, and come at Registry of Deeds, cxliv. 149.
such rates as they are sold commonly

30 CLASS OF 1642.

frequent in trauills, nor is he any scribe. I pray, sir,
be pleased to consider of it, and to giue him your best
aduise, for I fear it maye be some present preiudice to
him hear: and the liklyest I can perceiue to be his
motiue is his little expectation and fears of supplye hear.
The good Lord direct him to His owne glory."

Downing's purpose to go abroad was deferred. He
engaged in teaching, having received, 27 December, 1643,
an appointment for "y" yeare" at the college on a sal-
ary of four pounds, " to read to y* Junior pupills as y*
P'sident shall see fit."'

In the mean time he pursued the study of divinity;
his love of "trauill" and adventure increased, and he
was probably excited by the prospect of employment
and fame amid the stirring events in England. Accord-
ingly, in the summer of 1645, ^^ ^^^ ^g^ ^^ twenty, he
"went in a ship to the West Indies to instruct the
seamen." Probably he took this method to pay the
expenses of his voyage. He proceeded by way of
** Newfoundland, and so to Christophers, and Barba-
dos, and Nevis, and being requested to preach in all
these places, he gave such content, as he had large offers
made to stay with them. But he continued in the ship
to England, and being a very able scholar, and of a
ready wit and fluent utterance, he was soon taken notice
of, and called to be a preacher" in Colonel John Okey*s
regiment in the army of Sir Thomas Fairfax, who had
the chief command of the Parliament forces in the North
on the resignation of Lord Essex.

1 u ^^ ye meeting of y* Govemours ury 4" pr Annum to each of y" for

of Harvard CoUedge, held in y* Col- y**' paines.

ledge-Hall this 27 of 10** — 1643. "S' Bulkly, & S' Downing are

"It is ordered y** 2 Batchelours appoynted for y* service to continue

shall be chosen for y* p'sent helpe of for y^ yeare.** — Corporation Records.

y« P'sident, to read to y* Junior pu- Among the contributions in 1669

pills as y* P'sident shall see fitt, & for building the new college is ;C5

be allowed out of y« Colleadge Treas- , by Sir George Downing.

GEORGE DOWNING. 3 1

February 23, 1 650-1, his mother wrote: "All Georg
writs is that he is now returnd from Scotland, and is
still in a hurry of busines, and was that night by com-
maund to goe to the armye wich he expected was then

near the borders of Scotland My brother Kirby

sayth his cosen Georg is the only thriveing man of our
generation."

When not more than twenty-five years of age, Downing
had risen so fast as to have become a confidential member
of Cromwell's staff, and one of the most important cor-
respondents and advisers of Parliament. September 3,
165 1, he was at the battle of Worcester, which Crom-
well, foreseeing its consequences, called his "crowning
mercy"; and his despatch, which is printed in Cary's
Memorials, ii. 357, is thought to be far more perspic-
uous and soldier-like than that of his great commander.
As early as 13 April, 1652, he held the important posi-
tion of Scoutmaster-General to the army in Scotland.

In 1655, being secretary to Thurloe, who was Crom-
well's Secretary of State, he was sent to the Duke of
Savoy to remonstrate against the persecution of the Wal-
denses in Piedmont, and, on his way, to open negotiations
with the prime minister of France. In noticing this
mission Upham says: "He embarked from Dover in a
public ship, 4 August, 1665." He was received with
much attention, "and, after having travelled in great
state through the Netherlands, obtained a private audience
with Mazarin, which lasted, as Downing states in his de-
spatches, *full two hours.* The conversation was con-
ducted in Latin, and all the leading topics of European
politics were fully discussed and adjusted. Downing
accomplished all the objects of his mission, so far as
Mazarin was concerned, in this memorable interview,
and after having received the most flattering marks of
the Cardinal's favor pursued his journey to Geneva, se-

32 CLASS OF 1642.

cured the Waldenses from further injury and persecu-
tion, and returned to England with great applause."

He "was specially chosen member of Parliament in
1656 for the Protector's purposes . . . under Monk's in-
structions/' from the "boroughs connected with Had-
dington " in Scotland. Besides engaging zealously in all
other important business of the House he took the lead
in questions of revenue and trade.

"A Narrative of the late Parliament," published in
1657, records "George Downing as Scoutmaster General
£365 per Annum; one of the Tellers in the Exchequer
£500; in all £865 per Annum. It's said he hath the
Captain's pay of a troop of horse."

In 1657, he was appointed by Cromwell Minister to
Holland, with a salary of £i,ioo- The letter of cre-
dence, written by the poet John Milton, says he "is a
Person of eminent Quality, and after a long trial of his
Fidelity, Probity and Diligence, in several and various
Negotiations, well approv'd and valu'd by us. Him we
have thought fitting to send to your Lordships, dignify'd
with the Character of our Agent, and amply furnish'd
with our Instructions."* He went over in January,
1657-8, and was received with great ceremony. Upham,
in relation to his services during his residence at the
Hague, writes: "He held a constant correspondence with
all the Courts of Europe, negotiated a peace (as mediator)
between Portugal and the States-General, visited Copen-
hagen and the other Northern capitals for similar purposes
and with similar success, procured treaties to be made
with Russia, and between Sweden and Denmark, and by
the most indefatigable and judicious interposition pro-

* "Vir nobilis, nobis est multis ac munere fungatur, mittendum censut-

variis negotiis summi fide, probitate mus, mandatisque nostris amplissim^

ac solertid perspectus jam diu & cog- instruximus." ^
nitus. Euixi, ut apud vos Oratoris

GEORGE DOWNING. 23

moted the policy of his government in preserving the peace
of Europe. ... At the same time he was ever watchful
and unwearied in attending to the more immediate duties
of his station, protecting the property and vindicating the
rights of his countrymen.

**But the talent for which he was most distinguished
as a public minister and most valuable to his own gov-
ernment was his faculty of obtaining information of all
that was going on around him. ... It may be said, with
almost literal truth, that by his agents, correspondents,
servants, and spies, he was everywhere present. Not a
ship arrived or sailed from a port in Europe that he
did not communicate to Cromwell her name, destination,
owners, cargo, consignees, armament, and even the num-
ber and character of her crew. He watched the course of
Charles Stuart and the other members of the exiled family,
tracked their agents and adherents from court to court,
and kept a list of their correspondents on the Conti-
nent and in England." He "ascertained and reported
every journey Charles made, every interview he held with
his friends, and even the places where he lodged, and the
very rooms in which he slept from night to night."

When Charles once, during his residence at Brussels,
made a journey incognito to see Amsterdam and other
places. Downing sent a remonstrance to the States of
Holland, with a copy of the article of the treaty by
which they were not "to suffer any Traitor, Rebel or
any other Person, who was declared an enemy to the
CorHmonwealth of England^ to reside or stay in their Do-
minions"; and they were obliged to notify the Princess
Royal "that if her Brother were then with her or should
come to her. He should forthwith depart out of their
Province."

Several of the exiled royalists resided at the Hague and,
in their worship, continued the practice of praying for

34 CLASS OF 1642.

Charles. Downing maintained that "this way of praying,
with its dependances, made this place a meere nursery of
cavallierisme," and "obtayned an order of the counsel
of state" that it should be discontinued. Many persons
were exasperated. The Queen of Bohemia said she would
no more worship with them. Three "Englishmen, about
ten of the clock at night, with their haire tucked up under
white caps, stood privatly at a bridg" near his house,
evidently with the intention of assassinating him; but
Downing escaped, as they assaulted a Dutch gentleman
who came out, and fled as soon as they discovered their
mistake.

Broderick, calling Downing "as arrant a rascal as lives
amongst men," writes to Clarendon, 16 December, 1659,
that he " goes very shortly into Holland to reside with
his Wife, as he pretends for thrift, having many conven-
iences there, but in truth to be a Spy." Froni the Me-
moirs of Pepys, who was in Downing's oflice, at first as
a clerk, it appears that "he went over on the most im-
portant juncture, end of January, 1659-60, to wait for
events at the Hague." Having become convinced that an
effort would be made to put Charles into power, " He
bethought himself how Hee might have a Reserve of the
King's Favour." Thomas Howard, his brother-in-law,
who appears always to have adhered to the royal party,
in a letter to Charles, dated 5 April, 1660, states, that,
in accordance with Downing's repeated and urgent re-
quest, he had an interview with him on the preceding
day, and "that he wished the promoting your Majesty's
service, which he confessed he had endeavoured to ob-
struct, though he never had any malice to your Ma-
jesty's person or family; alledging to be engaged in a
contrary party by his- father, who was banished into New
England^ where he was brought up, and had sucked in
principles that since his reason had made him see were

GEORGE DOWNING. 35

erroneous. ... In short, he told me his desires were
to serve your Majesty, if you would be so graciously
pleased as to pardon his past faults and errors; and
that he did believe himself in many capacities able to
do your Majesty some service. He could not particu-
larise any great and notable service for the present, but
in the general he would from this time do all he could.
He believes he has a good interest in the army, and that
your Majesty can have no greater service done you than
the dividing the army's interest in their resolutions of
vehemently declaring against your Majesty in particular,
and in general against any government in a single person.
. . . He shewed me a letter he received that morning
(all in cypher which he had decyphered) from Thurloe\
which gave him an account of the intention of the army.
. . . He wished to see you a King that might oblige and
punish, and [said] that he would make no conditions for
himself; but desired to be looked upon according to the
merit of his services, and he would for the future hazard
his life and fortune for your Majesty. He told me, if
your Majesty were pleased to pardon him and accept his
service, he would immediately go for Englandy where he
would endeavour to make good his promise, and says, his
not being looked upon as interested in your Majesty's
service will make him more capable to prevail with the
soldiers and the officers of the army, who must first be
brought off from their vehement courses ; and then he
and his friends will endeavour to bring them to such
reasonable terms as your Majesty shall think fit."

Carte says, Howard informed Charles that Downing,
"lately come out of England^ would be glad to have a
private conference with any one whom his Majesty en-
tirely trusted, and wished it might be the Marquis of
Ormonde^ He obtained a private conference with the
Marquis, who was journeying incognito to the Hague,

^6 CLASS OF 1642.

and through him offered his services to the King, "if his
Devotion might be concealed, without which it would be
useless to his Majesty." As an earnest of his fidelity,
he communicated important intelligence, and said that by
the same channel through which he had obtained secret
information respecting the King, which he had sent to
Cromwell, he would obtain information for him now
that Cromwell was dead. The Marquis spoke favorably.
Downing said, "He knew the King's present Condition
too well to expect any Reward from him : But if his
Majesty would vouchsafe, when He should be restored,
to confirm to him the Office He then held of a Teller in
the Exchequer, and continue him in this Employment
He then had in Holland^ where He presumed He should
be able to do him more Service than a Stranger could
do. He would think himself abundantly rewarded." The
Marquis communicated this to Charles at Brussels, and
assured Downing "of the King's Acceptation, and that
all that He expected should be made good.

"This was the Ground and Reason, that when the
King came to the Hague the year following [in May]
to embark for England^ He received Downing so gra-
ciously, and knighted him,* and left him there as his
Resident; which They who were near the King, and
knew Nothing of what had passed, wondered at as much
as Strangers who had observed his former Behaviour.
And the States themselves, who would not at such a Time
of publick Joy do any Thing that might be ingrateful
to his Majesty, could not forbear to lament in private,
*that his Majesty would depute a Person to have his
Authority, who had never used any other Dialect to per-
suade them to do any Thing He proposed, but Threats
if They should not do it, and who at several Times had
disobliged most of their Persons by his Insolence.' "

* May 21, i66a

GEORGE DOWNING.

June 28, 1660, after Charles had arrived in England,
Pepys writes: "To Sir G. Downing, the first visit I
have made him since he come. He is so stingy* a
fellow I care not to see him ; I quite cleared myself of
his office, and did give him liberty to take any body in.
After all this to my Lord, who lay a-bed till eleven
o'clock, it being almost five before he went to bed, they
supped so late last night with the King."

Downing was elected burgess for Morpeth, in North-
umberland, to serve in the Parliament which convened
at Westminster, 8 May, 1661. In the intervals of Par-
liament he returned to his employments at the Hague.

July 15, 1 661, he wrote to Clarendon: "I did speak
to De Witt about having a dormant order to apprehend any
of the excepted persons. He made much difficulty therein ;
saying that it was not a thinge that was fitt to be done

» The trait here ascribed to Down-
ing clung to him through life. In
the CoUections of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, xxxix. 61, is a
long letter from his mother, dated
as late as 17 April, 1674, in which
she gives an account of her bodily
infirmities and straitened circum-
stances. Besides other details she
writes: "In respect your sister Pe-
ters is now forced for her present
profit to confine her selfe to a smale
part of her hous, and I am necessi-
tated by my weakenes to keep a
seniant to help me, I found it more
for my profet; since I must giue 7
pound a year for my chamber, and
furnish it myself, and find myself
cooles and candilles and wasing,
and to pay for our boards with her
besides, for now aUthought I may
feare the harder, yet I can take my
owne time, for want of which I for-
merlie sufferd, and now I am less

troublesom to her. But I am now
att ten pounde ayear for my cham-
ber and 3 pound for my seruants
wages, and haue to extend the other
tene poimd a year to acomadat for
our meat and drinck: and for my
clothing and all other nessesaries I
am much to seeke, and more your
brother Georg will not hear of for
me : and that it is onely couetous-
nes that maks me aske more. He
last sumer bought another town,
near Hatly, calld Clappum, cost
him 13 or 14 thousand pound, and
I really beleeue one of us 2 are in-
deed couetous. Cooles haue ben
this winter at fiftie shill and 3 pound
a chaldron, and wheat at ten shills
a bush, and all other things sutible
therunto. The good Lord help me
to liue by fayth, and not by sence,
whilst he pleas to afforde me a life
in this world."

38 CLASS OF 1642.

untlll the Treaty be concluded^ but yett in conclusion did
consent, but withall that it could not be done but by
order of the States of Holland^ which is true in regard that
there is noe treaty yett made. But I told him that, if
soe, that then it could not possibly be kept secret; and
thereupon I asked him what he thought, if / should cause
any of them to be apprehended without order ^ and putt them
into a ship^ and send them into England. He reply ed, that
he thought it was the surest way; that it might indeede
make a little stirre and busling; but when it was done
it could not be undone."

In March, 1662, he procured the arrest of John Okey,
Miles Corbet, and John Barkstead, three of the judges
who had condemned Charles the First. Barkstead and
Okey, being settled at Hanau, in Germany, had, on ap-
plication, been assured by the States-General that they
might reside a short time in Holland, unmolested; and
Okey, in whose regiment Downing had been chaplain,
and "who gave him his first bread in England," had
taken particular pains to inform Downing of his pur-
pose, and had obtained from him through a friend an
assurance "that he had no order from the king to appre-
hend or molest them, but that they might be as free and
safe there as himself" The night on which they arrived
at Delft, Downing, with a warrant from the States-Gen-
eral, had them apprehended, together with Corbet, who
had been making a friendly call and was just leaving them.
Through Downing*s "procurement" they were shackled
and fettered, and "cast into a nasty, moist, and dark dun-
geon" in the prison, with nothing **but the damp earth
to repose upon." There they were kept all night and till
two o'clock in the afternoon of the next day, when the au-
thorities, on conversing with them, were inclined to favor
them. But, through Downing's "extreme officiousness"
and "continued solicitations, accompanied (as is reported)

GEORGE DOWNING. 39

With strange menaces, these persons were soon after, . . .
by order from the States-General, at two of the clock in
the morning, taken out of prison, and being manacled
with wrist irons, chains, and locks, were thrust into a
vessel lying at Delft, and from thence conveyed into
one of the king of England's frigates, provided for the
purpose."

Pepys writes, 12 March, 1662 : '*This morning we had
news from Mr. Coventry, that Sir G. Downing, (like a
perfidious rogue, though the action is good and of ser-
vice to the King, yet he cannot with a good conscience
do it) hath taken Okey, Corbet, and Barkestead . . . and
sent them home in the Blackmore. Sir W. Pen, talking
to me this afternoon of what a strange thing it is for
Downing to do this, he told me of a speech he made
to the Lords States of Holland, telling them to their
faces that he observed that he was not received with the
respect and observance now, that he was when he came
from the traitor and rebell Cromwell: by whom, I am
sure, he hath got all he hath in the world, — and they
know it too." Under date of the 17th, mentioning the
arrival of the judges, Pepys adds: "The Captain tells
me, the Dutch were a good while before they could be
persuaded to let them go, they being taken prisoners in
their land. But Sir G. Downing would not be answered
so : though all the world takes notice of him for a most
ungrateful villaine for his pains."

The three were convicted of treason, and were hanged
and quartered 10 April, 1662, and their several quarters
brought back to Newgate to be boiled, — Okey's "macer-
ated body to be buried where his wife should think
meet," — a permission afterwards revoked because of the
hasty assembling of nearly twenty thousand persons to
attend the funeral.

There are reasons for supposing Downing to have been

40 CLASS OF 1642.

the author of the policy developed in the British Navi-
gation Act, which was initiated 9 October, 1651, and
advanced by another Act in 1660. This topic is treated
by Upham, in Hunt's Merchants* Magazine, iv. 407.
Downing regarded the enforcement of this Act to be the
"only means of curbing the progress and reducing the
power of Holland." As stated by Palfrey, it provided
that " no goods should be imported from Asia, Africa, or
America, but in English ships, . . . nor from any part of
Europe, except in such vessels as belonged to the people
of that country of which the goods were the growth or
manufacture; . . . that no goods of foreign growth or
manufacture should be imported but from the ports where
such goods could only be, or usually had been, first shipped
for transportation; . . . that no salt-fish, whale-fins, or
oil should be imported, but what were caught or made
by the people of England, nor any salt-fish imported, or
carried from one port to another in this nation, but in
English vessels."

This Act made England the great naval power of the
world, but it was ruinous to Holland, and would have
been so to New England, if it had not been resisted. By
its severe pressure upon the North American Colonies,
and its vexatious restrictions upon their trade, it kept
alive and nourished that spirit of discontent which finally
culminated in the American Revolution. But if all which
is claimed for it be granted, it consolidated England's
colonial possessions into one vast fountain of wealth to
the realm, and has been the occasion of extensively ad-
vancing knowledge, truth, freedom, and the triumphs of
humanity. Still, Downing is represented as having been
friendly to Massachusetts in the difficulties between the
New England Colonies and Charles.

July I, 1663, Downing was created a baronet by the
title of Sir George Downing of East Hatley, Cambridge-

GEORGE DOWNING. 4 1

shire, knight, where his estate was called the largest in
the county. On the same occasion his Majesty "gaue
him a thousand pounds as a token of his favour."

Meantime Downing and James, Duke of York, were
taking measures for the seizure of New Netherland,
now New York. In March, 1664, Charles the Second
granted Long Island and the adjoining country, then in
possession of the Dutch, to James Duke of York, who
disliked the Dutch as much as Downing did, had pecu-
niary and other interests to subserve, was Governor of the
Royal African Company, with which Dutch commerce
was interfering, and in time of profound peace had de-
spatched a fleet which committed aggressions against the
Dutch in Africa, "without any authority," as Lord Clar-
endon emphatically expresses it, ** and without any shadow
of justice." In the spring of 1664, ^^ continuation of
movements made by Charles in the preceding year, James
*^ borrowed two men of war of the King; in which he sent
Colonel Richard Nicholas, . . . with 300 men," to take
possession of New Netherland. May 6, 1664, Downing
wrote of an interview with De Witt, who was alarmed
at the report of this movement, and states that he told
De Witt he "knew of no such Country" as New Neth-
erland " but only in the Mapp, that indeed if their people
were to be believed all the world were New Netherland,
but that when that buisness shall be looked after, it will be
found that yf English had the first pattent & possession
of those parts."

July 8, the report of an approaching invasion reached
New Netherland, and measures were taken for defence.
The report was soon silenced by a "despatch from the
Chamber at Amsterdam, stating that no apprehension . . .
need be entertained." The consequence was a surprise,
and an absolute necessity of. yielding to a superior force.

O'Callaghan describes Downing as ^'keen, bold, subtle.

42 CLASS OF 1642.

active and observant, but imperious and unscrupulous,
naturally preferring menace to persuasion, reckless of the
means employed or the risk incurred in the pursuit of a
proposed object, disliking and distrusting the Dutch, and
forearmed with a fierce determination not to be foiled or
overreached." This estimate of him is confirmed by his
conduct in relation to New Netherland. November 4,
1664, he wrote, after an interview with De Witt: "As
to New Netherland, I replied, y* his Ma*^* did not looke
upon himselfe as obliged to give y° [the Dutch] any
account of what he did in relation thereunto, for y* he
did not looke upon them as att all interested therein ; no
more y° he should thinke himselfe obliged to lett them
know his mind, or to have their consent, in case he
should thinke fitt to proceed ag* any Dutch y* live in
y* Fenns in England, or in- any other part of his domin-
ions, of which he always understood y* land they call
New Netherland to be a part."

Were it not for the great principle that truth and right
always bear the best fruits, it would seem as if Downing's
conduct, in this seizure of New Netherland, led to incal-
culable good. If New York had been under the Dutch
government at the time of the American Revolution,
probably there could not have been a union and co-
operation of the British possessions on the north and
south of it; there would not have been any important
attempt at revolution, or, if there had been, it would
have failed; and the oppressed everywhere would have
continued without the encouragement for relief with
which they have been inspired by the example and suc-
cess of the republic of the United States.

July 12, 1666, Evelyn makes the record: "We sat
y* first time in y* Star Chamber. There was now added
to our Commission Sir Geo. Downing (one that had ben
a great . . . against his Ma^ but now insinuated into his

GEORGE DOWNING. 43

favour, and from a pedagogue and fanatic preacher not
worth a groate had become excessive rich) to inspect the
hospitals and treate about prisons."

May 27, 1667, Pepys writes: "The new Commissioners
of the Treasury have chosen Sir G. Downing for their
Secretary:* and I think in my conscience that they have
done a great thing in it; for he is active and a man of
business, and values himself upon having of things do
well under his hand; so that I am mightily pleased in
their choice."

Downing labored industriously to increase the revenue
and enlarge the resources of the country. Pepys, 8 Sep-
tember, 1667, remarks, incidentally: "Sir George Down-
ing told he had been seven years finding out a man that
could dress English sheep-skin as it should be; and in-
deed it is now as good in all respects as kidd ; and, he
says, will save ioo,ocx)l. a-year that goes out to France
for kidds'-skins."

He originated, and, notwithstanding very violent oppo-
sition, particularly by the Earl of Clarendon, succeeded
in procuring the passage of the Act of 17 Charles II.,
**To make all the Money that was to be raised by this
Bill to be applied only to those Ends to which it was
given, which was the carrying on of the War, and to no
other purpose whatsoever, or by what authority soever."
This innovation was particularly necessary at the time for
the navy and the coast defence ; and the public service was
suffering because of the appropriation of money to the
purposes and pleasures of the court. It was the origin
of the laying of estimates before the House of Com-
mons. The practice has been adopted extensively in

* ^Downing Street, Whitehall, was commission (May, 1667} on Lord

so called after Sir George Downing, Southampton's death." — P. Cun-

Secretary to the Treasury, when the ningham, Hand-Book of London,

office of Lord Treasurer was put in Past and Present

44 CLASS OF 1642.

Other countries besides Great Britain, and in the admin-
istration of government is of incalculable importance.

December 27, 1668, Pepys states that Downing dis-
coursed with him about having given, when in Holland^
advice to his Majesty for prosecuting the Dutch war,
but that the king hearkened to other counsellors and thus
subjected the nation to loss. "He told me that he had
so good spies, that he hath had the keys taken out of"
De Witt*s pocket when he was a-bed, and his closet
opened and papers brought to him and left in his hands
for an hour, and carried back and laid in the place again,
and keys put into his pocket again. He says he hath
always had their most private debates, that have been
but between two or three of the chief of them, brought
to him in an hour after, and an hour after that hath sent
word thereof to the King, but nobody here regarded
them."

In 1 67 1 Downing went to Holland, to take the place
of Sir William Temple. A letter from London, dated
4 March, 167 1-2, states, that he "was sent to make up
the quarrel with the Dutch, but coming home in too great
haste and fear, is now in the prison where his master
[meaning Okey] lay that he betrayed." Another state-
ment from England in 1671 is in these words: "Sir
George Downing is in the Tower, it is said because he
returned from Holland, where he was sent ambassador,
before his time : As it is reported, he had no small abuse
offered him there. They printed the sermons he preached
in Oliver's time and drew three pictures of him. i. Preach-
ing in a tub, over it was wrote. This I was. 2. A treach-
erous courtier, over it. This I am. 3. Hanging on a gibbet,
and over it. This I shall be^ According to Lingard, he
" was a bold, rapacious, and unprincipled man, who under
Cromwell had extorted by menaces considerable sums, in
the form of presents, from the Dutch merchants," and was

GEORGE DOWNING. 45

SO "hateful in Holland that he fled back to England to
escape the vengeance of the mob." The wife of GofFe,
the regicide, wrote to her husband in New England: "Sir
G. Downing was put in the tower because he came out
of Holland without the king's order/'

He must have been released from imprisonment, and
soon restored to royal favor, for within a year he pub-
lished a discourse, "Vindicating his Royal Master from
the Insolencies of a Scandalous Libels

Downing was one of the three Commissioners of the
Customs in London, who, under date of 9 July, 1678,
prepared the rigid instructions for "Edward Randolph,
Collector, Surveyor, and Searcher, of his Majestie's Cus-
toms in New England." They are printed in the twenty-
seventh volume of the Collections of the Massachusetts
Historical Society.

Bishop Burnet asserts that he was "a crafty fawning
man, who was ready to turn to every side that was upper-
most, and to betray those who by their former friendship
and services thought they might depend on him." In
the Life of Clarendon he is spoken of as "a Man of an
obscure Birth, and more obscure Education, which He
had received in Part in Nttv Englandy^ "of a restless
Brain," "a very voluminous Speaker," "a Man of a
proud and insolent Spirit, and who would add to any
imperious Command of his [Cromwell's] somewhat of
the Bitterness of his own Spirit." But Clarendon was
his enemy.

Wood, mistaking the parentage of Downing, says, Cali-
bute Downing "was father to a son of his own temper
named George, a sider with all times and changes, well
skill'd in the common cant, and a preacher sometimes to
boot, a man of note in Oliver's days," etc.

Marvell, in "A Seasonable Argument," etc., published
in 1677, writes as follows: "Northumberland. Morpeth.

46 CLASS OF 1642.

Sir George Downing, a poor child, bred upon charity;
like Judas, betrayed his master. What then can his
country expect? He drew and advised the oath of re-
nouncing the king's family, and took it first himselfl
For his honesty, fidelity, &c. rewarded by his Majesty
with 80.000I. at least, and is a commissioner of cus-
toms, the house bell, to call the courtiers to vote at six
o'clock at night, an Exchequer teller."

Hutchinson says: "His character runs low with the
best historians in England ; it was much lower with his
countrymen in New England; and it became a proverbial
expression, to say of a false man who betrayed his trust,
he was an arrant George Downing."

John Adams writes: "To borrow the language of the
great Dr. Johnson, this *dog* Downing must have had
a head and brains, or, in other words, genius and address ;
but, if we may believe history, he was a scoundrel."

Such appears to be the estimation in which Downing
is generally held. Still, when we consider how liable a
man's political motives and acts are to be misunderstood,
some allowance, perhaps, may be made for the bitterness
with which he was commonly assailed by contemporaries,
in a time of political turbulence, revolution, and intense
party feeling.

He died in 1684, the year in which the charter of
Massachusetts was abrogated.

Downing's progress to power was greatly advanced by
his matrimonial union with the "blood of all the How-
ards." To cite the Life of Clarendon, he "had passed
through many Offices in CromweWs Army, of Chaplain,
Scoutmaster, and other Employments, and at last got a
very particular Credit and Confidence with him, and
under that Countenance married a beautiful Lady of a
very noble Extraction, which was the Fate of many bold
Men in that presumptuous Time." The "beautiful

GEORGE DOWNING. 47

Lady" was Frances Howard, a descendant from that
fourth Duke of Norfolk who was beheaded by Queen
Elizabeth for tenderness to Mary Queen of Scots. Of
only three peers created by Cromwell, her brother, Charles
Howard, was the first, with the title of Viscount Mor-
peth; and ao April, 1661, after the Restoration, he was
made first Earl of Carlisle, a title "now enjoyed by his
lineal heirs." The marriage took place with great splen-
dor in 1654, at the magnificent seat of the Earl. Wood
cites Kennet, that "In the Inauguratio Olivariana Carmen
votivum autore Fitz-Pagano FisherOy 1654, 4to, is an epi-
thalamium *In nuptias viri vere honoratifsimi Georgii
Downingi campo-exploratoris generalissimi &c. et vere
nobilissimae Franciscae Howardi equitis aurati et sororis
illustrifeimi Caroli Howardi de Naworth in com. Cum-
bnei, &c.'" She died 10 July, 1683.

Their eldest son, George, was teller in the Exchequer
in 1680. He was married to Catharine, eldest daughter
of James, Earl of Salisbury, of the House of Cecil.
Their son, "The Worshipful & Honorable S' George
Downing, Baronet, Knight of the Bath, and Justice of
the* Peace for y* County of Cambridge," was member of
Parliament in 17 10, 17 13, 1727, and, according to the
London Magazine, a member "for Dunwich in Suffolk'*
in 1749. He was married early in life to Miss Forester,
daughter of Sir William Forester, knight, of Watling
Street in Shropshire; but he "never cohabited with his
wife; & for the latter Part of his Life led a most mis-
erable covetous & sordid Life." "He died at his fine
seat at Gamlingay, June 9, Friday, 1749, where he had
been confined with the Gout for a long Time, leaving
only one natural Daughter, to whom he left about
20.000 pounds, and the mother of her 200 pounds per
ann. His great Estate, the largest of any Gentleman or
Nobleman in this county," he bequeathed successively

48 CLASS OF 1642.

to his first cousins, Jacob Garrard Downing and Serjeant
Barnardiston, and, if they died without lawful issue, **for
the erecting and building a College" at Cambridge.
After a half-century's opposition and litigation, "the
great seal was affixed to the charter," 22 September,
1 800 ; and the magnificent Downing College was erected,
with funds said to amount to one hundred and fifty
thousand pounds.

Savage says : " I can imagine the delight of an enthu-
siast of such severe temper, as Hugh Peters, at this
termination of the male lineal descendant of the first Sir
George, which he might naturally regard as the retribu-
tive justice of one 'visiting the iniquity of the fathers
upon the children unto the third and fourth generation
of them that hate me/ "

William, Prince of Orange, afterward King of England,
was godfather to the first Sir George's second son, Wil-
liam. Another son, Charles, was a teller in the Ex-
chequer in 1700.

The graduate's sister, Mary, was married to Anthony
Stoddard, of Boston, linen-draper, from whom, thus
uniting the blood of the Winthrops and the Downihgs,
have descended some of the ablest men and women whom
the country has produced.

Ann, another sister of Sir George, was married to the
intrepid Captain Gardner, who was killed at the Narra-
gansett swamp fight, 19 December, 1676. Afterwards
she became the second wife of Governor Simon Bradstreet.

WORKS.

1. Propositie uyt den Naem de Protector van Engelandt aen
de Staten General. Amst. 1658. 4to.

2. Naerderc Aenspraccke aen *t Vcrcnichde Nederlant gedaen
by den Heer Douwningh, Resident van S. H. Mylord Protector,
Anno 1658. pp. 8. In Dutch and English.

GEORGE DOWNING. 49

3. Propositic vande Heere Downing, Extr, Afgesante vandc
Republyck van Engelandt. Gedaen aende . . . Staten Generael
. . . den 24 Febr. 1660. — 1660. 4to. pp. 6.

4. Memoire prescnte par le S. George Downing Envoye Extr.
d'Angleterre, a Mess, les Estats Generaux . . . le 17 Avril 1660.
— 1660. 4to. pp. 12.

5. Memoriael vande Heere G. Downing • . . Gepres. aen de
. . . Staten Generael . . . Den 17 April 1660. pp. 10.

6. Aenspraeck gedaen in de Vergaderingh van de Staten Gene-
ral van de Vereenighde Nederlanden den 18 Junii 1661. 4to.

7. Twee Memorien van de Heere Downing Extraord. Afge-
sante van Engelandt. Overgeg. aen de Heeren Staten Generael
den 3 ende 8. Aug. 1661. — 1661. 4to. pp. 8. In Dutch and
French.

8. Pretentien tegens d' Oost-Indische Comp., gedaen door
ende van wegens Willem Courten Zal: ende andere Geinteress-
eerde, over schade geleden in Oost-Indien. Mitsg. Missive van
s. Maj. van Groot Brittagnien aen . . . de Heeren Staten Gene-
rael (In French, 21 March] ende Memoriael aen hun overgelevert
door Sir G. Downing [in Eng., 19 Apr.] . . . 1662. pp. 12.

9. Memorie van de Ridder G. Downing Extr. Afgesante van
z. Maj. van Groot Brittannien. Overgel. aen de • . . Staten Gene-
rael • . . den 3/13 Mey 1662. pp. 8. In Dutch and French.

10. Over vijandelijkheden tegen de Engelschen op de kust van
Guinea.

Tliis relates to the hostilities against the English on the coast
of Guinea.

11. Replicatie van de Ridder G. Downing . • . Overgeg. den
13 Julij, 1662. Op de Antwoorde van de Staten Generael • . •
op syne Memorien aeng. het Schip Carel. pp. 8.

12. Advys ende Antwort van . . . (de) Staten Generael . . .
op het sentiment ende verklaring' van de Heer Downing . . . on-
trent de twee Schepen Bon* Avontura, en Bon* Esperance [4 Junij].
Gebouden in 's Grav., kort voor • • . Downing . . • syn vertreck
nae Londen, den 10 Junij 1664. Leyden, 1664. pp. 16.

13. Memorie van Sir George Downing . . . overgeg. aen de • . •
Sucen Generael . . . den 11/21 Aug. 1664. — Memorie. pp. 24.
In Dutch and French.

14. Vertoogh, van den Heer G. Downing, • • • aen de • • •

50 CLASS OF 1642.

Staten Generael den 5 Dec. 1664 n. St. gedaen. — Memoire ou
Declaration, pp. 8. In Dutch and French.

15. Memoire du Chev. George Downing . . . delivre a Mess,
les Estats Generaux . . . le 30 Dec. 1664. pp. 12.

16. Memorie . . . over geg. aen de Heeren Staten Generael der
Vereenichde Nederl. den 20 [j/V] Dec. 1664. 4to. pp. 12.

17. Memorie . . . den 30 Dec. 1664. pp. 12.

18. Memorie . . . Vereenighde Nederl., den 30 Dec. 1664.
pp. 12.

20. Translaet van de Replique van de Heere Ridder George
Downing . . . op de Aenteykeningen van haare Ho: Mo: Gede-
puteerden 1665. 410.

all by Their Lordships to j the said Memorial. | | Where-

unto is added a Relation of some | Former and later Proceedings of
the I Hollanders: By a Meaner Hand. || London, 1672. i2mo.

PP- 3^ i39> (0> (S)- ^^ ^> P-

The three pages of verses at the end are entitled '' Neptune's

welcome to his Royal | Highness James Duke of | York, upon his

first appearance | at Sea, to Fight the Hollan- | der.'' Downing's

signature to the "Discourse" is ** Given at the Hague this 16 of

September, 1664." The first edition was printed in 1664 in 410,

and a later one in 8vo in 1692.

22. Besides these publications there are many others, which
are printed in J. R. Brodhead's Documents relating to the Colonial
History of New York, Vol. H. j in the Letters, Life, and Corre-
spondence of Clarendon j in J. Thurloe*s State Papers j &c. There
are also manuscript Downing papers in the Dawson Turner Collec-

GEORGE DOWNING.

tion at Great Yarmouth, England ; and among the Winthrop pa-
pers in the possession of Robert Charles Winthrop, of Boston,
Massachusetts, are others, which, in advance of their publication
by the Massachusetts Historical Society, I have been permitted,
through his courtesy, to use freely in preparing this article.

Authorities. -— J. Adams, Works,
X. 329. J. R. Brodhead, Documents
relative to the Colonial History of
the State of New York, iL 255 - 335,
365, 379» 415 ; iii- 245. G. Burnet,
History of my own Time, L 198.
Burke, Extinct and Dormant Baro-
netcies. Cambridge University Cal-
endar. T. Carte, Letters, ii. 319;
and Life of Ormonde, il 197. Life
of Qarendon, ed. 1759, Continuation,
222-226, 313; and State Papers, iii.
63a J. S. Clarke, Life of James
the Second, i. 400. J. P. Dabney,
in New England Historical and Ge-
nealogical Register, v. 47. G. Dyer,
History of the University and Col-
leges of Cambridge, ii. 440. J. Eve-
lyn, Memoirs, ed. 1819, L 389. J.
Farmer, Genealogical Register, 86;
and Memorials of the Graduates
of Harvard University, 7; Collec-
tions of the New Hampshire His-
torical Society, iv. 43. J. B. Felt,
Ecclesiastical History of New Eng-
land, L 541. Gentleman's Magazine,
IxxL 197. Harvard College Corpora-
tion Records, i. i. T. Hutchinson,
History of the Colony of Massachu-
setts Bay, i. III. W. Kennet, His-
torical Register, ed. 1745, 662-665.
J. Lc Keux, T. Wright, and H. L.
Jones, Memorials of Cambridge, ii.
106- 112. J. Lingard, History of
England, ed. 1829, xii. 115, 241.
T. H. Lister, Life and Administra-
tion of Clarendon, ed. 1842, ii. 258,
261; iiL 134, 155. 320, 347, 350^
&c London Magazine, xviii. 288.

A. Marvell, Works, ii. 571. Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, Collec-
tions, vi. 240; xvii. 29 ; xxi. 61 ; xxvii.
129, 138; xxviii. 277; xxxvi. 536;
xxxix. 14, 19, 23, 34, 41, 45, 52, 56,
59, 60, 62 ; and Proceedings, 1858,
October, 128; 1868, December, 389.
J. Milton, Opera, ed. 1698, 223 ; and
Works, ed. 1698, 689-695, 723. E.

B. O'Callaghan, History of New
Netherland, ii. 515, &c. J. G. Pal-
frey, History of New England, i. 586 ;
ii. 282, 431; iii. 5.. Parliamentary
History, xix. 411, 465. B. Peirce,
History of Harvard University, Ap-
pendix, 61. T. Pepys, Memoirs.
J. Quincyj History of Harvard Uni-
versity, i. 268-270, 509. J. Savage,
Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 66.
State Trials, ed. 1778, viii. Appen-
dix, 370-379 ; and ed. 18 16, v. 1302-
1335. Sir W. Temple, Works, ed.
1770^ i. 307. J. Thurloe, State Pa-
pers, iii. 696, 734; v. 323, 367; vi.
748, 753, etc. ; vii. 121, 246, 272, etc.

C. W. Upham, Salem Witchcraft, i.
47-49 ; and Hunt's Merchants* Mag-
azine, iv. 407 ; and Manuscript Lec-
ture on Sir George Downing. P.
Vaughan, Protectorate of Oliver
Cromwell, ed. 1839, i. 227, 255, 260,
266 ; ii. 299, 434. B. Whitelocke,
Memorials, ed. 1732, 681, 689, 693.
J. Winthrop, History of New Eng-
land, or Journal, ii. 240, 243. R. C.
Winthrop, Life and Letters of John
Winthrop, L 50, 186. A. k Wood,
Athenas Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, iii. 108 ;
Fasti, ii. 135.

52 CLASS OF 164:2.

JOHN BULKLEY.

Bom 161 9, died 1689, aged about 7a

Rev. John Bulkley, M. A., appears to have been the
first in the list of graduates who took the degree of
Master of Arts at Harvard College. He was son of the
Reverend Peter Bulkley, of Odell, in the hundred of
Willey, in Bedfordshire, England, and afterward of Con-
cord, Massachusetts, by his first wife Jane, who was
daughter of Thomas Allen, of Goldington. He was
baptized 19 October, 16 19. In 1635 ^^ came to New
England with his father in the Susan and Ellen. In
1642 he was made freeman. He was chaplain of the
party sent in 1643 ^^ arrest Samuel Gorton in Rhode
Island and bring him to Massachusetts. December 27,
1643, ^^ ^^^ ^^s classmate, George Downing, received
similar appointments as teachers in the College, as stated
on page 30. He went to England probably about the
same time with Downing. He was settled in the min-
istry at Fordham, in the county of Essex; and styles
himself an *' hireling of the church at Fordham," in the
parish register of which are recorded with his own hand
the baptisms of a son and a daughter. There he con-
tinued till his ejectment by the Act of Uniformity, 24
August, 1662. He then "retir'd to Wapping in the Sub-
urbs of London^ where he liv'd several Years, practising
Physick with good Success; administring natural and
spiritual Physick together. He was a learned and emi-
nently Pious Man. His whole Life was a continual
Sermon. Tho' he was not often in the Pulpit, yet he
might truly be said to Preach every Day in the Week:
And seldom did he visit his Patients, without reading a
Lecture of Divinity to them, and praying with them."

" That which gave a Lustre to all his other Vertues,

JOHN BULKLEY. 53

was his great Humility, the constant Sweetness of his
Temper, Integrity of his Mind, and Charitableness of
his Nature, which appear*d in every part of his Life."

He "died at St. Katherine'Sy near the Tower j* 24 May,
**i689; in the seventieth Year of his Age, and then fin-
ished his Course with unusual Tranquility, and Resigna-
tion of Mind. Mr. James of Nightingale-laney preach'd
and afterwards printed his Funeral Sermon, on Prov.
xiv. 32."

By deed dated 20 December, 1645, Bulkley gave to
Harvard College his portion of a "Garden conteyning
about one Acre & one Rood of land scittuate & neer
adjoyning to the CoUedge & ordered the same to be for
the use of the fFellows that should from time to time
belong to & be resident at the said Society, the s^ Gar-
den being now commonly called & known by the name
of the flfeUows Orchard.'* ' The boundary extended from
what was then called Braintree Street, now Harvard Street,
northerly on a line with the west side of the present site
of Gore Hall nearly to the northern end of that build-

' ^Extractum Doni Pomarii Soci- eodem vit& defunctus fuerit, tiim

onim per Johannem Bulkleium. velim, ut Collegium tanquam Xcirr&y

" DecembT 2a 1645. Tenue, ab alumno maxim^ benevolo

"Noverint universi per presentes, sibi in perpetuum appropriaret.
Quod Egomet Johannes Bulkleius, " Haec Ego, propria manu
nuper studens CoUegii Harvardini, "Johannes Bulkleius."
dono Henricum Dunsterum dicti Matthew Day, Steward of the Col-
Collegii Presidem, ut potc eidem ob lege, who was the other owner, gave
plurima atq; ampla accepta bene- "with all" his "heart all that part"
ficia devinctissimus, mea parte lUius he had " in the Garden unto the fel-
Jugeris, quod Ipse ciim Domino lowes of Harvard CoUedge forever,"
Downingo, Samuele Winthropo & by nuncupative will, 10 May, 1649.
Johanne Alcoke emimus k Patre- After President Dunster's resigna-
familias Marrit; viz. Quarti parte tion, the Corporation gave the in-
pomarii dudum a nobis plantati, & come to the Tutors, who received it
dimidium reliqui manentis adhuc for many years, and hence the lot
agrestis : ut dum hie Praeses vixerit obtained the name of Tutors' Pas-
pro Sui vendicet, ordinetq ; Sin ali- ture or Fellows' Orchard. — Harvard
quando Praesidium exuerit aut in College Corp. Records, iii. 32, 37.

54 CLASS OF 1642. /

ing, thence easterly through it 91 feet, whence it took a
southerly direction 398 feet 6 inches to the street, the
front being wider than the rear of the lot/ Since that
time the College yard has been considerably encroached
upon. Several feet were taken from it in the year i860
to widen Harvard Street.

Authorities. — E.Calamy, Eject- Felt, Ecclesiastical History of New
ed and Silenced Ministers, ii. 311; England, i. 474, 510, 541. Harvard
and Continuation, 487. T. W. College Corporation Records, iiL 32,
Davids, Annals of Evangelical Non- 37. Massachusetts Historical Soci-
conformity in the County of Essex, ety. Proceedings, 1 861, February, 155.
399, 400. J. Farmer, Genealogical S. Palmer, Nonconformist's Memo-
Register, 47 ; and Memorials, 13 ; rial, i. 505. J. Quincy, History of
Collections of the New Hampshire Harvard University, i. 505, 510. J.
Historical Society, iv. 50; American Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, i.
Quarterly Register, viii. 130. J. B. 290, 291.

WILLIAM HUBBARD.

Bom about 1621, died 1704, aged 83.

Rev. William Hubbard, M. A., oldest son of Wil-
liam Hubbard, of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and afterward
of Boston, came from London in 1635, ^^^^ ^^^ father,
whose wife, Judith, was brought up under the preaching
of John Norton at Ipswich, England. For fourteen
years after graduation very little is known of him. July
4, 1656, he was desired to preach in Ipswich. There
he was ordained, 17 November, 1658, as colleague with
Thomas Cobbett.

Ipswich was settled "by men of good rank and quality,
many of them having the yearly revenue of large lands
in England, before they came to this wilderness." It

' Map, from materials furnished Eliot's Sketch of the History of Har-
by Thaddeus William Harris, in S. A. vard College.

WILLIAM HUBBARD. 55

had a large proportion of intellectual people, and was a
very desirable situation for a clergyman. As Cobbett
was in the vigor of life, and continued to perform min-
isterial duty till old age, Hubbard had time for his-
torical studies.

In 1677 he published a Narrative of the Troubles
with the Indians. Some criticisms on it by a contempo-
rary, John Cotton, H.U. 1657, may be found in the
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
xxxviii. 232-235, 239.

His History of New England was probably finished
in 1680, though it appears from the heading of the
seventy-fifth chapter that additions to it may have been
made as late as 1682. It contains but few facts after
the year 1650. At the session of the General Court of
Massachusetts, 11 June, 1680, it was ordered "that our
honored Gounor [Simon Bradstreet] & W° Stoughton,
Esquire, Capt. Daniel Fisher, Lieu^ W" Johnson, & Capt.
W" Torrey be a comittee to pervse the same, & make
returne of their opinion thereof to the next session, that
the Court may then, as they shall then judge meete, take
order for the impression thereof*' The chirography was
bad, and this may be the reason that nothing more is
known of it till the Legislature, 11 October, 1682, more
than two years afterward, passed the following vote: —
"Whereas it hath binn thought necessary, & a duty
incumbent vpon vs, to take due notice of all occur-
rances @ passages of Gods providence towards the people
of this jurisdiction since their first arrivall in these parts,
which may remajne to posterity, and that the Reuerend
M' Willjam Hubbard hath taken paynes to compile a
history of this nature, w"* the Court doeth with thanke-
fuUnes acknowledge; and, as a manifestacon thereof, doe
hereby order the Treasurer to pay vnto him the some
of fiuety pounds in money, he transcribing it fairely into

^6 CLASS OF 1642.

a booke, that it may be the more easily pervsed, in order
to the satisfaction of this Court." March 30, 1683, it
was ordered that the "Treasurer pay him or his order
halfe of the sajd suine as soone as money comes into
his hands."

The manuscript, of more than three hundred pages,
in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society,
is not in the author's handwriting, but it contains his
corrections, and was probably made for the purpose of
securing the grant. The "precious relick was among
the rich contributions, furnished [to the Society] by Rev.
Dr. John Eliot. ... It is believed to have been res-
cued by his excellent father from the fury of the mob, in
the depredations on the house, furniture and library of
Governor Hutchinson." It was given to the Society
as early as 1791. "On application," the Legislature
encouraged its "publication, by a very liberal subscrip-
tion, for the use of the Commonwealth," and it was issued
in 1 8 15, under the editorial care of Abiel Holmes and
Joseph McKean, as the fifteenth and sixteenth volumes
of the Society's Collections. The manuscript was not
entire, and Professor McKean endeavored to obtain from
the Oliver family in England another copy, which was
made by Peter Oliver, H. U. 1730, or a transcript of
the few pages which were wanted to complete the work ;
but his efforts were unsuccessful. The correspondence,
including a very discourteous letter from Peter Oliver, of
Shrewsbury, is printed in the Collections of the Society,
xiii. 288. In 1848 a second edition was published, under
the supervision of William Thaddeus Harris, H.U.
1846, who made a critical collation of the printed text
with the manuscript belonging to the Historical Society,
and added notes evincing much labor and research.

For more than a century this History was regarded
as an original authority, and was the source of nearly

WILLIAM HUBBARD. 57

all the historical information relating to New England
during the first sixty years after its settlement. Thomas
Prince, H. U. 1707, who made use of the manuscript,
considered it a valuable work, and Hutchinson says,
"The former part of it [before 1650] has been of great
use to me: It was so to Dr. Mather in his history, of
which Mr. Neale*s is little more than an abridgement.'*
Since the publication of Winthrop*s History there has
been a disposition to look upon the author as a plagia-
rist. Though he freely used the statements and even the
language of others, particularly of Winthrop, as stated in
Savage's note in Winthrop, i. 297, it is proper to notice
what Hubbard says in his Preface, of which a copy, found
among the Belknap papers since the publication of Har-
ris's edition, is printed in the Society's Proceedings, 1858,
March, page 321. In this he speaks of himself as a
"compiler," and states that he "was carried into the
country of New England about forty-eight years since,
all which time he hath spent in that part of the world,
save two or three years, when he was absent in his na-
tive country ; and, being of years able to observe -many
passages of Providence when he was first transported
thither, it is probably to be supposed he could not be
ignorant of the most important af&irs that were trans-
acted during the whole time of his abode here. And,
for other things, he hath not wanted the best advantages
to be acquainted with all such matters as may be thought
were worthy to be communicated to posterity, either by
the original manuscripts of such as had the managing of
those aflfairs under their hands, or were related by the
persons themselves concerned in them, being upon the
place at the time when such things were transacted, and
so were eyewitnesses thereof."

Hubbard was "one of the seventeen ministers who
bore testimony against the old church in Boston, when

5$ CLASS OF 1642.

they settled Mr. Davenport," and one of the fifteen
who, 31 May, 1671, protested to the General Court
against the censure which that body had passed on them
in 1670, for innovation and apostasy when they were
members of the ecclesiastical council which formed the
Old South Church. This censure caused great excite-
ment throughout the Colony, and but few of the dele-
gates who voted for it were re-elected. Probably there
was no town in which the opposition was greater than
in Ipswich, where "Hubbard's influence had consider-
able eflfect upon their proceedings."

The eccentric John Dunton, who visited Hubbard in
1686, says: ^^The benefit of Nature^ and the Fatigue of
Studj/y have equally cqntibuted to his Eminence, neither are
we less obligd to both than himself for he freely communicates
of his Learning to all who have the happiness to share in his
converse. — In a word, hes learned without Ostentation ofid
Vanity y and gives all his Productions such a delicate Tuxn and
Grace {as is seen in his Printed Sermons and HISTORY
OF THE INDIAN VJ KRS) that the Fe/itures and
Lineaments of the Child, make a clear Discovery and Distinc-
tion of the Father; yet is he a Man of singular MOD-
ESTY, of strict MORALS, and has done as much
for the Conversion of the INDIANS, as most Men in
New England''

Eliot says Hubbard presided at the Commencement in
1684, "after the death of President Rogers." This is
not strictly correct, as Rogers's death did not occur till
the day after Commencement. At a meeting of the
Overseers on Commencement Day, i July, 1684, on
account of the President's "sudden visitation by sick-
ness," Hubbard was "nominated, appointed, & ordered
... to manage" the Commencement, and "to admit to,
& confer upon the Persons concern'd their Degrees be-
longing to them respectively." In 1688, President Ma-

WILLIAM HUBBARD. 59

ther being in Europe, he was appointed by Andros to
preside again. He made the customary oration. Sewall
writes: "Wednesday July 4. Coihenc* managed wholly
by Mr W° Hubbard, compard Sir William [Phips] in
his oration to Jason fetching y® Golden Fleece* — 11
Masters proceeded, no Bachelours."

To cite Eliot again, Hubbard "certainly was for many
years the most eminent minister in the county of Essex;
equal to any in the province for learning and candour,
and superiour to all his contemporaries as a writer." "In
all his histories Mr. Hubbard appears a steady friend
to the constitution of the churches. He expressed in-
dignant feelings at the erection of the church in Brattle-
street, upon a more liberal plan than our fathers were
willing to adopt.

"There is nothing of this said in his ms. history, . . .
but he speaks pointedly in his private letters to several
gentlemen, and in the last thing he published," — his Tes-
timony, etc., which he wrote jointly with Higginson.

Hutchinson says, he was a "man of learning, of a
candid and benevolent mind, accompanied, as it generally
is, with a good degree of Catholicism; which, I think,
was not accounted the most valuable part of his charac-
ter in the age in which he lived."

Cobbett, his venerable colleague, died in November,
1685. John Denison, H. U. 1684, was employed in
April, 1686, to assist Hubbard, but his services were
terminated by death, 14 September, 1689. Subsequently
John Rogers, H. U. 1684, nephew of his wife, and son of
President Rogers, H. U. 1649, was settled as his colleague.

Hubbard's first wife was Margaret, only daughter of
the Reverend Nathaniel Rogers. In 1694, being then
in his seventy-third year, he gave dissatisfaction to his

' Phips had been knighted for dis- the wealth of a' sunken Spanish gal-
covering and taking possession of leon.

6o CLASS OF 1642.

people by marrying Mary, widow of Samuel Pearce;
"for though she was a serious, worthy woman, she was
rather in the lower scenes of life, and not sufficiently
fitted, as they thought, for the station."

In 1703 he relinquished his salary, and the Society
voted him sixty pounds as a gratuity.

Thursday, 14 September, 1704, he "goes to y* Lec-
ture, after to Col. Apletons, goes home, sups, & dyes
that night.'* The sum of thirty-two pounds was voted
to pay the funeral expenses. According to the Ipswich
records, 17 October, 1704, the town appropriated for
this purpose the twenty pounds for which the old meet-
ing-house was sold.

WORKS.

1. The Happiness of a People | In the Wisdome of their
Rulers | Directing | And in the Obedience of their Brethren |
Attending | Unto what Israel ougho to do : | Recommended in
a I Sermon | Before the Honourable Governour and Council, and |
the Respected Deputies of the Mattachusets Colony | in New-
England. I Preached at Boston, May 3d. 1676. being the day of |
Election there. || Boston. Printed by John Foster. 1676. 4to.
PP- (v), (i), 63. H, M.

% Eliot says this sermon ^^ is among the very good ones published
during that century."

2. A I Narrative | of the Troubles with the | Indians | In New-
England, from the first planting thereof in the | year 1607. to this
present year 1677. But chiefly of the late | Troubles in the two
last years, 1675. and 1676. | To which is added a Discourse about
the Warre with the | Pequods | In the year 1637. || Boston ;
Printed by John Foster, in the year 1677. 4to.

On the page which precedes the title is the license for its pub-
lication, dated at "Boston, March 29. 1677.", signed by Simon
Bradstreet, Daniel Denison, and Joseph Dudley, who commend
it. The reverse of the title-page is blank. This is followed by
•* An Advertisement to the Reader," in two pages, and the Epistle
Dedicatory '* to the Honourable John Leveret, Esq ; " and others,
in four pages, dated "From my Study i6th. 12th. 1676." The

WILLIAM HUBBARD. 6 1

next three pages contain thirty-four lines "To the Reverend Mr.
William Hubbard on his most exact History of New-Englands
Troubles," signed '* J. S.," probably Jeremiah Shepard, a graduate
in 1669 ; and thirty-eight lines '* Upon The elaborate Survey of
New-Englands Passions from the Natives, By the impartial Pen of
that worthy Divine Mr. William Hubbard," signed " Gratitudinis
erg6 apposuit B. T.," probably Benjamin Tompson, a graduate
in 1662. On the next page comes "The Printer to the Reader,"
giving Errata. Then we have the main work, the " Narrative,"
in 132 pages, followed by '* A Table shewing the Towns and
places which are inhabited by the English in New England : " etc.
pages (1-7), and "A Postscript," pages [6]- 12. To these are
added eighty-eight pages, which may be considered as the Second
Part of the work, being " A Narrative of the Troubles with the
Indians in New England, From Pascataqua to Pemmaquid."
There is also in the volume "A Map of New-England, Being
the first that ever was here cut, and done by the best Pattern that
could be had, which being in some places defective, it made the
other less exact : yet doth it sufficiently shew the Scituation of the
Countrey, and conveniently well the distance of Places. The
figures that are joyned with the Names of Places are to distinguish
such as have been assaulted by the Indians from others."

About three months after the work was issued in Boston, an-
other quarto edition, licensed 27 June, was published in London,
with the errors corrected, and the title altered by prefixing to it the
words **The Present State of New England. Being" &c. Prob-
ably the author was in London at the time, for he returned thence
in 1678, as early as October. H,

Denison; | Who Deceased at Ipswich, Sept. 20. 1682. | |

By Mr. William Hubbard. | | To which is Annexed an j

62 CLASS OF 1642.

The first part, by Hubbard, ends on page 175. Between pages
176 and 177 are inserted "Irenicon, | Or a | Salve | for New

England's Sore : | | By Major Daniel Denison. | |

Printed in the Year 1684." | and an address "To the Reader," in
five pages ; the whole occupying 4 leaves.

4. With thirteen other ministers he signed the Address to the
*' Christian Reader " of Increase Mather's Cases of Conscience.

Left in the Hands of the Churches ; | | By the two most

Aged Ministers of the Gospel ; | yet Surviving in the Countrey. ||
Boston. 1701. 8vo. pp. 15.

Harris's edition has the following extra title : —

A I General History | of | New England, | from | the Discov-
ery to MDCLXXX. I By | the Rev. William Hubbard, | Minis-
ter of Ipswich, Mass. | Second Edition, collated with the Original
MS. II Boston. 1848. 8vo. Although the work is issued in two
volumes the paging is consecutive throughout, so that this title-
page can be substituted for the one which makes it a part of the
series of the Historical Collections.

Authorities.— Boston News Let- D. T. Kimball, Sketch of the Ec-

ter, 1704, September 18. S. G. clesiastical History of Ipswich, 21.

Drake, Founders of New England, Massachusetts Bay Records, iv. (il)

39. J. Dunton, Life and Errors, 493; v. 279, 378, 395. Massachu-

ed. 1705, 189. J. Eliot, Biograph. setts Historical Society, Collections,

Diet, 266. J. Farmer, Genealogical vii. 263; x. 32, 187; xii. 121, 281;

Collections of the New Hampshire 235, 239; and Proceedings, 1858,

Historical Society, iv. 50, 300 ; Amer- March, 321; 1868, February, 123.

ican Quarterly Register, viii. 131. New England Historical and Gene-

J. B. Felt, History of Ipswich, 228. alogical Register, v. 142 ; viii. 49.

A. Holmes, American Annals, i. 490. S. Bewail, Manuscripts. W. B.

J. Hull, Diary in the Archaeologia Sprague, Annals of the American

Americana, iii. 185. T. Hutcbin- Pulpit, i. 148. A. Young, Cbron-

son, Massachusetts Bay, i. i ; ii. 147. icles of Massachusetts, 17, 34,

SAMUEL BELLINGHAM. 6^

SAMUEL BELLINGHAM.

Samuel Bellingh AM, M,A., M.D., son of Governor
Richard Bellingham, of Massachusetts, whose wife was
Elizabeth, came to New England with his parents in
1634. The year following, his graduation he was at
Rowley. Afterward he went to Europe, and took the
degree of Doctor in Medicine at Leyden. About the
year 1660 he "obtained a Promise" "from Increase Ma-
ther, then on a visit to England, to travel with him
"into the Continent of Europe; . . . But a sudden
Emergency drove" Bellingham "over to Holland^ before
the Time agreed for; which Released" Mather "from
his Engagement."

Nathaniel Mather, H.U. 1647, writes, 7 April, 1681:
"Mf Bellingham is so drowned in Melancholy if yet
living, for I have not heard of him these 8 or 9 years,
nor seen him as many more, that Mr. [Samuel] Stone's
body of Divinity is like to be utterly lost with him."
February 19, 1689-90, Judge Sewall, H.U. 1671, wrote
to Mather, then in England: "Madam Bellingham
desired me to Entreat your Enquiry after Mr. Samuel
Bellingham in Germany, and give him notice, that Mr.
Wharton being dead, twill be necessary to constitute an-
other Attorney to look after his Concerns here, w"* will
otherwise be at sixes & sevens, & several years Rent
being behind, much of it will be in danger to be lost."

Savage makes the statement, that he lived most of his
days in or near London. There is no substantial foun-
dation for the conjecture that he may have made one or
two visits to New England.

Bellingham had but one child, Elizabeth, daughter of
his first wife. In April, 1695, he was married in Lon-
don, to the widow Elizabeth Savage, whom he sent to
New England to manage his affairs.

64 CLASS OF 1642.

December 23, 1695, Sewall alludes to a correspondence
between his father-in-law, John Hull, and Bellingham,
and writes: "I am glad to hear of your return to your
native Land again, and of y® change of Affairs in Eng-
land, that Encouraged you so to doe. As to your Lands
in y* Country, I am informd you have conveyd them
to Feoffees in Trust for the use of Madam Bellingham.
Now by y* purchase of my forementioned father-in-Law,
the house and Ground that formerly belonged to the right
Reverend Mr. John Cotton, is become mine and you
have a small piece lying above it, cut oflF from all comu-
nication with y* Street, that I know of. It is in quan-
tity about half an Acre, of w*^*^ I ask y® Refusal, if you
or they in whose power it may be, see Cause to sell. It
butts Northerly & Easterly upon my Land. It seems
my worthy Kinsman, Mr. Hull, is one of y® Feoffees,
whereby I am y* more easily drawn to make y' motion
to you."

In November, 1697, Bellingham's wife made her will,
in Boston. She took passage for England on the eighth
of the month, and was lost by shipwreck on the coast
of Ireland, 3 February, 1697-8. Bellingham appears to
have been living in London when his wife's will was
written, as also when the letter of administration was
granted, 11 August, 1698. In the Harvard Triennial
Catalogue of 1700 there is no star prefixed to his name,
to indicate that he was dead. He had then outlived
all his classmates except Hubbard, whom perhaps he
survived.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Gene- Society, Collections, xxxviii. 33, 76.

alogical Register, 32 ; and Memori- C. Mather, Parentator, 22. J. Sav-

als of Graduates of Harvard Univer- age. Genealogical Dictionary, L 162.

sity, 19; Farmer and Moore's Col- S. Sewall, Manuscripts. Suffolk

lections, iii. 185 ; Collections of the County, Massachusetts, Probate Reo-

New Hampshire Historical Society, ords, viii. 286^ 287.
iv. 55. Massachusetts Historical

JOHN WILSON. 65

JOHN WILSON.

Born 1 62 1, died 1691, aged nearly 70 years.

Rev. John Wilson, M. A., of Medfield, Massachu-
setts, was born in London, England, in September, 1621.
He was son of John Wilson, the first minister of the
First Church in Boston, Massachusetts, and grandson
of William Wilson, D. D., Prebendary of St. Paul's,
in London, whose wife was niece of Edmund Grindal,
Archbishop of Canterbury. He came to New England
with his father on his second voyage. While at Na-
thaniel Eaton's school in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
which was introductory to the establishment of Har-
vard College, he bore his testimony to the ill-treatment
of the scholars by Eaton and his wife, as may be seen
by the note on pages 5 and 6. He was admitted to the
First Church in Boston, 3 March, 1644, and made free-
man at the session of the General Court of Massachu-
setts, 26 May, 1647.

After preaching several years he was invited to assist
the Reverend Richard Mather, of Dorchester, and in
1649 was settled as his "coadjutor." Johnson notices
him as " the gracious and godly Mr. fVihotiy . . . Pastor
to the Church of Christ at Dorchester^ After preaching
there about two years he removed to Medfield, where he
was settled in 1651; and, besides performing the duties
of physician and schoolmaster, he was the minister more
than forty years.

Hutchinson says he was held in "high esteem." Cot-
ton Mather states that Wilson, " when a Child, fell upon
his Head from a Loft four Stories high, into the Street ;
from whence he was taken up for Dead, and so battered
and bruised and bloody with his Fall, that it struck Hor-
ror into the Beholders: But" his father "had a wonderful
5

66 CLASS OF 1642.

Return of his Prayers in the Recovery of the Child, both
unto Zjife and unto Sense; insomuch, that he continued
unto Old Age^ a Faithful, Painful, Useful Minister of the
Gospel; and . . . went from the Service of the Church
in Medfieldy unto the Glory of the Church Triumphant^

He died at Medfield on Sunday, 23 August, 1691.
"The Lord's day preceding his translation, he preached
both forenoon and afternoon, fervently and powerfully.
The Lord's day that he expired, the greater part of his
Church were present to behold and lament his remove
from them."

Joseph Baxter, H. U. 1693, was settled as his successor,
21 April, 1697, after the town had heard thirty-two can-
didates.

Wilson's wife was Sarah, daughter of the Reverend
Thomas Hooker, of Hartford, Connecticut. Their
daughter Elizabeth was married to the Reverend Thomas
Weld, of Dunstable, H. U. 1671. Another daughter,
Susannah, born December, 1664, was married in 1683 to
the Reverend Grindall Rawson, H. U. 1678.

WORKS.

In 1668 Wilson preached the Artillery Election Sermon; but
it is not known that he published anything.

Authorities. — E. Alden, Ad- England, 165. Massachusetts Bay

dress, 10 May, 1853, 26. D. Dav- Records, ii. 294. C. Mather, Mag-

enport, Sexton's Monitor, 10. Hist nalia, iii. 49. New England His-

of Dorchester, 180, 405. J. Farmer, torical and Genealogical Register,

Genealogical Register, 322; and xiv. 108. D. C. Sanders, Sermon

Memorials of the Graduates of Har- near the i66th Anniversary of the

vard University, 20; Collections of Incorporation of Medtield, 9. J.

the New Hampshire Historical Soci- Savage, Notes in J. Winthrop's His-

ety, iv. 56; Farmer and Moore's His- tory of New England, i. 310, 311;

torical Collections, iii. 185 ; American and Genealogical Dictionary, iv.

Quarterly Register, viii. 133, T. M. 585. Z. G. Whitman, History of

Harris, in Collections of the Massa- the Ancient and Honorable Artillery

chusetts Historical Society, ix. 175. Company, 181. J. Winthrop, His-

T. Hutchinson, Massachusetts Bay, i. tory of New England, L 31a
112. E. Jolmson, History of New

HENRY SALTONSTALL. 67

HENRY SALTONSTALL.

Henry Saltonstall, B. A., son of Sir Richard Sal-
tonstall^ the first of the six patentees of Massachusetts
and one of the first settlers of Watertown, probably ac-
companied his father to Massachusetts in the same ship
with Governor John Winthrop, in 1630. He was ad-
mitted to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company
as early as 1639, three years before he graduated. In
1642 he was proprietor of a farm of three hundred acres,
besides eighty-eight acres of meadow, in Watertown. He ^
returned to England. In 1644 he was in Holland.

The Fasti Oxonienses contains this notice: 1652,
"June 24. Henr. Saltonstal a knight's son, fellow of
New coll. by the favour of the visitors, and doct. of
phys. of Padua, was then incorporated. — The said degree
he took at Padua in Oct. 1649." From the list of Fel-
lows on the records of the New College, Savage cites
"Henr. Saltonstall, 1653 -1657, Med. Dr. Patavii &
Oxoniae, Equ. aurati filius Author. Pari. 1650."

In the Triennial Catalogue of Harvard University, the
word "Socius" is affixed to his name; but as he does
not appear by the College records to have been a Fel-
low, and the title is not on any catalogue till late in the
eighteenth century, it is doubtless an error, occasioned
probably by the juxtaposition of the words "Oxon."
and "Socius," between which, at a comparatively recent
date, "1652" has been interposed, to designate the year
when he became Fellow at Oxford.

Authorities. — H. Bond, Family xxviii. 251 ; xxix, 122. Pedigree of

Memorials, 415, 917, 918. J. Far- Saltonstall. J. Savage, Genealogical

mex, Genealogical Register, 252; Dictionary, iv. 7. Z. G. Whitman,

and Memorials of Graduates, 21. History of the Ancient and Hon-

J. Farmer and J. B. Moore's Collec- orable Artillery Company, 103. A.

tions, iii. 185. Massachusetts His- k Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, Fasti,

torical Society, Collections, xiv. 159; ii. 172.

68 CLASS OF 1642.

TOBIAS BARNARD.

Tobias Barnard, B. A., is mentioned in Johnson's
Wonder-working Providence. Nothing has been learned
respecting him, except that he went to England, proba-
bly soon after he graduated. Though persons named
Barnard were in Watertown, Boston, and Weymouth at
an early day, I have not found any evidence that they
were his relatives.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Gene- E. Johnson, History of New Eng-

alogical Register, 26 ; and Memorials land, 165. T. Prince, Annals of

of the Graduates of Harvard Univer- New England, i. 151. J. Savage,

sity, 22 ; Collections of the New Genealogical Dictionary, L 121.
Hampshire Historical Society, iv. 58.

NATHANIEL BREWSTER.

Bom about 1620^ died 1690, aged about 70.

Rev. Nathaniel Brewster, B. A., if a son of Jona-
than and grandson of the distinguished Elder William
Brewster, and born at Plymouth in Plymouth Colony,
was the first native who received a collegiate education
in America. But it is more reasonable to suppose that
he was the son of Francis Brewster, of New Haven, who
came "from London, probably with his wife Lucy &
family, in all counting nine heads," and who was lost
with Gregson, Lamberton, and "divers other godly per-
sons," on a voyage from New Haven to England, in
January, 1646; his widow afterward marrying Thomas
Pell.

Not far from the time when Brewster took his d^ree
the laws enforcing uniformity in England were repealed,

NATHANIEL BREWSTER. 69

and others passed, which made the situation of the Epis-
copal clergy so uncomfortable that many left their par-
ishes, and the vacancies were filled by Presbyterians and
Independents. Several persons who had fled to New
England to escape oppression, and others who had been
educated here, among whom were Brewster and some of
his classmates, returned to enter the ministry. Hutch-
inson notices him as a "settled minister in Norfolk, and
of good report."

The Calendar of State Papers mentions an "Order of
the Council of State," dated 8 August, 1654, "Directing
that the sum of 36/. per annum, formerly allowed and
settled by way of augmentation, for the better mainte-
nance of Nathaniel Brewster, late minister of Netisheard
and Irsted, in Norfolk, be paid to John Leverington,
from the time of Brewster's leaving it [/^ go to New Eng-
land^ where he graduated at Harvard College'].'* The words
in brackets, which appear to have been added by the
editor, may convey the impression that^Brewster returned
to New England to obtain a college education, whereas
he graduated twelve years before. Possibly he visited
New England, but it is more probable that he was em-
ployed in Great Britain in services which required him
to be absent from his people, or he may have left them
for another situation.

In a letter dated "Alby in Norfolk, June 18, 1655,"
Brewster writes to Thurloe, who was Secretary of State
under Cromwell, for information respecting a recommen-
dation in his behalf "to the deputy of Ireland, which
his highnesse [Cromwell] intended ; ... for the sudden-
nesse of my voyage and the importance of his highness
letter in the present case hath enforced me to usurpe
soc much upon your love. I expect to be in London
this weeke, and (as I finde things) to hasten after my
lord Henry [Cromwell] before he set sayle, soe as the

70 CLASS OF 1642.

readynesse of my advance money and of that recommen-
dation will be an extraordinary furtherance, if I can be
resolved about them, by calling at your honor's house/'
In another letter to Thurloe, dated "Dublin, July 18,
1655," he writes: "Since I saw your honour, I had a
wearisome journey to West Chester, where I overtooke
my lord Henry the evening before his departure to
Holyhead, and came with his honour safely and com-
fortably to Dublin."

Brewster carried to Fleetwood, then Lord Deputy of
Ireland, a letter from Oliver Cromwell, dated 22 June,

1655, in which Cromwell writes: "Use this Bearer,
Mr. Brewster kindly. Let him be near you: indeed
he is a very able holy man ; trust me you will find him
so."

From "Alby in Norfolk, Jan. 28, 1655 [1655-6],"
Brewster writes to Thurloe: "About North Walsham
the Blapk-Fryars-way seems to gaine upon some (min-
isters and others) so farre, as grieves many soUid Chris-
tians," though, he says, "I cannot but beare witnesse to
the godlynesse of those that carry it on." The tone of
the letter is opposed to the movement.

The writer of an anonymous letter, dated 16 July,

1656, speaks of being on the preceding day at "North
Walsham, where the messengers of several churches in
the publique meeting-place gave their sence and some
arguments against dipping, and for baptizing the children
of believers. Mr. Brewstre and Mr. Powly being both
dipped, stood up to plead the contrary." If the Brews-
tre here mentioned be the Harvard graduate, which is
scarcely credible, it seems that he became an Anabaptist.

From "Dublyn, Oct. 22, 1656," he writes to Thurloe
of "being lately returned with my lord from a long
progresse, where I had occasion to take some notice of
the townes in Ireland," and informs him that " the prin-

NATHANIEL BREWSTER. 7 1

cipal sea ports and inland townes of this country are
sadly decayed and unpeopled, being likely to continue
so till better encouragement be offered to planters, espe-
cially merchants ; the want of which renders many beau-
tifiill stronge townes to be but sad spectacles. . . . Our
dissenting (but I hope) godly friends in this countrey doe
seeme to carry such a jealousy and distance with the
present magistracy and ministry (I meane in matters
spirituall) as I am now at last somewhat weary of hope-
ing for an accommodation, which I have hoped and en-
deavoured with so much complyance as offended my
best friends, for twelve months space, but doe finde by
experience in six weeks travailing, that they are every
where unanimous and fixt in separateing from us, even
to the ordinance of hearing the word, a thing that greatly
afflicts my lord and many hundreds fearing God, that
wish them well.'*

From the university at Dublin, probably when there,
he received the degree of Bachelor of Theology or Di-
vinity.

He was in Ireland, as appears from his letters, more
than a year, though not continuously, as between his
letters dated at Dublin, i8 July, 1655, and 22 October,
1656, is one dated at Alby, 28 January, 1656, and, if
he be the Brewstre alluded to in the anonymous letter,
he was in England in July, 1656.

July 26, 1658, being in straitened circumstances, he
writes to Henry Scobell, "Gierke to his Highnesse Privy
Councell at WSiftlttftalV' : "After my humble Service
and Thankfulnesse for all your Christian Respect & Fa-
vours, I am occasioned, by an extraordinary Exigent, to
move you, a litle beyond my Bounds, that (as this
Bearer Mr. Ckrke, my Agent & faithfuU Friend, shall
explaine my Affaires to you) you may vouchsafe to
lighten my present Cares so farre as (with Securitie

72 CLASS OF 1642.

from my Lord Charles Fleetwood or Lieutenant General
[Edmund^ Ludlow) you shall finde safe & convenient.
Wherein you would greatly refresh my Bowells, & (with
your Pardon of this strange Boldnesse) more oblige me
to be Tour very humble faithfull Servant^

From an application by his church, it appears that
"The parsonages of Alby and Twaite [in the County
of Norfolk] being under sequestration " had been united
and settled upon him, "by order of the Committee for
plundered Ministers." He preached in both these places
every Lord's day; but because of disbursements for
" reparation of the parsonage houses, being lefte exceed-
ing ruinous by the late incumbents, at their ejectment;
. . . the said Mr. Brewster, a great family, and much
imployed in the country by preaching freely, where
there is need, is reduced to very greate streights, and
not like to continue in his function, without assistance
from the State"; not being able to "raise above fifty
pounds per annum clearly, out of both the said par-
sonages."

About September, 1663, after the restoration of Charles
the Second and the passage of the Act of Uniformity,
Hull says that Brewster, "a very able and pious minis-
ter," came to Boston "in Master Prout's ship, from Lon-
don. Mrs. Norton [widow of the Reverend John Norton]
entertained him and his family in her house ; and after
a while, when our church had tasted his gifts, they de-
sired his frequent labor among us. Who, together with
Mr. James Allen, — that came hither about August,
1662, — carried on the public ministry in our church";
Brewster beginning in October, 1663, and continuing as a
fellow-laborer for several months. In 1665 he went to
Brookhaven on Long Island, where his sons John, Tim-
othy, and Daniel resided, and in the autumn he was

NATHANIEL BREWSTER. 73

settled there as the first minister. At a town meeting,
24 October, 1665, it was voted to purchase for his ac-
commodation the house and home-lot of Matthew Prior.
He died 18 December, 1690, age and infirmity having for
some time disabled him from performing constant minis-
terial duty.

Brewster was married to Roger Ludlow's daughter
Sarah, who is said to have been distinguished for her
literary acquirements and domestic virtues.

George Phillips, H. U. 1686, the second permanent
pastor of Brookhaven, was ordained in 1702.

John Adams, 17 November, 1777, makes the follow-
ing record in his Diary: "Dined at Brewster's, in Orange
county. State of New York. Brewster's grandfather,
as he tells me, was a clergyman, and one of the first
adventurers to Plymouth; he died, at ninety-five years
of age, a minister on Long Island ; left a son who lived
to be above eighty, and died leaving my landlord, a son
who is now, I believe, between sixty and seventy. The
manners of this family are exactly like those of the New
England people; a decent grace before and after meat;
fine pork and beef, and cabbage and turnip."

AxTTHORiTiES.— J. Adams, Works, setts Bay, L 112, 510. J. Nickolls,
iL 441. T. Blomefield, Norfolk, vi. 422. Original Letters and Papers of State,
T. Carlyle, Oliver Cromwell's Letters Addressed to Cromwell, found among
and Speeches, ed. Lond., ii. 366, 367. the Political Collections of John
J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, 41 ; Milton, 158. F. Peck, Desiderata
also Memorials of the Graduates of Curiosa, ii. (xiii.) 22. N. S. Prime,
Harvard University, 22 ; Collections History of Long Island, 223. W.
of the New Hampshire Historical N. Sainsbury, Calendar of State Pa-
Society, iv. 58 ; American Quarterly pers, Colonial Series, 1 574-1660, 418.
Register, viiL 133. J. B. Felt, Ec- J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, L
clesiastical History of New England, 244, 245. B. F. Thompson, Long
L 497. J. Hull, Diary in the Ar- Island, i. 421. J. Thurloe, State Pa-
chaeologia Americana, iii. 210. T. pers, iii. 559,660; iv. 472; v. 219,
Hutchinson, History of Massachu- 508. S. Wood, Long Island, 47.

CLASS OF 1643.

The following list of Theses at the Commencement
in 1643 ^s taken from an imperfect original copy be-
longing to the Library of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, and has already been printed in their Proceed-
ings, under the date of March, i860, page 444: —

"ILLVSTRISSIMIS PIETATE, ET VERA
RELIGIONE, VIRTVTE, ET PRVDENTIA

Honoratiffimis Viris, D. lohanni Winthropo,

caeterifque unitarum Nov-Angliae Coloni-

arum Gubernatoribus, & Magiftratibus

Digniflimis ; Vna cum pientiffimis,

vigilantiffimisque Ecclefiarum

Prelbyteris :

" Nee non omnibus noftrae Reip. literariae, tam in Veteri
quam in Nov-Anglia, Fautoribus benigniffimis :

^^Has Thefes Philologicas 6? PhilofophicaSy quas cvv ©eoS,

Prafide Henrico Dunftero pajam in CoUegio Har-

vardino pro virili propugnare conabuntur {honoris^

objervantiae et gratitudinis ergo) D. D. D.

in artibus liberalibus initiandi

Adolejcentes.

"lohannes lonefius. Samuel Danforthus.

Samuel Matherus. lohannes AlHnus.

COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES. 75

"Thefes Philologic:

"Grammatic:

**T Inguae prius difcendae, quam artes.

X^ Linguas foslicius ufu, quam arte difcutitur.

**iij Linguanim Anglicana nuUi fecunda.

**iiij Literae diverfae fonum habent diverfum.

"v C. et T. efFerre ut S. in latinis abfuxdum.

**vi Sheva nee vocalis eft, nee confona, nee fyUabam e . .

**• . NuUae diphthong! pronuntiandae ut fimplices vo . . .

**. . Syllabarum accentus non deftruit tempus.

**ix Verba valent ficut nummus.

**x Synthefis eft naturalis Syn taxis.

"Rhetoric:

*'¥^ Hetorica eft afFeftionum domina.

XV Eloquentia naturalis excellit artificialem.
**iij Apte loqui praeftat qaam ornate.
**iiij Vel geftus fidem facit.

" Logic :

^'T^Ialeftica eft omnium artium generaliflima.

J—/ Efficiens & finis non ingrediuntur rei eflentiam.

iij Forma fimul cum reipfa ingeneratur.

iv Pofita forma ponuntur effentia, differentia & adio.

V Et motus et res motu fadae funt efFeda

vj Oppofitorum ex uno affirmato alterum negatur.
*Vij Relata funt fibi mutuo caufae.
*'viij Contradidio topica negat ubique.
**ix Privantia maxime diffentiunt.
**x Genus et fpecies funt notae caufarum et efFedorum.

xi Omnis fyllogifmus eft neceiFarius ratione formae.

xii Omnis quaeftio non eft fubjedum fyllogifmi.

xiij Methodus procedit ab univerfalibus ad fingularia.

y6 CLASS OF 1643.

"Thefes Philofophic:

"Ethic:
"TT^OElicitas moralis eft finis Ethices.

J/ . . . . unum adlum non generatur h . . .
"iij . . . oitus non pereunt fola aduum ce . . .

"iv perfefta dari poteft, vitium n . . .

"v caufa eft liberum arbitrium.

" atus in individuo . . .

" amentu . . .

"viij Vulgi mos non regeret nos.

"ix Eft abftinens qui continens.

"x Honor fequentem fugit, fugientem fequitur.

"xi Divitiae nil conferunt fcelicitati morali.

xij Nulla eft vera amicitia inter improbos.

Phyfic:

'TVTIhil agit in feipfum.

Omnis motus fit in tempore.

iij Non datur infinitum aftu.
"iiij Pura elementa, non funt alimenta.

V Non datur proportio arithmetica in mixtis.

vi In uno corpore non funt plures animae.

vii Anima eft tota in toto, & tota in qualibet parte.

viij Status animae in corpore eft naturaliffimus.
"ix Viiio fit receptione fpecierum.
"x Phantafia producit reales efFedus.
"xi Primum cognitum eft fingulare materiale.

" Metaphyfic :
*^T^Ns qua ens, eft objedum metaphyfices.

Hj Ente nihil prius, fimplicius, melius, verius.
"iij Datur difcrimen inter ens et rem.
"iv EfTentia entis non fufcipit magis et minus.
"v Veritas eft conform itas intelledlus cum re.

"Cantabrigiae, Nov. Ang. MenJ. 8, 1643."

JOHN JONES. 77

JOHN JONES.

John Jones, M. A., was son of the Reverend John
Jones, of Concord, Massachusetts, and afterward of Fair-
field, Connecticut, who, as stated in the autobiography of
his fellow-passenger, the Reverend Thomas Shepard, of
Cambridge, arrived at Boston in the Defence from Lon-
don, 3 October, 1635. With him came his wife Sarah,
his son John, who was about eleven years old, and other
children. In May, 1645, John was made a freeman of
Massachusetts. As early as 1651 he was "imployed in
these Western parts in Mevis [Nevis], one of the sum-
mer Islands," as a' preacher, where he probably died.
In speaking of the father, Johnson thus alludes to the
son: —

** Leading thy son to Land, yet more remote ^
Tofeede his flock upon this Westeme wast:
Exhort him then Christs Kingdome to promote \
That he with thee of lasting joyes may tastr

His widow, Mary, came with her son to New England.
October 17, 1677, ^^^ Connecticut General Court "haue-
ing heard and considered what hath been presented by
Mrs. [Susanna] Joanes [second wife of John Jones of
Fairfield] to alter what hath been done by the Court of
Assistants in refFerence to the estate claymed by Mrs.
Osborn for herselfe and Mr. John Joanes, son of Mr.
John Joanes of Nevis, giuen by the last will of the
Reverend Mr. John Joanes of Fayrefeild," confirmed
the act of the Court of Assistants.

As the graduate is named in his father's will, dated
17 January, 1665, he probably died between that time
and 27 December, 1673, ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^"^ ^^ ^^^
widow, who had married an Osborn at New Haven, and
who gave most of her estate, £408, to her two sons, John
and David, and to John Austin and his wife Mercy.

78 CLASS OF 1643.

Authorities. — S. G. Drake, England, ii. 261. E. Johnson, His-
Founders of New England, 39. J. tory of New England, or Wonder-
Fanner, Genealogical Register, 164 ; working Providence, 82, 165. Mas-
and Memorials of the Graduates, 23 ; sachusetts Bay Records, ii. 294. J.
Collections of the New Hampshire Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
Historical Society, iv. 59; American ii. 562, 563. L. Shattuck, History
Quarterly Register, viii, 133. J. B. of Concord, 240. J. H. TrumbuU,
Felt, Ecclesiastical History of New Connecticut Records, ii. 324.

SAMUEL MATHER.

Born 1626, died 167 1, aged 45.

Rev. Samuel Mather, M. A., son of the Reverend
Richard Mather by his first wife, Katharine, daughter of
Edmund Hoult, was born at Magna-Wotton, or Much-
Wootton,' in Lancashire, England, 13 May, 1626. He
accompanied his parents and three brothers to Boston,
where they arrived 17 August, 1635, after having been
"delivered . . . from as Eminent Danger of Deaths as
ever was escaped by Mortal Men, in a Fierce and Sore
Hurricane on the New-English Coast."

He was so mature in early life that he was called
" The Toung Old Many Having graduated at the age of
seventeen, he "continually grew in his Accomplishments
. . . instead of losing them."

In the charter, dated 30 May, 1650, by which the
Corporation of the College is made to consist of a
President, Treasurer, and five Fellows, he is the first-
named Fellow, — Fellow then being nearly equivalent to
Tutor, — and accordingly he is the earliest graduate to
whom the title belongs. He probably succeeded Bulk-
ley and Downing in the office of instruction, as there is
no name between theirs and his in the record of payments

* Probably Much-Woolton.

SAMUEL MATHER. 79

for teaching, and he is allowed £9 8s. 6id. for his ser-
vices during his Fellowship, which, judging by what was
paid to his predecessors, must have made the time when
he began coincide nearly, if not exactly, with the time
when they left.

Cotton Mather says, "His careful Instruction^ and exact
Government of the Scholars under his Tuition, caused as
many of them as were so^ to mention him afterwards with
Honour, as long as they lived; and such was the Love
of all the Scholars to him, that, not only when he read
his Last Philosophy-Lecture, in the CoUedge-Hall, they
heard him with Tears, because of it's being his Las/, but
also, when he went away from the CoUedge, they put
on the Tokens of Mourning in their very Garments for
it. But by this his Living at Cambridge, under the Min-
istry of Mr. Shepard, he had the Advantage to conform
himself, in his younger Years, more than a little, unto
the Spirit and Preaching of that Renowned Man; (of
whose Life, he afterwards published certain Memoirs) ^

"Being not only by Notable Parts, both Natural and
Acquired, and by an Eminently Gracious Disposition of
Soul, but also by a certain Florid and Sparkling Liveli-
ness of Expression, admirably fitted for the Service of the
Gospel, several Congregations in this Wilderness, applied
themselves unto him, for the Enjoyment of his Labours/'
Some time was spent by him as an assistant to Ezekiel
Rogers, in Rowley, "where the Zeal of the People to
have him settled, was the Cause of his not setling there
at all." "He was the first that did Preach the Gospel
to the North Church in Boston" ; and at its organization,
5 June, 1650, it was hoped that he would become the
pastor. His sermon on the occasion called forth warm
encomiums even from the grave lips of Cotton. "With
this People he continued the Winter following."

He was very zealous "against every thing which he

8o CLASS OF 1643.

judged contrary unto the Interests of Holiness. But
there was hardly any one thing, against which he used
more of Thunderbolt^ than that Vnholy Spirit of Antinomi-
anisftty wherewith many People in those Days were led
aside."

He was inspired "with a strong Desire to pass over
into England^ and by the Wisdom of Heaven, there fell
out several Temptations in this Wilderness^ which occa-
sioned him to be yet more desirous of such a Removal.
To England then he went, in the Year 1650," the ves-
sel encountering on the voyage a terrible storm, besides
narrowly escaping destruction by fire. ^^ Thomas Andrews^
Esq ; then Lord Mayor of the City of London^ quickly
took such Notice of his Abilities, as to make Choice of
him, for his Chaplain ; and by the Advantage of the Post,
... he came into an Acquaintance, with the most Eminent
Ministers in the Kingdom. . . . He was Courted so often
to preach in the Biggest Assemblies, that by Overdoing
therein, he had like to have undone his Friends, and lost
his Lifey* and was obliged to diminish his labors.

After this, he was "invited unto a Settlement, in sev-
eral Places ; and . . . did preach for a while, at Graves-
Endy and after that, at the Cathedral^ in the City of Exeter.
But having from his Childhood, a Natural and Vehe-
ment Affection to a Colledge-Lifey he retired unto Oxford^
where he became a Chaplain in Magdalen-Colledge\ and he
had therewithal an Opportunity, sometimes at St. Maries^
to preach the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ."

"Having before this, proceeded Master of Arts in the
only Protestant CoUedge of America^ he was now ad-
mitted. Ad Eundem^^ in the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge.

He was one of the ministers chosen by the English
Commissioners, in the time of Cromwell, to accompany
them into Scotland, "and there he continued at Letgh^

SAMUEL MATHER. 8 1

preaching the Gospel of God our Saviour^ for Two Years
together."

In 1655 he returned to England, and, with Doctors
Harrison and Winter, Mr. Charnock, Nathaniel Brewster,
H. U. 1642, and perhaps others, accompanied "Lord
Henry Cromwel^ then going over Lord-Deputy for Ire--
landy . . . for the Service of the Christian Religion there.*'
At Dublin he was admitted to the degree of Master of
Arts, "was made a Senior Fellow of Trinity-CoUedge \
and . . . had the Offer of a Baccalaureatus in Theologi&j but
he modestly declined it. . . . He was joined as a Colleague
with Dr. Winter \ and here preached every Lord's Day
Morning at St. NichoPs Church ; besides his Turn which
he took once in six Weeks, to preach before the Lord
Deputy and Council. A Preacher he now was of Ex-
troardinary Esteem and Success. ... It was commonly re-
mark'd, Mr. Charnock^s Invention, Dr. Harrison's Expres-
sion, and Mr. Mathers Logick, meeting together, would
have made the Perfectest Preacher in the World." "He
was publickly ordain'd by Dr. Winter ^ Mr. Taylor of Car-
rick-ferguSy and Mr. Jenner of Tredaghy on Dec. 5. 1656."

Anthony Wood says : " Tho' he was a congregational
man, and in his principles respecting church government
a high nonconformist, yet he was observed by some to
be civil to those of the episcopal persuasion, when it
was in his power to do them a displeasure: And when
the lord deputy (Henry Cromwell) gave a commission
to him and others in order to the displacing of episcopal
ministers in the province of Mounster, he declined it,
as he did afterwards to do the like matter in Dublin,
alledging that he was called into that country to preach
the gospel, and not to hinder others from doing it.
He was a religious man in the way he professed, and
was valued by some who differed from him as to opinion
in lesser and circumstantial points in religion."
6

82 CLASS OF 1643.

When the storm of persecution for Nonconformity
arose in Ireland, after the restoration of Charles the
Second, he was suspended from the ministry, though
more than five months had elapsed since he preached, in
1660, the two sermons, afterwards printed, which were
"the pretended Occasions of his being silenced."

Calamy says, **He was represented as seditious, and
guilty of Treason ; tho' he had not a disrespectful word
of the King or Government, but only set himself to
prove, that the Ecclesiastical Ceremonies then about to
be restored, had no Warrant from the Word of GOD."
And in his "Address to the Lord-Chancellor for his
Liberty" he remarks: "/ can truly say^ I desire no more^
not so much Favour for my self now, as I have shewed unto
others formerly y when they stood in need of it. But I will not
say^ how much cause I have to resent //, and to take it a little
unkindly J that I have met with so much of Molestation from
those of that Judgment^ whom I have not provoked unto it,
by my Example^ but rather have obliged by sparing their Con-
sciences y to another manner of Deportment. For indeed^ I have
always thought^ that it is an Irksome Work, to punish or
trouble any Man, so it is an Evil and Sinful Work, to
trouble any Good Man with Temporal Coercions, for such
Errors in Religion, as are consistent with the Foundation of
Faith and Holiness. // is no Good Spirit in any Form,
to fight with Carnal Weapons ; / mean, by External Vio-
lence, to Impose and Propagate it self and seek by such means,
the suppressing of Contrary Ways, winch by Argument it is
not able to subdued

Being now precluded from any further service in Ire-
land, he returned to England in the latter part of 1 660-1,
and was minister at ^^Burton-Wood in Lancashire, until
the general Death upon the Ministry of the Non-Conform-
ists, at the Black Bartholomew-Day, August 24. i66a."
His church in Dublin now sent for him, as they could

SAMUEL MATHER. 83

say, ^^The Men are dead that sought thy Life^' and he re-
turned. "Their meetings were at first more favourably
wink'd at in Ireland than in England.*^ But as he "was
preaching privately, on Sept. i8. 1664, he was inter-
rupted by an Officer," and carried to the main guard.
"There," says Calamy, "he reason'd with the Officers
and Soldiers about their disturbing a Meeting of Protes-
tantSy when yet they gave no Disturbance to the Papists^
who said Mass without any Interruption. They told
him, that such Men as he were more dangerous than
the PapistSy &c. The Mayor having consulted the Lord-
Deputy, told Mr. Af, that he might go to his Lodgings,
but, that he must appear the next Day before his Lord-
ship, for which he and some others gave their Word.
Being the next Day before the Mayor, he told him, that
the Lord-Deputy was much incens'd against him for his
Conventicle, being informed there were many old discon-
tented Officers there. Mr. M. deny*d that he saw any of
those there, whom the Mayor nam'd, and gave him an
Account of his Sermon, which was on John 2. 15, 16,
17; and could not give any reasonable Offence. How-
ever, that Evening he was seiz'd by a Pursevant from
the Lord-Deputy, and the next Day imprisoned, but
soon releas'd."

Some years afterward he had an urgent invitation to
settle in Boston, in New England, but his church would
not consent to it. "He spent all the Rest of his Days
with his Church in Dublin \ but he preached only in his
Own Hired House^ which being a very large One, was well
fitted for that purpose. And there was This Remarkable
concerning it ; That although no Man living used a more
Open and Generous Freedom^ in Declaring against the
Corruptions of Worships reintroduced into the Nation, yet
such was his Learnings his JVisdom^ his known Piety^ and
the true Loyalty of his whole Carriage towards the Gov-

84 CLASS OF 1643.

ernment, that he lived without much further Moles-
tation."

When Valentine Greatarick drew crowds around him
from all parts of Ireland, on the pretence that by strok-
ing with his hand he could cure the king's evil, — subse-
quently adding the ague, and then all manner of dis-
eases,— Mather, attributing his success to friction and to
the imaginations of his patients, wrote a discourse against
his miraculous pretensions. It was commended by "some
of the King's Privy-Council in Ireland ... as most worthy
to be printed; but the Primates Chaplain, at last, ob-
structed it, because forsooth; the Geneva Notes, and Dr.
AmeSy were quoted in it, and it was not convenient, that
there should be any Book printed, wherein any Quota-
tions were made from such Dangerous Fanatics,* or, as
Calamy says, it was "not allow'd to be Printed, because
of the Author's Character."

At the desire of the ^^ Non-Conformist Ministers, in the
City of Dublin,'* he began a course of sermons on the
Types of the Old Testament. His interest in the sub-
ject increasing as he proceeded, he continued them from
March, 1666, to February, 1668.

Not long after the ^^ Author had gone through this Sub-
ject,* writes the editor, ^^God took him to Heaven, {when
he wanted above six months of being six and forty years old)
by an Impost hume in his Liver \ which, as some that were con-
versant with him judged, hung upon him when he studied and
preached these Sermons** He died at Dublin, 29 October,
1 67 1, and was buried in the church of St. Nicholas, in
which he had formerly preached.

Mather " never was a Man of Words, but of a Silent,
and a Thinking Temper, a little tinged with Melancholly**
"He continu'd taking Pains to do Good in all Ways
within his Reach to the Last, and had generally the
Character of a good Scholar, and a generous spirited

SAMUEL MATHER. 85

Man." As a preacher he held the first rank, and his
name was known throughout the kingdom.

In 1656 he was married to Sir John Stevens's sister,
who died in 1668. By her he had four or five children,
only one of whom, a daughter, lived to maturity. In
a letter dated 31 December, 1679, Nathaniel Mather,
H. U. 1647, wh^ succeeded him at Dublin, speaks of his
orphans, and of their being greatly wronged.

WORKS.

1. Address "To the Reader" of Mr. Samuel Stone's Congre-
gational Church, &c. 1651. 4to. pp. 5.

2. A Defence of the Protestant, Christian Religion against
Popery, wherein the manifold Apostasies, Heresies, and Schisms
of the Church of Rome, as also the Weakness of their Preten-
sions from the Scriptures and the Fathers are briefly laid open.
Lond. 1 67 1. 4to.

This title is taken from Mather's Magnalia, iv. 151, where it
is stated that " A certain Roman Caiholick having published a short,
but subtil Discourse, Entitled, Of the One, Onfy^ Catholick and
Roman Faith^ whereby the Faith of some Fncatechized Protestants
was not a little endangered. Mr. Mather was desired by Persons
of Quality, to give the World an Answer to this Discourse, And
in Answer to their Desire, he Composed and Emitted" this
**most Elaborate, Pertinent, Judicious, though Brief Treatise."

3. An Irenicum ; Or, An Essay for Union among Reformers.
London. 4to.

Written not long before the author's death. Cotton Mather
gives a particular account of it in the Magnalia, iv. 150. Ac-
cording to Increase Mather, its design *'is to shew wherein Pres-
byterians and (those called Independents) Congregational Men,
and Antipedobaptists differ from each other, and that they ought
to give the Right hand of Fellowship to each other, considering
the greatness of their Agreements, and the smallness of their
Differences." Nathaniel Mather wrote, 31 December, 1674,
"Our Br. Sam's Irenicum is sent to London to bee printed, if
any will undertake it. I purpose, that some other things of his
shall follow it shortly. I have gotten the remayning part of his

86 CLASS OF 1643.

discourses on 2 King 18, 4, transcribed for the presse, and a
good part of his discourses on the types also, which I intend also
to get published, and some other things of his, if the Lord will."

30. 1660 I I By Mr. Samuel Mather, Teacher to a | Church

of Christ in Dublin in Ireland. || n. p., n. d. 4to. pp. (4), 75.

The address "To the Reader," in four pages, is signed ^'M. I."
On the title-page of the copy in the Boston Athenaeum is writ-
ten: "ffor the publike Library at Boston 1674." A^ M.

The same. By Mr. Samuel Mather, Once Pastor of a Church
of Christ in Dublin, n. p., n. d. 8vo. pp. (4), 88. Appar-
ently printed in New England, and, according to a manuscript
note, in 1725. A^ M^ P.

Henry Ware, Junior, D. D., says he found in these sermons
^^ passages in the finest style of that peculiar puritan eloquence,
which is so happily imitated in Walter Scott's Romances."

in the Year M.DC.LXXXIII. || n. p. [Dublin?] 4to. pp. (6),
678. A.

The same. Second edition. To which is annex'd, (more than |
was in the former Edition) a Scheme and Table of the whole, |
whereby the Reader may readily turn to any Subject treated | of in
this Book. II London. 1705. 4to. pp. vii, (i), 540, (i^). A^ H.

This work was edited by the author's brother, and successor,
Nathaniel Mather, of Dublin, H. U. 1647, who writes to Increase
Mather, 31 May [1683], probably from Dublin: "Our Br.
Saih's Sermons on the Types will, I think, bee printed at last in
this Towne, but by stealth. Sundry have subscribed, to the
valew of about 35 £, they beeing to have 5 books at the rate that

SAMUEL MATHER. 87

4 are sold by the bookseller. It is an imperfect work, being for
the most part taken out of his owne notes, onely in some places
filled up from his broken scraps of paper, or some other ways,
which cost mee considerable payns, as also the correcting the
press will doe." In the book itself he says : ** If this work find
incouraging acceptance^ others of his labours may possibly be published
hereafter. For besides this and those three other small Tracts^ viz.
his Defense of the Protestant Religion against the impotent Assaults
of a Popish Priest^ his Irenicum, or Essay for Union among the Re-
forming Parties in these Nations^ and his Two Sermons against the
Ceremonies, on 2 King. 18. 4. which are already printed^ there are
some other works of his not unfit to see the publick Light.**

In an abridged form this work was published as " The Gospel
of the Old Testament ; an explanation of the types and figures by
which Christ was exhibited under the legal dispensation ; re-writ-
ten from the original work of S. M. by the author of 'The Lis-
tener' [Caroline Fry]. Lond. 1834. 2 vols. 8vo." A new
edition of this abridgment was published in one volume in 1851.

6. In a letter to Increase Mather, dated at Dublin, 25 August,
1679, Nathaniel Mather writes: "To gratify you I will send you
as soon as I can, some sermons of my Brs at Boston". I cannot
advise the printing of them ; (I think himselfe, if living, would bee
against it,) discerning a great defect in them as to that ripeness
& subactnes of judgment which his latter days arrived at."

Authorities. — E. Calamy, Ac- 45. C. Mather, Magnalia, iv. 143.

count of Ejected Ministers, ii. 415; I. Mather, Preface to C. Mather's

and Continuation, 572. J. Fanner, Brethren dwelling together in Unity.

Genealogical Register, 191 ; and J. Quincy, History of Harvard Uni-

Memorials of the Graduates of Har- versity, i. 456, 589. C Robbins,

vard University, 24 ; American Quar- History of the Second Church, or

terly Register, viii. 134; Collections Old North, in Boston, 7. W. B.

of the New Hampshire Hist Society, Sprague, Annals of the American

iv. 6a Harvard College Corporation Pulpit, i. 79. H. Ware, Century

Records, iii. II. Massachusetts His- Discourses, 5, 43. A. k Wood,

torical Society, Collections, ix. 172, Athense Oxonienses, iii. 941.
178; X. 27; xvii. 187; xxxviiL 19,23,

88 CLASS OF 1643.

SAMUEL DANFORTH.

Born 1626, died 1674, aged 48.

Rev. Samuel Danforth, M. A., of Roxbury, second
son of Nicholas Danforth, of Cambridge, Massachusetts,
was born in Framlingham, in the County of Suffolk, in
England, in September, 1626, and was "by the Desire of
his Mother [Elizabeth], who died Three Years after his
Birth, earnestly Dedicated unto the Schools of the Prophets.
His Father brought him to New-England in the Year
1634. and at his Death, about four Years after his Ar-
rival here, he committed this Hopeful Son of many
Cares and Prayers, unto the Paternal Oversight of Mr.
Shepard^* of Cambridge, to whose church he belonged,
and to whom he had "prov'd a Gaius^ and then espe-
cially when the Laudian fury scorched them."

Cotton Mather says: "His Early Piety ^ answered the
pious Education bestowed upon him; and there was
One Instance of it somewhat singularly circumstanced:
when he was reciting to his Tutorj out of the Heathen
PoetSy he still made some Ingenious Addition and Cor-
rection, upon those Passages, which ascribed those Things
unto the False Gods of the Gentiles^ that could not without
Blasphemy be ascribed unto any, but the Holy One of Israel:
His Tutor gave him a sharp Reprehension for this, as
for a meer Impertinency ; but this Conscientious Child re-
ply'd, Sir^ I carit in Conscience recite the Blasphemies of these
Wretches y without Washing my Mouth upon it! Neverthe-
less, a fresh Occasion occurring, his Tutor gave him an-
other sharp Reprehension, for his doing once again as
he had formerly done; but the Tutor to the Amaze-
ment of them all, was terribly and suddenly siezed with
a Violent Convulsion-Fit \ out of which when he at last
recovered, he acknowledged it as an Hand of God upon

SAMUEL DANFORTH. 89

him, for his Harshness to his Pupil, whose Conscientious-
ness he now applauded.

"His Learning with his Virtue^ e're long brought Him
into the Station of a Tutor y* or Fellow of the College,
an office which he appears to have held till about the
time of his ordination. The disbursement to him as
"Read' and fFellow 6 yeares" was £56 13s. 8d. In
1647 he was made freeman, and the name appears again
in 1648. He is the second of the Fellows named in
the College charter, dated 30 May, 1650. In 1656 he
is credited with a donation of £ i 4s. to the College.

"The Watchfulness, Tenderness and Conscientiousness
of ^ged Christianity accompanied him, while he was yet
but Toung in Years. His Manner was to Rise before the
Suny for the Exercises which Isaac attended in the Even-
ings and in the Evening likewise he withdrew, not only
from the Conversation then usually maintained, which he
thought hurtful to his Mind by its Infectious Levity^ but
from Supper it self also, for the like Exercises of Devo-
tion. . . . The Sin of Vnfruitfulness gave as much Perplex-
ity to him, as more Scandalous and Immoral Practices
do to other Men."

After the return of the Reverend Thomas Welde to
England, Danforth was invited to assist the Reverend
John Eliot, "whose Evangelical Employments abroad
among the Indians y made a CoUegue at Home to be ne-
cessary"; and he was ordained at Roxbury, 24 Septem-
ber, 1650. Neither ^^ t\it Incompetency of the Salary'^ nor
" the Provocationy which unworthy Men in the Neighbour-
hood sometimes tried him withal, could perswade him . . .
to remove unto more Comfortable Settlements."

He was particularly watchful over his flock, very atten-
tive to the sick, a faithful instructor of the convalescent,
and a peacemaker "in rising Differences; being of the
Opinion, That usually they have little Peace of ConsciencCy
who do nof make much Conscience of Peace"

90 CLASS OF 1643.

He exerted his influence to have only such persons
keep houses of public entertainment "as would keep
Good Orders and Manners" in them. And when from
his study window "he saw any Town-Dwellers tipling
there, he would go over and chide them away."

His sermons "were Elaborate and Substantial; He
was a Notable Text-Man^ and one who had more than
Forty or Fifty Scriptures distinctly quoted in One Dis-
course; but he much recommended himself by keeping
close to his Main Text," and by such depth of feeling
"/Aj/ he rarely y if ever ended a Sermon without Weeping.
On the Lord's Days in the Forenoons^ he expounded the
Old-Testament \ in the Afternoons^ he discoursed on the
Body of Divinity^ and many Occasional Subjects, and some
Chapters in the Epistle to the Romans^ until the Year
1 661; and then he began to handle the Harmony of the
Four EvangelistSj* and proceeded as far as Luke xiv. 14:
^^Thou shalt be recompenced at the Resurrection of the just:
On which, having preached his Last Sermon, it proved
indeed his Last*' He never ventured "upon any £v-
temporaneous Performances^' but wrote "his Sermons twice
over. ..in a fair long Hand." "His Vtterance was free,
clear, and giving much in a little time ; his Memory very
tenacious, and never known to fail him, though he al-
lowed no Assistances."

Danforth's ministry continued twenty-four years.
"And when he then came to Dye^ spending one whole
Sleepless Nighty in a Survey of his past Life, he said. He
could find no remarkable Miscarriage {through the Grace of
Christ) in all this time, to charge himself withal, but that
with Hezekiah, he had served the Lord with a perfect
Heart all his Days'' "As his End approached he had
strong Apprehensions of its Approach; and the very
Night before he fell sick, he told his Wife, He had been
much concerned, how she with her Children would subsist, if he
should be removed \ but now he had got over it, ^and firmly

SAMUEL DANFORTH. 9 1

bdieved . . . that they should be . . .as well provided for^ as
they could be^ if he were alive. . . . Immediately after this,
he fell sick of a putred Fever, occasioned by a Damp,
Cold, Nocturnal Air, on a Journey; and in the Space of
six Days, passed from Natural Healthy to Eternal Peace^
Nov. 19. 1674," in so happy a state that his venerable
colleague, Eliot, would say, "Afy Brother Danforth made
the most glorious End^ that ever I sawT* His remains were
laid in the Governor Dudley tomb. Welde wrote a poem
upon him. Cotton Mather, alluding to his studies, wrote:

"Non dubium est, quin ^ iverit, qub Stellae eunt,
DANFORTH US, qui Stellis semper se associavitr

After Danforth's ^^ Contraction^ according to the Old
Vsage of NeW'Englandy unto the Virtuous Daughter of
[the Reverend] Mr. Wilson [of Boston] (whereat Mr.
Cotton preached the Sermon) he was married," 5 Novem-
ber, 1 65 1. They had twelve children, of whom the
first, Samuel, born 14 January, 1653, "at nine o'clock
at night," baptized at Boston two days after by his
grandfather, died at the age of six months; and the
next three being attacked by the "Malady of Bladders in
the Windpipe [Acute Laryngitis?]" in December, 1659,
**it pleased God to take them all away at once, even in
one fortnight's time." John, born in 1660, and Samuel,
born 18 December, 1666, graduated respectively in 1677
and in 1683. Danforth's widow married Joseph Rock,
Rocke, or Ruck, of Boston, where she died, 13 Septem-
ber, 1 7 13, in the eighty-first year of her age.

WORKS.

I. Danforth devoted considerable time, particularly in early life,
to astronomical studies, and for several years published Almanacs.
** Those from 1646 to 1649, inclusive," John Farmer says he has
^^seen, and some of them are valuable for the chronological tables
at the end. These tables were consulted and cited by Mr. Prince
[H. U. 1707] in his New-England Chronology."

92 CLASS OF 1643.

In this tract the author maintains that comets move according
to mathematical laws, and are portentous.

3. A brief | Recognition | of | New-Englands | Errand [ into
the I Wilderness ; | Made in the Audience of the General Assem-
bly of the I Massachusets Colony, at Boston in N. £. on the |
II*** of the third Moneth, 1670. being the | Day of Election |
there. II Cambridge : Printed by S. G. and M. J. 1671. 410.
pp. (4), 23. The Address to the " Christian Reader," pp. 4, is
signed "Thomas Shepard." if/, P.

Lusts. I I By S. D. || Cambridge : Printed by Marmaduke

Johnson. 1674. 4to. pp. (2), 25. The Address to the "Chris-
tian Reader," pp. 2, is signed "John Sherman, Urian Oakes,
Thomas Shepard." P, fT.

5. Several specimens of poetry are found in his Almanacs.

6. Ellis says, "That part of the diary of the Pastors which he
wrote indicates the interest he took in astronomy, by its frequent
descriptions of the appearances of various phenomena, and of the
situations and movements of heavenly bodies. . . . From 1664 to
1670, it is filled with descriptions of prodigies, earthquakes,
comas, &c."

Authorities. — C M. Ellis, His- Harvard College Records, iii. 11.

tory of Roxbury Town, 96. J. Far- E. Johnson, Wonder-working Provi-

mer. Memorials of the Graduates of dence, 165. Massachusetts Histor-

Harvard University, i. 28 ; and Ge- ical Society, Collections, viii. 33.

nealogical Register, 77 ; Collections C. Mather, Magnalia, iv. 153. W.

of the New Hampshire Historical Newell, Church Gathering, 55. J.

Society, iv. 64 ; American Quarterly Quincy, History of Harvard Univer-

Moore's Collections, ii. 270. W. T. age. Genealogical Dictionary, it 8.

Harris, in New England Historical W. B. Sprague, Annals, i. 138.
and Genealogical Register, vii. 317.

JOHN ALLIN. 93

JOHN ALLIN.

Bom 1623.

Rev. John Allin, B. A., born 13 October, 1623, erro-
neously called Thomas Allen by Calamy and Palmer,
was son of John and Margaret Allin, of Wrentham, in
Suffolk, England. He came to America with his pa-
rents in 1637, and his father was settled in the ministry
at Dedham, Massachusetts, where he died 26 August,
1 67 1. As Allin did not take his second degree, he
probably returned to his native country soon after he
graduated. In 1653, according to Cooper, he became
the vicar of Rye, in Sussex, "and continued vicar till
December 1662, when he was ejected under the Bartholo-
mew Act. On leaving Rye, he came to London and
studied physic, for on the 2nd March, 1664-5, ^^ writes,
that he had spent three days *upon an anatomie.'"

His letters, many of which were addressed to his friends
at Rye during the prevalence of the plague, when there
was such a dread of infection, even from the letters
themselves, that he hardly knew to whom he could write,
reveal his opinions, character, and circumstances, at the
same time that they contain minute and interesting ac-
counts of the progress and treatment of the desolating
scourge, and of the feelings with which it was regarded.
After the pestilence had made its appearance in London,
and when it was on the increase, Allin writes to Philip
Fryth, 26 July, 1665: "I thanke God I goe about my
buisines without any slavish feare of it; yet my body
too apt for such a disease, which proves very mortal
where it comes: many whole familyes of 7, 8, 9, 10,
18 in a family totally swept away. I thinke there is
no fleeing from God's hand, and truely this sicknes so
highly pestilential in some places speakes it to be more

54 CLASS OF 1643. ^

a judgment than any thing else, and true repentance is
the best antidote, and pardon of sin the best cordiall."

September 2, 1665, he mentions the death of his wife's
brother, Peter Smith, "the best friend" he had "in y*
world," and one of the few to whom his children, whom
he often mentions, and who were still at Rye, could
look for help.

September 7, 1665: "The increasing sickenes hath
now drawne very nigh mee, and God knoweth whither
I may write ony more or no: it is at the next doore on
both hands of mee; and under the same roofe . . . ; but
I have no place of retireing, neither in the city nor coun-
try; none in heaven nor earth to go unto but God onely;
the Lord lodge mee in the bosom of his love, and then
I shall be safe whatever betides. ... If I live I hope to
have some materia prima^ from you; if you could inclose
a little dust in a letter I shall be glad to receive it."

September 20, 1665, he writes to Samuel Jeake: "It
is some refreshing to mee to thinke you are yet willing
to receive a line from mee. It was an afliction to mee
that I knew not to whom I might send a letter with
acceptance (except Mr. Fryth onely). I am afrayd that
some of my friends there are this day too much afrayd
where no feare need to bee, for were my penn infectious

» Allin dabbled in alchemy, and known by the "name of cceli/olium^
attached a high value to the Materia as the popular belief was that it fell
prima, " It was to be gathered with from heaven in the night Para-
great mystery, and preserved with celsus gave to it the name of nostock
much care, for the purposes of distil- or cerefolium. . . . The alchemists
lation ; and he intended, in Septem- took it to contain the universal spirit,
ber, 1665, to set up 'divers chemical and an extract to be the solvent of
stills and one furnace for the main gold." Being reduced to a powder,
worke.' He was a disciple of Para- it was said to cure ulcers, however
celsus, who says that *the saline "obstinate and rebellious they may
spirit unites with the earthy prin- be": hence possibly its use in the
ciple, which always exists in the plague. "The ammonia was the
liquids, but in a state of materia chief ingredient of its utility for this
primay^ The plant was formerly purpose."

JOHN ALLIN. 95

my hand would soone let it drop. . . . Clouds are gath-
ering thicker and thicker, and I thinke veryly the day
of the*Lord will yet prove more blacke. Whither the
Lord will make good that word spoken by a child here
concerning the increase of y® Plague, till 18,317 dye in
a weeke . . . and that word too of a yeares time of greate
and sad persecution, spoken by y* same mouth after
death had once cooled it in this visitation, time will
show."

September 22, 1665: "Freind get a piece of angell
gold, if you can of Eliz. coine (y* is y* best), w^^ is
phylosophicall gold, and keepe it allways in yo' mouth
when you walke out or any sicke persons come to you :
you will find strange effects of it for good in freedome
of breathing, &c. as I have done; if you lye w*'* it in
your mouth w*^out yo' teeth, as I doe, viz. in one side
betweene your cheke and gumms, and so turning it
sometimes on one sidfe, sometimes on y* other.

October 7, 1665: "None of our family hath beene
ill at all yet, through mercy: what with some imploym*
on Lords dayes, at at other dayes some times, in this
scarcity of ministers, many beeing dead, though more
fled: I am streightened in time, yet get as much time
to write to my friends as I can."

November 2, 1665: "My head aketh at y* present.
Y* Lord fitt mee for what hce intends towards mee.
Remember prima material

Allin, like Jeake, was an astrologer, and their corre-
spondence contains "accounts of those blazing stars which
were looked upon as so ominous." His astrological in-
quiries now excited apprehension. November 8, 1665,
he writes: "Through mercy I am yet very well, though
never without dayly feares, and truly not without cause,
if I either consider the will of myne owne hearte, or yet
if there bee any truth in y* language of jthe starrs; for

96 CLASS OF 1643.

Mars is comeing to my ascendant in my nativity, w**
was there lord of the eighth ; and in my revolution for
this yeare Lord of the Asc. ; and in his course of pgresse
and regradation hee will continue within the compasse
of my ascendant in my nativity till ist July next. I
had thought to send Mr. Jeake, the scheames, with y*
directions and pfections for this yeare for his judgment,
but I have not time now. . . . Send as much prima materia
as you can get gathered in r\ (scorpio), by itself; if in
iijt (virgo), by itselfe."

November 23, 1665, he tells Fryth: "The cold pinch-
eth soarely here, seeing that coales are above 40' p chal-
dron ; but ere long I must bee forced (if I live so long)
to a country climate ; I thinke it must bee Sussex ward,
but where I doe not know. If you can learne some
place for me, somewhat above five miles' from you,
with honest people, you may doe well to let mee know
of it, where I may also practice physicke."

Cooper states, that "on the 7th December, 1665, he
writes that he is about to get a provincial licence to
practise, and he hopes to obtain it, 'though of late they
are loath to make any so fully universall, but for 1 or
3 dioceses only;' and on the 2nd March, 1666-7, ^^
says, * I next week expect an universal license — ad
practicandum ; and this week I met with an offer to go
to Oxford with a friend for one year, to work in the
University chemical laboratory : if my friend take the
mastership of the work, I shall get his assistant.' He
failed, however, to obtain the licence from his scruples
about the renunciation of the covenant, saying on 8th
March, 1666-7, *-^ physitian hath nothing at all to do

' Probably in allusion to the "Five from coming, except upon the road,
Mile Act," which, under a penalty of within five miles of any corpora-
fifty pounds and five months' impris- tion or of any place where he had
onment, prohibited any Dissenting preached after the Act of Obliv-
preacher, who took not the oath, ion.

JOHN ALLIN. 97

Cither with abrenunciation of y* covenant, nor with y*
adopting of ceremonyes, and so I left them/ He then
went to Woolwich and practised without a licence, till
December 1669, when, the world having *gone very hard'
with him, he returned to London, residing near Moor-
fields; and I find little further trace of him."

July 4, 1668, he writes to Fryth: "Wee know not
what God is doeing but pdigious signes are here & there
frequent. A late private apparition & frightfuU to one
at W. H. {Woolwich) also at Dullwich neere Camberwell
this weeke was heard (by one Scot Justice of y* peace
& a woman to her greate afFrightm*) the noise of Drumms
trumpetts, neighing of horses & clattering of armes,
about 4. in the morning, the like noises also in N. E.
hath alarmd them as. I perceive by a letter from my
father this day; one other remarkable & mercifull pvi-
dence relating to them he also mentions w^^ was this,
that letters written ag"* the country to greate ones in
England, divers violent stormes, to the apparent danger
of ship & lives, forced the messenger to pduce them
(as Jonas once himselfe) which being viewed & throwne
overboard they had after it an happy & prosperous voy-
age, which accident is the 6th time y* letters ag** the
country hath from tyme to tyme miscarryed."

October 13, 1670, he writes to Samuel Jeake: "Since
my good freind Mr. ffryth dyed, I have not had the
happiness to receive one line from Rye neither know I
to whom to write to receive an accompt of my childrens
& friends wellfare unlesse your selfe will please now &

then to gratifye me One told mee this weeke y* Rye

was very sickly, I pray doe mee the favour as to afford
mee a few lines, by way of accompt how my freinds &
children stand in health or sicknes: I have beene in a
more then ordinary discomposednes to my buisines, for
want of any thing to doe whereof to keepe body & soule
7

98 CLASS or 1643.

together, & truely I haue beene very ill all this weekc
& this beeing my revolution day of 47 years. It puts
me to mind w^ hapened at 29. when I had liked to haue
marched ofF by y* small pox: what fitt of sicknes or
death attends mee I know not, y* will of God bee done."

Lamson says, AUin "frequently mentions his father at
Dedham, and speaks of letters received from, and sent
out to, him. In one of them, bearing date 1673-4,
he refers to his father's will,* — a copy of which he had
received, — and to measures he was taking to secure his
portion of the estate. He had an intention of coming
over himself to present his claims in person, which, I
have reason to think he never carried into execution."

Until the middle of the nineteenth century all efforts
of modern inquirers to trace AUin after he graduated
were unsuccessful. The discovery of his manuscript let-
ters, and the investigations by Cooper and Lamson, as
seen by the extracts which have been made, bring his
history down till after the plague, but fail to follow it
further. From documents recently brought to light,
however, it appears that he returned to America.

In a letter to Jeake, dated London, 11 May, 1680,
Allin's son John says: "My ffather was gone a weeke
before I came, and I have heard nothing of him since."
It appears from Whitehead, that previously to this the
settlers of Woodbridge, in New Jersey, after numerous
unsuccessful attempts to obtain a minister, had "turned
their eyes towards England, and raised their voices for

' "To my beloved first-bom son and lands and movable goods, to the

John AUin, now in England, — whom value of a double portion as aforesaid,

I have educated in learning, and, be- within one year after my decease ; to

sides, given him to the value of thirty be delivered to him, or to his assigns

pounds, — my mind and will is, that here in New England ; which double

the said thirty pounds shall be made portion with his other brethren I give

up a double portion, to be set out to my said son John Allin and his

unto him equally out of my houses heirs."

JOHN ALLIN. 99

help to *Dr. Burns and Mr. Richard Baxter/" In
July, 1679, letters were written to these divines, which
** Captain Bound," a trader between the two countries,
was requested to deliver, and to provide, if wanted,
a passage for a minister. "In September, 1680, Mr.
John Allen commenced preaching among them, and fifty
pounds was granted to him, and in November following
voluntary subscriptions were directed to be taken for his
permanent support." In December, 1680, or January,
1 68 1, the meeting-house, which had been raised as early
as May, 1675, "was actually floored." January i, 168 1,
the records say: "We the freeholders and Inhabitants of
Woodbridge having sent to England to have an honest,
able, godly minister to Come over to vs to preach the
word of God sinserly and faithfully — And Mr. John
Alin by the providence of God being for that End Come
amongst vs, and we having had Sum Experience of his
good Abilities: are willing and doe hereby make Choise
of him to be our Minister and desire to put ourselfs
under his ministry According to the Rules of the Gospel."
February 13 he was admitted a freeholder, and a house-
lot of ten acres was granted him. March 10, Seth
Fletcher, of Elizabeth Town, was visited by "M' Al-
len." May 24, 1 68 1, Abraham Pierson writes to In-
crease Mather a letter, in which he introduces "the
bearer hereof, M! John AUin, son to M! AUin of Dead-
ham disceased, whom the Lord in great pity and mercy
sent ouer from England the last summer, to our neigh-
bours att Woodbridge, in this Prouince, who sent to
England for supply. The Lord hath graciously looked
on the condition of that people, and sent a man to them
who doth industriously seek their eternal welfare. He
is, according to the experience we haue had of him, such
a one as of whom we haue reason to say, he is a faith-
full man, and one that feareth God aboue many; able

lOO CLASS OF 1643.

also to teach others. He is now intending a voyage
into your parts upon bussinesse. I hope he will find
encouragement among you, in his returne to the poor
people to which he belongeth."

In June, 1682, the society, which seems to have been
poor, manifested its interest by providing nails and
hinges for two doors and a lock for a third door, and
by "lathing and daubing'^ the meeting-house "as high
as the plate beams," all the inhabitants of the town who
had suitable implements apparently rendering assistance
in the "daubing."

"In September, 1682, a request was directed to be
presented to the Governor and Council to induct" Allin
formally into office, "in order that all the immunities
of the station might devolve upon him." After this the
records contain no allusion to him or to the meeting-
house till January, 1686, when, or before, his ministry
must have terminated, as a committee was then chosen
to negotiate with Archibald Riddell to preach. He sub-
sequently, however, appears on the records as a resident
of the town. He died before the close of the century,
but when or where I have not ascertained. The Rev-
erend George Clark Lucas, pastor of the First Presby-
terian Church in Woodbridge, writes: "After a careful
examination of the Inscriptions in the two Burying
Grounds, I am unable to find his name, and the infer-
ence is that he was not buried here."

The name of his wife appears to have been Smith.
He had at least three children, John, Elizabeth, and
Hannah, the youngest, whom, while in England, he was
at one time endeavoring to bring up as a seamstress.

WORKS.

I. Extracts and selections from manuscript letters, printed in
the thirty-seventh volume of the Archaeologia, published by the
Society of Antiquaries of London.

JOHN ALLIN.

JOI

2. William Durrant Cooper writes, 21 May, 1856: "AmcTog,*:
the MSS. which once belonged to Samuel Jeake, the well-known -'
editor of the Charters of the Cinque Ports, now in the possession
of Morton Frewen, Esq. are 190 letters written in the years
1664 ^o 1674 ^o ^^' Philip Fryth, a solicitor at Rye, and a few
to Mr. Samuel Jeake, by Mr. John Allin, sealed with the device
of a pelican and its young, or the death's head and cross bones,
or the arms, a chevron between three talbot's or leopard's heads,
and the crest a talbot's or leopard's head. Many of these letters
relate to the last grievous visitation of London by the Plague (the
history of which De Foe compiled). They are very interesting."
Manuscript copies of a few of the letters, which relate to New
England, have been furnished by, Mr. Cooper to the Library of
the Massachusetts Historical Society.

Authorities. — J. Allin, manu-
script letters in the Library of the
Massachusetts Hist Society. E.
Calamy, Account of Ejected Minis-
ters, ii. 693. W. D. Cooper, in the
Archaeologia, xxxvii. i. J. Fanner,
Genealogical Register, 15. E. P.
Hatfield, History of Elizabeth, New
Jersey, 207, 280. A. Lamson, For-
tieth Anniversary Sermon, 41, 49.

G. C Lucas, Letter, 1871, February 3.
Mather Papers, in the Collections of
the Massachusetts Historical Society,
xxxviii. 601, 602, 615. S. Palmer,
Nonconformist's Memorial, ii. 472.
J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
i. 40. W. S. Whitehead, Contribu-
tions to the Early History of Perth
Amboy, &c., 383, 384.

1644.

There were no Graduates this year.

CLASS OF 1645.

John Oliver, John Russell,

Jeremiah Holland, Samuel Stow,

William Ames, James Ward,

Robert Johnson.

JOHN OLIVER.

Bom about 1616, died 1646, aged about 30.

John Oliver, B. A., of Boston, born in England, was
son of Thomas Oliver, who arrived in Boston, 5 June,
1632, in the William and Francis, with his wife Ann,
and at least six sons and a daughter. He appears to
have been admitted to the church in Boston in 1633,
when about seventeen years old.

At the May session of the General Court in 1634
"John Ollyver" took the freeman's oath. "By this
time the fort at Boston was in defence, and divers pieces
of ordnance mounted on it"; and, at the same session,
"it was ordered, that there shalbe a. ward of two kept
eiiy day att the ffort att Boston, dureing the tyme of
any shipps rydeing there, ... to be ordered by Capt. Vn-
derhill; ... & John Ollyver [was] chosen corporall to the
said captaine."

September 6, 1636, when, according to Winthrop, he
could not have been more than twenty years of age.

JOHN OLITER. lOJ

"it was ordered, that John Olyver & Rob't Marten
should veiwe the land beyond Monotoquid Ryver, &
bring a plot of the same." From this time the records
of the Court furnish numerous instances in which Oli-
ver, called "Serg*" in 1640, but commonly designated
** Mr.," is ordered to survey or assist in surveying
lands, and in adjusting boundary lines between towns
and farms. As early as 1638 he was the principal sur-
veyor in laying out "the newe plantation" of Sudbury,
for which there was allowed to him "5 sh'," and to each
of the others "4*," a day for services.

At the session of the General Court in November,
1637, "S'g John Oliver, iustifiing the seditious libell
called a remonstrance or petition, was dismissed from
being a deputy in this Courte." This remonstrance re-
lated to "the opinions & revelations of M' Wheeleright
& M" Hutchinson"; and through fear that their fol-
lowers, "as others in Germany, in former times, may,
vpon some revelation, make some suddaine irruption
vpon those that differ from them in iudgment," fifty-
eight persons, among whom were "Capt John Vnderhill,
M' Thomas Oliver," who was the graduate's father, and
"John Oliver," were ordered, before 30 November, to
"deliver in at M' Canes house, at Boston, all such guns,
pistols, swords, powder, shot, & match as they shalbee
owners of, or have in their custody, vpon paine of ten
pound for ev'y default to bee made thereof"; and were
forbidden to "buy or borrow any guns, swords, pistols,
powder, shot, or match, vntill this Court shall take fur-
ther order therein."'

' It may be thought that I have in ther, Thomas Oliver, seem to point

this instance confounded the gradu- to the graduate as the person here

ate with a contemporary of the same referred to.

name. But the designation "S%" If it be objected that an act so

and the connection with his old com- obnoxious as "the seditious libell"

mander, Underbill, and with the fa- would have precluded the graduate's

I04 CLASS OF 1645.

February 16, 1639-40, "Mr. John Oliver" "the
younger," "Mr. Willyam Hibbon," and "Captaine Ed-
ward Gibon," were "Chosen & Deligated by y* Church
to goe to y* Iseland of Aquethnicke to inquyre of y* state
of matters amongst o' Brethren there, & to require some
satisfactory Aunswer about such things as wee heare to
be Offensive amongst y°" Winthrop writes, 24 March,
that they were sent "with letters to Mr. Coddington and
the rest of our members at Aquiday [Rhode Island], to
understand their judgments in divers points of religion,
formerly maintained by all, or divers of them, and to
require them to give account to the church of their un-
warrantable practice in communicating with excommu-
nicated persons, etc." The difficulty related to Ann
Hutchinson and the Gortonists. Oliver, as cited by
Felt, says: "At the Hand . . . they gaue vs satisfactory
answers." At Portsmouth "thay denyed owr commis-
sion, and refused to see owr letter; and they conseaue
one church hath noe power ouer the member of another
church, and doe not thinke thay are tide to vs by our
couenant." As "for our church," Mrs. Hutchinson
"would not acknowledge it any church."

Early in March of the same year, 1639-40, in the
Boston church, "a motion was made by such as have
farms at Rumney Marsh [Chelsea], that our brother
Oliver may be sent to instruct their servants, and to be
a help to them, because they cannot many times come
hither, nor sometimes to Lynn, and sometimes nowhere
at all." Considerable discussion ensued. Oliver's father
said: "I desire what calling my son hath to such a
work, or by what rule of God's word may the church

subsequent appointment as one of the change of sentiments implied by

the committee to visit the brethren such an appointment might have

at Aquiday, it may be said that he been regarded as peculiarly fitting

was not sent by the General Court, him for the mission,
but by the Boston church, and that

JOHN OLIVER. 105

send out any of her members to such as are not of the
church." The Reverend John Cotton answered at some
length. Two others of the lay brethren who proposed
objections were replied to by the Reverend John Wilson,
and the subject was then postponed. March 23, "Wil-
son made a full statement of the general consent of the
church/* whereupon "Sergeant Oliver/* signified his ac-
ceptance of the appointment in the following terms: "I
desire to speak a word or two to the business of Rumney
Marsh. I am apt to be discouraged in any good work,
and I am glad, that there is a universal consent in the
hearts of the church ; for if there should have been variety
in their thoughts, or compulsion of their minds, it would
have been a great discouragement. But, seeing a call of
God, I hope I shall employ my weak talent to God's
service; and, considering my own youth and feebleness
to so great a work, I shall desire my loving brethren to
look at me as their brother, to send me out with their
constant prayers."

Subsequently to the events which have been men-
tioned, Oliver, though he had a family and the pastoral
care of the residents at Rumney Marsh, entered college
and graduated. The career, however, which his friends
anticipated for him was soon afterwards brought to a
premature close. Winthrop relates, that in the spring
of 1646 a malignant fever, whereof some died in five or
six days, "swept away some precious ones amongst us,
especially one Mr. John Oliver, a gracious young man,
not full thirty years of age, an expert soldier, an excellent
surveyor of land, and one who, for the sweetness of his
disposition, and usefulness through a publick spirit, was
generally beloved, and greatly lamented. For some few
years past he had given up himself to the ministry of
the gospel, and was become very hopeful that way, (being
a good scholar and of able gifts otherwise, and had ex-
ercised publickly for two years)."

I06 CLASS OF 1645.

Hull writes: "1646. April 11, died Mr. John Oliver,
one of choice parts, endued with variety of able gifts for
the generation ; but God took him away in youth, to the
saddening of very many godly hearts and threatening of
the rising generation."

The inventory of his estate is dated "23. 2 mo, 1646."
In his will, dated "25. 6. 1641," and proved "11 (7)
1647," of which there is an abstract in the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, iii. 266, he mentions
his "house at Boston," his "bookes and geometricall in-
struments," and names his "deere & reverend ffathers
M' Tho: Oliver M' John Newgate,'' and his "deare brother
James Oliver.'*

He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Newgate, or
Newdigate, of Boston. Their children were: i. John,
baptized 29 July, 1638, died 1639; 2. Elizabeth, born
28 February, 1640, married Enoch Wiswall, of Dorches-
ter, in 1657 ; 3. Hannah, born 3 March, 1642, died 1653 ;
4. John, born 1 5 April, 1 644, married, settled in Boston,
and said to have died in 1683 ; 5. Thomas, born 10 Feb-
ruary, 1646, settled in Newton.

Oliver's widow married Edward Jackson, of Newton.
She survived her first husband sixty-three years, her
second husband twenty-eight years, and died 30 March,
1709, aged 91.

Authorities.— J. Coflfin, History History of Newton, 373. I. P.
of Newbury, 34, 312. S. G. Drake, Langworthy, Historical Discourse, 9.
History of Boston, 293 ; and Found- Massachusetts Bay Records, i. New
ers of New England, 11. J. Farmer, England Historical and Genealogical
Genealogical Register, 211 ; and Me- Register, i. 74 ; iii. 266; vii. 35. J.
morials of the Graduates of Harvard Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iii.
University, 33 ; American Quarterly 309, 311. W. H. Whitmore, Hutch-
Register, viii. 137 ; Collections of the inson and Oliver Genealogy, 25, 26;
New Hampshire Historical Society, also New England Historical and
iv. 69. J. B. Felt, Ecclesiastical Genealogical Register, xix. 100, loi.
History of New England, i. 454, 569. J. Winthrop, History of New Eng-
J. HuU, Diary, in the Archaeologia land, with Savage's Notes, i. 96,
Americana, iii. 172. F. Jackson, 328 ; iL 257.

JEREMIAH HOLLAND. WILLIAM AMES. IO7

JEREMIAH HOLLAND.

Rev. Jeremiah Holland, B. A., went to England
probably very soon after he graduated, as it does not ap-
pear that he ever took his second degree. He first settled
near London, but soon afterwards removed into North-
amptonshire, where he had a living of between two and
three hundred pounds a year, perhaps as an Episcopa-
lian. As he was starred in Mather's Magnalia, and in
the General Catalogue of the Graduates of the College
printed in 1700, he probably died in the seventeenth
century.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Ge- iv. 71 ; American Quarterly Regis-

nealogical Register, 343; and Me- ter, viii. 138. J. B. Felt, Eccle-

morials of the Graduates of Harvard siastical History of New England,

University, 35 ; Collections of the i. 543. T. Hutchinson, History of

New Hampshire Historical Society, Massachusetts Bay, i. 112.

WILLIAM AMES.

Bom about 1623, died 1689, aged about 65.

Rev. William Ames, B. A., was born in Holland.
His father was the famous William Ames, D. D., who
proceeded Bachelor of Arts in 1607 at Christ's College,
Cambridge, and subsequently became an eminent profes-
sor and divine in Holland. A contemplated removal to
New England was frustrated by the death of the fa-
ther in November, 1633, but in 1637, the son, with
his mother Joane, his brother John, and sister Ruth,
the last said to be eighteen years old, came over in the
Mary Ann of Great Yarmouth. On the 15th of No-
vember, in the same year, the General Court of Massa-

I08 CLASS OF 1645.

chusetts "gave 40^ .to M" Ames, the widow of Doctor
Ames, of famos memory." The family, consisting of
six persons, lived first at Salem; but the mother, prob-
ably for the purpose of having her son educated, afterward
removed to Cambridge, where she died during his last
year in college, and was buried 23 December, 1644/ At
the session of the General Court, 26 May, 1647, Ames
was made freeman. Soon afterward he appears to have
returned to England, as in 1648 he was at Wrentham,
in the County of Suffolk, where, i February, 1649-50,
he and eleven others organized a church on Congrega-
tional principles, he becoming co-pastor with John Phil-
lip, who had married his father's sister, Elizabeth, and
was then a member of the Westminster Assembly. For
many years he also preached part of the Lord's Day at
Frostenden. In this situation he remained till 1662,
when, for nonconformity, "he was ejected from both
the pulpits he had worthily supplied."

Samuel Baker writes, 2 September, 1684: "Mr. Ames,
the son of Dr. Ames is yet liveing, but strangely dis-
abled for work, by a weaknes in head, that he cannot
bear discourse, nor able to pray in his family, yet looks
well, eats and sleep [s.] so its said, he is a little better
than he was."

Calamy says: "He was a very holy man, of the Con-
gregational Persuasion, and in all Respects an excellent
Person."

His ministry extended over a period of forty-nine

* Joseph Weld, of Roxbury, by his ster & m' Eliotj to be disposed as

will, dated " Ipswich 2. 4 moth 1646," they Judg meet, only by this I recall

gives "To the Colidg In Cambridg the 20" a yeare back againe, w^** I

Tenn pounds to be payd In flue put to my hand to giue to Dr Ames

yeeres, viz 40* p Annum, to the helpe sonn ; yet If those fournamed Judg

& fertherance of such In laming as it fitt to give him the 40* p annum I

are not able to subsist of themselves, leave it to their Wisdoms." — New

& herein I referr my Say to m' Dun- Eng. Hist and GeneaL Reg., vii. 33.

WILLIAM AMES. IO9

years, including the twenty-seven years succeeding his
ejectment, during which he appears to have sustained to
his society the relation of teacher.

On his gravestone in the Wrentham churchyard is the
following inscription: —

" HERE . LYETH • INTERRED • THE • BODY. OF- WILLIAM AMES
(eLDESTSON.TO.THELEARNED. DOCTOR. AMES).TEACHER
OF . A . CONGREGATIONAL • CHURCH • IN . WRENTHAM • WHO
DEPARTED • THIS • LIFE • ON • JULY • 2 1 • 89 • AND • IN • THE
66 . YEARE . OF . HIS • AGE."

His first wife, Susan, admitted to the church at one
of its earliest gatherings, was buried 6 January, 165 1-2,
leaving one daughter, Elizabeth, who was married to
Robert Smith, described in the parish register as "Min-
ister of the gospel in Wrentham": probably the same
man who was ejected from Blythburgh, six miles distant.

January 26, 1652-3, Ames was married to Elizabeth
Wales, who was mother of Ruth and Phillip, both of
whom died young. After her marriage she was admit-
ted to the church, and against her name in the Church
Book her husband wrote: "fell asleep in y* Lord, Feb. 19,
1682-3."

WORKS.

A Sermon from i John ii. 20, on the Gunpowder Plot, entitled
The I Saints | Security, | against | Seducing Spirits, | or, | The
Anointing from the Holy one | The best Teaching. | Delivered in
a Sermon at Pauls before the Lord | Major, Aldermen, and Com-
monalty of the City of | London, upon the Fifth of November,
1651. I I By William Ames, M. A. || London. 1652. 4to.

PP- (6), 39-

Copies of this sermon are in the libraries of Bowdoin College
and of Charles Wentworth Upham of Salem. In the Catalogue
of the British Museum and in other catalogues it is incorrectly en-
tered under the name of the author's father

no CLASS OF 1645.

Although the title M. A. is affixed to Ames's name in this
sermon, as also by Calamy and Palmer, there is no record of his
having received any other degree than Bachelor of Arts at Harvard
College,

Authorities. — W. G. Brooks, i. 543. J. Hunter, in Collections of

Manuscript Notes. J. Browne, the Massachusetts Historical Society,

Congregational Church at Wren- xxx. 169. T. Hutchinson, Massachu-

tham in Suffolk, 11, 13. E. Cala- setts Bay, i. 112. E. Johnson, Won-

my. Ejected Ministers, ii. 648, 649; der-working Providence, 165. Mas-

and Continuation, 797, 798. J. sachusetts Bay Records, ed. N. B.

Farmer, Genealogical Register, 16; Shurtleff, i. 208; ii. 295. Massa-

and Memorials of the Graduates of chusetts Historical Society, Collec-

Harvard University, 36; Collections tions, xxxviii. 513. S. Palmer,

of the New Hampshire Historical Nonconformist's Memorial, ii. 443.

Society, iv. 72; American Quarterly W. L. Ropes, Letters, 187 1, January

clesiastical History of New England, alogical Dictionary, i. 49.

JOHN RUSSELL.

Bom about 1627, died 1692, aged 65.

Rev. John Russell, M. A., of Hadley, born in
England, was son of John Russell, glazier, who came
to Cambridge, Massachusetts, was admitted freeman
3 March, 1635-6, a month after the Cambridge church
gathering, removed to Wethersfield, Connecticut, and
afterward to Hadley, Massachusetts, where he died
3 May, 1680.

Russell began to preach at Wethersfield in 1649 or
1650, as successor of the Reverend Henry Smith, whose
widow, in 1649, ^^^ married to his father. February 26,
1656-7, the General Court of Connecticut desired him,
with Warham, Stone, and Blinman, "to meet the elders,
who should be delegated from the other colonies, at Bos-
ton, the next June ; and to assist in debating the questions

JOHN RUSSELL. Ill

proposed by the general court of Connecticut, or any of
the other courts, and report the determination of the
council." Contentions about membership, discipline,
and baptism had arisen in the church at Hartford, and
were increasing in violence and extending to the neigh-
boring churches, Russell becoming involved in them.
The Reverend Samuel Stone and the church at Hartford
undertook to discipline John Webster, the Governor,
William Goodwin, a ruling elder, and John Cullick and
Andrew Bacon, principal men in the church and town:
Stone and most of the church being inclined to Presby-
terianism, while the other party favored Congregational-
ism. The aggrieved members, "hauing long liued in
the fire of Contention," and finding themselves "scorched
more and more therewith," finally withdrew, and were
about to unite with Russell's church at Wethersfield,
when the General Court interfered, forbade the church
from proceeding with its discipline, and the aggrieved
from joining the Wethersfield or any other church until
further efforts should be made to eflTect a reconciliation.
As Palfrey remarks, "Stone stood upon his right, and the
right of his church, to regulate their own affairs by their
own discretion, and to execute ecclesiastical judgments
upon members of their ecclesiastical body without regard
to the offenders being the highest Magistrates of Con-
necticut." Several unsuccessful attempts were made by
the General Court and by ecclesiastical councils to heal
the dissension. For the purpose of settling the diffi-
culties, ministers and delegates from the churches at
Boston, Cambridge, Charlestown, Ipswich, Dorchester,
Dedham, and Sudbury, in Massachusetts, made journeys
to Hartford, some of them more than once, and this
when travelling in the wilderness was difficult.

Cotton Mather says: "From the Fire of the Altar ^
there issued Thundrings and Lightnings^ and Earthquakes^

112 CLASS OF 1645.

through the Colony ^ In consequence of the part taken
by Russell in this quarrel, the church in Wethersfield
became divided. Some of the members brought a com-
plaint against him before the General Court for joining
with the church in excommunicating John Hollister, one
of their number, without furnishing him with a copy
of the charges, or even informing him what they were ;
and Russell was reproved by the Court for violating the
usage of the churches. There was also a controversy
in the Wethersfield church as to their church standing,
some maintaining that they were not a church, because
they had never been organized according to gospel order,
or, if they had been, that by the removal of members
they had ceased to be such. In this state of affairs the
General Court ordered a council, which failing to effect
a reconciliation, the Court itself decided the question by
declaring, that, though many had removed, those who
remained constituted "y* true and vndoubted Ch: of
Wethersfield."

Early in 1659 ^ ^^ members of the church except
six, five of whom were not present, voted for a removal.
Russell thereupon drew up an instrument in the nature
of a covenant, which was signed by himself and thirty
of his church and congregation. Joining the Webster
party, they, with a few others from Windsor, April i8th
met "at Goodman Ward's house, in Hartford," where
they signed an agreement to "remove out of the juris-
diction of Connecticut into the jurisdiction of Massachu-
setts." They accordingly planted the town of Hadley,
whither most of them removed in 1660.

Their first place of assembling for worship was in a
hired house. December 10, 1663, "Mr. Goodwin and
John Barnard were chosen to seat persons in it Mn a
more comely order,' and it was voted to hire the house
another year." Their meeting-house, voted 12 December,

JOHN RUSSELL. I IJ

1 66 1, and said to be framed, but not raised, 7 November,
1665, seems not to have been completed till 12 January,
1670, "when the town chose the two deacons, the two
elders and Mr, Henry Clarke, to order the seating of
persons in the meeting-house. Every person seated was
to pay a part of the expense for making his seat. 128
seats for 128 persons, male and female, were paid for, at
3s. 3d. each. These 128 persons were heads of families
or at least adults."

To check young sinners, the town voted, 11 January,
1672, "that there shall be some sticks set up in the
meeting-house in several places, with some fit persons
placed by them, and to use them as occasion shall re-
quire, to keep the youth from disorder."

For defence against the Indians, it was voted, 19 Feb-
ruary, 1676, "that the meeting house shall be fortified
— and that every male inhabitant above 16 years of
age shall bring their arms and ammunition on Lord's
days & Lectures to meeting, and in default of the same
to forfeit twelve pence a man for every neglect."

Although there is no recorded agreement with Rus-
sell as to salary, at first, "it was apparently 80 pounds,
and he received allotments of land in Hadley, according
to a 150^ estate, or a homelot of 8 acres, and about 38
acres of interval land. After some years, the town gave
him, in addition, the use of the town allotment, so
called, which was estimated at 10 pounds, and he thus
received' annually 90 pounds." His salary "was paid in
winter wheat at 3s. 3d., peas at 2s. 6d., Indian corn at
as., and other things proportionally. The cash price of
wheat did not exceed 2s. 6d., peas 2s., and corn is. 6d.
per bushel at Hadley."

In October, 1664, Edward Whalley and William GoflTe,
two of the judges of Charles the First, and military
officers of high rank under Cromwell, who had come to
8

114 CLASS OF 1645.

America after the Restoration, and had been living for
some time in seclusion at and near New Haven, took
up their residence at Hadley, in the house of Russell,
who concealed and protected them as long as they lived.
On or about the first of September, 1675, while the
people of Hadley were engaged in public worship, either
on Sunday, or on a fast day which they were observing
on account of Philip's War, these men, from a window
in their private chamber, saw a party of Indians ap-
proaching from the north, evidently with the intention
of surprising the people while in the meeting-house.
Whalley was superannuated. GofFe, at the risk of dis-
covery, hastened to the meeting-house and alarmed the
congregation. In the general terror and confusion there
seemed to be no one to take the lead. "I will lead,
follow me," said the stranger, and they immediately put
themselves under his command. Some were armed, but
their chief reliance was an old cannon which had been
sent there some time before by the government. No
one, however, was competent to manage it with much
effect. The mysterious stranger directed the loading of it,
and they advanced to the attack. The Indians retreated
a short distance to a deserted house. The cannon was
so directed that the contents knocked down the top of
the stone chimney about their heads, and they immedi-
ately fled. The commander ordered his men to pursue
them. While they were thus engaged, he withdrew,
unobserved, and rejoined Whalley in their private cham-
ber. When the pursuers returned, their leader was gone.
His venerable form, silvery locks, mysterious appearance,
and sudden disappearance, with the disposition of the
pious of those days to recognize in any strange event
a special providence, led the inhabitants to regard their
deliverer as an angel, who, after fulfilling the purpose
of his mission, had reascended to heaven. They very
likely never knew who he was.

JOHN RUSSELL.

Whalley probably died soon after thii event, GofFe
surviving him. At the demolition of Russell's house,
near the end of the eighteenth century, "the removal of
a slab in the cellar discovered human remains of a large
size. They were believed to have belonged to the stout
frame which swept through Prince Rupert's line at
Naseby." This agrees with the tradition at Hadley,
that two persons, unknown, were buried in the minis-
ter's cellar. According to Savage, "both corpses were
buried in his ground close to the foundation of his house,
where, to contradict an absurd tradition of the removal
of the bones to New Haven, the authentic remains were,
a few years since, ascertained by removal of the cellar
wall for the railroad."'

Russell lived harmoniously with his people till the

» An anonymous writer in the Co-
lumbian Centinel of i6 September,
1829, in remarking upon an article in
the same paper of 22 August, respect-
ing the burial-places of the regicides,
says : *' I beg leave to state what is
known to me upon this subject. . . .
The main house of Mr. Russell was
taken down about the year 1794 or 5.
The cellar, which was under the back
part of the house, was not disturbed
until about 1800. I was familiar with
all parts of the house, from my earli-
est youth, and distinctly recollect a
large swell on the west side of the
cellar walL The inhabitants of the
town had always been much inter-
ested in the house as the reputed
burial place of Whalley; and of
course were particular in their ob-
servations when the building over
the cellar was taken down, hoping
to ascertain the truth of the report
which had prevailed, that Gen. Whal-
ley bad been buried in the cellar,
and afterwards disinterred. — Upon

removing the wall of the cellar, there
was discovered, directly against the
above-mentioned swells and about
three feet above the bottom of the
cellar, a quantity of broken stone,
and lime mortar. Directly over this
rubbish were found, lying undis-
turbed, and horizontally, a row of
flat stones, which were of suitable
length and width to cover a man's
coffin. Among this rubbish were
found, not a complete skeleton but
only a very few small bones, which
were declared by the physicians of
the place, who were requested to ex-
amine them, to be human bones. —
One, I recollect was said to be from
the knee, and one was a tooth which
I now have in my possession.

" These facts corroborate the opin-
ion that one of the Judges (undoubt-
edly Whalley) was buried in the cel-
lar of Russell's house, and afterwards
removed^ whether to New Haven or
elsewhere, other evidence must de-
termine."

Il6 CLASS OF 1645.

latter part of his life, when some of his friends became
alienated from him on account of the active part he took
in relation to the Hopkins donation, of which a por-
tion was appropriated to Hadley. The majority of the
inhabitants differed from him. After the final decision
in 1687, which was in accordance with his views, the
town voted him only seventy pounds annually during
his life, though, if he retained the use of the town's
land, which is not improbable, he received eighty pounds.
But no complaint from him, or notice of troubles be-
tween him and the town, appears in the records. After
his decease, his widow and sons claimed forty pounds
"for what was abated in the rate bills, several years,
without Mr. Russell's consent"; the town voted thirty-
five pounds, and the matter was adjusted to the satisfac-
tion of both parties.

Russell died 10 December, 1692. His successor was
Isaac Chauncy, H. U. .i693.

A summary of the inventory of his estate, taken at
Hadley 10 January, 1693, is on record in the Probate
Office in Suffolk County, at Boston, where his son, the
Reverend Jonathan Russell, of Barnstable, was admitted
as administrator 17 January. Among the items are a
colored man, woman, and child, valued at £60. After
paying the debts, funeral charges, expense of tombstones
for Russell and a former wife, and delivering to his
widow £106, most of which she had when she was
married, there remained for his two sons the nominal
sum of £830, of which ^305 in real estate was subject
to the widow's dower. The appraisement, however, was
considerably above money prices.

As Whalley and GofFe received remittances from their
wives, and presents from friends in New England,
Russell was probably benefited by them, and enabled
to give a college education to his two sons, Jonathan

JOHN RUSSELL. II7

and Samuel, who graduated respectively in 1675 ^^^
1681.

June 28, 1649, Russell married, at Hartford, Connect-
icut, Mary, daughter of John Talcott, and after her
death, Rebecca, daughter of Thomas Newberry, of Dor-
chester, Massachusetts, or of Windsor, Connecticut.

April 18, 1677, he wrote: "I had a very sickly winter
my selfe, being weakly and full of sore paine. . . . My
wife also grown very crazy, & fallen into a languishing
state so that I fear her recovery. . . . My son hath been
at home this winter; and beene a comfort to us." The
wife having died 21 November, 1688, he married Phebe,
born 15 October, 1643, widow and second wife of the
Reverend John Whiting, of Hartford, H. U. 1653, and
daughter of Thomas Gregson, of New Haven, who was
lost at sea in 1646, in the Phantom ship. After her sec-
ond husband's decease, she went to live with her son
Joseph Whiting at New Haven, where she died 19 Sep-
tember, 1730.

WORKS.

1. Manuscript Notes of a Sermon preached in Cambridge in
the Afternoon of 28 July, 1651, on Galatians ii. 20. H.

2. In 1665 he preached the Massachusetts Election Sermon
from Psalm cxii. 6: probably not published.

3. Documents, &c., in S. Judd's History of Hadley.

4. Letters in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, xxxvii.

Authorities. — J. W. Barber, Register, 250 ; and Memorials of the

History and Antiquities of New Graduates of Harvard University,

Haven, 50. A. B. Chapin, Glas- 37 ; Collections of the New Hamp-

tenbury for Two Hundred Years, 35, shire Historical Society, iv. 73 ;

37,46. Connecticut Historical So- American Quarterly Register, viii.

ciety, Collections, ii. 51. Connecticut 139. J. B. Felt, Ecclesiastical His-

Public Records, ed. J. H. Trumbull, tory of New England, ii. 191, 259,

L 288, 319, 363. B. B. Edwards, in 261-267, 673. N. Goodwin, Foote

the American Quarterly Register, x. Family, Introduction, xvi, xvii, xxxix ;

262, 270. J. Fanner, Genealogical and Genealogical Notes, 190, 330.

Il8 CLASS OF 1645.

J. G. Holland, History of Western xxxviii. 78, 80, 123, 135, 26a C Ma-
Massachusetts, i. 54, 58, loi, 128; ther, Magnalia, iii. 117. J. G. Pal-
ii. 216, 221. G. H. Hollister, His- frey, History of New England, ii. 489^
tory of Connecticut, i. 245. A. 507. C Robbins, Regicides Shel-
Holmes, Annals of America, i. 372. tered in New England, 24. J. Sav-
T. Hutchinson, History of Massa- age. Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 268 :
chusetts Bay, i. 216. S. Judd, His- iii. 591 ; iv. 518. £. Stiles, History
tory of Hadley, 11, 19, 50-58, 145, of Three ofthe Judges of King Charles
214 - 220, 336, 559. Massachu- I., 96, 109, etc. B. Trumbull, His-
setts Historical Society, Collections, tory of Connecticut, i. 294-309.

SAMUEL STOW.

Bom about 1622, died 1704, aged 82.

Rev. Samuel Stow, M. A., of Middletown, Connect-
icut, according to Savage, was son of John and Eliza-
beth Stow, of Roxbury, and, with his parents, arrived in
New England 17 May, 1634. He took the freeman's
oath in May, 1645, ^ short time before he graduated.
In 1653 he went to Middletown, Connecticut, where he
was the first and for many years the only minister, but,
as no church was then organized, he was never ordained.
November 9, 1659, the General Court chose a committee
"to goe downe to Middle Towne, to inquire y* nature of
y* troublesom difFerenc fallen out there, and to indeau-
our a composition thereof"; but "there appeareing such
vnsutablenes in their spirits," the Court ordered, 4 Oc-
tober, 1660, that the town should "haue free liberty to
provide for themselues another . . . minister," "the said
Towne glueing Mr. Stow Testimoniall L"," such as
*'Mr. Warham, Mr. Stone, Mr. Whiting, takeing in
y« help of y* Wor" Gou'n' and Mr. Willis . . . iudge fit,"
and in "y* meane time" allowing him "his vsual sti-
pend, he continuing the exercise of his ministrey, as

SAMUEL STOW. II9

formerly." On the fourteenth of March following, the
General Court, "haueing heard and considered the dif-
ferenc twixt y* Towne of Middle Town and Mr. Stow,
and their allegations and answers, doe judg and deter-
mine, that y* people of Middle Town are free from Mr.
Stow as their engaged minister," that they shall give
him "L" Testimonial, according as was drawen vp,"
that he "is not infringed of his liberty to preach in
Middle Town to such as will attend him, vntil there
be a setled ministrey there," and "that y* people of
Middle Town shal pay vnto Mr. Stow, for his labour
in y* ministrey the year past, 40/. w** is to be paid vnto
him by the 10*** of April next."

Trumbull says: "A committee of ministers and civil-
ians, appointed by the general court, dismissed him, on
account of the evil temper of the people towards him."
The dismissal occurred before the excitement caused by
the ecclesiastical controversy at Hartford had subsided.

January 26, 1676, by vote of the Council of Con-
necticut, "Mr. Stoe is allowed twenty shillings a Sab-
both for what time he hath been imployed in the sup-
plying the places of those ministers that haue been
imployed in the country service, which is twenty-foure
Sabboths."

In 168 1 he was invited to preach at Simsbury. In
May, 1682, there was addressed to the General Court an
"Humble Motion of Simsbury men," who, "having
knowledg and tryall of Mr. Samuell Stow in y* labours
of y* Word & doctrine of y* Gospel," and desirous of
his continuance "to be a Pastor & Watchman over our
soules and the soules of ours," asked the countenance of
the Court to their settlement in gospel order. Stow
was one of the two persons chosen to present the peti-
tion. But as his four years* term of service was drawing
to a close, he desired to know of the inhabitants "whether

I20 CLASS OF 1645.

they would continue him in the work of the ministry
and settle him in office amongst them/* As they did
not give an affirmative answer, he declined to be a "teach-
ing" minister longer than his engagement required. He
relinquished the profession, and lived in Middletown, a
retired and highly respected citizen, till his death.

In a letter to Nathaniel Higginson, H. U. 1670, dated
16 November, 1705, Judge Samuel Sewall, H. U. 1671,
writes: "The Rever** Mr. Samuel Stow of Middle-
ton, went from thence to Heaven upon the 8* of
May 1704. being 82 years old. I have rec** a very good
Character of him from Mr. Noadiah Russel Minister
of that place."

Stow gave a lot of land to Middletown for the pur-
poses of education, and it still bears his name.

In 1649 he was married to Hope, daughter of William
Fletcher, of Chelmsford, Massachusetts. He had seven
children, of whom John was born at Charlestown, Mas-
sachusetts, 16 June, 1650.

WORKS.

1. The Library of Harvard College contains manuscript notes
of a sermon preached by him at Cambridge, in the forenoon of
August 3, 1651, on I Pet. i. i, 2. i/.

2. In May, 1695, the General Court of Connecticut voted
thanks to him " for his great paynes in preparing a History of the
Annalls of New England."

3. March 2, 1703-4, Judge Sewall sent tp Nathaniel Higginson,
at London, Stow's Ten Essays for Conversion of the Jews, and
writes : '' I could not always resist y« Importunity of a Godly Aged
Divine just taking leave of us and going to the Court of Heaven.
Treatises of greater bulk & less usefull than this, are printed.
However if none apear to Multiply & perpetuat it by the Press:
Yet the pious Endeavours of a worthy Divine ought to have a
decent Burial. These Considerations will I hope prevail with you
not to take out against me a Writt of Intrusion. I knew not to

JAMES WARD. 121

whom to send it but to you his Countryman." After Stow's death
Sewall writes to Higginson : ^^ His Manuscript of the Jews is in
your hand to do with it as you see cause ; being well assured you
will do nothing amiss."

Authorities. — J. W. Barber, Statistical Account of the County of

Connecticut .Historical Collections, Middlesex, in Connecticut, 43; and

507. Connecticut Public Records, Centennial Address, 48, 147, 163.

ed. J. H. Trumbull, i. 343, 356, 361, N.Goodwin, Genealogical Notes, 351.

362 ; ii. 485 ; iii. loi ; and ed. C. J. J. Johnston, Letter, 1868, September

Hoadly, iv. 144. Contributions to 11, with extracts from Middletown

the Ecclesiastical History of Con- Records, i. 22. New England

necticut, 423. J. T. Dickinson, Historical and Genealog. Register,

Genealogies, 11, 15. J. Farmer, xiv. 134; xviii. 69; xxii. 390. N.

Genealogical Register, 277 ; and A. Phelps, History of Simsbury, 5a

Memorials of the Graduates of Har- J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

vard University, 41 ; Collections of iv. 217. S. Sewall, Manuscript Let-

the New Hampshire Historical So- ter Book. L. Shattuck, History of

ciety, iv. ^^ \ American Quarterly Concord, 240, 384- B. Trumbull,

JAMES WARD.

James Ward, M. A., was son of the Reverend Na-
thaniel Ward, who was settled at Stondon Massey, in
Essex, about twenty-four miles from London, England,
and, being suspended, afterward became the minister of
Ipswich, Massachusetts. The son probably accompanied
his father to New England, where they arrived in June,
1634. While in college, he and Joseph, son of the Rev-
erend Thomas Welde, of Roxbury, robbed in the night-
time the houses of Joshua Hewes and Joseph Weld, the
one in March, the other in April, 1644, of eleven pounds
in money and about thirty shillings' worth of gunpowder.
"Being found out," writes Winthrop, June 5, "they
were ordered by the governours of the college to be
there whipped, which was performed by the president
himself — yet they were about 20 years of age; and after

122 CLASS OF 1 645.

they were brought into the court and ordered to two
fold satisfaction, or to serve so long for it. We had yet
no particular punishment for burglary." A document
in the office of the Massachusetts Secretary of State says
that Ward was "whipped publiquely in the CoUedge at
Cambridge when hee was a scholer and expelled out of y®
said CoUedge." As he appears to have obtained his de-
gree, he must have made a confession and been restored.

He probably returned to England with his father in
December, 1646. According to Wood, his testimony,
dated 3 December, 1646, and "subscribed by Hen. Dun-
ster president, and Sam. Danforth fellow" of Harvard
College, was submitted 10 October, 1648, and he became
Fellow of Magdalen College at the University of Oxford,
where, in the same year, he was al$o admitted to the
degree of Master of Arts. November 14, 1649, ^Y f^vor
of Sir Thomas Fairfax, General of the Parliament's army,
he was created Bachelor of Physic at the same University.

He probably died before the close of the century, as
he was starred in Mather's Magnalia. It does not ap-
pear that he left any issue.

Hutchinson calls him Jacob Ward, and mistakes the
college where he had his Fellowship.

WORKS.

Was he the author of a Latin Poem in the ^^ Musarum Oxoni-
ensium 'EXaioqiOQia,** Oxoniae, 1654, and of another in the ^^Britan-
nia Rediviva/' Oxoniae, 1660, 4to, both having the signature
"J. Ward, A. M., ex ^de Christi"?

Authorities. — G. W. Chase, J. B. Felt, History of Ipswich, 72, 93,
History of Haverhill, 58. J. Coffin, 218. T. Hutchinson, Hist, of Mas-
History of Newbury, 41. J. W. sachusetts Bay, i. 112. Massachu-
Dean, Memoir of Nathaniel Ward, setts Manuscript Archives, xxxviii.
29, 118, 195. J. Farmer, Genealogi- B. 39. J. Savage, Genealogical Dic-
cal Register, 304 ; and Memorials of tionary, iv. 408. J. Winthrop, His>
the Graduates of Harvard Univer- tory of New England, ii. 166. A.
sity, 42 ; Collections of the New k Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, Fasti,
Hampshire Historical Society, iv. 78. ed. Bliss, ii. 109, 146.

ROBERT JOHNSON. 1 23

ROBERT JOHNSON.

Died about 1650.

Robert Johnson, B. A., was son of Robert Johnson,
who came from Kingston upon Hull, in Yorkshire,
England, and was one of the early settlers of New Haven.
The son went to Rowley, Massachusetts, where he had
an uncle, "and was said to be a very promising candi-
date for the ministry, and was to be settled there, but
died young." His will, dated "13 of the 7th mo. 1649,"
and proved in Court "the 26th of the first mo. [March]
1650," is recorded in the eighty-fifth volume of the Es-
sex Registry of Deeds. He states that he is "sick &
weake of Body But of perfect memory." After the
payment of his debts, he orders "that out of the re-
maynder of" his "goods somthing be distributed unto
the pore of Rowley according unto the Discression of"
his "Cosen Thomas Barker & Humfrey Reyner," whom
he makes his executors. "That which may remayne," he
says, "I doe Assigne it to be returned unto my father
Robert Johnson of the new haven." The witnesses to
his will were his executors and John Brock, H. U. 1646.
Other evidence of his early death is found in the fact
that his father, who died in 1661, mentions in his will
his wife and his three sons, Thomas, John, and William,
but makes no allusion to Robert. William, the brother
of the graduate, was grandfather of the Reverend Samuel
Johnson, D. D., of Stratford, sometimes called the father
of Episcopacy in Connecticut

Authorities. — E. E. Beardsley, als of the Graduates of Harvard Uni-
LetterSy 1869, July 12, August 30, and versity, 42 ; Collections of the New
1871, February 14, containing extracts Hampshire Historical Society, iv. 78.
from the Reverend Doctor S. John- J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
son's Manuscripts and the will of R. ii. 556, 557. M. A Stickney, Let-
Johnson, senior. J. Farmer, Gene- ters, 1869, July 31, and August 30,
alogical Register, 163 ; and Memori- containing copy of his will, &c.

CLASS OF 1646.

John Alcock, George Stirk,

John Brock, Nathaniel White.

JOHN ALCOCK.

Born 1627, died 1667, aged about 40.

John Alcock, M. A., was born in England early in
1627. His father, Deacon George Alcock, whose wife
was sister of the Reverend Thomas Hooker, of Hart-
ford, Connecticut, brought this son to Massachusetts on
a return voyage from England after he was settled in R ox-
bury. In his will, dated "22 day loth, called December,
Anno Domini, 1640," he speaks of "my debt of £40
to my Sonne John, w** I have of his in my hands," and
directs that "the halfe of y* revenue of the farme shall
be to eaducate my sone John in learninge, together w*'*
the wisest improvement of his £40."

The son, probably through the influence of his uncle
Hooker, taught school at Hartford, in 1647-8. He was
made freeman of Massachusetts 22 November, 1652.
He established himself as a physician in Roxbury, but
subsequently removed to Boston, probably before 1657.

In answer to a petition by Alcock, the General Court,
23 May, 1655, "doe order, that eyght hundred forty two
acors of land be laid out vnto the petitiono', as is de-

JOHN ALCOCK. 1 25

sired," etc. This grant, including both "vpland and
meadow," and still known as The Farm, or Alcock's
Farm, was located in the southeasterly part of Marl-
borough, "between the two Indian townes of Natick &
Wippsupperage." The plan, which was presented to the
General Court for confirmation 6 May, 1657, contained
two hundred acres more, for all of which he had "com-
pounded w*** the native Indjans and nerest inhabitants
betwixt Naticke & WippsufFerage " ; and the General
Court, in accordance with a petition which accompanied
the plan, • allowed and confirmed to him the whole.

November 12, 1659, the General Court voted to grant
him two hundred acres "in lejw of two hundred acres
he grattifyed y* plantation of WhipsuflTerage out of his
oune." Where this lot was located is not quite certain ;
it may have been on the western border of Northborough,
and subsequently added to that town.

Hudson writes: "He had other grants of land in the
neighborhood, one on the Assabet River then within
the limits or on the line of Stow, but probably at this
day within the limits of Hudson."

In a bill against "the Honourable Robert Boyle,
Esquire, Governor of the Corporation for the propa-
gation of the gospel in New England," dated at Boston,
10 September, 1662, is the item, "To Mr. John Alkock,
for physick to sick Indian scholars, pr. order, £7. 9. 5."

Alcock died in Boston 27 March, 1667, and was buried
at Roxbury on the 29th.

His will was dated 10 May, 1666. To Jonathan
Mitchel, of Cambridge, H. U. 1647, he left "in charge
his books and manuscripts to be kept for his sons, those
two that are desirous to be scholars ; also the Summe of
forty shillings to buy him a ring to wear for my sake ;
and to the Church of Christ in Roxbury the Summe of
three pounds to buy them a good wine bowl."

126 CLASS OF 1646.

He owned land on Boston Neck, at Dorchester, on
the Assabet River in Stow, and the estate known as The
Williams Place in Scituate, near the Harbor. He also
had property on Block Island, which was divided among
his heirs in 1677,

He married, probably in 1648, Sarah, daughter of
Doctor Richard and Anne Palgrave, of Charlestown.
She died 29 November, 1665, aged 44: "A virtuous
woman of unstained life, very skilful in physique and
chirurgery, exceeding active, yea very unwearied in min-
istering to the necessities of others: her works praise
her in y* gates."

They had nine children, several of the younger of
whom were born in Boston, but were carried to Rox-
bury to be baptized. George graduated in 1673. Sarah,
baptized 26 May, 1650, married Zechariah Whitman,
H. U. 1668.

In answer to a petition in behalf of the children and
the estate, it was ordered by the General Court, 15 May,
1667, "that Capt W" Dauis & Left Jn° Hull take the
best care they cann of the children & family, in dispos-
ing of them to such fFriends, or otherwise providing for
them as they may, and preparing all things concerning
that estate between, this & the next County Court for
SufFolke."

Authorities. — A.B.Alcott,Man- tions, i. 218. Massachusetts Bay
uscripts. J. Allen, in Worcester Records, ed. Shurtleff, iii. 377, 405,
Magazine, ii. 134, 139, 142. J. Far- 438; iv. (i.) 296, 463; iv. (ii.) 239.
mer, Genealogical Register, 12; and A. Morse, Memorial of the Morses,
Memorials of the Graduates of Har- 87 ; and Appendix, No. Ixxvii. New
vard University, 43; Collections of England Historical and Genealogi-
the New Hampshire Historical So- cal Register, ii. 104. T. Prince,
ciety, iv. 79. C. Hudson, History Annals of New England, ii. 4, 29, 64.
of Marlborough, 28, 33, 308 ; and Roxbury Records. J. Savage, Gene-
Letter, 1 87 1, February 15. Massa- alogical Dictionary, i. 21, 22. N. B.
chusetts Historical Society, CoUec- Shurtleff, Letters, 1851, April i, 5.

JOHN BROCK. 127

JOHN BROCK.

Bom 1620^ died 1688, aged about 68.

Rev. John Brock, M. A., of the Isles of Shoals in
New Hampshire, and afterward of Reading, Massachu-
setts, was son of Henrjr Brock, of Dedham, Massachu-
setts, who, in his will, dated "22* of y* 2^ m° 1646,"
says: "I doe ordaine Elizabeth my beloved wife and
my Sonne John Brocke to be executo"."

He was born in 1620, at Stradbrook, in the County
of Suffolk, England, and was distinguished for early
piety. He came to New England with his parents at
the age of about seventeen, "and here, no sooner was
he recovered of the Small PoXy wherein he was very nigh
unto Death, but another Fit of Sickness held him for
no less than Thirty Weeks together; whereby the Hand
of Heaven ordering thd* Fumacey prepared him for the
Services that he afterwards performed."

He was "received" into the church at Dedham, "giv-
ing good satisfaction, 3^ of 2* mo." 1640; and 18 May,
1642, he took the freeman's oath. In 1643 he entered
college, where he studied five years, till, in 1648, "he
entred upon the Work of the Evangelical Ministry" at
Rowley, where he may have taught school also. He
probably continued there several months, as 13 Septem-
ber, 1 649, he was witness to the will of Robert Johnson,
H. U. 1645, who died at Rowley.

In 1649 Mathew Day, in his will, made on the day
of his death, 10 May, says: "I doe give to S' Brocke
(my ould & deare. friend) all the Bookes I have which
he thinkes may be usefuU to him."

Though Brock had taken his two degrees, yet, after
concluding his labors at Rowley, he returned to Cam-
bridge, where the early graduates often resided and pur-

128 CLASS OF 1646.

sued their studies. He "Entred the CoUedg the 3 of
June 51," and was charged by the Steward, as "Mr.
Brookes," with tuition, board in Commons, and study
rent in the College from "13. 4. 51" till December,
1652, or later, the bills being always "Payd by the
P'sident."

It must have been as late as the date of the last of
these bills, and not "about 1650," as commonly stated,
that he went to preach and teach at the Isles of Shoals.

Henry and Elizabeth Brock both died in 1650, and
18* 8*'' mo. 1652, "Mr. John Brock" disposes of a
house and land, probably the same which he inherited
from his father.

In 1659 there was a recommendation to have Brock
appointed missionary among the Indians in Maine, as
he was said "to be expert in the Indian toungue and
fitly quallifyed for the purpose"; but it does not appear
that he ever engaged in that work, or had any inclina-
tion for it.

He probably continued at the Isles of Shoals till he
removed to Reading, Massachusetts. There he entered
the following memorandum in the Book of Church Rec-
ords, which was apparently begun by him: "John Brocke
called by the Church to officiate amongst them after Mr.
Sam. Haugh's decease at Boston, and dismissed to them
from Dedham Church, was joined to them the Lord's
day before y* Ordination and Nov. 13, 62: he was or-
dain'd, and y* Day after he was married to Mrs. Sarah
Haugh a widdow indeed."

He continued in the ministry till his death, 18 June,
1688, "after a Sickness of just Fourteen DaySy' having
before, according to Cotton Mather, "told One in his
Family, that he had besought this Favour of Heaven ;
To live but fourteen Days after the Publick Labours of his
Ministry should be finished.

JOHN BROCK. 129

Jonathan Pierpont, H. U, 1685, who was his succes-
sor, states that he went to his funeral on the 19th, and
"took notice that the good people much lamented the
death of their pastor. He was a man who excelled
most men in faith, prayer and private conference."

Judge Sewall, H. U. 1671, writes in his Diary: "1688.
Tuesday, June 19. went to y* Funeral of Mr. Brock
of Reding, a worthy good Minister generally lamented.
Was very laborious in Catechizing & instructing Youth.
Mr. Danforth, Mr. Russel there. Mr. Morton, Wig-
glesworth, Fisk, Fox, Shepard, Lorie, Pierpont, Lawson,
Carter, &c. buried between 2 and 3."

Mather says, his ^^ Goodness was above his Learning,**
and his "Chief Learning was his Goodness. . . . He wholly
devoted himself, unto his Beloved Employment; preaching
on Lord's Days, and on Lectures at Private Church-Meet-
ingSy and at Meetings of Toung Persons for the Exercises of
Religion, which he mightily encouraged, as Great Engines,
to render his more Publick Labours effectual on the Rising
Generation. His Pastoral Visits, to Water what had been
Sown in his Publick Labours, were also very sedulous and
assiduous; and in these he managed a peculiar Talent,
which he had at Christian Conference, whereby he did more
Good, than some Abler Preachers did in the Pulpit. He
was herewithal so Exemplary for his Holiness, that our
Famous Mr. Mitchel would say of him, He dwelt as near
Heaven as any Man upon Earths

Mather also recites several "Remarkables," of the
efficacy of his faith in prayer. During his ministry at
" the Isle of Sholes, he brought the People into an Agree-
ment, that, besides the Lord' s-Bays, they would spend
one Day every Month together in the Worship of our
Lord Jesus Christ." On one of these days the fisher-
men, of whom his society consisted, "ask'd him, that
they might Put by their Meeting, and go a Fishing, bc-

9 (Friated xtTi, April n.]

IJO CLASS OF 1646.

cause they had lost many Days by the Foulness of
the Weather. He seeing, that • . . they resolved upon
doing what they had asked of him, replied. If you will
go away J I say unto yoUy catch Fishy if you can! But as
for yoUy that will tarry y and worship the Lord Jesus Christ
this Day, I will pray unto Him for yoUy that you may take
Fish till you are weary ^ Thirty men who went caught
but four fishes; the five who remained went afterwards
and caught five hundred. "The Fishermen after this
readily attended, whatever Meetings Mr. Brock ap-
pointed."

"A Fisher-man, who had with his Boaty been very
Helpful, to carry a People over a River, for the Worship
of God, on the Lord^s-DaySy in the Isle of SholeSy lost his
Boat in a Storm. The poor Man laments his Loss to
Mr. Brock \ who tells him. Go homey Honest Many PI men-
tion the Matter to the Lordy you* I have your Boat again to
Morrow. Mr. Brock now considering, of what a Conse-
quence this Matter, that seem'd so small otherwise,
might be among the untractable Fishermen, made the
Boat an Article of his Prayers ; and behold, on the Mor-
row, the poor Man comes rejoycing to him. That his
Boat was found, the Anchor of another Vessel, that was
undesignedly cast upon it, having strangely brought it
up, from the Unknown Bottom, where it had been
sunk."

" Multitudes of such Passages . . . caused our Mr. John
Allin of Dedhamy to say concerning Mr. Brocks I scarce
ever knew any Man so Familiar with the Great Gody as His
Dear Servant Brock ! "

Though remarkably distinguished for his faith and
piety, it does not appear that he preached on either of
the great anniversaries. He was one of the seventeen
ministers who bore public testimony against the pro-
ceedings of the elders of the First Church in Boston in

GEORGE STIRK. I3I

relation to the settlement of Davenport. His wife, the
widow of the Reverend Samuel Hough, his predecessor
at Reading, and daughter of the Reverend Zechariah
Symmes, died 27 April, 1681.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Gc- Massachusetts Bay Records, ii. 292.

nealogical Register, 43 ; and Memo- Massachusetts Historical Society,

rials of the Graduates of Harvard Collections, vii. 251, 254; xxii. 312;

University, 43 ; Collections of the xxxviii. 571. C. Mather, Magnalia,

New Hampshire Historical Society, iv. 141. New England Historical

iv. 79 ; Farmer and Moore's Collec- and Genealogical Register, i. 244,

tions, ii. 296 ; American Quarterly 247 ; iii. 181 ; iv. 288 ; v. 124; vi. 74;

desiastical History of New England, Dictionary, i. 257. S. Sewall, Man-

ii. 248, 249. T. Gage, History uscripts. S. Sewall, in American

of Rowley, 16. Harvard College Quarterly Register, xi. 176, 190. C.

Steward's Account-Books, i. 17, 18. Slafter, Letter, 1871, January 21.

E. Hazard, Historical Collections, W. B. Sprague, Annals, i. 134. £.

consisting of State Papers, etc., il 403. Stone, Discourse on C. Prentiss, 15.

GEORGE STIRK.

Died 1665.

George Stirk, Starkey, or Storkey, M. A., appears
to have been son of the Reverend George Stirk, of the
Somers or Bermuda Islands, author of the Musae So-
merenses, published at London in 1635.

December 4, 1639, Patrick Copeland, an aged minister
at the Bermudas, writes from Paget's Tribe to Governor
John Winthrop: "I have sent you a small poesie of
one of our preachers, whom the Lord hath taken to
himselfe: hee hath left behinde him a hopefuU sonnejof
his owne name, who is reasonable well entred in the
Latine tongue. If there be any good schole and schole
maister with you, I could wish with all my heart that
hee might have his education rather with you, then in

132 CLASS OF 1646.

old England, where our company there have, by their
letters this yeere to our Governo' Capt Thomas Chad-
dock (who desires the continuance of your love), prom-
ised after a yeere or two to take charge of his education
with them, Hee is a fatherless childe, and of good ex-
pectation, if God sanctifie his spirit/*

The persons of whom Copeland writes I conclude to
be no other than the two George Stirks, father and son.

In a subsequent letter to Winthrop, dated "From
George's Prison, Christ's Schole, this last of the "j^ m"*.
47," Copeland writes : " I doubt not but you will afford
your grave counsel to George Stirke, whom both his father
and my selfe dedicated vnto God. I heare hee practises
physick. I ever intended divinity should be his maine
study."

August 2, 1648, the graduate writes under the signa-
ture "Geo: Storkey": —

''To the Wp^ M: John fVinthrop at his house at the Pequot

these.

"I heare you shortly intend to come to the Bay; if
by water, if you could spare any J* and S% I should
content you for it & rest ingaged. If you could spare
one or two of your greater glasses, you would doe me
a great pleasure. I wish, if you could find Helmont de
Febribus, I might borrow him of you, as also de Lithiasi,
also the little booke intituled Encheiridion Philosophise
restitutae, w*** Arcanu Philos: at the end of it. If your
Wp would be pleased to remember the keyes of the cab-
inets wherein your bookes are, I should count it an ex-
treame felicity once to have the view of chemical bookes,
w** I have not read a long time. Theatru Chemicu I
should chiefly desire. I have built a furnace, very ex-

' Antimony. * Mercury.

GEORGE STIRR. IJJ

quisitely, but want glasses, $ & t!. Mr. Barkly is
gone."

As additional to the evidence afforded by these letters
with regard to the parentage of the graduate, and that
he was from the Bermudas, it may be remarked, that
among the passengers who came to Boston in 1650, in
the vessel which carried contributions to the suffering
exiles from those islands who had settled at the Bahamas,
mention is made of "Mr. Stirk's sister,** and of Stirk's
classmate, "M' White's son Nat: wh:"

That Stirk remained in New England till he became
Master of Arts appears not only from the fact of his
having received this degree, on which occasion the can-
didate was expected to be present, but also from the cir-
cumstance that the title of "Mr.," signifying Master of
Arts, is prefixed to his name on a record that he received
£2 6s. 8d. of the disbursements made by President
Dunster. "Not long afterward he went to England,
where he became eminent as a chemist, and published
several treatises in English, "By George Starkey," and
others in Latin, having on the title-page "a G. Starkeio."

May 20, 1650, his name appears in the records of the
General Court of Massachusetts as a party in interest to
a petition of Elizabeth Stoughton, of Dorchester, widow
of Israel Stoughton, for the confirmation to John Milam,
of Boston, of a sale of "certajne lands, which, w*"* part
of the tidemills and other the appurtenances, is men-
coned in a deed between hir & Georg Stirke, hir sonne,
& John Milam." «

In the Interleaved Triennial Catalogue of the Rev-
erend Nicholas Gilman, H. U. 1724, is written against
Stirk's name, "Med. Engld. Died in y« Great Plague."

« If this "Georg Stirke" be the birth of his son, Governor William

graduate, it is obvious, though not Stoughton, H. U. 1650, became a

sustained by any known record, that widower, and married the widow of

Israel Stoughton subsequently to the the Reverend George Stirk. .

134 CLASS OF 1646.

In a manuscript lecture on Sir George Downing by
Charles Wentworth Upham, it is stated that Stirk '^ren-
dered himself famous, by his professional skill, during the
dreadful plague in London in 1665. His extraordinary-
knowledge of chemistry led him to the discovery of a
remedy which, if properly applied, was always 'found
effectual. He was the only physician in the city who
could cure the plague. As may be well supposed, he
was in such constant demand that his constitution be-
came debilitated by fatigue and exposure, and at length
the disease fastened upon him. His remedy was re-
quired to be administered at a particular stage of the
malady when the patient had passed into a delirium.
As he felt himself approaching that state, he gave the
most minute directions to his attendants in reference to
the mode of administering his medicine. When the
delirium had passed off he made inquiries as to the
treatment he had received, and found that an irreme-
diable and fatal error had been committed. He had
scarcely time to declare that he was a dying man. His
remedy died with him.'*'

A letter of the Reverend John Allin, H. U. 1643,
printed in the Archaeologia of the Society of Antiqua-
ries, and dated at London, 14 September, 1665, states:
"Our friend Dr. Starkey is dead of this visitation [the
plague], w*"* about 6 more of them chymicall practition-
ers, who in an insulting way over other Galenists, and
in a sorte over this visitation sicknes, which is more a
judgment then a disease, because they could not resist

" Upham writes, " For the circum- them to me when in his one hun-

stances in reference to his connection dred and first year. They had been

with the plague of London, and his brought to his knowledge by tradi-

tragical and sudden death, I am in- tion, which, when it reached him,

debted to the late venerable and however, was so recent as to have a

learned Doctor Edward Augustus very high degree of authority."
Holyoke, of Salem. He related

GEORGB STIRK. X35

it by their Galenical medicines, w*** they were too confi-
dent y* their chymical medicines could doe, they would
give money for the most infected body they could hearc
of to dissect, which y*y had, and opened to search the
seate of this disease, &c,; upon y* opening whereof a
stinch ascended from the body, and infected them every
one, and it is said they are all dead since, the most of
them distractedly madd, whereof G. Starkey is one."

WORKS.

ani Chronical Deseases. | | By George Starkey, a Philosopher

nude by the | fire, and a professor of that Medicine which | is real
aad not Histrionical. || London. 1657. i6mo. Pp. (16) The
Epistle Dedicatory To the Right Honourable Robert Tich-
burne. Lord Maior of the famous City of London ; pp. (43) The
Epistle to the Reader, dated Nov. 20, 1656; and Text pp.

336. ^•

Noble and Succeda- | neous to the Great Arcana. | | By

George Starkey, | Who is a Philosopher by Fire. || London, cds.
1658 and 1696. i6mo. Pp. xi An Epistle from a Friend of the
Author's to the Reader, signed Philanthropos i pp. iv The Epistle

136 CLASS OF 1646.

Dedicatory *'To the Honorable, Vertuous, and most Accomplished
Gentleman, Robert Boyl, Esq; My very Good Friend," sgned
George Starkey ; and Text pp. 172, ending thus: ^^From my Cham--
ber at the White Swan in Foster-lane. &r, / am Your real Savant
and Friend to my utmost Power^ George Starkey." jf.

3. George Starkey's Pill | Vindicated | From the unbarned
Alchymist and all | other pretenders. | With | A brief account of
other excellent Speciiick | Remedies of extraordinary Virtue, for |
the honour and vindication of Pyrotechny. || 8vo. n. p., a. d.
pp. 16. J.

4. Royal and innocent Blood crying to Heaven for vengeance.
London. 1660. 4to.

5. A smart Scourge for a silly sawcy Fool. 1664. 4to.

6. A brief Censure and Examination of several Medicinss of
late Years extolled for universal Remedies. Lond. 1664. {.to.

7. An Epistolary Discourse to the learned and deserving aithor
of Galens-pale. Lond. 1665. 4to.

8. Letter to George Thompson. Lond. 1665. 8vo.

9. Geo. Starkey's Liquor Alkahest the Immortal dissolvent of
Paracelsus and Helmont. 1675. 8vo.

Extraction in Belgia, and confirmed by the | Experience of. | '

George Starkey, who is a Philosopher by | the Fire. || London.
1683. 8vo. pp. [13]. jf.

This tract, with its title, occupies pages 137- 151 of the Collec-
tanea Chymica. It mentions "George Starkey*j House, in St.
Thomas Apostles, next door to Black-Lyon-G?«r/"j and the editor,
on page 151, states that Starkey lived there when this treatise was
written, "*«/ he dyed {as I have been informed) of the Sickness, Anno.
Dom. 1665. by venturing to Anatomize a Corps dead of the Plague
{as Mr. Thomson the Chymist had done before him, and lived many
Years after) but Mr. Starkey'x adventure cost him his Life, however

NATHANIEL WHITB. I37

tie Medicine truly made and prepared from Mineral Sulphur called
Sulphur Vive, may now be had of very many Chymists in and about
London, nay^ the difficulty in making thereof is not so great^ but that
you may make it your self if you please^ and if you do but wait the time^
and Opportunity to buy the Mineral Sulphur {not common Brimstone)
for the Mineral is not to be had at all times.

" The Process and shape for the Glass Bell, and the manner of
making and rectifying this Spirit from Mineral Sulphur or Sulphur
Vive as it comes Stone-like out of the Earth, it may be seen in the
Chymical Works of Hartman and Crollius called Royal Chymistry,
Cbaras*s Royal Pharmacopaa^ Lefebure^ Thibault^ Lemery^ Glaser^
Schroder's Dispensatory^ and many others.**

Authorities. — Archaeologia of lege Corporation Records, iii. 11.
the Society of Antiquaries of London) Massachusetts Bay Records, iv. (i.)
xxxviL 10. J. Belknap, Interleaved 15. Massachusetts Historical So-
Triennial Catalogue. H. Dunster, ciety, Collections, xxxix. 279, 353,
Manuscripts in the Library of the 359. J. Quincy, History of Harvard
Mass. Histor. Society. J. Farmer, University, i. 457. J. Savage, Ge-
Genealogical Register, 275; and nealogical Dictionary, iv. 172, 197.
Memorials of the Graduates of Har- C. W. Upham, Letter, 1870, July 7 ;
vard University, 46; Collections of and MS. Lecture on Sir Geoi^e
the New Hampshire Historical Soci- Downing. W. Winthrop, Inter-
ety, iv. 82. N. Gilman, Interleaved leaved Triennial Catalogue.
Triennial Catalogue. Harvard Col-

NATHANIEL V7HITE.

Died before 170a

Rev. Nathaniel White, M. A,, was probably son of
the Reverend Nathaniel White of the Bermuda or Somers
Islands, and afterward of the Bahamas.

The books of the Steward of Harvard College exhibit
an account current with White from 13 September, 1650,
till 4 November, 1653, and as it begins with the earliest
of the Steward's books now extant, it is probably a con-

138 CLASS OF 1646.

tinuation of the account commenced when he was an un-
dergraduate. It contains charges for commons^ sizings,
study rent, "Lent toward the building the gallery,"
bedmaking, wood ; the last charge, which was for " Com-
mones and Sizeings," being dated "9-7-53." To
balance these, he is credited, "21-10-50," with five
pounds in silver; "13-1-50-1 A lowed him out of the
publick accounts** four pounds, besides two pounds from
another source; and, "4-9-53," with "Paye by returne
of his study" and "of his gallery rome." These details
and dates show that his home was at the College from
the summer of 1650, or earlier, till the middle or latter
part of 1653, when he relinquished his "study." Later
than this I find no satisfactory statements respecting him.

As he is starred in Mather's Magnalia and in the
Catalogue of Graduates published in 1700, he undoubt-
edly died before the close of the seventeenth century.

William Winthrop, H. U. 1770, in his Interleaved
Triennial Catalogue, writes "Bermuda" against the
graduate's name; and Felt and Savage, probably con-
founding father and son, represent him as a preacher
in that and other places.

From a volume which was printed probably between
1646 and 1648, entitled "A Vindication Of the Practice
of the Church of Christ in the Summer-Islands," etc.,
by Nathaniel White, "Bachelor of Divinity and Pastor
of the Church," it appears that the author, with a wife
and child or children, went to the Islands about eight
years previous to its publication, and that the writer to
whom White replies speaks of him as "a man of a tur-
bulent spirit in the place where he was at Kingsbridge
near Westminster." The supposition that he was the
graduate would imply that, after having been a minister
in England, and receiving the degree of Bachelor of
Divinity, and preaching also some time at the Bermu-

NATHANIEL WHITE. I39

das, he nevertheless, with a family to provide for, en-
tered and went through Harvard College, and continued
his connection with this institution seven years or more
after graduating, — a supposition that requires no other
refutation than the mere statement of it.

Moreover, the church at the Bermuda Islands, which
was organized previously to 1646, being banished in 1650
or before, "went to one of the Southern Islands,
where," according to Johnson, "they endured much
hardship; and which the Churches of Christ in these
parts [New England] understanding, about six or eight
of them contributing toward their want, gathered about
800L to supply their necessity." The vessel containing
the contributions sailed from Boston "on y^ 13 of y* 3*
mo. And on y* 17* day of the 4*^ mo: 1650" arrived
at one of the Bahama Islands, called Cyguatea or Cigoteo,
but known also as Eleutheria, Eleuthera, Ethera, Ala-
baster, and the Bahama Island. Upon the departure
of the vessel for Boston, a committee of three persons,
Nathaniel White being one, under date of " 17 (5) 1650,"
**with godly and gratious expression returned a thankful]
acknowledgement," ' of which there is a copy in a volume

' This contribution was the occa- by y« hands of your faythful mes-

sion of a "retaliation,** as Cotton Ma- sengers M' James Pen & M' Abra-

ther would call it, of which I have ham Palmore ... a Moitie of that

never seen any mention except in this grace bestowed on us, viz. ten Tuns

letter. I reproduce it, to do justice of Brasiletto wood to bee disposed of

to the Bahamans by bringing to light by them (w*** y' approbation) as a

and perpetuating the knowledge of a stock for your Colledges use (reserv-

gift which, as coming from these re- ing so much of it as the ships charges

mote, distressed, and destitute people surmounteth the summe designed

to the College in its infancy and pov- for that purpose) not that wee would

crty, is peculiarly interesting, and hereby detract from your Care of it

which, but for the record here made but that wee may expresse how sen-

of it, might easily pass into oblivion, sible wee are of Gods love & tender

It is thus sUted : — Care of us manifested in yours ; and

*' Wee w''^ others y' received of y avoid that foule sin of ingratitude so

grace, have sent (as a pledge of o' abhorred of God, so hatefull to all

thankfulnes to God & your selves) men."

140 CLASS OF 1646.

of President Dunster's manuscripts belonging to the Li-
brary of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Upon it,
in Increase Mather's handwriting, is the following mem-
orandum: "The Messengers of y* Co. forementioned w*
y' mariners . . . came all in health to Boston y* 6* of 6"^
or August, & w*^ y" M' Painter M' White's son Nat:
wh: M' Stirks sister," etc.; thus incidentally estab-

lishing the paternity of the graduate, besides suggesting
the probability that the son improved the opportunity
to visit his father.

In the Library of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety is a letter written by Nath: White, from "Ouer
plus in Somer Islands the 12 of the 7th mo: 1664," to
Michael Wigglesworth, H. U. 1651, who had recently
visited the Bermudas for his health; but it contains no
such allusions to a residence or to acquaintances in New
England as would naturally be expected if the writer
were a Harvard graduate.

Calamy, among the ministers ejected or silenced after
the Restoration, mentions Nathaniel White, of Laving-
ton, in Wiltshire. Possibly this man was the graduate.

Authorities.— E. Calamy, Eject- Felt, Ecclesiastical History of New
ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 761. England, i. 577 ; ii. 19. Harvard
H. Dunster, Manuscript in the Ii- College Steward's Account-Books, L
brary of the Mass. Historical Society. 13. E. Johnson, Wonder-working
J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, Providence, 231. Massachusetts
313; and Memorials of the Gradu- Historical Society, Proceedings, 186 1,
ates of Harvard University, 46 ; Col- January, 144. J» Savage, Gene-
lections of the New Hampshire His- alogical Dictionary, iv. 512. N.
torical Society, iv. 82 ; American White, Vindication, etc., 53, 75, 80^
Quarterly Register, viii. 141. J. B. 9I1 139.

CLASS OF 1647.

Jonathan Mitchel, John Birden,

Nathaniel Mather, Abraham Waiver,

Comfort Star, George Hadden,

William Mildmay.

JONATHAN MITCHEL.

Bom 1624, died 1668, aged about 44.

Rev. Jonathan Mitchel, M. A., of Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts, son of Matthew Mitchel, "was born at Hali-
fax in Tork-shire in England^ of pious and wealthy Pa-
rents," in 1624. Cotton Mather, who, as the Reverend
John Eliot says, "never misses the opportunity of de-
scribing" his "wisdom," or his "admirable talents," calls
him the "Matchless Mr. Mitchel*^ and says, "while the
Father of Ids FUsh was endeavouring to make him Learned
by a proper Education, the Father of Spirits used the
Methods of Grace to make him Serious; especially by a
sore Feavour, which had like to have made the Tenth
Year of his Life the Last, but then settled in his jirm
with such Troublesome Effects, that his -^r»i grew, and
kept a little ient, and he could never stretch it out
Right"; thus ^^ steeping,'* as Mitchel himself says, "«ry
Jirst Entrance into Tears of Understanding, and into the
Changes of Life, and my first Motions to New-England, in
Eminent and Special Sorrows'*

142 CLASS OF 1647.

When "about Eleven Years of Age, . . . while he was
not yet recovered of his Illness," his parents, driven out
of England by the " Unconscionable Impositions and Per-
secutions of the English Hierarchy ^^^ "with much Diffi-
culty and Resolution carried him unto Bristol to take
Shipping" for New England, and being "delivered from
a most Eminent and Amazing Hazard of perishing, in
a most Horrible Tempesty*^ at the Isles of Shoals and
" Pascataquack," they arrived at Boston on the evening
of the next day, Sunday, 16 August, 1635, ^^^ landed
on Monday.

"Although the Good Spirit of God," says Mather,
"gave our Jonathan to improve much in his Holy Dis-
positions while he was yet a Youth, by the Calamities*'
which "befell his Father;' and particularly upon Occa-
sion of a sad thing befalling a Servant of his Father's,
who instead of going to the Lecture at Hartford^ as he
had been allowed and Advised, would needs go fell a
Tree for himself, but a broken Bough of the Tree struck
him dead . . • ; our Jonathan^ who was then about Fifteen
Years old, . . . does Relate, This Amazing Stroke did much

' It was the storm in which An- Concardj^ iht i2iiht^s ^ greater Af at*
thony Thacher was shipwrecked on /^j continually became ^r^yt^z/Z/r there,
Thacher's Island near Cape Ann. his Beginnings were there consumed
Thacher said it was ^ so mighty a by Fire^ and some other Losses befel
Storm, as the like was never known him in the Latter End of that Win-
in New-England since the English ten The next Summer he removed
came, nor in the memory of any of unto Say-brook^ and the next Spring
the Indians P — I. Mather, Essay for unto Weathersfield upon Connecticut
the Recording of Illustrious Provi- River, by which he lost yet more of
dences, 5. his Possessions, and plunged himself

■ All the "Family, and the Jona- into other Troubles. Towards the

than of the Family, with the Rest," Close of that year he had a Son-in-

says Mather, '*were visited with law Slain by the Pequot Indians \

Sickness^ the Winter after their first and the Rest of the Winter they

Arrival at Charlstown^ and the Scar* lived in much fear of their Lives

cUy then afflicting the Countrey from those Barbarians^ and many

added unto the Afflictions of their of his Cattel were destroyed, and his

Sickness. Removing to the Town of Estate unto the Value of some Hun-

JONATHAN MITCHEL. I43

stirr my Hearty and I spent some time in Endeavouring the
work of Repentance according to Mr. Scudder's Directions
in his Daily fFalk; nevertheless he had this Disadvantage,
that he was thereby Diverted from Study and Learning,
for the first seven years after his Coming into the
Country."

In September, 1642, in "the Eighteenth year of his
Age, upon the Earnest Advice of some that had Ob-
served his great Capacity, and especially of Mr. [Richard]
Mather,* with whom he came into New-Englandy he Re-
sumed" his studies, and in 1645 entered college. "He
had a Clear Heady a Copious Fancy, a Solid Judgmenty a
Tenacious Memoryy and a certain Discretion, without any
Childish LaschetCy or Levity in his Behaviour, which com-
manded Respect : ... So that . . . They that knew him from
a Child, never knew him any other than a Man**

During his collegiate course, he was so religiously im-
pressed by Shepard as afterwards to observe, ^^ Unless it
had been four years living in Heaveny I know not how I
could have more cause to bless God with Wonder y than for
those Four Tears** From a diary which he kept in Latin,

dreds of Pounds was damnified. A and much Internal Distress of Mind

Shallops which he sent imto the Riv- accompanied these Humbling Dis-

ex's Mouth was taken, and burned pensations. At last, that Most Hor-

by the Pequots, and Three Men in ribie of Diseases^ the Stone^ arrested

the Vessel slain, in all of whom he him, and he underwent unspeakable

was nearly concerned : So that in- Dolours from it, until the year 1645.

deed the Pequot Scourge fell more when he went unto his Rest about

on this Family, than on any other the Fifty Fifth Year of his Age.**
in .the Lsuid" Unhappy differences * Increase Mather says: ^^ After

arose between him and "some of the Mr, Mitchel was arrived in New-*

Principal Persons^ with whom he England, he employed his Son Jona-

had ** Lived in precious Esteem^ . . . than in Secular affairs \ but the spir*

and he met with many other In- it of the Child was strongly set for

juries : For which Causes, he trans- Learnings and he prayed my Father

fezred himself, with his Interests, to perswade his Father that he might

jinto Stamford inihe Colony of New have a Learned Education. My

Haven, Here his House Bam and Fathers perswasions happily pre*

Goods were again consumed by Fire \ vaiUd,^^

144 CLASS OF 1647.

Cotton Mather makes extracts to show his humility, his
private fasts, prayers, and meditations, and his efforts for
the religious improvement of himself and others. While
"in the Colledge, he would sometimes, on the Saturday ^
Retire into the JVoodSy near the Town, and there spend
a great part of the Day, in Examining of his own Heart
and Life^ Bewailing the Evils, which made him want the
Mercies of God, and Imploring the Mercies which he
wanted of the Lord : which Custom of spending Saturday^
he had formerly attended also at South-Hampton^ while he
was yet, but as a School-Boy there." It was from Har-
vard College, 19 May, 1649, ^^^^ ^^ "wrote unto his
Brother [David] that Golden Letter^ which was almost
Thirty years after, published in London^ at the End of
his Discourse of Glory ^

His "Extraordinary Learnings Wisdom^ Gravity and
Piety** occasioned applications for his services in the
ministry from "several of the most Considerable
Churches in the Countrey . . . before ever he had, by
one Publick Sermon, brought forth any of the Treasure
wherewith Heaven had Endowed him. The Church of
Hartford in particular, being therein Countenanced and
Encouraged by the Reverend Mr. Stone^ sent a Man,
and Horse, above an Hundred miles, to obtain a visit
from him, in expectation to make him the Successor of
their ever famous Hooker** There "he Preached his
First Sermon. June 24. 1649.);" and though he ^^ could
not speak with any Evidence^ or Presence of the Spirit of God\
so that when** he had done he "w^j deeply ashamed . . . and
could not but Loath** himself "/^ think how miserably** he
^^had behaved . . .in that High Employment . . . , in a Meet-
ing the Day following, they Concluded to give him an
Invitation to Settle among them:" adding, that, if he
wished "to continue a year longer at the Colledge^ they
would • • . advance a considerable Sum of Money, to

JONATHAN MITCHEL. 1 45

assist him in furnishing himself with a Library. . . . But
he durst not then Accept of their kind Proposals: For
before his Journey . . . Shepardy with the Principal Persons
in Cambridge, had importunately pray'd him" to return
free from any engagement, "as he did upon divers
Accounts most belong to Cambridge, and Cambridge did
hope, that he would yet more belong unto them."

August 12, 1649, ^^ preached for Shepard, who "in
the Evening told him. This was the Place where he should,
by right, be all the rest of his Dayes: and enquiring of
some good People, How Mr. iSlithtVs first Sermon was
approved among them\ they told him. Very well. Then
said he. My Work is donel" and died within a fortnight,
on the 25th of August. Mitchel received a unanimous
invitation to be his successor. Soon afterward he was
attacked with the small-pox, with which he was ^^Sick
nigh unto Death.** He was ordained 21 August, 1650,
"by neighboring pastors. . . . The Rev^ John Cotton gave
the Right Hand of Fellowship."

Increase Mather states that his brother Samuel Ma-
ther, of the class of 1643, "^^-^ the first that was elected
a Fellow of Harvard College in Cambridge; Mr. Mitchel
was at the same time Elected and Confirmed by the Inspec-
tors of the Society** His name appears as one of the Fel-
lows of the Corporation of the College in the charter
granted on the 30th of May preceding his ordination,
and before he took his second degree. The Corporation
Records mention a disbursement of twenty-six pounds
to him as Fellow, or Tutor, for three years.* He seems
to have been Tutor during that time, and Fellow while

' For more than four years, begin- the items with which he is charged

ning with "quarter day 15. i. 49," the are commons, sizings, study-rent,

books of the College Steward ex- bed-making, and "his Commence-

hibit an account current with " M' ment Chardg." He is twice credited

Jonathan mitchell fellow.'' Among with £^ "Alowed him for his fellow-

10 [Friatcd 1871, Apffl nj

146 CLASS OF 1647.

he lived. "Indeed the CoUedge was nearer unto his Hearty
than it was to his HousCy though next adjoyning to it.
He was himself an Accomplished Scholar^ and he loved
a Scholar dearly; but his Heart was fervently set upon
having the Land all over illuminated with the Fruits of
a Learned Education. To this End, he became a Father
to the ColledgCy which had been his Mother^ and sought
the Prosperity of that Society, with a very singular Sol-
licitude; but among other Contrivances which he had
fi3r the Prosperity of the ColledgCy One was, A Model for
the Education of Hopeful Students at the CoUedge in Cam-
bridge. His Proposals were, for Septennial Subscriptions
by the more Worthy and Wealthy Persons, in this poor
Wilderness; to be disposed of by Trustees (namely, the
Magistrates and Ministers of the six next Towns, for the
time being, with seven other Gentlemen by them chosen
out of the said Towns, of which any Seven to be a ^^-
rum, if three Ministers were among them,) who should
single out Scholars eminently pregnant and pious, and
out of this Bounty support them in such Studies, as
they should by these Trustees be directed unto, until
they had either performed such profitable Services, as
were Imposed on them in the CoUedge it self, or prepared
themselves for other Services abroad in the World. . . .
He did with an Accurate and Judicious Pen, shape these
Proposals. But . . . through the Discouragements of Pov-
erty and Selfishness^ the Proposals came to nothing^

Nathaniel Morton, in his New-Englands Memoriall,
says: "It was an eminent favour of God to that Church
[in Cambridge], to have their great Breach thus made up.

ship," also with ''wheatte," ''rye," than this there are no charges excq>t

''meatte," ''appelles," &c. On quar- for sizings, which, probably for con-

ter day, ''13-10-50^" he is ^debitor venience, he continued occasionally

by Commones and Sizinges and a for several years.
Super on his weedinge night" Later

JONATHAN MITCHEL. I47

with a man so much of the Spirit and Principles of their
former Pastor, and so excellently qualified with respect
to the CoUedge: for. Reason and Prudence requireth,
that the Minister of that place be more then ordinarily
endowed with Learning, Gravity, Wisdome, Orthodox-
ness. Ability, sweet and excellent Gifts in Preaching, that
so the Scholars which are devoted and set apart in order
to be Preachers of the Gospel, might be seasoned with
the Spirit of such an Elijah: In which regard, this holy
Man of God was eminently furnished, and his Labours
wonderfully blessed ; for very many of the Scholars bred
up in his time (as is observed) do savour of his Spirit,
for grace and manner of Preaching, which was most at-
tractive. He lived Pastor of the Church about Eighteen
years, and was most intense and faithful in declaring
much of the Counsel of God. He went through a great
part of the Body of Divinity; made a very excellent
Exposition of the Book of GenesiSy and part of Exodus;
and delivered many fruitful and profitable Sermons on
the four first Chapters of John ; and in his Monethly Lee-
tureSy^ which were abundantly frequented, he Preached of
Mans Misery by Sin^ and Recovery by Christ Jesus \ and
died in the third part of it, viz. concerning Mans Obedi--
ence in Christ: besides many other excellent Truths by
him taught upon divers occasions. In all his Labours
God was wonderfully present with him. He was a
person that held very near Communion with God; Emi-
nent in Wisdome, Piety, Humility, Love, Self-denial,
and of a compassionate and tender heart; surpassing in
Publick-spiritedness ; a mighty man in Prayer, and Emi-
nent at standing in the Gap ; he was zealous for Order,
and £iithful in asserting the Truth against all Oppugn-

" Cotton Mather says: "Vast As- highly worth their Pains to repair
semblies of People from all the unto that Lecture!*
Neighbouring Towns reckoned it

148 CLASS OF 1647.

ers of it. In a word, he was a man whom God had
richly furnished, and eminently fitted for his Work."

According to Cotton Mather: His ^^ Sermons ... were
admirably ff^ellSiudied. . . . He ordinarily medled with no
Point, but what he managed with such an extraordinary
Invention^ Curious Dispositioriy and Copious Applicaiiotiy as
if he would leave no material Thing to be said of it, by
any that should come after him. And when he came
to Utter what he had Prepared, his Utterance had such
a becoming TuneablenesSy and Vivacityy\ to set it off, as
was indeed Inimitable \ though many of our Eminent
Preachers, that were in his Time Students at the Col-
ledge, did essay to Imitate him." And "tho' he were
all along in his Preaching, as a very lovely Song of one
that hath a pleasant Voice, yet as he drew near to the
Close of his Exercises, his Comely Fervency would rise
to a marvellous Measure of Energy; He would speak
with such a Transcendent Majesty and Liveliness, that the
People (more Thunderstruck than they that heard Cicero s
Oration for Ligarius) would often Shake under his Dis-
pensations, as if they had Heard the Sound of the Trum-
pets from the Burning Mountain, and yet they would
Mourn to think, that they were going presently to be
dismissed from such an Heaven upon Earths

Soon after his settlement he "met with a more than
ordinary Trial." Dunster, the President, under whom
he had been educated, and a member of his church, "was
unaccountably fallen into the Briars of Antipadobaptism ;
and being briar d in the Scruples of that Perswasion, he
not only forbore to present an Infant of his own" for
baptism, but preached "some Sermons against the Ad-
ministration of Baptism to any Infant whatsoever." There
was great excitement. Mitchel "told the Brethren, That
more Light and less Heat would do better'* He opposed
the President "with a Prudence incomparably beyond

JONATHAN MITCHEL. 149

what might have been expected from a Toung Man man-
aging this Thorny Business** *^ though after one of his visits,
24 December, 1653, he admits that he ^^had a strange
Experience** and ^^ found Hurrying and Pressing Suggestions
against Psedobaptism, and injected Scruples and Thoughts
whether the other way might not be rights and Infant-Bap-
tism an Invention of Men \ and whether** he ^^ might with
good Conscience baptise Children^ and the like. And these
Thoughts were darted in with some Impression^ and left a
strange Confusion and Sickliness upon** his Spirit. Yet he
^Uhoughtj it was not hard to discern that they were from the

EVIL one:*

C, Mather writes that "iWUcftrt continued such an
Esteem [for Dunster], that although his Removal from
the Government of the ColledgCy and from his Dwelling
place in Cambridge^ had been procured by these Differ-
ences, yet when he dyed. He Honoured him with an
Elegy,** from which, "because it very truly points out
that Generous, Gracious, Catholick Spirit, which adorned
that Person, who wrote it," he makes the following ex-
tract, which is here printed as a specimen of Mitchel's
poetry : —

" Where Faith in Jesus is Sincere^
That Souly He Savings pardoneth ;
What Wants y or Errors else be there.
That may and do Consist therewith.

^^ And though we be Imperfect here.
And in One Mind catit often meet.
Who Know in part, in part may Err,
Though Faith be One, All do not see*t:

" Yet may we once the Rest obtain.
In Everlasting Bliss above,
Where Christ with Perfect Saints doth Reign,
In Perfect Light and Perfect Love:

150 CLASS OF 1647.

" Then shall we all Like-minded be,
Faith's Unity is there full-grown ;
There One Truth, aU both Love and See,
And thence are Perftct made in One.

" There Luther both and Zuinglius,
Ridley and Hooper, there agree]
There all the truly Righteous,
Sans Feud live to Eternity!^

Dunster, in his will, calls Mitchel, as well as Chauncy,
who succeeded him in the Presidency, his "reverend
and trusty fFriends," and nominates them appraisers of
his library.

Mitchel treated with hospitality and friendship, and
admitted to the Lord's Supper and to private meetings
for devotion, the regicides Whalley and GofFe, who on
the day of their arrival in New England, 27 July, 1660,
came to Cambridge, where they resided till the follow-
ing February.

In June, 166 1, Mitchel was of the committee ap-
pointed to meet immediately after the adjournment of
the General Court, "to consider & debate such matter
or thing of publicke concernment touching our pattent,
lawes, priviledges, & duty to his maj*^ as they in theire
wisdome shall judge most expedient," and report the
esult at the next session.

He was a very influential member of the Synod which
met at Boston in 1662 to discuss and settle certain points
in relation to church membership and church discipline;
and the Result of the Synod was written chiefly by him.
The determination of the question relating to the bap-
tism of children of non-communicants, and the support
thus given to what was called the Half-Way Covenant,
were more owing to him than to any other person.

October 8, 1662, the General Court appointed him

JONATHAN MITCHEL. I5I

and Captain Daniel Gookin licensers of the press.
**Hauing ordered the printing of the result of the Sy-
nod," they also recommended, "that M' Mitchell doe
take the ouersight of the same at the presse, for the
pventing of any errata"." August 3, 1664, he, Francis
Willoughby, and Major-General John Leverett were
appointed a committee to draw up, and present to the
General Court for their approbation, a humble "petition
to his majesty for the contjnuance" of the "priuiledges
granted by charter." He wrote the petition. In eccle-
siastical councils to which he was frequently called, and
in weighty cases in which the General Court often con-
sulted the clergy, "the Sense and Hand of no Man, was
relied more upon than His^ for the Exact Result of all."

Richard Baxter said of Mitchel, " That if there could be
Convened an Oecumenical Council of the whole Christian Worlds
that Man would be worthy to be the Moderator of it'*
President Chauncy, though older and opposed to him
in the synod, "in the very Heat and Heighth of all the
Controversie . . . would commonly say of him, / know no
Man in this Worlds that I could envy so much^ as Worthy
Mr. Mitchel, for the Great Holiness^ Learnings Wisdom and
MeeknesSy and other Slualities of an Excellent Spirit ^ with
which the Lord Jesus Christ hath adorned him'*

Increase Mather, who was intimately acquainted with
him, says : " He was blessed with admiral Natural {as well
as acquired) Parts. His Judgment was solid^ deepy and pen-
etrating \ his Memory was strong and vastly Capacious. He
wrote his Sermons very largely y' and then used "w/VA
inlargements to commit all to his Memory without once looking
into his Bible after he had named his Text, and yet his Sermons
were Scriptural.*'

According to Hubbard, "he was an over hard student,
such an heluo librorum that he could spare no time for
recreation, but only for necessary repast, by which it

152 CLASS OF 1647.

was thought he much prejudiced his health." Cotton
Mather says, that he "had from a Principle of Godliness^
used himself to Bodily Exercise \ nevertheless he found it
would not wholly free him from an ill Habit of Body.
Of extream Lean^ he soon grew extream Fat\ and at
last, in an extream hot Season, . . . just after he had been
Preaching on those Words, / know that thou wilt bring
me to Deaths and unto the House appointed for all the Liv-
ingy* a putrid Fever arrested him, at first without seem-
ing to "threaten his Death," but "suddenly assaulting
him with a Mortal Malignity," "it pleased God," says
Morton, "upon the Ninth of July^ 1668. in a hot and
burning season, (but much more hot in the Heat of
Gods Anger to New-England) to take him to Rest and
Glory, about the 43 year of his Age," — in the words
of Hull, "the chief remaining pillar of our ministry."

Increase Mather says he ^^ never knew any death that
caused so great a Mourning and Lamentation generally ; He
was greatly loved and honoured throughout all the Churches^
as well as in Cambridge, and admired by the most compe-
tent judges of real worths

The universal sentiment and grief were expressed in
several quaint epitaphs like the following: —

"An Epitaph upon the deplored Death of that Super-
eminent Minister of the Gospel, Mr. yonatlian Mitchel

"TJEre lyes the Darling of his time,
XTX Mitchell, Expired in his prime \
Who four years short of Fourty seven
Was found full Ripe, and pluck d for Heaven.
Was full of prudent Zeal, and Love,
Faith, Patience, Wisdomey>^?w above:
New-England's Stay, next Ages Story ;
The Churches Gemme\ the CoUedge Glory.
Angels may speak him \ Ah ! not I,
( Whose WortKs above Hyperbole)

JONATHAN MITCHEL. 1 53

But for our Loss, wei^t in my power^
rde weep an Everlasting Shower.

"J. S."
[John Sherman ?]

"Epitaphium.

"TJEre lyes within this Comprehensive Span,
XA The Churcfies, Courts, and Countries Jonathan.
He that speaks Mitchell, gives the Schools the Lie ;
Friendship in Him gaitid an Ubiquity.

" Vivet post Funera Virtus. F. D."

[F. Drake.]

Mitchel was succeeded in the ministry by Urian Oakes,
H. U. 1649.

Mitchel's union with Sarah, daughter of the Reverend
John Cotton, having been prevented by her death, "the
young Gentlewoman, whom his Predecessor had married
a little before his Decease, He now also married upon the
General Recommendations of that Widow unto him; and
the EpithalamiumSy which the Students of the CoUedge
then Celebrated that Marriage withal, were expressive of
the Satisfaction, which it gave unto all the Good people
in the Vicinity." The marriage took place 19 Novem-
ber, 1650. May 22, 1651, the General Court confirmed
a deed "bearinge date the twenty-eighth of the eleuenth
last past, wherein is convayed to M*" Jonathan Michell,
now husband of Margrett, the relict of the sd M' Sheap-
heard, a dwellinge howse,* yards, orchards, & seuen acors
of land adjoyninge therevnto, in behalfe of his sd wife."

The inventory of his estate was J6786. 17. 9.

His sons, of whom Samuel graduated in 1681 and
Jonathan in 1687, left no posterity. His daughter Mar-

' The house occupied by these two Holyokc Street. The west end of
divines was within the limits of the Boylston Hall stands on a part of the
present College yard, nearly opposite land.

154 CLASS OF 1647.

garet married Major Stephen Sewall, of Salem, 12 June,
1682, and had a numerous offspring.

WORKS.

I Both, by that Eminent and Worthy Mi- | nister of the

Gospel, Mr. Jonathan | Mitchil, | late Pastor to the Church | at
Cambridge in New-England. || London. 1677. 8vo. Pp. (11)
To the Reader, signed John Collins; pp. 263 Text; and pp.
21 A Letter written by the Author to his Friend in New-Eng-
land, dated ^^From Harvard CoUedge in Cambridge. May 19.
1649." i/, W.

These ** Sermons," says Cotton Mather, *' (carefully Tran-
scribed, and so Transmitted by Captain Laurence Hammond of
Cbarlstmvn^ to whose Cares about it the Church is now beholden
for this Treasure), were by some surviving Friends printed at
London**

The same. The Second Edition with a Preface by Increase
Mather, D. D. Boston. 1722. i2mo. Pp. viii A Preface, dated
Boston. October 15th. 1722; pp. 10 To the Reader, signed John
Collins. June 29. 1677; pp. 270 Text; pp. 271-291 A Letter,
etc. ; p. I Advertisement. A^ Af, P, W.

2. Mr. I MitchePs | Letter | to | his Brother. || Boston, n. d.
i2mo. Pp. 17 signed "J. M.," etc.; pp. 17-21 being The Life
of Faith, signed "J. E.," Guilford, May 18, 1664; and p. 19 the
Rev. Mr. KillinghalPs lines on the foregoing Letter. M.

The same. n. p., n. d. i2mo. Pp. 18 Text; pp. 19-22
John Eliot's Letter to his Brother, Mr. Benjamin Eliot of Rox-
bury, Carefully Corrected from Five several Manuscripts: By
Thomas Prince. Being an Answer to the Question, How to live
in the World, so as to live in Heaven; p. (23) Killinghall's
Lines. A,

Mitchel's Letter is the same which was first printed with his
Discourse on the Glory, etc. Cotton Mather says, '*It has
been Reckoned one of the most Consummate Pieces^ in the Methods
of Addressing a Troubled Mind**

3. Manuscript Notes of Sermons preached by Mitchel in
1651. H.

JONATHAN MITCHEL. 1 55

4. The Church of Christ at Cambridge, in N. E., or, the
Names of all the Members thereof that are in Full Communion ;
together with their children who were either baptized in this
Church, or (coming from other churches) were in their minority
at their parents joyning; taken and registered in the 11. month,
1658. H, M.

This document, in the handwriting of Mitchel, was found in
18 15, by Abiel Holmes, in the Prince collection of manuscripts,
and is printed in W. Newell's Discourse on the Church Gathering
in 1636.

5. Elegy on President Henry Dunster, printed in C. Mather's
Life of Mitchel, page 70, and in the Magnalia, iv. 175. /f. My W.

6. The Epistle "To the Reader, And Especially to the Inhab-
itants of Cambridge in New England," prefixed to Thomas Shep-
ard's Parable of the Ten Virgins. //, AT, P, W,

This tract constitutes pages 1-5 of Elijah's Mantle.

8. Propositions | concerning the | Subject of Baptism | and |
Consociation of Churches, | Collected and Confirmed out of the
Word of God, | By a | Synod of Elders | and | Messengers of the
Churches | in Massachusets-Colony in New-England. | Assem-
bled at Boston, according to Appointment of the | Honoured Gen-
eral Court, I In the Year 1662. || Cambridge. 1662. 4to. Pp. 14
Preface to the Christian Reader j pp. 32 Text. Anonymous. P.

'*The Result of the Synod," Mather says, iv. 177, **was chiefly
of his [Mitchel's] Composure, and when a most Elaborate Answer
to that Result was published by some very worthy Persons, that
were then Dissenters^ the Hardest Service in the Defence was as-
signed unto him." Increase Mather ^^Surrendered himself a glad
Captive" to the "Truth so Victoriously cleared by Mr. Mitchel,"
and published two ** Treatises, in Defence of the Synodical Propo--
sithns"

{The Subject of Baptism, |
and I
Consociation of Churches. |

156 CLASS OF 1647.

Richard Mather] | Set before that Essay. | | By some of the

Elders, who were Members of the | Synod above mentioned. || Cam-
bridge. 1664. 4to. pp. 46, 102. P.

Of this work the first 46 pages, designated *' Answer," on the
title-page, were by Mitchel.

10. Nehemiah | on the | Wall | in | Troublesom Times ; | or, |
A Serious and Seasonable Improvement of that great | Example of
Magistratical Piety and Prudence, Self-denial | and Tenderness,
Fearlessness and Fidelity, unto In- | struction and Encouragement
of present and | succeeding Rulers in our Israel. | As it was deliv-
ered in a Sermon Preached at | Boston in N. E. May 15. 1667.
being the | Day of Election | there. || Cambridge : Printed by S. G.
and M. J. 167 1. 4to. Pp. (2) Christian Reader, signed J. S.
[John Sherman] ; pp. 34 Text. i/, Af, P.

11. A Letter concerning the Subject of Baptisme, written by
that eminent Minister of Christ Mr. lonathan Mitchel, late Pastor
of the Church in Cambridg in New England. Dated Cambridg.
December. 26. 1667. 4to. pp. 2-7. Printed in the Postscript
of I. Mather's First Principles of New England. -//, P.

Authorities. — Congregational xvi. 605. J. Hull, Diary in the Ar-
Quarterly, x. 37. £. A. & G. L. chaeologia Americana, iii. 213, 227.
Duyckinck, Cyclopaedia of American J. Josselyn, Account of Two Voyages
Literature, i. 46. J. Eliot, in Col- to New England, 276. Massachu-
lections of the Massachusetts His- setts Bay Records, iii. 195, 225, 419 ;
torical Society, xi. 205. J. Farmer, iv. (i.) 13, 43, 280; iv. (ii.) 24, 27, 62,
Genealogical Register, 197 ; and Me- 74, 92, 119, 141. C. Mather, Life
morials of the Graduates of Harvard of Mitchel; and Magnalia, iv. 158,
University, 47; American Quarterly 166; Life of L Mather, 53. I. Ma-
Register, viii. 142. Harvard Col- ther. Preface to J. Mitchel's Discourse
lege Steward's Account-Books, L 5 - 6. of the Glory to which God hath called
A. Holmes, History of Cambridge, Believers, 2d ed., 1722; and to Oakes's
27, 30, 47 ; and Collections of the Seasonable Discourse. R- Mather,
Massachusetts Historical Society, vii. Journal in Young's Chronicles of the
27, 30, 47 ; Annals of America, i. 35a First Planters of Massachusetts Bay,
W. Hubbard, General History of 445. N.Morton, New Englands Me-
New England, in Collections of the moriall, 190-196. W. Newell, Ded-
Massachusetts Historical Society, ication Sermon, 10, 16 ; and Church

NATHANIEL MATHER. 1 57

Gathering, 51. J. Quincy, History the American Pulpit, i. 135. C. W.

of Harvard University,!. 18, 22, 119, Upham, Salem Witchcraft, i. 434,

129, 456, 589. J. Savage, Genealogi- 437. J. Winthrop, Hist, of New Eng-

cal Dictionary, iii. 220. S. Sewall, land, i. 142, 165. A. Young, Chron-

in American Quarterly Register, xi. icles of the First Planters of the Col-

1749 17^ W. B. Sprague, Annals.of ony of Massachusetts Bay, 454, 486.

NATHANIEL MATHER.

Born 1630^ died 1697, aged (jtj.

Rev. Nathaniel Mather, M. A., brother of Samuel
Mather, H. U. 1643, was born 20-30 March, 1630, in
Lancashire, England. In April, 1635, being then five
years old, he was brought in one side of a pannier, and
Mary Glover, afterward the second wife of Governor
Thomas Hinckley, of Barnstable, in the other side, from
Toxteth to Bristol, whence he accompanied his father,
the Reverend Richard Mather, to Boston, where he
landed 17 August, 1635, after encountering on the coast
the terrible storm referred to in the notices of his brother,
Samuel Mather, and of his classmate, Jonathan Mitchel>
who were his fellow-passengers.

Immediately after he was admitted to the degree of
Master of Arts he returned to his native country. From
London he writes, 23 March, 1650-1, to John Rogers,
H. U. 1649, at Ipswich, Massachusetts: "The naked
truth is, here is great incouragem* for any to come over,
especially such as designe themselves for the ministry,
or whatsoever else they bee, I think they need not much
to question living here, for it is with the honestest on
both sides a matter of high account to have been a
New-Englishman. . . . For inlarging to particulars of in-
couragem* I cannot at p'sent because as yet, I know not

I5& CLASS OF 1647.

the state of the nacon so well as I hope to doe before
summer is ended." December 23, 1651 (?): "'Tis a
nocon of mighty great and high respect to have been a
New-English man, 'tis enough to gayne a man very much
respect yea almost any preferm*/'

In 1655 he was appointed to "the Living of Harber-
ton near TotnesSy* in the southern part of Devonshire,
and was some time there as "Assistant to Mr. George
Mortimer'* In 1656 he was presented by Cromwell to
the Living of Barnstaple, on the river Taw, in the north
part of Devonshire. From this situation he was ejected
in 1662 by the same Act which prohibited his brother
Samuel from preaching. He then went to Holland, and
was employed as minister of the English congregation
at Rotterdam. He returned to England, and upon the
death, in 1671, of his brother, Samuel Mather, suc-
ceeded him as pastor of a congregational church in
Dublin.

When New England was devastated by King Philip's
War, he was active in procuring the "releife sent. . . by
the Good ship . . . Katherine of Dublin";' and he is
the first of the eight who signed the directions, dated
"Dublin Augt 7th 1676," that, after payment of the
freight, "the remainder be given to the poor distressed
by the late warr with the Indians; wherein," they say,
"wee desire that an equall respect bee had to all godly
psons agreeing in fundamentals of faith & order though
differing about the subject of some ordinances, & P^^^~
ularly that godly Antipeodobaptists bee not excluded:
w*** wee the rather thus perticularly insert because sundry
reports have come hither suggesting that godly psons of
' that pswasion have been severely dealt withall in New

* The contribution amounted to shipment, in the Jamestown, of pro-
about ;C 1,000. In 1847 a gratifying visions valued at f 35,863.53, to the
return from Boston was made by a famishing people of Ireland.

NATHANIEL MATHBR. 1 59

England, & also because divers of that pswasion in this
Citty have freely & very Considerably concurred in ad-
vanceing this releife."

In 1683, as stated on page 86, he published his
brother Samuel Mather's Sermons on the Types of the
Old Testament.

In 1688 he removed to London, to take charge, as
successor of John Collins, H. U. 1649, deceased, of a
large congregation in Lime Street. He was likewise
chosen one of the Merchants* lecturers, at Pinners-Hall.

According to Wilson, "Mather was tall in stature,
and of a mildly majestic aspect. To a penetrating
genius, he united solid and extensive learning. But
above these advantages, his piety shone with a distin-
guished lustre. He possessed a most amiable spirit,
and gave the most striking proofs of an unaffected mod-
esty. • . . He was a judicious, zealous, and affectionate
preacher; his aspect was venerable, his gesture pleasing,
and his pronunciation agreeable. In his public dis-
courses, there was neither a lavish display, nor an in-
elegant penury of oratorial excellence; while the dignity
of his subjects superceded the necessity of rhetorical
embellishments. In addressing sinners, he possessed an
awfulness in his manner, that was greatly calculated to
strike the arrows of conviction, and interest the feelings.
. . . Nevertheless, he possessed a certain heaviness in the
pulpit, which rendered him unpopular. ... He sustained
the attacks of corporal pain, and a tiresome affliction,
with invincible fortitude, and, at length, in full assurance
of faith," died at London, 26 July, 1697, at the age of
sixty-seven, after a ministry of forty-seven years in Eng-
land, Holland, and Ireland.

He "was interred at Bunhill-Fields," and on his mon-
ument was placed a Latin inscription, said to have
been written by Isaac Watts, D. D., which has been

l6o CLASS OF 1647*

printed in the American Quarterly Register, viii. 23^y
in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Soci-
ety, xxxviii. 2, also by Calamy, and, accompanied by
an English translation, in Wilson's History, i. 231-4.
A Latin Poetical Epitaph by Watts in his Lyric Poems,
which was evidently the basis of Wilson's remarks, is
minutely descriptive of Mather's personal appearance,
eminent worth, talents, learning, piety, pastoral fidelity,
and other characteristics.

There is in the Library of the American Antiquarian
Society, at Worcester, a portrait which possibly may be
his, though it has been said to be Samuel Mather's.

His wife appears to have been a daughter of the
Reverend William Bonn, of Dorchester, England.

WORKS.

1. To the Reader pp. (6) signed "M. N." and dated May 28,
1672, prefixed to John Davenport's Power of Congregational
Churches. London. 1672. 8vo. i/, P.

2. A I Sermon | Wherein is shewed | That it is the Duty and
should be the Care | of Believers on Christ, to Live | in the Con-
stant Exercise of | Grace. || Boston. 1684. 8vo. Text pp. 28;
Contents p. (i). J^ My P, W.

3. The I Righteousness of God | through | Faith | upon | All
without Difference who believe. | — 7- | In two Sermons [preached
at Pinners-Hall] on Romans 3. 22. || London. 1694. 410.
Pp. (2) To the Reader; and Text pp. 76. i/, P, W.

The same. London. 17 18. i2mo. pp. (6), 142. P.
The same in MS. 4to. pp. 67. J.

4. Sermon in MS. from John xvi. 8. 9.

Bound with the printed copy of The Righteousness of God,
etc., ed. 1 7 18, in the Bodleian Library.

5. Two Sermons on Genesis 6. 3. MS. 4to. pp. 69-90. A,
These two sermons are in the same beautiful handwriting and

in the same volume with the preceding MS. sermons on the Right-
eousness of God, etc., and are continuous in the paging.

6. Epistle Dedicatory pp. (6) To My Worthy Nephew Mr.
Cotton Mather, dated London, Dec. 15, 1693, and pp. (6) To the

NATHANIEL MATHER.

l6l

Reader, both prefixed to C. Mather's Seven Select Lectures.
London. 1695. 8vo. H,

7. A I Discussion | Of the Lawfulness of a | Pastor's Acting
as an | Officer | In Other | Churches | Besides that which he | is
specially Called to | take the Oversight of. || London. 1698.
i2nio. Pp. (17) To the Reader; and Text pp. 155. P.

The same. Boston. 1730. i2mo. Pp. viii To the Reader;
Text pp. 83. P, W.

propounded, and handled. | | By the Judicious and Learned (

Mr. Nathanael Mather. || London. 1701. 8vo. pp. (6), 480.

9. A Fast Sermon on i Cor. xi. 30. 171 1.

10. Several letters, in the Collections of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, xxxviii.

Authorities. — E. Calamy, Eject-
ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 238 ; and
Continuation, 257, 258. J. Farmer,
Genealogical Register, 191 ; and
American Quarterly Register, viii.
332. J. B. Felt, Ecclesiastical His-
tory of New England, i. 598 ; ii. 21,
496^ 677. A. Glover, Glover Me-
morials and Genealogies, 163. T.
M. Harris, in the Collections of the
Massachusetts Hist Society, ix. 173,
179. History of Dorchester, 555.
A. Holmes, Annals of America, i. 466.
Massachusetts Hist Society, Collec-

tions, ix. 173, 179; xxxviii. i, 3,4; and
Proceedings, 1867, September, p. 45.
C. Mather, Magnalia, iv. 152. New
England Historical and Genealogical
Register, ii. 245, 398 ; iii. no; vi. 20.
S. Palmer, Nonconformist's Memori-
2il> i- 339- J. Savage, Genealogical
Dictionary, iii. 174. W. B. Sprague,
Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 80.
J. Walker, Sufferings of the Clergy,
ii. 216. H. Ware, Jr., Century Dis-
courses, 46. I. Watts, Works, iv. 432.
H. Wilson, History and Antiquities
of Dissenting Churches, i. 231.

1 1 [PriDtod 187Z* Apifl «.]

1 62 CLASS OF 1647.

COMFORT STAR.

Bom about 1624, died 171 1, aged 86.

Rev. Comfort Star, Starr, or Starre, M. A., was born
about the year 1624, at Ashford in Kent, England. His
father, Conifort Starre, " chirurgion," or physician, with
three children and three servants, came in the Hercules,
from Sandwich, England, to Massachusetts in 1635, ^^^
settled at Cambridge, whence he removed to Duxbury,
and afterward to Boston, where he died 2 January, 1659,
his wife Elizabeth having died there 25 June, 1658,
aged sixty-three. In his will he made to his son "Com-
fort Starr" a conditional bequest of a house and land
in Eshitisford [Ashford?] in Kent.

The son received £11 los. for being "fellow pt of 2
yeers," and is one of the five Fellows whose names ap-
pear in the College charter dated 10 May, 1650, before
he had taken the degree of Master of Arts. In the same
year he went to England, where he became a minister
at Carlisle in Cumberland, whence he was ejected by the
Act of Uniformity in 1662. Afterwards, according to
Calamy, he "performed laborious Service in several places
in the County of Kent; and was at last Pastor of a
Church at Lewes in Sussex^ where he died October the 30M
171 1, In the 87th Year of his Age." He outlived all
who graduated before 1650.

Authorities.— W. Boys, History 11. Massachusetts Hist Society,

of Sandwich in Kent, 750-752. E. Collections, xii. 177 ; xxxviii. 3. New

Calamy, Ejected or Silenced Minis- England Historical and Genealogical

ters, ii. 150. S. G. Drake, Founders Register, ix. 223 ; xv. 29. J. Quincy,

of New England, 84. J. Farmer, Ge- History of Harvard University, i. 456.

nealog. Register, 272 ; and American J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

Quarterly Register, viii. 333. Har- iv. 169, 17a J. Winsor, History of

vard College Corporation Records, iii. Duxbury, 65, 322, 323.

JOHK BIRDEN. ABRAHAM WALVER.

163

JOHN BIRDEN.

Died before 1700.

Rev, John Birden, B. A., went to England, probably
soon after he graduated, as he did not take a second
degree. He was a preacher in the county where his
friends resided, the name of which is not known. As
he was starred in Mather's Magnalia and in the Cata-
logue of Harvard Graduates issued in 1700, he undoubt-
edly died before the close of the seventeenth century.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Gene- England, i. 60a T. Hutchinson,

alogical Register, 25 ; and American History of Massachusetts Bay, i. 112.

Quarterly Register, viii. 333. J. B. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

Felt, Ecclesiastical History of New i. 183.

ABRAHAM WALVER.

Died before 1700.

Rev. Abraham Walver, B. A., passed a life appar-
ently as free from incident as his classmate Birden, and
the Jittle which is known of him may be told in precisely
the same words.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Gene- England, i. 599. T. Hutchinson,

alogical Register, 303 ; and American History of Massachusetts Bay, i. 112.

Quarterly Register, viii. 333. J. B. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

Felt, Ecclesiastical History of New iv. 405.

164 CLASS OF 1647.

GEORGE HADDEN.

Died before 1700.

George Hadden, M. A., may have been the son of
Jared, Jarett, Jarrett, Jarriett, Jerad, Garrard, Garrett, or
Gerard Hadden or Haddon (for the name appears to have
been thus variously spelt), who probably came in the
Winthrop fleet, in 1630, as he was one of the first hun-
dred members of the Boston Church admitted prior to
a second arrival, and who was of Cambridge in 1632,
freeman in 1634, a proprietor of Salisbury iii 1640, and
is found in the Amesbury Records, 19 March, 1654-5,
among the "present inhabitanc and comenors heare in
the new towne."

The graduate remained at Cambridge to take the de-
gree of Master of Arts. But except the conjecture that
he may have gone to England, and the fact that he died
before the year lycx), I find nothing further respecting
him.

Authorities. — Essex County New England Historical and Gene-
Probate Records, iv. 262. J. Far- alogical Register, iii. 55. J. Savage,
mer, Genealogical Register, 132. D. Genealogical Dictionary, ii, 327.
W. Hoyt, Hoyt Family, 133, 134.

WILLIAM MILDMAY.

Died before 170a

William Mildmay, M. A., according to Mather, was
son of Sir Henry Mildmay, of Graces in Essex, and,
with Mr. Richard Lyon as tutor or "Attendant," was

WILLIAM MILDMAY. 165

sent over from England to be educated. His grand-
father, Sir Thomas Mildmay, of Springfield Barnes, in
Essex, Knight, married Alice, sister of the first Gov-
ernor Winthrop's father. According to Oldmixon, the
graduate was "elder Brother to Henry Mildmay^ Esq; of
Shawfordy in Hampshire^ where his posterity, very nearly
related to the Author, reside at this Day."

From the Steward's Account-Books it appears that he
continued at the College till 1651, that Lyon' and he
boarded in Commons, that their accounts were not kept
separate, and that an uncommon proportion of the charges
was paid in silver. As the names in the early classes,
except in cases of degradation for misdemeanors, purport
to be arranged according to family rank, Mildmay's po-
sition at the bottom of the class has been the subject of
considerable curiosity. Nothing respecting him has been
discovered, except that he died before the close of the
century.

Authorities. — J. Belknap, In* Essex, ii. 24. J. Oldmixon, British

terleaved Triennial Catalogue. J. Empire in America, 2d ed., ii. 215.

Farmer, Genealogical Register, 195. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

Harvard College Steward's Account- iii. 206. R. C. Winthrop, Life and

Books, i. 3. Massachusetts Histori- Letters of John Winthrop, i. 16^ 20^

cal Society, Collections, xxviii. 297, 28 ; and Letter, 1871, March 25. B.

315 ; xxx. 151. C. Mather, Magna- B. Wisner, Old South, 99.
Ua, iii. ic». P. Morant, History of

1648.

There were no Graduates this year.

* Lyon resided in the house of in the revision of the Bay Psalm
President Dunster, and assisted him Book.

CLASS OF 1649.

John Rogers, Urian Oakes,

Samuel Eaton, John Collins,

John Bowers.

JOHN ROGERS.

Born about 1630, died 1684, aged about 54.

Rev. John Rogers, M. A., the first on the list of
graduates of Harvard College who became its President,
was son of the Reverend Nathaniel Rogers, of Ipswich,
Massachusetts, whose wife was Margaret, daughter of
Robert Crane, of Coggeshall, in Essex, England, where
John was born, probably in January, 1629-30; Savage
says, "early in 1631." In 1636 he came with his father
to New England.

I find no record whatever in relation to him while an
undergraduate,' but subsequently, among other charges,

« From a clause in his father's will, New England Historical and Gene-
dated 3 July, 1655, disallowing him alogical Register, iv. 13, and v, 136,
the usual double portion of the eldest is in these words : "To my son John,
son, it has been inferred by some that to prevent expectation of a double
he was not diligent in his youth, and portion, I have not so bequeathed ;
by others that it was because he had he hath never been by any labor ser-
been educated at college that he was viceable to his brethren, but hath
thus put on an equality with his broth- been upheld by their labor and pain,
ers. But the true reason appears to while he hath been determining his
have been that they had supported way, therefore I give and bequeath
him several years while he was un- to him an equal portion with his
determined with regard to a pro- other brethren, viz: y« sume of one
fession. The clause, as cited in the hundred pounds of my estate," etc

JOHN ROGERS. 1 67

"Sir Rogers" is made "Debitor 15. 1.49-50 by a pastor
for his Cow befor hir apprisall/' 2s.

As was not uncommon in his time, he studied both
medicine and divinity. He was invited by Hubbard,
H. U. 1642, to preach at Ipswich, and afterward became
an assistant to him and Cobbett, and had the title Rev-
erend, though there does not appear to be any record
of his ordination. Tradition says that he took the prin-
cipal charge of the Thursday lecture, while they attended
to the other church and parish duties. His salary,
which was voted till 168 1, was less than theirs, probably
because they were expected to perform more ministerial
service, and because he was engaged in the practice of
medicine. Mather says he was "a Preacher at Ipswichy
until his Disposition for Medicinal Studies caused him to
abate of his Labours in the Pulpit^

At a meeting of the Corporation of Harvard College
"14. 3. 77," present Urian Oakes, President, Thomas
Shepard, Daniel Gookin, and Ammi Ruhamah Corlet, he
was chosen, "nemine contradicente," to succeed Leonard
Hoar, as President; but he declined, and Oakes was
-^ elected. After Oakes's death, the Corporation, consist-
ing of Captain Richards, Treasurer, Increase Mather,
Nehemiah Hobart, Samuel Andrew, and John Cotton,
again, 10 April, 1682, elected him "unto that place,"
and on the twelfth the choice was confirmed by . the
Overseers. May 24, 1682, "The Reuend M' John
Rogers being now chosen president of the colledge ... it
is ordered [by the General Court], thatviiis yearly allow-
anc be one hundred pounds in money, and fifty pounds
in other pay, during his contihuanc in that place &
imploy"; and May 27, 1684, in accordance with a peti-
tion from him, it was voted that his salary should be
paid quarterly.

August 12, 1683, Rogers "was solemnly inaugurated"

i68

CLASS OF 1649.

as the fifth President ; but at a meeting of the Overseers
on Commencement day, i July, 1684, less than a year
after his inauguration, on account of his "sudden visi-
tation by sickn.," William Hubbard, with whom he had
been associated at Ipswich, was appointed to "manage"
the Commencement' and confer the Degrees. On the
following day, Wednesday, 2 July, 1684, "The Rev*^ M!
President Rogers dyed. The sun beginning to emerge
out of a Central Ecclipps."

* It is remarkable that Rogers, who
exerted his influence to have the
Commencement Exercises held on
Tuesday instead of Wednesday, but
for this change would have died on
Commencement day. December 9,
1683, he, with Samuel Andrew, H. U.
1675, and John Cotton, H. U. 1678,
College officers, wrote to Increase
Mather, H. U. 1656, of their "great
dissatisfaction with the stated time
of the Coinencem*, on the first Wens-
day in July next ; the occasion where-
of is, that upon that very day wil fall
out a grand Eclipse of the Sun, which
was not foreseen, or at least, thought
of, upon the last meeting of the Cor-
poration. What reflection wilbee
vpon our oversight of it, or upon our
persisting, notwithstanding we have
still the opportunity of correcting it,
before the Almanack come forth;
as also how obstructive the Eclipse
wilbee as to the busines of the day,
is very obvious. Wee are not super-
stitious in it, but reckon it very in-
convenient. If, therefore, yourself
shal joyne with us, and improve your
interest once more with the Honored
Overseers, to alter and confirme the
day on the 2d Wensday in July, or
for this present tume on the first
Tuesday in July, or the foremen-
tioned z^ Wednsday, it shal be most

grateful and obliging to us." The
request was granted, and the Alma-
nack altered accordingly, notwith-
standing the day had already been
changed since the preceding Com-
mencement.

January 3, 1683-4, the Overseers
concurred in " the Vote of the Cor-
poration for the change of the Com-
encen* day from the time wherein *t
was last held to the first Wednes-
day in July . . . yMt be upon s** day
for the future." Previously, the Ex-
ercises, I think, were commonly held,
or begun, on Tuesday. In 1653,
Commencement was on Tuesday, 9
August. According to the almanacs
for 1647, 1648, and 1649, by Samuel
Danforth, H. U. 1643, and for 1650
by Urian Oakes, H. U. 1649, all of
which I have seen, it was on the last
Tuesday in July. Thus we are car-
ried back to five years from 1642, in
which year Winthrop makes record
of the Commencement under date of
5 October, which was Wednesday ;
but a letter dated 26 September,
1642, accompanying the Theses sent
to England, and which may be found
in New Englands First Fruits, alludes
to the Exercises as having been al-
ready held, so that not only the day,
but the month also, of the earliest
Commencement is matter of doubt.

JOHN ROGERS. 1 69

September ii, 1684, in answer to a petition of his
widow, the General "Court, considering the great loss
sustejned to his estate by so speedy remoovall from sajd
place," ordered the Treasurer to pay "to his execcutrix
& widdow his sallery for two full yeares." The College
Corporation, "Oct pr? [i] 1684, Order'd that the Rent
of House belonging to the College now Let to Seth Perry
shal for this year be disposed of for the Encouragm! of
the Rogers's in case they shall continue to be in Com-
ons," and that among the "Schollars of the house for
the next year should be Rogers Sen' and Rogers Jun'."

Cotton Mather says, Rogers "was One of so sweet
a Temper, that the Title of Delici^e humani Generis might
have on that Score been given him ; and his Real Pieiy
set off with the Accomplishments of a Gentleman, as a
Gem set in Gold. In his Praesidentship, there fell out
one thing particularly, for which the CoUedge has cause
to remember him. It was his Custom to be somewhat
Long in his Daily Prayers (which our Presidents used to
make) with the Scholars in the Colledge-Hall. But one
Day, without being able to give Reason for it, he was
not so Long, it may be by Half as he used to be.
Heaven knew the Reason! The Scholars returning to
their Chambers, found one of them on fire, and the Fire
had proceeded so far, that if the Devotions had held
three Minutes longer, the Colledge had been irrecover-
ably laid in Ashes, which now was happily preserved."

One of the students, supposed to be Cotton Mather,
wrote the following epitaph, which was "engraved on
his Tomb, in God^s-Acre, at Cambridge,'^ where he was
buried, though there is now nothing to mark the spot.

*'Mandatur huic TerrcB & TumulOy
Humanitatis jErarium^
Theologice Horreum,
Optimarum Literarum Bibiotheca,

170 CLASS OF 1649.

Rei Medicinalis Systema^
Integritatis Domicilium,
Fidei Repositorium^
Christiana Simplicitatis Exemplar^

ircur&p T&p aper&v Or^avpo^.

" Sc. Domini Reverendissimi^
D. JOANNIS ROGERSII,
Rogersij Doctissimi Ipsuicensis in

Nov-Anglicd, Filij\
Dcdhamensis, in Veteri AngliA,/^
Orbem Terrarum Clarissimi^ Nepotist
Collegij Harvardini
Lectissimiy ac Merith dilectissimi Praesidis,

Pars Terrestrior.
Ccelestior, d nobis Ereptafuity
Julij 2^ A. D. M. DC. LXXX. IV.
^tatis sua, LIV.

" Chara est pars restans nobis y & quando cadaver'**

Rogers married Elizabeth, who died 13 June, 1723,
only daughter of Major-General Daniel Denison, of Ips-
wich, whose wife. Patience, was daughter of Governor

* It is now generally understood viz* the more Earthy part of the most

that the Rogerses of America are Rev*J M' John Rogers, Son of the

not descendants of John Rogers who most Learned Rogers of Ipswich in

was burnt at Smithfield. N. £. Grandson of the most famous

■ The Benjamin Marston Papers Rogers of Dedham in Old Eng*f* a

in the possession of George Dean most Choice and deservedly Rever-

Phippen, of Salem, contain the fbl- enced Presid* of Har: Coll: The

lowing modified translation: — more heavenly part was Snatched

"There is Committed to this Earth from us July 2^ 1684, of his age 53.

& Tomb a treasure (or Exchequer) The part remaining tho a Corps is

of Humanity, a Storehouse of Di- yet dear to us. (Or in verse)

vinity, a Library of Learning, a Sys- gj^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^3 ^^^^

tem of Medicinal art, a Domicile of ^^ ^^^ ^^ p^.^ ^j^is left alone.
Integrity, a repository of Trust, an
Example of Christian Simplicity, a ^^ ^^"^

Magazine of all vertues, & a Super- The part remaining is most dear

lative object of Just Commendations ; To us, Ev'n when no Soul is here."

SAMUEL EATON. I7I

Thomas Dudley. They had Elizabeth, born 3 or 26
February, 1662, who, 23 November, 1681, married the
Honorable John Appleton, of Ipswich, and died 13
March, 1754; Margaret, 18 February, 1664, married,
28 December, 1686, Captain Thomas Berry, H. U.
1685, and 25 November, 1697, President John Lever-
ett, H. U. 1680, and died 7 June, 1720; John, 7 July,
1666, H. U. 1684; Daniel, 25 September, 1667, H. U.
1686; Nathaniel, 22 February, 1670, H. U. 1687; Pa-
tience, 13 or 25 May, 1676, married, 15 April, 1696,
Benjamin Marston, and died 22 May, 1731.

.■WORKS.

1. Verses addressed to Anne Bradstreet, printed in the New
England Historical and Genealogical Register, v. 138.

2. Letters, in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, xxxviii. 521.

Authorities. —J. B. Felt, History England Historical and Genealogical

of Ipswich, 232. Harvard College Register, iv. 12; v. 136, 137, 144, 224;

Corporation Records, i. 55, 58 ; ill. vii. 54, 345 ; viii. 19 ; xi. 70. B.

68, 74, 83-85; and Steward's Ac- Peirce, History of Harvard Univer-

count-Books, i. 19, 20. I. A. Jewett, sity, 49. J. Quincy, History of Har-

Memorial of Samuel Appleton, etc., vard University, i. 35, 38, 472. J.

25. Massachusetts Historical So- Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iv.

cicty, Collections, xxviii. 309 ; xxx. 562. W. B. Sprague, Annals, i. 146,

165 ; xxxviii. 505, 521. Massachu- 15a J. Winthrop, History of New

setts Bay Records, v. 352, 445, 451. England, ii. 87.
C. Mather, Magnalia, iv. 130. New

SAMUEL EATON.

* Bom 1630, died 1655, aged about 25.

Samuel Eaton, M. A., oldest son of Governor The-
ophilus Eaton, one of the first settlers of New Haven,
was born probably at London in 1630, and came to New
England with his father in 1637.

172 CLASS OF 1649.

Mather says, his father maintained him "at the Colkdge
until he proceeded Master of Arts \ and he was indeed
the son of his Vows^ and a Son of great Hopes^^ He is
charged on the Steward's books, "15- 1-49-50," with a
"bailance," and, "14-4-50," there was "Alowed him
for Instructinge Some Pupells" eleven shillings. Before
he had been out of college a year, he was made one of
the five original Fellows who constituted the College
Corporation according to the present charter, which bears
date 10 May, 1650. His account with the College con-
tinued till 9 December, 1653, though there is no credit
for his fellowship later than 11 March, 1652-3. Dun-
ster makes record of paying to "Mr. Samuel Eaton,
fellow 2 yeer & \ £34. 7s. 6d." He probably went to
New Haven to reside in 1653, at or about the time he
ceased to draw pay as a teacher at Cambridge. From
May, 1654, to his death, he was one of the Magistrates
of the Colony of New Haven.

November 17, 1654, he married the widow Mabel
Haines, who, in 1635, ^^ ^^ ^%^ ^^ twenty-one, accom-
panied her brother, Roger Harlakenden, to New Eng-
land, and became the second wife of Governor John
Haines, of Hartford.

"A severe Catarrh diverted" him "from the Work of
the Ministry whereto his Father had once devoted him ;
and a Malignant Fever then raging in those Parts of
the Country, carried off him with his Wife within Two
or Three Days of one another," in July of the year
after their marriage.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Ge- New Haven Records, ed. C J. Hoad-

nealogical Register, 92. Harvard ly,ii. 91, 100, 129, 140, etc. J. Quincy,

College Steward's Account- Books, i. Hist, of Harv. University, i. 457, 589.

9, 10; and Corporation Records, iii. J. Savage, Letter, 1848, May 17; and

II. C. Mather, Magnalia, ii. 28. Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 97, 389.

URIAN OAKES. 1 73

URIAN OAKES.

Bom about 1631, died 1681, aged 49.

Rev. Urian Oakes, M. A., Fellow and fourth Presi-
dent of Harvard College, son of Edward and Jane
Oakes, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was born in Eng-
land about 1 63 1, and ** brought over to New-England^
by his pious Parents. . . . While he was yet a Child, he
was delivered from an Extream Hazard of Drowning by
a MirabUy I had almost said," writes Cotton Mather, "a
Miracle of Divine Providence; God reserving him to be
a Moses among his People. And the sweet Naturey which
accompanied him all his Days, did now so remarkably
recommend him, that Observers have made this Reflec-
tion, If good Nature could ever carry One to Heaven^ this
Touth has enough to carry him thither. ... A Lad of smally
as he never was of great Stature, he published a little
parcel o( Astronomical Calculations with the apposite Verse
in the Title Page,

Parvum parva decent ^ sed inest sua Gratia parvis^

After graduating he continued to reside at the Col-
lege and board in Commons till 1653, ^^^ among the
articles with which he is credited in payment are a
^''calfe," a "sheepe," "beaflTe," "wheatte," "Indian,"
"malt," "suger," "lambs," etc. March 25, 1650-1, £2
17s. was '*ALowd him for his schollershipe " ; and the
Corporation Records, without specifying the purpose,
show a subsequent payment to him of £10 i6s. 2d.

Oldmixon says, "He returned into his native Coun-
try about the Time of the Rump," where, according to
Cotton Mather, "after he had been a while Chaplain to
One of the most Noted Persons then in the Nation,"
he settled at Tichfield, in Hampshire, "in the Charge of

174 CLASS OF 1649.

SoulSy which he discharged in such Lively Preaching and
such Holy Living, as became a Minister of the New Testa-
ment \ there 'twas that like a Silkworm, he spent his own
Bowels or Spirits, to procure the Garments of Righteousness
for his Hearers; there 'twas, that he might challenge the
Device and Motto of the famous Dr. Sih, a wasting Lamp
with this Inscription, Pralucendo pereo, or. My Light is my
Deathr

Being silenced, however, in 1662, in common with all
the nonconformist ministers, Mather says, the "Worthy
and Well-known Collonel Norton'' gave him "a Residence
in his House;" and Oldmixon says, he "was made
Master of the School at Southwark'' " Nevertheless,"
adds Mather, "when the Heat of the Persecution was a
little abated, he returned unto the Exercise of his Min-
istry, in a Congregation, where Mr. Symmons was his
Colleague."

After Mitchel's death at Cambridge, Massachusetts,
in 1668, and an unsuccessful attempt to settle William
Stoughton, H. U. 1650, the records state that, "after
sume time of seeking god by prayer, the lord was
pleased to guide the Church to make theare application
to M' Vrian Oakes in old England which to further the
same theare was a letter sent from the Church with A
mesenger namly m' William Maning with a letter alsoe
sent by seauerall Magistaf and Ministers to Inuite him
to Come ouer and be an Oficer amongst vs which he
after Counsill and aduice did Except — but deuine proui-
dence did hinder him for that yeere by reason of A
sickness the lord was pleased to visit his wife withall
and after ward tooke her away by death which hindered
him for that yeere the Church the next yeere Re-

newed againe thear Call to him by another letter but
then he was hindered by an ague that he was long vis-
ited withall in the yeere 1670 thease prouidences

URIAN OAKES.

175

interposing the Church was in doupt wheather to waight
any longer but after sume debate the Church was willing
to waight till the spring in the yeere 1671 and then had
an answer early in the yeere of his purpose to Come
ouer that sumer which was acomplished by the good
prouidence of god hee ariuing in new England' July thj
1671 A9 cc and finding good acceptance both by the Church
and towne and in the Country and Joined A member
with our Church and was Ordained pastur of our

Church Nouember the Eight 1671."^

*'Of the Divine Favour to them, in their Enjoyment
of such a Pastor ^^ says Mather, " the Church was now
so sensible, that they kept a Day of Publick Thanksgiving
for it."

In 1672 he was made freeman.

In May, 1673, he preached the Annual Election Ser-
mon, in which, speaking of Toleration, he says: "I
profess I am heartily for all due moderation. I have a
real compassion towards the Infirmities of the minds of
men, the Ignorance, and weakness, and Errours of their

" "August 9th 1 67 1.

"Delivered to William Manning
sixty pounds in siluer to pay M'
Prout toward the transportation of
M' Vrian Oakes his familie & goods,
& other disbursments and for John
Taylor his passage I say payed him
the just sume oi £60, 00. 00.

"Let it bee taken notice of that
M' Prout dos demaund thirteen
pounds more due to him."

Another item is, "Disbursed for
M' Oakes transportation from old
England with his famyly ;f 73."

John Taylor went "to accompany
our pastor to new England."

William Adams, H. U. 167 1, writes,
12 January, 1671 : "J. Taylor sett
sail for England to fetch Mr. Oakes."

■ Disbursments for his

5 Ordina-

tion : —

" It 3 bushells of wheate

00 15 00

It 2 bushells i of malt

00 10 00

It 4 gallons of wine

00 18 00

It for beefe

01 10 00

It for mutton

01 04 00

It for 30^ of butter

00 15 00

It for foules

00 14 09

It for sugar, spice and'

)

frute and other

^01 00 00

small things

)

It for labour

01 08 06

It for washing the table

lining

00 06 00

It for woode 7*

00 07 00

suit 7"> 3s. bread 6«

00 09 00

09 17 03

176 CLASS OF 1649.

understandings, as well as the passions and other distem-
pers of their Wills and Affections. . . . Many a man hath
a good Heart and Affections under the bad conduct and
ill steeridge of a very weak Head. . . . Nevertheless I
must adde (as I have great reason) that I look upon
an unbounded Toleration as the first born of all Abomi-
nations. If this should be once born and brought forth
among us, you may call it Gady and give the same Reason
that she did of the Name of her Son, Gen. 30. 11. Be-
hold a Troop comet hy even a Troop of all manner of Abomi-
nations. This would be not only to open the IVickety
but to fling open the great Gate for the ready Admission
and Reception of all Abominable Heresies. . . .

"I doubt not but it is the duty of the Civil Magis-
trate to tolerate what is tolerabky and that some Errors
are tolerable as to the practice of them. For the Con-
scientious perswasion about them is not immediately under
the Magistrates Cognizance. He can neither be said to
tolerate or prosecute men for the Errors of Conscience
that are no way manifested. And yet no Errour is tol-
erable meerly for Conscience sakcy or because it is conscien-
tiously maintained by the Erroneous person. . . . For then
a Conscientious Papist or Sociniany or ^aker (the most
notorious Heretick in the World) must be connived at
and suffered; yea, all manner of Idolatry and Heresy
must be tolerated in some persons. The Tolerableness
therefore of an Errour must be measured & judged
either from the nature of the Errour it self, or some
other circumstances. Sometimes the Errour is not onely
Extrafundamentaly but so small and inconsiderable and the
manner of holding it forth so modest and peaceable;
and the Condition of the State such, as that the Magis-
trate may keep his Sword in the Scabbardy and no hurt done.
Hence that may be tolerable in one State, that is not in
another No doubt but it belongs to the Magistrate

URIAN OAKES. 1 77

to judge what is tolerable in his Dominions in this respect.
And the Eye of the Civil Magistrate is to be to the se-
curing of the way of God that is duly established. And
if any where, this be the Concern and Duty of Rulers,
Surely it is most of all so in New-Englandy which is
originally a plantation not for Trade but for Religion."
Speaking "of the neglect of the Encouragement and
Advancement of Learning," he refers to the "general,
sad. Complaint, that the Schools languish, and are in a
low Condition in the Countrey," and says, "Though there
are doubtless many Reasons ... I am very apt to think
that the bottom of all is the want of due Encouragement
to Scholars when they are come to maturity, and fitted
for service in the Churches. ... It is a matter of sor-
rowful and sad Resentment with me, that the Nurseries
of Piety & Learnings & liberal Education should languish
& dye away, as they do, (in my Apprehension) on
this account. If this were well considered and pro-
vided for, I doubt not but our Schools would revive &
flourish again. You have done wel for the New Colledge.
Thanks be to God (as Paul speaks in a Parallel-Case.
1 Cor. 9. 15.) for his unspeakable Gift. Now therefore
perform the doing of it, that, as there was a readiness
to will, so there may be a performance also out of that
which you have. 2 Cor. 8. ii. You have done very
well for the Reverend President [Hoar]. I beseech that
the Fellows may be remembred also : that there may be
a competent, comfortable, and certain allowance made
for their Encouragement^ who are, next to the President,
the Props and Pillars of that Society, and have a careful
and Laborious Life of it. Think not that the Common
ff^ealth of Learning may languish : and yet our Civil and
Ecclesiastical State be maintained in good plight and Con-
dition. The wisdom and Foresight and Care for future
Times of our frst Leaders was in nothing more conspicu-

1 2 [Printed 1871, June 16.]

178 CLASS OF 1649.

ous and admirable then in the planting of that Nursery:
and NeW'England is enjoying the sweet fruit of it. It
be comes all our Faithful and Worthy Patriots that tread
in their steps, to water what they have planted, to su-
perstruct on their Foundations to support and cherish
and go forward with what they have begun, and to carry
it on to greater perfection. Otherwise who sees not what
Ignorance, and Rudeness, and Barbarism will come in
like a Floud upon us?"

In the trials to which Hoar was called, while President
of the College, Oakes bore an important part. "Whether
emulation, or hope of preferment, had any influence,"
says Quincy, "must be a matter of inference." Septem-
ber 15, 1673, Oakes and others resigned their seats in
the Corporation, leaving it without a constitutional ma-
jority; and, though re-elected, Oakes persisted in not
accepting the trust till 15 March, 1675, the day on
which Hoar resigned. "It appears also," says Quincy,
"that, on some account, Oakes was suffering about this
time under a great mental excitement, which, from the
connexion in which it is mentioned, seems to have ref-
erence to this very subject. Governor Leverett, in a
letter written in August, 1674, relating to the troubles
of Dr. Hoar, after referring them to the * animosities and
perverse spirit of his opposers,* proceeds to state, that
* Mr. Oakes hath had a distemper hang upon him, which
hath much weakened him, the greatest occasion of which iSy
I thinky some exercise of mind.* " '

April 7, 1675, Oakes "was desired to give his Answer
to a former motion of the Overseers to accept of the
place of the President of the CoUedge pro tempore.

* The remainder of Leverett's in England. I have been afraid

st«itenient, not cited by Quincy, is, least he may be of noe long con-

"though he [Oakes] thinks it is the tinuance with us; but a graine of

remayne of his sickness long agoe hopes that he may get over it."

URIAN OAKES.

179

"In Answer wherto he declared a deep sence of his
unfitness for the work; yet considdering the p'sent Exi-
gency the Society was now in, & confiding in the Over-
seers seasonably to endeavo' the settling a fitt p'son for
y* work manifesting his willingness to accept of that
place for a time God enableing by health & strength, &
so far as his church consented." Thereupon the Legis-
lature ordered an allowance of "one hundred pounds
in money by the yeare/' October 13, 1675, "This
Court, being informed of the care & paynes of the
Reuend M' Vijan Oakes ... in carrying on that worke
at the former motion & request of this Court, doe order
thankes be returned to the sajd praesident in that respect,
and that he be desired by this Court to continue his
labours as president of the sajd coUedge, which hath
binn, by the blessing of God, of so great advantage."

October 27, 1675, ^^ ^^^ "elected Presid* ... & by
the Overseers importuned to accept s* place & trust."
May 21, 1678, he was "desired to continue his care ov'
the Colledge & to officiate in the place of President at
the next Commencem?" Cotton Mather says: "He did
the Services of a Praesident, even, as he did all other
Services, Faithfully, Learnedly, Indefatigably."

June 30, 1679, "Voted, That the Wor" M' Stoughton
be desired to provide a Presid! for the colledge, & the
ov'seers consenting, the Rev** M' Oakes is desired to
write to M' Stoughton in the name of the Corporation."

February 2, 1679-80, Oakes was again unanimously
chosen President by the Fellows; and 4 February the
House of Representatives voted, that, "for the better
incouragement of himself and also of the church for
prouiding helpe for carrying on that worke, w^ hereby
he may be in part diverted from, or need assistance in,
this Court doth order, that fiuety pounds pr annu, in
country pay, be allowed the Reund Mr. Oakes, on the

l8o CLASS OF 1649.

considerations aforesajd, ouer & aboue the hundred
pounds in money already setled, prouided he accept the
prsesidentship/" This time he yielded to the appeal,
and was installed "by Govern!^ Bradstreet in the Col-
ledge Hall on the Commencement Day [in] August,
1680."

The reason assigned by Quincy for his not accepting
the office at once and gladly is, that it would have been
impolitic, if his opposition to Hoar arose from emula-
tion. It is more charitable, however, to suppose, that,
being often sick and nervous, and feeling the solicitude
natural to the minister of the College, he may have
conscientiously thought the withdrawal of Hoar to be
necessary, and acted accordingly, and at the same time
have been reluctant to assume the responsibility of the
Presidency in the demoralized condition to which the
College had been brought. Furthermore, between the
time of Hoar's resignation and Oakes's acceptance of
the Presidency, his classmate, Rogers, had been elected
and declined, and Stoughton had been authorized to
procure a President in Europe. It seems improbable,
if he really wanted the office, that he should have al-
lowed the opportunity to be lost, perhaps forever, by
encouraging these movements, while the electors were
importuning him to take it.

After being subject for many years to a quartan ague,
which frequently disqualified him for the discharge of
his duties, he was at last seized with a malignant fever.
"When he had lain sick about a Day or Two, . . . his
Chuch coming together with Expectation to haue the
Lord* S'Supper on the Lords Day administered unto them,
to their Horror, found the Fangs of Death seizing their
Pastor, that should have broken to them the Bread of
Lifey He died 25 July, 1681, in the fiftieth year of
his age and tenth of his ministry in Cambridge, sustain-

URIAN OAKES. l8l

ing at the time the offices of Pastor of the Church and
President of the College, in the former of which he was
succeeded by Nathaniel Gookin, H. U. 1675, who had
been his assistant after he became President, and in the
latter by his classmate, Rogers,

On the College Account-Books are charges of £16
1 6s. 6d. for scarfs and gloves, and £S 14s. for twelve
rings, at Mr. Oakes's funeral.

An Elegy on Oakes was written by Daniel Gookin,
H. U. 1669.

Oldmixon, in the second edition of his British Empire
in America, observes : " I have met with no Reason since
my first Edition to make any Alterations in his [Oakes' s]
Character. *This Man, excepting that he was very relig-
ious, does not seem to have had any extraordinary Qual-
ities worthy the Station to which he was advanced.' "

In the Preface to Oakes's Artillery Election Sermon,
the Reverend John Sherman says : " The eminent IVorthy
6? rare Accomplishments of the {now blessed) Author^ none
but such as knew Him not^ or envied Himy can^ or will deny.
The rare Beauties^ fcf Sweets of Nature y Learnings and Grace
which the Great God had endowed^ £5? adorned Him withy
were suchy &? so attractivCy that nothing but unacquaintance
disingenuity, 6? prejudice could secure from being captivatedy
and held fast in the pleasant bonds of Love y &? Delight. Had
all the Arty and Grace He was filledy and furnished withy
been tunned up into an ill-sented Casky tainted with Haugh-
tiness y PeevishnesSy &? Vanity \ their Flavour y and delightful
Sweetness would have been lost in a nauseous unpleasancy.
What He was to my self y I cannot without renewing my grief y
express''

Increase Mather remarks: "An Age doth seldome pro-
duce one so many wayes excelling as this Author did.
If we consider him as a Divine, as a Scholar, as a Chris-
tian, // is hard to say in which he did most excelL I haue

1 82 CLASS OF 1649.

often, in my thoughts, compared him to Samuel among
the Prophets of old; inasmuch as he did truly fear God
from his youthy and was betimes improved in holy Ministra-
tionsy and was at last called to be the head of the Sons of the
Prophets in their New-English Israel^ as Samuel was
President of the Colledge at Najoth. . • . // may without
reflection^ upon dny^ be truly said^ that He was one of the
greatest Lights that ever shone in this part of the JVorldy
or that is ever like to arise in this Horizon."

Cotton Mather says: "He was upon all Accounts
truly, an Admirable Person. Considered as a Christian^
he was Full of all Goodness . . . though he were Low in
his own Opinion of himself, yet he was High in his At-
tainments; High in his Principles. He carried Heaven
in his Name Urianus q. Bpavio^.'\ but much more in his
Heavenly Mind. Considered as a Scholar^ he was a No-
table Critick in all the Points of Learning." "America
never had a greater master of the true, pure, Ciceronian
Latin & Language."

"The Rest of the Report that we will give of this
Memorable Person^* adds Cotton Mather, by way of con-
clusion, "shall be but a Transcript of the Epitaph on the
Tomb-stone in the Sleeping-place at Cambridge, dedicated
unto his Memory. And know. Reader, that though the
Stones in this Wilderness are already grown so Pf^itty as
to Speaky they never yet, that I could hear of, grew so
JVicked as to Lye.

"VRIANI OAKESII,

CVJVS QVOD RELIQVVM EST

CLAVDITVR HOC TVMVLO ;

EXPLORATA INTEGRITATE, SVMMA MORVM

GRAVITATE,

OMNIVMQVE MELIORVM ARTIVM INSIGNI PERITIA,

SPECTATISSIMI CLARISSIMIQVE OMNIBVS MODIS

URIAN OAKES. 1 83

THEOLOGI MERITO SVO CELEBERRIMI,

CONCIONATORIS VERB MELLIFLVI,

CANTAB. ECCLESIiB DOCTISSIMI ET ORTHODOXI

PASTORIS,

IN COLLEGIO HARV. PRiBSIDIS VIGILANTISSIMI,

MAXIMAM PIETATIS, ERVDITIONIS, FACVNDIiB,

LAVDEM ADEPTi;

QVI, REPENTINA MORTE SVBITO CORREPTVS,

IN JESV SINVM EFFLAVIT ANIMAM,

JVLII XXV. A. D. M.DC.LXXXI.

MEMORIi£;

iBTATIS SVM L.

PLVRIMA QVID REFERAM, SATIS EST SI DIXERIS VNVM

HOC DICTV SATIS EST HIC JACET OAKESIVS."

According to Savage, Oakes "married, as is said, Ruth,
daughter of famous William Ames," and sister of Wil-
liam Ames, H. U. 1645. They had Urian, H. U. 1678,
and probably Edward, H. U. 1679. Their only daugh-
ter, Hannah, married, 2 September, 1680, Samuel Angier,
H. U. 1673. Lemuel Shaw, H. U. 1800, was a de-
scendant.

WORKS.

5582. I I Calculated for the Longitude of 315 | degr. and

Elevation of the Pole Ar- | ctick 42 degr. & 30 min. | & may

ge- I ncrally serve for the most part of | New-England. | |

Parvum parva decent : sed inest sua | gratia parvis. | | Printed

at Cambridge. | 1650. [[ Anonymous.

184 CLASS OF 1649.

been turning aside unto if persisted | and gone on in. | Delivered
in a Sermon Preached at Boston in New-England, | May. 7. 1673.
being the Day of Election there. || Cambridge, Printed by Samuel
Green. 1673. 4^^- ^P* (4) Address to the Christian Reader
signed "John Sherman. Thomas Shepard"; and Text pp. 64.

J, H, M, P.

3. With John Sherman he signed the Imprimatur of T. Shep-
ard's Eye-Salve, taking occasion to commend it. Cambridge.

1673. 4to. Ay //, My P.

4. The I Unconquerable, | All-conquering, | & | more-then-
Conquering | Souldier : | Or, | The successful Warre which a Be- |
liever Wageth with the Enemies of his Soul : | As also the Abso-
lute and Unparalleld Victory that he ob- | tains finally over them
through the love of God in Jesus Christ, | As it was Discoursed
in a I Sermon | Preached at Boston in New-England, on the Day
of the I Artillery-Election there, | June 3d. 1672. || Cambridge.

1674. 4to. Pp. (4) Christian Reader, signed Thomas Shepard;
and Text pp. 40. My P.

5. Address to the Christian Reader, signed by John Sherman,
Urian Oakes, Thomas Shepard, pp. (2) prefixed to S. Danforth's
Cry of Sodom, etc. Cambridge. 1674. 4to. P.

6. Address to the Christian Reader, pp. (2), prefixed to I.
Mather's Day of Trouble is near. Cambridge. 1674. 4to. P,

in New-England: | | By a great Admirer of his Worth, and

true Mourner for | his Death. || Cambridge, Printed by Samuel
Green. 1677. 4to. pp. 16. Author's name at the End. M.

A. Holmes says, Oakes *' appears to have had a poetical genius";
this " Elegy, of considerable length . , . rises, in my judgment, far
above the poetry of his day. It is of Pindaric measure, and is
plaintive, pathetic, and replete with imagery."

8. Latin Eulogy at Commencement in 1678, on Thomas Shep-
ard, H. U. 1653, *^ Mather's Magnalia, iv. 190.

9. To the Christian Reader, pp. 5, dated Cambridge Febru. 21.
1679-80. 4to. Prefixed to L Mather's Divine Right of Infant-
Baptisme. M,

10. The Soveraign Efficacy of Divine | Providence; | Over-
ruling and Omnipotently Disposing and Ordering all | Humane
Counsels and Affairs, Asserted, Demonstrated | and Improved, in

URIAN OAKES.

185

a Discourse Evincing, | That (not any Arm of Flesh, but) the
Right Hand of the | Most High is it, that Swayeth the Universal
Scepter of | this Lower World's Government. | Oft Wheeling
about the Prudentest Management of the | Profoundest Plotts, of
the Greatest on Earthy unto | such. Issues and Events, as are
Amazingly contrary | to all Humane Probabilities, and cross to
the I Confident Expectation of Lookers on. | As Delivered in a |
Sermon | Preached in Cambridge, on Sept. 10. 1677. Being the
Day of I Artillery Election there | | Boston in New-Eng-
land: Printed for Samuel Sewall. 1682. 4to. Pp. (3) To the
Reader, signed John Sherman ; and Text pp. 40. if, Af, P.

II. A I Seasonable Discourse | Wherein | Sincerity & Delight |
in the Service of God | is earnestly pressed upon | Professors of
Religion. | Delivered on a Publick Fast, at Cambridge in | New-
England. II Cambridge, Printed by Samuel Green. 1682. 4to.
Pp. 33 preceded by pp. (4) To the Reader, by Increase Mather, who
says: "This Sermon was not by the Reverend Author designed
for publication. . . . But it is here presented as found written with
his own hand among his Sermon notes." P,

Authorities. — - W. Adams, in
Collections of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, xxxi. 12-17, I9>
22. American Quarterly Register,
viii. 333; ix. 342» E. Calamy,
Ejected or Silenced Ministers, ii. 349.
Cambridge Church Book, 2-4, 15-
18. E. A. & G. L. Duyckinck, Cy-
clopaedia of American Literature, i. 8.
S. A. Eliot, History of Harvard Col-
lege, 24, 140. J. Farmer, Genealogi-
cal Register, 209, 210 ; and American
Quarterly Register, viii. 333; Far-
mer and Moore's Collections, iii. 310.
R. Frothingham, History of Charles-
town, 189. W. T. Harris, Epi-
taphs, 9. Harvard College Corpo-
ration Records, iii. 57, 66, 67, 69, 70^
71; and Steward's Account-Books,
i. II, 12. A. Holmes, American
Annals, i, 403; and History of
Cambridge, 27, 31, 32, 38, 53 ; Collec-
tions of the Massachusetts Histori-
cal Society, vii. 27, 31, 32, 38, 51 ;

Century Sermon, 15, 28. J. Hull,
Diary, in the Archaeologia Americana,
iii. 231, 232. T. Hutchinson, Col-
lection of Papers, 464. Massachu-
setts Records, iv. (ii.) 585 ; v. 57, 263.
Mass. Hist. Proceed., 1862, Nov., 341.
C.Mather, Magnalia, iv. 129, 186, 190;
Just Commemorations; The Death
of Good Men considered (Preface).
W. Newell, Sermon on leaving the
Old Meeting-House, 16, 28 ; Church
Gathering, 55. Q. Oldmixon], Brit-
ish Empire in America, 2d ed., i. 219.
L. R. Paige, MS. J. G. Palfrey,
History of New England, iii. 96, 555.
S. Palmer, Nonconformist's Memo-
rial, ii. 22. B. Pcirce, History of
Harvard University, 44. J. Quincy,
History of Harvard University, i. 34.
J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
iii. 302, 303. S. Sewall, in American
Quarterly Register, xi, 174, 179. L.
Shattuck, History of Concord, 38a
W. B. Sprague, Annals, i. 141.

1 86 CLASS OF 1649.

JOHN COLLINS.

Died 1687.

Rev. John Collins, M. A., was son of Deacon Edward
Collins, who was of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1638,
freeman 13 May, 1640, Representative from Cambridge
1654 to 1670, and who, after living many years on
Governor Cradock's farm at Medford, bought it, sold
sixteen hundred acres to Richard Russell, besides what
he disposed of to others, and died at Charlestown, 9
April, 1689, aged about eighty-six.

The graduate probably came from England with his
father. Cotton Mather says that in his youth he re-
ceived a "Wound by a Fall^ which had like to have cost
him his Life; but whilst he lay gasping, the Renowned
Mr. Thomas Shepard came to him with this Consolation;
/ have just now been wrestling with the Lord for thy Life^
and God hath granted me my Desire \ Toung Man^ thou shalt
not dye but live; but remember y that now the Lord says,
Surefyy thou wilt now fear Him^ and receive Instruction**

After graduating, he was admitted to full communion
with the church in Cambridge, became a preacher, re-
ceived £18 for services as Tutor or "Fellow li yeer,"
and remained in Cambridge till the spring of 1653, or
later, when he went to London.

"In the latter end of 1655," says Gumble, ^^ Oliver
sent down a pretended Council for the Government of
Scotland^ which consisted of some noble Persons, ... as
the Earl of Orrery y and the Earl of Carlisle; with these
and some others the General [Monck] was joyned, to
whom I was appointed Preacher with another worthy
Gentleman, Mr. John Collins J* March 27, 1658, Sir
George Downing's mother writes from Edinburgh: "I

JOHN COLLINS. 1 87

think without disparragment, both for the civill govern-
ment and the ministry, wee never enjoyed more. M'
Collins is a man very precious, and of eminent parts,
and wee haue him and two more excellent men, allowed
by his Highness for the Councill. They all preach by
tourns, before the Councill at the English church."

Calamy states that Collins "was Chaplain to General
Monky when he came out of Scotland into England^*
though Gumble, speaking of the preferments with which
Monck's officers were rewarded, says, "The Chaplains
that were then in the Army (the rest declined) were but
two, Dr. John Price^' and himself. It is probable, how-
ever, that Collins went to London about this time.

"At the Restoration," Wilson says, Collins "was not
in possession of any benefice, and therefore, not ejected;
but he was silenced by the Act of Uniformity in 1662.
He, afterwards, succeeded" Thomas Mallory "as Pastor
of a considerable Independent church in London. Upon
the establishment of the Merchant's Lecture, at Pinners'-
Hall, in 1672, Mr. Collins was chosen one of the first
six lecturers. And it is observable, that he, and Dr.
Owen, were the only Independents selected for this pur-
pose; the other preachers being chosen from the Pres-
byterian denomination. In these situations Mr. Collins
continued till his death."

Cotton Mather says he "proved so very Considerable
among the Congregational Divines of Great Britain^ and
especially in the Great City of London \ where he mostly
spent his Days of publick Service, that [he] well de-
serves a Room in our Account of Worthies. . . . Such was
the Life and Charm, which accompanied his Exercises in
the Pulpit; that none but Persons of the same Humour
with him, who wrote certain Things like Books, to prove.
That Cicero wanted Eloquence, went away Unmoved or
Unpleased from them."

1 88 CLASS OF 1649.

Collins appears to have cherished through life a strong
attachment to the College and to New England. He
wrote a letter to Governor Leverett respecting Hoar,
which must have had considerable weight in efFecting
his appointment as President; though when he heard of
the "concussions ... at the colledge," he said, referring
to this letter, and to one from several English divines,
"You will not find that wee did recommend him to bee
your president, wee judged that too much for us to un-
dertake, ... all wee sayd was, that since hee was prepared
to come wee thought him one that might bee helpfull in
your colledge worke and left it with you to judge how.
... I hope that noe recommendation of ours will cause
you to continue him, if you find him unfitt; better hee
suflfer than the glory of the college bee mined."

For several years, during which Massachusetts appears
not to have had an oflicial agent at London, Collins
communicated important information, and rendered such
valuable services that the General Court, 16 May, 1683,
for his "good will, freindship, & vn wearied paines, vpon
all occasions, ... to promote the welfare & prosperity"
of the Colony, granted him "fiue hundred acres of land
in the Nipmuck country, to be lajd out to him, or his
order, w**" all reasonable convenienc." '

* December 13, 1726. " Whereas Setling the Colony Line between

the General Court of the late Colony the Massachusetts ^ Connecticut,

of the Massachusetts-Bay, Anno 1683, the first Survey and Grant falling on

granted to the Reverend Mr, John the South of the said Line^ and for

Collins of London soo Acres of Landy which an Equivalent has been al-

which was laid out near a Place lowed the said Colony of Connecticut ;

called Quenetusset; and afterwards^ and the said Five Hundred Acres

viz. June 13. 1705. on the Petition of of Right belonging to this Province:

Mr, Francis Collins, the Son of the Votedy That Maj. Chandler, and Maj.

said Reverend Mr. John Collins, the Leonard, be a Committee ... to apply

former Survey being not to be found, to the Government of Connecticut,

Ordered a new Survey of 500 Acres for any further or other Confirmation

in Lieu of the first Grant, which ac- of the said Lands." June 16, 1727,

cording ly was made, and a Piatt Pre- £^3 ^7^ ^^' was voted to the Com-

sented&* Confirmed Anno 1707, upon mittee for their services.

JOHN COLLINS. 1 89

Nathaniel Mather, H. U. 1647, writes, 2 August,
1687: "M' Collins is in a weak & wasted condicon as
to his bodily health (by a scorbuticall diarrhoea as the
physicians agree, which hath hung upon him these many
years.) Hee is now at Tunbridg, by which waters he
hath formerly had reviving many times. Hee is one of
the best p'chers in or about London as most agree, soe
say the best."

He died 3 December, 1687. The following epitaph,
which is given by Wilson with a translation, is here
printed literatimy as it appears in the Magnalia: —

"JOHANNES COLLINS.

Indolis Optima PueruluSy Patrem Pietate Insignemy
Castiorem Dei Cultumy et Limatiorem
Ecclesia Disciplinaniy anhelantenty
In Americanum Anglorum, secutus est Colonium,
Ubiy qt^ GymnasiiSy quh Cantabrigiensi isthic CoUegiOy
{Deo indefessis adspirante Studiis)
Scribaf actus ad Regnum Coelorum InstructissimuSy

Antique cum fcenorey rependitur Angliae.
Scotiae etiam celebrium Ministrorum Gens fertiliSy
Et audivity £5? mirata est Concionantem.
Utrobiq; multos Christo lucrifecit;
P lures in Christo nedificavit.
Prasertim hac in Metropoli, Gregis gratissimi Pastor \
Nil segnis Otii Gnavo indulgens Animo ;
Nee LaboribuSy Morbisq; fractOy parcens Corporis
Meditandoy Pradicandoy Confer endoy Votaq\ faciendOy
Vitam insumpsit fragilemy
Ut atema aliorum Vita consuleret\
Sluo Ecclesiarum itaq ; nulla Pastorem Optimumy
Aut Vivum magis Venerata esty
Aut magis indoluit morienti,

M. D"» Die HP. Anno^re Christianas

M DC Lxxxvn."

190 CLASS OF 1649.

Collinses sister Sybil married John Whiting, H. U. 1 6$j.
His son John "was educated for the Ministry at
Utrecht^^ says Calamy, "and was Fellow-labourer with
Mr. Bragg, in this City [London], and one of the Lec-
turers at PinnerS'Hally who died a few years since," hav-
ing been "chosen co- pastor," says Palmer, with ^^Robert
Braggy upon Mr. Mathers death in 1698"; Mather
himself having been the successor of his father, John
Collins the graduate. In a letter to Governor Leverett
dated 10 April, 1674, Collins mentions the recent death
of his only daughter, and alludes to his wife, then living.

WORKS.

1. Sermon on Jude 3, in the Farewell Sermons of some of the
most eminent Non-Conformist Ministers, delivered at the Period
of their Ejectment in the Year 1662. J^ W.

2. Four Letters to Governor Leverett, dated May 10, 1672,
April 10 and July 28, 1674, and March 19, 1674-5, in T. Hutch-
inson's Collection of Papers, 435, 442, 451, 471.

3. With Mr. Baron he wrote a Prefatory Epistle before Mr.
Venning's Remains.

4. Strength | in | Weakness. | A | Sermon | Preached at the
Funeral of | Mrs. Martha Brooks, | Late Wife to | Mr. The.
Brooks Minister of the Gospel in London; | Who departed this
Life June 20. 1676. | To which arc Added | Some Experiences
of the Grace and Dealings of | God, Observed and Gathered by
a near Relation of | the said Mrs. Brooks. | By J. C. a Friend of
the Deceased, and her Surviving Husband. || London. 1676. 4to.
pp. 39. M.

5. To the Reader, pp. (11), dated June 29, 1677, prefixed to J.
Mitchel's Discourse of the Glory, etc. London. 1677. 8vo,
and pp. 10, ed. 1722. i2mo. A^ i/, Af, P, W.

6. How the Religions of a Nation are the Strength of it.
Isa. 6. 13. A^ H.

This is Sermon XXX, pages 959-998 [1093- 1 122], °^ [S«
Annesley's] Continuation of Morning-Exercise Questions and
Cases of Conscience. Practically Resolved by Sundry Ministers,
In October, 1682. London. 1683. 4to. It is anonymous, but

JOHN COLLINS.

191

** Mr. N. N." is written against the title in the copy which prob-
ably belonged to William Stoughton, H. U, 1650, and is now in
the College Library. J. Darling, in his Cyclopaedia Bibliograph-
ica, page 21 14, mentions John Collins, and on page 599 of his
"Subjects" J. CoUinges, D. D., as the author, though in his Al-
phabetical Catalogue he does not enter the sermon under either
name. Cotton Mather, however, makes mention of the sermon
and of *'N. N.," and says, ''the author of that Sermon was this
Mr. John Collins:'

7. What Advantage may we Expect from Christ's Prayer for
Union with Himself, and the Blessings relating to it? John 17.
20, 21. A^ H.

The fact that this sermon, "XXVII for XXV," pages 965-
977, of Annesley, is anonymous and has "Mr. N. N." written
against it in the same old chirography as the preceding, leads to
the inference that it is by the same author. Darling, however,
on page 21 14, ascribes it to David Clarkson, and on page 1150
of his "Subjects" to John Barker; though he does not enter it
among Clarkson's works, neither does the title appear under the
name of Barker, who, indeed, it is not certain was even born
when the sermon was preached.

Authorities. — E. Calamy, Eject-
ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 837 ;
and Continuation, ii. 962. J. Far-
mer, Genealogical Register, 66 ; and
American Quarterly Register, viii.
335, J. B. Felt, Ecclesiastical His-
tory of New England, ii. 13. T.
Gumble, Life of Monck, 91, 191.
Harvard College Steward's Account-
Books, i. 21 ; and Corporation Rec-
ords, iii. II. E. C. Herrick, Letter,
1847, September 25. T. Htitchin-
son. Collection of Papers, 435, 442,

451,471. Massachusetts Bay Rec-
ords, vi. 409. Massachusetts H istor-
ical Society, Collections, xxxviii. 67 ;
xxxix. 46. Massachusetts House of
Representatives, Journal, 1726, De-
cember 13 ; 1727, June 16. C. Ma-
ther, Magnalia, iv. 200. D. Neal,
History of the Puritans, iv. 58. W.
Newell, Church Gathering, 53. S.
Palmer, Nonconformist's Memorial,
ii. 634. J. Savage, Genealogical
Dictionary, i. 435. W. Wilson,
Dissenting Churches, i. 225.

19^ CLASS OF 1649.

JOHN BOWERS.

Died 1687.

Rev. John Bowers, B. A., of Derby, Connecticut, was
son of George Bowers, who was of Plymouth in 1637,
and removed about 1642 to Cambridge, where he died
late in 1656, leaving a widow and children, his former
wife, Barbara, having died 25 March, 1644.

As the graduate's name is not found on the Steward's
Account-Books, the earliest of which begins with 1650,
he probably did not continue his connection with the
College, as graduates frequently did, after taking the first
degree, but left Cambridge immediately.

"In Nov. 1652," writes Judd, "Governor Eaton, of
New Haven," whose son was Bowers's classmate, "wrote
to *Mr. Bowers, schoolmaster at Plymouth,' to invite
him to New Haven, or to see on what terms he would
come."

At a General Court holden at Plymouth, the first of
March, 1652-3, "M' John Bower complained against
M" Joane Barnes, in an action of slaunder and defama-
con, to the dammage of an hundred pounds. The jury
find for the plaintifFe, and assesse fiue pound dammage,
and the cost of the suite. John Barnes complaineth
against M' John Bower, in an action of trespass on the
case, to the dammage of an hundred and ten pounds.
The jury find for the defendant the charges of Court."

Bowers "came to New Haven," says Judd, "in June,
1653, and taught their school until 1660. He taught
school in other towns in that vicinity."

After the removal of John Higginson from Guilford, in
1659, ^^ggl^s states, "There were Several persons who
ministred to them in the word and Doctrine, as Teacher*

JOHN BOWERS. 1 93

as they Called them, Especialy Mr Bower" who had a
house and Land in the town and afterward* Remov"* to
New: Haven."

In 1667, when the Reverend Abraham Pierson with
a majority of his church removed to Newark, New
Jersey, Bowers succeeded him as preacher at Branford,
Connecticut, where, though no church was organized, he
received an invitation to settle. He continued to preach
there till 1673, when he gave the town liberty **to
provide a minister for themselves, which liberty they
accepted." He then went to Derby, where he was or-
dained the first minister, the agreement between him
and the people, which is entered on the records, being
dated 18 November, 1673. There he continued till his
death, 14 June, 1687.

His wife, Bridget, daughter of Anthony Thompson,
of New Haven, survived him.

Authorities. — Contributions to June 2a Massachusetts Historical

the Ecclesiastical History of Con- Society, Collections, iv. 187. New

necticut, 354, 372, 398. J. Far- Plymouth Colony Records, vii. 63.

mer, Genealogical Register, 37 ; and T. Ruggles, in Historical Magazine,

American Quarterly Register, viii. xv. 229. J. Savage, Genealogical

335, S. Judd, Letter, 1850^ March Dictionary, i. 223; iv. 283.
25. J. L. Kingsley, Letter, 1848,

13 [Mated itTi, Joe 17.]

CLASS OF 1650.

William Stoughton,
John Glover,
Joshua Hobart,
Jeremiah Hobart,

Jonathan I nee.

Edmund Weld,
Samuel Phillips,
Leonard Hoar,
Isaac Allerton,

WILLIAM STOUGHTON.

Born about 1631, died 1701, aged 70.

William Stoughton, M. A., of Dorchester, said to
have been born in 1631 or 1632, and, what is not prob-
able, at Dorchester, was second son of Israel Stoughton,*
who bequeathed to him "halfe" of his library "for his
incourag' to apply himself to studies, especially to the
holy Scriptures; vnto w*^ they are mostly helpfull."

^ Israel Stoughton, of Dorchester,
admitted freeman in November, 1633,
was Deputy in 1634. It appears that
he wrote "a certain booke w^** . . .
occaconed much trouble & offence to
the Court,'' and, though he **did desire
of the Court that the s^ booke might
forthwith be burnt, as being weake
and offensiue," it was nevertheless
ordered, 4 March, 1634-5, that he
^'shalbe disinabled for beareing any
pub^ office in the comon wealth, within
this jurisdic'on, for the space of three
yeares, for affirmeing the Assistants

were noe magistrates." In May,
1636, the disability was removed,
and in May, 1637, he was chosen by
lot to "go fourth in the expedition
against the Pecoits." He was mem-
ber of the Artillery Company in 1637,
its captain in 1642, an Assistant from
1637 to 1642, went, in 1643, to Eng-
land, where he became intimate with
some of the leaders in the Rebel-
lion, then returned to Dorchester,
and, having persuaded others to go
back with him in 1644, served as
lieutenant-colonel under Rainsborow

WILLIAM STOUGHTON. 1 95

In his Senior year in college he is credited "by 4
bush of rye i6f two bush on half of Indian 7^-6? on
bush half of wheatt 7-6? 9 bush of rye malt att 4^6** pr
bush £2, 00. 6d., . . . 30 pound of butter 15s, 3 bush
and 3 peckes of appelles 15s," etc., and is charged, be-
sides other items, with "Commones & Sizinges," tui-
tion, study-rent, bedmaking, and "by want of measure
of the Indian." He remained at the College about a
year after graduating.

Having studied divinity, he went to England, where
he preached with much acceptance in Sussex. He re-
ceived at Oxford the degree of Master of Arts, and had
a Fellowship, from which he was ejected at the Restora-
tion, as appears by the following extract made by Sav-
age from the New College records: "Gul. Stoughton
A. Mr. antehac Acad. Nov. Anglise graduatus, hie posi-
tus auth. Pari, rege reduci discessit 1660."

In 1662 he returned to New England, and 3 May,
1665, was made freeman of the Colony of Massachusetts
Bay.

It is stated, that, as early as the removal of Richard
Mather's "co-adjutor," John Wilson, H. U. 1642, from
Dorchester to Medfield, in 1651, Stoughton declined two
invitations to become his successor. In December, 1665,
he was again asked to settle at Dorchester, but he re-
in the Parliamentary Army, and died worth towards the advance of Learn-
in 1645 at London. ing, & one hundred acres more I
In his will, from which there is an give to the same use out of my dues
extract in the College records, he on the Blew Hill side, provided the
says: I give "vnto Harvard Col- Towne will allow it to lye in due
ledge . . . two hundred Acres of Land opposition to the former Two hun-
out of my purchased Lands on the dred, that the River only may pt
Northeast side of Naponset, about them; that is three hundred acres
Mother Brookes, that is on the ut- to the use aforesaid, to remayne to
most bounds of my ffarm next to the Colledge use forever." Mother
Dorchester Town. ... So some mead- Brook flows from Charles River in
ow & some upland about Mother Dedham along the southwest part of
Brookes, may in time be something Dorchester into Neponset River.

196 CLASS OF 1650.

plied "that he had some objections within himself against
the motion," and, though the invitation was renewed on
the last day of the same month, and was six times re-
peated, even down to the year 1670, and an appeal was
made to the elders of other churches to influence him,
he nevertheless remained inflexible.

In 1668, after the death of Mitchel, H. U. 1647, he
also received an invitation to Cambridge.

In 1 67 1 and the three following years he was annually
chosen Selectman of Dorchester. In 1671, writes Hull,
"Mr. William Stoughton, an able preacher and very
pious, but not yet persuadable to take any ofiice charge
in any church, was chosen into the magistracy, and ac-
cepted the same," an ofiice in which he was continued
by annual election till Joseph Dudley, H. U. 1665, be-
came President in 1686.

From 1674 to 1676, and from 1680 to 1686, he was
Commissioner for the United Colonies, and for the years
1673 and 1677 he was Commissioner in reserve.

May 27, 1674, "In ans' to the motion & request of
the deputjes for the county of Norfolke, it is ordered"
by the General Court, "that W" Staughton, Esq., shalbe
and hereby is appointed to keepe the County Courts in
that sheire w* the associates there for the yeare ensuing,*'
and 5 May, 1676, a similar order was passed for him
"to keepe the County Courts in Portsmouth or Douer,
and also at Wells, in Yorkshire, for this yeare."

August 9, 1676, he was put on a committee to pre-
pare a reply to a complaint coming through the King,
from Mason and Gorges, that the Colony had usurped
authority over territory of which they were the proprie-
• tors. September 6, he and Peter Bulkley, Speaker of the
House of Representatives, were chosen agents to carry
the reply to the King. The mission was important,
perplexing, and delicate. Not only were the complaints

WILLIAM STOUGHTON. 1 97

of Mason and Gorges to be met, but likewise the rep-
resentations of the "odious and rapacious" Edward Ran-
dolph respecting the opposition to the navigation laws,
besides the complaints in relation to the persecution of
the Quakers. A hearing was had before the Lords of
Trade and Plantations and the Lords Chief Justices,
subsequently before the Chief Justices alone, and finally
before the Privy Council; but the government became so
engrossed with the Popish Plot, that but little attention
was given to plantation affairs, and, after repeated appli-
cations, the agents were allowed to return to Boston,
where they arrived 23 December, 1679, having "ob-
tained nothing but time, a further opportunity for the
colony to comply with the requisitions made by the
crown/' Though many persons were dissatisfied, espe-
cially with Stoughton, whom "they thought to have been
too compliant," the General Court, 4 February, 1679-80,
acknowledging their "long & faithfull service," voted
"to each of them," in addition to former grants, "one
hundred and fiuety pounds in money, ... as a smale ret-
ribution for such their service, & an expression of" their
"good aflFection."

On the subject of this charter there were two parties
in the Colony, who, while they agreed as to the impor-
tance of the charter privileges, diflFered as to their extent
and the proper measures for preserving them. Stough-
ton belonged to the moderate party. "From the ob-
servations he made in his agency, he was convinced
it was to no purpose to oppose the demands of king
Charles; and from the example of the corporations in
England, he was for surrendering the charter rather than
to sufiTer a judgment or decree against it. In such case,
a more favorable administration might be expected to
succeed it, and in better times there would be a greater
chance for re-assuming it." Notwithstanding the dissat-

198 CLASS OF 1650.

isfaction which had been expressed on his return from
England, he was twice afterward, at intervals of a year,
chosen colonial agent, but, though strongly and repeat-
edly urged, he positively declined the office.

June I, 1677, he was appointed Captain "to the foot
company in Dorchester," and 3 October, 1680, "Majo'
of" the "regiment" of troops of the Suffolk County
towns except Boston.

February 18, 168 1-2, Stoughton and Dudley made
report of their transactions in the purchase of the
Nipmuck territory, and "as an acknowledgment of"
their "great care & pajnes," the General Court granted
to each of them one thousand acres of land in that
country. It was laid out at a place called Marichouge,
and the "platt" was accepted by the Legislature 4 June,
1685.

Stoughton and Dudley were warm friends, and com-
monly co-operated. When Dudley was "left out" of
the magistracy, at the election, 12 May, 1686, the last
which was held in Massachusetts according to the pro-
visions of the charter, Stoughton, "from complaisance
to him, refused to serve." May 15, three days after
Dudley's defeat, a commission, dated 27 September,
1685, was received, and published 25 May, making
Dudley President of Massachusetts Bay, New Hamp-
shire, Maine, and the Narragansett country, and Stough-
ton Deputy President. July 26, 1686, Dudley, with the
concurrence of the Council, placed Stoughton at the head
of the courts,' where he remained during the Presidency
of the former. He was Dudley's chief confidant. "He
was not suspected, by the body of the people, of being
unfriendly, or of want of strong attachment to the re-

^ Under the date of 27 July, 1686, ble speech at the opening of the
Judge Sewall writes, " Mr. Stoughton court**
prays excellently and makes a nota-

WILLIAM STOUGHTON. 1 99

ligious principles and to the ecclesiastical constitution
of the country, and his compliance, in taking a share
in the administration, was charitably supposed to be, at
least in part, for the sake of keeping out oppressors
and tyrants."

In the commission to Andros, who landed in Boston
20 December, 1686, Stoughton was named as one of
his Council. He consented to act, "in hopes, by that
means, to render the new form of government more easy.
By this step he lost the favour of the people, and yet did
not obtain the confidence of the governor, who would
willingly have been rid of him, seldom consulted him,
and by the influence he had over the majority of the coun-
cil, generally carried the votes against his mind."

At the new organization of the courts, according to
the order of 3 March, 1687, Stoughton was made Judge
Assistant, Dudley being appointed Chief Justice. No-
tices of several of the trials, and of the mode of conduct-
ing them, while these persons were on the bench, may
be found in Washburn's Judicial History of Massachu-
setts, and are worthy of careful perusal.

In the rising of the people against the government
of Andros, Stoughton took no part; but he joined
the popular party in signing the message to Andros, 18
April, 1689, to deliver up the fort, in order to prevent
the bloodshed which would attend an attempt to take
it by storm; and he was the first person who spoke to
Andros, when brought to the council house, "telling
him. He might thank himself for the present disaster
that had befallen him, &fr.** His name, however, is
not in the list of those who the next day assumed the
government for the time being as "A Council for the
Safety of the People, and Conservation of the Peace."
In "the election afterwards made by the people he did
not obtain one vote," nor does he appear to have had

200 CLASS OF 165O.

any office again till the arrival of the charter of William
and Mary in 1692.

When Increase Mather was in England, his son Cot-
ton Mather wrote to him: "Mr. Stoughton is a real
friend to New-England, and willing to make any amend-
ment for the miscarriages of the late government. I
wish that you might be able to do anything to restore
him to the favor of his country"; and it was through
the elder Mather's influence, that, when Sir William Phips
arrived in Boston, 14 May, 1692, with the commission
of Governor, he was enabled to bring one for Stoughton
as Lieutenant-Governor.

The Witchcraft excitement was then raging. Phips
did not wait for the assembling of the Legislature, to
whom the charter gave the exclusive power of constitut-
ing courts; but, 2 June, 1692, less than twenty days
after his arrival, appointed Stoughton Chief Justice of a
special tribunal to try cases of witchcraft, and by virtue
of this illegal authority he acted.

Stoughton, "upon whose judgment," says Hutchin-
son, "great stress was laid, had taken up this notion,
that although the devil might appear in the shape of a
guilty person, yet he would never be permitted to as-
sume the shape of an innocent person." He went upon
the bench with a bigoted zeal akin to animosity, and
proceeded with such alacrity that the first victim was
executed on the tenth of June, only eight days after the
tribunal was constituted; and before the ensuing Octo-
ber there was a series of judicial murders which has no
parallel in American history. Notwithstanding the ex-
citement of the time, there can be no doubt, that, if
Stoughton had been as zealous to procure the acquittal
as he was to bring about the conviction of the accused,
this black page in the history of New England and of
humanity could never have been written. His conduct

WILLIAM StOUGHTON.

20 1

during the trials, if conscientious, was heartless, unjust,
atrocious/

Upon the reorganization of the Superior Court, Stough-
ton was nominated, and unanimously confirmed by the

misery and death over the country.
It is a disgrace to that generation,
that it was so long suffered; and,
instead of trying to invent excuses,
it becomes all subsequent genera-
tions to feel — as was deeply felt by
enlightened and candid men, as soon
as the storm had blown over and a
prostrate people again stood erect,
in possession of their senses — that
all ought, by humble and heart-felt
prayer, to implore the divine for-
giveness."

"Chief-justice Stoughton appears
to have kept his mind chained to his
dogma to the last . . . During a ses-
sion of the Court at Charlestown, in
January, 1692-3, 'word was brought
in, that a reprieve was sent to Salem,
and had prevented the execution of
seven of those that were there con-
demned, which so moved the chief
judge that he said to this effect:
We were in a way to have cleared
the land of them ; who it is that ob-
structs the cause of justice, I know
not: the Lord be merciful to the
country ! ' and so went off the bench,
and came no more into that Court"

According to Hutchinson, when
Stoughton was informed of Judge
Sewall's public confession of his
error, " it is said," he " observed for
himself that, when he sat in judg-
ment he had the fear of God before
his eyes and gave his opinion ac-
cording to the best of his under-
standing; and although it may ap-
pear afterwards, that he had been
in error, yet he saw no necessity of
a public acknowledgment of it**

' Upham goes so far as to say:
"The Judges made no concealment
of a foregone conclusion against
the Prisoners at the Bar. No Coun-
sel was allowed them The Chief-
justice absolutely absorbed into his
own person the whole Government
His rulings swayed the Court, in
which he acted the part of prosecu-
tor of the Prisoners, and overbore
the Jury. He sat in judgment upon
the sentences of his own Court;
and heard and refused, applications
and supplications for pardon or re-
prieve. The three grand divisions
of an constitutional or well-ordered
Governments were, for the time, ob-
literated in Massachusetts. In the
absence of Phips, the Executive
functions were exercised by Stough-
ton. While presiding over the
Council, he also held a seat as an
elected ordinary member, thus par-
ticipating in, as well as directing,
its proceedings, sharing, as a leader,
in legislation, acting on Committees,
and framing laws. As Chief-justice
he was at the head of the Judicial
department He was Commander-
in-chief of the military and naval
forces and forts within the Province
proper. All administrative, legisla-
tive, judicial, and military powers
were concentrated in his person and
wielded by his hand. No more
shameful tyranny or shocking des-
potism was ever endured in America,
than in 'the dark and awful day,' as
it was called, while the Special Com-
mission of Oyer and Terminer was
scattering destruction, ruin, terror.

202 CLASS ^ 1650.

Council, as Chief Justice. His commission, dated 22
December, 1692, was renewed in 1695, and he held the
office until a short time before his death.

Hutchinson says, "The government falling into Mr.
Stoughton's hands upon Sir William's leaving the prov-
ince [in 1694], seems to have been administered by him
to good acceptance in England, and to the general satis-
faction of the people of the province." In 1698 he
"had held the reins four years, and had kept free from
controversy with the other branches of the legislature."
He "now stood so well in the esteem of the people,
that they chose him, at every election, one of the council ;
although, at the same time, he was commander in chief.
Before the year expired a new governor might arrive, in
which case he would take his place as a councellor."

Lord Bellomont, after being detained more than a
year in New York, arrived at Boston 26 May, 1699, to
assume the government. Dudley's conduct in regard to
Leisler, "together with the interest which had been made
for" him "in England in opposition to his lordship, seems
to have prejudiced him in favor of all Dudley's enemies
in New-England. Whilst he was at New- York, he kept
a constant correspondence with Mr. Cooke, one of the
council for the Massachusets, who was a principal man
of that party ; and seems to have placed more confidence
in him than in Mr. Stoughton, who ever remained, in
his heart, attached to the Dudley party."

Bellomont returned to New York "soon after the
session of the general court" of Massachusetts "in May,
1700. ... Stoughton took the chair again, with reluctance.
His advanced age and declining state of health made him
fond of ease and retirement."

Stoughton died, a bachelor, 7 July, 1701, at his house,
the site of which was on the northeast corner of Pleas-
ant Street and Savin Hill Avenue, in Dorchester. He

WILLIAM STOUGHTON. JZOJ

was entombed on the 15th, "with great honor and so-
lemnity, and with him much of New England's glory."
The funeral sermon was preached at the lecture in Bos-
ton, 17 July, 1 701, by Samuel Willard, afterward Presi-
dent of the College.

Hutchinson says, Stoughton "was nine years lieuten-
ant governor, and six of them commander in chief; had
experienced the two extremes of popular and absolute
government; and not only himself approved of a mean
between both, but was better qualified to recommend it,
by a discreet administration, to the people of the prov-
ince." Washburn says, he "seems to have been a sort
of * Vicar of Bray' politician, whereby, 'whoever the
King might be,* he contrived to be in office."

He was an extensive landholder by inheritance and by
purchase, and left an estate which was large for the time.
He bequeathed to the church in Dorchester £50, and
two pieces of plate of £6 value each, and to the select-
men of the town £50, of which the income was to be
given to the poor. He also left, with a conditional re-
version to Harvard College, £150 "towards the advance-
ment of the salary of the schoolmaster" at Dorchester;
and so well has it been taken care of that the Stoughton
school fund now amounts to about four thousand dollars.

To the church in Milton he left a piece of commun-
ion plate of £6 value, and to the town a wood-lot of
forty acres for the benefit of the poor.

He was a zealous friend of education, and especially
of the College. He had great influence in the Corpora-
tion. When he was in England, they voted, 30 June,
1679, "that y* WorshV M' Stoughton bee desired &
Empowered, to Provide a President."

His benefactions to this Institution exceeded those
of any other person during the century. At a cost of
£i,ocx), he erected the brick edifice, called, in honor of

204 CLASS OF 1650.

him, Stoughton Hall. It was situated at a right angle
with the prq^ent Massachusetts Hall, a little back of its
northeast corner, and facing to the west. The founda-
tion was laid 9 May, 1698, and the building was com-
pleted in 1699. It was one hundred feet long and
twenty broad, and " contained sixteen chambers for stu-
dents, but no public apartments." On it was placed the
inscription : —

"Deo Opt. Max. Bokisq. Literis S.

GuLiELMus Stoughton Armiger PRoviKciiE

Massachuset. Nov-Akglorum Vice-Gubernator

CoLLEGii Harvardini Olim Alumnus

Semper Patronus Fecit

Anno Domini 1699."

In his will he ordered that for five years £20 of the
income from this building should be annually appropri-
ated for the support of Elijah Danforth, H. U. 1703,
at college; after which, "a minister's son to have the
preference to others," £10 of the income was annually to
go to "some poor scholar," — his own relatives to be
preferred, "and next to them any poor scholar that shall
come from the town of Dorchester," but no one to re-
ceive it who did not "actually reside at the College,
nor for any longer than that he shall receive the degree
of A. M."

" Being originally an unsubstantial piece of masonry, it
grew weak by age," and having been injured, it is said,
by the earthquake of 1755, after undergoing many repairs
it was finally taken down in 1780. In 1804- 1805, by
the addition of $5,300 of the College funds to the sum
of $ 1 8,400 derived from lotteries, another edifice was
erected, which was likewise called Stoughton Hall, as a
"suitable acknowledgment" for Stoughton*s "bounty and
proved affection for the institution."

WILLIAM STOUGHTON.

205

He also bequeathed to the College a "pasture* in
Dorchester," and a "parcel of salt meadow," "willing
and appointing the clear profits and income of both to
be exhibited in the first place to a scholar of the town of
Dorchester, and if there be none such, then to a scholar
of the town of Milton, and in want of such, to any
Indian student, and in want of such, to any other well-
deserving scholar that may be most needy."

Stoughton likewise gave to the College a silver bowl
with a cover weighing 48 i ounces, and Eliot thinks he
probably gave also "a goblet, 21 oz."

The College Picture-Gallery contains a portrait of him,
with a view of the first Stoughton Hall in the back-
ground.

The monument over Stoughton*s grave in the Dor-
chester burial ground having fallen, the Corporation of
the College, in 1828, caused it to be repaired, and the
tablet, which was "cracked in two," to be cemented.
The elegant epitaph on it, adapted, it is said, by Ma-
ther, corresponds nearly word for word with the one by
Aimonius Proust de Chambourg, Professor of Law in
the University of Orleans, which is inscribed on the
tomb of Blaise Pascal, who died in 1662.

"GULIELMUS STOUGHTONUS, Armiger,

Provinciae Massachusettensis in Nova Anglia Legatus,

deinde Gubernator;

Nec-non Curiae in eadem Provincia Superioris

* This land, ''known by the name sum of eight hundred and thirty-five

of Stoughton or College-pasture," "el- dollars.*' In 1870^ land contiguous

evated and dry, excellent for building to it was sold for $ 1,500 and $2,000

purposes," is situated between Nor- an acre. It is estimated, that, when

folk and Washington Streets, about the lease expires, the " twenty acres

a quarter of a mile southwest from and three quarters and twenty-two

the town hall in Dorchester. April rods" belonging to the College will

i> I797y it was leased for one hun- be worth at least $ 100,000, and not

dred years, "in consideration of the improbably $ I4o^ooa

2o6 CLASS OF 1650.

lusticiarius Capitalis,

Hie lacet.

Vir Conjugij Nescius,

Religione Sanctus,

Virtute Clarus,

Doctrina Celebris,

Ingenio Acutus,

Sanguine et Animo pariter Illustris,

iEquitatis Amator,

Legum Propugnator,

CoUegij Stoughtoniani Fundator,

Literarum et Literatorum Fautor Celeberrimus,

Impietatis et Vitij Hostis Acerrimus.

Hunc Rhetores amant Facundum,

Hunc Scriptores ndrunt Elegantem,

Hunc Philosophi quaerunt Sapientem,

Hunc Doctores laudant Theologum,

Hunc Pij venerantur Austerum,

Hunc Omnes Mirantur; Omnibus Ignotum,

Omnibus licet Notum.

Quid Plura, Viator! Quern perdidimus

STOUGHTONUM 1

Heu!

Satis dixi, urgent Lachrymae,

Sileo.

Vixit Annos Septuaginta ;

Septimo Die Julij, Anno Salutis 1701,

Cecidit.

Heul Heu! Qualis Luctus!"

WORKS.

I. New-Englands | True Interest; | Not to Lie: | Or, | A
Treatise declaring from the Word of Truth the | Terms on which
we stand, and the Tenure by which | we hold our hitherto-con-
tinued I Precious and Pleasant Things. | Shewing | What the
blessed God expecteth from his People, and what | they may ra-
tionally look for from him. | Delivered in a Sermon Preached in
Boston I in New-England, April 29. 1668. being the | Day of
Election | there. || Cambridge : Printed by S.[amuel] G.[rccn]

WILLIAM STOUGHTON. 207

and M.[armaduke] J.[ohnson]. 1670. 4to. Pp. (2) An Adver-
tisement to the Reader, signed J. S., probably John Sherman;
pp. 1-38 Text; and p. (i) Texts of Scripture. //.

The same. P. (i) An Advertisement, etc.; pp. 4-40 Text,
pp. 39-40 being, in smaller type, what is contained on pp. 36-38
of the other edition, thus, when paper was imported and scarce,
saving a signature by compressing the matter. A^ //, M^ P.

The title-pages of these two editions are precisely the same,
being printed from the same form ; but for all the other pages the
types were set up twice.

This sermon contains the famous sentence, ^^ God sifted a whole
Nation that he might send choice Grain over into this Wilderness."

An abridgment of this sermon, with extracts, occupies pages
10- 13 of Elijah's Mantle. A few passages of it are printed as an
Appendix to T. Prince's Annual Election Sermon preached in
1730. //, M^ P.

were of his Council. | | n. p. Printed in the Year 1691.

4to. pp. 48. ^, M.

The same. Boston. 1773* 8vo, being pp. 51 — 59 appended
to The Revolution in New England Justified. Also in the Andros
Tracts. Boston. 1868. 4to. i. 51-59. H^ M,

Hutchinson says: "At the desire of the council and representa-
tives he [Stoughton] drew up a narrative of the proceedings of
Sir Edmund and his accomplices, signed by him and several others
of the council ; in which they modestly take exception to many
things in the administration, and exculpate themselves from any
share in them."

Authorities. — T. Alden, CoUec- Magazine for 1788, 673. D. Daven-
tion of American Epitaphs, i. 55. port, Sexton's Monitor. Deplorable
W. Allen, Biographical Dictionary. State of New England, 5. J. Eliot,
J. S. Barry, History of Massachusetts, Biographical Dictionary, 444. S. A
i. 459 ; ii- 58. N. Byfield, Account Eliot, Sketches of the History of
of the late Revolution in New Eng- Harvard College, 31, 167. J. Far-
land, 5, 20. E. Calamy, Ejected or mer. Genealogical Register, 277 ; and
Silenced Ministers, ii. 72. Chris- American Quarterly Register, viii.
tian Examiner, xxx. 68. Columbian 337. T. M. Harris, in the Collec-

2o8

CLASS OF 1650.

tioQS of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, ix. 175, 180; and Second
Century Discourse, 17 ; New England
Historical and Genealogical Register,
iv. 276. W. T. Harris, in New Eng-
land Historical and Genealogical
Register, iii. 117. Harvard College
Corporation Records, i. 35, 55 ; and
Steward's Account-Books, i. 23, 24.
History of Dorchester, 83, 107, 271.
A. Holmes, Century Sermon, 15;
and Annals i. 481 ; History of Cam-
bridge, 30; Collections of the Mass.
Historical Society, vii. 30. J. Hull,
Diary in the Archseologia Ameri-
cana, iii. 231. T. Hutchinson, His-
tory of Massachusetts, i. 351 ; ii. 23,
61, 81, 121, 125, 127. E. Jarvis,
Letter, 1871, February 4- H. Mann,
Historical Annals of Dedham, 127.
Massachusetts Bay Records, i., ii., iv.,
V. Massachusetts Histor. Society,
Collections, ii. 10; v. 74, 221, 235,
245; vii. 30; ix. 175, 180; xvi. 614;
xxvi. 239; xxviii. 251; xxxi, 13,21.
New England Historical and Gene-
alogical Register, iii. 117; iv. 52, 275 ;

V. 465; xxiii, 25. J. G. Palfrey,
History of New England, iiL 293,
342, 362, 481, etc. B. Peirce, His-
tory of Harvard University, 64, 70,
77. J. Pierce, Second Century Dis-
course at Dorchester, 19, 29. F.
W. Poole, Cotton Mather and Salem
Witchcraft, 29, 35. J. Quincy, His-
tory of Harvard University. J. Sav-
age, Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 215.
W. B. Sprague, Annals, i. 14a W.
Sullivan, Address to Suffolk Bar,
March, 1824, 23. W. B. Trask, Let-
ter, 1871, May 22. C. W. Upham,
Lectures on Witchcraft, 2d ed., 85 ;
and Salem Witchcraft, ii. 157, 250,
301, 349, 356, 358 ; Salem Witchcraft
and Cotton Mather, 15-18, 45 ; and
in Historical Magazine, xvi. 143-
146, 173. E. Washburn, Judicial
History of Massachusetts, 126, 132,
141, 145, 152, 241, 242, etc. Z. G.
Whitman, History of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, 2d
ed., 46. E. Worthington, History of
Dedham, 12.

JOHN GLOVER.

Died about 1668.

John Glover, B. A., of London, fifth and youngest
child of the Reverend Jose, Josse, or Joseph' Glover,
and second of his second wife, Elizabeth Harris, was
probably born at Sutton, in Surrey, England, where, ac-
cording to the Glover Memorials, his father was rector

* According to the Glover Memo- at Sutton, and wherever it occurs in
rials and Genealogies, the Christian EngUsh Records and in the English
name is Joseph on the church records County Histories.

JOHN GLOVER. 209

from 1628 till 1636, when he tendered his resignation,
with the design, it is said, of emigrating to New Eng-
land. Having provided at his own expense a fount of
type, and procured funds in England and Holland for
a printing establishment, he made an agreement, 7 June,
1638, with Stephen Daye to superintend it, and took
passage on board the John of London, with his family,
together with Daye, and three persons to work at the
printing, besides others, among whom are said to have
been Ezekiel Rogers and the emigrants who settled at
Rowley. His wife and children took up their residence
at Cambridge, where, in March, 1638-9, according to
Winthrop, "A printing house was begun" by "Daye, at
the charge of Mr. Glover, who died on sea hitherward,"
— or, as Bradford states, "when he was prepared for the
viage, he fell sick of a feaver and dyed," — and the first
printing-press on the continent, if we except one at Mex-
ico, and another at Lima, in South America, was put in
operation.

June 22, 1 641, the Widow Glover was married to
President Dunster, and young Glover became a member
of his family.

Stephen Daye's son, Matthew Daye, Steward of the
College, in his nuncupative will, 10 May, 1649, says,
"I give unto John Glover my lookeing Glasse."

Glover must have returned to England soon after grad-
uating, as Dunster's charges for his support nine years
and four months from the time of his 'own marriage to
Glover's mother would extend no farther than to the
latter part of the October after his graduation, and as
early as 23 December, 1651 (?), Nathaniel Mather, H. U.
1647, writes from London: "Our Glover is like, yea
more than like, sure I think, of a fellowship in Oxford
with £60 pr annum/'

William Cutter writes from Newcastle to Dunster,

14 [Printed ajt, June 17 ]

2IO CLASS OF 1650.

19 May, 1654: "Your sone M' John Glouer cald att
our house as he went into Scotland to be ouer the hos-
pitall with Coll fen wicks Bro: I hope he will proue
honest."

In a letter from London, dated 5 March, 1655,
Glover writes to his brother-in-law, John Appleton, of
Ipswich : " ' I am now come out of Scotland, my grand-
mother being dead/ ' My desire is that my sister, your
wife, should have all that I have/ *I have taken my
degrees of Doctor of Physic in Scotland/ ' Direct your
letter to Dr. Genndaires, Thread Needle street/ He
names *My father Dunster* in the letter, and signs him-
self 'Your loving brother, J. Glover.'"

He took his degree of Doctor in Medicine at Aber-
deen, and, from this letter, it would seem, as early as

1655- ,
April I, 1656, he commenced an action against Dun-

ster, to obtain a settlement for property which he alleged
belonged to his father or mother, or to both, or was be-
queathed to him by his uncle Richard Harris, but was
held by Dunster. With some of the Glover children
the controversy began as early as 1652. Dunster filed
in Court an account for diet, clothing, and other ex-
penses of the children, from the time of his marriage
with their mother till they or any of them were mar-
ried or ceased to be members of his family. Among
the numerous charges which were finally allowed, and
are found in Thomas's History of Printing, are ^143
3s. 4d. for "Jn°- Glover's liberall education for diet,
apparell and schooleing mostly at the Colledge for seven
years and two months at £20 pr an";" and £6 15s. "paid
for extraordinary expences by M' Jn°' Glover, as by note
of particulars/'

The case was continued from time to time till 15
May, 1657, when it was ordered, that "Capt. Daniell

JOSHUA HOBART. 211

Gookin, Majo' Atherton, Majo' Willard, & Capt. Ed-
ward Johnson" be "appointed and heereby authorized as
a comittee w**" full power, as the Generall Court might doe,
to heare and determine all differences between M' Henry
Dunster and M' Thomas Danforth [who had been ap-
pointed one of the attorneys for the Glovers], in behalfe
of the children of M' Josse Glover." After examining
in detail the accounts of both parties, they came to the
conclusion, that, besides several things in kind, there
was due from Dunster to Glover £117 8s. ad., leaving
debts to the amount of £57 us. ^d. to be further cleared
by Dunster before being allowed, and that Dunster was
entitled to the real estate which he bought in Sudbury.

Glover established himself in London. In a letter
dated Edinburgh, 23 February, 1658-9, Lucy Downing
writes of "Doctor Glover now being at London."

He died, unmarried, as early as 1668, in which year
Thomas Danforth administered on his estate in New
England.

Authorities. — J. Farmer, Ge- xxxviii. 4; xli. 48. New England

nealogical Register, 123. A. Glover, Historical and Genealogical Register,

Glover Memorials, 560^ 569. Harv. iii. 182. J. Savage, Genealogical

ColL Corp. Records, iii. 5. Mas- Dictionary, ii. 262. I. Thomas, His-

sachusetts Bay Records, iv. (i.) 305. tory of Printing in America, i. 205,

Massachusetts Hist. Society, Collec- 222, 458. J. Winthrop, History of

tions, ix. 180 ; xxxiL 196 ; xxxiii. 343 ; New England, i. 289.

JOSHUA HOBART.

Bom about 1629, died 17 17, aged 88.

Rev. Joshua Hobart, M. A., of Southold, Long
Island, brother of Jeremiah Hobart, his classmate, and
of the Hobarts of the class of 1667, came to Charles-
town, Massachusetts, 8 June, 1635, with his father, the

212 CLASS OP 1 650,

Reverend Peter Hobart/ who was born at Hingham,
England, and soon after his arrival here was settled at
Hingham, Massachusetts.

The two brothers, Joshua and Jeremiah, probably con-
tinued at the College till December, 1651, when the Stew-
ard's accounts with the "Sirs hubbarts" terminated, there
being no items of a later date, except " ther Commenc-
ment Chardges," "9. 6. ^2"** Besides bed-making, com-
mons, sizings, "Lent by them both toward building a gal-
lery," etc., are "Candell and wood for the publicke fyer,"
a charge not previously occurring on the College books.

May 18, 1653, both the brothers, designated as be-
longing to Hingham, were made freemen. They were
also employed successively as preachers at Bass River,
now Beverly, Massachusetts.

July 16, 1655, Joshua Hobart sailed for Barbadoes,
whence, having married, 16 April, 1656, Margaret, daugh-
ter of William and Ann Vassall, he went to London,
where he arrived on the fifth of July following.

July 18, 1657, the deed of sale of the estate of his
father-in-law, in Scituate, Massachusetts, was "signed
by Joshua Hubbard, in behalf of his late wife." If, as
may be inferred, he was at that time in New England,
he must have again gone abroad and been married, for,
according to Stiles, the graduate returned, 5 September,
1669, and "his wife died four days after, leaving (I think)
three children."

January 16, 167 1-2, he married, at Boston, John Sun-
derland's daughter Mary, widow of Jonathan Rainsford,
and had, continues Stiles, "two Daughters Octo. 5
1672, one died, the other was called Alithea — Irene
born at Boston in Apr" 1674 — ^^ Peter born Febr' 28

» The names of the early settiers of of this family, for instance, was van-
New England were often spelt with ously written Hobart, Hobard, Hob-
reference to sound rather than to cor- bard, Hubart, Hubbart, Hubbard,
rectness. The name of the members Hubberd, Hubert, etc.

JOSHUA HOBART. 213

1675-6 at Southold on Nassau Island," now Long Island.
Another son, John, was in 1715-6 and in 1733 living
at New London, Connecticut.

In 1672, after the death of John Youngs, the first
minister of Southold, previously minister at Hingham
in England, the inhabitants sent an agent to Boston for
"an honest & godly minister"; whereupon Joshua Ho-
bart went to them, and was ordained 7 October, 1674.

August 19, 1694, Benjamin Wadsworth, H. U. 1690,
who accompanied the Massachusetts and Connecticut
Commissioners to Albany to treat with the Five Na-
tions, mentions the preaching of a sermon by "Mr.
Joshuah Hubbard, (who came to Albany to see his son,
who was a Livetenant there)."

Hobart died at Southold, 28 February, 17 16-7, "near
ninety years of age and yet preached publickly within a
few months before his decease." He survived all who
graduated before Increase Mather, H. U. 1656, and
probably, with the exception of Thomas Cheever, H. U.
1677, attained to a greater age than any Harvard gradu-
ate of the seventeenth century.

Stiles writes: "He was an eminent physician, civilian
& divine, & every way a great learned pious man."

His successor in the ministry was Benjamin Woolsey,
Y. C. 1709.

Authorities. — Boston News Let- ters, 1 87 1 , May 29, 3 1 . Massachu-
tcr, 1 717, April 22. J. Farmer, Ge- setts Hist. Society, Collections, xxvii,
nealogical Reg., 146; and American 256; xxxi. 106. C. Mather, Mag-
Quarterly Reg., viii. 336. J. B. Felt, nalia, iii. 154. New England Hist,
in American Quarterly Reg., vii. 256. and Genealogical Register, x. 149 ;
E. D. Harris, in New England Hist. xvii. 57, 58. N. B. Prime, History of
and Genealog. Register, xvii. 57, 58 ; Long Island, 133. J. Savage, Gene-
and Vassalls of New England, 5. alogical Dictionary, ii. 434; iii. 502,
Harvard College Steward's Account- 503 ; iv. 233. W. B. Sprague, An-
Books, i. 25. E. C. Herrick, Let- nals of the American Pulpit, i. 69.
ters, 1855, May 4, 17, citing E. Stiles's E. M. Stone, History of Beverly, 204.
Itinerary, iii. 282. A. Holmes, An- B.F.Thompson, Hist, of Long Island,
nals of America, i. 451. S. Lincoln, i. 395, 396. S. Wood, Sketch of the
History of Hingham, 113; and Let- First SettlementofLong Island, 32,35.

214 CLASS OF 1650.

JEREMIAH HOBART.

Bom about 1631, died 1715, aged 84.

Rev. Jeremiah Hobart, M. A., of Topsfield, in
Massachusetts, of Hempstead, on Long Island, and of
Haddam, in Connecticut, has already received some notice
on page 212, in the account of his brother and classmate,
Joshua Hobart, with whom he came to New England.

After preaching some time at Bass River, now Beverly,
and at other places, he was ordained, 2 October, 1672,
at Topsfield, Massachusetts, where the Reverend Thomas
Gilbert had been preaching; the church in Rowley, "for
several reasons," declining to take part in the ordination :
one reason being, "that they had prosecuted their late
pastor, Mr. Gilbert, at Court"; and another, "that it
was too soon to settle Mr. Hobart, who had been among
them * scarcely a year.' "

Hobart's ministry "was far from being a smooth one.
His people accused him of immoralities, and withheld
his pay. He, in his turn, sued the people, and ob-
tained judgment." He was dismissed 21 September,
1680, and was succeeded in 1684 by Joseph Capen,
H. U. 1677.

April 26, 1683, "Vpok Representation made by the
Constable and Overseers in the Behalfe of the Towne of
Hempsted [Long Island] that M' Jeremia** hubbart was
and is by the Major Parte of the Inhabitants of the
said Towne Chosen and Appointed to be Minister there,"
Majo' Anthony Brockolls, the "Commander in Chiefe,"
signified his assent. May 6, 1683, he received a call to
be formally settled, on a salary of sixty-six pounds
fourteen shillings payable in corn and cattle, besides "a
three acre (home) lot, where it should be most conven-

JEREMIAH HOBART. 21 5

ient, and fifty acres of woodland, to be taken up where he
thought proper — his cattle to have liberty of commons,
and himself to have the use of all the parsonage land
and meadows, as long as he should continue their min-
ister." There was also a vote to build a parsonage
house, thirty-six feet by eighteen, with "lo feet between
the joints," to revert to the town when he should leave it.

He was installed 17 October, 1683, "and so satis-
factory were his labors, that the town made him a fur-
ther donation of icx) acres of land; but the process of
collecting his salary of £70, by voluntary contributions,
was so ineffectual," that, 9 December, 1686, he petitioned
Governor Dongan and Council for relief; stating that
he "hath for allmost five years since been lawfully called,
and after that legally approved by . . . Brockolls, to be
minister of sayd Hempst'd, yet allthough a full agreem*
was mutually had ... as to house building & comfort-
able finishing, & as to annuall Sallary &c, neither is by
the parish performed to my great damage and allmost
insupportable inconvenience."

July 3, 1 69 1, he writes to Governor Henry Slough-
ter, that, " haueing for these last eight years, & upwards,"
labored in Hempstead, and being "much afflicted for
want of that Stipend annually promised, and not duly
payd, whereby" he and his "family sustaynes great suf-
ferings & wants," he craves his " Excellency* Succour &
Relief"; whereupon the Governor issues an order "for
y* Collection & paym* of what is Due" to him.

August 24, 1691, "the proprietors and inhabitants
of Haddam, Connecticut, 'taking into consideration the
good providence of the Lord in sending Mr. Jeremy
Hobbard, Minister of the gospel, to this Town, in some
hopes to settle him as their pastor,' make him these
proposals: a salary of sixty pounds in provision pay,"
his firewood, the use of the parsonage improved land on

2l6 CLASS OF 1650.

both sides of the river, and a town grant of four acres
and a half with an orchard, on which a dwelling-house,
forty feet by eighteen, should be built for him *'witli
all convenient diligence." If he removes from Had-
dam, the house and lot are to revert to the town; but
to belong to him and his heirs, if he remains. Septem-
ber I ("or on the first week"), 1691, Hobart, being
then in Haddam, accepts the proposals, declares his
"intent and purpose to come with [his] family before
winter," and wishes a vessel to be sent by the town for
their transportation. "Before him," says B. Trumbull,
"Nicholas Noyes, H. U. 1667, preached thirteen years
in the town; but during this time no church was formed."

Edwards says, Hobart "removed from Hempstead (by
Reason of Numbers turning Quakers, and many others
being so Irreligious, that they would do nothing towards
the support of the Ministry) and came and settled in
the Work of the Ministry at Haddam.**

December 28, 1691, at a town "meting it was uoated
that thees men under righten doe ingage to cutt heaw
and frame a dwelling hows for mr huburt acording to
the tounes a Grement and to haue the frame rady to
raies by the middle of March next."

"Janeury ***: 25. 1692 [1692-3], Jt was voatted att a
LawfuUe towne meetting that Mr Hubertt should bee
paid his whole years Ratte"; also that "he was Law-
fuly calld to bee ouer Pastor and a free Jnhabitant of our
towne acording to ouer Call on the 24 of August: 91;
and the agreement between the towne acording to theire
Propositions one 24 of Aug* afores"* and Mr. Hubrts
answer to the townes comite one the beginne of Sept
folowing Stand good and are binding to boath Parties
for futer to trew Jntents, and Purposes what soe euer
and that Jt be fourth w^ Recorded."

October 25, 1692, Hobart appears to have had an

JEREMIAH HOBART. 217

invitation to Jamaica, Long Island, with an offer of
sixty pounds a year, and one load of wood from "every
inhabitant within the township."

December 8, 1693, Haddam granted him ten acres of
land, and "agreed to cutt seauenty load of wood for
Mr hubert for this year."

April 22, 1695, controversies and dissatisfaction hav-
ing arisen, the town unanimously voted, that "they doe
not esteame and acompt themselves under his charge as
pastore." "At the same meting it was uoated and the
towne hath agreed: with the consent and apribation of
naighboring chourches to imbody in chourch way"; and
9 May permission was granted by the General Assembly.

The difficulties appear to have originated in part from
the desire of the inhabitants on the east side of the river
to become a separate parish. In consequence of an
appeal to the General Court, a committee, consisting of
ministers and laymen, was appointed "to inquire into
the cause of the divisions and controversies between the
people of Haddum, and to indevour a friendly aggree-
ment and accofhodation between them if it can be ob-
teined." Field says, they met at Haddam, 25 Novem-
ber, 1698, and, "after passing various resolves with a
view to the restoration of harmony, declared upon de-
liberate consideration, that the agreement between [Ho-
bart and] them, was, both in point of law and equity,
valid and binding to each party, and they advised the
people to call Mr. Hobart to the full execution of the
office of pastor among them."

At the May session in 1700 the General Court adopted,
as a final settlement of the disputes, a report, signed by
"Abraha Pierson. T. Woodbridg. G. Saltonstall." "that
if the town of Haddum shall unanimously raise one
hundred pounds annually for the maintenance of the
ministrye in the said town fiftie of it for the mainte-

21 8 CLASS OF 1650.

nance of the Reverent M' Hobart on the west side of
the river, and fiftie of it for the maintenance of the
minister on the east side and also if the said M' Ho-
bart shall release the said town of the aggreement for-
merly made with him, the said town confirming and mak-
ing good to the said M' Hobart the house and land in
said town formerly given unto him, and the town on
the west side finding the said M' Hobart with his wood
annually it will be a hopeful expedient to issue the un-
happy differences that have been and still remain in said
town."

This decision seems to have been acquiesced in; for
in June it was voted to call a council, and 14 November,
1700, when Hobart was in the seventieth year of his
age, he was installed.

His salary of fifty pounds and firewood being insuf-
ficient for his maintenance, and not regularly paid, in
May, 1702, he petitioned the General Court for relief^
to "an ancient, dejected, and despised minister ... now
in the 72"* year" of his age. The petition is long and
somewhat curious. The extent of his salary was now
forty pounds a year. His work was more and his in-
come less, and he was unable to support himself The
people had not complied with the recommendation of
the committee in 1698, and he trusts, as "this case is
still depending upon [the Court's] issue and healing,"
God may assist them " to find out theraputicksy I mean
healing expedients more sovereign than those" formerly
recommended.

In September, 17 14, Phineas Fisk, Y. C. 1704, was
settled as his colleague.

Field says: Of Hobart's "talents and character very
little is known. He became the subject of infirmities
some years before his death, and was unable to perform
official services. Nov. 6, 17 15, being the Lord's day.

JEREMIAH HOBART. 2I9

he attended public worship in the forenoon, and received
the sacrament; and during the intermission expired, sit-
ting in his chair."

The inventory of his estate is dated 22 November,
1715.

April 6, 1659, he married Dorothy, daughter of the
Reverend Samuel Whiting, of Lynn, Massachusetts.
January 3 1, 1682-3, a "Lycence of Marriage was Granted
to Jeremiah Hubbard of Jemeca on Long Island and
Rebecca Brush of Huntington." Yet his wife Elizabeth
witnessed a deed in Haddam, 19 September, 1698; and
further, 22 January, 17 16-7, Elizabeth Hobart, formerly
of Haddam, now of Hartford, deeded the lot of her de-
ceased husband, Jeremiah Hobart, to her "loving son,"
Hezekiah Brainerd, who married Dorothy Hobart, and
was father of the eminent missionary, David Brainerd.
One of Hobart's daughters married Hezekiah Wyllis,
Secretary of Connecticut; and an only son, "a freeman,"
was residing at Boston in August, 1686.

Authorities. — - N. Geavelandy Hingham, 1 13. Massachusetts His-

Address at Topsfield Celebration, 33. torical Society, Collections, xxvii.

Contributions to the Ecclesiastical 256; xxxviii. 661. E. B. O'Calla-

History of Connecticut, 400. S. G. ghan, Documentary History of New

Drake, History of Boston, 363. J. York, iii. 120, 124. D. W. Patterson,

Edwards, Life of D. Brainerd, i. J. MS. Letters to J. H. Trumbull, 1861,

Farmer, in American Quarterly Reg- January 10, February 18; and East

ister, viii. 336. J. B. Felt, Ecclesi- Haddam Journal, 1861, February 2,

astical History of New England, ii. 9, etc. N. S. Prime, History of

499; and American Quart Reg., vii. Long Island, 281, 313. J. Savage,

255, 256, 261 . D. D . Field, Statistical Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 434. E.

Account of the County of Middlesex, M. Stone, History of Beverly, 204.

Conn., 69, 72; and MS. Letter, 1861, B. Trumbull, History of Connecticut,

January 14. Harvard College Stew- i. 492 ; ii. 528. J. H. Trumbull,

ard's Account-Books, i. 25, 26. E. C MS. Letters, 1861, January 11, Feb-

Herrick, MS. Letters, 1855, May 4, ruary 13. B. F. Thompson, History

17. C J. Hoadley, Public Records of Long Island, ii. 22-24, 102. S.

of the Colony of Connecticut, iv. 278, Wood, Sketch of the First Settlement

326, 389, 426. A, Lewis, History of of Long Island, 15, 33, 40.
Lynn, 165. S. Lincoln, History of

220 CLASS OF 1650.

EDMUND WELD.

Bom 163 ly died 1668, aged 38.

Rev. Edmund Weld, B. A., second son of the Rev-
erend Thomas and Margaret Welde, of Roxbury, Mas-
sachusetts, born 8 July, 163 1, and baptized in his father's
parish, Terling, County of Essex, England, sailed from
London, 9 March, 1632, with his father, mother, and
two brothers, in the William and Francis, and arrived at
Boston 5 June.

As the College Steward's books, which were begun
in 1650, contain no account with him, he probably did
not remain at Cambridge after graduating. He went to
Ireland and was settled in the ministry at Inniskean,
where, Alden says, he died "2 March, 1668, in the 39
year of his age."

'* Contemplating his dissolution as nigh at hand," he
wrote a "dialogue, a little before his decease, between
Death, the Soul, the Body, the World,. and Jesus Christ,
which his widow sent to his relatives in New-England."
Death begins the dialogue thus: —

"Ho ho, prepare to go with me,
For I am sent to summon thee.
See my commission seal'd with blood;
Who sent me He will make it good.

The life of man

Is like a span.
Whose slender thread I must divide.

My name is death,

I'll stop thy breath;
From my arrests thou canst not hide."

The whole Dialogue, consisting of three hundred lines
in nineteen stanzas, is printed by Alden.

Authorities. — T. Alden, Ameri- torical and Miscellaneous, ii. 265.
can Epitaphs, etc., iii. 42. J. Farmer J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
and J, B, Moore, Collections, His- iv. 456, 458.

SAMUEL PHILLIPS. 221

SAMUEL PHILLIPS.

Bom 1625, died 1696, aged 71.

Rev. Samuel Phillips, M. A., of Rowley, Massa-
chusetts, oldest son of the Reverend George Phillips,
first minister of Watertown, was born at Boxted, County
of Suffolk, England, in 1625, and at the age of five
years came with his father's family to America; being
of the company which, 20 April, 1630, embarked on
board the Arbella, with Governor Winthrop and Sir
Richard Saltonstall, and arrived at Salem 12 June.

Phillips's mother, probably half-sister of John Hay-
ward, an early settler of Watertown, died in Salem soon
after her arrival, "and was very solemnly interr"* near the
Right Honourable Lady Arabella** Johnson. His father,
"^/r Incomparabilis^ nisi SAMUELEM genuisset** died
I July, 1644, leaving a considerable family by his second
wife, Elizabeth, who was probably widow of Captain
Robert Welden. "Presently after" signing his will,
"his wife putting him in mind of the bond in Klder
Howes hand, he called Samuel to him and tould him he
had given him a double portion, and bade him let the
bond alone & give it in to yo' mother when you come
to age, but if yow take that yow shall haue no more."
The widow died 27 January, 168 1, leaving by her will,
dated 20 October, 1674, to "son Samuel all Latin,
Greek, and Hebrew books now in the house."

Cotton Mather says, the Watertown church "testified
their Affection to their Deceased Pastor^ by a Special
Care to promote and perfect the Education of his Eldest
SoHy whereof all the Country, but especially the Town of
Rowfyy have since reaped the Benefit."

March 15, 1649-50, while a member of the Senior

222 CLASS OF 165O.

class, Phillips is credited "by wages for his stewardship
for 5 weekes, 15s," "by 6^*" of butter toward his Cotn-
mencment Chardge, 3s"; and 23-5-50 "by 4 quarters of
a weather £1." He graduated at the age of twenty-
five years, after which he continued at the College
nearly a year, being charged in the mean time with
commons, sizings, study-rent, bedmaking, and "Lent
toward building the gallery"; and credited, twice, by
'*A lowance for his scollership," "15. i. 50-1 by the
return of the gallery," and at other times, "paid by
Deacken Stone of watter towne by a bush of appells,"
"mor by him 3 quarter* of a lamb," "payd by Good-
man Cloyes of watter towne by a lamb," etc.

In June, 1651, the year after his graduation, he was
settled on a salary varying from fifty to ninety pounds,
according to the expense of living, as teacher of the
church at Rowley, of which Ezekiel Rogers, an impor-
tant benefactor of Harvard College, who died 23 January,
1 660-1, in the seventieth year of his age, was pastor.

Soon after Rogers's death his widow accused Phillips
of receiving and retaining five pounds which she claimed
as her due, but which the Selectmen had ordered to be
paid to him in consideration of his carrying on the entire
work of the ministry during Rogers's illness. The con-
troversy, in which Philip Nelson, H. U. 1654, was the
leader of the opposition to Phillips, continued till the
death of the widow, 12 February, 1678-9, more than
eighteen years. In her will, dated 22 July, 1678, and
proved i April, 1679, ^^^^^ stating that she has not
received the five pounds, etc., she says, "Therefore I
would earnestly desire Mr. Sammuell Phillips and Dea-
con Jewet that they would not ronge me in this par-
ticular, least it be a greefe to them at the apearinge of
Jesus Christ."

May 26, 1679, "The church petition the General Court

SAMUEL PHILLIPS. 223

on the subject, and ask to be heard before them ; saying,
* their Rev. Teacher hath been accused of committing
an unjust and felonious act, by wronging Mrs. Rogers,
deceased, of her due, which stands upon record in Ipswich
Court, by Mr. Nelson's doings.' "

May 30, 1679, ^^^ General Court, having considered
the petition "referring to accusations against M' Samuell
Phillips, ... at the last Court, held at Ipsuich, Aprill the
first, . . . doe reuerse the judgment of Ipsuich Court
against the sajd M' Phillips in the case, and doe judge
meete, that those persons who gaue in testimony against
him, & were the occasion of his trouble, be admonished
by our honno'd Gouno' for such their offences, & pay
costs of Courts.

"And further, as to that case wherein the sajd M'
Phillips & the deacons are chardged w* wrong by M'
Phillip Nelson, referring to M" Rogers her estate, the
Court found they were innocent in that matter, and doe
order, that the paper presented to this Court as M"*
Rogers her last will shallbe annexed to hir will that is
vpon file in Ipsuich Court, the sajd M' Nelson bearing
his proportion in costs of Courts, and be also admon-
ished for his vnjust charge by our honnored Gouerno'."

While Phillips was thus annoyed, the church in Barn-
stable invited him to succeed the Reverend Thomas
Walley as their pastor. In reply to Governor Thomas
Hinckley's letter on the subject, Phillips writes: "Yours
of the 6th of June [1679] came to hand on the 15th
instant, and was read before the church in Rowley the
same day, and the result is, that almost the whole church
did show their dissent as to parting with their minister,
and not one would show any consent to it: so that, at
present, the holy providence of God doth seem to fasten
me where by his mercy I have had so long continuance.
The brethren that have dissented from me, and the

224 CLASS OF 165O.

major part of the church, as to some late transactions
amongst us (which ere long are to be looked into by a
council of our honored General Court's sending), they
will yield no consent to any motion of my going from
them ; and did express themselves, some of them, to be
utterly against my removal: and a great part of the
town are of the same mind with the church. Some
brethren did express themselves somewhat troubled that
a letter upon such an account should come from your
worship; but they did withal acknowledge that your
motion to our church was so piously, wisely, and with
good cautions, expressed, that there was no just matter
of offence. Moreover, it seems not unworthy noting,
that your godly letter, though it prevails not as to the
obtaining what your worship and your good people de-
sire (according to God) with reference to my worthless
self, yet it has (so far as I can discern) been beneficial
to unite our hearts more together, wherein your worship
has obtained one gracious end of your writing. There
has been and still is love in the body of the church, both
brethren and sisters, to their weak earthen vessel; and
speeches about parting has drawn it forth. . . .

" But that your worship and good people should have
any thoughts towards myself (a poor shrub to have
made up that breach where so fruitful a tree lately stood)
is matter of wonderment to me, especially when I con-
sider what great ground I have to look upon myself as
less than the least of all God*s saints, and also at this
time under a cloud of obloquy; yet such was your char-
ity, that you would not admit any alienating impres-
sions upon your spirits, but even at such a time express
your abundant love to me. My God and my fathers'
God reward it to you; for you have been a comfort to
me, and, as it were, companions with me in my trials.
And, indeed, so affecting is your undeserved kindness

SAMUEL PHILLIPS. 225

herein, that the thankful sense of it will (by God's help)
abide with me whilst I live. And, did Providence open
a door for my leaving the place where I am, I know no
other place that my heart is so much endeared to as
to yourselves; and the rather that I might have the
help and comfort of your worship's society, as well as
of the rest of God's dear people with you."

"As to matters depending in our honored General
Court when your worship left Boston, the issue is, that
the Lord has rolled off those unjust reproaches that
were cast upon me, blessed be his holy name! The
sentence at Ipswich Court is reversed; the complainers
admonished, and to bear the charges of our brethren at
both courts: and I hope the Lord will yet farther ap-
pear to heal our church differences, when the Reverend
Council of Churches shall come, by the advice of the
honored General Court."

The "Council of Churches" met 19 November, 1679;
** Nelson, who had been an occasion of the said differ-
ences in the church at Rowley, . . . acknowledged his
offence in all the particulars for which the church had
proceeded with him to excommunication," the church
"with much unanimity received him" into fellowship
again, and both parties "declared that they do mutually
forgive and forget whatever offences have fallen out
amongst them in these hours of temptation."

This reconciliation could not have been as sincere as
it purported to be; for in "September, 1687, an infor-
mation was filed by one Philip Nelson against the Rev.
Samuel Phillips of Rowley, for calling Randolph 'a
wicked man' and for this crime he was sent to prison."

Washburn says, "The reason given by this Nelson
for making this complaint was, partly, because he was a
Justice of the Peace, and partly * because that Christian
rules do teach us not to speak evil of the rulers of our

1 5 [Printed 1871, Sept. 8.]

226 CLASS OF 165O.

people, but to honor those that are in place and do bear
rule in our Commonwealth/ Accompanying this infor-
mation was the testimony of Ensign Piatt, who was their
witness to the speaking of the words charged, and which^
if the truth could ever justify the uttering, could never
have rendered any one amenable to punishment."

Samuel Shepard, H. U. 1658, was ordained pastor of
the church at Rowley, 15 November, 1665, Phillips con-
tinuing to be teacher. Shepard having died 7 April,
1668, Edward Payson, H. U. 1677, was ordained teacher
25 October, 1682, Phillips taking the office of pastor, in
which he continued fourteen years, till his death at Row-
ley, 22 April, 1696, at the age of about seventy-one,
after a ministry of forty-five years, at which time the
office of teacher in the church seems to have ceased.
During the last thirty years of his life, ^^ninety-three
persons were added to the church ; fifty-four of them in
four several years, viz. in 1669, 1684, 1685, and 1695."

Phillips was married in the autumn after his ordination.
"Att the request of M' Phillipps, of Rowley, who hath
been published accordinge to law, M' W" Hubbard, of
Ipswich, in the absence of a magist, is [by the Gen-
eral Court, at its session 14 October, 1651] hereby em-
powered to marry him.'* His wife, Sarah, who died 15
July, 1 7 14, aged eighty-six, having outlived him more
than eighteen years, was daughter of "Mr." Samuel and
Mary (Everhard) Appleton.

In November, 1839, "Hon. Jonathan Phillips, of
Boston, a descendant in the sixth generation," placed
over their remains "a chaste and handsome marble mon-
ument," bearing an inscription which is printed by Gage.

Of their children were George Phillips, H. U. 1686,
of Brookhaven, Long Island, and Elizabeth Phillips, who
married Edward Payson, H. U. 1677. Samuel Phillips,
H. U. 1708, minister at Andover; Samuel Phillips,

SAMUEL PHILLIPS. 227

H. U. 1734, one of the founders of Phillips Academy at
Andover; John Phillips, H. U. 1735, who, besides con-
tributing bountifully to the academy at Andover, was
the founder of Phillips Exeter Academy; Samuel Phillips,
H. U. 1 77 1, and William Phillips, Lieutenant-Governors
of Massachusetts; John Phillips, President of the Senate
of Massachusetts and first Mayor of Boston; Wendell
Phillips, H. U. 1832; besides many other eminent men,
both in the male and female line, trace back their ge-
nealogy to the worthy minister of Rowley.

According to Whitman, Phillips preached the Artil-
lery Election Sermon in 1675, but according to Felt,
who gives the text, the subject, and extracts, the sermon
that year was preached by John Richardson. In the
Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of Essex
County, Massachusetts, it is stated that Phillips "was
known publicly, by a Sermon before the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, in 1679"; ^^^ Whit-
man says the sermon that year was preached by Edward
Bulkley, of Concord. In 1678 Phillips preached the
Massachusetts Annual Election Sermon.

In 1684, during Governor Cranfield's administration
in New Hampshire, he preached at Portsmouth "two
Lord's days, viz. 13 and 20th" April, to the church and
society of Joshua Moody, H. U. 1653, they "having
been nine Lord's days without a sermon," while Moody
was in prison and prohibited from officiating.

WORKS.

1. Letters in J. Coffin's History of Newbury, pp. 103- 109.

2. " A small [Poetical] Contribution to the Memorial " of Phil-
lips, written by Payson, his colleague, son-in-law, and successor,
is printed in Gage's History.

228 CLASS OF 1650.

Authorities. — American Quar- Samuel Appleton, of Ipswich, etc.,
terly Register, xiii. 10. J. Belknap, 22. Massachusetts Historical So-
il istory of New Hampshire, Farmei^s ciety, Collections, xxxv. 26-28. C.
ed., 485. H. Bond, Family Memo- Mather, Magnalia, iii. 82, 84. New
rials, 404, 872-886. Contributions England Historical and Genealogical
to the Ecclesiastical History of Essex Register, iii. 78 ; vi. 76. W. PhiUips,
County, Mass., 367 - 369. J. Farmer, Letter, 1 850, July, containing a manu>
Genealogical Reg., 225 ; and Ameri- script genealogy. J. Savage, Ge-
can Quarterly Register, viii. 340. J. nealogical Dictionary, iii. 414 ; iv.
B. Felt, Ecclesiastical History of New 474- J. L. Taylor, Memoir of Sam-
England, ii. 567 ; and in American uel Phillips, 5, 338. E. Washburn,
Quart Reg., vii. 253. T. Gage, Hist Judicial History of Massachusetts,
of Rowley, 16, 67 - 74. Harvard Col- loi. Z. G. Whitman, History of the
lege Steward's Account-Books, i. 29. Ancient and Honorable Artillery
Massachusetts Bay Records, iii. 249; Company, 197, 212. B. B. Wisner
▼. 233. I. A. Jewett, Memorial of Sermon on W. Phillips, 37.

LEONARD HOAR.

^ Bom about 1630^ died 1675, aged 45.

Rev. Leonard Hoar, B. A., M. D., third President
of Harvard College, and successor of Charles Chauncy,
held the office earlier than any other graduate.

There is a tradition that his father was a wealthy
London banker, who died soon after arriving at Boston;
but, as nothing can be found respecting him, it is more
probable that he never crossed the Atlantic, and that
Leonard, with two brothers, John and Daniel, and two
sisters, Margery and Joanna, came to New England with
their mother, Joanna, who died at Braintree, Massachu-
setts, 21 December, 1664.

After graduating, Leonard Hoar continued at the Col-
lege till the autumn of 165 1 ; silver, wheat, malt, butter,
and "a younge stearre," being among the items put to
his credit in the Steward*s accounts.

In 1653 he "travelled over into England^^ where he

LEONARD HOAR. 229

was "a Preacher of the Gospel in divers Places." Old-
mixon says he was "beneficed at Wanstead in Essex^ I
suppose by the Presentation or Interest of Sir Henry
Mildmayy then Lord of that Manor, which he held in
Right of his Wife, Daughter of Sir Leonard Holydayy
Lord Mayor of London^ and born in Gloucestershire^ as
was this Dr. Hoar^ and perhaps a Relation as well as
Namesake. He was turned out at Wanstead by the
Uniformity Act^* in 1662.

March 27, 1661, while Hoar was settled at Wanstead,
and before he could have anticipated an appointment to
the Presidency, he wrote to his nephew, Josiah Flint,
H. U. 1664, then in the Freshman class, a letter, which
discloses more of his character and views of duty, and
foreshadows more of what he would be likely to do as
President, than can be derived from all other sources.

After upbraiding Flint in very severe language for
remissness, he says: "By all things that you can either
revere or desire, I adjure you, that you do not emulate
those unhappy youths, that reckon it a high point of
their wisdom to elude the expectations of their friends,
for a little while ; whereby they indeed not only delude,
but destroy themselves for ever.

"Your account of the course of your studies, as now
ordered, under the worthy Mr. Chauncy, is far short of
my desire." You should not "content yourself with
doing that only, which you are tasked to; nor to do
that merely as much as needs must, and is expected of
you ; but daily something more than your task : and that
task, also, something better than ordinary. Thus, when
the classes study only logick or nature, you may spend
some one or two spare hours in languages, rhetorick,
history, or mathematics, or the like. And when they
recite only the text of an author, read you some other
of the same subject, or some commentator upon it, at

230 CLASS OF 1650,

the same time. Also, in your accustomed disputations,
do not satisfy yourself only to thieve an argument, but
study the question before hand, and, if possible, draw,
in a book on purpose, a summary of the arguments and
answers on all hands ; unto which you may briefly sub-
join any thing choice and accurate, which you have
heard in the hall, upon the debate of it in public.

"Nextly. As you must read much, that your head
may be stored with notion, so you must be free and
much in all kinds of discourse of what you read, that
your tongue may be apt to a good expression of what
you do understand. And further; of most things you
must write too ; whereby you may render yourself exact
in judging of what you hear or read; and faithful in
remembering of what you once have known. Touching
your writing, ... let it not be in loose papers . . . nor
in a fortuitous vagrant way; but in distinct" paper
** books, designed for every several purpose, and the
heads of all, wrote aforehand, in every page, with inter-
mediate spaces left (as well as you can guess) propor-
tionable to the matter they are like to contain."

"As to the authors you should distil into your paper
books in general ; let them not be such as are already
methodical, concise, and pithy as possible; for it would
be but to transcribe them. . . . But let them be such as
are voluminous, intricate, and more jejune; or else those
tractabuli, that touch only on some smaller tendrills of
any science; especially, if they be books that you do only
borrow, or hire, to read. By this mean I have kept
my library in a little compass, (scarce yet having more
books than myself can carry in my arms at once, my
paper books only excepted) and yet I have not quite
lost any thing, that did occur in my multifarious wan-
dering readings. Were a man sure of a stable abode
in a place for the whole time of his life, and had an

LEONARD HOAR. 2^1

estate also to expend, then, indeed, the books them-
selves in specie were the better way, and only an index
to be made of them all."

"One paper book more add," for "such fragments
as shall occur ... to you by the by, in your reading,
and would for most part be lost, if not thus laid up."

"Be forward and frequent in the use of all those
things which you have read, and which you have col*
lected; judiciously moulding them up with others of
your own fancy and memory, according to the proposed
occasions; whether it be in the penning of epistles, ora-
tions, theses or antitheses, or determinations upon a
question, analysis of any part of an author, or imita-
tions of him, per modum geneseos. For so much only
have you profited in your studies, as you are able
to do these. — And all the contemplations and collec-
tions, in the world, will but only fit you for these. It
is practice, and only your own practice, that will be
able to perfect you. My charge of your choice of com-
pany, I need not inculcate; nor I hope that for your
constant use of the Latin tongue in all your converse
together, and that in the purest phrase of Terence and
Erasmus. Music I had almost forgot. I suspect you
seek it both too soon and too much. This be assured
of, that if you be not excellent at it, it is nothing at
all ; and if you be excellent, it will take up so much of
your time and mind, that you will be worth little else.
And when all that excellence is attained, your acquest
will prove little or nothing of real profit to you, unless
you intend to take up the trade of fiddling."

"I shall add but one thing more, for a conclusion;
but that the crown and perfection of all the rest, which
only can make all your endeavours successful and your
end blessed. And that is something of the daily prac-
tice of piety, and the study of the true and highest

232 CLASS OF 1650.

wisdom. And for God's sake, and your own both
present and eternal welfare's sake, let me not only in-
treat, but enjoin and obtain of you that you do not
neglect it: no, not a day. For it must be constancy,
constancy, as well as labour, that completes any such
work. And if you will take me for an admonitor, do
it thus : Read every morning a chapter in the old tes-
tament, and every evening, one in the new. . . . And as
you read, note lightly with your pen in the margin the
several places of remark. . . . Secondly, out of these . . .
sentences cull one or two for to expatiate upon in your
own thoughts, half a quarter of an hour, by way of
meditation. There use your rhetorick, your utmost ra-
tiocination, or rather your sanctified affections, love,
faith, feat, hope, joy, &c. . . . Those two being premised,
close with prayer; for this I prescribe, not whether it
should be lingual or mental, longer or briefer, only let
it, as well as its preparatives, be most solemn and se-
cret. . . . Do but seriously try these three last things for
some good while; and reckon me a liar in all the rest,
if you find not their most sensible sweet effects, yea, as
that christian Seneca, Bishop Hall, said before one, so
I boldly say again, do you curse me from your death-
bed, if you do not reckon these among your best spent
hours.

"Touching the other items about your studies, either
mind them or mend them and follow better, so we shall
be friends and rejoice in each other; but if you will
neither, then, though I am no prophet, yet I will fore-
tel you the certain issue of all, viz. that in a very few
years be over, with inconceivable indignation you will
call yourself fool and caitiff; and then, when it is to
no purpose, me, what I now subscribe myself, your
faithful friend and loving uncle."

In 1 67 1 Hoar received "the Degree of A Doctor of
PAysick*' at the University of Cambridge, England.

LEONARD HOAR. 2^2

**Upon some Invitations, relating to a Settlement, in
the Pastoral Charge with the South Church at Boston,**
"Hoar came over with his Lady," and landing 8 July,
1672, sojourned with his kinsman, John Hull, mint-
master, and "preached as an assistant to the Rev. Mr.
Thomas Thacher."

He brought "To the Magistrates and Ministers in
Massachusets-Bay" a letter dated 5 February, 167 1-2,
from thirteen "dissenting Ministers in and about Lon-
don," friends of the Colony, and efficient agents in rais-
ing funds for a new college edifice, who, after alluding
to the expected vacancy in the Presidency of the College,
say: "We cannot find persons whose hearts God hath
touched to goe over to you, in order to a supply of
that expected losse; . . . yet, if our advice herein be worth
attending to, we would suggest, that it having pleased
God to stirre up the heart of our beloved friend Dr.
Hoar to intend a voyage towards you by this shipping,
we do suppose a speaking providence in it, and doe
judge that God hath so farr furnished him with the
gifts of learning and the grace of his spirit, as that if
your judgments concurre with ours and his inclinations,
... he may in some measure supply that want and help
to make up this breach."

One of these thirteen ministers, John Collins, H. U.
1649, of whom there is an account on pages 186- 191,
also wrote, 10 May, 1672, to Governor Leverett a
"recommendation of. . . Dr. Hoar, who is in fellowship
with us, and yet more yours than ours, through his ar-
dent desire to serve God in what worke hee will allot
to him in your parts, where hee hath had his education,
which in the judgment of wiser men than myselfe is
thought to bee in your colledge employment, to which
hee is very well qualifyed in many things. I know what-
ever countenance or encouragement yourselfe can give

234 CLASS OF 1650.

him or the magistracy he shall not want it, for I be-
leive hee will deserve and continue so to doe."

Hull says Hoar was "sent for by the third church
in Boston: but, the President of the College being dead,
it was the earnest desire of the ministers and magistrates
that they would spare him for that work; and, upon
Nov. 15, they did yield him up to that service."

According to Cotton Mather, "Quickly after his Ar-
rival here, his Invitation to Preside over the Colledge
at Cambridge^ superseded those from the Church in Bos-
ton.'* "The Fellows of the Colledge with the Appro-
bation of the Overseers, July 13. 1672. elected Mr.
Leonard Hoar^ unto that Office."

October 8, 1672, the General Court added fifty pounds
to the one hundred usually granted for the President's
salary, "provided Doctor Hoare be the man for a supply
of that place, nowe vacant, & that he accept thereof."
Moreover, "In ans' to a proposall made by D' Hoare,
... for the better repaire necessary to be donne to his
lodging, by addition of a kitchen, &c, & making of
fences for orchards & gardens, meet for such a place &
society, it is by this Court comitted to the care & pru-
dence of the sajd doctor to effect what yet is necessary
to be donn therein; and the sajd doctor is ordered to
take of the moneys now to be brought in for the reaedi-
fying the buildings of the sajd colledge, and to take of
such materialls as shallbe brought to the place, not ex-
ceeding three hundred pounds."

At the same time, probably in conformity with Hoar's
wishes, the General Court granted to the College a
new charter, by which, among several changes, the "Cor-
poration, or any three of them, the prsesident being one,
in all crimes by the lawes of this country punishable by
one magistrate, shall haue the flfiill power of sconsing,
fineing, or otherwise correcting all inferiour officers or

LEONARD HOAR. 235

members to the sajd society belonging, as the lawes of
the country provide in such cases, or the lawes of the
colledge not repugnant vnto them; and for that end
any of the sajd corporation shall and heereby haue power
personally, w* such ayde of the society as they shall
thinke meete, taking the constable along w*** them, to
enter into any houses licenced for publicke enterteyn-
ment where they shall be informed, or may be suspi-
tious, of any enormitjes to be plotting or acting by any
members of their society." This charter, however, never
went into effect.

With very flattering prospects of success. Hoar "was
installed in the College Hall [lo] December 1672. Gov.
Bellingham lay dead in his House, and Dep. Gov. Lev-
erett was the Chief Civil Magistrat present at that So-
lemnity."

January 20, 1672-3, "The Overseers ordered the
Treasurer to pay to D' Leonard Hoar one hundred
pounds towards his transportation from England hither."

Only a few months had passed, however, when Hull
wrote: "Some troubles this summer arose in the Col-
lege, so that Dr. Leonard Hoar, their new president,
who was last year highly courted to accept the place,
was now by some wished out of it again. I cannot say
there was any apparent cause for it, more than that God
seems to threaten to make division in all orders our
punishment, as we too readily do make them our sin."
"26th, 1 2th [1673-4]. Difficulties began again in the
College. Overseers meet." "1674, 2d, ist. Committee
meet at Cambridge."

July 16, 1674, Increase Mather writes: "Cotton
having received some discouragement at the college by
reason that some of the scholars threatened him, &c. as
apprehending that he had told me of their miscarriages^
he returned home to me."

2^6 CLASS OF 1650.

August 24, 1674, Governor Leverett writes to Col-
lins: "For the busines of the colledg with us wee
have cause to be humbled, that through animosityes w^ee
should cause discouragement to those at so great distance
that wish us well, that they are hindred in their freedom
in the forwarding of that worke, I must freely say it to
you I see not the reason, but that a perverse spirit
seems to be our judgment. The Lord humble us in
the sence of it; yet I hope we are groweing over it.
The Doctor's opposers loose ground, and I hope the
worke will yet be carryed an end. The not eflFecting
the disappointment of the last commencement, and the
Lord's helping the Doctor in that act to pass with
general acceptance gives some hopes that he may gett
over the check given him in his beginning, which may
make him more cautious for time to come; who is, I
doubt, not so cautious in his comeing off from former
engagement as he ought before he enters upon new;
his not concerneing you in his relateing himselfe in
church fellowship here, I cannot looke at as indepen-
dently congregationall, I mean in a good sence. I have
not had opportunity to speake to him, but intend it;
he hath lately had an ague and since a flux, but in a
hopeful way of recovery."

Collins wrote back to the Governor, 19 March,
1674-5: "For Dr. Hoare's concerne as to the colledge,
I am very sorry that matters are soe ill that nothing
can heal that breach but his laying downe, and more
that hee should put the overseers to the utmost wayting
for it, which I think very little prudence in him; by
comparing report with report, letter with letter, I am
almost confounded in makeing a judgment of this mat-
ter; some soe severe as to lay all the blame on him
and that not only of unmeetness for the place but sev-
eral moral miscarriages; others again wholly in charging

LEONARD HOAR. Sjy

one Mr. Graves and others of the fellows, and adding
the emulation of several expecting the preferment; your-
selfe, with others most judicious, parting it betwixt both.
I chuse the medium to judge by; onely methinks a pas-
sage in your letter, more direct against him than any
thing formerly, doth a little startle mee, at least soe
far as to beg, in your next, a true account of it, namely
his want of truth in words."

At the session 7 October, 1674, the General Court,
*' by good information, vnderstanding that, notwithstand-
ing all former endeavo's, the coUedge yet remajnes in a
languishing & decaying condition," orders all persons
concerned to appear before them, and the secretary to
summon "the praesident, & former and present fellowes,
graduate & student, that were then in the colledg, whither
resident or non resident," and desires the attendance of
the Overseers, that "this Court may, if possible, take fur-
ther efFectuall course for y* revivall of that great worke,
and its future flourishing & establishment amongst us.

"After the Court had a full hearing of both the
docto', y* praesident, fellowes, and seuerall students, . . .
the president, vpon his oune voluntary motion, in con-
sideration of the paucity of schoUars, doth freely lay
doune fifty pounds of his sallery, & rests satisfied in
one hundred pounds money p annu. Vpon the same
consideration of fewness of schollars, this Court doeth
judge meet to dismisse all the officers of sallery, vntill
Court and overseers take further order; that the praesi-
dent continue his place vntill next Election Court; in
the meane time, the reuerend ouerseers are intreated to
vse vtmost endeavo's for remooveall of all obstructions
therein against the sajd Courts session, when, if the
colledge be found in the same languishing condition,
the president is concluded to be dismissed w^'^out fur-
ther hearing of the case."

238 CLASS OF 1650.

According to Increase Mather's Diary, 13 October,
"The issue" of the hearing "was that the Deputies vot-
ed to dismiss the President from his place; the Magis-
trates not so fully assenting it was voted," etc., as in the
preceding extract from the records.

Hull says, "At this General Court, the President of
the College was charged as formerly, but with more vc-
hemency, as the only hinderer of the college welfare;
when, as by most indifferent hearers of the case, it was
thought, that, would those that accused him had but
countenanced and encouraged him in his work, he would
have proved the best president that ever yet the col-
lege had."

Sewall writes, 16 October: "By Mr, Richardson's
means I was called upon to speak. Y* sum me of my
speech was, y* the causes of the lownes of the colledge
were external as well as internal."

November 15, the scholars, encouraged by the op-
position, and by the action of the General Court, all
but three whose friends lived in Cambridge, left the
College.

Cotton Mather, who was an undergraduate at the time,
says: "Considered either as a ScholaVy or as a Christian^'
Hoar "was truly a Worthy Man\ and he was gener-
ally reputed such, until happening, I can scarce tell how,
to fall under the Displeasure of some that made a Figure
in the Neighbourhood, the Toung Men in the Colledge,
took Advantage therefrom, to ruine his Reputation, as
far as they were able. . . . The young Plants turned Cud-
weedsy and ... set themselves to Travestie whatever he
did and said^ and aggravate everything in his Behaviour
disagreeable to them, with a Design to make him Odious \
and in a Day of Temptation^ which was now upon them,
several very Good Men did unhappily countenance the
Ungovemed TouthSy in their Ungovernableness. Things

LEONARD HOAR. 239

were at length driven to such a pass, that the Students
deserted the ColledgCy and the Doctor . . . resigned his
Prsesidentship."

As Quincy says, "There is a studied obscurity thrown
over the defects, if there were really any, in the character
of Dr. Hoar." Commenting on expressions in the pre-
ceding citation, he observes: "It is not difficult, from
the records of the College, to gather to whom Cotton
Mather here alludes; and it is due to the memory of
Dr. Hoar to say, that the conduct of 'those good men,
who made a figure in that neighbourhood,' and thus
encouraged, the discontented youth, greatly exceeded, in
dereliction of incumbent duty, any thing that appears,
or was ever suggested, against him."

His election to the Presidency, "it was asserted at
the time, had occasioned a disappointment to ^the emu-
lation of some expecting the preferment J This, probably, is
the clue to all the difficulties which assailed and over-
came President Hoar. ... A year had not elapsed before
the students began ^to strive to make him odious.^ In the
midst of these difficulties, Urian Oakes [H. U. 1649],
Thomas Shepard [H. U. 1653], Joseph Brown [H. U.
1666], and John Richardson [H. U. 1666], members of
the Corporation, all resigned their seats at that Board,'

* According to a manuscript, of M' Jn** Richardson, declared y^ they

coniparatively modern date, in the resigned up their places of Fellows in

first volume of the Harvard College y® Coll:

Papers, "In 1673 w" y« difficulties " W° by reason of those difficulties

of >■* Coll: in M' Hoar's time were M' Russell, & M' Taylor declin'd y«

coming on, for help thereof it was business of y« Coll: y« Overseers did

propounded by y* Overseers y* there indeed desire y* M' Oaks, & M'

might be Fellows chosen to Supply Shepard would continue to Assist in

y« Stud** w**" Tutors. Accordingly y* business of y* Coll: as Fellows,

M' Dan"^ Gookin, M' Dan" Russell, but upon D' Hoars Death, M' Oakes

& M' Joseph Taylor, being Nomi- was made Presid' & w'* M' Shepard

nated & proposed by the Corp: were dyed in 1677 y^ Overseers recom-

chosen Fellows. mended it to y* Corp: to choose a

**And upon it M' Urian Oaks, Mr Fellow y* might be resid* & officiate,

The: Shepard, M' Joseph Brown, & on y« place, w^ they did."

240 CLASS OF 1650.

leaving it without a constitutional majority, and with
no quorum to act, and the President without support.
They all fall within the description of ^good men, zvho
made a figure in that neighbourhood^ and whoy in a day of
temptation^ encouraged^ the contumacious. Whether emu-
lation, or hope of preferment, had any influence in this
course of conduct, must be a matter of inference. It is
certain, that no conduct of Dr. Hoar could justify, or
even apologize, for such a resignation of a majority of
the Corporation in the actual state of disorderly com-
bination in the College. Their resignation occasioned
an alarm in the Board of Overseers; who petitioned
them to continue, or at least assist at the meetings of
the Corporation, and finally warned the remaining mem-
bers, that, unless their numbers were filled up, they
would endanger their charter privileges. Oakes, Shep-
ard, and the rest persisted in their resignation. The
Corporation reelect Oakes and Shepard, and they per-
sist in not accepting the trust, until the 15th of March
1675. On this day. Dr. Hoar sent in his resignation
of the presidency. On the same day, Oakes and Shep-
ard took their seats as members of the Corporation, and
the seat Dr. Hoar had quitted was given to the Rev.
Mr. Oakes. . . . Being importuned to accept the presi-
dency, he refused, but took the superintendence of the
College, with the rank and duties of President, which
he held four years."

Oakes, "being settled in Cambridge, and a fellow of
the Corporation, before the arrival of Dr. Hoar, and
possessing qualities suited to the appointment, had prob-
ably ingratiated himself with the. students and with per-
sons of influence in the immediate vicinity of the Col-
lege, and had been regarded by them as the natural
successor of President Chauncy; an expectation which
it is not unlikely his own heart fostered. The strong

LEONARD HOAR. 24I

recommendations brought by Dr. Hoar, and the efficient
declaration in his favor by the General Court, in a man-
ner compelled his election. The event disappointed both
the students and Mr. Oakes, and led the former ... to
'turn cudweeds and travestie whatever he did and said,
with a design to make him odious,' and the latter to
countenance these proceedings, by relinquishing his seat
in the Corporation until Dr. Hoar had resigned. *The
emulation of some seeking the preferment,' to which
Mather attributes the difficulties of Hoar, is applicable
to no one except Oakes."

Quincy dwells long on this view of the origin and
progress of Hoar's troubles, attaching to it more im-
portance than it seems to deserve, without even allud-
ing to Thomas Graves, H. U. 1656, who also has been
supposed to have been Hoar's rival. The part taken by
Oakes has already been noticed, on pages 178-180.*

« The following extracts, now print- Mr. Danforth would meet with oppo-
ed for the first time, are chiefly from sition among the Overseers because
Belknap's copy of the Diary of In- of his subscribing against the former
crease Mather, who, 1 1 March, 1674-5, President, & I thought it was no pru-
in the midst of the difficulties, "did dence to revive those matters, but
by the unanimous desire of the Over- studiously to avoid temptations of
seers of the College then assembled that. But Mr. Shepard's spirit was
accept of a fellowship." raised, and he said that now he was
March 15, 1675, The Overseers of resolved more for Mr. D. and against
the College "with the Corporation Mr. C. than before. And if the Over-
desired Mr. Oakes to be President seers did object that against him he
pro tempore till after the Commence- would take that as to himself. Mr.
ments." Oakes also said, that except the Over-
April 19, "We restored the salary seers would declare an absolute am-
officers of the College to places nesty as to what was done against
again.** the former president he would not ac-
'* April 26, 1675, The Corporation cept of the Presidentship pro temp.^
met at Cambridge to consider about & so he desired there might be an
choosing fellow, &c. Mr. Richards Overseers meeting to clear that mat-
& I voted for Mr. Corlet, Mr. Oakes, ter.

Mr. Shepard & Thacher voted for " At night I went to the Governor's

Mr. S. Danforth, Mr. Gookin was & acquainted him with proceedings

neuter. I told the Corporation that & mentioned that of another Over-

1 6 [Printed X87Z, s«pt &]

24^

CLASS OF 1650.

What Quincy regards as "the clue to all the difficul-
ties" was no doubt an important element in them. So
also was Hoar's act in joining a church in Boston before
receiving a dismissal and recommendation from the one
to which he belonged in England.

There is, however, another view of this subject, which
does not appear to have received the consideration it
may deserve.

It is obvious from the letter to Flint, which has been

seers meeting. He was not free that
there should be any meeting before
the General Court

" I desired of the Corporation that
the scholars might have their studies
as formerly, viz., that they might have
them who last possessed them, but it
was objected that that would be to put
more respect upon those scholars that
continued in the College till the last
than upon those who opposed the Dr.,
&c., and so it would not be granted,
except my urgency did cause a con-
cession, but I was not willing that it
should be on my account, & said that
I would not urge it only propound it.

" By these (in my weake judgment)
wilful and selfish motives the hopes
of the College's reviving are at pres-
ent dashed. It may be the sin for
which this desolation is come upon
the College is not seen & lamented
as ought to be & so the Lord is
pleased to frown still. I believe that
the violence of the Conduct is

one special cause of this Calamity
but (Mr. Oakes &c.) better men than
myself will not believe that there is
such guilt."

"Sept 30 [1675]. The Overseers
meet to consider of the state of the
College. It was a very uncomfortable
meeting. Sad hearts and reflections.
This time the Lord kept me that I

did not speak one passionate word
(that I remember) but expressed my
dissatisfaction in some particulars (es>
pecially that of abusing freshmen as
they come into the college) modestly
and lovingly. Yet Mr. T. [Thacher ?]
did strangely turn upon me (though
none heard but myself what he said)
that he wondered at my great
against his son. I asked him what
he meant, told him he was &

in a passion & grieved the spirit of
God by such words.

"At evening I went to his house
to know what he intended, he told me
these words were suddenly spoken, he
was sorry for them, &c., only he was
troubled that I had deprived his son
of two of his pupils. I told him I
had only taken my own son, & gave
my reasons for it, at which he seemed
to think I had just cause for what I
did.

"Ah poor N. E. thou art sick in
the head and in the heart and not
like to live long."

May not one of the elements in
Hoar's difficulties have been a deter-
mination to put an end to the "abus-
ing Freshmen," which is mentioned
by Mather, whose son, Cotton Ma-
ther, had been driven from College by
intimidation?

LEONARD HOAR. 243

cited, that Hoar's standard of scholarship was very
high, and that the spirit with which he administered
censures would be far from conciliatory. Flattered
by an invitation to a settlement in Boston, and by
his reception on arriving there from London, elated by
his speedy and enthusiastic election to the Presidency,
with self-assurance increased by prompt concessions to
his constant demands, fortified by additional privileges
and powers conferred by a new charter, the community
apparently ready to co-operate in every measure proposed
by him, he undoubtedly entered upon his duties with
the conscientious determination to bring the College up
to his very high idea of what it ought to be. Urging
his views with pertinacity, and thoroughly convinced he
was right, he would naturally with the students be very
strict and exacting, while he would not be likely to
yield graciously to his comparatively young associates in
office when they diflPered from him, and might be over-
bearing and rough when they opposed him. Herein,
perhaps, lay the cause of his failure. Officers indignant
and averse to associating with a man disinclined to
regard their opinions, and students humbled and smart-
ing under corporal punishment inflicted by the prison-
keeper at the instance of the College Government, would
be likely to make common cause against the adminis-
tration. As soon as the tide of his popularity began
to ebb, it would take with it not only the disaflfected,
but all who felt that the College could never flourish
while a man towards whom there was a general, bitter,
and apparently irreconcilable hostility was at the head
of it, and that the only remedy was to bring to an end
a presidency, from which the incumbent, conscious of
being ill-treated, and stung with mortification, seems to
have been very unwilling to retire. Even his friend
Collins, as mentioned on page 188, when he heard of

244 CLASS OF 1650.

the "concussions .•• at the colledge," endeavored to
restrict to the most literal interpretation the language
of the letters which Hoar brought from England, and
to neutralize their effect by adding: "I hope that noe
recommendation of ours will cause you to continue him,
if you find him unfitt; better hee suffer than the glory
of the college bee mined."

Eliot, in speaking of the beginning of the difficulties,
says: "It is left quite uncertain ... to what all this
uneasiness is to be ascribed. One can hardly avoid the
suspicion, that some part of it must be attributed to a
feeling of rivalry; and yet it may easily have been the
case that Dr. Hoar was one of those not uncommon
persons, who, though excellent, and even wise, in many
relations, have yet mistaken their vocation ; and thus that
the dissatisfaction was justified by his unfitness, in some
respect or other, for the place he had assumed."

"But the Hard and Ill\i%z!g^^^ says Mather, which
Hoar "met withal made so deep an Impression upon
his Mind, that his Grief threw him into a Consumptiotty
whereof he dyed Novem. 28. [1675] ^^^ Winter follow-
ing [his resignation of the Presidency], in Boston \ and
he lies now interred at BraintreeJ*

The history of Hoar's wife and her relations is not
less remarkable than his own. He married Bridget,
daughter of John Lisle, the regicide, a lawyer of dis-
tinction, who enjoyed great favor and authority under
Cromwell, by whom he was made one of the Commis-
sioners of the Great Seal. At the Restoration his prop-
erty was confiscated, and he fled to Lausanne, where, as
he was going to church, he was assassinated by three
Irish ruffians, who hoped by this service to make their
fortunes.

Hoar's wife's mother, the widow Alice or Alicia Lisle,

LEONARD HOAR. 245

was arraigned before Jeffries on the charge of high trea-
son, for receiving into her house, from motives of hu-
manity, a lawyer and a clergyman who were suspected
of having been concerned in Monmouth's Insurrection,
She was aboujt seventy years old, and so feeble as to
fall asleep from exhaustion during the trial, but was nev-
ertheless denied the aid of counsel, treated brutally by
Jeffries, convicted, and sentenced, 28 August, 1685, "to
be drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution" and
"to be burnt alive" the same afternoon. The execu-
tion, however, was deferred till 2 September, when, upon
her petition, it was "altered from burning to behead-
ing," and the head and body were delivered "to her
relatives to be privately and decently interred." A long
account of her trial and cruel treatment, together with
her defence and dying speech, is contained in the State
Trials, xi. 298-382. In the first year of William and
Mary, upon the petition of her daughters, Tryphena
Lloyd and Bridget Usher, the conviction, judgment, and
attainder of Alicia Lisle were repealed and reversed.

November 29, 1676, Hoar's widow married Hezekiah
Usher, of Boston, merchant. The connection was not
a happy one. She left him, and with her daughter
Bridget sailed for England, where she remained till after
his death at Lynn, 11 July, 1697. Sewall writes: "1687,
Tuesday, July 12. I go to Mr. Usher's about 5. mane,
. . . About 7 or Eight we goe on Board, the Ship being
under Sail, Go with them to Alderton's Point. Mr.
Usher wept at taking leave of 's Wife and Daughter.
Before went from Mr. Usher's, Mr. Moodey went to
Prayer in behalf of those going to sea, & those staying
behind in a very heavenly maner." But in Usher's will,
dated at Nonacowcos Farme, 17 August, 1689, ^^^ P^^"
lished in The Historical Magazine, the language in re-
lation to his wife is almost, savage, and he cuts her ofF
from all his property except "what the law doth allow."

246 CLASS OF 1650.

Wadsworth says: "I never heard to the contrary,
but that from her Youth up, her Life was Sober, Ver-
tuous. Religious. Ever since I have known her (which
has been many Years) she has had (and I think justly)
the Character of an holy, blameless, close Walker with
God. She was firm and stedfast in the Faith, even to
the end. She so walked, as to adorn the Doctrine of
God our Saviour. She was watchful not only over her
Actions^ but over her Words too ; far from that backbiting^
reviling temper, which too shamefully and commonly
appears in many. . . . She was a wonderful Example of
Christian Patience under great Pains and Bodily Afflic-
tions. ... Her great Sollicitude was (as appear d from
Discourse and Conference) to be a Christian indeed^ to
have Faith Unfeigned^ to have Integrity and Uprightness
of Soul before God that trieth the Hearts^

When Increase Mather lost a part of his library by
fire in 1676, she requested him "to take what he Pleased
from the Library of her Deceased Husband," Doctor
Hoar. Among the Mather manuscripts I have seen a
catalogue of the books which "by y* great bounty of
Madam Usher" he selected.

She died at Boston on Saturday, 25 May, 1723, writes
Sewall, "after about a fortnight's Indisposition; & ac-
cording to her express desire was Interr'd at Braintry
May 30^^ in the Grave of D! Leonard Hoar her first
Husband, and her youngest Daughter Tryphena, & The
Doc*" Mother & Sisters. The Corps was attended
about half a mile in y* Streets leading thitherward by
the Bearers being the Honb^f W~ Dummer, Esq' L*
Govf & Comd' in Cheif, Sam^ Sewall, Penn Townsend,
Edward Bromfield, Simeon Stoddard, Edmund Quincey
Esq;* & many other principal Gentlemen & Gentle-
women of y* Town Mf Leonard Cotton being the prin-
cipal Mourner — It pleased God to afford us a very

LEONARD HOAR.

247

comfortable day for the Solemnity, wherein the Execu-
tors Coif Quincey, M' Flynt & other Gent, with several
Gentlewomen of her cheif Acquaintance proceeded to
Brantry on Horse back & in Coaches. The Distance
is very little above ten Miles."

"Epitaph wrote for the Tomb of

Leonard Hoar, Doctour of

Phisicke who departed this life

In Boston the 28 November,

Was interred here the 6 December

And was aged 45 years.

Anno Dom, 1675.

"Three precious friends under this tomb-stone lie,
Patterns to aged, youth, and infancy.
A gfreat mother, her learned son, with child ;
The first and least went free, he was exil'd.
In love to Christ, this country, and dear friends
He left his own, cross'd seas, and for amends,
Was here extoU'd, envy'd, all in a breath.
His noble consort leaves, is drawn to death.
Strange changes may befall us ere we die,
Blest they who well arrive eternity.
God grant some names, O thou New-England's friend,
Don't sooner fade than thine, if times don't mend/'

S. Deane gives the following abstract of Hoar's will,
dated 1675: "To daughter Bridget 2oo£ at 21, or
marriage with her mother's consent. To my brother
Daniel, whose zeal and perpetual kindness I can never
remunerate, my stone signet and my watch. To my
dear brother John a black suit. To my dear sisters
Flint and Quinsey, each a black serge gown. To cousin
Josiah Flint, out of my Library, Rouanelli [Ravanelli]
Bibliotheca. To my cousin Noah Newman, Aquinas'
Sermons, and to them both the use of any books and
manuscripts of mine on Divinity, they giving a note to

248 CLASS OF 1650.

return them on demand. My medical writings to my
wife's custody, till some of my kindred addicted to those
studies, shall desire them, and especially John Hoar's
or any other of my brothers* or sisters* sons or grand-
sons."

According to the Boston News Letter, "after some
Legacies to her Grand Children and others," Mrs. Hoar
(at her decease Mrs. Usher) "bequeathed the Residue of
her Estate to Mrs. Bridget Cotton, Wife of the Reverend
Mr. Thomas Cotton^ of London, being the Daughter and
Heir" of Doctor Leonard Hoar, and born at Cam-
bridge, 13 March, 1673. She was married to Cotton, 21
June, 1689. To this marriage, and to the husband's ac-
quaintance with Colman, H. U. 1692, when in England,
is probably to be traced the interest felt by Cotton in
the College. In 1724, with the prospect that Colman
would accept the office of President, he sent one hun-
dred ptounds sterling to augment the President's salary,
and three hundred pounds more for books or charity ;
and in 1726 he added another hundred pounds sterling
from himself and his wife Bridget, the daughter of the
persecuted Hoar, directing that the income of it should
be appropriated to the augmentation of the President's
salary.

WORKS.

1. Letter to Josiah Flint, March 27, 1661. Printed in the
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, vi. 100-108.

2. Index Biblicus : | Or, | The Historical Books | of the Holy |
Scripture | Abridged. | With each Book, Chapter, and Sum | of
diverse matter Distinguished. | And a Chronology to every emi-
nent Epocha I of Time Superadded. | With an Harmony of the
Four Evan- | gelists : and a Table thereunto. | A singular help for
all Persons of what age, | rank, or ability soever ; for their better
knowledge, | remembrance, and observation : of that only sure, |
and perfect Fountain of Divine Light : Rule of | Christian Life : &
Foundation of Everlasting Hope. || London. Printed by Thomas

LEONARD HOAR. 249

Leach. 1668. i2ino. Pp. (71) without being numbered. Anony-
mous. P.

The same. London. 1669. i2mo. pp. 71. P.

Apparently, with the exception of the title-page, identical with
the preceding. A copy in the Prince Library has the pages
bordered with ruled red lines, contains in manuscript ^^For my
very valued freind & kinsman M' John Hull, at Boston in New
England," and has ^^L H." stamped in gilt letters on the sides.
At the end "Mary Sewall" is written twice.

This work was afterward published with the title : —

Index Biblicus Multijugus : | Or, | A Table | to the | Holy Scrip-
ture: I Wherein each of its Books, Chapters, and | divers matters
are distinguished | and epitomised. | Together with some eminent
Synchronisms, | Parallelisms, Reconciliations of places seem- | ingly
contradictory, Comparations of Prophe- | cies, and their fulfillings,
a Chronology to | every eminent Epocha of time, and a Harmony |
of the Evangelists, with a Table referring each | verse in them to its
due place in the Harmo- | ny, &c. | All which, and their respective
uses, are explained | in the Epistle to the Reader. || The Second
Edition Corrected and Enlarged. London. Printed for John Wil-
kins. 1672. sq. 8vo. or i6to. pp. (12), 144, 54, (34). Under
the L. H. at the end of the Dedication, Thomas Prince wrote
"Leonard Hoar." P.

3. The first of the series of catalogues which, since 1700, has,
with perhaps a single exception, appeared every three years, and is
familiarly called the Triennial, was published in 1674, while Hoar
was President. The only copy known to exist was found in
1842 by James Savage, H. U. 1803, in the State-Paper Office in
London, and has been printed in the Proceedings of the Historical
Society of Massachusetts for October, 1864, page 11 ; a limited
number of copies with a title-page being issued separately. It was
undoubtedly prepared by Hoar. It is distinguished from modern
Triennials by the absence of italics to designate ordained min-
isters, of stars designating deaths, and of obituary dates. The
surnames as well as the Christian names are Latinized ; and the
Catalogue has, what does not appear in modern Triennials, a Dedi-
cation, somewhat like the dedications prefixed to the modern pro-
grammes for Commencement, but with this difference, that in the
latter these dedications are by the members of the graduating
classes, and in the former by the President.

250 CLASS OF 1650.

''JOHANNI LEFERETTO Armigero,

MASSACHUSE'ITENSIS COLONIC GUBERNATORI :
Caterisque Coloniarum Nov-Anglica gentis Dicaarchis Colendissimis ;

Ac £arundeni Fice-Gnbernatorihus 8c MAGISTRATIBUS ASSIST£NTIBUS ;

Authoritate, Prudentia, & irera Religione non min'i ornadt quam Honoratis Viris t

Et ColUgii Harvardini Curatoribus Perbenigne Vigilantissimts^

Patronii & Beneiactoribai Munificentlssimis :

Nee Non

Omnibus Ecclesiarum Presbyteris^ Doctrina^ dtgnitate^ ^ sincera Pte-

fate Meritissime Reverendis :

OmnibuM ttiam in eodem Iticfyto Lycao dextre & fideliter Docentibui atfue Regentibut

Hanc Sobolit Harvardinx, per trium & triginta Annorum spatium ad Gradum aliquem

in Artibus admissx Catalogum

Tanquam Memorialem & votivam Tabulam :

Honoris^ Gratitudinis, £ff Jmoris Erg\ Devotissimi Consecrat

L. nr

At the end of the Catalogue are the following Latin verses, ap-
parently prepared by Hoar for the occasion : —

" "TT N regis magni diploma insigne Jac9hi!
V ^ Quo data in Hesperiis, terra colenda piis.
Regum illustre decus> premat ut vestigia patris

Carolus innumeris regibus ortus avis»
Sapplicibus diploma novis dedit : unde Colon!

Protenus arva colunt^ & fata laeta metunt.
Sed neque cura minor juvenum cultura : & alumnis

Musarum Harvardi est munere structa domas^
Patroni^ patres» & cum rectoribas almis^

Cura^ consiliis^ muneribusque fovent.
Unde &vente Deo^ in sylvis Academia surgit;

Heu quam non similis matribus Anglicolis
Non matrona potens» ut vos: sed sedula nutriz:

Vivet in obsequiis matribus usque suis.
Si nos amplecti> prolemque agnoscere vultis. [J

Quae vestrae soboli gaudia ! quantus honos !
Plngitur his tabulis studiorum messis, honores

Pro merito juvenum munere, more dati.
Inter victrices lauros tibi CaroU serpat,

Qux spica est segetis, quam tibi sevit Avus.

Macti estoti pit juvenes ; atque editefructus
Condignos Vistro semine, Rege, Deo**

LEONARD HOAR. 25 I

[The following translation, which is almost word for word, is furnished
by a graduate, who has taken a special interest in the Catalogues : —

**Lo the famed charter of the great king yames!
By which here in the West was given a land
To pious men, by their hands to be tilled.

Charles, too, bright honor of the royal name,

Descended from innumerable kings,

That he might press the footsteps of his sire

Another charter to new suppliants gave :

Hence do the Colonists go on to till

Their arable fields, and joyful reap their crops.

But the due culture of our rising youth,
The Muses' nurslings, is no less a care :
And, by the noble gift of Harvard, here
There has for them been built a fitting home ;
Patrons and fathers and kind governors
Foster it with care, with counsels, and with gifls.

Thus, by God's favor, rises in these woods
A young Academy. Ah ! how unlike
Her mothers, dwelling on the soil of England !
No powerful matron is she, such as ye ;
But yet, a faithful and a sedulous nurse,
She in all reverence towards you will live.
If you embrace us and your offspring own,
What joy, what honor, to your progeny I

Upon this tablet there is painted out

The gathered harvest of our studious youth,

Honors conferred as their deserved reward.

*Mong thy victorious laurels let there twine

This spike, O Charles, culled from the ripened growth

Of a fair field thy Grandsire sowed for thee.

Go on, then, pious youth J and bring forth fruits
Worthy your origin, your King, your God"]

I By Leonard Hoar, M. D. | Sometime Preacher of Gods

Word in Wanstead, || Boston, Printed by John Foster. 1680.

25^

CLASS OF 1650.

4to. Pp. (6) The Epistle Dedicatory to Mris. Bridget Usher my
ever honoured Aunt, signed Josiah Flint ; and Text pp. 24. M.
In the Epistle Dedicatory of this sermon, which was printed
after the author's death, Flint, having spoken of friends receiving
deadly wounds in the house of their friends, says : " I am very sen-
sible, in the Sufferings and Death of your deservedly honoured
Companion, and guide of youth, there was that, which except God
give your self, and all other friends, much Wisdom, and Grace to
ballance their spirits, the Devil may improve it to work a Prejudice
of spirit against the Civil Government, Churches, Schools of
Learning, against the holy wayes, and the Servants and Saints of
God."

Authorities. — Annals of Eng-
land, iii. la J. Bartlett, Progress
of Medical Science, 9; and Collec-
tions of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, xi. 107. J. Belknap, Inter-
leaved Triennial Catalogue. H.
Bond, Family Memorials, 297. Bos-
ton News Letter, 1723, June 27. E.
Calamy, Ejected or Silenced Minis-
ters, ii. 312; and Continuation, 490.
S. Deane, History of Scituate, 286.
S. A. Eliot, Sketch of the History of
Harvard College, 22. J. Farmer,
Genealogical Register, 145; and
American Quarterly Register, viii.
340. H. Flint, Epistle Dedicatory
to L. Hoar's Sermon on Lady Mild-
may. T. Foxcroft, Sermon after the
Funeral of Dame Bridget Usher,
with a Preface by B. Wadsworth.
Harvard College Steward's Account-
Books, i. 31 ; and Corporation Rec-
ords, iii. 56 ; and Manuscript Papers,
i. 10. HistoricalMagazine, xiv. 12a
J. Hull, Diary, in the Archaeologia
Americana, iii. 233, 235, 236, 241.
D. Hume, History of England, 1685,
Chapter hex. T. Hutchinson, His-
tory of Massachusetts Bay, i. 174;

and Collection of Papers, 431, 435,
445, 464, 471. W. P. Lunt, Two
Hundredth Anniversary Discourses,
96. Massachusetts Historical Soci-
ety, Collections, vi. 100; xi. 107;
xxxi. 17-19; and Proceedings, 1864,
October, pages 10- 17, and 1865, June,
page 310. Massachusetts Bay Rec-
ords, iv. (ii.) 535-537; V. 20, 31.
C. Mather, Magnalia, iv. 129 ; and Pa-
rentator, 79. New England Histori-
cal and Genealogical Register, i. 112 ;
iv. 92 ; vii. 206 (bis) ; ix. 1 54 ; x. 29.
[J. Oldmixon], British Empire in
America, 2d ed., i. 218. L. R. Paige,
Manuscripts. J. G. Palfrey, History
of New England, iii. 93. B. Pcirce,
History of Harvard University, 41.
J. Quincy, History of Harvard Uni-
versity, i. 31-38, 471- J- Savage,
Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 431 ; iv.
363, S. Sewall, Manuscript Letter
Book, 1723, June 12 ; and New Eng-
land Historical and Genealogical
Register, i. 112; American Quarterly
Register, xi. 269. B. Wadsworth,
Preface to T. Foxcroft's Sermon on
B. Usher. G. Whitney, History of
Quincy, $7-

ISAAC ALLERTON. 253

ISAAC ALLERTON.

Died after 1682 and before 1700.

Isaac Allerton, B. A., born at Plymouth about 1630,
was son of Isaac Allerton, the Pilgrim, who in 1620
came over in the Mayflower, and married in 1626, for
his second wife. Elder William Brewster's daughter.
Faith, who died in 1633, having probably had no other
child but this son.

The leaf of the Steward's Account-Book containing the
items charged against Allerton having been cut out, there
is no way of definitely settling the question whether he
was one of the many graduates who remained at the
College after taking their degrees. But among the pay-
ments by him while an undergraduate, of which the
records are preserved, are, "27-4-50" and "9-5-50,'*
sums in silver, and "17-10-51 Pay** by sack that he
brought into the Colledge att his Commencmente and
was Chardged vpon the rest of the Commence" accord-
inge to ther Proportion £1. 8s."; and as this item, per-
taining to the time when he graduated, is the last in the
accounts, the probability is that his connection with the
College terminated when he took the degree of Bache-
lor of Arts.

Except indirectly, in the record of the births of his
children at New Haven, I find no further allusion to
him till he appears in connection with the settlement
of the estate of his father, who, having been engaged
in commerce, in which he experienced many reverses,
died insolvent, early in 1659, at New Haven. When
the inventory was brought into Court, 5 April, 1659,
it is recorded that the son "was now gone from home."
July 5, having returned, he presented in person what

254 CLASS OF 1650.

purported to be his father's will, it being "little else
than a few hasty memoranda of debts due to him, which
he desired his son Isaac, and his wife to receive and
pay out to his creditors 'as far as it will go/" This
document, informal and without date, but sworn to by-
subscribing witnesses, mentions debts in Barbadoes, Dela-
ware Bay, and in Virginia ; and it would have been nat-
ural for the son to spend at least a part of the interval
after his graduation at some of the places where his
father was trading.

He "pfessed his discouragment to proceed in that
trust*' of settling the estate, and all that was said "pre-
vailed not to hinder him fro renouncing & refusing to
vndertake the matter"; but he bought of the creditors
"the dwelling house, orchard & barne, w* 2 acres of
meadow," etc., and by deed dated 4 October, 1660, "not
naming any place to which he belonged, or at which he
was, at the time of executing the instrument," he alien-
ated to "his 'mother-in-law, Mrs. Johanna Allerton, the
house that she now dwells in at New Haven New Eng-
land,' with all the furniture in it, and the lands and
appurtenances belonging to it, and also some other per-
sonal property, to hold and enjoy during the term of
her life, and afterwards to return into the possession of
his daughter, Elizabeth Allerton and her heirs, and in
case of her dying without issue, then to return to him,
the first donor, and his heirs and executors, without
intermission."

Hutchinson says the elder Isaac Allerton's "male
posterity settled in Maryland." This is confirmed by
a quotation made by Meade, that "John Lee, Henry
Corbin, Thomas Gerrard, and Isaac Allerton, entered
into a compact, dated 30th of March, 1670, (recorded
27th March, 1774 [1674?],) to build a banqueting-house
at or near the corner of their respective lands."

ISAAC ALLERTOK. 2^^

Allerton's residence was in Northumberland County,
or Northern Neck, in Virginia. He was living lo
March, 1682-3, as he on that day confirmed the deed to
his mother-in-law, previously to which it had not been
** authentically witnessed."

His daughter Elizabeth, born 27 September, 1653,
was married, 23* December, 1675, to Benjamin Starr,
who died in 1678, having had a son, Allerton Starr,
born 6 January, 1676-7. The widow married, 22 July,
1679, Simon Heyers, afterwards written Eyre, and had
Isaac Eyre, born 23 February, 1683-4. In May, 1684,
"Elizabeth Eyre, formerly Elizabeth Allerton," con-
veys by deed to her "dear and loving husband, Simon
Eyre," the reversion of a house, etc., which her "grand-
mother, Mrs. Johanna Allerton now dwells in." At
the October session, 1696, the General Court of Con-
necticut authorized Elizabeth Eyre of New Haven "to
make sale of a parcell of land about eight miles distant
from the said town of Newhaven in a tract of land
called the third division, which parcell of land descended
to her by gift from her granmother, M" Allerton de-
ceased."

The graduate had also a son Isaac, born 11 June,
1655. It is not improbable that this son, if he lived,
accompanied his father, when he removed from New
Haven, and that the daughter remained with her grand-
mother.

A Miss Allerton became the second wife of Hancock
Lee, of Ditchley, who was seventh son of Richard Lee,
of Northumberland County, the ancestor of the Lee
family in Virginia. As the name Allerton is nowhere
else to be met with in Virginia, there can hardly be a
doubt that she was daughter of the graduate, and proba-
bly an ancestor of some of the Lees who are identified
with the history of the country.

256 CLASS OF 1650.

As the graduate is starred in Mather's Magnalia, he
probably died before the end of the seventeenth century.

Authorities. — L. Bacon to J. C. J. Hoadly, Records of the Colony

Davis, in Collections of the Massa- or Jurisdiction of New Haven, iL 307,

chusetts Hist Society, xxvii. 245- 355»4I7; and of Connecticut, iv. 1 82,

249. W. Bradford, History of Ply- 293. T. Hutchinson, Hist of Massa-

mouth Plantation, in Collections of chusetts Bay, ii. 461. W. Meade,

the Massachusetts Historical Society, Old Churches, Ministers and Families

xxxiii. 451. H. W. Cushman, Ge- of Virginia, ii. 136,146. J. Savage,

nealogy of the Cushmans. 619. J. Genealogical Dictionary, i. 38, 39.

Farmer, Genealog. Reg., 15. Harv. W. M. Watson, Manuscript Letter,

Coll. Steward's Account-Books, i. 33. 1870, May 9.

JONATHAN INCE.

Died 1657.

Jonathan Ince, M. A., was probably son of Jonathan
Ince, an original proprietor of Hartford, Connecticut,
who before 1640 removed to Boston, where he died.

After the son took the degree of Bachelor of Arts, he
continued at the College more than three years, during
which he was regularly charged, like an undergraduate,
for "Commones and Sizinges," "study rente," and
"Lente towards the gallery," besides 13-10-50, "by
Sacke allowed Sir allerton 2s. 4d."; the latest charge
being "9-10-53."

The first recorded payment from him is "by his wages
by his buttlershipe," an office which he appears to have
held till December, 1652, or later. He is also credited,
among other items, "by Admition of bred y* was longe
and moudy," "by wrytinge sundry laws order* and pet-
titione* for the Colledg," "by wrytting seueral thinge*
for the Psedent for which he is debtior," "Payd for

JONATHAN INCE. 257

niendinge a greatt Cann," "A lowed him by making vp
the Colledge accounts," etc.; and subsequently to 9-4-
54, "Payd by returne of his gallery 12s," and "Payd by
M' Samuell hooker, £5 4s. gd.**

The services here mentioned imply an early confidence
in Ince's integrity and capacity.

Though what he wrote may never be ascertained, it
is not unreasonable to suppose that it consisted in part
at least of the documents connected with the College
Charter, which was granted the year he graduated.

In the mean time he was also employed in another
responsible and very important trust.

June I, 1652, "for the better discouie of the north
lyne" of the Massachusetts patent, "Capt Symon Wil-
lard," one of the principal men in the Colony, "& Capt
Edward Johnson," of Woburn, author of "The Wonder-
working Providence of Sion's Saviour," were appointed
by the General Court "comissioners to pcure such artists
& other assistants as they shall judge meete to goe w*^
them, to finde out the most northerly pte of Merimacke
Riuer," being instructed to "vse their vttmost skill and
abillitie to take a true observation of the latitude of the
place." The expedition was carried through, at a cost of
about eighty-five pounds, in nineteen days of the months
of July and August, to the point now called The Weares,
where about a hundred and seventy-five years afterward
was discovered a rock "with its surface but little above the
water, and about twenty feet in circumference, on which,"
aflfording evidence of the survey, was an inscription, of
which Carrigain has published a particular account.

The Commissioners, in their report made 19 October,
1652, state that they "procured Sarjeant John Sherman,
of Water Toune, & Jonathan Ince, student at Harvard
Colledge, as artists, to goe along w*** them"; and Sher-
man and Ince, who appear to have done the scientific

1 7 [Printed 1871, October 13.]

258 CLASS OF 1650.

work, "on their oathes say, that at Aquedahtan [Aque-
dahcan], the name of the head of Merremack, where it
issues out of the lake called Winnapuscakit [Winnapus-
seakit], vppon the first day of August," they found by
observation "that the lattitude of the place was fourty
three degrees fourty minutes and twelve seconds, be-
sides those minutes which are to be allowed for the three
miles more north which runn into the lake." For this
service Sherman and Ince were allowed "a daily stipend
of ten shillings in the best pay of the country."

It was Ince's intention to become a permanent resi-
dent of New Haven; but in November, 1657, accom-
panied by Pelham and Davis, graduates in 1651, "he took
his passage for England," says Gookin, "in the best of
two ships then bound for London, whereof one James
Garrett was master, . . . and was never heard of more."

October 8, before the sailing of the ship, the Apostle
Eliot, according to Felt, wrote "to the Treasurer of the
Missionary Corporation," recommending Ince "as a godly
young man, a scholar who hath a singular faculty to learn
and pronounce the Indian tongue," and desiring that on
his return he may assist him in teaching the Indians.

Ince married, 12 December, 1654, Mary, daughter of
Richard Miles, of New Haven, and had Jonathan, born
27 June, 1656. His widow, 22 October, 1661, became
second wife of Thomas Hanford, and died 12 Septem-
ber, 1730.

Authorities. — J. Belknap, His- tory of New England, ii. 163. D.
tory of New Hampshire, Farmer's Gookin, in Collections of the Massa-
ed, 56. N. Bouton, Two Sermons chusetts Historical Society, i. 202.
at Concord, N. H., in 1830, 61 ; Massachusetts Manuscript Archives,
and History of Concord, 49. P. iii. 6; and Public Records, iii. 288,
Carrigain, in Collections of the New 329 ; iv. (i.) 98, 109. Harvard Col-
Hampshire Historical Society, iv. lege Account-Books, i. 59. J. Sav-
196 ; and New England Historical age, Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 350,
and Genealogical Register, i. 312. 518; iiu 207. J. Willard, Willard
J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, Memoir, 163.
516. J. B. Felt, Ecclesiastical His-

CLASS OF 165 1.

Michael Wigglesworth,
Seaborn Cotton,
Thomas Dudley,
John Glover,
Henry Butler,

Nathaniel Pelham,
John Davis,
Isaac Chauncy,
Ichabod Chauncy,
Jonathan Burr.

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH.

Bom 1631, died 1705, aged 73.

Rev. Michael Wigglesworth,' M. A., of Maiden,
Massachusetts, son of Edward Wigglesworth, "was
born" 18-28 October, 1631, in England, probably in

« John Ward Dean, in his elabo-
rate Memoir of Wigglesworth, gives
reasons for doubting "whether so-
cial position was adopted so early
as this, at college, as the standard
of rank at graduation. Among the
classmates of young Wigglesworth
were some whose parents evidently
held a higher position in society than
his. Thomas Dudley was a son of
Rev. Samuel Dudley, and the grand-
son of two governors of the colony ;
Seaborn Cotton was a son of Rev.
John Cotton, teacher of the first
church in Boston; and Isaac and
Ichabod Chauncy were sons of Rev.
Charles Chauncy, afterwards presi-

dent of the college. Here are four
students whose parents held posi-
tions of honor among the colonists
and were descended from the gentry
of England ; and they are placed on
the catalogue of the college below
the son of one whose name on the
New Haven Colonial Records^ where
it frequently occurs, is never found
with the honorary prefix of *Mr.*
Is it likely that all these young men
forfeited their rank by misconduct ?"
The question, so far as Michael
Wigglesworth is concerned, cannot
be settled without ascertaining the
standing of his father, whose infirmi-
ties became so great not long after

26o CLASS OF 1 65 1.

Yorkshire, "of Godly Parents, that feared y* Lord
greatly, even from their youth, but in an ungodly Place,
. . . where, to my knowledge," he says, the "children
had Learnt wickedness betimes. In a Place that was con-
sumed w*** fire a great part of it, after God had brought
them out of it. These Godly Parents of mine meeting
with opposition & Persecution for Religion, because they
went from their own Parish Church to hear y* word &
Receiv y* L! supper &c took up resolutions to Pluck
up their stakes & remove themselves to New England.
. . . And the Lord brought them hither & Landed them
at Charlstown . . . and me along with them being then
a child not full seven yeers old. After about 7 weeks
stay at Charls-Town' my Parents removed again by sea
to New-Haven in y* month of October. . . . We dwelt
in a Cellar Partly under ground coverd with Earth the
first winter. . . . One great rain brake in upon us &
drencht me so in my bed being asleep, that I fell sick
upon it." The next summer "I was sent to school to
M' Ezekiel Cheever, . . . and under him in a yeer or
two I Profited so much through y* blessing of God,

his arrival as to incapacitate him Some information as to the //o^Vir^

from filling any important office in of the students may be found in the

New England. It may be remarked, Proceedings of the Massachusetts

however, that, civic honors often tak- Historical Society, October, 1864,

ing precedence of clerical, and the pages 32-37, and July, 1866, page

highest position held by the parents 253.

of any of Wigglesworth*s classmates, * Dean writes : "There is scarcely a

on their entering College, being only doubt that they were at Charlestown,

clerical, it is more probable that the September 14, 1638, when Rev. John

standing of the father before coming Harvard died at that place. Little I

to America determined the son's place presume did Mr. Wigglesworth think

than that there should have been in that his young son, Michael, who it

his case an exception to the general is possible may have attended the

rule, which undoubtedly prevailed, of funeral of that clergyman, would be

arranging students, soon after enter- benefited by the property which he

ing College, according to paternal left, . . . where Michael was subse-

rank. quently educated.''

MICHAEL WIGGLESVfORTH. 26 1

that I began to make Latin & to get forward apace.
But God . . . was Pleased about this time to Visit my
Father with Lameness which grew upon him more &
more to his dying Day, though he Liv'd under it [until
I October, 1653] 13 yeers/ He wanting help was fain
to take me off from school ... 3 or 4 yeers until I had
lost all that I had gained in the Latine Tongue. But
when I was now in my fourteenth yeer, my Father, who
I suppose was not wel satisfied in his keeping me from
Learning whereto I had been designed from my infancy,
& not judging me fit for husbandry, sent me to school
again, though at that time I had little or no disposition
to it, . . . under no small disadvantage & discouragement
seing those that were far inferio' to me, by my discon-
tinuance now gotten far before me. But ... in 2 yeers
and 3 quarters I was judged fit for y® CoUedge and
thither I was sent. ... It was an act of great self Denial
in my father that ... having but one son to be y* staff
of his Age & supporter of his weakness he would yet for
my good be Content to deny himself of that comfort &
Assistance I might have Lent him. . . . His Estate was
but small & little enough to maintain himself & small
family left at home."

"When I came first to y* CoUedge, I had indeed en-
joyd y' benefit of of Religious & strict education, and God
in his mercy & Pitty kept me from scandalous sins be-
fore I came thither, & after I came there, but alas I . • .
acted from self and for self. I was indeed studious . . .
but it was for hono' & applause & Preferm* & such Poor
Beggarly ends. . . . But when I had been there about 3

* A letter of detaUs respecting his in Stiles's History of Three Judges

infirmity is printed in the Collections of Charles I., was altered from 1653

of the Massachusetts Historical So- to 1678, on the conjecture that it

ciety, xxix. 296. was erected for the regicide Edward

The date of the inscription on his Whalley.
gravestone, of which there is a copy

262 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

yeers and a half; God in his Love and Pitty to my
soul wrought a great change in me, both in heart &
Life, and from that Time forward I Learnt to study with
God & for God. And whereas before that, I had
thoughts of applying my self to y* study & Practise of
Physick, I wholy laid aside those thoughts, and did
chuse to serve Christ in y* work of y* ministry if he
would Please to fit me for it & to accept of my service."

Wigglesworth took his first degree on the second Tues-
day in August, 1 65 1. No programme of the exercises
on that occasion has been preserved; but of his Com-
mencement part there is a copy in one of his manuscript
books. It is headed '^ August 12, 1651: Omnis Natura
inconstans est porosa," and begins with the salutation,
'S . • Honorandi Msecenates, Veneranda Capita, Auditor:
Celeberrimi."

From the Steward's accounts it appears that his con-
nection with the College, unbroken at his graduation,
continued till the end of 1654.

Increase Mather, H. U. 1656, says he was "in his
young years a blessing as a Tutor in the CoHedge^ Cot-
ton Mather, H. U. 1678, says: "With a rare Faithfulness
did he adorn the Station ! He used all the means imag-
inable, to make his Pupils not only good Scholars^ but
also good Christians \ and instil into them those things,
which might render them rich Blessings unto the Churches
of God. Unto his Watchful and Painful Essayes, to
keep them close unto their Academical Exercises^ he added.
Serious Admonitions unto them about their Interiour
State, and (as I find in his Reserved Papers) he Em-
ployed his Prayers and Tears to God for them, & had
such a flaming zeal, to make them worthy men, that,
upon Reflection, he was afraid. Lest his cares for their
Good J and his affection to them^ should so drink up his very
Spirit^ as to steal away his Heart from God^

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 26^

His appointment as Fellow or Tutor was probably
made within a year after he graduated; for the College
Steward, "ii i 52-3, A lowed him for his fellow shipp
for Septem and desem quarters 52," four pounds. More-
over, Increase Mather, besides noticing that his class-
mates, Eleazer Mather, John Eliot, and Shubael Dum-
mer, "were once the Pupils of this worthy man," writes,
II July, 1705, "I was his Scholar at my first Admis-
sion into the Colledge^ above three and fifty years since."

While holding the office of Fellow or Tutor, he pur-
sued his theological studies, made journeys to New Ha-
ven, where his father lived, and occasionally preached.

March 23, 1652-3, he writes: "I came to N. Haven
being upo my jo'ney fro tuesday [15 March] after noon
to Dedham, unto Wednesday y* next week at night. I
preacht my first sermon at Pequit [New London] by
y* way 32 Deut. 9. Much difficulty I found in my
journey, my back & brest almost shak't in pieces w*^
riding, in my pain & anguish lift up my heart & voyce
to y* lord my god, & he helpt me through y* difficulty,
giuing me so much stregth as enabled me to bear it.
we were lost y* first day & rode above an hour w*^in
evening, god brought us to a house w' we had a guied
to o'' desired place, near Pequit we were lost & past
through craggy dagero' way yet god kept us & all be-
loged to us; & brought us safe notw^stad: y* rumo's
of y* Indian plots."

April 27, 1653: "On y* sabbath day night we set
sayl. in 2 dayes we came to Martin's Vinyard. & were
under sayl but 2 dayes from thence to y* Bay, yet de-
tained there 6 dayes by a strong Northeast wind. I look
at it as great m'cy y* god prvided so wel fFor us in a
safe harbor at friends houses during y* long storm."

His Diary at this period shows a concurrent anxiety
for his own spiritual progress and that of the College

264 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

Students, and incidentally reveals some novel features of
College life.

He writes : ** Those comitted to me, those childre of
thine w" I pray'd for strive for, hoped for, & thought y*
y* time of gods hearing had been nigh, bee: he so strange-
ly stir'd up my heart restlesly to seek y' good, but loe!
contrary to my hopes I fin^ y* most hopeful of y~ far
wors y° w" I left y" for y* my sp* was at my return
sorely pplexed, that I feared my sorrow for others, would
keep me fro sence of my owne sin. But having indeav-
or'd to discharge my duty by warnings & admonitios,
in y* fear of god my sp* is somew* at eas in y* regard."

June 10: "I meet this week w* many disquieting
vexations, and find my self utterly unable to carry &
behaue my self in my place, c5fr5tings y'in by some, &
I doubt stomakings by those whome I hoped best off: I
find y* spts off all or most off fro studys, & going a
gadding after vanity & mispence of time; this sp* I
find creeping up much in those who before I left y°
were most hopefuU: this to repress costeth me much
study & sollicit' thoughts in y* most loving way to
doe it; but notw^standing all my forethoughts I canot
pform it as I should w" it comes to. I am impotet
& unable to bear y* burthen of so many upo me, &
this distracts me w*" I should be take up w^ my god,
so I take his name in vain."

June 25: "I set my self again y* day to wrestle w*''
y* Ld for my self & y** for my pupils. . . . But still I see
y* Lord shutting out my prayers & refusing to hear for
he w° in special I pray'd for, I heard in y* forenoon
w*** ill copany playing musick. tho: I had so solemly
warn'd him but yesterday of letting his spt go after
pleasures. And again I see light & vain carriage in
him just at night on y* last day at even. fFor y** things
my heart is fill'd & almost sunk w**" sorrow & my

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 265

bowels are turned w*in mee; ah Lord how long, how
long wilt thou shut out my prayers?"

July 17: "My proneness to satisfy my soul in my
study*s or pupills pgress, or any th: without god is
y* daly fear of my soul ; y* secret pitfall y* . . . fills me
w*^ fear so y* I dare not go on sometimes in my studys
as my over eager spt would carry me, without recalling
my self to muse of y* things of god. . . .

"In y* forenoon god awakned me w*^ feares & dis-
quietm** in referece to an untrueth y* form'ly log agoe I
had told. . . • I quest, wheth. y* Lord calls me now to
speak of so triviall a th: as y* is."

August 14: "On y* 3^ day at night hearing some-
things ^ I had spoke to my pupils w*^ derisio reiterated
am: y* scolars I betook my self to y* Lord to be my
porcon."

August 17: "On friday I cosulted most of y* day
about coll. affairs being much exercised w* contumaci'
& disrespective negliget carriages of my pupils."

August 20: "I am much pplexed about my pupils &
how to carry to y", but I canot attain a broke heart for
y* same carriages in my self to my god."

August 27: "I am both in a strait how to answ' M'
Stone's ' motion ; & attend my father's counsel. I know
not w* gods mind may be, I am in y* dark. Also I
meet w^ fears of wants & fayling of necessary wint' sup-
plys for cloathing: I desire & endeavo' to streghte my
faith in god. but my sins darke my evideces of his
love, Lord forgive & help y°*, and supply these."

August 29: "My pupills all came to me y* day to
desire yy might ceas learning Hebrew: I w^stood it w***

' The Reverend Samuel Stone, of I hindered y« church frC declaring

Hartford, in an "Acknowledgment, their apprehensions by vote . . . con-

and Statement of his Position," 18 ceming Mr. Wigglesworth's fitnes

April, 1657, says : " I acknowledge y* for office in y« church of Hartford."

266 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

all y* reaso I could, yet all will not satisfy y*". I sus-
pect y* botto" is yy look to comence* w*in 2 years;
& think (& some have bin heard to express so much)
y* I retard y" purposely, thus am I requited for my
love; & thus little fruit of all my prayers & tears for
y' good."

August 30: '*God appear'd somew* in inclining y* sp*
of my pupils to y* study of Hebrew as I had pray'd y*
god would do."

August 31: " God hath somew* endeared my heart to
hims. made hims. sweet unto me by leaving me to dis-
tress of cosciece & strog conflicts about doubtfuU matters
in practise: y* principal w'of I think was no duty of
mine, but rather would have bin ridiculous to meddle,
so y* I know no rule of god but my heart desireth
coformity y***."

September 5, 6: "Too much bet of spt to my studys
& pupils, & afFectio' dying tow** god."

September 10: "I am at a strait concern, my answer
to Harford motion; I am indifFeret to engage or not,
to look toward England or not, if I could be clear in
gods call. fFriends advice canot satisfy my consciece.
who but God can now be my counseller? but god I
am daly forsaking & dishonoring, by my pride & whoar-
ish afFectios. . . . Outw^ wants at least y* fear of them
disquiets me, or wou"* do : but I dare not let y" make
impression, nor be earnest w*** god for supply of y", lest,
my desires therof shold exceed my desires of sanctifying
grace. Behold L. my pitif. case; rem?, y'* art my fa-
ther tho: I be a rebellig child."

October 24: "The latter pt of y* week I spet in p'-
paring to preach at Chalstown. ... I spent near three

' Probably alluding to the time of in the class which graduated in 1653,
remaining at College, in respect to the year in which this paragraph was
which there was an important change written.

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 267

dayes. . . . w'as one day at Martins Vinyard sufficed me.
. . . On y* 2^ day at night in my sleep I dream'd of y*
approach of y* great & dreadf. day of judgem*; & was
y'by exceedingly awakned in sp* (as I thought) to fol-
low god w*^ teares & crys until he gave me some hopes
of his graci~ good wil toward me."

November i6: **Wedn. morn. I had bin much pplexed
w*** y* ill carriage of one of my pupils, & had some
thoughts of admonish, him opely, I besought y" Lord
before hand & he guided me to act in a fairer way; &
ishued my trouble to my good satisfaction."

Preaching again at Charlestown: "The church sent to
me after sermo, & I could not get off w^^out engaging
to preach once a month til March equinox."

December 22: "Thursd. I spent in study to p'pare
for y* next day w*** was a day of private humiliaton in
o' colledge."

December 27, 28: "Boldn. to trasgress y* colledge law
in speak. English."

January 9, 1653-4: "I disputed for Ramus in y* Dis-
tributio of y* 2^ pt of Logick agst Richards© my Arg**
found such acceptacon w*^ y* seniors (tho: cotrary to y'
form' apprehesions) y* pride prvailed upon me poor
fool y* know nothing as I ought to know."

February 14: "Upon y* obstinate untowardn. of
some of my pupils in refusing to read Hebrew, god
brings to mind & ashameth me of my own pversn.
herefore both to my naturall parets & Achademical: &
also I see that this is y* sg* & I fear if y* Lord prvet
not wil be y* ruin of y* whole coutry A sp* of unbridled
licetiousn. Lord in mercy heal, or I know not w* wil
become of N. England."

March 5: "Neglected to go & reprove some carnal
mirth in y* lowest Chaber til it was too late, w I pray
God to pardon. . . •

268 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

**I find my whoarish afFectio'* forsaking y* sweet foun-
tain, setting light by him, & digging broke cisterns.
Theref. y* Lord goeth on to smite me, in y* stubborn-
ess of my pupils after all y* warnings give y"; And I
goe on frowardly; being quite overcoe of anger w° yy
came not to recite, almost out of patiece. thus Lord
I am y* siner y* destroy*s much good by adding sin to
sin. I ly down in my shame before the^ & acknowledge
y* y* L. is righteous."

March 7: "I was much pplexed in mind w^ many-
thoughts to & fro, about leaving y* coUedge, one while
ready to resolv upo it almost, and quite another way ;
& I know not w* to do, how to Hue here & keep a good
cosciece bee. my hands are bound in point of reforming
disorders; my own weakness & pupils froward negli-
gece in y* Hebrew stil much exercise me. yet for all
this trouble god hath bin w*** me in my psonal studys ;
for this day I began & finished all y* pt of my synop-
sis w'^^ treats about Method."

March 12: "The sabbath evening & y' next day I
was much distressed in cosciece, seing a stable door
of M' Mitchels beat to & fro w*^ y* wind, whither,
I should out of duty shut it or not; no teptacons
pplex me so sorely as such like, w° I am not clear
concern, my duty my fear is lest my wil should

blind reason."

"Apr. 2. Sab. The wise god who knoweth how to
tame & take down proud & wanton hearts, sufiTereth
me to be sorely buflfeted w*^ y* like teptaton as formerly
about seeing some dore* blow to & fro w*^ y* wind in
some dager to break, as I think; I canot tel whether
it were my duty to giue y"" some hint y* owe the. W"
I think 'tis a comon thing, & that *tis impossible but
y* y* owners should haue oft seen them in y* case, &
heard the blow to & fro, & y* it is but a trivial matter.

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 269

& y' I haue give a hint to one y* dwels in y* hous, &
he maketh light of it; & y* it would rather be a seem-
ing to check oths mindlesness of y' own affairs, & lastly
y* y"* may be special reasons for it y* I know not; why
y* case seemeth clear y* 'tis not my duty."

April 25: "I set sail toward N. Haven afternoon. And
arrived . . . y* next Saturday sev' night at night, twelve
dayes . . • putting in at no port. ... I found such love
& respect off all hands, y* I was therby lead to over-,
ween of my own worth. In my return I stayd a fFourt-
night at Harford," and preached. "Coming through
y* wilderness we were overtaken with a great & dreadf.
tepest of rain and wind, w' I beheld y* mighty power of
God. ... for all y* trees of y® fForrest bowed and bended
like a bow over o' heads as we rid alog & div's we heard
fall, & above 40 I suppose we see in o' way y* were
newly blown down."

In the spring of 1655 Wigglesworth appears again at
Connecticut and New Haven, deliberating and seeking
medical advice as to the duty of being married, which
resulted in a matrimonial alliance at Rowley, Massa-
chusetts, in May; after which, continuing there, he
preached in that and other places.

The first notice in his Diary in relation to Maiden
is "about y* 17*** of July," 1655, when he alludes to
the "Maldon Invitation," soon after which he tells the
people "it would be a tepting of Providece to accept
of their Invitation." This was followed by repeated in-
terviews, by importunities on the part of this small
society, and by extreme vacillations on his part because
of his health, till he finally determined, 7 October, to go
there, where Marmaduke Matthews had preceded him.

From the circumstance that his "Letters Dismissive"
from the church in Cambridge to the church in Maiden
are dated 25 August, and that he was admitted on the

ayo CLASS of 1651.

seventh of September, 1656, the natural inference would
be, that his ordination took place about this time. But
he writes, 19 May, 1657, "This day is appointed for
an issue about my settlem*. ... I have all alog been ex-
ercised with disco'agem** since I came hith." Moreover,
in a letter to the church, dated "19 4 1658," he writes:
"Since y' Lord inclined yo' hearts to invite me hither,
it pleased him to hold me und' weakne' & you under
suspece at uncertaintys half a yeer almost, ere I durst
adveture to come to you; and after I did come, about
a year & a half it was before I could see God clearing
my way to accept of yo' call to office. All this while
you were without y* seale' of y* Cove* &c." So that the
date of his ordination is involved in uncertainty.

His discouragements and his feebleness increased. The
manifestations of God's spirit among his people were
withdrawn. July 30, 1659, ^^ ^^^ "thoughts of a jo'-
ney to Rowley," one object of which is "to advize"
about "laying dow" his "work."

December 21, he experienced the loss of his wife, *'a
great cutting & astonishing stroke in it self."

December 22, 1661, he writes: "The Breth" are now
below considing & consulting about a future supply &
a costat help in y* ministry; as also whith I am call'd
to lay dow my place or, not. fFath I leav my self &
all my concernm** with thee; I h. neith way of subsistece,
nor house to put my head in if turnd out here, but
Lord I desire to be at thy disposing. Let thy fathly
care app' towds me in these my straits, as hithto it hath
done, O my God : fFor oth friend or helper besides thee
I have none. Lord I beleev; help my unbeleif."

According to Cotton Mather, Wigglesworth's "Sickly
Constitution so prevailed upon him as to confine him,
from his Publick Work, for some whole Sevens of
years. His Faithfulness continued, when his Ministry

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 2Jl

was thus interrupted. The Kindness of his Tender
Flock unto him, was answered in his Kind concern to
have them Served by other Hands. . . .

"And that he might yet more Faithfully set himself
to Do Good, when he could not Preach, he ff^rote sev-
eral Composures, wherein he proposed the Edification of
such Readers, as are for Truth's dressed up in a Plain
Meeter**

One of these "Composures" was "The Day of
Doom," a versification of the Scriptural account of the
Last Judgment. January 29, 166 1-2, while engaged on
it, he wrote: "I desire w*^ all my heart & might to
serv my Lord christ (who is my best & onely friend
& supporter) in finishing this work w** I am prepar-
ing for y" press: acknowledging that y* Lord hath dealt
abundantly better w^ me y*** I deserv if he shall please
to accept such a poor piece of service at my hands, &
give me leisure to finish it; I delight in his service, &
glory & y' good of poor souls, tho: my endeavo" this
way should rath occasion loss then outwd advantage to
my self. Lord let me find grace in thy sight. And
who can tell but this work may be my last: for y*
world seem now to account me a burden (I mean divers
of o' chief ones) w* ever their words p'tend to y* con-
trary. Lord be thou my habitacon & hiding place; for
oth I have none. Do thou stand my friend, w° all oth
friends fail me, ,as they are now like to do. I will not
torm* my self w*** feares concern, y* future; for I know
thou art alsufficiet, & canst eith pvide for me in my
weakn. or recov' me out of my weakness by a word after
all means used to no purpose, or els thou canst make
me welcome in Heaven w° y® world is weary of me.
Lord und'take for me for mine eys are unto thee. Tibi
Domine &c."

After its completion and publication he wrote: "It

272 CLASS OF 165I.

pleased the Lord to carry me through the difficulty of
y* foremetioned work, both in respect of bodily strcgth
& estate, & to give vent for my books & greater ac-
ceptace then I could have expected: so y* of 1800 there
were scarce any unsold (or but few) at y* yeers end; so
that I was a gainer by them, & not a loser. Moreover
I have since heard of some success of those my poor
labours. For all which mercies I am bound to bless
the Lord, who am I &c? About 4 yeers after they
were reprinted w^ my consent, & I gave them the
proofs & Margin, notes to affix."

This work represented the theology of the day, and
for a century, with the exception perhaps of the Bible,
was more popular throughout New England than any
other that can be named. It passed through several
editions in book-form, besides being printed on broad-
sides and hawked about the country. As late as the
early part of the present century many persons could
repeat the whole or large portions of it. Cotton Ma-
ther thought it might "perhaps find our children, till
the Day [of Doom] itself arrive."

"Aft' y* first impression of my books was sold," says
the author, "I had a great mind to go to Bermuda, and
. . . Providece made way for it wonderfully .... so we set
sayl about the 23 of Sept. 1663. ... It was a full moth
ere we got thith: by w long & tedious voyage no doubt
but I received much hurt, & got so much cold as took
away much of y* benefit of that sweet & temperate air,
& so hindered my recovery, & lost me much of that
little time that I stayed there." After "about 7 months
& a half. . . I began to think it better to return home.
. . . The Lord" sent "us moderate weather, &" brought
"us into charls-riv' in 12 days, ... in some compet:
measure of Health."

Subsequently he writes: "My bodily weaknesses cvi-

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 273

dently increase & grow upon me; especially that old
Malady that annoys me most by night. And what fear
& distress it often (yea ever & anon) puts me into, Lord
thou knowest, For my sighs, and groanings (with my
tears) are not hid from thee . . . having no means nor
medicine that yields any relief."

In the year in which "The Day of Doom" was
printed, Wigglesworth wrote another poem, entitled
*' God's Controversy with New England." It describes
**New England planted, prospered, declining, threatned,
punished." After speaking of its earliest and best days,
and alluding to the degeneracy of his time, he introduces
the Deity uttering remonstrances and threatenings, unless
there be speedy repentance, and concludes with notices
of recent Divine judgments and the announcement of
direr calamities. It was the year of the Act of Uni-
formity, and immediately after the Restoration of Charles
the Second: a time of great anxiety among New-Eng-
landers. Even the climate, he says, had changed. Un-
heard-of diseases appeared, among which was that frightful
malady, the croup.

"New England, where for many yeeres

You scarcely heard a cough.
And where Physicians had no work,

Now finds them work enough.
Now colds and coughs, Rheums and sore-throats

Do more & more abound:
Now Agues sore, and Feavers strong,

In every place are found."

To times of sickness,

"Wherein the healthful were too few
To help the languishing,"

succeeded unfruitful seasons; "and at last, came a
drought whose extremity was at that time presaging a

1 8 [Printed Z871, October 13.]

274 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

famine, while still sorer judgments seemed to be im-
pending over the land." The poem concludes with the
following appeal to New England: —

"Thou still hast in thee many prapng saints,
Of great account, and precious with the Lord,
Who dayly powre out unto him their plaints.
And strive to please him both in deed & word.

"Cheer on, sweet souls, my heart is with you all.
And shall be with you, maugre Sathan's might:
And wheresoe're this body be a Thrall,

Still in New-England shall my soul delight"

Another of Wigglesworth's "Composures" is entitled
"Meat out of the Eater." In relation to this he wrote,
17 September, 1669: **I have been long imployed in
a great work composing Poems about y* cross. I have
already found exceeding much help & assistace fro Heave,
even to admiratio. so y* in 3 weeks time I have tran-
scribed 3 sheets fair, & made between whiles above 100
staves of verses beside. Some dayes y* Lord hath so
asisted me y^ I have made neer or about 20 staves.
For w** his great m'cy I bless his name fro my soul,
desiring stil to make him my a & o in This great work.
Lord assist me now this day, Tu mihi Princ. tu mihi
finis eris. a deo et ad deu ra woin-a."

"Sept. 29, The Lord did assist me much this day, so
y* I wrote 5 sides fair, & made 11 or 12 staves more
tho: y* day was cold, & I wrought w* some difficulty.
Laus deo."

"I am now upo y* last Head (Heav'ly Crowns &c) . . .
Oct. 15."

"And now through thy rich grace & daly assistace,
I have done coposing, Laus Deo . . . Octob. 28 . . . my
Birth day & it was y** birth day of this Book it being
finished (i. e. fully composed) this morning."

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 275

Interspersed with these citations are repeated appeals
for Divine help "this day," besides other memoranda in
short-hand.

October 27, 1684, about a fortnight after the College
Corporation were notified that Joshua Moody, H. U.
1653, declined his election to the Presidency as succes-
sor of John Rogers, Wigglesworth wrote to Increase
Mather as follows : " I received your Loving Lines, and
having seriously considered the contents thereof, as I find
great cause to thank you and other worthy friends for
y' & their good will & good opinion of me, yet as to
my self, I cannot think my bodily health and strength
competent to undertake or manage such a weighty work
as you mention, if it were desired, nor have I reason
to judge my self in any measure fit upon other accounts.
Wherefore I hope the Colledge & Overseers will think
of and apply themselves to a fitter person."

I find no other allusion to the subject of this letter,
but it seems probable that Mather had written for the
purpose of ascertaining if he would consent to be a can-
didate for the Presidency.

Notwithstanding the interference of ill health with
the discharge of ministerial duty during a great portion
of his life, it does not appear that his connection with
his parish was sundered while he lived. Besides occa-
sional assistants, he had three associates. December 9,
1663, while Wigglesworth was at the Bermudas, Benja-
min Bunker, H. U. 1658, was settled, and died 2 Feb-
ruary, 1669-70. From 1675 ^° ^679> Benjamin Black-
man, H. U. 1663, preached; and Thomas Cheever, H. U.
1677, son of Wigglesworth's old schoolmaster, Ezekiel
Cheever, was ordained 27 July, 1681, and dismissed in
1686.

"It pleased God," says Cotton Mather, "when the
Distresses of the Church in Maldoriy did extremely call

276 CLASS OF 165I.

for it, wondrously to restore His Faithful Servant. He
that had been for near Twenty years almost Buried Alive,
comes abroad again; and for as many years more, must
in a Publick Usefulness, receive the Answer and Harvest
of the Thousands of supplications, with which the God
of his Health, had been addressed by him & for him";
— "being restored," says Increase Mather, *^to such a
measure of Health, as to be able to Preach for many
years twice every Lords-Day, after he had been for a long
time in a Languishing condition."

May 12, 1686, Wigglesworth preached the Election
Sermon. In his prayer on this occasion Sewall says he
"Acknowledged God as to y? Election, and bringing
forth him as 'twere a dead Man, had been reckoned
among yf ded, to preach."

In 1696 he preached the Artillery Election Sermon,
which was not printed.

After Cheever was dismissed, the care of the society
may have devolved chiefly on Wigglesworth. But the
Maiden records make no mention of compensation to
him before 6 March, 1692-3, on which day the twenty-
first of that month was "apointed to cut and cart wood"
for him; a similar vote being again passed, 24 January,
1693-4.

"His long Weakness, and Illness," says Cotton Ma-
ther, "made him an Able Physician. He Studied Physick;
and was a Faithful Physician for the Body as well as the
Soul.'' As the town does not appear to have voted
him any salary while he was incapacitated from perform-
ing ministerid duties, it is probable that he supported
himself mainly by the practice of medicine, so far as his
health would allow, receiving perhaps a small additional
income from the sale of his poems.

March 4, 1693-4, the town voted to allow him "fifty-
five pounds a yeer yeerly In money. And the use of

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 277

the passonage, and a suficant suply of fierwood, so
Long as He carrieth one the work of the ministrey; the
yeere begineth the 12 of March, 1694." It was also
voted that he should "haue Thirty cord of Cordwood
Laid at his dore for this present yeer."
J Soon after this he signs a sealed document, in the town-
clerk's handwriting: "That I, Michael 'Wigglesworth of
Maiden, doe Herby discharg And Acquit the Town of
Maiden from all claimes that may be made heerafter by
my self my haires executers Administrators or a signes
upon the acount of aney salary debt or dues to me
for the work of the ministery from the beginning of
The world until the 12 of March 1694-5/'

In 1696 his compensation was fixed at fifty pounds
and the strangers' money ; and some years, instead of
thirty cords of wood he received thirty-five.

March 31, 1698, it was voted "That the town will
aford Mr. Wigglesworth sum help 4 or 5 sabath days
in the work of the ministery."

In the Witchcraft delusion of 1692 I do not find that
Wigglesworth took an active part, but from a letter to
Increase Mather, dated 22 July, 1704, the year before
he died, it is apparent that the subject was then troubling
his conscience. He writes: "I am right well assured
that both yo' self, yo' son & y* rest of our Bretheren
with you in Boston have a deep sence upon yo' spirits
of y* awfull Symptoms of divine displeasure that we lie
under at this Day. ... I fear (amongst our many other
provocations) that God hath a Controversy with us about
what was done in y* time of y" Witchcraft. I fear y*
innocent blood hath been shed; & y' many have had
their hands defiled therwith. I believe our Godly Judges
did act Conscientiously, according to What they did
apprehend then to be Sufficient Proof But since y*,
have not the Devils impostures appeared? & y* most

278 CLASS OF 1 651.

of y* Complainers & Acusers were acted by him in giv-
ing their testimonies. Be it then that it was done ig-
norantly. Paul^ a pharisee Persecuted the chu'ch of
god Shed the blood of gods Saints, & yet obtained
mercy, because he did it in ignorance; but how doth
he bewaill it, and shame him self for it before god and
men afterwards? i Tim: i: 13. 16. I Think and am
verily perswaded God expects y' we do the like, in
order to our obtaining his pardon : I mean by a Publick
and Solemn acknowledgment of it. And humiliation for
it, & y* more particularly & personaly it is done by all
that have been actors; y* more pleasing it will be to
God, And more effectual to turn away his Judgments
from y* Land, and to prevent his Wrath from falling
upon y^ persons and families of such as have been Most
Concerned.

"I know this is a Noli Me tangere, but what shall
we do? must we pine away in our iniquities rather than
boldly declare y® Counsel of God, who tells us, Isaia:
i: 15 When you make many prayers I will not hear
you, your hands are full of blood. Therfore god Com-
mands you & me & all our fellow Labourers in y*
Ministry Cry aloud, spare not lift up Thy voice like a
trumpet: Isai. 58, i.

"Moreover, if it be true as I have been often in-
formed, y* The families of such as were Condemned for
supposed witchcraft, have been ruined by taking away
and making havoke of their estates, & Leaving them
nothing for their releiff; I believe the whole Country
lies under a Curse for it to this day, and will do, till
some effectual course be taken by our honored Gover-
nour & Generall Court to make them some amends and
reparations."

After considering the objection that the country was
too impoverished to do anything, he continues: "Sir,

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 279

I desire you would Communicate these my thoughts to
y* Rev"* Mr. Willard, and y* rest of our Bretheren in
the ministry, as you shall have oportunity, and if they
do Concurr in their apprehensions, that then it might
be humbly spread before his Excellency; and, if he see
Cause, before y* General Assembly at y' next sessions.
I have, with a weak body, and trembling hands endeav-
ored to leave my testimony before I leave y* world;
and having left it with you (my Rev** bretheren) I hope
I shall leave this life,, with more peace, when god seeth
meet to call me hence."

Wi^lesworth administered the Lord's Supper 27
May, 1705, fell sick of a fever on the Friday following,
and died about nine o'clock, A. M., 10 June, "a learned
and pious divine and faithful physician."

Cotton Mather, in the Funeral Sermon, says: "It
was a surprize unto us, to see a Little Feeble Shadow of
a Matty beyond Seventy ^ Preaching usually Twice or Thrice
in a Week; Visiting and Comforting the Afflicted \ En-
couraging the Private Meetings \ Catechizing the Children
of the Flock; and managing the Government of the
Church: and attending the Sick^ not only as a Pastor ^
but as a Physician too; and this not only in his own
Town, but also in all those of the Vicinity. Thus he
did, unto the last\ and was but one Lords-Day taken oiF,
before his Last.**

" His Pen did once |fteat from tift (Sfater fetch ;
And now he's gone beyond the Eaters reach.
His Body, once so Thin, was next to None;
From Thence, he's to Unbodied Spirits flown.
Once his rare skill did all Diseases heal;
And he does nothing now uneasy feel.
He to his Paradise is Joyful come ;
And waits with Joy to see his pag of Poom."

At the Commencement following his death, Edward

aSo CLASS OF 1651.

Holyoke, H. U. 1705, afterward President, probably
alluding to the learned Jesuit Maldonatus, made respect-
ful mention of Wigglesworth, styling him " Maldonatus
Orthodoxus."

The following inscription is on his gravestone, still
standing in the old Maiden burying-ground.

"MEMENTO FUGIT

MORI. HORA.

HERE LYES BURIED Y« BODY OF
THAT FAITHFULL SERUANT OF
JESUS CHRIST Y« REUEREND
M« MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH.
PASTOUR OF Y« CHURCH OF CHRIST
AT MAULDEN YEARS WHO

FINNISHED HIS WORK AND ENTRE'*
APON AN ETERNAL SABBATH
OF REST ON Y« LORDS DAY lUNE
Y« 10 1705 IN Y« 74 YEAR OF HIS AGE.

HERE LIES INTERD IN SILENT GRAU«

BELOW MAULDENS PHYSICIAN

FOR SOUL AND BODY TWO."

The Reverend Samuel Sewall, H. U. 1804, in proof
of the "veneration and affection" with which Wi^les-
worth's memory was cherished, mentions "a current
tradition in Maiden/* that "the venerable Dea. Rams-
dell, who died there about 1825, at a very advanced age,
. . . was accustomed as long as he lived, to make an
annual visit to the Grave Yard . • . and carefully to rub
off the mosSy which had gathered, in each interval, on the
Inscription, which told where he lay."

May 18, 1655, Wigglesworth married his kinswoman,
perhaps cousin, Mary, daughter of Humphrey Reyner,
of Rowley, Massachusetts, She died 21 December,
1659. Their only child, Mary, born 21 February,

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 28 1

1655-6, is supposed to have been married, about 1673,
to Samuel Brackenbury, H. U. 1664, and afterward to
the Reverend Samuel Belcher, H. U. 1659.

Wigglesworth's second marriage, about twenty years
after his first wife's death, was the occasion of "uncom-
fortable Reflections." Increase Mather wrote to him,
8 May, 1679, ^ letter in which he says: "The Report
is, that you are designing to marry with your servant
mayd, & that she is one of obscure parentage, &
not 20 years old, & of no Chch, nor so much as Bap-
tised. If it be as is related, I w^"* hubly entreat you
(before it be too late) to consid' of these arg** in oppo-
sitio." He then gives six arguments, characteristic of
the spirit of the time, in the course of which he remarks :
**It vseth to be said nube pari^ but to marry with one
so much your Inferio' on all accounts is not nubere pari.
And to take one that was never baptised into such neer-
ness of Relacon, seemeth contrary to the Gospel ; espUy
for a Minisf of Ct to doe it. The like never was in
N. E. Nay, I questio wheth' the like hath bin known
in the chr° world." He concludes by saying: "Though
your affections s*^ be too far gone in this matter, I doubt
not but if you put the object out of your sight & looke
vp to the Lord Jesus for supplies of grace, you willbe
enabled to ov'come these Temptacons." This was fol-
lowed on the 1 2th by another letter of similar import, in
reply to papers "which state the case & mention the
Reasons inducing" him "to marry" his "servant." Ma-
ther says: "I have communicated your script to M' Eliot,

M' Nowel, M' Allen, M' Willard I see no cause to

alter my mind. . . . Indeed if the good people in Maiden
did approve of your proceedings, & if there were an
eminency of the fear of God discerneable in your Damo-
sel, notwithstanding her obscurity upon other accounts,
there would be less of scandal in proceedings."

282 CLASS OF 165I.

The parties were married soon afterward, this wife,
Martha, probably being a daughter of Thomas Mudge,
of Maiden, as Wigglesworth in his will mentions the
children's grandfather Mudge, According to the in-
scription on her gravestone, she died 4 or ii Septem-
ber, 1690, aged about 28. They had six children: of
whom Samuel graduated in 1707; Abigail, born ao
March, 1 680-1, married Samuel Toppan, of Newbury;
and Esther had for a second husband Abraham Toppan.

Wigglesworth's third wife, Sybil, born about 1655,
widow of Doctor Jonathan Avery, of Dedham, was
daughter of Nathaniel Sparhawk, or Sparrowhawke, of
Cambridge, where she died 6 August, 1708, in the
fifty-fourth year of her age, March 8, 1705-6, it was
voted to allow her, for entertaining the ministers thirty
weeks since her husband's death, four shillings a week,
and "£i2. 10. o." for her husband's services during "the
last quarter of a yeer he lived." October 3, 1707, the
town is still indebted to her "£12 is 7d, on arrears
of her husband's salary."

In the New England Historical and Genealogical Reg-
ister, xvii. 139-142, are two letters written to her by
Wigglesworth before their marriage. In the first, dated
II February, 1 690-1, wherein he makes known his pur-
pose, he writes: "If you cannot conveniently return an
answer in writing so speedily, you may trust the Mes-
senger to bring it by word of mouth, who is grave &
faithful, and knows upon what errant he is sent." After
he had made her a visit, he writes another letter, 23
March, proposing still another visit, and sends ten " Con-
siderations," drawn up in sermon style, which, he says,
" Possibly may help to clear up yo' way before y° return
an answer unto y* Motion w** I have made to you, I
hope you will take them in good Part, and Ponder them
seriously."

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 283

They had one child, Edward Wiggles worth, H. U.
17 10, born in 1692 or 1693, the first HoUis Professor
in the University. He was succeeded by his son, Ed-
ward Wigglesworth, H. U. 1749, and this son by David
Tappan, H. U. 1771. As M'Clure observes in the
Bi-Centennial Book of Maiden: "It is a very remark-
able circumstance, that of the four HoUis Professors,
the three first, who held the chair for eighty successive
years, with high reputation, should have been respec-
tively the son, grandson, and great-grandson of that good
man."

Among the early graduates of Harvard College there
were few, if any, whose characters seem to have been
more transparent, childlike, and beautiful in simplicity
and sincerity, than Wigglesworth's. His protracted in-
firmities and suflferings deepened his convictions of the
truth of the grim theological doctrines of the Puritans,
and they were expressed in stanzas often rude, occasion-
ally sublime; but he was free from cant, conscientious
even to morbidness, perpetually praying and struggling
against pride and what he regarded as his besetting sins,
aspiring after a religious state altogether unattainable,
ever faithful to the extent of his strength and capacity,
and fearful lest his interest in his pupils and others
should steal away his heart from God, in whom his
trust was so strong as to appear almost ridiculous to
men who regard the Almighty as quite indiflTerent to
their fortunes.

WORKS.

1. Manuscript Abstracts or Notes of Sermons, chiefly in short-
hand. 1645-1650.

2. A book of exercises, mostly in Latin, while a member of
the Senior Class in College, and subsequently while a Tutor.
Among them are *' Prolegomena de Arte In Genere"; ''In Dia-
lecticam brevis Comentatio," in 200 Sections, dated Jan. 9 Annt
1 650; "Physicae Compendium," in 164 Sections; "Omnis Na-

284 CLASS OF 1 65 1.'

tura inconstans est porosa," being his Commencement part,
August 12, 1651 ; and, besides other matters, two Orations
in English: i. *'The Prayse of Eloquece**; 2. "Cone: True
Eloquece and how to attain it," the latter dated Aug. 30, 1653.
Extracts from these Orations are contained in the second edition
of Dean's Memoir.

3, 4. Two manuscript books, chiefly in short-hand.

All the preceding works belong to the Library of the New Eng-
land Historic-Genealogical Society.

5. A manuscript volume consisting chiefly of autobiographical
memoranda and religious experiences. 1652- 1657. M.

6. The Day of Doom: Or, A | Description | Of the Great
and Last | Judgment. | With | A Short Discourse | about | Eter-
nity. II London, Printed by W. G. for John Sims, at the Kings-
Head at Sweetings-Alley-end in Cornhill, next House to the Royal
Exchange. 1673. i2mo. Pp. (2) A Prayer unto Christ the
Judge of the World; 1-67 The Day of Doom; 70 [68] -71
without running-title; 72-77 On Eternity; 77-88 Postscript;
89-92 A Song of Emptiness, to fill up the Empty Pages follow-
ing, with the heading "Vanity of Vanities." P.

The first edition was printed in 1662. It is not known that a
copy of either of the first three editions is extant.

7. God's Controversy with New England. Written in the
time of the great drought. Anno 1662. By a lover of New Eng-
lands Prosperity. MS. M.

Printed in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, May, 1 87 1.

8. Upon the much Lamented Death of that precious servant of
Christ M' Benjamin Buncker^ Pasto'^ of the Church at Maldon,
who deceased on the 3^ of y« 12*^ moneth, 1669. The original, in
the author's handwriting, is among the Ewer Manuscripts, i. 8-9,
of the New England Historic-Genealogical Society. It consists of
112 lines in fourteen stanzas.

Printed in the Puritan Recorder, Boston, October 11, 1855, and
in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, May,
1871.

MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. 285

Thc'Fourth Edition. | | Boston, | Printed by P. R. for John

Usher. 1689. || 8vo. pp. 208.

Pp. 3-50 Meat out of the Eater, consisting of Meditations
I — 10 and a Conclusion Hortatory; p. 51 Riddles | Unriddled, |
Or I Christian Paradoxes | Broke open, smelling like sweet Spice \
New taken out of Boxes. | |

''Each Paradox, is like a Box,

That Cordials rare incloseth:
This Key unlocks, op'neth the Box

And what's within discloseth;
That whoso will may take his fill,

And gain where no man loseth."

Pp. 52-208 Riddles Unriddled | Or | Christian Paradoxes, |
Light in Darkness, [being pp. 53-91, Songs, i-io;]

Sick mens Health, [pp. 92-107, Meditations, 1-4;]
Strength in Weakness, [pp. 108-120, Songs, 1-4;]

Poor mens Wealth, [pp. 121 -137, Meditations, 1-5;]
In Confinement,

Liberty, [pp. 138-147, Songs, 1-3;]
In Solitude,

Good Company, [pp. 148-160, Songs, 1-3;]
Joy in Sorrow, [pp. 161 -179, Songs, 1-5;]

Life in Death, [pp. 180-189, Songs, 1-3;]
Heavenly Crowns for

Thorny Wreaths, [pp. 190-208, Songs, 1-5.] P.
The first edition was printed in 1669.

10. Massachusetts Annual Election Sermon, delivered in May,
1686. The General Court voted their thanks for it and desired
him ^^to prepare the same for the presse, adding thereto what he had
not then time to deliuer, the Court judging that the printing of it
will be for publick benefitt." Not having seen any copy of this
sermon, or any record of its publication, or found the title on any
book or library catalogue, I consider it doubtful if it was ever
printed. The change in the government immediately afterward
perhaps rendered it inexpedient or inconvenient.

11. Two Letters to Mrs. Avery, dated 11 February, 1690
[1690-1] and 23 March, 1691. Printed in the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, xvii. 139-142.

12. Letter to Increase Mather, respecting the Witchcraft De-

286

CLASS OF 1 65 1.

lusion, dated 5 July, 1704. Printed in the Collections of the Mas-
sachusetts Historical Society, xxxviii. 645.

More details respecting Wigglesworth and his Works may be
found in John Ward Dean's Memoir, which also contains a cata-
logue of Wigglesworth's library.

Authorities. — Bi - Centennial
Book of Maiden, 34, 75, 144, 156,
i89» 203. Boston News Letter,
1705, June 18. Christian Examiner,
V. 537. Connecticut Historical So-
ciety, Collections, ii. 54, 71. J. W.
Dean, Memoir, ist and 2d eds. ; and
New England Historical and Gene-
alogical Register, xviL 129. E. A.
& G. L. Duyckinck, Cyclopaedia of
American Literature, i. 57. J. Far-
mer, Genealogical Register, 317 ; and
American Quarterly Register, viiL
341. J. D. Green, Two" Hundredth
Anniversary Address, 23 May, 1849,
26, 52; and Bi-Centennial Book of
Maiden, 34, W. T. Harris, Epi-
taphs, 40. Harvard College Stew-
ard's Account-Books, i. 37. His-
torical Magazine, i. 176, 344; xiii.
1 27. A. Holmes, Annals of America,
L 493. S. Kettell, Specimens of
American Poetry, i. 35. Massachu-
setts Bay Records, v. 514. Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, Collec-

tions, xxix. 296 ; xxxviii. 94, 95, 645 ;
and Proceedings, April, 1857, 181;
January, 1861, 144; November, 1866,
358. C. Mather, Faithful Man De-
scribed and Rewarded; with Intro-
duction by I. Mather. New Eng-
land Historical and Genealogical
Register, iv. 66, 135, 186; ix. 328;
xi. 102, iio^ 239; XV. 335; xvii. 129;
xix. 38. B. Peirce, History of Har-
vard University, 250. J. Pike, Jour-
nal, in Collections of the New Hamp-
shire Historical Society, iii. 55. J.
Quincy, History of Harvard Univer-
sity, i. 457, 606. J. Savage, Gene-
alogical Dictionary, iv. 540 - 542. S.
Sewall, in American Quarterly Reg-
ister, xi. 177, 192; xiv. 399, 40a
W. B. Sprague, Annals of the Ameri-
can Pulpit, L 143. E. Stiles, His-
tory of Three Judges of Charles I.,
137. Wigglesworth's Diaries and
Autobiography, and Letters to Mrs.
Avery, in manuscript

SEABORN COTTON.

Bom 1633, died 1686, aged 52.

Rev. Seaborn, or, according to his autograph. Sea-
borne, Cotton, M. A., of Hampton, oldest child of the
Reverend John Cotton, of Boston, by his second wife,
Sarah Story, was born at sea, 12 August, 1633, while his

SEABORN COTTON. 287

parents were in the Griffin, on their voyage to New
England, and, being named from the circumstance of
his birth, was baptized in the First Church in Boston,
8 September, the first Lord's Day after they landed.

The father, who died in December, 1652, says in his
will, "And because y* south part of my house w*** S'
Henry Vane built, whilst he sojourned with me. He
by a deed gave it (at his departure) to my sonne Sea-
borne, I doe y'fore Leave it unto him as his by right,
& together y'with liberty of comonage with his mother
in y* South garden, wch lyeth vnder it. He carrying
himself (as I hope he will) respectively [respectfully ?] &
obediently to his Mother."

By the First Church in Boston "Seaborne Cotton
vpon his declaration of f work of Grace and pfession of faith
was accepted into full Comunion y* 24 of Oct. 1653."

May 23, 1655, he became a freeman.

October 7, 1655, "upon the desires of y* Church of
Weathersfield to Call him to office w*** his owne desires
signified to y* ch:" the First Church "w*** on Consent
dismissed him to y' worke and service y* 7*^ of y* 8*** m?.
1655." After being employed there and at other places
in the Colony without being settled, preaching probably
at Windsor in the latter part of 1656, he went, as early
As 1657, to Hampton, then in Massachusetts, now in
New Hampshire; for. May 2, 1657, a committee was
chosen to treat with his father-in-law "and with the
Elders in the bay to forder [further ?] th? calling of M'
Cotton according to former agreements"; and, 24 No-
vember, 1658, he gave a receipt to the town for sixty-five
pounds "for maintenance the past year."

Having aided the Reverend Timothy Dalton nearly
two years, he was ordained, says Hull, 4 May, 1659,
though no church records during his ministry are extant
to settle the question, none perhaps having been kept.

a88 CLASS OF 1651.

He was the first minister in New Hampshire who grad-
uated at Harvard College. The town granted him a farm
of two hundred acres, and an annual salary of sixty
pounds, afterward raised to seventy, and, in 1667, to
eighty pounds. Nevertheless he writes thus, 27 January,
1 66 1-2: "Deare Mother, I hope to see you in March,
if I can get any cloathes to weare, & money to bring
mee to you, for at present I am allmost naked of both.
However I most earnestly desire the continuance of your
prayers for my spirituall cloathing with the white robes
of the saints, & filling with the gifts of His spirit, who
alone can fitt me for his worke, & enable mee to serve
my generation, as my never to be forgotten Father hath
done before mee."

About this time a difficulty arose between Cotton and
the Quakers, which is thus stated by the Quaker histo-
rian, Sewel, under the year 1662. "At Hampton Priest
Seaborn Cotton^ understanding that one Eliakim Wardel
had entertained Wenlock Christison^ went with some of
his Herd to Eliakim^ House, having like a sturdy Herds-
man put himself at the Head of his Followers, with a
Truncheon in his Hand. TVenlock seeing him in this
Posture, askt him tFhat he did with that Club. To
which he answered. He came to keep the tFohes from his
Sheep. Wenlock then asking, Whether those he led^ were
his Sheepj got no answer, but instead thereof, was led
away by this Crew to Salisbury. This same Cotton having
heard that Major Shapleigh was become a ^aker, said.
He was sorry for ity but he would endeavour to convert him.
And afterwards drinking in a House in an Isle in the
River Piscatoway, and hearing the Major was there in
a Ware-house, he went thither; but going up Stairs, and
being in drink, he tumbled down, and got such a heavy
Fall, that the Major himself came to help this drunken
Converter."

SEABORN COTTON. 289

The substance of Sewel's statements is also given by
Bishop, who moreover says. Cotton "would needs go
to the Prison; and, taking another Priest with him, he
would, in the first place, needs seem to condole their
Conditions, as Prisoners, saying. He was sorry to see
them there \ but withal told them, That they were such as
denied the Scriptures to be their Rule of Life. Jane Mil-
lard demanded of him. If the Scriptures were the Saints
Rule of Lifey and that only by which they were to be Led
and Guided; then what was the Saints of Old their Rule
and Guide, who lived and dyed so long before the Scriptures
were written^ Seaborn answered. They had Scripture.
What Scripture had they? was of him demanded. Sea-
born reply'd. Scripture written in the Bark of Trees. Ed-
ward Wharton standing by, said. Seaborn, in Bark of
what Trees? He answered, in Bark of Birch-Trees. And
so with a Thing that he could not prove, with a Lye
in his Mouth he went away."

At a town meeting, 25 March, 1664, it was "voted,
and agreed, y* those y' are willing to have their children
called forth to be catechised, shall give in their names
to Mr. Cotton for that end, between this and the second
day of next month."

June 2, 1673, Cotton preached the Artillery Election
Sermon, but it was not printed.

In the summer of 1675 a new meeting-house was
erected, at the raising of which, all the males in town, of
twenty years of age and upwards, were required to be
present and assist, under a penalty of twelvepence each.

In December, 1678, Cotton took the Old Norfolk
County oath of allegiance, at Hampton.

In 1684, Governor Edward Cranfield, the week after
imprisoning the Reverend Joshua Moody, H. U. 1653,
for refusing to administer to him the Lord's Supper ac-
cording to the Liturgy, in a profane bravado sent word

19 [Priaud it7i, October 13.]

290 CLASS OF 1651.

to Cotton that when ^'he had prepared his soul he would
come and demand the sacrament of him, as he had done
at Portsmouth/* Cotton, fearing the Governor might
come before his soul was properly prepared, retired to
Boston. While there he preached a sermon from the
words, ** Peter was therefore kept in prison, but prayer
was made without ceasing of the church to God for him,"
which gave great offence to Cranfield and his friends in
New Hampshire ; but he suffered no molestation for it.
After Cranfield's departure he returned to his parish.

September 5, 1685, he writes a memorial to "His Ma-
iestyes Councill" of New Hampshire, showing that "too
many people have taken occasion" of an Act of 10 De-
cember, 1683, — whereby ** they were left at thayre Lib-
urty, whethar they would pay theyre ministers, or no,"
unless they "would Administer Baptisme, and the Lords
supper, to such as desired It, according to His Majes-
tyes Letter to y* Massachusetts which was never denyed
by me, to any that orderly asked it, — both to withold
what was my due before that Act, for the yeare 1683,
as also for y* yeare 1684, & are likely to doe so for y*
yeare 1685, except this Honorable Councill see cause
to passe an Act, & order . . . that I may have my Dues
according to the Townes Compact upon Record, and
theyre Agreement with my selfe, many yeares since."
In answer to which, "The Councel Order, that the Pe-
ticoner be left to the Law to have his remedy ag't the
persons he contracted with, for his dues."

Cotton died 19 April, 1686, and was buried 23d, "Being
esteemed," says Cotton Mather, "a thorough Scholar^ and
an able Preacher ; and though his Name were Sea-born^ yet
none of the lately Revived Heresies were more Abom-
inable to him, than that of his Namesake, Pelagius [or,
Morgan] of whom the IFitness of the Ancient Poet is true^

Pestifero Vamuit coluber Sermone Britannus'' ;

SEABORN COTTON. 29 1

Cotton concurring in sentiment with his father, who,
** being asked, why in his Latter Days he indulged Noc-
turnal Studies more than formerly, . . . pleasantly replied.
Because I love to sweeten my mouth with a piece of Calvin
before I go to sleeps .

The following lines are from "An Elegiack Tribute
to the Sacred Dust of Seaborn Cotton," by Edward
Tompson, H. U, 1684: —

" If tears & fears, or Moans & Groans were verse/
How would I, could I, should I grace the Herse
Of this vast soul ; of which th* unworthy earth
Was ner'e so much as honoured with the Birth.
The grandest birth ere Amphitrite had :
To rock his Cradle Angels they were glad.
By Winds & Waves, & prosperous Gales before
Heaven sent by Sea his heav'n-bom soul to shore.
Whose Worth, whose Works, whose Life and Well-spent Dayes
I need to imitate but not to praise. —
I ever hated flattering of the dead.
(Without all fraud) it may, must, shall be se'd
He was a Gemm, yoy, Jewel, Head and Hand,
Light, Life, Stay, Staffs & Oracle of our Land.
Hard things he ea£d, obscure he brought to Sight,
Feet to the lame he was: to Blind a Light.
Ears to the deaf Strength to the feeble Knee.
A Mouth to dumb. A Churches eye was hee.
.Hands to the helpless ones. Stay to the Weak.
The faint he checf^d: to wicked swords he'd speak
An heart to heartless. A Souls g^id, to keep
And fright off wolves & wicked from Christ* s sheep.
He drew & drove, wodd, wanid with all his might
Mens souls, by love, hy fear, hy force^ by Fright.
Never had Body such a Soul within:
Vice-hater, and a Thunder-bolt to Sin.
Oh how he studVd, preacht, teacht, practised too !
His words, works, light & life together gfrew.
A Mirrour and a Master-peice of Art.
His head was full of Light, of Grace his heart.

292 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

. He did not seek the Churches Goods but Good\
*Twas them not theirs he sought O what a brood
His sed'lous care^ love, labour, bred, fed, rais'dl
What earth does hide, in heaven will be f rats' d
Modest, mild, meek was he. A gracious grave
Pattern and Patron. Souls to strive to save
He made his work his wages. Souls to g^n
He nere grutcht time, labour, life, strength or fain.
To make souls start, smart, feel to heal, he spar'd
No cost, no means: let Heav'n regard, reward.
One while he'd draw, then thunder, yet anon
He'd bring to calm souls an Anodynon.
Scarce second to an Angel was his Tongue.
I wonder how he tarried here so long.
When fitted for the Angels company;
(That high, that holy, heavenly Hierarchy)
That he wasn't hous'd before, but left to stay
Till ominous sins did fright this Saint away."

June 14, 1654, Cotton married Dorothy, eldest daugh-
ter of Governor Simon Bradstreet by his wife Anne,
the female poet, daughter of Governor Thomas Dudley,
and had several children, among whom were Dorothy,
born at Hartford, Connecticut, 11 November, 1656;
John Cotton, H. U. 1678, who succeeded his father in
the ministry at Hampton; Elizabeth, born 13 August,

1665, who married the Reverend William Williams, of
Hatfield, H. U. 1683; and Mercy, born 3 November,

1666, who married Peter Tufts, father of the Reverend
John Tufts, H. U. 1708.

His wife Dorothy having died 26 February, 1672, he
married, 9 July, 1673, Prudence, daughter of Jonathan
Wade, of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and widow of Doctor
Anthony Crosby, of Rowley. Their son Rowland Cot-
ton, born 29 August, 1674, graduated in 1696.

SEABORN COTTON.

293

WORKS.

1. A manuscript volume of very full notes of sermc^s preached
by John Cotton, John Norton, Jonathan Mitchel, John Collins,
Samuel Danforth, and others. 1652- 1653. M.

2. Concio Valedictoria, being a manuscript on 2 Cor. 13, 11,
apparently in his handwriting. M.

3. Letters to Sarah Mather, dated 27 January, 1661, and to
Increase Mather, dated 16 June, 1667. Printed in the Collections
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xxxviii. 551-554.

4. Brief Summ of the Cheif Articles of the Christian Faith —
a Catechism. Cambridge. 1663. 8vo. pp. 36. Anonymous.

Thomas Prince writes in his manuscript catalogue, **This is s**
to be By Mr Seaborn Cotton^ in y^ Title Page, in y« Hand-Writing

of — r

Let

/me

Authorities. — T. Alden, Collec-
tion of American Epitaphs, il 134.
J. Belknap, History of New Hamp-
shire, Farmer's ed., 107, 479, 481.
G. Bishop, New England Judged,
392, 393. Boston First Church
Records. W. G. Brooks, Letter,
1862, February 24; and his Manu-
script copy of the Journal of Josiah
Cotton, H. U. 1698. J. Dow, His-
torical Address, 32 ; and Manuscript

Iter, 1 87 1, September 30. J. Far-
mer, Genealog. Reg., 70 ; and Farmer
and Moore's Collections, i. 257; ii.
238, 265, 266 ; iii. 41 ; Collections of
the Massachusetts Historical Society,
xxii. 300; xxiii. 187; of the New
Hampshire Historical Society, ii.
204; American Quarterly Register,
vi. 239; ix. no. J. B. Felt, Eccle-
siastical History of New England, i.
169; ii. 184, 252. A. Holmes, His-
tory of Cambridge, 55 ; and Collec-
tions of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, vii. 55. J. Hull, Diary, in
the Archsologia Americana, iii. 187.
E. Johnson, Wonder-working Provi-
dence, 36; also Collections of the

Massachusetts Historical Society, xn.
85. R. F. Lawrence, New Hamp-
shire Churches, 67. Massachusetts
Historical Society, Collections, ix.
22; X. 45 ; xii. 85 ; xxxi. 19; xxxviii.
551-554,581. C. Mather, Magna-
lia, iii. 20, 25, 31. New England /
Hist and Genealogical Register, i.
77, 164, 322, 325 ; ii. 78 ; iii. 65, 194 ;
V. 240; vi. 73, 204, 249; vii. 311;
viii. 312, 321 ; ix. 113, 114, 164; x.
155 ; xiv. 38 ; xix. 240. New Hamp-
shire Historical Society, Collections,
ii. 204; viii. 190^ 249. J. Savage, /
Genealog. Diet, i. 236, 464; iii. 612 ;
iv. 477. W. Sewel, History of the
Quakers, ed. 1725, 33a W. Shurt-
lefT, Sermon at N. Gookin's Ordina-
tion, 3a W. B. Sprague, Annals
of the American Pulpit, i. 29. H.
R. Stiles, History of Windsor, 574,
852. Suffolk County Probate Rec-
ords, i. 72. E. Tompson, Elegiack
Tribute. Z. Whitman, History of
the Ancient and Honorable Artillery
Company, 191. J. Winthrop, His-
tory of New England, i. iia

294 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

THOMAS DUDLEY.

Born about 1634, died 1655, aged about 21.

Thomas Dudley, M. A., born probably at Cambridge,
Massachusetts, on the southeast corner of Mount Au-
burn and Dunster Streets, was baptized 9 March, 1634,
at the First Church in Boston, where his mother, Mary,
daughter of Governor John Winthrop, was a church-
member. He was son of Samuel Dudley and grandson
of Governor Thomas Dudley. He probably accompa-
nied his father in 1635 on his removal to Ipswich, and
again two years afterwards on another remove at the
settlement of Salisbury, where the father resided twelve
years, and then was settled in the ministry at Exeter, New
Hampshire.

From the will of the graduate's grandfather Dudley,
dated 26 April, 1652, on file and record in the Suf-
folk County Probate Office, in Boston, it appears that
the grandfather "brought upp in some sort as" his "im-
mediate children" this Thomas and his brother John.
The will also says, "I give to Thomas Dudley my grand-
child Ten pounds a yeare for two yeares after my Death,
besides what I shall owe the Colledge for him at my
Death," and adds, in a codicil dated 30 April, 1653,
"Whereas my sonne Samuell Dudley, hath lately bene
importunate w*** mee to mainetayne his sonne Thomas
Dudley, at the Colledge at Cambridge vntill the moneth
of august, w^ shalbe in the yeare of our Lord, 1654. At
w'^'* tyme (if hee live) hee is to take his second degree, I
haue consented," etc. Accordingly he continued to board
in commons and reside at the College till that time.

The payments, of which there is record from the quar-
ter ending "8-8-50," are often made in silver; and
"8-2-51" there is credited £4. 9s. 4d. "payd by Siluer

THOMAS DUDLEY, ^95

and Indian, which was all the Gouernare would owne tho
more was demanded as appeareth on the debitors side."

June 7, 1654, the graduate was chosen Resident Fel-
low or Tutor; but, as there is no record of payment to
him for teaching, and no charge against him for com-
mons, later than the quarter ending September, 1654, it
is probable, that, if he entered upon his duties, he dis-
charged them only for a very short time.

"Hauing a Long tyme through the patience & good-
ness of God Layen vnder his afflicting hand," he made
his will, which was proved 7 November, 1655, at Bos-
ton, where he died of consumption, unmarried. Besides
several bequests to relatives, he gives "to mr Norton &
mrs Norton three pounds a piece, as a smale remem-
brance, for theire exceeding Large Love & Kindnes they
haue showne vnto" him; and his "Hebrew Lexicon y*
Pagnin made, ... to m' Norton over & besides" his "djet
& other many charges that they haue beene at " since his
"coining vnder their Roofe." He also gives to his
"Loueing friends Mrs Greene & goodwife Langhorne
both of Cambridge, forty shillings a piece as a token of"
his "Loue for theire great Loue to" him; and to "the
two mayde Servants of M" Norton a piece of kersy of
three yrds, & all" his "poore Linnen to be devided as
M" Norton shall Judge fittest."

Among the items in the inventory of his estate, taken
a I June, 1664, valued at £65. 15. oa. are one small rem-
nant of kersey, a debt due from Harvard College of
about £5, in books £7, and a part of Watertown mill
estimated at £40.

Authorities. — J. Belknap, His- tions, xxiv. 295. New England

toiy of New Hampshire, Fanner's ed., Historical and Genealogical Register,

• 33. D. Dudley, Dudley Genealo- i. 71 ; v. 296, 444; vi. 282, 288; x.

gies, 19. N. Oilman, Interleaved 135. L. R. Paige, Manuscripts. J.

Triennial Catalogue. Harvard Col- Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, ii.

lege Steward's Account-Books, i. 41. 77i 78. Suffolk County Probate

Massachusetts Hist Society, Collec- Records and Files.

296 CLASS OF 1651.

JOHN GLOVER.

Bom 1629, died 1696, aged 66.

John Glover, M. A., third son of John Glover, who
died in Boston, "11, 12, 1653," aged fifty-three years,
and whose wife's name was Anna, was born 1 1 October,
1629, at Rainhill, in Prescot, Lancashire, England, and
came to Massachusetts in 1630, with his parents, who
settled at Dorchester. From a portion of what appears
to have been a very long account current with the Col-
lege, it appears that his payments were made chiefly in
produce and articles of traffic. There are credits for
butter, rye, "wheatt," "Indian Corne," "malt" repeat-
edly, twenty bushels coming at once, "bootes" and
"shooes" frequently, "boyes shooes for m" Day,"
"shooes" for "goodm bordman," "a pair of Child's
shooes," "a pair of bootes for abraham Smyth," "vam-
pine goodm bordman boots," etc., besides some silver.

Not long after graduating the son went into business,
was somewhat distinguished as a merchant, making large
importations from London and other places, and by in-
heritance and purchase became a very large land-owner.
Minute details respecting his estates are given in the
Glover Memorials and Genealogies.

" By his father's will he was to receive two hundred
pounds in money in addition to what had been paid for
his education, and at the decease of his mother his share
in Newbury Farm," which was situated in Dorchester,
" and other lands was one fourth part. . . . He resided with
his mother at the mansion house in Boston, and in 1670,"
after her decease, was appointed, with the consent of his .
elder brother, Habakkuk, the administrator of the es-
tate. In 1679 ^^ ^^ designated "John Glover, of Boston,

HENRY BUTLER. 2^y

merchant." He was a resident at Swanzey, when, about
1680, he married Elizabeth Franklin, born in Boston
3 October, 1638, daughter of William Franklin, of Bos-
ton, whose wife was Alice, daughter of Robert Andrews,
of Ipswich, Massachusetts. In 1684 he bought a house
and several tracts of land of Joseph and Abigail Curtis,
in Sudbury, whither he removed from Swanzey. In
1690 he removed to Boston, and lived in Summer Street
till his death, 23 September, 1696, his remains being
laid in the Granary Burial Ground on the 25th.

In his will, dated 8 April, 1692, he gives all his
property to his wife Elizabeth. November 5, 1696,
less than two months after his decease, if the dates are
correct, his widow was married to Doctor John Cleverly,
of Braintree and Boston. Cleverly died in Boston, 5
May, 1703; and 27 July, 1703, less than three months
afterward, she was married to James Mosman, of Rox-
bury, who survived her about seventeen years, she hav-
ing died in Boston, 21 June, 1705.

It does not appear that Glover had any children.

Authorities. — A. Glover, Glover logical Dictionary, i. 55; ii. 200^

Memorials and Genealogies, 149. 261 ; iii. 624. D. A. Wells, Letter,

Harvard College Steward's Account- 1848, June 14.
Books, i. 45. J. Savage, Genea-

HENRY BUTLER.

Bom about 1624, died 1696, aged about 72.

Rev. Henry Butler, M. A., was probably the Henry
Butler who was teacher in Dorchester, Massachusetts,
as early as 1648 and as late as 1652. "Sir buttler" is
charged for commons, study-rent, and other items, from
1649-50, the earliest date in the Steward's Account-

298 CLASS OF 1651.

Books, till August, i654j when he took his degree of
Master of Arts.

He was made freeman 7 May, 1651.

Wigglesworth writes, 9 March, 1654: "Thursd. I
wet to Boston & fro y" to M' Butlers he being married.
... At Boston lecture & at a private meeting at M'
Butlers god did in some measure awake & recal my
straying affectios."

In 1664, William Stoughton includes "Mr Butler"
among those who had left Dorchester and whose estates
he had purchased.

Of the three candidates nominated in 1670 to succeed
Richard Mather, at Dorchester, one was "Mr. Butler, in
Old England."

Calamy says:' "Returning into England^ he spent a
Year or two in Dorchester^ and then settled at Teovil [in
Somersetshire], where he continued publick Minister, 'till
[the Act of Uniformity] Aug. 24, 1662. And he con-
tinued the Exercise of his Ministry afterwards in that
Town, and in other Places as he had Opportunity; and
was often Convicted, and Apprehended, and Imprisoned,
and suiFer'd great Losses by Fines, and Seizures of his
Goods; and was often forc'd to remove from his Habi-
tation. At length he settled at a Place in this County-
called lVithafnfr[f\aryy about Five Miles from Froom^

' Calamy begins his notice of Hen- took Cambridge, New England, for

ry Butler by saying he was "bom in Cambridge, Old England, and is

Kenty and educated in Cambridge, clearly in error as to the age of the

When he was about Thirty Years graduate when he came to America,

of Age, he took a Voyage into New If Wigglesworth, as cited in the

England^ with several others, for the text, alludes to his classmate, Henry

free Exercise of their Religion, and Butler, as seems probable, the John

he continued there Eleven or Twelve Butler, baptized 6 July, 165 1, as

Years in the Work of the Ministry, mentioned by Savage, could hardly

and teaching University Learning." have been the son of the graduate,

Calamy obviously confounds two as he states, unless he was twice

persons of the same name, or mis- married.

HENRY BUTLER. 299

where he was Pastor of a Congregation : And no danger
from Enemies, no violence of Weather, no indisposition
of Body hindred him from meeting his People, either in
private Houses, or in Sir Edward Seymowr% Woods, as
was thought- most safe: And.tho' it was with difficulty,
and labour, and hazard, that they met together, yet the
Congregation grew, and he did much good. Tho* he
had not 20 /. per Annum to live upon 'till about two Years
before his Death, yet no offers of worldly Advantage
would tempt him to leave his Charge. He was much
Afflicted with the Stone, in the latter part of his Life,
and yet continued his Pains among his People, as his
Strength would permit. He died April 24, 1696, Aged
about 72. His last Words were these: ^A broken and
a contrite hearty O GOD, Thou wilt not despise.* "

He married Anne, supposed to have been daughter
of John Holman by his first wife.

August 4, 1673, Butler then or lately of Yeouel in
Somersetshire, England, in consideration of one hundred
and sixty pounds received from Thomas Holman, his
wife's younger brother, made a deed to himj acknowl-
edged 7 November, 1674, of "all that housinge, lands,"
etc., which he had or should have in Milton or Dor-
chester in New England, formerly belonging to John
Holman, late of Milton, deceased.

The Butler School at the Upper Mills in Dorchester,
Massachusetts, is appropriately named from this early
instructor.

Authorities.— E. Calamy, Eject- Harvard College Steward's Account-
ed or Silenced Ministers, iL 611. Books, i. 52. S. Palmer, Noncon-
History of Dorchester, 144, 195, 219, formist's Memorial, ii. 388. J. Sav-
470, 482. J. Farmer, Genealogical age, Genealogical Dictionary, i. 320 ;
Register, 51. J. B. Felt, Ecclesias- ii. 451. M. Wigglesworth, Manu-
tical History of New England ii* 42. script Diary.

JOO CLASS OF 165I.

NATHANIEL PELHAM.

Born about 1632, died 1657, aged about 25.

Nathaniel Pelham, B, A., son of Herbert Pelham,
first college treasurer, who returned to England in 1649,
was baptized 5 February, 163 1-2, his mother being Eliz-
abeth, daughter of Thomas Waldegrave. His name is
not found on the Steward's Account-Books. In No-
vember, 1657, as already noticed on page 258, he sailed
from Boston for England in '^ Mr. Garretts ship," which
"had aboard her a very rich lading of goods, but most
especially of passengers, about fifty in number; whereof
divers of them were persons of great worth and virtue,
both men and women," among whom were Pelham's
classmate John Davis, and Jonathan Ince, H. U. 1650;
and "was never heard of more."

Authorities. — D. Gookin, in sex, il 267. L. R. Paige, Manu-

CoUections of the Massachusetts His- scripts. J. Savage, Genealogical

torical Society, i. 202, 203. T. Mo- Dictionary, iii. 386,
rant, History and Antiquities of £s-

JOHN DAVIS.

Died 1657.

John Davis, M. A., son of William Davis, of New
Haven, though sometimes absent from Cambridge for
several consecutive months, kept an account current with
the College till September, 1657; generally, with an ex-
ception of "three pecks of peasse," making his payments
in wheat, the "freight from harford to boston" and

JOHN DAVIS. 301

'*from bostoa to the stewards house" being charged to
him.

In 1655 he was preaching and teaching school in
Hartford. "The precise time of his coming or going
is uncertain. The town allowed him ten pounds *for
preaching and schooling* to the 7th of February, 1655-6,
and payment of an unpaid balance due him was ordered
by the town. May 28, 1656. A memorandum on the
town records shows that [the] sum stipulated to be paid "
to him "for the year 1655, was contributed or advanced
before Jan. 20, 1655-6, by six individuals ... all of the
* South side* of Hartford, and three or four of whom
were among the 'withdrawers' from the first church in
1656, or became members of the second church in
1669-70.**

As mentioned on pages 258 and 300, he, in a company
of about fifty passengers, among whom were Jonathan
Ince, H.'U. 1650, and his classmate Nathaniel Pelham,
sailed from Boston for London in November, 1657, on
board a ship of which James Garrett was master, and
was "never heard of more.**

Gookin says, Davis "was one of the best accom-
plished persons for learning, as ever was bred at Harvard
College.**

Authorities. — Connecticut His- 202, 203. Harvard College Stew-

torical Society, Collections, ii. 54* ard's Account- Books, i. 53. J. Sav-

D. Gookin, in Collections of the age, Genealogical Dictionary, il 18,

Massachusetts Historical Society, i. 22.

302 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

ISAAC CHAUNCY.

Born 1632, died 17 12, aged about 79.

Rev. Isaac Chauncy, M. A., was the oldest of Presi-
dent Chauncy's six sons, all of whom graduated at Har-
vard College. His mother was Catharine, daughter of
Robert Eyre, of Sarum, in Wiltshire, barrister. He
was born 23, and baptized 30, August, 1632, at Ware,
in Hertfordshire, England. Before he was six years old
he came to Plymouth, New England, with his parents,
whom, in 1641, he accompanied to Scituate.

From the accounts with "Chauncyes Senior and Jun-
ior," which were entered as one in the Steward's books,
it seems that he and his brother, Ichabod Chauncy, who
was a classmate, terminated their connection with the
College about the time of graduating, though there are
charges, "8-6-54," when they took the degree of Master
of Arts. Among the items of their expenses are "bring-
inge malt from boston and from the Creek," "Payd to
frances morr for shooe mending," besides the items com-
mon to students who roomed and boarded in college,
for which there are credits of silver, wheat, malt, lambs,
"Alowed Senior Chancey towards a scollership," etc.

"Mw/, if not ii//," of President Chauncy*s sons, "like
their Excellent Father before them, had an Eminent Skill
in Physick added unto their other Accomplishments," it
being not uncommon at that time for a clergyman to
practise the two professions. Isaac Chauncy, having
probably pursued his professional studies with his father,
returned to England, and it has been supposed received
the degree of M. D., though I think it doubtful, as Neal
is the earliest authority for the statement, neither Mather
nor any early Harvard Catalogue noticing it.

ISAAC CHAUNCY. 3O3

Not long before the Restoration he was presented

with the living of Woodborough, in Wiltshire, where he

continued till he was ejected by the Act of Uniformity

in 1662. After that he was "for some time Pastor to

a Congregational Church at Andover^ who met in the

same Place with the People that were under the Pastoral

Care of Mr. Samuel Sprint^* " who attempted a coalition

between the two churches, and had brought Mr. Chaun--

cey to consent to it, but some of his people opposed and

frustrated the design." " Having applied himself to the

Study of Physick," says Calamy, "he quitted Andover^

some time after the Recalling King Charles^ Indulgence,

and came to London^ with a Design to act as a Physician,

rather than as a Preacher for the future"; his residence

in 1 68 1-2 being in "Blew Boar Court, in fFriday Street."

In October, 1687, while so employed, Clarkson's society

gave him a call to Bury Street, "in conjunction with Mr.

LoefFs."" This position he held fourteen years, the

church meeting at the house of a Doctor Clark, in Mark

Lane.

" At length finding the Society decrease and decay, he
took up a Resolution wholly to quit ministerial Service,
and no Entreaties could prevail with him to the con-
trary. Tho' he was no popular Preacher, yet Mr. Sprint^
who was a good Judge of Learning, and knew him well,
always gave him the Character of a learned Man ; which
will scarce be denied by any unprejudiced Persons, that
were well acquainted with him."

Wilson says: "He was rigid in his principles," and
"greatly distinguished himself in the controversy that

' It is remarkable that five ejected colleague and successor, and subse-

ministers, Caryl, Owen, LoefTs, Clark- quently the society was under the

son, and Chauncy, were connected care of Doctor Savage. The edifice

with this churchy which has long was afterward used for mercantile

ceased to have a separate existence, purposes.
Doctor Price became Doctor Watts's

304 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

followed the publication of Dr. Crisp*s works, by his
zeal against Dr. Williams, and what was then called the
Neonomian doctrine. This he frequently made the sub-
ject of his ministry. But what rendered him chiefly
unpopular, was his frequent preaching upon the order
and discipline of gospel churches, by which he, at last,
preached away most of his people." He resigned his
charge 15 April, 1701, and Isaac Watts, "who had been
his assistant above 2 years," was not long afterward
chosen his successor, and declared his acceptance of the
office 8 March, 1 701-2, the day on which King William
died.

After Chauncy removed to London he was "divinity
tutor to the Dissenter's academy in London, immediately
before Dr. [Thomas] Ridgley and Mr. [John] Eames,"
and held the office till he died, 28 February, 17 12.'

The name of Chauncy's wife was Jane. They had
several children, of whom were Elizabeth, who married
the Reverend John Nesbit, alluded to by Macaulay as
the "Mr. Nisby" mentioned in Addison's Spectator,
No. 317, and Charles Chauncy, who settled in Boston,
Massachusetts, married Sarah, daughter of John Walley,
and was father of the Reverend Charles Chauncy, H. U.
1721.

WORKS.

1. The Catholick | Hierarchie: | Or, | The Divine Right of
a I Sacred Dominion | in | Church | and | Conscience, | Truly
Stated, Asserted, and Pleaded. || London. 168 1. 4to. pp. (4)
To a worthy Gentleman, signed **CathoHcus Verus"; (i) Con-
tents; (i) Errata; and 152 Text. Anonymous. M.

2. Ecclesia Enucleata : | The Temple Opened : | Or, A Clear |
Demonstration | Of the True | Gospel-Church | in its | Nature
and Constitution, | According to the | Doctrine and Practice | of |
Christ and his Apostles. | | By I. C. || London. 1684,

' The institution was in existence of John Pye Smith, D. D., and known
in 1808, at Homerton, under the care as the Fund-board Society.

ISAAC CHAUNCY. 3O5

sm. 8vo. or i6mo. Pp. (11) Preface, signed I. C. j (1-2) Con-
tents ; (i) Errata ; and 160 Text. P.

T. Prince says, "This book is supposed to be wrote by M'
Isaak Chauncy,'' and he enters it under Chauncy's name in his
manuscript catalogue.

3. A Theological Dialogue, containing a Defence and Justifi-
cation of Dr. John Owen, from the forty-two errors charged upon
him by Mr. Richard Baxter. London. 1684.

4. The Second Part of the Theological Dialogue, being a Re-
joinder to Mr. Richard Baxter. 1684.

5. The Unreasonableness of Compelling Men to go to the
Holy Supper; in which is answered a pamphlet entitled The
Case of compelling to the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper,
&c., vindicated by the Rules of the Gospel. London. 1684.

6. Ecclesiasticum : | Or | A Plain and Familiar | Christian Con-
ference, I concerning | Gospel Churches, and Order. | For the
Information and Benefit of those, | who shall seek the Lord their
God, and ask | the way to Zion, with their faces thitherward ; . • • ||
London. 1690. sm. 8vo. Preface pp. (13), signed Isa. Chauncy ;
and Text pp. 144. Anonymous. P,

7. The I Interest of Churches : | Or, A | Scripture Plea | For |
Stedfastness in Gospel Order. | Being A | Discourse | concerning |
The Duty of a Church-Member, viz.' stedfastly | to continue in
the Communion of a particular Church of | Christ, to which he
hath joined himself. | The substance of which was preached to a
Congregation | in London, and now published, with some Enlarg-
ment, for the | benifit of that and other Churches of Christ. || Lon-
don, Printed for the Author. 1690. 4to. pp. 39. M^ W„

8. Examen Confectionis Pacificae : | Or, A | Friendly Examina-
tion I of the I Pacifick Paper : | Chiefly concerning | The Consist-
ency of Absolute Election of | Particular Persons with the Uni- |
versality of Redemption ; | And, | The Conditionality of the Cove-
nant of Grace. | Wherein also | The New Scheme is clearly
declared || London. 1692. 410. pp. 22. Anonymous. P.

9. Neonomianism Unmask'd : | Or, the | Ancient Gospel |

( Law
Pleaded, | Against the Other, | called | A New< or Ina|

I Gospel.
Theological Debate, occasioned by a Book lately | Wrote by

20 [Primed 1871^ January 10.]

306 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

Mr. Dan. Williams, Entituled, Gospel-Truth | Stated and Vindi-
cated : Unwarily Commended and Sub- | scribed by some Divines. |
Applauded and Defended by the late Athenian Clubb. || London,
Printed for J. Harris at the Harrow in the Poultry, 1692. 4to.
Pp. (4) Epistle Dedicatory ; (2) Some of the Paradoxes contained
in the Neonomian Scheme ; and Text 04 [40]. P.

Daniel Williams wrote " A Defence of Gospel Truth. Being
a Reply to Mr. Chancy's First Part." P.

10. A I Rejoynder | to | Mr. Daniel Williams | His | Reply |
To the First Part of | Neomianism Unmaskt. | Wherein | His
Defence is Examined, and his Argu- | ments Answered ; whereby
he endea- | vours to prove the Gospel to be a New | Law with
Sanction : And the contrary | is proved. || London. 1693. 4to.
pp. 48. P.

11. Neonomianism Unmask'd : | Or, the | Ancient Gospel |
Pleaded, | Against the Other, | called. The New Law. | The Sec-
ond Part of the Theological | Debate, occasion'd by Mr. Dan.
William's Book, | wherein the following Points are Discussed. |
I. What the State of the Elect is before Effectual Calling?
IL Whether God laid our Sins on Christ? IIL Whether the
Elect were Discharged from Sin upon Christ's bearing them ?
IV. Whether the Elect cease to be Sinners from the time their
Sins were laid on Christ ? V. What was the time when our Sins
were laid on Christ ? VL Whether God was separated from
Christ while our Sins lay upon him? London. 1693. 410.
pp. (4) An Animadvertisement ; and Text 336. Between pages 82
and 83 is a title-page ^^ . . . being the Continuation of the Second
Part . . ., and following page 336 is Neonomianism Unmask'd.
Part III, pp. 104 without a title-page. P,

12. The I Doctrine | Which is according to | Godliness |
Grounded upon the Holy Scri- | ptures of Truth ; and agreeable |
to the Doctrinal Part of the Eng- | lish Protestant Articles, and
Con- I fessions. | To which is Annexed, | A Brief Account of the
Church-Order of the | Gospel according to the Scriptures. || Lon-
don, n. d. [1694]. i2mo. Pp. (i) Errata; (9) Epistle to the
Reader ; 352 Text ; and Table (17). M^ P, IF.

T. Prince, in his manuscript catalogue in the Library of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, writes: ^^I place it in 1694, Bee
M' I. Mather writes in y« i** Blank Leafe — /. Mather ex Dono
Jutheris iJ, Octob. 6. 1694, & bee y« Author was educated in N E."

ISAAC CHAUNCY. 3O7

The same. London. 1737. i6mo. pp. (6), 337, (18). In
the Boston Public Library.

13. A I Discourse | Concerning | Unction, | and | Washing of
Feet. I Proving | That They be not Instituted Sacraments, | or Ordi-
nances in the Churches. || London. 1697. 8vo. pp. 30. H.

14. The I Divine Institution | of | Congregational Churches, |
Ministry and Ordinances, | [as has bin Professed by those of that
Persuasion] | Asserted and Proved from the Word of God. || Lon-
don. 1697. i2mo. Pp. iii-xii To the Reader; Text 142. -H, W.

15. Christ's Ascension to fill all things. | | Being A | Ser-
mon I PreachM at | Horsly-Down, | at the | Solemn Ordination
and setting a-part | of | Elders and Deacons, | by the | Church of
Christ, there Assem- | bled on that Occasion, | Wednesday, Sep*
tember 21. 1698. || London. 1699. sm. 8vo. Preface pp. (2)
signed J. C. ; Text pp. 5-64. P.

16. An Essay to the Interpretation of the angel GabriePs
prophecy, delivered by the prophet Daniel, chap. ix. 24: || Lond.

1699. sm. 8vo. pp. 119.

17. Alexipharmacon : | Or, A | Fresh Antidote | against | Neo-
nomian Bane, and Poyson | to the | Protestant Religion. | Being
a Reply to the late Bishop of | Worcester's Discourse of Christ's
Satisfaction, | in Answer to the Appeal of the late Mr. | Steph.
Lob. I And also a Refutation of the Doctrine of Ju- | stification by
Man's own Works of Obedience, | delivered and defended by Mr.
John Humphrey, | and Mr. Sam. Clark, contrary to Scripture,
and I the Doctrine of the first Reformers from Popery. || London.

1700. 8vo. Pp. (4) Preface; (2) A Catalogue of Mr, Isaac
Chauncy's Books, Printed for, and sold by William Marshall ; i -
100 signed J. C. ; and 1-176 "The Doctrine of Justification
Explained and Vindicated, &c." without title-page. P.

Authorities. — E. Calamy, Eject- Histor. and Genealog. Reg., x. 323.
cd and Silenced Ministers, ii. 761 ; Harvard College Steward*s Account-
iv. 877. C. Chauncy, in Collections Books, i. 57. Massachusetts His-
of the Massachusetts Historical So- torical Society, Collections, xxxviii.
ciety, X. 177. R. Clutterbuck, Hert- 619. C. Mather, Magnalia, iii. 140.
fordshire, ii. 401. S. Deane, Hist D. Neal, History of New England, i.
of Scituate, 177. J. Farmer, Gene- 390. [J. Oldmixon], British Empire
alog. Reg., 56, 57 ; and Amer. Quart in America, 2d ed., i. 218. S. Palm-
Reg., ix. I II. J. B. Felt, Ecclesiasti- er. Nonconformist's Memorial, ii. 517.
cal History of New England, ii. 47. J. Savage, Genealog. Diet., i. 367, 368.
W. C. Fowler, Memorials of the W. B. Sprague, Annals, i. 113. W.
Chaunceys, 32, 46 ; and N. England Wilson, Dissenting Churches, i. 289.

308 CLASS OF 1 65 1.

ICHABOD CHAUNCY.

Bom about 1635, died 1691, aged about 56.

Rev. Ichabod Chauncy, M. A., of Bristol, England,
to whom allusion has been made on page 302, in the
notice of his brother and classmate, Isaac Chauncy, is
called Doctor by Calamy, and has M. D. affixed to his
name by Clutterbuck, but without a designation of the
institution from which the degree was received.

Born in England about 1635, he probably came to
New England with his brother, pursued the same courses
of study, and went back with him not long after gradu-
ating. According to Calamy, "He was Chaplain to Sir
Edward Hurleys Regiment at Dunkirk^ when the Uni-
formity Act took place. He afterwards became a Phy-
sician in Bristoly and was of good Note. He was Prose-
cuted on the 35th Eliz. and upon that Act suffered
Banishment. In 1684. he was compelled to abjure the
Realm ; and remov'd himself and his Family into Hol-
land: But upon King Jameses Liberty, he returned to
Bristol in i686; and there he died July 25, 1691," aged
fifty-six, and was buried in St. Philip's Church. From
his will, in Doctor's Commons, it appears that he left a
good property.

His wife, Mary King, after his death married a Guil-
lim, and died at Bristol in 1736, aged ninety. He left
three sons: Stanton, who died at Nevis in November,
1707, unmarried; Charles, born 14 March, 1673-4, a
successful merchant in London, who died 3 January,
1763; and Nathaniel, born 14 February, 1679, who en-
tered into holy orders, was minister at Devizes nearly
fifty years, and died 16 May, 1750.

JONATHAN BURR. 3O9

WORKS.

1. Letters to Increase Mather, dated Bristol, 17 February (?),
1681-2, and London, 12 August, 1683. Printed in the Collec-
tions of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xxxviii. 617-620.

2. Innocence Vindicated by an Impartial Narrative of the
Proceedings of the Court of Sessions in Bristol, against Ichabod
Chauncey, Physician in that City. 1684. 4^<>*

Authorities. --E.Calamy, Eject- rials of the Chaunceys, 32, 79, 82.

ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 610 ; iv. Harvard College Steward's Account-

756. C. Chauncy, in Collections of Books, i. 57. Massachusetts His-

the Massachusetts Hist Society, x. torical Society, Collections, xxxviii.

177. R. Clutterbuck, Hertfordshire, 617-620. C. Mather, Magnalia,

ii. 401. S. Deane, History of Scitu- iii. 140. [J. Oldmixon^ British

ate, 178. J. Fanner, Genealogical Empire in America, 2d ed., i. 218.

terly Register, ix. 112. J. B. Felt, rial, ii. 352. J. Savage, Genealogical

Ecclesiastical History of New Eng- Dictionary, i. 368. W. B. Sprague,

land, iL 47. W. C. Fowler, Memo- Annals,!. 113.

JONATHAN BURR.

Died 1691.

Jonathan Burr, M. A., born in England, was son
of the Reverend Jonathan Burr, rector of Richings Hall,
who was silenced by Laud, came to New England with
his wife Frances and three children in 1639, ^^^ settled
at Dorchester in February, 1640, as colleague with Rich-
ard Mather, and died 9 August, 1641, aged thirty-six.
The graduate, who came with his father, was educated
by his stepfather, Richard Dummer, of Newbury. His
expenses in college were paid chiefly in "beaflf" and
"wheatte"; but there is one credit for "malt," and,
"ij-y-^o," there was "Giuen him for wrytinge out
the table, 5s." He left Cambridge when he graduated.

310 GLASS OF 1651.

but appears to have been present at taking the degree of
Master of Arts in 1654, as he is charged for commons,
etc., at that time, besides the usual "Commencment
Chardges £3.*'

He settled as a physician at Bristol, England, where
he died 25 July, 1691.

Authorities. — M. H. Burr, Man- lections of the Massachusetts His-

uscript Notes, 1870, August 30. N. torical Society, ix. 181. Harvard

Cleaveland, First Century of Dum- College Steward's Account-Books,

mer Academy, Appendix, x. His- i. 61. J. Savage, Genealogical Dic-

tory of Dorchester, 109, 556. T. M. tionary, i. 307. J. Winthrop, His-

Harris, History of Dorchester, in Col- tory of New England, ii. 22.

CLASS OF 1652.

JOSEPH ROWLANDSON.

Bom about 1631, died 1678, aged about 47.

Rev. Joseph Rowlandson, B. A., of Lancaster, Mas-
sachusetts, and of Wethersfield, Connecticut, the only-
graduate in 1652, born about 163 1, probably in England, •
was son of Thomas Rowlandson, of Ipswich, Massachu-
setts, who was made freeman 2 May, 1638, and died at
Lancaster, 17 November, 1657.

It is remarkable that the graduate's name is not in
the Steward's Account-Books, the first of these, dated
0,6 November, 1651, containing copies of accounts from
March, 1649-50, with a few items of an earlier date.
Possibly the omission may have been occasioned by an
indiscreet act of Rowlandson before the book was bought.

Near the close of his Junior year in college, he posted
upon the meeting-house in Ipswich a "scandelous lybell," "

' The libel was contained in the not downe I pray til all ye people
two following articles, written by haue sene mee and then tume mee.

RowUndson in a disguised hand, "O God ftoohcuenlooke thou daw».

on the two sides of the paper, and Doe not thy semanu wonder

here reprinted from WiUard's edition To see thy honour so abused

of Mrs. Rowlandson's Narrative. y tm so nn

I. " Gentlemen I beseech you looke "The fcete of proud malignant onea

heere and teU me truly have I not ^^Sll'-uilrJZ^.

discharged my duty very well I To tume aside the right,

pray bee pleased to be informed fur- u^^^, ^^ ^ ^^ .^pp^a bee

ther in a long tale of enuie pull me Before it had thus gained

312

CLASS OF 165:2.

for which he was brought before the Quarterly Court at
Ipswich, 30 September, 1651. The Judges, being Gov-

Oner the truth and what may hee
By right of hiwe mayntayned?

" What were not Rulen able to
It totally expell
Or had not they aome might at least
Its strength somewhat to quell ?

" O blessed God why didest thou
Thy rulers all restraine
flrom seeing enuie fully bent
Its will ior to mayntayne?

" O enuie hast thou thus preuayld
And is thy hand so high
That now Gods ordinance must bee
Prodaim'd a nullity?

" Did euer enuie thus preuayla
In any generation
Was euer such an act as this
Heard of in any nation ?

" Were euer those that God made one
Deuided thus in sunder
Did euer enuie thus proceede
Good hearers stand and wonder?

" What men doe joyne it graunted is
Men may againe disseuer
But what the Lord conioynes in one
Disioyned may bee neuer

" Whence comes it Enuie then that thou
Doest this day triumph make
And in the publick eares of all
This fundamentall stake ?

*' Tartarian sulphur had expeUd
Or totally obscured
The light that long time half was quelld
In her conscience so inpured

" And hence I enuie got the day
Her conscience so to seare
Til I at length had found a way
To put her out of fear

" And so did I cause her to say
Euen what it was I lyst
Nor care beeing had mto the truth
Whether it hit or mist

''If enuie hath thus deceived thee
O woman, and the allurements of thy
pretended friends conspiring there-

with, so brought thee to belye thy
conscience as it is credibly reported
heere in this towne wr I Uve that am
so indifferent in the thing as indeed
cannot bee otherwise being so re-
mote from wr you live: then I doe
profess that ye Court did well to free
the poore man of his burthen and if
I knew him I would certainely tell
him so. More ouer me thinks I
would tell him that he hath indeed
done very ill to keep her so long from
performing her promise to that same
young-man so long agoe ; which if I
had knowledge of I could inform him
punctually concerning I pray you
therefore that reade this writing in-
form him of my name and direct him
to the towne where I Hue and I hope
I may give him a little something for
his further ease since I heare the
Court hath proceeded so farre in that
way already. In the meane time I
have made bold to send this writing,
which least it should miscarry his
hands I did desire the bearer to set
it up in publicke, that so he might
not bee altogether vn-informed of
our iudgment heer in this towne

"By mee. Justice Pleader
in the Towne of Conscience,*
3000 miles distant from any
place well neere in Newe-
England."

1 1. '' If I were as the man that is so
cast I would indeede haue appealed to
yt Court that only by the Lawes of
America hath to doe in such cases
namely ye court of assistants who
haue ye sole-power to determine an

* Instead of the words following " Conscienoe,'* new england where I saw her triumph in a greene
the Court document at Salem has " in America in chariot y£ huly Asterea riding in y« right boote.'*

JOSEPH ROWLANDSON.

3^3

ernor John Endicott, Simon Bradstreet, Samuel Symonds,
Daniel Denison, and William Hathorne, sentenced him,

undeterminable matter heerein by
those that are meere parties but since
it is past, I would earnestly appeale
to the Court where God himself is
Judge, and all the saints men and
angels are assistants; whose throne
is ye heaven of heavens ; there the
innocent shall be acquitted and those
that now sing their enuious Trophe
shall be lyable to answer for the hor-
rible abuse of yr consciences in mis-
informing and deluding those hon-
ored Judges that he hath upon earth
substituted.

"Gentlemen— If any seeme to
be offended at my verdict, let it be
given mee under his hand and I will
doe the best satisfaction that the law
requires if that serues not upon lib-
erty of consideration for ye space ol
a quarter of an hour (the law aford-
ing twelue) for an appeale, I rather
will lie downe vnder an vniust cen-
sure, than be troublesome especially
if all my iudges be atumyes of the
opposite party : in the meane time I
pray giue the Man whom this paper
concerns the same libertie and I
hope all will do well

"Remember mee I pray to the
Marshall of Ipswich and tell him that
I heare he may be an honest man in
the iudgment of charity : I pray send
me word if he bee not a Hash-all as
well as Marshall for I heare he is
uery buisie in euerie bodies matters

"I am a peaceable sonne in Israeli
and am only some-wt moued beyound
my wont or wr I commend in my-self
or others by ye only remote heare-say
of this present business a matter I
doe belieue, the like whereof neuer
was heard in any nation all this duely
weighed.

"God save the Governor and all
the honored asistants and giue them
long to rule this people with the civil
sword and that they may vse the
same in all bene-administration them-
selues alone [turning out all Associ-
ates which are able to corrupt justice
bee y cause neuer so good*] and that
so they may do as they will answer
the great Judge another day :

"Good people honour your gov-
ernor and Magistrates who are the
ministers of God for good and I
hope as this mans experience growes
more sanctified hee will say they min-
istered good vnto him in taking away
such a burthen that the Lord perhaps
saw unsupportable for him

"I heare there is one whom I think
they call Dan Ross in that towne He
assure you if it be he that I know he
is a uery sneaking sycophant and I
feare one whom God will deale se-
uerely with shortly : when he lived in
our country a wet Eeles tayle and his
word were something worth ye taking
hold of.**

The authorship of the articles was
acknowledged, as appears from the
following document, which, as well as
the subjoined note, is taken from the
Essex County Court Records at Sa-
lem.

"Joseph Rowlison appearing be-
fore me vpon this day (Maior Deny-
son being present) to answer a deep
suspicoii for being the Author or to

• "These w6rdt weere blotted in the paper yet
weere to legible that wee distinctly read them the
3 Joly «6si

*'JOHN ROGBIIS

**JosBPH Pains
"Mosss Pkncry.*'
" I read y* woids above written w^out much
difficulty.

"W: HuBBASXx"

314 CLASS OF 1652.

for "his great misdemenor," to be "whipt vnlese he
paye 51b by wedensday come 3 weekes or be whipt the
next Thursdaye and 51b more when the court shall call
for it, and to paye all charges 30s for the marshalls
goeing with atachmt for him to Cambridge & Boston
and fees of Court."

Having pursued the study of divinity about two years,
he went, as early as the summer or fall of 1654, to preach
at Lancaster, Massachusetts, then containing about twenty
families. February 12, 1654-5, he subscribed the town
covenant, and recehred his allotment of twenty acres of
upland and forty of interval. All this was done not-
withstanding the order of the General Court, 18 May,
1653, "That the inhabitants of Lancaster doe take care
that a godly ministery may be maintajned amongst them,
and that no evill persons, enemjes to the lawes of this
comon-wealth in judgment or practize, be admitted as
inhabitants amongst them, and none to lottes confirmed
but such as take the oath of fidellitje"; to which may
be added the vote of the residents themselves, not to
receive "as inhabitants any Excommunicanty or otherwise
profane or scandalous, • . . nor any one notoriously erring
against the doctrine and discipline of the churches, and
the estate and Government of this Commonwealth."

Whether the corporal punishment ordered by the Court
was ever inflicted on Rowlandson I have not ascertained.
It is natural, however, to suppose that his vocation and
character at this time, taken in connection with what he
had already suflfered, would have precluded further action
as to the "scandelous lybell." Yet their "Honored

have have had a hand in a pnitious sume of 50! to appeare at Ipsw^h Court

scandalous libell against Authority. next to answere the same & Thomas

''The said Joseph Rolandson Con- Rolandson Sen' as his suerty is bound

fessed himself to be the Author of y« in the same sume.
same. Wherevpon the said Joseph "17*^ 5** 1651."

is bound to this govemmt in the

JOSEPH ROWLANDSON. 3I5

worships," thinking otherwise, appear to have exacted
the following humiliating confession, still preserved, in
his handwriting, in the office 'of the Clerk of the Es-
sex County Courts at Salem,

"Forasmuch as I Joseph Rowlandson through the
suggestion of Satan, and the evil of my owne heart, by
that being strongly attemted, by the depravation of this
too facilly inclined to the perpetration of a fact whose
nature was anomic, and circumstances enormities. And
being not onely iustly suspected, but also hauing both
an inward cogniscance of and an external call (by virtue
of Lawful Authority before w** I was convented) to
speake the truth or at least not to vtter the contrary.
Yet notwithstanding to the Dishonour of God and dis-
credit of his truth, and to the greife of the Godly and in
fine the wounding of my owne conscience: did not heark-
en therevnto but rather to the equivocal delusions with
which Satan did then beset mee. not onely to the waving
but also abnegation of the same. In all which Respects
it seemed good to the foresayd Authority, before whom
the foresayd convention was made to bind me ouer to
this Present Honored Court to be Responsal for the
same, and being accordingly Now called vnto the same
by you' Honored worships; I humbly craue your fauor-
able Leaue to Declare as foUoweth, viz. That as concern-
ing the writing which I so Rashly affixed vnto the Meet-
inghouse I doe desire to abhorre my selfe for my extreme
folly in so doing and I hope the Lord hath opened my
eyes to See that in my selfe thereby that otherwise I
might too Late haue Lamented but not timously Re-
pented of: But in particular I doe acknowledg that I
did very sinfully in condemning that sentence judicially
passed by your worships and putting contempt vpon the
Coasessors which it pleased this goverment to honour
with power in a sentence with the Honored Assistants,
and likewise vsing certaine scurrulous words of the Mar-

3l6 CLASS OF 1652.

shal. in all w^** particulars I doe acknowledg & Confesse
that I did miserably abuse My selfe, & that weake Meas-
ure of Knowledg which the Lord hath beene pleased to
Bestow upon Mee, and that I did w* I ought not to
haue done in y* Respect. In which that which I very
much Lament is that I haue wronged your Honored
worships & these officers for this Commonwealths good
which are here constituted : But that which I much more
Lament is the Dishonovr that hath thereby redovnded
to God as well by the writing it selfe as by that which
most of all hath beene a continual greife namely the
abnegation of the same: For all which sinful offences
I humbly craue pardon so farre as they concerne your
Honored worships, and a Due Consideration of w* ve-
hement temptation I was vnder, which though I cannot
Relate, yet I question not but you' worships will con-
sider: Howeuer I confide vpon your worships pitty, &
continved prayers that this fall may be euerlasting gaine.
"Sighned with my hand, attested vnto w*** my heart.

"Joseph: Rowlandson.
"At the Court held at Ipswich the 25 of March 1656
"Joseph Rowlandson upon his petition the Court re-
mitted the remainder of his fine."

Commissioners, who had been appointed by the Gen-
eral Court, at the request of the people of Lancaster, to
manage their town affairs, at their meeting, 25 April,
1656, directed the town to pay Rowlandson "fifty
pounds by the year, . . . and as God shall enlarge their
estates, so shall they enlarge therein answerably," etc.

In August, 1657, he received "by deed of gift" the
house and land that had been set apart for the use of
the ministry. In September the Commissioners ordered
the Selectmen "to take care for the due encouragement
of Master Rowlandson, and for the erecting a meeting
house"; which was built soon afterward.

JOSEPH ROWLANDSON. 317

According to the records,. as cited by Willard, "Mon-
day 3, 3mo. 1658. On the certain intelligence of Master
Rowlandson's removing from us, the selectmen treated
with him to know what his mind was, and his answer
was, his apprehensions were clearer for his going than
for staying. They replied they feared his apprehensions
were not well grounded, but desired to know his resolu-
tion. He said his resolutions were according to his
apprehensions, for ought he knew. Then the selectmen,
considering it was a case of necessity for the town to
look out for other supply, told Master Rowlandson, that
now they did look upon themselves as destitute of a
minister, and should be forced to endeavor after some
other; so discharging him.

"Friday, 14, 3mo. 1658. A messenger came from
Billerica to fetch Master Rowlandson away; upon which,
the town having notice given them, came together with
intent to desire him to stay and settle amongst us: and,
after some debate, it was voted," "by the hands of all
held up," I. to invite him to settle in the ministry, and
2. "to allow him for maintenance fifty pounds a year,
one half in wheat, six pence in the bushel under the
current prices at Boston and Charlestown, and the rest
in other good current pay, in like proportions; or, oth-
erwise, fifty five pounds a year taking his pay at such
rates as the prices of corn are set every year by the
Court." A third vote, notwithstanding opposition by
Goodman Kerley, who nursed his wrath long afterward,
gave him the "house which he lived in, . . . with the
point of land westward, and some land west, and some
north, of his house, for an orchard, garden, yards, pas-
ture and the like, . . . with this proviso, that it hindered
not the burying place, the highway, convenient space to
pass to the river, and the land intended to be for the
next minister, &c.

"And upon this. Master Rowlandson accepted of the

3l8 CLASS OF 1652.

towns invitation, and gave them thanks for their grant,
and agreed to the motion, concerning his maintenance,
and promised to abide with us in the best manner the
Lord should enable him to improve his gifts in the work
of the ministry/'

He was undoubtedly ordained at the organization of
the church, which, from the fact that on the "26th Au-
gust, 1660, Roger Sumner was dismissed" from the
church in Dorchester, "that with other christians, at
Lancaster, a church might be formed there," probably
was not accomplished till about September, 1660.

Rowlandson continued in the ministry at Lancaster
till Philip's War.' August 22, 1675, ^^ Eight Persons, in
different Parts of the Town were kill'd." February 10,
1675-6, while he and two of his parishioners were "at
Boston^ soUiciting the Governor and Council for more
Soldiers for the Protection of the Place," fifteen hundred
Indians under Philip, "in five distinct Bodies & Places,"
assaulted the town, "in which there were then above fifty
Families^* and burnt *'most of the unfortified Houses."
In Rowlandson's, the only garrison house which was
destroyed, "there were Soldiers & Inhabitants to the
Number of Forty-Two*^ \ but there being "only two
flankers at two opposite corners, and one of them not
finished," and the rear but imperfectly defended, "The
Enemy," says Harrington, "having loaded a Cart with
Combustible Matter," — Mrs. Rowlandson says, "with
Flax and Hemp, which they brought out of the Barn," —
"push'd it flaming to the House; and thus," after once
extinguishing it, and a defence of more than two hours,
"being reduc'd to the sad Necessity of either perishing

» S. Sewall, in his Diary, writes He told her, that when he prayd y*

12 May, 1697, "Hanah Dustun came English way, he thought that was

to see us She saith her Master good : but now he found y« French

whom she kilFd, did formerly live way was better."
with Mr. Rowlandson at Lancaster :

JOSEPH ROWLANDSON. 3I9

in the Flames, or resigning themselves to the Salvages,"
the inmates were obliged to surrender.

Of fifty or fifty-five persons, nearly half suffered death.
Not less than seventeen of Rowlandson's family and
connections were killed or taken prisoners. His brother,
Thomas Rowlandson, was slain. His wife, wounded
through her side, together with her children and his
wife's sister, was carried off. He knew nothing of what
had occurred till he returned and saw the smouldering
ruins and dead bodies. After this sad affliction, "M'
Roulison" appears to have been engaged in efforts to
recover his captured relatives, and, according to the
Massachusetts Records of 25 February, was not "dis-
posed to accept of the motion of y* Court to goe out
w*** the forces as preacher," an offer made apparently on
the 2 1 St.

Mrs. Rowlandson was redeemed after eleven weeks
and five days of dreadful suffering, and travelling as far
probably as Charlestown, New Hampshire, during which
she had repeated interviews with Philip. Returning to
Lancaster, and lodging there one night on straw in a
farm-house that had escaped destruction, she thence
proceeded through Concord, and joined her husband in
May, at Boston, "where," she writes, "so much love I
received from several (many of whom I knew not) that I
am not capable to declare it." The Reverend ^^ Thomas
Shepard of Charlestown^ received us into his house, where
we continued eleven weeks; and a father and mother
they were unto us. And many more tender hearted
friends we met with in that place."

The family having at last got together, the son,
Joseph, coming in through Dover and Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, and the daughter, Mary, through Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, "the «ye7«M church in Boston'* hired
of ^^ James Whitcomb^ a friend near hand and far off," a

320 CLASS OF 165a,

house in Boston, into which they moved from Shepard's ,
and there they continued about nine months.

The money, twenty pounds, for the redemption of
Rowlandson's wife, **was raised by some Boston gentle-
women, and Mr. Usher"; that for Joseph, seven pounds,
was paid by Major Richard Waldron and the inhabitants
of Dover and Portsmouth; the daughter was returned
without ransom; sympathetic friends furnished the hired
house; and, in the language of Mrs. Rowlandson, **The
Lord so moved the hearts of these and those towards
us, that we wanted neither food nor raiment for our-
selves or ours."

Lancaster was not resettled during Rowlandson*s life-
time.

April 7, 1677, the town of Wethersfield, Connecticut,
having invited him to become their minister, he was in-
stalled there the same year, probably as colleague with
Gershom Bulkley, H. U. 1655, and died 23 or 24 No-
vember, 1678, two days after preaching the Fast Sermon
subsequently published. *^His death," writes Simon
Bradstreet, H. U. 1660, "was much lamented, & there
was great cause, espec. at this time w° God is calling
home his Embassadors apace, besides other tokens of
his Displeasure vpon y* Covntry."

His books, notwithstanding his loss at Lancaster, were
valued at eighty-two pounds.

Rowlandson married Mary, daughter of John White,
of Lancaster, previously of Salem, and had, i. Mary,
born 15 January, 1657-8, who died 20 January, 1660-1;

2. Joseph, born 7 March, 166 1-2, who lived in Weth-
ersfield, and died 22 January, 17 12-3, leaving a son,
Wilson, born 8 January, 1703, who died 3 July, 1735;

3. Mary, born 12 August, 1665, living when her father
died; 4. Sarah, born 15 September, 1669, who, having
been wounded "through the bowels and hand," prob-
ably by the same bullet which struck her mother while

JOSEPH ROWLANDSON. 32I

holding her in her arms, died in captivity i8 February,
1675-6.

November 27, 1678, the town of Wethersfield "Voted
that Mrs. Rowlandson shall have allowed for this present
year, Mr. Rowlandson's whole year's rate, and what was
formerly promised, — which, in all, will amount to six
score pounds ; and from henceforth the Town shall allow
the said Mrs. Rowlandson thirty pounds a year so long
as she shall remain a widow amongst us." March 18,
1678-9, it was voted to pay her three pounds in the
next year's rate, in consideration of her defraying the
charges of her husband's funeral.

WORKS.

The I Possibility of Gods For- | saking a people, | That have
been visibly near & dear to him | Together, | With the Misery of
a People thus forsaken, | Set forth in a | Sermon, | Preached at
Weathersfield, Nov. 21. 1678. | Being a Day of Fast and Hu- |
miliation. || Boston. 1682. i6mo. Preface pp. (3) signed B. VV. ;
and Text 22. P.

The same. Reprinted in Somers Tracts, ed. 181 2, viii. 582.

Authorities. — C Bartol, Ser- America, i. 378. Mass. Bay Rec-

mon at Ordination of G. M. Bartol, ords, iv. (i.) i4o ; v. 75. C. Mather,

with extracts from Harrington's Cen- Mag^alia, vii. 50. New England

tury Sermon, 45. J. Belknap, Inter- Hist and Genealog. Reg., vii. 344;

leaved Triennial Catalogue. A. B. viii. 331 ; ix. 49. S. Niles, Wars in

Chapin, Glastenbury, 47. S. G. New England, in Collections of the

Drake, Book of the Indians, 229, 239, Massachusetts Historical Society,

266. Essex County Court Records, xxxv. 382-386. T. Noyes,in Amer-

J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, ican Quarterly Register, x. 50, 59.

248 ; and American Quarterly Regis- J. G. Palfrey, History of New Eng-

ter, ix. 112; Farmer and Moore's land, iii. 183. M. Rowlandson,

Historical Collections, iii. 108. J. B. Narrative of Captivity and Removes,

Felt, History of Ipswich, 74; and 6th ed., 1828, with Preface and Ap-

Ecclesiastical History of New Eng- pendix. J. Savage, Genealogical

land, ii. 153, 584, 682. N. Goodwin, Diet., iii. 581. W. P. Upham, Man-

Foote Family, xxxix, xl, xlii. D. uscript Letter, 1871, Nov. 15. J.

Gookin, in Archasolog. Amer., ii. 490, Willard, Hist, of Lancaster, in Wor-

507. T. Harrington, Century Ser- cester Magazine, ii. 278, 280, 284, 291,

mon, 14. A. Holmes, Annals of 313; and Centennial Address, 77, 93.

2 1 [Printed 187*, Jiaauy to.J

CLASS OF 1653.— August 9-

Samuel Willis, Richard Hubbard,

John Angier, John Whiting,

Thomas Shepard, Samuel Hooker,

Samuel Nowell, John Stone,

William Tompson: —
who took the degree of Bachelor of Arts 9 August,
1653, and were permitted to take the degree of Master
of Arts in 1655, two years afterward; the other portion
of the class, who received their first degree on the fol-
lowing day, 10 August, 1653, and whose names are given
on a subsequent page, being required by a law, still in
force, to wait for their second degree three years, or till
1656.

The two printed programmes are for the years when
the members of the two portions of the class took their
second degree.

"QU.ESTIONES IN PHILOSOPHIA

DISCUTIENDyE SUB CAROLO CHAUNCyEO

PRiESIDE, COL: HARVARD: CANTAB:

N-ANGL: IN COMITIIS PER

INCEPTORES IN ARTIB:

DECIMOQUARTO DIE

SEXTILIS 1655.

Aa-.

^alibet naturafit patibilis ?

Affirm: Thomas Shepard.

'II. X\J^ Prima materia babuerit formam ?

Neg: Samuel Nowel.

€€

SAMUEL WILLIS. 323

III. JL\N Anima rationalisfit forma hominis ?

Affirm: Richardus Hubberd.

nil. i\n Totum et partes ejfentialiter differant?

Affirm: Johannes VVhitting.

" V. ±3lN Omne ens perfeSum pqffit perfeSie definiri?

Affirm: Samuel Hooker.

" Quibus accedit Oratio I JEmegorica. Johannis Angeir."

SAMUEL WILLIS.

Bom 1632, died 1709, aged 78.

Samuel Willis/ B. A., of Hartford, Connecticut, born
in England, probably at Fenny Compton, in Warwick-
shire, in 1632, came to Hartford as early as 1638, with
his father, George Willis, who was Magistrate in 1639,
Deputy-Governor in 1641, Governor in 1642, and died
9 March, 1644-5.

The last college charges against the graduate are
dated "9-7 -53«" The greater part of his payments
were made in wheat, he being credited thrice with twenty
bushels, once with thirty, at other times with eighteen
and thirteen bushels, and sometimes charged for its trans-
portation from Boston.

He settled at Hartford. At the age of twenty-two,

* Written Willis uniformly by the Willes on the Steward's Account-
graduate, Willowes by Mitchel of Books, and Willys for several gener-
Cambridge in his list of church-mem- ations on the family monuments at
bers, Wyllys by the descendants, Fenny Compton.

3^4 CLASS OF 1653.

before he had been out of college a year, he was chosen
Magistrate, and continued in this office till 1685.

June 15, 1659, ^^ ^^^ requested by the General
Court of Connecticut "to goe downe to Sea Brook, to
assist y* Maior [Mason] in examininge the suspitions
about witchery, and to act therin as may be requisite."

In 1661, 166:2, 1664, and 1667, he was one of the
Connecticut Commissioners of the United Colonies of
Massachusetts, New Plymouth, Connecticut, and New
Haven, and in 1670, after the dissolution of the Con-
federation by the absorption of New Haven into Con-
necticut, he was Commissioner in an attempt to renew
the Confederacy between the three existing governments.

In the absence of the Governor and Deputy-Governor,
he was repeatedly appointed Moderator of the General
Court.

In 1676 he was authorized "to make a tryall [of]
what may be done for the accomplishment of an hon-
ourable and safe peace between the English and Indians,
with the assistance of Major John Winthrop and Mr.
Tho: Stanton."

He was extensively engaged in trade, and often absent
from the Colony. In 1668 he was "gone to Boston, for
England." Having an interest in several sugar planta-
tions in Antigua, he frequently went to the West Indies.
In a bond dated at "Falmouth in Antego," 21 April,
168 1, he acknowledges his indebtedness to Richard Lord,
of Hartford, — who had been in partnership with him,
— in balance of account, "84,878 pounds of good Mus-
covado sugar," to be paid by instalments at Willoughby
Bay, or Falmouth. His speculations proved unprofit-
able, and, as he had borrowed considerable money, he
was deeply involved in debt. This led to his with-
drawal from the magistracy, or rather prevented his elec-
tion, in 1685. He appears, however, to have ultimately

JOHN ANGIER. 325

settled with all his creditors, and retained a competence.
He was again Assistant, from the Revolution in May,
1689, to 1693, also in 1698; being, from the beginning,
thirty-six years in all. He died 30 May, 1709.

He married Ruth, daughter of John Haynes, Gov-
ernor of Connecticut. Their daughter Mary, born
1656, became, about 1684, second wife of the Reverend
Joseph Eliot, of Guilford, Connecticut, H. U. 1658; Me-
hitabel, often called Mabel, born about 1658, married,
first, about 1676, Daniel Russell, H. U. 1669, second,
about 1680, the Reverend Isaac Foster, H. U. 1671,
and lastly, the Reverend Timothy Woodbridge, H. U,
1675, as his first wife. Another daughter, Ruth, be-
came, 2 June, 1692, second wife of the Reverend Edward
Taylor, of Westfield, H. U. 1671.

Authorities. — Connecticut Co- W. Newell's Church Gathering, 58.

lonial Records, ed. J. H. Trumbull, New England Histor. and Genealog.

i, - iii. J. Fanner, Genealog. Reg- Reg., xiii. 147. Plymouth Colony

ister, 332. Harvard College Stew- Records, x. D. Ricketson, History

ard's Account-Books, i. 15, 16. R. of New Bedford, 188. J. Savage,

R. Hinman, Early Settlers of Con- Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 574,

necticut, 108. Massachusetts His- 577. B. F. Thompson, History of

torical Society, Collections, xxx. 74, Long Island, i. 114, 125. J. H.

75, 84, 85, 89. Massachusetts Bay Trumbull, Letter, 1861, March 4.
Records, iv. (ii.)476. J. Mitchel, in

JOHN ANGIER.

Died before 170a

John Angier, M. A., does not appear to have left
any materials for a biographical notice except what may
be gleaned from the Commencement "Quaestiones" when
he took his second degree, and from the Steward's Ac-
count-Books.

^26 CLASS OF 1653-

Among the items to his credit on the Steward's books
are "18 yeards of Sackin," "Veall," "Suger," "appells,"
paid **to the Psident in Siluer towards his Commenc-
ment," — the earliest recorded payment being two pounds
by "Edmond Angeir," and the last, "57 56," "by m'
Angeir by his Cossen John Angeir £2 16."

The first charges against him are in the quarter ending
"13 I 50-51," for "Commones and Sizinges," "Tui-
tion," "Lent to the buildinge of the gallery," and "De-
soluinge m' Danforthes study." Bed-making is men-
tioned but once, "13 4 51," and the only charge,
"12 7 51," is a small one for commons and sizings.
The next items are, "97 53," "Commencment Charges,"
when he took the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with
"discontinuances* for 4 quarters desember 53 march
June Septem all 54 and fyer and Candell"; there being
other discontinuances "8 10 54," "91 55," "84 55,*'
and "77 55," the last date being the termination of
the quarter, when there are "Commencment Chardges"
on taking the degree of Master of Arts.

From these accounts it appears that Angier either paid
for "discontinuance" each quarter after graduating as a
prerequisite to obtaining his second degree, or that his
connection with the College continued through the en-
tire period, and that he was absent a great part of the
time. If this absence was in consequence of ill health,
he may have died early. That his death occurred before
the close of the century appears from Mather's Magnalia
and the Catalogue of Harvard Graduates issued in 1700;
but it must not be confounded with that of a child of
the same name, who, according to the town records of

' The meaning of " discontinu- ment required during non-attend-
ance," which was commonly five ance,^ in modern times a portion
shillings a quarter, is not precisely of the college expenses is incurred
defined ; but it seems to be the pay- by all who are temporarily absent

THOMAS SHEPARD. 327

Cambridge, was son of Edmund and Ruth Angier, and
died 25 January, 1657-8, about nineteen months old.

Authorities. — E. D. Harris, ard's Account-Books, i. 63, 64, 296.
Manuscripts. Harvard ColL Stew- J. Savage, Genealog. Diet., i. 158.

THOMAS SHEPARD.

Bom 1635, died 1677, aged 42.

Rev. Thomas Shepard, M. A., of Charlestown, Mas-
sachusetts, was born 5 April, 1635, in a "very private
house" in London, England, none but particular friends
having knowledge of his birth; his baptism also being
delayed^ lest it might lead to discovery. He was the
second son of the Reverend Thomas Shepard, who, hav-
ing suffered persecution under Laud, and being in fur-
ther peril for his religious opinions, embarked with his
wife and "little son Thomas and other precious freinds"
for New England, on board the Defence, 10 August,
1635, a previous attempt to make the voyage having
failed. "After many sad stormes and wearisom dayes &
many longings to see the shore,** they arrived at Boston
3 October. The father was immediately invited to Cam-
bridge, where he settled, the first permanent church there
being organized early in the following February. A fort-
night after the organization, his wife, Margaret Toute-
uille, "a most sweet humble woman full of Christ, . . .
euery way amiable & holy & endued with a spirit of
Prayer,** "being first received into church fellowship,
which . . . she much longed for,'* died of consumption;
the son, who during the voyage was "so feeble and fro-
ward both in the day and night, that hereby shee lost

328 CLASS OF 1653.

her strength and at last her life," having been baptized
"on the 7 of February or there about," — probably on
the seventh, that being Sunday. The father died 25 Au-
gust, 1649.

November 27, 1654, the son was chosen Fellow of
the College.

October 31, 1658, he was admitted, by dismission from
the church in Cambridge, to the church in Charlestown,
where, "a very hopeful and choice young man, inherit-
ing a double portion of his father's spirit," says Hull,
he was ordained 13 April, 1659, as teacher and col-
league with the Reverend Zechariah Symmes, who died
4 February, 1 670-1.

At the session of the General Court, 19 October, 1664,
he was appointed one of the censors of the press.

During his ministry the New England mind was
active in examining religious doctrines and usages, and
in working out the problem "how to unite toleration
with a vigorous defence^ of the truth."

In 1672 Shepard preached the Massachusetts Annual
Election Sermon, which, with Stoughton's in 1668,
Oakes's in 1673, ^^^ Torrey's in 1674, probably ex-
hibits the prevalent clerical views of the day. All of
them have a bearing on religious toleration. Shepard
alludes to the "Heresie of the FamilistSy^ and to the
^^ GortonistSy . . . those Hornets, also"; and says, "To
tolerate all things, and to tolerate nothing, (it's an old
and true Maxime) both are intolerable: but 'tis Satan's
policy, to plead for an indefinite and boundless tolera-
tion." "Let the Magistrates Coercive Power in matters
of Religion ... be still asserted, seing he is one who is
bound to God, more then any other men, to cherish
his true Religion."

The discussion in the Charlestown church at this
period related particularly to the subjects of baptism.

THOMAS SHEPARD. 329

After about fifteen years* controversy, and persecution of
Thomas Gould and others, the General Court, 7 March,
1667-8, appointed a meeting ft)r "a ftill and free de-
bate." This was held in Boston, 14 April, 1668, the
Governor and Assistants, with "a great concourse of
people" being in attendance. The conservative party
was represented by John Allin of Dedham, Thomas
Cobbett of Ipswich, John Higginson of Salem, Sam-
uel Danforth of Roxbury, Jonathan Mitchel of Cam-
bridge, and Shepard; and the Baptist by Gould, Russell,
Turner, Johnson, Bowers, Trumble, Drinker, and Far-
num, with Hiscox, Tory, and Hubbard, from Newport,
Rhode Island. An account of the result being presented
to the General Court 27 May, "the obstinate & turbu-
lent Annabaptists," who had "combined themselues w*
others in a pretended church estate, . . . did in open Court
assert their former practise to haue been according to
the mind of God, and that nothing that they had
heard convinced them to the contrary, w^** practice . . .
they professe themselues still resolued to adhere vnto."
They were accordingly ordered to "remooue themselues
out of this jurisdiction" before the twentieth of July
or be committed to prison; and if they did not "rc-
freine their ofFenciue practises during the tjme," to be
"imprisoned till the tenth of July," and allowed only
the next "tenn dayes to depart." Preferring imprison-
ment to exile, they were confined more than a year,
appeals in their behalf during the time coming in from
different places, one even from England. Gould being
then released, the society held meetings at Noddle's
Island, and, notwithstanding further persecution, grew
and became what is now known as the First Baptist
Society in Boston.

These transactions, originating in the Charlestown
church, and encouraged by Symmes and Shepard, afford

330 CLASS OF 1653.

a practical commentary on the views of toleration advo-
cated by Shepard in his Election Sermon and by his
contemporaries.

In discussing this topic Shepard appropriately intro-
duces the subject of education, and says: "O that inferi-
our Schools were every where so setled and encouraged,
as that the Colledge (which the Lord hath made to be a
Spring of Blessing to the Land) might not now languish
for want of a sufficient supply of young ones from thence!
There is a great decay in Inferiour Schools^ it were well
if that also were examined, and the Cause thereof re-
moved, and Foundations laid for Free-SchoolSy where poor
Scholars might be there educated by some Publick Stock."

"L^/ the Schools flourish: This is one means whereby
we have been, and may be still preserved from a wilde
Wilderness-state, through Gods blessing upon the same,
and from becoming a land of darkness^ and of the shadow
of death. Cherish them therefore, and the Colledge in
special: and accordingly that there may be a seasonable
(while affections are warm) and a faithful improvement
of the Contribution for the New Edifice^ there, and what
else is needful for the encouragement and advancement
o{ Learning in that precious Society; the fall and sink-
ing whereof (which the Lord forbid) I should look at
as presaging the Ruine of this Land also: Let it never

■ "In the year 1672," writes Hub- finished that the public acts of the

bard, "Harvard College being de- Commencement were there per-

cayed, a liberal contribution was formed." The new edifice, bearing

granted for rebuilding the same, the name of the first, was burned

which' was so far promoted from in January, 1764, after which the

that time [by collections taken in third Harvard Hall, still standing,

the towns in New England & by was erected on the same spot
individuals there and in Old £ng- It was from these contributions

land], that, in the year 1677, a fair that President Hoar, as mentioned

and stately edifice of brick was on page 234, was authorized to make

erected anew, not far from the place appropriations for repairs and im-

where the former stood, and so far provements of the President's house.

THOMAS SHEPARD. 33 I

want a benigne Aspect for the flourishing of that dear
Nursery \ lest otherwise there come to be either no Min-
istry, or an Illiterate, & (and in that respect, in former
times accounted) a Scandalous & insufficient Ministry
neither burningy nor shining Lights*^

In the troubles during the Presidency of Hoar, Shep-
ard was one of the officers who, 15 September, 1673,
"resigned up their fellowships"; and neither he nor
his intimate friend, Urian Oakes, H. U. 1649, though
re-elected, could be prevailed on to resume their seats
in the Corporation until 15 March, 1674-5, the day
on which Hoar resigned. Shepard's spirit in relation
to Hoar's administration appears in the citation from
Increase Mather, printed on page 241. The conjecture
is not unreasonable, that Oakes, Shepard, and Shepard*s
"cousin," Thomas Graves, H. U. 1656, were among the
"very Good Men** spoken of by Cptton Mather, who "in
a Day of Temptation . . . did unhappily countenance the
Ungoverned Youths^ in their Ungovernableness."

In 1677-8, "the Small-Fox growing as Epidemically
Mortal," says Cotton Mather, "as a Great Flague^*
ninety-one persons dying of it in Charlestown alone,
Shepard "went with His Life in His Hand** to "One of
his Flock, who lying sick of this Distemper, desired a
Visit from him," took the disease, and died 22 Decem-
ber, 1677.

"His death was mvch lamented," writes Simon Brad-
street, H. U. 1660, "and great reason there was for it.
He has left few in y* Colony or any other y* did exceed
him in respect of his Piety, meeknesse (eminent charity)
Learning and ministeriall gifts. As he was much hon**
and beloved by all y* knew him, so very dearly by his
own flock."

Cotton Mather says: "The whole Country was fill'd
with Lamentations. . . . But there was none who found

22"^ CLASS OF 1653.

a deeper Wound at this Decease, than . . . Urian Oakes ;
who was his Particular Friend. . . . He besides other ways
of expressing his Value for this his Departed Jonathan^
took the Opportunity of the next Commencement^ with no
small part of his Elegant Orationy ... to embalm his
Memory"; the same, in the original Latin, being after-
ward printed in Mather's Magnalia, iv. 190. Oakes also
composed an "Elegie" on his death.

The following Epitaph is from Mather's Magnalia: —

"D. O. M. S.

Repositce sunt hie Reliquias Thomae Shepardi,

Viri Sanctissimiy

Eruditione^ Virtute, Omnigend, Moribusq\ suavissiimis

Omatissimi)

Theologi Consultissimi^

Concionatoris Eximii:

Qui Filius fuit Thomae Shepardi Clarissimus^

Memoratissimi Pastoris olim Ecclesice Cantabrigiensis \

Et in Ecclesia Carolietisi Presbyter docens \

Fide cu: Vit^ Verus Episcopus:

Optimi de Re Literarid Meritus :

Qud Curator Collegii Harvardini vigilantissimus \

Qud Municipii Academici Socius Primarius,

Ta rou Itfaov XpitTTOV, ov ra eavrov ZtfTtov.

In D. yesu placid^ obdormivit, Anno 1677. Dec. 22.

iEtatis suae 43.

Totius Novanglice Lachrymis Defletus ;

Usq\ & Usq\ Defletidus:*

"Let Fame no longer boast her Antique Things^
Huge Pyramids and Monuments of Kings :
This Cabinet that locks up a rare Gem,
Without Presumption may compare with them.
The Sacred Reliques of that Matchless One
Great Shepard, are Enshrin'd below this Stone.
Here lies Entomb* d an Heavenly Orator,
To the Great King of Kings Embassador :

THOMAS SHEPARD. ;i^;}

Mirror of Virtues, Magazine of Arts,

Crown to our Heads and Loadstone of our Hearts :

Harvard'^ Great Son, and Father too beside^

Charlestown'j yust Glory & New England'^ Pride:

The Church'j yewel, Colledge'j- Overseer^

The Clergy'j' Diadem without a Peer:

The Poor Man'^ ready Friend^ the Blind Manj Eyes^

Tlie wandring wildred SouFs Conductor Wise:

The Widow'j Solace^ attd the Orphan^ Father,

The Sick Man'j Visitant, or Cordial rather:

The General Benefactor, and yet Rare

Engrosser of all Good', the Man of Prayer:

The Constant Friend, and the most Cheerful G^iver,

Most Orthodox Divine and Pious Liver:

An Oracle in any Doubtful Case,

A Master-piece of Nature, Art and Grace.

In this Bed lye repos'd his weary Limbs ;

His SouFi" Good Company for Seraphims.

If Men be Dumb in Praising of his Worth,

This Stone shall cry. For Shame ! and set it forth.

Si Sheparde Tuo, nisi quce sint Digna Sepulchro,
Carmina nulla forent, Carmina nulla forent'*

Shepard's estate, including a farm at Braintree at fifteen
hundred pounds and his library at one hundred pounds,
was valued at £2,386 4s. He bequeathed his books
and manuscripts to his son, Thomas Shepard; and five
pounds each to his brother, Jeremiah Shepard, H. U.
1669; to his cousin, Thomas Graves; to his church,
"my dear Lord's precious flock," to be expended for
pieces of plate; to Elijah Corlet of Cambridge, his old
schoolmaster; and to his "honored guardian Capt. Dan-
iel Gookin, whom he chose at his father's death when
a lad of fourteen."

In "An Inventory of y* Colledgc Utensills belonging
to y^ Butterie October 26. 1683," is "a Goblet given by
the reverend M' Thomas Shepard Sen! of Charlestown."

334 CLASS OF 1653.

On or before 3 November, 1656, Shepard married
Anna or Hannah, daughter of William Tyng, and had,
besides other children, Thomas, H. U. 1676, his suc-
cessor in the ministry, and Anna, born 13 September,
1663, who was married 9 November, 1682, to Daniel
Quincy, and again 7 January, 1700— i, to the Reverend
Moses Fiske, H. U. 1662, as his second wife.

WORKS.

1. With Jonathan Mitchel, H. U. 1647, he prepared for pub-
lication The Parable of the Ten Virgins Opened and Applied, by
his &ther, Thomas Shepard. fol. London. 1660.

2. Letter to John Winthrop, Jr., dated 8 March, 1668-9^
"about the Conjunction of the Moone and Venus." Printed in
the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xxx. 70.

the Land which | the Lord our God hath given us. | | By

Thomas Shepard, Teacher of the Church of Christ in | Charls-
town ; I Who was appointed by the Magistrates, to Preach on the
day of I Election | at Boston, May 15. 1672. || Cambridge Printed
by Samuel Green. 1673. 4to. P. (i) Commendation of the
Sermon with Imprimatur signed by John Sherman and Urian Oakes;
pp. (2) Address to the Christian Reader by Thomas Thacher;
and Text pp. 52. if, -A/, P.

4. Instructions to his son while a member of college, written
about 1672. Printed in Cotton Mather's Magnalia, iv. 202, and
in the American Quarterly Register, ix. 116.

These Instructions are noticeable for their similarity to Hoar's
Letter to Flint, cited on pages 229 - 232.

Authorities. — J. Adams, Works, S. G. Drake, Result of Researches, 36.

ii. 297. I. Backus, Hist of N. E. J. Farmer, Genealog. Register, 263 ;

Baptists, i. 375. W. I. Budington, and American Quarterly Register, ix.

Hist of First durch, Chariestown. 115. R. Frothingham, History of

SAMUEL NOWELL.

33 S

Charlestown, i6i - 173, 186 - 191.
Harvard College Corporation Rec-
ords, i. 59; iii. 39, 56; and Manu-
script Papers, i. 10^ 58; Steward's
Account- Books, i. 65. W. Hub-
bard, History of New England, in
Collections of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, xvi. 610. J.
Hull, Diary, in the Archaeologia
Americana, iii. 187, 230. Massachu-
setts Bay Records, iv. (ii.) 141, 373-
376. Massachusetts Historical So-

ciety, Collections, xvL 610; xxx. 70;
xxxi. 21. C. Mather, Magnalia, iv.
, 129, 189, 201 ; and Temple Opening,
3a New England Histor. and Gene-
alogical Reg., iii. 125; viii. 330; ix.
48; xxiii. 382. U. Oakes, Elegie.
J. Quincy, Hist of Harv. University,
i- 34» 35. J. Savage, Genealog. Diet.,
ii. 166; iiL 500; iv. 76,360. S. Se-
wall, in American Quarterly Register,
xi. 46, 50; xii. 244. T. Shepard,
Manuscript Autobiography.

SAMUEL NOWELL.

Bom 1634, died 1688, aged 53.

Samuel Nowell, M. A., born at Charlestown, Massa-
chusetts, 12 November, 1634, was son of Increase Now-
ell,* whose wife, Parnell, was daughter of Gray and

* Increase Nowell came to New
England in 1630, probably in the
Arbella with Winthrop, and was the
most distinguished of the settlers
who remained in Charlestown after
the dispersion of Winthrop's com-
pany. Frothingham says: "To
write in full his biography would be,
in fact, to write a large part of the
civil and ecclesiastical history of his
time, for his name appears in con-
nection with much of it" For a
short period he was Town Gerk of
Charlestown, of which he was also
Selectman nineteen years. He was
Assistant from the time of his elec-
tion in England till his death, be-
sides being Secretary of the Colony
many years, and one of the Com-
missioners for military affairs in

1634. "He devoted his life to the
public service, and died poor," i No-
vember, 1655. At the session of the
General Court held on the thirteenth
of the same month, " Itt is desired,
that the depu** of each toune comend
the condicon of M' No wells family
to theire seuerall tounes, ... by way
of rate or otherwise, bringing theire
retournes to the next Court of Elec-
tion."

October 14, 1656, "The Court,
being sencible of the lowe condicon
of the late honnored M' Nowells
family, & remembring his long ser-
vice to this comonwealth, in the
place not only of a magistrate, but
secretary also, for w^ he had but
litle and slender recompenc, & the
countrjes debts being such as out of

33^

CLASS OF 1653.

his wife Catharine Myles, subsequently wife and widow
of Rowland Coytemore.

I do not find on the Steward's Account-Books any
charges against the graduate later than 10-10-53, when
there is an item of i8s. 3 id. for "sizinges fyer and Can-
dell and discontinuance."

His payments were made in "wheatte," "barly malt,"
"appelles," "suger," "wood," "wheatt from Charls-
towne myll," "siluer," and £3 15s. "payd by the Psi-
dent for his schollership " 10-10-52, and again 9-10-53;
£3 15s. being also paid 8-4-55 "^X ^' Dunster," after
he had left the Presidency.

February 28, 1655, No well was chosen Fellow or
Tutor.

the country rate they cannot com-
fortably make such an honnorable
recompenc to his family as other-
wise they would, judge meete there-
fore, do give & graunt to M" Nowell
and hir sonne Samuell two thowsand
acres of land, to be lajd out by M'
Thomas Danforth and Robert Hale,
in any part of the countrje not yett
graunted to others, in two or three
farmes, that may not hinder any
plantacon to be errected."

Danforth and Hale made their
report 6 May, 1657, of having laid
out to Parnell Nowell "one thousand
acres of land, lying beyond Douer
bounds on the northwest, & lyeth
vpon the Cochecho Riuer, on both
sides thereof, begining on the north
east side of a brooke that runneth
into the sajd riuer on the north west
side of Scohomogomocks Hill, lately
planted by Indians, and lying two
miles in length, vp streame, vpon
the sajd riuer, and half a mile in
breadth ; also, on the southwest side
of the sajd riuer, begining at a pine

tree, marked, standing anent the
aforesajd Scohomogomocke Hill, and
from thence running southwest three
quarters of a mile, and in length, vp
streame, one mile and a halfe, and
at the vpper end of the sajd lyne ly-
ing in breadth from the riuer halfe a
mile, being parralell to the lower lyne.

"Also, lajd out vnto M' Samuell
Nowell one thousand acres, lying on
y* south and east side of the afore-
sajd Scohomogomocke Hill, and is
bounded with the wilderness land
annent the great pine swamp on the
north east side thereof, and so con-
tinewed betweene that and Choche-
cho Riuer towards Douer bounds,
the which south east Ijne wee could
not cleerly determine, becawse Douer
bounds is as yett vnlajd out."

The bounds were settled 3 April,
1679.

In 1658 the inhabitants of Charles-
town also voted that Nowell's widow
"should be freed from paying town
rates hence forwards." She died
25 March, 1687.

SAMUEL NOWELL. 337

He studied divinity and preached, but never was
settled in the ministry.

In Philip's War he served as "a Chaplain to the
Army/* at the great Narraganset Swamp-Fight in South
Kingston, Rhode Island, 19 December, 1675. "I wish,"
writes Cotton Mather, "I could particularly give an
Immortal Memory to all the Brave Men that signalized
themselves in this Action. But among them all, O
quam te memorem^ Thou Excellent SAMUEL NOWEL^
never to be forgotten ! ... At this Fight there was no
Person . . . that with more Courage and Hazardy fought
in the midst of a Shower of Bullets from the surround-
ing Salvages, But,

Longa referre mora est, qua consilioq\ fnanuq\
Utiliter fecit Spaciosi Tempore Belli'*

February 25, 1675-6, "Mr. Roulison [H. U. 1652]
not being disposed to accept of y* motion of y* Court
to goe out w*** the forces as preacher, it is ordered, that
M' Samuel Nowell be intreated to goe vpon that service,
& that he be furnished w*^ such conveniencjes as he
shall stand in need of for his incouragem^"

Gookin says he "was the principal minister of the
army, a pious and prudent person." March 26 he wrote
a letter, "giving a particular account of the motions of
the army, from the time they went forth until that day."
Of six Praying Indians who accompanied them he says:
"They have behaved themselves like sober, honest men,
since their abode with us, which hath made me look after
them more carefully. At their first coming to Hadley,
the man with whom they quartered allowed them pork
and peas enough, but not bread ; he perceiving they had
some money, made them buy their bread. When they
had laid out about 4J. 6^., one of them told me of it;
upon which I spake to the gentlemen, who ordered the

22 [Printed 187a, January »•]

338 CLASS OF 1653.

constable to allow them bread, and I did give them 4s.
6d. out of my own purse, to reimburse what they had
expended."

"April 9th, which was about the time of the army's
return home as far as Marlborough," says Gookin, he
wrote: "Our pilots (/. e. the Indians) were labored with
to represent the way to watch [Watchuset?] (where the
body of the enemy quartered) very difficult, before they
came to speak before the Council; and had ill words
given them, that so they might be afraid to speak any-
thing that should afford encouragement. The poor
Indians, our pilots, as soon as they arrived at Marl-
borough, were much abused by the townsmen, insomuch
that they were unwilling to go into any house."

From the date of these letters it seems probable that
Nowell joined the expedition immediately after he was
invited, and that he returned in April.

May 23, 1677, he was made freeman.

Not long after the death of his classmate Shepard he
was proposed for consideration as his successor in the
ministry at Charles town.

In May, 1680, he was chosen Assistant of the Colony,
and annually afterward till the dissolution of the Charter
in 1686, receiving in the latter year more votes than
any other candidate.

In August, 1680, he accompanied the Deputy-Gov-
ernor and others "with 60 soldiers, in a ship and sloop,
to still the people at Casco-bay, and prevent governor
Andros's usurpation."

January 11, 1680-1, he was "allowed thirty pounds,
money, ... in recompence for his service donne to the
country in the late Narroganset warrs, and in England,
and this last summer in the Prouince of Mayne, as
also for money disbursed at Connecticot, &c."

On the following day, 12 January, he and William

SAMUEL NOWELL. 339

Stoughton, H. U. 1650, were chosen agents to go to
England, in obedience to the King's letter of 24 July,
1679; "but both of them peremptorily refused to en-
gage in the affair."

In February, 168 1-2, Edmund Randolph included
him in the faction of the General Court against whom
he "exhibited to the Lords of the Council articles of
high misdemeanor"; and in a letter, 14 June, 1682, to
the Earl of Clarendon, on the ^0 warranto against the
Charter, and the sending for Nowell, among others, to
answer to the charges, he calls him "a late factious
preacher and now a magistrate."

In 1682 Nowell delivered the Artillery Election Ser-
mon, in which he is accused by Randolph of preaching
up rebellion.

In 1682 and 1683 he was chosen Commissioner of the
United Colonies in reserve, and in 1684, 1685, and 1686,
Commissioner.

May 17, 1684, the General Court granted him and
Thomas Danforth, "for their great paynes & good ser-
vice donn by order of this Court in the expedition &
seuerall journeys to Casco, for which no recompense hath
binn made them, an island called Chebiscodego, in Casco
Bay, in the Province of Meyne, provided they take the
sajd island in full sattisfaction for all service donn, re-
ferring to the setlement of the Prouince of Meyne to
this day."

October 21, 1685, and May 11, 1686, he was chosen
Treasurer of the Colony, and 16 February, 1685-6, "the
navall officer."

At the abdication of the charter government, 20 May,
1686, the General Court "raised a committee of three
persons, with the universally venerated Samuel Nowell
at its head, to receive from the Secretary, and keep in
their own hands, ^such papers on file with the Secretary

340 CLASS OF 1653.

as referred to their charter and negotiations from time
to time for security thereof, with such as referred to
their title of their land by purchase of Indians or oth-
erwise/ "

In January, 1682-3, the Corporation of the College
appointed "the worshipfull Samuel Nowell" to be
"Treasurer of the Colledge, pro temporcy^ "still reserv-
ing Liberty for the worshipfull Capt** [John] Richards
to reassume the place at his return" from England. The
instructions for his management of the finances, dated
29 March, 1683, are printed, from the original in In-
crease Mather's handwriting, in the Collections of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, xxxviii. 694.

According to Quincy, the personal estate of the Insti-
tution in March, 1683, amounted to "£2,357, and in
addition ^in lands, houses, and annuities,' producing an
annual income of £242, including £50, the yearly rent"
of Charlestown ferry. From various causes the College
lost and sunk £1,100 during his administration, and he
also lost his own property. Richards resumed the care
of the college stock 22 October, 1686.

December 7, 1687, Nowell sailed for England, where
he joined Increase Mather in a remonstrance against the
encroachments on New England rights.

He died in London between 30 August and 29 Sep-
tember, 1688. The invitation to Increase Mather to
attend the funeral is in these words: "Reuerend S*, —
You are desired to accompany the Corps of Mf Samuell
Nowell, minister of the Gospell, of Eminent Note in
New England, deceased, from M! Quicks meating place
in Barthlomew Close, on Thursday next, at Two of
the Clock in the afternoon p'cisely, to the new burying
place by the Artillery ground."

Nowell had no children. His wife, Mary, was daugh-
ter of William Alford. After the decease of Peter Butler,

SAMUEL NOWELL. 34I

her first husband, she became the third wife of Hezekiah
Usher, who dying May, 1676, she married Nowell, died
at Charlestown 14 August, 1693, and was laid in Usher's
tomb.

WORKS.

1. Manuscript Notes of a sermon preached by him '^ 25.10,
1670." H.

2. Manuscript Notes of several sermons by him, among the
Mather Papers. TV.

an Artillery-Election-Sermon, June, 3. 1678. | | By S. N. |

I Boston; I Printed by John Foster, 1678. || 4to. pp. (i)

To the Reader; and Text 19. M^ P,

The Preface is as follows : —

"^^ Friendly Reader^

A Desire to gratifie my Friends^ hath made^ against my own Judg-
ment^ to consent to the Publication of these Notes^ taken by one of
the Auditors ; to which I am not able to make that addition^ by reason
of my inability to write^ through infirmity in my right hand^ which God
hath been pleased to exercise me with^ almost wholly taking away the
use of my hand'. What is therefore made publick is not mine own Notes^
but agreeing in the substance with what was delivered'. This Argu-
ment also prevailed with me to let this come forth ^ I thought others more
abUy seeing this imperfect work to find acceptance with some^ might
thereby be provoked to Preach and Print something that might be more
effectual to revive our Military Discipline^ and the spirit of Souldiery^
which seems to be in its fVane^ in an Age when never more need of it,
" The Love I have for this Country^ where I drew my first Breathy
hath made me Run the Gauntlet by exposing this to the world^ hoping
that they that fault it^ will endeavour to mend it by some mean or other ^
and to pray for the Author^ who is a Friend to all of such a spirit^

"Samuel Nowell."

Authorities. — W. I. Budington, R. Frothingbam, History of Charles-
First Church, Charlestown, 190. J. town, 86, 134, 135. . D. Gookin, in
Farmer, Genealogical Register, 208. Archseologia Americana, ii. 505, 506.

34^ CLASS OF 1653.

Harvard College Steward's Account- 254, 281, 294; iv. (ii.) in; v. 234,

Books, i. 67 ; and Corporation Man- etc. C. Mather, Magnalia, vii. 50.

uscript Records, i. 40, 58 ; iii. 77, 81 ; New England Histor. and Genealog.

iv., V. ; Manuscript Papers, i. 10^ 58. Register, iv. 269 ; xxiii. 41a J. G.

T. Hutchinson, History of Massachu- Palfrey, History of New England, iiL

setts Bay, i. 329, 333, 336, 367 ; and 342, 484, 487, 602. J. Quincy, His-

CoUection of Papers, 535. S. Judd, tory of Harvard University, ii. 232.

History of Hadley, 166. Massachu- J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

setts Histor. Society, Collections, xii. i. 26, 321, 467; iii. 295; iv. 363.

177; xxi. 256; xxvi. 182; xxxviii. S. Sewall, in Budington's History of

526, 694, 704 ; and Proceedings, No- the First Church, Charlestown, 191.

vember, 1862, 348. Massachusetts W. H. Whitmore, Massachusetts

Bay Records, iii. 418, 434 ; iv. (i.) Civil List, 26, 29, 34.

RICHARD HUBBARD.

Born about 1631, died 1681, aged about 50.

Richard Hubbard, M. A., of Ipswich, Massachusetts,
was born in England. Embarking in the Defence, in
July, 1635, when about four years old, he came from
London to Massachusetts, with his father, William Hub-
bard, afterward of Ipswich and Boston, and his brother,
William Hubbard, H. U. 1642.

One of his college quarter-bills was paid by James
Oliver, another by "m' will payne of Ipswhich," and
several by Joseph Jewett. Probably he did not con-
tinue at the College after graduating, as the last impor-
tant charge against him is at the time of his taking the
degree of Bachelor of Arts, though there are items for
"discontinuance" as late as September, 1654.

It is commonly stated that in 1660 he was Deputy
to the General Court; but I find no satisfactory record
that he was ever a member of that body.

In 1672 he is mentioned in a Journal of William
Adams, H. U. 1671, as having given "several scriptures

JOHN WHITING. 343

to consider of" to Thomas Whitteridge's wife, who was
distressed at a fortune-teller's story, "y' she should meet
with great trouble, if she escaped with her life," and
soon afterward drowned herself.

In 1679-80, he was on a committee appointed by the
General Court to settle boundary lines between Salem
and Beverly and Wenham.

He died, intestate, 3 May, 168 1.

His wife Sarah, daughter of Governor Simon Brad-
street, was sister of his classmate Samuel Bradstreet, and
of the wife of Seaborn Cotton, H. U. 1651. Their daugh-
ter, Sarah, married John Cotton, H. U. 1681. The
widow, before 24 July, 1684, probably married Samuel
Ward, who died, holding a Major's commission in
Phips's expedition against Quebec, in 1690.

An account of the distribution of Hubbard's property
among his heirs, in 1691, is contained in the Historical
Collections of the Essex Institute, v. 92.

Authorities. —S. G. Drake, Re- v. 208, 224. Massachusetts Histor-

sult of Researches, 39. Essex In- ical Society, Collections, xxxi. 17.

stitute, Hist. Coll., v. 92. J. Farmer, New England Hist and Genealogical

Genealogical Register, 152. J. B. Register, vi. 343; viii. 312; ix. 113.

Felt, History of Ipswich, 75, 93, 164. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary

Harvard College Steward's Account- of New England, i. 463 ; ii. 485 ; iii.

Books, i. 69. Mass. Bay Records, 636; iv. 413.

JOHN WHITING.

Died 1689.

Rev. John Whiting, M. A., of Hartford, second son
of William Whiting, a wealthy merchant, who was As-
sistant and Treasurer of the Colony of Connecticut, was
probably born in England, a short time before his fa-

344 CLASS OF 1653.

ther and mother, Susanna, came to America; though it
may have been afterward, if Goodwin be correct in saying
he was born in 1635.

His connection with the College, during which some
of his bills were paid by "m' hopkines," "bro vsher,"
and "m' lake," continued a year after he took the de-
gree of Bachelor of Arts. About that time he married
Sybil, born in England, sister of John Collins, H. U.
1649, ^^^ daughter of Deacon Edward Collins, of Cam-
bridge, and soon afterward with his wife joined the
church, probably continuing to reside at Cambridge,
where two or three of his children were baptized,

There is a memorandum among the college docu-
ments that he was a Fellow; but it was made a long
time after he graduated, he evidently being confounded
with John White, H. U. 1685.

For two or three years, probably from 1657 to 1659,
he rendered ministerial assistance to the Reverend Ed-
ward Norris, of Salem, who had become aged and infirm.
August 10, 1657, the "dwelling house of John Millerd"
was bought for his acconimodation ; and on the 2!2d of
the month other provision was made "for entertaynment
of mr Why ting: vntill he resolues to stay w*^ vs: or
the towne shall take further, order." November 21,
1658, "Its Ordered that the house & ground that mr
Whittinge liueth in be now giuen to him & his heires
for eu' pvided he Hue in towne three yeares more after
this, voted." March 8, 1658-9, "Ordered that the
Select men, together with the Deacons & mr Gidney are
desired before ye next Ch: meetinge, to Treat with mr
Whittinge to know his mind about staying with vs.
voted." I find no later notice of his being employed
at Salem.

In 1660 he removed with his family "from the Bay"
to Hartford, and was ordained over the First Church,

JOHN WHITING. 345

he and his wife having joined it by letter from the
church in Cambridge.

The Hartford church had been under the care of
Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone, who went with the
colony from Cambridge, Massachusetts, in June, 1636.
Hooker died 7 July, 1647; ^^^ Stone having died ao
July, 1663, Joseph Haynes, H. U. 1658, was in 1664
settled as Whiting's colleague. On the subjects of bap-
tism and church government, which violently agitated the
community, the colleagues became leaders of two parties
in the society. June 14, 1666, the Reverend John Dav-
enport wrote: "I have heard . . . that before the last
lecture-day, when it was yong M' Heynes his turne to
preach, he sent 3 of his partie to tell M' Whiting, that,
the nexte Lecture-day, he would preach about his way of
baptizing, and would begin the practising of it, on that
day. Accordingly he preached, and water was prepared
for Baptisme (which, I suppose, was never administred,
in a weeke day, in that Church, before) But M' Whiting,
as his place and duty required^ testifyed against it, and
refused to consent to it. . . . And so it ceased, for that
time."

Davenport, moreover, says that Haynes challenged
Whiting to a public discussion of the subject on the
next Lecture-day. The result is not known, "except in
general that Mr. Haynes and *his way of baptizing,'
were in the majority"; "M' Haynes and those with
him," according to Bradstreet, "being lookt vpon as
Presbyterians."

October 14, 1669, "Vpon the petition presented by
Mr. Whiting &c." to the General Court "for theire
approbation for a distinct walkeing in Congregational
Church order as hath been here setled according to
counsell of the Elders, the Court doth recommend
it to the Church of Hartford to take some efFectuall

346 CLASS OF 1653,

course that Mr. Whiting &c. may practice the Congre-
gational! way w^^out disturbance either from preaching or
practice diuersly to their just offence, or els to grant
their loveing consent to these bretheren to waike dis-
tinct, according to such their Congregational principles,
which this Court alowes liberty in Hartford to be done."

Whiting and his party withdrew, and 12 February,
1670, organized the Second or South Church in Hart-
ford, making a distinct profession of Congregationalism
as laid down in the Cambridge Platform, and he being
re-ordained.

In May, 1665, he was made freeman of Connecticut.

October 15, 1672, the General Court granted him "two
hundred acres of land for a farme."

At a meeting of the Council of Connecticut, 27 Au-
gust, 1675, ^^ ^^^ "nominated and desired to goe forth
w*** o' army, to be minister unto them, to assist them in
preaching, prayer, councill and exhortation, &c."

He continued pastor of the Second Church in Hart-
ford till his death, 8 September, 1689.

" fTkUing of Hartford, fi^oodbridge of WethtrsfieU:' H.U.
1666, and ^^Wakeman of Fairfield** are named by Cotton
Mather as "most Worthy Men, wherewith Connecticut
Colony has been singularly favoured"; men who "will
never be forgotten, till Connecticut Colony, do forget it
self, and all Religion."

Whiting was twice married. By his first wife, already
mentioned, he had seven children, of whom Abigail, born
in 1666, married the Reverend Samuel Russell, of Deer-
field, Massachusetts, and of Branford, Connecticut, H. U.
1 68 1. His second wife, whom he married in 1673, ^^^
Phebe Gregson, born 15 October, 1643, daughter of
Thomas Gregson, who was lost in the Phantom ship.
She also had seven children. Subsequently she became
the third wife of the Reverend John Russell, of Hadley,

JOHN WHITING.

347

H. U. 1645, surviving whom she went to live with her
son Joseph Whiting, at New Haven, where she died 19
September, 1730,

WORKS.

1. With Joseph Haines he signed the address to the ''Christian
Reader" prefixed to J. Fitch's Connecticut Election Sermon de-
livered at Hartford, 14 May, 1674.

2. Letters to Increase Mather, 1678-9, February 27; 1681-2,
January 23; 1682, October 5, and December 4 relating to "Anne
Coles Case"; and 1683, October 17. Printed in the Collections
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xxxviii. 463-472.

3. The Way of Israels Welfare; or an Exhortation to be with
God, that He may be with us: As it was delivered in a Sermon
Preached at Hartford on Connecticut in New England, May 13th,
1686. Being the Day of Election there. Boston, 1686. 4to.
pp. (6), 44. The Address to the Christian Reader is signed
S. H., probably Samuel Hooker. A copy is in the Library of the
Connecticut Historical Society.

Authorities. — S. Bradstreet,
Journal, in New England Historical
and Genealog. Register, viii. 327 ; ix.
45. Connecticut Records, ed. J. H.
Trumbull, ii. 19, 120, 187, 196, 355,
518; iii. 199, 244. Contributions to
the Ecclesiastical History of Con-
necticut, 22 - 26, 404, 405. J. Daven-
port, in Collections of the Massachu-
setts Historical Society, xxx. 6i.
Essex Institute Historical Collec-
tions, ix. (i.) 203, 204, 210, 217, 219,
224. J. Farmer, Genealogical Reg-
ister, 113; and American Quarterly
Register, ix. 229. J. B. Felt, Annals
of Salem, ed. 1827, 195, 200^ 202,
205, 535 ; and Ecclesiastical History
of New England, ii. 148, 467, 472,

473» 553, 668. N. Goodwin, Gene-
alogical Notes, 329, 330. Harvard
College Steward's Account-Books, i.
71. E. C. Herrick, Manuscript Let-
ter, 1847, September 25. [D. Hunt-
ington], Memories, 102. S. Judd,
Manuscript Letters, 1848, May 3, 10.
S. Judd and L. M. Boltwood, His-
tory of Hadley, 559. Massachusetts
Historical Society, Collections, xxvi.
243; XXXV. 213; xxxviii. 463. C.
Mather, Magnalia, iv. 201. W.
Newell, Church Gathering, 53. New
Haven Records, ed. C. J. Hoadly,
ii. 544. J. Savage, Genealogical Dic-
tionary, i. 434; ii. 315, 316; iv. 518,
521. B. Trumbull, History of Con-
necticut, i. 297, 458, 461.

348 CLASS OF 1653.

SAMUEL HOOKER.

Bom perhaps 1635, died 1697, aged 62 (?).

Rev. Samuel Hooker, M. A., of Farmington, Con-
necticut, born perhaps in England, though Farmer says,
in 1635, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, was son of the
famous Reverend Thomas Hooker, who arrived at Bos-
ton 3 September, 1633, in the Griffin, settled at Cam-
bridge, and in June, 1636, removed with nearly all his
parishioners to Hartford, Connecticut, where he died
7 July, 1647.

In his will, printed in Trumbull's Connecticut Colony
Records, i. 498, the father says: I "giue vnto my sonne
John, my library of printed bookes and manuscripts,"
on condition that he shall "deliuer to my sonne Sainuell,
so many of my bookes as shall . . . bee worth fifty pounds
sterling, or that hee pay him . . , fifty pounds sterling to
buy such bookes as may bee vseful to him in the way
of his studdyes ; , . . but if my sonne John doe not goe
on to the perfecting of his studdyes, or shall not giue
vpp himselfe to the seruice of the Lord in the worke of
the ministry, my will is that my sonne Samuel inioye
and possesse the whole library and manuscripts. ... I
doe giue vnto my sonne Samuell, in case the whole li-
brary come not to him, as is before expressed, the sum
of seuenty pounds."

The graduate's last quarter-bill at college is dated 9
December, 1654. Payments for him were made by
"Cap gookine," "m' hopkines," "hezekiah vsher,"
"Samson Shoore," and others, in "wheatte," "siluer,"
"porke," "butter," "rose watter," etc. Among the
charges are, "14 4 50," ^^payd to will manin for bringinge
j^ bu«h J vvheatt from boston 2*-io and for seuerall other

SAMUEL HOOKER. 349

thinges the two hookers had of goodm maninge 6*"; and,
subsequently, for "bringinge pork from boston 3d,"
'*bringinge wheatt and butter from boston 5s. 9d,"
''Candell and wood for the Publicke fyen 2s," etc.

November 27, 1654, about a fortnight before the date
of the last quarter-bill, "S' Hooker" was chosen Fel-
low' of the College.

He probably "had the advice and cotmsel of his fa-
ther's colleague. Rev. Samuel Stone, in his preparation
for the ministry, on which he entered as early as 1657.
He preached early in the colony of Plymouth."

February 7, 1659, the people of Springfield made
choice of him as their pastor, but he declined their in-
vitation.

In 1659 ^^^ ^^^ Thomas was baptized at Hartford.

In July, 1661, he was ordained at Farmington as suc-
cessor to his brother-in-law, Roger Newton, his son
Samuel having been baptized there a few days after his
birth, 29 May.

October 9, 1662, he was appointed by the Connecticut
Legislature one of a committee of four persons " to goe
downe to N. Hauen to treat w'^ y* Gent: and others of
o' lo: freinds there, according to such instructions as
shalbe directed to y* said Comittee by this Court," re-
specting an amicable union of the two Colonies.

October 10, 1667, the Legislature granted him "Two
Hundred & Fifty Acres of land for a farme, whereof
there may be Thirty acres of meadow if it maybe fownd,
provided it be not prejudicial! to a plantation or any
former grant,"

' "At a meeting of the Hon<» & "S' Shepard, S' Hooker & S' Am-

Rev** Overseers of Harvard Colledge, brose were chosen fellowes,

at the Colledge Hall in Cambridge, "m' Henry Dunster consented to

27. 9. 1654. remove out of the Presidents house

"The Rev^ m' Charls Chauncy by the last of March next"
was solemnly inaugurated into the
place of President ;

350 CLASS OF 1653,

October 12, 1669, he was made freeman.

March 9, 1675-6, "The Councill appoynted the Sec-
retary to write to Mr. Hooker to prepare himselfe to
march forth w*** the army, and to goe up to Hadly or
Northampton w*^ Major Treat; and the constable to
impress men and horss and such accomadations as were
necessary for Mr. Hooker." Probably, however, he did
not join the expedition, as 1 1 March, two days afterward,
"The Councill appoynted Mr. [Israel] Chancey [H. U.
1 661] to be one of the Councill of the army in roome
of Mr. Hooker, and allso that he should now goe forth
w*** y* army as their chirurgion."

At the annual meeting, 28 December, 1685, ^^^ town
of Farmington, probably through his influence or by his
request, voted "to give £30 for a man to teach Schoole
for one year, provided they can have a man that is so
accomplished as to teach Children to read and wright^
and teach the grammer^ and also to step into the fulpet to
be helpful their^ in time of exegenti, and this Schoole to
be a free Schoole for this touny

Hooker continued in the pastoral office till his death,
5 or 6 November, 1697, and was succeeded by Samuel
Whitman, H. U. 1696.

Cotton Mather, in concluding the life of the elder
Hooker, observes: "As Ambrose could say concerning
TheodosiuSy Non Totus recessit; reliquit nobis Liber os^ in qui-
bus eum debemus agnoscere^ &? in quibus eum Cemimus &? Tene-
tnus; thus we have to this Day among us, our Dead
Hooker yet living in his worthy Son, Mr. Samuel Hooker^
an Able, Faithful, Useful Minister."

Porter says: "He was, according to the testimony of
Rev. Mr. Pitkin, 'an excellent preacher, his composi-
tion good, his address pathetic, warm and engaging,' and
as story relates, he informed a friend of his that he had
three things to do with his sermons before he delivered

SAMUEL HOOKER. 35 I

them in public, 'to write them, commit them unto his
memory, and get them into his heart/ ... His death was
deplored as 'a great breach upon this people,' and his
memory was embalmed in the affections of his flock."

September 22, 1658, he married, at Plymouth, Mary,
born 10 November, 1637, oldest daughter of Captain
Thomas Willet, of Plymouth, afterward of Swanzey,
and first Mayor of the city of New York. They had
nine sons, of whom Daniel, born 25 March, 1679, gradu-
ated in ijoo; also two daughters: Mary, born 3 July,
1673, w^^ ^^ ^69^ became the third wife of James Pier-
pont, of New Haven, H. U. 168 1, their daughter Sarah
being wife of the celebrated theologian and metaphysi-
cian, Jonathan Edwards; and Sarah, born 5 May, 1681,
who married the Reverend Stephen Buckingham, of
Norwalk, H. U. 1693.

Hooker's widow, 10 August, 1703, married the Rev-
erend Thomas Buckingham, of Saybrook.

WORKS.

1. In May, 1677, Hooker preached the Connecticut Election
Sermon, and the Treasurer was "appoynted to procure it printed
and to defray the charge thereof out of the pub: Treasurie ; and to
distribute the bookes by proportion in the seuerall countyes.

2. In 1693, he preached another Annual Election Sermon, and
the Legislature desired ^^ him to grant a coppy thereof to be diss-
posed and improued by the Generall Court for the peoples good."

I have never met with either of these sermons, nor found the
titles in any catalogue. So late as May, 1701, more than three
years after his death, it was ordered by the Assembly, ^^that
the election sermon that was last preached by the Reverent M'
Samuel Hooker be . . . printed upon the charge of the Colonie."
It is not probable, however, that the order with regard to either
sermon was ever executed.

3. Though Cotton Mather classes Hooker among the ^^ Authors
of Lesser Composures," I have not found anything that was pub-
lished by him.

3S^

CLASS OF 1653.

Authorities. — A. Andrews, Me-
morial) 10, 14. S. Bliss, History of
Rehoboth, 270, 272. Connecticut
Colony Records, ed. J. H. Trumbull,
i. 388, 499 ; ii. 77, 307, 415* 4i6, 521 ;
and ed. C. J. Hoadly, iv. 53, 63, 95,
106, 350. J. Daggett, HisL of Attle-
borough, 130. J. Farmer, Genealog.
Register, 149; and American Quar-
terly Register, ix. 230. J. B. Felt,
Ecclesiastical History of New Eng-
land, ii. 671. N. Goodwin, Records
of Farmington, in New England His-
torical and Genealogical Register, xi.
327. Harvard College Steward's

Account-Books, i. 73 ; and MS. Pa-
pers, i. 58 ; Corporation Records, iii.
39. C. Mather, Magnalia, iii. 68,
iv. 135. New Haven Colony Rec-
ords, ed. C. J. Hoadly, iL 466, 468.
N. Porter, Historical Discourse at
Farmington, 32, 60. J. Savage,
Genealogical Dictionary, i. 285; ii.
458, 459 ; iv. 557. S. Sewall, cited
in New England Historical and Ge-
nealogical Register, vi. 76. W. B.
Sprague, Thanksgiving Sermon, 2
Dec, 1824, 18. B. Trumbull, HisL
of Connecticut, i. 252, 295. J. H.
Trumbull, MS. Letter, 1861, March 4.

JOHN STONE.

Died before 1700.

John Stone first appears in New England as an un-
dergraduate at the College, no satisfactory record as to
his relatives or the time and place of his birth having
been found.

The character and sources of the payments on ac-
count of his college bills, and of those of his classmate
Hooker, are so nearly identified as to give a degree of
plausibility to Farmer s suggestion, that he may have
been son of the Reverend Samuel Stone, the eminent
divine, who was colleague with Hooker's father.

The charges against Stone on the Steward's books are
continued through the quarter ending 8 December, 1654;
tuition being omitted, as usual, after graduation. Pay-
ments for him were made by " Capt. gookine for m' hop-
kines at m' Angeirs, £1," "by hezekiah vsher whereof
to the Psident 3^**," "by goodman Jones bucher In beaflFe

JOHN STONE. 353

for Th Sweattman £i," "by Tho Sweatman In butter
£i," "by m' hopkines In siluer £3," etc. He is cred-
ited, also, at different times, with about one hundred and
seventy-eight bushels of wheat, two importations being
**Receaued from a bord Ed shipheardes vessell"; and
he is charged for "bringinge beafe from Charlstown,"
and four times for bringing "wheatt from boston."

Farmer's suggestion derives confirmation from the will
of the Reverend Ezekiel Rogers, of Rowley, dated 17
April, 1660, in which bequests are made to "my loving
nephew, Mr. Samuel Stone, of Connecticut," and "my
cousin, his son John."

J. H. Trumbull writes: "I have little doubt that the
graduate was a son of Rev. Samuel of Hartford by his
first wife (who died in 1640). His position next Sam.
Hooker on the Catalogue makes it nearly certain that he
was a minister s son and suggests Hartford at once. The
*Mr. Hopkins* who paid his college bills was, I infer.
Gov. Edward Hopkins, the intimate friend of both Stone
and Hooker, and by Mr. Hooker's will the guardian of
his son Samuel."

Stone had no Commencement part when his class took
their second degree, having perhaps previously gone to
England, where he received the degree of Master of
Arts from the University of Cambridge.

After the Restoration, a " Mr. John Stone*' was silenced
at Hellingley, in Sussex. Was this the graduate?

The star prefixed to Stone's name in early catalogues
of graduates indicates that he died before the close of
the seventeenth century.

Authorities. — W. Bany, Hist T. Gage, Rowley, 61. Harv. ColL

of Framingham, 409. H. Bond, Steward's Books, i. 75. C F. Orne,

Family Memorials, 584, 585. E. Cal- Letter, 1872, January 28. S. Palmer,

amy, Ejected Ministers, ii. 572, 688. Nonconformist's Mem., ii. 344, 463,

S. G. Drake, Result of Researches, 26. J. Savage, Geneal. Diet, iv. 206, 209.

J. Farmer, Genealog. Register, 276. J, H. Trumbull, Letter, 1872, Feb. 12.

23 [Printed 187*. March 19.]

354 CLASS OF 1653.

WILLIAM THOMSON.

Died probably about 1665.

William Thomson, B. A., if, as seems probable, a son
of the Reverend William and Abigail Tompson,* of Brain-
tree, now Quincy, Massachusetts, was born in England,
probably in Lancashire, and came with the family to
Boston in 1637.

His quarter-bills, while an undergraduate, apparently
differ from all before his time, in the two particulars of
not containing any charge for tuition, and, until near the
end of the Junior year, of having a quarterly allowance^
"for his services in the hall," of one pound, — nearly
enough to meet his college expenses, which were eco-
nomically limited to study-rent, bed-making, commons,
and sizings. On subsequent bills he is credited "by ap-
pelles butter and pullettes 17s," and "by an oxe £6 7s.
7Jd.," and, 9 December, 1653, is charged for "discon-
tinuance for 5 quarters And fyer and Candell £1 7s.,"
indicating absence for a considerable period during the
latter part of his college course.

From 1654 to 1656 he preached at Springfield, Massa-
chusetts, where he received a call to settle, which he
declined.

December 20, 1656, according to a manuscript diary
of Thomas Minor, mentioned by Miss Caulkins and J.
Hammond Trumbull, " Mr. Tomson came to Misticke." *

" The father's name was Tomp- son was attracted to this vicinity by

son, while the graduate's autograph family ties and acquaintances. In

was Thomson, though the name of May, 1640^ according to the Roxbury

the latter was variously spelt Thom- Records, Bridget Thomson, perhaps

son, Thompson, Tompson, and Tom- a relative, had married Captain

son. George Denison, one of the early

' It is not improbable that Thom- settlers of Mystic ; and in May,

WILLIAM THOMSON. 355

** The * Mystick and Pawcatuck men/ " writes Trumbull,
**had as yet no distinct town organization, and Mr.
Minor, with others of them, went to meeting in New
London when the weather permitted. Sunday, March
15, 1656-7, Mr. M. notes: *The Sacrament was admin-
istered. Mr. Tomson and his wife came.'"

"In the disputes about" colonial "jurisdiction, Mr.
Tompson sided with the Massachusetts party, at the
head of which was Capt. George Denison of Mystick,"
and in October, 1657, he appears as one of the signers
of a memorial' from the "Inhabitants of Mistick and
Paaquatuck" to the Massachusetts government, com-
plaining of aggressions by Connecticut.

September 19, 1657, the Commissioners of the United
Colonies, acting for the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in New England, mention Thomson and others
"alreddy entered to fitt themselues by Improueing In-
terpretors to gitt Skill in the Indian Language," and to
be encouraged "in theire labours and Indeauors to In-
struct the Indians therabouts resideing especially Robin
and his companie."

Trumbull says: "Mr. Thomson preached occasionally
to the planters as well as to the Indians; 1659, ^J^ne
12, Sunday, Mr. Tomson taught at Mr. Burrows'
[house, near Mystick]. After this he probably removed
to New London where he bought a house."

According to the Commissioners' returns to the Cor-
poration in England, 7 September, 1659, ten pounds had
been paid "To Mr. Willam Tompson whoe studdieth

1644, Alice Thompson had married, Thomson himself, appears to have
in Massachusetts, Robert Parke, a married a sister of the wife of Rob-
settler at Pequot in 1650. Moreover, ert Parke's son, Thomas Parke, also
the Reverend Richard Blinman, of an early settler; to which it may
Pequot, who, when living at Marsh- be added that Thomson's wife was
field and at Gloucester, Massachu- from Wethersfield, whence the Parkes
setts, had probably been acquainted came to New London and vicinity,
with Thomson's father, perhaps with ■ Mass. Bay Records, iv. (i.) 315.

356 CLASS OF i653,

the Indian Language," that he may, as subsequently
added, "teach and Instruct the Pequotts and other In-
dians elswher as hee may haue oppertunitie."

In 1660 he received another ten pounds, and in 166a
twenty pounds, "for teaching the Indians about New
London and the Pequott Countrey," — also, in 1661,
twenty pounds for teaching Indians in the Colony of
Plymouth; the payment in each instance, perhaps, being
for the preceding year.

September 18, 1663, the Commissioners say he "hath
desisted the worke and hath his sallary abated"; where-
upon Robert Boyle, the Governor of the Corporation,
remarks: "Wee are troubled att M' Tompsons neglect
in this busines which Gaue you good occation to abate
his sallery/' Miss Caulkins says: "After 1661 the
stipend was withheld, with the remark, that he had
* neglected the business.*"

March 14, 1 660-1, he was made freeman of Con-
necticut.

According to Miss Caulkins, "Thomson left Nei^
London in feeble health in 1663, and in September,
1664, was in Surry county, Virginia." But Savage
states, that, "in 1664, he gave his wife all his property
by deed," being "near death and about to make a voy-
age to Virginia." It appears, moreover, that, 11 Octo-
ber, 1664, he made a tender of property to the Court of
Magistrates at Hartford for the liquidation of a debt,
and the records of the General Assembly at Hartford,
13 October, 1664, say: "Whereas, Mr. Wm. Thomson,
of New London, is remoueing himselfe from thence to
Virginia, and is indebted by Bills the sume of Twenty
nine pounds, seven shillings and fower pence, which
Bill is in the hands of John Packer, This Court orders
the Constable of New London to secure so much of
the estate of Mr. Thomson in his hands, as it shall be
apprized by indifferent men, and the sayd Constable is

WILLIAM THOMSON. 357

to keep it in his hands, till he hath order from this
Court or the Court of Magistrates, to dispose of it to
the right owner which is according to Mr. Thomson's
tender to the Court of Magistrats."

I find nothing later respecting him, except the notice
of a letter which he wrote at Pixford Bay, Virginia, 29
June, 1665, authorizing his "Loving brother, M' James
Treat of Wethersfield," to make sale of property in New
London. His illness, which perhaps incapacitated him
for laboring actively among the Indians, and may also
have been the occasion of his indebtedness, probably
terminated fatally soon afterwards; a probability strength-
ened by a document in the Suffolk County Probate
Office, in Boston, dated 2 May, 1667, containing "Arti-
cles of agreement betwixt M" Anna thomson, widdow of
M' William Thomson of Brantrey and M' Thomsons
Children concerning the Estate," etc., in which Samuel
appears as the oldest son, and no William is mentioned.

It is remarkable that there is no star, denoting his
death, either in Mather's Magnalia, or in the Catalogue
of Harvard Graduates issued in 1700.

November 19, 1655, while Thomson was preaching
at Springfield, he was married, at Boston, to Katherine,
daughter of Richard Treat, of Wethersfield, Connecticut.
As Treat's will, dated 13 February, 1668-9, i^^l^cs no
mention of this daughter, unless perhaps by another
name, she may then have been dead.

Authorities.— F. M. Caulkins, 431,436,444,458,473,492. W. P.

HistofNewLondon, 67, 70^ 103, 116, Lunt, Two Discourses, 29 Septem-

128, 332 ; and Letter, 1861, February ber, 1839^ 89. Mass. MS. Archives,

5. Connecticut Colony Records, ed. xxx. 66. New £ng. Hist, and Gen.

J. H. Trumbull, i. 359, 432. J. Far- Reg., xi. 201 ; xv. 113. New Plym.

nier, Genealogical Reg., 289. J. B. CoL Records, x. 188, 190, 218, 246^

Felt, Ecclesiastical Hist, of New Eng- 251, 263, 277, 294, 314. J. Savage,

land, ii. 193, 194. Harv. CoIL Stew- Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 289^ 326^

ard's Account-Books, i. 77, 78. E. Suffolk County Probate Records and

Hazard, Hist Collections, consisting Files. J. H. Trumbull, Letters, 1861,

of State Papers, etc., ii. 377, 379, 406, March 4 ; 1872, February 12.

CLASS OF 1653. — August 10.

Edward Rawson, Joshua Moody,

Samuel Bradstreet, Joshua Ambrose,

Joshua Long, Nehemiah Ambrose,

Samuel Whiting, Thomas Crosby : —

being the portion of the class mentioned on page 322,
who were required, as at the present day, to complete
three years after graduating before proceeding Master
of Arts.

"QU^STIONES IN PHILOSOPHIA

DISCUTIEND^. SUB CAROLO CHAUNC^O,

SS. THEOL: BAC: PRyESIDE COL: HARVARD:

CANTAB: NOV-ANGL: IN COMITIIS,

PER INCEPTORES IN ARTIBUS,

DUODECIMO DIE SEXTILIS,

M. DC. LVI

"I. x\.^■

Subftantia creetur?
Affirmat Refpondens Samuel Bradftreet.

"II. -^V^•

Ens Arti atUquetur?
Affirmat Refpondens Jofhua Long.

'III. ±\.N Detur Maximum et Minimum in Natura?
Affirmat Refpondens Samuel Whiting.

EDWARD RAWSON. 359

"IIII. l\.N IntelligentU fint materiauf

Aflirmat Refpondens Jofhua Moodseus.

jcViNT

Creature exiftentia Jit Contingens?
Aflirmat Refpondens Nehemias Ambrofius."

EDWARD RAWSON.

Rev. Edward Rawson, B. A., born in England, was
son of Edward Rawson, of Gillingham, in Dorsetshire,
near the bounds of Hants and Wilts, who came to New-
bury about 1637, and, removing to Boston in 1650, set-
tled in Rawson's Lane, now Bromfield Street, where
"he owned some acres of land, which bordered on the
Common or Training field, out of which he sold a num-
ber of house lots," and died 27 August, 1693, having
been Secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay from
1650 to 1686.

The son's name appears for the first time on the Col-
lege Steward's Account-Books under the date of 22
October, 1649, when he is credited "By ane old Cow 4
quarters wight 300'^ att 3^ i** pr ", £4 2s. 3d.; hir hide
55" att 3** pr pound 13* 9^ hir suett and Inwards 6* 3^
£1"; he being at the same time charged "by sendinge
for his Cow twice once by Cheners and once by good-
man Caine 2s. 6d." At a later date there is credited to
him the item "Payd by a Sword vnto the Steward, 8s.
6d." The account current is continued till "5-3-54,"
but as he is charged for discontinuances "att ia-ia-53
and att march 53-4 att June and Septem 54," his resi-
dence at the College probably terminated when he took

360 CLASS OF 1653.

the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and he returned to Eng-
land soon afterward, never receiving the second d^ree.

In 1655 he was presented to the sequestered living of
John Couch, in Horsmanden in Kent, whence he was
ejected in 1662. Walker says. Couch "outlived the
Usurpation, and demanded his Living again of the In*
truder, one Edward Rawso% a New-England-Mzn^ and
a violent Presbyterian. ... He was resolved to have con-
tinued in the Living if he could, and therefore gave him
a great deal of Trouble to Dispossess him."

Palmer says, "He was esteemed a very pious man.**

Authorities. — E.Calamy, Eject- rial, ii. 62. S. S. Rawson, Rawson

ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 383 ; iii. Family, 7-1 1. J. Savage, Genealog.

543- J. Farmer, GeneaL Reg., 24a Dictionary, iii. 511. J. Walker, Suf-

Harv. College Steward's Books, L 79. ferings of the Clergy of the Church of

S. Palmer, Nonconformist's Memo- England, ii. 22a

SAMUEL BRADSTREET.

Died 1682.

Samuel Bradstrebt, M. A., of Andover, of Boston^
and of Jamaica, was the oldest child of Governor Simon
Bradstreet, of Massachusetts, by Anne, the well-known
poet, daughter of Governor Thomas Dudley. Upon the
birth of this son, the mother wrote, "It pleased God
to keep me a long time without a child, which was a
great greif to me, and cost mee many prayers and tears
before I obtaind one."

The College Steward's books contain an uninterrupted
account current with him, under the name Broadstreatte,
from the quarter-day in June, 1650, to November, 1654.

May 14, 1656, he was made freeman.

August 12, 1656, he "was chosen, and Enstaled Fel-
low of the Coll."

SAMUEL BRADSTREET. 361

His mother wrote verses "Vpon my Son Samuel his
goeing for England, Novem. 6, 1657." At that time,
he, with Daniel Gookin and "good company," embarked
at Boston, for England, on board the ship "whereof
John Pierse was commander," to which one or more
of the passengers were diverted from Garrett's superior
and larger ship, that, sailing at the same time, took
about fifty passengers, among whom were Jonathan I nee,
H. U. 1650, Nathaniel Pelham, H. U. 16^51, and John
Davis, H. U. 1651, and "was never heard of more."

Bradstreet's mother wrote verses " On my Sons Return
out of England, July 17, 1661," thus incidentally show-
ing that he remained abroad nearly four years; in the
mean time probably studying medicine, which he subse-
quently practised several years in Boston.

In 1670 he represented the town of Andover in the
General Court. After this he removed to Jamaica, in
the West Indies. The Reverend Simon Bradstreet,
H. U. 1660, says: "Sometime in August, 1682, my dear
Brother, Mr. Sam" Bradstreet dyed in Jamaica. He
was y* first born, y* greater the breach in o' family; but
he is at rest in glory."

^ In 1662 Bradstreet married Mercy, born 13 January,
1642-3, daughter of William Tyng, and had five chil-
dren, all of whom died young, except Mercy, born 20
November, 1667, who married James Oliver, H. U. 1680.
His wife died 6 September, 1670, and, marrying again in
Jamaica, he had John, born in 1676, and Simon, born
about 1680, H. U. 1700, besides a daughter, Ann.

Authorities. — A. Bradstreet, ords, iii. 40 ; and Manuscript Papers,
Works, Ellis's ed., Iviii, Ixvii, 5, 24, 28, i. 58 ; Steward's Account-Books, L
29. D. Dudley, Dudley Genealo* 81,82. Massachusetts Bay Records,
gies, 116. J. Farmer, Genealogical iv. (i.) 461. New England Histor-
Rc?*> 39* £• ^' Harris, Descend- ical and Genealogical Register, iii.
ants of Thomas Brattle, 37, 39. D. 194; viii. 13, 14; ix. 113, 114. W.
Gookin, in Collections of the Massa- Phillips, Manuscript Phillips Gene-
chusetts Historical Society, i. 202. alogy, July, i86a J. Savage, Gene-
Harvard College Corporation Rec- alogical Diet, L 235, 236; iv. 358.

3^2 CLASS OF 1653.

JOSHUA LONG.

Bom 1634, died before 170a

Joshua Long, or Longe, M. A., the youngest son of
Robert Long, innholder at Dunstable, in Bedfordshire,
by Elizabeth, probably a second wife, was born in Eng-
land. July 7, 1635, when he was about nine months
old, his parents with their ten children embarked in the
Defence at London, and, coming to Massachusetts, set-
tled at Charlestown.

The son's college bills extend from June, 1650, to
September, 1654, the charge for tuition being omitted
after the Commencement in 1653; and several of them,
paid by "M' Longe," indicate the fether's respectable
standing.

The son was living 10 July, 1658, the date of his
father's will, proved 5 April, 1664, which says, "My will
is that twentie pounds be given to my sonne Joshua to
buy him bookes if my wife see it need, so to doe," and
if he "haue no need of w* I giue him; then my will is
that his part be divided to Hannah and Ruth and
Deborah."

The date of his death is not ascertained; but the star
in Mather's Magnalia, and in the Catalogue of Harvard
Graduates issued in 1700, indicates that it must have
occurred some time in the seventeenth century, and it
may even have been several years before its close.

Authorities. — S. G. Drake, Re- 177. Middlesex, Massachusetts,
suit of Researches, 32. J. Farmer, County Probate Records. J. Sav-
Genealogical Register, 181. Har- age, Genealogical Dictionary, iii. 108.
vard College Steward's Account- T. B. Wyman, Manuscript Memo-
Books, i. 83, 84. Massachusetts randa, 1868, August 17.
Historical Society, Collections, xiL

SAMUEL WHITING. 36^

SAMUEL WHITING.

Bom 1633, died 17 13, aged 79.

Rev. Samuel Whiting, M. A., of Billerica, Massa-
chusetts, was born 25 March, 1633, at Skirbeck, about
a mile from Boston, in Lincolnshire, England. His
father, the Reverend Samuel Whiting, born 20 Novem-
ber, 1597, son of John Whiting, Mayor of Boston, after
being for some time a minister at Lynn Regis and Skir-
beck, embarked with his neighbor, the Reverend John
Wheelwright, for Boston, New England, where he ar-
rived 26 May, 1636. On the eighth of November fol-
lowing he was settled at Lynn, where he died, 11
December, 1679. ^^^ graduate's mother, Elizabeth, a
second wife, sister of Oliver St. John, Chief Justice
of England in the time of Cromwell, died at Lynn,
3 March, 1677-8.

Whiting continued at the College a year after gradu-
ating, and, what is remarkable, his quarter-bills, com-
monly settled by "Samuell," sometimes "Samuell Whit-
ting," with the exception of two credits " by the Psident
by his schollership," appear on the Steward's books to
have been almost always paid "by siluer."

May II, 1656, he was made freeman.

As early as 1658, he was preaching at Billerica,
Massachusetts. There was no meeting-house or church
organization, but nineteen persons then "stipulated,"
says Farmer, "to give him and his heirs, a ten acre
privilege, and a house comfortably finished with the
accommodations belonging to it, if he should continue
with them during his life," with "a salary of £4.0 for
the first two years, £50 for the third, £60 for the
fourth, and afterwards ... to ^ better his maintenance as

364 CLASS OF 1653.

the Lord should better their estates/ His stated salaiy
after the fourth year, was £70."

** Finding their numbers annually increasing, the town
voted to build a meeting-house, 30 feet in length and
24 feet in width," which, "completed about 1660, . . .
had no galleries till about 1679," and was "for several
years . . . covered with thatch instead of shingles.**

November 11, 1663, the church was gathered, and
Whiting was ordained. In 1669 there were eight ad-
missions to the church, and twelve baptisms.

When a movement was made to settle the Reverend
John Davenport over the First Church in Boston, Whit-
ing was one of the seventeen ministers who bore testi-
mony against it, and he afterward signed the address to
the General Court in vindication of their conduct from
the charge of innovation brought against them by a com-
mittee appointed by the House of Deputies in May,
1670.

In 1675, probably through his influence, the Select-
men of Billerica passed ''an order that all children and
youth from eight years old and upwards, should be
sent by their parents and masters to the reverend Mr.
Whiting, to receive catechetical instruction at such times
as should be appointed."

In the October succeeding 2 August, 1675, when Tim-
othy Farley, of Billerica, was killed in the engagement
with the Indians at Quaboag, now Brookfield, Massa-
chusetts, twelve garrisons were established in Billerica,
Whiting's being "the main garrison and the last refuge
in case of extremity." Many years afterward Whiting
was called to sympathize with the relatives of parishion-
ers who had been killed in Indian irruptions into the
town, I August, 1692, and 5 August, 1695.

The second meeting-house, "44 feet in length and
40 feet in width," voted 23 October, 1693, "was erected.

SAMUEL WHITING. 365

16 July, 1694." "This service," says an old diary,
**was attended by about 45 hands of our town the first
day; and the town came generally the second day, and
some of other towns. . . . The third day we concluded
our work with our towns' help. No considerable harm
was done — not a bone broken. We had the help of
our reverend pastor to desire God's blessing, and when
we had finished our work, we concluded with a psalm
of praise and returned thanks to God by our reverend
pastor."

For several months in 1702-3 Whiting was too ill to
perform ministerial labor, and his people hired John
Fox, H. U. 1698, to assist him. The infirmities of age
increasing, Samuel Ruggles, H. U. 1702, who began to
preach at Billerica in 1707, was ordained as his colleague
19 May, 1708.

Whiting died "an hour before Sun-set," 28 Febru-
ary, 1712-13, having been the "Faithful Minister of the
Gospel, in the New-English Town of Billerica," "about
55 Years."

"In a poem on his death ... he has the following
character.

"'Whiting, we here beheld a starry light,
Burning in Christ's right hand and shining bright;
Years seven times seven sent forth his precious rays.
Unto the gospel's profit and Jehovah's praise.'"

November 12, 1656, he was married at Charlestown,
to Dorcas, born i November, 1637, daughter of Leonard
Chester, first of Watertown, Massachusetts, and afterwards
of Wethersfield, Connecticut, whose mother, Dorothy, was
sister of the Reverend Thomas Hooker, of Hartford.
They lived together fifty-seven years, she dying 15 Feb-
ruary, 1712-13, thirteen days before her husband. Of
their seven sons two were graduates: John, in the class

^66 CLASS OF 1653.

of 1685, killed by the Indians at Lancaster, Massachu-
setts, II September, 1697; and Joseph, in the class of
1690. Of their four daughters, Elizabeth, born 6 No-
vember, 1660, became, 2 October, 1702, second wife of
the Reverend Thomas Clark, of Chelmsford, H. U. 1670.

WORKS.

Farmer wrote in 1836: ^^ Although a man of respectable tal-
ents, and sometimes called to preach on public occasions, I do
not find that he published anything. He preached the artillery
election sermon in 1682. A manuscript volume of his sermons
is in the library of his descendant, Rev. Moses G. Thomas, of
Concord, N. H. I have in my possession part of a folio manu-
script, of several hundred pages, containing sketches of his sermons
on portions of the Assembly's Catechism for a number of years.
It was written by Capt. Jonathan Danforth, his parishioner, and
brother of Rev. Samuel Danforth of Roxbury."

Authorities. — American Quar- 165; and J. R. Newhall's ed., 274.
terly Register, ix. 230; xi. 249, 258. Massachusetts Bay Records, iv. (ii.)
H. Bond, Family Memorials, 152, 493. Massachusetts Historical So-
735» 736. Boston News Letter, ciety. Collections, xxviii. 344. C.
1712-13, March 9. H. Cumings, Mather, Magnalia, iii. 156, 157.
Half-Century Discourse, 12. S. G. New England Hist and Genealogical
Drake, History and Antiquities of Register, v. 342; viii. 167; xiv. 62;
Boston, 363, 385. J. Farmer, His- xxii. 339 ; xxiv. 86. J. Savage, Ge-
torical Memoir of Billerica, 5, 8-12, nealogical Dictionary, i. 375, 397
14-16; and Genealogical Register, i v. 520, 521. G. H. Whitman, Man
315; American Quarterly Register, uscript Letters, 1868, May 12, 23,
ix. 230; Farmer and Moore's Col- containing extracts from Billerica
lections, ii. 233. N. Goodwin, Gene- Town Records. Z, G. Whitman,
alogical Notes, 20. Harv. College History of the Ancient and Honor-
Steward's Books, i. 35. T. Hutch- able Artillery Company, 217. B.
inson. Hist of Massachusetts Bay, i. B. Wisner, History of the Old South
270^ 273. A Lewis, Hist of Lynn, Church in Boston, 7- 11, 74, 75-

JOSHUA MOODEY. 367

JOSHUA MOODEY.

Born about 1633, died 1697, aged about 64*

Rev. Joshua Moodey (so spelt by himself), M. A., of
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and of Boston, Massachu-
setts, born in England about 1633, was son of William
Moody, saddler, who came from Ipswich, in Suffolk, to
Ipswich in New England, as early as 1634, and in 1635
was one of the first settlers of Newbury, where he died
25 October, 1673.

The son was probably fitted for college by the Rev-
erend Thomas Parker, of Newbury, who generally had
several students under his charge. He joined the church
in Cambridge, where he remained after graduating.

February 28, 1655 (1655-6?), he was chosen Fellow
of the College. The latest payment to him recorded on
the Steward's books is in the college quarter ending
5 June, 1658.

Early in 1658 he "began his ministerial labors" at
Portsmouth, supported by the voluntary subscription of
eighty-six persons. March 5, 1660, the town formally
invited him to settle; and, in 1662, probably with a
view to secure to him an attentive audience, ^^Orderedy
that a cage be made, or some other means invented by
the Selectmen, to punish such as sleepe or take tobacco
on the Lord's day out of the meeting in the time of
the publique exercise."

When the general appeal was made for funds to erect
a brick building for the College in place of the wooden
structure, which was small and decaying, the following
response, probably prompted and prepared by Moodey,
came from Portsmouth.

368 CLASS OF 1653.

"To the much hono^'d the Generall Court of y* Massa-
chusets colony, assembled at Boston, 20 May, 69.

"The humble addresse of y* inhabitants of the toune
of Portsmouth
"Humbly sheweth,—

" That seeing by your meanes (vnder God) wee enjoy
much peace & quietnes, & very worthy deeds are don
to vs by the favorable aspect of the gouernment of this
colony vpon vs, we accept it alwajes & in all places w*
all thankfullnes ; and tho wee haue articled w^'' yo^'selues
for exemption from publique charges, yett wee neucr
articled w*** God & our oune consciences for exemption
from grattitude, which to demonstrate, while wee were
studdying, the loud groanes of the sinking colledg, in
its present low estate, came to our eares, the releiving
of which wee account a good worke for the house of
our God, & needful for the perpetuating of knouledge,
both religious & ciuil, among vs, & our posterity after
vs, & therefore gratefuU to yourselues, whose care &
studdy is to seeke the welfare of our Israeli. The
premisses considered, wee haue made a collection in our
toune of sixty pounds p annu, (& hope to make it
more,) which sajd sume is to be pajd annually for these
seuen yeares ensuing, to be improoued, at the discretion
of the honoured ouerseers of the colledge, for the be-
hoofe of the same, and the advancment of good littera-
ture there, hoping w^'^all that the example of ourselues
(w^** haue been accounted no people) will provoke y* rest
of the country to jealousy, (wee meane an holy emula-
tion to appeare in so good a worke,) & that this hon-
oured Court will, in their wisdomes, see meete vigerously
to act for the diverting the sad omen to poore New
England, if a colledge, begun & comfortably vpheld while
wee were litle, should sine, now wee are groune greate,
especially after so large and proffitable an harvest that
this country & other places haue reaped from the same.

JOSHUA MOODEY. 369

"Yo' acceptanc of our good meaning herein will further
obleige vs to endeavo' the approoving ourselues to be

Yo' thankfull & humble servants,
Jn® Cutt,
Richard Cutt,
Joshua Moody.

"In the name & behalfe of y* rest of y* subscribers in
y* toune of Portsm*,

"This addresse . . • was psented by M' Richard Cutt,"
who subscribed £ao annually, ^*Sc M' Joshua Moody,
ao May, 1669, & gratefully accepted of; & the Gouer-
no', in the name of the whole Court mett together, re-
turnd them the thanks of this Court for their pious
& liberall gift to the coUedg therein."

"After many serious endeavors" by the pastor in
public for nearly thirteen years, "and by several of the
inhabitants in private," and holding numerous conferences
and prayer meetings, of which a detailed account, from
Moodey's manuscript records, is printed by Adams,
Alden, and Moody, a church of nine male members
was organized at Portsmouth, la July, 1671, by rep-
resentatives from the churches in Ipswich, Rowley,
Hampton, and Cambridge, those from Cambridge bring-
ing Moodey's letter of dismission. "In the presence
of Governor Leverett and several of the magistrates,"
"he that was appointed pastor preached in the morning
out of Ezekiel xlviii. ult. After sermon some intermis-
sion was made, and, on their meeting again, the pastor
with all those, who were to be the beginners of the new
church, made their relations, and those, who were mem-
bers of other churches, had their dismissions, and all
made their relations whether members or non-members,
and they were approved of by the messengers of churches
and embodied into a church by an explicit covenant.
Then the pastor was ordained after the unanimous vote

24 fPriated it|^ Much 19.I

370 CLASS OF 1653.

of the church for choice of him and liberty given to all
the congregation to object, if they had aught to say. He
was ordained by several of the elders at the desire of the
church, Mr. Cabot giving him his charge, and Mr.
Wheelwright the right hand of fellowship. Then the
pastor ordained Samuel Haines deacon, with imposition
of hand and prayer. A psalm was sung and the con-
gregation dismissed by the pastor with a prayer and
blessing."

Having now effected the church organization, Moodey
pursued his ministerial labors without any apparently
important interruption till Edward Cranfield came into
office as Lieutenant-Governor, to whom his eminent
sanctity, rigid adherence to the Gospel standard of duty^
strictness in church discipline, and fearlessness in rebuk-
ing sin in high places, made him an object of special
hostility.

In October, 1682, a Scotch ketch, or a ketch belong-
ing to George Janvrin, or "one JefFerys, a Scotchman,"
having been seized for breach of the revenue laws,
'*was in the night carried out of the harbor. The
owner, who was a member of the church, swore that he
knew nothing of it; but upon trial [in December], there
appeared strong suspicions that he had perjured himself."
According to Belknap, he compromised "the matter with
the governor and collector; but Moodey, being con-
cerned for the purity of his church, requested of the
governor copies of the evidence, that the offender might
be called to account in the way of ecclesiastical discipline.
Cranfield sternly refused, saying that he had forgiven
him, and that neither the church nor minister should
meddle with him; and even threatened Moodey in case
he should." Not intimidated, Moodey preached a ser-
mon against false swearing. Several church meetings
were held, the offender was called to account, and "at

JOSHUA MOODEY. 37 1

length brought" to "a public confession." Cranfield
was enraged, but, having "no way then in his power
to show his resentment," he resorted to the following
expedient.

At this time the penal laws against non-conformists
were rigorously enforced in England, and he "determined
to play off the ecclesiastical artillery here." He accord-
ingly made some movements for this purpose; "but
his capital stroke was to issue an order in council 'that
after the first of January, ... if any person should desire
baptism or the other sacrament to be administered ac-
cording to the liturgy of the church of England, it should
be done, . . . and any minister refusing so to do should
suffer the penalty of the statutes of uniformity.' "

"In pursuance of that order," writes Moodey, 12
February, 1683-4, to Governor Thomas Hinckley,
Cranfield "(seeing none of the inhabitants would
appear, but that I went on preaching without any such
impediment, and matters were not likely to bear there)
sent the Marshal Sherlock to my house, on a Tuesday
in the afternoon [January 15, 1683-4], to inform me
that himself, with four more, ejusdem furina {furfuris
potius)y intended to receive the sacrament next Lord's .
Day, and required me to prepare accordingly. I was
from home, as far as Ipswich; and, before I returned,
had intelligence thereof. ... I consulted with friends, and
was by some dissuaded from going home. Being provi-
dentially out of the Province, I could not be culpable
for not returning, nor chargeable with flying from that
which I knew nothing of before I undertook my jour-
ney. There seemed matter of argument in it: but I
had no freedom in myself to withdraw; and resolved
to come back, and try the utmost. I came home on
Friday. The Marshal was with me on Saturday to
know my answer. I told him I durst not, could not,

372 CLASS OF 1653.

should not, do it. Which answer he informed the Gov-
ernor of; and, accordingly, he and his gang forbare coin-
ing up on Lord's Day. On Saturday was fortnight, an
order came to me (drawn up, I suppose, by the Gov-
ernor, or his order), signed by Nath. Frier, justice of
peace (which, it is said, he was forced to do by threats
and afFrightments), requiring and strictly commanding me
immediately upon sight, or the next Monday by nine
in the morning, to appear before him, or some other
justice of peace, to answer to such things as should be
in his majesty's behalf, as matter of misdemeanor, ob-
jected against me. On Monday morning, I went down
to Great Island; appeared before Mr. Mason (being will-
ing to free Mr. Frier from a business I know he had
no mind to, but was constrained to volens nolens). Mr.
Mason answered, that he knew nothing of it, and should
not be concerned therein. I could then have fairly
returned home again; but, being willing to make but
one work of it, we[nt to Mr.] Frier. He was much
afflicted to see me. . . . The business was to bind me over

to Quarter [Sessions] I would give no bond At

length, Mr. Eliot offered to be bound."

Being brought into court, says Belknap, Moodey
"pleaded that he was not episcopally ordained as the
statutes required; nor did he receive his maintenance
according to them," having had none for twelve months
but what the people voluntarily gave, "and therefore
was not obliged" to obey; "that the alleged statutes
were not intended for these plantations, the known and
avowed end of their settlement being the enjoyment of
freedom from the imposition of those laws; which free-
dom was allowed and confirmed by the king, in the
liberty of conscience granted to all protestants, in the
governor's commission."

Of the six members of the Court, Henry Greene and

JOSHUA MOODEY. 373

Nathaniel Fryer, who were Assistants, with Henry Robie
and Thomas Edgerly, Justices, "entered their thoughts
that" he "was quit, and the clerk recorded it"; but
"Walter Barefoote, who was captain of the fort, and Peter
Coffin, Justice, were for Moodey's condemnation. "The
matter being adjourned till the next day, Cranfield found
means before morning to gain Robie and Greene, who
then joined with Barefoote and Coffin, in sentencing him
to six months imprisonment, without bail or mainprize."'
Fryer and Edgerly persisted in their opinion, and were
soon after removed from all their offices.* Moodey,
without being permitted to see his family, was immedi-
ately ordered into custody. "I desired liberty," he says,
"to go up to my house to settle matters there, and that
I might not go to the common prison; it being so cold
and nasty a place, that it would be cruelty to send me
thither, considering my education, and manner of living.
They owned it rational, but said they could not grant
it; advised me to apply to the Governor; which I did
in writing, desiring also a little time of discourse with
him. He peremptorily refused both. However, just at
night, when going to the prison, he ordered the Marshal

' The warrant of commitment, for the space of six months next en-
dated 6 February, 1683-4, com- suing, without bail or mainprise."
manded the Marshal to "appre- " *'Not long after, Green repent-
hend the body and person of Joshua ed," writes Moodey, " and made his
Moodey, . . . and carry him to the acknowledgment to the pastor, who
prison on Great Island;. ..and the frankly forgave him. Robey was
prison-keeper. Rich. Abbott" was excommunicated out of Hampton
** required to receive . . . and keep church for a common drunkard, and
him in safe custody, in the said died excommunicate, and was by his
prison, — he having been convicted friends thrown into a hole, near his
of administering the sacraments con- house, for fear of an arrest of his
trary to the laws and statutes of carcase. Barefoot fell into a Ian-
England, and refusing to administer guishing distemper, whereof he died,
the sacraments according to the rites Coffin was taken by the Indians and
and ceremonies of the Church of his house and mills burnt, himself
England and the form enjoined in not slain but dismissed."
the said statutes, — there to remain

374 CLASS OF 1653.

to drop me at Captain [EHas] Stileman's, and confine
me to a chamber."

Moodey remained in confinement at Stileman*s house,
"though not without leave to go down stairs, or into
the back side"; and his "benefice" was declared forfeited
to the crown. "Cranfield would neither suffer him to go
up to the town to preach, nor the people to assemble at
the island to hear, nor the neighboring ministers to sup-
ply his place; only the family where he was confined
were permitted to be present with him at sabbath exer-
cises. But whilst" Cranfield "was absent on a tour to
New-York, Mason gave leave for opening the meeting-
house," and Samuel Phillips, of Rowley, H. U. 1650,
in consequence of a touching appeal made to him by
Moodey, came and preached 13 and 20 April, the people
"having been nine Lord's days without a sermon"; and
Moodey, moreover, was allowed "to make a short visit
to his family." After about thirteen weeks' imprison-
ment, "by the interposition of friends, Moodey obtained
a release, though under a strict charge to preach no more
within the province, on penalty of further imprisonment."

"He had the Honour," says Cotton Mather, "to be
the Firstj that suffered in that way for that Cause in
these parts of the World."

"The persecution being personal, and his mouth ut-
terly stopped, while the other ministers in the province,"
except Seaborne Cotton, H. U. 1651, "were undis-
turbed," he went immediately to Boston, where 1 1 May,
1684, the First Church voted him an invitation, "during
his abode and residence here, to be constantly helpful to
our teacher, Mr. James Allen, in preaching."

During this persecution, writes Bacon, the church at
New Haven "*had intelligence from some friends, that
Mr. Moody was attainable if he were looked after.'
Thereupon the Church considering Mr. Moody to be

JOSHUA MOODEY. 375

*a man, by report, singularly fit for the ministry,' wrote
a letter* to be conveyed to him by Mr. Uohn] Whiting,
of Hartford," H. U. 1650, who had married his wife's
sister. At the town meeting, 17 March, 1684, the mat-
ter was brought forward by Deputy-Governor Bishop;
and the result was, that William Jones, one of the prin-
cipal inhabitants, and James Heaton, son-in-law of Nich-
olas Street, the former minister, were sent to treat with
him. One of the messengers he saw at Portsmouth
about the time of his release, and "conferred with both
of them at Boston at the time of the election there,"
but he "declined the invitation, because he still felt
himself bound to his former people, and 'would try the
providence of God, if he might not preach near them,
and they have liberty to hear him.' "

Almost immediately afterward, 21 July, 1684, the
Corporation of Harvard College chose him President, as
successor of John Rogers, H. U. 1649, who had died
on the second day of the same month. In September
the "Overseers declared their consent to and approbation
thereof"; but, 14 October, "the Comittee appointed to
treat" with him "made return to the Overseers, That
Mr Moodey's answer was on the Negative."

In the following year, 1685, Cranfield left the country
in disgrace. "Moodey resumed his active interest" in
the society at Portsmouth, " making them frequent visits,
aiding them by his counsel, and observing, by special
exercises of devotion in their behalf, all their stated sea-
sons of fasting and prayer."

Edward Randolph says, Moodey was one of the "Five

Ministers of Boston" who "were in the Councill Cham-

' About 20 March, 1683-4, while there, in order to my removeing

Moodey was in prison, he wrote to thither ; &, I may add, a 3^ & 4^

Increase Mather: "I lately rec** two from Bro: Whyting & Collins to

letters, one from the church of back theyr motion. But I am at

N. Haven, a 2^ from 3 Magistrates present too fast fixed for moving/'

376 CLASS OF 1653.

ber on the eighteenth of Aprill [1689] when the Govern'
[Sir Edmund Andros] and myselfe were brought out
of the Fort before them, writeing orders, and were au-
thors of some of their printed papers."

In 1691, John Cotton, H. U, 1678, having received a
call to Portsmouth, Moodey wrote to the town, 29 May,
as he had previously written to the church, that he would
return, if it were their wish: but he was reluctant to go
back without the advice and sanction of an ecclesiastical
council. The society not considering this necessary, ne-
gotiations were protracted till 1693, when. Cotton hav-
ing for some time favored the movement, Moodey yielded
to repeated solicitations, and by advice of an ecclesiasti-
cal council resumed his charge.

During the time when his proposal to return to
Portsmouth was under consideration, the witchcraft de-
lusion was at its height. Moodey's views as to the
course to be justifiably pursued by the accused may be
learned from a letter written by the Reverend William
Bentley, H. U. 1777. "As early as ai April, 1692,**
Philip English's wife "was accused of witchcraft, ex-
amined, and committed to prison. . . . Six weeks she was
confined." Her husband, for visiting her, "was also
accused, and confined in the same prison. By the inter-
cession of friends, and by a plea that the prison was
crowded, they were removed to Arnold's gaol in Boston.
. . . Willard [H. U. 1659] and Moodey visited them,
and discovered every disposition to console them in their
distress. On the day before they were to return to
Salem for trial, Mr. Moodey waited upon them in the
prison, and invited them to the publick worship. . • . He
chose for the text, if they persecute you in one city,
FLEE TO ANOTHER. In the discoursc, with a manly free-
dom he justified every attempt to escape from the forms
of justice, when justice was violated in them. After ser-

JOSHUA MOODEY. 377

vice Mr. Moodey visited the prisoners in the gaol, • . .
frankly told" English "that his life was in danger, and
he ought by all means to provide for an escape. Many,
said he, have suffered. Mr. English then replied, God
will not suffer them to hurt me. Upon this reply, Mrs.
English said to her husband, do you not think that they,
who have suffered already, are innocent? He said, yes.
Why then may not we suffer also? Take Mr. Moodey 's
advice. Mr. Moodey then told Mr. English that, if he
would not carry his wife away, he would." He finally
succeeded in quieting English's scruples of conscience,
and, through arrangements already made, "English, his
wife, and daughter were taken and conveyed to New-
York," where, kindly cared for by the Governor and
others, they remained till the next year.

**In all this business," says Bentley, "Mr. Moodey
openly justified Mr. English, and, in defiance of all the
prejudices which prevailed, expressed his abhorrence of
the measures, which had obliged a useful citizen to flee
from the executioners. Mr. Moodey was commended
by all discerning men, but he felt the angry resentment
of the deluded multitude of his own times, among whom
some of high rank were included. He soon after left
Boston and returned to Portsmouth," agreeably to his
inclinations expressed a year or two previously.

Although "he was of a very Robust and Hardy Con-
stitution," his intense application "in doing the Service
whereto a Good Master called him" brought on "a Com^
pUcation of Distempers." He went for medical advice
to Boston, and there died, "at Cotton Hill," opposite
King's Chapel Burying-Ground, on Sunday, 4 July, 1697,
in the sixty-fifth year of his age. He was "interred in
the tomb of the worshipful John Hull," the day before
Commencement. "Was a very Great Funeral. Many
Ministers & Magistrates there." Cotton Mather preached
the funeral sermon.

378 CLASS OF 1653.

In his will Moodey wrote: "If I die in Portsmouth,
my body shall be laid in the burying-place there, under
the great stone, by the side of the oak, where I buried
my first wife and the deceased children I had by her; —
hereby strictly inhibiting those profuse expenses in mourn-
ing, or otherwise so frequently wasted at funerals .1

do also lay the solemn injunctions of a tender and dying
father upon all my children, that they love one another
dearly, and that there be no difference between them
about any thing I shall leave them. And in order to
the preventing any difference, I advise them to meet as
soon as they may after my decease, and discourse and
share matters between them, while the remembrance of
a dead father is fresh and warm upon their souls/'

Peabody says, Moodey "was regarded as a pattern of
parochial fidelity; nor is there any surviving memento
of the slightest mark of alienation or disesteem among
the actual members of his church in Portsmouth, or
among those to whom he ministered in Boston. He
seems to have given himself wholly to his work, and to
have had no other aim than the conversion of sinners
and the edification of God's heritage. Equally firm
and prudent, loyal to his Master and meek and gentle
towards all men, uncompromising in duty and concili-
atory where conscience suffered him to yield, he was
admirably fitted to occupy a frontier post in our Zion."

He was succeeded at Portsmouth by Nathaniel Rogers.

From Hutchinson's Collection of Original Papers, page
464, Moodey's first wife, Martha (?), daughter of Edward
Collins, of Cambridge, and sister of John Collins, H. U.
1649, appears to have died as early as August, 1674.
His second wife was the widow Ann Jacobs, of Ipswich.
The children who survived him were Samuel, H. U. 1689;
Martha, wife of Jonathan Russell, H. U. 1675; Sarah,
wife of John Pike, H. U. 1675; and Hannah.

JOSHUA MOODEY. 379

WORKS.

1. Souldiery Spiritualized, | Or | the Christian Souldier | Or-
derly, and Strenuously Engaged in the | Spiritual Warre, | And so
fighting the good Fight: | Represented in a Sermon Preached at
Boston in | New England on the Day of the Artil- | lery Election
there, June i. 1674. || Cambridge: Printed by Samuel Green.
1674. 4to. pp. (2), 47. //, W.

2. The General Court of Massachusetts Bay, 12 May, 1675,
^^considering the elaborate & seasonable discourse of the Reuend
M' Joshua Moody enterteyned the Generall Assembly with on
the day of eleccon, judge meete to entreate the sajd M' Moody to
transcribe a copy thereof meete for the presse, that it may be
printed."

I have not met with a copy, and think the sermon may not have
been printed.

3. A letter from John Higginson to Increase Mather, dated
^^Aug. 22, '82," says: ^^lust as I had finished, Mf Moody came
in, & told me that he hath kept 30 years' Almanacks together with
fayr paper between every year, setting down' remarkable Provi-
dences; so that I doubt not but besides those he hath sent you,
you may have many more from him.**

4. A I Practical | Discourse | Concerning the Choice Benefit |
of Communion with God in His | House, | Witnessed unto by the
Experience of Saints as | The best Improvement of Time. Being
the I Summe of Several Sermons on Psal. 84. 10. Preach'd in
Boston on Lecture-Dayes. || Boston. 1685. i6mo. Pp. 4 To
the Reader by James Allen ; Text 109. M^ P.

The same. Boston. 1746. i6mo. Pp. 6 The Preface signed
by Joseph Sewall, Thomas Prince, John Webb. Mar. 27, 1746 ;
and Text 88. i/, M.

5. An I Exhortation | to [James Morgan] a Condemned | Male-
factor I Delivered March the 7th 1686. || Printed at Boston, by
R. P. Anno. 1687. sm. 8vo. P. (83) Title; p. 84 To the
Reader ; and Text pp. 85-113 of I. Mather's Sermon Occasioned
by the Execution of a Man found Guilty of Murder. i/, P.

6. Letters in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, xxxv. 73, 116; xxxviii. 357-373.

7. The ninety-third volume of his ^^ manuscript sermons, the
last of which is numbered 4070, and dated 30 September, 1688,**

38o

CLASS OF 1653.

formerly owned by the Reverend Timothy Alden, H. U. 1794^
is now in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

8. Epitaphs on Thomas Bailey, and on Lydia, wife of the Rev-
erend John Bailey of Watertown, Massachusetts ; supposed to be
by him.

9. A Sermon on the Great Sin of Formality in G* Worship ;
or the Formal Worshipper proved a Liar and Deceiver; preached
on the weekly Lecture in Boston from Hosea xi. 12. Boston.
169 1. 8vo. pp. 42.

10. People of New England Reasoned w*^, &c : G Elec. Ser-
mon on I Sam xii. 7. May 4. 1692. Boston. 1692. 8vo.

11. Believers Happy Change by Death: Funeral Sermon on
Thomas . Boston. 1697. 8vo. pp. 32.

Authorities. — N. Adams, An-
nals of Portsmouth. T. Alden, Epi-
taphs, ii. 175 ; also Religious Socie-
ties of Portsmouth, 8- 14, 32 ; and in
Collections of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, x. 40-46, 64. Amer-
ican Congregational Year- Book, iii.
133. American Quarterly Register,
vi. 245 ; vii. 28 ; xiv, 252. L. Ba-
con, Thirteen Historical Discourses,
171. J. Belknap, History of New
Hampshire, Farmer's ed., 64, 104,
467-469, 476-478, 499» 501. W.
Bentley, in Collections of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, vi. 270;
X. 64 ; and in Alden's Religious So-
cieties, 32. C. W. Brewster, Ram-
bles about Portsmouth. J. R. Brod-
hcad, N. Y. CoL Doc, iii. 582. W.
Emerson, History of First Church in
Boston, 134, 14a Essex Institute,
Histor. Collections, i. 164. J. Far-
mer, Genealog. Reg., 198 ; and Amer.
Quarterly Register, ix. 231 ; Farmer
and Moore's Collections, ii. 261.
C. Francis, History of Watertown,
141. W. T. Harris, Watertown Epi-

taphs, 2. Harvard College Manu-
script Corp. Records, i. 67 ; iii. 40^
85 ; and Steward's Account-Books,
i. 87, 299 ; Manuscript Papers, i. 58.
A. Holmes, Annals of America, i.
467. E. Holt, Historical Sketch
of North Church in Portsmouth, 6.
R. F. Lawrence, New Hampshire
Churches, 95, 118. J. McKean, Ser-
mon at Ordination of N. L. Froth-
ingham, 41. Massachusetts Bay
Records, iv. (ii.) 433; v. 34. Mas-
sachusetts Historical Society, Collec-
tions, vi. 270; X. 40, 69, 167; xii.
loi ; XXXV. 73, 115- 121 ; xxxviii. 57,
282, 357, 363. C. Mather, Way to
Excel : Meditations Awakened by J.
M.'s Death; also Magnalia, iv. 192-
198. C. C. P. Moody, Biographical
Sketches of the Moody Family, 9, 13.
New Hampshire Provincial Records,
i. 163, 169, 183, 186. A. P. Pea-
body, in W. B. Sprague's Annals, L
1 6a S. Sewall, Manuscript Diary.
W. B. Sprague, Annals of the Amer-
ican Pulpit, i. 160. C. W. Upham,
Salem Witchcraft, ii. 309.

JOSHUA AMBROSE. NEHEMIAH AMBROSE. 38 1

JOSHUA AMBROSE.

Rev. Joshua Ambrose, entered as "Ambros Senior"
on the College Steward's books, was probably a native
of England, though I find no particulars respecting either
his parentage or the time or place of his birth. With
the exception of £3 15s. as a "schollership," all his
college bills were paid by "m' John Glouer of Dor-
chester." Among the last of the charges are nine shil-
lings for "Commones & Sizings from 9 of Septem [1653]
till he left the Colledge." He went to England, and
was settled in the ministry at Darby, in Lancashire. In
1662 he became a Conformist. From the University
at Oxford he received the degree of Master of Arts.
Not being starred in Mather's Magnalia or in the Cata-
logue of Harvard Graduates issued in 1700, he may
have lived till the eighteenth century.

Authorities. — E. Calamy, Eject- Harvard College Steward's Account-
ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 419. Books, i. 89. J. Savage, Genea-
J. Fanner, Genealogical Register, 16. logical Dictionary, i. 48.

NEHEMIAH AMBROSE.

Died before 170a

Rev. Nehemiah Ambrose, M. A., entered as "Am-
bros Jeunior" on the College Steward's Account-Books,
may have been a brother of his classmate, Joshua Am-
brose, as the bills of both were "Payd by m' John
Glouer," but nothing is known of him before he en-
tered college. The latest charge against him is "9-10-

382 CLASS OF 1653.

53*' for "discontinuance" and for "study rente for 3
quarters and som sizinges."

November 27, 1654, he was chosen Fellow of the
College, and the Steward makes record of a payment to
him as late as 5 September, 1657.

He went to England, and was settled in the ministry
at Kirkby, in Lancashire, whence in 1662 he was ejected
for non-conformity. Being starred in Mather's Mag-
nalia, he probably died before the close of the seven-
teenth century.

Authorities, — E. Calamy, Eject- Books, i. 91, 297 ; and Corp. Rec., iiL

ed or Silenced Ministers, ii. 417. J. 39; Manuscript Papers, i. 58. S.

Farmer, Genealogical Register, 16. Palmer, Nonconformist's Memorial,

Harvard College Steward's Account- ii. 97. J. Savage, Geneal. Diet i. 89.

THOMAS CROSBY.

Bom 1635, died 1702, aged 67.

Thomas Crosby, B. A., of Eastham and of Harwich,
Massachusetts, oldest son of Simon and Ann Crosby,
was born in England. In 1635, when eight weeks old,
he was taken on board the "Suzan and Ellin" by his
father, who came to Massachusetts and settled in Cam-
bridge on what was afterward known as the Brattle estate,
part of which is now occupied by the University Press.

The latest college charges against the graduate are
on quarter-day, 9 December, 1653, for "discontinuances
6 quarters and fier and Candell £1 12s," with 3s. ^d.
for "Commones & Sizinges," the latter charge probably
being for sizings only.

Several payments on his account were made in Indian
corn "by John Couper"; others by "Deackon Trusdell
of boston," "Deacken Stone of Cambridge," and by
"goodman Longhorne," the town drummer. One item

THOMAS CROSBY. 383

put to his credit is "a Cowe which did amount to 5V'
and he is charged with "Payd to goodman Longhorne
by killinge a Cow, 4*."

In 1655 the Reverend John Mayo, of Eastham, hav-
ing been called to settle over the Second Church in Bos-
ton, Crosby succeeded him, being " 'employed to conduct
public service on Lord's days'; to whom was promised
a salary of £50 per annum." He continued his minis-
terial labors till 1670 without being ordained. Subse-
quently he became a merchant in Harwich. He was
found dead in bed at Boston, 27 June, 1702.

By his wife, Sarah, he had twins and triplets, besides
seven other children.

WORKS.

The Work of a Christian. | | An Important Case | of |

Practical Religion: | Or, Directions | How to make Religion one's
Business. | Found in the Hand- Writing of the truly | Religious
Mr. Thomas Crosby, | Educated at Harvard College in Cam*
bridge. I Sometime a Preacher of God's Word, and | afterward a
Merchant in Harwich in N. £. | Who Died Suddenly at Boston,
June 27. I 1702. I Accompanied with another Discourse on Prep-
aration for Sudden Death; | which also bears this Company | in
the present Publication. || Boston. 1736. sm. i2mo. pp. 34.
The Discourse, pp. 17-28, has the following separate title: —
An Important Case | of | Practical Christianity, | Daily and
Deeply to be Considered | by every Christian: | Or, | A Brief
Discourse on that Question, | Seeing no Man hath one Days
certainty | of Life, what may we do to be secured | from being
surpriz'd by Death ? | Found in the Hand-writing of the Exem- |
plary Religious, | Mr. Thomas Crosby, | Of Harwich. | Who
Died very Suddenly at his Friends House in Boston, (going to Bed
well at I Night, was found Dead in the Morning) | June 27.
1702. P.

Authorities. — S. G. Drake, Re- Account-Books^ i. 93. New England

suit of Researches, 25. J. Farmer, Histor. and Genealog. Reg., vi. 44 ;

Genealogical Register, 73. J. E. x. 159. E. Pratt, Comp. History of

Freeman, History of Cape Cod, ii. Eastham, 23. J. Savage, Genealogi-

35^» S^S- Harv. College Steward's cal Dictionary, L 477.

CLASS OF 1654.

PHILLIP NELSON.

Born about 1633, died 1691, aged about 58.

Phillip Nelson, B. A., of Rowley, Massachusetts,
born in England about 1633, was the only graduate in
1654. He probably came to New England in 1638
with his father, Thomas Nelson, in the company of the
Reverend Ezekiel Rogers and others, who settled at
Rowley, and was the first person from that place who
received a collegiate education. The father, being called
"to make a voyadge into Ould England," made his will,
24 December, 1645, giving to his "oldest son Phillip a
double portion," besides "ten pound w*** was giuen him
by my Aunt Katherine fVitham^ & his plate marked with
his own name P. N:," and directing that "if/: Belling-
ham, Esq., & my honoured vncle Richard Dumer^ gent.,"
whom he appoints his executors, "shall haue the educa-
tion of my son Phillip Nelson & Thomas Nelson.'*

In addition to the ordinary college expenses, the grad-
uate is charged in his Freshman year is. 4d. for "a knife
att m' Angeirs payd for by y* Steward"; in his Sopho-
more year, "Puneshd by the Psidente" £1 is. 6d., and
"Payd to frances mor for shooe mendinge" is. 2d.;
and in the Junior year, for "Tuition study rent beed"
and "mending glasse windowes," lis. 6d.; and, what is
noticeable, the only omission of a quarter-bill during his

PHILLIP NELSON. 385

connection with the College occurs immediately after the
date of the last item.

The payments on nearly all his bills were made by
** Jonathan hides," "Sam hides/' and "goodman vnder-
wood," in "wheatt," Indian corn, rye, "malte," "beafFe,"
"a Calfe," 12s. 6d., "a fatt Cow," £5 15s., "a old Cow,"
^£4 5s., etc.

At the end of the account the College Steward writes:
**The wholl sume scnce his Entrance Into the Colledge
is 55-17-07."

As the last charges are dated "8 September, 1654,"
he probably returned to Rowley immediately after grad-
uating.

He was soon appointed to offices of honor and trust.
In a few years he became engaged in a long and vexa-
tious controversy between the minister and the widow
of his predecessor, the Reverend Ezekiel Rogers. In
1660 the Selectmen of Rowley levied a tax of sixty
pounds to pay Rogers's salary "for the then current year,
which began in April: in January he died, about three
months before the expiration of the year; soon after
his death, the selectmen recalled the tax list from the
collector ... and made a new assessment of £50, com-
mitting the list to the same collector," with instructions
to pay Rogers's widow forty-five pounds for the three
fourths of a year preceding her husband's death, and
Samuel Phillips, H. U. 1650, the remaining five pounds.

<<i

in consideration of his having carried on the work of
the ministry alone, during Mr. Rogers's sickness, &c."
Mrs. Rogers "accused Phillips of receiving and retaining
£5, which of right belonged to her." Nelson, although
"all the selectmen were well agreed in reducing the tax
list," and the new list was written by himself, under-
took to assist her in enforcing her claim. The contro-
versy, details of which have already appeared on pages

25 (Printed 1879, Much 19.]

386 CLASS OF 1654.

222-226, in the notice of Phillips, was continued nearly
eighteen years, and finally resulted in Phillips's favor.

According to Gage, Nelson was also "the occasion of
other difficulties in the church by pretending to cure a
deaf and dumb boy in imitation of our Saviour, by
saying Epphatha. The .ministers of the neighbouring
churches were called together, and the boy was brought
before them, to see whether he could speak or not.
He was interrogated, but 'there he stood,' says the
church records, Mike a deaf and dumb boy as he was/"

May 3, 1665, Nelson was made freeman.

In the laying out of "the village lands," in 1666 or
1667, Nelson had "2000 acres; bounded by Andover
line on the southwest; the line of the Merrimack land
on the northwest," etc. In 1670, of the Merrimack
lands there were laid out to him "between Newbury
line, and Mr. Rogers's farm," "483 acres, 67 rods nde
at the river and wider at the Rowley line," being "ele-en
hundred rods, or three miles, and one hundred and forty
rods in length." ^ *

October 15, 1673, Nelson was appointed by the Gen-
tt-al Court " leiftennant . . . to the military company at
Rowley," Samuel Brocklebank, who was killed at Sud-
bury in April, 1676, being at the same time appointed
Captain. May 5, 1676, "in answer to the motion of
Phillip Nelson, relating to the strengthening of Brad-
ford garrison," the General Court "ordered, that the
majo' generall send them out of Rouley twelve men,
according to their owne proposition, to be at the chardg
thereof themselues."

September 16, 1687, Nelson, as ^^ Justice of the Peace in
EsseXy** gave information to Governor Andros that the
town of Rowley chose John Pearson a commissioner to
join the Selectmen in the assessment of taxes ordered
by him and his Council, but Pearson "afterward finding

PHILLIP NELSON. 387

it inconvenient to attend/' and at a subsequent meeting
the vote of Ipswich refusing to choose a commissioner
having been read, the town thereupon voted not to elect
a substitute. ^^Upon the foregoing information being
given, the selectmen were called upon to recognize in
the sum of £ioo to appear before the Governor and
Council."

Andros declared titles to estates invalidated by the
vacating of the charter, and required new titles to be
taken out, at great expense. Nelson appears to have
been the only person in Rowley who submitted. He
sent a petition to Andros, that, on paying a quit rent,
he might be allowed a patent for his estate, "consisting
of a tenem^, containing a house, barn, orchard, and
fourteen acres of upland, a cfertain tract of Arable
4 Land of about six acres, ^ and another oF eight acres, as
also fourteen acres of salt marsh, and five acres of fresh
meadow, and also of three score and six acres of wood-
land in divers places, and a certain tenem*, consisting of
a Mill, and^ the houses and edifices thereto belonging,
and land adjoinning thereto of about forty-six acres, the
same tracts lying and being in the said Town of Rowley."

In Sir William Phips's unsuccessful expedition against
Quebec in 1690, Nelson commanded the thirty non-
commissioned officers and soldiers furnished by Rowley.
On his return he was blown off the coast to Barbadoes.
In anticipation of this expedition, he made his will
9 April, 1690, appointing his wife Elizabeth his "ex-
equtrix," and his "Louinge brother Nehemiah Jewet of
Ipswitch exequitor, ioint with he'." According to the
inventory he died 20, but Gage says 19, August, 1691.

Of more than one hundred and thirty parties in Rowley
assessed for taxes, according to an order, 9 June, 1691,
there were but five whose estates paid more than his.

June 24, 1657, he married Sarah, daughter of Joseph

388 CLASS OF 1654.

Jewett, of Rowley, and had Philip, born 1659, besides
a daughter. January i, 1666—7, ^^ married Elizabeth^
born 16 February, 1646, daughter of John Lowell, of
Newbury, by his second wife, Elizabeth Goodale, and had
John, born in 1668, and perhaps other children. It has
been said that he had a third wife, Mary, widow of John
Hobson; but this is not probable, Elizabeth being the
wife named in his will.

AxrrHORiTiES. — Essex County Books, i. 97. Mass. Bay Records,

Probate Records, V. 364. Essex In- iv. (ii.) 567; v. 92, 233, 336. New

stitute, Historical Collections, v. 204 ; England Historical and Genealogical

vi. 37t 39- J« Farmer, Genealogical Register, iii. 239, 267 ; vii. 86, By.

Rowley, 68, 72, 152, 158-163, 179, ii. 438; iii. 126,267. E. Washburn,

19^* 347> 348} 3^ 3^7f 399> 4i<^ Judicial History of Massachusetts,

41 1 . Harv. ColL Steward's Account- 101.

CLASS OF 1655.

Gershom Bulkeley,

Mordecai Mathews.

GERSHOM BULKELEY.

Died 17 13, aged about 78 (?).

Rev. Gershom Bulkeley (so written by himself),
M. A., of New London, Wethersfield, and Glastenbury,
in Connecticut, born, perhaps, at Concord, Massachu-
setts, 2 December, 1636, or 2 January, 1637, or it may
have been a year earlier, half-brother of John Bulkley,
H. U. 1642, was son of the Reverend Peter Bulkley,
who came to New England in 1635, in the "Suzan and
Ellin*'; his mother, Grace, a second wife, being daughter
of Sir Richard Chitwood, or, as anciently spelt, Chetwodc.

He is the earliest graduate of whose college accounts,
which embrace an unprecedented variety and number of
items, the Steward's books contain a full record from
the time of admission, when there is a charge of one
shilling for "Entrance," till 5 September, 1656, the date
of his last quarter-bill. One charge is, "Payd to Sam
grean for a Ps [?] book alminackes and Cuttinge his
haire," and another for "shoo-mending." July 8, 1655,
he is charged with "detrementes* for the two winter

' The word ''detriment" appears 326 was printed, I have found, in the

from this time to be substituted for handwriting of President Wadsworth,

''discontinuance," the charge being an Index to old college records or

the same. Since the note on page memoranda, some of which have dis-

390 CLASS OF 1655.

quarters desem march los." The credits are rye, Indian,
"wheatt," " wheatte-meall," butter, cheese, "appclles,"
"backen," "beafF," "turkey henes," "lambes," "sheepc,"
"on Cow," "on oxe," "430* bords," etc.

The word "Socius" is affixed to his name, doubtless
properly, as it is in all the catalogues of the graduates,
though I do not find his appointment as Fellow on the
College records.

In 1661, after preaching at New London several
months, as successor of Richard Blinman, Miss Caulkins
says he "entered into a contract," containing, however,
"no reference to a settlement or ordination," "to become
the minister of the town," on "a salary of £So yearly
for three years, and afterward more, if the people found
themselves able to give more, or * as much more as God
shall move their hearts to give, and they do find it need-
ful to be paid.' It was to be reckoned in provisions
or English goods; and for the first three years he was
to have 'all such silver as is weekly contributed by
strangers, to help towards the buying of books.' The
town was to pay for the transportation of himself, family,
and effects from Concord; provide him with a dwelling-
house, orchard, garden, and pasture, and with upland
and meadow for a small farm; supply him yearly with
fire-wood for the use of his family, and *do their en-
deavor to suit him with a servant-man or youth, and a
maid, he paying for their time,' " If he died in the

appeared. Among the references are the latter reference being to a gradu-

*^ Detriment^ 55. a quarter for those ate of Yale College who received the

who live out of ColL A. D. 1660. B. 2. degree of Master of Arts at Harvard

p. 21," and "that every one who College in 1709. "Detriments from

stands for his second degree, & has Masters, might be remitted by y«

not resided at coll. for y* 3 years pre- President for An. 1693. B. 4. p. 7,"

ceeding, shall pay to the coll. 20*- De- and "not to be paid. 17 17. by schol

trifnenty & so proportionably &c. B. 4 ars y^ could not get room in y* Col-

p. 9. See p. 35. at m' Jared Eliot," lege, B. 4. p. 60.*

GERSHOM BULKELEY. 39 1

ministry, his wife and children were to receive sixty
pounds sterling.

"To obviate some difficulty which occurred in build-
ing the parsonage," Bulkeley afterward offered "to pro-
vide himself with a house, and free the town from the
engagement to pay £60 to his family in case of his de-
cease, for the sum of £80 in hand." The proposition
was acceded to, though, " *in case he remove before ... 7
yeer, he is to return the 80/. agen, but if he stay the 7
yeere out, the 80/. is wholly given him, or if God take
him away before this tyme of 7 yeeres, the whole is
given his wife and children.' "

February 25, 1663-4, it is agreed, "that henceforward
Mr. Buckley shall have sixe score pound a yeere, in
provision pay, good and marchandable, he freeing the
towne from all other ingagements."

February 25, 1664-5, t:here appeared to be some un-
easiness,' for the town voted that "they were willing to
leave Mr. Bulkley to the libertye of his conscience with-
out compelling him or enforcing him to anything in the
execution of his place and office contrarye to his light
according to the laws of the commonwelth."

June 10, 1665, "The Towne understanding Mr.
Buckleys intention to goe into the B^y have sent James
Morgan and Mr. Douglas to desire him to stay untill

* J. Hammond Trumbull writes : of Connecticut I find a hint of the

" Uneasiness was, just then, an epi- uneasiness at New London in The

demic in Connecticut It grew out (MS.) Diary of Thomas Minor of

of opposition to the * half-way cove- Stonington, who *was informed/

nant' and (what was termed) 'the March 23, 1663-64, 'that Mr. Buck-

presbyterial way ' of consociation rec- ley would be at the Fast at R. H. his

ommended by the Synod of 1662; house, and would be helpfuU to

and speciaUy, out of the action of the gather a church after the Presbyte-

Connecticut General Court in Octo- riall way, 24th day of March.'
ber, 1664 (see Conn. Col. Rec., i. 437- " Bulkley's successor at New Lon-

438), favoring the adoption of the don . . . was no friend of the presby-

half-way covenant by the churches tcrial way."

2^2 CLASS OF 1655.

seacond day com seventnight which day the Towne have
agreed to ask againe Mr. Fitch to speake with him in
order to know Mr. Buckleys mynde fullye whether he
will continue with us or no to preach the gospell." The
application was unsuccessful and, 10 July, measures were
taken to obtain another minister.

February 26, 1665—6, "Mr. Douglas and goodman
Hough are voted by ye Towne to demand the 80 pound
of Mr. Buckley which he stands ingaged to pay to ye
towne."

There seems to have been no ill feeling between
Mr. Bulkeley and the people, for, " though he had ceased
to be considered as their minister, he remained in the
town, and occupied the pulpit with acceptance until a
successor was obtained"; moreover, on the day when
the committee was appointed to "demand the 80 pound,"
it was "voated and agreed that Mr. Buckley for his
time and paines taken in preaching the word of God
to us since the time of his yeere was expired shall have
thirty pounds to be gathered by a rate."

Miss Caulkins says: **The thirty pounds voted him
by the town, was relinquished, in part payment of the
eighty pounds for which he stood indebted. The town
was inveterate and persevering in its attempts to recover
the remaining fifty pounds, and kept up the dunning
process until Mr. Bulkley, in 1668, mortgaged his house
and lot to Samuel Shrimpton of Boston, and obtained
means to liquidate the debt."

In 1666 Bulkeley was succeeded in the ministry at
New London by Simon Bradstreet, H. U. 1660, for
whose immediate accommodation "the house vacated by
Mr. Bulkley was hired for one year from April 1, 1667."

June I, 1666, "At a town meeting in Wethersfield,
it was voted and agreed that there should forthwith a
letter be sent (by M' John Alyn,) to M' Gershom

GERSHOM BULKELEY. 393

Bulkeley, at New London, to invite and request him to
come and to be helpful to us, and to settle among us in
the work of the ministry, if God shall incline his heart
thereto. The townsmen were chosen of the town to
write the aforesaid letter . . . and to sign it in the name
and behalf of the town." He accepted the invitation,
on condition that he should have a colleague. Samuel
Stone was accordingly associated with him till 9 June,
1669, when Stone was discharged, and 27 October Bulke-
ley was ordained "by M' Joseph Rowlandson [H. U.
1652] and M' Samuel Willard," H. U. 1659.

Bulkeley's talents and attainments gave him influence,
and he was frequently appointed by the General Court on
committees to settle ecclesiastical and civil controversies.

In July, 1675, he participated in the opposition to
Governor Andros, who came from New York to Say-
brook, ostensibly to protect the inhabitants against the
Indians, but really to get control of the part of Con-
necticut claimed by the Duke of York. "The letters
addressed to the General Court" on this subject, which
are printed in the Public Records of Connecticut, ii. 582-
584, "are in" Bulkeley's "handwriting, and suggest
that he was magna pars of this affair, which was very
adroitly managed." Andros's purposes were defeated.

During a great part of Philip's war Bulkeley served
with the Connecticut troops. October 20, 1675, *
movement being projected against the Indians, the Gen-
eral Court order him "to be improued in this present
expedition, to be chyrurgion to our army"; and, i De-
cember, the Council "commissionat Major Treat to take
the conduct of o' army, and to take speciall care of the
Reverend Mr. Bulkly and Mr. [James] Noyse." The
labors of these men were not merely professional, for
the surgeon and chaplain, with the commissioned oflicers,
constituted the council of war.

394 CLASS OF 1655.

January 14, 1675-6, "The Councill appointed Mr.
John Brackett of Wallingford, to goe forthw* to New
London, there to take care of and assist in the dressing
of the wounded men, in the absence of Mr. Bulkley
whilst he goeth out w*** the army."

January 26, Bulkeley took his departure with Treat
and his forces on an expedition against the Indians, and
was absent till 5 February.

February 18, another expedition being planned, Bulke-
ley received orders "to hasten up to goe forth with
the army." Early in March he was wounded in the
thigh, a sudden attack being made on the forces by a
small party of Indians in the vicinity of Wachusett, now
Princeton, Massachusetts. March 27, Israel Chauncy,
H. U. 1 66 1, then chaplain, wishing to be relieved on
account of death and sickness in his family, writes: "I
hope my brother Bulkly, provided he have an easy and
able horse, will attend the army, upon their present
motion ; only, if it be expected, he doth desire care may
be taken for an easy horse, and that it may be sent
him this night."

April 10, 1676, "Bulkly is granted liberty to trans-
port 60 bush: corn to Boston on Mr. Goodall's Ketch,
to purchass som necessaries and phissicall druggs"; the
scarcity of corn in Connecticut being so great that the
General Court had restricted its exportation. October
10, 1677, probably for the same object, he had "liberty
to transport two hundred of deere skinns out of this
Colony this next yeare, any law to the contrary notwith-
standing."

May 13, "being informed that sundry wounded men
are come to Mr. Bulckly," the General Court "desired
Mr. Bulckly to take the care and trouble of dressing the
s^ wounded souldiers till God bless his endeauoures with
a cure; and Mr. Stone is desired and ordered to assist

GERSHOM BULKELEY. 395

Mr. Bulkley in the worke of the ministry so long as
Mr. Bulkly shall be improved as before."

Having been again, 15 May, "appoynted chirurgeon of
the army," he accompanied Major John Talcott, who
marched, early in June, with about two hundred and
fifty English soldiers and two hundred Mohegan and
Pequot Indians from Norwich to Wabaquasset, where
they destroyed the fort and about forty acres of corn.
"From thence," writes Talcott, "made Chanagongum
[Dudley], in the Ninap [Nipmuck] country, on the 5th
of June, and took 52 of the enemy, of which 19 slain
and one shot and made an escape; and on the 6th in-
stant made towards Quabaug and gained it on the 7th
day about 12 o'clock; took 2 of the enemy. . . . We
sent 27 women and children to Norwich. . . . This eighth
instant we made Hadley." June 12, about seven hun-
dred Indians, ignorant of the arrival of so large a body
of troops, made an assault on Hadley and were driven
off. The Massachusetts forces, who had been delayed,
arriving soon afterward, the woods on both sides of the
Connecticut River were scoured, and, 20 June, Talcott
returned to Connecticut, a fortnight after which he was
killing and capturing Indians with great success in Rhode
Island, Bulkeley probably continuing with him.

January 2, 1676-7, the Council of Connecticut return
Bulkeley "their hearty thankes ... for his good service to
the country this present war, and doe order the Treas-
urer to pay unto him the sume of thirty pownds as an
acknowledgment, . . . besides the sattisfying of those that
haue supplyed his place in the ministry."

October 20, 1676, the town of Wethersfield, "being
informed by their Reverend pastor, M' Bulkeley, that
it was too hard for him and beyond his powers, by
reason of the weakness of his voice to carry on the
whole work of the ministry among us — did therefore

396 CLASS OF 1655.

by vote declare themselves freely willing to provide an-
other minister to assist him, and to be a comfort and
help to him in that work, and did declare it to be their
desire that their Reverend pastor would aiFord them his
advice and direction respecting a meet person for that
work, for which they shall be thankful to him, and take
it into serious consideration."

"Although Mr. Bulkley was in the pastoral office"
at Wethersfield "about ten years, nothing is known of
the history of the church during his ministry. It does
not appear, however, that anything occurred to inter-
rupt its harmony, or hinder its prosperity. Mr. Bulk-
ley was dismissed, at his own request, in the early part
of 1677," and was succeeded in the same year by the
Reverend Joseph Rowlandson, who had taken part in his
ordination. He removed to Glastenbury, on the east
side of the Connecticut River, where he practised medi-
cine and surgery, to which and to politics he thencefor-
ward devoted himself.

In 1679 he was Deputy from Wethersfield to the
General Court.

He is "identified," says Chapin, "with the history
of the Naubuc farms, by the great case of Bulkley and
HoUister, which was before the General Court in 1684
and 1685, and which led to a re-survey of all the Mots'
from Hartford line to Nayaug, by order of the General
Court, and which has been preserved in the Archives of
the State."

Notwithstanding all the experience in the Colony of
Bulkeley's distinguished ability as a surgeon, I find the
following license issued 14 October, 1686: "This Court
being well acquainted with the ability, skill and knowledg
of Mr. Gershom Bulckley, in the arts of phissick and
chirurgery, doe grant him full and free liberty and license
to practice in the administration of phissick and chirur-

GERSHOM BULKELEY.

397

gene as there shall be occassion and he shall be capeable
to atend."

Though the General Court as early as lo May, 1666,
requested the Deputy-Governor to administer the free-
man's oath to Bulkeley among others, and he was after-
ward Deputy from Wethersfield, he says in 1689 that
he is "no freeman of the Colony."

He received from Andros a commission as Justice of
the Peace for the County of Hartford, which "was of
course vacated by the revolution." He was an earnest
advocate of Andros's policy at this time, and in a paper
of "Objections," etc., of which he was the author, he
declares himself "no Morellian nor Oliverian Republican,
but a true friend to the true, legal English monarchy";
and his "subsequent writings," says J. H. Trumbull
"bear evidence that his loyalty was of the high-tor)
and passive obedience type."

He died i or 2 December, 17 13. The Boston News
Letter, in announcing his death, represents him as being
"Eminent for his great Parts, both Natural and Ac-
quired, being Universally acknowledged, besides his good
Religion and Vertue, to be a Person of Great Penetra-
tion, and a sound Judgment, as well in Divinity as Poli-
ticks and Physick; having Served his Country many
Years successively as a Minister, a Judge, and a Physitian
with great Honour to himself and advantage to others,"
and adds, "He was Born in England, ... lived to the
Age of 78 Years"; the Wethersfield Records, according
to Hinman, making him "77 years and 11 months old."

His monument is said to bear the following inscription:

"He was honorable in his descent, of rare abilities,
extraordinary industry, excellent in learning, master of
many languages; exquisite in his skill in divinity, physic,
and law, and of a most exemplary and Christian life.
"In certam spem beatae resurrectionis repositus."

^gS CLASS OF 1655.

In the Boston Athenaeum is a mutilated broadside
containing several poetical effusions upon Bulkeley, with
the name "Johannes Jamesius Londinensis. Brookfield
Decemb. 7. 17 13" attached, of which the following are
specimens.

"On the DEATH of the very learned, Pious and Excelling |
Gcrshom Bulkley Esq. M. D. | Who had his Mortality swal-
lowed up of Life, December the Second 171 3. Aetatis Suae 78. |

"Sanctus erat Quanquam Lucas, Medicusque, Sepulchri
Jura subit, factus Victima dira necis:

A Saint thd Luke, and a Physician too^
Struck Sail to Deaths as other Mortals do.

[I]

"T TTOW vast acquests of Learnings store "j

I 1 Had he amass'd! still gathering more: V

1 I Resolved therein ne'r to be Poor. )

Jurist, Divine, and Med'cines Votary \

Where's he in each him matcht, or came but nigh >
That had them all in a Transcendency? )

His Graces and his Vertues brave

A Golden tincture thereto gave :

And do perfume his Precious Name,

That all who know and hear the same;

Thereto such Epithets will give,

That he tho' Dead, Renown'd will Live.

[2]

^^Gershom^ no more! Fatigues & Hazards past:
He's safe arrived to th* Promised Land at last
In Heavens Academy, he
Adeptist: O how glad to be!
Where none do longer rack their Brains
In quest of Scientifick Gains.
He in a Nobler Orb does move
Encyclopedian Tract Above ;

' Exodus ii. 22.

GERSHOM BULKELEY. 399

That Atmosphere beyond now got^

(Farewell bid to Connecticot

Of Revolutions strange the spot)

Has in Immanuers Land his Lot:>
Where the dire and malignant Aspects fail
Shed from Medusa's Head and Dragons Tail."

" A Pure Extract and Quintessential wrought,
XjL The Caput Mortuum is hereto brought.
Brave Chymist Death! how Noble is thine Art?
The Spirits thus who from the Lees canst part,
'By Sacred Chymistry the Spirit must
'Ascend, and leave the Sediment to Dust/"

B. Trumbull says: "Mr. Bulkley was viewed as one of
the greatest physicians and surgeons then in Connecticut."

Charles Chauncy, H. U. 1721, writes: "I have heard
[him] mentioned as a truly great man, and eminent for
his skill in chemistry."

J. H. Trumbull says: "Bulkeley had few superiors in
the colony, in natural ability, professional learning, or
general scholarship. . . . Overweening self-importance, ob-
stinate adherence to his own opinions or prejudices, a
litigious spirit, and the peculiarities of his political creed,
detracted from his usefulness, and kept him almost con-
stantly at strife with his parish, his neighbours, or the
government of the colony."

Palfrey says: "He was always a discontented and
troublesome person, and what he has written respecting
these times is to be read with large allowance for his
being a bigoted partisan of Andros."

Chapin says: "As a minister, Mr. B. was of the first
class, while as a physician he stood at the head of the
profession. He devoted much time to chemistry with
its useful researches, and to philosophy as a cardinal
branch of medical knowledge. Even to alchemy, with
its visionary speculations, then so closely allied to chem-

4CX) CLASS OF 1655.

istry, he seems to have paid considerable attention. He
was master of several languages, among which may be
reckoned the Greek, Latin, and Dutch .

"He was a man of peace, but at the same time was
one who expected unqualified obedience to authority. A
slight questioning of this led to his resignation of the
parish of New London, and something of the kind may
have operated at Wethersfield. At least, as a politician
he was opposed to the assumption of the government by
the colonial authorities in 1689, after the time of Sir
Edmund Andrus. The political sagacity and foresight
of Mr. B. enabled him to foresee that the course the
colonists were pursuing would finally lead to the triumph
of those democratic principles which they all disavowed,
and consequently he set his face against them.'*

An engraving of his coat of arms may be found in
Whitmore's Elements of Heraldry.

A considerable part of his library, mostly medical, is
in the Library of Trinity College at Hartford.

October 24 or 26, 1659, Bulkeley married, at Concord,
Massachusetts, President Charles Chauncy's oldest daugh-
ter, Sarah, a native of Ware, England, who died 3 June,
1699. Their children were Catharine, who married
Richard Treat, of Wethersfield; Dorothy, who married
Thomas Treat, of Glastenbury; Charles, a physician;
Peter, lost at sea; Edward, born 1672; John, a graduate
in 1699.

WORKS.

I. The People's | Right to Election. | or Alteration of Govern-
ment in Connecticott, | Argued | in a Letter; | By Gershom Bulkeley,
Esq ; one of their Majesties Justices of the peace | in the County
of Hartford. || Philadelphia, Printed by Assignes of William Brad-
ford, anno 1689. 4'^* PP* 'S*

"This rare tract (of which the only copies known ... are those
in the library of the British Museum and in that of George Brin-
ley, Esq., of Hartford,) " is reprinted, from the latter copy, in the

GERSHOM BULKELEY. 4OI

Collections of the Connecticut Historical Society, i. 57, and ap-
pears again in The Andros Tracts, ii. 83.

2. Some objections against the p'^sent p'tended Governm^ in
Connecticott in N. England in America. Humbly tendered to
consideration by Edward Palms Will. Rosewell. Greshem Bulke-
ly. Sept. 16. 1692. Pages 849-854 of vol. iii. of J. R. Brod-
head's Documents relative to the Colonial History of the State
of New York.

3. "In December, 1692," writes J. H. Trumbull, "these
'Objections' were re-modelled, amplified, much additional matter
introduced, and formally attested by the same individuals who had
subscribed the original paper. The title of *Will and Doom,'
was now prefixed, — 'or the Miseries of Connecticut by and under
an Usurped and Arbitrary Power, being A Narrative of the first
erection and exercise, but especially of the late changes and ad-
ministration of Government, in their Majesties Colony of Con-
necticut,' &c. The preface is dated Dec. 12, 1692, and signed
Philanax*

"In 1703, 'Will and Doom' was placed in the hands of Lord
Cornbury, (who, in concert with Joseph Dudley [H. U. 1665], was
employing every means in his power to procure the abrogation or
forfeiture of the Connecticut charter,) and by him forwarded to
the Lords of Trade, June 30th, 1703, as 'a book writ by Mr.
Buckley, who is an inhabitant of Connecticut,' showing 'the
methods of proceedings in that colony.' " Sir Henry Ashurst
wrote to Governor Winthrop, February, 1704-5, that "one Mr.
Buckley, all by Mr. D's [Dudley's] contrivance has sent a large
folio book, which he calls p' the name of Will and Doom, or a
history, &c. wherein he mightily commends Sir Edmund Andros's
government, and says all the malicious things he possibly can
invent, with great cunning and art." The manuscript is now in
the State Paper Office, in London, whence a copy was procured
for the Connecticut Historical Society.

Trumbull adds: "The title of 'Will and Doom' is derived from
a colony law, made at the September Court, 1689. '^^^ authority
of the revolutionary government had been called in question, and
the collection of rates was likely to be thereby embarrassed. The
Court ordered that if any persons should fail to give in their lists

26 [Printed 1873. June 18.]

402

CLASS OF 1655.

of ratable estate, before the October Court, the listers or General
Court might 'rate them, will and doom^ or at discretion."

Extracts from Will and Doom are printed in the Public Rec-
ords of the Colony of Connecticut, iii. 389, 455.

4. Some Seasonable Considerations for the Good people of Con-
necticut. Printed at New York, 1694. Anonymous.

*'An Answer Thereunto," of which there are copies in the li-
braries of George Brinley and of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, was printed at Boston, in the same year, by order of the
Governor and Assistants, and is reprinted in the Collections of the
Connecticut Historical Society, i. 83- 130. It is entitled, *' Their
Majesties Colony of Connecticut in New England Vindicated,
From the Abuses Of a Pamphlet, Licensed and printed at New
York 1694," etc. ^*Its allusions to the anonymous author of the
^Seasonable Considerations,'" writes Trumbull, ^^ point unmistak-
ably to Bulkeley, -— showing that be was the reputed author, and
in this supposition the Assisunts were not likely to be mistaken."

5. Bulkeley 's descendants have briefs for law cases, medical
prescriptions, and sermons, in his handwriting.

Authorities. —Boston News Let-
ter, 17 13, December 28. G. Brinley,
Utter, 1872, Feb. 13. J. R. Brod-
head, Documents relative to the Co-
lonial Hist of the State of New York,
iii. 849. Catalogue of the Members
of the First Congregational Church in
Wethersfield, 3, 4. F. M. Caulkins,
History of New London, 13 1, 136,
I37> i39» H<^ 185, 186; and of Nor-
wich, III. A. B. Chapin, Glasten-
bury for Two Hundred Years, 39 -42.
C. Chauncy, in Collections of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, x.
155. Connecticut Historical So-
ciety, Collections, i. 57. Connecti-
cut Colony Rec, ed. J. H. Trumbull,
ji. 33, 271, 277, 279, 325, 388, 399,
402, 409, 424, 433, 444, 453, 5^2 ; iii.
26, 163, 167, 173, 218, 388, 389, 455,
510; and ed. C. J. Hoadly, iv. iii.
J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, 47 ;
and American Quarterly Register, ix.
366, J. B. Felt, Ecclesiastical His-

tory of New England, ii. 331, 412,
473, 672, 677, 679. W. C Fowrler,
Memorials of the Chaunceys, 232,
28a N. Goodwin, Foote Family,
xxxix. Harvard College Steward's
Account-Books, i. 105. Historical
Magazine, i. 25a C, J. Hoadly, Let-
ter, 1871, March 7. W. Hubbard,
Indian Wars, ^^, S. Judd, Hist- of
Hadley, 177-179. J. E. Kittredge,
Letters, 1872, March 8, 15, April 4, 9.
L Mather, Brief History of the War
with the Indians in New England, 23.
New England Hist, and GeneaL Reg^
viii. 327 ; ix. 45 ; xvi. 22 ; xxiii. 4591
J, G. Palfrey, Hist, of New England,
iii. 544. J. Savage, Genealogical
Dictionary, i. 290, 291. L. Shattuck,
Hist of Concord, 241. B. Trumbull,
Complete History of Connecticut, i.
310, 346, 492, J. H. Trumbull, Let-
ter, 1872, February 12. W. H. Whit-
more, Elements of Heraldry, 68.

MORDECAI MATTHEWS. 4O3

MORDECAI MATTHEWS.

MoRDECAi Matthews, B. A., was probably son of
the Reverend Marmaduke Matthews, a preacher at Yar-
mouth, in the Colony of Plymouth, from 1639 to 1643,
who went to Hull about 1644, and afterward settled at
Maiden, whence he was obliged to remove in consequence
of persecution by the clergy and General Court, ostensi-
bly on account of the proceedings at his ordination, but
in reality because of his religious sentiments. Subse-
quently, after being employed at Lynn and other places,
he "went home," and died about 1683, at his native
place, Swansea, in Glamorganshire, South Wales.

There were two contemporary residents at the College,
whose accounts were kept under the one entry of " M'
Mathewes."

The first, "mathewes senior," is charged, 12 Septem-
ber, 1651, for "Entrance Into the Colledge," i-s., and
has a continuous account against him for tuition, com-
mons and sizings, study-rent, etc., until "8-4-55."
The second, "mathewes Jeunior," did not take his de-
gree, though, with the exception of the quarter ending
in December, 1653, he has regular charges against him
from 10 December, 1651, to "8-4-55," ^^^ ^^^^ °^ ^^^
last item against the other Matthews; but there is no
mention of an entrance fee, the only items before 10
March, 1654, being commons and sizings, after which
come the regular charges for tuition, and, "8-4-55,"
"paid for goody Sanders of bran tree," 8s.

The sum total of their bills was £49 4Jd., for which
the credits are entered as though there were but one
person. Among the payments are "siluer," "porke,"
"wheatt," "backen," rye, Indian, "suger," butter, "a

404 CLASS OF 1655.

Calfe, los.," "a small fatt Cowe, £4 5s. 6d.," "a small
milch Cow, £4"; one payment being by the "Consti-
pell of watter towne."

All endeavors to obtain further positive information
respecting either of these Matthewses have been unsuc-
cessful. Probably they went to England with their father
soon after the date of their last quarter-bill at the Col-
lege, when the elder of them took his first degree.

The star is prefixed to the graduate's name in the Tri-
ennial Catalogue of 1727, but, as it does not appear in
that of 17 1 5, he probably lived several years in the
eighteenth century.

WORKS.

j Composed for the Glory of God, and the | common Good of

Men, by Mordeca | Matthews, Minister of God's Word at | Roi-
nolston in Glamorganshire. || Boston, N. £. Reprinted in the
Year M,DCC,XXX. 24mo. pp. 12. M.

If this pamphlet, which is in verse, be by the graduate, we learn
from it his profession and residence.

Authorities. — Bi-Centennial ham, History of Charlestown, 121-

Bookof Maiden, 133-143. E. Cal- 129. Harvard College Steward's

amy, Ejected or Silenced Ministers, Account-Books, i. 127. S. Palmer,

ii. 732. J. Fanner, Genealogical Nonconformist's Memorial, ii. 627.

astical History of New England, L (i.)* J* Savage, Genealogical Die-

364; ii. 18, 42, 54, 60, 62, 69. F. tionary, iii. 177. J. Winthrop, His-

Freeman, History of Cape Cod, i. tory of New England, i. 273 ; ii. 175.
202, etc. ; ii. I So, 182. R. Frothing-

CLASS OF 1656.

Eleazar Mather, John Haynes,

Increase Mather, John Eliot,

Robert Paine, ''< Thomas Graves,

Shubael Dummer, John Emerson.

ELEAZAR MATHER.

Bom 1637, died 1669, aged 32.

Rev. Eleazar Mather, B. A., first minister of North-
ampton, Massachusetts, born at Dorchester, Massachu-
setts, 13 May, 1637, was son of the Reverend Richard
Mather, by his first wife, Katharine, daughter of Edmund
Holt, and brother of Samuel Mather, H. U. 1643, ^^
Nathaniel Mather, H. U. 1647, and of his classmate.
Increase Mather.

The two brothers, Eleazar and Increase, entered col-
lege together, and appear as "The mathers" on the
Steward's Account-Books, which show only three quar-
ter-bills against them; the first, on which they are
charged "by their Admition Into the Colledg," being
dated "i 1-4-52," and the last " 10-10-52.'* The cred-
its are "20 bush of wheatt" £5, "a blacke Cow from
george badcook" £5 12s., and "a fatt Cow from george
badCook to goodm longhorn" £5 12s.

May 26, 1658, the General Court, "being solicjted,
by one of the inhabitants of Northampton in the name

406 CLASS OF 1656.

of the rest, to coinend their condition, wanting an able
minister of the gospell to administer the things of God
vnto them, to the reuerend elders, w^ this Court take
themselves bound to further what Ijeth in theire power,
and vnderstanding that some of the sajd inhabitants haue
an eye vnto M' Eliazer Mather as a fitt man to admin-
ister the things of God vnto them, this Court judge th
it meete to declare y*, in case God so encljnes the harts
of those who are concerned therein, y* M' Mather goe
vnto North Hampton to minister vnto the inhabitants
there in the things of God, they both approove thereof^
& shall be ready at all times to encourage him in that
service as there shall be occasion, in whatsoeuer may
rationally and meetly be expected."

June 7, 1658, the inhabitants of Northampton unani-
mously voted to desire him "to be a minister to them
in a way of trial in dispensing his gifts." In December
it was voted to raise one hundred pounds to build a
house, and 4 January, 1659, to lay out eighty acres of
meadow for the ministry. Mather preached three years,
till 18 or 23 June, 1661, when a church was organized
and he was ordained.

Increase Mather writes: "// is well known that he was
a Common Father unto all those Plantations in this Wilder-
nesSy where God had cast his Habitation. He was for sev-
eral yearSy very much exercised with inward^ spiritual Temp-
tations. Temptation {said Luther) maketh a Divine \ It
doth so indeedy though it may be the Temptations are sometimes
Horribillia de Deo, Terribillia de Fide. The Lord did
sanctifie the Temptations of this my BrotheVy so as to keep
him humble and low thoughted of himself; And doubtless
they were one Reason of his being such an inward searching
Preacher y as I know not whether he hath left any amongst
uSy in that respect going beyond him. Howbeity just before
his last sicknesSy God did graciously lift up the Light of his

ELEAZAR MATHER. 407

Countenance and shine in upon his SouL For the last words
which I find written in his Diary, are these^ July lo, 1669.
*This Evening if my heart deceive me not, some sweet
workings of Soul after God in Christ, according to the
Terms of the Covenant of grace; The general and In-
definite expression of the Promise was an encourage-
ment to look to Christ, that he would do that for me,
which he hath promised to do for some, and I need as
much as any; The Lord hath not excluded me, nor
dare I exclude myself. But if the Lord will help I
desire to lye at his Feet, and accept of grace in his own
way, and to wait his own Time, through his Power en-
abling of me; Though I am dead, without strength,
help or hope in myself, yet the Lord requireth nothing
at my hand in my own strength, but that by his Power
I should look to him, to work all my works in me and
for me. When I find a dead heart the thoughts of this
are exceeding sweet and reviving, being full of grace, and
discovering the very heart and love of Jesus.' These
were {so far as doth appear^ the last words that ever he
wrote in his Life. The next day^ finding himself not welly
he set his House in order ^ his sickness proving a violent
Feaver. After twelve dayes Conflict with that disease he
went to the Bosome of that lesus^ of whose heart and love
towards him^ he had such a late and blessed discovery.''

Cotton Mather says: "Here he laboured for Eleven
Tears in the Vineyard of our Lord; and then the Twelve
Hours of his Days Labour did expire, not without the
deepest Lamentations of all the Churches, as well as his
own; then sitting along the River of Connecticut. As he
was a very zealous Preacher, and accordingly saw many
Seals of his Ministry, so he was a very pious fValker;
and as he drew towards the End of his Days, he grew
so remarkably Ripe for Heaven, in an Holy, Watchful,
Fruitful Disposition, that many observing Persons did
prognosticate his being not far from his End'*

408 CLASS OF 1656.

He also states, in his " Parentator," that Increase
Mather, 24 July, 1669, "felt a Soul so on the Wing for
Heaven^ for a Night and a Day together, as he had scarce
felt in his Life before; He wrote at the Time, how
strangely his Heart was Moved and Melted within him^
from the Thoughts of Heaven Working there. On the
Third Day after this, Messengers brought him the Heavy
Tidings, that at That very Time^ the Soul of his Brother
Eleazar (above an Hundred Miles off,) which had been
strung so much to an Unison with his. Actually took
Wing for the Heavenly Worlds

September 29, 1659, he married Esther, baptized 8 De-
cember, 1644, youngest daughter of the Reverend John
Warham, of Dorchester, and afterward of Windsor, Con-
necticut. They had, besides qther_ children, Warham,
I H. U. 1685; and Eunice^ an only daughter, born 2 Au-
gust, 1664, who married John Williams, H. U. 1683, of
Deerfield, and was killed by the Indians the day after
the destruction of Deerfield in 1704, while on her way
to Canada, with her husband and other prisoners. Mrs*
Mather married her husband's successor, Solomon Stod-
dard, H. U. 1662, and died 10 February, 1736, in the
ninety -second year of her age.

WORKS.

A Serious | Exhortation | to the | Present and Succeeding | Gen-
eration I in I New-England ; | Earnestly calling upon all to Endeav-
our that the Lords | Gracious Presence may be continued with
Posterity. | Being the Substance of the | Last Sermons | Preached |
1 by Eleazar Mather, late Pastor of the Church in | North-
ampton in New-England. || Cambridge : Printed by S. G. and M. J.
1 67 1. 4to. Pp. (5) To the Church and Inhabitants of North-
ampton; by Increase Mather, i. i. 1671 ; and Text pp. 31. T.

Cotton Mather says : " The Dying Words of his Father unto his
Brother^ about the Rising Generation^ caused him," during the few
weeks that he survived him, ^*to preach several Sermons" upon the
subject.

ELEAZAR MATHER. 4O9

In the Dedication Increase Mather writes : '' What is here Pub-
Ushed^ is done from your Pastors Notes^ as left written with his own
hand^ which indeed come every way short of what the same Sermons
were when delivered vivd voce. Had himself emitted them^ they
would have been farre more accurate?^ On one of the copies he
also wrote: "The first Sermon was preached June 13, 1669; the
second, June 27 following ; the third, July 4th ; the fourth and
last, July iith; after which day my brother Eleazer lived not in
health able to preach ; for July 13th he took to his bed, and July
24. he went to rest in the Lord, to keep an everlasting rest in
heaven."

The same. Second Edition. Boston, Printed by John Foster,
1678. 4to. Pp. (2) To the Reader, Boston 28. of 12 m. 1677.
Increase Mather; Text pp. 31. P.

In this edition Increase Mather says : ^^ These Sermons . . . when
first . . . made publick found great acceptance with the Lords People.
As for the second Impression // hath been promoved by the charity of
a pious Gentle woman {a Mother in this Israel) who out of respect to
her own Children and Posterity^ as also the good of the Rising Genera-
tion in New- England^ was desirous (God having put it into her heart)
to encourage the Republication and dispersion of what is here presented"

Authorities. — W. Allen, Second men at Weston, 16. Mass. Bay Rec-

Century Address at Northampton, ords, iv. (i.) 345. C. Mather, Mag-

14. F. B. Dexter, Letter, 1868, May nalia, iii. 150 ; and Parentator, 66. I.

16. T. D wight, Travels, i. 344. Mather, in E. Mather's Serious Ex-

B. B. Edwards, in American Quar- hortation. New England Histor.

terly Register, x. 381, 389. Essex and Genealogical Register, iii. 1765

Institute Historical Collections, viii. v. 244 ; vi. 20 ; viii. 327 ; ix. 45.

166. J. Farmer, in American Quar- T. Prince, Christian History, i. 112.

terly Register, ix. 367. T. M. Harris, J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,

in Collections of the Massachusetts iii. 172, 174; iv. 201, 418. W. B.

Historical Society, ix. 172, 181. Sprague, Annals, i. 159. H. R.

Harv. ColL Steward's Books, i. 129. Stiles, Ancient Windsor, 819. H.

History of Dorchester, 498. J. G. Ware, Jr., Century Discourses, 46.

Holland, Western Massachusetts, i. S. Williams, Historical Sketch of

49 ; ii. 245. S. Kendal, Century Ser- Northampton, 16.

4IO CLASS OF 1656.

INCREASE MATHER,

Bom 1639, died 1723, aged 84.

Increase Mather, D. D., of whom mention has been
made on page 405, in the notice of his brother, Eleazar
Mather, was the first native American who became Presi-
dent of Harvard College. He was the youngest son of
the Reverend Richard and Katharine (Holt) Mather, of
Dorchester, Massachusetts, where he was born ai June,
1639. '^^^ name Increase was given him "because of
the never-to-be-forgotten Increase, of every sort, where-
with GOD favoured the Country, about the time of his
Nativity."

His mother used to tell him, ** while he was yet scarce
more than an Infant^^ that there were only two things
that she desired God to give him, Grace and Learning.
''Child,'' said she, "// GOD make thee a Good Christian
and a Good Scholar, thou hast all that ever thy Mother Asked
for thee. . . . She mightily Inculcated the Lesson of Dili-
gence upon him, and often put him in Mind of that
Word, Seest thou a man Diligent in his Business; He shall
STAND BEFORE KINGS; he shall not stand before mean
men. . . . On her Death-Bed, she Earnestly Exhorted him,
to Resolve upon Serving of CHRIST in the Work of
the Ministry.''

He entered college at the age of twelve, in company
with his brother, Eleazar Mather. In about a year, on
account of his ''Weakly Constitution,' his parents, who
were "willing to have him under a more than Ordinary
Inspection and Instruction, sent him to Live with the
Famous Mr. Norton, at Ipswich; and with him he re-
moved unto Boston A. C. 1653. continuing several Years
a Pupil under him."

INCREASE MATHER. 4I I

In 1654 he was visited "with a sore Disease," which,
he writes, was the "Means of the first Saving Awaken-
ings to my Soul. . . . My Heart sometimes was even Sink-
ing and Dying." I sought "unto GOD, by Fasting as
well as by Prayingy that He would Pardon all the Sins
that were brought unto my Remembrance, and all the other
Sins that I had been Guilty of. . . . At Dorchester ^ shutting
myself up in my Fathers Study, when he was gone
abroad . . . not to Return for a Day or Two ... I wrote
down those Particular Sins which lay most of all upon
my Conscience, and spread them before the Lord in
Secret. ... And I Pleaded hard with GOD that Promise,
which says. That He will take away the Heart of Stone^
and give an Heart of Flesh, . . . Sometimes I was afraid, I
was Guilty of the Unpardonable Sin. ... I was foolishly
ashamed to Acquaint any Body with my Troubles ; . . .
Till at last, not being Able to hold or bear any longer,
the Hand of GOD Pressing me so sore, I Acquainted my
Father with some of my Soul-Distresses, and (Living at
Boston) I wrote unto him, how it was with me, & Begg'd
him to Pray for me." Some time subsequently, "On the
Day of our Anniversary Election^ the Greatest Anniversary
Solemnity of the Countrey, the Scholars which Boarded
at Mr. Nortonsy being all Abroad on their Diversions, I
took this Opportunity of a Private Chamber; and shut-
ting the Door I spent all the Day, in Pouring out my
Complaints unto the Lord." After much anguish and
self-examination, and profit from sermons preached by
Norton, by Mitchel, and by his father, he "went on
cheerfully in the Ways of GOD."

When the time drew near for him to take his bache-
lor's degree, as stated by his son and biographer, Cotton
Mather, "There was for I know not what Reasons of
State, an Order Procured, That the Class whereto he be-
longed, & some others also, should be detained a good

412 CLASS OF 1656.

part of a Year longer at the College, than of right they
should have been. This gave so great a Dissatis&ction,
that no fewer than Seventeen of the Scholars withdrew
from the College without any Degree at all. . • . However
the Father of this Young Man (though greatly Troubled,
as diverse others of the Overseers were, at this Hardship
on the Students,) would not have him take his Name out
of the College-Register, which had been done by others.
And when he afterwards Travelled with a Testimonial^
which Expressed the Year of his Admission^ and not of
his Graduation^ and elsewhere Claimed the Next-Degree^
he found some Reward of his Patience.

"In the Year 1656. he took his First Degree; At which
time the Praesident, [Chauncy,] . . . upon a Dislike of the
Ramaan Strains in which our Young Disputant was car-
rying on his Thesis, would have cut him Short; but
Mr. Mitchel Publickly Interposed, Pergat^ ^^esoj nam-
doctissime disputat^

The next year, "on his Birth-Day , he Preached his
First Sermony at a Village belonging to Dorchester. And
on the next Lord's-Day he Preached in his Fathers
Pulpit at Dorchester: When the whole Auditory were
greatly Affected with the Light and Flame^ in which the
Rare Youth Appear'd unto them."

"At this Time, his Eldest Brother, Mr. Samuel Ma-
ther [H. U. 1643], ...one of the Principal Ministers in
Dubliny wrote unto his Father, to Encourage his going
over unto him. He had a strong Inclination that way;
and Obtained his Fathers Acquiescence. . . • He sail'd
from New-England^ July 3. 1657," for London, and ar-
rived at Dublin in September.

By his brother's "Advice he Entred his Name in Trin-
ity-College^* and " June 24. When he was Nineteen Years
of Age, he Proceeded Master of Arts \ . . . having first Per-
formed the Exercises required by the Statutes. . . . The

INCREASE MATHER. 4I3

Proctor & some of the Fellows^ who were Prelatically
Disposed, gave him all the Discouragement they could,
or durst; because of his being what they called, A Pra-
cisian. Nevertheless the Scholars . . • Publickly Hummed
him ; . . . a Complement that he had never heard Paid unto
any one before. ... By the Influence of the Provost y he
was chosen a Fellow of the College: but he did not Ac-
cept it. Motions came to him from diverse Places, to
come and Preach the Gospel," and he was particularly
befriended by the Lord-Deputy, Henry Cromwell; but
"The Irish Air proved so Disagreeable to his Constitu-
tion," that he returned to England in July, 1658. The
following winter, with the exception of about a month
spent with his brother, Nathaniel Mather, at Barnstaple,
he preached at Great Torrington to the society of John
How, who was then a "Chaplain to the Lord-ProtectorT
In April, 1659, by invitation of Colonel Bingham,
the Governor, he became chaplain to the English gar-
rison at Guernsey, preaching in the morning of every
Lord's Day at the castle, and in the afternoon at the
town called Peters-port. Thence, in December, 1659,
he went to Gloucester. "He was willing to have set-
tled there. But he saw a Change of Times at the Door."
Returning to Guernsey, and Charles the Second coming
into power, rather than "Conform to the Revived Super-
stitions in the Church of England^* he again "took his
leave of that Island, March i. 1660 [1661]. . . . For four
Months he abode partly in Weymouth^ partly in Dor-
Chester^ Preaching in many Places, where he was desired;
. . . but without any Maintenance, or any Recompence. . . .
He was offered a Living of no less than Four Hundred a
Year, if he would Conform^ and Read the Common-Prayer,
This he could not; he durst not." Several opportuni-
ties either to remain in England or to travel with gen-
tlemen on the Continent being declined or frustrated,

414 CLASS OF 1656.

and the times growing more and more unfavorable for
the Dissenters, he "proposed what once there had been
little Hope for; To see his Invaluable Father before he
Died. ... Wherefore on June 29. i66i. he sailed from
Weymouth^ in a Vessel Bound for Newfoundland^^ where,
in "Ten Days, a Vessel bound for New-England Oppor-
tunely Presented," in which he took passage, and on
the evening of Saturday, the last day of August, arrived
at the house of his father in ^^ Dorchester^ very unex-
pected." Here he found his brother, Eleazar Mather,
just come from Northampton. The next day "the
Comforted Old Patriarch, sat Shining like the Sun in
Gemini^ and hearing his two Sons, in his own Pulpit en-
tertain the People of GOD, with Performances, that made
all People Proclaim him. An Happy Father.

"He had now Invitations to as many places," con-
tinues Cotton Mather, "as there are Signs for the Sun
in the Zodiac** During the winter, "he Preached Alter-
nately the one Lords- Day with his Father in Dorchester ^
the other to the New Church in the North-part of Boston^
which anon swept away the prize from the Twelve Com-
petitors."

The first sermon preached by him in Boston was to
this, the Second Church, 8 September, 1661. For a long
time he would not "accept of the teaching ofl[ice, •..
partly," he says, as quoted by Robbins, "out of an awful
sense of the dreadfulness of the bond of office-relations,
partly out of a desire, which was in my heart, to return to
England, had the Lord seen it good." But at last, after
a day spent by the brethren in fasting and prayer "to
entreat the Lord to bow" his "heart to accept of their
call," and an expression by the officers and every one of
the brethren in writing, and of the "inhabitants in this
end of the town," of "their continued desires" for his
settlement, he gave an affirmative answer, with certain

INCREASE MATHER. 4I5

conditions, and was ordained 27 May, 1664: the Rever-
end John Mayo, who was ordained teacher 9 November,
1655, continuing in office until 1672, when, on account
of infirmities, he was released from his duties.

In the spring of 1662, a synod of the churches was held
at Boston, by direction of the General Court, "for the
purpose, chiefly, of considering the question, *who were
the subjects of baptism/" In the words of Peirce, "It
was a question which agitated the whole country; and
the decision of the Synod, which, under certain restric-
tions, allowed that rite to be administered to the chil-
dren of those who were not communicants, was ably de-
fended and opposed by a number of the leading minis-
ters. Mr. Mather," yet a young man, "was among the
opposers of the Synod, and employed his pen against its
proceedings; but he afterwards changed his opinion, and
ingenuously acknowledged himself vanquished by the co-
gent arguments of Mr. Mitchel," H. U. 1647: subse-
quently "Publishing unto the World," says Cotton
Mather, "a Couple of Unanswerable Treatises, in De-
fence of the Synodical Propositions,**

^^ Mather had not long made his entrance upon his
Public Services, before he felt singular Assaults from the
Lion which goes about seeking whom to fall upon. . . . The
more Early Tears of his Ministry were Embittered unto
him, with such Furious & Boisterous Temptations unto
Atheism^ as were Intolerable, . • . Vile Suggestions and In-
fections^ tending to question the Being of" God, "were
shot at him as Fiery Darts from the Wicked one. ... It was
Plain," writes his son, that ^^They were none of his own;
they were plainly of a Satanic Original. . . . Mr. Mather
found the Cudgel, the most Proper Logick for these Temp-
tations; and the best way of Answering them, to be by
Rejecting them and Repelling them with all Possible De-
testation as Infinitely Unworthy to be listned to: and

4l6 CLASS OF 1656.

with a most flat Contradiction of them, to form Thoughts
that still carried in them, the devoutest Acknowlegements
of a GOD, and Applications to Him. Thus he tired out
the Adversary; and the Devil being so Resisted^ anon
fled from K\m.. ..In Remembrance of the old Wormtvood
6f Gaily he much more than half an Hundred Years after.
Published a little Discourse Entituled, There is a GOD
in Heaven.**

These " Temptations . . . were no sooner gone off, but
another sort were brought on." Immediately after he
**got under the Engagements of a Settlement with his
People, . . . they that had the Ordering of those things
grew very slack in Answering their Engagements to
support him with a Tolerable Maintenance** and "he was
Reduced unto Wants and Straits and . . . Depressing Pov-
erty. . . . He had offers of a Settlement, where he might
have mended his Condition in the World; But he gen-
erously refused them, from a Fear lest the fFay of Truth
should be Evil-spoken of** From his Diary it is apparent
that his wants and debts caused him great perplexity and
loss of time, and seriously interfered with his ministerial
duties. "It came to pass," says his biographer, "that at
length he found such Filial Usages from his Church, as
took away from him all room of Repenting, that he had
not . . . Prosecuted a Removal** To quote Peirce again,
"He was rewarded for his patience and perseverance by
an alteration in his circumstances, which, in that respect,
left him nothing afterwards to desire; so that, whatever
he was at any time called upon to do, or wherever to
go, he continued the happy pastor of the same flock as
long as he lived."

Mather's father died at Dorchester, 11 April, 1669,
after a little more than a "Weeks Torture from that
Scourge of Students** the stone. This was followed, 24
July, by the death of his brother, Eleazar Mather, which

INCREASE MATHER. 4I7

as mentioned on page 408, he supposed was "felt" by
him at the ^^very Time'* the Soul "Actually took Wing for
the Heavenly Worlds Going to Northampton "for the
Assistence of the Desolate Widow and People/' he was
seized there, 2 September, with a fever, which brought
him ^^nigh unto I>eath'*\ and he returned to Boston
"under such Languishments, especially from that Com-
prehensive Mischief which they call. The Hypocondriac
Affection^ that he lay confined all the Winter; and his
Recovery to any Service, was by many very much De-
spaired of."

In 1674, the General Court having permitted the es-
tablishment of a printing-press "elswhere then at Cam-
bridge," the Reverend "M' Thomas Thatcher & M'
Increase Mather" were "added vnto the former licensers."

March 11, 1674-5, he "did by the unanimous desire
of the Overseers of the College then assembled accept of
a fellowship."

"Upon a Motion of Mr. Mather in Conjunction with
others excited by him for it, the General Court^' in May,
1679, called a synod, known as the ^^ Reforming Synod**
which convened 10 September, "to consider. What are
the Evils that have Provoked the Lord to bring His Judg-
ments on New- England. And, What is to be done that so
those Evils may be Reformed?** The "Judgments" were
King Philip's War, the small-pox, the fire of 1676, which
was followed by a worse fire in 1679, decay of piety,
and a general falling away from the strict notions and
habits of the first settlers. "The Churches having first
kept a General Fasty . . . the Synod also kept a Day of
Prayer with Fasting; in which Mr. Mather was chose for
one of the Preachers. • . . Several Days were then Spent in
free Discourses on the Two Questions; and at last, a
Result with a Preface^ were agreed unto, which were of
Mr. Mathers drawing up. On the Day, when a Com-

27 (Printed 187a. June 19.]

41 8 CLASS OF 1656.

mittee of the Ministers Presented it unto the General
Courts Mr. Mather Preached a very Potent Sermon, on
the Danger of not being Reformed by these Things^

"On May. 12. 1680. The Synod had a Second Session
at Boston^^ and ^^Mather was chosen their Moderator.^*
Though threatened with a fever, "he kept them so close
to their Business, that in Two Days they dispatch'd it."
A Confession of Faith was agreed upon, the Preface to
which was written by him.

As he recovered from the severe sickness which fol-
lowed, he "grew yet more Abounding in the Work of his
Lord"; and his conduct accorded with what the Apostle
Eliot, not long after the death of Mitchel, urged upon
him: ^^ Brother, The Lord has Bless d you with a Leading
Spirit, as he did Mr. Mitchel, who is gone unto Him. Cer-
tainly 'tis no little Notice, that is taken by our Holy Lord, of
what is done in the Meeting of his Ministers. I pray.
Brother, Lead us in our Meetings: Bring forward as much
Good in them as you can.**

About this time "he formed a Philosophical Society of
Agreeable Gentlemen, who met once a Fortnight for a
Conference upon Improvements in Philosophy and Addi-
tions to the Stores of Natural History ; From which the
Learned Wolferdus ^enguerdius a Professor at Leyden had
some of the Materials, wherewith his Philosophia Natu-
ralis was Enriched"; and communications were trans-
mitted to the Royal Society in London. "But the
Calamity of the Times, anon gave a fatal and a total
Interruption to the Generous Undertaking," the first of
the kind in America.

On the death of President Oakes, in 168 1, the Cor-
poration offered Mather the Presidency of the College;
but as the consent of his society could not be obtained,
he declined it. He officiated, however, at Commence-
ment, and made weekly visits, until the office was filled

INCREASE MATHER, 4I9

by the election of John Rogers, H. U. 1649. After
Rogers's death he was requested by the Overseers, 11
June, 1685, to "take special care for y* Government of
y* CoUedge; and for y* end to act as President till a
further settlem* be orderly made." Thus established in
office, he also continued his pastoral relation to his so-
ciety in Boston.

In the mean time. Mather was put forward to act a
conspicuous part in politics.

In 1683, Massachusetts, having incurred the royal dis-
pleasure, was called upon to surrender its charter, and/
in case of refusal threatened with a quo warranto. The
people were thrown into the utmost alarm and anxiety.
The question was proposed to Mafher, "Whether the
Country could without a plain Trespass against Heaven,
do what was Demanded of them." His reply was in
the negative. When the freemen of Boston met, 23
January, 1683-4, to "give Instructions to their Depu-
ties for the General Court, and the Deputies with others,
desired him to be present, and give them his Thoughts
on the Case of Conscience before them," he spoke thus:
"As the Question is now Stated, Whether you will make
a full Submission and entire Resignation of your Charter and
the Priviledges of it, unto his Majesties Pleasure^ I verily ^
Believe, We shall Sin against the GOD of Heaven if we
Vote an Affirmative unto it. The Scripture teacheth us
otherwise. We know what Jephthah said. That which the
Lord our GOD has given uSy shall we not Possess it ! And
though Naboth ran a great Hazard by the Refusal, yet
he said GOD forbid that I should give away the Inheritance
of my Fathers. Nor would it be Wisdom for us to Com-
ply. We know, David made a Wise Choice, when he
chose to fall into the Hands of GOD rather than into the
Hands of Men. If we make a full Submission and entire
Resignation to Pleasure, we fall into the Hands of Men

4^0 CLASS OF 1656.

Immediately. But if wc do it not, we still keep our-
selves in the Hands of GOD; we trust ourselves with
his Providence: and who knows, what GOD may do for
us ? There are also Examples before our Eyes, the Con-
sideration whereof should be of Weight with us. " Our
Brethren hard by us; what have They gain'd by being
so Ready to part with their Liberties^ but an Accelera- /
tion of their M/jm^j? And we hear (torn London^ that
when it came to, the Loyal Citizens would not make a
full Submission and entire Resignation to Pleasure^ lest their
Posterity should Curse them for it. And shall fFe then
do such a Thing? I hope there is not one Freeman in
Boston, that can be guilty of it ! However I have Dis-
charged my Conscience, in what I have thus Declared
unto you."

"Upon this pungent Speech, many of the Freemen
fell into Tears; and there was a General Acclamation,
fFe Thank yoUj Syr! We thank you, Syr! The Question
was upon the Vote carried in the Negative, Nemine Con-
tradicente; And this Act of Boston had a great Influence
upon all the Country."

fThe agents of the Court became in consequence Ma-
ther's bitter enemies.l Randolph and others intercepted
letters sent by him to' Amsterdam, and, imitating them,
"forged a large Letter* of Three Pages in Folio" writes
his biographer, "full of not on\y Ridiculous^ but also Trea-
sonable Expressions, whereof not one Sentence was his\
and with a Date of, Boston, 10. m. 3. d. 1683. they Sub-
scribed his Name unto it. This Letter was Read before
the King and Council, and Motions were made for Mr.

' This letter, with Mather's letter 702-704, with a criticism on the

in relation to it, and several docu- doubt expressed by Palfrey in his

ments respecting the proceedings History of New England, iii. 556^ as

against Mather, are published in to its being a forgery made with Ran-

the Collections of the Massachusetts dolph*s privity.
Historical Society, xxxviii. loo-iiOy

INCREASE MATHER. 421

Mather^ to be fetch'd over, and made a Sacrifice''; but
they were defeated, perhaps from a suspicion that the
letter was a forgery.

The charter of Massachusetts was annulled, and New
England put under the tyrannical government of Dudley
and Andros. The oppression became intolerable, and
the principal men of Massachusetts determined to send
an agent to lay their grievances before the King. Ma-
ther was selected for this purpose. Randolph and
others were greatly alarmed, and, resolved, if possible, to
prevent his going, arrested him for expressing a sus-
picion that the former was the author of the forged
letter. Having been acquitted, Randolph sent an officer
to arrest him again, upon the same charge; but Mather,
being apprised of it, "kept upon his Guard." He
** withdrew privately from his House, in a Changed
Habit, unto the House of Colonel Philips in Charls-
town,** whose daughter was the wife of Cotton Mather.
"From thence, he was by certain well-disposed Young
Men of his Flock, transported," — as Sewall was told, —
** Sabbath Ap. i. To Aaron Ways by Hogg-Island.
Tuesday Ap. 3. at night from Aaron Way's to y* Boat
near Mr. Newgate's Landing-place [Winnisimet, now
Chelsea] so through Crooked Lane and Pulling Point
Got to Mr. Ruck's fishing Catch, thence to y* President
Capt. Arthur Taners Ship," 7 April, 1688; "and so Tore
away for England,'* says his son, where, 6 May, he "went
ashore at Weymouth, which was the last Town he had
Lodged in, when he left England, Seven and Twenty Years
before."

He remained abroad as agent of the Colony about
four years, his expenses in the mean time greatly exceed-
ing his compensation, and he pledging all his property
for money which he borrowed to support himself while he
was working for his country. Minute details of his ser*

422 CLASS OF 1 656.

Voices are contained in his " Brief Account/* in his son's
"Parentator," and in "The Andros Tracts." As fore-
shadowed by his mother, he stood ''BEFORE KINGSr
He had several interviews with James the Second, and
with William and Mary. In the language of a letter
signed by thirteen of the most eminent Nonconformist
divines in London, he labored ''with inviolate Integrity y
excellent Prudence, and unfainting 'Diligence^* maintaining a
" Caution and Circumspection . . . correspondent to the weight
of his Commission^ The result, notwithstanding opposi-
tion by his colleagues, Cooke and Oakes, was a charter
uniting Plymouth, Massachusetts, Maine, and all the
territory from Sagadahoc to the eastern extremity of
/Nova Scotia; Mather's vigilance preventing Plymouth
from being annexed to New York. "The nomination
of the officers reserved to the crown was left, for the first
time, to the agents, or rather to Mr. Mather, who was
considered instar omnium^ Sir William Phips, a member
of Mather's church, was nominated for Governor, and
he, with Mather, arrived at Boston 14 May, 1692.

The charter, though far from giving universal satis-
faction, was the best that could be obtained. "The
only question with the agents was, whether to submit
to this new settlement, or to . . . have no charter at alL"
Besides gaining new privileges, the people were relieved
from some evils which were endured or dreaded, and
from well-grounded apprehensions that "the bloody
Kirk" would be Governor. "After some Days," writes
Cotton Mather, "the Speaker in the Name of the whole
^ House oi Representatives y returned" Mather "Thanks for
his Faithful, Painful, Indefatigable Endeavours to serve the
Country; and . . . appointed a Day of Solemn THANKS-
GIVING" for his and the Governor's safe return.

While in England Mather preached often, and accept-
ably. He became acquainted with Tillotson, Burnet,

INCREASE MATHER. 423

How, Bates, and Mead. Baxter "treated him with a
Deference, which he paid unto few other Men." "^Jy^/'
said he, ^^ If you find any Errors in any of my Writings^ I
request you to Confute them^ after I am Dead** He also
dedicated to him a "Book, which he Published a little
before he Died."

Mather was also "Eminently Instrumental in Pro-
moting the Union** between the Presbyterians and Con-
gregationalists, "which had through Devices of the Great
Adversary, kept at more of a Needless Distance from
each other than they should have done. Dr. Annesley
and Mr. Vincent and others, often Declared, That this
Union would never have been Effected, if Mr. Mather
had not been among them."

During his absence the parochial duties to his church
and society were discharged by his son. Cotton Mather,
who was settled as his colleague 13 May, 1684.

The administration of the College in the mean time
was carried on by the Tutors, John Leverett and Wil-
liam Brattle, graduates in 1680, the former of whom
was afterward President of the institution, and the latter
the successor of Nathaniel Gookin, minister of the First
Church in Cambridge. These two wise and efficient
officers appear to have constituted the whole College
Faculty, and to have had almost exclusive direction of
the studies and discipline.

When Mather "went over to England** writes his son,
"he carried his Care of his beloved College with him....
It was His Acquaintance with. .. THOMAS HOLLIS,
that Introduced his Benefactions unto that College \ to
which his Incomparable Bounty . . . flow'd unto such a
Degree, as to render him the Greatest Benefactor it ever
had."

In 1686, after the abrogation of the Colonial charter.
Governor Joseph Dudley, H. U. 1665, said, "The cow

424 CLASS OF 1656.

was dead, and therefore the calf in her belly; meaning
the charter of the college and colony," The property,
and even the existence, of the College were imperilled.
In consequence of a special appeal by Mather, a confirma-
tion of the College charter was promised by James; and
the Provincial charter granted by William and Mary,
though not so explicit as had been promised, protected
the institution to the extent of confirming to "Collies"
generally all gifts and grants. A final appeal, at his
parting interview with the King, was likewise graciously
received; and the College, though occasionally interfered
with, was not deprived of its essential rights.

When Dudley became President of the Colony, Ma-
ther's title was changed from President to Rector. May
27, 1692, thirteen days after his return from England,
it was ordered by the Governor, that he "be desired
and is hereby impowred to continue his care ... as Rector
. . . until further Order, and to give direction about the
comencement now Drawing on, and to manage the same
as formerly."

According to the Parentator, "One of the first Things"
Mather did after his return "was to Obtain from the
General Assembly . . • (what he was in England advis'd unto
. . .)An Act for the Incorporation of the College^ upon a larger
Foundation than the Former Settlement. By this Act,"
which was signed by Phips 27 June, 1692, wherein Ma-
ther is made President, "The College was enabled among
other Things, to Confer Degrees^ which could not by
its former Charter be pretended to; and Particularly, to
Create Batchelours^ and Doctors of Theology. At this Time,
and while that Act was yet in Force, this University (as
now it was) thought it their Duty to Present unto their
Praesident, a Diploma for a Doctorate, under their Sealy
with the Hands of the Fellows annexed; • • . being the
First and the Sole Instance of such a Thing done in the

INCREASE MATHER. 425

whole English America** It was seventy-nine years be-
fore another similar degree was conferred, as the charter
under which this was given was disallowed.

Mather's time was thenceforward devoted principally to
the College. *'He required a Conforming to the Statutes
of the College, with a Stedy Government^ and Faithful
Discipline.** He gave directions about the studies, and
advice as to books; "kept alive the Disputations of the
Batchelours, in which he Moderated; and assigned them
especially such ^estions as led them to an Establishment
in the Truths which the Temptations of the Day rendred
most needful to be Defended. He usually Preached unto
the Scholars every Week"; sometimes "Illuminated the
College-Hall with Elaborate Expositions"; and frequently
sent "for the Scholars one by one into the Library** to
"confer with them about their Interiour State. . . . Doubt-
less it was needful," concludes Cotton Mather, tauntingly,
"and much for the Welfare and Honour of the College,
to take it out of the Hands of such a President ! "

Some persons, however, thought "it was needful,"
and movements which led to it were begun within nine
months after his return from England. His course in
relation to the charter and his sentiments upon the .
witchcraft persecution probably contributed to the result,
but the ostensible opposition to his administration arose
from his non-residence at Cambridge.

As early as i6 February, 1692-3, the House of Rep-
resentatives sent- to the Governor and Council a vote
expressive of a desire "for y* fFuture that y* President
shall be Resident at y* Colledge"; upon which, however,
no action appears to have been taken.

In June, 1695, the House, after granting him the
usual salary of fifty pounds, and thanking him for his
service the past year, voted that he "be desired to goe
and settle at the Colledge, that the Colledge may not be

4^6 CLASS OF 1656.

destitute any longer of a setled President, And that if
he take up with said proposal he shall be allowed annu-
ally . . . one hundred and fifty pounds, and if said m*^ Ma-
ther doe not setle there y* the Corporation do propose
some other meet person to the Gen? Court who may be
treated with."

Mather was disturbed by the demonstration of dissat-
isfaction, and manifested an inclination to resign. But
the Corporation and the Governor and Council probably
regarded him not only as an honor to the institution,
because of his talents, learning, and eminence, but, con-
sidering his political experience and his acquaintance and
influence in England, as the most suitable person to de-
fend the College in this hour of peril.

Rather more point was given to the project on the
sixteenth of August, when it was voted that he "be ear-
nestly requested ... to Remove his habitation unto Cam-
bridge least the Colledge & Churches Suffer for want of
his Residence there"; and in addition to thanks **for
his good Service already done at the College," it was
ordered "that it be Signified to him that we desire no
Pson so much as himselfe to take the Care of that
Society."

November 28, 1698, a Petition from the Corporation
for giving encouragement " to a Vice President to reside
constantly at the Colledge was read, debated, & referred
to further consideration; and according to the Council
and Court Records, 3 December, 1698, it was,

"Upon Consideration of the State of the Colledge,
and for encouragement unto the Reverend M' Increase
Mather Presid* to remove and take up his Residence
there

"Ordered That the said President have a Salary of Two
Hundred Pounds Money pr Annum . . . from the Time
of his Removal during his Residence at the Colledge.'*

INCREASE MATHER. 427

AH the proceedings in reference to a residence in
Cambridge were embarrassed by the probability that the
College charter was annulled, and by the preparation of
new draughts in 1692, 1696, 1697, 1699, and 1700, in
which, while the interests of the institution were to be
protected, the necessity of framing a charter that should
be acceptable to^the Crown could not be ignored.

Upon the adoption of the draught of 1700, the House
ordered the names of Mather and Samuel Willard,
H. U. 1659, "to be inserted" respectively as President
and Vice-President, and on the following day, 10 July,
Resolved that "Two hundred & Twenty Pounds be
allowed ... to the President . . . already chosen or to be
chosen by s^ Court," and "that the person chosen Presi-
dent . . . shall reside at Cambridge."

July II, 1700, Mather was notified by a committee
that the " Court hath chosen him President . . . and de-
sires him to accept of said Office, and so expects that he
repair to, and reside at Cambridge, as Soon as may be."
He replied. If his church would "consent to give him
up to this Work he would as to his own Person, re-
move, . . . but could not see his Way Cleer to remove his
Family while he heard of the Passing of the Charter in
England."

October 10, the action of the House was concurred
in by the Council.

October 17, Mather wrote from Cambridge a letter
"giving an account of hiis inspection of the College
whilst he resided there, and containing the reasons of
his removal from Cambridge, as his not having his
health there, &c. and desiring that another President
may be thought of."

June 30, 1 70 1, he wrote "fFrom the Colledge In Cam-
bridge," to Stoughtdn "To be Comunicated to the Gen-
eral Assembly": —

4^8 CLASS OF 1656.

'*I promised the last General Court, to take care ot
the Colledge until the Commencem^ Accordingly I
have bin residing in Cambridge, those three months. I
am determined (if the Lord will.) to return to Boston
the next week, and no more to return to reside in Cam-
bridge; for it is not reasonable to desire me to be (as
out of Respect to the Publick Interest, I have bin Six
months within this twelve month) any longer absent
from my f&mily. And it is much more unreasonable
to desire one, so circumstanced as I am to remove my
fFamily to Cambridge, when the Colledge is in such an
Unsettled state. I do therefore Earnestly desire that
the General Court would as soon as may be, think of
another Prsesident for the Colledge. It would be fatal
to the Interest of Religion, if a Person disaffected to
the Order of the Gospel professed, and practised in these
Churches, should praeside over this Society. I know
the general Assembly out of their Regard to the In-
terest of Christ, will take care to prevent it. It is, and
has bin, my prayer to God, that one much more learned
than I am, and more fit to inspect, & govern the Col-
ledge may be sent hither; And one whom all the
Churches in New-England, shall have cause to bless the
Lord for."

August I, 1 70 1, he met the General Court at their
request, and acquainted them " that he was now removed
from Cambridge to Boston,'* and repeated in substance
what he had written, adding, "but if the Court thought
fit to desire he should continue his Care of the College
as formerly, he would do so."

Whereupon, in the words of the record, "As he can
with no Conveniency any longer reside at Cambridge,
and take the Care of the Colledge there," the General
Court sent a message to Samuel Willard " to Accept the
Care, and Charge of said Colledge, and to reside at Cam-

INCREASE MATHER. 429

bridge in order thereunto." Willard asked time for
consideration, and to consult his church. September 5,
a Resolve being sent to the Council from "the Repre-
sentatives, Desiring" Mather "to take the Care of and
reside at the CoUedge," a committee was immediately de-
spatched for the answer of Willard, who then "declared
his readiness to do the best Service he could for the
Colledge, And that he would Visit it once or twice every
Week, and Continue there a Night or two, And Per-
forme the Service used to be done by former Presidents."
On the next day the Resolve from the House of Rep-
resentatives "that Mr. Increase Mather be desired to
take the Care of and reside at the Colledge was again
read. And upon the Question put for a Concurrence, it
was carried in the Negative." Willard's proposition
being at once accepted, his salary began on the same day,
6 September.

I have gone much more into detail respecting what
appears as the principal objection to Mather's continu-
ance in the Presidency, because it has not received from
any writer the attention it deserves. Quincy's account
of Mather's administration is elaborate, but unsatisfac-
tory. Robbins goes so far as to say of it, that its "gen-
eral tone ... is calculated to leave a most unfavorable
impression; and that the allusions to Mather, the epi-
thets applied, and the motives ascribed to him, are such
as would condemn him to the aversion and contempt of
every pure and honest mind, if the intelligent reader did
not understand how much weight to subtract from these
imputations, when offset against the unequivocal and sub-
stantial eulogy condensed into a single sentence, so out
of tune with what precedes and follows, that one is
almost tempted to suspect there is irony in it: — ^That
Dr. Mather was well qualified far the office of President^ and
had conducted himself in it faithfully and laboriously^ is attested

430 CLASS OF 1656.

by the history of the college^ the language of the legislature^ and
the acknowledgment of his co temporaries.* This is a sat-
isfactory verdict as it is. But if it were brightened in
the coloring — as truth would warrant it to be — half
as much as the censure surrounding it is deepened be-
yond the demands of justice, it would give to us such
a representation of this eventful Presidency as plain
fact« substantiate; concurrent, co-eval testimony, both
private and public, justifies; and the impartial verdict of
posterity will sanction."

The remaining twenty-two years of Mather's life, after
leaving the Presidency, were chiefly employed in devo-
tional and other religious exercises, preparation of books
for the press, and the discharge of ministerial duties.
His biographer states, that, "Besides his Patient Con-
tinuance^ in that stroke of Well-doings which lay in his
course of setting apart whole Days for the Religion of the
Closet^ and which he continued until the last Year of his
Life was coming on: His Daily Course was This:,.. In
the Morning repairing to his Study, (where his Custom
was to sit up very late, even until Midnight, and per-
haps after it) he deliberately Read a Chapter ^ and made
a Prayer^ and then plied what of Reading and Writing
he had before him. At Nine a Clock he came down,
and Read a Chapter and made a Prayer^ with his Family.
He then returned unto the Work of the Study. Coming
down to Dinner^ he quickly went up again, and begun
the Afternoon with another Prayer. There he went on
with the Work of the Study till the Evening. Then with
another Prayer he again went unto his Father; after which
he did more at the Work of the Study. At Nine a Clock
he came down to his Family-Sacrifices. Then he went
up again to the Work of the Study \ which anon he Con-
cluded with another Prayer \ And so he betook himself
unto his Repose."

INCREASE MATHER. 43 1

"He commonly spent Sixteen Hours of the Four and
Twenty, in his Laborious Hive!.., He was There^ some
thought even to a Fault. More of his Pastoral Visits
were wished for."

In April, 17 15, he received a unanimous invitation
from "The Ministers of the Province, by their Delegates
met at Boston^ ... to take a Voyage for England^ with an
Address from them" to King George the First, on his
accession to the throne. The proposition was very
gratifying, but his advanced age and other circumstances
led him to decline it, though "there was a Provision
made, for the Expences of the Voyage."

As "0/<{/ Age came on," people discovered "even a
growth of their Appetite, for the Enjoyment of as much
as might be Obtained from him/ The Churches would
not permitt an Ordination to be carried on without him,
as long as he was able to Travel in a Coach unto them."

After preaching his Jubilee sermon, at the conclusion
of the forty-ninth year of his ministry, he requested a
"Dismission from any further Public Labours." This
was not granted, though some time afterward, to "ren-
der his Old Age as easy as might be to him," his society
voted that he would be expected to preach ^^only when
he should feel himself able and inclined. . . . On the Day of
his Attaining to Fourscore^ he Preached a Sermon full of
Light and Life," which was printed from notes taken
at the time. "Within Two Days" after September 25,
1 7 19, when "he did with an Excellent and Pathetic
Prayer, in a mighty Auditory, Conclude a Day of Prayer
kept by his Church, to obtain a Good Success of the Gos-
pely...ht fell into an Apoplectic sort of Deliquium; (very
much occasion'd, as it was thought, by too extreme a
concern of his Mind on some late Occurrences at New-
Haven:) out of which he Recovered in a few Minutes;
but it so enfeebled him, that he never went abroad any
more."

43 i CLASS OF 1 6 56,

His son, speaking of his last illness, says, ^'He was
extremely tortured and enfeebled, with an obstinate Hick-
ety which would sometimes hold him a Week or per-
haps a Fortnight, without Intermission ... At last, he
began to fall into the Torments of the Wheel broken at
the Cistemi Which yet became not Intolerable, and forced
no Ejulations from him, till about Three Weeks before he
Died. Under these, about Three Days before his Expi-
ration, coming out of a Dark Minute, he said, // is now
Revealed from Heaven to me^ That I shall quickly ^ quickly ^
quickly be fetcKd away to Heaven^ and that I shall Dy in
the Arms of my Son. After this, he kept very much call-
ing for me; till Friday y the Twenty Third of August ^ 1723.
... As it grew towards Noon, I said unto him, Syr, The
Messenger is now come to tell you; This Day thou shalt
be in Paradise. Do you believe it^ Syr, and Rejoice in the
Views and Hopes of it} He Replied, I do I Idol I do! —
And upon those Words, he Dyed in my Arms^^

"On the Seventh Day after this, ...GOD Honoured
him with a Greater Funeral^ than had ever been seen for
any Divine^ in these (and some Travellers at it, said, in
any other) parts of the Worlds The sermon was preached
by Thomas Foxcroft, H. U. 17 14, Lieutenant-Gov-
ernor Dummer, and Mather's "Honourable, Ancient,
Cordial Friend, Samuel Sewally Esq; the Chief Judge, of
the Province; with [John Leverett] the Praesident of
the College, and [Thacher, Wadsworth, and Colman]
Three of the Principal Ministers, were they that held
the Pall; Before which, One Hundred and Threescore
Scholars of the College, whereof he had once been the
PrMident, walked in Order; And there were Followers

' A post-mortem examination dis- and some of them above an Inch

covered, " besides a large Polypus on Diameter, the least of which was big

his Bladder, no less than Six Large enough to have made a Giant roar."
Stones in it, of several uneven Shapes,

INCREASE MATHER. 433

of every Rank, (among which about Fifty Ministers) and
Spectators that could not be numbrcd. . . . His Church
with a noble Gratitude bore the Expences of his Fu-
neral," He was entombed in the northeast part of Copp's
Hill burying-ground.

Mather was talented, learned, and eminently fitted for
the ministry. His sermons, manly and forcible, incul-
cated practical religion ''in all the severe strictness and
occasional superstition" of his time. "He used no
Notes in his Preaching to the very Last. Though in
Committing to his Memory, the Sermons which he wrote
in ^arto-FoIumnSy ... he would write a . . . Page or two,
of Texts and of ff^ords, ... to help him in case he were
at a loss, yet he never look'd upon it." "He spoke
with a Grave and Wise Deliberation: But on some Sub-
jects, his Voice would rise for the more Emphatical Clauses^
as the Discourse went on: and anon come on with such
a Tonitruous Cogency^ that the Hearers would be struck
with an Awe^ like what would be Produced on the Fall
of Thunderboltsr

He was zealous for Congregationalism and the Cam-
bridge Platform, yet so tolerant that he took part in the
ordination of Elisha Callender, H. U. 17 lo, a Baptist,
though in his early days he must have regarded the sect
with aversion.

He was a benevolent man. Although his means were
small, "He Conscienciously and Constantly Devoted a
Tenth Part of his Income to Pious Uses^^ in addition to
other charities.

"He was one of a very Gentlemanly Behaviour \ full of
Gravity^ with all the Handsom Carriage^ as well as Neat^
nessy of a Gentleman. . . . His Words were Few^ as Wise
Mens use to be ; and much on the Guards (Bis prius ad
Limam quam semel ad luinguam;) Pertinent, and Ponder-
ous, and Forcible.''

28 rprinted Z879, June 19.]

434 CLASS OF 1656.

Peirce says: "He appears to have been affected quite
enough by ungrateful returns for his services; and had
no very moderate sense of his own importance and
merits, as was particularly shown in an angry letter
which he wrote to Governor Dudley in 1708."'

His piety was not untinctured with enthusiasm and
credulity. At times he experienced heavenly afflations^
or what he believed to be *^ Pr^esagious Impressions about
Future Events.** These, according to his credulous son,
were of course marvellously fulfilled. For instance, ** In
the Year, 1676. he had a strange Impression on his mind,
that caused him, on Nov, 19. to Preach a Sermon. • . and
Conclude . . . with a Strange Praediction, That a Fire was
a coming, which would make a Deplorable Desolation."
He afterwards meditated and wept and prayed upon the
subject in his study, and the next Lord's day gave his
people warning of the impending judgment. "The very
Night foUowingy z Desolating Fire broke forth in his
Neighbourhood. The House in which he with his Flock,
had Praised GOD, was Burnt with the Fire. Whole Streets
were Consumed in the Devouring Flames."

Mather " had great faith in signs and prodigies. Com-
ets were regarded by him as 'preachers of divine wrath*;
his Discourse concerning those bodies is little else than a
catalogue of inundations, earthquakes, wars, and other
calamitous events, attending them, from a period just
before the flood down to the ill-starred year 1682, in
which he wrote that learned book; and his sermons,
entitled, 'Heaven's Alarm to the World,* and 'The Lat-
ter Sign,' were delivered upon the appearance of *a for-
midable blazing star.' " It is not improbable, however,
that, with the progress made in. astronomy in his time,
his views were considerably changed before he died.

Concerning Witchcraft he says in a Postscript to his

' Printed in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, iii. 1261

INCREASE MATHER. 435

Cases of Conscience that he has written "another Dis-
course, proving that there are such horrid Creatures as
Witches in the World; and that they are to be extir-
pated and cut ofF from amongst the People of God, which
I have Thoughts and Inclinations in due time to publish;
and I am abundantly satisfied that there have been, and
are still most cursed Witches in the Land. . . .

" Nor is there designed any Reflection on those worthy
Persons who have been concerned in the late Proceed-
ings at Salam\ They are wise and good Men, and have
acted with all Fidelity according to their Light, and have
out of tenderness declined the doing of some things,
which in our own Judgments they were satisfied about:
Having therefore so arduous a Case before them, Pitty
and Prayers rather than Censures are their due; on which
account I«am glad that there is published to the World
(by my Son) a Breviate of the Tryals of some who were
lately executed, whereby I hope the thinking part of
Mankind will be satisfied, that there was more than that
which is called Spectre Evidence for the Conviction of the
Persons condemned. I was not my self present at any
of the Tryals, excepting one, viz. that of George Burroughs \
had I been one of his Judges, I could not have ac-
quitted him : For several Persons did upon Oath testifie,
that they saw him do such things as no Man that has
not a Devil to be his Familiar could perform. . . .

"Some I hear have taken up a Notion, that the Book
newly published by my Son, is contradictory to this of
mine: 'Tis strange that such Imaginations should enter
into the Minds of Men: I perused and approved of that
Book before it was printed; and nothing but my Rela-
tion to him hindred me from recommending it to the
World: But my self and Son agreed unto the humble
Advice which twelve Ministers concurringly presented
before his Excellency and Council, respecting the pres-

436 CLASS OF 1656.

ent Difficulties, which let the World judge, whether there
be any thing in its dissentany from what is attested by
either of us." The Advice of the twelve Ministers is
printed at the end of this Postscript and by Upham.

It is not improbable that Mather might have prevented
the judicial murders at Salem, if he had resolutely op-
posed the proceedings. Robert Calef wrote a book on
the subject, in which he severely censures the conduct
of the chief participators in the prosecutions, and, ac-
cording to Eliot, Mather, "then president of Harvard
College, . . . ordered the wicked book to be burnt in the
college yard."

If, however, we go back to the time when he lived,
and consider the ignorance, credulity, and superstition
which prevailed among all classes, it is obvious, that,
though Mather's attainments were not what would now
be expected of a man of his eminence and influence, he
was greatly in advance of most of his contemporaries.
"He was the father of the New England clergy," says
Eliot, "and his name and character were held in ven-
eration, not only by those, who knew him, but by suc-
ceeding generations."

In his will, on file in the Probate Oflice, and printed
in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register,
V. 445, and in Robbins's History of the Second Church,
page 212, he says: "Concerning my son Cotton Mather;
he has bin a great comfort to me from his childhood,
having bin a very dutifull son, & a singular blessing
both to his Fathers Family & flock. If I had any Con-
siderable estate, I ought to bequeath the greatest part
of it to him. It has bin thought, y* I have bags by
me. wh. is a great mistake. I have not twenty Pound
in silver; or in bills. But whoever I have (be it more
or Less) whether in silver or Bills, I give it to him
my eldest son. Item, I give to him my pendulum

INCREASE MATHER. 437

watch, Item my pendulum clock. Item my silver Tank-
ard." A fourth part of his Library he bequeaths to
his "Fatherless Grandson Mather Byles, in case he
shall be educated for, & employed in y* work of y*

ministry, (w** I much desire & pray for) What I

give to my Daughter Elizabeth, I desire it may (if his
Mother can) be improved towards y* education of her
only son (my grandson Mather Byles in Learning, . . .
I leave it as my dying Request to his uncle my son
Cotton Mather, to take care of y* education of y* child
as of his owne. . . . To pvent his being chargeable as
much as I can, I give him my wearing apparel except-
ing my chamlet cloak w** I give to my executor."

March 6, 1 66 1-2, Mather was married to Mary, some-
times spelt Maria, born 16 February, 1641-2, daughter
of the Reverend John Cotton of Boston, and had, i. Cot-
ton, H. U. 1678, born 12 February, 1662-3; 2. Maria,
born 7 March, 1664-5; 3. Elizabeth, born 6 January,
1666-7, ^^^ married, July, 1696, William Greenough,
and next, 6 October, 1703, Josiah, father of Mather
Byles, H. U. 1725; 4. Nathaniel, H. U. 1685; (these
four children being born in the house of his father-in-law,
where he lived eight years, and where his wife was born;)
5. Sarah, born 9 November, 1671, who married Nehe-
iniah Walter, H.U. 1684; 6. Samuel, born 28 August,
1674, H. U. 1690; 7. Abigail, born 13 April, 1677, mar-
ried Newcomb Blake, and afterward the Reverend John
White, H.U. 1698; 8. Hannah, born 30 May, 1680,
who married, 28 January, 1698, John Oliver; 9. Catha-
rine, born 14 September, 1682, died 11 June, 1683; 10.
Jeru'sha, born 16 April, 1684, married 8 March, 17 10,
Peter Oliver. His wife died 4 April, 17 14. In 17 15
he married Ann, born 12 October, 1663, daughter of
Thomas Lake, and widow of the Reverend John Cotton
of Hampton, H. U. 1678. She died at Brookline, 29
March, 1737.

438 CLASS OF 1656.

Mather outlived all the graduates who preceded Samuel
Cheever, of the class of 1659.

WORKS.

mons Preached | | By Increase Mather, M. A. | Teacher of

a Church in Boston in New-England. || Printed in the Year 1669.
8vo. Pp. (11) An Epistle to the Reader. From my study in N.
Haven in N. E. the i8th. day of Sept. 1667. Thine in the Truth
truly, John Davcnporte ; pp. (4) To the Reader, by W. G. ; pp.
(14) To the Reader, by W.[illiam] H.[ooke]; pp. (14) The Au-
thor's Preface to the Reader. From my Study in Boston N. E.
4*\ 21. 1667. J. M. ; and Text pp. 181 ; The Names of Writers,
etc., being The Table pp. (5); and Places of Scripture opened,
etc., pp. (4). B.

In Brinley's and the Boston Public Library are copies having the
title-page repeated immediately before the text, with the imprint,
''London, Printed for John Allen in Wentworth Street, near Bell-
Lane, 1669."

2. The I Life and Death | Of | That Reverend Man of God, |
Mr. Richard Mather, | Teacher of the Church | in | Dorchester (
in I New-England. || Cambridge: Printed by S.[amuel] G[rcen].
and M.[armaduke] J[ohnson]. 1670. 4to. Pp. (2) To the
Church and Inhabitants of Dorchester in N. E. Yours in the
Lord alwayes. Increase Mather. Boston N. E. Septemb. 6. 1670;
Text pp. 38. The author's name does not appear on the title-
page. By My Ty tV.

3. To the I Church | and | Inhabitants | of | Northampton in
N. E. II Yours in the Lord Jesus, Increase Mather. From my
Study in Boston in N. E. i. i. 1671. 4to. pp. (5). Prefixed to
E. Mather's Serious Exhortation. By T,

4. Wo to Drunkards. | | Two | Sermons | Testifying against

the Sin of j Drunkenness : j Wherein the Wofulness of that Evil,

INCREASE MATHER. 439

and the Misery of all | that are addicted to it, is discovered from
the I Word of God. || Cambridge : Printed by Marmaduke Johnson*
1673. And Sold by Edmund Ranger Bookbinder in Boston. 4to
Pp. (2) To the Reader, signed "Thy Soul-Friend, Increase Mather
Boston, Octob. 30. 1673"; *"^ Text pp. 38. 5, Af, W.
The same. 2d ed. Boston. 1712. sm. 8vo. pp. ii, 58. A^B.

5. The Day of Trouble is near. | 1 Two | Sermons | Where-
in is shewed, | What are the Signs of a Day of Trouble being near. |
And particularly, | What reason there is for New-England to ex-
pect I A Day of Trouble. | Also what is to be done, that we may
escape these things | which shall come to pass. | Preached (the 11^
day of the 12^** Moneth 1673. being a day of | Humiliation | in
one of the Churches in Boston. || Cambridge : Printed by Marma-
duke Johnson. 1674. 4to. Pp. (2) Christian Reader, signed
by Urian Oakes; Text pp. 31. 5, P.

Sir William Phips wrote to Cotton Mather: "The first of God's
making me sensible of my Sinsy was in the Year 1674. by hearing
your Father Preach concerning. The Day of Trouble near. It
pleased Almighty God to smite me with a deep Sence of my mis-
erable Condition, who had lived until then in the World, and had
done nothing for God.'^ — Magnalia, ii. 46.

6. Some Important | Truths | About | Conversion, | Delivered in
Sundry | Sermons. || London. 1674. sm. 8vo. Pp. (2) Contents;
pp. (4) To the Reader, signed John Owen ; pp. (20) To the Second
Church and Congregation at Boston in New-England. Your lov-
ing (though unworthy) Teacher Increase Mather. From my Study
. . . the 13 day of the 4th month. 1672 ; and Text pp. i - 248. P,

The same. 2d ed. Boston. 1684. PP- 'S'-
The same. The Second Edition. London. Printed 1674.
Boston in N. E. Re-printed by John Allen, for John Edwards,
at his Shop at the Head of King-street. 1721. i2mo. pp. (i),
xxii, 260, (i). fV.

7. To the Reader. Boston, N. E. 26. 5. 1674. 4to. pp. (6).
Prefixed to S. Torrey's Exhortation unto Reformation. 5, //, A/, P.

8. A I Discourse | Concerning | the Subject of Baptisme j Where-
in the present Controversies, that are agitated in | the New English
Churches are from | Scripture and Reason modestly enquired into ||
Cambridge Printed by Samuel Green. 1675. 4to. Pp. (2) To the
Reader, Boston, N. E. i. of 2. M. 1675; and Text pp. 76.

J, 5, i/, P, M, W.

440 CLASS OF 1656.

9. The I First Principles | of | New-England, | Concerning }
The Subject of Baptisme | & | Communion of Churches. | Col-
lected partly out of the Printed Books, but chiefly | out of the
Original Manuscripts of the First and chiefe | Fathers in the New-
English Churches; With the judg- | ment of Sundry Learned Di-
vines of the Congregational | Way in England, Concerning the
said Questions. | Published for the Benefit of those who are of the
Rising Gene- | ration in New-England. || Cambridge Printed by
Samuel Green, 1675. 4to. Pp. (6) To the Reader, From my
Study in Boston N. E. i. of 3d Moneth. 1671; Text pp. i— 40;
Postscript p. I, by lohn AUin; and 2-7 J. Mitchel's Letter on
Baptisme, dated Cambridg. December. 26. 1667.

^, fi, H, M, P, /f^.

10. The Times of men are in the hand | of God. | | Or -

A Sermon | Occasioned by that awfull Providence which hapned
in I Boston in New England, the 4*** day of the 3** | Moneth 1675.
(when part of a Vessel was blown up in | the Harbour, and nine
men hurt, and three mortally | wounded) wherein is shewed how
we should | sanctifie the dreadfuU Name of God | under such aw-
full I Dispensations. || Boston, Printed by John Foster 1675. 4to.
Pp. (4) To the Reader. 9*^ of 4^ Moneth 1675 ; and Text pp.
21. J^ fi, M.

This or the following appears to have been the first work printed
in Boston.

11. The Wicked mans Portion. | Or | A Sermon | (Preached
at the Lecture in Boston in New England the | i8th day of the i
Moneth 1674, when two men [Nicholas Feaver and Robert
Driver] | were executed, who had murthered | their Master.) |
Wherein is shewed | That excesse in wickedness doth bring j un-
timely Death. || Boston, Printed by John Foster. 1675. Pp. (2)
To the Reader 15*^ of 2°* Moneth. 1675 j and Text pp. 25.

B, TV.
The same. Second Impression. Boston. 1685. sm. 8vo.

A, B, M, i>, rv.

INCREASE MATHER. 44I

tation I to the Inhabitants of that Land. || Boston, Printed and Sold
by John Foster over against the Sign of the Dove. 1676. 4to.
Pp. (4) To the Reader; Text pp. 51 ; Postscript pp. 8. By My W.
' The same. London, Printed for Richard Chiswell, at the Rose
and Crown in St. Pauls Church- Yard, according to the Original
Copy Printed in New England. 1676.

War, I By the Rev. Cotton Mather, D. D. | | To which are

added | An Introduction and Notes, | By Samuel G. Drake. || Bos-
ton: Printed for the Editor, and sold by him at No. 13 Bromiield-
Street; also by J. Munsell, 78 State-Street, Albany. 1862. 4to.
Pp. [iii]-xxxii Prefatory and Introductory; and History, etc.,

PP- 33-^84. AyByH.

13. An Earnest | Exhortation | To the Inhabitants of | New-
England, I To hearken to the voice of God | in his late and pres-
ent I Dispensations | As ever they desire to escape another
Judgement, seven times | greater then any thing which as yet hath
been. || Boston Printed by John Foster, 1676. 4to. Pp. (2) To
the Reader. 26 of 5 mo. ; Text pp. 26. By M.

This is the ''serious Exhortation,** mentioned in No. 12.

14. A Relation | of the Troubles which have hapned in | New-
England, I By reason of the Indians there. | From the Year 1614.

to the Year 1675. | | Wherein the frequent Conspiracyes of

the Indians to cutt off the | English, and the wonderful! providence
of God, in disappointing | their devices, is declared. | Together
with an Historical Discourse concerning the | Prevalency of Prayer ;
shewing that New Englands | late deliverance from the Rage of
the Heathen is an eminent | Answer of Prayer. || Boston, Printed
and sold by John Foster. 1677. 4to. Pp. (4) To the Reader.
Sept. 14. 1677; and Text pp. 76. 5, M.

The ''Discourse," paged separately, has the following title: —

15. An I Historical Discourse | Concerning the | Prevalency | of |
Prayer | Wherein is shewed that New-Englands late Deliverance
from the | Rage of the Heathen, is an eminent Answer of Prayer. ||
Boston, Printed and sold by John Foster. 1677. 4to. Pp. (2)
To the Reader. August. 16. 1677; and Text pp. 19. B^ M.

Running-Title, The Prevalency of Prayer Historically evinced.

44^ CLASS OF 1656.

newing of Covenant with God in Christ, | Preached at Dorchester
in New-England, the 21. Day | of the i. Moneth 1677. being a
Day of I Humiliation | There, on that Occasion. || Boston. 1677.
4to. pp. (5), 22.

17. To the Reader. Boston. 28. of 12 m. 1677. 4to. pp.
(2). Prefixed to the second impression of E. Mather's Serious
Exhortation. B,

18. Pray for the Rising Generation, | | Or A | Sermon |

Wherein Godly Parents are Encou- | raged to Pray and Believe |
for their Children, | Preached the third Day of the fifth Moneth,
1678. I which Day was set apart by the second Church in Boston
in New-England, | humbly to seek unto God by Fasting and
Prayer, | for a Spirit of Converting Grace, to be poured | out upon
the Children and Rising Generation in | New-England. || Cam-
bridge. 1678. 4to. pp. 23. B.

The same. The second Impression. Boston, Printed by John
Foster, 1679. sm. 8vo. pp. 29 : — pp. 3-4 being To the Reader.
Boston, August 22. 1678. Appended to the 1679 edition of A
Call from Heaven. if/, P, T.

The same. Third Impression. Printed by R. P. 1685, being
pp. 161- 198 of the 1685 edition of the Call from Heaven. 5, P.

19. A Call from Heaven | To the Present and Succeeding |
Generations | Or A | Discourse | Wherin is shewed, | I. That
the Children of Godly Parents are under | special Advantages and
Encouragements to | seek the Lord [pp. 1-32]. | II. pp. 33—94
[A Discourse Concerning] The exceeding danger of Apostasie, es-
pecially as I to those that are the Children and Posterity of | such
as have been eminent for God in their Ge- | neration. [Delivered
in a Sermon, preached in the Audi- | ence of the general Assembly
of the Massachu- | sets Colony, at Boston in New-England, | May
23, 1677. being the day of Election | there, || Boston, Printed in
the Year, 1679.] p. 33 being a full title-page. III. That Young
Men ought to Remember God | their Creator pp. 95-114. ||
Boston, Printed by John Foster, 1679. sm. 8vo. Pp. (6) To the
Reader. Boston. 3. m. 16. d. 1679; and Text i- 114 with the
running title A Call to the Rising Generation. T,

Appended to this is Pray for the Rising Generation, the second
Impression.

The same. The second Impression. Boston, Printed by R. P.
for I. Brunning. 1685. ^^' S^^* ^P- '9^) containing on p. 45 a

INCREASE MATHER. 443

separate title for II., and on p. 123 another for the Second Impres-
sion of III., and another on p. 161 of the Third Impression of Pray
for the Rising Generation, which here occupies pp. 161- 198.

J, B, M, P, IV.

20. A Discourse | Concerning the Danger of | Apostasy, | Es-
pecially as to those that are the Children | and Posterity of such
as have been | eminent for God in their | Generation. | Delivered
in a Sermon, preached in the Audi- | ence of the general Assembly
of the Massachu- | sets Colony, at Boston in New-England, | May
23. 1677. being the day of Election | there. || Boston, Printed [by
John Foster] in the Year, 1679. sm. 8vo. Pp. 35-36 To the
Reader 22. day of the 2. Moneth. 1678 ; Text pp. 37-1 14. Being
part of No. 19. 5, M^ T, W.

The same. Second Impression, sm. 8vo. Boston, being pp.
44-158 of the 1685 edition of No. 19, 5, P.

21. Preface and Result of

22. The I Divine Right | of | Infant-Baptisme | Asserted and
Proved from | Scripture | And | Antiquity. || Boston, Printed by
John Foster, in the Year 1680. 4to. Pp. (5) Christian Reader.
Thy Servant for Christ's sake, Urian Oakes. Cambridge, Febru.
21. 1679-80; and Text pp. 27. 5, M^ W.

23. Returning unto God, the great concernment | of a Covenant

People. I I Or I A Sermon | Preached to the second Church

in Boston in | New-England, March 17. 1679-80. when | that
Church did solemnly and explicitly | Renew their Covenant with |
God, and one with another. || Boston, Printed by John Foster. 1680.
4to. Pp. (4) To the second Church, etc., April 19. 1680 j Text
pp. 19; and pp. (2) The Covenant which was unanimously con-
sented unto. By My P,

24. Preface to a Confession of Faith Owned and Consented
unto by the Elders and Messengers of the Churches Assembled at

444 CLASS OF 1656.

Boston in New England, May 12. 1680. Being the second Ser-
mon of that Synod, sm. 8vo. pp. (4). Anonymous. By P.

25. Heavens Alarm to the World. | Or | A Sermon | Wherein
is shewed, | That fearful Sights and Signs in Heaven | are the
Presages of great Ca- | lamities at hand. || Boston, Printed by John
Foster. 168 1. 4to. Pp. (3) To the Reader. 12. Moneth, Vulgo
Febr. 16. 1 680-1 ; Text pp. 17. fi, P.

The same. Second Impression. Appended to No. 32.

B, H, M, P.

26. To the Reader, Nov. 4. 1681. 4to. pp. (5). Prefixed to
S. WiUard's Ne Sutor ultra Crepidam. B, i/, M.

27. Diatriba | de signo | Filii Hominis, | et de | Secundo Messiae
Adventu ; | Ubi de modo futurae Judxorum Conversionis ; | Ncc
non de signis Novissimi diei, disseritur. || Amstelodami. 1682.
sm. 8vo. Pp. (6) Dabam e musseo meo, Bostoniae in Nov. Anglii,
Decembris die 155 Text pp. 98; Indexes pp. (5); Corrigenda

p. (l). By My P.

J, By Hy My Py fT.

29. Practical Truths | Tending to Promote the | Power of God-
liness : I Wherein | Several Important Duties, are | Urged, and the
Evil of divers com- j mon Sins, is Evinced: | Delivered in Sundry |
Sermons. || Boston, Printed by Samuel Green upon Assignment of |
Samuel Sewall. 1682. sm. 8vo. Pp. (2) The Contents; pp. (7)
To the Second Church and Congregation at Boston in New-Eng-
land, 19 day of 5. Moneth, (vulgo) July. 1682 ; p. (i) Advertisement,
Errata; and Text pp. 1-220. Jy By //, P, ff^.

The running titles are: pp. 1-35 The Godly Man, is, a Praying
Man; 36-55 Finding time, should be praying time; 56-74 The
true Fearers of God will pray with their Families; 75-93 Sincere
Christians will pray in Secret; 94-116 Baptised Persons are under
awful Obligations; 117- 159 The Lords Supper is an Ordinance
which Believers ought to observe; 160-189 It is the Property of
a Godly Man not to set with vain Persons; 190-220 Sleeping at
Sermons, is, a Great and a Dangerous Evil.

INCREASE MATHER. 445

30. A Sermon | Wherein is shewed that the Church of God |
is sometimes a Subject of | Great Persecution ; | Preached on a Pub-
lick I Fast I At Boston in New-England : | Occasioned by the Tidings
of a great Persecution Raised against | the Protestants in France. ||
Boston, in New-England : Printed for Samuel Sewall, in the Year,
1682. 4to. Pp. (4) To the Reader, i. M. 28. D. 1682; Text
pp. 24. 5, M.

31. To the Reader, 2. 19. 1682. 4to. pp. (4). Prefixed to
Urian Oakes's Seasonable Discourse. B^ P.

32. KOMHTOrPAflA. \ I Or A | Discourse Concerning |

Comets ; | Wherein the Nature of Blazing Stars | is Enquired into : |
With an Historical Account of all the Comets | which have ap-
peared from the Beginning of the | World unto this present Year,
M.DC.LXXXIII. I Expressing | The Place in the Heavens, where
they were seen, | Their Motion, Forms, Duration ; and the Re-|
markable Events which have followed | in the World, so far as
they have been | by Learned Men Observed. | As also two Sermons |
Occasioned by the late Blazing Stars. || Boston in New-England.
Printed by S. G. for S. S[ewall]. And sold by J. Browning At
the corner of the Prison Lane next the Town-House 1683. sm.
8vo. Pp. (4) To the Reader, signed John Sherman. Decemb. 20.
1682; pp. (3) To the Reader, signed Increase Mather. Dec. 31.
1682 ; pp. (2) The Contents ; Text pp. i - 143. ^, fi, //, Mj P, ff^.

The Two Sermons arc

1. Heaven's | Alarm | to the | World. | Or | A Sermon, where-
in is shewed, | That Fearful | Sights | And Signs in* Heaven, are
the Presa- | ges of great Calamities at hand. | Preached at the Lec-
ture of Boston in New-England ; | January, 20. 1680. || The Second
Impression. Boston in New-England, Printed for Samuel Sewall.
And are to be sold by Joseph Browning at the Corner of the Prison-
Lane Next the Town-House, 1682. sm. 8vo. Pp. (6) To the
Reader, signed Increase Mather. Febr. 16. 1680.1; Text pp.
1-38.

2. The Latter | Sign. || sm. 8vo. pp. 1-32. See No. 28.

33. To the Reader. Boston in N. England. August 31. 1683.
4to. pp. (6). Prefixed to S. Torrey's Plea for the Life of Dying
Religion. 5, i/, M^ P.

34. An Arrow | against | Profane and Promiscuous | Dancing. {
Drawn out of the Quiver of the | Scriptures. | | By the Min-
isters of Christ at Boston | in New-England. || Boston : Printed by

44^ CLASS OF 1656.

Samuel Green, and are to be Sold by Joseph Brunning, 1684.
sm, 8vo. pp. 30. 5, M.

In C. Mather*s Catalogue of I. Mather's Works. T, Prince also
writes, in his Manuscript Catalogue, ^^ By Mr. Increase Mather, as
appears a his MSB I have."

35. The I Doctrine | of Divine | Providence, | opened and ap-
plyed : | Also Sundry Sermons on Several | other Subjects. || Boston
in N. England Printed by Richard Pierce for Joseph Brunning,
And are to be sold at his Shop at the Corner of Prison Lane next
the Exchange 1684. sm. 8vo. Pp. (5) To the Reader, Octob.
25: 1684; Text pp. 148. A^ fi, M, P.

36. An Essay | for the | Recording | of Illustrious | Providences : |
Wherein an Account is given of many Re- | markable and very
Memorable Events, | which have hapned this last Age ; | Especially
in I New-England. || Boston in New-England, Printed by Samuel
Green for Joseph Browning, And are to be Sold at his Shop at the
corner of the Prison-Lane next the Town-House, 1684. sm. 8vo.
Pp. (19) The Preface. January i. 1683-4; Text pp. 372; and
Contents pp. (8). A^ -B, M^ P.

The types for the title-page were set up twice, as appears from
a comparison of the copies belonging to the Prince Library and to
the Massachusetts Historical Society.

Remarkable | Providences | Illustrative of the Earlier Days |
of American Colonisation. | By | Increase Mather. | With Intro-
ductory Preface, | By George OfFor | . . . | London : | John Russell
Smith, I Soho Square. | 1856. || i6mo. Introduction pp. [v] — xix.
George OfFor. Hackney, Dec. i. 1855; Reprint of old Title-
Page p. (i) ; Preface, signed Increase Mather, January i, 1683—4.
pp. 12; Contents pp. (4); Text 1-262. 5, H.

37. The Greatest | Sinners | Exhorted and Encouraged | To
Come to Christ and that | Now | Without Delaying. | Also, The
Exceeding Danger of Men's De- | ferring their Repentance. | To-
gether with a Discourse about The Day | of Judgement. And on
Several | other Subjects. || Boston. 1686. sm. 8vo. pp. (4),
146. /F.

38. The I Mystery | of | Christ opened and applyed. | In Sev-
eral Sermons, Concerning the | Person, Office, and Glory of Jesus
Christ. II [Boston.] 1686. sm. 8vo. P. (i) Commendation by
Urian Oakes, and Errata; pp. (6) To the Second Church, Octob.
25. 16865 Text pp. 12 J Contents (2). A^ 5, P.

INCREASE MATHER. 447

39. A Sermon | Occasioned by the Execution of [James Mor-
gan] I a man found Guilty of | Murder | Preached at Boston in
N. E. March nth 1685-6. | Together with the Confession, Last
Expressions, \ & solemn Warning of that Murderer to all per- |
sons ; especially to Young men, to beware of those | Sins which
brought him to his miserable end. || The Second Edition. Boston,
Printed by R. P. Sold by J. Brunning Book-seller, at his Shop at
the Corner of the Prison-Lane next the Exchange. Anno 1687.
sm. 8vo. Pp. (2) To the Reader, dated March 26. 1686 ; and Text
pp. 36. Appended are Cotton Mather's Call of the Gospel pp.
37-82; Joshua Moody's Exhortation to a Condemned Malefactor
pp. 83- 1 13 J The Printer to the Reader p. (114); and The Dis-
course of the Minister with James Morgan on the Way to his Exe-
cution pp. ( I I 5) - I 24. By //, P.

The same [without C. M.'s Sermon and J. M.*s Exhortation].
London. 1691. pp. 32. Appended to the Wonders of Free-
Grace, Or, A Compleat History of all the Remarkable Penitents
That have been Executed at Tyburn, etc.

40. A I Testimony | Against several Prophane and Superstitious |
Customs, I Now Practised by some in | New-England, | The Evil
whereof is evinced from the | Holy Scriptures, and from the | Writ-
ings both of Ancient | and Modern Divines. || London. 1687.
sm. 8vo. Pp. (6) Preface, October 30, 1686; Text pp. 41 [31].

By My P.

41. A Narrative of the Miseries of New-England, By Reason
of an Arbitrary Government Erected there Under Sir Edmund
Andros. London, Printed for Richard Janeway in Queen's-Head-
Court, in Pater-Noster-Row. And Reprinted at Boston in New-
England by Richard Pierce. 1688. Anonymous.

Relating to an interview with the Prince of Orange, 21 Sep-
tember [December] 1688.

The same. 4to. Being pp. 29—34 of A Sixth | Collection of
Papers | Relating to the | Present Juncture of AfFairs in England. ||
London. 1689. By M.

The same. Boston: Reprinted and Sold opposite the Court-
House, in Queen Street. 1775. By //, M.

The same. In The Andros Tracts, ii. i - 1 1. With a Prefatory
Note on the authorship. Boston, 1869. 4to. Ay By //, M.

448 CLASS OF 1656.

tae in Ultrajcctina Acadc- | mia Profcssorem, Scripta. | | A

Crescentio Mathero | Apud Bostonienses V. D. M. nee non | Col-
Icgij Harvardini quod est Cantabri- 1 giae Nov-Anglorum, Rectorc. |

1 Londini, Typis J. G. 1688. || sm. 8vo. pp. 6, ending. Sum

Tuus dum Suus, Crescentius Matherus. Bostoniae Nov-Anglorum
Julij 12. 1687. By Hy M, P.

The same. " Occidentales " after Indos, on the title-page.
Londini, Typis J. G. 1688. | Jam recusua, & successu Evangelii

apud In- I dos Orientales aucta. | Ultrajecti, | | Apud Wil-

belmum Broedeleth, Anno 1699. II 8^^* PP- '^* ^-

The same, in English, in C. Mather's Magnalia, iii. 194 > and,
nearly all of it, in The Andros Tracts, ii. 166. Boston. 1869.
4to. //, M.

43. New-England Vindicated From the Unjust Aspersions cast
on the former Government there, by some late Considerations Pre-
tending to shew that the Charters in those Colonies were Taken
from them on Account of their Destroying the Manufactures and
Navigation of England. London. 1688. pp.8. Anonymous.

The same. In the Andros Tracts, ii. 1 11 -121.

See J. G. Palfrey, History of New England, iii. 515 ; and W. H.
Whitmore, in The Andros Tracts, ii. 2, 113, 150.

Thomas Prince, H. U. 1707, an intimate acquaintance of Mather,
who often mentions the names of anonymous writers, in his Man-
uscript Catalogue, does not notice Mather as the author, though
he writes, "By a Passage on Pag. 7 " the tract "appears to be wrote
in 1688."

44. A I Vindication of New-England, | from | the Vile Asper-
sions Cast upon that | Country | By a Late Address of a Faction

INCREASE MATHER.

449

there, | Who Denominate themselves | of the | Church of Eng-
land I in I Boston. | | Printed with Allowance. || n. p., n. d.,

[1688?] 4to. Pp. 27 in double columns, pp. 4-6 containing the
Petition from the Episcopalians of Boston to the King's most
Excellent Majesty. Anonymous. //, W.

The same. In The Andros Tracts, ii, 19-82. Boston. 1869.
4to. Here it is said ^^ there is every reason to assign the author-
ship" to Increase Mather; a conclusion at variance with the state-
ment near the end of the tract, that ^^For this Composure, the
Reader is beholden to the Pen of One, who . . . never spent Seven
Years of his Life, in any part of America." The editor of The
Andros Tracts ^^ holds that this is a technical phrase applied to the
person who wrote under the direction of Mather." " The tract in
question was clearly inspired by a Boston man; it is full of details
that only a native could have given. Still very probably a profes-
sional writer was employed."

Kissing the Booke in | Swearing. | | By a Reverend and Learned

Divine. || n. p. [Boston], n. d.. Printed in the Year. &c. [1689].
J2mo. Pp. (2) To the Reader, signed T. P.; Text pp. 21.
Anonymous. 5, M.

T. Prince writes, " Y« author M' I. Mather, and Dr. C. Mather
says Printed in 1689."

The same. The Second Impression. London. 1689. sm.
8vo. pp. 2, 43. P, W.

A Brief Discourse concerning the Lawfulness of Worshipping
God by the Common Prayer, Being an Answer to this work, was
published at London in 1693. In the Preface, the author says,
the writer ^^had dealt more sincerely ^ if he had acquainted his Reader^'
That they hold it unlawful to communicate with usy because we are a
Nhtional Church ; and that they don^t joyn in the Commons-Prayer
Worships because ifs a Form^ and all Forms are in his Opinion unlaw-
ful. This indeed had struck at the Root of all \ but this he knew was
not so easily prov*d^ nor would look so popularly^ as to cry out Heathen-
ism, Judaism, and Popery, which he charges our Service Book with.
This indeed will rouze the Multitude ; and ifs no wonder when possessed
with this Representation of our Worships that the deluded People broke
into the Church [Erected at Boston for the Worship of God^ according

29 [Printed 187a. August 17.]

450 CLASS OF 1656.

to the Church of England) to search for the Images they sussed we
worshiped:* 5, M.

I In a Letter to a Person of Quality. || London. 1689. 4to.

Anonymous.

Other editions. In the Collections of the Massachusetts Histori-
cal Society, xxi. 93 ; in P. Force*s Tracts, iv. No. 1 1 ; and in The
Andros Tracts, ii. 149, the last having remarks on the authorship.

47. The Present State of J New-English Affairs. | | This

is Published to prevent False Reports. || Boston, Printed and Sold
by Samuel Green, 1689. fol. broadside. In Massachusetts Ar-
chives, XXXV. 83.

The same. In The Andros Tracts, ii. 15. A^ /f, M,

48. Reasons for the Confirmation of | the Charters belonging
to the several | Corporations in New-England. || n. t., n. p., n. d.
4to. pp. 4. Anonymous. A^ M.

The same. In The Andros Tracts, ii. 223. A^ //, M.

49. Reasons | for the | Confirmation | of the | Charter | Belong-
ing to the I Massachusets Colony | in | New-England. || n. t., n. p.,
n. d. 4to. pp. 4. Anonymous. A^ M.

The same. In The Andros Tracts, ii. 223. A^ if, M.

50. Cotton Mather's Catalogue of Increase Mather's Works
contains, under the year 1690,

*' Several Papers relating to the State of New England." Most
of these papers are probably entered under their distinctive titles in
the present list. Remarks respecting several tracts pertaining to
this period may be found in The Andros Papers, published by The
Prince Society, and edited by William Henry Whitmore.

51. A Brief | Account | concerning | Several of the Agents | of |
New-England, | their | Negotiation at the Court | of | England:]
With I Some Remarks on the New Charter { Granted to the Col-
ony of Massachusets. | Shewing | That all things duely Considered,
Greater Priviledges | than what are therein contained, could not

at this I Time rationally be expected by the People there. | |

London, Printed in the Year 169 1. ||4to. Text pp. 3-22, dated
London, Novemb. 16. 169 1, on p. 22; and An Extract of a Let-
ter (written By some of the most Eminent Nonconformist Divines
in London,) Concerning the New Charter, pp. 23, 24, dated Lon-
don, Octob. 17, 1691. Anonymous. Ay 5, //, M.

INCREASE MATHER. 45 1

The same. In The Andros Tracts, ii. 271-296. A^ H^ M.

52. Cases of Conscience | Concerning evil | Spirits | Personating
Men, I Witchcrafts, infellible Proofs of | Guilt in such as are
accused | with that Crime. | All Considered according to the Scrip-
tures, I History, Experience, and the Judgment | of many Learned
men. || Boston Printed, and Sold by Benjamin Harris at the Lon-
don CofFee-House. 1693. sm. 8vo. Pp. (4) Christian Reader,
signed by William Hubbard and thirteen others; pp. 1-67 Text,
dated Boston, New-England, Octob. 3, 1692; pp. (7) Contents
and Postscript. 5, M^ P,

The same. Re-printed at London, for John Dunton, at the
Raven in the Poultrey, 1693. 4to. pp. (2), 39, (5). Appended
to No. 53. 5, jW, fF.

The same; pp. 219, etc., of C. Mather's Wonders of The In-
visible World, etc. London. 1862. fcap. 8vo. By H,

1 By Increase Mather, President of Harvard Colledge. | |

Licensed and Entred according to Order. | | London : Printed

for J. Dunton, at the Raven in the Poultrey | 1693. Of whom
may be had the Third Edition of Mr. Cotton | Mather's First Ac-
count of the Tryals of the New-England | Witches, Printed on the
same size with this Last Account, | that they may bind up together. ||
4to. P. (i) Advertisement; pp. i- 10 Text, with the running-
title. The Examination of the New-England Witches; and pp. (2),
39, (5) Cases of Conscience. A^ fi, //, fV.

Page I begins thus: A True Narrative of some Remarkable
Passages relating to sundry Persons afflicted by Witchcraft at Salem
Village in New-England, which happened from the 19th. of March
to the 5th. of April, 1692. Collected by Deodat Lawson.

The same, being pp. 199 et seqq. of C. Mather's Wonders of
the Invisible World, etc. London. 1862. f.cap. 8vo. H.

452 CLASS OF 1656.

the I Election of Counsellours, in that Province. || Boston, Printed
and Sold, by Benjamin Harris, Over-against the Old-Meeting-
House. 1693. 4to. Pp. [3]-8 To the Inhabitants of the Prov-
ince, etc. ; Text pp. 9 - 23. A^ /f, M^ P, W.

" To the Inhabitants Of the Province of the Massachusets-Bay,
in New-England," being pp. 3-8, which is a vindication of his con-
duct as Massachusetts agent in England, is also printed in The
Andros Tracts, ii. 301.

which is His Own Particular | Flock | | Boston Printed by

Benjamin Harris, and are | to be Sold by Richard Wilkins. 1693.
sm. 8vo. pp. (i), 13. Anonymous. £, M.

56. To the Reader. Boston, New-England. February 6th.
1693. sm. 8vo. pp. (7). Prefixed to S. Willard's Doctrine of
the Covenant of Redemption. Af, P.

57. Christian Reader, signed by Increase Mather, James Allen,
Samuel Willard, John Baily, Cotton Mather, sm. 8vo. pp. (3).
Prefixed to F. Makemie's Answer to George Keith's Libel.

5, M, P.

58. The I Answer | Of Several | Ministers | in and near | Bos-
ton, I To that Case of Conscience, | Whether it is Lawful for a
Man to Marry his Wives own Sister? || Boston in N. E., Printed
and Sold by Bartholomew Green. 1695. sm. 8vo. pp. 8.
Signed by Increase Mather, Charles Morton, James Allen, Samuel
Willard, James Sherman, John Danforth, Cotton Mather, Nehe-
mtah Walter. -B, P.

The Answer was against such marriages. T. Prince writes,
^^ Drawn up by Mr. Increase Mather; as appears by y^ Original
MSS. in my Hands; only y* Preface is not in y* MS."

59. To the Reader. Boston, New-England, May, 16. 1695.
sm. 8vo. pp. 3-12. Prefixed to C. Mather's Johannes in Eremo.

B, M, P.

60. Solemn Advice to Young Men Not to Walk in the Wayes
of their Heart, &c. Boston. 1695. i6mo. H^.

INCREASE MATHER. 453

the Sin and | Misery of the Fallen Angels : | Also a Disquisition
concerning | Angelical- Apparitions. |I Boston. 1696. sm. 8vo.
Pp. (2) The Epistle Dedicatory; pp. (12) To the Reader; and
Text 130. 5, P, W.

The Disquisition, separately paged, has The following title : —
A I Disquisition | Concerning | Angelical Apparitions, | In An-
swer to a Case of Conscience, | shewing that Daemons oft appear
like I Angels of Light, and what is the best | and only way to pre-
vent deception | by them. | All Considered, according to the Scrip-
ture, I Reason, Experience and approved History. || Boston. Printed
for Samuel Phillips, at the Brick Shop. 1696. sm. 8vo. pp. 44.

5, P, W.

62. A Case of Conscience | Concerning Eating of Blood, | Con-
sidered and Answered. || Boston in New-England, Printed by B.
Green, and J. Allen, 1697. pp. 8. Imprint at the end. Anony-
mous. B.

By "I. Mather, as Rev. Mr. John Bailey writes on that which
Mr. Mather gave Him." T. Prince's MS. Catalogue.

63. A Discourse | Concerning the Uncertainty of the | Times
of Men, I And | The Necessity of being Prepared | for Sudden |
Changes & Death. | Delivered in a Sermon Preached | at Cam-
bridge in New-England. | Decemb. 6. 1696. On Occasion of |
the Sudden Death of Two Scholars [Eyre and Maxwell, who were
drowned] | belonging to Harvard Colledge. || Boston in New Eng-
land, Printed by B. Green and J. Allen, for Samuel Phillips, at the
Brick Shop. 1697. sm. 8vo. Pp. (4) To my Worthy Friend
Mr. John Eyre, and Text pp. 40. B.

^^This fatal blow looks ominously on the poor College. Con-
sidering some other Circumstances there is call to fear lest suddenly
there will be no Colledge in New England ; and this is a sign that
ere long there will be no Churches there. I know there is a
blessed day to the visible Church not far off; but it is the Judg-
ment of very Learned men that in the Glorious Times promised
to the Church on Earth, America will be Hell. And altho' there
is a number of the Elect of God yet to be born here, I am verily
afraid that in process of Time New-England will be the wofullest
place in all America.*'

64. The Epistle Dedicatory. | To the Church at Cambridge |
in New-England, | and | To the Students of the Colledge there. ||

454 CLASS OF 1 656,

May 7. 1697. 8vo. pp. 3-32. Prefixed to C. Mather's Ecclesi-
astcs or Life of J. Mitchel. H^ M^ W,

Wunnomwayeuongash | | Nashpe Increase Mather. | Kuk-

kootomwehteanenuh ut oomoeuwehkomong- | anit ut Bostonut, ut
New England. [Five sermons of Rev. Increase Mather, translated
into the Indian Language by Samuel Danforth.] || Bostonut. 1698.
sm. 8vo. pp. 164. W.

67. A faithful Advice from several Ministers of the Gospel,
relating to Dangers that may arise from Impostors. Boston.
[1699.] sm. 8vo. pp. 79. M.

The running-title of some of the pages is *' Something to be
known, by all the Churches."

68. The Folly | of j Sinning, | Opened & Applyed, | In Two |
Sermons, | Occasioned by the Condemnation | of one that was
Executed at | Boston in New-England, on j November 17th.
1698. II Boston, Printed by B. Green, & J. Allen, for Michael
Perry over against the Town House, and Nicholas Buttolph at
the corner of Gutteridges CofFee-House. 1699. lamo. pp. 95.

B, i/, P, W.

69. The I Surest way to the Greatest | Honour: j Discoursed
in a Sermon, | Delivered j In the Audience of His Excellency the j
Earl of Bellomont, Captain | General and Governour in Chief, j and
of the Council, and Repre- | sentatives of the General Assembly |
of the Province of Massachusetts- | Bay, Convened at Boston in
New- I England, May 31st. 1699. Being j the day for the Elec-

INCREASE MATHER. 455

tion of I Counsellors in that Province. || Boston. 1699. sm. 8vo.
Preface, June 7, 1699, pp. (7); Text 42. P.

70. To the Reader. Boston, New-England, November, 1699.
i2mo. pp. 3-12. Prefixed to S. Willard's Peril of the Times.

M,P.

71. Two Plain and Practical | Discourses | Concerning | I. |
Hardness of Heart. | Shewing, | That some, who live under the
Gospel, I are by a Judicial Dispensation, given | up to that Judg-
ment, and the Signs | thereof. | H. | The | Sin and Danger | of |
Disobedience to the Gospel. || London. 1699. i2mo. Pp. (3-4)
To the Reader, Boston, N. E. Nov. i. 1698; Text 5-187. M.

72. To the Reader, sm. 8vo. pp. 2. Prefixed to C. Mather's
Everlasting Gospel. P.

73. The Order of the | Gospel, | Professed and Practised by
the I Churches of Christ in | New-England, Justified, by the |
Scripture, and by the Writings | of many Learned men, both | An-
cient and Modern Divines; | In Answer to several Questions, | re-
lating to Church Discipline. || Boston, Printed by B. Green, & J.
Allen, for Nicholas Buttolph, at his Shop at the Corner of Gut-
teridges Office-House, 1700. i2mo. pp. 143, (i). M^ P, fF.

Answered *' By sundry Ministers of the Gospel in New-Eng-
land" in the "Gospel Order Revived." 1700. 4to. pp. (8),
40; who probably were Woodbridge, Benjamin Colman, H. U.
1692, and Simon Bradstreet, H. U. 1693, and not Stoddard as was
conjectured by Eliot. M.

74. The Blessed | Hope, | And the Glorious Appearing of the |
Great God our Saviour, | Jesus Christ. | Opened & Applied, | in
[Six] Several Sermons. || Boston, Printed by Timothy Green, for
Nicholas Boone, at his Shop over against the Old Meeting-House.
1 701. sm. 8vo. pp. 142; p. (3) being To the Reader, dated De-
cemb. 18. 1700. i/, fV.

75. A I Collection, | Of Some | Of the Many | Offensive |
Matters, | Contained in a | Pamphlet, | Entituled, | The Order of
the Gospel Revived. || Printed at Boston, Sold by T. Green. 1701.
i6mo. pp. 24. Pp. 2-5 To the Reader, signed Increase Mather.
Boston, December 13. 1700; Text 5-24. Anonymous, i/, W.

76. A Discourse | Proving that the | Christian Religion, | Is the
only I True Religion : | Wherein, | The necessity of Divine Rev-
elation I is Evinced, in several Sermons. || Boston. 1702. sm.
i2mo. pp. 96, and Contents pp. (4). P, K^.

456 CLASS OF 1656.

77. The I Excellency | of a | Publick Spirit | Discoursed : | In
a Sermon, Preached in the | Audience of the General Assembly ;
of the Province of the Massachu- | setts Bay in New-England,
May 27. I 1702. Being the day for Election | of Counsellors in
that Province. || Boston in New-England : Printed by B. Green, &
J. Allen, for Nicholas Boone, near the Old Meeting House. 1702.
i2mo. Pp. (3) The Epistle Dedicatory. To his Excellency
Joseph Dudley, Esq. June 24. 1702; pp. (7) To the Honoured
Representatives, June, 18. 1702; Text pp. 1-38 with The Pub-
lick Spirited Man, for a running-title ; pp. 39 - 84 The Righteous
Man a Blessing, p. 39 being a full title-page, with The Morning
Star for the heading of pp. 65 - 84. A^ i/, M^ P, W.

78. The Glorious Throne: | Or, | A Sermon [Preached at
Boston Nov. 16. 1701.] [ Concerning | The Glory of the Throne
of the I Lord Jesus Christ, | Which is now in Heaven, and | shall
quickly be seen on The Earth. || Boston. 1702. i2mo; being
pp. 97-122 annexed to "Ichabod." A^ P.

79. Ichabod. | Or, | A Discourse, | Shewing what Cause there
is to Fear | that the | Glory | Of the Lord, is Departing from |
New-England. | Delivered in Two Sermons. || Boston, Primed by
Timothy Green, Sold by the Book-sellers. 1702. i2mo. pp.
96. P. (2) Citation from Herbert's Sacred Poems; pp. 3 — 12
To the Reader, dated Boston, N. E. November 14. 1701; Text
pp. 13-92; Contents 93-96. A^ i/, Af, P, JV.

80. The I Righteous Man | A | Blessing: | Or, | Seasonable
Truths I Encouraging unto | Faith and Prayer | In this Day of |
Doubtful Expectation. | Delivered in Two Sermons. || Boston.
1702. i2mo. pp. 39-84. Appended to Excellency of a Publick
Spirit, No. 77. A^ M, P, fT.

81. Some Remarks | On a late Sermon, | Preached at Boston |
in New-England, | By | George Keith M. A. | Shewing | That
his pretended Good Rules in | Divinity, are not built on the foun- |
dation of the Apostles & Prophets. || Boston. 1702. sm. i6mo.
pp. 36. P, fr.

82. The Duty of | Parents | To | Pray | For their | Children, |
Opened & Applyed in a Sermon, | Preached May 19. 1703. | Which
Day was set apart by One | of the Churches in Boston, New- |
England, humbly to Seek unto God by Prayer with Fast- | ing for
the Rising Generation. || Boston: Printed by B. Green and J.
Allen. Sold at the Booksellers Shops. 1703. pp. 54. B.

INCREASE MATHER. 457

The same. The Second Impression. || Boston, Printed by John
Allen, for John Edwards, at his Shop in King-street. 17 19. sm.
i2mo. Pp. iii-vi To the Reader, March 14th. 17 19; and Text
pp. 40. i/, P.

First edition printed perhaps in 1703.

85. Practical j Truth's, | Tending to Promote j Holiness j in
the I Hearts & Lives | of j Christians, j Delivered in several | Ser-
mons. II Boston, in N. E. Printed by Barth. Green, for Benj.
Eliot, at his Shop. 1704. i2mo. Pp. 1-6 To the Reader, Feb.
II. 1703, 4; Text 7-102; and Contents (4). >/, i/, M^ P, fF.

86. To the Reader. November 7th. 1704. sm. 8vo. pp. (6).
Prefixed to J. Dummer's Discourse on the Holiness of the Sabbath
Day. H, M, JV.

87. The Voice of | God, j in j Stormy Winds. | Considered, in
Two I Sermons, | Occasioned by the Dreadful and Un- j paralleled
Storm, in the European | Nations. Novemb. 27tb. 1703. || Boston
in N. E. Printed by T. Green, for Nicholas Buttolph. 1704.
sm. i2mo. pp. 95 ; pp. 67-93 being A Brief Discourse, etc. No. 84.

88. A I Letter, | About the Present State of Christianity, among

the Christianized j Indians j of j New-England. | | Written, |

To the Honourable, | Sir William Ashurst, j Governour of the
Corporation, for | Propagating the Gospel among the | Indians, in
New-England, and j Parts Adjacent, in | America. || Boston, in
N. E. Printed by Timothy Green. 1705. sm. 8vo. pp. 15.
At the end, dated ^^ March 2. 1704, 5"; and signed Increase
Mather, Cotton Mather, Nehemiah Walter. M.

89. To the Church and Congregation at Maldon. July nth.
1705. sm. 8vo. pp. (4). Prefixed to C. Mather's Faithful Man.

i/, M, P.

458 CLASS OF 1656.

90. Meditations | on the | Glory | of the | Lord Jesus Christ : j
Delivered in several | Sermons. || Boston in New-England : Printed
by Bartholomew Green, for Nicholas Buttolph, at the Corner of
Gutteridges CofFee-House. 1705. sm. i2mo. P. (i) citations.
Errata; i-viii The Epistle Dedicatory, etc. Boston N. E. April,
2d. 1705; Text pp. I -165; and Contents (i). P, W,

91. A I Discourse | Concerning | Earthquakes. | Occasioned by
the Earthquakes which | were in New-England, in the Province |
of Massachusets-Bay, June 16. and in | Conecticot-Colony, June
22. 1705. I Also, Two I Sermons [Preached Sept. 9, 1705], | shew-
ing, I That Sin is the Greatest Evil; | And, | That to Redeem
Time is the Greatest | Wisdom. || Boston Printed by Timothy
Green, for Benjamin Eliot, at his Shop under the West End of the
Exchange, 1706. i2mo. pp. 131. P, W.

92. A Discourse | Concerning the | Maintenance | Due to those '
That Preach the Gospel : | In Which, | That Question Whether |
Tithes I Are by the | Divine Law the Ministers'Due, | Is Consid-
ered, I And the Negative Proved. || Boston: .N. E. Printed by B.
Green. 1706. sm. 8vo. Pp. 1-7 The Dedication To the Hon-
orable, Samuel Sewall Esqr. John Foster Esqr. Edward Bromfield
Esqr. and Jeremiah Dummer Esqr. Boston, Octob. 26. 1706; pp.
9-60 Text with the heading A Testimony against Sacrilege ; and
p. (i) Advertisement. A^ //, M^ P, W.

In the Dedication the author says: ^^I have been importuned to
Write . . . concerning the Maintenance Due to the Ministers of the
GOSPEL. In one respect it is more proper for me to consider
that Question than for some others: For I do not in the least
therein Plead for my self. I have (through the gracious Providence
of GOD) an Honourable Maintenance^ and that too by the Voluntary
Contribution of those that attend on my Ministry, nor do I desire
more."

The same. With a Preface by J. Jacob. London. 1709.
8vo. pp. (2), 30. fV.

Exposition | Of Galat. vi. 6 . . . | | By a Friend to the

Churches. || Boston: Printed by B. Green. 1706. sm. 8vo.
pp. 29. Anonymous. i/.

94. A Disquisition on the State of the Souls of Men when

INCREASE MATHER. 459

separated from their Bodies. Boston. 1707. 8vo. pp. 45.
T. Prince, MS. Catalogue.

95. The I Doctrine | of | Singular Obedience, | As the Duty
and Property | of the True | Christian : | Opened & Applied. | In
a Sermon. || Boston in New-England, Printed & Sold by Timothy
Green, at the North End of the Town, 1707. i2mo. pp. 29. B.

96. Meditations | on | Death. | Delivered in Several | Sermons. |
Wherein is shewed : | I. That some True Believers on | Christ are
afraid of Death, | but that they have no Just | Cause to be so. |
II. That Good Men as well as ot- | thers may be taken out of the |
World by a Sudden Death. | III. That not Earth but Heaven is |
the Christians Home. || Boston, in N. E. Printed and Sold by
Timothy Green. 1707. pp. v, 171, and index. 5, ff^,

97. To the Reader. Sept. 12. 1707. sm. 8vo. pp. (2). Pre-
fixed to S. Moodey's Vain Youth Summoned. P, fT.

98. A Dissertation, | wherein | The Strange Doctrine | Lately
Published in a Sermon, | The Tendency of which, is, to Encourage |
Unsanctified Persons (while such) | to Approach the Holy | Table
of the Lord, | is Examined and Confuted. | With an | Appendix, |
Shewing | What Scripture Ground there is to Hope, | that within
a very few years there | will be a Glorious Reformation | of the
Church throughout the World. || Boston: Printed by B. Green,
for Benj. Eliot, at his Shop under the Town-house, at the Head of
King Street. 1708. i2mo. P. (i); The Preface, dated Boston,
August 28, 1708, pp. (9); Errata, p. (i) ; A Dissertation concern-
ing Right to the Sacrament being the running-title of pp. i - 90 ;
An Appendix, of pp. 91-110; pp. 1 11- 135 being a Sermon with
the running-title That the Lords Name is near. His Wondrous
Works declare. J, H, P, 7, fF.

In Answer to Solomon Stoddard, who replied in An Appeal to
the Learned, which was followed by An Appeal of some of the
Unlearned, both to the Learned and Unlearned. P.

The Sermon and Appendix. Edinburgh, Printed by the Heirs
and Successors of Andrew Anderson, Printer to the Queen's most
Excellent Majesty, Anno Dom. 17 10. 4to. pp. 32. B.

The same. Edinburgh. Reprinted by John Reid in Libertons
Wynd. 1 7 13. sq. 8vo. pp. 28.

An Introductory Note says : *' The Author of the . . . Sermon and
Appendix . . . having published this Piece last Tear at Boston, he sent
a Copy thereof to his Correspondent in Scotland, who^ according to his

460 CLASS OF 1656.

Desire signified in a Letter^ doth offer it to publick View** Prota-
bly first published as pages 11 1 - 135 of No. 98.

99. To the Reader. Boston. Nov. 6. 1708. 8vo. pp. (4).
Prefixed to C. Mather's Good Evening for the Best of Dajes.

100. A I Dissertation | Concerning the | Future Conversion |
of the I Jewish Nation. | Answering the Objections of the Rever-
end and I Learned Mr. Baxter, Dr. Lightfoot, and others. | With
an Enquiry into the first Resurrection. || London. 1709. 4to.
pp. (i), 35, (i). H, M, P.

loi. To the Reader. Boston December 13th. 1709. i2mo.
pp. (2). Prefixed to J. Danforth's Blackness of Sins against Light.

102. To the Reader, n. p., n. d. sm. 8vo. pp. (4). Prefixed
to C. Mather's Winthropi Justa.

103. Awakening Truths | Tending to | Conversion. | Delivered f
In several Sermons | Wherein is Shewed, | L That the greatest
Sinners may | be Converted and Saved. | IL That Sinners who
cannot | Convert themselves, ought to | Pray for Converting Grace. |
in. That Sinners who neglect Spiritual Blessings until the | Day
of Grace is past will wish | for them but in vain, when it | is too
late. I In Which Sermons notice is taken of | some late Remarkable
Conversions. || Boston in N. E. Sold by Timothy Green, 17 10.
i2mo. Preface pp. (x); Text 120.

104. A Discourse | Concerning | Faith and Fervency | in |
Prayer, | And the Glorious Kingdom of the | Lord Jesus Christ,
on I Earth, Now Approaching. | Delivered in several Sermons, j in
which the Signs of the present | Times are Considered, with a true |
Account of the late wonderful and | Astonishing Success of the
Gospel I in Ceilon, Amboina, and Malabar. || Boston. 17 10. sm.
i2mo. P. (i); Preface, May loth, 1710, pp. xix; Advertise-
ment (i); Text 112; Contents (6). P.

Another edition entitled

Lord Jesus Christ | Over All the Earth. | | Together with a

Vindication of the Only true | Scriptural Mode of Standing in Sing-
ing I the Praises of God. To which is added, | An Ample Con-
firmation of the foregoing Discourse | by sundry suitable Quota-
tions. II n. p. [London] n. d. sm. 8vo. Epistle Dedicatory pp.

INCREASE MATHER. 46 1

xvi by Joseph Jacob, 30th nth Mo. 1^13, who says he has "some-
Avhat abridged it," he hopes ^^ not to its disadvantage " ; Preface
pp. viii Boston, N. E. 17 10, by Increase Mather; Text pp. 80.

106. A Sermon, Shewing What Scripture Ground, etc. See
No. 98.

^^Wi may thank our Sins for all our Sorrows. . . . Neglect of Disci-
pline in the Churches in Asia, was attended with the Corruption of
Manners ; until at last they were made Desolate, because of their
Sins. Has not New-England cause to fear what the LORD may yet
do with us ? Is not that worse than Brutish Sin of Drunkenness,
become a prevailing Iniquity all over the Countrey? How has Wine
and Cyder, but most of all Rum, Debauched multitudes of People^ Young
and Old? Considering the late Lamentable Fire was Occasioned by
Drunkenness^ {as is believed) has not the Lord written His Displeasure
against that Sin in a Peculiar manner^ in Fiery Characters?"—
Preface.

**The Fire we now Bewail this day^ is supposed to be occasioned
by a wicked drunken Woman." — Text, p. 33.

The same. 2d edition. Boston. 1712. sm. 8vo. pp. (2),
36. W.

108. A Discourse [i m. 28 d. 1711.] | Concerning the Death of
the I Righteous. | Occasioned by the Death of the | Honourable, j
John Foster Esqr. [ Who dyed at Boston in New-England j Feb.
9th. 1710, II. I And of his Pious Consort, | Mrs. Abigail Foster. |
Who departed soon after him, | viz. on the 5th. of March. || Bos-
ton: Printed by B. Green. 171 1. sm. 8vo. pp. 29. M^ P.

462 CLASS OF 1656.

109. An I Earnest Exhortation | To The | Children | of | New-
England, I To Exalt the | God of their Fathers. | Delivered in a
Sermon. || Boston, in N. £• Printed for Benjamin Eliot, under the
West End of the Exchange, in King-Street. 171 1. i2mo. Pp.
(2) To the Reader. Boston, Nov. 9. 1710; Text, headed My Fa-
thers God, I will Exalt Him, pp. 39 ; to which is appended C.
Mather's Man Eating the Food of Angels. 5, i/, Af, P.

110. Meditations | on the | Glory | of the | Heavenly World, j
I. On the Happiness of the Souls of | Believers, at the Instant of
their | Separation from their Bodies. II. On the Glory of the
Bodies of | God's Children, in the Resurrecti- | on World, when
they shall be as | the Angels of Heaven. III. On the Glory of
both Soul and | Body in the Heaven of Heavens, | after the Day
of Judgment, to all | Eternity. || Boston. 1711. sm. 8vo or i6mo.
Pp. V Preface, October loth. 1711; 276 Text; and (iv). A^ P.

111. Meditations | On the Sanctification | of the | Lord's Day, |
and I On the Judgments which | attend the Profanation of it. ) To
which is added, | Seasonable Meditations both for | Winter and
Summer. || Boston Printed by T. G. for S. Gerrish, at the Sign of
the Buck in Marlborough Street. 17 12. sm. i2mo. Preface,
Sept. 8. 1712. pp. xj Text pp. 71, with "August 24, 1712" at
the end. P.

112. Seasonable | Meditations | both for | Winter & Summer. |
Being the Substance of Two | Sermons [Preached in Boston, April
6. 1 712.] II Boston Printed by John Allen, 171 2. i2mo. Preface,
Sept. 20. 1712. pp. 14; Text pp. 51. Appended to the pre-
ceding. P, fF.

114. To the Reader. Boston August 8th. 1712. sq. 8vo.
pp. iv. Prefixed to the Fourth Edition of A Letter From Some
Aged Nonconforming Ministers . • . Touching the Reasons of
their Practice. Af, P, JV.

INCREASE MATHER. 463

will be I Gainful to all that do so. | Upon | the Death of a Valu-
able Relative [his daughter-in-law]. || Boston, Printed by B. G. for
S. Gerrish. 17 13. sm. i2nio. pp. 34. i/, M.

116. Now or Never | Is the | Time for Men to make Sure of
their | Eternal Salvation. | Several | Sermons, | In which is Declared ; |
I. That now is the Day of Sal- | vation. | II. That it is Wisdom,
for Men to | Consider their Latter End. | III. That Impenitent
Sinners, will | be found Guilty of their Own | Destruction. || Bos-
ton, Printed and sold by T. Green. 1713. i2mo. Preface,
August 14. 1713; Text pp. 113. B,

117. A Plain Discourse, | shewing | who shall, & who shall not, |
Enter into the | Kingdom of Heaven, | and | How far Men may
go and yet | fall short of | Heaven, | After their seeming to be |
Converted and Religious. || Boston. 1713* sm. i2mo or 24mo.
pp. v, 112.

118. To the Reader. Boston, Decemb. 12. 1713. i2mo.
pp. (4). Prefixed to T. Reynolds's Lives of Mrs. Mary Terry and
Mrs. Clissould. M^ P.

119. To the Reader. Boston, Novemb. 26. I7i3. 4to. pp.
ii. Prefixed to H. Flint's Doctrine of the Last Judgment. P.

121. A I Sermon | Concerning | Obedience & Resignation | to
the Will of God | in Every Thing. | Occasion'd by the Death | of
that Pious Gentlewoman | Mrs Mariah Mather | Late Consort of |
Increase Mather, D. D., | Who Entred into her Everlasting Rest, |
on the Lord's Day April 4, 1714. || Boston, Printed and Sold by
T. Green, at his Shop in Middle Street 17 14. pp. vi, 40. Run-
ning title. Let the Will of the Lord be done. B.

122. To the Reader. Boston, November 15. 17 14. 8vo.
pp. v-xii. Prefixed to S. Stoddard's Guide to Christ. M^ P.

123. Preface, Boston, Dec. 19, 17 15, to C. Mather's Utilia,
pp. 5.

464 CLASS OF 1656.

Bridge a Lately deceased | Pastor in one of the Churches in Bos-
ton. || Boston. 1715. i2mo. P. I Preface. October 17. 1715;
and Text pp. 126. P,

125. A I Discourse | Concerning the | Existence and the Om-
niscience I of I God. I Plainly Proving, | i. That there is a God. j
2. That the God of Heaven knows | all things. | Being the Sub-
stance of several | Sermons. || 17 16. pp. 86. B.

126. A I Disquisition | Concerning | Ecclesiastical Councils. |
Proving, that not only Pastors, But | Brethren delegated by the
Curch- I es, have equally a Right to a deci- | sive Vote in such
Assemblies. To | which is added. Proposals concern- | ing Con-
sociation of Churches, A- | greed upon by a Synod, which Con- |
vened at Boston, in New-England. | With a Preface, containing a
further | Vindication of the | Congregational Discipline. || Boston,
Printed for N. Boone, at the Sign of the Bible in Cornhill. 17 16.
i2mo. Pp. XX The Preface, October 30. 1716 ; Text pp. 47 ; and
Advertisement p. (i). i/, AT, P, T, fV.

The same. In the Congregational Quarterly, xii. 25-47.

127. Two Discourses | Shewing, | I. That the Lords Ears are |
open to the Prayers of the | Righteous. | II. The Dignity & Duty
of I Aged Servants of the Lord. | Also, | A Preface in which the |
Congregational Discipline of | the Churches in New-England | is
Vindicated, with the Authors | Dying Testimony there-unto. || Bos-
ton 17 16. Preface. July 26. 1716. pp. ix; Text 141 ; Errata

(I), p.

128. To the Reader. Boston, March 4. 1716, 17. i6mo.
pp. vi. Prefixed to J. Sewall's Precious Treasure in Earthen
Vessels. //, M, P.

129. Preface to T. Prince's God brings to the Desired Haven.
1717. M.

130. Preface, i2mo. pp. v!., to C. Mather's Hades Look'd into.
Boston [171 7?]. M.

131. To the Reader. Boston. July 6. 1717. l2mo. pp. (5).
Prefixed to J. Wise's Prayer in Affliction. M.

132. To the Reader. Boston 1717. l6mo. pp. iv. Pre-
fixed to J. Capen's Funeral Sermon Occasioned by the Death of
Joseph Green. M.

133. Preface to Marah Spoken to. Or a Brief Essay to do good
unto the Widow. Boston: Febr. 22, 171 7, 18. pp. vi. M.

INCREASE MATHER. 465

134. Charge at the Ordination of T. Prince, October i. 1718.
Being page 71 in Prince's Ordination Sermon. i/, My P.

135. Practical Truths, | Plainly Delivered : | Wherein is Shewed, |
I. That true Believers on Jesus | Christ, shall as certainly enjoy j
Everlasting Life in Heaven, as | if they were there already. [Preached
at Boston, Novemb. 3d. 171 7.] | II. That there is a blessed Mar- |
riage between Jesus Christ the | Son of God, & the true Believer. |
III. That Men are Infinitely | concerned, not only to hear | the
Voice of Christ, but that | they do it. To Day [Preached July 28.
1717]. IV. The Work of the Ministry, | described, in an Ordi-
nation I Sermon [Preached at Cambridge, October 9. 171 7. When
Mr. Nathaniel Appleton Was Ordained Pastor of the Church
there]. || Boston, N. E. Printed by B. Green, for Daniel Hench-
man, & Sold at his Shop. 1718. i2mo. Preface pp. (2) Feb. 20.
1717-18; Text pp. 138. Af, P.

136. Preface, Boston. June 25. 17 18. i2mo. pp. iv. In
I. Loring's Duty and Interest of Young Persons to Remember
their Creator. M.

137. Preface to C. Mather's Sermon at E. Callender's Ordina-
tion. 1718. H.

138. A I Sermon | Wherein is Shewed, | I. That the Ministers
of the Gospel | need, and ought to desire the I Prayers of the Lord's
People I for them. | II. That the People of God ought | to Pray
for his Ministers. | Preached at Roxbury, October 29. 1718. |
When I Mr. Thomas Walter | Was Ordained a Pastor in that
Church, by | his Grand-Father. || Boston : Printed by S. Kneeland,
for J. Edwards, at his Shop next door to the Light-House Tavern,
in King-Street. 1718. 8vo. Preface pp. ii. Novemb. 6. 1718;
Text 35. J, My P.

139. Sermons | wherein | Those Eight Characters of the Blessed |
Commonly called the | Beatitudes, | Are Opened & Applyed | in |
Fifteen Discourses. | To which is added, | A Sermon concerning
Assurance of the | Love of Christ. || Boston, N. E. Printed by
B. Green, for Daniel Henchman, and Sold at his Shop. 1718.
8vo. Preface pp. iv. August 8. 1718; Text 298. M.

140. A Preface. Boston, February 13th. 1718, 19. 8vo.
pp. iv. Prefixed to J. White's Secret Prayer Inculcated. M,

141. A Preface. Boston, March 6th. 1718, 19. i2mo. pp.
iv. Prefixed to T. Symmes's Monitor for Delaying Sinners. M.

30 fPriated 1879, September Z7.J

466 CLASS OF 1656.

142. Attestation. Boston. 10. d. X. m. A. D. 17 19. Aeutis,
LXXXI. 8vo. pp. iv. Prefixed to C. Mather's Ratio Disci-
plinse. i/, P.

143. Five Sermons | on | Several Subjects, I. A Birth Day
Sermon, Preached | on the Day when the Author | attained to the
Eightieth Year of his Age [A Plain Discourse | Concerning every
Man's I Birth Sin || with the running-title Every Man in the World
is born a Sinful Creature, pp. 1-27]. II. A dying Testimony
to the So- I vereign Grace of God in the | Salvation of His Elect,
Con- I taining Three Sermons, [pp. 28-97, ^"^^ running-titlc
Salvation is wholly from Sovereign Grace.] III. Believers en-
couraged to Pray | from the Consideration of | Christs Interceding
for them, and with them. [Preached at Boston on a Fast-Day.
April 2*^ 1719- pp. 98-128, with running-title Jesus Christ in
Heaven intercedes for Believers on Earth.] || Boston: Printed by
B. Green, for Daniel Henchman, Sold at his Shop. 17 19. sm.
i2mo. pp. V, 148. fV.

In the Preface the author says, "Taken from me when Preached,
by One that has a rare Dexterity in Writing Characters, the same
Person, who at first in short hand, and after that in a very Legi-
ble hand transcribed the Sermons on the Beatitudes^ lately Printed.*'
^^ No Man can expect any thing great from me, as on other ac-
counts, so in respect of my Age."

144. A Preface. Boston, in N. E. March 25th, 17 19. sm.
8vo. pp. iv. Prefixed to William Boyd's "Return" Sermon,
entitled God's Way the Best Way, etc, M.

The Reverend William Boyd, of Macasky, Ireland, was sent
out by the Presbyterians at Londonderry and vicinity, with an ad-
dress to Governor Shute, expressing a desire to remove to New
England, if they could receive encouragement. Boyd was author-
ized to make all necessary arrangements with the civil authority.
The document brought by him, dated 26 March, 1718, is on
parchment, and still in good preservation. Shute favored the propo-
sition, and the result was an emigration in five ships which arrived at
Boston 4 August, 1718. The emigrants settled at Londonderry,
in New Hampshire, and in other places. From them have de-
scended some of the most honored and valuable men in the United
States. The Discourse was preached at the Lecture in Boston,
March 19, 1718-19, when the author was about returning to his

INCREASE MATHER. 467

native country. Further particulars may be found in Belknap's
New Hampshire, Parker's Londonderry, etc.

145. Awakening Soul-Saving Truths Plainly Delivered In Sev-
eral Sermons in which is shewed, I. That Many are called, who
are not effectually Called. II. That Men may be of the Visible
Church, and yet not be of the Lords Church. III. That the
Chosen of God are comparatively but Few. || Boston. Printed by
S. Kneeland for B. Gray, and J. Edwards, at their Shops on the
North and South side of the Town-House, 1720.

146. The Preface, signed Increase Mather, Cotton Mather.
Boston, Decemb. 31, 1720. i2mo. pp. (2). Hillhouse's Ser-
mon on the Death of his Mother Rachel Hillhouse. M.

147. Preface. Boston Sept. i. 1720. 8vo. pp. ii. Prefixed
to the Second Impression of C. Mather's Right Way to Shake off
a Viper. M.

I. Mather says, " The Essay nmu to he offered unto the Reader
was Printed at London Nine Tears ago. But I never saw it until
within these few Days j nor list I to Enquire after the Author. I find
in it not only Erudition and Ingenuity, hut that which is a thousand
times hetter^ a Gospel Spirit of Real Piety: And that the Author {who^
ever he he) is a Person of Great Reading and Acquaintance with Learned
Writers; and has made his Knowledge suhservient unto his Religion, I
have therefore advised the Reprinting of it in Boston 5 Hoping that
GOD will bless itj both for the Conviction of them who are concerned
as Transgressors, and for the Consolation of them who may he con-*
cerned as Sufferers, hy Defamations."

Truth in | the Churches. | 1 By Increase Mather, D. D. | With

the Concurrence of Other- 1 Ministers of the Gospel in Boston. ||
Boston, N. E. Printed by B. Green, for D. Henchman, and Sold
at his Shop. 1720. sm. 8vo. or i6mo. Pp. (2) To the Reader,
signed by Increase Mather, March ist. 1720; and Text pp. 20
with date "29 d. XII. m. 1719, 20," at the end. A^ //, M^ P, W.

149. Advice to the Children of Godly Ancestors. Given July
9. 1 72 1. And taken in Short-Hand, by One of the Hearers. 8vo.
pp. 16. M, P, W.

This " Advice," given by the author in the eighty-third year of
his age, without using any notes, is in ^^ A Course of Sermons on

468 CLASS OF 1656.

Early Piety. By the Eight Ministers who carry on the Thursdaf
Lecture in Boston," printed in 1721, to which he wrote the Pref-
ace, dated July 4, 1721.

150. Attestation, n. p., n. d., p. i. Prefixed to C. Mather's
Accomplished Singer. Boston. 1721. 8vo. H.

151. To the Reader. Decemb. 28th, 1721. sm. 8vo. pp.
iv. Prefixed to J. Belcher's God Giveth the Increase. Af, P.

152. Some further Account | from London, of the Small- | Pox
Inoculated. | The Second Edition. | With some Remarks on a late
Scan- I dalous Pamphlet Entituled, In- | oculation of the Small
Pox as I practis'd in Boston, &c. || Boston : Printed for J. Edwards,
at the Corner Shop on the North-side of the Town-House. 1721.
sm. 8vo. pp. 8. Imprint at the end. i/, M.

153. An Attestation. Sept. 4. 1722. sm. 8vo. pp. ii. Pre-
fixed to C. Mather's Coelestinus. >/, i/, P.

154. Charge at W. Waldron's Ordination, May 23, 1722. 8vo.
pp. 33, 34, of C. Mather's Love Triumphant.

156. Elijah's Mantle. | 1 A Faithful | Testimony, | To the \

Cause and Work of God, | in the Churches of | New-England. |
And I The Great End and Interest | of these Plantations, | Dropt
and Left by Four Servants of God [Jonathan Mitchel, John Hig-
ginson, William Stoughton, Increase Mather], | Famous in the
Service of the Churches. | Highly Seasonable to be Offered unto
the People, | now Succeeding in the New-English Colonies, | for
their Serious Consideration. || Boston [Nov. 19th.] 1722. sm. 8vo.
pp. ii, 17, 2. Anonymous. i/, Af, P, fV.

J. M. (ather, D. D.) is written in a contemporary hand.

INCREASE MATHER. 469

158. The Prefkce to the Reader. Boston, May ist. 1722.
8vo. pp. iv. Prefixed to J. Monis's Truth. //, W.

159. A Call to the Tempted. | | A Sermon | On the hor-
rid Crime | Of | Self-Murder, | Preached on a Remarkable Occa-
sion, I by the Memorable | Dr. Increase Mather. | And now Pub-
lished from his Notes, | for a Charitable Stop to Suicides. || Boston,
March 12th 1723,4. i6mo. pp. II, 17. At the end is "Bos-
ton, 23 d. V. m. 1682." A^ P.

160. Letter in Answer to the Question, "Whether it be Law-
ful for a Church-Member among us, to be frequently in Taverns ?
Pp. 27-30 of C. Mather and others' Serious Address to those who
unnecessarily frequent the Tavern. ... By several Ministers. Bos-
ton. 1726. 8vo. i/, Af, P.

161. Mather Papers. In the Collections of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, xxxvlii.

162. Manuscript Diaries, Correspondence, etc., in the Ameri-
can Antiquarian, the Massachusetts Historical, and the Prince
Libraries; there being a very minute printed catalogue of every-
thing contained in this last.

In preparing this catalogue of Mather's writings, important aid
has been received from George Brinley, of Hartford, Connecticut,
among whose treasures are works of Mather not found elsewhere ;
a large number of public and private libraries have been explored \
and, where practicable, the titles have been copied from the books
themselves. The duplicating and peculiarities of the titles, and
the manner in which many of the works were issued, together with
the variety and remoteness of the places in which they must now
be looked for, preclude the possibility of exemption from repetitions,
omissions, and inaccuracies, so that, notwithstanding the labor of
months bestowed on this list, any person having a Mather-mania
will find never-failing employment in improving it.

AXJTHORITIES.— I. Backus, Church Genealog. Register, 191. Harvard

History of New England, ii. 50. G. College Steward's Account-Books, i.

Brinley, Letter, 1872, February 13. 129, 130; and Corporation Records,

E. Calamy, Ejected or Silenced Min- ii. 56, 68 ; iii. 71, 7Zi 85. T. Hutch-

isters, iii. 494. J. Farmer, in Amer- inson. History of Massachusetts Bay,

ican Quarterly Register, ix. 367 ; and i. 411, 413. Massachusetts Manu-

470 CLASS OF 1656.

script Archives, Iviii. 50^ 143, 149, F. Poole, Cotton Mather and Salem

226 ; and General Court Records, vi. Witchcraft J. Quincy, History of

612, 618; viL 130, 229, 231, 241,342; Harvard University, i. 38, 55, etc;

Public Records, iv. (i.) 280 ; iv. (ii.) 24, and a volume of MS. extracts among

508 ; v. 4, 324. Mass. Hist. Society, the College Corporation Documents.

Collections, iii. 126; ix.273; xxxviii.; C. Robbins, History of the Second

and Proceedings. C. Mather, Mag- Church, 12, 211 -217. J. Savage,

nalia; and Parentator. D. Neal, Genealogical Dictionary, iii. 172, 174.

Hist of New England, ii. 114. New C. W. Upham, Salem Witchcraft;

England Historical and Genealogical also his Salem Witchcraft and Cotton

B, Peirce, History of Harvard Uni- courses, 6, 46. W. H. Whitmorc

versity, 51-72. S. Palmer, Non- Andros Tracts, iL ; and Letter, 1872,

conformist's Memorial, i. 540. W. March 29.

ROBERT PAINE.

Robert Paine, M. A., preacher, was son of Elder
Robert Paine, of Ipswich, Massachusetts. His account
on the Steward's books extends from **his Entrance Into
the Colledge," 11-4-52, to 5-4-57. Among his pay-
ments were butter, wheat, wheat-malt, barley-malt, rye-
malt, and a barrel of pork, he being charged 6d. for
bringing the pork from Boston. I find no further in-
formation respecting him till about 1675, when he was
preaching at Wells and declined a proposition to go to
Saco and Biddeford.

In 1685 he was made freeman.

Upham says "he was probably the foreman of the
grand jury that brought in all the indictments in the
witchcraft trials" at Salem in 1692. As his signature is
attached to deeds and documents near the close of the
century, and he is not starred in Mather's Magnalia nor
in the Triennial Catalogue of 1700, he probably lived
till the eighteenth century; according to Savage, he was
living in 1704.

SHUBAEL DUMMER. 47 1

July II, 1666, he married Elizabeth Reiner; had a son
John, born 24 October, 1684, and left a daughter, Eliza-
beth, who married Daniel Smith, and died in 17 17.

Authorities. — J. B. Felt, His- Books, i. 131, 132. J. Savage, Gen-

tory of Ipswich, 170. G. Folsom, ealogical Dictionary, iii. 334, 335.

History of Saco and Biddeford, 131. C W. Upham, Salem Witchcraft, ii.

Harvard College Steward's Account- 449.

SHUBAEL DUMMER.

Bom 1636^ died 1692, aged 55.

Rev. Shubael Dummer, B. A., of York, Maine, born
17 February, 1636, probably at Newbury, Massachusetts,
was son of Richard Dummer, who, born about 1599 *^
Bishopstoke in Hants, came from England in 1632 and
first "sat down at Roxbury," his wife Mary being "a
godly woman, but by the seduction of some of her ac-
quaintances ... led away into the new opinions in Mrs.
Hutchinson's time."

The graduate was probably fitted for college by the
Reverend Thomas Parker, of Newbury, whither his father
removed. The charges against him on the College Stew-
ard's books begin with his entrance fee, 8-4-52, and end
7-7-56. One item is "showmending," and for three of
the quarters he is charged but half-tuition. Among the
credits, several of which are for payments by "Jonathan
hides" and "goodm vnderwood," are malt, wheat @
5s. a bushel, a calf @ 14s. and "two hoges wight 226I.
att 3d. pr pound."

From a petition to the General Court, 27 May, 1660,
in "behalf of the inhabitants of y* new toune at Salis-
bury," it appears that "the brethren that Hue at the new

472 CLASS OF 1656.

toune [Amesbury] haue lately signified to the church
that they were in hand with M' Subaell Duiner" for a
settlement in the ministry, and that the church **heere-
vpon doe voate, that they apphend M' Dumer maybe a
man suitable for that worke amongst them."

Sewel, the Quaker historian, speaks of three Quaker
women, who, in the winter of 1662-3, after being se-
verely whipped, "went to New-^echawanahy where they
had a Meeting, and Shubal Drummer the Priest of the
Place, came also thither, and sat quiet. And the Meet-
ing being ended, he stood up, and said. Good JVomaiy ye
have spoken welly and prayed well; pray what is your Rule?
They answering. The Spirit of God is our Rule, and it ought
to be thine y and all Mens to walk by. He replied, // is
not my Rule, nor I hope ever shall be. A clear Evidence
how Prejudice may biass even discreet People; for being
prepossessed thereby, they will speak sometimes rashly,
without considering what."

In 1662 Dummer was preaching at York, Maine.

In 1665 he was made freeman.

Probably he continued at York till 3 December, 1672,
when the church was organized and he was ordained,
preaching his own sermon; the first prayer being made
by Joshua Moodey, of Portsmouth, H. U. 1653, and
the charge given by Samuel Phillips, of Rowley, H. U.
1650.

Cotton Mather says he "was One of whom for his
Exemplary Holiness, Humbleness, Modesty, Industry
and Fidelity, The World was not Worthy. He was a Gen-
tleman /iTif//- Descended, /ir^//-Tempered, /if^^//-Educated.
. • • He might have taken for his Coat of Arms the same
that the Holy Martyr Hooper Prophetically did, A Lamb
in a Flaming Bushy with Rays from Heaven shining on it.
He had been Sollicited with many Temptations to leave
his Place when the Clouds grew Thick and Black in the

SHUBAEL DUMMER. 473

Indian Hostilities^ and were like to break upon it; but
he chose rather with a paternal Affection to stay amongst
those who had been so many of them Converted and
Edified by his Ministry; and he spent very much of
his own Patrimony to subsist among them, when their
Distresses made them unable to support him, as other-
wise they would have done. In a word, he was one that
might by way of Eminency be called, A Good Man^

At "ten o'clock in the morning" of 25 January,
1 69 1-2, a "Body of Indians^* and French Canadians,
** consisting of divers Hundreds," coming on snow-shoes,
**set upon the Town of Tork, where the Inhabitants were
in their unguarded Houses here and there scattered, ^iet
and Secure. Upon the Firing of a Gun by the Indians^
which was their Signal^ the Inhabitants looked out but
unto their Amazement, found their Houses to be In-
vested with horrid Salvages, who immediately kill'd many
of those unprovided Inhabitants, and more they took
Prisoners." Pike says they "killed about 48 persons
. . . and carried captive 73," the others escaping into the
garrisoned houses, which the enemy summoned to sur-
render, but did not venture to attack. Dummer's resi-
dence was about thirty rods from the sea-shore, near the
Roaring Rock. To cite Mather again, " This Good Man
was just going to take Horse at his own Door, upon a
Journey in the Service of God, when the Tygres that
were making their Depredations upon the Sheep of Tork
seiz'd upon this their Shepherd^ and they shot him so,
that they left him Dead among the Tribe of Abel on
the Ground." Hutchinson says "he was shot dead, as
he was mounting his horse at his door." Williamson
says he "was found by some of his surviving neighbors,
fallen dead upon his face, near his own door."

Dummer's ^^ Churchy as many of them as were in that
Captivity, endured this, among other Anguishes, that

474 CLASS OF 1656.

on the next Lord*s Day^ one of the Tawnies chose to
Exhibit himself unto them, [A Devil as an Angel of
Light /] in the Cloaths whereof they had stript the Dead
Body of this their Father. Many were the Tears that
were dropt throughout New-England on this Occasion;
and these among the rest: For tho' we do not, as Tra-
dition tells us, the Antediluvians did use to do by the
Blood o/^htly yet we cannot but mournfully Sing 0/ the
Blood of such an SCib^l.

"EPITAPH,

"T^tttirmer the shepherd Sacnfidd
1^ By Wolves, because the Sheep he prisld.
The Orphans Father, Churches Light,
The Love of Heav'n, of Hell the Spight.
The Countries Gapman, and the Face
That Shone, but knew it not, with Grace.
Hunted by Devils, but Relieved
By Angels, and on high Received.
The Martyf^d Pelican, who Bled
Rather than leave his Charge Unfed.
A proper Bird of Paradise,
Shoty and Flown thither in a Trice.

"Lord hear the Cry ^Righteous fitttlttlt^f ^ Wounds^
Ascending still against the Salvage Hounds,
That Worry thy dear Flocks ; and let the Cry
Add Force to Theirs that at thine Altar lye.

"To compleat the Epitaph of this Good Man, there now needs
no more than the famous old Chaucet^s Motto,

^^Mors mihi cerumnarum Requiesr

His successor, Samuel Moody, H. U. 1697, began to
preach at York in 1698, and was ordained there in 1700.

In the year of his graduation Dummer was married to
Mary, daughter of Edward Rishworth, of Exeter and
Wells, whose wife was a daughter of the Reverend John

JOHN HAYNES.

475

Wheelwright. Mather says the enemy carried the wife
**into Captivity, where through Sorrows and Hardships
among those Dragons of the Desarty she also quickly
Died"; though, according to Greenleaf, she lived to be
redeemed and returned. It is not known that they left
any children.

Authorities. — N. Adams, An-
nals of Portsmouth, 95. S. G.
Drake, Book of the Indians, 332.
J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, 89;
and in American Quart Register, x.
241. J. Greenleaf, Sketches of Ec-
clesiastical Hist of Maine, 9, 10. A.
Holmes, Annals of America, i. 441.
T. Hutchinson, History of Massachu-
setts Bay, i. 405. Massachusetts
Bay Records, iv. (i.) 429. C Ma-
ther, Magnalia, vii. 77, D. Neal,
History of New England, ii. no.
S. Niles, Indian Wars, in Collections

of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, xxvi. 227. J. Pike, Journal,
in Collections of the New Hampshire
Histor. Society, iii. 44. J. Savage,
Genealog. Dictionary, iL 79 ; iii. 544.
R. M. Sawyer, in Congregational
Quarterly, viii. 147. D. Sewall, in
Collections of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, iiL 8. W. Sewel,
Quakers, 325. J. Sullivan, History
of District of Maine, 238. W. D.
Williamson, History of Maine, i. 629,
672.

JOHN HAYNES.

Died before 1671.

Rev. John Haynes, probably born in New England,
was son of Governor John Haynes, of Massachusetts and
afterward of Connecticut, who arrived at Boston, 3 Sep-
tember, 1633, in the Griffin, with the Reverend Thomas
Hooker; his mother, a second wife, being Mabel, sister
of Roger Harlakenden.

During part of his college course he may have been
absent, there being "detrements" and "discontinuance"
on some of his bills, the first of which is dated 10-7-52
and the last 5-7-56. His payments were made chiefly in

476 CLASS OF 1656.

wheat, though he is credited also with malt, "a side of
beast," "a side of porke," etc.

In February, 1656-7, he was made freeman of Con-
necticut. Soon afterward he went to England, and in
1660 took the degree of Master of Arts at Pembroke
Hall, in the University of Cambridge. February 3,
1665-6, he describes himself, in a deed to his brother,
Joseph Haynes, H. U. 1658, as "of Hemmington, in the
County of Suffolk, Clerk." On the presentation of John
Eldred, Junior, of Olivers, whose father had been col-
lector of sequestrations for the County of Essex, he was
instituted, "28. Mai 1668 per mort Baldock," rector of
Swansey near Coggeshall and Copford Hall, where his
half-brother, Major-General Hezekiah Haynes, resided.
"He enjoyed the rectory till his death, which occurred
prior to April 25, 1671."

Authorities. — Connecticut Rec- Books, i. 135, 136. New England

ords, i. 292. H. Edes, in New Historical and Genealogical Register,

England Historical and Genealogical xvii. 96. J. Savage, Genealogical

1869, July 26, 27. J. Farmer, in Letter, 1872, July 29. C Whittel-

American Quarterly Register, x. 243. sey. Discourse on Mary Qap, 19.
Harvard College Steward's Account-

JOHN ELIOT.

Bom 1636, died 1668, aged 32.

Rev. John Eliot, M. A., of Newton, eldest son of
the Apostle Eliot, by his wife Anne Mountfort, was
born 3 August, 1636, at Roxbury, and baptized in the
First Church at Boston on the 28 th of the following
December. Cotton Mather says, "He bore his Fathers
Natne^ and had his Father s Grace. He was a Person of

JOHN ELIOT. 477

notable Accomplishments, and a lively, zealous, acute
Preacher, not only to the English at New-Cambridge^ but
also to the Indians thereabout." Morton says, "He was
Educated (at Cambridge) in the Latine School, and in
the Colledge, until he became Master of Arts''

From the Steward's Account-Books, which contain
no charge for "Entrance," it appears that his connection
with the institution continued without interruption from
10-7-52, the date of his first quarter-bill, till 5-4-57; a
subsequent bill, 9-6-59, being £3 for "three years det-
rements," 7s. 7id. for commons and sizings, and £2 for
"his Comencment chardges" when he took his second
degree. The items on his bills indicate self-denial in
regard to everything not necessary for his comfort.

Among the items put to his credit are "geott mutten,"
"a geoatt 14s. mor by two wether goott^ 28s.," "foulles
5s.," "ane oxe £6 4s. 8}d.," "two bush of appeles 8s.,"
"barly malt from goodman pearpoynte £ 5," and "beaflF,"
etc., from Joseph Wise, who was a butcher in Roxbury.
It is not improbable that some of these were contribu-
tions for his support from his friends or the friends of
his father. March 9, 1654-5, £3 15s. is allowed him
from "a schollership," and, "9-6-56," £7 los. from
"two schollershipes." His bills were not all paid till
28-5-59, a few days before he took his second degree,
when he is credited by ten shillings in "siluer," "a
weather," "wheatte," "appelles," "checkenes," etc.

In 1660 he was made freeman.

From a comparison of dates, it appears that he began
his ministerial labors about the time he left college.
Annually, in September, 1657, 1658, 1659, and 1660,
for his services amongst the Indians, the Commissioners
of the United Colonies allowed him twenty pounds,
which was increased to twenty-five pounds in 1661, and
to fifty in 1662 and 1663, these being all the records

478 CLASS OF 1656.

of payments which I have found, except twenty-five
pounds allowed as late as September, 1667.

July 20, 1664, the first church at Nonantum, New
Cambridge, or Cambridge Village, now Newton, was
organized, and he was ordained.

Gookin says he ''was not only pastor of an Engrlish
church . . • and a very excellent preacher in the English
tongue; but also, for sundry years, he preached the
gospel unto the Indians, once a fortnight constantly at
Pakemitt [Stoughton], and sometimes at Natick and
other places: and the most judicious christian Indians
esteemed very highly of him, as a most excellent preacher
in their language, as I have often heard them say."

Morton says: "He was a person excellently endowed,
and accomplished with Gifts of Nature^ Learnings and
Grace \ of comely Proportion, ruddy Complexion, chear-
ful Countenance; of quick Apprehension, solid Judge-
ment, excellent Prudence; Learned both in Tongues and
Arts for one of his time, and studiously intense in ac-
quiring more knowledge. His Abilities and Acceptation
in the Ministry did excell; His Piety, Faith, Love,
Humility, Self-deniall, and Zeal, did eminently shine
upon all occasions. ... In a word, there was so much of
God in him, that all the wise and godly who knew him,
loved and honoured him in the Lord, and bewailed his
death."

Hubbard says: "For his years" he ^' vms nulli secundus
as to all literature and other gifts, both of nature and
grace, which made him so generally acceptable to all
that had opportunity of partaking of his labors, or the
least acquaintance with him."

Homer says: "A tender affection subsisted between
him and the people of his charge. A warm friendship
prevailed between him and the venerable Mitchell of
Cambridge, with whom he frequently exchanged pulpits,"

JOHN ELIOT. 479

and whom he survived about three months. "He fell
sick with an eruption of blood," and died 13 October,
1668. His successor in the ministry was Nehemiah Ho-
bart, H. U. 1667.

Eliot's first wife was Sarah, born 4 May, 1643, third
daughter of Thomas Willet, the first English mayor of
New York City. She died 13 June, 1664, having had
Sarah, baptized 21 September, 1662, who married, 16
November, 1681, John Bowles, H. U. 1671. May 23,
1666, he married Elizabeth, born 14 March, 1645,
daughter of Major-General Daniel Gookin, and by her
had John, H. U. 1685. December 8, 1680, the widow
married Colonel Edmund Quincy, and died 30 Novem-
ber, 1700.

According to Jackson, Eliot*s homestead of twenty
acres was situated on the westerly side of the Dedham
road, about sixty rods north of the burying-ground. In
his will, Eliot desired that, after his wife's decease, it
should descend to their son, John Eliot. By order of
the General Court in October, 1733, on the petition of
Jonathan Elsworth and Mary, the widow of this son,
who were the executors, it was sold for £415 to Henry
Gibbs, to defray the expenses of educating the grandson,
John Eliot, who also was an only son. In 1736 Gibbs
sold the place to the Reverend John Cotton, H. U.
17 10.

WORKS.

A Speech of Mr. John Eliot upon his Death-Bed. Printed in
the Congregational Quarterly, vii. 194.

In reference to this Speech, Cotton Mather says, Eliot "upon
his Death-bed uttered such penetrating things as could proceed
from none, but one upon the Borders and Confines of Eternal
Glory."

Authorities. — Congregational American Quarterly Register, x. 243.
Quarterly, viL 193. J. Farmer, in D. Gookin, in Collections of the Mas-

480

CLASS OF 1656.

sachusetts Historical Society, i. 171.
Harvard College Steward's Account-
Books, i. 137, 138. £. Hazard, State
Papers, ii. 378, 395, 406, 43I1 433»
508. A. Holmes, Annals of America,
i. 35a J. Homer, Century Sermon,
18. W. Hubbard, History of New
England, in Collections of the Mas-
sachusetts Historical Society, xvi.
606. J. Hull, Diary, in the Archae-
ologia Americana, iii. 187, 228. F.
Jackson, History of Newton, 117,

120, 275. Massachusetts Historical
Society, Collections, i. 171, 218; ▼.
266; xvi. 606. Mass. House Jour-
nals, 1733, 93. C. Mather, Magna-
lia, iii. 173. N. Morton, New Eng-
land's Memorial, 196, 197. Plym-
outh Colony Records, x. 188, 205, 218,
245, 262, 277, 296, 330. E. S. Quin-
cy. Letter, 1863, July 24. J. Sav-
age, Genealogical Dictionary, i. 224;
ii. 1 10, 279 ; iv. 557.

THOMAS GRAVES.

Born 1638, died 1697, aged 59.

Thomas Graves, M. A., of Charlestown, Massachu-
setts, where he was born in 1638, was son of Thomas
Graves, who married Catharine Gray, daughter of Kath-
erine Coitmore by her first husband. His college ex-
penses,' as indicated by the charges against him on the

* In the Proceedings of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society, Septem-
ber, i860, page 60, are some state-
ments by Lucius Robinson Paige,
derived from the earliest account-
book of the Steward, respecting " the
moderate cost of a four-years' resi-
dence in college" in Graves's time.
"Of those who graduated from 1653
to 1659, ... the total expense ranged
from £30, 2s. i^. to £61. IIS. 8|d.;
or from about $100 to about $200.
During the same period ... the price
of wheat was five shillings per bushel ;
of barley and malt, four shillings and
sixpence ; of rye and pease, four shil-
lings; and of Indian com, three shil-
lings. ... As an illustration of the

ordinary character of college-expenses
at that period, . . . the charges, for his
junior year, against Thomas Graves,''
are copied.

"S, 10, 54. Commones and sizinges £2

8s. 9d. 2qr. Tuition 8s. study rente

and beed 4s. fyer and candell 2s.

fewer loode of wood I7s.4d.
"9, 1, 54-5. Commones and sizinges £2

i6s. lod. Tuition study rente and

beed 12s. wood on load on Jagge

6s. 6d.
'%4f 55- Commones and sizinges £2

9s. II d. Tuition 8s. study rente 2s.

beedmakinge is. 9d.
"7» 7» 55' Commones and sizinges £1

I2S. 7d. 2qr. Tuition 8s. study rente

and beed lis. yd."

THOMAS GRAVES. 48 1

Steward's books, were unusually large, from which it
may be inferred that he was of a wealthy family.

He settled as a physician in his native town.

August 8, 1664, the General "Court judgeth it meet
to allow some meete person to dispense the word of God
to such as are intended for this expedition [against the
Dutch at the Monhatoes], & desire the honored M' Wil-
loughby & M' Russell would treat w*** M' Graves there-
about, & if he be not to be obteyned, it is then left to
the cheife officers to procure some other.'*

Graves was admitted to the church in Charlestown,
17 September, 1665.

November 28, 1666, he was chosen Tutor or Fellow
of the College. How long he held the office is not
known, but he was Tutor of the class which graduated
in 1671.

May 7, 1673, he was made freeman.

May 27, 1673, "M' Thomas Graves being spoken
with concerning his coming to be imployed as a fellow
of the Colledg freely declared to the Corporation that
he (upon the Consideration of the whole passed) was not

" It is curious also to observe how were manufactured into garments,
small a proportion of this small ex- and leather into shoes, for such schol-
pense was defrayed in cash. In ars as had need. As a sample of
many cases, scarcely a shilling was such payments, take the account of
paid in money ; but all articles which the same Thomas Graves, a son of
could be used by the steward in pro- comparatively rich parents, whose
viding commons for the scholars, and whole expenses in college were far
many which could not be thus used, above the average; being ;t6i. us.
were received in barter for instruc- Sjd. for the four years. Of this
tion. Beef, veal, pork, mutton, poul- amount, only £6. 6s. were paid in
tr)s grain of various kinds, malt, eggs, money ; and the balance (according
butter, cheese, apples, cider, fuel, to the order in which the articles are
candles, cloths, leather, shoes, and first named in the account) in wheat,
such like articles, abound in the ac- malt, pease, rye, sugar, hollands,
count of receipts. Occasionally, but boards, canvas, lockram, nails, eggs,
seldom, tobacco and strong waters butter, spice, commodities, buttons,
were received. Cattle were received candles, honey, turkeys, serge, rib-
alive, and slaughtered for use. Coths bon, and silk."

3 1 [Printed t9r>i September 17.]

482 CLASS OF 1656.

free to accept any such imployment." Edward Ran-
dolph, 12 October, 1676, in "an answer to severall heads
of inquiry," says: "Mr. Thomas Graves, an ingenious
and worthy person, was put by his fellowship, by the late
Dr. Hoar, because he would not renounce the church
of England." Belknap, in his Interleaved Triennial Cat-
alogue, makes the note: "Suppose rival of Prest Hoar."

In 1675, Increase Mather writes in his Diary: **3*
mo. This gen* Court sev* things happened troublesome
and uncomfortable. Mr. Graves being chosen a deputy
for Charlestown, the house of deputies were not free to
accept of him as suspecting that he might ht prelatUal in
his principles. He refused to declare what his judgment
was in that matter therefore they would not receive him.
Petitions came from Charlestown on his behalf but in
vain, thereby many displeased."

July 9, 1675, "I^ ^^ ordered, that the matter reflfer-
ring to M' Graues sitting in Court, & not accepted by
the House of Deputjes, shall be determined at October
sessions, the first day of the Generall Court."

I do not find that there was any further action on
the subject; but he was Deputy from Charlestown in
1676 and in 1678. According to the printed Records
he was returned in 1677 as Deputy from Salem, but his
name is not in the list of Deputies given by Felt.

After the death of the Reverend Thomas Shepard, of
Charlestown, in 1677, there was great excitement about
settling a successor, and some glimpses of Graves's char-
acter appear in the account of the contemporary church
movements, printed in the Collections of the Massachu-
setts Historical Society, xxi. 248-264.

Graves was Judge of the Inferior Court of Pleas, and
a Justice of the Peace within the County of Middlesex,
when Sir Edmund Andros was deposed, 18 April, 1689.
Having "sworn allegiance to the Crown of England,"

THOMAS GRAVES. 483

he "could not regard the government, established by
the people, as legitimate, so long as it lacked the sanction
of royal authority." He issued a "writing," warning
the new magistrates against holding a Court of Judica-
ture at Cambridge. For this he was arraigned before
the Council, where the Governor, Bradstreet, "made a
speech" to him, and he was ordered to give a bond of
one hundred pounds for his appearance at the Middle-
sex Court, or be imprisoned. Declining to give the tond,
he was imprisoned nearly three months, by confinement
to his house. Charlestown was reported to be "the
most Ill-affected, Distracted, & Divided Town -in the
Country," and Graves was one of the most preeminent
inhabitants. The anti-revolutionary party sent two Ad-
dresses "To the King's most excellent majesty," sup-
plicating the royal favor, but in neither of them mention-
ing by name either James or William and Mary. The
offenders submitted, however, when the Crown author-
ized the continuance of the new government.

With the proceedings at Salem in the trials fgr witch-
craft in 1692 he was "much dissatisfied,"

Judge Sewall writes in his Diary: "Jan' i6 1^694-5].
L* Gov' mr Cook, mr. Secretary, mr. Serg* & S. S. went
over to Charlestown & visited mr. Morton & mr.
Graves; to see if could bring over mr. Graves &c that
so another Minister & Gods Ordinances might be setled
there in peace: but see little likelihood as yet."

"A physician, ... universally respected for his learning
and talents," says Frothingham, he died 30 May, 1697.
Judge Sewall writes, i June : " I goe to y* Funeral of my
Tutor Mr. Tho. Graves. . . . Bearers were, Capt Byfield,
mr. Leverett; Capt. Sprague, Capt Hamond; mr. James
Oliver, mr. Simon Bradstreet. Charlestown Gen* had
Gloves ; Mr. Danforth had none y* I observd. . . . Mr.
Willard, Pierpont N. H. mr. Brattle C. mr. Angier. mr.

484 CLASS OF 1656.

Wadsworth there. Mr. Graves was a godly Learned
Man, a good Tutor, & solid preacher: His obstinat ad-
herence to some superstitious conceipts of y* Comon-
Prayerbook, bred himself & others a great deal of Trouble:
yet I think he kept to y* Ch at Charlestown as to his
most Constant attendance; Especially on y* Lord's Day.
Has left one Son by mr. Stedman's daughter."

May 16, 1677, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Sam-
uel Hagborne, of Roxbury, widow of Dr. John Chick-
ering. She died 22 July, 1679. ^^7 ^5> 1682, he
married Sarah, daughter of John Stedman, of Cambridge,
widow of Dr. Samuel Alcock, by whom he had Thomas,
who graduated in 1703. This widow's first husband was
John Brackett. She had a fourth husband. Colonel John
Phillips, whom having survived, she died i March,
1 73 1, in her eighty-seventh year.

WORKS.

1. In Harvard College Library are notes or abstracts, in manu-
script, of sermons preached by him in 1670-1.

2. A Letter to Gershom Bulkeley, Esq. (one of their Majesties
Justices of the Peace in the County of Hartford) from a friend in
the Bay. Printed with Bulkeley's "People's Right to Election."

Under the title of Bulkcley's Pamphlet, and connected with it by a
bracket, Thomas Prince's MS. catalogue has *' T. Greaves Letters
to G Bulkely, & to James Russel, w*** seasonable motives &c."

Authorities. — J. Belknap, Inter- 121 ; v. 45, 77, 98, 132, 184. Mas-
leaved Triennial Catalogue. W. I. sachusetts Historical Society, CoUec-
Budington, First Church in Charles- tions, v. 75; xii. 177; xxi. 252-264;
town, 169, 248. J. Farmer, Genea- and Proceedings, September, i860,
logical Register, 128. R. Frothing- 61. I. Mather, Manuscript Diary,
ham. History of Charlestown, 140, J. Morse, Sermon on T. Russell, 22,
224-236. Harvard College Corpo- New England Historical and Gene-
ration Records, i. 50 ; iii. 43, 62 ; and alogical Register, vi. 76 ; xxiii. 283,
MS. Papers, i. 58; Steward's Ac- J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
count-Books, i. 139, 140, 323. T. i. 22,467; ii. 297 ; iv. 179. S. Sew-
Hutchinson, Collection of Papers, all. Manuscript Diary. C. W. Up-
502. C. Lowell, Letter, 1847, De- ham, Salem Witchcraft, ii. 455.
cember 10. Massachusetts Bay, Vindication of New England, 19.
Archives, Ixvii. 153; Records, iv. (ii.)

JOHN EMERSON. 485

JOHN EMERSON.

Bom about 1625, died 1700, aged 75.

Rev. John Emerson, M. A., of Gloucester, Massa-
chusetts, was born, probably in England, about 1625, and
must have been thirty-one years old when he graduated,
if he was seventy-five when he died. He was son of
Thomas Emerson, a baker, who was of Ipswich, Massa-
chusetts, as early as 1639, and had a wife, Elizabeth.

In 1659, a committee was chosen to treat with Emer-
son about preaching at Gloucester; though, according to
Babson, **it does not appear from any action of the
town that he commenced his labors here before 1661.
In July of that year, his salary was fixed at sixty pounds
per annum as long as he should continue in the minis-
try; and he was to receive it in Indian corn, pease, bar-
ley, fish, mackerel, beef, or pork."

He was ordained 6 October, 1663.

In 1672, the town voted that he should have one
eighth, and afterward, for several successive years, one
fourth, of his salary in money. "In 1679, an addition
of eight pounds was made to his salary, to provide him
firewood; for which he was to preach a lecture every
three weeks, from March to September." Similar grants
with similar conditions were made subsequently.

"In 1673, the town voted that he should have eighty
pounds to provide himself a house to dwell in. The
place of his residence was on the south side of the high-
way leading from the Meeting-house Green to Fox Hill.
He had thirty acres of land about his homestead, and
thirty acres near the burying-place, besides other smaller
lots. . . . He became the sole or chief owner of the three
principal mills in town. . . . He owned farms in Ipswich,

486 CLASS OF 1656.

which probably came to him by inheritance from his fa-
ther. From the various sources of his worldly prosper-
ity, he derived the pecuniary ability to settle one hun-
dred pounds on his daughter Mary on the day of her
marriage."

Emerson's parishioners were not exempt from the ex-
actions and exposure incident to the French and Indian
wars, with which the country was harassed in their day.
July 26, 1690, he wrote a letter to "Wayt Winthrop,"
Commander-in-Chief, respecting " the sad and deplorable
state & condition of" the "towne of Glocester," and
craving his "helpe & succor." "Whereas there is forty
seaven of our souldiers under a presse, the case so stands
with us that if they be not released I must needs tell
you, & it is nothing but truth that I tell you, that wee
must all be forced to leave the towne, for we are not
able to stay any longer after they are gone; but must
of necessity be made a prey to the enemy. We shall
not have men left to keepe up a watch, nor in any wise
much lesse to withstand an enemy, which we are every
day & night in expectation to breake in upon us, by
reason that we are a front towne upon the sea, & so
good a harbor for shipping as I beleive there is not a
better nor' a bolder in all New England, by the report
of the ablest seamen. Those that are under presse arc
above halfe of those that traine, as I am informed, &,
besides, there will be nothing neare enough left to get
in hay & harvest, so that wee must of necessity be forced
to kill our cattell, & our [are?] in great danger of
being famished. Therefore my request to your selfe is
that you will be pleased to release all these men that are
under this last presse, there being already listed fiueteene
volunteers for Canada, besides seaven that are pressed to
the Indian wares. Therefore if you please not to rc-
leive us in releasing of these men, wee must of necessity,

JOHN EMERSON. 487

as abovesaid, & the inhabitants doe resolve upon it, to
leave the towne rather then to live in continuall hazzard
& feare of their lives, & to be exposed to all other ca-
lamity's."

Emerson died 2 December, 1700, at the age of seventy-
five, after a ministerial service of more than forty years.
Babson says: "His congregation, small and weak at the
time of his settlement, had about trebled in number;
and was left by him in a state of increasing growth and
prosperity, which enabled it, in the course of a few years,
to send forth companies of worshippers to set up their
own places of public religious devotion in remote sec-
tions of the town."

He was succeeded in the ministry by Joseph White,
H. U. 1698.

In 1659, Emerson married Ruth, daughter of Deputy-
Governor Samuel Symonds, of Ipswich. She died 23
February, 1702. Of their seven children, John, born
14 May, 1670, graduated in 1689; and Mary, born 7
March, 1664-5, wiarried Samuel Phillips, of Salem, fa-
ther of the Reverend Samuel Phillips, of Andover,
H. U. 1708.

WORKS.

A faithful Account of many Wonderful and Surprising Things
which happened in the Town of Glocester in the Year 1692. In
Mather's Magnalia, vii. 82.

''The Devil znd his agents were the cause of all the Molesta-
tions which at this time befel the Town."

Authorities. — J. J. Babson, His- Massachusetts Historical Society,

tory of Gloucester, 195-199. J. Collections, xli. 437. C. Mather,

Farmer, in American Quarteriy Reg., Magnalia, vii. 82. J. Savage, Gene-

X. 244. J. B. Felt, Hist of Ipswich, alogical Dictionary, ii. 117; iii.4i5;

7Sf 93» H^9 163, 331, 333 ; and Amer. iv. 246. W. B. Sprague, Annals of

Quart Reg., vii. 248, 257 ; New Eng. the American Pulpit, i. 168. C. W.

Hist and Genealog. Reg., iv. 362. Upham, Salem Witchcraft, i. 462.

CLASS OF 1657.

Zechariah Symmes, John Hale,

Zechariah Brigden, Elisha Cooke,

John Cotton, John Whiting,

Barnabas Chauncy.

"QU^STIONES IN PHILOSOPHIA

DISCUTIENDiE, SUB CAROLO CHAUNC^EO

SS. THEOL: BAC: PRESIDE COL : HAR VARD:

CANTABRIGIiE, NOV-ANGL: IN COMITIIS,

PER INCEPTORES IN ARTIBUS,

DECIMO-QUARTO DIE

SEXTILIS 1660.

" I. ±\j^dehir Concurfus Immediatus primes caufa cum/ecundd f

Aifirmat Refpondens Zecharias Symmes.

" II. Vj Trum Locus^ Motus^ et Tempus vnivoce cotnpetani Jpiriiibus t

Negat Refpondens Zecharias Brigden«

" III. l\NAau5 Creandifit atemus ?

Affirmat Refpondens Johannes Cotton.

" nil. kJ Trum Intelle6lus et voluntas fint facultates realiter distinHa f

AfHnnat Refpondens Johannes Hale.

" V. l\NMotus/anguinisfit Circularis 9

Affirmat Refpondens Elifcha Cooke.

" VI. \^ Trum Notitia Entis primi fit homini naiurcUis f

Affirmat Refpondens Barnabas Chauncy. "

ZECHARIAH SYMMES. 489

ZECHARIAH SYMMES.

Bom 1638, died 1708, aged 70.

Rev. Zechariah Symmes, M. A., of Bradford, Mas-
sachusetts, was born at Charlestown, 9 January, 1637-8.
His father, the Reverend Zechariah Symmes, born 5
April, 1599, *^ Canterbury, in the County of Kent,
England, arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, 1 8 Septem-
ber, 1634, in the Griffin, with Ann Hutchinson and
others; "and in a short space after hee was called to
the Office of a Teaching Elder in the Church of Christ
at Charles Towne. . . . The wife of this zealous Teacher,
M"- Sarah Simmes, . . . the vertuous Woman, indued by
Christ with graces fit for a Wildernesse condition, her
courage exceeding her stature, with much cheerfulnesse
did undergoe all the difficulties of these times of straites,
her God through Faith in Christ supplying all her wants
with great industry, nurturing up her young Children in
the feare of the Lord, their number being ten both Sons
and Daughters, a certain signe of the Lords intent to
people this vast Wildernesse."

According to the Steward's Account-books, the son's
college bills, amounting in all to about forty-five pounds,
are dated regularly from 10-4-53 to 5-10-56; and there
being no charge for " detrements," his attendance at Cam-
bridge during the four years was probably without inter-
ruption. Besides several payments for him made in sil-
ver by "goodman haill," there are credits of wheat, malt,
Indian, barley, beef, lamb, and during the college course
an aggregate of £5 3s. 9d. from a scholarship.

In 1657 he was chosen Fellow of the college.

With his classmate Hale he was admitted to the
church in Charlestown "6 Month 22 1658."

490 CLASS OF 1657.

He studied divinity, and appears to have preached at
Rehoboth, where, in September, 1663, "At a meeting
of the church and town, it was concluded that Mr.
Zachariah Symes should have forty pounds for this year,
and his diet at Mrs. Newman's besides. . . . Stephen Payn^
senior, and Lieutenant Hunt were chosen to go down
to his friends, to use means for the settling of him
with us for this present year." In the following No-
vember, and in January, 1664-5, niovements were made
"to procure an able minister to assist Mr. Symes."
"May 23, 1666. Mr. Symes was admitted by the town
as an inhabitant, to purchase or hire for his money."
"At the same time Mr. Myles was voted to be invited
to preach, viz: once a fortnight on the week day, and
once on the Sabbath day."

Symmes must have left Rehoboth not long afterward;
for at the first recorded meeting, 20 February, 1668-9,
of "the inhabitants of Rowley Village by Merrimac," or
Merrimack, which was incorporated as Bradford in 1675,
it was "Voted, That the Selectmen have full power to
carry on and finish the minister's house, according to
Mr. Symms's direction." A house for worship had al-
ready been erected, but, as there was no organized church,
some of the people were connected with the churches in
Rowley and Haverhill, where they continued to attend
divine service.

In 1669, the town of Haverhill chose Andrew Greely
to keep the ferry; " pro vided ... that he will carry all
Ministers over free that come upon visitation to us,
and in particular Mr. Symes; & that, if the inhabitants
of the town over against us [Merrimack] do come over
to meet with us on the sabbath days, they shall have the
free use of the ferry boat, or boats, for the occasion,
without paying anything."

"For his support, the first year," 1668, says Perry,

ZECHARIAH SYMME&. 49 1

Symmes "received forty pounds, the next year fifty,
-w^hich appears to have been his yearly salary, till the
time of his ordination. The one half. . . was to be paid
in wheat, pork, butter and cheese, the other half in malt,
Indian corn or rye"; though, according to Gage, the lat-
ter half was to be paid "in corn and cattle/' Early in
1669, continues Perry, the people "voted to defray the
expense of bringing his goods to town, gave him forty
acres of land near Indian hill," and appointed a com-
mittee "to gather the tax, and take care to have Mr.
Symmes' work done, and to attend to such other things
as he should stand in need of during the year."

This pleasant relation of preacher and people contin-
ued till 1677, when, as a preliminary movement toward
church organization, a committee was chosen "to join
with Mr. Symmes *to advise to what might be thought
best for the further carrying on the affairs of religion,
and to prepare for the settlement of the ordinances of
God, in this place.' And in 1681, it was voted and
consented to, 'that the Rev. Mr. Symmes have liberty
at his discretion, to call out any two men of the in-
habitants of the town, to assist him in catechising the
youth, and also to go with him to see who of the heads
of the families or others, would join the church.' "

At a private fast, 20 April, 1682, "under hopeful prob-
ability of setting up a church of Christ Jesus in Brad-
ford," an "instrument of ... pacification and ... condi-
tional obligation to church and order," was signed
and adopted by the persons who proposed to become
members.

October 31, 1682, an ecclesiastical council, convened
by invitation, recommended "a coalition . . . into a church
society." November 28, the result and advice of the
council were unanimously assented to by the« inhabitants
and by Symmes ; and, 27 December, a church was organ-
ized, and Symmes ordained.

49^ CLASS OF 1657.

The details respecting his salary are of more than in-
dividual importance, inasmuch as they indicate the spirit
and practice of New England in the latter part of the
seventeenth century.

March 13, 16^2-3, the inhabitants, in accepting the
report of a committee appointed 2 January, say: **For
the encouragement of our present minister, we do cove-
nant and promise to give and allow him . . . the full
sum of sixty pounds per annum, . . . the first half in
wheat, and pork, butter, and cheese, allowing to this half,
one pound of butter for every milch cow, and one cheese
for a family; the other half to be in malt, indian, or rye,
except what he willingly accepts in other pay; the first
payment to be made the second Thursday of October,
the other payment to be made the third Thursday in
March; and if any unforeseen providence shall hinder,
then to take the next convenient day the week following.

"We further grant liberty for him," says the record,
as quoted by Gage, "to improve for his best advantage,
what land we shall accomplish or obtain for our ministry.
We grant him also, liberty to feed his herd of cattle on
our lands during his abode with us, which shall have the
same liberty as our own cattle have. We engage to pro-
cure for him, at our own charge, besides the annual sti-
pend, sufficient firewood every year in good cord wood,
he allowing sixpence per cord, to bring it seasonably and
cord it up in his yard ;... also, to furnish him yearly
with ten sufficient loads of good hay, if he need them,
at price current among us, and to bring it in the sum-
mer time, and also to supply him with sufficient fencing,
and good stuff which he may hereafter need, at a reason-
able lay. We engage, that there be convenient high-
ways provided and legally stated, to the several parcels
of land, which we have given him. . . . We do also en-
gage, that two men shall be chosen from year to year.

ZECHARIAH SYMMES. 493

for the comfortable carrying on of his aflfairs, and that
these two men shall have power to require any man
at two days' warning, according to his proportion, to
help carry on his necessary husbandry work. We also
engage, that these agreements, together with any legal
town acts, confirming the annual stipend, and other con-
cerns of our present minister, be duly and truly, in
manner and kind as above specified without trouble to
himself/'

In 1705, in accordance with a vote of the town ap-
pointing a committee to procure help for their pastor,
who was now growing old and feeble, "a Mr. Hale"
was employed, who was so well liked that the action of
the town indicates an intention to have settled him.

The people of Bradford "appear to have acted gener-
ously in the provision they made" for their pastor's
** temporal comfort, and to have united readily with him
in all his exertions to do good." He died 22 March,
1707-8. The Latin inscription on his tombstone is
printed by Perry, also in the American Quarterly Regis-
ter, X. 245.

He was succeeded by his son, Thomas Symmes.
November 18, 1669, Symmes was married to Susanna,
born 8 July, 1643, daughter of Thomas Graves, of
Charlestown, and sister of Thomas Graves, H. U. 1656.
She died 23 July, 1681, having had seven children, one
of whom, Thomas Symmes, graduated in 1698. Novem-
ber 26, 1683, he married Mehitabel Dalton, probably
widow of Samuel Dalton, of Hampton, and daughter of
Samuel Palmer, of the same place.

Authorities.— L. Bliss, History Contributions to the Ecclesiastical

of Rehoboth, 58, 60, 61. Boston History of Essex County, 305. Es-

News Letter, 1708, March 29. W. sex Institute Historical Collections,

I. Budington, History of the First vi. 160. J. Fanner, Genealogical

Church, Charlestown, 210. G. W. Register, 280 ; and American Quar-

Chase, History of Haverhill, no. terly Register, x, 244. T.Gage, His-

494 CLASS OF 1657,

tory of Rowley, 40^ 105-109^ 113, tions,xiL 177; xxi. 356L New En^-

354* 355- Harvard College Stew- land Historical and Genealogical

ard's Account-Books, i. 1 55, 1 56. [E. Register, iv. 270 ; xiiL 1 35 ; jodii. 282 ;

Johnson,] History of New England xxv. 149. G. B. Perry, Discourse

[Wonder-working Providence], 7a in 1820^ 31-401. J. Savage, Geoea-

Massachusetts Hist Society, Collec- logical Dictionary, iv. 243, 244.

ZECHARIAH BRIGDEN.

Bom 1639, died 1662, aged 23.

Zechariah, Zachariah, or Zachary Brigden^ M. A.,
of Stonington, Connecticut, baptized at Charlestown, Mas-
sachusetts, a August, 1639, ^^ ^^^ of Thomas Brigden,
or Bridgen, from Faversham in Kent, who came in the
Hercules, in 1635, from Sandwich in England to Bos*
ton in New England, with his wife, Thomasin, and two
children.

The son's college bills, continuing regularly from 10-
4-53 to 5-4-57, besides "Commones & sizinges," *^ tui-
tion," "study-rente and beed," "fyer and Candell,"
"wood," etc., contain a charge for "bringing Corn from
Charlstown," being an early record on the Steward's
books, under the name "Corn," of the grain commonly
called "Indian."

Among the articles credited to him are "siluer," *'su-
ger," "wheatt," "malte," "Indian," "a hooge," "a quar-
ter of beast," "butter," "3"^ of Candell," "rasines," "a
paire of girtes," and " a bush of parsnapes," the last article
probably being newly introduced, as it is not mentioned
previously. December 31, 1654, there was "Geuen him
by ringinge the bell and waytinge £1. as. 6d.," proba-
bly the earliest record of the college bell-ringing and of
payment for "way ting in the hall"; he receiving for the

ZECHARIAH BRIGDEN. 495

last service I2s. 6d. a quarter for three successive quar-
ters; after which he is paid, 7-10-55, "on quarter for a
schollership i8s. 9d.," and credited, 5-10-56, "by his
^vages 50 shillinges & a schollership £3. 15s."

As the word "Socius" is affixed to his name on all
the General and Triennial Catalogues, he was undoubt-
edly a Tutor or Fellow, though I find no record of his
appointment, which must have been within two or three
years after graduating.

According to Benjamin Trumbull, he "officiated about
three years'* as a preacher at Stonington, Connecticut,
'^ until his death in 1663"; but more exact details are
furnished by the following extracts from the manuscript
Diary of Thomas Minor, communicated by J. Hammond
Trumbull.

"Sept. 30. 1660. 'Master Brigden first taught here.'
Oct. 8. *I was to go with Mr. Brigden toward Mo-
hegan [Norwich].' April 10. 1661. *We met at Chees-
brough's, to send to Mr. Brigden.' May 13. *The meet-
ing-house was raised.' May 17. The writer (Thomas
Minor) as the agent of the town I suppose, 'set forth
for the Bay.' June 12th, he 'came from Bostowne, and
Mr. Brigden.' March 19, 166 1-2 'was a town-meeting
about Mr. Brigden' (with reference to inviting him to a
settlement perhaps); but April 24 (Thursday), 1662, 'Mr.
Brigden departed this life.' "

'*At the period referred to, Stonington was annexed
to the jurisdiction of Massachusetts (and county of Suf-
folk), as Southertown."

Authorities.— Harvard College 251. B. Trumbull, History of Con-
Steward's Account-Books, i. 159. necticut, i. 287. J. H. Trumbull,
New England Historical and Gene- Letters, 1857, November 30; 1860^
alogical Register, xxv. 342. J. Sav- Jime 4; 1872, February 12.
age, Genealogical Dictionary, L 250^

496 CLASS OF 1657.

JOHN COTTON.

Bom 1639, died 1698, aged 59.

Rev. John Cotton, M. A., of Plymouth in Massa-
chusetts and Charleston in South Carolina, born 15 and
baptized 22 March, 1639-40, was son of the famous di-
vine, John Cotton, of Boston, by his second wife, Sarah,
daughter of Richard Hankredge, of Boston, England,
widow of William Story, and, after Cotton's death, wife
of the Reverend Richard Mather, of Dorchester.

The son's first college bill is dated 10-4-53, ^ ^^
months after his father's death; but it appears from his
being charged with detriments and half-tuition between
8-10-54 and 6-4-56, and from there being no charges
after the latter date, that he was absent during part of
the college course. He is also credited "by the returne
of his study" 18-5-55; and 6-1-56 there is "Alowed
vnto John Cotton for the abuse he suffered 6s. 8d/*

Subsequently to graduating, he "'''ved with the Rev-
erend Mr. [Samuel] Stone at Hartford [Connecticut],
where he prosecuted his studies."

After the removal of the Reverend John Russell,
H. U. 1645, to Hadley, he preached at Wethersfield,
where his brother. Seaborn Cotton, H. U. 1651, had
officiated several years before.

In 1660, at the age of about twenty, he was married,
and was executor of the will of Governor Thomas Welles.
March 14, 1660-1, he was made freeman of Connecticut.

After being at Wethersfield from 1659 to 1663, receiv-
ing in the mean time calls to preach at Haddam, Kil-
lingworth, and perhaps other places, he returned to Bos-
ton, without being settled.

May 3, 1664, he was excommunicated, for immoral

JOHN COTTON. 497

conduct, from the church of which his father had been
minister, but upon penitential acknowledgment was re-
stored the next month, and. Savage says, though I know
not upon what authority, "went soon and preached at
Guilford."

About this time, 1664, he went to Martha's ^^ Vineyard^
and preached to the English at [Edgartown on] the East
End of the Island." His nephew. Cotton Mather, I
writes: "He hired an Indian^ after the rate of Twelve-
pence per Day for ^ifty Days, to teach him the Indian
Tongue; but his Knavish Tutor having received his
whole Pay too soon, ran away before Twenty Days were
out; however, in this time he had profited so far, that
he could quickly Preach unto the Natives"; which he
did for about two years, assisting Mayhew. But in
September, 1667, according to the Records, he "appeered
before the Commissioners [of the United Colonies] and
was seriously spoken too To Compose those allianations
between him and M' Mahew ; otherwise it was signified
to him that the Commissioners could not expect good
by theire labours wheras by theire mutual Contensions
and Invictiues one against another they vndid what they
taught the Natiues and sundry calles (as hee said) being
made him by the English to other places ; which in con-
junction with the p'sent fayleing of a certaine Revenew;
hee was left to his libertie to dispose of himselfe as the
Lord should Guid him."

An invitation having been given him by the church
of Plymouth in September, 1666, and renewed the fol-
lowing year, he removed thither "with his Family No-
vember ^o. 1667," the town defraying all the expenses of
transportation, and allowing him "£50 for the present
year."

"October 29th, 1668," writes Thacher, "it was agreed
to allow to Mr. Cotton the sum of £80 for the foUow-

3 2 [Printed xSp, September z;.]

498 CLASS OF 1657.

ing year, one third part in wheat, or butter, one third
part in rye, barley or peas, and the other third in Indian
corn at stipulated prices. In 1677, the same sum was
allowed him, and to continue till God in his providence
shall so impoverish the town that they shall be necessi-
tated to abridge that sum. In November, 1680, it was
voted to convey to Mr. Cotton the minister's house and
homestead, and to his heirs forever, except the lot g^ven
to the church by Bridget Fuller and Samuel Fuller,
which reserve is the parsonage at the present time. The
homestead given to Mr. Cotton was adjoining the pres-
ent parsonage on the east side. August 4th, 1687, ^^
was proposed in town-meeting to allow Mr. Cotton ^90
for that year, but it was opposed by a large majority, as
exceeding their ability, and it was then agreed that the
minister's salary should be paid by voluntary subscrip-
tion." In 1696, "the town agreed to pay... £75 in
silver money for his salary the present year, with which
he was well satisfied."

Cotton was ordained 30 June, 1669, "having trans-
ferred his church membership from Boston." "Elder
Thomas Cushman gave the charge, and the aged Mr.
John Rowland was appointed by the church to join in
imposition of hands. The Rev. Mr. Walley made a
solemn prayer, and the Rev. Mr. Torrey gave the right
hand of fellowship."

From John Cotton's Appendix to Robbins's Ordination
Sermon, it appears that "The Pastor with the Ruling
Elder made it their first special Work together to pass
through the whole Town from Family to Family to
enquire into the State of Souls, and according as they
found the Frames either of the Children of the Church
or others, so they applied Counsels, Admonitions, Ex-
hortations and Encouragements; which Service was at-
tended with a Blessing."

JOHN COTTON. 499

"In November began Catechising of the Children by
the Pastor (constantly attended by the Ruling Elder)
once a Fortnight, the Males at one time and the Females
at the other," Perkins's Catechism being used at first,
and the Assembly's some years afterward.

"In January following, the Church agreed to begin
monthly Church-meetings for religious Conference, which
were constantly attended for many Years, and much Good
attended that Exercise.'*

In the first year of Cotton's ministry, the number
of church-members was increased from twenty-seven to
seventy-four; fourteen were admitted in 1670, seventeen
in 1671, six in 1672; one hundred and seventy-eight
being admitted during the thirty years of his ministry.
Candidates for admission were examined in private by
the Elders, commonly stood propounded in public for
two or three weeks, and made orally a "Confession of
Faith, and a Declaration of their Experiences of a
Work of Grace in the Presence of the Congregation. . . .
The Relations of the Women being written in private
from their Mouths, were read in publick by the Pastor,
and the Elders gave Testimony of the Competency of
their knowledge. ... If any Members came from other
Places, and had Letters of Dismission, they were accepted
upon that Testimonial, and nothing further required of
them." In 1688, however, a modification of the rule
was made in favor of men "not able to speak in Publick
to the Edification of the Congregation, nor to the hear-
ing of the whole Church."

"In July 1676, the Church (and all the Churches in
the Colony [of Plymouth] at the Motion of the Gen-
eral Court) solemnly renewed Covenant with GOD and
one another on a Day of Humiliation appointed for the
Purpose," and "enter'd into strict Engagements (thro*
the Assistance of divine Grace) for personal and Family

500 CLASS OF 1657.

Reformation," — a similar renewal being again made in
April, 1692.

January 19, 1678-9, at the request of their Pastor,
"the Church Seed who were Heads of Families" went to
his house, and he gave each man "sundry Questions . . •
to return Answers to out of the Scripture " two months
afterward. This practice was continued "for divers
Years, not without a Blessing and some good Success:
For Men of 30, 40, 50 Years of Age did attend, and
give their Answers ... in Writing: — Then the Pastor
having read all their Answers, gave his own to each
Question and preach'd thereupon, the Elder always pres-
ent, and making the concluding Prayer."

From a Report made in 1685 by Governor Thomas
Hinckley to the Society for the Propagation of the Gos-
pel, it appears that, besides officiating in Plymouth, Cot-
ton was occasionally on week-days instructing the Indians
at Saltwater-Pond and at Namasket and Titicut, now
Middleborough, and at Namatakeeset, now Pembroke.

"December 11. 1691, the good Elder Mr. Thomas
Cushman died, . . . who had officiated in that Office near
43 Years" and "been a rich Blessing to this Church,"
constantly co-operating with the Pastor.

"June 19. 1692, the Pastor propounded to the Church,
that seeing many of the Psalms in Mr. AinswortK^ Trans-
lation, which had hitherto been sung in the Congregation,
had such difficult Tunes that none in the Church could
set, they would consider of some Expedient that they
might sing all the Psalms '\ . . August 7, " the Church
voted, that when the Tunes were difficult in the transla-
tion then used, they would make use of the New-England
Psalm Book. . . . Finding it inconvenient to use two
Psalm Books, they at length in June 1696, agreed wholly
to lay aside Ainsworth^ and with general Consent intro-
duced the other."

JOHN COTTON. 5OI

"It was their Practice from the beginning till October^
168 1, to sing the Psalms without reading the Line; but
then at the Motion of a Brother, who otherwise could
not join in the Ordinance," probably because he could
not read, "they altered the Custom, and reading was
introduced; the Elder performing that Service, after the
Pastor had first expounded the Psalmy which were usually
sung in Course — So that the People had the Benefit of
hearing the whole Book of Psalms explained.

"In the Spring of the Year 1694, the Pastor intro-
duced a new Method of Catechising (in which he used
the Assemblies shorter Catechism) attending it on Sab-
bath Day Noons at the Meeting House, the Males one
Sabbath and the Females another successively; and then
preach'd on each Head of Divinity, as they lie in order
in that Catechism: — this Course was constantly attended
for more than 3 Years from Sabbath to Sabbath, till the
Pastor's Dismission, only on Sacrament Days, and in the
short Winter Days and very unseasonable Weather, there
was a necessary Omission thereof. — Many of the Con-
gregation usually heard the Sermons preach'd at the Cat-
echising, and GOD strengthened and encouraged in the
work."

In 1695, Isaac Cushman, a church-member, received
an "earnest call to teach the word of God" in that part
of Plymouth which is now Plympton. This laid the
foundation for a division between the church and Cotton,
the latter strenuously contending that Cushman ought
not to be settled before being designated to the office of
ruling elder by the church. The controversy continued
about three years, with considerable warmth, and occa-
sioned the withdrawal of some from the communion.
The dissatisfied were ready to listen to ill reports against
the pastor, "supported," writes his son, "by two or
three single evidences, one of them of 20 or near 30

502 CLASS OF 1657.

years* standing, another from one of suspected veracity,"
till at length a mutual council was called. After great,
but unsuccessful, efforts to effect a reconciliation, the
council at last, 30 September, 1697, "advised the Pastor
to ask a Dismission, and the Church to grant it ^with
such Expressions of their Love and Charity as the Rule
called for/" Accordingly he "resigned his Office, and
at his Request was dismissed October 5, 1697, to the
great Grief of a Number in Church and Town, who
earnestly desired his Continuance."

Judge Sewall, in noticing the result, writes: **This
was for his Notorious Breaches of y* Seventh Comandm*,
& Undue Carriage in chusing Elders. Thus Christs
words are fullfilled. Unsavoury Salt is cast to the Dung-
hill. A most awfull Instance!"

"Oct. 7. Mr. Torrey tells me that Mr. Mather de-
clard among the Ministers that they had dealt too favour-
ably with mr. Cotton." '

After his dismission, Cotton's son, Josiah Cotton,
says he "tarried something above a year at Plymouth,

* Sewall writes in his Diary, March Pastor ; sent to mr. Cotton to meet
8, 1697-8. "Get to PlimS ab* Noon, them (they were at Shirtl/s 25. in
Are Entertaind at Cole's. Send two n** Some y^ could not come sent y'
mile for mr. [Ephraim] Little [H. U. minds to y« same effect: and New
1695], who prays at y* opening of y* Society ready to do it) Mr. Cotton
Court invite him to Diner : Speak to come to y« Meeting-house, thither
not to Mr. Cotton." March 10. yy goe, and there Deacon Fancc de-
" Had large discourse in y« even w* clares what y« Church had done,
mrs. Cotton, mr. Cotton, mr. Row- Mr. Cotton was at Cole's when redy
land. I told mr. Cotton, a free Con- to come away March 1 1 I said his
fession was y* best way, spake of Danger was, lest catching at shad-
Davids roaring all y« day long & ows, he should neglect the cords
bones waxing old, whilest he kept thrown out to him by Chr , & so be
Silence. I spake with Deacon Fance drownd. Some of my last words to
to day, sent for him to mr. Cotton's : him, was Kisse the Son, lest he be
It seems upon y« 5.*^ of October, The angry ! This was in y« house be-
Church by speaking one by one, de- tween him & me alone. Just as was
clared their Mind was to Release mounting. He desired me to pray for
mr. Cotton from his Office-bond as him, till I heard he was dead."

JOHN COTTON. 503

in which time he preached some Sabbaths at Yarmouth,
on their invitation, and then, having a call to Charles-
ton, the chief place in South Carolina, by their messen-
ger, the worthy Robert Fenwick, Esquire, he accepted
of the same, and having settled his affairs," and, adds
Thacher, "made up all differences with Plymouth Church,'
and received a recommendation from several ministers,
set sail for Carolina, November 15th, 1698," Fenwick
and Joseph Lord, H. U. 1691, being fellow passengers,
and arrived at Charleston 7 December.

"Here," continues his son, "he set himself to do all
the good he could, and was very abundant and successful
in his labors. He gathered a church and was settled
pastor of it March 15. He set up catechising, preached
a lecture once a fortnight, had private meetings, private
fasts alone, and with others, made frequent visits to the
sick, opposed gainsayers, satisfied the doubtful, and was
the instrument of edifying and quickening many saints
and converting many sinners. In the short time of his
continuance among them there were many baptised, and
about twenty-five new members received to full commun-
ion. He had abundant respect shown him by those that
were good, and also by some that were great, even the
Governor himself, &c. He was there counted worthy of
and received double honor."

He died 17 or 18 September, 1699, of the yellow-fever,
which, introduced by a vessel from Barbadoes, broke out
17 August, and carried off not less than one hundred

* At a meeting of the church of penitential acknowledgment of those

Plymouth, 18 October, 1698, "for evils, and desired forgiveness of God

hearing what Mr. Cotton desired to and the Church ; accordingly having

offer to them in pursuance to advice made confession to them, they did

given them by the Council there con- express and vote their ready and

vened Sept. 29, 1697, as satisfaction hearty acquiescence of his satisfac-

for those offences which he was there tion offered unto them and their full

convicted of," he "made a full and reconciliation unto him."

504

CLASS OF 1657.

and seventy-nine persons/ The church bore the expenses
of his funeral, and erected a monument over his grave.
A memorial of him was set up in the Plymouth bury-
ing-ground by one of his sons in 1725.

"My father," to quote the son again, "was a living
Index to the Bible. He had a vast and strong memory,
in so much that if some of the words of almost any pas-
sage of Scripture were named to him he could tell the
chapter and verse, or if chapter and verse were named,
he could tell the words. He learned the Indian language
in a short time, which hath words of a prodigious length,
80 that he quickly preached in that language and after-
wards corrected the second and last edition of the Indian
Bible. He prayed in Indian at his Indian lectures."

* The following extract from a let-
ter by the Reverend Hugh Adams,
H. U. 1697, to his "Dearly beloved
Brother," "John Adams Shop-keeper
in Boston," dated at Charleston, 23
February, 1699-1700^ is taken from
Sewall's Diary: —

" It is hard to describe the dread-
full and astonishing aspect of our
late terrible Tempest of Mortality in
our Charlestow; which began to-
wards y* latter end of August, and
Continued till y* middle of Novem-
ber. In w'* space of time there died
in Charlestown, 125. English of all
sorts ; high & low, old & young. 37.
French. 16. Indians, and i Negro.
Three Ministers ; viz. Mr. Jn« Cotton
dissent', Mr. Samuel Marshal Con-
formist, Mr. Preolo French Minister.
Mr. Gilbert Ashly an Anabaptist
preacher, Mr. Curtice a Presbyterian
preacher dyed all in y« begining of y*
Mortality for y* peoples Contempt of
y' Gospel Labours. After whose de-
cease, the Distemper raged, and the
destroying Angel slaughtered so fu-

riously with his revenging Sword of
Pestilence, that there died (as I have
read in y* Catalogue of y* dead) 14.
in one day Sept' 28^ and raged as
bad all October: So that the dead
were carried in Carts, being heaped
up one upon another. Worse by far
than y* great Plague of London, con-
sidering y* smallness of y* Town.
Shops shut up for 6 weeks ; nothing
but carrying Medicines, digging
Graves, carting y* dead ; to y* great
astonishment of all beholders. Out
of mr. Cotton's Church there died
himself Sept! 17*, Mr. Jn*» Alexander
Merch' Mr. Curtice preacher, Mr.
Matthew Bee Schoolmaster, mr.
Henry Spry (besides his Serv^man,
his youngest child, and an Indian
Woman) But lastly w*^"" may grieve
you most of all, our precious godly
Mother, Avis Adams departed y*
Life Ocb' 6^ last, being infected by
means of tending mr. Cotton all y^
time of his Sickness, w** was but
three days."

JOHN COTTON. 505

He wrote his sermons, but delivered them in a loud and
clear voice, without using his manuscript. "He had a
noted faculty in sermonizing and making speeches in
public, . . . had a good gift in prayer and inlarged much
therein as there was occasion. ... He was a competent
scholar but divinity was his favorite study. ... He ruled
his house as a tender parent, was a hearty friend, helpful
to the needy, kind to strangers, and doubly a good man.
And yet what man is there without his failings? He
was somewhat hasty and perhaps severe in his censures
upon some persons and things, which he thought de-
served it; and that possibly might occasion some hard-
ships he met with and the violence of some people against
him. But the brightness of the celestial world will effect-
ually dispel the blackness of this."

He "never aimed at laying up for or leaving a great
estate to his children; but yet took special care of and
was at great charge about their education, which is better
than an estate without it. He did as his father and
brother before him had done, bring up all his four sons
(that grew up) to the College, and that without the advan-
tage of a school in the town except a short time that
Mr. Corlet kept it about the year 1672."

He "was a man of universal acquaintance and corre-
spondence, so that he had and wrote (perhaps) twice as
many letters as any man in the country."

Like many clergymen of his time, he strenuously op-
posed the calling of the Lord's Day Sunday ^ "as it origi-
nated with some heathen nations who were worshippers
of the Sun, that planet being the object of their idolatry."

His son further observes: "He was of a handsome
ruddy yet grave countenance, of a sanguine complexion,
a middling stature and inclined to fatness. He was of a
strong healthy constitution, so that (if I mistake not)
he was not hindered by sickness for above one day from
his public labors for 20 or 30 years together."

5o6

CLASS OF 1657.

Cotton married at Wethersfield, Connecticut, 7 No-
vember, 1660, Joanna,' born July, 1642, daughter of
Dr. Bray, or Bryan, and Elizabeth Rossiter, by whom he
had eleven children: i. John, born at Guilford, Con-
necticut, 3 August, 1661, H. U. 1681, was minister of
Yarmouth, Massachusetts; 2. Elizabeth, 5-6 August,
1663, married the Reverend James Ailing, minister of
Salisbury, and afterward his successor, Caleb Gushing,
H. U. 1692, and died in September, 1743; 3. Sarah, 17

* Their son Josiah writes: "My
mother was a comely, fat woman,
but her internal endowments made
her excel

"She was a woman not of cere-
mony but substance, of great knowl-
edge, uncommon wisdom and dis-
cretion, spotless virtue, and one that
feared God above many. Her edu-
cation was more than ordinary. She
understood something of Latin and
poetry, had a great insight in the
medicinal art, in the practice where-
of she was much improved and be-
came very useful and helpful in the
town, &c

"She could argue about common
and religious things, was careful to
promote good discourse where she
was, a strict observer of the Sabbath,
constant in her devotions, and had
the care of religion in her family,
town and country much at heart, and
by private advice and discourse was
a helper to my father in the work of
the Gospel She . . . ruled her chil-
dren and servants well, by whom she
was very careful to set good exam-
ples, keeping up family duties in my
father's absence, &c. Instructed
suitably, corrected seasonably. Had
a notable faculty in speaking and
writing; both of which she done
with freedom and courage without

flattery and at the same time with a
good command of her spiriL

" She . . . managed secular affairs,
most of which passed through her
hands, with singular prudence and
industry. And finally, she was a
good wife, a good mistress, a good
neighbor, and a good Christian, and
one of the best of mothers. But lest
I should say what may be thought
too much I shall finish with saying
that she was not perfect. Affliction
and reproach had too much inHa-
ence and impression upon her, and
finally broke her heart"

After her husband's death, the son
wrote that she, "who had been under
great concern of mind about her re-
moving out of her native countr}-,
was now released from her trouble
on that head, but saw herself reduced
to the desolate estate of a sorrowful
widow, which she never expected;
And being a woman naturally too
susceptible of the impressions of
grief, she gave such way thereto as
to abate her natural force and vigor
and shorten her days. And afler
breaking up housekeeping at PKm-
outh and sojourning a while at Salis-
bury and then settling at Sandwich
in the County of Barnstable with her
son Mr. Rowland Cotton, she finished
her course October 12, 1702."

JOHN COTTON. 507

June, 1665, died at Guilford, 8 September, 1669; 4.
Rowland, born at Plymouth, Massachusetts, 27 Decem-
ber, 1667, H. U. 1685, minister of Sandwich, Massachu-
setts; 5. Sarah, 5 April, 1670, married William Brad-
bury; 6. Maria, 14 January, 167 1-2, married Wymond
Bradbury, of Salisbury; 7. A son, 28 September, 1674,
died the next day; 8. Josiah, 10 September, 1675, ^^^^
9 January, 1676-7; 9. Samuel, 10 February, 1677-8,
died 23 December, 1682; 10. Josiah, 8 January, 1679-80,
H. U. 1698, compiler of the manuscript history of the
Cotton Family, died at Plymouth, 19 August, 1756;
II. Theophilus, 5 May, 1682, H. U. 1701, minister of
Hampton Falls, New Hampshire.

WORKS.

/ I. Letters in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, i, xxi, xxxv, and xxxviii.

2. T. Prince^ in the manuscript catalogue of his New England Li-
brary, which belongs to the library of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, writes : " ¥• Rev M' John Cotton of Plimouth being well
acq? w*** y« Ind° Lang* was des** by y« Ind° Comis"» to correct m'
Eliot's vers° of 1663; took this method — while a good Reader in
his study read y^ Eng Bible aloud, M' Cotton silently look'd
along in y® same Place in y* Ind° Bible : & wh' He thot of Ind^
words w^ He judged c** express y« sense better, There He substi-
tuted y? & this 2^ Edit° is accord* to m' Cotton's correction."

The Apostle Eliot wrote in the Roxbury Church Records :
^^ When the Indians were hurried away to an Hand at half an
hou's warning, pore [?] soules in terror y left theire goods, books,
bibles, only some few caryed y' bibles, the rest were spoyled [?] &
lost. So y* w" the wares w' finish**, & y returned to y' places, y w'
greatly impovlsht, but y especially bewailed y* want of Bibles, y*
made me meditate upon a 2^ imp'ssion of o Bible. & accordingly
tooke pains to revise the first edition. I also intreated m' John
Cotton to help in y work, he having obtained some ability so to
doe. he read over the whole bible, & what ever doubts he had,
he writ y"* downe in order, & gave y" to me, to try y™ & file y™

5o8

CLASS OF 1657.

over among o^ Indians. I obteined the favor to reprint the Nev
testam^, & psalmes. but I met w% much obstruction for reprint-
ing the old tes^m^. yet by Prayer to God. Patience & intreatys.
I, at last obteined y^ also praised be the Lord."

3. In 1688, Mr. Eliot wrote to the Honorable Robert Boyle,
asking £10 for Mr. Cotton, and adding: ^^I must commit to him
the care and labour of the revisal of two other small treatises, viz:
Mr. Shepheard's Sincere Convert and Sound Believer, iPirhich I
translated into the Indian language many years since."

4. Cotton ^^kept a Journal or Diary of Remarkables from the
time of his going from New England to September 14, 1699 - * *
four days before his death."

AXJTHORITIES. — F. Baylies, His-
torical Memoir of the Colony of New
Plymouth, ii. 252. W. G. Brooks,
Manuscript Letters, 1862, February
24 ; 1872, August 14. Connecticut
Public Records, cd J. H. Trumbull,
i. 346, 359. A. B. Chapin, Glasten-
bury, 37. John Cotton, Account of
the Churches in Plymouth, An Ap-
pendix to P. Robbins's Sermon at C
Robbins's Ordination, 16-22; and in
Collections of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society, iv. 122-129. Josiah
Cotton, Manuscript History of the
Cotton Family, and Diary, copied by
W. G. Brooks from the original in
possession of Roland Edwin Cotton.
H. W. Cushman, Cushman Geneal-
ogy, 88, 103. J. Davis, in N. Mor-
ton's New England's Memorial, 344,
409, 411. J. Eliot, in Roxbury
Church Records. J. Farmer, in
American Quarterly Register, x. 245 ;
and Farmer and Moore's Collections,
iii. 41. N. Goodwin, Foote Family,

xxxix. D. Gookin, in Collections of
the Massachusetts Historical Society,
i. 203 - 205. Harvard College Stcw^
ard's Account - Books, i. 167, 168^.
E. Hazard, State Papers, ii. 507, 50S,
530. A. Holmes, Annals of Amer-
ica, i. 469. Massachusetts Histor-
ical Society, Collections, L 203 - 205 ;
xiii. 187, 188; xxiL 147, 3CX3^ 501,
310; XXXV. 133; xxxviiL 226-259,
403, 482. C Mather, Magnalia, iii.
31, 20a New England Historical
and Genealogical Register, L 164 ; iL
78; V. 240, 241; viii. 31; ix. 132.
T. Noyes, in American Quaiteriy
Register, viiL 147, 155. Plymouth
Records, x. 329, 330, 331, 356. T,
Prince, in E. Mayhew's Indian Con-
verts, 299. J. Savage, Genealogical
Dictionary, L 462; iii. 577. S.
Sewall, Manuscript Diary. N. B.
Shurtleff, Letter, 1872, August 26.
J. Thacher, History of Plymouth, 2d
ed. 123, 136, 154, 168, 273-278.
J. A. Vinton, Giles Memorial, 78.

JOHN HALE. 509

JOHN HALE.

Bom 1636, died 1700, aged 63.

Rev. Johk Hale, M. A., of Beverly, Massachusetts,
born 3 and baptized 5 June, 1636, at Charlestown, Mas-
sachusetts, was the oldest child of Robert Hale, a black-
smith, who probably came in the Winthrop fleet, in
1630, was one of the earliest members of the Boston
church, being No. 18, and one of the first two deacons
of the Charlestown church, of which he and his wife
Jone or Joanna were among the founders, 14 October,
1632.

The son's college bills contain the usual charges; but
among the credits are several items which appear for the
first time on the Steward's books, "a ferking of soop
20s.," "tobacko" three times, and, 8-10-54, "Geuen by
the Corporation for waytinge and his monitorwork £2.
IIS."; after which he is credited "by his monitors worke,"
"monitary seruice," or "monitorship," fifteen shillings a
quarter till he graduated.

With his classmate Symmes he was admitted to the
church in Charlestown "6 Month 22 1658."

Hale studied divinity, and about 1664 was preaching
at Bass-river-side, now Beverly.

As early as 10 February, 1649-50, writes Rantoul, the
inhabitants on the "north side of Bass river, which sep-
arates Beverly from Salem, . . . were so numerous, as to
desire of the Church in Salem, ^some course to be taken
for the means of grace amongst themselves, because of
the tediousness and difficulties over the water, and other
inconveniences; which motion was renewed again the
2and of the 7th Month 1650; and the 2nd day of the
8th Month," according to the church records, as cited

5IO CLASS OF 1657,

by Rantoul, "they returned answer, that we should look
out for us, some able and approved teacher to be amongst
us, we still holding communion with them. . • . But on
farther experience, we upon the twenty-third day of the
first month, 1656, presented our desires to be a church
by ourselves. . . . Our desire being consented to, we pro-
ceeded to build a meeting-house on Bass-river-side, and
we called unto us successively" Joshua Hobart and Jere-
miah Hobart, graduates in 1650, and Mr. John Hale.

Inviting the latter 15 May, 1665, "*with one consent
... to come amongst us, in order to settling with us in
the work of the ministry ; for his due encouragement in
the work of the Lord among us, according to I L Chron-
icles, xxxi. -xxxiv.; and that he may attend upon the
work of the ministry, without distraction, we do promise
and engage to pay unto him, £70 per annum, and his
firewood : raised amongst us by a rate in equal portions,
according to our former custom. And for the manner
and time of payment, that he may not have to do with
particular men's portion of allowance, the bill shall not
be delivered unto him, nor shall he be troubled with
gathering of it in ; but two men shall be chosen year by
year, to take the care of bringing it into his house, and
to make up the account at the appointed time. Nehe-
miah x. 34. Also, whereas we have built a house for
the ministry, wherein it is defective, to be furnished by
us ; and there are two acres of home lot (to be fenced in
by us), and as much meadow land belonging to it, as
commonly bears about four loads of hay. We do agree
that he shall have the use of that, so long as he con-
tinues in the work of the ministry with us. Yet because
it is his duty to provide for wife and children, that he
may leave behind him, and our duty to have a care of
him in that respect, we do therefore promise and engage,
that in the case he die in the ministry with us, that either

JOHN HALE. 511

the house and two acre home lot aforementioned, shall
be his, or that which is equivalent, to be paid (accord-
ing to his last will and testament), within the compass of
one year after his decease. It is also agreed by all of
us, that Mr. Hale shall have the use and benefit of pas-
turing, the time he lives with us.* The first persons
chosen to make the rate for Mr. Hale's maintenance, for
the year 1665, were Captain Thomas Lathrop, who was
slain in the battle of Bloody Brook, September 13th,
1675 (^^^ style), Mr. Thorndike, Roger Conant, the
first settler of Salem, in 1626, and in 1665, ^" ^^^
seventy-fifth year of his age, Samuel Corning and Joseph
Rootes. At another meeting. Lieutenant William Dixy
and Humphrey Woodberry, have power to appoint the
time, and to give notice to the inhabitants, when they shall
come together to build the house for Mr. Hale's cattle,
and whoever doth not come, shall pay 3 j. The house to be
18 feet long, 10 feet wide, and seven or eight feet stud."

" 'It is agreed, that farmer Dodge shall be paid for his
ground which is bought for the ministry, either two cows
or ten pounds. Humphrey Woodberry is to have after
the rate of 20s. an acre, for his ground, and he is to have
free liberty to pass through with a cart, when he hath
occasion.' "

"* After almost three years experience of Mr. John
Hale, our motion [to the church in Salem] was again
renewed, the twenty-third of the fourth month, 1667. . . .
There was a unanimous consent, of the brethren present;
. . . only it was left to the sacrament day after, when in the
fullest church assembly, the consent of the whole church
was signified by their votes, and so they gave their lib-
erty to be a church by themselves, only they continued
members here, until their being a church.' " Upon this,
the brethren, 28 August, renewed their call to Hale,
whose answer is printed by Rantoul and Stone.

5ia CLASS OF 1657.

The persons who were to constitute the new church,
together with Hale, who brought a letter of dismission
and recommendation from the church in Charlestown,
met 20 September for organization and ordination^ invi-
tations having been sent to the churches of Salem, Ips-
wich, and Wenham to be present and assist by their
pastors and messengers. "In regard to our nearness,
and that they are a church issuing out of ourselves," say
the Salem church records, "it was thought meet for as
many to be present as could, so when the day came, di-
vers of the brethren were present."

The pastor elect "propounded and read a confession
of faith and covenant which they had often considered
amongst themselves, and did then (all that had been in
full communion in the church of Salem,) express their
consent unto that confession and covenant, and so were
owned as a particular and distinct church of themselves,
by the messengers of the churches present." Then the
pastor elect was ordained "by the laying on of hands of"
John Higginson of Salem, Thomas Cobbett of Ipswich,
and Antipas Newman of Wenham; and so Hale received
fellowship and was publicly recognized as pastor of **the
church of Christ at Bass river, in Salem."

Thus, after nearly eighteen years spent in these pre-
liminary movements, which illustrate the practice and
spirit of the early inhabitants of New England, the
people of Beverly entered upon an independent career in
ecclesiastical as also in civil matters, though not incorpo-
rated as a town till 14 October, 1668.

November 9, 1667, "In order that Mr. Hale should
be supplied with wood, four men were appointed to de-
termine how much each man should cut and haul, and
see to the delivery of it." In 1671, "They agreed with
two persons to deliver thirty cords, corded up in Mr.
Hale's yard, at 6s. per cord. And if that was not sufB-

JOHN HALE. 513

cient to complete the year, to bring enough more at the
same rate," the year to begin in November, 1671.

"Various measures were adopted, from 1667 to 1684,"
says Stone, "for the supply of Mr. Hale's wood, at
which latter date, his salary was fixed at £64 in money,
instead of £70, payable in produce at a regulated price,
called rate pay^ and which was not more valuable than
the former sum. About the time of his marriage £10
were added to his salary," which thenceforward continued
to be £74 till his death.

March 5, 1694, the dwelling-house and two-acre home-
lot where he lived were granted to him and his heirs.
It was on the road to Cape Ann, a short distance east of
the meeting-house.

Hale was "one of the seventeen ministers who bore
testimony against the old church in Boston, when they
settled Mr. Davenport."

In 1680, when the people were thrown into great con-
sternation and distress by the heirs or assigns of John
Mason laying claim to all the lands between the Merri-
mack and Naumkeag Rivers, he was appointed, with oth-
ers, to defend the town's rights, to memorialize the King
and General Court, and to perform various other services
required by the exigency.

In 1690 he was invited to be one of the chaplains in
Phips's expedition against Canada. The Legislature gave
little heed to the objections of his parishioners, to whom
he submitted the subject; for, "the next day after their
presentation, it was ordered, that the Rev. John Hale
[with others named] be desired to accompany the Gen-
eral and forces, ... to carry on the worship of God in
that expedition."

"What induced Mr. Hale to accept this invitation,
contrary to the strongly expressed wish of his flock,"
writes Stone, "is unknown. It is not improbable, that

3 3 [Priated 1873, Jannarj 4*]

514 CLASS OF 1657.

as a large number were engaged in this enterprize, he
was anxious to accompany them that he might watch
over their morals." He served from 4 June to 20 No-
vember, and also acted as interpreter; his son Robert in
the mean time preaching, and performing other ministe-
rial duties. For these services, on petition of his grand-
son, Robert Hale, three hundred acres of land were
granted to his heirs by the Legislature, 31 December,
1734, and early in 1735 "laid out by Richard Hazzen
Surveyor and two Chain men on Oath, ... in the Town-
ship of Methuetiy ... on Haverhill line."

Hale's name appears in connection with the prosecu-
tions for witchcraft in 169a.

Upham says: "If any surmise is justifiable, or worth
while, as to the author of the advice to Goodwin,** to
prosecute Glover, "the old Irish woman" who ^as exe-
cuted for bewitching his children, " I should be inclined
to suggest that it was John Hale." March 24, 1692,
when "Goodwife N\urse] was brought before the Magis-
trates ... to be Examined in the Meeting-House, the
Reverend Mr. Hale begun with Prayer." He was pres-
ent, he acknowledges, "at several Examinations and
Tryals, and knew sundry of those that Suffered." Four
of his parishioners were accused and condemned. But,
as Bentley remarks, in a manuscript note to a copy of
Hale's Modest Enquiry, he "was the first to suspect the
proceedings against Witchcraft."

In October, his wife, then enceinte^ was accused. To
quote Upham: "Her genuine and distinguished virtues
had won for her a reputation, and secured in the hearts
of the people a confidence, which superstition itself could
not sully nor shake. Mr. Hale had been active in all
the previous proceedings; but he knew the innocence and
piety of his wife, and he stood forth between her and the
storm he had helped to raise: although he had driven it

^ JOHN HALE. 515

on while others were its victims, he turned and resisted
it when it burst in upon his own dwelling. The whole
community became convinced that the accusers in crying
out upon Mrs. Hale, had perjured themselves, and from
that moment their power was destroyed; the awful delu-
sion was dispelled, and a close put to one of the most
tremendous tragedies in the history of real life. The
wildest storm, perhaps, that ever raged in the moral
world, became a calm; the tide that had threatened to
overwhelm everything in its fury, sunk back to its peace-
ful bed. There are few, if any, other instances in history,
of a revolution of opinion so sudden, so rapid, and so
complete."

Until this complaint was made against his wife, says
Rantoul, "Mr. Hale held to the opinion, . . . that when
through the instrumentality of any one, the devil afflicted
others, it was conclusive evidence, that the person thus
made use of to gratify his malignity, was in league with
him, and so no longer to be permitted to live among a
christian people. But after the accusation of his wife,
instead of suspecting the truth and sincerity of her ac-
cusers, he adopted the opposite opinion, which would
reconcile the fidelity of her accuser, with the entire inno-
cence of his wife, and throw the whole blame upon the
devil. He however contended, that the devil might and
did make use of the true christian, in afflicting others,
who would accuse the instrument which he made use of
against their will, of his own diabolical acts. This opin-
ion prevailed extensively, and gave a new turn to the
prosecutions."

Hale's change of sentiment prompted him to write
his " Modest Enquiry Into the Nature of Witchcraft,"
in the Preface to which, dated 15 December, 1697, he
says: "I have been from my Youth trained up in the
knowledge and belief of most of those principles I here

5l6 CLASS OF 1657.

question as unsafe to be used. . . . The reverence I bore to
aged, learned and judicious persons, caused me to drink
in their principles in these things, with a kind of Im-
plicit Faith."

"But observing the Events of that sad Catastrophe,
Anno 1692. I was brought to a more strict scanning of
the principles I had imbibed, and by scanning, to ques-
tion, and by questioning at length to reject many of
them."

"I have had a deep sence of the sad consequence of
mistakes in matters Capital; and their impossibility of
recovering when compleated. And what grief of heart
it brings to a tender conscience, to have been unwittingly
encouraging of the Sufferings of the innocent. And I
hope a zeal to prevent for the future such sufferings is
pardonable, although there should be much weakness^
and some errors in the pursuit thereof. ... I have special
reasons moving me to bear my testimony about these
matters, before I go hence 6f be no more^

On page 167, in bewailing "the errors and mistakes
that have been in the year 1692," he speaks of "the ap-
prehending too many we may believe were innocent, and
executing of some, I fear, not to have been condemned."
Subsequently he adds: ^^I am abundantly satisfyed that
those who were most concerned to act and judge in those
matters, did not willingly depart from the rules of right-
eousness. But such was the darkness of that day, the
tortures and lamentations of the afflicted, and the power
of former presidents, that we walked in the clouds, and
could not see our way. And we have most cause to be
humbled for error on that hand, which cannot be re-
trieved. So that we must beseech the Lord, that if any
innocent blood hath been shed, in the hour of tempta-
tion, the Lord will not lay it to our charge, but be mer-
ciful to his people whom he hath redeemed. Deut. 21. 8.

JOHN, HALE. 517

And that in the day when he shall visit, he will not
visit this sin upon our land, but blot it out, and wash
it away with the blood of Jesus Christ."

Bentley, however, says "Hale wrote when it was too
late, and with too much pride for a man, who had done
so much harm."

Hale died 15 May, 1700, and was succeeded in the
ministry by Thomas Blowers, H. U. 1695.

"March 22d, 1704-5, the Selectmen allowed Jonathan
Dodge five shillings, for his great care and pains, in fetch-
ing Mr. John Hale from Charlestown in a coach, and
Jonathan Herrick is allowed five shillings, for being
helpful on the same occasion."

Rantoul says: "An examination of the Church records
during the whole period of Mr. Hale's ministry, furnishes
convincing evidence of his liberality. Nothing is there
to be found, indicative of any interference with freedom
of opinion. Censures of the Church, for immorality
of life, were not unfrequent in those days, but none
appear on record for errors of opinion."

December 15, 1664, about the time Hale began to
preach at Beverly, he married Rebecca, daughter of Henry
Byley, of Salisbury, a tanner, who left a wife Rebecca at
Salisbury, England, when he came to Boston in the
Bevis from Southampton in 1638. Having had Rebecca,
born 28 April, 1666, and Robert, born 3 November,
1668, H. U. 1686, Hale's wife died 13 April, 1683, aged
45. March 31, 1684, he married Sarah Noyes, probably
daughter of the Reverend James Noyes, and had James,
born 14 October, 1685, H. U. 1703, of Ashford, Cory-
necticut; Samuel, born 13 August, 1687, father of Rich-
ard, of Coventry, whose son, Nathan Hale, was executed
by the British as a spy, 22 September, 1775; Joanna,
born 15 June, 1689; and John, born 24 December, 1692.
This second wife, whose character was the occasion of

5l8 CLASS OF 1657.

the change of feeling in relation to the witchcraft prosecu-
tions, died 20 May, 1695, aged forty- one. August 8,
1698, he married Elizabeth, born 1646, daughter of
Henry Somerby, of Newbury, and widow of Nathan-
iel Clark, whom she married 25 November, 1663, and
who was mortally wounded in the expedition against Can-
ada in which Hale was chaplain.

Elias Nason, in a communication to the New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, xvi. 259, noticing
the bury ing-p laces in Exeter, New Hampshire, says, the
third "was on the rising ground now occupied by the
First Congregational Church. The headstones were . . .
leveled and buried above the bones which they commem-
orated, many years ago. Only one of them, sunk sev-
eral inches below the surface of the earth, remains half
visible. . . . Removing the earth and long grass with a
spade, I succeeded in decyphering the inscription upon
the sunken horizontal slate stone slab: *Mrs Elizabeth
Hale Relict of ye Reverend mr John Hale Late Pastor
of ye church in Beverly and sometime wife to Nathaniel
Clark, Esq., Late of Newbry Dec** who died March ye
15'** 1 7 16 aged 71 ye".'" John Clark, H. U. 1690,
third minister of Exeter, was her son.

WORKS.

1. In 1683, Hale preached the Artillery Election Sermon, from
Judges iii. i, 2. Probably not printed.

2. May 17, 1684, ^he General *' Court, taking notice of the
great paynes & labour of the Reuend M** John Hale in his sermon
vpon the last election day, doe hereby order Samuell Nowell, Esq,
M' Henry Bartholmew, Capt Daniel Epps, & M' Exercise Con-
nant to give M' Hale the thanks of this Court for his great pajnes,
and that, as a further testimony of their acceptance thereof, doe in
the Courts name desire a coppy of him, that may be fitted for the
presse, and to take efFectuall care that the same be printed at the
publick charge."

JOHN HALE.

5^9

I have not seen a copy of this sermon, nor the title in any cata-
logue; but Sprague notices it as ^^an i8mo. of less than two hun-
dred pages."

3. A Modest Enquiry | Into the Nature of | Witchcraft, |
and I How Persons Guilty of that Crime | may be Convicted :
And the means | used for their Discovery Discussed, | both
Negatively and Affirmatively, | according to Scripture and | Ex-
perience. II Boston in N. E. Printed by B. Green, and J. Allen,
for Benjamin Eliot under the Town House 1702. sm. 8vo. Pp.
3-7 An Epistle to the Reader, March 23^, 1697, 8, signed by
John Higginson, Pastor of the Church of Salem; pp. 8-12 The
Preface to the Christian Reader. Beverly, Decemb. isth. 1697.
John Hale; Text pp. 13-176.

^^My Reverend Brother Mr. Hale, having for above Thirty TearSy
been Pastor of the Church at Beverly {but Two Aftles from Salem,
where the Tryals were) was frequently present^ and was a diligent Ob^
server of all that passed^ and being one of a Singular Prudence and Sa^
gaciiy^ in searching into the narrows of things: He hath {after much
deliberation) in this Treatise^ related the Substance of the Case as it
wasy and given Reasons from Scripture against some of the Principles tff
Practises then used in the Tryals of Witchcraft ; and said something
also in a Positive way^ and shewing the right Application that is to be
made of the whole, and all this in such a pious and modest manner , as
cannot be offensive to any, but may be generally acceptable to all the
lovers of Truth and Peace," — Higginson's Epistle, 6.

Cotton Mather borrowed freely from this work before it was
printed.

Authorities. — J. W. Barber,
Connecticut Historical Collections,
547. W. Bentley, in Collections of
the Massachusetts Historical Society,
vi. 267, 269. T. Brattle, in Collec-
tions of the Massachusetts Historical
Society, v. 75. T. Bridgman, Pil-
grims of Boston, 343. B. and W.
R. Cutter, Cutter Family, 19, 20.
S. G. Drake, Result of Researches,
60. Essex Institute, Historical Col-
lections, vii. 72. J. Farmer, Gene-
alogical Register, 132; and Ameri-

can Quarterly Register, x. 247. £.
E. Hale, in I. W. Stuart's Life of Capt.
Nathan Hale, 188. J. Hale, Modest
Enquiry, 5, 10-12,167. Harvard
ColL Steward's Account-Books, i. 161.
T. Hutchinson, Hist of Massachusetts
Bay, i. 270; ii. anno 16^. J. Kcl-
ley, in Exeter News Letter, 1847, Au-
gust 2. Mass. Bay Records, v. 441 ;
and House Journals, 1734, December
31; i735» April II, 16, June 19;
1735-6, January i, 7, March 18. C.
Mather, Magnalia, vi. 79. I. Mather,

5^0 CLASS OF 1657.

Further Account of the Tryals, 5. can Pulpit, i. 168. E. M. Stone, His-

New England Histor. and Genealog. tory of Beverly, 29, 204-220. C

Reg-j i- 153-6; iv. 267; vi. 341; viL W. Upham, Salem Witchcraft, L and

271, 300; xvi. 259; xxiiL 190, 282. ii. ; and Salem Witchcraft and Cotton

R. Rantoulyin Collections of the Mas- Mather, 6, 10^ 29, 6c^ from the His-

sachusetts Hist Society, xjcvii. 250, torical Magazine. J. A. Vinton,

255. J. Savage, Genealogical Die- Vinton Memorial, 176. Z. G.

tionary, i. 326; ii. 329, 330; iv. 140. Whitman, Hist, of the Ancient and

W. B. Sprague, Annals of the Ameri- Honorable Artillery Company, 2i8w

ELISHA COOKE.

Bom 1637, died 171 5, aged 78.

Elisha Cooke, M. A., of Boston, where he was born
16 September, and baptized 5 November, 1637, was son
of Richard Cooke, tailor, said to have come from Glou-
cestershire, England, with his wife, Elizabeth.

The son's college bills extend from 10-4-53 to 5-7—57,
his "Commencment Chardges £3*' being under the latter
date; but there being no charges in his third or Junior
year, except for detriments and half-tuition, he was prob-
ably absent during that year, as also in the following
winter, for in the March before he graduated, in addi-
tion to "monitory and wry tinge the names is. aid," he
is again charged with "detrements 5s."

Among the items of credit are "a peace of stufe and
thread £1 is. 6d.," "fower pound of plumes att 9d. p
pound 3s.," "3 yeards of searge att 6d. p yeard i8s.,"
"a yeard of Cursey 6s. 6d.," "wheatt," "suger," etc

Cooke settled in Boston as a physician, and, without
relinquishing his profession, became an active politician.
In 1673 ^^ w*^ made freeman.

In 1 68 1, he was chosen Representative from Boston
to the Legislature, and was one of the "principal

ELISHA COOKE. 521

members" of the party who "opposed the sending over
agents" to England, "the submitting to acts of trade,
&c. and were for adhering to their charter according to
their construction of it, and leaving the event."

He was one of the "faction in the generall court, sit-
ting in Boston, 15 Feb. 81" [168 1-2] against whom Ed-
ward Randolph exhibited to the Lords of the Council
*' Articles of high Misdemeanor," urging that they should
"attend and answer the articles" in England. He con-
tinued to be elected Representative, and at the sessions
beginning 16 May and 7 November, 1683, was chosen
Speaker.

In 1684, 1685, and 1686, he succeeded Joseph Dudley,
H. U. 1665, as Assistant, Dudley favoring the surrender
of the colonial charter; but when Dudley was made
President at its abrogation, Cooke of course was "left
out."

He was one of the signers of the message to Andros,
18 April, 1689, to "deliver up the government and forti-
fications"; and having been an Assistant in 1686, with-
out holding any office, however, in the intervening time,
he became a member of the " Council for the safety of
the people, and conservation of the peace, . . . until, by
direction from England, there be an orderly settlement
of government."

Notwithstanding the imprisonment of Andros and his
confederates, Edward Randolph wrote to Cooke from
the "Common Goal, Nov. 25th. Sir, Your treating Sir
Edmund Andross like a gentleman when you were last at
the Castle, shall be remembered with respect. ... If you
please to call on me as you come this way and take a
glasse of cyder you shall be welcome. Be confident noth-
ing shall render me otherwise than a hearty friend to all
good men."

In January, 1689-90, Hutchinson says: "The gen-

522 CLASS OF 1 657.

eral court thought it adviseable to send over two of their
members to join with Sir Henry Ashurst and Mr. £In-
crease] Mather in maintaining their charges against their
oppressors, as well as in soliciting the restoration of the
charter, with such additional privileges as should be
thought proper, viz. Elisha Cooke, and Thomas Oakes,
both of them assistants. Mr. Cooke was a gentleman
of good understanding, and had been well educated, had
always adhered stifRy to the old charter, and when all
the rest of the assistants declined reassuming it, he alone
was in favor of it. . . . They were instructed, among other
things, to sollicit in parliament, or elsewhere, the con>
firmation of their ancient charter, and all its rights and
privileges, civil and sacred, and, if there should be op-
portunity, to endeavour the obtaining such farther privi-
leges as might be of benefit to the colony. The agents
disagreed, and by this means, certain articles intended
against Sir Edmund were never signed by them," and the
result was, " Sir Edmund and the rest were discharged.'*

"When Mr. Mather found it impossible to obtain
the restitution of the old charter, his next care was to
preserve as many of the privileges contained in it as he
could. Sir Henry Ashurst joined with him in all his
measures. Mr. Cooke was for the old charter, or none
at all. Mr. Oakes, the other agent, joined with Mr.
Cooke"; he nevertheless "signed the petition for a new
charter. . . . Mr. Cooke continued firm to his first prin-
ciples, and as he would never take any one step towards
obtaining the charter, so he utterly refused to accept of
it, when granted, and he endeavoured to prevent the
colony from accepting it also."

By the new charter, "The nomination of the officers
reserved to the crown" being "left, for the first time, to
the agents, or rather to Mr. Mather, who was considered
instar omnium^' several, "rigidly attached to the old

ELISHA COOKE. 523

charter/* "who had been of the assistants chosen by the
people, were left out of the number, Mr. Cooke in par-
ticular. . . . Mr. Mather, no doubt, expected they would
appear in opposition to the acceptance" of the new
charter.

Cooke, with Oakes, returned to Boston 23 October,
1692, and 15 November kept a "Day of Thanksgiving
for his safe Arrival.""

In 1693 he was elected to the Council, but Phips,
whose appointment as governor he had opposed, nega-
tived him. "He was however in real esteem with the
people, and the negative was impolitic." June 8, Sewall
wrote: "Mr. Danforth labours to bring mr. Mather &
Cook together but I think it vain. Is great wrath about
mr. Cooks being refus'd, & 'tis supos'd mr. Mather is
y* cause."

In 1694 Cooke was again elected Councillor, and, Phips
being recalled to England, took his seat, and held it by
annual elections till the arrival of Dudley as Governor.

In 1695 he was appointed Judge of the Superior
Court, in place of John Richards, deceased, and in 1701
succeeded William Stoughton, H. U. 1650, as Judge of
Probate.

He was confidential adviser of Lord Bellomont, who,
even "Whilst he was at New York," on his way to
Massachusetts as governor, Hutchinson says, "kept a
constant correspondence with Mr. Cooke, one of the

' "Tuesday, Novl 15*? 1692. Mr. Preach'd; from Jacob's going to

Cook keeps a Day of Thanksgiving Bethel sung twice after my being

for his safe Arrival. Mr. Bradstreet & there, w** was late, & once before.

Lady, Major Richards & wife, Major Sung after Diiier. Mr. Baily & mrs.

Gen! Mr. Danforth, CoL Shrimpton, Baily there. Mr. Mather not there,

Mr. Oakes & wife, mr. Sergeant & nor mr. Cotton Mather. The good

W. mr. E" Hutchinson & w. Mrs. Lord unite us in his Fear, & re-

Elisha Hutchinson, Mr. Chiever & move our Animosities." — S. Sewall's

w. Mr. Morton, mr Willard & W. Manuscript Diary.
Mr. Allen & w. = Mr. AUen

5^4 CLASS OF 1657.

council for the Massachusets, who was a principal man"
of the party opposed to Dudley and his adherents.

As a member of the Council which in 1689 committed
Dudley to prison, and kept him there twenty weeks,
Cooke was the object of bitter animosity to the latter,
who, on becoming governor in 1702, ** indulged his
implacable hatred" by turning him out of his judicial
offices, issuing new commissions to all the Judges but
him; '^and from that time he ceased to have any con-
nexion with the court."

Eliot says, Cooke "was the opposer of all the gov-
ernours, but the pointed enemy of Dudley, and never
missed the opportunity of speaking against his measures,
or declaring his disapprobation of the man. On the
other hand, Dudley negatived him as often as he was
chosen into the council," which was annually until the
year 17 15. In that year, writes Hutchinson, "Mr.
Dudley met the assembly, at the election in May, but
made no speech, though he had never failed of doing
it before. The Council and House chose his great adver-
sary Mr. Cooke, whom he had so often negatived, into
the council, and either from indifference, or a spirit of
forgiveness before his political departure, he now ap-
proved of him. . . . Cooke died the 31st of October this
year. . . . He was esteemed as a physician, but most re-
markable in his political character, having been more
than forty years together employed in places of public
trust, alway firm and steady to his principles."

According to the Leverett Memorial, Cooke's family
" is said to have been the wealthiest in Boston. . . . He was
for many years the leader of the democratic party in the
Colony, and shared the odium or approbation of the
government as the one or other party prevailed. His
wealth, family, and political connections gave him great
influence in the Colony. . . . The celebrated Dr. Bentley,

JOHN WHITING.

S^S

an enthusiastic admirer of the two Elisha Cookes, fancied
that the word Caucus was derived from Cooke' s-house,
in which popular meetings were frequent. . . . This was
a large stone mansion in School street, near the present
City Hall. . . . Cooke' s-court, now Chapman-place, was
owned by the Cookes."

In June, 1668, Cooke married Elizabeth, born 26 April,
1 65 1, daughter of Governor John Leverett by his second
wife, Sarah Sedgwick. She died 21 July, 17 15. Their
only child, Elisha Cooke, H. U. 1697, was born 20 De-
cember, 1678.

Authorities. — S. G. Drake, His-
tory of Boston, 483. J. Eliot, Bio-
graphical Dictionary, 126. J. Far-
mer, Genealog. Reg., 67. Harv. ColL
Steward's Account-Books, i. 165, 166.
A. Holmes, Annals of America, i. 515.
T. Hutchinson, History of Massachu-
setts Bay, i. 331, 335, 341, 378, 386,
393» 405, 408, 4", 414 ; ii. 709 78, 81,
109, 129, 133, 136, 148, 211 ; and Pa-
pers, 574, 575. S. L. Knapp, Bio-
graphical Sketches, 273. [C. £.
Leverett], Memoir of Sir John Lev-

erett, etc., 96. Massachusetts Bay
Records, iv. (ii.) 586. Massachu-
setts Histor. Society, Collections, xx.
25. New England Historical and
Genealogical Register, ii. 78 ; iv. 133.
J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, i.
445, 449 ; iii. 83. S. Sewall, Manu-
script Diary. E. Washburn, Judi-
cial History of Massachusetts, 81,
1 15, 154, 180, 241, 263. J. H. Whit-
more, Massachusetts Civil list, 26,
31, 34, 46, 47, 50^ 64, 68, 70.

JOHN WHITING.

Bom about 1637, died 1689, aged 52.

Rev. John Whiting, B. A., brother of Samuel Whit-
ing, H. U. 1653, was probably born at Lynn, Massachu-
setts, soon after the arrival of his father, the Reverend
Samuel Whiting, whom the "Ecclesiastical Sharks...
drove" over " the -^/iia»/iV Sea, unto t\it American Strand,"
in 1636.

526 CLASS OF 1657.

From the College accounts of "whittinge Jeuner,"
which extend only from 10-4-53 to 6-4-56, and in-
clude "detrementes" 9-1-54-5, and "detrementes" and
"half-tuitiones" 7-7-55, it seems probable that he was
not only absent during part of the college course, but
that he left the institution in the summer of 1656, a
supposition strengthened by the consideration that there
are no '^Commencment chardges*' against him, and that
he did not take his second degree.

Among the items put to his credit are, " 10—3—54
Alowed him out of the Puneshmentes 6s. 8d," "8—4-55
Payd by takinge of his bro Sir whittinges Credite and
puting Itt on hear £5 5s. 7id.," and "15-2-56 Payd
by Captaine Sauage by two billes from the Ironworks
£4 lOS."

Cotton Mather states that he "was intended for a
Physician*' \ but he early went to England, where he
"became a Preacher'' at the church of St. Andrews in
Butterwich, a small village about four miles from Bos-
ton, his father's native place; after which he was Rector
of Leverton, seven miles from Boston, "where he died
a Godly Conformist."

His father's will, dated 25 February, 1678, and pro-
bated 30 March, 1680, contains the following item:
"My second son John Whiteing Liveing in ould Eng-
land, at Leverton in Lincolnshire, shall . . . have thirtye
pounds of my estate that I leave, sett out to him as an
addition to what he hath alreddye receiued (viz.) ten
pounds in moneys; & twentye pounds in Common paye:
according to the ordinarye prises of Corne, cattle &c : in
the Countrye."

The son is said to have died 11 October, 1689.
Thompson states that '*John Whiting and his wife
Esther were both buried, October 19th, 1689."

BARNABAS CHAUNCY. 5^7

Authorities. — S. G. Drake, His- edition, 274. C Mather, Magnalia,

tory and Antiquities of Boston, 363. iii. 157. J. Savage, Genealogical

J. Fanner, Genealog. Register, 314; Dictionary, iv. 518. P.Thompson,

and in American Quarterly Register, History and Antiquities of Boston,

X. 248 ; Farmer and Moore's Collec- 430, 558. W. P. Upham, Letter,

tions, ii. 233. Harv. College Stew- 1872, August 29. W. Whiting, Me-

ard's Account - Books, i. 169, 17a moir of Reverend Samuel Whiting,

A. Lewis, History of Lynn, Newhall's 13, 87, 159, 274.

BARNABAS CHAUNCY.

Bom about 1637, died perhaps 1675.

Barnabas Chauncy, M. A., brother of Isaac and Icha-
bod, H. U. 1651, and of Nathaniel, Elnathan, and Israel,
H. U. 1661, third son of President Charles and Catharine
(Eyre) Chauncy, was born in England, a very short
time before his father came to America, in 1637.

I find no allusion to him while in college, the leaf of
the Steward's book which probably contained his account
being torn out.

He was admitted to full communion with the Church
in Cambridge 10 December, 1658.

In May, 1665, he was invited to preach at Saco. In
April, 1666, there was a meeting at Saco about his
** going away and his wages," when it was voted that
"It is the consent of the major part of this meeting that
Master Chauncy may be safely sent home as speedily as
conveniently may be. Mr. F. Hooke and R. Booth
are appointed by this meeting to take care for his passage
at the town charge." The rates levied for his services
were not collected, and two years afterward, in April,
1668, we find that "Mr. Williams hath delivered 34s. in
to Mr. Barnabas Chansee upon condition that if the
townsmen do not approve of it, he promises to allow it
back again."

528 CLASS OF 1657.

September 11, 1666, the General Court, "hauing binn
informed that the praesident of the coUedg is in some
necessity, by reason of the aflicting hand of God vpon
him in his sonne, & other things concurring thereto,
judge meet to order the Treasurer of the country forth-
with to pay vnto the sajd praesident the some of twenty
pounds, as a gratuity from the Court for a supply of
his present wants."

In 1673, EInathan Chauncey presented to the Gen-
eral Court a petition, setting forth that his father *'was
a Servant to the Country" as President of the College
"for about 17 yeares, in all w* time he never receiued
for allowance any other paym* but such as the Country
rate brought in, w* was greatly to the impoverishing of
his family thorow the great streights, that they were vn-
avoydably put into. So that had not he had Some releife
in Some other kind, they could not possibly haue Sub-
sisted, and now after the decease of Parents, their chil-
dren are left in a very poore condiccon, and especially one
Brother that is throw the Lords afflicting hand so farr
distemp** as renders him wholly vnable to do any thing
towards his owne mainetenance and so will of necessity
be an annuall charge, and it is a great adition to this So
great an afflicion, that his poore Brothers haue not in
their hands to relieue him"; wherefore he prays that
"what is due on ace* of" his "fathers Sallary . . . may be
payd in money," and that "by the order of this Court
Some care may be taken that my poore distracted Brother
may not p'sh for want. . . ."

Whereupon it was ordered. May 7, 1673, "that the
arrears due to y* late Reuerend M' Charles Chancy,
praesident, be pajd by the Tresurer in mony, and that
there be an allowance anually of tenn pounds a yearc, to
be payd by the country Tresurer in money to the dea-
cons of Cambridge, for & towards the releife of the pe-
ticoners brother, Barnabas Chauncey."

BARNABAS CHAUNCY. 529

**Novemb. lo. 1674. The Overseers [of the College]
being informed of the sad & distressed Estate of m'
Barnabas Chauncey, Son of m' Charles Chauncey deced
late President of the CoUedge, ordered y* the Treasurer
of the Colledge pay ten pound in mony out of the Col-
ledge Treasury for his present Supply of cloathing and
bedding, etc." This sum was paid 24 November, to
John Woods, of Marlborough, for Chauncy's use. The
College Treasurer's account-books contain no notice of
any later appropriation, and he may have died soon af-
terwards. Charles Chauncy, H. U. 172 1, says he "died
in middle age an immature death."

The circumstances that the last payment for him was
made to an inhabitant of Marlborough, that in the part
of the town since incorporated as Westborough a tract
of land was granted to President Chauncy, and that there
is a pond there called after his name, suggest the possi-
bility that the last days of the graduate may have been
spent at that place. The Reverend Ebenezer Parkman,
H. U. 1721, remarks: "It is said that in early times
one Mr. Chauncy was lost in one of the swamps here;
and that from thence this part of the town had its name."

Authorities. — Cambridge Church Treasurer's Accounts. C. Hudson,
Records. C. Chauncy, in CoUec- History of Marlborough, 35, Mas-
tions of the Massachusetts Historical sachusetts Bay Records, iv. (ii.) 314,
Society, x. 178. S. Deane, History 557; and Manuscript Archives, Iviii.
of Scituate, 178. G. Folsom, His- 88. C. Mather, Magnalia, iii. 140.
tory of Saco and Biddeford, 131. W. Newell, Church Gathering, 52.
W. C. Fowler, Memorials of the £. Parkman, in Collections of Uie
Chaunceys, 32, 33 ; and in New £ng- Massachusetts Historical Society, x.
land Historical and Genealogical 84* J. Savage, Genealogical Die-
Register, X. 254. Harvard College tionary, i. 366, 368.
Corporation Records, iii. 66; and

34 [Printed 18731 jMuwy 4.J

CLASS OF 1658.

Joseph Eliot, Jonah Fordham,

Joseph Haynes, John Barsham,

Benjamin Bunker, Samuel Talcott,

Samuel Shepard.

JOSEPH ELIOT.

Born 1638, died 1694, aged 55.

Rev. Joseph Eliot, M. A., of Guilford, Connecticut,
son of John Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians, and
brother of the Eliots who graduated respectively in 1656,
1660, and 1665, was born at Roxbury, Massachusetts,
20 December, 1638.

The leaf of the College Steward's Account-Book con-
taining the charges against him is torn out; but among
the items credited to him as "Eliatt Jeu" are several
goats, "ane oxe wight neete fower quarter" hid tallow —
589 pound £7," "a red oxe wight 383*," "7 6 54 Payd
by 4 bush appells at the Commencment 14s.," four
bushels more for los. at Commencement the next year,
and three bushels for 9s. the year following, etc., the
fruit perhaps being of extra quality and wanted specially
for the occasion. "The 28-11-59 payd by returne of
his study and gallery — 3-12-00."

After graduating, Eliot began to qualify himself to
instruct the Indians. Among the Acts of the Commis-

JOSEPH ELIOT. 531

sioners of the United Colonies in September, 1658, is
the following record : " M' Joseph Elliatt being tendered
by his father to bee Imployed in the Indian worke and
himselfe manifesting his Reddiness to attend the same
was promised due Incurragment according as hee shall
Improue himselfe in learning of the Language/' The
Commissioners' accounts for September, 1660, have the
item, "To M' Josepth Elliott for his Incurragement in
studdying the Indian Language these two yeares past to
fitt him for the worke £20," and in September, 1661,
£10 "To m' Joseph Elliot Juni' for his Sallary for the
yeare past ending September 6i."

November 23, 1662, the people of Northampton,
Massachusetts, "unanimously expressed their desire to
settle Mr. Joseph Elliot among them as a teacher^'' Eleazar
Mather having been ordained pastor of the church, 18
June, 166 1, and John Strong ruling elder soon after-
wards, different duties being assigned to these three
officers in the early churches. "His salary was fixed
at 50 pounds." January 11, 1663, "^^^ town voted to
give him 80 pounds, and 60 pounds a year, and to build
him a house." He "assisted Mr. Mather in the min-
istry for a year or two," but was not ordained.

About 1664 or 1665 ^^ ^^^ settled at Guilford, Con-
necticut. "The Church and Town Greatly flourished
under his Successfull Ministry ; and Rose to Great Fame
in the Colony. After this Burning & Shineing Light
had ministred to this Good people About 30 year", he
Deceased May 24: 1694, to the inexpressible Grief of
his belove^ flock whose memory is not forgoten to this
Day [1769]."

Thomas Ruggles, H. U. 1690, also from Roxbury,
was ordained his successor in 1695.

Eliot's first wife, Sarah, daughter of William Brenton,
Governor of Rhode Island, by his wife Martha, was the

53^ CLASS OF 1658.

mother of, — i. Mehitable, born 6 October, 1676 ; 2. Ann,
born 12 December, 1677, who married, 20 December,
1698, Jonathan Law, Governor of Connecticut, and died
16 November, 1703; 3. Jemima, born 1680, who mar-
ried, 14 November, 1699, the Reverend John Woodridge,
H. U. 1694; 4. Bashua, born 1681-2. She dying in
the winter of 168 1-2, Eliot married, about 1684, Mary,
born 1656, eldest daughter of Samuel Willis, of Hartford,
H. U. 1653, by his wife Ruth, daughter of John Haynes,
first Governor of Connecticut, by whom he had 5. Jared,
born 7 November, 1685, Y, C. 1706; 6. Abiel, 1687;
7. Mary, 1688; 8. Rebecca, 1690.

At the May session in 1698, the General Court of
Connecticut ordered land to be laid out to the widow,
" M" Marie Elliott . . . formerly granted to the Reverend
M' Joseph Elliott deceased." She died 11 October,
1729.

A correspondent of the New York semi-weekly Even-
ing Post, 29 October, 1869, writes: "The homestead
and farm, ... owned and occupied in 1664 by Rev. Jo-
seph Elliot, . . . now the residence of his immediate de-
scendant, . . . has never passed out of the family. A pear
tree, . . . planted by Rev. Mr. Elliot himself, bore fruit
up to 1865, when it was blown down by a storm. It
was supposed to be older than the famous Stuyvesant
tree," in the city of New York. "The present occu-
pant, Mr. Lewis R. Elliot, is a relative of the late Fitz-
Greene Halleck, who was also a descendant of the Elliot
family."

WORKS.

Letters, in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical So-
ciety, xxxviii. 374-379.

Authorities. — Connecticut Pub- History of Connecticut, 27, 29, 399.
lie Records, ii. 84, 99, 389 ; iv. 262. S. Dwight, Travels in New England
Contributions to the Ecclesiastical and New York, i. 345, 346. B. B.

JOSEPH HAYNES. §23

Edwards, in American Quarterly and Genealogical Register, v. 334.

Steward's Account - Books, i. 185. Thomas Ruggles, in Collections of

E. Hazard, State Papers, ii. 395,431, the Massachusetts Historical Society,

443. J. G. Holland, History of iv. 188; x. 93, 94; and Historical

Western Massachusetts, i. 52. E. Magazine, 2d Series, v. 230. J. Sav-

E. Law, Letter, 1863, September 7. age, Genealogical Dictionary, i. 342 ;

Massachusetts Historical Society, ii. in; iv. 577. R. H. Walworth,

Collections, xxxi. 13; xxxviii. 374- Hyde Genealogy, ii. 1171. S. Wil-

3799 465. C. Mather, Magnalia, liams, Historical Sketch of North-

iii. 173. New England Historical ampton, 16, 17.

JOSEPH HAYNES.

Bom about 1641, died 1679, aged 38.

Rev. Joseph Haynes, or Haines, B. A., of Hartford,
Connecticut, born at Hartford in 1641, brother of John
Haynes, H. U. 1656, was son of Governor John Haynes
by his second wife, Mabel Harlakenden.

The first charge against him in the College Steward's
books is dated 9-4-54, and the last 5-3-59. He was
probably absent during the greater part of the Sopho-
more year, as he is charged for half-tuition and detri-
ments, 7-10-55, 7-1-56, and 6-4—56, the words "debitor
senc his last Comminge" being written between the last
two dates. The other items are for the ordinary ex-
penses; and the payments are made chiefly in malt and
wheat, there being none in silver.

He "supplied the pulpit in Wethersfield [Connecticut]
in 1663 and 1664. During the latter year he was called
to the first Congregational Church in Hartford," where
he and John Whiting, H. U. 1653, who had been settled
previously, became successors of the famous divines
Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone.

Some account of Haynes's participation in the Hart-

534 CLASS OF 1658.

ford church quarrel, of which the colleagues became the
two contending leaders, has already been given on page
345 in the notice of Whiting, and further particulars
may be found in a letter written in 1666 by the Rev-
erend John Davenport, and printed in the Collections
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xxx. ^g^-Bi.

According to Trumbull's History, "There were...
different sentiments among the brethren and between the
ministers, relative to the qualifications of church mem-
bers, the subjects of baptism, and the mode of discipline.
Mr. Whiting and part of the church were zealous for the
strictly congregational way, as it has been called, prac-
tised by the ministers and churches, at their first coming
into New-England. Mr. Haynes and a majority of the
congregation were not less engaged against it. The dif-
erence became so great, that it was judged expedient,
both by an ecclesiastical council and the assembly, that
the church and town should be divided. An ecclesiasti-
cal council having first advised to a division, the gen-
eral assembly, in October, 1669, passed an act" accord-
ingly. " M'. Whyting and his party refusing to hold
comvnion w*** M' Haynes and his party withdrew** and
organized a new church; Haynes continuing his connec-
tion with the old church until his death, 24 May, 1679.

About 1668 Haynes married Sarah, born about 1638,
daughter of Captain Richard Lord, of Hartford, who
with Captain Pynchon was relied on to secure the regi-
cides Whalley and GofFe for trial in England. Of
Haynes's children, John, born in 1669, graduated in
1689, and Sarah became, in 1694, second wife of the Rev-
erend James Pierpont of New Haven, H. U. 168 1.

Authorities. — S. Bradstreet, the Ecclesiastical History of Con-
Journal, in New England Historical necticut, 22, 24, 404, 506. A. B.
and Genealogical Register, viii. 327, Chapin, Glastenbury, 38. J. Daven-
331 ; ix. 45, 49. Contributions to port, in Collections of the Massa-

BENJAMIN BUNKER. 535

chusetts Historical Society, xxx. 6a Genealogical Register, xvii. 96. J.

N. Goodwin, Foote Family, xxxix. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, ii.

Harvard College Steward's Account^ 389, 390; iii. 115, 432. B. Trum-

Books, i. 191, 192. Massachusetts bull, History of Connecticut, i. 461.

Histor. Society, Collections, xxxviii. R. H. Walworth, Hyde Genealogy,

339. New England Historical and ii. 117a

BENJAMIN BUNKER.

Bom 1635, ^^ 1^7^ ^cd about 35.

Rev. Benjamin Bunker, or Buncker, M. A., of Mai-
den, Massachusetts, baptized at Charlestown 20 September,
1635, ^^® ^^^ ^^ George Bunker, — from whom Bunker
Hill derives its name, he owning the summit of it, — who
came to New England, accompanied probably by his wife
Judith and his son John Bunker, and who, in 1637,
was disarmed for espousing the cause of Ann Hutchin-
son, though in the following year the General Court
made him constable of Charlestown and granted him fifty
acres of land.

The graduate, admitted to full communion in the
church at Charlestown 29 April, 1660, was ordained at
Maiden 9 December, 1663, as colleague with Michael
Wigglesworth, H. U. 1651.

Wigglesworth wrote an Elegy "Upon the much La-
mented Death of that precious Servant of Christ M' Ben-
jamin Buncker, Pasto' of the Church at Maldon, who
deceased on the 3^ of y* 12*^ moneth 1669." It was
printed in the Puritan Recorder, 11 October, 1855, and
in the New England Historical and Genealogical Regis-
ter, xxxvi. 1 1 ; the original, consisting of one hundred
and twelve lines in fourteen stanzas, being among the
Ewer Manuscripts, i. 8, belonging to the New England
Historic-Genealogical Society. Wigglesworth says: —

§2^ CLASS OF 1658.

"He was another Timothie

That from his very youth
With holy writt acquainted was

And vers't ith* word of truth.
Who as he grew to riper yeers

He also grew in Grace:
And as he drew more neer his End,

He mended still his Face.

"He was a true Nathaniel,

Plain-hearted Israelite,
In whom appeared Sincerity

And not a guilefull Sp'rite,
Serious in all he went about

Doing it with his Heart»
And not content to put off christ

With the Extemall part

"He was most sound and Orthodox,

A down-right honest Teacher,
And of soul-searching needful! Truths

A zealous. Painfull Preacher.
And God his Pious Labours hath

To many hearers blest,
As by themselves hath publiquely

been owned & confest.

"He hath in few yeers learned more.

And greater Progress made
In Christianity, then some

That thrice the time have had.
A humble, broken-hearted man

Still vile in his own eyes
That from the feeling of his wants

Christ's Grace did highly prize.

"Still thirsting to obtain more full:
Assurance of Gods Love:
And striving to be liker christ
And to the Saints above.

BENJAMIN BUNKER. 537

Although he was Endu'd with Gifts

And Graces, more then many.
Yet he himself Esteemed still

More poor & vile then any.

"In fruitless, empty, vain discourse

He took no good content:
But when he talk't of Heav'nly things,

That seem*d his Element.
There you might see his heart, & know

What was his greatest Pleasure,
To speak & hear concerning Christ

Who was his onely Treasure:

"His constant self-denying frame,

To all true saints his love,
His meekness, sweetness, Innocence

And Spirit of a Dove,
Let them be graven on oiu: hearts

And never be forgot.
The name of Precious Saints shall live,

When wicked mens shall rot

"O Maldon, Maldon thou hast long

Enjoy'd a day of Grace;
Thou hast a Precious man of God

Possessed in this Place:
But for thy sins thou art bereft

Of what thou didst possess ;
Oh let thy sins afflict thee more

Then do thy wants thee press.

• • • .

"Awake, awake, secure hard hearts;

Do you not hear the Bell
That for your Pastours Funerall

soundeth a dolefuU Knell?
You that would never hear nor heed

Th' instructions that he gave,
Me-thinks you should awake & learn

One lesson at his Grave."

538 CLASS OF 1658.

Bunker's widow, Mary, by an instrument dated at
Roxbury, 12 January, 1676-7, "Releases to Jon* Bun-
ker for 40 shillings per year all Right to Land of her
late husband Benj. Bunker of Maiden."

AtJTHORlTlES. — Bi - Centennial England Historical and Genealogical

Book of Maiden, 156. Ewer Manu- Register, vii. 206; x. 241 ; zxv. 148;

scripts, i. 8, in New-England Hist xxvi. 11. J. Savage, Genealogical

Genealog. Society's Library. R. Dictionary, L 298 ; and J. Winthrop,

Frothingham, History of Charles- History of New England, i. 24S.

town, 83. J. Hull, Diary, in the Ar- S. Sewall, in American Quarterly

chaeologiaAmericana,iii. 23a Mas- Register, xi. 177, 193. T. B. Wy-

sachusetts Bay Records, i. 212. New man, Letter, 1872, September 4.

JONAH FORDHAM.

Bom about 1633, died 1696^ aged 63.

Rev. Jonah Fordham, B. A., son of the Reverend
Robert Fordham, of Southampton, Long Island, by his
wife, Elizabeth Benning, a member of the church at
Milford, Connecticut, "was settled" at Hempstead,
Long Island, in 1660. Thompson says: "He was so
much esteemed by the people that in 1663 the town voted
that he should have allotments with the other inhabitants
and also a £2cx) estate, if he pleased, which according to
the rule of valuation then adopted, amounted to jcx) acres,
with woodland in proportion." His father having died
in 1674, he "returned to Southampton, ... and labored
in the ministry there, probably till the arrival of the Rev.
Mr. [Joseph] Taylor in 1680," a graduate in 1669.

"'Sept. 26, 1687,'" continues Thompson, apparently
quoting the records of Brookhaven, "*it was ordered by
a major part of the town, that Mr. Jonah Fordham of
Southampton, be sent unto, desiring him to officiate in

JOHN BARSHAM. 539

the work of the ministry in this town/ '* but he declined.
In 1 69 1 he ''accepted a second invitation, declining a
settlement on account of his health, but remained here
six years, when he returned to Southampton, where he
died July 17, 1696, aged $2'"

His successor at Hempstead was Jeremiah Hobart,
H. U. 1650, who was installed 17 October, 1683, and
at Brookhaven George Phillips, H. U. 1686.

Fordham's son Josiah was great-grandfather of Benjamin
F. Thompson, author of the History of Long Island.

Authorities. — F, B. Dexter, Let- alogical Register, ii. 263. J. Savage,

ter, 1872, January 13. N. S. Prime, Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 184.

History of Long Island, 223, 281. B. F. Thompson, History of Long

New England Historical and Gene- Island, i. 338, 422, 423 ; ii. 22.

JOHN BARSHAM.

Bom 1635, di^ before 170a

John Barsham, B. A., born 8 December, 1635, was
son of William and Ammiel, Annabel, or Annabell Bar-
sham, of Watertown, Massachusetts, who came from
England, perhaps in 1630. His residence at the College
appears to have continued little more than two years, as
his quarter-bills extend only from 9-4-54 to 5-7-56;
the charges afterward being "from the 5-7-56 to the
5-4-58 by 8 quarters detrements, £2," and "Att the
10-6-58 by his Comencment Chardges £3" and "as,
6id." for sizings.

In 1661 and 1662, perhaps before, he taught the school
in Hampton, New Hampshire, the town agreeing, 16
May, 1661, "'Y* Thomas Marston & William Moulton
shall Joyne with John Sanborn to Hire the p'sent

540 CLASS OF i658«

schoolemaster for another yeere p'uided they shall nott
Exced the som of twenty-six pound for his yeeres wages
nor be more dificult in his pay than the last yeere.'
The salary agreed upon was £26."

J. Coffin says he was at "Exeter ae. 28 in 1669; keep-
ing school in Hampton, 1672."

The Reverend Nicholas Oilman, H. U. 1724, of Dur-
ham, New Hampshire, in his Interleaved Triennial Cata-
logue of 1733, locates him at Portsmouth as a teacher,
writing "Poed Portsm*"" against his name.

Bell writes: "I find many deeds & other instruments
to which he was a witness or a party. From August 23,
1669, to April 22, 1693, he appears to have been a resi-
dent of Portsmouth — a schoolmaster, and acting as scriv-
ener pretty largely. He was taxed in Portsmouth 6 shil-
lings in 1673, and bought land there in 1678, which he
sold again in April, 1693. . . . There is no record of adm"
on his estate in this county [Rockingham] ; so he proba-
bly died elsewhere." His death must have occurred not
long afterward, as he is starred in Mather's Magnalia and
in the Triennial Catalogue of 17CX).

His father, in his will, dated August, 1683, says:
*'I give unto my son, John Barsham a hifer at two
yeers old and the vantage and fowre ewe sheep and five
pounds in silver," adding in a codicil, 29-1-84, **twen-
tie shillings" more.

By his wife, Mehitabel, he had i. Annabel, 31 May,
1670; 2. Mary, 21 February, 1671-2; 3. Dorothy, 2
February, 1673-4; 4. Sarah, 11 August, 167-; 5. Wil-
liam, 25 April, i678,

AtJTHORiTiES. — C H. Bell, Letter, Books, i. 202. Middlesex County

1872, October 14. H. Bond, Family Probate Files and Records. New

Memorials, 17, 677. J. Dow, in England Historical and Genealogical

Hampton Reports, March, 1872, 21. Register, vi. 208; vii. 116. J. Sav-

J. Farmer, Genealogical Register, 26. age, Genealog. Dictionary, i. 127.
Harvard College Steward*s Account-

SAMUEL TALCOTT. 54I

SAMUEL TALCOTT.

Born about 1635, died 1691, aged 56.

Samuel Talcott, otherwise Tallcot, Tallcott, etc.,
born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, about 1635, was son
of John Talcott, who arrived at Boston 16 September,
1632, and removed with Hooker from Cambridge to
Hartford, Connecticut.

His college accounts extend from 9-4-54 to 7-4-59.
There are charges for freights from Connecticut to Bos-
ton, and from Boston to Cambridge, and for bringing
"wheatt and malt from the Creek is. 6d.," besides "the
monitor and wrytinge of names is. yid.," "glasse mend-
ing IS.," "buttenes and silke bought by the steward 3s.
6d.," with several "detrementes," indicating absences
from the institution, or that he did not live in college.
His "Commencment Chardges £3" are in the quarter-
bill dated 15-7-58, with the addition of "Sizinge senc
the quarter-day 5s.," etc. The payments were made with
"wheatte," "make," "a ferkinge of butter £1 los.," "a
hogshead of ot meal £3 4s," "a hogshead In which the
ote meall was 4s. 6d.," etc.; but there is no mention of
silver.

Talcott settled at Wethersfield, in Connecticut, where
he was made freeman in October, 1662. From 1669 to
1684 he was Commissioner for Wethersfield; and from
1670 to 1684 Deputy to the General Court, of which
he was Secretary, "in the absence of Capt. Allyn," dur-
ing the October session of 1684.

May 16, 1676, while Philip's War was raging, he was
appointed one of "a standing Councill, to order, manage
and dispose of all such afFayres as shall be necessary to
be attended in the intervalls of the Gen" Court."

54^ CLASS OF 1658.

May 12, 1677, "Mr Sam" Tallcott is approued and
confirmed Leivtenant of Wethersfeild Traine Band," by
the General Court. October 14, 1679, "Mr. Sam'^ Tall-
cott is by this Court approved to be Left"' of the Troope."
October, 1681, "Mr. Sam" Tallcott is confirmed Capt"
of the Troope of Hartford county," and was reconfirmed
after the resumption of the charter government, in June,
1689.

From 1685, except during the period of Andros's ad-
ministration, he was Assistant until his death, 10 No-
vember, 1 69 1.

November 7, 1661, he married Hannah, born 9 June,
1644, daughter of Elizur Holyoke, of Springfield, Mas-
sachusetts, whose wife was Mary, daughter of William
Pynchon. She died 2 February, 1679, and 6 August
following he took a second wife, Mary. He had chil-
dren by his first wife only.

Authorities. — Connecticut Pub- 205, 206. S. Judd, Letter, 1846,
lie Records, i, ii, iii, iv. Harvard June 25. J. Savage, Genealogical
College Steward's Account-Books, i. Dictionary, ii. 456 ; iv. 251. .

SAMUEL SHEPARD.

Born 1 64 1, died 1668, aged 26.

Rev. Samuel Shepard, M. A., of Rowley, Massachu-
setts, born at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1641, was
son of the Reverend Thomas Shepard by his second
wife, Joanna, daughter of the Reverend Thomas Hooker,
of Hartford, Connecticut, and half-brother of Thomas
Shepard, H. U. 1653, by the first wife, and half-brother
of Jeremiah Shepard, H. U. 1669, by the third wife.

Matthew Day, disposing of three silver spoons by

SAMUEL SHEPARIX 543

will, dated lo May, 1649, gives "the 3^ that hath my
owne name on it w*^ I brought out of England to my
old acquaintance little Samuel Shepard."

The first college charges against him are dated 9-4-54,
and the last, including "Commencment Chardges," 5-7-
58. Among the items are "two pair of stockines 6s.,"
** monitor and wry tinge of names is. yd.," "repaire of
glasse" three times, etc. On the credit side are "Payd
by bro gofF by seuerall payments," also by "tobacco is.,"
"a barne £6," etc.

It would seem from the affix of "Socius" to his name
on the earliest as well as all subsequent catalogues of
graduates, that he was Tutor or Fellow; but I find noth-
ing to this effect on the College Records.

He was admitted to full communion with the church
in Cambridge 19 July, 1663, and dismissed 13 August,
1665, to the church in Rowley, where he was ordained
15 November, 1665, as colleague pastor with Samuel
Phillips, H. U. 1650, the latter continuing teacher.
There Shepard died, 7 April, 1668, after a ministry of
less than three years, leaving a will dated 4 April, three
days before his death.

Cotton Mather says, he "was one, whose Heart was a
Tent in which the Lord remarkably chose to Dwell'*
Jonathan Mitchell, H. U. 1647, cited by Mather, rep-
resents him as "A very Precious, Holy, Meditating,
Able and Choice Young Man. ... His Attainments in
Communion with God, and in Daily Meditation and
Close Walking, may shame those that are Elder than
he. He was but Twenty six years of Age in October last.
He was an Excellent Preacher, most dearly Beloved at
Rowfyy and of all that knew him; but just settled among
them. The People would have Plucked out their Eyes for
him, to have saved his Life. But he was ripe for Heaven^
and God took him thither: A Gain to him but an in-
valuable Loss to us."

544 CLASS OF 1658.

William Hubbard, H. U. 1642, writes that he "was
called from Christ's plough by an untimely sickness, as
soon almost as he had put his hand thereunto early in
the spring of his life, as well as of the year, ... in the
very flower of his youth, blossoming with hopes of greater
fruitfulness in the vineyard, if he might have continued
longer therein."

The following certificate of his marriage is entered on
the Rowley Town Records: "Thes are to certifie that
Mr. Samuel Shepard and Mrs. Dorothy Flint were joined
in marriage before me the 30 of Apperil 1666 by me
Daniel Gookins." Dorothy Flint, called "Mrs.** by way
of respect, youngest daughter of Henry Flint, first min-
ister of Braintree, whose wife was Margery, eldest sister
of President Hoar, was born 11 July, 1642. She died
12 February, 1667-8, less than two months before her
husband. They left one child, Samuel Shepard, H. U.
1685.

Authorities. — Christian Exam- xvi. 604. C Mather, Magnalia, iV.

iner, xliv. 340. J. Fanner, Gene- 206. New England Historical and

alogical Register, 262. J. B. Felt, in Genealogical Register, iii. 181 ; vii

American Quarterly Register, vii. 253. 205. W. Newell, Church Gather-

T. Gage, History of Rowley, 19, 74, ing, 52. J. Savage, Genealogical

388. Harvard College Steward's Dictionary, ii. 174; i v. 75, 76. M.

Account-Books, i. 203, 204. W. A. Stickney, in the Essex Institute

Hubbard, in Collections of the Historical Collections, vi. 38.
Massachusetts Historical Society,

APPENDIX.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-50 TO 1659.

The following names are taken from the oldest of six College Steward's
Account-Books, found by Lucius Robinson Paige, D. D., in the possession
of descendants of the Bordmans, who held the office of Steward from 1682
to 1750, and noticed by him in the Proceedings of the Massachusetts His-
torical Society for September, i860, page 68. From an earlier volume,
-which is lost, balances of accounts were transferred to this, which, though
its value is impaired by mutilation, occasionally contains the best and some-
times the only memoranda respecting students at the College from 1649-50
to 1659. The names of those who graduated, as well as of those who did
not graduate, are here printed in the order in which they are recorded, the
numerals following the letter S designating the pages in the Steward's Book.
Dates of quarter-bills have been added, as pointing to the time and dura-
tion of the residence at College, and the period of study required for de-
grees ; while the nature of the payments, and the names of persons by whom
made, afford hints for identification of the students, and throw light on the
College expenses and other matters pertaining to the early history of the
institution.

Rev. Samuel Danforth, H. U. 1643, p. 88, — S. i, 2.

"M' Samuell Danforth." The dates of his quarter-bills are
from 14-4-50 to 27-3-52. The charge 14-4-50 "by Commoncs
and Sizinges" is followed by 24-2-51 "payd for m' lyons" £i
1 8s. 6d., "payd by the Psedente for him" 12s., "payd vnto m'
Whalley" 6s., and 27-3-52 "payd by gregry Stone" Ss. The
credits are 15-1-49-50 "P ballance" £1 os. 6d., "Alowed him
for Defecte of his fellowship as appeares by the Psedentes booke"
£1 los., "Alowed him by Anger by Desoluinge his studye" 16s.

William Mildmav, H. U. 1647, p. 164. — S. 3, 4.

"M' Willyam Mildmay and m' Lyons"; the latter being a tutor
of Mildmay. Their quarter-bills arc dated from "quarter-day"
14-2-50 to 28-2-51. "Quarter-day 13-7-50 by m' Willyam

[Priated 1873. January 6.]

54^ APPENDIX.

myldmay his Commencment Chardges'' £3 2s. 6d., being for his
second degree, and ^^Dew at his Commencment to the Psedent"
£ 2. '* Commencment day 30 of July befor this quarter day, pard
for moxon" 13s, 7d. 2q., etc. The first credit is 15— 1—49-53
"P ballance" 8d. iq. Afterward are 14-2-5 1 "m' mildmay his
lone returnd for the gallery'' £1 los., ^'payd by brodstreat for a
dixenary" los., 24-2-51 ''payd by Edward goflF for a saddell of
m' lyons" jBi, etc.

Rev. Jonathan Mitchell, H. U. 1647, p. 141. — S, 5, 6.

"M' Jonathan michell fellow." Debitor from 15-I-49— 50 "P
ballance " to 8-7-54, with '' his Commencment Chardg " jB 3 4s.
5d. on quarter-day 13-7-50. There is "Alowed him for his fel-
lowship" £3 on each of the quarter-days 15-I-49-50 and 13-
7-50, on the latter quarter-day there being "payd to virard his
Commencment Chardg" 9s.

Rev. Nathaniel Mather, H. U. 1647, P- '57- — S. 7, 8.

"M' Nathaniell mather." Debitor 30-5-50 "being the day of
Commencment by his Commencment Chardges" £^ 2s. 3d.

Samuel Eaton, H.U. 1649, p. 171. — S. 9, 10.

"Sir Eaton fellow." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 "P ballance as
appeares" ^2 los. 9d. to 9-10-53, including 10-7-52 "by his
Commencment Chardge" £3, with charges during the whole
time for "study rente and beed making." The first credit is on
the quarter-day 14-4-50 "Alowd him for his Instructinge Some
pupelles" IIS., after which there are quarterly allowances for his
fellowship till 11-1-52-3.

Rev. Urian Oakes, H. U. 1649, p. 173. — S. 11, 12.

"Sir okes fellow." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 "P ballance"
£1 3s. I id. to 11-1-52-3, including 10-7-52 "his Commenc-
ment Chardges" £3.

Rev. Nathaniel White, H.U. 1646, p. 137. — S. 13, 14,
"M' Whitte." Debitor from 13-7-50 to 9-7-53.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-50 TO 1 659. 549

Samuel Willis, H. U. 1653, p. 323. — S. 15, 16.

''Mr. Samuell willes fellow Commcner." Debitor from 15-1-
4.9-50 "P ballance" £4 i6s, gjd, to 9-7-53 "Commencment
Chardg'' etc., after which are '^discontinuances'' till June, 1654.

Brookes. — S. 17, 18.

"M' Brookes Creditor Entred the Colledg the 3 of June, 51."
In the notice of the Reverend John Brock, H. U. 1646, pp. 127-
131, the prefix ^^M'", with other considerations, suggested the
probability that the College Steward, whose spelling is capricious,
ivrote Brookes for Brock, and that this was the opening of a new
account with Brock, after his return from Rowley; but the fact
that Brookes is charged for tuition, which, if Brock be meant, must
have been after he took both his degrees, makes their identity im-
probable. In a record of "The Countrey Stocke" in 1652 is the
entry, "Giuen by goodman brooke of wooborne" 4s. 6d., — per-
haps a relative.

Rev. John Rogers, H. U. 1649, p. 166. — S. 19, 20.

"Sir Rogers." Debitor from 1 5-1-49-50 "P ballance" ^63
1 8s. 2fd. to 13-1-50-1.

Rev. John Collins, H. U. 1649, p. 186. — S. 21, 22.

"Sir Collines" or "Sir Collenes." Debitor from 1 5-1-49-50
"P ballance" J64 5s. 8Jd. to 11-1-52-3. Among the charges
are 1 3-4-51 "payd by the Psedent to m' lyones for Sir Collenes"
13s. 6d., and 10-7-52, on taking his second degree, "his Com-
mencment Chardges" £3. Among the credits are "In may 50
payd by Elder frost by Tho sweatman for m" Day" £2 4s. 8d.,
14-4-50 "by 4 rymes of the best garland pap Chardg on the Pse-
dent" £2, and "by m' willes his gift of boston payd to the Pse-
dent" £l; also 1 3-1-50-5 1 "by his ChoUership when the Con-
stipell hath Collected" it £3 15s.; also "Alowed him for his
Exebition" on six occasions, each allowance being three pounds.

William Stoughton, H. U. 1650, p. 194. — S. 23, 24*

"Sir Stoughton." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 "Pballance" £$
I2S. id. 2q. to 1 2-1 0-5 1, or later, the leaf being mutilated, his
"Commencment Chardge," 30-5-50, being J63 2s. id.

550 APPENDIX. '

Rev. Joshua Hobart, H. U. 1650, p. 211. ^

Rev. Jeremiah Hobart, H. U. 1650, p. 214. J * ^5'

"The Sirs hubartes/* or "the Sir hubbarts." Debitors from
15-1-49-50 "P ballancc" J6ii 6s. 4d. to 9-6-53; 13-10-5C
*'to be added for Sack att y' Commencment dew to Sir Allcrton''
4s. 8d.

Rev, Edmund Weld, H. U. 1650, p. 220. — S. 27, 28.
" Sir Weld." Without an item charged or credited.

Rev. Samuel Phillips, H. U. 1650, p. 221. — S. 29, 30.

"Sir Philipes." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 "P ballancc" A
15s. rofd. to 1 2-7-5 1, with "Commencment Chardges" 30-5-
50, and again 9-6—53, on taking his degrees.

Rev. Leonard Hoar, H. U. 1650, p. 228. — S. 31, 32.

"Sir hoar." Debitor 15-1-49-50 "P ballance" 13s. gd. 2q.,
30-5-50 "by his Commencment Chardg" £3 2s. id., and 10-
7-53 "by Commencment Charges" £3, etc.

Isaac Allerton, H. U. 1650, p. 253. — S. 33, 34.
"S' Allerton." Creditor from 27-4-50 to 1 7-10-5 1.

Samuel Malbone? — S. 35, 36.

"Malbone." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 "P ballance" £7 8s.
2f d. Doubtless Samuel Malbone, son of the Richard Malbone of
New Haven, a magistrate, mentioned by Winthrop and Trumbull,
whose daughter "was openly whipped, her father joining in the
sentence." Richard Malbone returned to England in 1649 or
1650, though Malbone the student must have continued at the
College till late in the autumn of 1650, as, subsequently to 13-/-
50, the date of his last quarter-bill, he appears to be charged with
"mor spent after the quarter-day vntill his departing" £j los. 2d.
Nathaniel Mather, writing from "London Dec. 23, [1651?]/'
and speaking of Glover, H. U. 1650, in connection with a fclW-
ship at Oxford, says, " San> Malbone is goeing I think this day to
Oxford also, not without good hopes of a living." — F. B. Dexter,
Letter, 1872, December 13. Mass. Historical Society, Collec-
tions, xxxviii. 4, 197. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iii*

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1659. 55I

144. B. Trumbull, History of Connecticut, i. 106. J. Winthrop,
History of New England, ii. 95, 353.

Rev. Michael Wigglesworth, H. U. 1651, p. 259, — S. 37, 38.

" Sir Wiggelsworth." Debitor 15-1-49-50 "P ballance," 12-

7—51 and again 8-6-54 "by his Commencment Charges," etc.

Rev. Seaborn Cotton, H. U. 1651, p. 286. — S. 39, 40.

"Sir Cotten." Debitor 15-1-49-50 "P ballance" £1 13s.
ad., 1 2-6-5 1 "by his Commencmente Chardges" J63 Sd. iq.,
8—6—54 '*by discontinuance by 3 quarters and 9 weeks of a forth"
1 8s. 4}d., and "by his Commencment Chardges att 8-6-54" £3,
there being no item of a later date.

Thomas Dudley, H. U. 1651, p. 294. — S. 41, 42.

"Sir Dudley." Debitor 14-4-50 "P ballance vpon ane old
accounte" £1 16s. lofd., 1 2-6-51 "by his Commencment
Chardge" J63, and again 8-6-54 "by his Commencmente
Chardges," etc., the latest item against him being in September,
1654.

Andrew Goodyear ? — S. 43, 44.

"Goodyeare." Debitor "P ballance" £$ i8s. 8d., the ac-
count, apparently copied, without any dates. Probably son of
Deputy-Governor Stephen Goodyear, of New Haven, whose
daughter, Mary, married Thomas Lake, of Boston, the payments
being made "by m' lake" or "by m' Angeir for m' lacke."

John Glover, H. U. 1650, p. 296. — S. 45-48.

"Sir glover." Debitor by "Chardges sence the 15 of the first
month 49-50 vntill the 12 of the 7 month 51" <£30 2s. i^d., fol-
lowed '^ by a ratte Chardge on m' glouer by goodman Adems then
Constipell of boston and promised pay to the Colledg" £2 ys. 2d.
There are no dates to any of the credits, which fill the whole of
page 45 and part of page 47, or to any of the charges ; all on page
46, except those above cited, being cut out, as well as most of the
credits on page 47, also the leaf containing page 48, this last
probably blank. Subsequent charges, with dates, were made on
page 142.

55^ APPENDIX.

Sennott ? — S. 49, 50, cut out.

The Index contains, with a reference to page 49, a name which
looks like ^^ Swineoke.'' Can it be Sennott ?

Rev. Henry Butler, H. U. 1651, p. 297. — S. 51, 52.

"Sir buttler." Debitor 15-1^9-50 "P ballancc" £3 9s. id.,
with ''Commencmcnt Chardges" 1 2-6-51 and 8-6-54, the quar-
ter-days after taking his degrees. Page 51, containing his credits,
is cut out.

John Davis, H. U. 1651, p. 300. — S. 53, 54.

"Sir Dauis." Debitor from 1 5-1-49-50 "P ballance" £b
19s. 2|d., with '^ Commencment Chardges'' in 1651 and again
8-6-54, also 5-7-57 "by Commones and Sizinges" £1 is-
5|d., he perhaps tarrying at the College immediately before sailing
on his &tal voyage.

Nathaniel Pelham, H. U. 1651, p. 300. — S. 55, 56.
" Pelham." No items entered.

Rev. Isaac Chauncy, H. U. 165 i, p. 302. \ 0
Rev, Ichabod Chauncy, H. U. 1651, p. 308. J ' ^'^* ^

"Chancyes Senior and Jeunior/* Debitors "P ballancc** £5
i6s. 11^. without date, there being no dates till near the end of
the account; also the first ^^ Commencment Chardges'* £5 3s.
9d. without date, and the last 8-6-54 ^^by the Commencment
Charges for both m' Chances'* £6.

Jonathan Ince, H. U. 1650, p. 256. — S. 59, 60.

"Sir Ince." Debitor from 14-4-50 to 9-10-53, with ** Com-
mencment Charges" 14-4-50 and 9-7-53.

Jonathan Burr, H. U. 1651, p. 309. — S. 61, 62.

"Sir Burre" or "Sir Burr." Debitor 15-1-49-.50 "P bal-
lance" £4 3s. 3|d., with "Commencment Chardges" 1 2-6-51
and 8-6-54.

John Angier, H. U. 1653, p. 325. — S. 63, 64.
"Angeir." Debitor from 1 3-1-50-5 1 to 7-7-55.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 553

Rev. Thomas Shepard, H. U. 1653, p. 327. — S. 65, 66,
" Shipheard." Debitor from 13-1-50-51 to 9-1-54-55.

Samuel Nowell, H. U. 1653, p. 335. — S. 67, 68.
"NowcU." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 to 10-10-53.

Richard Hubbard, H. U. 1653, p. 342. — S. 69, 70.

'*Hubbart." Debitor from 15-I-49-50 to 8-7-54, with "dis-
continuances" on all his bills after 9-7-53.

Rev. John Whiting, H. U. 1653, P* 343* — S. 71, 72.

" Whittinge Senior." Debitor from 15-1-49-50, with several
'* discontinuances" after 8-7-54.

Rev. Samuel Hooker, H. U. 1653, P* 34^* — S. 73, 74.
"Hooker." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 to 9-10-54.

John Stone, H. U. 1653, p. 352. — S. 75, 76.
"Stone." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 to 8-10-54.

William Thomson, H. U. 1653, P* 354- — S. 77, 78.

"Tomsone." Debitor from 15-1-49-50 to 9-10-53, and af-
terward.

Rev. Edward Rawson, H. U. 1653, p. 359. — S. 79, 80.

"Rawsone." Debitor from 22-8-49 to 10-10-53, and later
for discontinuances.

Samuel Bradstreet, H. U. 1653, p. 360. — S. 81, 82.

" Broadstrcatt," or "Broadstreatte." Debitor, besides other
items, '^by Commones and Sizinges from the 8 Septem 54 vntill
the 8 of octo 54," etc., with discontinuances 9-10-53 and 10-
1-53-4.

Joshua Long, H. U. 1653, P- 3^^- — S. 83, 84.
"Longe." Debitor from 14-4-50 to 8-10-54.

Rev. Samuel Whiting, H. U. 1653, p. 363. — S. 85, 86.

"Whitting Jeunior," or "Whyting Junior." Debitor from
14-4-50 to 8-7-54.

554 APPENDIX.

Rev. Joshua Moodey, H. U. 1653, p. 367. — S. 87, 88.

"Moudy." Debitor from 14-4-50 to 10-1-53-4, with subse-
quent "discontinuance for 4 quarters 20s."

Rev. Joshua Ambrose, H. U. 1653, p. 381. — S. 89, 90.
"Ambros Senior." Debitor from 13-7-50 to 9-7-53.

Rev. Nehemiah Ambrose, H. U. 1653, P- 3^^- — S. 91, gz.

"Ambros Jeunior." Debitor from 13-10-50 to 9-10—53.

The latter of these Ambroses entered college three months after
the former, and continued three months later. Each of them is
charged '*by fyer and Candell" and "3 quarters discontinuance"
on his last quarter-bill.

Thomas Crosby, H. U. 1653, p. 382. — S. 93, 94.

"Crosbe." Debitor 1 5-1-49-50 "Pr ballance" etc. to 9-
10-53.

Note. — The " Commencment Chardges" of all the graduates in 1653,
on taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts, are entered on the quarter-bills
dated 9-7-53 ; but with the exception of Crosby, those in the second division,
who were required to wait till 1656 before proceeding Master of Arts, did
not enter college so soon as those in the first division, who were charged
1 5-1-49-50 " Pr ballance," the first item against them in the oldest Steward's
Account-Book now in existence.

Rev. George Shove. — S. 95, 96.

"Shoue." Payments, from 13-7-50 to 12-J-51-2, made by
Joseph Jewett, an inhabitant of Dorchester and afterward of Row-
ley. Was son of widow Margery Shove, of Rowley, though he
may have been born at Dorchester. He was ordained at Taunton,
16 November, 1665. July 12, 1664, he married Hope, or Hope-
still, daughter of the Reverend Samuel Newman, of Rehoboth,
compiler of the Concordance of the Bible, and had Seth Shove
10 December, 1667, H. U. 1687, besides other children. His wife
dying 7 March, 1673-4, he married, 16 or 18 February, 1674-5,
Hannah, born 4 September, 1643, daughter of Nathaniel Bacon,
and widow of Thomas Walley, son of the Reverend Thomas
Walley, her mother being Hannah, daughter of the Reverend John
Mayo, of Barnstable and Boston. She dying in September or 22
December, 1685, he married, 8 December, 1686, Sarah, widow of

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1659. 555

Thomas Farwell, one of the original settlers of Taunton, and died
21 April, 1687. Letters by Shove are printed in Emery's Taun-
ton, and in the Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Soci-
ety, XXXV. 23, 57, 87. — S. H, Emery, Ministry of Taunton, i.
171-176; ii. 322. F. Freeman, History of Cape Cod, i. 291,
292. J. Langley, in American Quarterly Register, xii. 137, 148.
J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, i. 91; ii. 147, 548; iii. 187,
376; iv. 89.

Phillip Nelson, H. U. 1654, p. 384. — S. 97, 98.

"Nelson." Debitor from 13-7-50 to 8-7-54, with "Com-
mencmente Chardges" £3 iSs. at the latter date.

FaRNSWORTH. S. 99, 100.

"farmworth." Debitor from 12-7-51 to 9-10-53. His first
quarter-bill contains "Entrance is.," and his last has "discontin-
uance," with only 2s. 3d. for "commons and sizinges." Among
his credits are 23-7-51 "by a lyttell browne Cowe" £4, 8-4-52
"payd vnto will Selbe sixten bush of wheatt for the vse of abraham
Erringtone" £4, 12-9-52 "payd by Leautenant Clape by Insigne
goodeno" £2, 27-9-53 "payd by george Constipell" £1, and
"payd vnto m' Richard mather" £1 los.

Can this be the person mentioned by Calamy, ii. 840? "Mr.
Farnworthy who came hither from Nnu England^ being a Noncon-
formist, and extreme Poor, died, as all about him said, of meer
Poverty; for want of warm Cloaths, Fire and Food, when the
Act of Uniformity had beggar'd many into extreme Poverty. Bax-
ter's World of Spirits J Chap. 5. Instance 20." Possibly this was
the college student, who may have gone to England with other
Harvardians; for Nathaniel Mather had written from London,
"Tis incredible what an advantage to preferm* it is to have been
a New English man." Reverend William Hooke, in a letter
dated 7 August, 1677, printed in the Collections of the Massachu-
setts Historical Society, xxxviii. 583, names "M' Farnworth"
among " the Ministers who dyed of late yeers, in the City of Lon-
don."

Edward Oakes? — S. loi, 102.
"Okes Junior." Debitor from 13-10-50 to 8-4-55. Per-

556 APPENDIX.

haps Edward Oakes, brother of Urian Oakes, H. U. 1649, ^^^ ^^
Thomas Oakes, H. U. 1662, the former of whom probably came
with their parents, Edward and Jane Oakes, from England. The
Steward's Account-Book contains no credits, and the last quarter-
bill, 8-4-55, ^^^ ^ charge of "detrements" for two quarters.
Was he one of the seventeen scholars referred to by Cotton Ma-
ther, who, about the year 1655, because additional time was re-
quired for a degree, ''went away from the Colledge without any
Degree at all"?

Jonathan Willoughby. — S. 103, 104.

'' Willoughbee." Debitor from 13-4-51 "by his Entrance
Into the Colledge" is. to 6-9-54. Payments for him were made
by "m' frances willoughbee," "by m" Willoughby In siluer,"
" by James Cuttler of Charlstowne," etc. He was eldest son of
Deputy-Governor Francis Willoughby, who with his wife Mary
and this son came from Portsmouth in Hampshire, England, and
died at Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 167 1. He began to preach
at Wethersfield, Connecticut, "on his agreement to stay one year,
on the 26th of September, 1664, — and on the same day in the
year next following, he signified his desire to remain 'till the latter
part of May following, and then to be transported back to the Bay,
according to the original stipulation with him, which was performed
by the town." The first preacher at Haddam, "of whom mention
is made in the records of the town, was Mr. Jonathan Willowbe,"
who " continued but a little time."

His father, in his will, dated 10 April, 1671, says: "Whereas
my Son Jonathan, being my eldest child hath cost me much mony
both in breeding up and seuerall other wayes, to the vallue of near
a treble portion already, and for other Serious & deliberate consid-
erations w^^ I am not willing here to mention \ I will and bequeath
to him the Sume of Ten pounds, with such of my wearing apparell
as my dear wife shall see fit, it being a griefe of soul to me that be
should run out an estate so vnprofitably as he hath done to his
present suffering I being vncapable to act to further degree of help-
fullnes to him vnless I would be vnfaithfuU to the rest of my
family which I cannot doe without breach of that rule which God
hath layd downe to direct me by : Expecting that upon considera-
tion he will rest satisfyed with this my will without making any

STUDENTS FROM I<49-50 TO 1 659. 557

disturbance to the least prejudice of my other estate, or molestation
of my dear wife, which if he should doe I leaue him under the
brand of an unnaturall and most disobedient childe, which vpon
examination his own Conscianse (w^*° I am gone) cannot but fly
in his face to great amazement, this act of mine being upon mature
deliberation after a serious debate with my owne heart : His legacy
to be paid him within six months after my desease.

^^ I giue to the children of my son Jonathan, that are borne, and
alive at this time the sume of five pounds to each to be paid when
their fathers legacy is paid."

By his wife Grizzell or Griszoll, he had Mary, born 8 May,
1664, when he was preaching at Wethersfield, or a little earlier. —
A. B. Chapin, Glastenbury, 38. Contributions to Ecclesiastical
History of Connecticut, 400, 506. D. D. Field, Statistical Ac-
count of the County of Middlesex, 69. R. Frothingham, History
of Charlestown, 141, 143, 144. N. Goodwin, Foote Family,
xxxix. Middlesex County Probate Records, iii. 184. J. Savage,
Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 578, 579. T. B. Wyman, Letter,
1872, October 17.

Rev. Gershom Bulkeley, H. U. 1655, p. 389. — S. 105, 106.

"Bulckley." Debitor from 13-4-51 "by his Entrance" is. to
5-7-56, with "Commencment Chardges" 7-10-55.

Bligh ? — S. 107, 108.

"Blye." Debitor from 13-4-51 "by his Entrance" to 8-4-
55, without Commencement charges. Creditor "by a side of
lambe," "a hindquarter of beefe," "Indian" several times,
"backen," "wheatte," "six bush of turnipes" twice, "on sid of
beafFe," etc., besides several payments by '^Captaine gookine," and
others.

John Fownell? — S. 109, no.

"Fownall." Debitor from 13-10-50 to 9-10-53. Perhaps
John Fownell, who died i April, 1654, in his eighteenth year, son
of John Fownell, of Charlestown and Cambridge, a miller, whose
widow, Mary, married a Hudson.

John Hooke. — S. in, 112.

'*hooke." Debitor from 13-4-51 to 10-7-52. John Hooke,

558 APPENDIX.

son of the Reverend William Hooke, of Taunton, New Haven,
etc. Payments made "by John hooke by siluer," "by John Sted-
man," and " by m' Tho Lake." At the end of his college account
''John hookes debitt" and "waiter hookes debite" are added
together, as well as their "Credites," indicating that the two may
have been brothers. He probably went to England soon after
his college accounts close, to benefit by the rise of Cromwell,
who was his mother's cousin. In a letter to Cromwell, dated
"Newhaven, the 3^ Novemb. 1653," published in Thurloe's State
Papers, i. 564, the Reverend William Hooke speaks of having
"written severall letters of thankfuU acknowledgment of" your
'Mordship's bounty, since I understood of the favour, which my
Sonne found in your eies." April 4, 1674, the father writes to
William GoflFe, the regicide : " Our children are all living, if he
[Ebenezer] in N. E. be so, from whom we have not heard these
severall yeers by letters from him, which is a grief to vs ; only my
son Walter dyed about 3 yeers since," etc. — F. B, Dexter, Let-
ter, 1872, December 13. S. H. Emery, Ministry of Taunton.
Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, xxxviii. 149.

John Chickering? — S. 113, 114.

" Chickeringe." Quarter-bills from 13-7-50 to 8-4-55, ^^^ '^^^
including "detrementes by two quarters." Payments were made
"by m" Day," "m' Powell," "by alline Conversse of woobourne
vpon a bill directed to him from m' John Endecoatt," "vnto the
Psedente by Thomas welsh by Tho whitte of Sudbury by the
appoyntmente of Cap wiilard 22 bush and a half of rye," "by
wheatt att wattertown mill," "by m' Dunster by Dan Stone,"
"by m' John Indecotte by m' Russell Treasurer" JE 5, *'by a
fatt Cowe" £5 4s., "by a fatt oxe" £7 6s. 8d., "by willyam
towne by dannell fisher" J62, etc. Probably John Chickering,
son of Henry Chickering, of Dedham. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of Samuel Hagborne, of Roxbury, and removed to
Charlestown, where he died 28 July, 1676, leaving a good estate
to his widow, who, 16 August, 1677, married Thomas Graves,
H. U. 1656. — J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, i. 376.

Rev. Pelatiah Glover. — S. 115, ii6.*

"Pellatiah Glouer." Quarter-bills from 13-1-50-1 to 8-7-54,

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 559

subsequently charged with "Spent from the 8-7-54 vntill he left
the CoUedg In octo 54 by Commones and Sizinges" £ I 7s. 7d.,
etc. Son of John and Ann Glover, he was born at Dorchester,
Massachusetts, in 1637, was ordained at Springfield, 18 June, 1661,
married, 20 May, 1660, Hannah, daughter of Captain John Cul-
lick, of Hartford and Boston, from Felstead in Essex, and died 29
March, 1692, his wife having died 20 December, 1689. He was
one of the seventeen scholars who left college about 1655 without
a degree. — A. Glover, Glover Memorials and Genealogies, 453-
468.

Walver. — S. 117, 118.

' "Waluer." Debitor from 12-7-51 "by his Entrance Into the
CoUedg" IS. to 8-4-55 "by Tuition and study rente" 9s. 6d.,
there being no Commencement charges. Payments were made
with '*shooes" and by "goodman wairre," probably William
Ware, of Dorchester and Boston, a shoemaker, who died 1 1 Feb-
ruary, 1658. There was also "payd to goodman bumstead 12s.
and by m' Powell 30s.", also '* by Ralph hall of woobourne by 3
bush of wheatt" iSs., and 8-4-55 Waiver is credited "by the
returne of his study." He may have been a relative of Abraham
Waiver, H. U. 1647, page 163, and was probably one of the
seventeen who left college about 1655, without a degree.

William Woodward? — S. 119, 120.

"Woodward." Debitor from 1 3-4-5 10 "by his Entrance Into
the CoUedg" is., to 7-7-55 "by detrementes and half Tuition"
9s. Probably William Woodward, — perhaps son of Peter Wood-
ward, of Dedham, — "a young and powerful preacher," who died
at Dedham 26 June, 1669. Payments for his college expenses
were made by "will woodward," '*by goodman woodward to
goodman Chickering the backer for m" Day which is all m" Day
owes him," "by Tho welsh to the Psident in a sheepe," "by
Leautenant fisher by old goodman fiske of watter towne in wheatt
rye And peasse," "payd by deacken Trusdell of boston," "by
goodman buUerd," and 23-4-55 "payd by returne of study and
gallery," etc. He was probably one of the seventeen who left
college about 1655 without a degree.

560 APPENDIX.

Rev. William Brimsmead. — S. 121, 122.

" Brinsmead." Debitor from 1 2-7-51 *'by his Entrance Into
the Colledgc" is. to 7-1-55-6 "detrements two quarters" ics.
Several payments for him were made by ^' m' pattine of dorcbcs-
ter," and he repeatedly received compensation for "wry tinge for
the Colledge," was also "Alowed by a schollership " JE 3 15s.,
and "payd by m' Jewett in a fatte stearre" £5 los., etc. He
is named in the will of his father, William Brimsmead, of Dor-
chester, who died in 1648 ; also by Cotton Mather, in his Magnalia,
as among the seventeen who, ^^upon a Dissatisfaction, about an
Hardship which they thought put upon themselves, in making
them lose a good part of a Year of the Time, whereupon they
Claimed their Degree (about the Year 1655) . . . went away from
the CoUedge without any Degree at all" He preached several
months at Plymouth, after which he went to Marlborough, where
he was ordained 3 October, 1666, and died, a bachelor, 3 July,
1 701. — C. Hudson, History of Marlborough. Massachusetu
Historical Society, Collections, iv. 47; ix. 179; xxvii. 297. C.
Mather, Magnalia, iv. 135. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary,
i. 254.

John Gore? — S. 123, 124.

"Goore." His first charge is 1 2-7-51 "by his Entrance Into
the Colledge" is. Probably John Gore, born 23 May, 1634, son
of John Gore of Roxbury. Payments were made *'to Christopher
grante a Chest of glasse for the Psident" JB6 los., "by Robert
browne for m' Alcooke to m' Angeir," "by Thomas Sweattman,"
'*by beniemaine Child In rye," *'by goodwife Pattine," etc. He
was "Punished by m' Dunster" los. on his quarter-bill of lo-i-
53-4; later than which there are no charges, except for ^^detre-
mentes and half Tuitiones." John Gore, of Roxbury, probably the
same person, married Sarah Gardner 31 May, 1683, had several
children, and died 26 June, 1705. — J. Savage, Genealogical Dic-
tionary, ii. 280.

Rev. Ichabod Wiswall. — S. 125, 126.

" Wiswall." Debitor from 1 2-7-51 "by his Entrance Into the
Colledg" IS., "by Tuition" 6s. 3d., "Lente towards the gallery"
15s., "Puneshed by the Psedent" 2s., etc., to 6-4-56. He was

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 56 1

second son of Elder Thomas and Elizabeth Wiswall, born at
Dorchester about 1637, and one of the seventeen students who,
Mather says, left college without a degree ; a statement confirmed
by the facts that there are no Commencement charges against
him, that several of his last quarter-bills contain ^^ detrementes "
and "half-tuition," and that he is credited 24-4-55 ^Y *'returne
of study and gallery roomc" £3 12s. He taught school in Dor-
chester three or four years, perhaps spent some time at Pemaquid,
where, according to Savage, he took the oath of fidelity in 1674,
was ordained at Duxbury in 1676, married Priscilla, daughter of
William Pabodie, had Peleg Wiswall, H, U. 1702, and other chil-
dren, and died 23 July, 1700, aged sixty-two. He was sent in
1689 as agent to England to procure a new charter for the Colony
of Plymouth. Increase Mather, "another son of Dorchester, also
a clergyman, about two years his junior, was at the same time act-
ing as an agent for the Massachusetts colony, and endeavoring to
obtain a charter to unite Massachusetts, Maine, and Plymouth in
one colony. Mr. Wiswall did the best in his power to obtain a
distinct charter for Plymouth, while both parties were laboring to
subvert the contemplated union with New York. Exerting them-
selves each to carry out the express objects and wishes of their
constituents — those objects being in some respects at variance —
it was natural to suppose there might have been a collision be-
tween them. This appears to have been the case. The ani-
mosity manifested, however, was of a temporary nature. Eventu-
ally, matters were amicably settled. Plymouth was joined to
Massachusetts, a component part of which it has ever since re-
mained. Those who were 'wont to trot after the Bay horse,' as
Wiswall expressed it, were satisfied, having fully accomplished
their purposes, and the diplomatists returned to their homes, Mather
having punningly uttered a hope that the 'weasel' would 'be
content in his den.' " — History of the Town of Dorchester, 483.
F. Jackson, History of Newton, 453. Massachusetts Historical
Society, Collections, xxxv, xxxviii. J. Winsor, History of Dux-
bury, 180. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 615.

MoRDECAi Matthews, H. U. 1655, p. 403. — S. 127, 128.
"Mr mathcwes." Debitor from 1 2-7-51 to 8-4-55.

36 [Printed i»r% March 4-1

562 APPENDIX.

Rev. Eleazar Mather, H. U. 1656, p. 405.
Ev. Increase M
"The mathcrs."

Rev. Eleazar Mather, H, U. 1656, p. 405. 1

Rev. Increase Mather, H. U. 1656, p. 410. J • '^^ ^^^'

Robert Paine, H. U. 1656, p. 470. — S, 131, 132.

"Paine." Debitor from 11-4-52 to 5-1-57-8, including 5-7-
56 " Commencmente Charges " £ 2, with numerous ^^ detrenaentes "
both before and after taking his degree.

Rev. Shubael Dummer, H. U. 1656, p. 471. — S. 133, 134.

*'Dummer." Quarter-bills from 8-4-52 to 7-7-56, under the
latter date containing "Commencmeqt Chardges" £3 12s. and
"Tablinge at the stewards a cake and Tuition" £2 i8s.

Rev. John Haynes, H. U. 1656, p. 475.
Roger Haynes, ^ — S, 135, 136.

Rev. Joseph Haynes, H, U. 1658, p. 533.
"haines." Debitor from 10-7-52 to 5-7-56.

On the page of credits are the entries, —
" Att 8-4-55 wholl sume
"See folio 187 Roger haines wholl Credite is
^^See folio 191 Joseph haines wholl Credite is
"Att 7-1-55-6 wholl Credit is

On the debit page is entered,—
"wholl debte att the 7-1-55-6 is
"Roger haines debt att 7-1-55-6 is
*' Joseph haines wholl debt is att 7-1^55-6
"The wholl of all is
*' wholl Credites
" Restes debitors by all three at 7-1-55-6

Rev, John Eliot, H, U. 1656, p. 476, — S. 137, 138.
"m' Eliatt." Debitor from 10-7-52 to 9-6-59.

Thomas Graves, H. U. 1656, p. 480. — S. 139, 140.

"graues." Debitor from 10-7-52 to 5-7-56, including Com-
mencement charges at the latter date. His credits extend from
1 1-9-52 to 20-3-56, after which they are continued on page 323
of the Steward's Book, where they cover the period from 30-4-56
to 15-4-57, ^^^ '*s^ '^^"^ being "paper" 8d. See page 577.

iSii

i8s. 2d.

3 4

»4

3 4

4 10

jei8

OS. 9fd.

16 ]

[8 0}

16 ]

[O oi

8 io|

4 10

4 oj

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 563

Brigham. — S, 141, 142.

"Brigham." Debitor from 10-7-52 "by entrance," etc., to
1 1-1-52-3. Perhaps from Rowley, his only payments being made
by Joseph Jewett, who after a short residence at Dorchester re-
moved to Rowley.

John Glover, H. U. 1650, p. 208. — S. 142.

"M' glouer is Debitor sence," Continuation of S. 46, from
1 5-1-49-50 "P ballance of accountes" £2 los. J^d. to 9-7-53,
with Commencement charges 1 2-7-51 and 9-7-53, and 6-12-50
^«by goodman Ademes then Constipell of boston lesigned m'
glouers ratte to be payd to the CoUedge which was 002-07-02."
No credits. See page 551.

Walter Hooke. — S. 143, 144.

"waiter hooke." Debitor from 10-7-52 to 7-9-54. Son of
the Reverend William Hooke, of Taunton and New Haven;
8-3-53 "payd by goodman pecke of new hauen vnto John Stead-
man and puit vpon the Psidents accounts with him" £4, 4-6-53
'*payd by John parker of boston," etc* He probably went to
England with his mother, whose departure is noticed in the New
Haven Town Records 27 November, 1654. His father, who went
over in 1656, wrote to William GofFe, 4 April, 1674: "My son
Walter dyed about 3 yeers since, whose life was godly, & his
death comfortable."

Seymour? — S. 145, 146.

"Sarremorre" or " Searrmorre." Debitor from 10-7-52 to 9-
10-53. Perhaps son of Richard Seymour, of Hartford and Far-
mington, Connecticut, and Representative from Norwalk. Pay-
ments by "m' Rutherforth of new hauen," "by Joseph Jeuett,"
*'by goodman pecke of new hauen."

Hunt, — S. 147, 148.

"Hunte." Debitor from 10-7-52 to 9-10-53, the last charge
being "by dammage Done vnto his study" los. Payments by
"Captaine" or "m' Edward tinge."

Rev. Samuel Megapolensis. — S. 149, 150.
"Magaplences" or "Magapalenccs." Debitor from 10-10-52

564 APPENDIX,

to 8-4-55. He was born about 1634, being the youngest son of
the Reverend John Megapolensis, first minister of Rensselaervryck,
now Albany, and from 1649 to 1669, the year of his death, pastor
of the Reformed Dutch Church in New Amsterdam, now New
York. His father 'instructed him first in the Latin and Greek
languages," and maintained him near three years ''at the Academy
at Cambridge, New England," after which he "pursued the regu-
lar and full course of Theological studies in the University of
Utrecht, and then went to the University of Leyden, . . . where
he pursued a regular course of medical studies, and obtained the
degree of Doctor of Medicine." " He returned to New York in
1662, when he became a Colleague Pastor with his Father, and
the Rev. M' Drisius. He was One of the Commissioners Ap-
pointed by Gov' Stuyvesant at the time of the surrender of the
Colony to the British." In 1668 he obtained a dismission from
his society and went to Holland ; returning, he "settled at Werni-
gerode, where he remained from 1670 to 1677; then he was in
the English Church at Flushing, ... from 1677 to 1685 > ^'^^ ^^
the English Church at Dordrecht, from 1685 to 1700, when he
was declared emeritus. The date of his death is not ascertained.
His being well skilled in the English as well as the Dutch lan-
guage led to his being called to the English (or Scotch) Churches
of Flushing and Dordrecht." — E. B. O'Callaghan, History of
New Netherland, i. 448, T, De Witt, Letter, 1845, January 16,
and another in W. B. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit,
ix. (ii.) 2.

Rev. Samuel Torrey. — S. 151, 152.

"Toory." Debitor from 11-1-52-3 to 8-4-55, with "Com-
mones and sizinges befor quarter day att march" 1655, and ^^det-
rements" till 7-1-56. He was the eldest son of William Torrey,
of Weymouth, by whom he was brought to New England in
1640, and became, says the Reverend Thomas Prince, H. U.
1707, ^^ among the Ministers ^ one of the most eminent for Piety ^ AbiUty^
Wisdom and Esteem^ in the Land.^^ He was one of the seventeen
scholars who, "/A^ Corporation making a Law that the Scholars
should study at College four Years before they commenced Batchelors
in Arts . . . went off\ and never took any Degree at alU^ He made
** returne of his study " 6-9-54. After preaching some years at

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 565

Hull, and at Weymouth in the absence of Thomas Thacher, he
ivas ordained at the latter place 14 February, 1665-6, and died on
Monday, 21 April, 1707, aged seventy-five, ^^ having Preach* d on
the Publick Fast the Wednesday before.*'

January 5, 168 1-2, after the death of Oakes, he was unani-
mously chosen President of the College, but declined. He also '
had the honor of preaching the Election sermon in the several
years 1674, 1683, and 1695.

Prince says: *'/ can write of Him from my personal Acquaintance
uuith him,

*' Being of a tall and proper Staturey excellent intellectual Powers
and Accomplishments y and of great and steady Sanctity^ Solidity and
Majesty in his Countenance and Conversation^ He struck all about Him
ivith singular Reverence : tho' at seasonable Intervals^ as at the Table^
and when his Friends came to visit Him^ He would be innocently witty
and cheatful-y but ever mixed agr cable Instruction with other Enter-
tainment and Diversion. He seemed superior to all the Ministers who
came to see Him^ who behaved towards Him with distinguishing Defer"
ence. And he was a Person of such deep and extensive Views^ that in
Publick Affairs of great Difficulty^ the Governor, Dep. Governor
and Council of the Colony us'd to send to him^ tho* 15 Miles off'^
{with some other elderly and judicious Ministers in and near Boston)
to help them with his wise Observations and Advices.

^^His Prayers both in the Family and Publick^ and his Sermons
were very scriptural^ experimental^ pathetical^ sensibly flowing from a
warm and pious Hearty and with wondrous Freedom and Variety.
When He treated on awful Subjects^ it was with most awakening So-
lemnity : but otherwise He usually expressed Himself with the most
tender and moving Affection. When He saw any Fault in any of his
Family ; He would first only look with a holy and awful Displeasure^
neither exposing nor rebuking — / believe He never struck any Person in
his Life — a Look was Terror and Reproof enough — but then take us
alone into his Study^ and speak with such Tenderness and Tears as to
melt us down in a Moment.

^^In his Family Worship, He would oflen Pray affectionately for
every Person by Name, or by such Description as we all knew^ ex-
treamly suitable to our various Cases^ which wonderfully bound us to
Him; as also for others occasionally there, and in a very striking
Manner. And I shall never forget the moving Exhortations^ Prayers

566 APPENDIX.

and Tears He us*d to pour out among the Children, at their Caterfiix-
ing a Monday-Mornings at Sun-rise in the Meeting-HoMue. Nor
had he any affected Tone ; but all his Pronunciation was perfectly agre^
able to the Nature of the Things delivered^ and so as to engage the msst
lively Attention.

** In Conversation with the late Honourable and learned Latvyer Johk
Read, Esq; [H. U. 1697] — as I happened to speak of my living unth
the Rev. Mr. Torrey of Weymouth ; He immediately said — ^Alr.
Torre Y ! That was the most wonderful Man in Prayer I ever beard:
When I was Senior Sophister at College in 1696, there being a E>ay
5/* Prayer kept by the Association at Newtown, upon some extraordi-
nary Occasion J in the House of Publick Worship ; I and several Others
went from College to attend the Exercise: where were two Prayers
made by two Ministers^ besides a Sermon by a third in the Forenoon ;
and the tike in the Afternoon : and then Mr. Torrey stood up and
pray*d near Two Hours : But all his Prayer so intirely netv and va-
rious without Tautologies^ so exceeding pertinent^ so regular^ so natural^
so free ^ lively and affecting; that towards the End of his Prayer^ hint-
ing at still new and agreable Scenes ©/"Tho't, we cou^d not help wish-
ing Him to enlarge upon them : but the Time obtiged Him to close^ to
our Regret^ and we could have gladly heard Him an Hour longer : His
Prayers so wonderfully enlivened and mov*d the Congregation^ that we
seemed not to be sensible of the Time's elapsing till he had finished*
And such extraordinary Talents were the Reason^ why as I have beard^
the Association us^d to appoint Him to hring up the Rear of their Re-
ligious Exercises both in Publick and Private.**

'* There was as I remember^ a singular Esteem and Intimacy between
Him and Lieut. Governor Stoughton, the Honourable chief yustice
Samuel Sewall, Esq ; the Rev. Mr. Joshua Moody, the Rev. Mr.
Vice President Willard, the Rev. Mr. Hobart of Newtown, and the
Rev. Mr. Thacher of Milton. . . . Mr. Pemberton had a great Fen-
eration of Him J whom I have seen at his House and Preaching his Pub-
lick Lecture. And in his Funeral Sermon on the Rev. Mr. Willard
in September following^ could not forbear mentioning the Tears
scarcely dried up for the loss of Mr. Torrey."

While at Hull he married, 15 May, 1657, M^i'yi daughter of
Edward Rawson, Secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts ; and
30 July, 1695, Mary, widow of William Symmes, of Charlestown.
He had no children. — J. Eliot, Biographical Dictionary, 456.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 567

T. Prince, Preface to W. Torrey's Brief Discourse concerning
Futurities. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 243, 314.

Rev. John Emerson, H. U. 1656, p. 485. — S. 153, 154.

"Emmerson." No item of credit; the only charges being
"9-10-53 by Sizing is., 8-7-54 by sizing 7s. 5d." Re-entered S.
181, 182. See page 571.

Rev. Zechariah or Zachary Symmes, H. U. 1657, p. 489. —

S. iss, 156.

"Simes." Debitor from 10-4-53 to 5-10-56. The credits
contain the names of ^^goodman haill," "old goodman goobell,"
"James Cuttler of Charlstowne," "RandcU necolles," "goodm.
Edmonds," "m' bunker," "John gibson," "will baker," "Robart
Steadman," "Richard robines," "Richard harrington," "John
founell," ^^ goodman switzer," ^^ goodman gold," ^^ goodman lech."

Rev. Zachary or Zechariah Walker. — S. 157, 158.

"Walker." Debitor from 10-4-53 ^^ 9"i-54"5* Born 15
September, 1637, son of Robert Walker, of Boston, weaver, and
one of the seventeen students who left college about 1655 with*
out a degree. He began his ministry at Jamaica, Long Island,
in 1662, on a salary of £60, payable in wheat and Indian corn at
current prices. March 12, 1666 [1666-7?] ^^^ town agreed to
add five pounds, "provided he should continue with them from
year to year, and should likewise procure an orMnation^ answerable
to the law, thereby to capacitate him not only for the preaching
of the word, but for the baptizing of infants." He removed to
Stratford, Connecticut, in 1668, where he was ordained 5 May,
1670, Israel Chauncy, H. U. 1661, then being there. There
were two parties, and the result was the settlement of the town
of Woodbury, to which Walker ministered, though he did not
go there to reside till 27 June, 1678. He died at Woodbury 20
January, 1699-1700, leaving a widow, Susanna, by whom he had
Elizabeth i March, 1675, and other children. He is represented
as having been very able and learned. — B. F. Thompson, His-
tory of Long Island, ii. loi. J. H. Trumbull, Public Records
of Connecticut, ii. ill, 124. W. Cothren, History of Ancient
Woodbury, i, ii.

568 APPENDIX.

Zechariah or Zachary Brigden, H. U. 1657, P- 494* — ^^

159, 160.

"Brigden." Debitor from 10-4-53 ^Y ^^^ "entrance," etc., to
5-10-56.

Rev. John Hale, H. U. 1657, p. 509, — S. 161, 162.

"haill." Debitor from 10-4-53 "by his entrance" is., etc.,
to 6-1-56-7. The Steward writes: "Accounted with his father
the 21-2-57. Rested debitor" JB I 15s. 8jd. "Accounted with
Sir haill 19-8-59 rested debitor" £3 19s. 6^d., etc.

Samuel Symonds? — S. 163, 164.

"Symons." Debitor from 10-4-53 ^^ 9~'^^53» when there
was "payd by the returne of his gallery rome" 15s. and
"payd to goodman Johnes of Charlstown by beaflF" £3 12s. 7Jd.
Could he have been son of Deputy-Governor Samuel Symonds, of
Ipswich? On his last quarter-bill commons are charged but for
part of the quarter, he perhaps being absent on account of sickness,
soon after which, 22 November, 1653, Samuel, son of the Deputy-
Governor, according to Savage, makes his will, being evidently
unmarried, as he names neither wife nor children, but four broth-
ers, three unmarried sisters, and a nephew, Samuel Epes. An
objection to his being this student is, that to make his will he must
have been older than the average of college students.

Elisha Cooke, H. U. 1657, P- S^^* — S. 165, 166.
"Couke." Quarter-bills from 10-4-53 ^^ 5~7~57'

Rev. John Cotton, H. U. 1657, P* 49^" — S. 167, 168.
" Cotton." Debitor from 10-4-53 ^^ 6-4-56.

Rev. John Whiting, H. U. 1657, p. 525. — S. 169, 170.
"whittinge Jewner." Debitor from 10-4-53 to 6-4-56.

Jonathan Ayer, Ayers, Eayers, Eire, Eyers, or Eyre? —

S. 171, 172.

"Eayers." Debitor from 10-4-53 ^^ 7-1-55-6, the last two
quarters containing detriments and half-tuition. Payments for
him were made by "george basto," "hugh Clarke," "Thomas

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 569

Danforth,' *'goodman gleasinge of watter towne," and by *'m'
Corlett for John hodgson." Possibly Jonathan Eire, of Water-
town, born 27 March, 1637, most of the payments being by Wa-
tertown people. In one place the Steward spells the name Ayen.

Rev. Jeremiah Peck. — S. 173, 174.

** Pecke." S. page 1 74, containing debits, is cut out j the credits
extend from 9-53 to 22-2-56. " H. C." appears against his name
in Mather's Hecatompolis. He was born in London, England,
probably in 1623, and with his father, William Peck, arrived in
Boston, 26 June, 1637. November 12, 1656, he married Joanna,
or Hannah, daughter of Robert Kitchell, of Guilford, Connecticut,
where he taught school from 1656 to 1660. June 28, 1660, "at
a meeting of the Committee for the Schoole," as stated in the
Colonial Records of New Haven, *' It was agreed that M^ Pecke,
now at Guilford, should be schoolemaster, & that it should begin
in October next, when his half yeare expires there ; he is to keepe
y« schoole, to teach the schollers Lattine, Greek and Hebrew, &
fitt them for the colledge; & for the salary, he knowes the alow-
ance fro the colony is 40'* a yeare ; and for further treaties they
must leave it to Newhaven, where the schoole is \ and for farther
orders concerning the schoole & well carrying it on, the elders will
consider of some against the court of magistrates in October next,
when things as there is cause may be further considered." He
accepted the appointment, ^^a house and a plot of land being also
allowed him."

May 29, 1 66 1, fifteen conditions and rules were proposed by
Peck, " the want of which . . . especially some of them, doth
hold the master vnder discouragement and vnsettlement ; yet
these things being sutably considered & confirmed, if it please the
honoured court further to improue him who at present is schoole
master, although vnworthy of any such respect, and weake for
such a worke, yet his reall intention is to giue vp himselfe to the
worke of a gramer schoole, as it shall please God to giue oppor-
tunity & assistance." His propositions, with considerable modifi-
cations, were accepted, and he ^^ seemed to be very well satisfied."

September 25, 1661, he made an agreement with the people of
Saybrook to become their minister for five years. February 2,
1663-4, he writes: "Respected and loving iFriends the Inhabitants

570 APPENDIX.

and planters of Seabroke I understand and that from divers tbat
there is much Dissatis&ction with Reference to myselfe in respect
to my proceeding in the Ministry at least to a settlement and that
there are desires in many to provide themselves with a more able
Help : I do freely leave myself to the providence of God and the
Thots of his people: and so far as I am any wayes concerned
herein I doe leave the Towne wholly to their own Liberty to
provide for themselves as God shall direct: and with regard to
laying aside the future Term of years expressed in the Covenant
as also of laying me aside from an Employment of so great a con-
cernment I do desire that these things may be duly considered and
dealt tenderly in that I may not be rendered useless in future ser-
vice for God : altho I am unworthy to be improved so I am yours
in what I may as God shall please to direct and enable." He ter-
minated his engagement 30 January, 1665-6, the town ^^ giving
him full possession of his accommodation," and purchasing it for
his successor. Returning to Guilford, he, with his father-4n-
law, joined Pierson and the Branford and Guilford people who
settled at Newark, New Jersey, in 1666-7, where he probably
preached until the arrival of Pierson, i October, 1667. Remov-
ing soon afterward to Elizabethtown, to preach and teach, he is
to be regarded as the first pastor of the church in that place. In
March, 1675-6, he was invited to preach at Jamaica, Long
Island. In 1678 he accepted a second invitation to settle at
Greenwich, Connecticut, where he continued till 1690, when,
having made himself obnoxious to the people by his- opposition to
the Half- Way Covenant, he accepted a unanimous call to Water-
bury, where he continued pastor till his death, 7 June, 1699, having
been assisted in the last years of his life, on account of feeble
health, by John Jones, H. U. 1690, and John Read, H. U. 1697.
— Connecticut Colony Records, iii. 245 ; iv. 96. E. F. Hatfield,
History of Elizabeth, 201. D. M. Mead, History of Greenwich,
68, 72, 295, 300. New Haven Colony Records, ii. 377, 407.

GoocH? — S. 17s, 176.

"Gouge." His quarter-bills extend from 9-7-53 "by his En-
trance" to 8-4-55, ^"^ on ^11 bu^ 'h^ ^^^^ h^ is charged with
discontinuances. His credits, S. 175, being cut out, no clew
to his identity can be obtained from names of persons making
payments for him.

STUDENTS FROM 1649^50 TO 1 659. 57 1

Constable? — S. 177, 178.

*^ Constipelle." Page 178, containing the charges, is cut out.
He probably was at the College but a short time, as the dates of
his payments are only from 10-3-54 to 25-6-55; one of which
is "by m' Thomas lake" and another "by Ed gooflFfor Sam Ship-
heard."

S. 179, 180 cut out.

Rev. John Emerson, H. U. 1656, p. 485. — S. 181, 182.

"Emmerson." Continued from S. 153, 154. Debitor from
9-10-53 "by sizinges is., by discontinuance 5s./* with "Com-
mencment Chardges" 5-7-56 and 5-4-59, all but two of his
quarter-bills containing "discontinuance" or " detrements," and
none of them rent, bed-making, or wood, with commons only 8-4-
56, 8-7-56, 5-10-56, and 5-4-59, and sometimes for only a frac-
tion of a quarter. S. 181, probably containing credits, is cut out.
See page 567.

Jonathan Gatliffe? — S. 183, 184.

"Gatlife," or "Gattlife." Debitor from 9-4-54 to 8-10-54,
one payment being made " by m' Jones of dorchester In siluer."
Perhaps Jonathan GatliiFe, only son of Thomas GatliiFe, a miller,
of Braintree and Dorchester.

Rev. Joseph Eliot, H. U. 1658, p. 530. — S. 185, 186.

"Eliatt Jeu." "The 28-11-59 payd by returne of his study
and gallery." S. 186, containing charges, is cut out.

Roger Haynes. — S. 187, 188.

"haines." S. 187, containing credits, is cut out. Debitor
from 9-4-54 to 8-4-55, with " detrementes " afterward. He
sailed for England, and died early, perhaps on the voyage. See
page 562.

Moody? — S. 189, 190, both pages mutilated.

" Mutie." Charges from 9-4-54, the last probably being 6-4-
56. Payments made *'by Amos richeson by goodman wise," "by
tobacke from goodman squier," " by Canwesse," " by bockerham,"
" by beaiFe," " by 5 yeard on half quarter of broad Cloth att 19s.
6^ p yeard" £5, **payd by Tho gold in mutten and lambes," "by

57^ APPENDIX.

m" glouer by Andrew steuenson for the deackens," '^by Amos
Richardson by m' Rawson," "by m' pettcr oliuer to m' Angcir," etc.

Rev. Joseph Haynes, H. U. 1658, p. 533. — S. 191, 192, and
13s, 136. See page 562.
"Joseph haines." " Commencment Charges" 3-7-58.

John Denison? — S. 193, 194.

"Denison." Debitor from 7-7-54 to 5-1-58, with "detrc-
ments" on all his quarter-bills but two, the only payment being
4-9-57 *'by Richard parke on side of beaflF wight 160 pound at
3^." Perhaps John Denison, father of John Denison, H. U.
1684, and son of Daniel Denison, of Cambridge, and afterward of
Ipswich.

Eliezer Bulkley? — S. 195, 196.

" Bulck Jeu " or "bulckley." Debitor from 9-4-54 to 6-4-56.
Payments made with "appelles," "wheatte," "Indian Cornc," "a
Caske of butter," " 4 Cheesses," etc. Perhaps Eliezer Bulkley, of
Wethersfield, Connecticut, born probably in 1638, son of the
Reverend Peter Bulkley, of Concord, Massachusetts, who, still
living in 1659, when, says Savage, "the will of his father provides
well for him, died probably in no long time after, as he is never
mentioned as freeman or otherwise." See also New England
Historical and Genealogical Register, x. 167.

Rev, Benjamin Bunker, H. U. 1658, p. 535. — S. 197, 198.

"Buncker." The credits on S. 197, containing the names
of "goodman Jones of Charlstown," "nath tredawa," "John
Kendell," "Thomas welsh," "winship and russell," etc., extend
from 1-6-54 to 16-1-57-8, and possibly later; the bottom of the
leaf, besides all of S. 198, containing the charges, being cut out.

S. 199, 200 cut out.

John Barsham, H. U. 1658, p. 538, — S. 201, 202.

"Barsham." Debitor from 9-4-54 to 10-6-58. S. 201, con-
taining credits, is cut out.

Rev. Samuel Shepard, H. U. 1658, p. 542. — S. 203, 204.
" Shipheard." Debitor from 9-6-54 to 5-7-58.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 573

Samuel Talcott, H. U. 1658, p. 539. — S. 205, 206.

"Tallcott" or "Talcott." Debitor from 9-4-54 to 5-7-58.

S. 207-256 dropped in numbering the pages.

Samuel Eaton, H. U. 1649, p. 171. — S, 257, 258.

"Mr Eaton." Creditor "by rcturne of his gallery rome" 15s.,
there being no other credit and no date. Probably a continuation
of S. 9, 10. See page 548. S. 258, probably containing debits, is
cut out.

S. 259, 260 cut out.

David Bennet? — S. 261, 262.

"M' Bennete fellow Commoner entred 17-5-55." Debitor
from 7-7-55 to 7-1 -55-6. S. 261, probably containing credits,
is cut out. Though called " Mr." from respect to his social posi-
tion, he appears to have attended exercises and paid tuition as an
undergraduate, remaining but a short time, there being "detre-
mentes " on the last two of his three quarter-bills. Was he Doctor
David Bennett, of Rowley, whose second wife, Rebecca, daughter
of Roger Spencer, was sister of Mary, wife of Sir William Phips ?

Nathaniel Saltonstall, H. U. 1659. — S. 263, 264.

"M' Saltingestall " or " Saltingstall fellow Commoner." "En-
tred 17-6-55." Debitor from 7-7-55 to 5-7-59, with 2-10-59
" by dctrements."

Samuel Alcock, H. U. 1659. — S. 265, 266.

"Alcoocke" or " Alcoock ... Entred 7-5-55." Debitor from
7-7-55 to 2-10-59.

Abijah Savage, H. U. 1659. — S. 267, 268.

" Sauag ... Entred the 17-5-55." Quarter-bills from 7-7-55
to 4-4-59-

Rev. Samuel Willard, H. U. 1659. — S. 269, 270.

" Willard . . . Entred 17-5-55." Quarter-bills from 7-7-55 to
4-7-59-

574 APPBNDIX.

Thomas. — S. 271, 272,

"Thomas . . . Entred 7-6-55." Debitor from 7-7-55 to 7-1-
55-6. Remained about two quarters, being charged for *'dctrc-
ments" 7-1-55-6. Was he a relative of Evan Thomas, of Bos-
ton, vintner? Payments were made with raisins, currants, sack,
wine, etc.

Thomas Parish, H. U. 1659. — S. 273, 274.

"Parish . . . Entred 17-5-55." Debitor from 7-7-55 to 7-1-
55-6.

John Hagborne. — S. 275, 276.

'*John Hackbone," Hackborne, or Hagborne, born 26 May,
1640, was son of Samuel Hagborne, of Roxbury, by Catharine,
whose family name is said to have been Dighton. The credits
extend from 1-11-55 to 7-8-58. S. 275, containing debits, is cut
out

S. 277, 278 cut out.

EzEKiEL Rogers, H. U. 1659. — S. 279, 280.

"Ezekiell Rogers," Debitor from 7-7-55 to 4-7-59, with
"detrements" 2-10-59. S. 279, containing credits, is cut out.

Rev. Samuel Belcher, H. U. 1659. — S. 281, 282.
"Samuell belshcr." Debitor from 7-7-55 to 2-10-59.

Samuel Seabury ? — S. 283, 284.

"Samuell Sebree " or "Seebree." Debitor from 7-10-55 to
5-10-56. Probably Samuel Seabury, born 10 December, 1640,
son of John and Grace Seabury, of Boston. He settled in Dux-
bury, as a physician, before 1660. November 9, 1660, he married,
at Weymouth, Patience Kemp, of Duxbury, who died 29 Octo-
ber, 1676, and, 4 April, 1677, Martha, born 24 February, 1650,
daughter of William Pabodie, whose wife was Elizabeth, daughter
of the John Alden who married Priscilla Mullins. He died 5 Au-
gust, 1 68 1. — J. Winsor, History of Duxbury, 65, 286, 305.

John Alline? — S. 285, 286, 298.

"John Alline." "Entred 23-6-56." Possibly son of John and

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. ^ 575

Sarah Alline, of Charlestown, born 16 October, 1640. He ap-
pears to have remained at college but three quarters, his bills ex-
tending only from 5-7-56 to 6-1-56-7. Among his credits are
*'payd by 4 bush of wheatt Jo funell" i6s., "3 bush of wheatt
make" 13s. 6d., "siluer," "suger," "a quarter of beast wight
g^ii at 3*" £1 OS. 6d., "Canwosse," "veall," "3 pound of
Candell," etc. In the summer of 1657 there is a record of a pay-
ment "by Captaine alline in Commodytes 31* 11^."

Rev. Nathaniel Collins, H. U. 1660. — S. 287, 288.

" Collens " or " Collines." " Entred 23-6-56." Debitor from
5-7-56 "entrance is." to 4-7-58-9.

Rev. Simon Bradstreet, H. U. 1660. — S. 289, 290.

"Simon brodstreete" or "Broadstreat Jeunior." '* Entred 25-
6-56." Debitor from 5-7-56 to 6-1-57-8.

Samuel Eliot, H. U. 1660. — S. 291, 292.

"Samuell Eliott" or "Eliote terses." "Entred 23-6-56."
Debitor till 2-10-59.

Jonathan Curwin or Cor win. — S. 293,294.

"Jonathan Corwine." " Entred 23-6-56." Debitor from 5-7-
56 to 5-1-57-8, with "detrements" till 4-10-59. Born 14 No-
vember, 1640, son of George Corwin, or Curwin, of Salem, he
married, 20 March, 1676, Elizabeth, born i October, 1644, daugh-
ter of Jacob and Margaret SheafFe, of Boston, and widow of Rob-
ert, son of Sir Henry Gibbs ; was Deputy to the General Court
in 1684 and 1689; member of the Provincial Council from 1689
to 1714, and named as Councillor in the charter of William and
Mary in 1691 j as successor of Saltonstall, sat on the bench in most
of the trials for witchcraft; from 1692 to 1708 Justice of the Infe-
rior Court for Essex County ; Judge of the Superior Court, as suc-
cessor of President Leverett, from 1708 to his resignation in 17 15;
holding also the office of Judge of Probate from 1698 to 1702;
and died 9 July, 1718. George Curwin, H. U. 1701, was his son.
— Journal and Letters of Samuel Curwen. J. Savage, Genea-
logical Dictionary. E. Washburn, Judicial History. W. H.
Whitmore, Massachusetts Civil List, 45-50, 75.

576 APPENDIX.

S. 29s - 304.

"The Steward." Creditor and debitor from 7-1-55-6 to 2-
10-59.

Manasseh Armitage, H. U. 1660. — S. 305, 306.

"Armitage" or "Armatages." Debitor from 5-7-56 to 2—
10-59.

Joseph Cooke, H. U. 1660. — S. 307, 308.

"Joseph Couke." "Entred 23-6-56 ... is Debitor Jcunior"
from 5-7-56 to 2-10-59.

Wyeth. — S. 309, 310.

"wythe." "Entred 23-6-56." Debitor from 5-7-56 "en-
trance IS." etc., to 5-10-57, with "detrements" on his last three
quarter-bills. The only credit is "payd 5-10-56 by waytingc in
the hall" 12s. 6d.

Samuel Carter, H. U. 1659. — S. 311, 312.

"Samuell Carter. Entred 23-6-56." Debitor from 5-7-56 to
2-10-59.

John Wenbourne. — S. 313, 314.

"John wenborne." "Entred 23-6-56." Debitor from 5-7-56
to 2-10-59, with "detremcnts" on seven quarter-bills, including
the last two. Perhaps the John Wenbourne who preached at Man-
chester before 1686, and left there in 1689; probably born 21 Sep-
tember, 1638, son of William and Elizabeth Wenbourne, of
Boston, and married Elizabeth Hart, of Maiden, 11 April, 1667. —
J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 482, 590.

Peter Bulkley, H. U. 1660. — S. 315, 316.

" Petter bulckley." " Entred 23-6-56." Debitor from 5-7-56
to 2-10-59.

Rev. James Noyes, H. U. 1659. \ c 117 718

Rev. Moses Noyes, H. U. 1659. J ^ ^' ^

"The noyces." "Entred 9-4-56." Debitors from 5-7-56 to
2-10-59.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1659. 577

Richard Whittingham. 1 «

William Whittingham, H. U. 1660. / ' o \h 0 •

"The whittinghames." "Entred 23-6-56." Debitors from
5-7-56 to 2-10-59, with "dctrements" after 5-1-58-9.

John Cheney. — S. 321, 322.

"John cheeney." Without any items.

Thomas Graves, H. U. 1656, p. 480. — S. 323.

"Sirgraues." Creditor from 30-4-56 to 5-4-57. Continued
from p. 562 and S. 139, 140. S. 324, containing debits, is cut out.

John Crowne. — S. 323.

"Crowne is creditor," the only item being 2-7-57 '*payd to
Thomas chesholme," college steward, £ 2 2s., the opposite page,
containing debits, being cut out. In the Steward's account with
the College I find payments made "by Collonell Crowne" in the
quarters ending 5-10-57 and 5-4-59. ^^^ Harvard student, son
of William Crowne, went to England, where he gave under oath,
as recorded in George Chalmers's Political Annals, page 263, an
account of the reception of the regicides Whalley and GofFe in
Boston and Cambridge, and of their visit to the Reverend John
Norton, at which he was present. He became a favorite at the
Court of Charles the Second, and a writer of plays and poetry.
After experiencing many vicissitudes, he died in England in 1703.
Interesting accounts of the father and son may be found in the
New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vi. 46, and
J. G. Palfrey's History of New England, ii. 268, 498; iii. 431.

S. 324-327 cut out.

John Mears? — S. 328.

"Meares." Debitor from 4-7-59 to 2-10-59, with "decre-
ments " on both bills. There was perhaps an earlier entry on one
of the leaves cut out, as in the Steward's accounts with the College
he credits "mearres" with 15s. 8d. in the quarter ending 5-10-57.
Possibly John Meares, of Boston, who died 12 November, 1663,
leaving a father, mother Elizabeth, brothers Samuel and James,
and widow Mary, a posthumous son being born 28 December, and

37 [Primed i»73. May &]

578 APPENDIX.

his uncle, James Johnson, being executor of his will. — Ncvir Eng-
land Historical and Genealogical Register, xii. 153.

Rev. Simon Bradstreet, H. U. 1660. — S. 329, 330.

**Symond brodstreatt." Creditor from 5-4-57 to 17—9— 59,
S. 330, containing debits, is cut out.

Daniel Weld, H. U. 1661. — S. 331, 332.

"Weld." Debitor from 7-7-57 to 2-10-59. S. 331, contain-
ing credits, is cut out.

Rev. Solomon Stoddard, H. U. 1662. — S. 331, 332.

"Salomon stoder." Debitor from 5-7-58 to 2-10-59. S. 331,
containing credits, is cut out.

Joseph Cooke, H. U. 1661. — S. 333, 334.

** Joseph cooke of boston." Debitor from 5-7-57 to 2—10—59.

Rev. Joseph Whiting, H. U. 1661. — S. 335, 336.
"Joseph whittinge." Debitor from 5-7-57 to 2-10-59.

Caleb Watson, H. U. 1661. — S. 337, 338.
"watson." Debitor from 5-7-57 to 2-10-59.

John Parker, H. U. 1661. — S. 339, 340.

"John parker." Debitor from 5-7-57 to 2-10-59.

Thomas Johnson, H. U. 1661. — S. 341, 342.
"Thomas Johnson." Without any items.

Bezaleel Sherman, H. U. 1661. — S. 343, 344.

^^Bezaliell Sherman." Debitor from 5-7-57 to 2-10-59.

John Wyborne or Weyborne. — S. 345, 346.

"John wyborn" or "wyborne." Debitor from 5-7-57 to 2-
10-59. S^" ^^ Thomas Wey bourne, who came to New England
in 1638 from Tenterden in the County of Kent, England, and
removed from Scituate to Boston before 1653, where he died
2 October, 1656, giving "vnto son Jno Weyborne, forty pounds,
to bee paid at y* age of twenty and one years." **ApriIl 6"
[1660?] President Chauncy writes in the Steward's book:

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 579

'^Memoranda that I paid for John wiborne to brothar Cheese-
holme [College Steward] the sume of fiue pound & ten shillings
I say receiued & payd for him by me Charles Chauncy. Item.
Thomas wiborne hath satisfyed of his debt for his brother to the
Colledge, and to the new Stuart Ensigne Sherman the suifie of
foure pounds ten shillings by me Charles Chauncy." The Har-
vard student returned to Scituate. — S. Deane, History of Scituate,
383. New England Historical and Genealogical Register, ii.
183; vi. 289. J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 662.

Eleazer Kimberley ? — S. 347, 348.

"Kemberley." Debitor from 5-4-58 to 2-10-59. Eleazer
Kimberley, of Glastenbury, Connecticut, said to have been the first
male child born in New Haven, schoolmaster at Wethersfield in
1 66 1 and at intervals till 1689, freeman in 1667, Deputy to the
General Court, and successor of Colonel John Allyn as Secretary
of the Colony in 1696, holding the office till his death in February,
1709, was son of Thomas Kimberley, who removed from Dorches-
ter to New Haven in 1639. He is credited, "by way tinge in the
hall by 5 quarters" X3 2S. 6d., and "by on quarter And two
weekes seruic in the buttery" £3 los.

Waitstill Winthrop ? — S. 349, 350.

"M' winthrope." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59. Can
this be Waitstill Winthrop, born 27 February, 1642? Among
the credits are 22-8-58 "payd by goodman gold 5 bush of rye"
£1, "six bush of barly malte" £1 4s., 25-1-59 "payd by John
fessenden in peasse" 9s., ^^payd by summeringe and winteringe
of 8 sheepe" X3 us.

Samuel Stone? — S. 351, 352.

"Samuell Stone." Creditor from 3-4-59 to 24-9-59. S. 352,
containing debits, is cut out. Perhaps son of the Reverend Sam-
uel Stone, of Hartford, Connecticut. If so, "he preached some
yeares . . . with a generall acceptation" at Wethersfield, Middle-
town, and other places, became ^^an habituall drunkard . . . yet still
professing and defending himselfe to be as faultles therein as the
child unborne." He was excommunicated from the church, and
"wasted his whole estate," consisting of a house, land, "and a
good Library, left him by his worthy fFather. . . . Upon the 8*.** of

580 APPENDIX.

8^% 1683," he went to difFerent taverns, and "the night being very
dark, was found the next morning dead in the little Riuer that
runs through the town of Hartford; having missed the bridge.
He fell down upon the Rocks, and thence rowled, or some way
gott into the water at a little distance, and there lay dead at breake
of day." — Mass. Historical Society, Collections, xxxviii. 470, 471.

J. H. Trumbull writes, 12 February, 1873: "Your ^perhaps
son' &c. is hardly strong enough. The paternity is nearly certain.
I can explain his appearance and disappearance in 1659. His fa-
ther was in trouble with his Church in Hartford, — about which
you may read ad nauseam in Coll. Conn. Hist. Society, Vol. ii.
He resigned his charge in 1657, ^"^ went to Boston. The breach
was plastered by a council, — but not repaired till 1659, — Mr.
Stone passing much of the time Mn the Bay.' He was probably in
Boston nearly all the summer of 1659. The difficulties in the
Church at Hartford were finally adjusted by ^ the Sentence of the
Council held at Boston, Sept. 26, 1659' (Coll. C. H. S., ii. 1 12), —
and Mr. Stone resumed his teachership in Hartford, and probably
took his son Sam back with him.

" His death is noticed in Noad. Russell's Diary, Geneal. Regis-
ter, vii. 59, and by Goodwin, Geneal. NoteSy &c., p. 213, where the
record of inquest is given, but the year is wrong — 1693 for 1683,
— by printer's error, or pen-slip."

S. 352-354 cut out.

Benjamin Tompson, H. U. 1662. — S. 355, 356.

" Bingmain tomson." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59.

Ephraim Flint. — S. 357, 358.

"Ephraim Flinte." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59. Son of
Thomas Flint, of Concord, born 14 January, 1642, married 20
March, 1684, Jane, daughter of the Reverend Edward Bulkley,
of Concord, and died 3 August, 1722.

John Fleming. — S. 359, 360.

"John flemine." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59. Probably
born 25 March, 1642, son of John and Ann Fleming, of Water-
town.

STUDENTS FROM 1649-5O TO 1 659. 58 1

John Oliver. — S. 361, 362.

"John oliuer." Creditor from 1-8-59 ^° 26-9-59. S. 362,
containing debits, cut out. Payments by ''Captainc Johnson,"
**Captainc oliuer," "m' Angeir," and by '' fouershotes . . . from the
fiirmc" £3 3s. 3|d.

JosiAH Harvey. — S. 363, 364.

"Josiah haruey." S. 363, containing credits, if any, is cut out.
S. 364 contains date 3-7-58 without any charges. Perhaps Josiah
Harvey, of Fairfield, son of Edmund and Martha Harvey, of Mil-
ford, who was baptized 27 December, 1640, married Mary, daugh-
ter of Thomas Staples, and died in 1698.

John Holmes ? — S. 365, 366.

*'John holmes." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 3-7-59, with detri-
ments on the last four of his five quarter-bills. Perhaps son of
Robert and Jane Holmes, of Cambridge, born June, 1639, married,
13 September, 1664, Hannah, born 9 October, 1645, daughter of
Samuel and Hannah Thatcher, of Watertown, and was at Salem
in 1673.

Isaac Addington. — S. 367, 368.

"Isack Adington." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59, with
detriments on all his quarter-bills except the first. Only son of
Isaac Addington, of Boston, by his wife Ann, daughter of Elder
Thomas Leverett, born 22 and baptized 26 January, 1645. In
1669 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Griffith and Margaret
Bowen, of Roxbury, and afterward of London, England. He was
educated to be a surgeon, chosen Representative in 1685, and
thereupon Speaker of the House, and in 1686 an Assistant. He
was Secretary of the Colony both before and after the arrival of
the charter in 1692; and in 1693 was made Judge of Probate and
Councillor, holding the three offices till he died, 19 March, 1714-
15, or till a few months previous to his death. He was also a
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 3 March, 1693, until
1702, when he was appointed Chief Justice of the Superior Court,
but resigned 23 July, 1703. His wife died 2 May, 1713, and 19
November he married Elizabeth, daughter of William Norton, and
widow of John Wainwright, she dying 22 November, 1742, aged

582 APPENDIX.

eighty-seven. — J. Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, i. 170. E.
Washburn, Judicial History, 242, 270, 319. W. H. Whitmore^
Massachusetts Civil List, 26, 27, 31, 44, 46-50, 77, 88.

Rev. Moses Fiske, H. U. 1662. — S. 369, 370.

*'m' Fiske." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59, with detriments
on the last four of his five quarter-bills.

Nathaniel Williams. — S. 371, 372.

" Nathaniell willyames." Without date, debit, or credit.

Thomas Oakes, H.U. 1662. — S. 373, 374.

"Thomas okes." Debitor from 3-7-58 to 2-10-59, with det-
riments on the last five of his six quarter-bills.

Peter Bulkley, H. U. 1660. — S. 375, 376.

"Littell petter bulckley.'* Debitor "at 2-10-59 Pr ballance
of accounts" X4 lis. 7d. Continued from S. 315, 316.

S. 377 blank; 378, 379 cut out.

Samuel Cobbet, H. U. 1663. — S. 380.
"by cobbett 7s." Debitor 2-10-59.

Rev. John Raynkr, H. U. 1663. — S. 381, 382.
" M' Rayner " or " Rayner." Debitor from 3-4-59 to 2-10-59.

Rev. Benjamin Blakeman, H. U. 1663. — S. 383.
^^Blackman is creditor." 1 7-9-59-

S. 384-387 cut out.

Rev. Thomas Mighill, H. U. 1663. — S. 388.
" Mighell." Debitor 2-10-59.

Nathaniel Cutler, H. U. 1663. — S. 389, 390.
"Cuttler." Debitor from 3-7-59 to 2-10-59.

The remaining leaves are mutilated.

The book from which the foregoing extracts were made was
kept by Thomas Chesholme; several of the later students' accounts
being continued in another book by Chesholme's successor.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS, 583

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

GEORGE DOWNING, H. U. 1642, pp. 28-51.

The date of Downing's birth was fixed at 1625 ^^ consequence
of a statement in John Winthrop's History of New England, ii.
240, that he was about "twenty years of age" in the winter of
1645-6, when he embarked for England, and his age at different
epochs of his life has been given accordingly. In the Collections
of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xxxvi. 136, it is stated
that he "was born, probably in Dublin, about 1624-5," ^"^ >^ ^^^
Life and Letters of John Winthrop, i. 186, in "August, 1623,"
the adoption of either of which statements requires his age, when-
ever mentioned, to be made to correspond. F. Muller, noticing
Downing and his works in his Catalogue of Books, etc., on Amer-
ica, Part I., 1872, pp. 57, 117, says he was born "in 1624 or 25
near Dublin, probably on Mont Wealy."

Page 29, line 7, for "his aunt " read "the mother of the wife of
John Winthrop, Junior," as mentioned in Winthrop's History, i. vi.

Page 37, line 20, for "xxxix." read "xli.," the number of the
volume being changed after the sheets were consulted.

Page 48, line 27, for " 1676 " read " 1675."

Page 51, line 10, for "xxxix." read "xli."; and, line 21, for
"T."read"S."

REV. WILLIAM HUBBARD, H. U. 1642, pp. 53-62.

Page 59, after line 19, add, "Eliot also wrote to William Bent-
ley: 'I believe that the Clergy of the neighbourhood, & all the
wise men of the Province did think and speak highly of him. But
a generation in the town of Ipswich rose up, who only were wit-
nesses of his infirmities. I believe in every instance where a young
minister grows old, and people are put to expense to maintain him,
they will treat him with neglect.'" — New England Historical and
Genealogical Register, xxvi. 20.

SAMUEL BELLINGHAM, H. U. 1642, pp. 63, 64.
He was at Rowley as late as 28 October, 1650, before which he
had a wife, Lucy. — New Eng. Hist, and Gen. Register, xix. 107.

584 APPENDIX.

JOHN JONES, H. U. 1643, pp. 77, 78.
Franklin Bowditch Dexter writes, 12 December, 1871: "The
last paragraph, so far as it builds upon the date of will of his
widow, is very doubtful. You copied, I suppose, from Savage, ii.
563. The facts are, that a ^Johannah Joens, widdow,* died in
New Haven, 5 November, 1675, leaving her property (JG408), by
will dated 27 December, 1673, to various persons, chiefly to John
and Mercy Austin and their sons John and David. This widow
Joanna was, very probably, the widow of a John Jones of New
Haven, who died here in 1657, and is mentioned by Savage, ii.
562, and in New Haven Colonial Records, ii. 257; but you will
readily see that, whoever else she was, she could not have been
the Maryj widow of your graduate, who came to New England.
Neither could the John Jones who died here in 1657 have been
your graduate, who was named in his father's will of 1665. I am
entirely at a loss to identify the ^Mrs. Osborn' (mentioned in
your extract from the Connecticut Colonial Records, as claiming
part of John Jones's estate). There is no person in the New
Haven Records whom I can point out for this purpose : there is
no death of a ^ Widow Osborn' on record, within twenty years of
that entry which Savage has erroneously quoted, and which, as I
have above shown, belongs to a Widow Joanna Jones."

REV. SAMUEL DANFORTH, H. U. 1643, pp. 88-92.
The following are the titles of the works mentioned on page
91: —

1. MDCXLVII. I An | Almanack | for the year of our | Lord |

1647 I I Calculated for the Longitude of 315 | degr. and Ele-
vation of the Pole Ar- | ctick 42 degr. & 30 min. & may ge- | nerally

serve for the most part of | New- England. | | By Samuel Dan-

forth of Harvard Colledge | Philomathemat. | | Cambridge |

Printed by Matthew Day. | Are to be solde by Hez. Usher at
Boston. I 1647. II i6mo. pp. 16. B.

2. MDCXLVHL I An | Almanack | for the Year of our |Lord |

1648 I I Calculated for the Longitude of 315 | degr. and Ele-
vation of the Pole Ar- j ctick 42 degr. & 30 min. & may ge- | nerally

serve for the most part of | New-England. | | By Samuel Dan-

forth of Harvard Colledge j Philomathemat. | j Printed at

Cambridge. | 1648. || i6mo. pp. 16. B.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 585

serve for the most part of | New-England. | | By Samuel Dan-

forth of Harvard CoUedge | Philomathemat: | | Printed at

Cambridge. | 1649. || i6mo. pp. 16. B.

JOHN OLIVER, H. U. 1645, pp. 102-106.
Increase Mather, in the Dedication of Eleazar Mather's Ser-
mons, writes, that John Cotton, "in his Sermon on Psa. 116. 15.
preached upon occasion of" Oliver's death, ^^tuas much moved
when but one Ministery being young in years^ was taken away by dedth^
Because [said he) it portends evil to the Rising Generation."

REV. SAMUEL STOW, H. U. 1645, pp. 118-121.

Samuel Stow, whose mother's maiden name was Biggs, is said
to have come with his parents from Kent, England. He, with his
brothers John and Thomas, was among the fifty-two householders
and proprietors of Middletown, 22 March, 1670, when the amount
of property assessed was £4,322 los., his tax, £194, being the
largest except two.

The Church Records of Middletown say, "1678 8* 13*** Mr.
Samuel Stow admitted to membership with his yokefellow Mrs.
Hope Stow with their children such as were of age." — E.Brainerd,
Letter, 1872, December 22. J. C. Wetmore, Wetmore Family,
12, 18, 20, 21, 29, 32-34.

REV. JOHN BROCK, H.U. 1646, pp. 127-131.
See Brookes, page 549, with whom he has been confounded.

GEORGE STIRK, H.U. 1646, pp. 136, 137.
Page 137, line 16, for "xxxix." read "xli."

GEORGE HADDEN, H. U. 1647, p. 164.
William Cutter wrote to President Dunster, 19 May, 1654,
from Newcastle : '* I am sorry to heare lately y* M' hadden is to
mary one off the daughters off a very great mallignant : and y^ he
keeps so much socyety with them : he comes seldom hither." —
Massachusetts Historical Society, Collections, xxxii. 196.

586 APPENDIX.

SAMUEL EATON, H. U. 1649, pp. 171, 172.

In the account of the appropriation of the *'Cuntry Stock,"
entered in the end of the Steward's Account-Book, I find 1 7—7-50
allowed "to m' Eatton for his fellowship deuidente" £21 13—10-
50 "Alowed Sir Eatton for his fellowshipe" JE3; 13— 1-5 1 to
"Sir Eaton" £4; 11 -4-51 " Alo wed to Sir Eaton Senior fellow"
£5; 12-7-51 to "Sir Eatton" £5; and 12-10-51 to "Sir Eat-
on" £3. After taking his second degree, 10-7-52 "Alowed m'
Eaton for on quarter and half" £6, and 10-1-52-3 to "m"" Eat-
ton" £5.

J. L. Kingsley, in his Historical Discourse, page 76, says : " In
April, 1654, the people of New Haven were thrown into great
agitation on hearing ^that Mr. Samuel Eaton, son of our governor,
is now sent for into the Bay, which if attended to, they feared
they may be deprived, not only for the present, but for the future,
of the helpfulness which they have hoped for from him ; and con-
sidering the small number of first able helps here for the work of
magistracy for the present, who also by age are wearing away,' they
offered him the place of magistrate; and to this station he was
elected in May of the same year."

WILLIAM STOUGHTON, H. U. 1650, pp. 194-208.
Page 197, line 23, for "this" read "the."

JOHN GLOVER, H. U. 1650, pp. 208-211, 551, 552.
The obscurity and mutilation of the accounts in the Steward's
book leave it doubtful whether the items put to the credit of John
Glover, H. U. 1651, on page 296, should not be credited to John
Glover, H. U. 1650, page 208.

REV. JOSHUA HOBART, H. U. 1650, pp. 211-213.
Page 222, omit line 11.

REV. JEREMIAH HOBART, H. U. 1650, pp. 214-219.

Page 216, after line 18, insert the following paragraph: —

"In accordance with the law, the constables, 15 March, 1687,

distrained ^from Henry Willis, on a demand of 345. for building the

priest's dwelling house, a cow worth £4 10.' December 30th,

^on a demand of £2 ijs, for priest's wages, eight sheep sold for

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 587

^4 14/ January 15th, 1687-8 (?), 'Edmund Titus on a demand
of <£ I 15 for building the priest's house, a cow, £4 10/ also 'on
a demand of £ 1 8 for priest's wages, four young cattle.'

"November 29, 1687, Henry Willis and Edmond Titus petition
the Governor for relief, saying: 'They have already suffered in
the spoil of their goods for the setting up and upholding a worship
in the town of Hempstead, which in their conscience they believe
to be not the true worship of God ; and are again threatened to
have part of their effects taken from them towards the maintain-
ance of Jeremiah Hobart whom in conscience they cannot main-
tain, knowing him to be no minister of Christ ; and so are no way
concerned with any agreement made with him. The taking of
our goods is contrary to the laws which give liberty of conscience
to all persuasions.'" — B. J. Lossing, American Historical Record,
i. 290.

Page 219, line 6, for "Dorothy" read "Elizabeth."

REV. LEONARD HOAR, H. U. 1650, pp. 228-252.
From extensive researches in England, the results of which have
been freely placed at my disposal by George Frisbie Hoar, H. U.
1846, with explanatory letters, 1871, October 7, and 1872, Octo-
ber 28, it appears that Leonard Hoar was grandson of Charles
Hoar, of Gloucester, England, who probably died in 1636, and
son of sheriff "Charles Hoare of the Cittie of Gloucester," on
whose will, found at Doctor's Commons, dated 25 September,
1638, administration was granted to his widow, Joane, 21 Decem-
ber, 1638. The children were Thomas, baptized 15 June, 161 2,
in the Church of St. Mary de Crypt, Gloucester; John, who set-
tled at Concord, Massachusetts, ancestor of the Concord family
of that name, including Samuel Hoar, H. U. 1802, and his sons,
Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, H. U. 1835, late Attorney-General of
the United States, and George Frisbie Hoar, H. U. 1846, of
Worcester, Representative in Congress ; Daniel, who was at Bos-
ton in 1650, and died in London; Margery, who first married in
England a Mathewe, by whom she had a son Charles, and after-
ward became wife of the Reverend Henry Flint, of Braintree;
Joane, baptized January, 1622-3, ^^^ married Edmund Quincy,
of Braintree ; and Leonard, the President. The wife, Joane, whose
maiden name was Hincksman; all the children above named; a

588 APPENDIX.

grandchild, Charles Mathewe ; a brother, Thomas Hoare ; a sister,
Elinor Bailies; brothers-in-law, William, Walter, Edward, and
Thomas Hincksman; and a sister, probably sister-in-law, fFounes,
— are mentioned in the will. He had a ^^ large estate, both in
lands and money, as he bequeathes very considerable sums and
disposes of lands at several places as a provision for the wife and
younger children, Thomas, the eldest being probably provided for
in his father's lifetime. The will directs that his 'sonne Leonard
shalbe carefuUie kept at Schoole and when hee is fitt for itt to be
carefullie placed at Oxford, and if y^ Lord shall see fitt, to make
him a Minister vnto his people and that all y^ charge thereof shalbe
discharged out of the proffitt which it shall please god to send out
of the stocke.' "

In the original record of the Herald's Visitation of Gloucester-
shire in 1623 (Harleian MSS. No. 643, fo. 154^), are the arms of
Hore of Gloucestershire, Sa. an eagle double-headed displayed
within a bordure engrailed, which may be seen in the old burying-
ground at Concord, carved on the gravestone of John Hoar, born
1680, died 1773, grandson of John Hoar, brother of President
Hoar.

The following letter from ^^Mr. Leonard Hoar to Mr. Robert
Boyle," written at ^^ Cambridge^ New- England^ December the 13th,
1672," a few weeks after Hoar's inauguration as President, and
contained in Boyle's Works, v. 642, ed. 1744, shows the zeal
with which he entered into the interests of the Colony, of the
College, and of science, and the comprehensiveness of his views
of what should be included in a collegiate education. His solicita-
tion of books for the Library, and project of connecting a garden
and workshop with the College, are particularly noticeable, the
latter as coming so early, and from an American college.

^^ Right honourable,
"'VT^OUR freedom and courteous treating me, when hither
X coming, giveth me the hardiness to present you with my
acknowledgments, although it be but your interpellation ; judging
it better, that I were censured for troublesomness, than for ingrati-
tude. Yea the chiefest of this colony, a poor, but yet pious and
industrious people, know and acknowledge your kindness often
and on considerable occasions expressed towards them, in their

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 589

just defences, l^c. although they know not where or how to pub-
lish their tabula votiva, or memorials of it unto your acceptation,
but still do gratefully recommend you and your well-devoted la-
bours in their prayers to God ; and any publick afFair them con-
cerning, that shall unexpectedly emerge unto your prudence, love
and candor, hoping, that nothing shall ever be believed or con-
cluded against them before that they be heard.

^^ Noble Sir, I am not unmindful of your desires to see what
rarities the country might yield ; and have taken course, that now
be presented to you, first, a sort of berries, that grow closely con-
glomerated unto the stalk of a shrub, in its leaf, smell and taste,
like the broadest leaved myrtle, or to a dwarf-bay ; which, by plain
distillation, yields an almost unctuous matter; and by decoction,
not a resina, nor oil, but a kind of serum, such as I have not
known ordinarily for any vegetables. I believe it excels for the
wind-colick.

''Though I thought myself an indifferent botanist for anything
could grow in England^ yet here in our wild plants I am presently
[at a loss] but I hope I shall in season search out their pedigrees ;
and would be free to gratify any person valuing them with their
seeds, or bodies dried. Mr. Alexander Balaam [Balcam?'\^ my
master in those studies, and a person well known to Mr. Charles
Howard and Dr. Morrison^ are now in your land.

''Also (pardon, I beseech you, the confidence) I make bold to
present your honour with a model of our natives ships. With one
of them twenty foot long they will carry six or eight persons, their
house and furniture and provisions, by one padling her forwards in
the stern, swifter than any sculler. And when they come to falls,
or would go over the land, . . . load themselves away with the ship
and her freight too.

" I DOUBT they are not for the wars ; for if you but stamp hard,
you may strike out the bottom ; and if you lay your tongue on one
side of your mouth, it may over-set.

" Also Sir, a piece of their plate, a fish I call the sea-spider, and
some stones, I doubt more ponderous than precious ; but that your
honour will prove.

" It hath pleased even all to assign the college for my Sparta.
I desire I may adorn it ; and thereby encourage the country in its
utmost throws for its resuscitation from its ruins. And we still

590 APPENDIX.

hope some helpers from our native land ; of which your honoured
self, Mr. A, and some others have given a pledge.

^^A LARGE well-sheltered garden and orchard for students ad-
dicted to planting; an ergasterium for mechanick ^ncies; and a
laboratory chemical for those philosophers, that by their senses
would culture their understandings, are in our design, for the stu-
dents to spend their times of recreation in them \ for readings or
notions only are but husky provender.

"And, Sir, if you will please of your mature judgment and
great experience to deign us any other advice or device, by which
we may become not only nominal, but real scholars, it shall, I
hope, be as precious seed, of which both you and me aad many by
us shall have uberous provent at the great day of reckoning, which
I know you do respect above all.

"If I durst, I would beg one of a sort of all your printed monu-
ments, to enrich our library and encourage our attempts this way.

^^I KNOW nothing so stunting our hopes and labours in this way,
as that we want one of a sort of the books of the learned, that
come forth daily in Europe^ of whose very names we are therefore
ignorant.

**To Mr. Ashurst I have written more. Let not, I beseech
you, my prolixity tire or deter your acception of things hinted, or
your honour's condonation of

" Your devoted humble servant,

"Leonard Hoar."

ISAAC ALLERTON, H. U. 1650, pp. 253-256.
Page 255, line 22, add "Elizabeth Eyre died 17 November,
1740."

REV. MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH, H. U. 1650, pp. 259-
286.
Page 284, for lines 5 and 6 from bottom, read '*in the New
England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxvi. 11."

REV. SEABORN COTTON, H. U. 1651, pp. 286-293.

Page 289, after line 18, add: —

" * Another time the said Eliakim being rated to the said Priest,
Seaborn Cotton the said Seaborn having a mind to a pied Heifer
Eliakim had, as Ahab had to Naboth\ Vineyard, sent his Servant

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 59 1

nigh two Miles to fetch her; who having robb'd Eliakim of her,
brought her to his Master. . . . The Priests and Rulers, . . . from
time to time, • . • plucked from him most of that he had/ "

" ' His Wife LyMa • . • withdrew, and separated * from the
^Church at Newbury^ of which she was sometimes a Member;
and being given up to the Leading of the Lord, after she had been
often sent for, to come thither, to give a reason of such her Sepa-
ration ; it being at length upon her, in the consideration of their
miserable Condition, who were thus blinded with Ignorance and
Persecution, to go to them; and as a Sign to them, she went in
(tho' it was exceeding hard to her modest and shamefac'd Disposi-
tion) nake4 amongst them, which put them into such a Rage,
instead of Consideration, that they soon laid Hands on her, and to
the next Court at Ipswich had her ; where, without Law, they con-
demned her to be tyed to the fence-Post of the Tavern, where they
sat, which is usually their Court-places, where they may serve
their Ears with Musick, and their Bellies with Wine and Glut-
tony ; whereunto she was tyed, stripped from the Waste upwards,
with her naked Breasts to the splinters of the Posts, and there
sorely lashed, with twenty or thirty cruel Stripes/ "

"Wardel, ^taxing Simon Broadstreet [Cotton's father-in-law]
at the Court at Hampton ... for upbraiding his Wife, and reproach-
ing her who was an honest Woman, for coming, as she did, into
their Church at Newbury^ where he sat Judge,' with others, upon
him and his wife and ''John Hussy and his Wife; to fine them for
not coming to their Worship, and telling Simon of his malitious re-
proaching of his Wife, • . . and of that Report that went abroad,
of the known dishonesty of Simon^s Daughter, Seaborn Cotton's
Wife ; Simon^ in a fierce Rage, told the Court, That if such fellows
should be suffered to speak so in the Court^ he would sit there no more :
So, to please Simony Eliakim was sentenc'd to be stripp'd from his
Waste upward, and to be bound to an Oak-Tree that stood by
their Worship-House, and to be whipped fifteen Lashes ; which,
to execute upon him, as they were having him out of the Court,
he called to Seaborn Cotton^ the Priest aforesaid, Simon's Son-in-Law,
to come and see the work done (so far was he from being daunted
by their Cruelty) • . . which the Executioner cruelly performed,
with Cords near as big as a Man's little Finger, which made him
very sore ; so they loosed him, having satiated their blood-thirsty

59^ APPENDIX.

Cruelty upon him at that time: Priest Cotton standing near him,
which Eliakim presently perceiving, when he was loosed from the
Tree, said to him, amongst the People, Seaborn^ Hath my pfd Heifer
calved yet? Which Seaborn^ the Priest, hearing, stole away like a
Thief.'" — J. Besse, Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 236. G.
Bishop, New England Judged, 375-379.

JOHN GLOVER, H. U. 1651, pp. 296, 297. See page 586.

NATHANIEL PELHAM, H.U. 1651, p. 300.
Page 300, lines 7, 8, for " His name is not " read " No account
with him is." «

JOHN DAVIS, H. U. 1651, pp. 300, 301.

The New Haven Records, 7 June, 1652, state that "Brother
Davis his sonn was propounded to supply the scoole masters place,
and y^ Magistrats, Elders and deacons w^ y^ deputies for the Court
were chosen as a Coinittee to treat w*** him aboute it." — F. B.
Dexter, Letter, 1871, December 6.

He probably accepted ^^the scoole masters place," as on the
Steward's book, 10-10-53, ^® ** charged ** by discontinuance by
3 quarters" £15. Subsequently there are no charges for college
expenses, except what are incidental to taking his second degree
"att 8-6-54," "i^^i' 5~7~57i already noticed on page 552.

JONATHAN BURR, H. U. 1651, pp. 309, 310.
Page 309, line 20, for " 1691 '* read "before 1700."
Page 310, for lines 5 and 6 read "His subsequent history is un-
known, but he is starred in Mather's Magnalia, and in the Trien-
nial Catalogue of 1700."

SAMUEL NOWELL, H. U. 1653, pp. 335-342.
Page 339, line 5, for "Edmund" read "Edward."

JOHN STONE, H. U. 1653, pp. 352, 353.
Page 352, line 23, for "identified" read ** identical."

REV. JOSHUA MOODEY, H. U. 1653, pp. 367-380.
Page 375, line 3, for " 1650" read " 1653."

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 593

GERSHOM BULKELEY, H. U. 1654, pp. 389-402.
Page 388, lines 14-17, the statement that ^^he is the earliest
graduate of whose college accounts ... the Steward's books con-
tain a full record*' admits of doubt.

CLASS OF 1656, pp. 405-487.
Page 405, before ^^Eleazar Mather" insert

"QUiCSTIONES IN PHILOSOPHIA

DISCUTIENDiE, SUB CAROLO CHAUNCjEO,

S.S. THEOL: BAC: PRjESIDE COL: HAR YARD:

CANTABRIGIiE, NOV-ANGL: IN COMITIIS,

PER INCEPTORES IN ARTIBUS,

DIE NONO SEXTILIS:

M. DC. LIX.

**I Jl\.N Privatio Jit caufa rerum naturaliumf

Negat Refpondens Robertus Payneus.

"II \^ Tri^m anima fit fuhje£lum capax cognitionis infinitaf
Affirmat Refpondens Johannes Eliotus.

*'III Jr\N quicquid movetur^ ab alio moveaturf

Affirmat Refpondens Thomas Gravefius.

**IIII VJ Trhm forma ducatur de potentid materia f

Negat Refpondens Johannes Emerfonus."

REV. INCREASE MATHER, H. U. 1656, pp. 410-470.

Page 433, after "aversion" in line 25, insert, ^^In an Epistle
dated 4 November, 1681, prefixed to Samuel Willard's Ne Sutor
ultra Crepidam, he says: —

^^ * As for those of the Antipadobaptistical perswasion^ which dif-
fer from us only in that particular, I would speak to them as unto
Brethren, whom (their Error (for so I believe it is) notwithsund-
ing) I love, and would bear with, and exercise the same indulgence
and compassion towards them, as I would have others do to me,
who feel my self compassed with infirmities.

'^ ^ I have been a poor labourer in the Lords Vineyard in this

38 CPrintad 187s June &]

594 APPENDIX.

place upwards of twenty years : and it is more than I know, if in
all that time, any of those that scruple Infimt-Baptisme, have met
with molestation from the Magistrate meerly on the account of
their Opinion. I would therefore intreat the Brethren^ (and others
of their perswasion, who may be of a Christian and moderate
spirit) that have subscribed the Epistle, seriously to consider ;

^^ ^ I. That the place may sometimes make a great alteration, as
to indulgence to be expected. It is evident, that that Toleration
is in one place, not only lawful, but a necessary duty, which in
another place would be destructive; and the expectation of it ir-
rational. That which is needful to ballast a great ship, will sink
a small boat. If a considerable number of hntipadobaptists should
(as our Fathers here did) obtain Liberty from the State, to trans-
port themselves and families, into a wast American wiUUmess^ that
so they might be a peculiar People by themselves ; practising all,
and only the institutions of Christ ; if now PaJo-Baptists should
come after them, and intrude themselves upon them, and when
they cast men out of their society for moral Scandals, entertain
them; Surely they would desire such persons; either to walk or-
derly with them, or to return to the place from whence they came.
And if they would do neither, they would think that such PitA^
Baptists were blame-worthy : let them then do as they would be
done by ; and deal by us, as they would have us to deal by them i
were they in our case, and we in theirs.

^^ ^ 2. Let them please to consider ; that those of their perswasion
in this place, have acted with so much irregularity and prophane-
ness, that should men of any other perswasion whatsoever, have
done the like, the same severity would have been used towards
them. I truly profess unto them, that if any men, either of the
Presbyterian, or Congregational (or never so much of my) per-
swasion in matters referring to Church-Discipline, should behave
themselves as the Anabaptists in Boston^ in New-England^ have
done, I think they would have deserved far greater punishment
than any thing that to this day, hath been inflicted upon them. . . .

***Let me intreat the Brethren to believe, that some of us
would shew as much indulgence unto truly tender Consciences,
as themselves. It is not so long since our own Necks bled under
an intolerable yoke of Imposition upon Conscience; as that we
should forget what it is to be so dealt with; or exercise that se-

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 595

verity towards any, that we have ourselves complained of, in
others. But the Brethren will readily own that some men have
pretended Conscience, when pride, & perverseness in the will,
have been at the bottom: They will also confess, that a meer
pretence of Conscience, is not enough to bear men out in an evil
practice. All the difficulty is, in discerning the one of these from
the other.' "

Increase Mather, while in London, furnished information for the
Athenae Oxonienses of Anthony Wood, who acknowledged his
courtesy by sending him a presentation copy, in which, when sold
at auction in Boston in 1869, were two letters, now in possession
of James Bradley Thayer, of Milton, H. U. 1852, which are here
printed from the author's autographs, having already appeared in
the Springfield Republican of 1873, January 14, and of 1872, Oc-
tober 10.

FIRST LETTER.
CCgr

" Y' kind (- civil letter I have r€cd for w** I doe by these re-
turne yo thanks — As for y* age of Sam, Newman (65) it agrees
with my man, but the country y° say wherein he was borne (York-
shire) doth not. For my sam Newman who I take to be him of
Rehoboth (- author of the Concordance, was borne in Oxford-
shire —

" Now I have full satisfsiction of y' brother Sam, I shall god will-
ing mention him in his place, (- w** I see mr Danson, wch is twice
or more in an yeare (for I am well acquainted with him) I shall
enquire of him —

"The method y* I use of speaking of writers is this (i) The
towne or parish, or at least the county where they were borne

(2) The coll. or hall wherein educated, (- sometimes the school.

(3) The names of the benefices or employments in church (-
state yt they have successively enjoyed (4) The titles of books,
pamphlets, sermons with their texts, yt they have written (- pub-
lished, the time w° (- where printed (- in wt vol. (5) The day,
or month, or at least yeare of their death (- y« place of buriall —

^^ Now if y^ can tell me as much as yo can according to this
method concerning will. Bartlet (- his son John, — mr. Joh. Row
— mr Tim Taylor, mr will. Ben — mr. Thom vincent if he be
dead (- m' ThankfuU owen, youl doe me (- the publick good ser-

596 APPENDIX.

vice — As for Phil Nye (- Theoph. Gale^ I think I have enough
already of them.

" I have been pusing the matriculation books for will. (- John,
Bartlct, (- for Will. Ben, (- cannot find them in Exeter coll (-
Queens coll. Therefore quaere whether yo have not mistaken
their colleges.

*' Yo mention not mr Sam. Lee, sometimes of Wadha Coll —
If he be dead, I would willingly know the time w° he died, (-
where buried — Of the same Coll. was also mr Tho Lye a
learned Nonconformist, who hath also been dead several yeares ;
(- how to find him out I cannot tell — If ]^ know of any active
(- understanding person who will undertake to solve such queries
yt I shall send to him, I will recompense him for his paines.

I thank y® for y' kind proffer of N. E. books, because there is
no doubt but yt I may find something to my purpose among them —
If the authors names be not put to them, yo would do well to write
them at y* bottome of their respectives titles — So with many
thanks for yr civilities, I remaine

** Y' most obliged servant

"Anth. Wood.
^^From my lodging neare merton Coll. in Oxford 12 June 1690.

*' Why do yo not give me an account of yor self, yt I may bring
yt in w° I speake of yr father ? In y« last terme Catalogue I saw
ye title of a book by yo published.''

SECOND LETTER.

"Worthy s'

"I am very sensible of the pairtcs y^ have took in carrying on
my public work, (- the more because y° are stranger to Old
England — Pray s' be pleased to let me know wt charge y^ have
been at, {- I shall take order yt my friend in London shall make
y^ satisfaction.

"I have sent y° inclosed divers queries, yet not half y* I have
laying by me ; (- unless, (as I have told y*' before) some generous
Nonconformist will relieve me, I must for ever dispaire of remit-
ting into my book such nonconforming writers yt have been in
this Universitie.

"Several there be also yt are, as I presume, yet living, as mr
Hen. Hickman, mr Sam Annesley, mr Joh. How, mr Job.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 597

Humphry, mr Sam. Lee, mr Rich. Adams &c who also must
hereafter be remembred, but whether by my pen I doubt —

^^I must collect all, whether conformists or nonconformists,
papists or of any other religion, y* have reed any education among
us, (- if I do not remember them, I shall be esteemed a partial
writer — I am not to look upon them, or esteem them, as to their
opinions or writings, but only as they are writers ; (- so I hope
all people yt are knowing will think so. So with many thanks for
wt y® have done already I remaine

** Y' obliged servant

"Anth. Wood.
"Feb 23, 1690-1

**For M' Increase Mather at Mr. Whitings house in Copt hall
court in Throcmorton street London.**

Mather*8 visits to the College were made on horseback by the
way of Charlestown Ferry. On the Treasurer's books I find, —

Dec. 31, 1686. "Paid to L^ Cutler [of Charlestown], for shoo-
ing Mr. Mathers horse, mending sadle, & new Saddle cloth," 9s.
March 14, 1686-7. "Paid Deacon Cutler 25? money for winter-
ing mr. Mathers horse, & 12^ Shooing,** ^i 6s. May 23. "Paid
ditto for a p' of fetters & shooing, money,'* 6$. August 15, 1692.
**P<* to m' Incr. Mather 3* 12* for a bridle & saddle he bought Cost
him*' £3 I2s. Sept. 21. 1694. "Cash pd Henry Emms for keep-
ing the Preside horse from 26*^ May last to the 19*"* instant that he
w* remoov*d to Charlstown, being 16} weeks, & for shooing him
6s. 8d., in all bating V he w* at Lyn," £4 13s. Aug. 28,

1695, more than was due was paid Mr. Austin "at his desire be-
forehand to buy hay the better withall." A later memorandum
says: "s^ horse went to m' Austins y* 20. 7V 1694 & died thr"
12 April, 1696"; and he is paid for the keeping and for "other
disbursments on him till he died.** June 8, 1696. The Corpora-
tion instructed the Treasurer to pay the President ^^such money
as he should need to purchase a horse with, for the better capaci-
Uting him to make his visits, &c., at the College**; and July 10,

1696, Treasurer Brattle pays him £12 "according toy« order of
the Corporation.'*

After the beginning of the year 1697, payments were often sent
to Mather by " his negro.** • This negro was probably the Spanish
Indian servant whom his son, Cotton Mather, in speaking of ^^the

598 APPENDIX.

retaliating dispensations of Heaven towards " himself, says he bought
and bestowed upon his father ; adding, ^^ some years after this, a
knight, whom I had laid under many obligations," — without
doubt meaning Sir William Phips, — ^^ bestowed a Spanish Indian
servant upon m/."

REV. JOHN EMERSON, H. U. 1656, pp. 485-487.
Page 487, line 14, for "Joseph" read "John."

REV. JOHN COTTON, H. U. 1657, pp. 491-508.

The interesting letter from the Apostle John Eliot, dated "^tfjr-
burg^ July 7, 1688," to the "Right honourable, deep learned,
abundantly charitable, and constant nursing father," Robert Boyle,
from which an extract respecting Cotton is made on page 508,
may be found in Boyle's Works, ed. 1744, i. 136. The follow-
ing is the entire passage relating to Cotton: —

^^I am drawing home, and am glad of an opportunity to take
my leave of your honour with all thankfulness. Sir, many years
since you pleased to commit 30/. into my hand, upon a design for
the promoting Christ his kingdom among the Indians ; which gift
of yours I have religiously kept, waiting for an opportunity to im-
prove it ; but God hath not pleased yet to open such a door. I
am old, and desire to finish that matter, and take the boldness to
request your honour, that it may be thus disposed of. It being in
the hand of major Gookins*s relict widow, and he died poor, though
full of good works, and greatly beneficent to the Indians, and
bewailed by them to this day; therefore let his widow have 10/.
his eldest son, who holds up a lecture among the Indians and
English 10/. and the third loA give it to Mr. John Cotton^ who
helped me much in the second edition of the bible. And also I
must commit to him the care and labour of two other small trea-
tises, viz. Mr. Sheghear(fs Sincere Convert and Sound Believer^ which
I translated into the Indian language many years since ; and now
I hope, that the honourable corporation will be at the charge to
print them, by your honours favour and countenance. But I
cannot commit them to the press without a careful revisal, which
none but Mr. Cotton is able to help me to perform."

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 599

REV. SAMUEL SHEPARD, H. U. 1658, pp. 542-544.

Page 543, after line 14 insert, ^' He was brought up in the family
of his grandfather Hooker, who writes to Shepard's father, in a
letter without date : ' My little Sam : is very well, & exceeding
cheerful & hath beene so all this tyme, grows a good schoUer.
The little creature hath such a pleasing, wynning dysposition that
it makes me think of his mother almost every tyme I play wth
him.' September 17, 1646, he writes with a grandfether's tender-
ness of his * Little Sam': *My little bedfellow is well I blesse
the Lord & I fynd that you related to be true : the coulder y«
weather growes. Y^ more quiet he lyes : I shall hardly trust any
body with him but myne owne eye. Young ones are heavy headed,
& if once they fall to sleepe, they are hard to wake, & therefore
vniit to help. • . . My wife & freinds salute you. Sam remem-
bers his duty : is very very thankfuU for his things you sent wh
are receaved.'

<^ Shepard's father bequeathed 'To my son Samuel a single por-
tion, together with one of my long silver bowls.'" — J. A. Albro,
Life of Thomas Shepard, 256-258, 299. T. Hutchinson, MS.
Papers, i. 99-101.

INDEX.

The namct of gndmtet of the period emhraced in this vdame are printed in waah capitals, followed
by the jear of gndnation and the pages oontainiag the BiographiGal Sketches ; after which are refer-
ences to any incidental allusions to them. The names of ordained clergymen are printed in italics.

Abbott, Richard, prison-keeper, 373.
Act of Uniformity, 23, 72, 82, 108, I58»

162, 187, 229, 273, 303,^08, 555.
Adams, Constable, 551, 563.
Adams, Hugh, 1697, 504.
Adams, John, 175 c, LL.D., President, on

Dowmng, 461 On the Brewsters, 73.
Addington, Isaac, a student, 581.
Ainswarth, Henry, Psalms, 50a
Alchemy, 94.
Alcock, Mr., 56a
Alcock, George, Deacon, 124.
Alcock, John, Physician, 1646, 124-1261
Alcock, &unuel. Physician, 1659, 4&4f 573.
Alden, John, of Plymouth, 574.
Alden, TimMy, 1794, 369, 38a
Alford, William and Mary, 340.
Alien, %mes, of Boston, 72, 374, 379.
Allen, Jane, 52.
Allerton, Isaac, 1650, 253-256, 194,

A&n, John, of Dedham, 93, 9& On
Brock, 13a Conservative on Baptism,

3^
Alun, John, of Rye, England, and

Woodbridge, in New Jersey, 1643,

93-101,74.
AUine, John, a student, 574.
Ailing, James, of Salisbury, C06.
Almanacs, Danforth's, 91, 5&I. Oakes's,

183. Moodey's, 379.
Alyn, John, 392.
Ambrose, Joshua, of Darby, England,

1653. 38i;358» 554. ,^.,^ „
Ambrose, Nehemiah, of Kirkby, Eng-

land, 1653, 381 -382, 358, 359, 554.,
American Revolution, promoted by Har-

vardians, jd. Navigation Act and the,

4a Seizure of New Netherland and

the, 42.
Ames, WiUum, D.D., 2, 107, 183. Grant

to his widow, 108.
Ames, Wiluam, of Wrentham, England,

1645, 107 -"«f 104, 183-
Amesbury, 472.

Anabaptists, discussion with, in Boston,

3^> 594*

Andrew, Samuel, 1675, 167, 168.

Andrews, Robert and Alice, 297.

Andrews, Thomas, Lord Mayor of Lon-
don, 8a

Andros, Sir Edmond, 199. Narrative of
Proceedings against, 207. Rowley and,
386. His purposes as to Connecticut,
393. Oi>pression by, 421. Narrative
of Miseries under, 447. Favored by
Graves and others, 402, 483. Sum-
moned to surrender, 521.

Angier, Edmund, of Cambridge, 327, 384.

Angier, John, 1653, 325-327. 322, 323.
547. 552.

Angier, Samuel, 1673, 183.

Annesley, Samuel, D.D., 190, 191, 423.

Antigua, trade with, 324.

Antinomianism, 8a

Antipedobaptists, 85, 148, 158, 593.

Appleton, John, 60, 171, 210, 226.

Aquiday, or Aquethnicke, 104.

Armitage, Manasseh, 1660, 576.

Ashurst, Sir Henry, 401, 522.

Assabet River, 12 j, 126.

Assembly's Catechism, sermons on the,
366.

Astrologers, Allin and Jeake, 94, 95.

Atherton, Humphrey, 211.

Austin, John, and others, 77, 584, 597.

Avery, Jonathan, Doctor, 282.

Ayer, Jonathan, 568.

Bachelors of Arts, 14, 16, 411, 554, 56a

Bacon, Nathaniel, 554.

Badcook, George, 405.

Bahama Islands, contributions to, 139.

Bailey, John, of Watertown, 380^ 454.

Baker, Samuel, on Ames, 108.

Baker, William, 567.

Balaam, or Balcam, Alexander, botanist,

589-
Baptism, Dunster and Mitchel on, 148,

150, 156. Hartford controversy about.

6o2

INDEX.

345. Mather and Mitchel on, 415, 439,
440, 443, 444.

Baptists, 329,433, 1594.

Barefoot, Walter, Captain, 373.

Barker, John, 191.

Barker, Thomas, 123.

Barkstead, John, Regicide, 38, 39.

Barnard, John, of Hadley, 1 12.

Barnard, Tobias, 1642, 68, 18.

Barnes, John and Joane, of Pl}nnouth, 192.

Barnstable, Phillips invited to, 223.

Barsham, John, i658» 539-540» S30t
572-

Bartholomew Day, 82. See Act of Uni-
formity.

Bass River, now Beverly, 212, 214, 510.

Basto, George, 568.

Bates, William, D.D., 42r

Baxter, Joseph, of Medfield, 1693, ^•

Baxter, Richard, cited respecting Wood-
bridge, 26. Applied to for a minister
at Woodbridge, New Jersey, 99. Cited
respecting Mitchel, 151. On Mather,

Bay Psalm Book, 165, 500.
Belcher, Samuel, 1659, 574.
Belknap, Jeremy, vjfii,, D.D., Triennial

of, iv, 482. Cited, 370.
Bell, Charles Henry, 540.
Bellingham, Elizabeth, shipwrecked, 64.
Bellingham, Richard, Governor, i, 17,

6r 235. Executor of Nelson's will,

Bellingham, Samuel, 1642, 63-64,

i8» 583-
Bellomont, Lord, 202, 523.
Bennet, David, a student, 573.
Bentley, William, 1777, D.D., 376, 525.
Bermuda Islands, 131, 133-140. Wig-

glesworth's voyage to the, 272.
Berry, Thomas, 1605, Captain, 171.
Beverly, or Bass-river-side, 212, 214, 500.
Bible, Hoar on reading the, 232. in

Indian, 507, 598.
Billerica, 317, 364, 366.
Bingham, Governor of Guernsey, 413.
BiRDRN,JoHN, 1647, 163, 141.
Bishop, James, Deputy-Governor, ^75.
Blackman, or Blakeman, Benjamin^

1663. 275, 582.
Blake, Newcomb, 437.
Bligh, a student, 557.
B Unman, Richard, 1 10, 355, 390.
Blowers, Thomas, 1695, 517.
Bohemia, Queen of, 34.
Bonn, William, of Dorchester, England,

160.
Books, for making notes, 23a On accu-
mulating, 231.
Boots, payments made in, 296.
Bordman, William, Andrew, and Aaron,

College Stewards, 547.
Boston, First Baptist Society in, 329.

Bound, Captain, 99.

Bowen, Elizabeth, Griffith, and Maz^garet,
581.

Bowers, a Baptist, 329.

Bowers, George, of Cambridge, 192.

Bowers, John, 1649, 192 - 193, 166.

Bowles, John, 1671, 479.

Boyd, William, mission o( from London-
derry, Ireland, 466.

Boyle, Robert, 116, 3561 Letters to, by
Eliot, 508, 598; by Hoar, 588; by
Cotton, 598.

Brackenbury, Samuel, 1664, 281.

Brackett, John and Sarah, 484.

Brackett, John, of Wallir^ord, 394.

Bradbury, William, Sarah, Wymond*
Maria, 507.

Bradford, Massachusetts, 490-493.

Bradstreet, Aime, 292, 360, 361.

Bradstreet, Samuel, of Andover, 1653,

^360-363,343.358.553-

Bradstreet, Simon, Governor, 48. On
committee respecting Hubbard*s His-
tory, 55. Instalment of Oakes as Pres-
ident by, 180. His family, 292, 343,
360, 591. Treatment of Quakers by,

591-
Bradstreet, Simon, 1660, 320, 331, 361,

578.

Bradstreet, Simon, 1700, 361.

Bragg, Robert, of London, 19a

Brainerd, David, 219.

Brainerd, Hezekiah, 219.

Branford, Connecticut, 193.

Brasiletto wood, 139.

Brattle, William, 1680^ Tutor, 423.

Brenton, William, Governor, 531.

Brewster, Faith, 253.

Brewster, Francis, of New Haven, 68-

BREtvsTER, Nathaniel, 1642, 68-73,
18. Accompanies Cromwell to Ire-
land, 70, 81. Settlement of, at Brook-
haven, 72.

Brewster, William, Elder, 68, 253.

Bridge, Thomcu, death o^ 464.

Brigden, Zechariah, 1657, 494-495*
488.

Bn^ham, a student, 563.

Brtmsmead, William, of Marlborough,
16, 560.

Brinley, George, of Hartford, and his
Ubraiy, rvi, 400, 402, 438. 469.

Briscoe, Nathaniel, abused by Eaton, 3.

Broadcloth, 571.

Brock, John, 1646, 127-131, 124. Not
Brookes, 549, 585.

Brocklebank, Samuel, Captain, 386.

Brockolls, Anthony, 214, 215.

Broderick, on Downing, 34.

Bromfield, Edward, 246, 458.

Brookes, not Brock, $49, 585.

Brookhaven, Long Island, firewstert at,
73.

INDEX.

603

Browne, Joseph, 1666, Fellow, 239.

Browne, Robert, 560.

Brush, Rebecca, of Huntington, 219.

Buckingham, Stephen, 1693, 351.

Buckingham, Thomas, 351.

Bulkley, Edward^ of Concord, 227, 58a

Bulkley, Eliezer, 572.

BvLKELEY, Gershom, of Counecticut,
i655» 389 - 402, 320. 557. 593- At New
London, 39a At Wethersfield, 393-
396. On Andros's policy, 393, 397,
399-401. Surgeon in the army, 393-

395. Wounded, 394. To transport
com for drugs, ^94. Moves to Glas-
tenbury, 396. Licensed as a surgeon,

396. Lines on, 398. Character of,
40a His family, 400. Will and
Doom by, 401.

Bulkley, John, 1642, 52-54, 18, 30,

389-
Bulkley, John, 1699, 40a
Bulkley, Peter, 52, 389.
Bulkley, Peter, 1660, 576, S82.
Bunker, BENyAMiN, 1658, 535-538,

275, 284. 530, 572-
Bunker Hill, the name, 535.
Burglary, 122.

Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop, 24, 45, 422.
Burr, Jonathan, 1651, 309-310, 259,

592.
Burroughs, George, 1670, 435.
Burrows, Mr., near Mystick, 355.
Bury Street Society, in London, 303.
Butler, Henry, 165 i, 297-299, 259,

5J2. Butler School named for, 299.
Butler, Peter, and his wife, 340*
Butlership, 256.

Byfield, Nathaniel, Captain, 483.
Byles, Mather, 1725, D.D., 437.
Byley, Henry, and family, 517.

Cabot, 370.

Cage, at Portsmouth, 367.

Calamy, Edmund, D.D., on Woodbridge,
20, 22, 26. On Anthony Wood, 24.
On Samuel Mather, 82. On Collins,
190. On Henry Butler, 298. On
Famsworth, 555.

Calef, Robert, liook of, burned in the Col-
lege yard, 436.

Callender, Elisha, 17 10, 433, 465.

Calvin, John, " a piece of before I go to
sleepj," 291.

Cambridge, Newtown called, order for a
college at, i, 2, 9. Situation of, 10.
Braintree Street in, 53. Settlement
of Mitchel at, 145 ; of Oakes, 174.
Church organization and settlement of
Shepard, 327.

Cambridge, England, Downing CoUege
at, 48.

Canoes, Hoar on Indian, 589.

Capen, Joseph, of Topsfield, 1677, 214.

Carter, Samuel, 1660, 576.

Carter, Thomas, 129.

Catechising, 129, 289, 491. In Billerica,
364. In Plymouth, 499.

Catechisms, 499, 501.

Caulkins, Frances Manwaring, cited re-
specting William Thomson, 356;
Bulkeley, 390, 392.

Cellar, Wigglesworth's dwelling-place,
260.

Cerefolium, a plant, 94.

Chapin, Alonzo B., D.D., on Bulkeley,
396, 399.

Charles II., Woodbridge Chaplain to, 22.
His Indulgence, 23. Visits Holland,
incognito, 33. Downing's interview
with, 36. Arrival of, in England, 37.
Grants New Netherland to Tames,
Duke of York, 41. Massachusetts
charter and, 197. Complimented by
Hoar, 250, 251.

Charleston, South Carolina, mortality at,

503* 504-

Charlestown, Mass., controversy with
Baptists at, 328. <* Ill-affected, Dis-
tracted & Divided," 483.

Chamock, Stephen, 81.

Chauncy, Barnabas, 1657, 527-529,
488.

Chauncy, Charles, President, 228, 229,
528, 579. Six sons of, educated, 302.
Inaugurated, 349. Family of, 400.

Chauncy, Charles, of Boston, 1721, D.D.,

304-
Chauncey, Elnathan, 1661, petitions for

his brother, 528.
Chauncy, Icha bod, of Bnatol, England,

1651,308-309, 259, 302, 552.
Chauncy, Isaac, 1651, 302-307, 259.
Chauncy, Isaac, of I^uiley, 1^93, 116.
Chauncy, Israel, of Stratford, 1661, 394,

567.
Cheever, Ezekiel, schoolmaster, 260, 275.
Cheever, Thomas, of Maiden, 1677, 213,

275. 276.
Chelsea. See Rumney Marsh.
Cheney, John, 577.
Chesholme, Thomas, College Steward,

579» 582.
Chester, Leonard, and others, 365.
Chetwode, or Chitwood, 389.
Chickering, John, Doctor, 484, 558.
Chickering, "the backer," 559.
Child, Benjamin, 560.
Christison, Wenlock, a Quaker, 288.
Church-members, admission of^ 499.
Church organization, at Portsmouth, 369.

At Beverly, 509.
Clap, Roger, 555.
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 24, 34,

43.

6o4

INDEX.

^Clarky ^hn^ 1690, 518.
Clark, Thomas, of Chelmsford, 1670^ 3661
Clarke, Henry, 113.
Clarke, Hugh, 568.
ClarhoHy David, 191.
Classes, arrangement of students in the,

259,260.
" Cleverly, John, Doctor, 297.
Cloves, John, of Watertown, 222.
Coals, price o( in England, 37, 96.
Cobbet, Samuel, 1663, 582.
Cobbett, T^^TfffOf, of Ipswich, 54, 59, 167,

329» 512.
Coddin|;ton, William, 104.
Ccelifohum, the ^ant, 94.
Coffin, Peter, of Portsmouth, 373.
Coitmore, or Coytmore, 48a
Collins, Edward, 186, 344, 378.
Collins, Francis, 188.
CoLUNS, John, 1649, 186- 191, 166, 344,

37^ 549* His recoounendation of

Hoar, 188, 233, 236, 243.
Collins^ John^ of London, 190.
Collins, Nathaniel, of Middletown, 1660,

575-

Cdfnan, Benjamin, 1692, D.D., 248* 455.

Comets, Danforth on, 92. Mather on,
434, 445.

Commencement, the first, 15, 17. Hub-
bard presides at, 58, 59, 108. In 1643,
74. In 1684, 168. Instalment of
Oakes as President at, i8a Hoar at,
236. In 1653, 322. See Quaestiones
and Theses.

Conunencement charges, 548-555, 557,
562.

Commencement Day, 15, 168.

Common Prayer, 413, 449.

Conant, Roger, of Salem, 511.

Connecticut, Andros's attempt to get
control of, 393. Claimed by the Duke
of York, 393.

Constable, a student, 571.

Constable, George, 555.

Converse, Alline, of Wobum, 558.

Cooke, Eusha, 1657, 520-525, 488.
Bellomont's confidence in, 202. Dis-
agrees with Mather, 422, 522. At
Graves's fiineral, 483. His accounts,
568.

Cooke, Joseph, 1660^ 576.

Cooke, Joseph, 1661, 578.

Cooper, William Durant, on John Allin,

Cotton, Joanna, account o( 506.

Caiton, John, of Boston, i, 64, 10$.
Verses on, 27. Land owned by, 64.
Preaches on Danforth's contraction of
marriage with Wilson's daughter, 91.
Death of Sarah, daughter oU 153-
Sweetens his mouth with a iHece of
Calvin before going to sleep» 291.
Relatives of, 7&, 437. On Oliver,

585-

Cotton, John, 1657, 496-508, 4881 568.
Criticises Hubraxd's History. 55. In
Connecticut, 496. At Martha's Vine-
yard, 497. Studies the Indian lan-
guage, 497, 504. 507. At PlymoQth,
497. Changes Ainswoith's tor Bay
Psalm Boo^ 500. At Charleston,
South Carolina, 503. An index of the
Bible, 504. Education of his sons at
College, 505. His family, 506. Cor-
rects the second edition of the Bibfe in
the Indian language, 507, 598. His
wife, 506. Eliot writes to Boyle re-
specting, 508, 598.

Cotton, John, of Hampton, 1678^ 167,

of Rye, 93, 96, loi.
Copeland, Patrick, 131, 132.
Corbet, Miles, betrayed by Downing, 38,

Corb

Sorbin,

Corlet, Ammi Ruhamah, 1670, 167, 241.
'^ '^ 3. 569.

Henry, 254.
nmi Ruha
Corlet, Elijah, schoolmaster, '8, 333,
Coming, Samuel, of Beverly, 511.
Corporal punishment, 12, 15, 121, 243,
314, 591.

168, 292, 376, 437.
^ottan^ John, of Vj
506.

CoUon^ John, of Yarmouth, 16S1, 343,

Cotton, John, of Newton, 1710, 471.

Cotton, Josiah, 1698, 501, 502. Manu-
script Journal by, 503, 507. Cited re-
specting his mother, 506.

Cotton, Leonard, 246.

Cotton, Rowland, of Sandwich, 1685, 502^
507.

Cotton, Rowland, 1696, 292.

Cotton, Seaborn, of Hampton, 165 1,

286-293, 259, 343, 374, 551- '^^
Quakers and, 288, 590.
Cotton, Tlieophilus, of Hampton Falls,

1701, 527-

Cotton, Thomas, of London, 248.

Cotton Hill, in Boston, 377.

Couch, John, of Horsmanden in Kent,
360.

Couper, John, 382.

Cradodc, Matthew, fimn o( at Medford,
186.

Crane, Margaret and Robert, 166.

Cranfield, Edward, (yovemor, 227. Mes-
sage of, to Cotton, 289. PersecQtioa
of Moodey and others by, 370-375.

Crisp, Thomas, 304.

Cromwell, Henry, accompanied to Ire-
land bv Brewster and others, 69, 81.

Cromwell, Oliver, 31, 39. Appoints
Downing minister to Holland, 32.
Downing's sermons in the time gmT, 44.
Cited respecting Nathaniel Brewster,
70. Befriends Nathaniel Mather, 158.
Sends a Council to govern Scodand,
186. William Hooke and, 558.

Crosby, Anthony, Doctor, 2^.

INDEX.

605

C/tosffr, TifoMASf of Eastham and Har-
wich, 1653, 382-383, 358, 554.

Crowne, John, a student, 577.

Crowne, William, Colonel, 577.

Cullick, John and Hannah, ill, 559.

.Curwin, Georce, a student, 575.

Curwin, Jonatnan, account of, 575.

Gushing, Caleb, 1692, 506.

Cushman, Isaac, of Plympton, 501.

Cushman, Thomas, Elder, 4^ 500.

Cutler, Tames, of Charlestown, 556.

Cutler, Nathaniel, 1663, 582.

Cutler, Lieu^nant and Deacon, 597.

Cutt, John and Richard, 369.

Cutter, William, writes about Glover,
209 ; and Hadden, 585.

Cyguatea Island, 139.

Dalton, Mehitabel and Samuel, 493.
DalUm, Timothy, of Hampton, 287.

Dancine, 445.
Danforth, Elijah, 1703,

204.

Danforth, Jonathan, of Billerica, 366.

Danforth, Nicholas, 8&

Danforth, Samuel, of Roxbury, 1643,
88-92, 74, 122, 129, 547. His Alma-
nacs, 91, 584. Mather s Diary cited
respecting, 241. Conservative on Bap-
tism, 329.

Danforth, Thomas, 211, 569.

Davenport, John, i, 58, 156, 160, 513,
534. Cited on Whiting and Haynes,
345.

Davis, John, 1651, 300-301, 258, 259,
361, 552, 592.

Davis, William, Captain, 126.

Dav, Matthew, Steward, bequests by, to
the College, 53 ; to Brock, 127 ; to
Glover, 209 ; to Shepard, 542.

Day, Rebecca, 558, 559.

Daye, Stephen, 200.

Deaf and dumb, 396.

Dean, John Ward, on placing students,

259. On Wi^lesworth ana Harvard,

260. Memoir of Wigglesworth by,
286.

Deane, Samuel, on Hoar's will, 247.
Degrees, 14, 16, 390, 411, 554, 560.
Denison, Daniel, 61, 62, 170^ 572.
Denison, George, of Mystic, 354, 355.
Denison, John, 1684, 59, 572.
Derby, Connecticut, 1513.
Detriment and discontinuance, 326, 389.
DeWitt, John, Downing and, 37, 41, 42.

Spies procure private papers from, 44.
Dexter, Franklin Bowditch, xvi. On

John Jones, 584. On Davis, 592.
Discontinuance and detriment, 326, 389.
Dissenters' Academy, in London, 304.
Divinity and medicine, united, 167.
Dixy, William, of Beverly, 511.

Dodge, Jonathan, 517.

Doroiester, Massachusetts, 195, 196.

Douglas, William, M.D., 391, 392.

Downing, Calibute, 45.

Downing, Emanuel, 28.

Downing, Sir George, 1642, 28-54,

18, 583.
Downing, George, and Downing College,

47.

Downing, Mrs. Lucy, cited, 28-30.
Conveys land to John Pickering, 29.
Neglect of; by her son, 37. Cited re-
specting Collins, 186.

Downing Street, London, 43.

Drake, F., on Jonathan Mitchell, 153.

Drinker, Edward, a Baptist, 329.

Driver, Robert, executed, 44a

Drunkenness, 438, 461.

Dublin, 81, 158, 412.

Dudley, expedition to, 395.

Dudley, John, 294.

Dudley, Joseph, 1665, i, 196, 523. Friend-
ship or Stoughton and, 198W Connecti-
cut charter and, 401. Intolerable gov-
ernment of, 421. On the College
charter, 424. Succeeded by Cooke as
Assistant, 521.

Dudley, Samuel, 294.

Dudley, Thomas, Governor, i, 17, 21,
171, 292, 36a Will of, dted, 294.

Dudley, Thomas, 1651, 294-295, 259,

551-
Dummer, Jeremiah, 458.
Dummer, Mary, A71.
Dummer, Richard, of Newbury, 309, 384,

471-

Dummer, Shubael, of York, 1656, 471 -
475* 405. 562. Quakers and, ^^^.
Killed, 47J. Epitaph on, 474.

Dummer, William, 24i5.

Dunster, Henry, President, 8, 122, 336,
^6a * Theses dedicated to, 18. Dis-
bursements by, 133, 172. Manuscripts
of, 140. Mitcheland, 148-150, 152,
ij55. Bay Psalm Book and, 165. Mar-
nes Widow Glover, 209. Lawsuit be-
tween John Glover and, 210. To
move out of his house, 349.

Dunton, John, on Hubbsird, j8.

Dustin, Hannah, and her Inman master,
318.

Eames, John, 304.

Earle, John, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury,

23.
Earie's Colne, England, I.
Eaton, Nathaniel, schoolmaster, and wife,

2.
Eaton, Samuel, 1649, 171 -172, 166,

192, 548. 573» 586.
Eaton, Tbeophilus, Governor, 3, 171, 192.

6o6

INDEX.

.485.

Eclipse, on the day for Commencement,

Edgerly, Thomas, Justice, 373.

Edwardstone, England, i.

Eldred, John, of Olivers, 476.

Eleuthera, or Eleutheria, Island, 139.

Eliot, bondsman for Moodey, 372.

Eliot, Benjamin, i66q, 154.

Eliot, John, of Roxbury, Danforth and,
89, 91. Recommends Ince, 258. On
Increase Mather, 418. Family o^ 476.
On John Cotton and a second edition
of the Bible in Indian, 507, 598.

EuoTy John, of Newton, 1656, 476-480,
154, 263, 405, 562, 593-

Eiiot, John, 1772, D.D., contributes Hub-
bard's Manuscript History to the Mas-
sachusetts Historical Soaety, 56. On
Hubbard, 58, 59, J83. On Mather's
burning Cauefs booK, 436.

EuoT, Joseph, 1658. 530-533. Z^S» 57i-

Eliot, Lewis R., 532.

Eliot, Samuel, 1660, 571;.

Eliot, Samuel Atkins, 1 51 7, on Hoar, 244.

Elizabethtown, New Jersey, 99, 570.

Ellsworth, Jonathan and Mary, 479.

Emerson, John, of Gloucester, 1656,

485 -487, .405, 567, 5U'.593» 598.
Emerson, Thomas and Elizabeth, 4I
Emms, Henry, 596.
Endicott, John, Governor, 17, 558.
English, Fhilip, and wife, 376^
Epes, Samuel, 1669, 568.
Epitaph, 27.

Errington, Abraham, 555.
Estimates, before appropriations, 43.
Evelyn, John, on Downmg, 42.
Evernard, Mary, 226.
Exhibition, allowance for, 549.
Eyre, John, drowned, 453.
Eyre, Jonathan, 569.
Evre, Simon, and others, 255, 302.
Eyre, William, 21,26,

Fairfax, Sir Thomas, 30, 122.
Falsehood, bv Wigglesworth, 265.
Familists, 328.
Family rank, in placing students, 259,

260.
Farley, Timothy, killed, 364.
Fanner, John, v, 9i,*36i5.
Farmington, Connecticut, 3^0.
Farmswarth, or Farmwortn, a student,

,.555. ^^ ^ .

Farnum, John, a Baptist, 329.

Farwell, Thomas, 555.

Feaver, Nicholas, 440.

Fellows' Orchard, ^3.

Felton, Cornelius Conway, 1827, zii.

Fisher, Daniel, Captain, 55.

Fisher, Lieutenant, 559.

Fisk, Phineas, 218.

Fiske, of Watertown, 559.

Fiske, John, instructor in Salem, 29.

FisJu, Moses, 166^, 129, 334, 582,

Five Mile Act, 23.

Fleming, John, 580.

FUUher, Seth, of Elizabethtown, 99.

Fletcher, William and Hope, 120.

Flint, Ephraim, a student, 580.

Flint, Henry, of Braintree, 252, 544, 587.

Flint, Josiah, 1664, 229, 242, 252.

Floggine of Quakers, 591 . See Corporal
Punishment.

Fordham, in England, 52.

FoRDHAM, Jonah, 1658, 538-539, 530.

Foster, Isaac, 1671, 32^.

Foster, John, death 0(461.

Founes, 588.

Fownell, John, 557.

Fox, Jabe%, 1665, 129.

Fox, John, 1698, J65.

Franklin, Beniamm, LL.D., 27.

Franklin, William, and others, 297.

Freshmen, abuse of, 235, 242.

Frewen, Morton, 10 1.

Frost, Edmund, Elder, 549.

Fryer, Nathaniel, 372, 373.

Fryth, Philip, Allin s correspondent, 93.

Fuller, Bridget and Samuel, 498.

Funerals, and funeral expenses, Hub-
bard's, 60. Samuel Mather's, 84.
Danforth's,9i. Brock's, 129. Oakes's,
181. Usher's, formerly Hoar's, widow,
246. Nowell's, 340. Moodey's, 377,
378. Increase Mather's, 432. Graves's,
483. Cotton's, 504.

Funell, or FumcU, J., 575.

Galemsts, 134, 135.

Garden, on connecting College and,

588,59a
Gardner, Joseph, Captain, 48.
Gardner, Sarah, 560.
Garrett, James, lost at sea, 300, 361.
Gatliife, Jonathan and Thomas, 571.
Gerrard, Thomas, 254.
Gibbon, Edward, delegate to Aqueth-

nicke, 104.
Gihbs, Henry, 479.
Gibson, John, 567.
Gidney, of Salem, 344.
Gilbert, Thomas, of Topsfield, 214.
Giiman, Nicholas, 1724, iv, 133, 54a
Glass, 560.

Gleasinge, of Watertown, 569.
Gloucester, Massachusetts, 486.
Glover, Habakkuk, 296.
Glover, John, of Dorchester, 381.
Glover, John, 1650, 208-211, 194, 55 1»

563* 586.

INDEX.

607

/, or Joseph^ 20S.

Glover, John, 1651, 296-297, 259, 586,

592.

Glover^ Jose, J&sse,

Glover, Mary, 157.

Clever, Pelatiah, of Springfield, 5S&

Gloves, at funerals, 181, 4S3.

Goflf, Edward, 548, 571.

Goffe, William, the Regidde, 45, 113-
116, 534, 560, 563, 577.

Gold as a preventive of the plague, 95.

Gold, or Gould, 567.

Gooch, or Gouge, a student, 57a

Goodale, Elizabeth, 388.

Goodairs Ketch, 394.

Goodenow, Ensign, 555.

Goodyear, Andrew, a student, 551.

Goodyeare, Stephen, 551.

Gookin, Daniel, 211, 479, 544. Cited re-
specting Davis, 301. On Nowell and
SIX Prayine Indians, 337, 338. Pay-
ments by, tor Hooker, 348; for Stone,
352. On Eliot, of Newton, 478. Ten
pounds to widow of, 598.

Gookin f Daniel^ 1669, 167, 239.

Gookin, Nathaniel, 167^, 15 1, 423.

Goodwin, William, Ruling Elder, ill.

Gore, John, a student, 560.

Gore Hall, on land given by Bulkley and
I>ay, 53.

Gorton, Samuel, and Gortonists, 52.
"Those Hornets," 328.

Gould, Thomas, of Charlestown, a Bap-
tist, persecution of, 329.

Grammar school in Cambridge, 8, 16.

Grant, Christopher, 560.

Graves, Thomas, 1656, 480-484, 237,
241, 33^ 333» 405. 562, 593. His
fiimily,484,493.55»-

Gray, Catharine, 480.

Gray, Pamell, 335.

Greatarick, Valentine, 84.

Greely, Andrew, 490.

Greene, Henry, 372.

Greene, or Grean, Samuel, 389.

Greenough, William, 437.

Gregson, Thomas, 68, 117, 346.

Grindal, Edmund, Archbishop, 65.

Guilford, Connecticut, 192.

Guillim, Mr., 308.

GumbU, Tkomas, cited, 186.

Haddam, Connecticut, Hobart at, 215-

217.
Hadden, or Haddon, George, 1647,

164, 141, 585-
Hadley, Massachusetts, iio 115, 395.
Hagborne, John, a student, 574.
Hagbome, Samuel and Elizabeth, 484.
Ha^e, royalists at the, 33.
Haines. See Haynes.
Hair-cutting, charged, 389.

Hale, John, of Beverly, 1657, 509-520,

488,489.
Half- Way Covenant, 150, 391.
Hall, Joseph, Bishop, 232.

Hall, Ralph, 559.

Halleck, Fitz-Greene, 532.

Hammond, Laurence, Captain, 154.

Hampton, Cotton at, 287, 591. Bar-
sham at, C39.

Hanford, Thomas, 258.

Hankredse, Richard, Sarah, daughter of,
and wife of Story, Cotton, and Mather,
496.

Harlakenden, Roger, i, 172.

Harley, Sir Edward, 308.

Harrington, Richard, 567.

Harris, Elizabeth, wife of Glover, 208.

Harris, Richard, 210.

Harris, Thaddeus William, 1815, M.D.,
54.

Harris, William Thaddeus, 1846, LL.B.,
56.

Harrison, Tkomas, D.D., 81.

Hart, Elizabeth, of Maiden, J76.

Hartford, Connecticut, theological con-
troversy at. III, 345, 534. Alcock
teacher at, 124. Servant at, killed by
a tree, 142. Mitchel invited to, 144.
Shepard with Hooker at, 598.

Harvard, Jokn, 7, lO^ 260.

Harvard College, in advance of public
sentiment, x. Origin and overseers
of^ I -10. First and second Com-
mencement at, 9, 17, 74. Early con-
tributions to, la Rules and studies
in, II. Downing and Bulkley teachers

hama Islands, 139. Septennial sub-
scription for, proposed, 146. Epithala-
miums at, on Mitchel's marriage, 153.
Presidency of Rogers, 167, 275, 419;
of Oakes, 178, 179. Bequests and gifts
to, by Israel Stoughton, 195 ; by Wil-
liam Stoughton, 203-205. Hoar's
Presidency of; 233, 588. Gift to, by
the Cottons, 248. Wigglesworth,
Moodey, and the Presidency, 275, 375.
Hollis Professors in, 283. Conmience-
ment exercises of the class of 1653 in
1655, 322 ; and in 1656, 358. Contri-
butions for Harvard Hall at, 330, 367 ;
of a goblet to, by Shepard, 333. Mood-
ey*s appeal for, 367. Presidency of
Mather, 41& Imperilled, 423, 427.
Expenses and payments at, 480. Tor-
rey declines the Presidency, 56$.
Hoar's project of a garden and work-
shop at, 588, 590.

Harvard College graduates, character and
influence of, x.

Harvard College Records, zx.

6o8

INDEX.

Harvard College Steward's Accoant-
Books, 480. 547, 582.

Harvard College Triennial Catalogues,
improved, iii. Interleaved, iv. No-
tices of, V. Early, 249.

Harvard Hall, 330^ 367.

Harvey, Josiah, student, and others, 581.

Httugh^ or Hmigk, Samud, 5, 128, 131.

Haynes, John, Governor, 172, 475, 532.

Haynes, John, 1656. 475 -47^, 405» 56a-

Haynes, Joseph, 1658, S33-535» 345»
347, 476, 530, 562. 572.

Haynes, Mabel, 172.

Haynes, Roger, 562, 571.

Haynes, Samuel, Deacon, 37a

Hayward, John, of Watertown, 221.

Heaton, Tames, of New Haven, 375.

Hebrew language, disinclination to study
the, 265 -26&

Hempstead, Long Island, 214, 587.

Hewes, Joshua, 121.

Heyers, Simon, 255.

Hibbon, William, 104.

Hides, Jonathan, bills paid by, 985.
ffigginson, John, 62, 192, 329. On 1
nd re '

_ _ . . . .^ . Mood-

ey's Almanacks, and record of Remark-
able Providences, 379. At the church
organization at Eieverly, 512. Cited
on Hale, U9.

Higdnson, Nathaniel, 1670^ 120^ 121.

Hinhouse, Rachel, 4^.

Hinckley, Thomas, Governor of Plym-
outh, 157. Invites Phillips to settle
at Barnstable, 22j. Moodey's letter
to, about Cranfield's conduct, 371.
Cited, 500.

Hincksman, 588^

Hiscox, a Baptist, 329.

Hoar, Daniel, and others, 228, 247, ^87.

Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood, 1835, lLD^
587.

Hoar, George Frisbie^ 1846, LL.D., re-
searches by, respectmg the Hoar fiun-
ily, 587.

Hoar, Leonard, 1650, M.D., President,
228-252 and 587 -59a Mentioned,
167, 177, 178, 330, 550. At Wanstead,
in England, 229. His letter to Flint,
229. His hiffh standard of scholarship,
229, 243, 588. Recommends paper
books, 230. On music, 231. Invited

, to Boston, 2^3. Recommended and
elected to the Presidency, 233, 243.
Difficulties with, 236. Resigns, 240.
Quincy's remarks on, 239, 241. His
wife and relations, 244- 247, 587. Epi-
taph on, 247. General catalogue of
graduates by, 249; Latin verses by,
on it, 250. Graves and, 482. Kis
letter to Boyle, 588.

HoBART, Jeremiah, 1650, 2x4-219, 194,
211,212,510,550,586,587.

Hob ART, Joshua, of Southold, 1650^

2II-2M, 194, 55a Preacher at Bass-

river-siae, 51a
Hobart, Nekemiah, 1667, 167.
Hobart, Peter, of Hin^ham, 2 IX
Hobson, John, and widow, 388.
Hodgson, Jolm, 569.
Holland, Downing at, 32.
Holland, Jeremiah, 1645, I07, los.
HoUis, Thomas, 423.
Hollister, John, excommunicated, lis.
Holman, John and Anne, 299.
Holmes, AhUl, D.D., 56, 15^, 184.
Holmes, John, a student, 581.
Holmes, Robert and Jane, 581.
Holt, or Hoult, Edmund and Katfaanne,

78, 405, 410.
Holyday, Sir Leonard, 229^
Holyoke, Augustus, 1746, M.D., 134.
Holyoke, Elizur, 542.
Hooke, John, a student, and others, 557,

Hooke, miliam, 555, 558, 563.

Hooker, Dorothy, 365.

Hooker, John, conditional bequest to.

ifooKER, Samuel, of Farmington, 1653,

348-352,322,323,553.
Hooker, nomas, of Hartford, 66, 124,
„I44,. 345. 34«, 352. 353. 365, 542, 599.
Hopkins, Edward, Gov

t?a,

53:

ovemor, 348^ 352,

^ough, or Hough, Samuel, 5, 128, 131.

Hough, William, of New London, 392.

How, John, 413, 42r

Howard, Charles, Viscount Morpeth* 47.

Howard, Frances, marries Downing, 47.

Howard, Thomas, 34.

Howland, James, otf Plymouth, 498^

Hubbard, of Newport, a Baptist, 329.

Hubbard, Richard, of Ipswich, 1653,
342-343,322.323,553.

Hubbard, WUliam, 54, 342.

Hubbard, Wiijjam, of Ipswich, 1642,
54-62, 18, 167, t68. On MitcheU 151.
To marry Phillips, 226. On Harvard
Hall, 330. On Eliot, of Newton, 47&
On Shepard, 544. Eliot dted respect-
ing. 583-

Hull, rohn, mintmaster, 64, 126^ 377.
On Nathaniel Brewster, 72. Hoar
and, 233 -23j;. On Shepard, 328.

Humming of Mather, 413.

Humphrey, John, Assistant, i, 17.

Hunt, a student, 56^.

Hussv, John, ana wife, Quakers, 591.

Hutcninson, Ann, 103, 104, 489.

Hutchinson, Thomas, 1727, J. C. D^ on
Downing, 46. Manuscripts of, resoied
from a mob, 56. On Hubbard and his
History of New England, 57, 59. On
Stoughton's administration, 202, 203.

Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, 24,
34. 43-

INDEX.

609

Ince, Jonathan, 1650^ 256-358» 194,
300, 301. 36i» 5S^'

Indian language, studied by Thomson,
356; by Cotton, 497, 504, 507. Bible

' and other works in the, 507, ^08^ J9S.

Indians, scholars, 125. Hostility of Pe*
. quot, 142, 143. Bum Lancaster, 31S.
Treatment of Praying, 337. Captured
and killed, ^95. York destroyed and
Dummer killed by, 474. Hurried off
to Deer Island, 507. Their ships or
canoes, 589.

Inglefield, in Berks, 23.

Intemperance, 4^8, 461.

Ipswich, Massachusetts, ^4, 167.

Ireland, Brewster and others accompany
Harry Cromwell to, 69, 81. Condition
of, 71.

Isles of Shoals, 127- 13a

Jackson, Edward, 106.

Jacobs, Ann, 378.

James, Duke of York, seizure of New

Netherland by. 41.
%mes, John, 398.
Jamestown, shipments in the, to Ireland,

158.

(anvrin, Georce, of Portsmouth, 37a
eake, Samuel, astrologer, 94, 95.
efferys, at Portsmouth, 370.
effiries, George, brutal treatment of Lady
Lisle by, 245.
Tlennerf of Tredagh, 81.
ewet, Nehemiah, 387.
; ewett, Joseph, J42, 388* 554. 5^> 563-
fohnson, a Baptist, 329.
[ 'Ohnson, Edward, 8, 257.
] OHNSON, Robert, 1045, 123, 102, 127.
\ ydknson, Samuel, D.D., of Stratford, 123.
\ bhnson, Thomas, 1661, 578.
bhnson, William, 123.
ohnaon, William, Lieutenant, 55.
ONES, John, 1643. 77-78, 74, 584-
ones, John, 1690, 570.
ones, Thomas, 352.
ones, William, of New Haven, 375.
ndd, Sylvester, on Bowers, 192.

Lake, Thomas. 344, 437, 551, 558, 571.

Lamberton, George, lost at sea, 68.

Lamson, Alvan, of Dedham, 1814, D.D.,
98.

Lancaster, Massachusetts, 314, 318, 366.

Lathrop, Thomas, Captain, killed, 511.

Latin language, conversing in the, 231,
267.

Law, Jonathan, Governor, 532.

LawsoH, Deadat, 129, 451.

Leach, 567.

Lee, John, and others, 254, 255.

Leisler, Jacob, Dudley and, 202.

Leverett, John, Major-General, 151, 369.
On Hoar and Oakes, 178, 235, 236.

Leverett, John, 1680^ President, 171, 423,
483.

Leverett, Thomas, Elder, 586.
LeveringUm, John^ 69.
Libraries, Hoar on, 230, 59a
Lingardf yokn, D.D., LL.D., on Down-
ing, 44.
Lisle, Alice, or Alicia, execution of, 244.
Lisle, John, assassinated, 244.
Little^ Ephrmm, 1695, 502.
Loeffs, Isaac, 303.
Londonderry, settlement of, 466.
Long, Joshua, 1653. 362, 358, 55^.
Longhome, or Langhome, 295, 382, 38^
Long Island, formerly Nassau Island,

213.
Lord, Richard, of Hartford, 324, 534.
Lorie, or Laurii, Gilbert, 129.
Lowell, John, of Newbury, 388.
Lucas, 6earge Clark, loa
Ludlow, Roger and Sarah, 73.
Ly<m, Richard, Mildmay's tutor, 165,
547, 548, 549-

McKean, Joseph, 17

Malbone, Richard

Maiden, 269, 403.

Mallary, Thomas, 187.

Manning, William, of Cambridge, 174.

Marlborough, Ma^achusetts, 125, 529.

- • • - Of Phil-

and Samuel, 550.

Marriage, sermon before, 91*
lips, authorized, 226. Wigglesworth's,
281,282.
Marston, Benjamin, 171.
Marston, Thomas, 539.
Marten, Robert, 103.
Martha's Vineyard, Wigelesworth at, 263.
on Anthony Wood, Mayhew and Cotton there, 497.
Marvell, Andrew, on Downing, 45.
Maryland, Allertons in, 254.
Kimberley, TEomas and Eleazer, 579. Mason, John, Major, 124.
King, Ma^, marries Ichabod Chauncy, Mason, Kobert, Moooey and, 372, 374.

3qS. Mason and Goiges, lod, 513.

Kmssley* James Luce, dted, 586. Massachusetts Colonial Charter, agents

Kitcheli, Kobert and Joanna, 569. sent to defend the, I96» Surrender of

39 pvim«df«73ij»eii.]

Kemp, Patience, 574.
Kendell, John, 572.
JCennet, WhUe, D.D.,

24-
KiUinghaU, IC4.
' Tnoin

6io

INDEX.

the, opposed, 197, 419. Plymoath and
Maine embraced in the, 422, 561.

Massachusetts Election Anniversary, 411.

Masters of Arts, 14, 412, 554. Detri-
ments from, 390. See Degrees.

Materia prima, 94-96.

Mather, Cotton, 1678, D.D., dted respect-
ing Eaton, 4; Benjamin Woodbndge,
20; Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, 23;

iohn Wilson, of Medfield, 6$ ; Samuel
father, 79; Samuel Daziforth, 88;
the Haitford controversy, iii; John
Brock and his Remarkables, I2Q ; Jon-
athan Mitchel, 141, 149. On John Rog-
ers, 169; Urian Oakes, 173, 1S2; John
Collins, 186, 187; Stoughton, 200;
Hoar, 234, 238. Returns home from
college, 235, 242. Cited respecting
Wigglesworth, 262, 276, 279 ; the Day
of Doom, 272 ; Shepard, 331 ; Whitine,
Woodbridge, and Wakeman, 346;
Hooker, 350; Eleazar Mather, 407,
408; Increase Mather, 410-425, 431.
Settled as his father's colleague, 423.
Book of, on witchcraft, approved l^
his father, 43$. His Right Way to
shake off a Viper, 467. On Dununer,
472» 473> On John Eliot, of Newton,
4761 479 On Cotton's studying the
Indian language, A97. On a Spanish
Indian servant, 596.

MATHBRt Eleazar, 1656, 405-409, 263,
416, 531. 562, 585.

Mather^ Increase, 1656^ D.D., Presi-
dent, 4x0-470, 58, 63. Memorandum
by, on Dunster's manuscripts, 140. On
^litchel, Thacher, and the storm on the
New England coast, 142, 143, 145, lU.
Votes for Rogers to be President, 107.
Cited respecting Oakes, 181. Oldest
surviving graduate, 213, 438. On
Hoar, and Cotton Mather's return
from college, 235, 242. Diary of, in
1675, cited, 241. Books to, from Mrs.
Usher, 246. Cited respecting Wig^
glesworth, 262, 263, 276, 277. PupU
of Wigglesworth, 265. On Wiggles-
worth's second mamage, 281. Note
to, respecting Nowell's funeral, 340.
Cited on Eleazar Mather, 406, 409.
His religious anxiety, doubts, and re-
lief, 411, 415. His classmates and
others leave coll^, 411. His Ra-
maean strains at Commencement, 4x2.
At Dublin University, 412. At Giiem-
sey and other places, 413. Returns to
New England, 414. Settlement of, in
Boston, 415. Member of the synod 01
1662, 4x5. On Baptism, 4x5, 593.
Vanquished by Mitchel, 415. Part
taken by, in the Reforming Synod, 417.
Declines the Presidency of the Col-
lege, 418. Temporary President, 4x9.

Speech o^ against snrrexidering the
Massachusetts charter, 419. Ijetten
of, intercepted, 420. Agent to Eng-
land, ^i, J22. Called Rector, 424.
Administration by, 425. His views of
witchcraft, 425, 434, 451. Oppodtioo
to, 425. Non-residenoe of, at Cam-
bridge, 425, 428. Succeeded by Wil-
lard, 429U Invited to carry an address
to George the First, 431. Death and

funeral of, 4^2. His idea of Toleration, "
His letter to Dudley, 414.
;ious Impressions, 434. Hu

will, 436. His £unilv, 437, 463. Note
on the catalogue ot his works, 469.
Cited on Thomas Graves, 482. Wis-
wall and, 561. On John Oliver, ^5.
Epistle of, cited on Antipaedobaptists,
593. Letters to, by Anthonv Wood,
595. His visits to Cambridge made
on horseback, 597. His n^^ro, 597.

Mather, Nathaniel, 1647, 157- 161,
X41, 413, 548. Cited respectmg Bel-
linsham, 63 ; Samuel Mather's orphans
and works, 85-87; on contributions
to Bostonians, 158. Death of^ 159, 19a
Cited on Collins, 189 ; on Glover aind
Malbone, 550.

Mather, Nathaniel, of Salem, 1685, 437-

Mather, Richard, of Dorchester, 65, 78^
143. 157. 405, 4l6» 496-

Mather, Samuel, of Dublin, 1643, 78-
87. I45» I57» 412.

Mather, Samuel, of Witney, England,
1690, 437-

Mather, Warham, of New Haven, 1685,
408.

Matthews, Marmaduke, 269, 403.

Matthsws, Mordecai, 1655, 403-404,

389.
Maxwell, a student, drowned, 451.
Mayhew, TTkcmas, at Martha's Vineyard,

497.
Mayo, John, 583, 554-
Mazarin, Cardinal, Downing and, 31.
Mead, Matthew, 423.
Mears, John, 577.
Medfield, Massachusetts, 66.
Medicine and divinity both studied, 167.
Meeting-house, raismg oC in Billerica,

AujmPi

fegafolensis, Samuel, 563.
Memmack River, source of the, 257.
Middletown, Connecticut, 118.
Mi^hill, Thomas, 1663, 582.
Milam, John, 133.
Mildmay, Sir Henry, 164, 229.
Mildmay, Sir Thomas, 165.
Mildmay, Wxlliam, 1647, 164-165,

141,547.
Miles, Richard, Mary, and Jonathan, 258.
Military discipline, wane of, 341.
Millara, Jane, Quaker, 289.

INDEX.

6ii

Millerd, John, of Salem, 344.

Milton, John, the poet, 32.

Ministers, maintenance o( 458.

Minor, Thomas, Diary of, 354, 495.

Mitchel, David, letter to, 144, 154.

MiTCHELy Jonathan, 1647, 141 -161,
548. Alcock's bequest to, 125. On
Brock, 129. Letter oi^ to his brother,
144, 154. Preaches at Hartford, 144.
Settlement oU at Cambridge, 145.
Fellow of the College, 145. Proposes
septennial subscriptions, 146^ Morton
quoted respecting, i46. His sermons
and style of preaching, 14S. Dunster

, and, 148- 150. Conservative on Bap-
tism, 149, 155, 329. Befriends What-
ley and Gone, 15a Part taken by, in
the synod of 1662, i<o, 155. Licenser
of the press, 151. Writes a petition to
his Majesty, 151. Opinion of Baxter
and others respecting, 151. Death of^
152, 174. Family of, 153. Wiggles-
worth on shutting his stable door, 268.
Mather and, 41^. Eliot and, 418.
Cited on Shepard, 543.

Mitchel, Jonathan, 1^7, 153.

Mitchel, Matthew, 141, 142.

Mitchel, Samuel, 1681, 153.

Monck, or Monk, George, General, 186,
187.

Monis, Judah, 469.

Monitors in college, J09.

MooDEv, Joshua , of Portsmouth, 1653,

^XrJ^ 358, 359, 554, 571, 592.
Phillips preaches for, 227, 374. De-
clines the Presidency of the College,
275, 375. Trial and imprisonment of,
372-374. Invited to Boston, 374. De-
clines an invitation to New Haven,
375. Returns to Portsmouth, 376.
Aids English and wife, accused ot
witchcraft, 376, 377. Death and fu-
neral of, 377. Quotations from his
will, 378. His £sunily, 378. His
Election Sermon, J79. Almanacs
kept by him, 379. £xhortation by, to
a condemned malefactor, 379, 447. At
Dummer's ordination, 472.

Moodey, Samuel, 1697, 474.

Moodey, William, 367.

Moody, a student, 571.

More, Francis, of Cambridge, 384.

Morgan, James, of New London, 391.

Mortimer, George, 158b

Morton, Nathaniel, dted respecting
Mitchel, 146 ; Eliot of Newton, 478.

Mosman, James, of Roxbury, 297.

Moulton, William, of Hampton, 539.

Mountfort, Anne, 476.

Mudp;e, Thomas and Martha, 282.

Mullins, Priscilla, 574.

Music, Hoar on, 231. Wigglesworth on,
264. At Plymouth, 501.

Mtttie, a student, 571.
Mvles, Catharine, 336.
Myles, John, of Rehoboth, 490.

Narragansett Swamp-Fight, 19 Decem-
ber, 1675. 48. 537-

Nason, Elias, 518.

Nassau Island, now Long Island, 213.

Nativity, Allin and his, 96

Navigation Act, 40.

Neal, Daniel, 57.

Nelson, Phillip, of Rowley, 1654, 384-
388, 555. Quarrel of, with Phillips,
222, 385.

Nelson, Thomas, and family, 384.

Neonomianism, opposed oy Chauncy,
304-306.

Nesbit, John, the "Mr. Nisby" in Addi-
son's Spectator, 304.

Nevis, the island, 30, 77, 308.

Newark, New Jersey, 103.

Newberry, Rebecca and Thomas, 117.

Newell, William, 1824, D.D., iq5.

New England, early provision for educa-
tion in, 7, 15, 28, 131, 177. Preferment
of men of, in England, 157, 55^. God's
Controversy with, by Wigglesworth,
273. Vindication of, 448. Apprehen-
sions for, 4c J, 461.

New England Version of the Psalms, 165,
500.

New England's First-Fruits, cited, 7.

Newgate, or Newdigate, 106, 421.

New Haven, Moodey invited to, 374.

New London, 3S5, 390-392.

Newman, AtUifas, 512.

Newman, Noaky 2^^.

NeTvman, Samuel, of Rehoboth, 554, 595.

Newman, Sybel, of Rehoboth, 490.

New Netherland, seizure of^ 41, 42.

New-Towne, college at, i. Called Cam-
bridge, 2, 9.

New York, seizure of, 41, 42.

Nicholas, Richard, Colonel, takes pos-
session of New Netherland, 41.

Nichols, Randall, 567.

Nipmuck country, 198, 395.

Noddle's Island, now East Boston, Bap-
tist meetings at, 329.

Nonconformity, Cranfield's attempt to
enforce the taws against, 371. See Act
of Uniformity.

Norris, Edward, of Salem, 344.

Norton, Colonel, befriends Cakes, 174.

Norton, Elizabeth and William, 58-

Norton^ John, of Boston, 54, 72. Samuel
Dudley's bequest to, 295. Increase
Mather with, 410. 411. Visited by
Whalley and Goflfe, 577.

Nowell, Increase, facts respecting, 335.

Nowell, Parnell, 335.

6l2

INDEX.

NowKLL, Samuel, 1653. 335-342, 322»
553, 592. Agent to England, 339.
Colonial papers committed to, 339.
College Treasurer, 340. Quincy on,
34a Death of, 340. His wife, 340.

Noyes, James ^ of Newbury, 21, 517.

Noyes, James, 1659, 393, 576.

Nayes, Moses, 1659, 576.

Noyes, Nicholas, 1667, 216.

Oakes, Edward, 1679, 183.

Oakes, Edward, a student, 555.

Oakes, Thomas, 1662, 422, 522, 5S2.

Oakes, Urian, 1649, 173-185. Presi-
dent, 167, 334, 418, 548. Cited on Tol-
eration, 175. On schools, 177. His
connection with Hoar's difficulties,
178-180, 239, 240. His Presidency,
179. Death of, 180. Epitaph on, 182.
His family, 183. His Almanacks, 183.

Oakes, Urian, 1078, 183.

O'Calla^han, Edmund Burke, LL.D., on
Dowmng, 41.

Okey, John, Colonel, 30, 38, 39, 44-

Oldmixon, John, on Oakes, 174, 181. On
Hoar, 229.

Old South Church, Boston, 58.

Oliver, James, 106.

Oliver, James, 1680, 361, 483.

Oliver, John, of Rumney Marsh, 1645,
102-106, 585.

Oliver, John, a student, 581.

Oliver, Peter, 572.

Oliver, Peter, 437.

Oliver, Peter, of Shrewsbury, England,
1730, correspondence with, respecting
Hubbard's Manuscript History, 56.

Ormond, Marquis of, 35.

Osborn, Mrs , 77, 584.

Owen, John, D.D., of London, 303, 305.
Oxford University, Ward admitted to,
122.

Pabodie, William, Prisdlla, and Martha,

561, 574-
Packer, John, 356.
Paget's Tribe, 131.

Paige, Lucius Robinson, D.D., dted on
Graves and college expenses and pay-
ments, 480, 481. College Steward's
Account- Books recovered by, 547.

Paine, Robert, 1656, 470-471, 405,

562, 593.

Painter, William, Captain, 140.

Palfrey, John Gorham, 181 5, D.D.,
LL.D., on the British Navigation Act,
40. On Stone and ecclesiastical judg-
ments, III. On IJulkclcy, 399. On
the forged Mather letter, 420.

Palgrave, Richard, and otheis, 1261

Palmer, Joseph, 1820, M.D., labofs C3^
for the Triemual Catalogue, vi. Ne-
crology by, viL

Palmer, Samuel and Mehitabel, 493.

Palmore, Abraham, of Boston, 139.

Paper books, Hoar on, 230, 231.

Parish, Thomas, 1659, 574.

Parke, Richard, 572.

Parke, Robert and Thomas, 355.

Parker, John, of Boston, 563.

Parker, John, 1661, J7&

Parker, Tkomas,o{Nemharj^2i, 3^,47^

Pascal, Blaise, 205.

Patten, 560. ,

Payne, Stephen, of Rehoboth, 490.

Payne, William, of Ipswich, 343.

PaysoH, Edzaardf of Rowley, 1677, 226.

Peabody, Andrew Preston^ \w^ DJ).,
LL.D., 378.

Pear-trees, 532.

Pearce, Samuel and Mary, 60.

Pearson, John, of Rowley, 386.

Peck^ Jeremiah, 569.

Peirce, Benjamin, 1801, on Increase
Mather, 434.

PsLHAM, Nathaniel, 1651, 300, 552,

r. Lost at sea, 300^ 301, 361.
, Thomas, 68.

Pen, James, of Boston, 139.

Pepys, Samuel, on Downing, 34, 37, 43.

Perry, Gardner Braman, D.D.» 490.

Perry, Seth, 169.

Peters, Hugh, 25, 48, 583.

Phantom ship, lost at sea, X17, 346.

Philip's War, contributions from Ireland
in the time of, 158. Lancaster de-
stroyed in, 318. Narragansett Swamp-
Fieht in, 337. Treatment of Praying
Indians in, J38, 507, 598. Sudbury
fight, 386. Treat's expedition in, 393.
Bulkeley and Noyes in, 393. A judg-
ment, 417.

Philips, John, of Charlestown, 421.

Philip, John, of Wrentham, England,

Phillips, George, of Watertown, 221.

Phillips, George, of Brookhaven, 1686,
73. 226.

Phillips, John, 1735, LL-D., founder of
Phillips Exeter Academy, 227.

Phillips, Jonathan, monument by, at
Rowley, 226.

Philups, Samuel, of Rowley, 1650, 221 -
228, 194, 54^, 550. Accusation against,
hy Rogers^ widow, and controversy
with Nelson, 222, 385. Invited to
succeed Walley at Barnstable, 223.
Preaches for Moodey, 227, 374.

Phillips, Samuel, of Salem, 487.

Phillips, Samuel, of Andover, 1708. 4S7.

Phillips, Samuel, of Andover, 1734, one
of the founders of the Academy, 227.

INDEX.

613

Phillips, Samuel, 1771, LL.D., 227.

Phillips, Wendell, 1830, 227.

Philosophical Society, 418.

Phippen, Georffe Dean, 17a

Phips, Sir WUliam, 59, 200^ 573, 598.
Compared to Jason, 59. Amvafo^
with a new charter, 200, 422. Connec-
tion of; with the witchcraft trials, 200,
201. Goes to England, 202, 523. Ex-
pedition o^ 343» 387* 513. SI8- Cited,
439. Negatives Cooke, 523.

Physicians, AUin on licensing, 96.

Pidcerin^, John, buys land of Downing, 29.

PUrce^ John^ X793, D.D., and Triennial
Catalogues, v.

PUrpant, James^ 1681, 351, 534.

PUrpoftt, Jonathan^ 1685, 129.

PiersoHj Ah^akam, 193, 570.

Pike, John, 1675, 378. 473-

Pitkin, Timothy, ated on Hooker, 350.

Pixford Bay, V^pnia, 357.

Placing students m the classes, 259^ 260.

Plague, in London, 93. Stirk's c(eath hf
the, 134-136-

Plymoutn, ecclesiastical matters in, dur-
ing Cotton's ministry, 497 - <02.

Plymouth Colony, union of, with Massa-
chusetts and Maine, and not with New
York, 422.

Portsmouth, contributions from, for the
College, 368. Church at, organized,
and Joshua Moodey ordained, 369.

Powell, 558, SS9.

Prayers, morning and eTening, 12.
Brock's, 129. Torrey's, 565.

Presb^erians, in Connecticut, 391.
Umon of, with Congregationalists in
England, 423. Settlement of London-
derry by, 460.

Price, %iif, D.D., 187.

Prima Materia, 94-96.

Prince, Tkcmas, 1707, dted respecting

Sriod of study, 16. Uses Huobard's
istory, 57. Editor of Mitchel's
golden Letter, 1C4. On works attrib-
uted to Increase Mather, 446, 448, 449,
4S2, M» Catalogue of his New Eng-
land Libranr, 469. On Graves and
Bulkeley, 4&1. On Samuel Torrey, 564.

Prior, Matthew, 73.

Providences, 129, 379, 446.

Psalms, New England Version of the,
165. Ainsworth's, 500.

Punishments in college, 12, 15, 121, 243,
314-

grnchon, 534. 54?.

Pyrotechny, by George Stirk, 135.

Quaboag, now Brookiield, 395.
Quaestiones, in 1642, 17. Ctf the class of
1653 in 1655, 322; and in 1656, 358.

Of 1657 in 1660, 488. Of 1656 in 1659,
593. See Theses.

Quakers, Oakes on, 176- Hobart and,
216, 586. Cotton and the, at Hamp-
ton, 288, 590. Dummer and, 472.
Floggd, 591.

Quickiyokn, meeting-house o^ 340.

Quincy, Daniel, marriage of, 334.

Quincy, Edmund, 1699, 246, 479.

Quincv, Josiah, 1790, LL.D., President,
on Hoar's (Residency, 178, 239. On
Nowell, 340. On Increase Mather, 429.

Quo warranto against the Massachusetts
charter, 339.

Rainsford, Jonathan, and others, 212.

Randolph, Edward, 45, 197. Downing
to prepare instructions for, 45. Phil-
lips imprisoned on account of, 225.
Persons represented by, as factious,
339. Hostility of; to Increase Mather,
420, 421. Citeid respecting Graves, 482.

Rantoul, Robert, on Beverly, and John
Hale's ministry, 509, 515.

Rawson, Edward, 1653, 359-360, 35*.

553-

Rawson, Edward, Secretary, 566.

Rawson, Grindall, 1678, 66l

Rawson's Lane, in Boston, 359.

Rayner, John, 1663, 582.

Read, John, 1697, on Torrey, 566W

Reading, Hoar's hints on, 230.

Remarkables, in the life of Brock, 129.
Recorded by Moodey, 379. Mather
on, 446.

Reyner, Humfrey, 123, 280.

Rhode Island, delegation to, from the
First Church in Boston, 104.

Richards, John, Captain, College Treas-
urer, 167, 340.

Richardson, Amos, J71, 572.

Richardson, John, x866, 227, 238, 239.

Riddell, Archibald, lOO.

Ridgley, Thomas, 304.

Rings, at Oakes's funeral, 181.

Rishworth, Edward and Mary, 474.

Robbery, by scholars, 121.

Robbins, Chandler, 1829, D.D., on In-
crease Mather, 414. On Quincy's
opinion of Mather's administration,
429. Mather's will cited by, 436

Robbins, Richard, 567.

Robie, Henry, 373.

Rogers, Daniel, 1686, 171.

Rimrs, EaekUl, of Rowley, 79, 384, 574.
Controversy with the widow o( 222,

385-

Rogers, Ezekiel, 1659^ 574.

Rogers, John, 1649, 106- 171. Presi-
dent, 58, 59, i8a Nathaniel Mather's
letter to, 157.

6l4

INDEX.

Rogers^ John^ 1684, I7i*
Rogers^ NcUfUmUl^ of Ipswich, 59, 166,
171.

Rossiter, Bryan and Elizabeth, 506.

RowLANDsoN^ JosBPH, of Lancaster and
Wethersfield, 1652, 311-321. De-
clines a chaplaincy, 319, 337. Settled
at Wethersfield, 320, 396.

Rowlandson, Mary, daughter of John
White, captured by Indians, 31S. Al-
lowance to, 321.

Rowlandson, Thomas, killed, 319.

Rowley, Samuel Mather assists Rogers
at, 79. Johnson dies at, 123. Brodc
at, 123, 127. Ilobart's ministry there,
214. Phillips at, 221. Quarrel be-
tween Nelson and Phillips at, 222, 385.
Shepard and Payson at, 2261 Phillips
monument at, 22)5.

Ruck, 421.

Ruggies^ Thomas, 1690, 531.

Rumney Marsh, Oliver to give religions
instruction at, 104.

Russell, a Baptist, 329.

Russell, Daniel, 1609, 239^ 32JL

Russell, James, Treasurer, 55&.

Russell, John, of Hadley, 1645, iio-
118, 102, 34ilS, 4961 Whalley and
GoiTe with, 113.

Russell, Jonathan, of Barnstable, 1675,
"6.378W

Russell^ N<fadiah, 1681, 120.

Russell, Richard, 186.

Russell, Samuel, of Deerfield, 1681, 346.

Rutherforth, Henry, of New Haven, 563.

Rye, in Sussex, England, 93.

Sack, at Commencement, 253, cca

Saddle, 548.

Salary, Brewster's, 72. Russell's, 113,

Saddle, C48.

V, Brewster's, 72.
116. Rogers's, 167. Hobart's^ 215^

217. Phillips's, 222. Rowlandson's,
316. Whiting's, 363. Bulkeley's, 390,
Mather's, 4x0. Symmes's, 490, 492.
Cotton's, 497. Hale's, 510.

Saltonstali, Hsnry, 16^, 67, 18.

Saltonstall, Nathaniel, i6j9, 573.

SaltonsUlI, Sir Richard, 07.

Sanborn, John, of Hampton, 539.

Savage, Abijah, 1659, 573.

Savage, Elizabeth, 63, 64.

Savage, James, 1803, LL.D., 48. Finds
a copy of the earliest catalogue of
graduates, 249.

Sawyer, successor of Woodbridge, 23.

Scarfs, at Oakes's funeral, 181.

Scholarships, 302, 549, 560.

Schools and early education in New

Engkmd, 7-9, 28» 131. Oakes on the
encouragement o^ 177. Shepard on*
330.

Scobell, Henry, 71.

Seabury, Samuel, student, 574.

Sennott, a student, 552.

Sewall, Samuel, 1671, writes about Bel-
lingham's property, 63, 64. On Stow,
120^ 121 ; John Brock, 129. His con-
fession and Stoi]Lghton'8 remark, 301.
On Usher and his wife, 24.5, 246. On
Holyoke's allusion to Wiggles woith,
28a On Mather's escape to England,
421. Cited on Graves and his Ibncral
and family, 483 ; on Cotton at Ply-
mouth, 502, 504; about Cooke*s re-
turn, 523.

Sewall, Samuel, of Burlington, 1804, on
Wigglesworth and Deacon RamadeU,
280. On Hannah Dustin, 318.

Sewall, Stephen, of Salem, Major, 154.

Sewel, William, dted respecting Cottoo
and Quakers, 288; Dunmier and
Quakers, 472.

Seymour, a student, 563.

Shapleigh, Nicholas, Major, 288L

Shaw, Lemuel, 1800, LL.D., 183.

Sheafie, Maimet, J75.

Sheep-skins, Downing on dressing, 43.

Shepard, Edward, 353.

Shepard, Jeremiah, 1669, 61, 333. 542.

Shepard; Margaret, i$x.

Shepard, Samuel, ofKowley, 1658^ 54^-
544, 226, 530^ 572. Hooker writes re-
specfting, 598.

Shepard, Samuel, 1685, 544.

Shepard, Thomas, of Cambridge, 3, 77.
Interferes for Briscoe, 3. Settloient
and ministry of^ lO, 327. Desires the
settlement of Mitchel, 145. Widow <tf,
marries Mitchel, 153. Cited respect-
ing Collins, 186. Works o^ in the
Indian language, 508, 598.

Shepard, Thomas, of Chsu-lestown, 1653,
327-335. »29, 184, 322, 542, 553. Con-
duct ot, as Fellow, and in relation to
Hoar, 167, 239, 241, 331, 349. Mather
dted respectmff, 241. Befriends Row-
landson and wire, 3x9. His Commence-
ment part in 1655, 322. Difficulty about
a successor to, 482.

Shepard, Thomas, of Charlestown, 1676,

333> 334*

Sherlock, James, Marshal, 37 x.

Sherman, Bezaleel, 1661, 578.

Sherman, John, 153, 156, 184, x8j, 207,
334. Epitaph hy, on Mitchel, 152.
Cited respecting Oakes, 181.

Sherman, Yohn, Commissioner to the
source o/^Merrimack River, 257. Col-
lege Steward, 579.

Shoes and shoe-mending, 384, 389, 481.

Shore, Samson, 348.

INDEX.

615

Skevet George, of Taunton, 554.
Shrimpton, Samuel, of Boston, 392.
Simsbury, Samuel Stow at, 119.
Singing, mode of, at Plymouth, 501.
Sir, use of the word, 17.
Sleeping in meeting, 367.
Slouffhter, Henry, Governor, 215.
SmaU-pox, 331.
Smith, Peter, and others, 94, 109, no,

296, 471.
Somers Islands, 131, 133-140.
Southertown, Massachusetts, 495.
Southold, Long Island, 211, 213.
Sparhawk, Nathaniel, of Cambridge, 282.
Spelling of early names in New England,

212, 549.
Spencer, Roger, 573.
Sprague, Richard, Captain, 483.
Sprint, Sdmuei, 303.
Squier, 571.
Stanton, Thomas, 324.
Staples, Thomas and Mary, 581.
Starr, AUerton and Benjamin, 255.
Sr^x, Srjtxx, or Starre, Comfort^

1647, 162, 141.
Starkey. See Stirk.
Stedman, John, 484, 558* 563.
Stedman, Robert, 567.
Stevens, Sir John, 85.
Stevenson, Andrew, 572.
Steward's Account-Eiooks, 480, C47, 549.
StiUman, Elias, Mgodey at the ^ouae o(

374.
Smgs, Ewra^ D.D., LL.D., President, 161.
Stirk, George, 131, 133.
Stirk, Gborgb, 1646, 131-1371 124,

194-

208,

140.585-
Itoddard, Anthony, 48.
Stoddard, Simeon, 246.
Stoddard, Solomon, 1662, 408, 455, 459,

^ 463* 578.

Stondon Massey, in Essex, England, 121.

Stone, Daniel, 558.

Stone, Edwin Martin, dted on Hale, 513.

Stone, Gregory, and others, 222, 3U,
547.

Stone, John, of Hellingley, in England,

.,353. ,

Stone, John, 1653, 353-353. 3a«. 553-

Stone, Samuel, of Hartford, 1 10^ 11 1, 118,
345. 35^ 353f 580. Sends for Mitchel
to preach at Hartford, 144. Opposes
Wu^glesworth, 265. Cotton lives with,

Stone, Samuel, 393, 394, 579.
Stonington and Southertown, 495.
Storm on the New England coast, 78*

142, 157-
Story, William, and others, 286, 496.
Stoughton, Elizabeth, 13^.
Stoughton, Israel, i. Second wife of,

133. Notice of, 194. Bequest by, to

the College, 195.

Stoughton, William, 1650,
"33. i?i. 339. 549, 586. To Drocure
President in England, 179, 180, 203.

Stoughton Hall, 203, 204.

Stow, John and Elizabeth, 118.

Stoiv, Samuel, of Middletown, Connecti-
cut, 1645, 118- 122, 102, 585.

Stow, Massachusetts, 126.

Students, placing of, in the classes, 259,
26a

Studies in college, 9, 13, 16, 229.

Stuyvesant tree, J32.

Sudbury, Massachusetts, 103, 297.

386.
iulphur vive, 136, 137.

Fight,

Si _

Sunday, use of the word, 505.
Sunderland, John and Mary, 212.
Sweatman, Thomas, 353, 549, s6a

Switzer, Seth, ^67.

Sarah, wife

of Hough and

Symmes,
Brock, 131.

es, Tnomas, 1698, 493.

Ees, William and Mary, 566.
es, Zechariah, of Charlestown, 131,
'328, 329.
SvMMES, Zechariah, of Bradford, 1657,

489-494, 488, 567.
Symonds, Samuel, Deputy-Governor,

487,568.
Synod of 1662, 150^ 155, 391, 415, 417.

Talcott, John and Mary, of Cambridge
and Hartford, 117.

Talcott, John, Major, of Hartford, expe-
dition ol, 395.

Talcott, Samuel, 1658, 541-542, 530.

^573. , ^ ^ .

Tanner, Arthur, Captain, 421.

TaMan, David, 1771, D.D., Professor,

Taylor, Edward, of Westfield, 1671, 325.

Taylor, Joseph, 1669, 239.

Temple, Sir William, 44.

Thacher, Anthony, shipwrecked, 142.

Thacher, James, M. D., on Cotton, 497.

Thacher, Peter, 1671, 241, 242.

Thacher, Thomas, 233, 334, 565. Licen-

ser of the press, 417.
Thatcher, Samuel and Hannah, 581.
Thayer, Jfames Bradley, 1852, LL.B., 593.
Theses, in 1642, 17. In 1643, 74. See

Quaestiones.
Thomas, Evan, 574.
Thomas, Moses George, 366.
Thompson, Anthony and Bridget, 193.
Thomson, William, 1653, 354-357*

322, 553-
Thomdike, John, of Beverly, 511.
Thurloe, John, Downing Secretary to, 31.
Thursday lecture, at Ipswich, 167.
TUlotson, John, D.D., Archbishop, 422.

6i6

INDEX.

Titus, Henry, 587.

Tobacco, 367, 481, 509, 543.

Toleration, Oakes on, 175. Views of,
in the Election Sermons of Stoughton,
Oakes, and Torrcy, 328.

Tompson, Benjamin, 1662. 61, 580.

Tompson^ Edward^ 1684, lines by, on Sea-
bom Cotton. 291.

TomtsoHy WUliam^ of Braintree, and
others, 354.

Toppan, Abraham and Samuel, 282.

Topsfield, 214.

Thrrty^ Samuel, of Weymouth, 16. His
Election Sermon, 32& On Cotton,
502. Account of, 564.

Torrey, William, Captain, 55.

Tory, or Torrey, a Baptist, 329.

Touteville, Margaret, 327.

Tower of London, Downing in the, 44,

45-

Townsend, Penn, 246.

Traske, William, Captain, 29.

Treat, tames, of Wethersfield, 357.

Treat, Richard, 357, 401.

Treat, Robert, filajor, 35a Expedition
^^* 393* 394- 'I'o take care of Bulkeley
and Noyes, 393.

Treat, Thomas, of Glastenbury, 40a

Tredawa, Nathaniel, 572.

Triennial Catalogues, improved, iii. In-
terleaved, iv. Notices o( v. First,
prepared by Hoar, 249.

Truesdale, Richard, 559.

Trumble, a Baptist, 329.
. TVumbuli, Benjamin, D.D., on Bulkeley,
399.

Trumbull, James Hammond, zvi. On
Stone, 353, 580. On Thomson, ^354,
355. On uneasiness in Connecticut,
a«a Bulkeley, 391,397.399-402. On
Will and Doom, 401.

TUfts, ^kn, 1708, 292.

Tufts, Peter, 292.

Turner, a Baptist, 329.

Tutors' Pasture, 53.

Turisse, William, D.D , 26.

Tyng, Edward, 563.

Tyng, William, 334, 361.

Underbill, John, Captain, 102, 103.

Underwood, 385.

University Press, Cambridge, 382.

l/pham, Charles fVentwortJk, 182 1, on
Downing, 29, 31-40. Sermon l^
Ames, in his library, 109. On Stirk,
134. On Holyoke, 134. On Stough-
ton and the witchcraft delusion, 201.
On Paine, 47a On Mrs. Hale, and
the witchcraft delusion, 514.

Usher, Herekiah, 341, 344, 148. 352.

Usher, Hezekiah, and his wife, 245.

Vane, Sir Harry, in Boston, 287.
Vassall, William, and others, ai2.
Vipers, Right Way to Shake o£^ 467.

W.
Wabaquasset, fort and com at, destroyed.

husett, Indians at, 338^ 394.
Wade, Jonathan and Prudence, 292.
tVadsfoortJk, Benjamin, 1690, Presldeiit,

interest of, in the CoUe^ Records, xi.

Visits Albany, 213. Cited reroectiiig

Usher's, previously Hoar's, wife, 246.

Index l^, 389.
Wainwright, John and Elizabeth, 581.
WaJkeman, Samuel, of Fairfield, l£
Waldegrave, Elizabeth and Thomas, 30a
Waldenses in Piedmont, 31, 32.
Waldron, Richard, Major, of Dover, 32a.
Wales, Elizabeth, 109.
Walker, Robert, of Boston, 567.
Walker^ Zechariak, account oi, 567.
Walley, John and Sarah, 304.
Wlalley, Thomas, 498, 554.
Walter, Nehemiak, of Rozbury» 1684,

437.
Walver, Abraham, 1647, 163, 141, 559.
Waiver, a student, 559.
Wau>, James, 1645, i^' ~ i^* i<^^
Ward, Jvalhaniel, of Ipswich, 121.
Ward, Samuel, in Phips's ezpedttioa,

Wardel, Eliakim and Lydia, Quakeis,

288,590.
Ware, /fenry, 1812, D.D., dted, 86.
Ware, William, shoemaker, 559.
Warham,J^hn, no, 11&
Warren, Thomas, 2d.
Washburn, Emory, LL.D., Governor, on

Stoughton, 203. On Phillips's aocosa-

tion of Randolph, 225.
Watertown, Massachusetts, 67, 221.
Watson, Caleb, 1661, 578.
WatU, Isaac, D.D., 159, 303.
Way, Aaron, 421.
Webster, John, attempt to discipline, in,

112.
Weld, Daniel, 1661, 578.
Weld, Edmund, 1650, 220, 194, 55a
Weld, Joseph, of Rozbury, io8» 121.
Welde, Joseph, a student, 121.
Weld, Thomas, of Dunstable, 1671, 66.
Welde, Thomas, of Rozbury, i, 2, 89^

121, 22a
Welles, Thomas, Governor, 496.
Welsh, Thomas, 558, 559, 572.
Wenboume, John, student, 576.
Wethersfield, Connecticut, theological

difficulty at, no- 112. Mitchel at,

142. S»eabom Cotton and John Cot*

INDEX.

617

ton at, 287, 496. Rowlandson settled
at, 320. Baikeley*8 ministiy at, 393.
Talcott at, 541.

Whallejs Edward, 113, 5^4. At Hadley,
113. Burial-place ol, 115. Remit-
tances to, from England, 1 16. Grave-
stone mistaken for his, 261. In Bos-
ton and Cambridge, 577.

Wharton, Edward, Quaker, 2S9.

Wharton, Richard, dead, 63.

Wheelwright, John, 103, 3^3, 370, 475.

Whipping of students, 12, 15, 121, 243,

314-
Wnitcomb, James, Rowlandson and

wife tenants of, 319.
White, John, 1685, 344.
White, John, of Gloucester, 1698, 437,

487.
White, John and Mary, of Lancaster,

mkiti.

fe, Nathaniel^ of Bermuda, 133, 137,
138, 140.

White, Nathaniel^ 1646, 137-140,
124, 133, 548i

White, Thomas, of Sudbury, 558.

Whiting, John, Mayor of B^ton, Eng-
land, 363.

Whiting, John, of Hartford, 1653, 343-
347, "7, 190. 322, 323, 375, 533, 553.
Controversy of, with lus colleague,

545* 533-
Whiting, John, 1657, 525-527, 488.
Whiting, John, 1685, kSled, 366^
Whiting, jMeph, i66i, 578.
Whiting, Joseph, 1690, 366.
Whiting, Joseph, of New Haven, 117.
Whiting, Samuel, of Lynn, 219, 363.
Whiting, Samuel, of Billerica, 1653,

363-3^»358»553-
Whiting, William, of Hartford, 343.
Whitman, Zechariah, 1668, 126.
Whitmore, William Henry, 448 -45a
Whitteridge, Thomas, ana wife, 343.
Whittingham, Richard, 577.
Whittingham, William, 1660, 577.
Wigglesworth, Edward, 259, 260.
Wisglesworth, Edward, Professor, 17 10,

Wigglesworth, Michael, 165 i, 259-
286, 129, 551, 59a Marriage of, 269,
280. Death of his wife, 270, 280. His
Day of Doom, 271, 284; its popularity,
272. Voyage of, to Bermuda, 272.
dod's Controversy with New Eng-
land by, 273. His Meat out of the
Eater, 274, 284. Probably thought of
for the Presidency of the College, 27J.
Ministers associated with, 275. Physi-
cian, 276, 279. Cited as to the witch-
craft delusion, 277, 285. Inscription
on his gravestone, 280. President.
Holyoke's allusion to, at Commence-
ment, 280. His second marriage and

the objections, 281. His third wife
and his letters, 282, 28^. His charac-
ter, 283. Cited respecting Butler, 298.
Elegy of, on Buncker, 535.

Wifrht, Danforth Phipps, 1815, M.D.,
viL

Will and Doom, by Bulkeley, 401.

Willard, Joseph, 1816, dted, 311, 317.

Willard, Samuel, 16^9, 203, 573. His
visit to English, wno was accused of
witchcraft, 376 Vice-Presidency of,

Willar^Sidney, 1798, v.
Willard, Simon, 211, 257.
Willet, Thomas, Mayor of New York,

35i» 479-
William, Prince of Orange, godfiither to

William Downing, 48.
Williams, Daniel, Isaac Chauncy and,

304,306.
miliams, John, 1683, 408.
Williams, Nathaniel, a student, 582.
Williams, William, of Hatfield, 1683, 292.
Willis, George, Governor of Connecticut,

w'flK, Henrr, 586.

Willis, Hezekiah, Secretary of Connecti-
cut, 219.
Willis, Samuel, of Hartford, 1653,

323-325.322,532,549-
Willoughby, Francis, Deputy-Governor,

151, 556.

Willoughby, Jonathan, and relatives, 556.

Wilson, John, of Boston, i, 2, 65, 91, 105.

Wilson, John, 1642, 65-66, 5, 18, 195.

WUson, Walter, on Nathaniel Mather,
159. On Collins, 187. On Isaac
Qiauncy, 303.

Wdson, Waiiam, D.D., Prebendary of
St. Paul's, in London, 65.

Winship, 572.

Winslow, Josiah, Governor, 16.

Winter, Samuel, D.D., accompanies Har-
ry Cromwell to Ireland, 81.

Winthrop, John, Governor, i, 17, 67, 74,
294. To take order for a coIle|g;e, i.
Cited respecting Eaton and Bnscoe,
2-6; on the first Commencement, 15.
Related to Downing, 28; to Hugh
Peters, 29. On John Oliver, 105.

Winthrop, John, Major, 324.

Winthrop, Robert Cnarles, 1828, LL.D.,

Winthrop, Waitstill, 486, 579.

Winthrop, William, 1770, Triennial of,
iv.

WipsuiTerage, 125.

Wiswall, Enoch, of Dorchester, 106.

Wiswall, Ichabod, of Duxbury, 16, 560.

Witchcraft, connection of Stoughton,
Wigglesworth, and Sewall with, 200,
277, 285. Recompense to heirs of suf-
ferers, 278. Mason and Willis to ex*

6i8

INDEX.

amine into, 334. Moodey aids Engliah
when accused of, 376. Increase Ma-
ther on, A25. 434, 451. Foreman of
the grand jury in the trials, 47a
Graves dissatisfied with the trials ior,
483. Part taken in, by Hale, 514.

Witfiam, Katherine, 384.

Wood, Anthony, Athenae Ozonienses o(
cited respecdnff Benjamin Wood-
bridge, 21, 23. Critidsed by Mather,
23; by Calamy, 24; 1^ Burnet, 24;
by Kennet, 24. On Downing, 45. On
Iienry Saltonstall, 67. On Samuel
Mather, 81. Letters oi, to Increase
Mather, C9C. His method, 595.

Wood, furnished to Hobart, 217, 218 ; to
Wic^esworth, 276, 277; to Bulkley,
390; to Emerson, 48$; to Symmes,

Woodbridge, New Jersey, AUin at, 99.

fVoODBXIDGB, BSNyjtMWt X642, 20 - 73, 1&

fVoodhrufge^ JMkn, of Andover, 21.
WbodM^re, John, 1694* 53*
lVoodbri4ge. Tmctky, 1675, 325.
Woodward, Peter and Wmiam, 559.
Woolsey, Benjamin, 213.
Worcester, batde d, 31.
Workshop, for the students, 58^ m.
Wrentham, England, Ames at, igSl
Writing, compensation for, 256, 560.
Wybome, John and Thomas, 578.
Wyeth, a student, 5761
Wyllis, the name, 323.

York, James, Duke o( seizure of New

Netherland by, 41.
York, Maine, Dummer minister at. 472.

Destroyed by Indians, ^73.
Youngs^ John, of Soatfaold»

213.

END OF THE FIRST VOLUME.

CMnbridia: Priated bf Wckfa, Bicdow, ud Compuy.

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Leverett Saltonstall, 1844, LL.B.
Peter Thatcher.

NEW TOBK. N. T.
Astor Library.
Walter T. Avery.
George Blagden, 1856.
George Bliss, 1851, LL.B.
Joseph Hodges Choate, 1852, LL.B.
John Richard Dennett, 1862.
Evert Augustus Duyckinck.
Francis Ormond French, 1857, LL.B.
Charles Dexter Gambrill, 1854.
Wendell Phillips Garrison, 1861.
Isaac John Greenwood, two copies.
Luther Manard Jones.
George Henry Moore, LL.D., ten

copies.
Peter Buder Ohiey, 1864, LL.B.
Samuel Osgood, 1832, D.D.
Martyn Paine, 1813, M.D., LL.D.,

five copies.
Prof. Charles Short, 1846, LL.D.
Leopold Wallach.
Francis Minot Weld, 186a, M.D.

NORTH Bnj.ERTCA.

Rev. Elias Nason.

OTTAWA,

Library of Parliament.

PHILADELFHIA, Fjr.
George William Childs.
Richard Theodore Greener, 1870
Bloomfield Haynes Moore, five

copies.
J. Alfred Kay.
George W. Toland.

PRINCETON, N. J.
Prof. Henry Clay Cameron.

SUBSCRIBERS.

fbovidbnce; r. l
George F. Almy, two copies.
George T. Paine.
Rev. Augustus Woodbury.

QTTiKcnr.
Charles Francis Adams, 1825, LLD.
Peter Butler.
James Morison, 1844, M.D.

RAin)OLFH.

Ebenezer Alden, 1808, M.D.

READIKO, Ohio.
Thomas Spooner.

ROZBURT.
Charles Frederic Bradford.

Samuel Page Andrews, 1833.
Joseph Hardy Millet Bertram.
William Crowninshield Endicott,

1847.
Abner Cheney Goodell.
WiUiam Mack, 1833, M.D.
Henry Kemble Oliver, 1818.
Charles Warwick Palfray, 1835, LL.B.
George Dean Phippen.
Frederic W. Putnam.
Benjamin Hodges Silsbee, 1831.
Henry Wheatland, 1832, M.D.

SAN FRAKCIBCO, CftL
Horace Davis, 1849.

B0T7TH KATIGK.
Rev. Horatio Alger, 1825.

SPBINOFDELD.

Eugene Nelson Aston, 1874.

eUCCABUVSA, K. J.

Rev. Elijah Woodward Stoddard.

ITi'UBVlLLB, FtL

Ebenezer Rumford Thompson, 1816.

TROY, N. Y.

Benjamin Homer Hall, 1851.
William Howard Hart.

UNTTED STATES KAVY.

George Henry Preble.
Joseph Adams Smith.

WASmKGTOK, D. O.

Bureau of Education.

WATERynUV Me.
Prof. Charles Edward Hamlin.

WAYLAND.

David Lee ChUd, 1817.

WESTFORD.
♦John WiUiam Pitt Abbot, 1827,
LL.B., two copies.

WEBIOK.
Frank Winthrop Bigdow, 1854, LL.B.

WEST ROXBURY.

Rev. Augustus Mellen Haskell, 1856.

WmnKOTOK, DeL

Willard Hall, 1799, five copies.

WORCESTER
Antiquarian Society Library.
George Frisbie Hoar, 1846^ LL.D.
Ellis Peterson, 1853.
Public Library.
Stephen Salisbury, 1817, five copies.

YELLOW SFBIKaS, Ohio.

Ex.-Pres. George Washington Hos-
mer, 1826^ D.D.

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