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B   3    56b   OMO 


4^fe^ 


SINHALESE 


This  syttem  taaches  you  the  eas«ntlalf  of 
ft  tanguag«  (for  travel  and  enjoyment) 
without  the  drudgery  of  prolonged  study 


5'- 


Nn 


By 


Don  M.  de  ZILVA  WICKREMASINGHi 

Author  of 

Tamil  Self*Taught 

Tamil  Grammar  Saif-Taught,  &c. 

London :   E.  MAfU-fiOROUCH  A  CO.  LTD. 


Marlborough's 

Self-Taught   Series 

of 
European  and  Oriental  Languages 


DESIGNED  primarily  for  TOURISTS  and  TRAVEL- 
LERS in  Foreign  lands  who,  without  previous 
knowledge  of  the  Language,  desire  to  express  themselves 
sufficiently  to  be  understood,  these  books  also  form  a  good 
foundation  for  the  more  seriously  minded  student. 

The  Method  followed  throughout  the  Scries  is  to  give 
Classified  vocabularies  and  Conversational  Phrases  under 
Subjects,  arranged  in  three  columns  giving  first  the  English 
word  or  phrase,  second  the  Foreign  equivalent,  and  third 
the  English  phonetic  pronunciation.  This  latter  column 
makes  correct  pronunciation  a  simple  matter.  A  section 
on  Elementary  Grammar  is  included  in  most  cases  and 
deals  with  the  construction  of  sentences  and  any  special 
pcculiarites  of  the  language,  such  as  Genders,  Tenses,  Con^ 
jugation  of  Verbs,  etc.  For  the  more  important  languages 
a  separate  volume  on  Grammar  is  published  containing,  in 
addition  to  a  thorough  treatise  on  Grammar,  Exercises  for 
translation. 


These  books  can  he  obtained  through  any  bookseller. 
POIl  COMPLETE  LIST  OF  LANGUAGES   SEE   PA&E  4   OF   COVLM 


^1  k 


^ 


^>/x 


Marlborough's    Self-Taught  Series. 


SinDalese 
SelfCauflbt 

by  the  Natural  Method 


-WITH 


Phonetic    Pronunciation 


THIMM'S 


SYSTEM 


BY 


Don  M.  de  Z.  WICKRBMASINQHE, 

Hon.    M.A.  (Oxon) 

Epigraphist  to  the  Ceylon  Government.    Lecturer  on  Tamil  and 

Teltigti  in  the  University  of  Oxford,  and  on  Pali  and  Prakrit  for 

Jesus  College,  Oxford.     Author  of  "  Tamil  Self-Taught," 

"  Tamil  Grammar  Self-Taught,"  etc. 


PRINTED    IN    GREAT    BRITAIN 
LONDON 

E.  Marlborough  &z  Co.,  Ltd. 


ALL  RIGHTS   RSSBRVSO 


TO 

The  Honourable  Mr.  F.  H.  M.  CORBET, 

ADVOCATE-GENERAL   OF    MADRAS, 

I    DEDICATE   THESE    PAGES, 

AS   A   TOKEN 

OF   SINCERE   GRATITUDE 

FOR   HELP   AND    ENCOURAGEMENT 

AFFORDED    ME    IN    MY    LINGUISTIC    STUDIES. 

M.  DE  Z.  WICKRERIASINGHE. 


LETCH  WORTH 

THE  GARDEN  CITY  PRESS  LTD., 

PRINTERS. 


Printed  and  Made  in  Great  Britain. 


PREFACE. 


THIS  manual  is  intended  to  supply  a  working  knowled'ge  of  Sinhalese, 
for  the  benefit,  primarily,  of  those  who  have  not  the  time,  or, 
perhaps,  the  inclination,  to  master  the  Grammar  of  the  language,  and 
yet  require  to  use  the  spoken  tongue  for  business  or  other  purposes. 

With  this  object  in  view,  I  have  compiled  the  present  work  mainly 
on  the  lines  of  my  Tamil  Self-Taught,  with  the  addition  of  an 
outline  of  the  Grammar  of  Sinhalese,  pending  the  publication  of  a 
separate  volume  of  Grammar. 

Having  regard  to  the  needs  of  students  who  work  without  a  Teacher, 
I  have  devoted  some  pages  wholly  to  the  subject  of  pronunciation, 
and  have  given  the  transliteration  of  all  the  Sinhalese  words  occurring 
in  the  grammar  section  of  the  work,  side  by  side  with  the  Sinhalese 
character. 

In  the  scheme  of  transliteration  I  have  used  full-faced  type  to  mark 
the  aspirate,  instead  of  attaching  the  usual  h  to  the  aspirated  con- 
sonant, on  the  principle  of  "  one  sign  for  one  sign  "  :  e.  g.,  ssi  =  k,  and 
^  =  k,  not  kh.  This,  I  consider,  is  practically  useful  in  the  trans- 
literation of  Prakrit  and  modern  Indian  dialects,  for  it  will  enable 
the  reader  to  distinguish  at  a  glance  the  difference  between,  say, 
(5sitS523^  rathaka,  a  red  conch  shell,  and  (5(5<553  rathaka  (raiaka), 
a  small  chariot,  unless,  as  in  the  "  P^pigraphia  Zeylanica  ",  a  small 
hyphen  is  added  between  the  two  elements  to  show  that  the  sound 
in  question  is  a  true  double  sound.  Again,  Cf:i  and  <$^  have  been 
represented  by  a  and  5,  not,  as  is  usual  in  Ceylon,  by  e  and  e,  these 
sounds  being  only  modifications  of  the  sounds  of  ^  a  and  Cp  a. 

Further,  as  a  guide  to  the  proper  intonation  of  Sinhalese  words, 
I  have  indicated  those  vowels  which  are  pronounced  fully  with  a  sort 
of  "stress  accent"  by  the  mark  of  the  acute  accent  placed  above 
them.  I  have  not  done  this,  however,  in  the  section  containing  the 
Vransl iterated  vocabularies,  idiomatic  phrases,  and  sentences,  because 

585 


there  the  correct  pronunciation  of  every  Sinhalese  word  xs  indicated 
in  the  third  column  of  each  page  by  means  of  Marlborough's  system 
of  English  phonetics. 

This  work  being  designed  purely  for  practical  use,  the  rules  and 
explanations  given  in  the  grammar  section  are  scarcely  intended  for 
students  entering  on  a  scientific  investigation  of  the  Sinhalese 
language.  For  them  a  separate  grammar  and  an  etymological  and 
historical  lexicon  founded  on  the  latest  results  of  Prakrit  philology 
are  under  preparation. 

M.  DE  Z.  W. 

Oxford,  1916. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

The  Alphabet  and  Pronunciation 

7 

Vowels 

9 

Consonants    . . 

10 

Table  of  Syllabic  Characters 

..     12-17 

The  Phonetic  Pronunciation 

18 

The  Tonic  Accent 

20 

Vocabularies  (Classified). — Pages  21-71. 

Animals,  Vegetables,  &c. — 

Animals,  Birds,  Fishes  and  Insects 

...    23 

Trees,  Fruits,  Flowers,  Vegetables,  &c.     . . 

25 

Colours    . . 

27 

Commercial  and  Trading  Terms 

46 

Correspondence . . 

50 

Fishing   . . 

51 

House  and  Furniture,  The 

40 

Land  and  Water 

21 

Mankind 

3! 

Body,  The  Human 

32 

Cooking  and  Table  Utensils 

37 

Dress  and  the  Toilet 

37 

Food  and  Drink        

35 

Health            

33 

Washing  List 

39 

Minerals  and  Metals     . . 

22 

Numbers,  Cardinal 

53 

Ordinal 

54 

Collective       . .         

55 

Parts  of  Speech  : — 

Adjectives 

55 

Adverbs,  Conjunctions,  Prepositions,  &c. 

67 

Verba 

59 

Post  Office  and  Telegrams 

50 

Professions  and  Trades 

42 

Shooting,  Fishing,  Sic. 

51 

Times  and  Seasons 

28 

Town  and  Country 

30 

Travelling 

44 

World,  The        ^ 

21 

m 


CONTENTS. 


Outline  of  Grammar. — Pages  72-93. 
Articles 
Nouns     . . 
Pronouns ;  Personal 
Demonstrative 
Interrogative . . 
Verbs 


Conversational  Phrases 
Changing  Money 
Commercial  anrl  Trading 
Expressions  and  Phrases 
Fishing  . . 
Health  .. 
Hotel,  The 
Meals 

Breakfast 

Dinner 

Tea     .. 
Monej^  Changing 

Sinhalese  Currency 

Sinhalese     Money   wi 


AND  Sentences. 


Useful  and  Necessary  Tdiomafcic  . 


(Pages  94-117). 


ith    EngUsh   and   American    Equivalen 

EngUsh   and   American    Money   with    Sinhalese    Equivalent: 

Notices    . . 

Planting 

Post  Office  and  Telegrams 
Public  Works 
Railway,  The 
Shooting 
Shopping 
Time,  The 
Town,  In 

Money,  Weights  and  Measures 

Postal  Rates 


102 


PAGE 

72 
74 
80 
83 
85 
86 

117 
112 

94 
111 
105 
101 
-104 
102 
103 
104 
117 
118 
118 
118 

98 
116 
106 
113 

99 
110 
109 
106 
107 

I  IS.  119 

.    119 


SINHALESE    SELF-TAUGHT. 


The  Alphabet  and  Pronunciation. 

The  modern  Sinhalese  alphabet  contains  fifty-four  letters, 
viz.  eighteen  vowels  and  thirty-six  consonants. 

From  these  are  formed  612  syllabic  characters,  which 
are,  with  the  exception  of  the  anusvdra  and  the  visarga, 
combinations  of  the  consonants  with  the  vowels  in  which 
the  consonantal  character  is  in  some  cases  slightly  modified 
in  form  and  has  a  vowel-sign  joined  to  it. 

Strictly  speaking,  only  five  primary  vowel-sounds  in  the 
Sinhalese  language  are  recognized  by  Sinhalese  grammarians. 
They  are  a,  i,  u,  e,  and  o.  Each  of  these,  however,  is 
represented  by  two  characters  which  stand  for  the  long  and 
the  short  sound  of  the  vowel  respectively,  and  there  are 
in  addition  eight  characters  representing  (1)  the  modified 
sounds  ci  and  ti  of  short  and  long  «,  (2)  the  Sanskrit  letters 
^  ?'?  "^  f  ^i^^l  ^  L  %  h  aii<^l  (3)  the  diphthongs  ai  and 
au.  There  are  thus  eighteen  characters  in  the  modern 
Sinhalese  alphabet  which  stand  for  vowel  sounds.  These 
are  used  in  two  different  ways,  that  is  to  say  : — 

(a)  Initially,  when  they  are  denoted  separately  by  regular 
letters  ; 

(b)  Medially,  or  following  and  joined  to  a  consonant  to 
form  a  syllable,  when  the  vowel  is  represented  by  a  sign 
(in  certain  instances  variable)  attached  to  the  consonantal 
character,  excepting  in  the  case  of  the  vowel  a,  which  is 
inherent  in  the  consonant  and  not  indicated  by  any  sign, 
it«-  ah'^ence  being  shown  either  by  a  looped  vertical  stroke 

(7) 


or  by  a  curved  one  (called  in  Sanskrit  the  virdma)  attached 
to  the  top  of  the  letter  (see  pp.  10,  11). 

In  the  following  tables,  pp.  9-11,  the  initial  and  medial 
forms  of  the  Sinhalese  vowels  are  given,  followed  by  the 
consonants,  and  to  all  are  added  tlieir  transliterative  (Roman) 
characters,  and  the  English  phonetic  signs  by  which  the 
Sinhalese  sounds  are  represented  in  the  third  column 
throughout  the  classified  Vocabularies  and  Conversations  of 
which  this  volume  chiefly  consists. 

On  pp.  12-17  are  the  syllabic  characters,  also  in  the 
Sinhalese  and  Roman  types. 


1.  Vowels  oy  panaknru  (Skt.  prdndksara,  *  life-letters ') 


Sinhalese  characters. 

Translitera- 
tion. 

Pronunciation. 

English 

Phonetic 

Signs.* 

Initiah 

Mediah 

? 

a 

Like  u  in  cut,  bun,  or  a  in 

u,  u 

America,  or  e  in  other. 

filbert 

^ 

3 

a 

J5 

a  m  father,  car 

ah 

^l 

I 

a 

5? 

a  in  cat,  mat 

a 

^1 

? 

a 

J^ 

a  in  ran,  van 

a 

^ 

o 

i 

JJ 

i  or  2/  in  /'z/?/ 

i 

<i  5« 

o 

I 

?^ 

I  in  routine,  or  ee  in 

ee 

c 

c  or  ^. 

u 

J? 

z<  in  jow^j  or  oo  in  ^oo^ 

o^b 

'    C"^ 

^  or  ^, 

it 

5? 

?^  in  rule,  or  oo  in  fool 

00 

&J3 

3 

V 

5J 

ri   in   cricA:   (approxi- 
mately) 

r 

C3aa 

aa 

f 

5^ 

r  in  c?e2^  well  trilled 
(approximately) 

r 

GS 

°) 

^ 

5? 

li    in    c/ip     (approxi- 
mately) 

/ 

C3^ 

<9 

I 

?J 

lue  in  c/we 

i 

a 

® 

e 

Ji 

e  in  e^^^,  e/^oi^ 

e 

e 

e^-for^' 

^ 

?? 

a  in  able,  pane 

ay 

®^a 

6\® 

ai 

?? 

i  in  mine,  or  / 

i 

® 

©^-0 

0 

J^ 

0  in  pot 

o 

© 

®-J 

0 

J? 

0  in  wo^/e 

oA 

•      ®<0 

®-a) 

au 

a 

01^  in  now,  cow 

otv 

*  Th«  notes  on  pronunciation  on  pp.  18-20  serve  to  emphasize  the  distinctive 
character  of  the  phonetic  signs. 


10 


2.   CoxsovAXTS  or  (/(itdl-nru  (Skt.  fiafrdlmra,  ^body-letters'): — 


Sinhalese 
characters 

Trans- 
literation 

Pronunciation. 

English 

Plionetic 

Signs. 

S55* 

/c 

Lik< 

2  k  \\\  kite 

k 

e 

A: 

5? 

ckh  in  XocMfl/'^  (approximately), 
i.e.  an  aspirated  k 

k 

65 

9 
S 

?? 

g  in  regard 

yh  in  foghorn  (approximately), 
i.  e.  an  aspirated  g 

S 
g 

n 

c 

55 
55 

ng  in  song 
ch  in  church 

ng 
c 

d' 

c 

55 

ch-h   in    church-house  (approxi- 
mately)^ i.e.  an  aspirated  c 

ch 

j 
I 

n 

55 
J3 

j  in  ja)n 

an  aspirated  j  sound 

the  sound  of  the  Spanish  n,  or  n 

j 
j 
ay 

© 

t 

55 

in  cognac 
t  in  /^rc* 

t 

df 

t 

55 

an  aspirated  t  Siumd,  approxi- 
mately like  t-h  in  pot-herb 

t 

© 

d 

5) 

d  in  door 

d 

df 

d 

55 

an  aspirated  c?  sound,  approxi- 
mately like  dh  in  adhere 

d 

-^ 

n 

Cerebral  w  uttered   with   the  tip    of 

n 

the    tongue    turned    up    and 

drawn   back   so   as   to   touch 

tlie   roof  of  the  dome  of  the 

palate 

*  The  short  vowel  Qf,  a  is  inherent  in  the  consonant.  Its  absence  is  marked 
as  above  by  the  virania  sign   T  or  '^.     Tluis  C3!^  =  A-,    Z^  -  ha  ;   ©  =  c,   ©  =  ca. 

When  a  vowel  other  than  short  a  is  pronounced  innnediutely  after  a  consonant, 
tlie  fornier  is  indicated  by  the  medial  vowel  sign  attached  to  the  consonant,  as 
23^  -  Aa,   25^0  =  kd,   aS  -  Id,  ^       kl,  kc.     (See  pp.  12-17.) 


11 


Sinhalese 
characters. 

Trans 
literation. 

Pronunciation. 

• 

English 

Phonetic 

Signs. 

i5i 

/ 

Like  th  in  ivith,  thermometer 

th 

< 

t 
d 
d 
n 

Aspirated  th  sound 

Like  th  in  these 

Aspirated  th  sound  (next  above) 

Like  n  in  not 

th 

th 

th 

n 

d 

P 
P 

„     p  in  pot 
Aspirated    p    sound,    approximately 

like  ph  in  shepherd 
Like  b  in  but 

P 
P 

b 

td' 

b 

Aspirated    b     sound,    approximately 
like  bh  in  abhor 

b 

® 
-      d 

■i 

171 

y 

r 

I 

V 

As  in  English 

??      ;?          53 

??         33               53 

l^etween  v  and  ?/;  of  Eno-lish 

m 

y 

r 
1 
w 

L^ 

s 

Palatal  s  havln<i'  a  sound  between  *• 
and  sh 

s 

d 

s 

Like  sh  in  cus'iioii 

sh 

d 

s 

„      5  in  sister 

s 

cd 

h 

As  in  English 

h 

^ 

I 

Cerebral   /,   pronounced    by    turning 
up   the  tip   of  the  tongue  so 
as  to  touch  the   roof  of  the 

/ 

o 

c 

If,    TIL 

palate 

Like  7ig  in  song 

A   soft   semi-nasal   sound   commonly 
called  sahnaka    being    always 
attached  to  a  consonant 

ng 

8 

h 

A  guttural  like  ch  in  the  Scotch  word 
loch  (approximately) 

ch 

12 


The  tbllowing  table  shows  liow  the  eighteen  medial-vowel 

thereby  producing 


i 

a 
a 

a 

1 

a 

<^ 

d 

i 

1 

!< 

l7 

r 

f 

6 

<'t 

f^ 

255 

2550 

2551 

255^ 

'^ 

'^ 

^ 

^ 

2553 

25533 

k 

ka 

/:« 

M 

X'^- 

ki 

kl 

A://, 

/tw 

^r 

kf 

^ 

6) 

0^3 

6)1 

6)^ 

S 

9^ 

S 

s 

6)a 

©33 

k 

ka 

kd 

ita 

A:5 

^i 

kl 

^w 

/ci7 

it/- 

Af 

cd 

GS5 

C533 

(25Z 

C55J 

dS 

cS 

^ 

^ 

25a 

coaa 

9 

(/a 

r/^ 

r/rt 

//« 

^« 

f^ 

yu 

^w 

^r 

^f 

d 

K5 

C33 

Ki 

^1 

S 

a 

% 

g 

^a 

^33 

g 

g(i 

^f/ 

ga 

^5 

^^ 

gf 

gu 

gd 

^/' 

gf 

© 

© 

€)3 

©I 

€)^ 

g 

© 

s 

g 

©a 

©33 

n 

fm 

i)d 

iid 

M 

ni 

in 

MM 

nil 

nr 

/If 

B 

€) 

©D 

t)i 

^I 

© 

© 

8 

§ 

aa 

€33 

c 

ca 

cd 

ca 

ca 

ci 

ce 

CM 

cr< 

cr 

cf 

& 

d 

d3 

€l 

d? 

S 

6 

5^ 

si 

da 

daa 

c 

ca 

Crt 

ca 

ca 

ci 

cl 

C// 

cw 

cr 

q' 

6 

d 

do 

c5z 

dj 

8 

6 

^ 

^ 

da 

da3 

J 

ja 

y^^ 

i''^ 

./« 

P 

P 

> 

i" 

ir 

if 

z£) 

sS) 

2^)3 

cSDz 

cS), 

25^ 

z^ 

25^1 

2^ 

SsDa 

j^aa 

i 

/« 

/'/ 

ia 

y/i 

n 

// 

/'< 

Id 

//• 

/f 

^ 

^ 

^^ 

^l 

'^_? 

'^ 

.^ 

^ 

^ 

^a 

,;S3q3? 

n 

na 

fid 

da 

da 

Hi 

dl 

du 

du 

dr 

wf 

Q 

0 

03 

01 

s? 

s 

3 

s 

a 

s. 

033 

t 

/« 

/« 

/« 

/a 

ti 

^7 

/m 

^« 

/r 

tr 

13 


signs  are  attached  to  the  foregoing  thirty-four  consonants, 
612  syllabic  characters  : — 


I 

I 

e 

e 

ai 

0 

6 

au 

o 

25^  «1 

'4S)<£ 

®255 

©^ 

©©i5^ 

©25^3 

(^•^^ 

©.  15^-1 

s:^ 

H 

kl 

ke 

ie 

k  ii 

^^^ 

ko 

kau 

A' 

Q)"\ 

c)^ 

©o) 

©a 

©©r) 

©C)D 

©-^i 

©^«) 

^ 

kl 

Id. 

ke 

^e 

A:/i 

ito 

ko 

kin 

it 

^^ 

©'9 

.©>053 

©^cd 

©©C5D 

©eD3 

G^i 

©.C5!)'i 

cd 

ol 

9l 

^^ 

^-6- 

gal 

//^^ 

Uo 

yau 

// 

t^"\ 

^<9 

©C3 

©ss 

©'©■53 

©esD 

©^.j" 

©£3'i 

d" 

gl 

gl 

5-^ 

^e 

gai 

g-o 

go 

giu 

^ 

e)"i 

€)<% 

©a 

©g) 

©©S) 

©E)3 

©s)cr 

©e)'n 

a 

H 

nl 

ne 

ne 

iiai 

no 

no 

ima 

71 

a-1 

a<9 

®^€) 

©© 

©®€) 

©€)o 

©aj 

©€)'o 

© 

cl 

cl 

ce 

c^ 

cfli 

CO 

CO 

cau 

C 

6°) 

p^cg 

®d 

©c!" 

©©^ 

©^0 

©eS'J 

©C^"i 

eT 

d 

cl 

ce 

ce 

cai 

CO 

CO 

cau 

c 

d") 

!5<S 

®d 

©d 

©©c5 

©do 

©dJ" 

©c5°i 

rf 

M 

Ji 

ye 

>^ 

jai 

> 

i^ 

jau 

i 

i^^ 

2^)^ 

©'25^ 

©2£) 

©©2sD 

©2^)3 

©g^d" 

©2£D") 

eS 

Ji 

// 

/^ 

/>: 

jai 

/o 

jo 

jaa 

/ 

nl 

nl 

ne 

/1e 

©©/£5S 
hai 

©/£5qO 

no 

©,;2^cr 
;1o 

'«?■ 
« 

Q)<n 

0^ 

©0 

©s 

©©0 

©03 

©0^ 

©0"! 

a 

U 

tl 

/e 

te 

/ai 

to 

/o- 

fau 

/ 

14 


!  Consonants 

1 

a,   II 
II 

a 

a 

_ 
d 

i 

I 

u 

u 

/• 

f 

s 

do 

■Zi 

c^? 

8 

a 

s 

^ 

ce)<i 

dbna 

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18 


Frouiinciation. 


'llie  student  is  recommended  to  master  the  pronunciation 
at  the  outset.  The  precise  use  and  value  of  each  phonetic 
sign  are  shown  on  pp.  9—11,  whicli  should  be  studied 
carefully.  The  following  additional  explanations  will  be 
of  service : — 

The  principles  on  which  Marlborough^s  system  of 
phonetics  is  based  are  :  (1)  the  employment  of  English 
characters  with  their  ordinary  pronunciation  (or  one  of  their 
sounds,  where  more  than  one)  with  as  sparing  a  use  as 
possible  of  diacritic  signs ;  and  (2)  one  sign,  one  sound. 
Where,  therefore,  a  ^  sign '  (i.e.  letter  or  letters)  might  be 
variously  sounded — and  this  applies  to  each  of  the  English 
vowels  and  some  of  the  consonants — its  particular  use  in 
the  scheme  of  phonetics  should  be  carefully  noted,  and 
each  sign  must  always  be  sounded  in  the  same  manner 
wherever  it  occurs  {one  sign,  one  sound) ;  any  letter  or 
combination  of  letters  printed  in  distinctive  type  (italics,  &c.) 
or  with  any  mark  added  has  a  special  use  which  must  be 
learnt.     Thus : — 

u  represents  (always  and  only)  the  sound  of  u  in  cut,  bun 

,5  „  e  in  other,  filbert 

„  „  a  in  father,  car 

)f  a  in  cat,  mat 
a  in  ran,  van 
i  or  «/  in  pity 
ee  in  meet,  or  i  in  routine 
u  in  put,  or  oo  in  good 
u  in  rulCy  or  oo  in  foot 
rl  in  crick  (approximately) 
reic  in  creiv  well  trilled 
li  in  clip  (approximately) 
lue  in  clue  „ 

e  in  egg,  elbow 


u 

3? 

}} 

ah 

?? 

3? 

a 

3J 

the  s 

;oui 

a 

3> 

33 

i 

5? 

33 

ee 

J3 

}} 

00 

J5 

53 

00 

}> 

33 

r 

3> 

33 

r 

»? 

33 

I 

}} 

V 

1 

}3 

ii 

e 

5* 

33 

r> 


19 


ay  represents  the  sound  of  a  in    able,  pane   (i.  e.   a   simple 

sound,  not  diphthongized) 

i  „  „  i  in  mine,  or  / 

o  „  ,5  0  in  pot 

oh         5,  .,  0  in  noble 

ow        „  „  oiv  in  cotv,  noiv 

k  ,,  „  k  in  kite 

if  .,  .,  ckJi  in  Lockhart  (approximately), 

i.e.  an  aspirated  k  sound 
.,  „  g  in  regard 

g  „  5,  gh    in  foghorn   (approximately), 

i.e.  an  aspirated  g 

n^        ,,  „  ng  in  5o?2^,  i.  e.  a  guttural  na^al 

c  represents  (always  and  only)  the  sound  of  cA  in  church 

cli       „  „  ,,  55  ch-h  in  church-huuse 

(approximately),i.e. 
an  aspirate  ch  sound 

J  jj  5?  3^  j^         y  in  jam 

j   an  aspirated  y  sound 

ny  represents  (always  and  only)  the  sound  of  the  Spanish  h 
or  n  in  cognac  (approximately) 

t   represents  (always  and  only)  the  sound  of  t  in  two 

t  aspirated  t  sound,  approximately  like  th  in  pot-herb 

d  represents  (always  and  only)  the  sound  of  d  in  door 

d  an  aspirated  d  sound,  approximately  like  dh  in  adhere 

n  a  cerebral  n  sound,  see  Alphabet,  p.  lo 

t_h   represents  (always  and  only)  the  sound  of  th  in  with^ 
thermometer 

th  represents  aspirated  t_h  sound 


th 

th 

n 

the  sound  of  th  in  these 

aspirated  th  sound  (next  preceding) 

the  sound  of  n  in  not 

P 
P 

„           p  in  pot 
aspirated  p  sound,  approximately  like  ph  in 
shepherd 

20 


b  represents  the  sound  of  b  in  but 

b  „  aspirated  b   sound,  approximately  like    bh   m 

abhor 
m  as  in  English 

y 


?J 

55 

5? 

55 

?5 

55 

?? 

55 

1 

w 

5  represents  a  sound  between  s  and  sh 

sh        „  the  sound  of  sh  in  cushion 

s  „  „  5  in  5i5^er 

h    as  in  English 

/  cerebral  /  sound,  see  Alphabet,  p.  ii 

ng  represents  the  sound  of  ng  in  song 

ch  5,  „  ch    in    the    Scotch    word    loch, 

approximately 
n,  m  represent  a  soft  semi-nasal  sound,  see  Alphabet,  p.  ii. 


Tonic  Accent. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the  first  syllable  of  a  Sinhalese 
word  has,  as  a  general  rule,  a  fuller  intonation  than  the 
remaining  syllables  of  the  word.*  For  the  sake  of  clearness, 
however,  vowels  which  are  pronounced  fully  wdth  a  certain 
amount  of  ^  stress  accent  ^  are  denoted  by  the  mark  of  the 
acute  accent  placed  above  them,  e.g.  vU^da-kala  kala  (vadii- 
ku/u  ku'lu). 

*  It  is  outside  the  scope  of  the  present  work  to  enter  into  a  discussion 
oi  the  shifting  of  the  accent. 


VOCABULARIES.* 


The  World.     {LoJca-visesa.) 


Enrlish. 


Air 

cloud 

cold 

darkness 

dew 

earth  (grou 

—  (soil) 
East 
fire 
fog 
heat 
light 
lightning 
moon 
moonlight 
nature 
North 
rain  (??.) 

rainbow 

shade 

sky 

South 

sun 

thunder 

water 

West 

wind 


nd) 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


Iiulahga,  vdtaya 

valdkida,  mega 

sitala,  hlta 

andura,  kaluvara 

pini 

polova 

pas 

ndgena-hira,  purva- 

(jini  [desa 

mihidum 

rasnaya,  mna 

eliya 

ciduUya 

hahda 

haiida-pdna 

ijatiya,  svabdva 

utura 

vdssa 

vahi7iavd  (past,  vm- 

dediuma  \sdj 

sevana,  hevana 

ahasa 

dakuna 

ira,  silrya 

giguruina 

vatiira,  diya 

hasnd-hira,     hata- 

kandtuva  [hira 


h6olii?l//gu,  wa///7iuyu 

wulrt/ikoo/u,  may^ii 

SQetJiulu,  hee^ii 

uh^Aooru,  ku/oowurii 

pini 

po/owu 

pus 

nage^iu-hirii,    poorwu- 

gini  [thay.su. 

mihi?//oom 

rusniiyu,  oos/mu 

eliyii 

wi^/<d61iyu 

huhtlm 

hunf/m-pa/mu 

gu^i}u  swub«/iwii 

ool^ooru 

wassu 

wuhinuwah  (wassa/i) 

thaytJiOonnvL 

sewCinii,  hewunu 

uhusu 

thukoonxi 

iru,  sooryu 

gigooroomu 

wu^ooru,  thiju 

busna/t-hiru,  butu-hiru 

koona/itoowu 


Land  and  Water. 


Bank  (of  river,  lake) 

coast 

foam 

hill 


tlraya 
verala 
pena 
kanda 


[Gocla  saha  diya.) 

theerxiyu. 
weruZu 
penu 
kun(7m 


*  For  the 
Nouns. 


ARTiCL,ES  in  Sinhalese  see  p.  72,  and  for  Gendkr  see  pp.  74-77,  anatu 
(21) 


22 


English. 

Sinhalese  (roinanized). 

Pronunciation. 

ice 

midicca  ditja 

mii/ticcu  thiyii 

island 

dvipaya,  div 

^/tweepuyu,  thivf 

lake 

vdva 

wawu 

land 

rjoda  Mm  a 

godu-bimu 

mountain 

hand  a 

kimt/di 

mud 

ma  da              [t  alar  a 

mudu                        [aJiwu 

plain 

sama    bima,    sama 

sumu  bimu,   sumu  thul- 

pond 

pokuna,  vila 

pokdo7iu,  will! 

river 

[laiiiia            [vataya 

gu?V/gii                     [^nyu 

rock 

gala,  pahajia,  par- 

gulii,    puhuwu,    purwu- 

sand 

vdli,  valla 

wali,  wallu     > 

sea 

miida 

moothu 

shore 

verala 

weriiln                  [^ooroo 

star 

tarakdva,  tari(,tmni 

^rt//riikrtAwu,     ^uroo 

storm 

knndtuva,mdnttaya 

kooDrt/itoowu,    mahiob- 

stream 

diyapdra,  dla 

thiyupaJivu,  alu      [/Tiiiyu 

tank 

vara 

wawu 

tide  (high,  low) 

vada-diya,  hd-diya 

vvudu-i/iiyu,  hah-tJdyu. 

valley 

kandii-pdtdle 

kuht/too-'pahthahlay 

water 

vatiira,  diya 

wnthobrii,  thiyu 

—  (fresh) 

hohda-vatara 

hon^Aii-wu/T/ooru 

—  (salt) 

lunn-vatura 

loo>'6o-wn^ooru 

waterfall 

diya-vdtwia,  prapd- 

i/<iyu-wateeinu,    prup^/t- 

wave 

rdlla y^l.rdli)   [taya 

rallu  (rali)               [^uyu 

well 

Hilda 

Ymt/m 

Minerals  a 

tid  Metals.     {Loha 

ddi  dkaraja  vastu.) 

Brass 

pitfala 

])iihtjiu\u 

bronze 

lokada 

lo//klKlu 

cement 

dmenti  haddnia 

simen//ii  huthahiniL 

chalk 

rata-hunu 

rutii  hobnob 

clay 

mdti 

mati 

coal 

rata  anyuru 

rutu  u?l//go6ro6 

copper 

tamba 

thnmhu 

coral 

pabalii 

pubu/oo 

diamond 

dii/anKOiti,  rid  lira 

f //iyumun ///i ,  \vif//ooroo 

emerald 

pacra,perdii(i^  )ii<n\i- 

puccu,    ]^((yv(>/tsii,   muru- 

glass 

ndiiru               \_kat(i 

weethobi-ob              [ku^u 

gold 
granite 

ratran 

vuthrun 

kaliiyal 

ku/(")0-gul 

gravel 

bo  raid 

boruloo 

'25 


English. 

Sinlialese  (roilianized). 

Pronuijciation. 

iron 

i/akada 

yukudu 

lead 

iyam 

eeyum 

lime 

hiinii 

ho6«oo 

marble 

kirigarunda 

kirigurdo??du 

mercury 

rasa-diya 

lusii-i/iiyu 

pearl 

miitu 

moo  ^00 

plumbago 

mmiran 

miniriin 

ruby 

ratukdtaya 

ru^ookatuyu 

sapphire 

nilhdtaya 

nilkatuyu 

silver 

rid  I 

rif/tee 

soda 

soda 

so//du 

steel 

vane 

wa/may 

stone 

aaia  (pi.  gal) 

gum  (gul) 

tin 

helek 

belek 

Animals,  Birds,  Fishes  and  Insects. 

(Mrya,  paksi,  maUya,  krmi  jdfi.) 

(For  Shopping  see  p.  109;   Meals,  pp.  102-104.) 


Animal 

tirisand,  (^JHyay^' 
kuhuml'iyd  (pi.  ku- 

thirii^iinah,  mrgHyah 

ant 

kdohooilibiyrt/i     (koo- 

humhi) 

hobilibi) 

barbet 

kottoruvd  (pi.  -vo) 

kottoAroowrt/i  (-woA) 

barking 

hirlma             [ruvai 

bireemu 

bark  (v.) 

hiiranavd   (pat   hi- 

booriinuwa/i  (biroowa//) 

bear 

valahd  (pi.  valassn) 

wulubrt/i  (wulussoo) 

—  (she-) 

rdlaliinni 

waluhinni 

bellow,  low  (v.) 

tdp-lanavd     (past 
-lava) 

^ap-lunuwrt/t  (-lawa/i) 

bird 

kuryUd(^l.  kurullo), 

kooroollrJi  (ko6roollo/i), 

paksi  yd  (pi.  -yd) 

puk.s/iiya/t  (-yo/i) 

bleating 

bdtalu  haiida 

batu/oo-hundu 

braying 

kotahi  handa 

kotuZoo-hundu 

bull      . 

gond  {^\.go7inii) 

gonali  (go n nob) 

calf 

vassd    (pi.  vasso, 

wussrt/i(wusso/<,  /.  wassee) 

f.  vdssl)     [f .  hidall) 

[]ee) 

cat 

halald  (pi.  balallu, 

bulula//  (buluUoo,  /.  balu- 

cattle 

harak 

huruk 

cock 

kiikuld  (pi.  kiiktilo) 

kookob/rt/i  (kobkoo/oA) 

cow 

dend,   dadend   (pi. 

thenah,     eluthenah 

-deiinu) 

{-thennob) 

crab 

kakiduvd 

kukob/obwa/t 

24 


English. 


crow 
dog 

donkey 

duck 

eagle 

eel 

elephant 

feather 

fish 

fox 

goat 

—  (she-) 
goose 
hair 
hare 
hen 
herd 
hoof 
horn 
horse 
lamb 

lapwing 

lion 

lobster 

mongoose 

monkey 

mosquito 

mouse 

mule 

neigh 

owl 

ox 

oysters 

parrot 

paw 

peafowl 

pig 

pigeon 
prawn 
quail 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


kajjutd,  kdkkd 
halld 

kotaluvd,  bfiruvd 
tdrdvi  (m.  tdrdvd) 
rdjdliyd 
diidd 

dtd  (pi.  dttii),  aliyd 
pihdtta  (pi.  jnhdtu) 
mdlii 

nariyd  (pi.  nari) 
eluvd  (pi.  eluvo) 
elii-dena 
pdttayd 
kes,  loma 
hdvd 
kikili 
pattiya 
kiiraya 
aiif/a  (pi.  am) 
(\a^val/3i  (pi.  asvayo) 
bdtalu-ndmbd, 

bdtalu-pdtavd 
kirald  (pi.  kirallii) 
dinhayd 
pokirissd 
mugatiyd 
vandurd 
maduruvd 
batu-miyd 
<r^vatara^ 
kJiUmava 
bakamiind 
(fond  {^\.  <i<mnu) 
kdvdtiyd  (pi.  kdvdti) 
(jiravd  (ipl.yirai-) 
■^iifnja-pddayct) 
monara{f>\.monarn) 
urd  (pi.  ilro) 
paravi}/d 
issd  (pi.  7.S.S0) 
ratiird  (i^l.vatuvo) 


Pronunciation. 

kupoota/t,  kahkUah 

hiiWah 

kotu/oowa/j,  hoordbwo/t 

thahiahwi  (thaJirah^xah) 

vah]ah\iyah 

ahhthah 

athah  (siththob) ,  uWyah 

piba/ittu  (pihaAtoo) 

ma// Zoo 

nuriya/t  (nuri) 

eloowah  (eZoowo/t) 

eloothenu 

^ahththnyah 

kes,  luhmu. 

hahvfah 

kikiZi 

puttiyu 

kooruyu 

nn{igi\,  ang 

u.swuyrt//  (u.swuyo/i) 

batu/oo -nrt  //  m  ha h,  ba i  u  - 

Zoo-patuwrt// 
kirula/i  (kirulloo) 
singhnyaJi 
pokirissa/i 
mo6giitiy«/t 
wundoorrt/t 
mui/<ooroowrt/i 
butoo-meejrt/i 
u.s\viit]inrii 
kooluniiw<//i 
bukumooiirt/* 
goiiah  (gonnoo) 
kah^'a/itiya/i  (kr///WY///ti) 
gii'uw(///  (gi^u^s•) 
mrgii-i^ahthuyu. 
moimrah  (mo?alroo) 
oorah  (ooro/j) 
puruwiyrt/j. 
issaJi  (issoA) 
\vutooNV«//  (wiitoowo//) 


25 


EnKlish. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

i-at 

mlyd  (pi.  miyo) 

meejah  (meeyo/j) 

salt  fish 

lunu-mdlu 

loo?io6-m«AZoo 

—       (dried) 

karavala 

kuruwulu 

salt-pan 

Innu-hara 

ldo^200-kuru 

shark 

mora  (pi.  morn) 

mohraJi  (mohroo) 

sheep 

bdtalurd  (pi.  -v6) 

batu/obwrtA  (-woA) 

shrimp 

kiini^^d  (pi.  -s.s'o) 

koomssah  (-sso//) 

silkworm 

patd-ixniu  vd[]A.  -v6) 

putii-pu?iOOwa/i  {-^Yoh) 

snake 

sar/iaijd  (pi.  -yd) 

surpuya/i  (-yo/i) 

snipe 

vaturd  (pi.  -vo) 

wutoowa/t  (-wo/i) 

sparrow 

(je-kurulld  (pi.  -llo) 

g«?/-kooroollrt/i  (-llo/i)    • 

spider 

makiilnvd  (pi.  -vo) 

mukoo/oowrt//  (-wo//) 

squirrel 

lend  (pi.  lennu) 

laynah  {\aynno6) 

stork 

kokd  (pi.  kokku) 

kokah  (kokkoo) 

swallow 

diya  liliiniyd  (pi. 
liJiini) 

«Aiyu-lihi??iya/<  (lihiid) 

swan 

hamsayd  (pi.  -yd) 

hung^uyah  (-yoh) 

tail 

vahjaya  (pi.  vaJyd) 

wulguyii  {\\n]g(ih) 

tern  (Indian  swift) 

liliiniyd  (pi.  liliini) 

lihi;ziya/t  (lih]7?i) 

tiger 

kotiyd  (pi.  koti) 

kotiyaJi  (koti) 

turkey- fowl 

ka'lnkumd  (f.  -kumi) 

kuZookoonirt/i  (-koomi) 

turtle  (tortoise) 

kcisbdrd  (pi.  -ro) 

kasbawrt/i  (-wo//) 

—  (land) 

ibbd  (pi.  ihbo) 

ihhah  (ibbo//) 

vulture                    _ 

gijuWiiniyd      [pat) 

gijoolihiwiyf'/i 

wing 

piyd-pata  (pi.  piyd- 

inyah-^uthii  (piya/t-pu^) 

wolf 

vrkaya  {^\.  -yd) 

W7-kuyrt/i  (-yoA) 

woodpecker 

kdrald  (pi.  -llu) 

karula//  (-lloo) 

wood-pigeon,  dove 

kobeyiyd  (pi.  -yd) 

koheyiyah  (-yoh) 

Trees,  Fruits,  Flowers,  Vegetables,  &c. 


(Gas-kolan,  pala,  mal,  elacala  adi.) 

(For  Shopping  see  p.  103 ;  Meals,  pp.  102- lOi.) 


Almond  (Indian) 
apple  (wood-) 

—  (elephant-) 

—  (custard-) 

—  (rose-) 
areca  nut 
banana  (fruit) 
bark 
bcu  us 


kottambd 
bell 
divul 

anond,  rata-dUd 
rata-jambii 
pKvak 

keseI-gediya{pL-yecJi') 
j  potta  (pi.  })ottt) 
-^ibotici 


kottumba/i 

beli_ 

thiwool 

unohnah,  rutxi- ahththah 

rutu-jumboo 

poowuk 

kesel-gediyu  (-gedi) 

^oththii  (pofAoo) 

hoJiiiyGi 


26 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


betel-creeper 
betel -leaf 
bouquet 
branch 
bread-frnit  tree 

do.  (wild) 
cabbage 
chili 

cinnamon 
cloves 
cocoanut 

—  -palm 
cotton -tree 
cotton  (silk) 

—  (tree) 
creeper 
cucumber 
date 
ebony 
fern 

fig 

—  (banian) 

—  (ficus  tsiela) 
fig-tree 

—  (sacred) 
fir-tree 
flower 
garlic 
ginger 

—  (dried)  — 

—  (raw) 
grapes 
grass 

iron  wood  tree 
jack-tree 

—  -fruit 
kernel 
leaf 
lemon 

lily  (water-),  lotus 
lime  (fruit) 


bulat-vdla  (pi.  -vdl) 

bulat-kole  (pi.  -kola) 

wal-pokura 

atta  (pi.  atii) 

rata-del-tiaha 

del-gaha  (pi.  -gas) 

kovi 

jniris 

kurundu 

kardbu 

pol 

pol-gaha  (pi.  -gas) 

iiiihul-gaha 

kapu 

fulun 

vdla  (pi.  vdl) 

kdkira  (pi.  kdkiri) 

indi 

kaluvara-ll 

rilla  vdrdlla 

attikkd 

[maha-)nnga-galia 

d/idtn-gaha 

atiikkd-gaha 

bo -g  aha 

devaddra 

mala  (pi.  mal) 

sudu-lunu 

inguru 

velicca-inguru 
amu-ingurit, 

muddirappalam 

tana 

nd-gaha  (pi.  gas) 

kos-galia 

kos-gediija  (pi.  -(jedi 

madai/a  (pi.  mada) 

kole  (pi.  kola) 

rata-dehi 

nelum,  md-nd 

dehi 


Pronnncintion. 


boolu^-walu  (-wal) 
boolu^-kolrt?/  (-kolu) 
mul-pokooru 
\\thth\\.  [uthoo) 
rutu-^Ael-guhu 
t/tel-guhu  (-gus) 
ko/iwi 
miris 

koordoii^/ioo 
kura/tboo 
pol 

pol-guhu  (gus) 
imbool-guhu 
kupoo 
poo/oon 
walii  (wal) 
kakiru  (kakiri) 
ihthi 

ku/oowurii-lee 
rillu  warallu 
uttikk«/i 

(mahu-)noogu-gubu 
ahatoo-guhu 
uttikkrt/i-guhu 
bo/i-guhu 
thaywuthahru 
mulu  (mul) 
sootAoo-loonoo 
i%gooroo 

w«//liccu-i«^gooro6 
umdo-i?J^goor6o 
mooth  f /aruppulum 
thiwu 

nrt//guhii  (-gus) 
kos-guhu 
)  kos-gediyu  (-gedi) 
I  mi\t/i u Yu  (mutJi u) 
jkola^  (kolii) 
I  rutu-fAehi 
jneZoom,  ma/mel 
I  t/t^h'i 


27 


English. 

Sinhalese  (vomanized). 

Pronunciation. 

mace 

vasdvdsi 

wusrt/iwaAsi 

mango 

amha 

umbu 

melon 

komadn 

komudoo 

nut 

ataya  (pi.  dta) 

atuyu  (atu) 

nutmeg 

sddikkd 

^ahtJakkah 

opium 

abin 

ubin 

orange 

(hdama  (pi.  tlodaDi) 

^/(odumu  (iAo(lum) 

—   (mandarin) 

hln-ndram 

heen-naru/7^ 

palmyra  palm 

tal-gaha  {^\.-gas) 

^ul-gubu  (-gns) 

peas 

mMin-ata 

moo/i^-atri 

pepper 

ijam-miris 

gum-miris 

pine  (screw-) 

rdtakcyiyd 

w^atukeyiya/i 

pineapple 

anndsi 

unna/tsi 

plant 

pdlaya  (pi.  pal  a) 

paluyu  (palu) 

plantain 

vatu-gediya,      Jxenel- 

wn//(oo-gediyii,    kesel- 

pomegranate 

delum             [yediya 

tliQlobm                  [gediyii 

pop -corn 

pari,  vilanda 

pori,  wiliindu 

potatoes 

artapal 

ur^upul 

pumpkin 

labii-gediya  (p\.-gedi) 

luboo-gediyu  (-gedi) 

reed 

bata 

butii 

root 

inula 

moolii 

rose 

rdsd 

Yuhsah 

saffron 

kaha 

kubu 

sago 

fiav-hdZ 

suw-li«M 

satinwood 

buruta 

boor66//.m 

seed 

ate,  dtaya  (pi.  dta) 

atrt//,  atuyu  (atii) 

—  (sesamum) 

tala 

tjmlu 

snuff 

dnm-kudu 

i/too/7^- koodoo 

tea 

te 

thay 

teak-tree  ' 

tekka-gaha 

^rt/ykku-guhii 

lobacco 

diiin-kola 

thoong-kolu 

tomato 

takkali 

tJmkkahVi 

tree 

gaha  (pi.  gas) 

guhu  (gus) 

tree -trunk 

gas-kahda 

gus-kundu 

vine-creeper 

midi-vdla 

m-ii/n-walu 

Colou 

rs.      t^dta.      (Vor  sh,,. 

liim  see  p.  109.) 

Black 

kalii 

ku/oo 

blue 

nil 

nil                                [roo 

brown 

dumhutUy  dwrfibui'u 

f/zoombootoo,    Moomboo 

crimson 

lOhtta,  le-pdta 

lo//bi^u,  lrtf/-prt//tu 

28 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

dark 

kaluvara 

kuZoowuru 

green 

pacca 

puccu 

grey 

alu-jKlta 

u/oo-paAtu 

light  (pale) 

sudinndli 

s6of//6bmali 

orange 

idicca-dodam-pdta 

i  ^//  i  ecu  -  ^/<  odum  -  pr/  // 1  u 

pink 

pdtala 

prtAtulu 

purple 

nil-ratu-pdta 

nil-i'n/i?o6-prt//tu 

red 

ratu 

ru^oo 

violet 

ratu-nil-pdta 

ru///do-nil-p«//tu 

white 

sudu 

soo^Aoo 

yellow 

kaha 

kuhu 

Times  and  Seasons.     (A'^ 

lla  rtii  visesa.) 

(For  Conversations  see  p 

106.) 

Afternoon 

savasa 

suwusu 

birthday 

iipan-davasa 

dopun-i/<uwusu 

Christmas    ' 

nattala,  nattal 

n\\fjif]ivi\vi,  nwiJithuX 

date 

data  ma,  dina 

thahtJimim,  thmd 

dawn 

aluyama,  udaya 

ulooyumu.  oo^Auyii 

day 

davasa,  dina 

i//u\viisu,  tliinii 

day-time 

daval,  d  aval  a 

tJimYwl,  tlauxahlii 

day,  to- 

ada 

WtJt  11 

days  of  the  week 

sumdnaye  davas 

soomahnuyay  ^Auwus 

Sunday 

Iri-dd 

ill- 1  hah 

Monday 

Sandu-dd 

simtJtoo-thah 

Tuesday 

Angaharuvd-dd 

u  nygu  h  ur  do  wa  h-th  a  h 

Wednesday 

Badd-dd 

hutJiah-tJiah 

Thursday 

Br7iaspatin-dd  j 

hr\n\siputJiin-thah 

Friday 

Sikiird-dd 

sikoorah-tJiah 

Saturday 

Senasurd-dd 

seniii^oovah-tJiaJi 

Easter 

Pdskuva 

paAskoowu 

evening 

sdndara,  lidndava 

sanfAawu,  han^/mwu 

fortnight 

sumdna-dekak,     de- 

soonirt/aiu-i/^ekuk,     the- 

satiya,  paksaya 

siitJiiyn,  puk.s7/iiyu 

Good  Friday 

Malta -Sikiird-dd 

muhu-silvoor(i'/<-^/<(/A 

holiday 

nivddu-dauas,  nivd- 

niv(f//ddo-^/mwus,  nnxali 

duva 

doowu 

hour 

pdya 

payu 

— ,  half-an- 

pdya-bdgaya 

payu-brt//guyu 

mid-day 

ira-muduna 

iuu-moof//oonii 

midnight                 ^ 

^madyama-rdtnya^ 

i  niu^/iyumu-ra/<//iriyu 

29 


Eneilish. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

^lidsummer 

madijawa-g  r  I  s  ma^ 

I  kdlmja,  gim- utii- 

mcida 

minute 

vinddii/a  [pl.vinddi) 

mouth 

mdsai/a,  iiiasa 

month  by  month 

mdsen  vidfia 

months  (the) 

mds,  1)1  as 

April- AEay 

Vesak 

May- June 

Poson 

June- July 

Asala 

July- August 

Nikini 

August- Sept. 

Binara 

September-Oct. 

Vap 

October-Nov. 

II 

November-Dec. 

Uiiduvap 

December- Jan. 

Durutu 

January-Feb. 

Navam 

February- March 

Mddindina                \ 

]\Iarch- April 

Bak 

morning 

iidaya,  nde,  pdndara 

this  morning 

ada  iidaya,  ada  nde 

night 

rd,  rdtriya 

noon 

ira-mudun-veldva 

seasons                  r' 

rtiC,  kdla 

Spring 

vasanta-kdlai/a 

Summer 

gfisma-kdlaya  J 

Autumn              ( 

Idradl^Jajat-kdlaya 

Winter 

hemanta,  4%ta-kdla- 

cold  season 

nta-kdlaya           [ya 

rainy  season 

varsd-kdlaya 

second 

mohota,  sdva 

sunrise 

udaya,  aluyama 

sunset 

ira-bahma-veldva, 

astamgama 

to-morrow 

heta 

week 

sunidnaija,  satiya 

year 

aviiriidda,,  vdr§aya~^ 

yesterday 

lye                — 

Pronunciation. 


muf/iyiimu  -  grees/anu- 
krtMiiyu,  gim-oo/T/oo- 
mai//u 

winrtAdiyu  (winr/Adi) 

m«/<suyii,  musu 

ma/isen  mahsu 

inahs,  mus 

wesuk 

poson 

nikiwi 

bi?turu 

wup 

i  * 
ooni/mowup 

f/<o6roo^do 

uuwum 

{mdbthmthmii 

buk  [i/airu 

dothujii,     dothay,    pahn- 

uthiidbthuyu,  ut/moothay 

ra,  lahthYiju 

iru-mobtJidon-waylahwu 

rtjioo.  k<7Mu 

wuaun^u-ka/Juyu 

greesA  mii  -  ka  h]  uy  u 

.surui/<,  suru(/^-krt/Juyu 

haymiinthii,    seethu-kah- 

seei/m-ka/tluyu         [luyu 

wur.sAa/i  -  kaMiiyu 

moho^-u,  sanvL 

oo^Myii,  ulooyumu 

iru-buhinu-wayla/iwii, 

nsthnng-gumu 

hetu 

sooma/aiuyu,  su^iyu 

uwooroot/ifAu,  wursAuyu 

eeyay 


80 


Town  and  Country.     (I^'ura  a  f^w-Mw  raga.) 

(For  Conversation,  see  pp.   107— i     .1 


English.                 1 

Sinhale'ie  (roniaiiized).  | 

Pronnnc  ati  )n. 

Bazaar 

1 

hade 

knday 

bridge 

pdlama             '[not/a 

pciZ/lumu                    [riuyu 

cathedral 

praddna     denistd- 

\).iithahn\i-t/iay\\u>^tholi- 

church 

palliya,  \  llenistd-- 

pulliyu,    thaywiiathu/i- 

country 

rata,  pifisara\\)U(!/a 

'rutu,  pitisiiru           [nu}U 

ditch 

affala 

iigulii 

i'arm 

(joypala 

goypulu 

farmer 

l/oriyd 

gowiy«/t 

fence 

rata 

watu 

field 

kumhura    (pi.    -ru), 

koombooru   (-roo).     welu 

■  vela{vel)J,u'ta{kci) 

(wel),  ke^ii  {keth) 

foot-path 

adi-pdra 

udi-pa/trii 

forest 

vanaya  (pi.  vana) 

wuniiyu  (wunii) 

gate 

vdsala,  vd^al-hada 

waAsiilu,  wa/zsul-kudu 

grass 

tana-hola 

^u»u-kolu 

hut 

pdla  (pi.  p((l)   [lain) 

palu  (pal) 

inn 

aiiibalama  ( pi.  a  m  ha 

umbulumu  (umbulum) 

jungle 

hiHara  (pi.  kala) 

kalawu  (kala) 

log 

kote,  kahda 

kotay,  ku?1f/m 

market 

kadaya,     kade    (p]. 

kuduyu,  kuday  (kudu) 

meadow 

pitianiya        [kada) 

pittuniyu 

mile 

hiitakma 

lia^akmu 

mill 

iiiola 

moZ/lu 

monument 

caitya}     snmraka 
yodanayilla 

ci^yu,     sma^ruku 

godunagillu 

palace 

mdliydva 

mrt//liga//wu 

road 

jimia^ijia^ 

pa/jru,  mugii             [luyu 

school                      ( 

l)dtasdldva,\'ik6laya 

}iahthmaJilahwu,     sko/i- 

shepherd 

enderd  (pi.  ehdeni) 

eh(\ayvah  (endrt//rd6) 

shop 

kade    (pi.    kada), 
sdppura 

kuday  (kudu),  srt//ppo6wu 

sign -post 

samjild-kaUKva 

su/i^J7?//rtA-ku;jdowu 

square  (four-sided) 

hatards 

hwthiir&s 

—  (plot  of  gi-ound) 

iiiidula,  afyjaiia 

mitltoolu,  unygunu. 

straw 

piduru 

p;«/<ooro6 

street 

mahapdra,  vltiya 

muhuprt/<ru,  veethiyii 

temple  (Buddhist) 

pan^ala,  vehera 

punsulu,  weheru 

—  (Hindu) 

devdlaya,  kdiila 

t/iaywahluyu,  ko/iwilu 

31 


English. 


Sinhalese  (ronianized). 


temple  (Christian)   palliya,  devastdnn^ 
town  iiiirara,  pura        [iia 

—  (seaport)  ipatima 

town  -hall  |  nagarika-sdld  va  j 

village  ijama  (pi.  gani) 

Mankind.     {Nara- 

Aunt ;   mother-in-   naiidd  {pl.ndnddld) 
brother  (elder)  [law  ayijd  (pi.  ayijdld) 

—  (younger)  \malll  {pl.mallild) 

—  -in-law ;  cousin  masdnd 
cousin /^/.y;  sister-|;?5«a 
daughter      [in-law  du,  duva['g\.  dilvani) 


Pronunciation. 


I 


daughter-in-law 
lather 

father-in-law 
father's  father 
— -  elder  brother 

—  younger  brother 

—  mother 

—  sister 

—  sister's  husband 
grand -son 
grand- daughter 
husband 
husband's  sister 
man 

mother 
mother's  father 

—  mother 
nephew 
niece 
sister  (elder) 

—  (younger) 
sister-in-law 
sister's  son 
son 

son-in-law 
stepmother 
uncle  (maternal) 


deli  (pi.  leliijOj 
I'ii/d,  appd,  tdttd 
mdmd  (pi.  mdmd'.d) 
muttd 

lohii  tdttd,  loku  ap- 
hd/ipd  [pocci 

dttd 
ndndd 
nidvid 
munuhurd 
minibiri 
(Xjpurusayd,)  minilid 
7idnd 
minUid  (pi.  minissu) , 

^'purusayd 
rnavu,  ammd 
muttd 
dttd 
band 
leli 
akkd 

namgif  naga 
nana 
hand 
putd 
band 

kudammd 
mdmd 


pulliyu,     thatiwus>i\iah- 
noowuru,  pooru       [uuyu 
putooiiii 

na/iguriku-srt//!«/<wu 
gumu  (gum) 

vacja.) 

nanf Art//  (nan^ // a h la/i) 

nyyaJi  (\i\yali\ali) 

mullee  (mullilrt//) 

mussina/i 

nana/t 

thoo,  thoown  (thoowiivob) 

layli  (\ay\i\oJi) 

piya/i,  upprt//,  fJioJithtJjah 

m a h m  a  h  (ma Inn  a  h \ali) 

mooththah 

lokoo   thaJiththali,    lokob 

brtAppa/i  [uppocci 

ahththah 

n&iitJtah 

mahma/i 

moonool:oorrt/t 

miiiibiree 

po6roo.s7<uyrt/<,  miuihah 

nanah 

miniha/i     (mini-^sob), 

pooroo-b/my^/A 
muwoo,  ummfl/i 
jnoofhthah 
ahththah 
bana/i 
\ay\i 
ukkah 

nanggee,  nugah 
nan«/t 
bana/t 
ipoothah 
banw/i 

koodumma/i 
mahmah 


32 


English. 


uncle  (paternal) 
widow 


widower 

widowhood 

wife 

wife's  sister 

woman 


Sinhalese  (romanizod). 

kanavanduvii     (pi. 

-miyo) ,  vandambii - 

strl 
kanaviindmnd,  viin- 
fiambu-jmrusaifd 
randamhn-kama 
hlidryd,  strl,  ambnva 
nand 
stri,  gani  (pi.  ganii) 


Pronunoiation. 
hali]l\)ali 

knnuwan^//6bmi  (-mi yo//), 
wan^/aunboo-s^ree 

k:inuwan///oom(//<,     wan- 
th  uihboo  -  pooroo.s/;  u  y  a  h 
wan  i//  uihboo-  kiiuiu 
bahryaJi,sthvee,  iimboowfi 
nana  A 
sthree,  gani  (ga^^oo) 


The  Human  Body.     {> 

•)irurn-vaga.) 

(For  Health  see  pp.   33, 

105.) 

Ankle 

valalu-kara 

wululoo-kuru 

arm 

bdhitva 

brt/ihoowu 

arm -pit 

kihilla 

kihillu 

back 

pita 

pitu 

beard 

rdvula 

rawooZu                         o 

blood 

le 

lay 

body 

4ariraya,  dnga 

sureeruyii,  iiiiggu 

bones 

katit,  dta 

kutoo,  atu 

bowels 

bada-vdla  (pi.  -nil) 

budu-walu  (wal) 

brain 

mo!  ay  a 

moluyu 

breast,  chest 

Idpatta,  papuva 

l8,ip&t_hth-ii,  pupoowii 

cheek 

kammula    (pi.  kam- 

kummoolu  (kummool) 

chin 

nikata                [inul 

nikutii 

complexion             v 

sarlra-varna    , 

sureeru-wurnu 

ears 

kana  \^\.  kan) 

ku7iu  (kun) 

elbow 

vdlamita  (pi.  vdla- 

walumitii  (walumiti) 

eye 

dhd  (pi.  as)     [miti) 

aha  (as) 

eyeball 

ds-guliya 

as-go61iyu 

eyebrow 

ds-bdma  (pi.  -hdmi) 

as-bamu  (as-bami) 

eyelid 

ds-pihdtta    (pi.    ds- 
pihdtu) 

as-piha//ttu  (as-pih(///to6) 

face 

vnlna  (pi.  munu) 

moonu  (moonoo) 

fingers 

d  rig  ilia  (pi.  dngili) 

a/^Z/gillu  (a%gili) 

foot 

pay  a,  adiya        _  _^ 

puyu,  udiyu 

forehead 

nalala               [dig  a 

nnlulu                      [thiyvi 

groin  • 

tunatiya,    urusa?i- 

^donutiyu,     ooroosau- 

hair 

kes,  loma 

kes,  lo//mu 

hand 

at  a  (pi.  at) 

u^u  (u^) 

83 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

bead 

isa  (pi.  is) 

isu  (is) 

heart 

hada,  lirdaya 

hu</iu,  h7-tMyu 

heel 

vilumha 

vi^oombu 

hip 

uJaila 

ookoolu 

jaw 

hakka  (pi.  haku) 

hukku  (hukoo) 

kidney 

vakuf/adiiva 

wukoogudoowu 

knee 

dan  a 

i/iunu 

leg 

kakula,  gate 

kukoolu,  gahthay 

lip 

tola 

tjiolti 

liver 

akmdva,  kdviita 

ukm ahvfu,  kawoo^u 

lung 

penapa/niia,    pena- 

penupupoowu,     penu- 

1  I  alia 

hallu     _ 

moustache 

udii-rdvula 

oodoo-rawooZu 

mouth 

kata,  mukajja" 

kutii,  mookuyu 

nails 

niyapotta  (pi.  -potii) 

nivupo//ti^/m  (-poi^oo). 

neck 

hella 

bellu 

nose 

ndlie 

na/the 

ribs 

ila-dtaya  (pi.  -dta) 

ilu-atuyii  (-atu) 

shoulders 

uraya  (pi.  lira) 

ooruyu  (ooru) 

side 

dlaya,  dlapata 

aluyu,  alupu^u 

skin 

ham  a 

humu 

skull 

is-kabala 

is-kubiilu 

spine 

inudiin-dtaya 

moof/ioon-atuyii 

stomach 

bada,  kdma-hokka 

budu,  kamu-bokku 

temples 

nalal-talaya,  nalal- 

nuZul-^uluyu,    nu/ul- 

throat 

iigura                 \J(t'la 

dogooru                     [kelu 

thumb 

mdpata- dug  ilia 

ma/iputu-a7>//gillu 

toe 

paye-dhgilla 

puya?/-a%giilii 

tongue 

dii-a  (pi.  div) 

f/iiwu  (i/iiw) 

tooth 

data  (pi.  dat) 

thutjiii  (pi.  t/iutji) 

wrist 

mdnikkatuva 

ma?iikkutoo\vu 

Health.      (Sarlra-s 

thiti.) 

(For  Conversations  see  p 

105.) 

Accident 

hadissi-antardva 

huthissi-unijinvahwu. 

bandage 

vcluma,  hd'tima 

weloomu,  bammu 

bile 

pita 

pi/Jiu 

bite 

da  stay  a 

t/mshtuyu 

— ,  snake 

sarpa-dasLuya 

surpu-i/m.s7/tuyu 

blindnesij 

Icnna-gatiya, 

lauiu-ga/iiiyu,     nnthn- 

andatdvaya 

thd/iYfuyu. 

Sinhalese  S.T. 

.__-■ 

■R 

84 


English. 


Sinlialese  (romanized). 


PronunclatioB, 


blister 

bruise 

burn 

ciiemist's  shop 

chill 

chdcra 

contagion   {see  also 

epidemic) 
corns 

cough  ^'^ 

cramp 
cure 

deaf ;  deafness 
dentist 
diarrhoea 
diet 

disease,  illness 
doctor 
draught 

dumb,  dumbness 
dysentery- 
epidemic 
exercise 

to  faint 

fatigue 

fever 

—  and  ague 

— ,  enteric,  typhoid 

— ,  intermittent 

— ,  malarial 

fracture 

«:^out 

headache 

ill,  sick 

indigestion  — 

inflammation 

lame 

medicine 

nurse 

ointment 


bibula 

tdluma 

pic  cum  a  [^^yo. 

beJu't-sdj)pnva,  behecl- 

sltay,  sKa^mma 

vamaiut-pdcanaiia 

spardcujen     bocena 

rogaija 
karagdte  {pi.  -gdta) 
kdssa 

kenda-perallma 
cikitsdva,  siivaya 
bihird;  bihiri 
dat-vedd 
pdcanaya 
kdma,  dhdra 
leda,  rogai/a 
vedd,  vedardla,  dos- 
kasdya  [tara 

goluvd;  golu 
atisdraya,    le-pdca- 
vasamgataya    [nay a 
parUramaya, 

dhga-veheskirima 
kldnta-venavd 
vehesa 
una 

gdhena  tina 
una-sannipdtaya 
mura-yna 
kdla-una 
kddinia,  bangaya 
vdta-raktaya 
isaradaya 
asanlpa 
ajlrnaya 
idimuma 
nondi 
behet 

kiri-mavu 
vilepanaya 


biboolii 

^aZoomu 

piccoomu         [liefA-geyu 

behe^.-sa/<ppdowu,     be- 

see^uyu,  see///u-Aveemu 

wumunu-pa//cunuyii 

spursuyen     boAwenu- 

ro/iguyu 
kurugata^/  (kurugatii) 
kassu 

ke;;du-periileemu 
ciki^sa/iwu,  soowuyu 
bihira/i ;  bihiri 
thviih-^NQthah 
paAcuuuyii 
kamii,  alihahrvL 
ledu,  roAgiiNU 
v,'ethah,  \Yethiivah\u,  tJi03- 
kusrt/ivu  [/i/uru 

goloowrt/i ;  goloo 
uthisahruyu,    lrt?/-prt''Cu- 
wusu/7^gu/^u\  u      [niiyu 
purisrumuyu,      angu- 

wehes-kireemu 
kla/m^u-wenuwa/i 
wehesu 
donvL 

gahenu  oo?a"i 
oo??u-sunnipa/<^uyu 
mooru-oo/Ri 
kala-oo/m 

kadeemu,  hnnggiiyt 
wa  It  thii  -  V  u  k  thuyu 
isu-ru?Aiiyu 
usuneepu 
ujeer?myu 
it/iimoomii 
nondi 
behe^ 
kiri-muwoo 
wilaypunuyii 


85 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

pain 

kcikkiona,  riduma 

kakkoomu,  rUAobmu 

paralysis 

ainsabdgaya   > 

un^sii-baAguyu 

pestilence  {see  epi- 

pill               [demicj 

gully  a  (pi.  guli) 

gooliyu  (gooli) 

plague    {see    epi- 

poison          [demic) 

van  a 

wusu 

poultice 

pdjjpa 

pa/tppu 

prescription 

hehet-vattoruva 

behe^--\vutto//roowii 

quinine 

krinln 

kwineen 

remedy 

pratikdraya 

pru^ikaAruyu 

rest  n. 

nivddava,   visrdma 

niwa/idoowu,  wisraAniii 

V. 

g'nnan-liarinavd 

gimun-hurinuwali 

scald 

pilissuma 

pilissoomu 

scratch 

klruma 

heeroomu 

sore 

vanaya 

wu7zuyu 

sprain 

ulukkuva 

oo/ookkoowu 

sting 

dastaya            [^atr) 

i/tus/ituyu              [^-kwtjir) 

surgeon                   ; 

4alya-  va idya  {^a lya- 

sulyu-^vz7/<yu     (.snlyu- 

tonic 

sanipa-ddyaka  hiiJia 

suneepu-i/iaAyiiku  beciiiu 

wound 

tnvdlaya 

^.oowa/Juyu 

For 

)d  and  Drink.     (/ 

iam-hlm.) 

(See  al 

so  pp.  25—27,  and  for  Meals  e 

ee  pp.  102—104.) 

Bacon 

velicca  ui'u-mas 

wayliccii  ooro'o-mus 

beef 

harak-mas 

huruk-mus 

bottle 

botalaya 

bo/*^.uluyu 

bread 

pdm 

paling 

breakfast 

aliunusu 

uloomoosob 

butter 

vendarii 

wendiuoo 

cake 

kdvilla  (pi.  kdvil'i) 

kawillu  (kawili) 

cheese 

kejit 

kaT/joo 

chocolate 

cokolet 

cokok^t 

coffee 

kopi 

ko/ipi 

cream 

kiri-yode 

kiri-yof/m?/ 

curry 

vyanjana^  mdlnra 

wynnjunu,  mrt/doowu 

dinner 

kdma,  bojanaycP 

kamu,  bo//junuyu 

eggs 

hittara 

hiiJitJmvxx 

fat 

mas-tel 

mus-^el 

fish 

mdlu 

ma/<loo 

flour 

piti 

piti 

honey 

ml-pdni 

mee-pani 

86 


English.               1 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Prominciation. 

ice 

midicca-diya 

mi^/riccu-f/dyu, 

jam 

dosi 

i/io/tsi 

kidney 

vaku-(iaditva 

wukoo-gudoowu 

lamb 

hdtalu-})dt'i-mas 

batu?oo-pati-mus 

lemoiyide 

deki-vatura                j 

^/<ehi-wu.(/[doru 

luncheon 

daral-kama,  tjinn 

t/mwul-kainu,  tipin 

meat 

mas,  mdnua 

nius,  VLia]ing?>Vi 

— ,  boiled 

tainhapii-mas 

^umbupoo-mus 

— ,  roast 

pulussapu->iias 

poolobssupoo-mus 

— ,  fried 

bddapu-mas 

bai/mpoo-mus 

milk 

kiri 

kiri 

mustard 

aha 

ubii 

mutton 

bdtalu-mas 

batuZoo-mu3 

— ,  goat 

elu-mas 

eZoo-mus 

oil 

t'el 

^^el 

onion 

liinu 

loODOO 

peptDer 

g  am -m  iris 

gum-miris 

pork 

uru-mas 

ooroo-mus 

pudding 

pitta 

pittoo 

rice 

hdl 

hahl 

— ,  boiled 

bat 

hMtJi 

—    cakes 

kdcnm 

kawoom 

salad 

salddu 

^ulaJitJioo 

salt 

liinu 

\o6nob 

soda-water 

soda-vattira 

soAdu-wu/^ooru 

soup 

hodi,  sup-Jiodi 

hoi/ii,  soop-hof/ti 

sugar 

slni 

seeni 

supper 

ra-kama 

ra-kamu 

tea 

ti' -vat  lira 

/^,ay-wu///doru 

tobacco 

dum-kola    [bddapu) 

tlioong-\io\\\    [(ba«/mp6o) 

under-done 

madak-jiuliLi^mpii  (oi 

rani/aik  pooloossupoo 

veal 

\vahu-mas 

wuh(x>mus 

vegetable 

elavalii 

eluwuloo 

vinegar 

vindkiri 

wina//kiri 

water 

vat  lira,  diya 

wu^ooru,  fAiyu 

— ,  cold 

siliil-diya 

sihil-^Aiyu 

— ,  hot 

unii-vatiira 

oo>/oo-wu/^ooru 

well-done 

/londata-bddapn  (or 

honf/iutu-baf/mpoo  (poo- 

]>ulitssapn) 

loossupoo) 

wine 

madya-pdnaya, 
vdijin 

mut/<yii-p«/<.nuyu,  wayin 

1 

87 


Cooking  and  Table  Utensils. 

{Ivlmata  da  kainata  ila  pdviccikarana  bdjma.) 

(For  Shopjnng  see  p.  109.) 
English.  Sinhalese  (romanized).  Pronuneiatior. 


Basin 

bowl 

coffee-pot 

corkscrew 

cup 

dish 

fork 

frying-pan 

glass  (tumbler) 

grill 

kettle 

knife 

ladle 

lid 

matches 

oven 

pan 

plate 

—  (of  leaves) 

saucepan,  pot 

saucer 

serviette 

spoon 

— ,  dessert- 
— ,  table- 
-— ,  tea- 
table-cloth 

tea-pot 

tray 

wine-oflass 


besama,  taliya 
])dtraya 
-fiopi-poccii/a 
kaskruppura 
koppaya 
duiya 
ffdrpuva 
badina-tdcciiva 
taDiblertiva,    vldii- 

ritva 
mas  pulussana 
ketale  [)iidssa 

pihiye 

kinhsa,  loku  hdnda 
piyana,  mudiya 

ini-kuru 
uduna 

hatt'iya,  tdccuva 
pingdna 
patkolaya 

appallaya,  sdspana 
plrisiya 

ihdul-kada,     at- 
pisnd-kada 

hdnda  (pi.  hdndi) 

bat-kana-lumda 

heda7ia-hdnda 

te-hdnda 

mesa-redda,   mesa- 
dtirilla 

te-pocciya 

tattuva,  bandesiya 

vdyin-vuluruva 


ba?/sumu,  ^uliyu 

prtA^iuyu 

koApi-poAcciyii 

kuskrooppoowu 

ko/tppilyu 

f/ieesiyu 

ga/irpoowu 

bui/dnu-^.rt//CCoowu 

tumblaj/roowu,  weetJioo- 

roowu 
mus  pooloossunu  massu 
ka?/tule 
pihiye 

kinissu,  lokoo  hani/tu 
piyunu,  moodiyii 
gini-kooroo 
oothoonu 

huttiyu,  ^^Accoowu 
Y>in[/gaJmi\ 
pu^-koluyu 
uppulluyii,  sa/ispanu 
peerisiyu 
inf/iool-kudu,  u^-pisnaA- 

kudu 
han^/m  (hafit/n) 
bu^kunu-hanf/iii 
bei/iunu-hanf/iii 
^ay-hani/tu 
maysu-ieththu,     niaysu- 

a^irillu 
/7z.rt?/-po/iCciyu 
^uttoowu,  buni/i«i/siyu 
wayin-wee^Aooroowu 


Boots 

bracelet 

braces 


Dress  and  the  Toilet. 

iSee   \f'ashi7tg  List,  followii 


(Andiim  pdlandiim.) 

and  Shopping, 


us-sapattuva[v]  .-till) 
at  v alalia 
kalisam-patiya 


oos    supu^^iAoowu 
u^t-wulullu       [(-tjithob) 
imlisum-putiyii 


88 


English. 

Sinhalese  (roraanized). 

Pronunciation. 

brush 

bundalaya,    musna, 

boonf/mluyu,    moosnu, 

kossa 

kossu 

button 

hottama  (pi.  bottain) 

hothtjiuraii  (bo^^um) 

button-hook 

bottamkekka,    bnt- 

bo//z^n/j^-kekku,    bo^- 

tam-katuva    [pili 

tjiung- kntobwt 

calico 

k'dliko    re'di,     kapu- 

kaliko/i-re/^//i,  kup6o-pi/i 

cap 

podl-toppiya,  ispa- 

podi^Z/oppiyii,  is-puyiyii 

uturii-sahiva     [ijiya 

00  ^// ooroo  -  su/oowu 

cloak,  cape 

poravana-saluva 

poruwunu-suZoowu 

poraimna-ka'da 

poriiwunu-kudu 

cloth 

redi,  pili 

i-ethi,  piZi 

clothes-brush 

vastra-inasna 

wus^ru-moosnu 

coat 

kabdya 

kubrt/tyu 

comb 

pandva 

puna/iwu 

cotton 

pulun 

pooloon 

dress 

pill,  vastra 

pi/i,  wus^rii 

flannel 

lom-redi 

lom-re</ii 

gloves 

at-mes,  atvihina 

uth-mays,  u^-wasmu 

hairpin 

kftra 

kooru 

hat 

toppiya^^ 

^oppiyu 

jewellery 

dbarana^ 

ahhiivmm 

lace 

renda 

layiitJiii 

linen 

komuvat,  duhul 

komoo-wu^,  iAoohool 

mirror 

kddapata 

kadiipu^ii 

muslin 

sihin-kapu-pili , 

sihin-knpoo-piZi,     kuwu- 

kacaniya 

niyu 

necklace 

dtavdla,  mdlaya 

atuwalu,  ma/duyu 

necktie 

kara-patiya,  ddsiya 

kuru-pudyu,  thahsiyn 

needle 

idikatuva 

if/iikutoowii 

overcoat 

uda-kabdya 

oodu-kubrt/iyu 

parasol 

kudc,  dtapatra 

koodrt//,  a//^npu^ru 

pin 

alpenettiya  (pi.    al- 

ulpeue^/Tiiyu  (ulpene^- 

pocket 

sdkkuva       [penetti) 

saAkkoowii                 [i_h\) 

purse 

mudal-payiya,     pa- 

mooi/tul-puyiyii,  pusoom- 

sumbiya 

biyu 

rain-coat 

vdM-kabdya 

wahi-kuba/tyu 

razor 

ddlipihiye 

^Aalipihiye 

ring 

mudda  (pi.  tnudu) 

moot/ithu.  (moothoo) 

scissors 

kattira  (pi.  katuni) 

kutJiobvu  (ku/iiobroo) 

shoe-lace 

sapattu -pat  ilia 

supufi/^oo-putiyii 

silk 

pata 

piitu 

89 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

skirt 

gavuma 

guwoomu 

slippers 

senippu 

serooppoo 

soap 

sahan 

subun 

thread 

nul             [bnriLsuva 

nool                         [soowu 

tooth -brush 

dahdtiya,     dat- 

f/tahatiyu,    </m^-b6oroo 

trousers 

kalisama    (pi.  kali- 

kulisumu  (kulisun) 

umbrella 

kude{^\.kuda)  \san) 

kobday  (koodu) 

veil 

tiraya,miinu-vdsina 

^iruyu,  moonoo-waamu 

walking-stick 

hdrauntiya 

harumitiyu 

watch 

at-orl6snva 

u^/i-orlo/is6bwii 

waterproof  coat 

vdhi-kabaya 

wahi-kubaAyii 

wool 

lorn  a 

lo/anu 

Washing  List.     {Sediya-haki-pili.) 

Apron 

per  a  -  vasn  i  a ,  ine-  vds- 

peril- wasmu,  in^^y-waimu 

bathing-dress 

ndna-salura        [in  a 

na/mu-su/oowu 

bed-clothes 

diide  dtirili 

autJiay  a(/iirili 

blanket 

kambiiiya 

kumbiliyu 

bodice 

coliya,  ravikke 

CoZ/liyu,  ruvv'ikkai/ 

cap 

kuda    toppiya,     is- 

kooda/t-^oppiyu,    is- 

vdsma          [duma 

wasmu                     [mil 

chemise 

ceiimiya,    yata-dii- 

cemeesiyu,    yutu-anfAoo- 

collar 

kara-patiya 

kuru  putiyu 

combinations 

hd uiyan-sa h ita ,  iiies- 

baniyun    suhi^ii    mays- 

kalisan 

kulisun 

coverlet 

dfida-dtirilla 

ant/m-a^irillu 

cuff 

/  orciya 

boArciy  u 

di^awers 

yata-kalisama 

yutu-kulisumu 

dress  (gown) 

f/acunm 

guwomu 

'landkerchief 

lenanva  (pi.  Icnsu) 

h/?/ns6oa'u  (pi.  lr/_vnsoo) 

jacket 

Iidttaya,  bdciya  — 

hattiiyu,  brt//cciyu 

napkin 

iiidiil-kacja,     at- 

in<//obl-kudu,    u(//pisn«/i 

pisnd  tiiidya 

^oowa//yu 

necktie 

ddsiya,  hara-patjya 

tJiaJisiyu,  lairu-pdtiyu 

night-dress 

rd-dnduma 

ra-anfAoonm 

night-shirt 

ra-kainise 

ra-kumeese 

pants 

mei^-kcduama 

mai/s- kulisumu 

petticoat 

sdya 

sahyu 

pillow- ca?o 

hotta-iiraya 

kottu-ooruyu 

pinafoi'e 

layd-lxddu,     udu- 

luyu-kudu,  ooddo-wasmu 

pyjamas 

pajdind           [vdsina 

puja/ana/t 

40 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

serviette 

indid-kada,     at- 

in^Aool-kudu,    uth-tjioo- 

sheet 
shirt 

tuvdya 
dtirilla,  tuppottii/d 
kamlse 

wahya 
a^irillu,  ^ooppottiyii 
kumeese 

socks  (a  pair  of) 

kota-mes-kilttaina 

kotu-ma?/s-koottumu 

stays 

stockings 

table-cloth 

bostorokkaya 

mes 

mesa-redda 

bos^/zouokkuyu 

mays 

maysu-ieththxi 

towel 
trousers 

tuvdya,  atpisndva 
kalisama  (pi.  -miii) 

//loowa/iyu,  u^pisna/<wu 
kulisumu  (kulisum) 

under-vest 

yata    idniyairia, 
atid-Jidtte 

yutu-baniyumu,    a^ool 
hatte 

vest 

hdniyama,  coliya 

baniyumii,  co/tliyu 

House  and  Furniture.     {Gej/a  saka  geyi  badu.) 


(For  Shopping  see  p.  109.) 

Ante-room 

issaraha  kdmaraya 

issumhu  ka/tmuruyu 

arm-chair 

at-putuva 

u^-po6toowu 

basket 

kudaya,  vdl-pettiya 

kooduyu,  wal-petti3^u 

bed 

dnda,  yahana 

an^Au,  yuhunu 

bed-room 

sdtapena  kdmaraya, 

sa/Aupenu  -  ka/miuruyu, 

budiyana  kdmaraya 

boo^/dyunu-ka/aiiumyu 

blind  (window) 

kai'ulu-tiraya 

kuwoo/oo-  /Tiiruyu 

bookcase 

pot-almariya 

po^-ulmuriyu 

box 

pettiya 

pettiyu 

broom 

kossa,  ilapata,  idala 

kossu,  ilupu^u,  ifAulu 

candle 

itipandama,  vilak- 

itipuni/iumu,  wiliikkoowu 

kiiva           [Jmiida 

[kunf/iu 

candlestick 

pahan-ruka,  palian- 

puhun-rooka,    puhun- 

carpet 

2ml  a  sa 

pulusu 

chair 

putuva  (pi.  putu) 

pobtoowu  (pootoo) 

chamber  utensil 

b  udiyana  -  kdmaraye 

boo  th  i  y  u  uu-  ka/anur  uy  e 

bdjana 

brt/ijunu 

chest  of  drawers 

Idccu  -pi'ttagama 

la/<Cc6o-pettugumu 

chimney 

dum-nalaya,   dmn- 

i//oom-nnliiyu,    tliooYn.- 

kavuluva 

kuwoo/oowu 

clock 

oralosuva 

orulo/tsoowu 

closet  (w.c.) 

vdsi-kiliya 

wasi-ki/iyu 

couch 

kavicviya      [mariya 

kuwicciyu                    [yii 

cupboard 

rdkkiya,    rdkkl-al- 

lYi/ikkiyu,  r«//kki-ulm:iri- 

curtain 

Hraya,  kadaturdva 

^iruyvi,  kudu/T/oorrt/; \vu 

41 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

rronunciation. 

curtain  (window) 

janela-tiraya 

janaylu-^iriiyu 

cushion 

wettaya,  kottaya 

mettiiyu,  kottuyu 

dining-Toom 

ham  a-kayia  -kdiu  ara- 

kamu-kunu-krt/miuriiyu, 

ya,  bojana-sdldva 

b'>/t  j  unu-srt/da/twu 

door 

dot  a 

thovVi 

door- bell 

(lore  slnura 

ihovay  seenoowu 

drawing-room 

sahgraha-sdldva 

sunggrwhu-sahlahv^n 

easy  chair 

hdmsi-puti(va 

haA/i^si-pobtoowu 

electric  light 

viduli-eliya 

wiiAooli-eliyu 

fender 

lip-draksakaya 

lip-a/iruksMkuyu 

fire 

ginna,  gini,  gindara 

ginnu,  gini,  gintMru 

fireplace 

Ufa 

lipu 

floor 

Mm  a 

bimii 

garden 

vatta 

wu^^u 

gas 

gas,  agni-vdyu      \sa 

gas,  ugni-wa/iyoo 

grate 

garddiya,  gini-mds- 

guvahthiyiX,  ginimassu 

hall  (entrance) 

vdsal-sdldva,  vahal- 

wahsul-sahlahv/u,  wuhul- 

key 

yatura                [mla 

yu^oorii                    [salu 

kitchen 

kussiya,    mulutdn- 

koossiyu,     mooZoo^in- 

geya 

geyu 

—  dresser      ♦ 

supakdra-mesaya 

soopuk«/<ru-ma?/suyu 

lamp 

pahana,  pdna,  Idm- 

puhunu,    pa/mu,    la/an- 

puva 

poowu 

larder 

dhdra-gabaddva 

ahhahvu-  gubiida/i  wu 

library 

pot-gula,     pustakd- 

^oth-goolu,   Tpoosthtliah- 

laya             [duva 

luyu               [hudoowu 

lock 

agula,  yatiiru-taha- 

ugoolu,     yu^ooroo-^u- 

looking-glass 

kddapata,     muna- 

kadupu^u,    moonubulu- 

balana-kannddiya 

nu-ka?iwaAdiyu 

piano 

jdyano,    turya-bdn 

piyano//,     thooryu-hahn- 

daya 

duyu 

picture 

sitiyama,  pintdruva 

si^iyiimu,     i^inthahioo- 

pillow 

kottaya 

kottuyu                        [wu 

poker 

gin  i-avussana  -  kura 

gini-uwoossunu-kooru 

roof 

vahalaj  piyassa 

wuhulu,  piyussu 

room 

kdmaraya 

ka/jmuruyu 

shelf 

rdkkiya ,  u da lialla 

raAkkiyu,  ooduhullu 

sideboard 

sayid-hord  mesaya 

sid-bo7ird  mai/suyu 

staircase,  stairs 

tarappa-pela,   padi- 

^uruppoo-peM ,  pudi-pe^ti 

upstairs 

udu-mahala      [pela 

oodoo-muhulu 

downstairs 

yati-mahala 

yuti-muhulu 

42 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

table 

table-cover 

tiles 

tongs 

mesaya 
mesa-redda 
ulu-kdtaya  (pi.  iilii- 

kdta,  ulu) 
andiiva,  yahanduva 

maysuyu. 
maytiii-veththii 
o6/o6-katuyu  (ooZoo-katu, 

oo/oo) 
undoowu,  vuhundoowu 

vase 

verandah 
wall  (of  house) 

—  (of  garden,  &c.) 
window 

kalasa,pdtraya,  poc- 
stoppuva,  jdla   [ciya 
hittiya 

tdppaya,  pavura 
janelaya,  kavulitva 

kulusu,  pa/t^ruyu,  po/<c- 
s^,o//ppdowii,  pilu    [ciyu 
hiththiyu 

^a/ippuyu,  puwooru 
juD«?/liiyu,  kuwooZoowu 

Professions  and  Trades.    {Karmanta. 


(For  Shopping  see  p.  109.) 


Architect 

artisan 
baker 

banker 

barber 
blacksmith 
bookseller 
brazier 

butcher 

carpenter 

chemist 

clergyman 

confectioner 

consul 
cook 

cycle-maker 
dentist 
doctor ' 

druggist 
engineer 
farmer 


godandgili-idstraj- 

nayd 
iilpiydf  kamkaruvd, 
pdn-pulussannd, 

pdnkdrayd 
bdnku-kdraydj 

dandgdrika 
panikkiydf    dmbdt- 
dcdriyd  [^«//« 

pot-velendd 
lokuruvd,   j:>^ffaZ«- 

vdda-karuvd 
mas-vele7idd,    mas- 
vaduvd         [kdrayd 
rasdyana-kdrayd 
devagdtiyd 
kdvili-sddanndf 

kdvili-velendd 
tdndpatiyd 
kokiyd,    nyanvd, 

arakkduiiyd 
rata-cakra-uidannd 
dat-vedd 
vedd,    vaidydcdrya- 

yd,  dostar 
behet-velendd 
injinenivd,   yantra- 
goviyd  [kdrayd 


godunagili-saAs^ruj?;  ?yu  - 

yah  ^ 

silpiya/i,  kumkuroowa/t 
paAn-pooZo6ssunna/i, 

pa/m-kaAruya/i 
bankoo-krt/iruya/i,    thun- 

a/igahrikii 
punildriya/j,  ambattuya/i 
ahcahviyah 
^oth-welenthdh 
lo/ikooroowa/j,  pi^^ulu- 

wadu  kuroowa/i 
mus-welenthah,  mus-kaA- 
wudoowrt/i  [ruyaA 

rusa/iyunu-k«/a'uya/i 
///aywuga^i}rt/i 
kawili-sa//«/tunnrt/t, 

kawili -we/en  f//a/i 
thaJinah-ipMthiyah 
kohkiyah,     ooyimna/i, 

urukkamiyaA 
ruthii-Cukru-srt//«//unnaA 
thiifji  vfethah 
v^ethah,     v/ithyahcahryu.- 

yah,  thosthuv 
heheth-v^dent/iah 
inymayvdowah,   yunihrn- 
gowiyrt/i  [kfl/truyaA 


48 


English. 


farrier 
—  (veterinary) 
fencing- master 
fisherman 

fishmonger 
florist 
fruiterer 
goldsmith 

grocer 

hatter 

ironmonger 

jeweller 

laundress 

merchant 
miller 
milliner 
money-changer 
optician  (seller) 
painter,  decorator 

photographer 
policeman 

porter  (carrier) 

postmaster 
printer 

saddler 

sshoolmaster 
servant 

shoemaker  J 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Iddam-gahamia 
as-vedd,  pasu-vaidya 
Jmramba-ddurd 
was-m  arannd,  mdlu 

allannd,  kevidd 
mdlii-velendd 
mal-karu 
palatiiru-velendd 
baddld,    ran-karu, 

navandannd 
kulii-hadii-velendd, 
sa  ra  kku-  kada-kdia  ■ 
toppi-sdda7indf    [yd 

toppi-velendd  [dd 
yakada-badu-velen- 
dbarana-sddannd, 

dbarana-velendd 
radavl,    redi-nandd 

(politely) 
velendd,  vydpdrayd 
iiiola-kdrayd 
atrl-toppi-vikmiannl 
salli-indrukaran?id 
kannddi -velendd 
sittaid,    sarasannd, 

sitiyain-karannd 
cdydriipa-Mpiyd 
poUs-kdrayd,  kostd- 

pal 
doratu-pdlayd,  hara- 

gen  ay  ana -m  inihd 
tdpdl-mahatmayd 
accugasannd,    mu- 

drdnkana  -  kdrayd 
sdda-    (or    hdda-) 

sddannd  \ndn^e 
guruvarayd,  gurim- 
vdda-kdrayd,  seva- 
sapateruvd  [kaijd 
sapattu-mahannd 
sommarayd 


Pror.uuciation. 


laAdum-guhunnrt// 
lu-wethah,  ])usd6-\\ithyii 
hMrnmhu-nthobvah 
mus-murunna//,  maJdoo- 

nUunnah,  kev>'oola/< 
mahloo-welentliah 
mul-kuroo 

pulii^ooroo-weZent/m/t 
hudahlah,     run-kuroo, 

nuwun^unna/t 
kooloobudoo  v,'eleiithah, 
surukkoo-kudu-ka/triiyaA 
^oppi-sa//^Aunna/i,  ^op- 

pi-we/enf/m/i  [thah 

yukudu-budoo-weZen- 
ahhuvwiii-sahtJiunnah, 

a/ihmwm-welenthah 
ruthvLwee,  rethiwdnthah 

weleiithah,wyahipahru.yali 
mo/ilu-ka/truya/i  [nee 

s^ree-Z^oppi-wikoonan- 
suUi-ma/irookurunnaA 
kwi72ahdi-welenthah 
^itjitjmxah^    surusunna//, 

si^iyum-kurunn«/i 
chaAyrt/i-roopu-silpiyrt/< 
polees-ka/truya/^,    kos- 

^cfApul 
i/torutoo-pa/iluya/i,  buru- 

ge?iuyunu-miniha7i 
/J^apal-muhu  ^muya/j 
ucco6gusunnrt/t,     moofA- 

ra/t72^ku??u-ka/iruyaA 
sa^M-   (ha«M-)  sahthun- 

nah  \nahiis.ay 

gooroowuruya/*,  gooroon- 
wadu-ka/iruyrt//,  saywnk- 
supu^ayroowa/i       [uy«/< 
supu  ththoo-m  uhunn  aA 
sommuruy«A 


44 


EngUeh. 

Sinhalese  (ronianized). 

Pronunciation. 

shopkeeper 

sdppu-kdrayd,  Icada- 

saJiTp^oo-kahriijaJi,,  kudu- 

kdrayd    [kiyannd. 

liahruyah       [kiyanna/j 

singer 

sindu-kdrayd,  gi- 

smthoo-kaJiYuyaJi,     gee- 

smith 

dcdriyd,  lokaruvd 

ahcc^hnyah ,  loAkiiroowfl/* 

soldier 

Jievdyd,  batayd 

haywahyah,  hntuyah 

student 

sisyayd,  adydyi 

sishyuyah  uthyahyi 

surgeon 

salla-vedd 

sullu-wef/ta/i 

surveyor  (land) 

minindoruvd, 

minini/to/iroowa/<,     ma- 

mdnum-kdrayd 

nooin-k^/iruyflf/i 

tailor 

mahannd,  sanndliyd 

muhunnaA,  sunna//liya/i 

teacher 

guruvarayd,  ddiird 

gooroowuruya//,  SitlidoYaJi 

tobacconist 

dumkola-velcjidd 

thdbmliolu-vielenfh  a  It 

tradesman 

kada-kdrayd,  velen- 

kudu-ka/truya//,      Vv^e/en- 

washerman 

henayd,  radavd  [dd 

hr/?/nuya/i,ruf/mw«A  [thah 

watchmaker 

oralosK-sddannd 

OYulohsoo-sahtlmnnah 

Trayelliiij 

Arrival 

bag 

bill 

box,  trunk 

bridle 

carriage 
coachman 

—  (driver) 

cushion 
custom-house 

—  officer 
depart,  to 

departure 

engine 

fare  (charge) 

guard 

guide 

guide-book 


{Gaman  yana-vita  onaviya-hdki-vacana.) 

(For  Conversations  see  page  d^.) 

langdvima,    sam- 

jjrdptiya 
malla,  jiayiya 
ganan-patraya,  bila 
pettiya,ha  vid-pettiya 
katakaliydva,  kacli- 

ydlama 
karattaya,  gala,  riya 
karatta-kdrayd, 

ratdcdrya,  riya- 
dakkannd  \sari 

mettaya,  kidiccama 
reguva,     tlruva- 

gannd  Mldva 
reyuve  midddaniyd 
pitat-venavd,    nik- 

mefiavd    [nikinana 
yama,    pitatvuna, 
yantraya 

gaman  gdstuva[rald 
wurakdrayd,    rdka- 
maga-penvannd 
maga-penvana-pota, 

vistara-adamga- 
\pota 


lu?i^ga/tweemii,     sum- 

pr«/<p^iyu 
mullu,  puyiyu 
gu/mn-pu^ruyu,  bilu 
pettiyu,  buwool-pettiyu 
kutukuliyc/Awu,  kudiya/i- 

lumu 
kuru^^uyu,  galu,   riyu 
kuuu^^u-ka/truy«/i. 

rutha/iC«i'/iryu,     riyu- 
f/mkkimnaA  [sari 

mettuyu,  kooliccumu 
ra?/gobwu,    (//eeroowu- 

gunurt/i  s<7/Jrt/iwu  [yah 
raygooway  mdolahth^ni- 
pitu^-wenuwa/j,    nik- 

me?iuwa/i  [mi5?2u 

yamu,  pituf/iweemu,  nik- 
yunthvuyu. 

gumun-gaAs/7/oowu    \\ah 
mdbmkalnuyah,  rakuwu- 
m  ngu-pen  wunn  a  h 
mugu-peiiwunu-po^u, 

wis^uru-udu/7^goo- 

[po^u 


45 


English. 


hotel 

interpreter 
key 
landlady 

landlord  (hotel) 

lavatory 

luggage 

office 
payment 
pier,  bridge 
porter 
railway 

—  -carriage 

—  -station 
receipt 

reins 

road 

saddle 

station-master 

steamer 

strap 

ticket 

tourist 

train 

voyage 

waiter 

waiting-room 

whip 


Sinhalese  (ronaanized). 


hotalaya,  tdndyama 
tolka-tdna,  titppa- 
yatura  (hiyd 

lagum-geval-Jidrl, 
tdndyam-kdrl 
hotdl-kdrayd,  tdnd- 

yam-kdrayd 
vdsikiliya,  ata  -paya- 
sodana-kdmaraya 
barabaddaia, 

yaman-hada-inuttii 
kantoruva 
yevlina,  padiya 
goda-hahina  j)dlaiiia 
bara  adinnd 
dum-riya-pdra  \ciya 
dum-riya,  diim-koc- 
dum-riya-pala 
kuvitanHiya,  risltta- 

va,  iiccittuva 
katakaliyd-patiya, 

nds-lanuva 
para,  maga 
sddalaya 

dum-riya-pale   pra 
\dniii-ndca     [ddniyd 
I  hain-patiya 
tunduva,  slttuca 
gam  an-y  amid, 

-kdrayd,    magi  yd 
dum-kocciya,    diuii- 

riya-pela 
ydtrdva,      muhudu- 

gamana 
mehekaruvd,    scrd- 

kayd,  atavdsiyd 
porottiL-sdldva, 

ndiutl-sitina 

kdmaraya 
kasayOt  sabukkuva 


Prontinciation. 


ho/ituluyu,  ^-a/tn(7//yumft 
/^o/ilku-t^anii,  ^ooppu 
yuthooYu  [hiyah 

lagoom-gewiil-ka//  ree, 

thaJinahyuui-ka/iree 
hotal-kaAruya/i,  tJiahnah- 

yiuYi-kaJiriiy  all 
wasi-ki/iyu,    uMu-puyu- 

so/if/mnu-krt/mmruyu 
burubiU/t^/mru,     gumun- 

budoo-inoottoo 
kan^oAroowu 
geweemii,  pudiyu 
godu-buhinu  pa/duma 
i)uru  utJiinuah 
^/iOom-riyu-paArii     [ciyu 
iAoom-riyu,    thobm-kohc- 
fAoom-riyu-pulu 
kooA'i/T/LiDsiyu,  riseettoo- 

wu,  ooccittoowu 
kutukuliya/t-putiyu,nrt//s- 

lunoowu 
pahru,  mugu 
sat/ailuyii 

f/iOom-riyu-pulaT/    puu- 
i/tdoni-nawii    [thahmyah 
hum-putiyu 
^oondoowu,  seettoowu 
gumun-yunn«/<,   gumun- 

kahi'iiyah,  Tangiyah 
i//6om-ko/tcciyu,    thobm- 

riyu-peZu 
yah  ihraJiWU,  moohoothob- 

gumunu 
mehekuroowa/i,     sayv/u- 

knyah,   uthuwaisiy ah 
p  oro  th  thob  -sahla  /t  w  u , 

nawu^ee-sitinii     kah- 

muriiyu 
kusuyii,  subookkoowu 


46 


Commercial    and    Trading    Terms. 

■.Ganu-ileniL-lcerlni-samhanda  racana.) 

(lor  I'hrascs  and  Sentences  teo  pp.  112,  117.) 


English. 


Account 

—  current 
— ,  to  close 


— ,  to  settle 

—  of  sale 
acknowledgment 

advance  (of  money 

advice,  letter  of 

agency 
agent 

arrangement 
arrears 

assets 

authorize,  to 

average 
balance 

—  -sheet 
bank 

bearer 
bill 

—  of  exchange 

—  of  lading 
bond,  in 

bonded  goods 
book-keeper 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


ganana,     gay  an- 

jjatraija 
dina-patd  ganana 
ganan-lianidra- 

haranavd,  ganan 

piyajiavd 
ganan-hcranard 
vile  unum- ganana 
ettugdnima,    pili- 

gdnlrna 
attikdrama,  kaltiyd 

dun  niudala 
ddnum.-dlma,     iipa- 

des-ha^una       [ya 
kalamandkdra-nila 
kalamandkdra-  tana 
jdliyda,  pilivela 
atapasu-vl     tibena 

deya,    higa-hitald 

tibena  ganana 
naya-hilav-vastu, 

vatkama 
balaya  denavd, 

niyoga-karanavd 
sdnidny a  ganana  \ya 
ituru-ganana,  sesa- 
ayavdya-lekanaya 
bdniknva,     unidal- 

bdnddgdraya 
darannd,genayannd 
ganan-patraya,  iin- 

diyal 
mudal-patraya 
vdrndva 
badu    reguve    tabd- 

gdnlma 
reguve  tabdgat  badu 
ganan-ligd  tabamid, 

ganan-lalrayd 


Pronunciation. 


ga?iunu,  gu?um-putruyu 

thmvL-^nthalt  gwnmm 
guwun  huma//ru-kurunu- 
wa/t,  gu?mn-piyunuwrt/i 

gu?iun-bat/ruDuwaA 
wikoo?z  oom  -gu7c  unu 
«2/t^^ooganeemu,     piZi- 

ganeemu 
uthtJukaliTmim,     kul^i- 

ya/i  thoon  moofAiilu 
f/mnoom-^Aeemu,     oopii- 

^Aes-husoonu  [yu 

kuZumunrt/i-krt/tru-nilu- 
kuZumuna/t-kaAru-^anu 
piZiyelu,  pi/iwe/u 
u^upusoowee     ^ibenu 

tliejxx,      higu-hitulrtA 

^ibenu  gu«  iinii 
nuyu-hiluw-wus^oo, 

\s\\thkMi\m 
buluyu  themwwah,  niyoh- 

gu  kurunuwrt/i 
srtAmaAnyu  gu?ainu     [yu 
i^ooro6-gU7iunu,  sayshu.- 
uyu-wayu-lavkuniiyu 
ba/j^koowu,      mob/Aul- 

hahndahgahruyii 
thwvnnnah,  gejmymmah 
guwun-pu^ruyu,      oon- 

diyul 
moof/ml-pu  ^ruy  u 
wahrnahwu 
budoo  vaygooway  thiihah- 

ganeemu  [badoo 

raygoowa^      thuhaJigvith 
gu;Rin-liy((/i    thnhunnah, 

guimu-kahruy  ah 


47 


English. 


brokerage 

business 

buyer 

cargo 

carriage  (freight) 
catalogue 
charter  a  ship,  to 
claim 

clerk 

commercial  travel- 
ler 
company,  a  limited 

contract 

cost,  insurance  an- 

freight 
credit  balance 
creditor 
customs  duties 
damages 

— ,  to  claim 
date 

— ,  at  3  months' 

debit  and  credit 

debtor 

deliver,  to 

delivered  free 

demurrage 

director 

discount 

— ,  to 
dividend  [dues 

dock   and  harbour 
irawer  (of  bill) 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 

kalamandhdra- 

(jdstuva 
vada    paid,      kala- 

mandva,  kdn/aija 
niiletafiannd, 

ganum-kdrayd 
nlivu-ixitacilla, 

7idva-bara 
patavili  kidiya 
vattoruva  [iiacci 

ndvak  knliyata  gan- 
ayitivdsikauhf    kiyd 

sithiia,  illwiia 
liymnid,  lipi-karurd 
r  elan  (I  dm     udesd 

yaman-karannd 
.nmdsahita     saind- 

gam  a  [kura 

porondiiva,  koitrak 
mil  ay  a,     insKaraii^, 
saha  plitavili  gdatii 
vdsl-gana7ia 
naya-liimiyd 
tirnva,  niudu-hadda 
aldbaya,  hdniya 
aldba    illum-kara- 
diiia,  ddtania  [iiard 
meyin  tnn-indaekatu 

fiasse 
aya-vdya 
naya-kdrayd 
hdra-denavd      [lada 
nomilaye  hdradenu- 
midamgu-mila 
kriyidikdrayd 
mudc. ten  adukarana 

jioliya    [dal  dim  a 
poliya  adnkara  ynu- 
Idba  pamguca 
vardbadda 
undiyai-kartr 


Pronunciation. 


kuZumuna/i-kaAru-gaA- 

s^oowu 
wadupulu,  kuZumuna/t- 

wu,  krt/tryuju 
mila^tugunna/j,  ga?zdom- 

ka/iruyrt/i 
nawoo-patuwillu,  nawoo- 

buru 
patuwili-kooliyii 
wuttoAroowu  [wflA 

nawuk  kooliyutu  gunnu- 
uyi^iwaAsi-kumu    kiya/( 

siteemu,  illoomu 
liyunna/i,  lipi-kuroowa/i 
weluni/m/im    oothesaJt 

gumun-kurunna/i 
seema/i-sulii/7?u    sumaA- 

gumia  [kobwu 

poronf//o6wu,    kon^ruk- 
miliiyii,    in-.s/ioouruns, 

saha  patuwili  gahsthob 
wa/isi-gu?iunu 
nuyu-himiyo/t      [hutJdhu 
theei'o6\YU,     moothob- 
ula/ihnyu,  ha/miyu 
ulrt/tbu      illoom-kurunu- 
^Ainii,  thalithumn      [waA 
meyin  ^d6n-ma/isa?/kiitu 

Tpussay 
uyu-wayu 
nuyii-ka/«rriyrt/t 
ha/iru-tlienuwah       [luf/m 
nomiluya?/   ba/iruf/ienoo- 
midun^goo-milii 
kriy  a  hthi-hahYujah 
mootliulen  udookuiunu 

poZiyii  [theemu 

poZiyu  udookuru  moo//tul 
lahhn  puf75"gdowu 
wurrt/i  huthtJm 
oondiyul  kur^r 


48 


English. 


Sinhalese  (ronianized). 


duty  (export) 

duty-free 
duty  (import) 

duty,  liable  to 
enclosed 

enclosure 
endorse,  to 

endorsement 

exchange(of  money) 
factory 

the  firm 
forwarding 
—  agent 

gross  weight 

guarantee 

I.O.U. 

import  and  export 


income 

information 

insurance 

—  policy 

—  premium 

insure  against,  to 

interest 
liabilities 
load,  to 


\  pita  -  rat ata     arina 

badu-tJniva 
tiruven  nidahaa-vu 
l>aradesika    badii- 

tlruva 
tu'Hva  (jata-hdid       i 
adamgu-   (or  dtul-) 

karana-lada 
adamgii-deija 
pita-liyanavd,  jdta- 

atsan-karanavd 
pita-atsana,      pita- 

liyamana 
inarukerwia  j 

karmdnta    Mldva,  \ 

vdda-pattalaija     ' 
velanda  srniidf/aiiia 
{badu)yavana,aiin(( 
[niyama  tdnata  ba- 
clii)ya  vann  a ,  a  rinnd 
miihi-bara 
saJiatikaya,  dpaya 
7iaya  kdre 
pita  -  ratin    genvana 
badu-da,  pita-rata- 
ta  yavana  badu-da 
dddyama,     ay  a, 

Idbhaya 
ddnum-dlma,    sdla- 
kirlma,  nivedanaya 
upadravdraksaya , 

satydpanaya 
upadrardraksaka- 

patraija 
iipad  ravdra  ksaya  ta 

(jerana  nnidala 
upadravaya-ydna 

aatydpaua-karana- 
poliya  [rd 

uayaturaha  \ 

patavanavd  i 


Pronunciation. 

pitu-rututu  urinii  budoo- 

/Tzeeroowu 
/T/eeroowen  ni£/mhus-woo 
puru?//«//siku  budoo^ee- 

roowii 
/^eeroowu  gu^u-haki 
udu/ij^goo-kurunu-lu^/zii, 

a///d61-kurunu-lu^//u 
ud  u  nggoo-  they  II 
pitTi-liyunuwrt/j,  pitu-ut//- 

sun-kurunuw«/< 
pitu-uf/^sunu,    pitu-liyu- 

munu 
lurt/troo-kereemu 
ku vniah n tjiu    sahlahv^'ii ., 

wadu-puttuluyu 
weZunf/ai  suma/igumu 
(budob)  yuwunu,  urijiu 
(uiyumu  //?aaiitu  budoo) 

yuwunnrtA,  uri?i.*/f;// 
mo6/oo-buru 
suhu^ikuyu,  apuyu 
nuyu-kar«?/ 
pitu-rutin      genwunii 

budoo-i/iu,  pitu-rutucu 

yuwunu  budoo- ^Au 
ahthahymiLiu,    uyu,     \ak- 

buyu 
i/ianoom-^/teemu,    salu- 

kireemu,  niw(ij///ainuyu 
oopu«/iruwa/Muk-shuyu, 

su^yrtApunuyu 
oopuf/<ru\Yrt/iruk-s/tuku- 

pu^ruyu 
oopuf/iruwa/n"uk-s//uyutu 

gewunu  moo^Aiilu 
6opu^/<ruwuyu-ga??u  su^- 

ya/<pun7\-kurunuwa/t 
poZiyu 

nuyu-^ooruhu 
putuwiinuwa/i 


49 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


loss 

manager 
Diarket 

—  day 

—  dues 

—  price 

negotiable,  saleable 

order  (for  goods) 

packing 

partnership 

payable 
per  cent, 
price 

—  -list 
— ,  net 

— ,  wholesale 

property 

quotation  (of  price) 

ready  money 
receipt 

registered  letter 
—  tonnage 

rent 
retail 

— ,  to  sell  by 
settling  day 

share 
ship,  to 


Sinhalese  S.-T. 


hdniya,    pdduva,     ' 

aldbaya  \ 

kalamandkdra-  tana 
hade,     velahddm- 

pala,  salpila 
sal-pil-  (pavatvana-) 

dina,  kada-dina 
kada-badda 
kada-mila,     hadu 

vikinena  ganana 
mdrukarar/ata-hdki, 

vikiniya-haki 
illiuia,  ana-kirlma 
adukkinnia,    ahirl- 
havidkdra-ka)iia[ma 

jjamyukdra-kama 
ffeviyalidki 
siyayata 
mila 

mila-ganan  patraya 
amisra-  (tani-)  mila 
nnilii-vaSayen  vikii- 

nana-mila 
vastuva,    depala, 

idam-kadam 
sandalum    karana- 

lada  mila-yanana 
at-mudala 
kuvitansiya  [liyuma 
rijuta  r-ka  rana-la  da 
rijistar-karanalada 

bara-pramdnaya 
badda,  kidiya 
sillara  [nanavd 

siUara  vasayen  vikii 
ganudenu     berana 

dina 
painguva,  kotasa 
[hadu)  ndvata  pata 

vanavd,       (badii) 

ndven  arinavd 


ha/miyu,  pa/idoowu,  ulaJi- 

biiyii 
kulumuna7i-ka/i7-u-^-anu 
kwday,     weliintha/mi- 

pulu,  sul-pilu 
sulpil-    (puwu^wunu-) 

thinu,  kiidu-f/iinu 
kudu-bu^/if/m 
kudii-milu,     budoo-wiki- 

?ienu-gu?junii 
mf/Zirobkurugu^u-haki, 

wiki??iyu-haki 
illeemu,  wzu-kireemii 
udook-kireemu,  ahireemu 
huwoolka/iru-kumu, 

pun^gookrtAru-kumu 
gewiyuhaki 
siyuyutu 
milu 

milu-gu?mn-pu  ^ruyu 
umi.sru-milu,  ^uni-milu 
moo/oo-wuniyen    wikoo- 

7zunu-iDilu 
wus/Tioowu,      tJiay^ulii, 

idum-kudum 
sunf/iuhr.n  kurunu-lu^//ii 

milu-gu«unu 
uth-mdotJiulu 
koowi/Ziunsiyu    [liyoomu 
rij  ist  iir-kurun  u-hu/iu 
rijistur-kurunu-lu//iu- 

buru-pruma/muyu 
huththu.,  kooliyu 
sillurii  [?iunuwaA 

silluru-wusuyen     wikoo- 
guwdo-t/iendo-brt]/runu 

thinu 
pu/j^goowu,  kotusu 
(budoo)    nawutu    putii* 

wunuw^A,      (budoo) 

nawen  unnuwah 


60 


English. 


shipping  charges 
—  house 

solvent 

stock 

stock -exchange 

trade 

under-writer 

wharf 

wharfage 

wholesale 


Sinhalese  (romanized).  i 


Pronnnciat'on. 


nav-f/dstuva 
ndvvalin  badn  arina 

mmdgama 
naija  (jeviya  hdki 
miildana,  jiarifana 
paripana-vijdpdra- 
relaiiddma     [sdldi'a 
upadrai'draksakayd 
totamuna 
totamim-f/dMuva 
miilu-rasai/en 


urmu 


naw-ga/<s//ioowu 
nawwulin    bud  06 

snma/igiimu 
nuyu  geviyu  haki 
mobl/Aunu,  puripu7ai 
p  u  r  i  p  u  w  u  -  w  ya  h  ^ah  r  u  - 
we/un  tJuth  m  11    [mJilahwu 
oop  uthY\\wah  r  uk.s7/u  ku  - 
^otiimoonu  [yah 

thotiimd6ii-ga]tsthob\\  u 


!  mooZoo-wusuyen 


Correspondence. 

(See  also 


[Lii/iim  huvamarma.) 

sfc  following.) 


Address 
— ,  to 


blotting-paper 

envelope 

mk 

letter,  note 

—  -box 
note-paper 

— ,  sheet  of 
pen  (nib) 
penholder 
pencil 
penknife 
seal 

sealing-wax 
signature 
write,  to 
writing 

hand-writing 
writinff-desk 


nama-tjama 

liyuma    pita    )iama 

gama  liyanavd  [ddsi 

tlnta  -povana-  hada  - 

liyum-vds))m,liyiiui- 

tinta  [nraya 

liyuma^  liyaviUa 

liyum-petthja 

liyana-kadaddd 

liyana-kadaddsi-Jco- 

pana-talaya     [lay  a 

pan  a,  pana-kura 

pdnsalaya 

pdnamas-pihiye 

mudraya 

{inndra)  Idkada 

at  Sana 

liyanavd 

livlina,  liyavilla 

at-akiiru 

liyanapettiya, 


numu  gumii 
liyoomu-pitu    niiraii- 
gumu-liyunuwrtA  \thalis\ 
//icen?7iu-powunu-kiidri- 
liyoom-wasmii,  liyooiu- 
theeutjivi  [ooruyu 

liyoomii,  liyiiwiriu 
liyoom-pettiyu 
liyunii-kudu^/<<:.'Asi 
1iyimii-kudu^//<if/i3i-kolu- 
panu-^uluyu  [yu 

panii,  prmu-kooru 
pansuluyu 
panum  us-pihiy(7  // 
moothi'iiyii 
{moothru)  k/tkudu 
ntjisunii 
liyunuwa/i 
liweemu,  liyuwillu 
u^-ukooroo 

liyiinu-pettiyu,    liyimu- 
ma?/siayu 


liyana-mesaya 
Post-office  and  Telegrams.    {Tdpdl  saha  viduli-puvat  (/dim.) 

(For  Conversations  see  p.  106;  Postal  Rales,  p.  120.) 


Book  post 
letter  post 
money  order 


\pot-tdpdla 

Myum-tdpala 

\tdpdl-undiyala, 

'      Uipdi-mndal-pata 


po^-^apalii 
liyoom-^apaJu 
^y^apal-oondiyulii,  ^//apal 
mdo?/tul-pu^ii 


61 


English. 


newspaper  wrapper 

parcel  post 

postage  paid 

postage  stamp 
postal  (pillar-)  box 

postman 

postmaster 
post-office 
register  (a  letter),  to 
reply  paid 

telegraph  form 
—  messenger 
telephone 

to  be  called  for 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


puvat-pat-nraya, 
dramci-patra-dava- 
tana  kadaddsiya 
hadii-(jt'nayan(i  tripa- 

la,  pdrRal-tapala 
tdpdl-gd^tHva   rjeva- 

na  ladl 
tdpal-mudraya 
tdpdl-pettiya,  idpdl- 

kanu-pettiya 
tdpdl-kdraya ,  iiyioii 

bedannd 
tdpdl-mahatmayd 
tdpdl-kantoruva 
riji>tar  karanavd 
uttara-gdstuva  geva- 

na  ladl    [patraya 
viduli-puvat-liyana 
vidull-pn  vat-dutayd 
dilra-sabdana- 

yantraya       [tayi 
illana    turn    tahoii- 


Proniinciatlon. 


poownf/i  pu^-obriiyu, 

aJiiungC^-'p\'ithvi\-t/m- 

wutunvi  kuduf/^a/tsiyu 
budoo-genuyunu  Mapalii, 

prt/irsul-^apalii 
^apal-ga/is/Tzoowii     ge- 

wunii  hithee 
^apal-mdoi/(ruyii 
^apal-pettiyu,    ^apal- 

ku?<o6-petiiyu 
^apal-krt/truya/t,  liyoom- 

hethunnah 
//lapal-miihu^muya/i 
^apal  -  kun  thohroown 
rijistur  kuriinuwa/i 
do  ththiivii-gah<  tho6\yi\ 
gewunu  Inthee  [pii^ruyu 
wif//ooli-po6wu/^-liyaiia 
\vit//ooli-poowu^-f/<oo- 
f/<ooru-subtAunii-  [thiiyah 

yiin^ruyu  [t^iyi 

illimu^ooroo    ^ubun- 


{Dadayam. 

Axe,  hatchet 

bait ;  to  bait 
bite,  a 
boat  (canoe) 

—  (wide),  punt 
boat-hook 
boat  (o>-putit)  pole 
boatman 

breech  (of  a  gun) 

bullet 

cartridge  extractor 

cartridges 

cord  <'string) 


Shooting,   Fishing,   &c. 

,  mas-mdrwi  ddiya  samhanda  vacana.) 

(For  Conversations  see  pp.  110—112.) 


porava,    at-porava, 

kdtta 
dwa:  dwa-danianavd 
hdpltiia,  hapd-kama 
oruva 
pdruva 
pdru-kekka 
pdru-rita 

oru-kdrayd,     pdni- 
kdrayd,orU'padmnd 
tuvakku-valla 
imdaya,  mundaya 
pataron  ddaijanna 
patarnn      [dyndaya 
lanuva 


poruwu,     u^-poriiwu, 

k&ththii 
amu ;  amu-f/tumunuwa/t 
hapeemu,  hupa/i-kamu 
oroowu 
prtAroowu 
paAroo-kekku 
pa/iroo-ritu 
oroo-krtAruyaA,    pa/troo- 

kahruyah,  ord6-pu^//in- 
^oowukkoo-wullii     [nah 
donduyu,  moondiiyu 
pu^uron  aMiigunnu  a/i- 
im  th  \i  ro  n  [  \-  ootJi  n  y  u 

iunoowd 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronnnciation. 

fish 

rndluvd,   mdlukura- 

mrt//16owa/t,    ma/tlookoo- 

yiya 

ruyiya/t 

fish,  to 

main    allanavd, 

maliXob  ullunuwaA,   bili- 

bilibdnavd,    mas- 

ba/(Duw«/i,  mus-muru- 

mar  ana  i  a 

nxkVs'ali 

fishing 

main    diluna,    mas 

ma//lo6    alleemu,     iiius- 

1 

mdrlma,  Idli-haina 

mareemu,  bili-bfimu 

basket 

Iceman  a ,  ka  rakgediua 

kemimii,  kurukgediyu 

—  -hook 

I'ill-katiiva,  baliija 

bihe-kutoowu,  buliyu 

—  -line 

bill-lanuva,     vidlii- 

bilee-lunoowu,    iwalAoo- 

—  -rod 

bill-pitta           [jjota 

bileo-pi^^u          [yo^u 

—  -tackle 

masmdnine\iqm- 
mdlu-bdna  jkarana 

mus-mareema?/  ^oopu- 
mrt/iloo-ba/inu    jkurunu 

float 

ipilla,  ijAiidva 

ipillii,  ipiyrt/iwu 

fly 

maksikdkdra    bill- 

muks/tika/<ka/irii    bilee- 

katava 

kutoowu 

game-bag 

dadayam-payiya 

t/mduy  um  -puyiy  11 

gun 

tuvakkuva 

^oowukkoowu 

gun-case 

tuvakku-pettiya,  tii- 

///oowukkoo-pettiyu, 

vakku-ure 

^dowukkoo-oora?/ 

knife 

pihiye 

pihiyaf/ 

matches 

gini-kura  (pi.  -kuni) 

gini-kooru  (-kooroo) 

nail  (of  metal) 

dnaya  (pi.  dna) 

aniiyu  (aim) 

net,  casting- 

vlsi-ddla  (pi.  -ddl) 

weesi-f/mlu  (-i/ial) 

— ,  draw- ; 

adhia-ddla,    bara- 

MthmxjL-thoXu,  buru-f/ialu 

(weighted) 

ddla 

— ,  fishing- 

mdlu  a  liana  ddla 

nirtMoo  ullunu  t/ta/u 

revolver 

ka ra kdvena  pistola - 

kurukawenu  pis^o/Vluyu 

saw  (hand-) 

at-kiyata              [ya 

uZ/t-kiyu^u 

screw 

isknriippam,    mill 

iskoorooppoowu,    sooli- 

dnaya 

anuyii 

screwdriver 

suli-dna-niyana, 

sooli-anii-niyunu,    iskoo- 

iskuruppa    kara- 

rooppoo    kurukuwunu 

kavana  niyana 

niyunu 

sheath 

kopuva 

kopoowu 

shoot  (with  J  gun), 

vedi-tlyanavd   (past 

wedi-Z/?iyunuwa/i  {-fJiih- 

to 

'-tibhd) 

hah) 

—  (with  a  bow),  to 

vidina  ra(past  viddd) 

svithin-dwah  (witht/iah) 

shot 

vedilla 

wedillu 

sport 

keli,    sellaNi,    dada- 

ke/i,   sellinii,   ///ndiiyum- 

yavi'kndd 

kreedrtA 

53 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


sportsman 

sellam-karannd, 

sellum - kuriinn a h ,  th udii - 

dadayakkaraya 

}  uk-ka/iruyrtA 

tool 

dvndaya  [pl.dvuda), 

all  woo  th  fiy  u  [a  liv^'oo  t  h  u) 

mevalama  (pi.  -law) 

mewuliimu  (luewulum) 

tool-chest 

mevalam-jhttiya       1 

mewulum-pettiyu 

Cardinal  Numbers.      {Mil la  sankhya.) 

One 

eka 

eku 

two 

deka 

iAeku 

three 

tuna 

ihoonvi 

four 

Jiatara,  satara 

hut/^uru,  su///uru 

five 

paha,  pasa 

puhu,  pusu 

six 

haya,  mya 

huyu,  suyii 

seven 

hata,  aata 

hu^u,  su^ii 

eight 

ata 

utu 

nine 

navaya 

nuwiiyu 

ten 

dahaya,  dasaya 

^/iuhuyu,  f/iUsuyCi 

eleven 

ekolaha,  ekolosa. 

eko/uhu,  eko^osu 

twelve 

dolaJia,  dolosa 

f/ioZuhu,  tholosu 

thirteen 

daka-tuna,  telcsa 

thuhn-thobnii,  ^e/esa  [sii 

fourteen 

daha-hatara,  tndma 

iAuhu-hu^uru,  tjiobthoo- 

fifteen 

paha  loha ,    pa  h  a  la  li  a , 

puhu/oliu,    puhu/uhu. 

pasalosa 

pusu/osu 

sixteen 

daha-saya,  solosa 

^/mhu-suyii,  soZosu 

seventeen 

daha-hata,  satalosa 

i/tuhu-hu^u,  su^uZosu 

eighteen 

daha-ata,  atalo^a 

f/tuhu-utu,  utu/osu 

nineteen 

daha-navaya 

t/<uhu-nuwiiyu 

twenty 

vissa 

wissu 

twenty-one 

visi-eka 

wisi-eku 

twenty-two 

visi-deka 

wisi- theku 

twenty- three 

visi-tuna 

wisi-^oonu 

thirty 

tiha,  ti^a 

^ihu,  thisu 

thirty-one 

tis-eka 

^is-ekii 

forty 

hataliha,  satalim 

hu^u/ihii,  suthulisu 

fifty 

panaha,  panasa 

pu?zuhu,  punusu 

sixty 

hdta,  sdta 

hatu,  satu 

seventy 

hditava,  mttara 

hathths^wu,  sa^tewu 

eighty 

asuva 

usoowu 

ninety 

anuva 

unoowu 

100 

Sly  ay  a,  sly  a,  ek-dyaya 

siyuyu,  see}u,  ek-siyiiju 

101 

ek 

-siya-eka 

ek-siyu-eku 

S4 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romauized). 

Pronun  elation. 

de-siya 

the-siyt 

tun-siya 

^oon-siyu 

hdra-siya 

h«/iru-siyu 

pan-siya 

pun-siyu 

ha-siya 

Im-siyu 

hat-siya 

hnth-siyu 

ata-siya 

iitu-siyu 

nava-nya 

iiuwu-siyn 

ddlia,  da/tasa, 

ddsa 

tliahhu,  thuhusii,  thahsu 

ek-dds-eka 

ek-thahs-ekii 

ek-dds-ek-siya 

ek-thahs-ek-siyu 

de-ddha 

the-thahu 

tun-ddha 

fhoon-thahhu            [husu 

daha'ddJia,dasa-flaha^a 

tJaihu-thahhii,   thwsii-tJin- 

laksaya,  laka 

Inks/myu,  luku 

dasa-laksaya, 

dasa- 

til usu-l a k.s/aiyu,    tJi  usii- 

kdtiya,  kela 

[laka 

koMiy-u,  kelu             [luku 

ek-dds-nava-d 

ja-daJia- 

ek-thah  s-nuwu-siy  u- 

saya 

f/tuhu-suyu 

200 

300 

400 

500 

GOO 

700 

800 

900 

1,000 

1,001 

1,100 

2,000 

3,000 

10,000 

100,000 

1,000,000 

10,000,000 

1916 


Ordinal  Numbers.    (Krama 

First  palam u-veni  (or  -vana), 

palamu 

second  de-veni  (-vana)       [veni 

third  tun-veni  (-vana),    te- 

fourtli  hatara-reni  (-vana) 

fifth  pas-ve7ii 

sixth  ha-veni 

seventh  hat-veni 

eighth  ata-veni 

ninth  nava-veni 

tenth  dasa-veni,  daha-veiii 

eleventh  ekolos-veni 

twelfth  dolos-veni 

thirteenth  daha-tun-veni,teles-veni 

fourteenth  daha-hatara-,    tudits- 

veni 

fifteenth  pasalo^-y  pahalos-veni 

sixteenth  dahasaya-,  solos-veni 

seventeenth  daJia-hat-veni 

eighteenth  daJia-ata-ceni 


vdcaka  sankhyd.) 

pu^umoo-weni   (-wunu), 

pu/umoo 
i//e-weni  (-wunu)      [weni 
^oon-weni  (-wunii),  tJiQ- 
hu///uru-weni  (-wunu) 
pus-weni 
hu-weni 
hu^-weni 
utu-weni 
nuwu-weni 

i//usu-\veni,  (/mhu-weni 
ekoZos-weni 

fAoZos-weni  [weni 

i/mhu-/7?oon-weni,  tJieleS' 
</<uhu-hu///uru-,     thob- 

tJiobs-weni 
pusu/os-,  puhu/os-weni 
</<uhu-suyu-,  soZos-weni 
f/aihu-hu/^-weni 
(/mhu-utu-weni 


55 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

nineteenth 

ddha-nava-veni 

twentieth 

visi-veni 

twenty-first 

twenty-second 

thirtieth 

n'd-ek-veni 
visi-de-reni 
tis-veni 

fortieth 

hatalis-vejii 

fiftieth 

panas-veni 

sixtieth 

lidta-veni 

seventieth 

hdtta-veni 

eightieth 
ninetieth 

asu-veni 
anu-veni 

100th 
101st 

dya-veni 
eha-nya-ek-veni 

102nd 

eka  siya-de-veni 

200th 

desiya-veni 

300th 

tun-siya-veni 

1000th 

dds-veni 

1001st 

ek-dds-ek-veni 

Pronunciation. 


Muhu-nuwu-weni 

wisi-weni 

wisi-ek-weiii 

wisi-</<e-weni 

//lis-weni 

huMZis-weni 

pu?zus-weni 

hatu-weni 

ha^te-weni 

usoo-weni 

unoo-weni 

siyu-weni 

ekii-siyu-ek-weni 

ekii-siyu-f/<e-weni 

/^/<e-siyu-weni 

^oon-siyu-weni 

tJtahs-weni 

ek-f/m/is-ek-weni 


Collective  Numbers,  etc.     {Vodu-ganan  adiya.) 


A  couple,  pair 

double,  twice 

dozen 

one-fifth 

two-fifths 

half 

once 

quarter 

score 

single 

one -third 

three-quarters 

two-and-a-half 


Able 

—  (strong) 

—  (clever) 
afraid 


kuttama,  jodiiva,  safi- 

yala 
deyunayak,  devarak 
dolosak,  dusiniok 
pahen-pamyuva 
pahen-de-pamyuva 
bdyaya,     ada,     deken- 

pmniiuva 
eka-varak,  eka-vitak 
hataren  pamyiiva,  kdla , 
vifisak  [pddaya 

tani,  ekama 
tunen-pjamyuva 
hataren  tim-pamyuva 
dekahawdra,    dekakut 
\      bdyayak 

Adjectives 

pulnran,  Jidki 
hala-gatu 
da  km,  liapan 
baya-vil,  sdka-vil 


koottumu,    jo/idoowu, 

su?7//gulu 
thegoojiiiyvik,  fAe  wuruk 
i/mlosuk,  t//o6simuk 
puhen-pun^goowu 
puhen-f/<e-pu/2^go6wu 
hahguyu,     udu,    theken 

pu/j^goowu 
eku-wuruk,  ekii-wituk 
b  u  ^iir  e  n     pu  ngg  oo  w  u , 
wissuk    [ka/Ju,  \)ahtJdi\u 
^uni,  ekumu 
^do?zen-pu/7^goowu  [wu 
hut//uren  ^o6n-pu/i^goo- 
f/;ekuhuraa/<iu,     f/teku- 

kob^  brt/'guyuk 

(^Guna-vacana.) 

poo/oowun,  haki 
bulu-gu^oo 
thuksJin,  hupun 
ibujuvvoo,  sakuwoo 


56 


EtiKlish. 

1   Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

another(additional) 

tava,  tavat 

^uwu,  thuwuth 

—  (other) 

vena,  ven'ni 

wenii,  wenin 

bad 

naraka,  ayahapat 

nurukii,  uyuhupu^ 

beautiful 

laksana 

luk.s7/u/2U 

big 

lolni,  maJiat 

lokoo,  muhuth 

bilter 

titta 

tjiiththu 

—  (sorrowful) 

diiJi'-saJiifa 

tJiook-suhithii 

blind 

kmia,  potta,  and(( 

ku/m,  pottu,  un^M 

broad 

palal,  viscda 

puZul,  wisa/tlii 

busy 

boJio   vdda   dttdvfi, 

hohoh  wadii  aththahwoOy 

kdryavat        [tard 

kahvyvLWuth     [ekthnrah 

certain 

sattaka,  tirasdra,  ek- 

snththuku,     thirusahTU, 

cheap 

Idba 

lahhii 

clean 

4itdda,     pavitra, 

^obththu,  puwi^ru,  piri- 

pirisidn      [dakm 

sif/ioo                       [shu. 

clever 

hapan,   sanmrtff, 

hupun,  sumurthu,  thnk- 

cold 

sildl,  sltala,  dl 

sihil,  seethuln,  al 

common  (ordinary) 

sdmdnya,  podii,  aye 

sa/imahnyu,  pof7ioo,  ugay 

convenient 

yoyya,  sahena    [ndti 

yohgyu,  sahenu       [na^i 

cool 

sihil 

sihil 

damp 

tetvu 

^.e^woo 

dangerous 

antardsaliita 

uD^ura/i-suhi^u 

dark 

kaluvara,  andiira 

kuloowurii,  uniAooroo 

deaf 

bihiri                 [Icuict 

bihiri 

dear  (expensive) 

aldba,   viyadani  al- 

ulrtAbu,  wiyui/aim  ulliuiu 

deep 

ydmbtirit 

gambooroo 

diflterent 

renafi                  \Juihu 

wen us                      [husoo 

difficult 

aindrii,   asiru,  apa- 

nmahroo,    useeroo,    upu- 

dirty 

kilntu,  apavitra 

kilootoo,  upuwiiAru 

distant 

dura,  dta 

thobvu,  afM 

dry 

ciyali,  relicca 

wiyiili,  wa?yliccu 

dull  (of  weather) 

ahduru 

unf/tooroo 

early 

veldmnin,  kalin 

wflf^k/tsunin,  kulin 

easy 

paliasu,  lesi 

puhusoo,  lrt//si 

empty 

his,  pain 

bis,  prtA/oo 

even  (smooth) 

sama,  rain  ndti 

sumu,  rulob  na//zi 

false 

born,  hora 

boroo,  horu 

fast  (quick) 

ikman,  slgra 

ikmun,  seegru 

fine  (small) 

hln,  siymn 

heen,  siyoom 

—  (beautiful) 

kadima,   ya^a,    md- 

kuf/timu,    yusu,    mah- 

ilat 

pdtali               [itdnyi 

pa^'U/i                   [hAuygi 

67 


English, 


foolish 
foreign 
free 
fresh 
—  (of  water) 
full 
funny 

general,  customary 
glad 
good 
great 

hard  (solid) 
heavy 
high 
honest 
hot 

hungry 
idle 

important 
impossible 

inconvenient 

just  (equitable) 

kind 
lame 
late 

—  (recent) 
left 

light  (in  weight) 
little  (small) 
lonely 
long 
loose 
many 
more 
much 
narrow 
necessary 


Sinhalese  (romauized). 


anuvana,  moda    [ka 
pita-7'ata  ,]mra-desi- 
nidahas,  nobahdi 
alut,  amiitu 
miri-diya 

pilrna,2nrima,  m tilii 
vihilnvu,  samaccahu 
sdindnya,  siritvu 
satutuj  prasanna 
hohda,  mand,  yalia- 
loku,  mahat        [pat 
dddi,  tada 
baravu 

usvu,  lhatvu,  Hsasvil 
avamka,  satyavddi 
unit,  ratvil 
bada-ginivil 
alasa,     kamnidli, 

nikam-tibeyia 
vddagat,  harapatala 
nupuliivan-vil,  bdri 

vu,  asakya 
apahasii,  nusiidusii, 

idapddu  madi-vu 
hari,     sdddrana, 


[bar  a 
dayd- 


darniya 
karundvaiita 
kora,  nondi 
prauidda-vu 
nobodd 
vam 

sdhdllu,  lagii 
kiidd,  puinci 
tanivil,  udakaldvu 
dikvfi,  dingu 
bund,  lihundvu 
boho,  noyek 
tava,  vadd 
boJio,  adika 
patu 
ava^ya,  onUmavH 


Pronunciation. 


unoowunii,  mo/idii 

pitii-rutu,  piiru-f/m?/.siku 

ni^Mhus,  noban//?i 

uloo^,  VLmobthoo 

miri-Miyu 

poor?tu,  piroo^/u,  moo/oo 

wihilobwoo,sumucculwoo 

sa/ima/myu,  siri^woo 

su^ootoo,  priisunnu 

honi/iu,munfl/j,yuhupn^ 

lokoo,  muhu^ 

f/tadi,  thuthxL 

buruwoo  [woo 

doswoo,  ihu^woo,  oosns- 

uwu/j^ku,  suthysiwahthi 

donoo,  ru^woo 

budu-giniwoo 

ulusu,  kummali,  nikum- 

^ibenu 
wafMgu^,  burupu^ulu 
noopooZoowun-woo, 
bariwoo,  usukyii 
upuhusoo,  n6osoo^//oo-oo, 
idiiprtAdoo  muiAi-woo 

huri,     sahthahrunii, 
thuvmyn 

kuroona/iwun^u,  thnyah- 

koru,  nondi  [buru 

prumfl/i^/iu-woo 

nohohthah 

wum 

sahalloo,  lugoo 

koodah,  pa/?^ci 

//iuniwoo,  6bMukulrt//woo 

thikwoo,  tJiin(/-gob 

boorool,  iihoona/iwoo 

hohoh,  noyek 

/i[uwu,  wadah 

boho//,  u^/iiku 

putoo 

UW Llsy Ll,   o/l IKIUIU-WOO 


58 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


next 

old  (of  things) 
—  (of  persons) 
opposite 
other 
painful 
poor 
pretty 

pure 

quick 

quiet 

rare 

raw 

real 

rich 

right  (proper) 

ripe  (of  fruit) 

rough 
round 
safe 
3ame 
shallow 

short  (in  length) 
—  (in  height) 
sleepy 

slov,' 

small 

soft 

sorry 

sour 

special 

square 

straight 

strange 

strong 
stupid 


Pronunciation. 


a  nit,  ilaw/a 
par  ana 

ndki,  malialu  [pita 
idiripita,  issaraha- 
vena,  anit  [ijana 
vedand  sahita,  kaki- 
duppat,  d Hindu 
kadima,    kamanlya, 

sundara,  laksana 
^udda,  nirmala 
ikman,  kadisara 
niscala,  samsun 
durlaba,  anagi 
amu 

sdbd,  satya 
pohosat,  danavat 
hari,  nisi,  rju 
pdsunu,  pdhicca, 

idicca  [hiri 

ralu,  ruduru,  ami- 
vatakuru 

nir-upadra  va,surak- 
ema  [sita 

ildmburu  nati 
kota 
niiti 
budi}natvu,    nidi- 

matm 
mayidaj     hemin 

(yana),  pramdda 
kudd,  punici,  sulil 
molok,  mrdu     \yena 
kanagdtu,   diik,    td- 
dmbulf  pdngiri 
vtsesa,  niyama 
hatards,  satara-kon 
ddandti,  rju,aranko 
apurva,    }iuduma, 

ndndunana 
balavat,     cdra-dti, 
)nuda,  takatini  {adra 


uni^,  eelun^gu 
puru/2U 

n<7/<ki,  muhuloo 
if/iiripitvi,  issuruhupitu 
wenu,  wmth  [yunu 

^^aytJixmaJi  suhi^u,  kuki- 
f/<ooppu^,  thilihthoo 
kuf/iimu,    kumuneeyu, 

soon^Aurii,  luk.s7/u«u 
sooththu,  nirmulu 
ikmun,  kudisurii 
ni.sculu,  sufl^soon 
f/ioorlubu,  unugi 
umoo 

saba,  su^yu 
pohosu^,  thunmYuth 
hurl,  nisi,  ?-joo 
pasoouoo,    pahiccu, 

if/iiccu  [hiri 

ruZoo,    roo^Aooroo,    umi- 
vvutukooroo 

nir-oopufAriiwu,    soornk- 
emu  [shithu 

ganibooroo  na^i 
kotu 
miti 
boo^Aimu^woo,    nitki- 

mu^Awoo 
niuniAu,    hemin    (yunu), 

prumaAi/m 
koodrtA,  -pobngci,  sooloo 
molok,  mrtJiob         [wenii 
ku7?ugrtAtdo,    thobk,    thu- 
ambool,  pangiri 
wisayshu,  niyumu 
ha^uras,  su^urii-kon 
a^/mnati,  ?-ioo,  uwun//ku 
upoorwu,     pdo^Aoomii, 

naAn^Aoonunu 
buluwufA,  waru-a^i,  saru 
moAdii,  thukuthirob 


69 


English.               ( 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

sweet 

pdni-rasa,  miyuru, 

pani-rusu,     miyooroo, 

tall 

us              [prasanna 

oos                     [prusunnii 

thick  (in  size) 

gana 

gunu 

tight 

tada 

tjiuthii 

troublesome 

kamdara-sahita. 

kuriu/mru-suhif^u, 

leUam-harana, 

lellum-kuriinu, 

veliesadcna 

wehesu-tAenu 

true 

sdbd,  sati/a,  auanka 

saba,  suthyu,  uwnnyku 

unwell 

asanipa 

usuneepu 

urgent 

ihnanata    onakara- 

ikmuiiutu    ^//nakurunu, 

na,  balafjatu,  dia- 

bulugu^oo,  rt/twu.syuku 

syaka        [dayaka 

[^/i«/iyuku 

useful 

praydja7iavat,   vdda 

pruyoAjunuwu^,    wadu- 

useless 

aprayojana,    aviida, 

upruyo/ijunu,     uwadu, 

nisani      [purudu 

nisuroo        [poorootAoo 

usual 

sirit- eft,  vya  vahdra , 

siri^-woo,  wyuvvuha/<ru, 

vai-ious 

)ioyek,  (meka,  viiida 

noyek,  unrt^ku,  wiwi^/ju 

warm 

umihum 

do)20ohoom 

weak 

darvala,     belahlna, 

^/Aoorwulu,  beluheenu 

rasak-kedii,  otani 

wusuk-ka?/do6,  o^ani 

well  (healthy) 

saulpa-vil,  siita-pat 

suneepuwoo,  soowupu^. 

whole 

Niulii,  sauiasta 

moo/oo,  sumus^u 

wide 

palal,  risdla,  patala 

puZul,  wisa/du,  pu^u/u 

worth  (in  value) 

va'tind,   ayand,   age 

wutinrt//,    uguna/i,    wgay 

worthless 

no  vatind,  aye  [dfi 

no  wutina/t,  ngay      ['dthi 

ndti,  nisprayojana 

Buthi,  ni.spruyo/giinii 

wrong 

idradi,    harindti, 

waru^/a,     hurina^i, 

ayiitu 

11  y  do //(do 

young 

bdla,  taruna,  yuva 

ha/iiu,  tknrdonvi,  ydowu 

Yerbs.*     {Kriya-cacana.) 

N.B. — The  hyphen  attached  to  the  preterite  ibrm  (in  paren- 
theses) indicates  that  the  latter  is  to  be  read  with  the 
unchangeable  portion  of  the  verb  ;  for  example,  the  preterite 
of  pili-yannard  is  pili-yattd,  not  sinsply — yattd. 

Where  alternative  Sinhalese  verbs  are  given,  the  more 
ordinary  meaning  precedfs  the  secondary  or  figurative  one. 

*  For  the  Grammar  of  Verbs  see  pp.  f-G-y3. 


60 


English. 


To  accept 

add 

allow 

(permit) 

answer 

(reply) 

(be  responsible: 

appear 
arrange 

(in  a  row) 
(put  in  order) 

arrive 
—  at 

(reach  > 

ask  (question) 

(Inquire) 

ask  for 

(beseech) 


assist 

bark 

bathe 

beat 

(flog,  &c.> 

(strike,  of  clocli) 
(knock,  ringi,  ir. 

become 

begin 

believe 

(trust) 

bend 

(make  crooliCHli 

bite 

(and  eat 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


jnli-f/annavd   (pret. 

-ffattcl) 
eWi-gannavd  (-c/attd) 
eka  tii-lm  ran  avd{  -ha  Id) 
ida-armard  (-driyd) 
aca^ara-deuavd 

{-dinwd)  [nd) 

uttara-denavd   {-dun 
pilituru-denavd 
vacia-kiyanavd  {-klvd) 
penenacd  [penund) 
piltct'lata    tahanavd 

(tdbuvd) 
sakas  karanavd(-kald) 
pa  ni-inenavd  {-unimd) 
Henda-venavd  (-vimd) 
lahgd-venavd 
ahanavd  (ahiivd) 
vied  ranard  {-ruvd) 
illanavd  {illuvd) 
ayadinavd  (ayaducd, 

aydddd) 
upakdra-karana rd 

(-kald) 
udav-venava  (-vtind) 
pi]iita-venavd{-nind) 
huranavd  (Inruvd) 
nana  I'd  (ndcd) 
f/ahaiiara  {gdhurd) 
talanavd  {tdlnvd) 
ladinavd  {vddand) 
tatUi-venavd  (-viiiid) 
tatti(  -karanavd{-ka  Id 
venavd  (ytind) 
patan-yannavdi-yatfd) 
vificdxa-karanavd 
adahanavd  (ddaJiuvd) 
nainanavd  {nd)ni(vd) 
.  dda-kaianavd  {-kald) 
(] Jiapaiiard  {/it'ipiird) 
u Jiapd-kanavd  {-kdrd) 


pi^i-gunnuw(//t  {-guththah) 

[thah) 
aythtjioo-guuimwah    {-guth- 
eku^oo-kurunuwaA  (Im^aA) 
idu-nri//uwrt/<  (-ariya/i) 
uwiisuru-^Aenuwa/i   {-tlidon- 

naJi.)  [nah) 

doththm-ii-tlieumxah  {-thoon- 
i^ilifhoorob-thenvLwah 
wugu-kiyunuwa/i  (-keewW/) 
penenuwo/i  (penoonaA) 
pi/iweZutu  thuhunwah  {thsi- 

bo6wa/<) 
sukus-kiiruniiwaA  {-kulah) 
pam-inenuw«/i  {-obnoonah) 
saynthoo-wenuwah  (-woona/i) 
luTiggah-weimwah 
uhunuwa/t  (ahoowrt/i) 
wic«/i-rTinuw(7//  (-roow«//) 
illiinuwfl/i  (illoowa/*) 
uyvithmmYah    {nyiithoowah, 

njSitJithaJi) 
oopukrt  A  ru  -  k  iirunu  w«'  h 
^{-Imlah)  ^ 

ooi/tuw-wenuwa/i  {-^voonaJi) 
pihitu-wenuwrt//  {-^Y^6nah) 
boorunuwaA  (biroowrt/i) 
nahnmyah  (iiawrt/i) 
guhiiniiwa/i  (gaboowa/*) 
thuliinuvfah  (I/?a/oowa/i)  • 
wuf/anuw«/<  {-Yvathobnah) 
^uttoo-weniiwaA  {-woonah) 
/7/uttoo-kuruiiuwa/t  {-kulah) 
wenuwrt/i  {-woonah)     [thah] 
putim-giminiwrt/<     (-gu^- 
w  i  swrt  //  sii  -  k  li  I'u  n  u  w</  // 
uf//uhunii wa/i  {at/aihoowaJi) 
niimuninvrt/;  (namoowrtA) 
af/.'U-kiiruDiiwc/A  {■kiilalt) 
bupunuwrtA  (hapoowaA) 
hnp(/A-kunii\vrt//  (-kawa/t) 


61 


English. 

fcoboil(liciuids), 
inlr. 

fcabbage,&c.),  ir. 

— ,  i7itr. 
break,  tr. 

(brittle  things) 

— ,  intr. 

bring 

build 

(establish) 

buy 
call 

(summon,  in- 
vite) 

carry 
change,  tr. 

(exchange) 

,  vitr. 

choose 

(pick  out) 

climb 
close 

(block  up) 

collect,  tr. 

(gather) 

come 

(honoriflc) 


consent 


cough 
count 

(audit) 


I     Sinhalese  (romanized). 

f\natanavd  (natitva) 
y  utiiranavd  {ittiruvd) 


tamhanavd  {tdiiilmrd] 
tinnbenavd  (tdmbimd] 
kadanava  [kdduvd) 
bindinavd  (bindd) 
hddenavd  {kddinid) 
b ihdena vd  (b indun a) 
f/menard  (gendvd) 
gnda-vaganavd   {-nd 

iinvd)  [tew  a 

piJdtuvan  a  vd    (pih  i- 
mileta  gannavd 

(gattd) 
ahda-gahanavd 

(-gdhuvd)       [deiwd 
kimdavanavd     {kdh 
gena-yanavd  {-giyd) 
vt')ias-karanava[-kald) 
mdru-karanava 
venas-venavd  (^-vimd) 
)ndnL-venavd 
toranavd  {teriivd) 
tord-cjannavd  {-gattd) 
naginavd  (ndggd) 
vahanavd  (vdhuvd) 
aliuranavd  [dhuruvd) 
rds-karanava 
ekatn-karanavd 
enavd  (dvd) 
elam-benavd  {-bund) 
yahapat-venacd 

(-vund) 
vadinavd  {-vddiijd) 
j  ekanga-venavd  {-vund) 
\  fsaminata-ve^iaid 
kahinavd  {kdssd) 
ganinavd  {gdnnd) 
ganan-balanavd 

{-bdluvd) 


PronunciaHon. 


nutiiiraw(Y/i  (natoowrtA) 
oo/i/cTorunuwr///   (i/^ooroo- 

wali)  [wait) 

/// uml)unuwa/<    {tjiiu n b(5o- 
ijiix.rnhenm\ah{th\  inbobnaA) 
kudiuiuwrt/i  (kadd6\v«A) 
bin^Ainuw«/i  (bin^Aa/<) 
kadenuwa/i  (kadoona/i) 
hihtheniiwah  {hihthobnah) 
gerionuwah  {genahwalt) 
godu-nugunuwrtA   (-nagoo- 

Wrt/t)  [tevvwaA) 

pihitoo  -  wunuwa//      (  pihi- 
mila^tu  gunnuwa/i  (gu^- 

thah) 
undu-guhuniiwa/t    (-gahoo- 

wa/t)  [wall) 

kaniA  uw  unu  W(r/  h    (kan  t/iew  - 
ge?iu-yunuwrt/i  {-g'lyah) 
v\^enus-kiirunuwaA  {-kulah) 
mnf  Aroo-  kiirfmu  wa  A 
wenus- wenuwa/t  (- woowah) 
mahioo-  wenuwa/i 
thohvanijLwah  {tjiayvobwah) 
tjidhva h -gun nuwrt h    (-gu iJi - 
imghmwah  {nSbggaJi)    [thah) 
\\ulmnm\ali  (walio6w«/<) 
uhoorunuwa/f  (ahooroowaA) 
ras-kurunuwrt// 
eku  /Ado  -kuriiD  uwa  A 
enviwaJi  {ahwaii) 
elum-benuwoA  (-boonaA) 
y  uhupu  ^- Yv  enu  wrt  A 

(-woonaA) 
wudinuwaA  (wadiyaA) 
ekun^gu-weniiwaA(-woouaA) 
summu^u-wenuwaA 
kuhinuwaA  (kassaA) 
gu?iinuwaA  (gannaA) 
guwun-bulunuwaA    (-baloo- 

waA) 


English. 


to  cut 
decide 

(terminate) 

die 

(perish! 

dismiss 


(remove) 

divide 
do 
— ,  make 

doubt  (suspect)  f 
(not  sure)  v 

dream 
drink 

drive  (anlmal) 

drive  away 

(expel) 

dry,  «r. 
--,  intr. 
dry  up 
eat 

(houoriflcally) 

explain 

(describe) 

faint 
fall 

(to  lower) 
(to  descend) 

fill,  tr, 

— ,  intr. 
find,  tr. 
iinish 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


fly 


kapana vd  {kdpuvd) 
niicaya-karanava 

i'kald) 
tlnda-karanavd 
miirenavd  [mar una) 
nasinavd  {ncisund) 
paha-karanavd 
ahak-karanavd 
bedanavd  (becluvd) 
karanavd  (kald) 
sddanavd  [saduvd) 
sdka-karanavd  (kald) 
anumdna-karanavd 
kina-dakinavd  {-ddk- 

kd)  [97  d) 

hma-penenavd  {penu- 
bonavd  (bird) 
dakkanavd [ddkkuvd) 
elavanavd  (elevvd) 
nera-panavd  (-puvd) 
velanavd  (veliivd) 
velenavd  (velund) 
hindenavd  (hindiind) 
kmiavd  (kavd) 
valah-danavd  {-diivd) 
sappdyam-venavd 

,,        -karanavd 
tord-denavd  (-dunnd) 
vista  ra  -  ka  rayiavd 
kldnta-venavd  (-vund) 
ma  Idnika-veiiavd 
vdtenavd  (vat and) 
pahat-karanavd 
bahinavd  (bdssd) 
puravanavd  hnrevvd) 
pirenavd  (pirund) 
soyd  i/annavd  {(/attd) 
tlndii-,  ivara-,  nima- 

karanavd 
piydsara-karana  vd 
piydmbanavd     ( pi- 

[ydmbd) 


kupiiuuwa/t  (kapoowaA) 
niscuyu-kurunuwa/f 

i-kulah) 
theenthoo-kxivu.n\i\Yah 
marenuw<2/i  (maroona/i) 
nusimiwa/t  (nasoonrt/t) 
p  uhu-  kiirun  uwa  h 
uh  u  k-  kurunii  wd/t 
hethmmwah  (hethoowah) 
kurunuwa/i  (kulah) 
sahthmm^Nah  (sSLthobwah) 
saku-kurunuwa/i  (-knlah) 
unooma/inu-kurunuwa/i 
heenn-tlmkinxLwah  {-th&k- 

kah)  [nah) 

heenu-pe7?eniiw«/i  (penoo- 
boniiwrt/t  (beewa/t) 
iAukkiinuwa/i  (tha.kkoo'wah) 
eluwunuwa/t  (elewwa/i) 
neru-punuwa/i  (-poowa/i) 
wai/lunuvva/i  (wayloowa/i) 
waylenuwah  (wa^/loona/i) 
hmthenuwah  [hmthoonah) 
kunuwrt//.  (kawa/i) 
wu/un-tAuniiwa/t  {-thoowah) 
suppaAyu/i^-wenuwa/t 
supp«/<yu/j^-kurunuwa/i 
thoJivah-thenuwah  {-thoon- 
wis^iiru-kurunuwa/i    [nah) 
klaJinthii-wenvLwah  (-\\o6- 
muZa/miku-wenuwa/i     [nah) 
watenuwa/<  (watoonrt/i) 
pubu^-kurunuwa/i 
buhinuwa/i  (bassa/i) 
pooruwunuwa/i  (pireww?//*) 
pirenuwflf/i  (piroona//) 
soya/i  gunnuwa/i.  (gi'^tjlthah) 
tjieent.uoo-,    iwuru-,    nimu- 

kuruDuwa/t 
piya/isurii-kiirunuw«/t 
piyrt//mbunuwa/i  (piyambaA) 


English. 

to  follow         / 

forget 
forgive,  tr. 
gain,  win     j 
I, 
gather 
get,  obtain 
get  up  i 


give 

go 
guide 

hang,  tr. 
— ,  intr. 
have 
hear 
help 
hire 

hit,  tr. 
hold 

interpret 
invite 

join,  tr, 

— ,  intr. 
keep 

kill 

knock  at 

know 

—  (a  person) 

laugh 

learn 

lend(money) 

—(things) 

lie  down 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


pasisc-'ijanavd  ( 
anuva  yanavd 
mataka  nd'i  venavd 
kamd-karanaid 
dinanavd  idinuvd) 
dind  ganiiavd  {-gattd) 
ekkdsu- ,  rds-ka  ran  a  vd 
(ahd-gannard 
nd(jitmavd(7idgidund) 
naginacd  (ndggd) 
denavd  (dannd) 
yanavd  (gigd) 
mag a    penvanavd 

(pennnvd) 
ellanavd  {elliivd) 
ellenavd  (ellund) 
tibenavd  (tibund) 
dhenavd  {lihnnd) 
upakdra-karanard 
k u liya ta  ga nna vd 

{gattd) 
gahauavd  (gdhnrd) 
allanavd  {cilluvd) 
alia  gaiinai'd  {gattd) 
toika - kiya navd  {-klvd) 
drddand-karanavd 
dm  a  n  t  ranaya-karana- 
saudi-karanacd 
imttu-karanavd 
pilttu-venavd 
tabd  gamiavd 
maranavd  {maruvd) 
prdna-lidni-karanavd 
tattu-karanavd 
da n na  vd  {ddna gattd) 
awbuiana vd  {dndunu- 
hinaha-venavd       [vd) 
igena-gannavd 
nayata  denavd{diinnd) 
kalakata  denavd 
hdnsi-,  digd- venavd 


jiyd)    pu3sa//-yuniiwrt/i  (-giy^/') 
I  unoo  A  u-yunuwa/i 
mu/7/uku  nat/?i  wenuwrtA 
kumrt/i-kuriinuw^«/i . 
tlimwnwwali  (t/anoow'///) 
thmali  gunnuwa/i {guthtjri/i) 
ekka/tsoo-,  ras-kuriinuwrt/i 
luba/t-gunnuwa/i 
nagitinuwa/i  (nagootoona/i) 
nuginuw«A  (nagga/i) 
theimvfah  {thoonnah) 
yunuwa/i  {gijah) 
mugu-penwunuwa/i     (-pen- 

noowa/i) 
elluniiwaA  (elloowa/i) 
ellenuwcf/i  (elldona/i) 
^ibenuwa/i  (^iboonaA) 
ahenuwa/i  (ahoona/t) 
oopukaAru-kurunuwrt/< 
kooliyutii  gnnim^vah  {gnth- 

thaJi) 
guhunuwa/i  (gahoowa//) 
ullunuwrt/«  (alloowrt/<) 
wWali  gunnuwflA  {gutJithaJi) 
^o/ilku  kiyunu\vrt/t(-keewrt//) 
a  h  vah  th  \niak-k\\  run  u  wa7i 
a/anun^ru??uyii-kuriinuw«A 
\yd\  sun/Zii-kurunuwff/* 
I  poottdo-kuriiniiwrt/i 
poottoo-wenuwa/i 
thihah  gunnuwa/i 
murunuw«/i  (maroowa/t) 
pra/mu-h«/mi-kuruniiwaA 
i^uttoo-kuriinuwrtA 
f/iunniiwa/i  {tha,niignththah) 
uni/<6onunuwa/i  (anf/ioonoo- 
hinuhu-wenuw6r/t  [wah) 

igenu-gunnuwah 
nuyutu  thenuwah  {thoonn&h) 
kulukutu  theuHwah 
ha^nsi-,  t/aga A- wenuwa/t 


64 


English. 


to  lift,  raise  (a 
thing) 
(eyes,  &c.) 
lijjhfc  (lamp, 
live       [fire) 
— ,  reside 
lock 
look  at 
look  for 

(expect) 

lose 
love 

make  J 

1 

manage 

mend  (repair)     j 
(put  right)  1 

mistake 


mix,  tr. 

move,  tr. 
— ,  shake 
ohject 

(to  be  against) 

offer  / 

open,  tr. 

— ,  intr. 
order 

pack  (tie  up  in 

a  bundle) 
—  (In  a  box) 

pay 

perspire 

pick  up         / 

play 
pour 


Sinhalese  (romanized).     | 


Pronunciation. 


usmnavd  (isswd) 

osavana vd  {isnvii rd) 
pattii-karanard 
jirat-veudvd 
vdmya-lmrana  vd 
af/nl-la7iavd  {-lavd) 
halanavd  (biiliivd) 
soyanavd  (aervd) 
bald  siti)tard  {sitij/d) 
ndti-voiavd  (-vinid) 
del  are  venavd 
sddanavd  (saduvd) 
hadanavd  (lidduvd) 
kalamand-karanavd 
alut-vddhjd-karanavd 
harigassanavd    {Jiari- 

f/dssuvd) 
ra )  a  din  a  rd    (ydrad  u- 

nd) 
misra-,     kalavam- 

karanard 
ahak-karanavd 
solavanavd  [selevvd) 
viriidda-venard 

pudanavd  (pidnrd) 

opint-karanavd 

arinard  {driyd) 

arcuavd  (driivd) 

aiia-haranavd 

m  iti  bahdin  avd  (ban  dd) 

aduk-karanavd 
gcvanavd  {gcvvd) 
dddiya-danmnard 

(-dam  ma) 
avulanavd  (dvtduvd) 
dhindin  a  rd  (dhindd) 

i  sell  am  karanard 
vakkaranavd  {rdkku- 

I      riivd,  rakkald) 


oossuniiwfi/i  (issoowa//) 

osu V,  un u w<? h  (i soo won wa h ) 
pu  iJi  f// 00-  kuriinuwrt  A 
j  ee  w  u  ^-  wenuwaA 
wrtAsuyu-kurunuwrt/t 
ugool-lun  u  wall  ( -  law  a  h ) 
bulunuwaA  (baloowrt/i) 
soyunu\V(7/i  (sew wait) 
hnlah  sitmxLwah  {sitiyaJi) 
nsbthi-wenmwah  (-wobnah) 
ahtlmray'^Yennwah 
saltthmmwah  [f^aJitlioowa/i ) 
huf//iinuwr/A  (ba^//oowa//) 
kii/iimnna/i-kurnnuwaA 
ulo6^-wadiy«/i-kuru?iuwfl/< 
huri-gussuniiwa/i     (-gassoo- 

wa/t) 
Viiirut/iiimwah    (waru^Aoo- 

nah) 
misru-,    kuluwum-kurunu- 

wah 
uhuk-kurunuwa/i 
soluwunuwa/i  (selewwa/i) 
wirooi//Y/iii-wenuwa  A 

poof/mnuwa/t  (pifhoowah) 

oppoo-kurunuw^aA 

urinuwa/i  (sbviyah) 

arenuwrt/i  (aroona/i) 

U7iu-kuruniiwa/t 

miti  bunf/anuwa/i  (hsinthah) 

udook-kurunuwa/t 
gewunuw«/<  (gewwa/t) 
dahthiyii-tJi  amiinii  wa/j, 

{-thiimmah) 
u^vooIimiiw(7/t  (awoolo6w« A ) 
ah i n thinmya It  (ah i n tii ah ) 
sellum-kurunii'\\Y//i 
I  wnkkurunuwrt/t  (wakkoordo- 

wah,  \\\\kk\\lah) 


66 


English. 


to  prepare 

prevent 

promise 

pull 
push 

put,  place 

put  off  (time) 
rain 
read 
receive 
— ,  accept 
remain,  stay 


remember 

rest    (become 
quiet) 

—  (from  fatigue) 

return  (tum 

back  and  go) 

—  (to  come  back) 

ring  (bell, 

&c.) 
run 
save 

say 
see 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


inliyela-,   sudanam-  ipiZiyeZu-,     ^oothalmmn- 

karanavd        [kuva\      kurunuwa/t  [w«/i) 

valakvanavd  (valak-  i  wuluk-wunuwa/i  (walakkoo- 
porondu-vetiai'd  \  poroni//oo-wenuwa/i 

baha-denavd  {-dunnd)hvi\m-t1iQri\VNah  (-thoonnah) 
adinava  {dd,ld)  Inthmnwah  {aththah) 

tallu-karanavd  ,  ^uUoo-Kurunuwrt/i 

j  thwhxmviVfah  {tha.ho6wah) 
ithiyuniiwah  (thiwoosvah) 
\th\imiinxLwah  {thumoowah) 
!kul-(/mmiinuwa/t    {-thamdo- 
vahinavd  {vdfisd)   [rd)iwuhinuwa/i  (wass«/t)     [\va/* 
kiyavanavd  {kii/ err  a). kiyuwanuwah  (kiyewwa/t) 
labanavd  (Idburd)       |lubunuwa/i  (laboowa/t) 
pili-,  bdra-gannavd    jpi/i-,  b«Aru-gunnuwa/t 
nawu^ee  sitinuwa/i 
jporo^^oo-,     nu^uru- 
\      wenuwa/i 
'  sihipu^-kuru-gunnuwa/t 


tahanavd  (tdbtird) 
tiyanavd  {tinivd) 
damanavd  {ddiinicd) 
kal-damanava  (damn- 


send 

sew 
shave 
(beard) 

•    I'o  the 
Sinhalese  S.-T. 


ndvatl  sitinava 
porottu-,    natara- 

venavd 
siliipat-kara-fjanna  I'd 
matak-,  sihi-venavd 
niscala-venavd 
giman-arinavd 

{■driya) 
hdrl-yanavd  {-(jiyd) 

hdri  enavd  {dvd) 
{slnuva,    &c.)     tattu 

karanavd 
duvanavd  {divnrd) 
galavanavd  {;id'evrd) 
mudanavd  (inidnvd) 
kiyanavd  (kivd) 
dakinavd  (ddkkd) 
penenavd  {penund) 
evanavd^^  {evuvd) 
yavanavdi  {ydvuvd) 
arinavd\  (driyd) 
maJianavd  {indJuicd) 
rdviila-kapanavdy 
-bdnavd    (rdvida- 
kdpuvd,  -bdvd) 

Idt  or  :^ud  person. 


imu^uk-,  sihi-\venuwa/t 
I  nisciilu-wenuwa/t 

jgimun-urinuwa/t  (-ariya/t) 

I 

I  haree-yunuw«/i  {-giyah) 

;  haree  enuwa/i  {ahwah) 
'  ^^uttoo-kurunuwa/i 

thoowmmwah  (thhvoowah) 
guluwunuw«/<  (galewwa//) 
moo^/mnuwa/i  (ini^AoowaA) 
kiyunuwrt/i  (keewrtA) 
thukinusvah  tJmkkah 
penenuwa/i  (penoona/t) 
ewunuwa/i  (ewoowrt/t) 
yuwunuwa/i  (yawoowa/t) 
urinuwa/t  (ariya//) 
muhunuwa/i  (mahoowaA) 
rawoolu-kupunuwrtA,     -hah* 

nuwa/^      (rawoolu-kapoo- 

wah,  -bawrtA) 

1  To  tlie  3rd  persoo. 


Enpl'sh. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


to  shave 
(head) 
shine 
— ,  glitter 

show 


shut,  cover 
— ,  close 
sing  (of  per- 
sons) 
(of  birds) 

sit 


smoke  (cig- 
sneeze  [ars) 
sow 

spend 

stand 

start,  set  out 
steal 
stop,  tl'. 

— ,  intr. 
— ,  close 
swim 
take 

talk,  speak  / 

tear 

tell,  relate 

thank 

think 

throw 

tie 

touch 

travel 


isa-hu(jdnavd{-huyavd) 
isa-mudu-karanavd 
habalanavdipcibaluvd) 
dili-henavd  (-/umd) 
penvanard  [jwnnuvd) 
(lakrana vd  [dakkuvd) 
vahanavd  [vdhavd) 
piyanavd  (picnvd) 
sindu-kiijanavd{-klvd) 
(jltikd  karanava 
ndda-karanara 
inda-gannavd 
vddi-venavu 
nidd-gannavd(-!/attd) 
hudhjanavd 
suruttii-hona  vd  (-bird) 
kim-bildnavd  (-bism) 
vapuranavd    {vdpn- 

ruvd) 
viyadain-karanavd 
ndgita-Jiitwavd{-hiti- 
/dtat-venavd  \t/d) 

ho }  -a  ka  m-karana  va 
navatvanavd  {ndvdt- 

tuvd)  [vd 

navatinavd,  toracena- 
aliuranard  {aJiiwuva) 
plnanavd  [pinurd) 
gannavd  (gattd) 
katd-karanavd 
dodanavd  (dedurd) 
iranavd  {iriivd) 
kiyanavd  (kird) 
stuti-karanavd 
hitanavd  {hituvd) 
kalpand-karanavd 
visi-karanavd 
baiidinavd  (bdndd) 
atagdnavd  {atayard) 
gaman-karanavd 
gaman-yanavd  {-giyd) 


Pronunciation. 


isii-booga/muwa^  (-booga- 
is?7'-moodoo-kurunuwa7?  [wa/i) 
b u bull!  n u w ah  ( babuloo wa/* ) 
thiYi-heumvah  {-hoonah) 
penwuniiwt//i  (pennoowaA) 
f/aikwunuwaA  («Aakkoowa/i) 
\vuhiinuwa/«  (waboowa/t) 
piyuniiwrt/t  (piwoowYz/t) 
siuMd6-kiyunuwa/t(-keewa/t) 
geethikah  kurunuwa/i 
nahiAu-kiirunuwa/i 
int/m-guhnuwrtA 
wa/tdi-wenoowfl/t 
mtluih-^unnmYaJti-gutJithah) 
boo^/ayuniiw«/i  [yvah) 

sooroottoo-bonuwa//,   (bee- 
kim-biliinuwrt/i  (-biss(//<) 
wupoorunuwaA  (wapooioo- 

wa/i) 
wiyu^//um  kurunuwaA 
nagitu-bitinuwrt/i  [-hitiy ah) 
pitu^-wenuwrtA 
horukum-kuriinuwaA 
nuwu^-wunuwaA  (nawu//^- 

thoowah)  [wah 

ninvu/7tinuw«A,    thovuwenu- 
uhoorunuwaA  (ahooroowa//) 
peenuniiwrt/i  (penoowaA) 
gunnuwa/i  (guththah) 
kuth(//t-kurunu\va/i 
thodmmwah  (thedoowah) 
irunuwrt//  (iroowrt/i) 
kiyuiiuwa/t  (keewah) 
stJidoth'i-km'Vinmyah 
hitjiunuwah  (hi tjidow ah) 
kulpuna/i-kurunuwa/i 
wisi-kurunuwrt/t 
bun«/iinuwa/t  (hiiuthah) 
u^uga/muwa/t  (u^ugaw«/<) 
gumun-kuriinuwa/i 
gumun-yunuwct/i  (-giy^'O 


67 


English. 


to  try 
turn,  t7- 


turn,  intr. 

understand 

use 
wait 


I     Sinhalese  (romanized).     I 

\vayam-,     utsdha- 

karanavd 
haravanavd  (hdrevvd) 
karakavanavd  (kara- 

kdvvd) 
hdrenavd  {hdrund) 
per  a  len  avd  [peralund 


Pronunciation. 


walk 

want 
watch 
— ,  guard 
wear,  put 
on,  tr. 

(by  rubbing), 

intr. 

weigh,  tr. 
— ,  intr. 

wish 

work 
wrap 

—  (round) 

—  (cover  with  a 
Bbawl,  blanket) 


oo^/isa/<hu-kurunu- 


wayum- 

wa/t 
huruwunuwaA  (harewwa/j) 
kurukuwunuwa/i    (kuru- 

kawwa/i) 
harenuwa/t  (haroona/t) 
perutenuwa/i  (peru/oona/i) 
karakd-venavd(-vunci)\^\XTXikd,-yfQXi\r^ah  (-woona*^^ 


ternm.  gannava 
terenavd  (tentnd) 
terum  yanavd 
pdvicci-  karana  vd 
ndva  tlsitina  vd  (sitiyd) 
porottu-venaid 


thayvoom.-gunnu'wah 
thayrenuwah  {thayYoonah) 
thayvo6m.-y\in-dwah 
pa/twicci-kurunuwa/t 
nawu^ee  sitinuwa/i(sitiya/j) 
I  poro^^oo-wenuwa/i 


dvidinavd  (dviddd) 
sahnam-karanavd 
ona-karanavd,-venavd 
baldgannavd 
rdka-sitinavd 
andinavd  (dndd)  [da 
palandinavd   (/idldu- 
gevenavd  [gevimd) 
\gevi  yanavd 
kiranavd  (kiriivd) 
kirenavd  {kiritnd) 
kdmativa    sitin  a  vd 
dM-venavd     [{sUiyd) 
vdda-karanavd 
otanava  (etuvd) 
velanavd  {vehivd) 


awii/dniiwa/i  {3,withthah) 
sukmu/i^-kurunuwa/i 
(j/ma-kurunuwaA,  -wenuw«// 
bula/i-gunnuwa/i 
raku-sitinuwrt/i 
u?l^/tinuwa/i  [smthah) 
puluntAinuw«/i  (paZanf //«/<) 
gewenuwa/t  (gewoona//) 
gewee  yunuwa/t 
kirunuwa^  (kiroowaA) 
kirenuwa^  (kiroonaA) 
kamu^iwu  sitinuwa/i   (siti- 
a/t-sa/i-wenuwa/t  [y«^0 

.  wadu-kurunuw«A 
io^unuwaA  (ethoowah) 
we/unuwaA  (weioowaA) 


jieravanavd  iperevvd)  peruwunuwa/i  (perewwaA) 


About,  nearly 
above 


according  to 


across 
after 


Adverbs,  Conjunctions,  Prepositions,  etc 

(Nipdta-pada.) 
pamana,  vdge  pumu?2U,  wahgay 

uda,udin,ihala,ihalin,  oodu,  dodin,ihuZii,ihuZin 

ihata,  vadd,  vddiyen 
hdtiyata,   paridden, 

prakdrayata      [hata 
haraha,  harahin,  hara 
passe,  passeUy  anuva 


ihu^u,  wudaA,  wa'diyen 
hatiyutu,    T^unththen, 

prukaAruyutu  [hutu 
huruhu,  huruhin,  huru- 
pussai/,  pussen,  unoowu 


68 

English.           1 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronunciation. 

after,  afterwards 

pasiij    pasuva,    ikhiti, 

pusoo,  pusoowu,  ikbi^i, 

ikhitten 

ikbi^^en 

again 

navata,  ncivatat,  yalit 

nawu^u,    nawut^u^, 
yuli^ 

against 

virnddava,  ediriva 

wirooi/i^/iuwu,  e^/i?"riwu 

— ,  opposite  to 

idiripita 

ii/iiripitu                      [wu 

alone 

taniyama,  hudakaldva 

^uniyumu,  hoo^/mkuk/<- 

almost  (all) 

sahamulinma  vdge 

suhumoolinmu  wahgai; 

also 

-t,  favada,  drat 

-th,  thuwatJiu,  aru^ 

although 

ese  numut,  ehet 

esay  noomoo^,  ehe^ 

altogether,  quite 

yiiulumaninma,  saha- 

mooloomuninmu,   suhu 

mulinma 

moolinmu 

always 

nitarama,     tissema, 

ni^urumu,  ^issrt^mu, 

niraturuma 

niru^ooroomu 

among  (st) 

atare 

VLthmay 

— ,  from 

ataren 

nthmen 

and 

-t,  saha,  -da 

-th,  suhu,  -thvL 

anyhow 

koyihdti  nuvmt,  koho- 

koyihati-noomoo^,     ko- 

ma  nmnut 

homu  noomdo/7i 

anywhere 

kisi    Umaka,    kohevat. 

kisi-^anuku,  hohaywuth. 

kotana-numut 

ko  ^unu  -  n  00  m  00 /^ 

around 

vatakara,  vateta,   hat- 

wutukuru,     wutai/tu, 

pasin 

hahth-^usin 

as 

lesa,  hdtiyata 

lesu,  hatiyutu 

— ,  because 

hdvin,  seyin,  nisd 

bawin,  seyin,  nis«A 

— ,  whilst 

kalhi,  atara 

kulhi,  u^/iuru 

before 

idiriyehi,    idiripita, 

idiriyehi,    ii/iiripitu, 

hamuye 

humooyai/ 

— ,  adv. 

issara,    issarin,    pala- 

issuru,  issurin,  pu/umoo- 

muven 

wen 

behind 

passe,  pitipasse,  anuva, 

pussa?/,  pitipussrt  v>  unoo- 

pasuva 

wu,  pusoowu  . 

below,  undet 

pahala^    pahata,   yata, 

puhuZu,   puhu^u,  yutii. 

yatin 

yutin 

heside^near,  pre2J 

langa,  samlpe,  ydva 

lunggu,  sumeepe,  yahwii 

— ,  in  addition 

dra 

aru 

beside (s),  adv. 

drat,  tavada 

aru^,  thvLwvithu. 

between 

atare,  mdda 

nthuray,  maf/m 

but,  conj. 

numut,  ehet 

noomoo^,  ehe^ 

— ,  prep. 

dra,  misa,  pamanak 

aru,  misu,  pummuik 

by,  near,  prep. 

langa,  veta,  ata 

lu%gii,  we^^ii,  u^u 

69 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

Pronun^^iation. 

by  (agent) 

-in,  -en,  -visiyi,  karana 

-in,  -en,  -wisin,  kurunu- 

Icotagena 

kotuge?«u 

certainly 

sattakatama,  sahatika- 

su^^ukutumu,  suhu^i- 

lesa 

kulesu 

daily 

(lavaspata,  dinapatd 

thah 

during 

-ddi,  ataraturedl 

-ththee,    uthuv-athobvay' 

early 

veldf>anin,  kalin,veldpa- 

T  /I      Q 

waylahmnin,  kulin,  way- 

hen 

la^puhen 

either... or 

va  ,..vat,  ho... ho 

wu^...wu^,  hoh...hoh 

especially 

pii  ddnakota,    vi4e§a- 

pru^ALi'mukotu,    wisay- 

u... 

su  aesu 

even 

pavd 

puw^/A 

everywhere 

sama-tdnama 

samd-^anumii 

except 

lira,  hdra,  vind 

aril,  harii,  winah 

far 

dura,    durin,    durata, 

thoorii,  thobviu,  «/<6oriitu, 

atin 

a^in 

for,  ;;;•(?;). 

nisd,    udesd,    f^andahd, 

msah,uthesah,suhthuha/i, 

venuvata,  pinisa 

wenoowiitii,  pi?iisu 

— ,  conj. 

maknisdda  kivot 

muknisa/tt/m  keewo^ 

here 

mehi,  metana 

mehi,  me^iinu 

hero  and  there 

ehi    mehi,     oba   vioba, 

ehi    mehi,    obu    mobu, 

atarin  patara 

u^urin  pu^uru 

how 

kohomada,  keseda 

kohomiiiM,  kesaytJm 

how  much 

kopamanada,  koccarada 

koTpummmthu,  koccuriif/m 

how  many 

kl  denekda,  klyakda 

kee^Aenekf/iii,  keeyukt/m 

how  often 

kl-vitakda,  kisdrayak- 

keewitukt/iii,  keesariiyuk- 

da 

thii 

however 

koyihdti  numut,   koho- 

koyihati  noomoo^,  koho- 

ma  numut 

mii  noomoo^ 

immediately 

keneJi ima,    sanehima , 

kenehimii,    se?iehimu, 

evalema 

ewula?/mii 

m 

tula,  tule,  antarayehi 

tjioolu,  thoolay,  un^urii- 
yehi 

indeed,  adv. 

dttatama,  sdhdvatama 

a^^iitumu,  sabawutiimu 

— ,  inter. 

hahada  ! 

haba«/m 

Inside 

dtulehi,  tula 

a^ooZehi,  thoolu. 

into 

tnlata,  tula 

thdoluiu,  tJiooliX 

just,  exactly 

hariyata 

huriyutu 

nearly 

kittulesa 

kittooiesii 

70 


English. 


never 

next 

notwithstanding 

now,  adv. 
— ,  just 
now  and  then 
often 
on,  upon 
only,  ad.     (See 

also  alone) 
opposite 
or 
over 

perhaps,  proba 

bly 
quietly 

recently 

scarcely 
seldom 
since,  jyrep. 

— ,  conj. 
slowly 

so,  thus 
sometimes 

somewhere 

soon 

still,  yet 

than 

then 

there 

therefore 

through 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


kavaddvat  ndlid 

ilannata 

ehet,  e  koyihdti  numut 

dan 

me  dan 
indaliitald 
noyekvita,  varinvara 
pita,  uda 
pamanak,  vltarak 

issarahapita,  idiripita 
nohot,  ndtnam,  ekko 
uda,  udm,  ihala,  anit 

pdtte 
minaharavita,     hdge 

veldvata 
niicala-lesa,    samsun- 

lesa 
langadl,  nobodd,  mata- 

dl 
yantam,  svalpa-vasayen 
kaldturakin 
patan,  hita,  pasii 
bavin,  imd 
hemin,  hlnsdre,    nivi 

hdne 
mese,  melesa 
samaharavita,     inda- 

hitald 
kohe  numut,  yamkisi 

tdnaka 
ikmanin,  tika  veldvakin 

\tavama,  me  venaturu 

vadd,  vddiyen 
evita,  etakota,  ekala 
eld,  eliidl,  etana 
ebdvin,  innisd,  eseheyin 
mddin,  hetnkotagena 


Pronnnclatlon. 


kxxwvithahNxxth  naha 

eelungutu 

ehe^,   ay  koyihati  noo- 

moo^ 
fAan 

uiay  thdA\ 
infAuhitula^ 
noyekwitii,  wurinwuru 
pitu,  oodu 
pumunuk,  wi^uruk 

issiiruhupitu,  if/tiripitu 
noho^,  na^num,  ekko/i 
oodu,  oodin,  ihulu,  \m\t_k 

i^s>ththay 
sumuhuruwitu,     baA-ge 

waylahwuiu 
nisculu-lesu,     sun^oon- 

lesii 
[miguthee,  nohohthah  ma- 

thnthee 
yun^um,    swulpu-wu.sii- 
kula/j^oorukin  [yen 

putun,  hitu,  pusoo 
bawin,  nisa^ 
hemin,  heensaray,  niwi- 

h&nay 
mesay,  melesii 
sumuhuruwitu,  in^Auhit- 

vdah 
kohay    noomoo^,     yum 

kisi  fAanuku 
ikmumn,     tiku    \say\ah- 

wukin 
^uwumu,     may    wenu- 

^oorob 
wuda/j,  wadiyen 
ewitu,  e^iikotu,  ekulu 
ehi,  ehiiZ/ee,  etjmnxi     [in 
ebawin,  innis«/i,  esa//hey- 
maA/iin,  h^ y/^ookotu  e;/u 


71 


English. 

Sinhalese  (romanized). 

throughout,  arff. 

sama    tdnama,    saha- 

mulinma 

— ,  prep. 

mulullema 

till,  until 

turu,  tekf  kal,  dakvd 

to 

-ta,  -hata,  vetata 

towards 

desata,  dihdvata,  atata 

[lata 

up,  upwards 

uda,  udata,  ihala,  iha- 

upon 

pita,  uda,  gdna 

usually,  gener- 

bdvitdlesa    sdmdnya- 

ally 

lesa,  vddikotama 

well,  adv. 

hondata,  yasata,  mand- 

kota 

well  I  interj. 

itin  I 

when? 

kavaddda  ?  koyiveldre- 

da? 

when,  rel.  adv. 

Jfala,  vita 

where  ? 

kotanada  /     koyibada  / 

koheda? 

where,  rel.  adv. 

tana 

while,  whilst 

atara,  kalhi            [da  1 

why? 

manda  ■  dyi?  maknim- 

with 

samaga,  ekva,  kdtuva 

within 

dtulehi 

yet,  as  yet,  adv. 

tavama,  me  venaturu 

— ,  conj. 

ehet 

Pronnnc'ation. 


samu  ^anumu,suhumo6 

linmu 
moo^oolla^mu 
^ooroo,  ^ek,  kul,  t/mk- 
-tu,  -hutu,  we^iitu  [vvaA 
fAesutu,    f/tiha/iwutu, 

u^utu  [lutu 

oodu,  oodutu,  ihulu,  ihu- 
pitu,  oodu,  ga?2U 
ba/iwi^a/ilesu    Bahmah- 

nyulesu,    wadikotumu 
hont/iutu,  yuButii,   mun 

a/ikotu 
i^in! 
kiiwxithahtJm.    koyiwa?/- 

lahwaythvL 
kulu,  witu 
kothunuthii,    kayibut/m, 

kohaythxi 
tha^nxL 

u^uru,  kulhi  [thu 

mun^M,  ayi,  muknisa/*- 
sumugu,  ekwu,  katoowii 
a^ooZehi 

^uwumu,     may    wenii- 
ehctji  [tJiobvoo 


Tamil  Seif-Taught,  by  Don  M.  de  Zilva  Wickremasinghe. 

[In  Koman  Characters.]    With  English  Phonetic  Pronunciation.    Containing 
the  Alphabet,  Classified  Vocabularies  and  Conversations,  English-Tamil  Alpha- 
betical Vocabulary,  Travelling,  Commercial,  Official,  Planting,  Shooting  and 
Fishing  Terms  and  Phrases,  Numerals,  Money,  Weights  and  Measures. 
Second  Edition.    Crown  Svo.  Blue  wrapper.  3/6  net 

Tamil  Grammar  Self-Tauglit,  by  Don  M.  de  Zilva  Wicltremasinghe. 

[In  Tamil  and  Roman  Characters.]     (In  three  parts.)    I.  Grammar  and  Syntax- 
Alphabet  and  Pronunciation.     Tamil  Character  Transliteration.     Parts  ol 
Speech.    Rules  of  Syntax.     II.  Exercises  in  Tamil   and  English,  with  Key- 
III.  Tamil-English  Vocabulary,  Alphabetically  arranged. 
Crown  8vo.    Blue  wrapper.  4/6  net ; 

Tamil  SeLl-laufcht  and  Grammar,  in  one  volume     red  cloth.  8/6  n nt 

London  :  E.  MARLBOROUGH  &  CO.  LTD. 


OUTLINE   OF  GEAMMAK. 

Articles. 

In  Sinhalese,  the  indefinite  article  a  or  an  is  expressed 
by  suffixing  ek  to  nouns  denoting  animate  objects  and  ak 
to  others. 

Before  ck  or  a  k  the  final  a  or  a  of  the  noun  in  the 
nominative  case  is  as  a  rule  dropped^  but  the  final  i  or  I 
is  changed  to  iy,*  as 

minihd    +  e'k  =     mniihek 
e©Ja)cS3+6s3:^=®^^2)crcD(5^cS£3*l      .    . 
mo  day  a  -\-  e  k  ^=     modayek   j 

kukiild    +  e  k  ■=      ku  kvle  k 


a  cock 
a  hen 


kikill     +  ek  =     ktkiliyek    J 

pu (ava   +  ak  =     pu  tuva k 

a  tree 


^/-/Vitt     +  a^k  —      gahak 

The  simple  noun  without  the  indefinite  suffix  is  used  to 
express  the  definite  sense,  as 

g-3>3p2/^a  =  theson5butg®^cs:^/?wV/:  (i.e.jow'^a +  //:)  =  a  son 
9Q:)'-S5  joM'//^^  =  the  sons. 

The  suffixes  ek  and  ak  are  also  added  to  numerals  to 
express  an  indefinite  collective  number.  When  the  number 
refers  to  animate  objects,  the  word  dena  is  inserted  between 
the  numeral  and  the  suffix,  but  not  otherwise. 

*  This  and  many  other  rules  in  the  following  pages  are  intended  purely 
for  popular  use. 

(7?) 


73 


Here  also  the  absence  of  the   indefinite  sutfix  makes  the 
numeral  as  if  it  has  a  definite  aiticle  attached  to  it. 

Thus 
i^(5zE)3   da  ruvd  =  child  or  the  child. 

e(5ie)3+6c5:?  =  e(5i©>8^1  ,.,, 
J  ,  .  ,  fj  ^;  /  '/  F  =a  child. 
da  ruva  +  t  k  =  da  ruve  k  J 

q6i@^^^  c?ttV?/t'o  =  children. 

q6i(^E)^^^(^q^3  dtrrttvO-tu  h-de^nd  =  {the)  three  children 

(lit.  children  three  beings). 

ddruvo-tun-dend    -{•  ek  =      daruvO-tun-denek      j 
(number  of)  three  children. 

But 

^Z«9(^(3  U^ngilla  =  ^nger  or  the  finger. 

U'hgilla   -\-   dk  =    angillak    J      '        ^    * 

^I(2Sg   a'//^i/i  =  fingers  or  the  fingers. 

^l^g^^GS  ahgili-dahaya  —  ihe.  ten  fingers. 

<^l<Sg<^Q55cO  +^e3^  =  ^i<jSg^^35C8es:^  [  =a  (number  of)  ten 
cLngili-dahaya-V  dk  =(ihgili-dd kayak]  fingers. 

In  declining  these  nouns,  the  case-endings  are  added  to 
the  indefinite  suffix  with  2^  or  a  inserted  for  the  sake  of 
euphony,  taking  care  to  use  the  oblique  stem  of  the  noun 
in  the  plural  obHque  cases,  as 

^(5z6^E)k^Q  ddruvek-u-ia  —  io  a  child. 

q(5ie)i5J'-^25;:f®^<^®<5^8^0     ddruvan-tun-denehu-ta  =  to    (a 

number  of)  three  children  {ddruvan  not  ddruvo). 
^l^(^(3255C)  dhgillak-a-t a  =  io  a  finger. 

^i^@^^cS23^0  dfigili-ddhayak-a-ta  =  to  a  (number  of)  ten 
fingers. 


74 


IVonns. 


The  Singular  Nominative  Masculine  ends  in  a  (old  S.  in 
e  or  b),  as 

©^(5o   miturdf  the  friend 
e)ge)o   vaduvd,  the  carpenter 
®©Cf,  veddj  physician 
©(3  (£53   valahd,  bear. 

The  Singular  Nominative  Feminine  ends  in  a, «  or  i  (a  few 
in  d  and  e)^  as 

g0  duva,  daughter 

^€3©  bisava,  queen 

CSD^  ^  ^^V^j  woman 

010)2550(5  vada-karl,  maidservant 

2S5S(§  kikili,  hen 

^1-^25^'-':^   atinni,  female  elephant 

^©©0   ammd,  mother 

^£s52553  akkd,  elder  sister. 

T*he  Singular  Nominative  of  a  noun  denoting  an  inanimate 
object  ends  in  a,  va,  ya,  and  aya,  which  is  often  contracted 
to  5.  The  semi-vowels  v  and  y  are  inserted  simply  to 
remove  the  hiatus,  e.  g. 

-^e)(5   nuvara,  town 

^l<^  a'nda,  bed 

00(5  para,  road 

ggc)  putU'Va,  chair 

®25)dScS  kodi-ya,  flag 

®^C3GQ   rmsaya 
©^®»C^    mes-e 

The  Nominative  is  also  shown  by  the  addition  of  ©>^§) 
/^»»a^    or     ®-33@>©     /e//ie,     in    the     Masculine,     Singular 


table. 


75 


®-Q^0®  toma,  or  6><5'^J®®J  tdmo  in  the  Feminine,  Singular, 
to  the  crude  base  of  a  noun,  and  -^^  tumu  to  the  plural  of 
either  gender. 

The  Plural  Nominative  of  Masculine  and  of  Feminine 
nouns  is  formed  by  changing  the  Sing-ular  ending  into  6  or 
ahu,  hu,  or  into  u  (with  the  final  consonant  often  doubled). 
In  a  number  of  nouns  the  stem  alone  is  used  for  the  plural, 
sometimes  with  the  addition  of /a  or  vm^u. 


Singular, 
©^do   mi  tufa 
8ge)o  vadavd 
@^8c,j  vedd 

©^'3)0  do   hord 
6(S®GSo  pi  rlmiyd 
?^cSa  na^yd 
§si^3   mtt  ttd 
®i^^o   mahatd 


Masculine. 

Plural, 

©^©dcT   mituro,  friend 

e)g@^C)cr  vadavd,  carpenter 

®8^^,   ®^<^§   vedahu  or  veddu, 
physician 

®^^o6i   horu,  thief 

8S®  joi  rim,  male 

^cd  nay,  snake 

§)^-2550(33   mattdld,  grandfather 

®2S5^8(5z   mahat-varu,  gentlemen 


Singular. 

®  255(^(3   keUa 
^gS   ambuva 

cstg  (ogcs) 
^/ri'  (striya) 


PZwraZ. 

<^Z3)(^<^(^^  kello,  lass 
^g@^©cr  dfnbuvo,  \^ife 
'4S2S(§(§^GQcr  kikilkjd,  hen 

str'ihu  or  striyO,  woman 
CS5^-Sg  ^a'/iw,  woman 
®^^^   flfeWtt,  cow 


76 


'    bisava 

QJ)Q^®25Ci'*  ha  mine 

«  mm  a 

The  plural  nominative 
object  is  expressed  by 
addition   of  val. 

Singular, 
-^E)(5  nuvara 

kaidva,  kale 
®^a550(3GQ   kolaya 
®So3  mitiya 

JS^J^J'^   kanda 


?)i5ai;  or  hiso-varu,  queen 
CS5D^^®J5:i'(33   ha  mine-Id,  lady 

«  mmd-ld  or  a  mmd-varu,  mother. 

of  a  noun  denoting  an  inanimate 
the    stem    with    or    without    the 


Plural. 

^E)(58(^  nuvara-val,  city 

255Z(e,^,   ^i(^?©d 
M  Id,  ka  Id-va  I,  jungle 

6^2533(3   kola,  leaf 

©3   mzV«5  hammer 

@o   /i  m,  well 

255g   kahdu,  hill. 


In  the  singular  number  nouns  (masc,  fem.,  and  neut.) 
form  their  oblique  ca«:es  by  adding  the  endings  to  the 
nominative,  the  final  a  being  sometimes  elided  in  neuters,  e.g. 

@'2^(53   mi  tar  a,  the  friend 

©^(53©   miturd-ta,  to  the  friend 

E)i©^3  5  vdda-kar'i,  maidservant 

8lS)25535®^Gd  vdda-kari-ge,  of  the  maidservant 

gge)  putuva,  the  chair 

Cigc^e)j5:f  putuv-en  from  the  chair 

gg®S  putuv-B,  of  the  chair. 


77 


To  form  the  plural  oblique  cases  of  masc.  and  fern,  nouns 
first  change  the  nominative  ending  into  -an  {-in  or  -un\  and 
then  add  the  case-endings. 

Thus  plur.  nom. 
mitur-6 

ini  tur-u  ) 


kikiliy-6,        vt  dd-u,    hi  sav 


Plur.  dat. 

7mtur-an-ta\j^'^§,QQ'iS^Q),  (^B^^':S^Q),  ^£sgr5:i'9 
^^Si'iS^Q)  [kikiliy-an-ta,   vedd-un-ta,    bisav-un-ta 
mitur-un-ta) 

But  note  that  whenever  the   plural  ends  in  Id,  oblique 
case-endings  are  added  direct  to  the  nominative,  as 

plur.  nom.      ®(3C8o(33   malayd-ld,  younger  brothers 
^©®3(33   ammd-ld,  mothers 

plur.  dat.       ®(3CQO(330   malayd-ld-ta,  to  younger  brothers 
^S®3(33©   ammd-ld-ta,  to  mothers. 

Neuter  plurals  always  use  colloquially  the  suffix  val,  to 
which  oblique  case-endings  are  added. 

Plur.  nom.      ~^8)(5E)(^,     gg,  ^^ 

nuvara-vai,  putu,  atu 

cities        chairs      branches 

7iu  vara-val-ata,  pu  tu-ial-afa,  a  tu-val-ata. 


78 

Mascnline. 
Singular. 

Nom.   ^^(5o   mityrdj  the  friend. 

Voc.  ®?2>6  mitura]  ^  ^ .  ,  , 
a:i  y*  •/.  ^  O  friend ! 
®^®ocr   mtturo) 

Ace.     ©^<5o     mitura     ],,      „.      , 
c:,       >  ./^       ,    Khe  triend. 

®^o^  miturahu) 

Instr.   ©^(5o©823Li'   miturd-visin,  by  the  friend. 

Aux.    ®^(5o23^<5'i^(3^25^30©>C53^   miturd-karanakotagemiy 

by  means  of  the  friend. 

Dat.     ©^(5o0      miturd-ta    ) ,  ^       .      ^ .      , 

c^      y      ^      ./^     -7*  ^   fto  01*  10  r  the  friend. 

(23-^ooC55C)  miturahata] 

Abl.      ©^(53®C5D5^     miturd-qen     )  ,.         ,,      „ .      , 
c=  ^  ^       -/^       7  Krom  the  friend. 

®^0^®Ci53r5j    miturahu-gen) 

Gen.     @^(5o®cs5     miturd-qe     1    ^  ,,     ^ .      , 
.c^  ^  >  ,       /^       ,         ^  of  the  friend. 

®^(j^®G55  miturahu-ge] 

Log.     ©^(5o©^25^®(5(f^  (®25^®(f5)   miturd-kerehi  or  -kerU 

^^6^(^zSi©^6&  (®^255^^)  miturahu-kerehi  or  -kerS, 
in  the  friend. 

Plural, 

Nom.   ©:Si5®^(icr  mi'tur-O    ]  ^  .      , 
c:.  "^  >'  /^       ,      friends. 

®^  o  ^55     mz  turahu 

Voc.     ©-Q^^c^^^,   @^(5-€^  mil  tar-mi,  -ani,  O  friends! 

Ace.     @A2^(525d'  mitur-an,  friends. 

Instr.    ©^dsSCi'^SeSLi'  7111  tur-an-vi  sin,  by  friends. 

Aux.    @^(525;5'255c5^®s3^o©@^cS5<i^  mitur-an-karana- 
kota-ge  na,  by  means  of  the  friends. 

Dat.     ^^6^0)   mitur-an-ta. 

^^6'5^'S^Q)  mitur-an-hata,  to  or  for  friends. 


79 

Abl.     ^iS^6i5^@'(S^?5S  mttur-an-gen,  from  friends. 

lien.     ^^6^(^^   mitur-an-ge,  of  friends. 

i^oc.     ©«^(555J'©255®<5?S  mitur-an-kerehi,  in  friends. 

Feminine, 
Singular, 

Nom.   f^)S  kumari,  princess. 

Voc.     SS5§)(5  ku  mari     )  >-,      .  ■ 

;s^c<     ^   7  '       •     fO  princess! 

g^(S)o6^a5  kumanye]       ^ 

Ace.     s^©5cs   knmariya,  princess. 

Instr.    }^®(5©8:25i  kuman-visin,  by  the  princess. 

Aux-    s^®(523^d^®25^3©(5^C55^  kamarl-karanakotagena^ 

by  means  of  the  princess. 

Dat.     es5i)5c)      ka  mar  it  a      ) ,    ^, 

^^    -^    ,  /        *      .    fto  the  princess. 

jj^f:2)ocSO   kumariya-ta) 

Abl.     e^§)(5®c5555:f      ku  main -gen 
e^^5ca©^(5523Lf  kumanya-gen 

Gen.     ga^cS'^crf       kumari-qe     )    ^  ^i 

'-^o  ?    ,   /        .  fOr  the  princess. 

s^'2/ooS@^C55  kumariya-ge] 

Loc.     8^©5®^255®^(5?B      kuman-kerehi     ]  with    or    in    the 
^^(Sc6®Ji55®<5(f^  kumariya-kerehi]      princess. 

Nom.  s^®5®>GQcr  h/mariyo. 

Voc.  s^®(S@^cS4f^  (cSsS)   kumariy-eni  (or  -flni). 

Ace.  s^'^5GS55:f  kumariy-an. 

Instr.  }^®5cS25J'©Q55:^   kumariy-an-visin. 

Aux.    8^®5cS^5::i'^3^(5'€^@^^55^0@^C55^  kumariy-an- 

karanakotage  na. 
Dat.     s^^doS^O   kumariy-an-ta. 


•from  the  princess. 


80 


Abl.     i^®8o^^@^(s:>2S^  kumariy-an-gen. 

Gen.    8^^2)503 sscf^cd  kumariy-an-gS. 

Loc.     s^§)5ce23Li'©^5j55(^(5cS  kumariy-an-kerehu 

Neuter, 

Singular,  Plural, 

Norn.,  Voc,    zS)i(^^E)  '^i(S>7{^d) 

and  Ace.       kal'dva  (jung-lej  kalB.  or  kdlR-vdl 

Instr.  and       zS)i(^,\oB';S^  255Z(g^8g25J' 

Aux.  kaldv-en  lald-val-in 

Dat.  2S)i(g2^Q  2j)Z(e,|C)(30 

/  d  lava-  ta  kci  I'd-va  l-ata 

Abl.  25^Z(g^@^©£3:^  255Z(9^E)g23Cf 

/  aldv-en  kald-val-in 

Gen.  and         zs^zcg^®©  235i(g|8(3 

Loc.  kCi0v-e  kald-val-a 


Pronouns. 

First  Person. 

Singular,  Plural, 

Nom.   §)®  mama^  I.  C^6   ^/^i,  we. 

Ace.      ©3   ??2a',  me.  ^O   apa,  us. 

Instr.   §)o©825:^  ma -VI  sin,  by  me.   C^O©825d^  apa-visin^   by 

us. 

Aux.     ®3253(5^(^255D0©C55-€^  (^OlS^d-^e^ZS^oO^GO^ 

ma-karanakotagena,h\         a'pa-karanakotageria,  by 
means  of  me.  means  of  us. 

Dat.     ®0   md-ta.  aoc)   dpa-ta. 


81 


ma-gen  or  ma-gen. 

Gen.     ©©cd,   ®o®cd 

ma-ge  or  md-ge. 

Loc.     ®0®255®(5cS   ma-kerehi 


ap-en  or  apa-gen, 

fljo-e  or  apa-ge. 

Cpa®255@^(5(S  apa-kerehi 


Second  Person. 


Singular. 

Nom.  (^^cT  /o',  thou. 

Ace.    ^3   /d',  thee. 

Instr.  ^o©823Cf   ta-vtsin,  by 
thee. 

Aux.     ^3235(5-i^6^2J5D©®C55'^ 
ta-karanakotage^na. 

Dat.    ^0   /«'-/a. 

til -gen  or  ia-gen. 

Gen.   ^o®cd,  -S^^^cd 
/a'-^^  or  ta-ge. 

Loc.     ^3©255®(5(S 


©-3>38,  ©-358  topi  or  /e/??*, 

ye. 

@^^3e3   to' pa. 
©^^oo^S^d'  topa-visin. 

©^0  O  255  (5  4^©2553  ©©C55  4^ 
topa-ka  ranakotage  na. 

©^3o9   topa-ta. 

®^3e3©C5325Lf,    ©>^rJ3©0£5d' 
to  pa-gen  or  top-en. 

©^30©cd,  ©^3©d 
to'pa-gE  or  /o/?-e. 

©.5>30©J^©(^(9 
topa-kereld. 


Colloquially  /o  can  only  be  used  when  addressing  an 
inferior^  or  disrespectfully.  In  books  (^^^  to  is  masculine 
and  ^  /e  (pi.  ^(33  /f/a)  feminine.  The  latter  is  regularly 
declined,  as  nom.  and  ace.  tl  ;  instr.  tl-vtsin\  dat.  ti-ta,  8ic. 
So  also  ttld;  instr.  tlld-visin,  &c.  The  personal  pronoun 
(^S)  wmfea  or  >s^q)  /z/Ja',  ^you'  (pi.  C>^&  umha-ld)  is 
the  one  now  commonly  used  in  addressing  equals  or  inferiors 


SINHALESE  8.-T. 


82 


politely.      If  you  wish  to  be  extra  polite,  you  generally  use 
^g<55^c^   tamiise,  ^your  (honourable)  self\ 

If  you  wish  to  be  still  more  polite,  especially  when 
addressing  a  superior  personage  or  a  church  dignitary  you 
add  the  honorific  e)s^2^@^c^  vuhansB  to  nuba  (or  numba), 
oba,  or  tamnn,SLS  >S]Q)S)QDi^®d  nuba-vahansS,®Q)E)^25S@^^ 
oba-vahanse,  S5§!i3Lfe)K)25J'®^d  tamun-vahansB,  often  con- 
tracted to  •3:>g23Li'^3£5Li'@^d  tamunnansS,  All  these  are 
declined  regularly,  as 

Nom.  and  ace.     gS)   umba  (pi.   C®(33    umbala),    ^55§®d 
tamuse  (|j1.  ^§©€^(33  tamusEld). 

Instr.  C^^Qs5S    umba-visin    (pi.    (5S)(30©855J' 

umbald-visin),  ZS^^(^^'^Q>s^    tamuse-visin 
(pi.  -S^g^dc^o^ScSL^  ta  muss Id-vt  sin), 
Sic.  &c. 


2%zrfl?  Person, 

Singular, 

Masc, 

Fern, 

Nom.  C^,  fbaso 

^^^  <£r^ 

u  or  eyd,  he 

fl'  or  B'kl,  she 

Ace.     (^-o,  ®^,  t^cso 

^^,  ^ZCQ,  ^^ 

Neut. 

eya  or  eka,  it 

€>C0,       tSf235 
u  or  o'Aw  or  eya,  him   a  or  a'ya  or  s'ki,  her      /^^a  or  ^'Ara 

Instr.  C'^^B^,  ®^^a^    ^^a82s:r,  efs^©82s:r    aSzscT,  eo^zs^sri 

u-visin  or  ohu-visin      U-visin  or  s'ki-visin       eyin  or  5'/:e» 

ecoD©aj3cr 

eyd-visin 

&c.  regularly. 


Masc, 

u/d,     0  hu    ovha 

.cc.     C^i  ©gsScf,  C^CO 
w  rt,     0  vy/?i,       uld 


183 

d'ld,      ekild,      ohu    ovhu       evd 
a  Id,      e  kild  e  vd 

c^,  ®g25cr 

lu/,     0  run 

nstr.  C^^^^,  ^^^B&^    C^^QO^Q^,  daSe^©^^     ^BoQ^ 
u/i-visin,      ovun-vi'dn,        ald-visin        Skild-visin         evdyin 

C'^^Q^,  ®g23Lr©a25cr 

uti-vidn,     0  vun-vi  sin 
&c.     '  &c.  &c. 

Colloquially  (5"i  u  is  used  in  speaking  of  an  inferior 
person,  C>^S^ i^i@^{si  unndhe  and  Q^B^^(^d>  un-vahans^ 
(contracted  to  CzSCfeS^osSCfo^d  unnansS)  being  more  polite 
forms.      The  fem.  a  has  no  such  distinction. 


Norn.   § 
mu 

Twe  yd 
©©2553 
mekd     ) 
\cc.     §  ^ 
mu 

me  yd 

®^f)2533 

me  M 
mohu 


Demonstratives. 

Masculine,  Singular. 

\  ©003  ^(5ce3'^ 

this  man        oyd,  this  (yonder)  arayd    that  man 

man  ^(5^ 


©2553 

oka 


aru 
Skd 


84 


nstr.    ®B&^ 

®cso88.^ 

^(5o3o©8j5:f 

mu  -vi  sin 

0  yd- VI  sin 

a  r  ay  d- VI  sin 

®^i)cso©855:r 

®2553©8CS5' 

^(5^©8j5:r 

nie  yd-vi  sin 

0  kd-vi  sin 

a  ru-visin 

®^^3^©8C5J' 

eri553®8235 

mo  fiu-vi  sin 

B'kd-visin 

©■^zs)o^Q^ 

ine'kd-visin 

n                             11 

&c.  regularly. 

The  plural  is  formed   by  adding  /«,   as  §(33  mu-ld,  ®GQ3(30 
oVa-/«,  SC^TGO  «V«-/a.         ^^^.^.^^ 

Norn.   ®^       \                        ®CS^\  <^(5^  C^i(5^\ 

TWfl'      ( this  woman  oyd    I  this  (yonder)  ard,  d!rR      \  that 

®'^i^  r                     ©'^  I    woman  d"!^               \  woman 

meki    ]                       oki    ]  ekl                ] 

Ace.     @^,  ©zco 

ma,  may a                     „  „ 

Instr.   9|©823Lr                 S)cS^©8crf  Cp(5>©85JCi' 

ind-visiii                o  yd-vi' sin  a  I'd- vi  sin 

&c.                           &c.  &c. 
The  plural  is  formed  by  adding  Id. 

Neuter. 
Singular. 

Nom.    ©^%ZSi,  ®<2)ce                ^'^,  ®G3  q9(5253 

mEka,  meya,  tins       o'A:«,  o^^?  this  (yonder)        aruka,  that 

thin^r  thing                              thing 

Ace.     e%'4S^,  (^%^            ®2S),  ®c3  <$(5iS) 

n,eka^  meya                 oka,  oya  araka 

\n%iY.\mek(n  oktn  draken 

Aux.  U^%P^,^  ^^r^  ^^,^ 

I  me'yin  dyin  drin 


85 


Dat. 


me  ka-ta 

mt  ya-ta 
&c. 


:] 


Norn. 
Ace. 

Instr. ) 
Aux.  J 

Dat. 


me,  vd-yin 

m^vd-ta 
&c. 


okata 
®O30 
0  ya-ta 
&c.  • 

Plural, 

®8a 

Ovd-yin 

ocd-ta 
&c. 


arakata 
&c. 


q^(58d 
arava-yin 

<^(5e)30 

«  ravd-ta 


IXTERROGATIVES. 

Masc,  and  Fern. 


Singular. 


Nom.    ?55©^,  25^8^(5535^ 
I  kav-da,  kavarek-da,  who 

Ace.      255©^,  255a<!^,  2558(^(5£S5^ 
I  A-«  6-<^«,  kd  -da,  ka  varek-da,  wliom 

Instr.    2553©8.^^,  '^B®^6f^^B-:S^q 
ka -VI sin-da,  kavareku-vi sin-da, 
bv  whom 


Plural, 
kavru-da,  kavarahu-da 
ka  vrun-da 
kavrun-vi  sin-da 


zsiB6v^Q)q 


Dat.       2353C)c^,  2558®^(5*s^0^ 

ka-ta-da,  kavartka-ta-da,  to  whom    ka'vrun-ta-da 

&c.  &c. 

So  also 
^^325)3^   mokdda  (dat.  ®®32533©<:^  wio'/:a-fa-c?a)| who   or   which 
®^235cr2553<^   Ao'Hf/a  (dat.  ®255cr25530«^  ^o'/ta-^a-i/a)}      animal? 


86 

Neuter. 
.  Singular. 

Noni.,  Ace.    @^(®)02S5^,  ®§)3555S35^,  @^?SiizS)C^ 

mo^ka-da,  mokak-da,  koka-da, 

what  or  which  thing. 
Instr.  ®ci)02S25d'<^,  ©®:iZSi'iS^^^,  ©^zs^^'^^sSc^ 

mokln-da,  mokakin-da,  kd  kin-da 
Dat.  ©©32350^,  ®>®325525^0<:^,   ®235J2S)0<:^ 

mokata-da^  mokakata-da^  kcfkata-da 
Plural, 

Norn.,  Ace.    ci)ss52553^,  <^®3r5^83<^,  @^23^J'83<5 
makkd'da,  monavd-da,  kovd-da 

Instr.  ©cs^jsisSsscfi^,  @^®o^838^5Lf<^,  ©^zs^d'SsSi^:)'*:^ 

ma kkdyin-da,  monavdyin-da,  kd'vdyin-da 

Dat.  ©23^5i353©<:^,  ©^s^Bs©*^,  ®2S5;f830«^ 

makkdia-da^  monavdta-da,  kovdta-da 


Verbs. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  Sinhalese  verbs  in  common 
use  is  formed  by  the  addition  of  23^(5:5^^3  karanavd^  *  to 
do ',  and  of  ®©5S^S3  ve'navd,  ^  to  become  ^,  to  substantives, 
e.g.   ®03S  podi,  fragments. 

®>03S23^c5:5^©3  po'di-karanai'd,  to  crush  to  bits. 

@>03fc3®C)55^©3  po'di-venavu,  to  become  crushed. 

®C553^   hohda,  good. 

®Q553^235(5iif)E)3   ho'nda-karanavd,  to  heal  (transitive). 

@^QS53^®^E)5S^83  honda-venavd,  to  become  good,  to 
heal  (intr.). 


87 


Therefore  it  is  necessary  that  the  beginner  should  master 
the  conjugation  of  these  two  verbs.  These  two  examples 
will,  moreover,  show  how  all  the  other  Sinhalese  verbs 
should  be  conjugated.  In  Sinhalese  dictionaries  all  verbs 
are  given  under  a  form  which  ends  in  -na-vd^  and  which 
is  colloquially  used  to  represent  all  the  persons  (singular 
and  plural)  in  the  present  indicative. 

Thus   s5^(5.'^E)o   kara-na-vd,  to  do. 


Singular, 

mama  karanavd,  I  do 

to  or  u  mba  ka  ranavd,  you  do 

u  karanavd,  he  does 


Plural, 

a  pi 

u  mbald 

o^hu,  ovuhu 


255(5  i2^©3 

karanavd 


It  may  be  useful  to  know  at  the  outset  that  the  form 
karanavd  is  composed  of  the  relative  participle  karana  and 
vd.  This  is  the  same  in  the  case  of  all  other  verbs,  as 
255i5^e)o  kana-vd,  to  eat,  ©<^^©a  denu-vd,  to  give,  ®8?^83 
vJna-vd,  to  become. 

For  the  use  of  the  relative  participle  see  p.  92. 

Now  if  you  drop  -na-vd  from  this  form,  you  get  the  base 
of  the  present  and  future  tenses. 

Thus   e55(5^c)o  kara-na-vd  gives  zs^6  kdra 
255 ^©0  ka-na-vd  „      255  ka 

®^^c5^e)3  de-na-vd         „      ®<^  de 
®e)?S583  ve-iia-vd         „      ®e)  ve 
&c.  &c. 

We  may  now  conjugate  kara-na-vd  and  ve-navd  as 
follows : — 


88 


Indicative  :   Present, 
Singular, 

1st  pers.   Z3)6^ 

kara-mi,  I  do 
2nd  „       ZS)6&,  233(58 

kara-hi  or  kara-yi 
3rd    „       255(58 

kara-yi 


ve-mi,  I  become 

©8(6,  ©88 
?;e-Ai  or  ve-yi 
©88 
ve-yi 


Plural, 

1st  pers.   255  (5§ 

kara-mu 

2nd    „         255(5Gg,  255(5g 

kara-hu  or  kara-vu 
3rd    ,,       235(5^ 

Future. 

Singular. 
1st  pers.    255(525J'©CS^@ 

kara-nnemi,  I  sliall  do 
2nd 


3rd 


J,         255  (525;:)'©  55^  (9 
A-fl/^fl  -nnehi 

55         255(5£3l)'©23l)' 
kara-nnS 


Plural, 


1st  pers.    255(525J'©^g 
kara-mu  mu. 


2nd 


3rd 


255(5c3C)'^D'^ 

Arara  -nndhu 

255(525Cf©^i 


©8§ 

©8^5  ®8g 
ve-hu  or  ve-va 
©8^ 
ve-ti 


©825Li'©?f>@ 

ve-nnemi,  I  shall  become 

©823l)'©^(9 

ve -nnehi 
ve -nne 

©825;:f©^g 

i;e  -nnemu 

©8i5:)'?5^3^ 

re  -nndhu 

©82s:f©5SDJ' 


89 


This  is  a  kind  of  periphrastic  future  of  which  the  1st 
and  2nd  persons  are  formed  by  adding  either  the  derivatives 
of  the  present  tense  of  the  Sanskrit  copulative  verb  as  ^to  be', 
or  merely  the  personal  endings  mi,  mu,  hi,  hu,  &c.  to  the  verbal 
noun  expressive  of  the  agent  of  an  action.  Karannemi  is, 
therefore,  a  combination  of  karanne,  'doer'  and  mi,  'I  am'. 

The  future  of  all  other  verbs  is  formed  in  this  manner. 

In  colloquial  speech,  however,  the  ending  -nhd  is  used 
instead  of  -nnemi,  and  -nnamu  for  -nnemu ;  -dvi  for  the  2nd 
and  the  3rd  person  sing.  ;  and  -dvit  for  the  plural. 

Thus  'i)§)0ie)  zsidts^^  mama  vd'da  haranfid  (instead  of 
karannemi),  I  shall  do  work;  2S3(5^®,iS^§  kara nnemu,  we 
shall  do ;  (3"i  ©iS)  z2)do^  u  vada  karavi  (instead  of 
karanne),  he  will  do  work;   ^35(53©^  karavit,  they  will  do. 


Optative  Mood. 


This  is  formed  by  adding  the  syllable  vd  to  the  present 

indicative.      Thus 


karam[i),  I  do 
karahi,  thou  d(iest 
karayi,  he  does 
karamu,  we  do 
karahu,  ye  do 
karati,  they  do 


255(5©C)3 

karam-vd,  I  may  do 

j35(5(68o 

karahi-vd,  thou  mayst  do 

255(5S©0,  255(5o5>3 

karayi-vd,  kard-vd,  he  may  do 

235(5®'2)cre)3 

karamo-vd,  we  may  do 

karahu-vd,  ye  may  do 

235(5^e)3 

karat-vd^  they  may  do, 


90 


Imperative. 

Singular. 
2nd  pers.    z5^6.  ZS)6^  kara  or  karava 

2S)d8GQ  kdra-piya]  •  ,,     .    •   r    • 

y       s,      f         /   f  colloquially  to  interiors. 
55^ooi5j  kara-pan] 

ZS)6^  ka'ranu 

zS)6^t)  karanda  ^  respectfully  to 

zS)6'!SSq)  ®^e55D^S  karanta  hohdayi\    equals  and 

2S5(ei®i^e)  kala-mdnava  J    superiors. 

3rd  peis.    ?^6^(^''5S  karanm 

Plural, 
2nd  pers.    255(5©  karar> 

255 (5 0(;^ (33  kara-palld  (to  inferiors  colloquially). 
zSi6^^  karanda  (to  equals,  ^lc). 

Permissive. 

255(5gE)D®S  kdra-puvd-vE,  let  him  do. 

255(59®^23Lf  kdra-pu-den        j 

Conditional. 

Pres.  235(5^  karata,  zs)d(^^0^  karatot\ 
Past   255(^(^3^5  kdlot. 

Past  Tense. 

No  rules  that  may  readily  be  understood  by  a  beginner 
unacquainted  with  Sanskrit  and  Pnlkrit  can  be  given  regard- 
inw  the  formation  of  the  past  tense  of  Sinhalese  verbs. 


91 


The  form  of  the  past  tense  given  in  dictionaries  ends  m 
a,  as  253(ei3  kal-a,  ^did';  §.'5^3  vwVa,  'became';  255^ 8i 
kav-d,  ^ate';  cScSo  giy-d,  'went';  and  is  used  colloquially 
for  all  numbers  and  persons  like  the  present  tense  in  -navd. 
Thus  255(^)3  kald  =  l,  you^  or  they  did;  255|E)3  kavd  =  you, 
he,  or  they  ate,  &c. 


Indicative  :   Past. 

Singular. 

1st  pers.   ^J)@^(ei©,  ®255@>(g© 

kale-mi  or  kele-mi,  I  did 

2nd  „       zSi@'{^&,  ®'<5^@^(ei'i^ 
kale-hi  or  kek-hi 

3rd    J,        25>@^(^,  ®255®^i^ 
^aVe  or  /te/e 


giye-mi,  I  went 
giye-hi 

gi-yS 

(S033 
,^i«/a  (colloq.) 


1st  pers.   ^J5©^(g§,  @^2S5@^(e.§) 
kale-mu  or  kelt-mu 


2nd 
3rd 


„        2S5®^(eiJ 
kalO 


^i  ye-mu 

c9ce3:s5 
jiyd-hu 

giyd 


Participles. 

Two  participles  play  a  most  important  part  in  modern 
Sinhalese.  They  are  (1)  the  relative  participle  and  (2)  the 
adverbial  participle  or  gerund. 


02 


The  relative  participle  (present)  is  obtained  by  simply 
dropping  the  final  id  of  the  colloquial  present  tense  (or 
by  adding  na  to  the  base  of  the  present  tense). 

The  relative  participle  (past)  is  formed  in  most  cases 
cither  by  substituting*  short  a  for  final  long  a  of  the 
colloquial  past  or  by  simply  dropping  the  final  va.* 

Verbs.  Relative  Participles. 

zSid^Bo  karana-vd,  do  S55(5?5^  karana 

25>(e,3  kal-dy  did  zSi^  kala 

cs^8o  yana-vd,  go  co^f)  ]/ana 

c9cS3  giy-d,  went  c9cQ  giya 

23^^80  kana-vd,  eat  ZS)'S^  kana 

25^^80  kavd,  ate  255^  kd 

This  participle  always  precedes  the  noun  which  it 
qualifies,  just  like  an  ordinary  adjective. 

Thus  GS-^i^  ^.'^'J553  yaua  minihd  =  \\t.  going  man,  i.e.  the 
man  who  goes;  cScO  ®^^J553  giya  minihd=\hQ  man  who  is 
gone;  ^3  cScO  '4S)Q  md  giya  kala  =  \it.  by  me  gone  time, 
i.e.  when  I  am  gone;  ^3  8ie)  25^(5^  255(3  ^^^'  viida- 
karana  .^a/a  =  when  I  do  the  work. 

Adverbial  participle  or  gerund  has  the  ending  min  in  the 
present  and  c,  d,  or  i  (colloquially  Id  or  lid)  in  the  past,  e.g. 


karanavd,  do 


Adcerbial  participles, 

255(5©23Ci' 

kara-min  (present),  doing 

ZSi6,    Z35(5(33 

kara  or  karald  (past),  having  done 


•  These  rules  are  purely  for  popular  use.  Etymologically  the  partici- 
ples require  a  different  explanation  which  can  only  be  understood  by 
t^hose  acquainted  with  Sanskrit  and  Prakrit. 


09 


yanavdy  go  J ya-min^  g<^ino^ 

[gos  or  gofdila,  having  gone 

A:a  nava,  eat  kamin,  eating 

23^3,  2553(33 
^ka  or  A:a7a,  havinir  ate. 

The  following  sentences  will  illustrate  the  use  of  this 
participle : — 

Q"\  ©l^  zsi6^^  8Sce3  u  viida-karamin  sitiyd,  he  was 
doing  work  (lit.  he  work  doing  remained).  (5<n  Bi€) 
255(5(33  c9c63  u  vCi'da-karald  giyd,  he  having  done  the 
work   went. 


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CONVERSATIONAL   PHRASES   AND 
SENTENCES. 


Useful  and  Necessary  Idiomatic  Expressions  and  Phrases. 

[Ava^yayen  praydjanavatril  bdsdrltyanukfda  Idyaiiian  mha 

idkyayan.) 

English.  Sinhalese  (ronianized).  Pronunciation. 


Thank  you : 

(To  servants) 

(To  equals  &  superiors) 

Have  the  goodness 
Yes:  [to... 

(To  equals  &  inferiors) 
(To  superiors) 

Yes,  sir 

(To  a  cleric  or  a  lord) 

No,  ma(3am 


Yes,  miss 
Bring  me 

(Respectfully) 

Give  me 

(Respectfully) 

Send  (it)  to  me 

(More  respectfully) 

Send  (it)  to  him 
(More  respectfully) 


reii  me 

*  SluhiUuae  lady. 


hnndayi 

stutiyi 

karund-karald 

ovu 

elieyiy  ehemayi 
— ,  mahatmayd 
— ,  h amy diiru vane 
na  (or  nd/td),  nond- 

viahatiiiayd, 
— ,  hdniiue\ 
— ,  lanid-etanP 
elieyi,  podi-nond 
cjenen 
genenta  honday 

or genenu  mdnava 
mata  diyan 
mala  dciita  honday i, 
mala  dena  [mdnava) 
mala  [eka)  evdpan 
mata  (eka)  ecanti 

(mdnava)  or  eva7ita 

hondayi 
ohiita  {eka)  drapan 

ov  yavdpan 
ohnta    {eka)     arinu 

{mdnava)  or  arinta 

hondayiy      yavanu 

(mdnava) ovyavan- 

ta  hondayi 
mata  kiydpan 

m 


hon/Auyi 

s^do^iyi 

kuvocmah-kiiriiiah 

owoo 

eheyi,  ehemuyi 
eheyi,  muhafAmuya/* 
— ,  ha/tmoo/ZiOorobwun*^'// 
na    (naha),    no/ma/.uiu 

hu^.muyrt//, 
na,  hahm'may, 
na,  luma/i-e/iiuni 
eheyi,  ^odi-nuhnah 
gewen 
ge/jentu   honfAuyi    or 

gewenoo-manuwu 
mutu  thiynn 
mutu  titentu.  hon^/myi, 

mutu  (/ten 00  (manuwu) 
mutu  (ayku)  t^w^Apun 
mutu    (aykxi)      ewunoo 

(manuwu)  or  ewuntu 

hont/iuyi 
ohootu  {ayku.)  arupun  or 

yuwaApun 
ohootu     (ayku)      urinoo 

(manuwu)    or    urintu 

hon(/myi,        yuwunoo 

(manuwu)  or  yuwuntu 

liont/tuyi 
mutu  kiyaApun 


95 


English. 


Will  you  tell  me  ? 

Do  you  understand? 

Excuse  me 

Do     you     speak 

English  ? 
Does   anyone  here 

speak  English? 

Can    you    read 

English  ? 
Have  patience 


What  do  you  say  ? 

I  beg  your  pardon 
What  did  you  ask 

(question)  ? 
What  did  you  ask 

(request)  ? 
Speak  louder 


What  does  it  sig 

nify? 
It  doesn't  matter 
It  is  all  the  same  to 
Never  mind       [me 
What    is    to     be 

done  ? 

Do  you  hear? 
I  understand 
1  don't  undt'i-stanJ 
Carry  this 
Take  this 
Take  this  away 


Sinhalese  (roma  .izeJ), 


mata   kiyanavd-da ; 

mata  kiyannehi-da 
umhata  terenavd-da 
or  terum  yanavdda 
mata  kamd-venu 
n  umha    hngilisi 

katd-karanavd-da 
inehi  yam  kenek  (or 

kisivek)    wigillsi 

katd-karanavd-da 
mmihata  irngillsi  ki- 
yavantapuluvan-da 
ivasiliva  hitapan  (or 

hitinta  hondayi  or 

hitinu) ,    ivasdp an, 

ivasanu 

umha  kumak  kiyan- 
avd-da (or  kiyahi-  da) 
mata  kamd-venu 
umba  kumak  dhnrd- 

da  {or  as uvehi- da) 
umba  kumak  illuvd- 

da  (or  ill  u  vehi-da ) 
vadd    J  I  ay  iy  en    (or 

vadd  haiida  nayd) 

katd-karapan 
eyin  kumak  terum- 

yanavd-da 
kdriyak  ndJid 
mata    e    siyallamat 
kamak  na    [ekamayi 
mokada  karanne ; 

kumak    karanta 

yutu-da  [da 

numhata    alien  a  rd- 
mata  terenavd 
mata  terenne  na 
meka  ge7iayopan 
meka  aragan 
meka  ahakata  gena- 
yapan 


Pronunciation. 


mutu    kiyiinuwa/A-/7iii  ; 

mutu  kiyunnehi-t/m  ? 
oombutu  tJiayrentvfah-tJni 
{t_hayrdb:n-yunuwah-th\i)? 
muiu  kumrt//-wendo 
uoombu  i/7^u'ileesi  kuth- 

ah-kmiinijiwah-thu  ? 
mehi    yum-kenek    (kisi- 

wek)  in^ileesi  kuthah- 

kurunuwrt/i-t/tu  ? 
noombutii  i/i^i^ileesi  kiy  u« 
wuntu  pdo/6owun-t/m  ? 
iwusiliwu  hitupun  (hitin- 

tu  honf/myi,  hitinoo), 

iwiisa/ipun,  iwusunoo 

oombu  koomuk  kiyunu- 

Yiah-thu  (kiyuhi  </m)? 
mutu  kumaA-wenoo 
oombu  koomuk  ahoowa/t- 

thii  (aso6\vehi-^/m)  ? 
oombu  koomuk  illoow«/i- 

t/iu  (illoowehi-f/m)  ? 
wudaA   huyiyen    (wuda/t 

hundu  nugah)  kuthah- 
kurupun 
eyin  koomuk   thayrobm.- 

yunuwa/i-t/m  ? 
ka/triyuk  naha 
mutii    ay    siyuUiiumth 
kumuk  na  [ekumuyi 

moku^Au     kiirunnrt^ ; 

koomuk  kuruntu  yoo- 

tjioo-thu  ? 
no6mbutuahenuv/rtA-f/m? 
mutu  thayrenmwah 
mutu  thayrennay  na 
mayku.  ge«uyupun 
mrt//ku  urugun 
ma^ku    uhukutii    gewu- 

yupun 


96 


EngllBli. 


'    Siuliale«€  (romauized). 


Why    are    you    so 
slow  ? 


Make  haste ! 
Come  along ! 
Take  care ! 

Look  out ! 
Listen  ! 
Come  in 
Come  here 
Come  back 
Call  my  servant 


Take  this  note 

Bring  an  answer 
Stand  still 
Go  away 
That  way 

This  way 
Too  soon 


Too  late 

What  do  you  want  '^ 

Will  you  do  me  a 
favour  ? 


What  is  it  ? 

1  am  [or  shall  be) 
very  much  obliged 
to  you 


iimha  occaiasiinayi- 
gu-venne     ayi : 
wfiba  opamana 
hemin      kriyd- 
karanne-manda 
ikmam  karapan 
idinyata  varen 
bald  ganin,  salakd- 
pan  [baldsithi 

pravesam-veyan 
dliumkan-dlpan 


Pronuuciation. 


oombu  occuru  ^obnnng- 
goo-wenna?/     ayi  ? 
00  m  b  u     0  p  IT  m  u  n  li 
liemin  kriy«A  kurnn- 
na//-munf//u  ? 

ikmu/i^  kurupun  ! 

if/driyutu  wuren  1 

bula/i   gunin !     suluka//- 
pun  !         [bula/i  si  tin  ! 

pruwa?/3um-weyun  ! 

ahoo/7^kun-</teepun  ! 


dtulveyan;  dfiilota&thool-weynn;  a///oolutu 


mehe  varen 

hdrl(pr  dpasu)  varen 
mage  vddakdraydta 
aiidagahapan     (or 
katdkarapan) 

me  liyiim-kalla  gen- 
ayapan 

attar  ay  ak  genen 

niscalava  hita/ian 

ahakata  palayayi 

ara    andama ;   ara 
mdrgaya         [gay  a 

me  andama  or  vidr- 

ondvata  vddiya  ik- 
vianin;  nisi  kdla- 
yata  matt  en 

nisi  kdlayata  pasnra 

iimbata  kumak 
on  a- da 

mala     upakdrayah 
karannehi-da;  iiihba 
mata  karund-kara- 
navd-da  (or  pi/tita 
venavd-da) 

eya  mukak-da  {ku- 
mak-da);  em  oka-da 

numbata  boho^eyin 
keleJiiguna-vantara 
sitimi  {iiitinnemi) 


mehe  wuren 


[wuren 


haree  (a^pusoo)  wui  en 
mugay   waduka//ru\7///tu 
unduguhupun  (kut_hah- 
kiiriipun) 
may  liyoom  kallu  ge?iu- 

yupun 
oo^^uriiyuk  gewen 
niscuiuwu  hitupun 
uhukutu  puluyun 
uru  unt/iumu;  uru  maAr- 
guyii  [guyu) 

may    unf/mmu    {ma/ir- 
o/mawutu    wadiyii     ik- 
mu7?in;  nisi  krtAluyutu 
mu^^en 
nisi  ka//luyutu  pusoowu 
I  oombutu    koomuk 

ohnSi-tllXL  ? 

mutu  oopuka/zruyuk  ku- 
runnehi-(/m  ?  oombu 
mutu  kuroowa/<-kuiii- 
nuviah-thii  (piliitu- 
wenuwa/^-f/m)  ? 

eyii  mokuk-t/m  (kooniuk- 
thu)  ?    ay  moku-^Au  ? 

noombutu  bohoAse\in 
keZehigoonu  -  wun  /A  u  - 
wu  sitimi  (sitinnemi) 


97 


English. 


Very  well 

I     am     sorry     to 

trouble   you   so 

much 


No  trouble  at  all 

What  is  the  matter 
with  you  ? 

What  is  the  matter? 

Nothing 

Who  is  there  ? 

It  is  I 

What  is  the  news  ? 

Have    you    any 

news? 
I     have     heard 

nothing 


Are     you     quite 
certain  ? 


What     has 
pened  ? 


hap- 


What    temple     is 
that? 

What    church    is 
that? 

Begone  !  or  Go  ! 

Go  home 

Go  to  the  post- 
office  and  bring 
my  letters 

Sinhalese  S.-T. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


hohoma  hondayi 
numhata     opama^ia 

karada ra- ka ran ta 

{hirih  dra-karan  to) 

kanagdtu     vemi 

(mata  kanacidtuyi) 
kohetma  hirihdrayak 

no  ve 
nurhbata    mak-veld- 

da;  numhata  veld- 

tibenne  mokada 
kd riya kim-da ;  ma /.- 

veld  tibenavdrda 
mokakvat  [mokavat) 

ndhd ;  kisit  ndhd 
olte  inne  kavuda 
e  mamaya 
mokada    dramciya  ; 

dramci  monavd-da 
numhata  yam  kin 
dramciyak  Idbim  d-da 
kisivak  mata  drajn- 

ci  une  na ;  mdvisin 

kisivak   asanu    Id- 

biive  na 
umbata    hondutama 

(or    sum.purnayen- 

wa)  sattaka-da 
kumak  sidda  vund- 

da    (or   ddda  veld 

tihe-da) 
e  mona  (or  kumana) 

devastdnayak  da 
e    (ara)    kumana 

palliyak-da 
pala,  imlayan 
gedara  palayan 
tdpdl-kantoruvata 

gos  (or  gohin,  or  go- 

hilld)  mage  liyuui 

aran  vareyi 


Pronunciation. 


boho/tmu  hon^/iuyi 
noombutu  opummiu  ku- 

ru^Auru-kuruntu  (hiii- 

haru-kuruntu)     ku^zii- 

gahtoo     wemi     (mutu 

ku;aigY//<tooyi) 
kohe^mu      hiriharuyuk 

no  \Yay 
noombutu      muk-wela/t- 

i/m?  noombutu  welrt// 

tjiihennay  mokuf/m  ? 
kaAriyu  kim-t/m  ?    muk- 

wela/i  ^ibenuw«/i-i/m? 
mokukwu^  (moku\Yu4^) 

uaha ;  kisi^  naha 
ohay  mnay  kuwoof /m  ? 
ay  mumuyu 
moku/^/m    aAru/i^iyu  ? 
ahY\xngQ>\  monuwa/i-i/m? 
noombutu  yum  kisi  ah- 
ru/i^ciyuk  labo6na/ii//u? 
kisiwuk   mutu  alivungQi 

obway  na  ;     ma/nvisin 

kisiwuk  usunoo  laboo- 

way  na 
oombutu    hon^/iutiimu 

(sumpoonaiyenmu) 

su^^uku-t/m  ? 
koomuk     sit/tthu     woo- 

nah-tJm   {sithtbu.welah 

tjiihay-thu)  ? 
ay  monu  (koomunu)  thay- 

wusthaA-nuyuk-i/tu  ? 
ay  (uru)  koomunii  pulli- 

yuk-Mu? 
pulu !  puluyun  ! 
getJtuYu  puluyun 
fcpal-kun^o/iroowutu 

gos  (gohin,  gohillrt/i) 

mugay  liyoom  urun 

wuren 


98 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Show  me  the  house 
of  the  Consul 

Let  us  start' ;  let 
us  begin^ 

Get     everything 
ready 

Wait 

Here  I  am 

Be  good  enough  to 
tell  me 

Hear   what   I    tell 
you 

Bring     (me)     my 
horse 

Speak  with  the  in- 
terpreter 

Speak  to  him 


What     does 
mean  ? 


thi 


Jconsal  tcmdjiatiydfje 
valavva  (or  geija) 
mata  penvapaji 

pitatvemn};  patan- 
r/animu^ 

siyallaina  lasti  kara 
ganiyi 

hitapan ;  ndvatiyan 

meheyi  mama 
\karund   kara   mata 
kiyanu 

md     kiyana    deta 
dhumkan-denu 

111  dye  aSvayd  (mata) 
genen 

tolka  unnd/ie  ekka 
katd-karapan 

ohii  samaga  katd- 
karapan 

me  mokada;  meke 
teruma  mokada  (or 
kumakda) 


Pronunciation. 


konsul    thahnah     pu^i- 
yahgay  wuluwwu  (geyu) 
mutu  penwupun 
pitu^^wemoo ;     putun- 

gn7?imoo 
siyullumu     las^ii     kuru 

gu?2in 
hitupun,  nawu^lyun 
meheyi  mumo 
kvLYobnah    kuru    mutu- 

kiyunoo 
mah    kiyunu  thaytu  ah- 

dbmkun-^/ieno6 
niaJtgay  u.swuya/<  (mutu) 

genen 
tjiolilkvi    uonaha//    ekku 

kuth«Vi-  kurupun 
ohoo     sumugii    kutha/t- 

kurupun 
may    moku^/ai ;   maykay 

thay  vooiiiu.      moku(/m 

(koomuki/m)  ? 


Notices.     (Ddnvlm.) 


Apartments   to   Ij 

let 
Entrance 

Exit 

Eire  alarm 

Furnished  rooms 


Knock ;  ring 

No  admittance 
No    smoking    al- 
lowed 


e  kdinarakaliyata  (or 

baddata) 'tenia  ti'>et 
doratiiva,  doraJcada, 

vdsala 
jdiatata  yana  maga 
gini-  upadravaya 

danvana  sinuva 
arumosam     dti    (or 

piliyela  karanala- 

da)  kdinara 
tattulca ra iiu ;  sin u  va 

gahanii  [ndldi 

dtulvimata   avasara 
(ttunkola     Idmata 

avasara  nd 


kahmiivu.  kdoliyiitu (buf/i- 
thutd)  tlientii  tjiihetji 

^Aorutoowu,     ^//onikudu, 
waJisulii 

pitu///utu  yanu  mugu 

gini  c5opufAruwuyu  thwn- 
wiinu  seenoowu 

uroomo/tsum    a/7ii    (piZi 
yeln  kuriinului/m)  kah- 
murii 

//tattoo-kurunoo;  seenoo- 
wu guhunoo         [naha 

;i///oo/weemutu  uwusuru 

tliobinkotu     beemutu 
uwusiiiu  na 


Set  out,       ^  Commence. 


09 


English. 


No  thoroughfare 
Please  do  noitouch 


Private 
Public  notice 
Pull ;  push 
Refreshments 
To  be  let,  to  let 
To  bo  sold 
Unfurnished  rooms 
Walk  in 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


para   vahaldya 
atano  gdnumdnava; 

sparSanaya  no  Ica- 

ranu 
piidgalika ;   rahas 
prasidda  dcmvwia 
adinu;  tallukaranu 
kam-hiin;  anna-pdna 
knliijata  denta  tibe 
vikinlwata  tibe 
his  kdiiiara       [venit 
dtul-renu ;  pravista- 


Tpahrii  wuhula/iyu 
u^u  no  gahnoo  maniiwu ; 
spursunuyu  no  kurunoo 

poo^/jguliku ;  ruhus 
■prnsiththii  i/janweemu 
ui/dnoo ;    ^-ulldokurunoo 
kam-beem ;  unnu-paAnu 
kooliyutu  thenti\  thibaij 
wikineemutii  thibay 
his  krt/imurii  [wenoo 

a^ool-weuoo;  pruwisAtu- 


The   Railway.       {Dum-riya-maya.) 
To  the  station 
Here  is  my  luggage 


Take  these  to  the 
cloak-room 

I    wish    to    regis 
ter   my  luggage 
for  ... 

The    luggage    is 
over  weight 

Get  my  luggage ; 
here  is  the  ticket 

Where  is  the  wait- 
ing-room ? 
-  -  -  booking  office? 
.  -  -  buffet? 


lavatory  ? 


(For  Vocabulary  see  p 

diim-riya  palata  (o'" 

stdnayata) 
iiiemia   mage   bara- 

baddara 
III  era    barabaddara- 

kdmarayata   geni- 

yapan 
mage     barabaddara 

...-ta  yavana  lem 

registar-kayanta 

kdmatiyi 
barabaddaraniyama 

jjramdnayata  vadd 

barayi 
mage     barabaddara 

ganin  ;     menna 

iicciUnva 
ndvatl  ntma  kdma- 

raya  ko 
slttii-kantdriiva  ko 
anna-pd/na   stdnaya 

ko ;    kain-bim  sal- 

pila  ko 
at  a    pay a   sod ana 

stdnaya  ko;   vdsi- 

kilii/a  ko 


^/toom-riyu  pulutu  (stha/t- 

nuyiitu) 
meniju  miigay  burubu^A- 

tJtuvii 
may\Yah    hunihuththmii- 

ka/<muruyutu  gerii- 

yupun 
mugrt^    burubui/t^/mru 

...  -tu  yuwiinu  lesii 

regi?tur-kuruntu 

kamfi^iyi 
buriibu^At/iuru   niyumii 

priima/i-??iiyutii  wudf/A 

buruyi 
muga^     burubuf/if/'airu 

guwin  ;     mennu    doc- 

ceettoowu 
nav/uthee  sitinu  kahmu- 

ruyu  koh 
seettoo-kun^o/zroowu  koh 
unnu-pa/mu     r^tha/muyu 

koh?     kam-beem    sul- 

pilu  koh  ? 
u^u      puyu     soA^Mnii 

sthrt/mu\  u     koh  ? 

wasikiZiyu  koh  ? 


100 


English. 


Where  is  the  train 
for  ...? 

Are  you  going  by 
the  express  ? 

Show  me  the  time- 
table 

When    does    the 
train  start  ? 

Can  I  book  through 
to? 


A    first-    (second-) 
class     single 
ticket  to  ... 

Return  tickets 
How  much  is  it  ? 


"We  want  a  sleeping 
carriage 

A  corridor  carriage 
A     carriage     for 

ladies 
A     non- smoking 

compartment 
Is    this    the    train 

for  ...? 
Do  I  change  any 

where     on     the 

journey  ? 
Where     must      1 

change  for  . . .  ? 


Is    this    seat    en- 
gaged ? 
There  is  no  room 


Sluhale^e  (romanized). 


...  -ta    yana    dam. 

liya  ko 
sJgra  (or  visem) 
diimriyenyaunehi-da 
dum-riya  kdla-sata- 

Jiana  mata  penva- 

pan 
dum-riya  pitat  ven- 

ne     h'yi-veldvata- 

da 
...  -ta   yanapinisa 

iiiulu   gam  an    sit- 

iuvak    mata    gata 

Itdki-da 
...  -ta  yamata  pala- 

muveni-     {deveni-) 

panktiye     gam  an 

nttuvak  {8^{>') 
ydm-lme  tnndu  (or 
eya    koccarada     (or 

kopamanada);  eke 

)iiila  klya  hi 
sayana-ratayak  (or 

sdtapiya  hdki  rata 

yak)  apata  ona 
istoppu-ratayak 
nondmaliatmaydld- 

ta  rata  yak 
dum-kola     nohona 

rata-  kuttdmy  a  k 
...  -ta    yana    dum- 
riya  meka-da 
magadl     dum-riya 

mdra-karanta 

6na-da    - 
kotanata  ya^ia  duni- 

riyata     iimruventa 

oua-da 
me   ihdagann a  -  tana 

(or  id  am  a)  ara- 
ida  ndhu     [cjana-da 


Pronunciation. 


...  -tu  yunu  f/toom-riyu 
ko/r?'  ^ 

seegru  {wisayshu)  thoom- 
riyen  yunnehi-i/<u  ? 

i/toom-riyu    k«/ilu-sutu- 
hu7iu  mutu  pen  wu  pun 

^Aoom-riyu  pitu^wen- 
nay  koyi-wa?/la/i-wutu- 
thu  ?  _  ^ 

...-tu  yunupi7dsu  mooZoo 
gumun      seettoowuk 
mutu  gu^u  hakif/m? 

...-tu  ya/miutu  puZumoo- 
weni-  (theweni-)  punk- 
tMyay  gumun  seettoo- 
wuk [(seettoo) 

yahm-eemay  thoondob 

eyu  koccuru^/m  (kopu- 
mu?iu^/<u)  ?  aykay 
mill!  keeyu^u  ? 

suyunu  ruthuyuk  (sa^u- 
piyu  haki  ruthuyuk) 
uputu  o^na 

is//?o//ppoo-ruthuyuk 

no7jna//-muhu/7/,-muyrt/i- 
\ahXii  ruthuyuk 

thoom-kolu      nobonii 
r  u  t  hu  -  kot  t  a/isil  y  u  k 

...-tu  yunu  f^oom-riyu 
maykii-thii  ? 

muguf/iee  f/ioom-riyu 
ma/troo-kuruntu  oh- 
na-  thvL '? 

ko^unutu  yunu  thdom- 
riyutu  mrt/<roo-wentu 
oJm^-thu  ? 

may  inf^uguimu  ^anu 
(idumii)  urugU7iu - th u.  ? 

idu  nalia 


101 


English, 


Call  the  guard 

The   train   is   just 

going  to  start 
Open  the  door 
Open  the  window 

Here  is  the  station 
Do  we  stop  here  "? 


Do  we  alight  here? 


Do     we     change 
carriages  here? 

How   long    do    w^e 
stop  here  ? 

Five  minutes 

My  luggage  is  lost 


When  it  arrives, 
forward  it  on 
to  ... 

Give     me    your 
ticket 

Here  it  is 


Sinhalese  (romanlzed). 


{dum-riya)  baldgafi- 

ndta  andagahapan 
dum-riya  dmi  pitat- 

venta  hadaiiavd 
dora  drapan 
janelaya    (or  kavu- 

luva)  drapan  [pala 
menna     dum-riya- 
viehi  api  navatina- 

vd-da  (or  navatin- 

nem.u-da) 
meld  api{diun-riyen) 

bahinavd-da     (or 

hahinnemu-da) 
api     mehi     karatta 

mdru-karanavd-da 

(-karannemu-da) 
mehi  api  kopamana 

veld     natara-vena- 

vd-da  [-rerinem  u-da) 
vinddi  pa/iak-ya 
mar/e    barabaddara 

ndtivund  (or  ndti- 

veld  tihet) 
eya  samba vuna  vita 

(or    Idbuna    kala) 

...  -ta  yavdpan 
niimbe  gaman  s'lttu- 

va  mata  diyan  (or 
menna  eka      [denu) 


Pronunciation. 


{thoom-viyu)     bula/<gun- 

na/ttu  unduguhupun 
^Adom-riyu    i/mn    pitu^ 

wentu  huf/iunuwa/i 
thorn  ariipun 
junai/luyu  (kuwooZoowu) 

arupun 
mennu  i/toom-riyu-pulu 
mehi     upi     nuwu^inu- 

waJi-thu.  (nuwu^inne- 

moo-thxL  ? 
mehi   upi    (t/ioom-riyen) 

buhinuwcf/t-i/tii  (buhin- 

nemoo-i/iu)? 
upi    mehi    kuru^^-u 

m«/iroo  -kurunuwfl^/t-iM 

(-kurunnemdo-?/tu)  ?     * 
mehi  upi  kopumu?iu  wel- 

a/i  nu^uru-wenuwa/i- 

thu  (-w^enne-moo-t/m)  ? 
win«7«di  puhuk-yu 
mngay     hvLTuhnththiivu 

nsbthmoonah    (na^i- 

wela/i  ^ibe^) 
eyu    sumbuwoonu    witu 

(laboonu   kulu)   ...  -tu 

yuwa/tpun 
ndomhay  giimun  seettoo- 
wu  mutu  ^iyun  {thenoo) 
mennu  aykn 


The  Hotel.     (Hotdl-ddi  navdtdn  gdnayi,) 


Which  is  the  best 

hotel  ? 
Let  us  have  supper 

soon 

Are    our    rooms 
ready  ? 


uttama   hotdle    ko- 

kada 
ikmanin    rakama 

sappdyam-vemu  (or 

kamii,  valandamu) 
ape  kdmara  lasti-da 

(or  suddnam-kara- 

Id-da) 


oo^^umu  hoAtale   koA- 

ku^ii? 
ikmu/iin  ra-kamu  suppaA- 

yun^-wemoo     (kumoo, 

wuZuniAumoo) 
upa?/  ka^muru  las^i-fAu 

(sootAa/mum-kurula/i- 

f/m)? 


102 


English. 

I  want  a  bedroom 

Let   me    see    the 

room 
What   is    the   rent 

of  this  room  ? 
That  is  too  dear 

I    want   a   cheape 
room 


Are     there     any 

letters  for  me  ? 
Where  is  the  w.c.  ? 

Can  I  have  a  warm 

-     bath  ? 

Give  me  the  key  of 
my  room 

Bring    me     some 
warm  water 

Take    my   luggage 
down 

Give  me  a  candle, 
please 

We  leave  early  to- 
morrow morning 

Call  me  at  seven 


Wake  me  at  five 


Sinhalese  (romauized). 


mata     ydtapena-kd- 

marayak  ona 
kdmaraya    halanta 

mata  idadenu 
me  kdmaraye  kuliya 

klyada 
eya   hohoma  ganan- 

vddiyi  (or  aldbayi) 
ita  Idba  (or  yanan- 

adu)     kdinarayak 

mata  ona 
mata  liyum  tibena- 

vdda  (or  tibet-da) 
vddkiliya   (or    kak- 

knssiya)  koheda 
unu    vatura-ndmak 

ganta  puluvan-da 
maye  kdmare  yatura 

mata  diyan 
U71U     ratura     tikak 

mata  yenen 
maye     barabaddara 
pahalata  genayapan 
mata     itipandamak 

denta  hondayi 
api  heta  uddsaninma 

pitatva  yannemu 
hatata  mata  anda- 

gahapan  (or  katd 

karapan) 
pahata  md  pubudu- 
vapa n[ov kuddapan) 


Pronunciation. 


mutu  sa^iipenu-ka/anu- 

ruyuk  o/ma 
kaAmiiruyu    buluntu 

mutu  iduf/tenoo 
may  kahumviiyay  kooliyu 

keeyut/m  ? 
eyii     bohomii     gu7iun- 

wadiyi  (ulaAbuyi) 
eetii  la/ibu  (gmum-udoo) 

kaAmuruyak  mutu  o/ma 

mutu    liyoom     ^ibenu- 

wa/i-f/m  [thiheth-tJm)? 
wasikiZiyu  (kukkoossiyu) 

kohaytJiu  ? 
oonoo   wu^-ooru  namuk 

guntu  poo/dowun-f//u? 
mugay  kahmuvay  yutJioo- 

ru  mutii  t/iiyun 
007Z00     wu^ooru    tikuk 

matu  ge«en 
mugay    burubut/<(/iuru 

puhuZiitu  ge^zuyupun 
mutu     iti-punfAumuk 

thentu  honf/iuyi 
upi  hetu  dbthahsuniuuiu 

pitu^Avu  yunnemoo 
huMtu      mutu      undu- 

guhupun       (kuthah 

kurupun) 
puhutu  mah  pooboo^Aoo- 

wupun  (koof/i^/tupun) 


Breakfast.     (Alumnsuva  gdnayi.) 

(For  Vocabularies  see  pp.  26,  85—87.) 


Is  breakfast  ready? 
Breakfast  is  ready 
Is  the  tea  made  ? 

Do  you  drink  ...  ? 


alum,usuva  lasti-da  i  uloomoosoowulas^i-^/m? 
alumusuva  lastiyi      uloomoosoowu  las^iyi 
te  vatura  suddnam  thayvfuthooixi    soothah- 

karald-da  \      num  kurula/t-t/m  ? 

numba  . . .  bonavd-da  noombu . . .  bonuwaA-t/ju  ? 


103 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


This  cream  is  sour 

Will  you  take  ...? 

These    eggs    are 

hard 
Give  me  some  salt 
Pass  me  the  salt- 
cellar [fresh 
This  butter  is  not 
Bring  some  more 
Is  the  coffee  strong 

enough  ? 
We    want    more 

cups 
Take  some  more .. 
A  piece  of  toast 

A  rasher  of  bacon 
Coffee  with  milk 
Coffee  without  milk 

or  cream 
Coffee  only 
Remove  the  things 

(from  the  table) 


me  kiri-yodaya  am- 

hul  veldyi 
niimha ...  sappdyanv 

venavd-da 
me  bittara  dddilesa 
tambald  tibet     [yan 
rnata  lunu  tikak  di- 
liinu-kuppiya     md 

lanyata  ecdpan  [ve 
me  vendaru  alut  no 
tava  tikak  genen 
kopi  sd/iena  pamana- 

ta  sdrada  (tada-da) 
apata    tava    koppa 

ond  [hondayi 

tava  ...  tikak  ganta 
tost'kdllak,  karakala 

pdn-pettak 
bekan  pettak 
kiri  musu  kopi 
kirivat  yodayavat  nu 

musu  kopi  [nal 
kopi  vitarak  (pama 
(inese)  askarapan 


Pronunciation. 


may  kiri-yo^Auyu  ambool 

wela/iyi 
noombu  ...  sapipahyung 

wenuwah-tlm  ? 
may  bi^^iiru  f/iadilesu 

^umbulaA  thihetji 
mutu  ldo7to6  tikuk  thiyun 
ldo?j6o-kuppiyu    mah 

lu?i^gutu  ewa/ipun  [way 
vaay  wenduroo  uloo^  no 
^'Uwu  tikuk  genen 
koApi  sahenu  pumwiutu 

saru-i/iu  {thi\thu-f]m)^ 
uputii    ^uwii    ko/ippu 

o/ma  [hont/myi 

^uwii  . . .  tikuk    guntu 
toAst-kalluk,     kuruku^u 

Tpahn-^ethtjiuk 
haykmi  ipetjitjiuk 
kiri  moosoo  koApi 
kiriwu^    yoi/tiiyuwu^ 

noo  moosoo  koApi  [nuk) 
ko/ipi  wif/zuruk  (pumu- 
{mayse)  uskurupun 


Dinner.     (Praddna  kdma  gdnayi.) 


(For  Vocabularies  see  pp.  25,  85—87-; 


Show  me  the  bill- 

of-fare 
What     have     you 

ready  ? 
What  soup  will  you 

have  ? 
May    I    give    you 

some  fish  ? 
Fried  seer-fish 
What  wine  will  you 

have  ? 
We    shall   dine   at 

three  o'clock 


kdma-ganan-lcka- 
naya  mala  penvapan 
silddnam-kara    ti- 

benne  koyivd-da 
man  a  sup  {Jiodi)  n  um- 

ba  bmita  kdmati-da 
numbata  mdlu  tikak 

bed  anna- da 
hddapu  tora  mdlu 
mona  vdyin  numba 

bonta  kdmati-dd 
apt     tunata     kdma 

kanyiemu 


kamu-gu^iun-lrtj/kunuyir 
mutu  penw^upun 

sooi/m/tnum-kuru  4^iben- 
nay  koyiwah-thii  ? 

monu  soop  (ho^Ai)  noom- 
bu bontu  kMmitJii-thu? 

noombutu  mahloo  tikuk 
hetJiunn-a-tJm  ? 

bai/mpoo  tjiohvu  maJdob 

monu     wayin      noombu 
bontu  kamu^i-f/m? 

upi  ^oowutii  kamu  kun- 
nemoo 


104 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanlzed).    i 


Pronunciation. 


Are  you  hungry  or 
thirsty  ? 

I  am  very  thirsty 

I  help 


What  shall 
you  to  ? 


Which    do    you 

prefer  ? 
No,  thank  you 
Help  yourself 
It  is  excellent 
Change  the  plates 
Give   me   a    clean 

fork 
A  clean  knife 

Bring   me  a   glass 

of  water 
Give  me  something 

to  drink 


nuriihata  hadagini-da 

ndtnam  jjipcisa-da 

(or  tibaha-da) 
mata    bohoma   tiba- 

hayi  (or  jnpdsayi) 
numbata  kumak  be- 

danna-da;numbata 

bedanne  makkd-da 
koyivdta-da{ov  mona 

deyata-da)  numba 
epd,  stutiyi  [kdmati 
beddganta  hondayi 
eya  anargayi     [pan 
ping  an  mdrukara- 
pirisidu  gdrppuvak 

mata  diyan 
pirisidn  (or  Siidda) 

inhiyak 
matavatura  vlduru- 

vak  genen 
bonta  mokavat  [or  yam 

deyak)  mata  diyan 


noombutu  budugini-t/<u 

na^num  pipa/isu-i/m 

(^ibuhu-(/m)  ? 
mutii  bohomu  ^ibuhuyi 

(pipa/tsuyi) 
noombutu  koomuk  h^th- 
unnu-iM  ?    noombutu 
bei/tunnay  mukka/i-iM? 
koyiwa/itu-^/iu     (monu 

t/ieyutii-t/iu)  noombu  ka- 
epa/?,s^do^iyi    [mu^i? 
hei/ia//guntu  hontAuyi 
eyu  unurguyi  [pun 

ipinggahii     ma//rdokuru- 
pirisi^/<oo  gaArppoowuk 

mutii  thiyun 
pirisii/ioo    (sooi/ithu) 

piliiyuk 
mutu  v/u^oorii  weethoo- 

roowuk  ge7ien 
bontii   mokuwu^    (yum 

thejuk)  mutu  thijxin 


Tea,     {Te-bima  sambandayi.) 

For  Vocabularies  see  pp.  25,  35—37.) 


Tea  is  ready 
Will  you  come  ? 
Pour  out  the  tea 
Bring  a  saucer 
Ring,  if  you  please 


A  little  more  milk 

More  bread 

A  slice  of   bread 

and  butter 
Will  you  take  some 

cake  ? 

A  small  piece 
This  is  excellent  tea 


te-vatura  lastiyi 
numba  enavd-da 
te  vakkarajmn 
plHsiyak  genen 
karundkara    slniya 

gahanu   (or   tattu- 

karanu) 
tava  tikak  kiri 
tava  pdn 
vendaru  sahita  (or 

gdpu)  pdn-pettak 
numba  kek  (kdvum) 

kdllak     sappdyam 

V enavd-da 
kudd  kdllak 
me  anarga  teyi 


thay-wuthoovii  lastiyi 
noombii  enuwah-thii  ? 
thay  wukkiiriipun 
peerisiyuk  ge??en 
kurd6?iaAkiirii     seeniyii 

guhunoo     (^uttoo- 

kurunoo) 
^uwu  tikuk  kiri 
^uwu  pa  An 
wenduroo  suhi^u  {gah- 

poo)  ipahn-ipetht_h\ik 
noombu  kayk  (kawoom) 

kalluk      suppa/iyu/i^- 

wenuwa/i-t/tu  ? 
koodaA  kalluk 
may  unurgu  thayi 


105 


Health.     {Sanipa-sambandayi.) 

(For  Vocabnlaries,  see  pp.  32—36) 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


How  are  you  ? 
I  am  very  well 


I  am  ill 


I  am  not  very  well 

I    hope    you    will 
soon  be  better 


Do  you  sleep  well ' 

Pretty  well,  thank 

you 
I    have    caught    a 

chill 
I  feel  sick 
Send  for  a  doctor 


I  want  to  see  a  . . . 

She  has  a  cough 

Where  is  there  a 
chemist's  shop  ? 

How  much  is  the 
doctor's  fee  for  a 
visit? 

Have  this  prescrip- 
tion made  up 

One  tablespoonful 
three  times  a 
day 


sayilpa  kohoma-da 
mata    honda    sani- 

payi ;  honda  sanl- 

pen  sitimi 
mata     asampayi ; 

mama  asanlpayen 

(or   ledin)  sitimi 
mata    boho    sanlpa 

ndhd 
numhe  sanipaya  ik- 

manin  diyunu-ven- 

neyayi    baldporot- 

tuvemi 
numbata  honddkdra 

mnda  Idbenavd-da 
taramak    hondata 

Idbe,  stutiyi 
mama    sitak     aran 

sitimi  \jiavd 

mage  bada  dangala 
dostar-kenek     (or 

vedek)    genvapan 

(or  kdnda-vapan) 
...   balanta  (dakin- 

ta)  ond 
dta  kdssak  tibe ;    a 

kdssakin  pele 
rasdyana-behet-sdp- 

puvak  koyiba  tibe-da 

eka    gamanakata 

dostara  gdstuva 

koccara-da 
me    vattoruve    liyd 

tibena    beheta    sd- 

davd  diyan 
mesa   hdndak  pur  a 

davasata  tun  sdra- 

yak  ganu 


Pronunciation. 


suneepu  kohomu-^u  ? 
mutu  hon^/tii  suneepuyi ; 

hont/iu   suneepen 

sitimi 
mutu      usuneepuyi; 

mumu   usuneepuyen 

(ledin)  sitimi 
mutu    boho/i    suneepu 

naha 
n6omb«2/  suneepuyu   ik- 

mu/iin  ^/dyoo??o6-wen- 

nayywji  bula/i-poro^- 

^oowemi 
noombutu  hon^/iaAka/iru 

nin^/iu  labeniiwaA-f/m  ? 
^urumuk     hon«/mtu 

laba?/,  s^oo^iyi 
mumu    see^uk    urun 

sitimi  [nuwa/i 

mvigay  budu    thmiggxAxi- 
^/ios^ur-kenek    (wef/iek) 

genwupun      (kan^/ju- 

wupun) 
...  buluntii  (t/mkintu) 

o/jna 
atu   kassuk    tKihay ;     a 

kassukin  pe/a?/ 
rusa/iyunu  behet^  sa/ip- 

poowuk     koyibu     thi- 

hay-tJm  ? 
eku    gumunukutu     thos- 

thuiXL  gahsthoovfVL  koc- 

Curu-iM  ? 
may  wnttohrooway  liyah 

^ibenu    behe^u  sah- 

thuwah  thiynn 
Toaaysu    haniAuk    poora^ 

i/iuwusutu   ^don  saru- 

yuk  gunoo 


106 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


To    be  taken  after 

each  meal 
Shake  the  bottle 
Outward    applica- 
Poison     [tion  only 


eka  eka  kamen  pasu 

ganu 
botale  holavanu 
pitingamata  pama- 
vaaa  [V'^yi 


eku    eku    kamen    pusoo 

gunoo 
hohthulai/  holuwunoo 
pitin  gamutu  pumuwuyi 
wusu 


The  Time.     ( Veldva  gdnayi,) 

(For  Vocabulary  see  p.  28.) 


Please  tell  me  the 

time 
What  time  is  it  ? 
Ten   minutes  past 

seven 
It  has  just  struck 

nine 
The  clock  is  striking 

A  quarter  past  one 


It  is  past  one 
Half-past  four 
Twenty  minutes  to 

six 
A  quarter  to  eight 
By  my  watch 

Exactly  3  o'clock 

At  what  time  ? 
9.0  a.m. 
7.0  p.m. 
It  is  not  late 
It  is  early 


mata  veldva  kiyanu 

mdnava 
veldva  klya-da 
hata  jjahuveld  vind- 

di  dahayayi 
meddn  namaya  tat- 

tuvund 
oralosuva      tattuve- 

navd 
eka  pahuveld  vinddi 

paJialohayi;  ekakut 

pdya  kdlayi 
dan  eka  pahiiveldyi 
hatara-Jiamdrayi 
hayata   vinddi    vis- 

sayi 
atata  {pdya)  kdlayi 
mage  at-oraldsuve 

prakdrayata 
veldva  hariyatama 

tunayi 
koyi  veldvata-da 
ude  namayatayi 
savasa  hatatayi 
daval  veld  ndJid 
veldsanayi 


mutii   wela/iwii    kijiinoo 

manuwu  ? 
waylahwu  keeyu-^Au  ? 
hu^ii     puhoowela/i 

winaMi  ^/mhuyuyi 
maytha,n   numuyu   ^ut- 

too-woona/i 
orulo/isoowu      ^uttoo- 

wenuwa/i 
eku  puhoowek/j  winaAdi 

puhuZohuyi ;  ekukoo^ 

payu  kaMuyi 
thsin  eku  puhoowelaAyi 
hu^uru-humaAruyi 
huyutu  wina/idi  wissuyi 

utiitu  (paj^u)  kaMuyi 
mugay  uih-ovnlohsdo^Yay 

pruka/iruyutu 
wa?/la/iwu    huriyutumu 

^ooMuyi 
koyi  wa?/la/iwutu-f Au  ? 
oothay  numuyutuyi 
suwusu  hu^utuyi 
t/mwul  welaA  naha 
wai/la/isunuyi 


Post-office  and  Telegrams.     {Tdpdl  ddiya  gdnayi.) 

(For  Vocabulary  see  p.  60.) 


Where  is  the  tele- 
graph {or  post-) 
office? 


viduli-pravrtti    (or  j  wi^Aooli-pruwri^^i- 

tdpdl-)  kantoniva  (iAapal-)  kunthoh- 

koheda  \      roowu  kohay£/m  ? 


107 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


Have  you  any  let- 
ters [telegrams, 
newspapers]  for 
Mr.  ...? 

Will  this  letter  go 
to-uight  ? 

What  is  the  postage 
of  this  letter  ? 

I  want  to  register 
a  letter   [charge  ? 

What     is     the 

Name  and  address 
of  sender 

Reply  paid 

When  is  the  next 
delivery  ? 

When    does    the 
post-office  close? 

Is  the  English  mail 
in  yet  ?  ! 


...  iinndheta  (o    ma- 

hatmaydta)    liifum 

[viduli-pravrtti, 
pravrtti-patraj  tibe- 

navd-da  (or  tihet-da) 
me    liyamana    ada 

I'd  tdpdlen  ydvida 

(or  yanne-da) 
me  liyume  muddara- 

(td})dl-)     gdstuva 

koccara-da 
liyumak     rijistar- 

karanta  ona      [d.a 
gdstuva  kopamana- 
arinndge  (or  yavan- 

ndge)  nam  a  gam  a 
uttara-gdstuva  geva- 

na  ladl 
a  nit  tdpdla  koyi-ve- 

Idvata  ldbevi-da(oY 

bedajiu  labayine-da) 
tdpdl-kantoruva  kl- 

yata  vahdn-da  (or 

vahanne-da) 
englantenena  tdpdla 

dan  dvilld  tibe-da 

(laiigd  veld  tibe-da) 


...oonnahai/tii  (muhu^- 

muya/ttii)  liyoom  [with- 

ooli-pruwri^^i,      pru- 

wri^^i-pu^rii]  ^ibe- 

nvLwaJi-thu  (thiheth-thu)^ 

may   liyumiinu   uthu   ra 

^apalen     yahwithu 

(yunnay-t/m)  ? 

may     liyooma^     axooth- 

thmu-  (/Aapal )    gahs- 

thoowu  koccuru-iM? 

liyoorauk  rijistur-kiirun- 

tu  ohna,  [tJm  ? 

gahstho6\YU    kopumuwu- 

nrmnahgay    (yuwunna/i- 

gay)  numu  gumu 
ootJithiiYu-gahsthdoviu 

gewunu  \uthee 
un\th  papain  koyi-way- 
k/iwutii  l&haywi-thu  (be- 
thnnoo  luhunnay-tJm)? 
^apal-kun^o/troowu 
keeyutu  wuha/iwi-t/m 
{wuhunnay-thu)  ? 
eiigglunthen  enu  papain 
th&n  awilla/i  thihay-tJm 
{\u.nggahwe\ah  thihay-thii) 


In  Town.     (Nagara-saficdraya  gdnayi.) 

(For  Vocabulary,  see  p.  80.) 


Where  shall  we  go  ? 
Let  us  go      [to...? 
Which  is  the  way 
W^here     does     this 

road  lead  to? 
Go  up  the  street 


Is  it  far  from  here? 
How  far  is  it  to...  ? 


api  kohdta  yamu-da 
yamii  [kada 

...-ta  yana  mag  a  kd 
me  pdra  (or  maga) 
kohdta  yanne-da 
vltiye  ihala  dihd- 
vata    yanu    (or 
palayan)       [ra-da 
metanahita  eya  du- 
. . .  -ta    kopamana 
dura- da 


upi  kohahiu  yumoo-^M  ? 
yumoo  [kuf/iu  ? 

...-tu   yunu    mugu   ko/i- 
may  pa/iru    (mugu)    ko- 

haMu  yunnrti/-t/tu  ? 
weethiyai/   ihulu  thihah- 

wutii  yunoo  (puluyun) 
[ru"^i/tu? 
me^unuhitu    eyu    thoo- 
. . .  -tu  kopumu«,u  ^c^ru- 

(M? 


108 


English. 


Show  me  the  way 
Turn  to  the  right 

Go  quickly 

Go  slowly 
Go  straight  on 
Keep  to  the  left 

Second  turning  to 
the  right 

Cross  the  road 

In  what  street  . . .  ? 

Is  this  the  way 
to...? 

Do  you  know  Mr. 
F.  ? 

I  don't  knov/  any- 
one of  that  name 

I   know   him  very 

well 
Who  is  he  ? 
He  is  an  old  friend 

of  mine 
Where  does  he  live? 

Close  by  (me) 
Can  you    take  me 
to  a  good  hotel? 

Is  Mr.  F.  (Mrs.  F.) 
at  home  ? 

Have  you  a  card  ? 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


mata   maga  penva- 

pan 
dakunu  pdttata  (or 

dakunata)  hdriyan 

(hdrenu) 
vigahata    yanu    (or 

palayan) 
hemin  palayan 
kelinma  palayan 
pare    varnat    ayina 

dige  palayan 
dakunn-pdtte  devnii 

haraspdra     (vam- 

guva) 
para    haraha    anit 

pdttata  palayan 
. . .  koyi  vltiyehi-da 
me     ...-ta     yana 

pdra-da 
numba    F.    nnndhe 

andunanavd-da 
e  nama  dti  kidvek 

mama    andunanne 

ndhd 
mama   ohu   bohoma 

hondata  aiidunami 
eyd  kav-da 
eyd  (or  unndlie)  mage 

par  ana  ydluvekya 
unndhe   kohe    vasa- 

yi-da 
md  kittuvaya 
honda  hotalayakata 

md   kdtuva   yanta 

puluvan-da 
F.  unndhe  {F.  no- 
ndmahatmayd) 
gedara-da 
innba     laiiga     kdrd 

ekak  (or  ndma  slt- 

tuvak)  tiyenavd-da 


Pronunciation. 


mutu  mugu  penwupun 

thukooyioo     pa^i/zutu 

(tAukdo?2utu)     hariyun 

(harenoo) 
wiguhutu    yunoo    (pulu- 

yun; 
hemin  puluyun 
kelinmii  puiuyun 
i^aJivay    wumu^     uyinii 

thigay  puluyun 
thukoondb-jifiththay  the- 

veni     burus-pa^ru 

(wu/2^go6wu) 
pa/iru     huruhu     uni^ 

pa^^utu  puluyun 
...  koyi  weethiyehi-f/m ? 
uiay    ...-tu    yunu     ipah- 

lU-thVL  ? 

noombu     F.     donnahay 

unt/iOonunuwa/t-^M  ? 
ay   numu    a^i    kisiwek 

mumu    i\ntho6n\innay 

naha 
mumu    ohoo    bohomu 

honf/iiitu   untAoouumi 
eyah  kuw-f/m  ? 
eyah  (donnaha//)  mug  ay 

puru?iu  ya/iloowekvu 
donnabay  kohay  wusuyi- 

thVL? 

mah  kittoowuyu 
honf/iu    ho/ituluyukutu 

mah    katoowu    yuntii 

poo/oowun-f/m  ? 
F.  oomiaha?/  (F.  nohnah- 

muhnthnmy ah)  gethn- 

rH-thii  ? 
oombu  \\mgn  kahrd  ekuk 

(na/tmu      seettoowuk) 

th\y  eimv^' ah -t  Jill? 


109 


Enslish. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronnn  elation. 


Give  him  my  card 


I  will  call  again 
Does     he     expect 
you? 

He    is    expecting 
you 

I  have  an  engage- 
ment with  him 
Good  morning      V 
Good  evening       / 
Welcome ! 
How  do  you  do  ? 
I  am  very  well 

I  must  go 
Good-bye,  farewell 
[The  reply  to  above]  : 
What  is  the  name 

of  that  village  ? 
What    sort    of    a 

road  is  it? 


mage     hard    eka 

(or  ndma  slttuva) 

ohuta  dlpan  [no) 
ndvata  ennemi  {en- 
numba  eviyayi  kiya 

ohu    bald  porottu- 

venavd-da 
nuiiiba     ennehiyayi 

imndhe  bald  porot- 

tu  ve 
ohu     sambaventa 

mama  porondu   vl 

,_       ,      hitimi 
ayu  bovan^     '- 

svdgatam  [772  a- da 
sdpa  sanipa  koho- 
mama  bohoma  sanl- 

pen  sitimi 
mama  yanta  ond 
goliin  eiina  {en7\emi)- 
hondayi,gohinva  reii 
ara    game,    nama 
7noka-da  (kumak-da) 
eya  koyi  dkdra  (ke- 

bandu)    magak-da 

{j>drakda) 


mahgay  kahid  ekii  (nah- 

mu  seettoowu)  ohootu 

^/teepun 
nawu^u  ennemi  (enyu.) 
noombu  ai/wiyuyi  kiya/t  ? 

ohoo  hnlah  iporothlhoo- 

wenuwa/i-?M  ? 
noombu  ennehiyuyi  oon- 

nsihay    hulah   poro^- 

^00  wa?/ 
ohoo  sumbuwTntu  mumu 

poron^//6o  wee  sitimi 

ahyoo  bo/iwun 

swahguthnm  !  [thii  ? 

sapu   suneepu    kohomu- 
mumu  bohomu  suneepen 

sitimi 
mumu  yuntu  o/ma 
gohin  enyah  (ennemi) 
hon^/myi,  gohin  wuren 
urii    gujnay   numu   mo- 
muk-f/iu  (koomuk-^Au)  ? 
eyu  koyi  ahkahiu  (kebun- 

thoc>)  muguk-t/m  (pa/i- 

ruk-iM)  ? 


Shopping.     (Kade  ganu  denu  ydnayi.) 

(For  Vocabularies,  see  pp.  29—28,  85,  44.) 


How  much  ? 
That  is  too  much 


What  is  the  price 
Will  you  send  them 

at  once  ? 
Please   send   them 

at  once 
Send  them  to  ... 

1  May  there  be  long  life 


kiyada,  koccarada 
eya  bohoma  vddiyi  ; 

eya  bohoma  ganan 

vddiyi  [yada) 

mila  koccarada  {Jd- 
evd    ekenehima   ya- 

vanavd-da 
evd   ekenehima    ya- 

vanta  hondayi 
evd    ...-ta  yavdpan 

{arapan) 
.    "  I  will  go  and  come ;  a 


keeyuthu  ?  koccuruf/m  ? 
eyu    bohomu    wadiyi ; 

eyu     bohomu     gu7ran 

wadiyi  [th\i  ?) 

milu  koccurutM  (keeyu- 
aywah     ekewehimu    yu- 

wunuwa/i.-t/iu  ? 
aywah     eke^iehimu     yu- 

wuntu  hont/iuyi 
ayvfah    ...-tu    yuwaApun 

(arupun) 

u  revoir.    -  Good,  go  and  come. 


110 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


I  wish  to  buy  ... 

I  will  take  this        i 

I  want  some  calico 
I  should  like  to  see 

some  ribbons 
This  colour  is  too 

dark — light 

Have  you  any  nar- 
rower— broader? 

What  is  the  value 
of  a  yard  of 
this?  (What  is 
this  a  yard  ?) 

It  is  faded 

Not  so  fine 

This  will  do 

A  skein  of  sewing 

silk 
Try  on  these 
They  fit   you  very 

well 
What   are    they   a 

pair? 
It  is  too  dear 
Make  out  my  bill 


. , .    mileta    ganta 

mata  kdmatiyi 
mama  meya  (rneica) 

gannemi  [mata  ona 
kciliko  nam  kapupili 
pitta  pati  tikak  ha 

lanta  mata  kamatiyi 
me    pdta    onavata 

vadd  anduniyi — 

suduyi 
mita   vadd  patiiwd 

( — palalwd)  tiyena- 

vd-da 
meyin   ydruvak   ki- 

yada  or  meyin  yd- 

ruvaka  mila  kopa- 

manada   '[mokada, 

meya  ydruvak- da) 
eya  vivarna  vl  tihe; 
OT  eke  pdta  gohilldya 
opamana  hlnvd  (or 

siyum-vd)  epd 
meya  sahevi 
mahana    pata    nul 

kdrdllak 
mevd  dnda  balanu 
7iumbata  meivd  hon- 

ddkdra  liettuveti 
makkdda  evd  kuita- 

mak-da 
eyabohoma  aldbayi 
mage   hila    [ganan- 
patraya)  liyddiyan 


...  milrti/tu  guntu  mutu 

kamu^iyi 
mumu    meyu    (mfl?/ku) 

gunnemi  [mutu  oAna 
kaliko/i  num  kupoo  piZi 
pee^l^-u  puti  tikuk  bu- 

luntu  mutii  kamu^iyi 
may    pa/itu     o/mawutii 

wuda/i    untAoorooyi — 

soot/iooyi 
meetu  wuda/i   putoowa/i 

( — puZulwa/i.)  ^iyenu- 

wah-thijL  ? 
meyin    ya/iroowuk    kee- 

yut/iu  ?      meyin     yah- 

roowuku    milu    kopu- 

muwui/m  ?     (mokutAu, 

meyu  yaAroowuk-^/iu?) 
eyu  wiwurnu  wee  thibay; 

aykay  pa/itu  gohillaAyu 
opiimuwu    heenwa/t    (si- 

yo6m-w ah)   eipah 
mevu  sahaywi 
muhunu    putii    nool 

karalluk 
maywah  anf/tu  bulunoo 
noombutu  mat/wa/i  hon- 

thahkahrvi  haythtJioo- 
mukkahthu    ay-      [we^i 

waA  koot-tumuk4/iU  ? 
eyii  bohomu  ula/ibuyi 
mugay  hiln  (gu;iun-put- 

ruyu)  liya^  thiynn. 


Have 


I   to 
permission 
shoot  here  ? 
To    whom  must 
apply  ? 


Shooting.      (Dadayam-kirima  gdnayi.) 

(For  Vocabulary,  Bee  p.  Bl.) 

obtain  meJii  dadayam  A:^?■^- mehi    f/iuduyum 


to 


kiree- 


mata  avasara  ganta 
ond-da 
kdgen  mama  avasara 
illunta  ond-da 


mutu   uwiisuru  guntu 
ohnsL-thu  ? 
kaho;en   mumu  uwusuru 
iUuntu  o/tna-t/iu? 


Ill 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


What  kind  of  game 
can  I  get  here  ? 

Elk,  deer,  hare,  wild 
buffalo,  boar,  fox, 
leopard,  bear, 
elephant,  &c. 

What  is  the  rent  ? 

How  many  hunting 
dogs  will  you  let 
me  have  ? 

Are  the  dogs 
properly  trained 
(to  hunt)  ? 

Keep    the    dogs 
back 

Load  my  gun 

Carry  my  gun 

Give  me  some  cart- 
ridges 

Do  not  fire 

Let  me  have  a  shot 
with  your  gun 

To  cock  a  gun 


yiiehi  kumana  dada- 
yapi  karanta  hdki-da 
gonnu,    viuva,     hd, 

val-harak,  val-uru, 

nari,  koti,  valas,  at, 

ddi  dadayam-ya 
badda  koccara-da 
dadayam  ballan  kl- 

denek  mata  denne- 

Jii-da 
{dadayam-karanta) 

hallo     hoiiddkara 

purudu-karald-da 
ballan     issarahata 

enta  no  di  natara 

karagan 
mdge     tuvakkuva 

patavapan 
mdge    tuvakkuva 

geniyapan 
pataron    klpayak 

niata  diyan 
vedi  tiyanta  epd 
nuihbe  tuvakkuve7i 

vedillak    tiyanta 

mata  ida  diyan 
tuvakkuve     kokd 

adi7ita 


Pronunciation. 


mehi  koomunu  <7iudu- 
yum  kuruntu  haki-i/iu? 

go/mnoo,  moowu,  hah, 
wul'huruk,  wul-ooroo, 
nuri,  koti,  wulus,  Q>th, 
ahthi  i/iuduyum-yu 

hnththu  koccuru-(Au  ? 

t/iuduyum  buUun  kee- 
thenek  mutu  t/ienne- 
hi-f/iu? 

(f/iuduyum-kuruntu)  bul- 
\oh  honthahkahm  poo- 
roothoo-kvivulah-thu  ? 

bullun  issuruhutu  entu 
no  thee  nu^uru  kuru- 
gun  ^  _ 

mahgay  ^oowukkoowu 
putuwupun 

mahgay  ^oowukkoowu 
ge/iiyupun 

pu^uron  keepuyuk  mutu 
thiyun 

wedi  ^iyuntu  epa/i 

noomhay  ^oowukkoO- 
wen  wedilluk  t/iiyuntu 
mutu  idu  thiyun 

^oowukkoowa?/  koka^ 
uthmtvL 


Fishing.      (Mdlu  dlllma  gdnayi.) 


(For  Vocabulary,  see  p.  61.) 


Is    there  any  fish- 
ing   to    be   had 
near  here  ? 
Must  I  first  obtain 
permission      to 
fish? 
What  is  the  rent  for 
fishing  in  this  river 
(lake,  pond)  ? 


me  asala  yam  kisi 
tdnaka  mdlu  allan- 
ta  puluvan-da 

mala  allayita  avasa- 
ra  palamu  kota 
ganta  6nave-da 

megaiige  (vdve,  po- 
kune)  mas-mdrlm- 
(or  kevul-)  badda 
koccara-da 


may     usulu     yum     kisi 

^anuku     mahloo    ul- 

luntu  -pooloowun- thu.  ? 

mahloo   ulluntu   uwusu- 

ru  puZiimdo  kotu  gun- 

tu  ohna>-way-thu  ? 

may    gunggay     (wawa?/, 

ipokoonay)  mus-mareem- 

(kewool)  butJitJtu.  koccu- 

ru-(M  ? 


112 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


Pronunciation. 


Can  I  get  the  sole 
right  of  fishing  ? 

Can  I  have  a  boat 
and  boatman  ? 

What  do  you 
charge  for  the 
hour  (day) ? 

The  oar 

Have  you  brought 
some  bait  ? 

Will  you  bring  a 
bait? 

What  bait  must  I 
use? 

Give  me  a  hook 

W^ill  you  bait  my 
line? 

Give  me  my  rod 

Row  gently  (with- 
out stirring  the 
water) 

Donotmakeanoise 

Make  haste 

The  fishing  is  good 
here 

How  much  does 
this  fish  weigh? 

Will  you  weigh  it? 


main  allanta  mulu 

balaya  mata  gata 

hdki-da 
orukdrayek   samara 

oruvak   mata  lal/d 

gata  hdki-da 
pdyakata     [davasa- 

kata)  umhe  kullija 

(or  gdstuva)  kocca 
hahala  [ra-da 

tikak  {inokavat)  dim 

vmha  gendvd-da     \ 
dmak  genenta   hon- 

dayi 
mona  dmakdamanta 

ona-da 
hili-katuvak    mata 

diyan 
mage  hili-lanuvata 

dmak  dam,dpan 
mage  bili-pitta  diyan 
iyatura     no     solvd) 

hemin  oruva  }mda- 

pan 
gosd  karanta  cpd 
ikmam  karapan 
mehi    mdlu    dlllma 

liondayi 
m  e     mdlu  -  kuriydge 

bara  kopamana-da 
eya  kirdpan  ' 


ma/iloo  ulluntu  mooloo 
buluyu  mutu  guf//-u 
haki-t/iu? 

orookaAruyek     sumugu 
oroowuk    muiu    luba/t 
gu^u  haki-f/m  ? 

payukutu  (i/tuwusukutu) 
umhay  kooleeyu  {gah- 
sthoowa)  koccuru-iM? 

hubulu 

tikuk  (mokuwu^)  am 
oombu  genahwah-thii  ? 

amuk  gewentu  honf^uyi  ? 

monu    amuk    <7tumuntu 

ohivd-thu  ? 
bili-kutoowuk  mutu  thi- 

yun         .  .         _ 
muga?/      bill  -  lunoowutu 

amuk  thumah^uu  ? 
muga?/bili-pi^iAu  tJdyiin 
(wu^ooru    no     solwa/^) 

hemin  oroowu   pa^a- 

pun 
gohshah  kuruntu  epa/i 
ikmung  kurupun 
mehi    mahlod    alleemu 

hon^Auyi 
may  ma hlookooviy a hgay 

buru  kopumii?iu-^/ai  ? 
eyu  kira/tpun  ? 


Commercial  and  Trading. 

(For  Vocabulary  s 


( Velandam  sambandayi.) 

pp.  42!  46.) 


Send  in  my  account 
I   am   leaving    to- 
morrow 
Giv«  r-^e  a  receipt 

Show     me     the 
balance-sheet 


mage  bila  evdpan 
mama    heta  pitatvl 

yannemi 
kuvitansiyak     mata 

diyan 
ayavdya    lekanaya 

mata  penvdpan 


mugai/  bilu  ew«/<pun 
mumu    hetu    pitu/Tiwee 

yunnemi 
koowi^unsiyuk     mutu 

thiyMn 
uyu     wayu     la?/kunuyu 

mutu  penwa//pun 


113 


English. 


What     are     the 

liabihties  ? 
There  is   an   error 

in  your  account 
My    samples    are 

delayed 
I  want  to  get  them 

through     the 

Custom  House 
This  cheque  needs 

endorsing 

Have  you  declared 
the  value  ? 

I  will  prepay  the 
carriage 

Give  me  your  esti- 
mate 

Quote  me  a  price 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


gevanta  Hyena  naya 

kopamana-da 
umbe  ganane  vdra- 

dillak  tibe 
mage   mostra    badu 

nataram  tibet 
evd  reguven  mama 

bird  gunta  ona 

me  cdk  eke  pitipdtte 
atsankaranta  ona 

baduvala     vatind- 

kama     sahatika 

kald-da 
geiia  ydmeviyadama 

kalin  gevannemi 
umbe  ta  kse  ruva  mat  a 

liyd  diyan 
mila  gaiianak  mata 

kiydpan 


Pronunciation. 


gewuntu    ^iyenu   nuyfi 

kopiimunu-fAu  ? 
oomhay  gununay  waru- 

^Ailluk  thihay 
mugay  mohsthru  budoo 

nu^uruwee  ^ibe^ 
aywah  raygoowen  mumu 

hayrah  guntu  o7ma 

may  cak   ekay  pitipa^- 

thay     u^sun-kuruntu 

o/ma 
budoowulu     wutinaA 

kumu      suhu^iku 

kulah-thu  ? 
genuyahmay  wiyui/mmu 

kulin  gewunnemi 
oombay     thuksayvoowt 

rautu  liyah  thijun 
milu     gu7?unuk     mutu 

kiya/ipun 


Public  Works.     {Goda7idgili  sambandayi.) 


Come    here    with 

your  hoe 
Bring  (it)  here 
Don't  dig  there 

Dig  wider 

How  many  men  are 
wanted  to  cut  the 
jungle  ? 

Six  men  are  wanted 
for  road  work 

Send  three  men  to 
help  the  carpen- 
ter 

Take  eight  men  to 
build  the  bridge 

Sinhalese  S.-T. 


oomhay  oothalluth  urun 

mehe  wuren 
(eyii)  meh^Atu  ge^ien 
e^unu     kotuntu     (hah- 

runtii)  epa/t 
^uwu    puZul-lesu    hah- 

rupun 
kalawu    kupa^    f/iamee- 
mutu    minisoou    kee- 
thenek  ohna^-thu  ? 
pdre  vddata  minisun,  ^ahvay  wadutu  minisoon 

hayadenek  ond       i      ImyufAenek  o/ma 
vaduvdta   udavvena'  wudoowaAtu  u^Auwwenu 
pinisa  minisun  tun      piwisii  minisoon  ^don 
denek  yavdpan        j      fAenek  yuwa^pun 
pdlama     sadimata  ,pa/ilumu     sat/ieemutu 
minisun  ata  denek      minisoon  utu  f/ienek 
aragan  '      urugun 


urhbe    uddllat  aran 

mehe  varen 
{eya)  mehdta  genen 
etana   kotanta    (or 

hdranta)  epd 
tava     palal-lesa 

hdrapan 
kalava  kapd  ddml- 

mata    minisun   ki- 

denek  ona- da 


IIA 


English. 


"What  kind  of  soil 
is  there  at  that 
place  ? 

Very  sandy 
Where  was  this  stiff 

clay  got  ? 
This  is  exceedingly 

hard  ground 
The  hoe  will  break 
A   pickaxe  will   be 

required  here 
Remove  the  stones 

with  a  crowbar 
Blast  out  the  rock 

Put  aside  all  stones 
suitable  for  the 
foundation 


not 


The    space   is 

sufficient 
Measure  a  foot  and 

a  half 
Level    thirty    feet 

further  back 


The  ground  is  very 
soft ;    you  must 
therefore      lay 
down  a  plank 

Bring  the  line  and 
pegs  to  mark  out 
the  foundation 


Sinhalese  (romanlzed). 


Pronuuciatiou. 


ehi    him  a    (or   pas) 
mona  dkdra-da 

bohoma  vdli-musuya 
me  iiku  mdti  kolien 

labd  gattd-da 
meya  itdm.at  kd?taka 

bimaya 
ud cilia  kddevi 
mehi     (^ketlinata) 

pikamak  d7id  vevi 
alavamquvakin    gal 

ahak-karapan 
gala  (or  parvataya) 

pupuravapan 
attivdramata  sudit- 

suvu   gal-kdta    si- 

yallama  pdttakata 

damanii 
ida  madly i 


adi     eka    hamdrak 

mdnapan 
pafisd  patten  tava  adi 
tihak  (dura)  sama 
tald  karapan 
bima  boJioma  bund 
(or  erena)  nisd 
lallak  eld  damd- 
pan 

attivdrama    lakanu 
karanta    bim    ma 
nina    lanuvayi    li 
dnayi  genen 
Must  this  work  he:  me  vdde  ad  a  karanta 

done  to-day  ?       '   ond-da 
How    do    you    ar-lwe    pornwe   gadol 
range  the  bricksl   kese  aduk  karana- 


in  this  kiln  ? 
I  want  to  build  a 
house 


vd-da 
mama  geyak   goda 
naganta  ona 


ehi  bimu  (pus)  monu 
rt/ika/tru-i/m  ? 

bohomu  wali-moosooyii 
\nay  ookoo   mati    kohen 

luba/i  guththah-tJiU. 
meyu  ithahmutji    kahsh- 

tiiku  bimuyu 
dot//allu  kadai/wi 
mehi   (keteemutu)  piku- 

muk  o/tna  wa^/wi 
uluwu/j^goowukin     gul 

uhuk-kurupun 
gulu    (purwutuyu)    p66- 

pooruwupun 
u^^iwa/irumutu       soo- 

t/ioosoowoo      gul-katu 

siyullumu       pa^^u- 

kutu  dumuDOO 
idu  muf/iiyi 

udi    eku    huma/iruk 
manupun 

pussa/i  pa^^en  ^uwu 
udi  (/^ihuk  (thooru) 
snuinthulah  kurupan 

bimu  bohomu  boorool 
(erenu)  msah  lalluk 
e\ah  ^/mmrt/<pun 

uththiwahrmim  lukdo?/do 

kuruntu  bim  muninu 

lunoowuyi    lee    anuyi 

ge?zen 
may  wada//  nthu.  kuruntu 

o/ma-i/m  ? 
may  Tpohrnobway    gudol 

kesay     udook-kurunu- 

yvah-t/m  ? 
mumu      geyuk      godu- 

nuguntu  ohnsk 


1 


116 


English. 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


When    will     you 

bring    me    the 

estimate  ? 
Your    estimate    is 

too  high 
You    are    wasting 

lime 
Let  the  doors  and 

windows  be  well 

fitted 

The  plastering  of 
the  wall  must  be! 
done  neatly 

White  ants  will  at- 
tack the  timber ; 
tar  it 

These  tiles  are  not 
good 

If  a  heavy  shower 
of  rain  falls, 
many  of  the  tiles 
will  be  destroyed 

Thatch  the  roof 

Is     the     thatch 

ready  ? 
Fasten  it  firmly 

Tar  the  floor 

Put  cement  over  it 


Lay    large    stones 

across 
Bring  the  chain 


vdda  takseru  ganan 

lekanaya    kavadd 

genennehi-da 
umbe  takseriiva  bo- 

homa  vddiyi 
umba   himu  apate 

arinavd 
kavulu-doraval  hari- 

ydkdra     hettuvena 

lesa      piliituvanta 

salasvdpan 
bittiye    baddma   ka- 

dima  lesa  (or  yasa 

ruvata)  gdnta  ona 
veyo  ll  kdvi ;  evdye 

tera  gdpan 

me  idu  honda  ndhd 

tada     vdhivaldvak 

vdssot,   ulu  boho- 

mayak     ndtivl 

yanavd  dta 
vahala  (or  piyassa) 

sevili  karapan 
Seville    piduru    (or 

atu)  Idsti-da 
tadalesa    savi-kara- 

pan 

bima  tera  gdpan 
Ipita    sem.enti-badd- 

ma    damdpan    (or 

gdpan) 
loku   gal    harahata 

tabdpan 
damvdla  genen 


Pronunciation. 


wadu  th^iksayroo  gu7?un 
]a?/kunuyu  knwuf/iah 
genen-nehi-thu  9 

oomhay    ^uksa^roowu 
bohomu  wadiyi 

oombu  hoo?200  m^iithay 
urinuwa/i 

kuwooZoo-^Aoruwul  hiiri- 
yahkahvu.  hayththob- 
wenu  lesu  pihitoo- 
wuntu  suluswaApun 

hiththiyay  hiithahmu 
kui/iimulesu  (yusu 
roowutu)  ga/mtu  o/ma 

wayyoh  lee  ka/twi ;  ay- 
^xahyay  thayru  gaApun 

may  ooZoo  honiAu  nalia 

thuthvL  -   wahiwula/iwuk- 

wasso^    oo/oo    boho- 

muyuk  na^iwee  yunu- 

vva/i  a^u 
wuhulu  (piyussu)  sewili 

kurupun 
sewillaz/  pitAooroo  (u^oo) 

\asthi-thu  ? 
thnthu    lesu    suwi-kuru 

pun 
bimu  thayru  gaApun 
eepitu   semen  ^i-bufAa 7i- 

mu    (/iuma/ipun   {gah- 

pun 
lokoo  gul  huruhutu  ^u- 

baApun 
tAumwalu  gewen 


116 


Planting.     {Vdvili-karman    ya  ydnayi.) 

English.  Sinhalese  (romanized).  i  Pronunciation, 


How  many  coolies 
ave  you  ? 

How  many  of  them 
are  women  and 
children  ? 

Are     they     good 
workers  ? 

If  yuu  work  for 
me,  you  must  be 
diligent,  orderly, 
and  obedient 


Call  in  the  coolies 

Muster  them  near 
the  bungalow 

On  account  of  the 
rain  you  have 
done  only  half 
a  day's  work 

Take  all  the  tools 

Go  to  the  hill 

Each  man  must 
dig  forty  holes  a 
day 

Do  not  pull  up  the 

plants 
Mark     the     place 

where  you  must 

dig 
Trample  the  earth 

down 


ufiiba     langa     kiiliA 

kdrayo     kldenek 

dtit-da 
ovungen     kl-denek 

gdnu-da     kldenek 

lamayo-da 
ovhu     hohda     vdda 

karuvo-da 
umbala  mdlanga  vd- 

da-karanavdnam, 

kadisara-ka  min-da 

klkaru.-kamin-da 

pilivel-dtuva  lidsi- 

renta  ona 
kullkdrayanta     an- 

dagahapan 
hangaldva    kittuva 

oviin  perettukara- 

vdpdn 
vdssa     Jiisd    davas 

bdgayaka       vdda 

pamanak   umhald 

kammutu-kara 

tibet 
dvuda      siyallama 

aragan 
kanda    udata  pala- 

yan 
eka  eka  minihd  da- 

vasakata      valaval 

hatalihak   hdranta 

ond 
pdla  iiguld  damanta 

epd 
umha   hdranta  ond 

tana     halakunu 

karapan 
pas  pdga  damdpan 


o  mbu  lungu  koolee-ka/i- 
ruyo/i  keef/ienek  siti^ 

owoons^en     kee-t/tenek 
g^noo-t/iu  kee-i/ienek 
lunuyo/i-f/m  ? 

owhoo    hon(/m    wadu- 
kurc6wo/i-i/(U  ? 

oombulfl/i      vaalilmiggVi 
wadu-kurunuwa/mum, 
kudisuru-kumin-iM 
keekuroo  -kumiu  -  th  u 
piZiwel-a^oowu    hasi- 
rentu  o/ma 

koolee-ka/iruyu  itu  un- 
duguhupun 

bu»r/gula/iwu  kittoowu 
owoon  perettookiiru- 
wa/jpun 

wassu  nisa/i  i/juwas  hali- 
guyuku  wadu  pumu- 
?iuk  oombulaA  kum- 
moo^oo-kuru   tMhetJi 

a/iwoof/m  siyuUiimu  uru- 

gun    ^ 
kun^/m  oodiitu  puluyun 

eku  eku  miniha/i  i/iuwu- 
siikutu  wuZuwul  hu^- 
uZihuk  ha/iruntu  oAna 

paZu  oogoolaA  t^umuntu 

epa/i 
oombu     ha/iruntu     o/ma 

^anu      huluk6o??oo- 

kurupun 
pus  ])ahgah  fAuma/ipun 


117 


English. 


Go  and  fetch  the 
plants  from  the 
nursery 

Take  up  the  plants 
with  the  earth 


Sinhalese  (romanized). 


tavdnayata     gos 
"  I  aran  varen 


pdl&ti 
uguld) 


pas  samaga 
uputd  (or 
ganin 


Pronunciation. 


^uwaAnuyutu  gos  pa^ati 
urun  wuren 

pus  sumugii  pa^ati  oopoo- 
iah  (oogoola^)  guiiin 


Changing  Money.      {Salli  mdrukinma  gdnayi.) 


Where   can    I   get 
money  changed? 

Where  is  the 
bank  (a  money- 
changer) ? 

I     want     change 
for  a  five-pound 
note 

Will  you  give  me 
Ceylon  money? 

What  is  the 
exchange  on 
English  money? 


Will  you  changi 
me  a  sovereign? 

Will  you  cash  this 
cheque  for  me  ? 

Please  give  me  gold 
and  silver,  not 
paper  money 


A  bill  of  exchange 

[sight 
It    is    payable    at 
Give      me      the 
amount  in  rupees 


mata    salli    mdru- 

karaganta  puluvan 

kohe-da 
hdnkuva     {salli 

III  dr  Ilka  rannek) 

kohe-da 
pavund  pahe  kada- 

ddsiyak  (ndttuvak) 

mdrukaraganta 

mata  onR 
Laiikdve  kdsi   mata 

denta  hotidayi 
Imgrislkdsivala  nid- 

rnvakopam  ana-da : 

or  Imgrid  kdsi  md- 

ru  kirlme  vattama 

koccara-da 
ratvan     pavtimak 

mata  mdrukara 

denavd-da 


mutu  sulli  mah  ookurii- 

guntu   poo/oowun  ko- 

hay-tlm  ? 
ba?///kdowii      (sulli-ma/t- 

rookurunnek)     kohay- 

th\\J 
puwoond  puha?/    kudu- 

tliah^iyw'k      (noAttoo- 

wuk)       ma/irobkuru- 

guntu  mutu  o/ma 
\wng\Lah\vay  kah^i'i  mutii 

^Aentu  honi'Auyi  ? 
i/j^greesi  kaAsiwulu  vaah- 

roowu  kopumu?iii-f/al  ? 

i/2o^greesi    kaAsi   m«/t- 

roo-kireema?/  wuttiunu 

koccuru-i/iu  ? 
ru^run  puwoomuk  mutu 

ma/irdokuru      i  A  en  u  - 


wah-thu  ? 

m,e    cdk    eka    m a ta\  ma y  c^k  eku  mutu  ma h- 
mdrukaradenavd-da\    rookuru  tiienuv7aJi-thu'^ 


ratran     saha 

kdsi    mata     denta 

hondayi  ;       nottu 

kdsi  (or  kdsi-patra) 

epd 

undiyalak,     mudal- 

huvamdru-patrayak 

[yiituyi 

diituvita      geviya 

rupiyal-salli-valin  e 

m,udala  mata  denu 


ridl  ru^run  suhu  rif/?ee  kah- 
si  mutu  fAentu  hon- 
i/iuyi ;  noAttoo  kaAsi 
(kaAsi-pu^i'u)  epaA 


oondiyuluk,      moo^Aul- 

hoowu-maArob-  pu/A- 

ruyuk  [^ooyi 

iAobtobwitii  gewiyu  yoo- 

roopiyul    sulli-wulin    ay 

moo/Aulii  mutu  fhoiiob 


AlONEY,    WEIGHTS    &    MEASURES. 


Ceylon  Currency. 


COPPER,    i  cent      =  .4^^^  farthiug.  |      1  cent 
NICKEL.    5  cents      =     3^  farthings. 


^f  farthing. 


SILVER. 


10  cents 
25     „ 


=         Ifd. 
4d. 


PAPER.     10  rupees  =        13s.  4d. 
50     „         =    £3  6s.  8d. 


60  cents  ...          =     Bd. 

1  rupee  (100  cents)   =      Is.  4d.* 

100  rupees     =     £G  13s.  4d. 
1,000    „         =    £66  13s.  -id. 


Sinhalese  Money,  v/ith  the  Eng-lish  and  American 
Equivalent  Values.  *. 

Sinhalese.  English.  .•\merican. 

100,000  rupees  (1  lac)     =         £6,666  13     4       ■     =$33,833.33 

1,000       „  =     66  13     4       =        333.33 

=      6  13     4       =  33.33 

=       368 
=      16    8 
=       10 
13 


100  „ 

50  „ 

20  „ 

15  „ 

10  „ 

4  „ 
3       „ 

1  rupee 
50  cents 
25      „ 
10      „ 

5  ,, 


0 

4 

8 

4 

0 

4 

8 

4 

If 

0± 


16.66 

6.66 

4.99 

3.33 

1.06 

1.33 

1.00 

.33 

.16 

.08 

.032 

.016 


English  and  American  Money,  with  the  Sinhalese 
Equivalent  Values. 


English 

American. 

Sinhalese. 

£ 

B. 

d. 

Dollars. 

cents. 

Rupees,    cents 

1,000 

0 

0 

= 

5,000 

0       ... 

= 

15,000     0 

100 

0 

0 

= 

500 

0       ... 

= 

1,500     0 

10 

0 

0 

= 

50 

0       ... 

= 

150     0 

5 

0 

0 

= 

2o 

0       ... 

= 

75     0 

1 

0 

0 

= 

5 

0       ... 

= 

15     0 

10 

0 

:= 

2 

50       ... 

= 

7  50 

5 

0 

= 

1 

25       ... 

= 

3  75 

2 

6 

— 

02       ... 

= 

1  87 

2 

0 

_ 

50       ... 

= 

1  50 

1 

0 

=::, 

•25 

= 

75 

G 

— 

12       ... 

^ 

(apurox.)  37 

3 

= 

6 

— 

18 

2 

— 

4        ... 

= 

12 

1 

= 

2       ... 

= 

6 

oi     ... 

= 

1       ... 

= 

3 

Oi       ... 

= 

— 

= 

„           1 

♦  The  exchange  value  of  the  Knpeo  is  subject  to  slight  fluctuatioiu 


119 

WEIGHTS. 

The  English  system  of  weights  is  now  commonly  used  in 
Ceylon  ;  rdttala  (plural  rcittal)  is  the  name  given  to  a  pound 
(avoirdupois)  in  Sinhalese.  Among  jewellers  a  kalaiida  (plural 
kalan)  is  a  weight  equal  to  about  ^-^  of  an  ounce  (Troy). 

LINEAR    MEASURE. 

1  iikd     ...  ...  =      1  viyata 

7  viijata...  ...  =1  angala  (finger-breadth) 

12  angal  ...  ...  —      1  viyata  (span,  about  9  inches) 

2  riyat  ...  ...  =      1  riyana  (cubit,     „  18  inches) 

4  riyan  ...  ...  =      1  humbaya  (fathom,  6  feet) 

7  riyan  ...  ...  =  1  yata  (about  3|  yards) 

20  yata  (140  cubits)  =  1  ish'a  (     ,,       70  yards) 

SO  isba     ...  ...  —  1  yavuva  {ne&rly  h^  miles) 

4.  gav      ...  ...  =  1  ii/orfi/?irt  (about  13  miles) 

N.B. — The  term  now  in  common  use  for  an  English  mile  is 
hdtiikma  (pron.  hatokmu). 

MEASURE    OF    CAPACITY. 

2  pata    ...  ...  =  1  )nandca  (about  1  gill) 

^Imand...  ...  =  1  ^aiiya  or  ser/rra  (about -^  pint) 

^^-^  7idU  ...  =  1  kunmiya  ovla/ia  {  ,,     1  quart) 

4  or  5  kuruni  ...  =  1  timba  (about  1  gallon) 

10  kuruni  ...  =  1  pala  {     ,,     10  gallons) 

A  pala    ...  ...  =  1  rt/?nma  (nearly  5  bushels) 

These,  when  applied  to  surface  measure,  mean  the  areas  of 
land  which  can  be  sown  with  the  respective  quantities  of  seed 
(especially  paddy). 


POSTAGE. 

The  postal  rates  from  Ceylon  to  the  United  Kingdom  are  as 

follows  : — 

For  Letters,  6  cents  per  ^  oz. 

Postcards,  6  cents. 

Newspapers,  Scents  for  the  first  50 grammes  (If  oz.),  and 
2  cents  per  2  oz.  afterwards. 

P.O.  S.127A 


M-rlberoQgh's  Self-TaUght  Se 


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NORWEGIAN 

EGYPTIAN  (Arabic)  . 

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POLISH 

inONIAN 

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PORTUGUESE 

MNNISM 

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ROUMANIAN 

FRINCH 

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RUSStAN  (Naw  Ed.)  . 

CIAMAN  (N«wEd.)   . 

t/6 

SfRBOOlOAT  (New 

'Ed.) 

€KBfiK  (N4»darii)       » 

V- 

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GUjAHATl  (Naw  Ed.)  . 

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