SIXTH
ANNUAL
REPORT
October Ilth. 1903
#
Natic
>nal Farm Sc
irm School, Bucks Co., P
ihool
a.
PHILADA. NEW YORK.
QiasJ.Oppbiheim&§
T^HE OVERWHELMING
^ response made to the opening of this
store, I20T & I209 Chestnut St.,
is perhaps the best evidence of the recognition
of our established reputation— recognizing the
immeasurable advantages that our manufac-
turing department gives in enabling us to sell
directly to consumer at one profit.
Chestnut and 12th Streets.
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
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The Notional Tarm School,
rARA\ SCHOOL, BUCKS CO., PA.
SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT,
October iitn, 1903.
Officers of National Farm SchooL
Prksidhnt, JOSEPH KRAUSKOPF, 122 W. Manheim St., Germantown.
Vick-President, morris A. KAUFMANN.
Treasurer, FRANK H. BACHMAN.
Secretary, HARRY FELIX, 25S Zeralda St., Germantown, Philad'a.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
Sidney Aloe,
Frank H. Bachman,
Hart Blumenthal,
Adolph Eichholz, Esq.
Simon Friedberger,
Adolph Grant,
Morris A. Kaufmann,
Alfred M. Klein,
Joseph Krauskopf,
Howard A. Loeb,
Joseph Loeb,
Isaac H. Silverman,
Jos. N. Snellenburg,
Benj. F. Teller,
Harry Tutelman.
Committee on Admission,
Adolph Eichholz, Esq., Chairman,
Benj. F. Teller,
Alfred M. Klein.
Committee on Education.
Joseph Loeb, Chairman,
Morris A. Kaufmann,
Dr. Joseph Krauskopf.
Committee on Ways and Means*
Isaac H. Silverman, Chairman,
Frank H. Bachman,
Sidney' Aloe.
Committee on Supplies.
Hart Blumenthal, Chairman,
Joseph N. Snellenburg,
Simon Friedberger.
Committee on Building and
Repairs.
Adolph Grant, Chairman,
Howard A, Loeb,
Harry' Tutelman.
Executive Committee.
Adolph Eichholz, Esq., Chairman,
Alfred M. Klein,
Isaac H. Silverman,
Hart Blumenthal,
Adolph Grant,
Dr. Joseph Krauskopf, President,
Morris A. Kaufmann, Vice-Presid't.
Ladies* Auxiliary Board.
Mrs. Simon Bloch,
Mrs. Ralph Blum,
Mrs. Hart Blumenthal,
Mrs. Sol Blumenthal,
Mrs. Adolph Eichholz,
Mrs. Martha Fleischer,
Mrs. Adolph Grant,
Mrs. Henry Jonas,
Mrs. Morris Kaufmann,
Mrs. Joseph Krauskopf,
Mrs. Isaac Leopold,
Mrs Joseph Loeb,
Mrs. Isaac Silverman,
Mrs. Nathan Snellenburg,
Mrs Sam'l Snellenburg,
Mrs. Julius Sondheim.
Faculty of 1903,
JOSEPH KRAUSKOPF, D. D., President.
JOHN HOSEA WASHBURN, Ph. D. (Gottingen),
Director and Professor of Agricultural Chemistry.
LUCIUS J. SHEPARD, B. Sc. (Main Agricultural College),
Professor of Agriculture, Superintendent of Farm.
ISAAC BRADLEE GAGE, A. B. (Tufts College),
Professor of Agricultural Physics and Literature, and Mathematics.
WARREN B. MADISON, B. Sc. (Rhode Island College j,
Professor of Horticulture, Superintendent of the Grounds.
W. G. BENNER, V, S.,
Professor of Veterinary Science and Farm Hj-giene.
Mrs. JOHN R. HISTAND,
Director of Domestic Work, and Matron.
GEORGE HOOPS,
Assistant in Agriculture.
JOHN R. HISTAND,
Stenographer, and Superintendent of Repairs.
-^ISTU DEINTS.
Name.
1
Age.
Years
Residence.
Place of Birth. ,
Occupation at Time of
Admission.
SENIOR CLASS.
Elmore L,ee
19
Allegheny, Pa. . .
United States . . .
Attending School.
Alexander Monblatt .
19
Chicago, 111
Russia
Attending School.
Bernard Zalinger . .
20
Chicago, 111
United States . . . '
Stock Boy.
Max Malish
Jacob Taubenhaus . .
21
19
Rosenhayn, N. J.
New York, K. Y. .
Russia . ,
Palestine
Operator in Men's
Shirt Factor},-.
Attending School.
JUNIOR CLASS.
Harrj- Hirsch ....
iS
Chicago, 111
United States . . .
Clerk in Cloth'g House.
Jacob Ratner
18
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Clerk in Cigar Store.
Rudolph Kvsela . . .
iS
Kew York, N. Y. .
United States . . .
Attending School.
Julian Klein
iS
Schuyler, ISTeb. . .
United States . . .
Attending School.
George A. Shaw . . .
19
Eliot, Me
United States . . .
Attending School.
Abraham Freides . .
r"
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Attending School.
Max Morris
iS
Chicago, 111
Hungarj'
Attending School.
Da\-id Serber
18
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Attending School.
Jacob Xorvick ....
20
Baltimore, Md. . .
Russia
Cigar Making.
SOPHOMORE CLASS.
Bemhafd Ostrolenk .
16
Gloversville, N. Y.
Poland
Attending School.
Emanuel Abraham .
16
Baltimore, Md. . .
United States . . .
Attending School.
Philip Krinzman . . .
17
Elizabeth, K. J. . .
Russia
Attending School.
Isadore Weinberg . .
17
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Clerk in Chem. Mfg. Co.
Chas. Horn
17
Philadelphia, Pa. .
United States . . .
Attending School.
Leo. Eisenstein . . .
17
New York, K. Y. .
Russia
Attending School.
David Neustadt . . .
16
New York, N. Y. .
Russia
Millinen,' Business.
Henr5' Ratner ....
19
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Cigar Making.
Joseph Reinitz ....
17
• New York, N. Y. .
United States . . .
Attending School.
William V. Ginzler . .
17
New York, N.Y. .
Hungarj'
Attending School.
Saul Rosenblatt . . .
19
Cape Maj' City, N. J,
Russia
Electrician.
Louis Condor
16
Baltimore, Md. . .
Attending School.
FRESHMEN CLASS.
Louis Rock
16
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Attending School.
Abe PoUowitzky . . .
15
Philadelphia, Pa. .
' Russia . . . . • . . -
Attending School.
David Da^-idson . . .
20
Philadelphia, Pa. .
1 Hungary
Attending School.
Mark Dresden ....
17
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
1
Attending School.
Abe Miller
iS
1 Corsicanna, Texas
Russia
Attending School.
Dave Goldberg ....
15
Chicago, 111
United States . . .
Attending School.
Solomon Feinberg . .
16
New York, N. Y. .
Russia
Attending School.
Victor Anderson . . .
19
Philadelphia, Pa. .
Russia
Attending School.
Calendar 1903—1904.
FIRST QUARTER, Sept. 1 5th, 1903, to January 1st, 1904.
Tuesday, September 22 Rosh Hashanah.
Thursday, October i Yom Kippur.
Tuesday, October 6 Succoth.
Sunday, October 11 . Succoth Pilgrimage & Annual Meeting.
Thursday, November 26 Thanksgiving.
Monday, December 14 Chanukah.
Thursday, December 24 Winter Recess begins.
SECOND QUARTER, January 1st to April 1st, 1904.
Thursday, January 14 Winter Recess ends.
Friday, February 12 Lincoln's Birthday.
Monday, February 22 Washington's Birthday.
THIRD QUARTER, April 1st to July fst, 1904.
Thursday, March 31...-. Pesach.
Friday, May 6 Arbor Day.
Friday, May 20 Shabuoth.
Monday, May 30 Memorial Day.
FOURTH QUARTER, July Jst to September 30th, 1904.
Monday, July 4 Independence Day.
Friday, September 10 Rosh Hashanah Eve.
Special recess for planting and harvesting when the season demands.
Two weeks camping some time in Sept. when the season admits.
COURSE OF STUDY.
The course of study covers a period of four years and is designed to give a
thorough training in practical and scientific agriculture,
jects as they occur in the respective years.
Following are the sub-
FALL TERM.
Algebra, 4*
English, 4
Farm Practice 2
Practical Agriculture, i
Freehand Drawing, . . 2
Military Drill, .... 4
Industrial, 35
Detail, 7
Agricultural Physics, . 4
FALL TERM.
Geometry, 5
Chemistry, 4
Soils and Soil Manage-
ment 4
Botany, .2
Theme Writing i
Elocution, I
Meteorology, .... 2
Military Dr'ill 4
Industrial, 35
Detail 7
FALL TERM.
Trigonometry 2
Analytical Chemistry, . 4
Horticulture, 3
a) Vegetable Garden-
ing.
b) Small Fruit Culture.
Agricultural Mechanics,
Elective, 4
Rhetoric and Literature 3
Elocution, I-
Industrial, 35
*Spanish, Elective . . 4
Details, . 7
FALL TERM.
Agricultural Geology . 3
Veterinary, 3
Horticulture, 4
a) Floriculture.
d) Landscape Gar-
dening.
Agricultural Mechanics,
Elective, 4
Agricultural Literature, 2
Industrial, 35
Spanish, Ellective . . 4
Details 7
First Year,
WINTER TERM.
Algebra, 4
English, 4
Agriculture, 4
Bookkeeping, 2
Freehand Drawing, . . 2
Military Drill 4
Industrial 35
Agricultural Physics, . 4
Detail, 7
Second Year.
WINTER TERM.
Geometry, 3
H3'giene of Farm
Animals, 2
General History, ... 3
Greenhouse Managem't 3
Dairying, 2
Laboratory, 2
Chemistry,
a) Class Work, ... 4
b) Laboratory, ... 2
Military Drill, .... 4
Industrial, 35
Detail, 7
Meteorology 2
Third Year.
WINTER TERM.
Surveying, 4
Stock Feeding, ... i
Agricultural Chemistry 4
19th Century History . 3
Botany, Elective ... 3
Dairj'ing i
Literature, i
Industrial, 35
Detail, 7
Spanish, Elective, ... 4
Fourth Year.
WINTER TERM.
Road Making, .... 3
Horticulture 2
Agricult'l Bacteriology, 2
Agriculture 3
Dairying, 2
Superintendance, , . 35
Details, 7
Agricultural Literature, 2
Geology, Elective ... 2
Spanish, Elective ... 2
SPRING TERM.
Algebra, 4
English, 4
Live Stock, 3
Botany, 2
Military Drill, .... 4
Industrial, 35
Detail, 7
Agricultural Physics, . 4
SPRING TERM.
Solid Geometry, ... 2
Agriculture, 3
Breeds and Breeding, . 2
Physiolog}', 3
Meteorology, i
Chemistry,
a) Class, 4
d) Laboratory, ... 2
Llilitary Drill, .... 4
Industrial, 35
Detail, 7
SPRING TERM.
Levelling and Draining, 3
Geology & Mineralogy 4
Botany, 2
Laboratory, i
Economic Entomology 3
Zoology, Elective ... 3
Industrial, 35
Detail, 7
Spanish, Elective ... 4
SPRING TERM.
Agricultural Economics 4
Horticulture, 2
Field Crops and Farm
Management, .... 2
Botany, 2
Agriculture, 3
Thesis, 5
Superintendance, . . 35
Directing Detail, ... 7
Spanish, Elective ... 3
Fertilizer, Elective . . 3
Agricultural Literature, 3
Some recitations will be held during the entire Summer.
* The figures denote the number of hours per week.
t Spanish is elective only for those students whose average is above 75 per cent.
The course of instructiou is so arranged as to permit a student to give special
attention to lines to which he seems best fitted. The course is designed to teach
the sciences that underlie practical agriculture, together with sufficient English,
mathematics, literature and such other supplementary studies as will sustain both
scientific and practical agriculture, thereby raising the agricultural student to the
intellectual level of the educated. The agricultural instruction is given by means
of lectures, text books, and practical work in the fields, barns and dairy. Starting
with the first year student who has had little if any agricultural training, the
course is so constructed as to build up a systematic agricultural education so that
the graduate will have passed through all of the different branches of farm work,
from the fundamental principles to the most advanced. The instruction in class-
room, supplemented by field work, takes up the improved methods used in the
various operations of farming, such as the use of farm machinery, treatment of
soils, value of fertilizers, management of crops, feeding and caring for stock, dairy
operations (including butter and cheese making), poultry keeping, study of breeds
and breeding, diseases of plants and animals, the study of chemistry in its appli-
cation to agriculture, insects in their relation to farm crops, gardens and fruit trees,
greenhouse and nursery work, vegetable and truck gardening, small fruits and
landscape gardening. Special attention is given to industrial work. Five hours
per day during the school period are devoted to industrials for carrying on field
operations and laboratory work in greenhouses, dairy and chemistry.
During the summer months more time is devoted to industrial work.
Classes in the study of nature will continue through the entire summer. One
or two weeks will be devoted to camp life at some appropriate place.
GENERAL EQUIPMENT.
The farm consists of 122 acres of exceedingly fertile land, all of which is till-
able, making it possible to carry on diversified farming, so essential to the instruc-
tion given in the various subjects considered. The farm also contains several
acres of timber land affording three fine groves. The farm is well stocked with
thoroughbred and grade stock. The buildings for grain, stock and machinery
are ample. Improved tools and implements are in general use. The dairy build-
ing is thoroughly equipped with modern machinery for carrying on dairy opera-
tions. A model horse and dairy barn has been added. On the ground may be
found vegetable and truck gardens, orchards and nursery, these together with the
greenhouses make practical industrial work in horticulture possible throughout
the entire year.
The Farm School lies adjacent to the W. Atlee Burpee celebrated seed farm,
a thoroughl}' equipped establishment conducted on the soundest business principles,
where a dollar is required of every dollar expended. Also our proximity to the
Robert Steele horse farm gives a most valuable opportunity to study with fine
illustrations, the best methods of breeding horses. The managers of these places
allow our students to study their methods of business. Such an object lesson ac-
companying the instruction given at the school, adds greatly to our educational
equipment.
Other neighboring farms are among the best in the State. All are willing to
be helpful in every way possible to assist the worthy young men in the study of
agriculture.
Our entire environment is that of an agricultural people who live on and off
their farms, and whose whole life and example show the profitable and enjoyable
aspect of agricultural pursuits.
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The main building is fitted up with dormitory rooms, class rooms, library,
reception rooms, dining rooms and offices, and is lighted by gas and heated by
steam. The buildings are supplied with spring water. The library contains
several hundred volumes and a reading file of the leading daily papers and agri-
cultural journals. Illustrative material for class room and field work is being
constantly added. '
DISCIPLINE.
The maintenance of good behavior and order in the dormitories and about
the buildings is strictly adhered to. Detail and industrial work must be thoroughly
and carefully done. Students failing to conform to the rules and regulations of
the institution will be immediately dismissed.
All supplies furnished students are merely loaned. These must not be taken
away or disposed of in any way except by consent of the Director.
HOUSE RULES.
No meals served to visitors without special permission.
All visitors to be out of the buildings and off of the grounds at 6 o'clock P. M.
No visitors to be allowed above the first floor except on regular days of inspec-
tion, at regular appointed times, without special permission.
No lady to be taken in the dormitories except on above public days and by
special permission.
No gambling of any sort whatever allowed at National Farm School.
Dancing not allowed in the reception hall except between the hours of from
2 to 5 on recreation days.
Permission to leave the grounds, to use the piano or to practice singing must
be obtained from the governor.
All persons wrestling, shouting, whistling or singing in the school room or
reception room at any time will be reprimanded.
Students will be at the barn or at horticultural department or other places for
work on time, 7 A. M. and i P. M.
The bell will be rung ten minutes before the hour.
Any student leaving work without permission before 12 M. or 5 P. M. will be
reprimanded.
The object of the above rules is to impress students with the importance of
honesty and promptness.
DAILY PROGRAM.
The following is the program for each day except Saturday and Sunday during
the school period:
5.30 A. M., Rising Bell. 4 to 5 P. M., Military Drill and Athletics.
5.45 A. M., Details. 5.00 P. M., Details.
6.30 A. M., Breakfast and Devotion. 6.00 P. M., Supper.
7 A. M. to 12 M., Study and Classes. 7.00 to 9.00 P. M., Study Period.
12.15 P- M., Dinner. 9.45 P. M., Retiring.
1. 00 to 4.00 P. M., Study and Classes.
Seniors and Juniors have industrial work every forenoon and classes in after-
noon. Sophomores and Freshmen have classes in forenoon and industrial work
in afternoon.
Meeting of Farm School Literary Society takes place every Saturday evening
at 7.30.
For further information address the National Farm School, Farm School, Pa.
Regulations Governing the Admission of Students,
1. An applicant for admission must be over i6 years of age. (His mental
and physical development must be such as ensure his being able to pursue the
advanced studies and to perform the industrial work. )
2. He must pass a thorough entrance examination completing the common
branches equivalent to the entrance examination into the High School.
3. An applicant must be in good health. A physician's certificate, accord-
ing to the form prescribed by the Directors, must accompany the application.
Where practicable, a physician will be designated near the residence of the appli-
cant, from whom such certificate ntu^t be obtained.
4. An applicant must be of good moral character and able and willing to
perform hard out-door work. Satisfactory references must accompany the appli-
cation, and wherever practicable, the recommendations must be submitted by the
applicant to be endorsed by the member of the Auxiliary Board representing the
State in which such applicant resides.
5. The number of admissions will be dependent upon the annual income of
the School. Applications will be considered in the order in which they are
received.
6. Pay students will be accepted at a charge of $200 per annum, payable
semi-annually in advance.
It is estimated that the charge of $200 per annum will merely cover the ex-
penses of the student's maintenance.
7. When an applicant shall have been notified that his application has been
favorably acted upon, he must come to Doylestown, Pennsylvania, at his own ex-
pense, and must come provided with seasonable clothing for one year.
The outfit must consist of one blue military cape overcoat, one school suit,
two pairs of working shoes, one pair gum boots, one pair of slippers, three suits
of heavy underwear, three suits of light underwear, one dozen pairs of socks
{}i dozen light, ^ dozen heavy), one half dozen collars, two pairs cuflFs, two
bosom shirts, six working shirts (two winter, four summer), three night shirts, one
dozen handkerchiefs, two pairs of overalls, two blouses, one hair brush and comb,
one tooth brush, one umbrella, three neckties, one hat for Sabbath wear and one
working hat. The articles of clothing will be marked by the institution.
8. The receptacle for a student's personal effects must not exceed in size,
that of an ordinary steamer trunk.
9. Before any student shall be admitted, his parents or guardian must release
all control over him from the time of his entrance until his completion of the four
years' course, or until such prior time as he may, in the discretion of the Board, be
discharged therefrom. Such parents or guardian must also waive all claim for
compensation for services which he may render in or about the school or the farm
thereunto belonging.
This Regulation is made in order to enable the Board to encourage the
student in the pursuit of his studies and to protect him against any possible ill-
advised interference of relatives.
10. Applications should be made at least two months before October ist,
the opening of the school year. Such applications should be sent to the Dean of
the institution, Doylestown, Pa., who will furnish list of examination questions.
Sixth Annual Meeting and Succoth Pilgrimage*
Grounds of the National Farm School,
DoYLESTOWN, Pa., Sunday, October nth, 1903.
The Sixth Annual Meeting and Succoth Pilgrimage of the
National Farm School was participated in by several hundred
members and friends of the Institution.
The meeting was called to order at 11.30 A. M., by the Chair-
man, Mr. Adolph Eichholz.
On motion of Mr. Alfred M. Klein, the minutes of the last
annual meeting having been published, were ordered approved
without reading.
President, Rev. Dr. Krauskopf presented his annual report,
copy of which is herewith appended.
Mr. Adolph Kichholz, Chairman of the Executive Committee,
followed with a statement of the finances of the School, showing
the receipts and disbursements for the year.
An address was made by the Director, Dr. John H. Washburn,
a copy of which appears in this report. Other addresses were made
by Mr. Jacob Gimbel and Professor Gottheil, which addresses are
appended.
On motion the following gentlemen were unanimously elected
to' serve as Managers for three years: Sidney Aloe, Hart Blumen-
thal, Adolph Eichholz, Dr. Krauskopf, Harry Tutelman.
On motion. Rev. Dr. Joseph Krauskopf was unanimously re-
elected President and Mr. Morris A. Kaufman, Vice-President.
President's Annual Message.
To the Board of Directors, Members and Friends of the National Farm School:
On this da}% commemorative of the Jew's original agricultural pursuit in his
native land, and on these grounds, consecrated to the restoration of the Jew to the
noblest, healthiest and most independent of all callings, we are assembled to review
our year's work, to see whether we have drawn by a year's length nearer to our
goal, whether the results attained have warranted the labor and means expended.
It is perhaps only by contrast of the present with the past that material growth
can be best measured. Attainment of the sought for and often seemingly unattain-
able goal is so difficult that efforts from day to day, while helping to the end in
view, are so minute in themselves as to be almost unappreciable. It is with this
thought uppermost in our minds that we have felt inclined to call the attention of
this audience to the growth of the National Farm School during the past seven
years.
Seven years ago to-da}- the first annual meeting was held on these grounds.
At that time the main building, poorly equipped, and a dilapidated barn and farm-
house constituted the property of the National Farm School. To-day ten substan-
tial buildings give evidence of our growth. Twenty cows now pasture on our
grazing ground, where once a solitary animal stood. Ten horses have replaced the
original one. A well-stocked poultry yard and a duck pond, a sheep-fold and pig-
pens give an animated appearance to grounds that once were overrun with noxious
weeds. These broad acres which at that time were largely a wilderness with unkept
walks and wide gaps between the fence-poles now present an appearance of health
and industry. Seven years ago the property value of the National Farm School
was about |20,ooo; to-day the sum of 175,000 is a conservative estimate of its worth,
and fully as much has beeii expended in the running of the school since its open-
ing, in the year 1897.
Seven years ago the faculty of the school consisted of one instructor and a
farmhand. And as to students, six boys ventured upon a new and to them untried
calling. To-day, a faculty of five able men replaces the one, all of whom are
graduates of agricultural colleges, and at their head stands a director, who has
gained wide and useful knowledge as president of the Rhode Island College of
Agriculture and Mechanical Arts for thirteen years, and forty young men pursue
their studies with a consciousness that a life of health and usefulness and success
awaits them after graduation.
Seven years ago to-day the outlook was indeed far from encouraging. Pessi-
mistic observers foretold dire calamities. Nor were there wanting those who, while
not energetically opposing the movement, yet with a passive resistance hindered
even more this step in the right direction. To-day the school has supporters and
friends in all parts of the United States, among them some of our foremost thinkers
and leaders.
This is indeed growth. In the eyes of the caviller and grumbler perhaps not
growth enough, but it may be doubted whether throughout the whole city there is
one institution that has shown such progress in seven years. Institutions, even as
people, must gradually establish their merit. It is not enough that they exist, but
the "raison d'etre" of their being must be apparent and appreciated.
It hardly seems necessary to state that we think the Farm School has demon-
strated its deserts, that the number of friends it has obtained shows that its appeal
for Jewish interests in agricultural pursuits has been heard and has received a
favorable reply in many a quarter.
That the school has not won for itself wider recognition and greater financial
support must be attributed to the fact that it represents a kind of philanthropy that
is not yet generally understood. In the majority of cases charity is still only
remedial. We have not yet reached the goal of true philanthropy — that of the
prevention of the need of charity. The National Farm School from its inception
aimed at this goal. It claimed at the time of its foundation to be the exemplar of
scientific charity, not that it considered that the Farm School was a cure-all, and
that its special methods would make for perfection, but that the school should be
considered a step forward to the desired goal.
It may be asked why, seeing that there are so many different occupations for
our people, should a school be kept to teach a few the art of agriculture. Our
answer is that the immigration problem is a hard, cold fact which presents itself
to-day to us all. The economic conditions of our country altered by the influx of
our poverty-stricken brethren from the inhospitable lands of their birth, render
more and more necessary the turning of some of our people into farmers and bread-
producers. We have all read Secretary Hay's note anent the influx of undesirable
immigrants into this country. In England Major Evans-Gordon has recently
written a work, entitled "The Alien Immigrant." This book purports to consider
all the various aspects of alien immigration into England from all the centres from
which "undesirable" immigrants are said to flow. Of the sixteen chapters of the
book, fifteen avowedly deal with Jewish immigrants. The remaining chapter is
entitled "other aliens," but even of that a good proportion is devoted to the Jews.
"The Hebrew colony," says he, "unlike any other colony in the land, forms a race
apart, as it were." He recounts various and numerous evils for which the Jewish
immigrant, in his opinion, are responsible. England, he claims, is training a
generation of aliens to compete with her own people. "So critical has the position
in the east of London become," says Major Gordon, "in consequence of the Jewish
influx, that an anti-Jewish outbreak in that district is inevitable, and already the
state of feeling between Jew and Gentile gives the police serious anxiety." At the
conclusion of his impeachment of the Jew of London, the author admits that the
arguments he has used are precisely those used against the Jew in Russia and
Roumania. In very plain words he regards the sweat-shop Jew and the petty trader
a menace to every country which he invades.
When such words as these are becoming louder and louder in liberal England
as well as in the United States, it is only the unwise that can afford to ignore them.
It was to combat this eternal cry of "non-producer" that the National Farm
School was started. Once let it be understood that the Jewish immigrant comes
not as a hired sweat-shop hand and as an unproductive participater in the results
of the labor of others, but as an agricultural colonist, as a man anxious to settle
and to be lead by skilled leaders in the cultivation of the soil in the giving of bread
to the nations, once let this be firmly implanted in the minds of our opponents,
and the cry which they have raised against the alien immigrant will fall to the
ground, and we may be sure that the heartiest welcome that can be extended to
any alien will be extended to the Jew. "Turn the Jew from a middleman to a
breadgiver, convert his yardstick to a plow," said to me Count Tolstoi, "and the
world instead of persecuting will honor him."
"The National Farm School," says the Rev. Joseph Leiser in a recent article
published in The Jewish Exponent, "is more than an institution, it is at once a
protest and a mission. It protests against the slander that the Jews are incapable
of farming, and its mission is to rewin the Jew to the soil."
By the side of this last statement it is but just that we should state that there have
been and still are adverse criticisms regarding the school. We have yet to hear
however of any institution that has escaped unscathed from the critical spirit of our
14
times. Some are inimical to the Farm School because of its expensiveness. " It
costs too much to run it " they say. We believe this to be a fault which this school
shares with nearly every institution of learning. This is a school. It maintains a
salaried faculty. It gives to all its pupils an education for which it receives no fees
in return. It supplies all of them at the same time with food, clothes, lodging,
text-books, etc., free of charge. The pupils are young and entirely inexperienced
when they enter the school. Their labor becomes profitable only when they are
about to graduate. The labor of one good farmhand is more valuable than that of
a dozen young beginners in the field of agriculture. The same applies to all schools.
Despite tuition fees and enormous endowments, the University of Pennsylvania
faces an annual deficit of many tens of thousands of dollars. It is not the nature
of educational institutions (barring a few aristocratic private schools) to be self-
supporting or to declare dividends. We have yet to hear of the Philadelphia High
School paying dividends to the taxpayers of Philadelphia, or the West Point
Military School earning money for Uncle Sam.
The National Farm School in spite of its detractors exists and grows because
it meets a want, because, diametrically opposed as it is to present material views
and tendencies, it has supporters in all parts of the country. Its success during
the past seven years is sufficient explanation of its utility.
In our archives we have endorsements from some of the most prominent leaders
and men of thought of the present day. The past year has brought us expressions
from the Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture; the Hon. Oscar Straus,
ex-Minister to Turkey; the Hon. C. C. Harrison, provost of the University of Penn-
sylvania, all of which are commendatory to the work of our school. If during the
past year the endorsements alone of these three men were given, sufficient gain
would have been our portion. But we lay claim to more. We have the signal
success of many of our graduates to chronicle. Two of them are employed to-day
as experts in the Agricultural Department of the United States Government. One
of them is successfully managing the Fresh Air Society, under the auspices of
Professor Felix Adler's Ethical Culture Society. Another one of them, a former
inmate of the Jewish Foster Home of Philadelphia, while earning wages as an agri-
culturist, is taking a special course of studies at the University of California for the
purpose of perfecting himself in the science of entomology, so that some day he
might contribute his mite toward exterminating the insect pest of that State.
Equally good things could be reported of the other graduates if time permitted.
And the school certainly must have a place in the modern social problem when
so distinguished a gentleman a Mr. Edward Lauterbach, of New York, writes as
follows:
"I have always understood that the graduates of the National Farm School
have been very much sought after, and have been very successful. Have you at
present any one whom you could recommend as a proper person to organize a
somewhat similar institution in Massachusetts? I have been asked for information
on this point and naturally turn to you."
And when another gentleman writes us:
"I have concluded, after deliberate and deep thinking, to purchase a farm to
engage one of j-our graduates to manage it. and gradually invite the -dispossessed
from the overcrowded ghettoes to join me, teaching them the science of small
farming; in other words, to organize in this vicinity an auxiliary or a school of
applied farming, on a business basis, for Jewish people, those who intend to benefit
in establishing the school."
Yet, however much satisfied we may feel over the educational growth of our
institution, both through its direct and indirect method, we must admit that oui
material success during the past year has not been as great as heretofore. Beyond
'5
the telephone and heating installation and cellar improvements, all of which work
was done by the students, we have nothing to record outside of the erection of the
post-office station, the waiting-room and windmill, improvements to the dairy,
some donations of books to our library and the gift of a tent for large out-door
assemblages.
Our condition in this respect, however, is not different from almost all institu-
tions under the Federation of Jewish Charities of Philadelphia. It cannot very
well be otherwise. We are, as j'ou know, no longer permitted to make individual
efforts to raise money for improvements. We would, however, suggest a method
of securing larger means of support. Those among you who count yourselves as
friends can materially assist us by interesting yourselves in getting a larger mem-
bership for the Federation, inasmuch as our appropriation will be proportionally
increased in accordance with the money received by the parent society.
We likewise cannot record the usual fair sized increase in membership outside
of our city, on account of the office forced upon our president last year, that of
director general of the Isaac M. Wise Fund. This office has necessitated that he
devote almost all his time for a number of months to the raising of an endowment
for the Hebrew Union College at Cincinnati, and, therefore, the interests of the
National Farm School, for the time being, had to be set aside. Let us hope that
the next year will give a better showing.
An excellent start has already been made by the increase of the State appro-
priation from :j25co to 55000 a year, for two years. The thanks of the Board are
due to Governor Pennj-packer for his helpfulness toward our good work, and we
are also indebted to Messrs. Ralph Blum and Adolph Grant for their efforts in
aiding us to secure this appropiiotion. You will no doubt hear with pleasure that
one of the Flora Schoenfeld Memorial Farms will be in operation when we again
meet here, and probably also another. The purchase of one farm is about com-
pleted, and one of the graduates will be placed in charge of it. It is with pleasure
that we report the donation of a cold storage plant, presented by Mrs. Henry Hey-
man and family, in memory of Henry Heyman, ground for which building will be
broken to-day.
And now there is one other matter to which we desire to call your attention.
It has been stated before that we are not allowed to canvass for donations for the
school. Nor do we desire to do so. We stand to-day, however, in a peculiar posi-
tion. Our dormitory accommodation is entirely inadequate even for our present
number of pupils. To remain as we are now, limited as to pupils, would, we think,
be entirely contrary to the mission of the school. We must grow.
During the past year we have received donations to the amount of I690 to this
urgent need. To build an annex dormitory would cost about ^10,000. Owing to
our lack of accommodations we are compelled to refuse admission to a large number
who would be desirable students. Year after j-ear we are becoming known more
and more. Shall it be said to us: "Thus far and no further?" With every year
there is an increasing desire on the part of younger lads to enter the agricultural
field. Refused admittance into our school, they drift into the congested ghettoes,
swell the army of petty traders, or lay the foundation to physical and mental and
moral degradation in pestilential sweat-shops. Hundreds of Jewish lads are to-day
preparing themselves in filthy slums to become burdens to charity institutions,
inmates of consumption hospitals, of reformatories and infirmaries, who, as pupils
of the National Farm School, might have stored up that knowledge and health
that ultimately would have yielded happiness to them and health to the nation.
Shall men ever be blind to the fact that a dollar spent on the National Farm School
may save hundreds in hospitals, asylums or reformatories ? Shall men forever con-
sider that alone charity that deals with people only after disease and poverty have
i6
come upon them, and not before? Shall men never see that the solution of the
ghetto problem lies not in the increase of charity institutions, but in the scattering
of congested immigrants over the broad and health-restoring acres of God's soil,
and the settling of them in industrial and agricultural colonies under the guidance
of trained leaders? Shall men never see that unless institutions such as this are
fostered and supported, there ma\- before very long not be money enough to build
all the hospitals and orphanages and homes that shall be needed for the widowed
and orphaned and physically and morally diseased ?
Shall men forever be blind to the fact that the ghetto is not only a breeder of
physical, but also of moral diseases, that there those vices and crimes take root
that could never raise their head amid the healthful labor and ennobling environ-
ment of the tiller of the soil ? Shall men never see that the solution of the ghetto
problem lies not only in the redeeming of young lads from debilitating and vitiating
sweat-shop life, but also of young girls? Shall young women continue to be
tempted into vice by the miserable conditions under which they are forced to live
and toil for a pitiable existence, when in dairy, greenhouse, poultry yard, truck
patch, they might earn good wages and not only preserve their own health and
purity, but also clear away the foul stain that has recently besmirched the fair
name of Israel. What need of woman's blighting coming generations by slaving
and starving amid squalor, when by laboring where the sun shines, the birds sing,
and the trees and flowers waft their perfume, she might live in a land overflowing
with milk and honey, and transmit to coming generations inexhaustible storehouses
of physical, moral and spiritual vitality ?
The knowledge that these boys and girls can be saved from the dreary toil of
slum life, that their manhood and womanhood can be developed by contact with
nature, that, imbued with new ideas, they can go forth into the world a living
protest to the slander that the Jew shirks hard labor and is content only with
fattening on the sweat of the laborer's brow, that knowledge should indeed evoke
some responsible chord in our hearts.
Before closing I want to thank all of the donors and benefactors of this insti-
tution, and all well-wishers for our success.
We have endeavored to discharge the sacred responsibility entrusted to us to
the best of our power. We have kept conscientiously in view the needs of our
students and the wishes of our patrons. We have endeavored to deserve the larger
support we need. We beg your active participation in our work. W^e invite your
visits to the school, especially on week-days, when the boys are at work in the
fields, dairy, greenhouses, laboratory, barns, stables, etc. Come and inspect the
harvest of the school's labor. Come and let your heart rejoice that a new generation
is rising, a generation not only of bread-winners, but of bread-producers as well.
And unto Him, from whom all our blessings flow, we turn with hearts of grati-
tude for the favor bestowed upon this humble work of our hand, for the success
vouchsafed to the pioneer graduates of the school, and for all the aid that has come
to us from those men and women who yearn to see Israel return once more to that
noble pursuit that has given to the world kings, prophets, law-givers and bards to
whom the whole civilized world does homage, and that will continue to do so to
the end of time.
DR. JOSEPH KRAUSKOPF.
17
Report of the Executive Committee.
Philadelphia, October ist, 1903.
To the Members of the National Farm School:
The exhaustive report of the President makes it unnecessary for us to present
other than a statement of the receipts and expenditures as follows:
MEMBERSHIP AND GENERAL CASH DONATIONS.
Life Members, % 100 00
Dues, . . 3 368 9S
^General Donations, 3.003 52
Less Solicitor's expenses f. 623 30
" commissions, 538 97
£6,472 50
1,162 27
Net Total, $5,310 23
GENERAL ACCOUNT.
Receipts.
Cash in Bank, October ist, 1902, 11,787 02
" hands of Dean, October ist, 1902 100 00
Interest on Max Schoenfeld Fund, 450 00
Receipts from Post Office, 25 54
5tate aid, ... 3,125 00
Federation of Jewish Charities, 5.829 00
Net receipts from memberships and general cash donations
as above, 5.310 23
Interest on Lewissohn Fund, 147 50
-5ale of farm products, 123 30
$16,897 59
Expenditures for Year Ending October ist, 1903.
-Salaries of Faculty, $4,296 06
Wages, 1,728 52
Salary of Secretary, 600 00
Railroad transportation, 137 27
Fire insurance, 87 12
Building repairs, 4 8 97
"Telephone 53 02
Machinery, 200 04
Machinery repairs, 68 00
Farm expense, 763 24
Students' wearing apparel 900 26
Permanent improvements, 532 17
Furniture and fixtures, 626 32
Light, heat and power, 675 16
Printing, postage and stationery, 6S9 25
School supplies 486 69
Provisions, 1,141 96
Real estate and buildings, 620 24
Tools and impleme«its, 687 44
Live stock 496 90
Cleaning supplies 131 78
15,360 41
Leaving balanse of % 1,537 18
Consisting of
Cash in Bank, $i.437 18
' ' hands of Dean, 100 00
Total Balance, |i.537 18
i8
The preceding account is simply a cash account of receipts and expenditures
during the year, and does not give an adequate idea of our real condition. The
fact is that for a number of years at the close of the books on September 30th, a
large number of bills have been left unpaid. Our condition is the same this year,
the amount due on October ist being about |3,ooo. So that after deducting the
balance of $1,537.18 cash on hand, there remained a deficit of about |i,500.
LEWISSOHN SCHOLARSHIP FUND.
Principal Account.
I St Mortgage on premises 305 South 6th St., Philadelphia, . . $2,700 00
|2,ooo Phila. & Reading General Mortgage 4s at 95^, .... 1,907 5°
Cash, 182 50
$4,790 oc
Income Account.
Interest on $2,000 P. & R. Bonds, $ So 00
" Mortgage, 67 50
$147 50
Report of John H. Washburn, Director.
Ladies and Gentlemen :
It is only after an inspection of the calendar that one can realize-
that a year has passed since the last annual meeting. During this year our activi-
ties at the National Farm School have been so varied and so interesting that we
are fully impressed with the old adage that "Time has wings." Throughout the
past year much has been given to us for our comfort; you have heard of our
appropriation. Telephones have been installed in each building, and a station and
post-office established. Many useful books have been obtained by moneys gener-
ously given for our library. I feel that the money spent for books is bringing us-
something which five years from now will have more value than any money which
we spend for any other necessity. And at the same time valuable opportunity is
afforded to give instruction in how to use books and how to appreciate libraries.
The farm has given a good harvest. There were drawbacks, but as a result of
the whole we should be satisfied. Our cattle have increased; so have our sheep
and horses, thanks to the donator of a most excellent horse just received.
The spirit of the school is certainly more serious and the young men are more
impressed with the fact that the study of agriculture is a study of a business added
to a knowledge of the common scientific facts applied to everyday life. The ex-
panding of this idea is the object of the school. It should be the ambition of a
young man entering the National Farm School to become a farmer; while in every
case the young men state on their application to enter the school that it is their
desire to become a farmer, many of them have no conception whatever of what
the duties of a farmer consist.
During the first year at the school one is taught what farming is, what is.
required of a farmer and what he may hope to attain. It then is not by any
means to be wondered at, that at the end of that period of trial, one should realize
that he is, or he is not, fitted for those duties. I have observed that the object of
19
the agricultural education in the mind of some who have entered the school was
■not alone that they might be efficient farmers for themselves, but rather in the
hope of being able to occupy a position with considerable salary after they
graduate. While in a few instances this may be possible, it certainly should be
understood that the pupils of this school are learning to become farmers ultimately
for themselves and not laborers for others. In so doing one can make money in
proportion to the talents which God has given him and the use which he has made
of those talents at the school. A very efficient test may now be offered to some
graduate by means of the recent acquisition of the Schoenfeld farm, which is
already contracted for, and possession will be given to the trustees within a mouth.
While it is the object of this school to teach as much mathematics, science and
English as is taught in an ordinary High School, and in the application of the
science more than would be given in a High School, even as much as in some
courses in college, still we believe that this is secondary in importance to a knowl-
edge of the practical work. Our pupils need constant practice and most constant
supervision in this practice. It is the most difficult instruction that we have to
give, because a practical knowlege of one thing does not seem to suggest a way of
■doing another, and all schools suffer more or less from too much automatic labor.
It is difficult to get the young man to think at the same time that he is working;
he too often falls into the habits of a machine. For illustration, the work that we
have is divided up among our different pupils, and a man is kept in one line of
work for a month until he becomes somewhat proficient; he is then changed to
another, and he may not be returned to the first duty for a number of months.
It has occurred that when a horse has been away from his stall during a
■number of meals that on his return, perhaps in a heated condition, he has been
placed before several rations of grain that the student in charge of the feeding had
■unthinkingly placed in his manger each feeding time during his absence.
I have seen a young man in our senior class greasing a wheel, put it on wrong
side out and attempt to drive it back with a wrench because it did not fit. Such
things as these discourage us. On the other hand, I have seen freshmen who have
been here less than a year plough very well, cultivate and drive the teams with a
good deal of ability; such things encourage us, and we have many more encour-
agements than discouragements. It is generally the little things about our place
where the boys fail, thinking that they are too unimportant to receive their atten-
tion, and it is just here, when they leave us and take positions, that they will give
dissatisfaction more than in the larger things unless that error can be broken up.
I feel the necessity, during the next year, of fighting the little errors, and the
large ones will take care of themselves. Not all young men are fitted to become
farmers no more than all the young men who enter the medical schools are fitted
to become doctors. We should feel sad, indeed, if the only help we had when
sickness visited our families was such as would come from many of the specimens
•which we all have seen at medical schools. Just so in farming.
Of all those who come to an agricultural school it is not to be expected that
all are fitted for farming; again we have some boys who are fitted for some
branches of farming and not for others. We have a dairy; it becomes necessary
for the boys who work there to handle a boiler and a small engine, but there are
•some who will always let water run into the boiler until it runs out of the safety
valve, and who can never understand that water is not as good as steam to drive
the piston, and if the noise of the steam blowing off of the safety valve is disagree-
able, they see no reason why it should not be wired down so that it will be more
quiet and restful working around such a boiler. The thought that fuel is being
wasted never suggests itself to their minds, nor the function of the safety valve,
and still these same persons, who seem to be entirely unfitted for agricultural
mechanical problems, may do well with the care of animals or the selling of
produce.
We have begun this year a new plan of having recitations and study hours in.
the forenoon and afternoon, two of our classes working on the farm and two have-
study hours and recitations at the same time. In the afternoon the two classes-
that were working in the forenoon have study hour and recitations while those
who were reciting in the forenoon work at practical agriculture. This plan enables
us to have about twenty-five per cent, more study than ever before with no less
practical instruction.
The instruction in gardening has been improved by the introduction in the
Horticulture Department of the individual gardens. Each one is sure of having
all the care of all the common vegetables for several summers, at the same time
he watches them raised on the large and small scale, the larger scale on the farm
and the small scale in his own garden. One interesting feature during the past
year was that the produce of the boys' gardens has been better than that from the
farm. The seniors' and juniors' gardens are very much better than those of the
sophomores and freshmen as a whole, and the difference was due simply to the
difference in the amount of care and cultivation.
The report of the expenses incurred in conducting the institution has already
been given you, and it is often asked me by persons who are interested in the wel-
fare of the school if we cannot sell this produce or that from our farm. I think
most persons do not realize how much we do sell from our farm. First let me say-
that I have never for a moment tried to make money, I have not felt that that was
my object here, but first and last my duty was to make men of these pupils and
to encourage them in education. You all know something about the expense of
laboratories — chemical laboratories require money to conduct them; physical
laboratories are even more expensive than the chemical laboratories, while forms
of bacteriological and physiological laboratories are more expensive still. The
expense to the laboratory of most of our mechanical institutions is $600 per year
per student, the student, of course, paying but a small portion of that expense in
tuition and fees, the rest is made up from the interest of endowment funds given
to the school or else contributed by the State, and I assure you that the farm of an
agricultural school, which is its laboratory, has a similar expense. It is only by-
using machines that boys can be taught to use them, and the wear and tear on
such machines which are used for instruction purposes is infinitely greater than
the wear and tear in regular business. With so many young men we are obliged
to have a larger number of horses and teams that they may learn to drive and to
harness and to maneuvre these teams in the different kinds of work and places.
More than half the number of our horses are used and needed as laboratory
material to teach practical agriculture; the feeding of the same and the price of
the material that they eat and their care should be charged to and considered as a.
part of the cost of instruction. Take the item of the care of the cows. I feel that
the cows are here that the boys may learn to milk them and to care for them, but
the produce which we obtain from them is decreased all of fifty per cent, annually
because they are used as laboratory material, objects of instruction. The milkers-
are changed once a month, and the expense of this care and food should be charged
to instruction rather than farming; while we have raised a few things on our farm
during the year we have supplied them to the very,best market — our own kitchen.
On a farm of this size, 120 acres, a farmer with a half dozen in the family will live
and raise most of the food which they eat and have perhaps |;6ooto $700 cash from
produce sold. Such a return would be considered excellent and such a farmer
well off. The National Farm School occupies the same size farm, our pupils and
instructors make up a family in size fully ten times that of the average farmer.
BARN, SILO AND SHEEP SHED— BOYS AT WORK.
A SQUAD OF MILKERS.
We have consumed in our kitchen 3400 pounds of beef raised on our farm, 373
pounds of mutton — and while we have never used an iota of pork on the tables
for our pupils, yet we have raised and fed to our servants and employees 522 pounds.
Twelve hundred bushels of potatoes were raised, 200 fed to the cattle, 200 sold and
Soo eaten by our family; i6o bushels of wheat were raised, 1000 bushels of corn,
436 bushels of oats, 500 bushels of turnips and 1200 bushels of beets, 6 tons of
millet, 15 tons of corn-fodder, 160 tons of silage, 50 cords of wood cut and used
last winter in the place of coal, 900 pounds of butter have been used, together
with 53,227 pounds of milk or 26,613 quarts, and 400 dozen eggs and 90 chickens
and fowls; 40 head of swine, 20 head of sheep, 4 of young cattle and 100 chickens
have been added to our farm stock, while our horticultural department, having
but a small amount of ground compared with the farm, has done equally well in
proportion to the land cultivated. We have used 75 barrels of apples, 450 quarts
of strawberries, 15 bushels of peas, many dozen radishes, 350 heads of lettuce,
400 heads of cabbage, 95 of cauliflower, 250 dozen sweet corn, 12 bushels of onions,
3S bushels of beets, 35 bushels of beans, 3 bushels of carrots, 15 bushels of turnips,
25 bushels of tomatoes, 10 bushels of sweet potatoes, 3 bushels of peppers, 100
summer squash, much parsley, several barrels of cabbage for sour kraut and
several barrels of apples for apple butter. The wholesale market price of these
products would amount to over $3600, and when people say why don't you sell
something from your farm, it is too long a story to explain why we don't, and I
generally answer because we have so many mouths at home. With all this we
raise quite a good many roses and carnations which are sent to the city and bring
a little income.
I know that many of our students are old enough to appreciate the opportuni-
ties for instruction offered when they can see and learn how to do what we are
doing towards preparing food for the family. In our dairy building this fall we
have canned already 250 quarts of tomatoes, about thirty gallons of sweet corn,
string beans, crab apples, pears and quinces. We have already made several
barrels of apple butter, which is very gratefully received in the winter in our
dining room. All this is of the utmost practical value to those who are living on
a farm. It teaches them to raise their own food, to utilize what they have. If a
farmer has in the summer, when chickens are cheap, twenty-five or thirty chickens
ready to eat, he can kill them and can them, and it is no expense to him to put
them on the cellar shelf. They will wait there until he is ready to take them
without any expense for food, and if the chicken was alive it would be spoiling
soon into an old hen and become tough. All these things teach economy, and
these goods when properly canned are far superior to any article that we have ever
been able to buy. These problems are as important in the family economy as
those of how to reap and to sow, to plough and to mow, to feed and to breed.
We are indulging in the hope that we may look forward to the time in the
near future when we can enjoy a new dormitory for our pupils. To-day we have
not the facilities which we ought to have. Our light for study is simply atrocious.
There is not room enough for the different pupils to study, but with the facilities
which a new dormitory would bring we can then have the different classes in their
own study rooms and much comfort would be added to our home life, and the
work of the institution increase materially in efficiency.
Prof. Richard Gottheirs Address*
I feel that in the movement into which I have thrown so much of my time,
lies to a great degree, the salvation of the Jewish people. The Farm School is
striving for many of tne things for which the Zionists are striving. It was founded
in the same year in which the first Zionist Congress was held at Basle. The pre-
ventive phase of charity rather than the remedial is the Zionist point of view. At
the meeting of the Alien Immigration Committee in London, Dr. Herzl made the
point that it was quite useless to remedy the ill effects of immigration so long as
no attempt was made to stop the causes of that immigration.
Jews are unfortunately always compelled to justify themselves. First, to
themselves, and then to the world at large. It has been charged that we are not
an agricultural people. It has been charged so often that we have almost got to
believe it ourselves. If this charge were uprooted the Farm School would have
far more support. The whole polity of ancient Jewry was agricultural. At the
first moment they have an opportunity to till the soil they avail themselves of it.
There are over one million Jewish agriculturists in Southern Russia. When agri-
cultural colonies were started in Palestine, many students threw down their books
and took up agriculture.
A few weeks ago I returned from Basle, where our sixth annual congress had
been held. Many hard things have been said of the Zionists. The chief thing is
that we are idealists: looking forward to the future from the standpoint of one
riding on the clouds. Our program remains where it stood before. We are
Palestinians first and last. We believe the ultimate goal of Jewish history will be
that goal. A great nation has made an ofi'er to the Jews of a tract of country in
East Africa. East Africa is no more Zion than the United States or England. All
the sentiment which pushes us toward Palestine is wanting in this offer, but given
the conditions existing in Eastern Europe, the great centres of Western Europe
and this country, many felt that Zionists had no right to refuse this offer, and we
have sent a commission to study the conditions of the land and see whether such
a settlement could be made a success.
Never in the history of the Jewish people has such an offer been made. The
document is unique in our annals. Papal bulls, edicts of exclusion, edicts of sup-
pression have been the letters of the past. Now the British nation says that any
measure looking to the betterment of the Jews must be of importance. It says
to the Jewish people: "If conditions in Great Britain compel us to partially close
down to you, we feel it our duty to open another door."
To students of the Farm School it is important to know that whether the
Zionists take up the work or some other Jewish body, there is opened up a vista,
comforting and inspiring. You may, perhaps, be able to make your advantages
useful to those we have left behind in the Old World. Therefore, I think that this
new turn in our affairs should give you an added zeal in this work of regeneration,
which may offer a home to those hundreds of thousands who still sit in the
darkness.
Such schools as these should receive the heartiest support from the Jewish
people. It is a work not simply remedial, but preventive. If we all work to-
gether for the regeneration of the Jewish people, toward finding a home for those
who have no home, we shall feel the inspiration that comes from the knowledge
that we are working for a great aim and toward a great future.
23
Mr, Jacob Gimbers Address.
In most instances the labor of farmers is greater than their success. We hear
of captains of industry; why do we not hear of captains of agriculture? The
opportunities are present. Eight hundred millions of acres of land lie untilled.
Ten millions of people are engaged in farming, yet we know of none who have
attained eminence in this domain. It has been said of Jews that they are not
adapted to farming. Our ancestors were tillers of the soil and shepherds, and the
early history of the Jewish people teaches that this charge is not true. I have
learned of the tendency of foreign Jews to flock together in already congested and
over-crowded districts. I love to think of some means to divert these Jews from
their miserable condition to the broad acres of farm land. One of the most im-
portant influences to this end is the National Farm School. If our graduates can
show themselves as leaders in agricultural work, they may do much to attract the
Jews of cities toward farming occupation. How insignificant does the expense of
running such an institution become when this result is considered. I hail with
much delight the influence growing out of this school. As regards the connection
of the institution with the Federation of Charities, as one of its constituent socie-
ties, the Farm School's usefulness could be enlarged if more funds were available.
The grounds and the organization are here, but it takes mone}' to conduct the /
institution. The reason that no larger sum is appropriated is because we must cut j
our garment according to our cloth.
24
COMMENCEMENT DAY.
Farm School Graduates — Its Third Class.
JUNE 26th, 1903.
The special train which left the Reading Terminal at 12.30
o'clock carried several hundred friends of the National Farm School
to the beautiful grounds of the institution at Doylestown, despite
the threatening aspect of the weather in the early part of the day.
The occasion was the graduation of the third class to enter the
school, and the visitors, as they stepped from the train, were greeted
by the forty odd students in their natty uniforms, who lined each
side of the road leading to the main building, and presented arms.
The exercises were held in a large tent, which had been erected
near the m.ain school building, and which was gaily adorned with
the American colors. A large orchestra, furnished by Harr\^ Herz-
berg, played appropriate selections. On the platform were ex-United
States Minister to Turkey, Oscar S. Straus, Provost C. C. Harrison,
Rev. Dr. Krauskopf, the founder and president of the school;
Rev. Dr. Henry Berkowitz, John Field, Ralph Blum, Alfred M.
Klein, Hart Blumenthal, Adolph Eichholz, Rev. Joseph Leiser, of
Kingston, N. Y. ; Director John H. Washburn, Joseph N. Snellen-
burg, Simon Friedberger, James Branson and Adolph Grant.
After an invocation by Rev. Dr. Berkowitz, Rev. Dr. Krauskopf
delivered the introductory address.
DR. KRAUSKOPPS ADDRESS.
In the name of the Board of Trustees of the National Farm
School, I extend a most hearty welcome to you, honored guests,
who have come to us at a great personal sacrifice to participate in
our graduation exercises, to you, ladies and gentlemen, who have
set aside your usual vocation to assist us in bidding God-speed to
the six young men who this day enter upon the battlefield of life.
The fact that so many of you are assembled here this afternoon,
despite the lateness of the season, the distance from the city, and
the expenditure of time involved, is the best evidence of your
ZADOK M. EISNER CHEMICAL LABORATORY.
POULTRY HOUSES AND BROODER
25
interest in agriculture, more especially in the return of the Jew to
his original pursuit as tiller of the soil.
Large and gratifying as is this assemblage, there is, neverthe-
less, one person whose absence I greatly regret. It is the Russian
Ambassador to the United States, Count Cassini. It was he who
declared to the Associated Press of our land that the Jew's aversion
to agriculture is the cause of the world's hatred of him. Had he
been here and had he seen these broad acres, all cultivated by the
hands of Jews, and for the main part by the hands of lads either
born in Russia or of Russian descent ; had he listened to the reports
by non-Jewish instructors of the school of the zeal with which these
young men devote themselves here to the study of practical and
scientific agriculture, and of the success that attends the^ labors of
those who graduated during the past two years ; had he been made
acquainted with the large waiting list of Jewish lads seeking admis-
sion to our agricultural school and denied entrance by reason of lack
of dormitory accommodations and means for maintenance — he
would never again speak of the Jew as he has spoken nor wrong
him as he has done.
Let us hope that he will at least read what will be said here
to-day, and that he will acquaint his government with what is here
demonstrated. Perhaps Russia may then learn that it is easier and
more humane and more profitable to extend to her citizens of Jewish
faith the privilege to cultivate the soil than mercilessly huddling
them within the overcrowded cities and restricted area, and forcing
them to eke out a miserable existence in the pursuit of the lowest
trades, or brutally driving them as refugees and exiles to foreign
shores.
And even if he should suspect that we of the Jewish faith are
biased in our judgment of the Jew's interest and success in agricul-
ture, it is fortunate that we have presented to us to-day a document
from an impartial source and from one of the most competent
authorities in the land, the Honorable James Wilson, Secretary of
Agriculture at Washington. We had counted on his being with us
and so had he hoped to be our guest for the third time since the
existence of our school, but circumstances have arisen over which
he had no control, circumstances that require his official presence
elsewhere, and so, much to our regret, we shall not be favored to-
day wnth the sight of his majestic presence nor with the sound of
his encouraging words. But he has sent us a letter which, while it
is but a meagre substitute for his presence, nevertheless displays
most admirably the interest he takes in our institution and the hope
he cherishes for its future. Let us hear him speak for himself:
26
June iSth, 19:3.
Dr. Joseph Kratiskopf, President, and the Governhig Board cf the National Farm
School, Philadelphia, Pa.
Gentlemen: — I rejoice with you that you have successfully reached your
third graduation exercises, under circumstances of such promise for the future.
You have done admirable work in the past. It is a matter of great satisfaction to
myself, as well as every other Arnerican citizen who is familiar with the facts, that
the Jewish people have organized an agricultural school designed to give instruc-
tion in the science and practice of agriculture, so as to prepare scholars along this
line for the education of the young men of your own race, and all other races, in
the near future.
I do not know of any effort being made along this line where such admirable
results have been reached in so short a time. I am entirely familiar with all your
work and all its details, and approve of it most heartily. It must result in great
good to your people, to the State of Pennsylvania, and to the Union in general.
A movement to bring back your people to close contact to the soil has great
promise for the future, not only to them, but to all American people. No man is
well informed regarding agriculture who does not read the history of the Patriarchs,
who were excellent fiockmasters and thoroughly understood agriculture, as many
people do not understand it to-day. The whole Bible story is-full of valuable sug-
gestions regarding the atmosphere, the soil, the plants and the animals; and no
fact along these lines mentioned in the Bible has ever been contraverted by science.
Your people have always been a masterful race along financial lines, and I look
now for help from them along the lines of agricultural education, because Ameri-
cans generally do not understand these matters sufficiently. The future of the
country depends more upon a knowledge of scientific agriculture by those who
cultivate the soil than on any other one material factor.
There are fine openings for educated men along these lines. The old world
is coming to us. A young man not long ago left our Department to go to Southern
Africa to help their people organize scientific agriculture. The Egyptian Govern-
ment is represented here now by its Secretarj- of Agriculture, and wants men
educated along these lines. The agricultural colleges and experiment stations of
the country require men better educated in this direction than many who now
hold positions. The young men in the employment of the Department of Agri-
culture who have been educated at Doylestown are doing good work, and getting
post-graduate instruction toward greater usefulness. We hope, as occasion re-
quires, we may be able to avail ourselves of the young gentlemen you are edu-
cating, in addition to those we now have. I would be with you on this occasion
were it not that previous engagements compel me to go in other directions.
Hoping that you will have a pleasant exercise, that the hearts of your people
will be turned toward your work and be manifested in generous assistance to do
this great work, I remain, very cordially,
(Signed) JAMES WILSON,
Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
Perhaps it is just as well that the Secretary of Agriculture is
not with us to-day. We might possibly have suffered from an
embarrassment of riches. It might have been too much for so
small and so poor a school as ours to have had with us at one and
the same time a Cabinet Minister and a statesman of international
reputation, the Hon. Oscar S. Straus, of New York.
If one of the two had to be absent it is well that we are privi-
leged to have Mv. Straus with us at the present time, for he is one
of our people, and one of the foremost Israelites in the United
States. He knows of the enthusiasm which our fathers of yore
were devoted to the pursuit of agriculture ; he knows of the cruel
laws that for eighteen hundred years excluded the Jew from the
noblest of all callings and forced him to Ghetto life and Ghetto
pursuits ; he knows of the congested Ghettoes that have sprung up
even in our own land ; he knows of the evils they breed, of the
dangers they threaten ; he knows that there is but one solution —
that of spreading the overcrowded and the physically and morally
and mentally debilitated over the broad acres of our land, where
there is health and food and labor in abundance for all ; he knows
that such colonies, to be founded from among the congested popula-
tion of our large cities, to be successful must have scientifically and
practically trained leaders of their own people and faith ; he knows
that these leaders are here fitted for the great mission that is before
them and before us. But why speak for Mr. Straus when he is here
to speak for himself? Ladies and Gentlemen, I take great pleasure
in presenting to you the Hon. Mr. Oscar S. Straus, of New York.
ADDRESS OF HON, OSCAR S. STRAUS.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am here to-day not because I know anything
about farms or farming, either practical or scientific, but because your indomitable,
eloquent, earnest and persistent president will not take a negative for an answer.
He infuses every one with his magnetic spirit, and therefore I am here. My farm-
ing experience ended when I was twelve years of age Before that time I had a
boy's experience in hoeing potatoes and following a plow in the little town where
I was brought up in the piney woods of Georgia. I was asked to say a few words
to-day, and I see those few words now bear the dignified title of a baccalaureate
address. I shall not inflict you with any such stately remarks. For your spiritual
guidance who could take the place of your learned and eloquent president? For
your inspiring encouragement in the profession you have chosen this school is
honored to-day by the presence of the distinguished Secretary of Agriculture, who
unites the wisdom of a philosopher with the interest of a father in the scientific
and agricultural development of this great country of ours with its outlying
possessions.
No vocation in life is entwined with such sacred and hallowed memories as
that of the farmer, because "the people of the book " were an agricultural people,
and some of the most beautiful celebrations that our religion enshrines commem-
orate agricultural festivals, the changing of the seasons, the first fruits and the
harvesting of crops. The ideals of happiness are pictured in the Biblical words:
"Shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree, and none shall make
him afraid." The Pilgrims and Puritans who settled in New England drew their
inspiration from Israel's history in the Bible, and that history made doubtless a
deeper impression upon them because they too were an agricultural people; and
28
because they were an agricultural people and, like Israel, cultivated the soil as
well as their souls, they have left such a precious heritage of sterling manhood to
the generations that followed them.
When medieval persecution began to lash Israel the first eflFect was to drive
her sons and daughters from the soil and to shut them up in narrow pest breeding
Ghettoes, and to put upon them a mark of degradation, that all men might know
that those within were shut out from " life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
When Russia twenty years ago began to intensify her system of oppressing
her Jewish subjects one of the primary objects of her network of laws was to drive
the Jews away from the soil back to the Ghettoes. When their cry of distress
reached civilized Europe a man arose who was led as it were by an unseen hand
to become the great benefactor of his suffering co-religionists. He offered to the
Czar the enormous sum of ten million dollars to found schools, trade and agricul-
tural, for Christian and Jew alike, so that the Russian Jew might have the oppor-
tunity nf scientifically studying agriculture and return to the soil. This great
philanthropist was convinced after careful investigation that the Jews of Russia,
like their ancestors, would crave for the opportunity to return to the soil. This
most generous offer was declined by Russia and the answer was — back to the Pale.
Need I say that this man, whose name and fame his good works have carried to
the four quarters of the world, was Baron de Hirsch? It was my privilege to
know him well, and to have discussed with him his gigantic plans for the relief of
his oppressed co-religionists. The basis of them all was expressed in the phrase —
out from Russia and back to the soil. For this he planned his schemes of coloni-
zation and founded technical and agricultural schools.
It occurred to me that I could not occupy the moments of this occasion with
a subject that would be more befitting than to give you a sketch of this most
commanding figure in the galaxy of philanthropic endeavor of the nineteenth
centurj-.
The century now drawing to a close is marked by great men in every walk of
life; it had its Napoleon, its Wellington, its Humboldt, its Mazzina, its Tennyson,
its Longfellow, its Jefferson, its Lincoln, its Peabody, its Montefiore and its Baron
Hirsch. No one community, sect or country is the heritor of such men— they are
the product of the ages, they are cosmopolitans, as universal as the good they
wrought, and the principles for which they struggled; they belong to the world.
Baron Hirsch cannot be measured by ordinary standards. He was colossal in
his sphere; he was a financier, an organizer, a railroad constructor, a statesman,
a worldly man and a philanthropist. But as the rivulets run into rivers, and the
rivers empty into the ocean, so did all these qualities culminate in equipping him
with the resources, power and capacity to become the leader of the most gigantic
exodus that has been witnessed since the days of Moses. His enterprises in con-
structing those arteries of civilization, the railroads, through benighted lands,
through Russia, Roumania and Turkey, brought him in close relations not only
with Czar and Sultan, with ^Ministers and diplomats, but also with the humblest
hewers of wood and drawers of water, the men who plied the shovel and wielded
the pick-ax in digging the roadbed for his iron horses.
With the accession of the late Czar there came a reaction devised with the
finesse of the nineteenth century, but outstripping in its diabolical purposes the
barbarity of the Middle Ages. The inspirer of this ungodly crusade against five
millions of peaceful, unoffending and loj-al subjects is the Chief Procurator of the
Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church. When asked how those infamous
"May Laws," that embody his policy, would effect results in ridding Russia of five
million Jews, he is reputed to have answered: " One-third will be driven to exile,
one-third will be forced to conversion, and one-third will die of hunger."
29
This was in iSSi and 1SS2, and the enforcement of these laws has been accom-
panied by pillage, burning, massacres and death. Baron Hirsch was then fifty years
•of age, engrossed in his many affairs. He stopped, to the surprise of every one,
in his mid-career; he marshaled his resources, and turned the powers of his active
brain and the tireless forces of his energies to the problem how to reclaim his
suffering co-relionists from humiliation worse than slavery, from starvation and
destruction. His first move was to offer, through this same chief of the Holy
Synod of the Czar, fifty million francs for education in Russia without distinction
of creed or race, hoping the dissemination of education, mechanical and mental,
^vould in the end induce a better condition from the lowest to the highest. But,
no — Russian autocracy was framing laws to limit, not to extend, the advantages
of schooling, and rejected the munificent offer unless Baron Hinsch would remove
his conditions and permit the expenditure to be made as the Czar and his Ministers
saw fit. Baron de Hirsch was too well acquainted with Russian officials to part
with his money to line the pockets and adorn the palaces of the persecuting Rus-
sian Ministers of State.
Until this time it may, perhaps, be said that Baron de Hirsch in his friendships
and associations was more Christian than Jew. Creed lines had no significance for
him. He was already well known for his generosity and philanthropy, and he
"had contributed liberally in many directions and for many causes. The misery,
and not the race nor the religion of the Russian Jews, attached Baron de Hirsch
to their cause and summoned him, as by a voice of God, to assume the colossal
task of devising plans and to pour out his treasures with endless munificence in
colonizing them in other lands. He had for years given annually large sums to
■maintain schools, trade schools, hospitals and asylums throughout the Oriental
countries. He had maintained hospitals and given large sums of money for relief
during the Russo-Turkisb War, and sent one million of franks to the Empress of
Russia for charitable purposes. He had begun negotiations for a foundation,
which was enlarged to some twenty-five million franks, for educational institutions
in Galicia, which maintained forty institutions, wherein nine thousand pupils,
without distinction of creed, are being instructed. He had hoped that his son,
who doubtless would have, if he had been spared, would make it the profession of
his life to carry forward and perfect his projected works of benevolence and phi-
lanthropy. The loss of his promising son was a severe blow to him, and probably
bad the effect to enlarge and extend his benefactions. On one occasion, when it
was stated that Baron de Hirsch had lost his son and heir, he replied: " My son I
have lost, but not m}' heir; humanity is my heir."
Following an interview, partly true and partly not, circulation was given to a
rumor that he advocated that the Jews of Russia should abandon their faith and
become Christians. He sent a reply to some gentlemen in England correcting
this report, wherein he said he had hoped he had given too many proofs of his
devotion to Judaism and to the Jews to be suspected of hostility to a people he
had defended with so much spirit and resources. Profoundly afflicted at seeing so
many of his co-religionists reduced to misery by reason of religious or racial
hatred, he desired simply and plainly to tell the an ti Semites that persecution
intensified religious sentiments and defeated the very objects they sought to
attain. He added: "Remove every barrier, admit your Jewish compatriots to
every right and the advantages of social life, and there will be more chances for
effecting the infusion which they appear desirous of bringing about."
In perfecting and carrying forward his plan of relief Baron de Hirsch, cosmo-
politan as he was, speaking half a dozen languages with readiness, and on terms
of intimacy with some of the leading rulers and statesmen of Europe, applied all
jhis powers and opportunities to this end. I have ever believed that his social
3<>
relations with princes and statesmen, philosophers and literary men, in many
instances were cultivated as influential channels to further his philanthropic
plans, just as an Ambassador, singly devoted to his country's welfare, utilizes
social life to advance interests committed to his charge. That such was his
purpose, and not to gratify his personal ambitions, is shown by the absence of
vanity in his nature. No appeals made to him to erect institutions, public build-
ings or monuments to perpetuate his name, ever enticed him to divert his money
from his plans of philanthropy. He was not an ascetic, but rather a Sybarite.
He loved fine horses, equipages and the luxuries of life. Of castles and paintings
he had a rare collection. Whatever he undertook he did on a large scale, whether
as financier, philanthropist, or as an owner of racers. Even his pleasures contri-
buted to philanthropic works. His winnings on the turf and the proceeds from
the sale of his horses, aggregating half a million dollars, he distributed among
the London hospitals.
His constant care was not to overcrowd the lands to which his army emigrated —
he did more than all laws to regulate the exodus and the immigration— to select
men who would apply themselves to handicrafts and principally to agriculture.
He had an abiding faith that the Jews of Russia, if properly directed, would again
become tillers of the earth as their forefathers were in Babylon and Judea. He
never tired of impressing the importance of directing the immigrants in these
channels exclusively, that they should become a part of the sturdy yeomanry of
the countries wherein they settled.
In the prosecution of his plans he searched in every direction for reliable and
responsible agents, men who combined brain with heart, for the work, and
especially not such who clamored for lucrative employment, who stormed his door
and filled his mails with applications. He cared not to what religion or sect such
agents belonged, he wanted them, true men, of capacity, whose hearts throbbed
with philanthropic impulses. His most valued helpmate in all his work, with
whom he counseled and imparted every detail, who read his letters and assisted in
his correspondence, who accompanied him in his travels and shared in every hope
and encouragement, for discouragement he never entertained, was his wife, who
was his faithful and inspiring helpmate. Baroness de Hirsch was a remarkable
woman, kind, gentle, accomplished, and most simple in her tastes. She was a
Lady Bountiful wherever she went, and spent a large part of her separate fortune
in maintaining schools, asylums and hospitals, which she visited personally and
directed with discrimination and judgment. At Constantinople I have known
her day after day to visit the poorer quarters of the city, and they are very poor,
and relieve with her hands misery and poverty among the Mohammedans, Chris-
tians and Jews.
The Baron was instrumental in inducing Hall Caine, the author of "The
Manxman," to visit Russia some few years ago and study the condition of the
peasants and lower classes. Mr. Caine, I am told, made a report to the Baron,
but he was so impressed, or depressed, with the sadness of the conditions he there
found, that he has not as yet been able to write out and publish the result of his
observation.
Mr. Arnold White, who, as an authority on sociology, has had much experi-
ence among the lower classes in London and on the Continent, he sent on a mission
to Russia. He selected Mr. White because of this experience, and in spite of the
fact that he had in his writings shown himself rather prejudiced to his cause. The
Baron wanted light, not sentiment, to guide him in his plans, believing, as he did,
that permanent good is often defeated by the temporary expedients sentiment
interposes. He realized that colonizing was like planting trees -it required time
to bear fruit — his hopes rested upon the children of the emigrants and upon the
31
•generation to come. The forty years in the wilderness might be shortened but
not escaped, until the Promised Land should give its blessings. The work does
not cease with his death; it rests on carefully planned foundations, administered
by agents he chose in the several countries. His idea was that in time the work
■would be self-acting, and as soon as the first stages were past and the first comers
were settled and had reached a certain degree of independence they would attract
others to themselves and lead out more and more of their brethren, so that in
another generation Russia, freed in part from the activity and energy of the Jews,
would either learn to appreciate their economic value, or, like another Spain, meet
her deserved fate and become a helpless victim of her own intolerance.
The Baron never took part in politics in any form. They were not to his taste;
he doubtless recognized, whatever side he took, it would array the other side
against his cause for the relief of the Russian Jews.
Baron de Hirsch is the Napoleon of this great exodus and for every life that
great liberator of the Jews of France had lost in his Russian campaign. Baron de
Hirsch led out two lives, whose children's children will not forget Russia, but will
swell the ranks of the sons of liberty, and in the end will triumph where Napoleon
failed. There is something greater than autocratic power — the power of armies is
great, the power of navies is great, but greater than all these is the aroused indig-
nation of the civilized world. Before the altar of eternal right and justice kings
uiust bend their knee and dynasties molder in the dust.
"For freedom's battle once begun,
Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son,
Though baffled oft is ever won."
In intioducing Dr. John H. Washbnrn, Director of the National
Farm School, Dr. Krauskopf said :
Even though denied the presence of Secretary Wilson, we are
not without an agricultural authority. It is our good fortune to
have with us a gentleman who, like Mr. Wilson, may some day be
■called from the school which he now directs to take a place in the
Cabinet of the United States. I refer to Mr. John H. Washburn,
a graduate of the Massachusetts State School of Agriculture, a
post-graduate of the Brown University, Doctor of Philosophy of the
University of Connecticut, for four years professor of Agricultural
Chemistry at Sterr's x-\gricultural School, Connecticut; for thirteen
years president of the Rhode Island School of Agriculture and
Mechanical Arts, and for the past nine months director of the
National Farm School. I take great pleasure in presenting to you
Dr. John H. Washburn.
ADDRESS OF DIRECTOR WASHBURN,
Dr. John H. Washburn, in his address to the graduates, said:
"My young friends, you are soon to sever your intimate relations with the
institution which has done so much for you during the past four years. You will
go out into the world relying upon your own resources, but you are introduced to
this new environment by the National Farm School. Your letter of introduction
32 .
will be the diploma of this school. The school has honored you by accepting youj
as one of its pupils, by watching over and guiding your development and growth^
and by the instruction given j'ou resulting in this final graduation. This school
stands for one of the highest and noblest problems of mankind. It is to educate
and train in scientific and practical agriculture those persons whom a long line of
social events has deprived of the privilege of owning and tilling land' until the
desire for this fundamental principle of national existence has become dormant in
the hearts of too many. It is to give the opportunity for satisfying the desire of
some to again own land and to produce from Mother Earth the food and material
for raiment lequired for the service of mankind. It is to substitute for those
occupations in our overcrowded centres, which occupations admit only of a mere
existence, and are associated too often with a mental, moral and physical stagna-
tion or degeneration, a life of independence, happiness and lasting usefulness.
A life that will always give opportunity for mental, moral and physical growth to
those who desire it. However, do not entertain the erroneous idea that a life of
independence and happiness is one of idleness, for idleness is slavery. When self-
control ceases so that the higher impulses of our ideals and ambitious no longer
are sufficient incentives for useful occupation, then has mental and moral growth
ceased and we are in the bondage of indolence, the penalty of which is death.
For what is life but growth; when growth ceases death begins. You know that to
be true in the plant; it is the same with our animal bodies, and equally true with
our mental, moral, religious and industrial life. If you are to succeed, if you are
to be worthy of success, indolence must be foreign to your nature, and you must
possess sufficient independence of character and self control to live to those prin-
ciples which have been taught to you each week by our distinguished president.
All life is the result of work; nothing can be acquired or produced except as a
result of labor. We value things in proportion to the labor required for their
production. Those things which cause us the most anxiety and labor we value
the most. The highest pleasure is the gratification felt that our endeavor has been-,
productive of the desired results. Clearly, then, your future is to be one of activity.
Your career during the stay with us has been such that we believe you capable of
enviable success in the calling you have so wisely chosen. There are but few
callings in life unable to afford opportunity to every one for an exercise of their
best powers. I know .of none that offers a wider scope to the intellectual and
business tatents than agriculture. The scientific training of the mind, together
with the adaptability for applied science, is as necessary for the agriculturists as is
mathematics to the engineer. The National Farm School has taught you that
scientific agriculture is merely another term for common sense agriculture. It is
not in any sense of the word book farming. It is merely the practice of methods
which have given the best results with the largest number of thinking and observ-
ing farmers whose practice has been in accord with scientific truths. Your useful-
ness will now begin. If you constantly study and observe, beginning your work
with a couviction that your yresent knowledge is very limited, and with a desire
to learn more as fast as possible, you will grow and probably succeed. Should'
you, however, possess that unfortunate idea that you are now educated and that
the few facts you have learned have already fitted you for life, you are entirely-
unfitted, and it is just as sad as it is true that your degeneration has already begun.
However, we believe that you are all too wise for such an error, and that you will
constantly try to grow and become an honor to your alma mater, and that those
persons who have so wisely and generously contributed to the support of this
school may realize beyond a doubt that the hope of its founder is already realized
in you. Not light, indeed, is the responsibility which rests upon you. It is our
sincere wish that each of you may realize and accept this responsibility as your
READY FOR AFTERNOON WORK.
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GREEN HOUSES.
33
own, and that you may know that your reputation is our reputation, that your
success is our success, that upon your results depend the education of many young
men in the future. We also believe that you are prepared to do much to elevate
and make simpler the life of farmers here within the State of Pennsylvania,
teaching by precept the very methods which you have been taught here, the value
of which can be seen when the results of this farm is compared with those whose
farming you have been taught to avoid. Your life will constantly be the result of
choice, namely: the choice of methods, the choice of companionship, the choice
of action. It is the earnest wish of your faculty that you may be guided by an
all wise Providence in making such choice as is lasting in the formation of a noble
character. No matter how well you may succeed in business, unless your success
is associated with a growth of character you will have failed indeed.
DR. KRAUSKOPF INTRODUCES PROVOST HARRISON.
In introducing C. C. Harrison, Provost of the University of
Pennsylvania, Dr. Krauskopf said:
Providence is indeed kind to us by winning for us the interest
of some of the foremost people of our land. We have been favored
upon these grounds with the presence and participation of two
Cabinet Ministers, a Senator and a Congressman of the National
Capital, a Governor and an Adjutant General, a number of legis-
lators of our State, a Mayor of Philadelphia, and a number of his
chief executives, a number of judges of our courts and a number
of editors of our foremost papers, a number of presidents of agri-
cultural colleges, but until this day we have never had the honor
of welcoming upon our grounds the head of one of the greatest
institutions of learning in the United States, Mr. C. C. Harrison,
Provost of the University of Pennsylvania.
To me the presence of Provost Harrison is fraught with signifi-
cant meaning. He, who has guided the destiny of thousands of
young men, has probably realized better than any of us that there
is danger to a land that suffers from overeducation, from overcrowd-
ing of the professions. Mr. Harrison, in watching the careers of
youiig men, has undoubtedly recognized that society is in need of
both brain and brawn, and that while we have need of the profes-
sional class we must not neglect those callings that give us our
bread to eat, our raiment to put on, that build our homes and
schools, that drive our locomotives across the lands and our ships
across the seas, our tillers, our mechanics, our artisans who constitute
the motive power of the great wheelwork of our civilization. It is
the recognition of this fact that entitles Mr. Harrison pre-eminently
to award to the graduates their well earned certificates, and so I take
great pleasure in presenting to the graduates of 1903 the Provost of
the University of Pennsylvania, Mr. C. C. Harrison.
34
PROVOST HARRISON AWARDS DIPLOMAS.
Mr. Harrison, in his address, emphasized the fact that the great
progress which had been made during the past fifty years in chem-
istry and other sciences had also been observable in the line of
scientific agriculture. He cited a number of instances of what had
been achieved by the application of scientific principles to agricul-
ture, notably in increasing the yield of wheat and in the successful
cultivation of the beet root. He asked the graduates to keep up
their scientific studies.
PRIZES AWARDED.
John Field delivered a short address to the graduates, in which
he exhorted them to remain faithful to their alma mater and keep
up their studies. Dr. Washburn then distributed the prizes. The
prizes were taken from a fund composed of the following general
prizes: Floriculture prize of $25, gift of Louis Loeb; gardening
prize of $25, gift of Dr. Krauskopf ; agricultural prize of $25, gift
of Ralph Blum ; prize in dairying of $10, gift of Samuel D. Lit.
J. Rattner received a prize of I15 for the best general work.
First agricultural prize of $12 was awarded to Myer Goldman;
second prize of $8 divided between Harry Sadler and Jacob Nouri ;
third prize of $5 to George A. Shaw. First prize in horticulture
and floriculture of $12 awarded to Moses Levy; second prize of $8
divided between George Borovik and Jacob Taubenhaus; third prize
of $5 to Rudolph Keyseller. First gardening prize of $6 awarded
to Aaron Margoulies; second prize of $4 to Moses Levy.
The exercises concluded with a benediction by Rev. Joseph
Leiser, of Kingston, N. Y.
THE GRADUATES.
The graduates and their residences are as follows: George
S. Borovik, Chicago; Myer Goldman, Alliance, N. J. ; Louis A.
Hirshowitz, Philadelphia ; Moses Levy, Pittsburg ; x\aron Margou-
lies, Jaffa, Palestine; Harry Sadler, Philadelphia. All of the gradu-
ates have secured situations. One will go to Shenley Park, Pitts-
burg, as a landscape gardener; another will be employed as a
nurseryman in this city; one will be a manager in the Illinois
Floriculture Establishment; one will be connected with an agricul-
tural institution in Massachusetts; one will be an assistant manager
of a tobacco plantation in Havana, and the last will have charge of
Felix Adler's Fresh Air Vacation School in the Catskill Mountains.
35
Prior to the departure for Doylestown, Ralph Blum gave a
luncheon at the Bellevue in honor of Oscar S. Straus and his
daughter, Miss Aline Straus. Those present were Adolph Grant,
Joseph N. Snellenburg and Mrs. Snellenburg, Adolph Eichholz,
Hart Blumenthal and Felix N. Gerson.
A FEW LETTERS.
Rev. Dr. Krauskopf received many letters of appreciation and
encouragement , from which we select a few.
FROM JACOB H. SCHIFF.
Dear Sir: — I have your valued communication of the 23d inst., inviting me
to be present at the third graduation of the National Farm School, which will take
place to-morrow afternoon.
I had promised myself the pleasure to come to your graduation exercises this
year, but since they are to be held on Friday afternoon, this will not be possible,
for I make it a rule not to absent m3'self from home on Friday evenings, which
has always formed the main part of our weekly Sabbath celebration in our family
circle.
I am glad to know that the National Farm School, to the building up of which
you have personally devoted so much energy, is prospering and fulfilling its pur-
pose, and wishing its management every further success, I am.
Yours very truly,
JACOB H. SCHIFF.
FROM JACOB GIMBEL.
3'Iy Dear Doctor: — I have your kind invitation to the commencement exercises
of the National Farm School set for to- day and which I had planned to witness —
at this writing I find it is impossible for me to be present.
Some little study of the matter leads me to the conclusion that agriculture
bids a solution to at least part of the problem of bettering the condition of the Jews
in the congested dis-tricts of large cities.
The reports of the several Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Societies certainly prove
the ability of the Jew to become, under conditions but half way favorable, an
eflScient agriculturist; and that which the National Farm School stands for I follow
with much interest, and I particularlj' regret that I cannot be with you to-day.
I am, very sincerely yours,
JACOB GIMBFL.
FROM CONGRESSMAN GOLDFOGLE.
My Dear and Reverend Sir: — Your very kind invitation to attend the gradu-
ation of the National Farm School has been just received on my return to the city,
and I exceedingly regret my inability to attend, owing to an important engage-
ment made before your letter reached me.
The purpose of your school to fit Jewish young men for agricultural pursuits,
and train them to become founders of successful agricultural colonies is deservi^ig
36
of high commendation, and the institution existing under your excellent manage-
ment should receive every encouragement at the hands of our co-religionists.
Give the immigrant Jevr the opportunity — furnish him the requisite education —
shovr him the way through such practical means as you and your associates in the
National Farm School have adopted, and with that innate and often eager desire
he possesses to be helpful and progressive and a breadwinner for himself and his
family, he will prove himself well fitted for and. will intelligently enter upon agri-
cultural pursuits and through this, one of the great problems as the support and
maintainance of the increasing tide of immigration to our shores, will be solved.
Just such an exhibit as I naturally assume the commencement exercises of your
school will make, will serve greatly to give an emphatic denial to the unfounded
charge that the Jew will not follow agriculture for a living even if afforded the
opportunity. Rejoice that we have in your school a fine exemplification of facts
making the denial clear, and that in you we find an earnest advocate and hard
worker to prepare our Jewish youth — more particularly the immigrant for helpful
farming industry and healthful country life.
With my best wishes for the success of the school, and renewed regrets that
I cannot be present at the interesting commencement exercises, I am.
Sincerely, your friend,
HENRY M. GOLDFOGLE, M. C.
FROM HON. SIMON WOLF.
My Dear Doctor: — Your letter requesting me to be present on Friday at the
National Farm School is at hand. Were it within the reach of possibility for me
to be there, I certainly would come; but the amount of labor that I have had to
perform recently warns me that I must not attempt to do any more at present.
I am living in the country and trying to regain by rest what I have lost by work.
My feelings for the school and for you personally are well known, and, as you say,
I was a friend of the school in its inception and have been throughout. I still
think as I did then, that you have done splendid work and contributed vastly, not
only in the direction of great services to the general community, but especially in
breaking down the walls of prejudice on the part of the non-Jews. At this special
moment confronting as we do great problems that concern the Jew, I think the
object lesson afforded at the National Farm School is conducive to the development
of a more correct judgment on the part of one and all, and at the same time con-
tributes to the personal welfare of the graduates, who become missionaries in a
field that up to the present has not produced much benefit for our people.
I sincerely hope and trust that your exercises will be of a high character, as I
am sure they will considering the gentlemen who are to speak, and again assuring
you of my sincere and heartfelt sympathy, and regretting that I cannot voice it in
person, I am,
Ever your sincere friend,
SIMON WOLF.
IDA M. BLOCK MEMORIAL CHAPEL.
GRAFTING IN THE KRAUSKOPF MEMORIAL GREENHOUSE
In Memorg of
MICHAEL BASH.
SADIE BASH.
ABRAHAM GOLDSMITH.
JOHN J. HAGEDORN.
JACOB HECHT.
KATIE HEILBRONNER.
HERMAN JONAS.
ISAAC W. KAHN.
CHAS. KAUFMAN.
MATILDA KAUFMAN.
L. S. LANGFIELD.
SAMUEL N. LEVI.
MRS. SOPHIA MEYER.
A. A. SOLOMON.
MRS. LEVI STERN.
MRS. LINA STERN.
FRANCIS R. TELLER.
CARRIE WOLF.
38
Memorial Buildings*
I. Theresa Loeb Memorial Green House, in memory of Theresa L,oeb, Ogontz,
Pa., by her family.
II. Ida M. Block Memorial Chapel, in memory of Ida M. Block, Kansas City,
Mo., by her husband and family.
III. Zadok Eisner Memorial Laboratory, in memory of Zadok Eisner, Philadel-
phia, Pa., by his wife.
IV. Rose Krauskopf Memorial Green House, in memory of Rose Krauskopf,
Philadelphia, Pa., by her children.
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
ALABAMA.
Birmingham.
Birmingham Lodge No. i68,
I. O. B. B I5.00
Cabeen Bros 5.00
Congregation Emanu El . . 5.00
Demopolis.
Marengo Lodge No. 283, 1. O.
B. B 10.00
Mobile.
Council of Jewish Women of
Mobile 5 00
Eichold, Emanuel 5.00
Montgomery.
Kahn, M 5.00
Loeb, Jacques 3.00
ARKANSAS.
Little Rock.
Bnai Israel Congregation . . 10.00
Pine Bltiff.
Roth, Louis 5.00
CALIFORNIA.
Sacramento.
Bonnheim, A 10.00
Cohen, Isadore 5.00
Weinstock, Harris 25.00
San Fra7icisco.
Cahan, Mrs. L. 1 5.00
Hirschfelder, Mrs. J. H. . . 5.00
Leffman, Mrs. L. D 5.0Q
Rosenbaum, Mrs. Chas. W. . 5.00
Schwabacher, Louis A. . . . 5.00
CONNECTICUT.
New Haven.
Adler, Max 5.00
Ulman, Jacob 5.00
DELAWARE.
Seaford.
Van Leer, Chas 5.00
Van Leer, Chas 5.00
Wilmington.
Wilmington Lodge No. 470,
I. O. B. B ... I5.00
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Washington.
Blumenfeld, Mrs. M 2.00
Deborah Lodge 5.00
Elijah Lodge No. 50, 1.O.B.B. 5.00
Herman, A S-OO
Saks, Isidore 5.00
Silverman, Master Erie . . . 3.00
Sondheimer, J 5.00
Washington Sabbath School 5.50
Wolf, Hon. Simon 5.00
GEORGIA.
Atlanta.
Hebrew Benevolent Congre-
gation 10.00
Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent
Society . . . , 10.00
Savannah.
Cohen, Jacob i.oo
Joseph Lodge No. 16, 1.O.B.B. 2.00
ILLINOIS.
Chicago.
Binswanger, A 5.00
Despres, Samuel 5.00
Einsenstadt, 1 10.00
Foreman, Oscar G 5.00
Frank, Henrj' L 5-Oo
Gatz, John 5.00
Gatzert, August 5.00
Goldman, Albert 5.00
Greenebaum, Elias 5.00
Greenebaum Sons 5.00
Isaiah Sabbath School . . . 5.00
Kohn, Isaac 5.00
Mandel, Leon . 100.00
Mandel, Simon 5.00
Maxwell. Geo. H 10.00
Nusbaum, Aaron E 5.00
RamahLodgeNo. 33, 1.O.B.B. 10.00
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
39
Rosenwald, M. S
I5.00
Schanfarber, Rev. Tobias . .
5.00
Solomon, Mrs. Hannah G. .
5.00
Steele, H. B
5 00
Stolz, Rev. Dr. Jos
5-00
Bloomi7tgton.
Abraham Lincoln Lodge No.
90, I. 0. B. B
500
Sprjjtgfield.
Ernes Lodge No. 67, I.O.B.B.
5-00
Peoria.
Greenhut, J. B
25.00
Levi, Rev. Chas
5-00
INDIANA.
Angola.
Steifel, Mrs. L. C
Fort Wayne.
Friedberger, Leopold . . .
Gosh €71.
Salinger, Nathan
Hartford City.
Weiler, Mrs. Amy ....
Indianapolis.
Efroymson & Wolf ....
Kahn, Henry
Kahn, Nathan
Kirschbaum, R
Levy, Percival
Newberger, Louis ....
Rauh, Henry
Rauh, Sam E
Sommers, Chas. B
Strauss, L
Weiler, Mr. and Mrs. Abe .
Wineman, Jos
La Fayette.
Jewish Ladies' Aid Society
La Gonier.
Strauss, Ike i .
Lebano7i.
Adler, Phil
Petersberg .
Frank, Sol
Porllajid.
Weiler, Morris
Terra Haute.
Gan Eden Lodge No. no,
I. O. B. B
Herz, A
IDAHO.
Boise City.
Ladies' Judith Montefiore
Lodge
IOWA.
Davenport.
Rothchild, D. " . . . . .
L)es Moijies.
Des Moines Lodge No. 330,
I. O. B. B
5.00
5.00
5-00
10.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
5 00
10.00
5.00
25.00
5.00
2.00
25.00
5- 00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5-00
10.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
5-00
Oskaloosa.
Baldauf, Samuel |io.oo
Sioux City.
Council of Jewish Women . 5.00
KANSAS.
Leavemvorth .
Flesher, B 20.00
KENTUCKY.
Henderson.
Baldauf, Morris 10.00
Lexington.
Lexington Lodge No. 289,
L O. B. B 5.00
Louisville.
Bernheim, B 5.00
Bernheim, B 25.00
Bernheim, J. W 5.C0
Bernheim, J. W 25.00
Kohn, Aaron 5.00
Sachs, Marcus 5.00
Sachs, Edward -. 5.00
Maysville.
Mertz, Eugene 5.00
Mertz, Millard 5.00
Paducah.
Harmony Lodge No. 149,
I. O. B. B 5-00
Shelby ville.
Jewish Library Society . . . 5.00
LOUISIANA.
New Orleans.
Council of Jewish Women . 25.00
Kohn, Joseph 5.00
Lazarus, Levy & Co. .... 5.00
Newman, Isidore 10.00
Newman, Isidore,
Dormitory Wing 100.00
Rayville.
Titche, Chas S-oo
MAINE.
Lewisto7i.
Pride of Maine Lodge No. 202,
O. B. A .5-00
MARYLAND.
Baltimore.
Adler, Chas 5-00
Bamberger, Elkin 5.00
Benedict, Benj 5.00
Drey, Elkin 5-00
Epstein, Jacob 5.00
Frank, Dr. S. L 10.00
Goldenberg, Mrs. M 5.00
Gottshalk, Jos 10.00
Gutmacher, Rev. A 5.00
Guttman, Mrs. Joel 5-oo
Hamburger, Ph 10.00
Lobe, H. J 5-00
Levy, Julius 10.00
40
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
Levy, Wm $10.00
Raynor, Albert 5.00
Raynor, Isidore 5 00
Sinsheimer, L 5.00
Sonueborn, Henry 5.00
Sonneborn, Henry 25.00
Sonneborn, Sig. B 5.00
Strouse, Mrs. Hennie .... 5.00
Strouse, Leopold 5.00
Ulman, Nathan 5.00
Ulman, A. J 5.00
Frostburg .
Wineland, Max 10.00
Wineland, Max 25.00
MASSACHUSETTS.
Boston.
Hecht, Jacob 25.00
Hecht, Mrs. Lina F 500.00
Kaffenberg, J 5.00
Koshland, J 5.00
Morse, Godfrey 5.00
Ratchesky, A. C 5.00
Shuman, Samuel 5.00
Ziegel, L 5.00
Dorchester.
Wolfson, Mrs. L. ..... . i.oo
Wolfson, Miss R i.oo
MICHIGAN.
Detroit.
Montefiore Lodge, I. O. F. S.
of 1 5.00
Weinman, Mrs. L 5.00
Kalniazoo.
Mishan Lodge No. 247,
I. O. B. B 10.00
MINNESOTA.
Minneapolis.
Minneapolis Lodge No. 271,
I. O. B. B 15.00
Minneapolis City Lodge
No. 63, O. B. A 5.00
MISSISSIPPI.
Columbus.
Joachim Lodge No. 181,
I. O. B. B 2.00
Greenville.
Jewish Women's League , . 5.00
Jackson.
Manassah Lodge No. 202,
I. O. B. B 3.00
Myles.
Tausig, Joseph 3.00
Natchez.
Frank, Henry 5.00
MISSOURI.
Kansas City.
Benjamin, Alfred , '. , . . . 5.00
Berkowitz, Mamie 5.00
Bernheimer, G., Bros. & Co. $5.00
Bloch, Edward 5.00
Bloch, Sol 25.00
GriflF, F. W 5.00
Hyman, A 5.00
King David Lodge No. 86,
0. B. A 5.00
Mayer, Rabbi Harry N. . . . 5.00
Meyer, L 5.00
Rothenberg & Schloss . . , 10.00
Shane, M 5.00
Louisiana.
Michael Bros 3.00
St. Joseph.
Joseph Lodge No. 73, 1.O.B.B. 10.00
Schloss, Moses A i.oo
Westheimer, Ferdinand . . . 25.00
St. Louis.
Eben Ezra Lodge No. 47,
1. O. B. B 10.00
Stix, Wm 10.00
NEBRASKA.
Lincoln.
Mayer Bros 20.00
Omaha.
Fishel, Mr. and Mrs. E. . . . 5.00
Jacobs, M. . 25.00
Nebraska Lodge No. 354,
I. O. B. B 5.00
NEW JERSEY.
Burlington.
Van Rensaleer 100.00
Camden.
Fuhrman, Abraham .... 5.00
Jersey City.
Hudson Lodge No. 295,
I. O. B. B 5-00
Montclair.
Hirsch, Mrs. Samson .... 5.00
Newark.
Fisch, Joseph 5.00
Gluck, Rev. B 15.00
Goetz, Jos 5.00
Lehman, L 5.00
Michael, Chas 5.00
Michael, Oscar 5.00
Plant, Moses 5.00
Scheuer, Selig 5.00
Scheuer. Simon 5.00
Stern, Mrs. C. K 5.00
Strauss, Moses . , 5.00
Paterson.
Fleisher, Nathan 5.00
Holzman, S. L 5.00
Sotnerville.
Mack, Louis C 5.00
Trenton.
Trenton Lodge No. 319,
L O. B. B 5-00
A CLASS ROOM IN THE MAIN BUILDING,
FOOT BALL.
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
41
NEW MEXICO.
Santa Fe.
Seligman, Mrs. Bernard . . f5.cxD
NEW YORK.
Albany.
Brill mau, Mrs. Isaac .... 5.00
Congregation Beth Emeth . 25.00
Laventhal, Mrs. J. ..... 5.00
Lesser, Mrs. \Vm 5.00
Mann, Mrs. Jos 5.00
Waldman, Louis 1 10.00
Brooklyn.
Abraham, A 25.00
Bamberger, L. 1 5.00
Blum, Edw. C 10.00
May, Moses 10.00
Rothschild, S. F 10.00
Buffalo.
Fleishman, Simon . , . . 5.00
Wile, Herman 5.00
Elmira.
Friendly, H 3.00
Ithaca.
Ithaca Lodge No. 165, I. O.S.B. 2.00
Mt. Vernon.
Samuels, Julius 5.00
Samuels, Moritz 5.00
New York City.
Battelle, Mrs. John Gordon . 5.00
Benjamin, M. W 10.00
Benj. Harrison Lodge No. 9,
0. B. x\ 3.00
Bijur, Nathan 10.00
Bloomingdale, Jos. B. ... 10.00
Boehm, Alex 5.00
Browsky, Louis 5.00
Bruecks, \Vm 10.00
Brum, Emil ....... 5.00
Clark, Louis, Jr 5.00
Cohen, A. . . 25.00
Cohen, Isaac 5.00
Dormitzer, Mrs. Henry . . . 10.00
itstricher, Henry 5.00
Friedman, Sol. & Co 10.00
Funk & Wagnalls 5.00
Goodhart, P. J 10.00
Grossman, Rev. Dr. Rudolph 5.00
Guggenheim, Mrs. Daniel.
(New Dormitory Wing) . . 100.00
Hebron Lodge No. 5, I. O.B.B. 5.00
Heine, Arnold B 5.00
Henry Jones Lodge No. 79,
1. O. B. B 2.00
Herman, Mrs. Esther .... 10.00
Herman, Nathan 5.00
Herman, LTriah 5.00
Herzig, Leopold 5.00
Hochstadter, Albert F. . . . 5.00
Holzman & Ascher 10.00
Jonas, Wm. (Herman Jonas
Memorial Alcove) .... 25.00
Joseph, Mrs. Julius. (New
Dormitory Wing, in mem-
ory of her father, A. A.
Solomon) $50.00
Kahn, Louis 5.00
Kleinert, LB 10.00
Kohn, Emil 5.00
Krauskopf, Mrs. Henrietta . 5.00
Krauskopf, Nathan 5.00
Ladenburger, Theodore . . . 10.00
Lauterbach, Edw 25.00
Levy, Morris 5.00
Limeburger, Mrs. Marie S.
(New Dormitory Wing) . . 30.CO
Loeb, Emil 5.00
Loeb, Ferd. L 5.00
Loeb, Mrs Louis (Graduation) 25.00
Loeb, Louis 5.00
Loeb, Maurice 5.00
Loeb, Miss H. K 5.00
Mack, Fred. A 10.00
Mayer, Otto L 10.00
Mayer, Rabbi M. A.
(For a friend) 5.00
Meyer, Arthur 5.00
Modey, 1 3.00
Moses, Rev. Isaac S 5.00
Mt Sinai Lodge No. 270,
I. O. B. B 10.00
Pulaski, M. H 5.00
Rice, S. M 25.00
Rothschild, Jacob 5.00
SchafFner, Abe 5.00
Schiff, Jacob H 100.00
Schoenfeld, Mrs. David . . . 5.00
Scholle, Melville J 5.00
Schwed, Fred. K 5.00
Sidenberg, Henry 5.00
Solomon, A. A., Jr 5.00
Solomon, A. A.. Jr. (New
Dormitory Wing) .... 25.00
Sondheim, Max 5.00
Speyer, James 10.00
Sutro, Lionel 5.00
Sutro, Richard 5.00
Tannenbaum, Leon, Sr. , . . 25.00
Waterbury, John 1 25.00
Weinman, Miss Rita. (Sadie
Bash Memorial Alcove) . . 15.00
Zeckendorf, Louis 5.00
Zion Lodge No. 2, I. O. B. B. 10.00
Zucker Samuel 5.00
Niagara Falls.
Silberberg, Moses L 5.00
Silberberg, M 5.00
Rochester.
Wile, Julius M 10.00
Rondout.
Lebanon Lodge No. 55, I. O.
F. S. of 1 5.00
Syracuse.
Eisner, Henry 5.00
Guttman, Dr. Adolph .... 3.00
Jacobsou, Dr. N 5.00
42
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
Jacobson, Dr. N $5.00
Thalheimer, G 5.00
Tottenville, S. I.
L,evinson, Henry 3.00
OHIO.
Akron.
The Akron Schwesterbund . 5.00
Cincinnati.
Acb, Samuel 5.00
Bettman, Levi 10.00
Bettman, Morris L 5.00
Bing, J. & S 5.00
Block, Abe 5.00
Block, Leon 5.00
Council of Jewish Women . . 25.00
Fletcher, Victor 5.00
Fox, Sol 5.00
Freiberg, Julius 5.00
Freiberg, J. W 5.00
Freiberg, Morris J 5.00
Fries, Gus. R 5.00
Grossman, Rev. Dr. Louis . 5.00
Harris, Geo. W 5.00
Jonas, H 5.00
Levy, Harry M 5.00
Levy, Harry M 5.00
Mack, Mrs. W 5.00
Mayer, Mrs. L 5.00
Moch, Albert 10.00
Mt. Carmel Lodge No. 20,
I. O. B. B 10.00
Ofner, Alex 5.00
Pritz, Benj 10.00
Pritz, Sidney E 5.00
Pritz, Sol. W 5.00
Scheuer, Jacob 5.00
Shohl, Chas 5.00
Weiler, Isaac 5.00
Westheimer, Maurice .... 5.00
Cleveland.
Eiseman, Chas 5.00
Feiss, Paul L 5.00
Greis, Rev. M. J 10.00
Hexter, Kaufman W 2.00
Hexter, Sol. M 5.00
Joseph, Isaac 10.00
Joseph, Sig 5.00
Marks, M. A. 5.00
Mayer, Adolph 10.00
Scheuer, S. A i.oo
Schlesinger & Co., Sig. . . . 5.00
Schvpab, Mrs. M. B 5.00
Columbus.
Lazarus, F. & R 5.00
Lazarus, Fred., Jr 5.00
Lazarus, JeflFrey L 2.00
Lazarus, Robert 2.00
Zion Lodge No. 62, I. O. B. B. 5.00
Dayton.
Daneman, Mrs. Jacob .... i.oo
Grunstein, Isaac ...... i.oo
Greeneville.
Huhn, E 5.00
Piqua.
Anshe Emeth Congregation . $5.00
Toledo.
Ephraim Lodge No. 183,
I. O. B. B 5.00
Youngstown.
Grossman, Rev. J. B 5.00
Hartzell, E. J 5.00
Hirschberg, 5.00.
Ritter, Miss Carrie B 5.00
Strouss, 1 5.00
PENNSYLVANIA.
Allegheny.
Cohen, Mrs. Josiah 5.00
Gallinger, Mrs. N 5.00
Hanauer, Mrs. H 5.00
Jericho Lodge No. 44, I.O.B.B. 10.00
Lazarus, David M 5.00
Rauh, Mrs. Rosalie ..... 5.00
Sunstein, A. J 5.C0
Sunstein, C 5.00
Wertheimer, Samuel .... 10.00
Bethlehem.
Dodson, T. M 5.00
Fetcher, A. B 5.00
Fritz, John 5.00
Lauchenbach, Dr. A 5.00
Harrisburg.
Friedman, Samuel I.oo
Kuhn, Sam'l and Sol. . . . 5.00
Marks, Herman ...... 5.00
Kittantiing.
Einstein, Jacob 5.00
Lancaster.
Moss, S. R 5.00
Rich, Israel A 5.00
McKeesport.
Bachman, Max 5.00
Corn, S. B 5.00
Sunstein, 1 5.00
New Castle.
Feuchtwanger, Marcus . . . 5.00
Philadelphia.
Abbott, George 5.00
Acker, Finley 5.00
Alumni of Keneseth Israel . 5.00
Baird, J. E 10.00
Bash, Mrs. Henrietta .... 5.00
Bash, Mrs. Henrietta .... 10.00
Bash, Julius 5.00
Baum, Samuel 5.00
Bernstein, Mrs. Theresa . . 3.00
Blaylock & Blynn 5.00
Bloch, Bernhard 5.00
Blum, Mrs. Ralph 25.00
Blumenthal, Hart 25.00
Blumenthal, Harold .... 5.00
Bougher, J. R 10.00
Bowers, W. H 5.00
Burpee & Co., Atlee .... 9.00
Butler, Benj. F 5.00
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
43
Clay, Henry I5.00
Davis, Ed. T 10.00
Delaney & Co 5.00
Devlin, Thomas 5.00
Devlin, Waller E 5.00
Dodge, James M 25.00
Feustman, N. Morris .... 5.00
Fishier, Herman lo.oo
Francis Bros. & Jellett . . . 25.00
Friedberger, Simon .... 100.00
Gans, Mrs. Jeanette .... 3.00
Gattman, M 5.00
Gazzam, Jos 5.00
Gelb, W. B 5.00
Goldstein, Mr. and Mrs. Sol. 10.00
Graves, N. Z 5.00
Grieb & Son, J. B 5.00
Hagedorn, Mrs Alice .... 200.00
Hannifen, J. E 5.00
Heebner, Samuel 5.00
Heilbronner, Sidney J. . . . 3.00
Heusell, Colladay & Co. . . 5.00
Herzberg, Mrs. L 5.00
Hill, Robert C 5.00
Hirsch, Mrs. Gabriel .... 10.00
Hofifman, Julius 5.00
Hovey, F. S 5.00
Jeager, A. H 5.00
Jonas, Miss Freda 10.00
Joshua Lodge No. 23, 1. 0.0. B. 10.00
Klein, Leon G 5.00
Klonower, Mrs. O., and
Mrs. Bertha Wolf .... 5.00
Knight, C. C 5.00
Koch, Mrs. I. M 10.00
Levy, Edgar and Newton . . 2.00
Lit, Samuel D 10.00
Lockwood & Co 5.00
Lord Co., G. W 5.00
Mayer, Mrs. J. 1 10.00
McCreary, Geo. D 5.C0
Merz, Mrs. Regina loo.oo
Meyers, Mrs. J., for a friend 2.00
Meyers, Yetta 5.00
Moore & White 5.00
Moss, Dr. W 5.00
Murray & Murray 5.00
Nachod, J 5.00
Nixon, W. H. 10.00
Oppenheimer, M. C 5.00
Oppenheimer, Oscar .... 5.00
Ostheimer, Wm. J 5.00
Paulus & Co., J 5.00
PaxonCo. ,J. W 10.00
Poth & Sons, F. A 10.00
RafF, Raymond A 5.00
Ralph, Wm. T 5.00
Rosenthal, N 5.00
Rubin, Mrs. Joseph 20.00
Schloss, Mrs. Louis 10.00
Schwacke, J. H 5.00
Search, Theo. C. 25.00
Sharp, S. S 10.00
Sichel, Mrs. Jalius 15.00
Silberman, Mrs. Ida .... 10.00
Silberman & Son, M I5.00
Showell, E. B 5.00
Smith & Co., E. B 5.00
Smith, Horace J 5.00
Smythe, E. E 5.00
Snellenburg, Sam'l 100.00
Snellenburg, Sam'l 25.00
Soulas, Charles H 10.00
Soulas, G. A 5.00
Springer, Emanuel 5.00
Starr, Jesse W., Jr., 3d . . . 10.00
Steinhardt, Miss Frances . . 3.00
Stern, Harry L 10.00
Stern, Miss Ida 10.00
Stern, Rose G 5.00
Sycle, Meyer 10.00
Ulman, Miss Hennie .... 5.00
Warburton, Barclay H. . . . 3.00
Webster, H 5.00
Weil, Sam'l 5.00
Weinman, Mrs. Fannie . . . 5.00
Wilson & Richards 5.00
Wilson & P^ogers 10.00
Wolf, Mr. and Mrs. Martin . 40.00
Young, Smyth, Field & Co. . 5.00
Pittsburg.
Aaron, Chas. 1 50.00
Aaron, Chas. 1 5.00
Aaron, Louis J 5.00
Aaron, Louis J 5.00
Aaron, Marcus 5.00
Aaron, Mrs. Mina 5.00
Adler, E. B 5.00
Adler, Herman 5.00
Adler, Louis J 5.00
DeRoy, Joseph 5.00
Dreyfus, C 5.00
Floersheim, Berthold .... 5.00
I^rank, Isaac 5.00
Gross, Isaac 5.00
Guckenlaeimer, Mrs. A. . . . 10.00
Kamm, W^ L ' . . 5.00
Lippman, A 10.00
Oppenheimer, Alfred M. . . 10.00
Oppenheimer, Oscar W. . . 10.00
Raphael, Rudolph 5.00
Rauh, Marcus 5.00
Rauh, A. L 5.00
Rothschild, M. M 5.0Q
Sidenberg, Hugo 25.00
Stadfield, M 5.00
United Hebrew Relief Asso. 100.00
Weil, A. Leo 25.00
Wertheimer, E. M 10.00
Wertheimer, Isaac 10.00
Wolf, Fritz 5.00
Pottsville.
Greenewald, Gabe 5.00
Greenewald, Mrs. Alice . . . 20.00
Solomon, Mrs. Bettie .... 25.00
Solomon, Mrs. Bettie .... 10.00
Union Lodge No. 124, 1.O.B.B. 5.00
Reading.
Oheb Shalom Congregation . 25.00
44
Subscriptions from Oct. 1902 to Sept. 30th, 1903.
Scranton.
Ackerman, J. O IS-OO
Amos Lodge No. 136, 1.O.B.B. 5.00
Krotosky, Isidore 5.00
Oettinger, Louis 5.00
Roos, Dr. Elias G 5.00
Scranton City Lodge No. 47,
I. O. B. A 5.00
Selin's Grove.
Weis, S. . 5.00
Wilkesbarre.
Levy, Leon ....,.,. 5.00
Stern, Harry F 5.00
Strauss, S. 1 5.00
York.
Lehmayer, N 5.00
RHODE ISLAND.
Providence.
Sons of Israel and David
Congregation 10.00
Westerly.
Frankenstein, Ignatz .... 5.00
TENNESSEE.
Memphis.
Harpman, Sol 5.00
Lehman, Felix 2.00
Memphis Lodge No. 35,
I. O. B. B 10.00
Nashville.
Edelman, F 5.00
Loveman, Adolph 5.00
Maimonides Lodge No. 46,
L O. B. B 5.00
TEXAS.
Dallas.
Alexander Kohut Lodge No.
247, O. B. A 5.00
Friend, Alex. M 5.00
Friend. Henry M., Sr. . . . 5.00
Kahn, E. M 25.00
Kahn, J 5.00
Linz & Bro., J 5.00
Myers, Seymour 5.00
Ortlieb, Max 2.50
Sanger Bros 5.00
Sanger, Mrs. Philip .... 100.00
Titche, Ed 5.00
El Paso.
Aaronstein, S i.oo
Ft. Worth.
Levy, Samuel 5.00
Mineola.
Bromberg, J. G 5.00
Sail Afitonio.
Edgar Lodge No. 211, 1. 0.B.B. 5.00
Halflf, M 5.00
HalfiF, S 10.00
Victoria.
Levy & Co., A |io.oo
UTAH.
Salt Lake City.
Meyer, Mrs. Rosa G 15.00
VIRGINIA.
Norfolk.
Hecht, Jacob 5.00
Hirschler, E 5.00
Lowenburg, D 5.00
Seldner, A. B 5.00
Richnioytd.
Asher, Simon 5.00
Binswanger, Harry S. . . . 5.00
Binswanger, Helen 5.00
Galenski, Dr. vS 5.00
Hutzler, Henry S 5.00
Kaufman, 1 5.00
Millheiser, Mrs. Clarence . . 5.00
Millheiser, Emanuel .... 5.00
Millheiser, Mrs. Rosalie . . 10.00
Wallerstein, Henry S. . . . 5.00
Staunton.
Loeb, Julius 5.00
WASHINGTON.
Seattle.
Seattle Lodge No. 342, 1.O.B.B. 10.00
Eckstein, Mrs. Nathan . . . 5.00
WEST VIRGINIA.
Wheeling.
Baer, Henry 5.00
Bloch, Samuel L 5.00
Emsheimer, Joseph 5.00
Hanauer, Philip 5.C0
Horkheimer, Louis 5.00
Levi, Rev. Harry 5.00
Rice, S. M 5.00
Sonneborn, M 5.00
WISCONSIN.
Gillett.
Newald, L. J 25.00
La Crosse.
Strouse, B. L 5.00
Milwaukee.
Cohen, Mrs. Gertrude . . . 5.00
Cohen, Jonas 5.00
Gilead Lodge No. 41, I.O.B.B. 10.00
Isaac Lodge No. 87, I.O.B.B. 5.00
Landauer, Max 10.00
Milwaukee Federated Jewish
Charities 90.00
Schuster, Chas 2.00
Tabor, L. L 5.00
Wisconsin Lodge No. 80,
O. B. A 5.00
45
Memorial Tree Donations.
Donated by In Memory of
Alkus, Isaac Son, Leoii Isaac I25 00
Bachrach, Julius Fanuy and Charles Bachrach 5 00
Bamberger, Mrs. Albertine 50 00
Beck, Mrs. M 10 00
Bernstein, Mrs. G Leou Wiernik 5 00
Cohen, Mrs. Eva Bernard Seligtnan 10 00
Council of Jewish Women (Phila.) Professor Lazarus 5 00
Fisher, H Bertha and Mark Fisher 10 00
Foster, Mrs 3 00
Gimbel, Mrs. S 20 00
Glenn, Mrs. Wm. B 5 00
Greenewald, Mrs. B. F Adam Gimbel 10 00
Harrison, Raphael I Louis R. Harrison 10 00
Heller, Wm Samuel Heller 5 00
Hertz, Mrs. S Mrs. Pauline Hyman . 5 00
Heyman, Mrs. H Henry Heyman 5 00
Hilbronner, The Misses Father, Isaac 5 00
Hirschman, Mrs. Carrie Henry Meyers 5 00
Hoffheimer, Mrs. L 5 00
Hoffman, Julius Care of Tree 2 00
Hope, Nathan 10 00
Horn, Mrs. B, F 15 00
Horn, B. F 5 00
Isaac, Morris 5 00
Jonas, Miss Freda Herman Jonas 25 00
Koester, Mrs. L Norman Koester 5 00
Leopold Isaacs 5 co
Milton S. Lehman . . 5 00
Levy, Mrs. Caroline Mrs. Clara Einstein & Hy. L. Einstein 25 00
Lipschitz, Mrs. M Sarah Estelle Lipschitz 5 00
Loeb, Mrs. Joseph Flora E. Wolf 5 00
Loucheim, Mrs. Sophia Henry J. Loucheim 15 00
Lowenstein, Mrs. Benj Benj. Lowenstein , , . 10 00
Lowy, David G Mrs. Amelia Lowy 5 00
Marks, Isaac Dora Marks 20 00
Massman, Mrs. A. E Rachel Massman 5 00
Myers, Mrs. Pauline Her Husband 5 00
Oppenheimer, Mrs Louis Oppenheimer 10 00
Pulaski, Mrs Her Husband 20 00
Albert Schlachter 5 00
Schwerin, Mrs. E Emanuel Schwerin 5 00
Sessler, Mrs. Chas C. Abendroth 5 00
Weber, Herman Father 5 00
Weider Bros. Franciska Wieder 5 00
Weiler, H Ellen Weiler 10 00
Wurtzman, Bernath 10 00
Donations of Goods.
Mrs. D. WolfsoH, Philadelphia. Lawn Mower and Lantern |i5 co
Gara McGinley & Co., Philadelphia. 50 feet Galvanized Pipe 500
S. H. Smith, Philadelphia. One dozen Baskets . . . . 2 50
American Wringer Co., New York. One Wringer 5 00
Atlee Burpee & Co., Philadelphia. Quantity of Seeds 5000
46
NAMES AND LOCATION OF MEMORIAL TREES.
To find your memorial tree: look on top of chart for letter corresponding to
letter following name of the one for whom your memorial tree is planted. Follow
that letter down its column, until it crosses the section of the number indicated
after the letter.
F III.
F II.
Abendroth, Christian.
Abrahamson, Leopold
Alkus, Leon, g ii.
Arnold, Edwin. G iv.
Asch, Hannah. A XI.
Asch, Mannes. a xi.
Asch, Michael. F i.
Asch, Pauline. F I.
Ash, Fannie. F i.
B
Bamberger, Dollye E. H ii.
Bamberger, Rosa S.
Bash, Michael, c vii.
Bash, Sadie. B Vll.
Bedichimer, Isaac. B viii,
Behal, Isaac. G Vlil.
Beildeck, Aaron. H III.
Beitman, Emelie. H v.
Berkowitz, Joseph, c vllI.
Berman, Bernard. C I.
Bernheimer, Lazarus, c I.
Bernheimer, Samuel, b x.
Bernstein, Edgar, b vii.
Binswanger, Clara. A ix.
Binswanger. Isidor. G ii.
Binswanger, Solomon, a ix.
Bloch, Ida. A IX.
Blum, Jacques, a vii.
Blumenthal, Emanuel. H i.
Blumenthal, Fannie. F i.
Blumenthal, Mrs. Louis. A iv.
Bonnheim, Joseph, b hi.
Branson, Mrs. James. C III.
Buehler, John A. G i.
Buehler, Lena, h i.
Casper, Henry. G Vlll.
Cohen, Isaac. G V.
Cohen, Mrs. Isaac. G V.
Cortissoz, Miriam. B IV.
D
David, Bertha H. G VI.
Davidson, S. K. B viii.
De Costa, Rebecca. D iii.
Disston, Horace. A IX.
Dreifus, Jeanette. H ii.
E
Einstein, Benjamin. A xil,
Einstein, Evelina. A xii.
F
Feldman, A. M. B viii.
Fleisher, Simon, c vii.
Foster, Henrietta. G I.
Foster, May. G i.
Friedman, Emil. E iv.
Frohsin, Lena, h viii.
Fulda, Rosa, a xi.
Fulda, SamueL a x.
Freides, Samuel. B l.
Gimbel, Adam, d iv.
Gimbel, Fridolin. E i.
Gimbel, Selomon. E vii.
Glaser, Lillie. D li.
Goldsmith, Abraham. H i.
Goodman, Caroline. G in.
Goslar, Rosetta. E III.
Grant, Marietta, a v.
Greenbaum, Ethel, c iv.
Greenberg, Ferdinand, b xi.
Greenewald, B. F. D iv.
H
Haac, Hattie. A iv.
Hagedorn, Estelle. c vii.
Harrison, L. R. F i.
Hecht, Samuel. F in.
Heller, Sidney, b vii.
Herman, Emelie. F VI.
Heyman, Benno. E i.
Hexter, Samuel. F iv.
Hilbronner, Mrs. J. H iii.
Hinline, Clara, b xii.
Hirsch, Baroness de. G iv.
Hirsch, Mason, b hi.
Hoffman, Lehman. F v.
Hoffman, Ernest, b ii.
Hoffman, Mrs. Ernest. B II.
Hope, Mrs. B. c viii.
Horn, Fanny, c vill.
Horn, Louis, c viii.
Hutzler, Louis. F i.
I
Isaacs, Isaac. E v.
K
Kahn, Albert. H iv.
Kahn, Benjamin. B X.
Kahn, Charles. B Xll.
Kahn, Henrietta, c il.
Kahn, Isaac, c ii.
Kaufman, Babbetta. F III.
Kaufman, Fannie. H I,
Kaufman, Mathilda, d hi.
Kaufman, Solomon. H i.
Kind, Fannie. E iv.
Kirschbaum, Abraham, c VI.
Kohn, Henry. E vi.
Kohn, Mrs. Henry. D V.
Kohn, Simon, a x.
Kohn, Henry. G viii.
Lang, Henrietta.
Langfeld, Linda.
H V.
G VII.
47
Lazarus, ]Moritz. E IV.
Lehbach, Jacob, e ill.
Lehman, Samuel, .-v xi.
Lesem, Isaac, c I.
Lesem, Mrs. Isaac. B i.
Leopold, Marks, d i.
Leopold, Arthur, e i.
Levi, Hettie. G il.
Levi, S. M. c IV.
Levi, S. N. A IV.
Levy, Emanuel. B iv.
Levy, Moses, b iv.
Lewin, Philip, b vii.
Lewisohn, Leonard, b ix.
Lewisohn, Mrs. Leonard. B ix.
Lewisohn, Samuel, b ix.
Lichten, Aaron, e ii.
Lichten, Mathilda. E il,
Lichten, Simon. E il.
Linz, Francis. E ii.
Lieberman, Emanuel. G Vll.
Lipschitz, S. E. b I.
Loeb, Cora. H iv.
Loeb, Fannie. A iv.
Loeb. Leonard. G iv.
Loeb, Lottie. E i.
Loeb, Moses. G iv.
Loeb, Theresa, c vii.
Lyon, Isaac, b xi.
Loeb, L. F I.
Lyon, Theresa, b hi.
M
MacElRey, Emma. H vill.
Mann, Isaac. G iii.
Marschuetz, Joseph. D V.
Marks, Dora. E iv.
Marks, Jean. F v.
Marks, Joseph. B ix.
Marks, Theresa, b ix.
Marquis, Mrs. A. a hi.
Marquis. Mrs. M. a iv,
Massman, A. E. c viii.
Massman, Henrietta, b viil.
Massman. S. E. b viii.
Mayers, Milton, a xi.
Mckinley, William. G v.
Meyers, Abraham. F vi,
Meyers, Elizabeth. H V.
Meyers, Moses. G i.
Meyers, Sophia, c i.
Meyerhoff, Julia. H iv.
Miller, Mrs. Julia. B xi.
Myers, Meyer. E vi.
Myers, Simon. B xi.
N
Nathan, Simon. F iii.
Naumberg, Rev. L. G I.
Navaratsky, Isidore. F iii,
Nelke, Ferdinand, a xii.
Netter, Simon. B xi.
Newman, Morris. A iv.
Nirdlinger, Caroline. F IV.
Noar, Anna. D i.
Near, Miriam. A v.
Oppenheimer, Mina. b viii.
P
Pfaelzer, Cassie Theobald. E v.
Raff, Mrs. A. L. E vr.
Rayner, Mr. and Mrs.Wm. A Vll
Reinstine, Alex, a xii.
Reinstine, Elsie, a xi.
Rice, vSimon. G ii.
Ridgway, Sarah, b hi.
Rosenberg, Bella, b vii.
Rosenthal, Emma, a X.
Schloss, Aaron, a ix.
Schwarz, Albert. G viii.
Schwarz, Nannie. E vii.
Silverman, Barbara. E III.
Simon, Sansom, a iv.
Simson, Mary, a ix.
Simson, Henry, a X.
Smith, Caroline, b x.
Smith, Carrie, b X.
Smith, Isaac. B IX.
Snellenburg, Isaac. B iv.
Snellenburg, Joseph. B IV.
Starr, Hortense. F i.
Stern, Lena. H HI.
Stern, Leon, b viii.
Stern, Mrs. Jacob, a hi.
Sternberger, Lena. B viii.
T
Techner, Bertha. E vi.
Techner, Heyman. E vi.
Teller, Francis, b vii.
Teller, Joseph. B vii.
Teller, Rebecca. F i.
Thalheimer, Solomon, b xi.
Traugott, Rachel. B iv.
Tuch, Mr. and Mrs. c v.
Tutelman, Samuel. G I.
u
Ullman, David. B xil.
UUman, Charlotte. B xii.
Ulman, Michael. H ii.
w
Weil, Mrs. Carrie. D ll.
Weil, Samuel. A v.
Weiler, Ellen. G iii.
Weiler, Rosa. A X.
Wertheimer, Henrietta, b it,
Wieder, Herman. F ii.
Wise, Dr. Isaac M. E V.
Wittenberg, Philip. B ii.
Wollenberger, Maier. h h.
Wollenberger, Caroline. H ii.
Wolf, Carrie. G vii.
Wolf, Flora, c ii.
Wolf, Wm. G VH.
Wolf, A. S. G IV.
Wurtzman, C. F il.
Wurtzman. E. E II.
48
NAMES AND LOCATION
OF
TREES
PLANTED IN MEMORIAL AVENUE
ARBOR DAY, 1903.
1.
Mrs. C. Weil, Pyrus Mai.
Paulina Ash, Pyrus Com.
Isaiah Weinman, Pyrus Mai.
Chas. Stern, Pyrus Com.
Leon Hoffheimer, Pyrus Mai.
L. Bamberger, Pyrus Com.
II.
B. Seligman, Pyrus Mai.
Daniel Merz, Pyrus Com.
Henry Meyers, Pyrus Mai.
L,. Louchheim, Pyrus Com.
H. Louchheim, Pyrus Mai.
III.
2sorman Koester, Pyrus Com.
H. Lowenburg, Pyrus Mai.
, Pyrus Com.
Herman Jonas, Pyrus Mai.
T. Bacharach, Pyrus Com.
IV.
C. Bacharach, Pyrus Mai.
Henry Hyman, Pyrus Com.
Leopold Isaacs, Pyrus Mai.
Mrs. A. Levy, Pyrus Com.
Rosa S. Bamberger, Pyrus Mai.
V.
Sam'l Weber, Pyrus Com.
I. Hilbronner, Pyrus Mai.
Raphael Teller, Pyrus Com.
Julius Beck, Pyrus Mai.
Ephriam Beck, Pyrus Com.
VI.
L. Oppenheimer, Pyrus Mai.
Edward Kahn, Pyrus Com.
Leon Wiernik, Pyrus Mai.
Emanuel Schwerin, Pyrus Com.
Mark Fisher, Pyrus Mai.
VII.
Bertha Fisher, Pyrus Com.
Manuel Frank, Pyrus Mai.
Rachel Massman, Pyrus Com.
Rev. M. Mielziner, Pyrus Mai.
M. S. Lehman, Pyrus Com.
VIM.
Albert Schlacter, Pyrus Mai.
A. A. Solomon, Pyrus Com.
Jo.s. Myers, Pyrus Mai.
Franciska Wieder, Pyrus Com.
B. Lowenstein, Pyrus Mai.
IX.
Gustave Blum, Pyrus Com.
Clara Einstein, Pyrus Mai.
Henry Einstein, Pyrus Com.
N. Braunstein, Pyrus Mai.
Daniel Frank, Pyrus Com.
X.
J. J. Hagedorn, Pyrus Mai.
Pauline Hyman, Pyrus Com.
Sam'l Heller, Pyrus Mai.
Benedict Hope, Pyrus Com.
Hannah Hirschler, Pyrus Mai.
XI.
Simon Hirschler, Pyrus Com.
Louis Pulaski, Pyrus Mai.
Leon Pulaski, Pyrus Com.
Chas. Kaiser, Pyrus Mai.
Emanuel Nunes, Pyrus Com.
XII.
Michael Hyman, Pyrus Mai.
Mrs. Julia Hyman, Pyrus Com.
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FORM OF LEGACY
TO THE NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL,
FARM SCHOOL, BUCKS CO., PA.
" / give and bequeath 2C7zto the National Farm School^
Farm School., Bucks Co.., Pa.., the sum of. dollars.,
free from all taxes., to be paid to the Treasurer., for the tijuer
beijig., for the use of the institutio7t,\''
FORM OF DEVISE
OF REAL ESTATE OR GROUND RENT.
'■'' I give and devise unto the National Farm School., Farm
School., Bucks Co.., Pa. {here describe the property or ground
rent)., together with the appicrtenances., in fee simple., and all
policies of insicrance covering said premises., whether fire., title
or otherwise., free from all taxes.''''
YOU SHOULD READ IT!
A Rabbi's Impressions
qf the Ober&.mmergau
Passion Play. ^ ^
A handsome edition in Octavo Form, of the entire series of Rabbi
JOSEPH KRAUSKOPF'S DISCOURSES on the above subject.
The subject is one of absorbing interest, abl}- and exhaustively treated, and
the work has a distinct literar}- value.
The numerous demands for these lectures in book form have induced the
publishers to issue the series in one volume, as a finished, complete book, iLnth
an introduction by the author, Rabbi JOSEPH KRAUSKOPF, D. D.
As a piece of book-making, it is all that good paper, good print, good binding
can make it. PRICE $1.25. POSTAGE 10 CENTS.
OSCAR KLONOWER,
1435 EUCLID AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA.
50ME OPINIONS BY JEWI5H AND NON=JEWISH WRITERS.
The Famous Savant and Aulhor of the " History of Universal Literature," Dr
Gustav Karpeles:
Very Esteemed Doctor: — I must confess to you that while perusing, I
myself often found expressed therein the impression the Passion Play made
upon me when I saw it twent}- years ago. I am convinced that your work will
make its way among the reading public, and it is for that reason that I regard a
translation of it into German as exceedingly necessary. We have no work in
German literature which points out the difference between Jew and Christian
from a modern point of view so critically as you do in your book.
Berlin, September ist, icioi.
Frank K. Sanders, Dean of Yale Divinity School :
It was extremely interesting to me to follow it through from jour stand-
point, which was quite sympathetic and yet difTerent from that which many of
my friends had taken. It was most instructive and helpful, and I am very glad
to have had the opportunity of reading it, — New Haven, Conn., Jan. ij, igo2.
Dr. Isaac Funk, of Funk and Wagnalis Co :
In your book I hear the heart-cry wrung from a great people that has
suffered untold wrongs, awful cruelty, and injustice done in the name of Him
whose life and words are to me the sweetest memory of all the past — malice,
cruelty, avarice, superstition, fanaticism — all masquerading under the name of
Jesus, for all these centuries— struck these cruel blows. . . .
Your book is most eloquent in style, very clear, and is to me the most
interesting from coyer to cover.
Permit me to thank you for having written your \iod)s..—Jnly 2^, igoi.
gO-CTs. THE GLEANER. one year .
The National Farm School Students are its Publishers and Editors. The Nationa?
Farm School is helping to solve the Jewish Problem. You will serve a noble purpose and
keep yourself informed about this Institution through the medium of
Published every month during the school year. — — — — -
-That's all. Send 50 cents and know the rest.
Addresss "THE GLEANER," care of Farm School, Bucks Co., Pa.
^wwwwwwww
This Shield is
IUU/f//////////y
y
on the Box y
"I
y
All Mantles are not Welsbachs.
See that the Mantle you buy has
the Shield of Quality on the box.
There's not enough difference
in price to justify you buying
imitations.
The present reduced prices of
Genuine Welsbach Mantles are:
15c. formerly 20c.
20c. formerly 25c.
25c. formerly 30c.
30c. formerly 35c.
35c. formerly 50c.
I
A All Dealers .
I
v/////// /nil nil
I
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\v
All Dealers.
Superb Oriental Rugs
^1 VE have solved the problem of low prices for Oriental Rugs by
\XJ sending our buyer direct to first hands — through the interior
of Persia, Turkey and the Trans-Caucasus, visiting many
places where an Americen rug-buyer was never before seen. As a
result, we are selling fine Persian, Indian and Turkish Rugs
At About Usual Wholesale Cost
— that is, at about the prices it costs other dealers to land equal
grades and sizes in this country.
Our autumn and winter exhibit for the season of 1903-4 is well
worth seeing — nothing finer in America.
STRAWBRIDGE & CLOTfflER
Eighth, Market and Filbert Streets
Philadelphia
9
WEDDING INVITATIONS
and all that is exclusive and best in
Social Engraving at
HOSKINS
904-906 CHESTNUT ST.
Social Correspondence Papers
in exclusive styles.
Write or call for sample book.
t529 (Zl^estQut Street
pyiii^pEiiPyt^.
f^
m
ROPE,HAMM0CKS> f
^ .cTo-i5 TWINE, THREAD, |
^"'g^""" cotton DUCK,FLAGS,#
AWNING STRIPES. #
NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA TORONTO g-
WOOL WASTES
Importers i« Dealers
Commission Merchants
11 HAIR COTTON
W NOILS YARNS.
Il6 Chestnut Street,
Insure your Dwelling's arid Furniture
Against Fire, Lightning, and Windstorm in the
A^nClllllirSl lllSUrclIlCC to. over $13,000,000 paid in losses.
OF WATERTOWN, N. Y. Assets, $2,566,266.
COST. ( Brick dwellings, $3.00 per thousand for 5 years.
FIRE AND LIGHTNING, l. Furniture, $8.00 per thousand for 5 years.
WINDSTORM. fo-oo per thomsand for 5 years.
^" ^^Tana^gTr^^*^^'"' 422 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Joseph H. P^i^vin & Co.
COPS, SKEINS, CONES, TUBES
AND WARPS-
126 CHESTlSrUT STREET
PKILATDELPHTA
New England Cotton Yarn Co.
213 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.
7-75
Telephones ^
7-70 p. H. CORR,
Manager.
I. D'OLICR & CO.
Yarns and Cotton
Mariner and Merchant Building,
PHILADELPHIA.
RICHARD A. BLYTHE,
'MMMm
Cotton Yarns of Every Description,
114 CHESTNUT STREET,
PHILADELPHIA
::a
F. A. POTH & SONS, Phila. i
ANNOUNCEMENT
For the convenience of our Patrons, we open on or
about December 15th a store in the .^ .^ «^
n
/\INT ARCADE," Cbestout & Juniper 5ts.
where all goods in our line will be sold, including
a fine assortment of CANDIES, NOVELTIES,
Table Decorations, and FRENCH PASTRY.
Crane Ice Cream Co,
ROBERT CRANE, Manager.
THF
XXX X-/ only things that it cannot clean
Are conscience soiled and tempers mean,
But it can clear
Each grime or smear
Into a whiteness seldom seen.
SOLA SOAP
At All Grocers.
MADE BY VACUUM SOAP CO.
180 OXFORD STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
ORIENTAL RUGS
IVINS, DIETZ & MAGEE,
FLOOR COVERINGS EXCLUSIVELY,
Manufacturers, Importers and Retailers,
1220 &. 1222 MARKET STREET, PHILADELPHIA.
WM. G. BERLINGER, Manager
Carpets, Linoleums, etc.
#
f
f
^^
Established 1855.
Thomas Delahunty,
*
•
Marble
Granite
Works.
•
*
38II to 3819 Ridge Avenue,
Opposite
North Laurel Hill Cemetery.
PHILADELPHIA.
Gold Seal ^^er
BREWED BY THE
Continental ^reiving Company
Made from the li^ety finest
quality of Malt, and the best
groivths of Hops ♦ * *
BREWERY
2ist Street and Washington Avenue
PHILADELPHIA. PA.
ESTABLISHED 1837.
IT'S THE SAME OLD
^
Used Medicinally and
Socially.
TAKE IN MODERATION AND GROW
OLD GRACEFULLY.
PURE
RYE
Bottled from $1 to $2.
Hiiey & Christ,
1209 Market Street,
Phiiladelplnia.
THOMAS A. LYNCH,
John E- Creth. Joseph T. Sullivaji.
Carpenter,
CRETH & SULLIVAN,
Builder and Contractor,
SHOP:
— pire li)sOrai)ce,
t6I8 NORTH CARLISLE ST.
No. 429 Walnut Street,
Residence: 1619 North Fifteenth St.
Established 1866. PHII,ADEI.PHIA.
Phii^adelphia.
Jobbing promptly attended to.
Insurance effected in all responsible Com-
panies at lowest rates.
Conkling- Armstrong
F. BRECHT'S SONS,
Terra Cotta Co.
Gi^cir I^ox
MANUFACTURERS OF
TWanufaetupers,
ARCHITECTURAL TERRA COTTA.
WORKS OFFICES
Philadelphia. Builders Exchange,
Telephone 9005. PHILADELPHIA.
109 and III
North Orrianna Street,
Between Third and Fourth,
Race and Cherry Sts.
Telephone Connection.
M. R. MUCKLE, JR. k CO.
JOHN MANEELY
Engineers «
ANb
Contractors
Byers* Full Weight Wrought
Iron Pipe.
Armstrong's Pipe Tools.
Gem Sectional and Round Steam
and Water Heaters.
Huxley Renewable Seat and Disc
Valves.
Jt Jt Ji Ji PHILADELPHIA, PA.
309-11-13 ARCH STREET
PHILADELPHIA
NEW YORK : 345-347 Broadway, 92 Leonard St.
BOSTON : 67 Chauncy Street.
PHILADELPHIA: 206 Chestnut Street.
William H. Wolf. Louis V. Wolf.
Established 1S36.
W. & L. WOLF,
CATLIN & CO.
SUCCESSORS TO
HILLEBRAND & WOLF,
^ Y&.rns ^
Star Lock Works
Copst Skeins, Cones, Tubes and Warps.
PHILADELPHIA.
OFFICE :
110 SOUTH EIGHTH ST.
PHIL-ADEI-PHIA.
JOSEPH S. KEEN, JR.. President and Gen'l Mgr.
GEORGE M. BUNTING. Vice Prest and Treas.
H. BAYARD HODGE, Secretary and Asst Treas.
WM. H. ROTH, Assistant Secretary.
J. W. LEDOUX, M.AM. SOC, C. E.. Chief Engineer
JAMES H. DAWES. Sup't of Construction.
HAROLD PEROT KEEN, Sup't Operating Dep't.
The American Pipe Manufacturing Co.
Engineers and Contractors for Water Works.
No. 112 NORTH BROAD ST.
PHILADELPHIA.
If you appreciate
the advantage of having
lots of water and want
a safe, simple, durable,
•economical and reliable apparatus to supply it, j'ou will buy a .•. .•.
RIDER or ERICSSON
HOT=AIR PUMPING ENGINE.
Awarded a GOLD MEDAL at the
Pan-American Exposition, Buf=
falo, 1901.
Catalogue " C 9 " on
application
to nearest office.
Rider.
Ericsson.
RIDER-ERICSSON ENGINE COMPANY,
.35 Cortlandt St., New York.
239 Franklin St., Boston.
22A_Pitt St., Sydney, N.' S. W.
"Teniente-Rey, 71 Havana.
40 Dearborn St., Chicago.
40 North 7th St., Philadelphia.
692 Craig St., Montreal, P. Q.
Merchant and Alakea Sts., Honolulu.
Pocket
Knives
Scissors
Cutlery
1744
\jm£culcu,
\SlicMPnoiiy&€:i
Dog
Collars
MATCHED PAIRS.
FANCY COBS.
FAST ROADSTERS.
W. W. HAAG,
Sales and Boarding Stables
HIGH CIvASS HORSES,
1443 to 1449 Cherry Street,
Horses Bought and Sold
ON Commission. Both Telephones. PHILADELPHIA..
If you are in want of a Horse,
let us know, or if you have one for sale, we will sell it for you.
A. P. FRAIM
TELEPHONE
CONNECTION.
arfpenter[ and Igsuildeif,
SHOP, REAR OF 32 N. THIRD ST., PHILADELPHIA.
TriKKi*nrr PROMPTLY ^ p
JUUUlLl^ ATTENTED TO. ^ ^
STIMATES
FURNISHED.
Perfect Fitting Glasses
Are necessary to give the results
desired by the oculist. Jt .Ji ^
Our Patent Clamps
Allow the glass to rest easy,
yet firmly on the nose, .ji .j<
THE S. L. LlMEBURiNER CO.
1702 Chestnut Street.
Picture Franking i
The artistic qualities of a pic-
ture can be "brought ovt" or
deadened to a vers- large extent
bv the framing, just one of the
reasons whv particular people
bring their'pictures here to be
framed.
Let us frame the collection you may
have gathered while abroad. Pictures
make acceptable
BRIDAL GIFTS,
OTTO SCHEIBIL
Largest Frame Factory In Philadelphia
10 INorth IVinth St.
Illustrated catalogue mailed f
^^msS'^K-'SLiiai!.
DELICIOUS!
REFRESHING!
At all
Soda
Fountains
5c
wherever
shown
Rugs that sell Readily-
Rich colorings, attractive designs, substantially made
High Grade Wool SiHyma Ru^s
All sizes from 18x36 inches to 9x12 feet
SAMUEL WHITE, '"^ """^^^^^.^^M
FIHTH St FOSTER CO.
"hfM^
.PHlitADEIiPHIfl
New York Office,
Silk Exchange Buildingf,
Broadway and Broome St.
Formaldehyd
Sulphur Torch
Positive Disinfector
Endorsed by Physicians
Mi^MiR. No germs or insects can exist
%' after the use of one of these torches.
Price 25c.
-39=41 ^^^^^
^
MarKet ® 12th Reading' Terminal
and 121-123-125 North Eighth St.
SEES & FABER
Hardware, Tools
Mill Supplies ^
2o°o North Front St,
A. Pomerantz,
Stationer,
Engraver, ^ Printer
and Blank Book Maker,
22 South 15th Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
Harry R. Rust,
CONTRACTOR,
Carpenter and Builder,
Store and Office Fixtures, &:c.
ROLLING STORE LADDERS,
82S Filbert Street, Philadelphia.
OFFICE and MILL, 724-26 Ludlow Street.
Telephone.
JUNGMANN'S
Beef, Wine and Iron,
50c
FULL PINTS
None Better
The William H. Moon Co.
nurseryinen and «
Candscape experts
616 STEPHEN GIRARD BL-DG.
21 S. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Jungmann's Drug Store,
4th and Noble Streets
and 220 Vine Street.
Glenwood Nurseries,
MoRRisviLi-E. Bucks Co., Pa.
SEND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.
Jerome H. Sheip. .\sa W. Vandegrift.
Local and Long Distance Telephone.
Sheip & Vandegrift,
Manufacturers of
CIGAR BOXES,
LOCK-CORNER BOXES
818 to 832 Lawrence St.
PHILADELPHIA.
WM. R. CHAPMAlSr
& SONS,
5
(lilders
121 5 South Broad Street^
PHILADELPHIA.
Our Jessica Corsets
r=
Designed and made expressly for
us in Paris by the world's most fam-
ous corsetiere.
Absolutely unequaled for style and
fit, and a model for every figure.
There is only one " Jessica " — and
the nearest imitation is far inferior.
$5.50 to $35.00
A woman who has once learned how
much a properly-fitted Jessica will improve
her figure, and has enjoyed the comfort its
matchless lines insure, will never be quite
satisfied with even the best of other makes —
the " Jessica habit " is a hard one to cure.
Strawbridge ® Clothier - Phila.
Take Notice*
The John Mawson Hair Cloth Co., formerly of
Coral and Dauphin Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.,
have removed to their new Factory, Kensington
Avenue, Glenwood Avenue and Venango Street
where they have increased their machinery and
will have better facilities for supplying their trade.
Thanking our friends for past favors, and
soliciting their future trade, we remain.
Respectfully,
THE m^ JIAUISOK m^ CliOTp CO.
The HASTINGS &
McINTOSH TRUSS CO.
Manufacturers of all kinds of
Hard Rubber, Elastic
and Leather°Covered
Trusses,
Supporters, Sboulder Braces, Crutches,
Elastic Hosiery and Body Belts.
912 WALNUT STREET,
PHILADELPHIA, U S. A.
ROBERT M. BOYCE
^^OCEf^lES
Wines arid Cigars
SOLE AGENT
WHITE ROCK WATER
Walnut and Thirteenth Sts.
Philadelphia
Wc can do the Family Washing;
cheaper than you can do it at
home and BETTER.
Ask us
€xcei$ior Caundry €o.
i9tb $t. Si momgomery Jive.
PbiladtlpMa.
(hairs
253 South Second St.
H. MOSEBACH'S
CASINO DRAWING ROOMS
AND BANQUET HALLS
For Weddings, Soirees, Pri'va.te Parties
1239-4t Girard A'be,
J207-9 North 13th St,
t643 North Broad St,
Estitnaies given for Weddings, Parties,
Receptions, etc.
KOR YOUR
Wines and Liquors
00 TO
WM RUMMEL, Jr.
Wholesale Liquor Dealer,
1516 Columbia Ave., Philad'a.
10 yrs. old Rye a Specialty,
$1.25 per quart.
Telephone Connection.
The Class & Nachod
Brewing Co.
Solitaire Beer 'i^
BOTTLING BEER A SPECIALTY.
1720-38 Mervine Street,
....Philadelphia.
R. E. W. W.
121 tUalnut Street.
BERGER BROTHERS CO.
Tinners' Hardware and
Roofers* Supplies,
237 Arch Street, Philadelphia.
f razin ^ Opp^nbetm
stores:
$. €. €or. iitb and €bc$tnut Streets
129 north Gigbtb Street
PbiladelpDia
new VcrK Chicago
Fresh Flowers
AIKEN
l?22
Columbia Avenue
F. GUTEIKUNSX'S
Photographic
Portraits
<^* 9^* t2^ W* ^*
are: REMARKABLE} ROR THEIR
FIDEILITV OF LIKEINEISS
T12 Arch St. PH I LAD El_RH I A -1TOO N. Broad St.
Let us do Your Fall and Holiday Shopping We'll Save You Trouble and Dollars.
WEDDING AND HOLIDAY GIFTS A SPECIALTY.
NETTIE E. ARMHOLD
Scientific Sbopping
Keystone Phone, Race 47-87 A KEITH'S THEATRE BUILDING
Bell Phone, Walnut 5734 A I 1 16 CHESTNUT STREET
S. W. GOODMAN ir.irA^ooY"
His shingle hangs out at 116 North Third Street.
He will do your PRINTING RIGHT and at RIGHT Prices.
A postal card or a call on either phone will receive prompt attention.
d
ridgl
'^ibles
Silk,Leather|lYory
With Odd and
Silver Mountings
Qld^nd^eW
Test9n)ei)t
Old Testament
...Only...
Illustrated Catalogue with Price List mailed on application.
OSCAR KLONOWER, 1435 Euclid Avenue, Philadelphia,
LADIES!
REET'S Patent
Invisible Eyes
take the place of silk loops, and make a flat seam. The triangle ends keep the
stitches firm and the Eye from slipping or
turning over. Ideal for plackets. 2 doz.
Eyes 5C.; with Spring Hooks loc. Black or ITSINTHE"fR|y\|^Q|_£-^
White. Sizes No. o, i, 2, 3 and 4. For sale
at all stores, or by mail.
TRADE MARK RES.
t. MAY 7,is9b ^c Tn.ieM.
Beware of itnitations, and see that our trade mark, "IT'S IN THE Tnl ANRI F
is on every package.
PEET BROS.
PHILADELPHIA.
A. F. Bornot & Bro.
French Scourers ^"^^ Dyers
1 7th St. and Fairmount Ave.
U(
1535 Chestnut Street
BRANCHES^ 1714 N. Broad Street
106 S. Tenth Street
PHILADELPHIA
^
WASHINGTON, D. C,
WILMINGTON, DEL.
Why not send us all your Important Cleaning
$
1f\ for a New Sewing
" Machine
All Attachments and Guarantee
(J» I O for the Ball Bearing kind, worth
«[) I O double the price.
(|»^F for the latest and best Bicycle-
«P^0 geared, Ball Bearing, Automatic
drop cabinet.
Singer, Wheeler & Wilson, Household,
Standard, Wilcox & Gibbs and all other
makes to select from.
All makes on one floor to select from
at one price and one profit.
PENN SEWING MACHINE CO.
818 Arch Street
Open Evenings at 934 GIRARD AVENUE
The Doyleslown Blacksmith
and Repair Shops.
HARRY FLUCK,
HORSESHOEING,
Carriage and Wagon Repairing a Specialty.
CHARGES VERY REASONABLE.
The Doyleslown Wheelwright
and Repair Shop.
J. Frank Poulton
All kinds of
Wheelwrighting and
Carriage Repairing
Saws Filed. Charges Reasonable.
DOYLl^STOWN, PA.
The New Britain Steam Mills
E. H. FRETZ.
D. G. FRETZ.
W. A. REED
DEALER IN
FEED, COAL AND
FERTILIZERS
Grist Grinding will Receive
Prompt Attention
NEW BRITAIN, - PA.
K FRETrS SONS.
Successors to E. W. Kirk.
Fountain House Livery.
Sale and Exchange Stables.
TT/^'DO'C'O For Sale or Ezchange at
An up-to-date Lmery throughout.
DOYLESTOWN, PA,
standard Telephone No. 31.
Long distance No. 19 X.
HACKS MEET ALL TRAINS.
RUFE BROS.
Meehanie's Heater Ulorks.
Plumbing, Steam and
Hot Water Heating....
WORKS .'
South Main Street,
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
HENRY S. BEIDLER
(Successor to Swarlley Bros. M. & T. Co.)
MERCHANT MILLER,
and Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
COAL, FLOUR,
Grain, Feed, Timothy and Clover
Seed, Lime, Fertilizers, &c.
South Main St., opposite the GasWorks
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
Lumber
Mill Work and Coal.
t^otzel & Raike,
Old Lehigh Coal a Specialty.
West State Street,
Near Clinton,
^
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
IVIVC. F. ELY,
Dealer in Ready =Made Ciothing
For Men, Boys and Children.
Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Furnishing Goods.
Bicycles and Sewing Machines.
Cor. Ashland & Clinton Sts., DOYLESTOWN, PA.
Robert M. Yardley, Pres. Warner Worstall, Sec.
Henry 0. Harris. Treas. John S. Worstall. Sup't.
THE WORSTALL A. CARL
SPOKE AND WHEEL COMPANY
Manufacturers of Wheels and Wheel Stock,
Shafts, Poles, Reaches, Etc.
WEST STATE ST., DOYLESTOWN, PA.
HEEBNER'S
I.in-i Ir
HORSE POWER
and Little Giant Thresher and Cleaner
make the handicfit and moat economical threshing outfit known.
ibe thrcDiiiriifi/ia.lein tlir€i»ii»«, 21 , -JO and *l in. ojlinder. ll i>
a simple, cjsr to ljandle.li;:bt running ^atronf^.daratile and efleeliTO
». \V ill t)m8h and clean wh.-at, rje.oats. barley, flai. rice,
alfafa. millet, eor^buro, timothy, etc. Capacity 200 to awJ b"«. Kc-
hole neighborhood equally well. Can be run t>j b team. Caroline, or anr-jther power if preferred. Tread pow-
a-idChor>e<in lever p-Jircr.) Feri"«ln;drr fee.I.eDiib-e ar.d Bli<l!in-. tawin-,' "OO'l. pumplnr. pepanting
on the niarV:et. Jloiinled"' I'mnnuntcd. aior-bre'l. Wealjomi'iC Lcvet I'owerj. IVt'l and Koai-
.l/orJFIt£ECril„,,.,,ue. Ji EKB.M;IS i .SONS, No. I:rn <l SI . l,iiii~iliiV, I'a.
BUILDING /^ rj^/^T^jr\ BELGIAN
co^iNG vluINb '^^'^^^
ASHLAR Lj
cruLed for every purpose
George W. Gormley,
cManure, Street Dirt
and
The Rittenhouse Quarry,
Rittenhouse,
West of Wissahicfcon Ave.
GERMANTOWN
W. M. WATSON.
"BAR SAND,
Nos. 1063-65 N, Delaware c4've,
THILADELPHIA.
The Sanitai'v
CHARLES EDGERTON, President.
W. W. INGRAM, Sec"y & Treas.
Product Co.
LAMD TITLE BUILDING,
Broad and Chestnut 5ts.
Thomas McCarty,
Carpenter
and Builder
No. 345 York Avenue^
Below Callowhill Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
Telephone Connection.
Philadelphia.
WALLACE DUNGAN,
MANUFACTURER OF
Phosphates
*^ Neats Foot OiL
HIDES AND TALLOW
BOUGHT AT MARKET PRICES.
LEATHER FOR SALE.
Doylestown, Pa.
Columbian Tea House
TAYLOR BUILDIIVO, DOYLt STO WIN, PA.
Full line of Imported and Domestic Groceries
WHOLESALES WAREHOUSE, 4515=4519 QIRARD AVE., PHILAD'A.
STORES: PHILADELPHIA, ARDMORE. BRYN MAWR. WAYNE, BERWYN,
CLIFTON HEIGHTS, MEDIA AND CHESTER, PA.
CHRISTIAN PFAFF
Brogan's }?]^ ,.
^^ J^ Columbia
L/aie, « « Avenue,
^ Xiquov
5)ealer
m. IB. Corner
Pass^unli Bvc. an? Gatbarfnc St.
pbUa?elpbia
N. W. Cor. Sj-denham Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
Oystm, « Salads, « SteaKs,
Everything iu season Served
to Order in First-class Style.
Ftne Club Whiskies,
"■ — Wines and Cigars.
The Early Gardesi
Must soon claim attention. Send for our Garden and
Farm Manual for 1903. You will tiud it interest-
ing and iustructiver6adingfor these long winter even-
ings, it is v>rofusely illustrated and contains ever\' thing
thatisuewin Vegetable and Flower seeds. Sent FREE on request.
217—219 l»Iarbet Street,
PHlt,Ar>El,I-HIA, F»A.
JOHNSON & STOKES.
1214 Atlantic Ave.
Atlantic City
S21 Park Avenue
New York
TELEPHONE CONNECTIONS
GARRETT E.BRflWNBACR'S
FrtnOMS
QOLbEN BUTTER
FARMERS' MARKET
Eighteenth St. and Ridge Ave.
A. H. FRY, Manager
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
SHIVE Bt?OS.
Tisb, Oysters
and Clams
Dealers in
ALL KINDS OF
Fruit and Veg-etables in Season
Pine St. between State St.
and Oakland Ave.
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
Wynne: Jameis,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
NOTARY PUBLIC,
DOYLEISTONA/N, RA.
Orfice: in Hafrt Building
STANDARD phone: NO. 1.
Real Estate, Conveyancing,
Loans Negotiated,
Fire Insurance, Tornado Insurance,
Mortgages and Stocks Bought and Sold,
Special Bargains,
Hotels, Farms and Building Lots,
Business Stands.
I. R. ROSENBERGER. C. R. ROSENBERGER.
Rosenberger Bro$.
Dealers in
HAY
STRAW
MAIN OFFICE :
Coal, Flour, Feed, Hay, Etc^
Colmar, Montgomery Co., Pa.
Branch Hay Pressing Establishment :
Buckingham, Bucks Co., Pa.
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
R. L. CLYMER,
DEALER \N
Dry Goods, Groceries,
Notions,
and General Mefchandise.
OPPOSITE
P. «L R. R. DEPOT.
James M. Hartzel.
B. Frank Hartzel.
Chalfont
Steam Roller Mills.
Brands:
High Grade Patent
Fancy Patent
Daisy
Choice Rye Flour
F. D. HartzeTs Sons,
MANUFACTURERS OF
ROLLER A PATENT a FLOUR
AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDi OF
Grain, Mill Feed, and Best Lehigh
and Schuylkill Coal,
CHALFONT, BUCKS COUNTY, PA.
JAMES BARRETT,
Dealer Id and Wholesale Agent for
Iron, Steel, Building and
Carriage Hardware,
PAINTS, OILS, GLASS, ETC.
Corner of Main and Ashland Streets,
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
C, Louis Siegler, D. D. S.
opposite New Hart Building,
MAIN STREET,
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
Standard Phone, No. 55 A.
WM. E. RICHARDSON.
DEALER IN
SEWING MACHINES.
Flour, Feed, Seeds, Hay, Coal,
Cement, Lumber, Pine, Hemlock,
Oak and Hickory, Slate, Doors,
Sash, Shutters, Moulding.
CHALFONT, PA.
Carpenter and Builder,
CHALKONT, F>A.
Jobbing promptly attended to.
Reference ; Chapel at National Farm School.
J. ZIEGI.ER.
A. S. HELLYER'S SONS, Merchants
lyadies' and Children's Wear, Dry Goods anti
Groceries, Notions, Shoes, Etc.
DOYLESTOWN, PA.
of HOUSEWIVES will no
^ ^ >M ^ ^ doubt remember this picture
on the wrappers around
Dobbins'
Electric
Soapj^
THE SOAP their mothers and grandmothers used
to always praise so highly, and which they thought
was the cheapest and best soap made. »^ ^ ^
Size of bar and quality is exactly as it used to
be, a box of DOBBINS' ELECTRIC should be
in every house, as it improves with age.
Dobbins Sod>.p Mf^. Co.
(Sole Proprietors,)
PHILADELPHIA, PENNA.
ell ]Qi[es§ed ^^©un^
en
in and about Philadelphia are our patrons because they say we do
their work JUST RIGHT. Packages forwarded by express to out-
of-town customers.
as finished by us, has received most flattering criticisms. We feel
they have been merited. Are you particular with the manner in
which such articles are finished? If so, write for our new pamphlet
and price list just out.
HENRY P. SAUERS, President TELEPHONE
HARRY RIEGER, Treasurer CONNECTION
ALBERT C. WOERWAG, Secretary
CHARLES BARTH, General Manager
The Louis Bergdoll
Brewing Co.
Bottling Beer a Specialty
OFFICE AND BREWERY
29th and Parrish Streets
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
LIGHT. SIGNS. POWER.
Illuminate Your Windows and
Stores with
Electric Light.
There is no artificial illuminant comparable with electricity for
this purpose. Customers should be made comfortable; salespeople
should be provided with a healthful workroom. Electric light is
the only illuminant which does not vitiate the atmosphere.
Progressive Merchants realize the tremendous force exerted by a
brilliantly and handsomely lit window and store. It is a paying
ADVERTISEMENT.
============ HEALTHFUL! CONVENIENT!
Electric Li^ht is brilliant: economical!
DECORATIVE !
Do not allow the adjoining Store to get ahead of you. It is better
and easier to keep trade than to get it after it is once lost.
Electric SisfllS ^^^ readable day and night.
Electric AdotOrS ^^^^ clean, efficient and e conomical.
The Edison Electric Light Co.
OF PHILADELPHIA,
N. E. Cor. loth and Sansom Sts.
• • • USE . . . TELEPHONE^ { ||^^VoNE.
ELECTRIC LIGHT
IN YOUR HOME.
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