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(     NOW  29  aa 


iewitt.    James  Alexander, 
^r^etches  of    English  churcii   ^ 
:oouth   At  Ilea         troiti    1795    to 


18 


SKETCHES 


ENGLISH  CHURCH  HISTORY 


SOUTH  AFEICA. 


Feom  1795  TO  1848. 


BY 


JAMES    ALEXANDER    HEWITT, 

EECJTOR   OF   WORCESTER,   SOUTH   AFRICA. 


CAPE  TOWN  : 

J.    C.    JUTA    &    CO. 

188/- 


LONDON : 

PRINTED  BY   ^YILLIAIH  CLO^YES  AND  SONS,   LIMITED, 

fcTAMFORD  STREET  AND  CJIARIXG  CROSS. 


CONTENTS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

1795-1803.  PAGE 

The  first  English  occupation — Military  and  Naval  Chaplains — 
Religious  difficulties  with  the  Dutch — Withdrawal  of  the 
English — Do  Mist's  church  regulations  .      .  .  .  .3 

CHAPTER  11. 

180G-1S07. 
Henry  Martyn's  account  of  the  taking  of  the  Cape — The  earliest 
registers — Controversy  with  the  Dutch  Consistory — A  Luthe- 
ran garrison  chaplain — Cliange  in  the  marriage  law — The 
Dutch  church  used  for  English  services  —  Lord  Caledon 
Governor — Title  of  Ordinary 7 

CHAPTER  III. 

1808-1811. 
The  career  of  a  clerical  impostor.  Dr.  Halloran,  garrison  chaplain 
and   Rector   Gymnasii  —  His    libels   upon   the   Lieutenant- 
Governor — His  trial  and  banishment — Opinion  of  law  officers 
as  to  the  validity  of  his  marriages — His  subsequent  career    .     13 

CHAPTER  lY. 
1811-1819. 
The  first  Colonial  Chaplain  —  Chaplaincy  at  Simonstown  esta- 
blished— Education — Lord  Charles  Somerset  Governor — First 
English  church  built  in  the  Colony— Marriage  licences  issued 
— Sir  J.  Brenton's  letter  to  the  Bishop  oi  London  on  the 
spiritual  wants  of  the  Colony     ......     26 

CHAPTER  V. 

1820-1826. 
State  of  the  Church  at  the  Cape — Arrival  of  British  settlers — 
Establishment  of  Bible  and  Tract  Society — First  S.  P.  G. 
Mission — Grahamstown  founded — Commission  of  Enquiry — 
Port  Elizabeth — Proposal  to  build  a  church  in  Capetown — 
Prayer  Book  and  Tract  Society  founded — Report  of  Royal 
Commissioners  of  Enquiry oQ 

CHAPTER  VL 

1827-1830. 
First  episcopal  visit — Bishop  James  of  Calcutta — Second  scheme 
for  building  a  cluirch  in  Capetown  —  Consecration  of  the 
site — Confirmation — Third  scheme  for  building  a  clmrcli — 
S.  George's  Churcli  ordinance — Second  episcopal  visit,  Bishop 
Turner — Laying  foundation  stone  of  S.  George's  Church — 
Opening  of  S.  George's  Church,  Graliamstown — Clerical 
chanores — Dr.  AVriiiht         .  .  .  .  .  .  .48 


IV 


Contents. 


CHAPTER  yil. 

1831-1835.  PAGE 

Increase  of  activity  in  church  building — Tliird  episcopal  visit, 
Bishop  Wilson— His  stay  at  the  Cape — Consecration  of  sites 
— First  ordination— Departure  of  Governor  Sir  Lowry  Cole — 
Sir  Benjamin  D'Urban's  reforms — Opening  of  Eondebosch 
Church— Opening  of  S.  George's,  Cajietown — Kafir  war  of 
1834-1830— Visit  of  Bishop  Conic  of  Madras      .         .         .59 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

183G-1810. 
Statistics  of  the  Church— C.  M.  S.  Mission  to  the  Zulus— Mas- 
sacre of  the  emigrant  Boers  and  abandonment  of  the  mission 
— Opening  of  S.  Frances' Church,  Simonstown — Legislation — 
Arrival  of  juvenile  emigrants — Church  building — Extension 
of  tlie  Colonial  Episcopate  —  Religious  controversy  —  The 
Anglo-Indians  ........     OS 

CHAPTER  IX. 

1841-1845. 
Difficulties  at  Grahamstown — State  of  the  Churcli  in  the  Eastern 
Province — The  Colonial  Church  Soci<ty  undertake  work  at 
the  Cape— Long  Street  Episcojial  Chai)el— S.  Mary's,  Port 
Elizabeth — Vi>it  of  the  Bishop  of  Tasmania — Kei>eal  of  Do 
Mist's  regulations — British  settlers'  twenty-fifth  anniversary 
— New  chaplaincies— Church  ordinances      .  .  .  .82 

CHAPTER  X. 

184G-1848. 

Kafir  war  of  the  axe — Resolution  of  Cai)ctown  District  Committeo 
of  S.  P.  C.  K.  on  tho  subject  of  the;  South  African  Bishopric 
— Memorial  from  tlu;  inlialiitants  of  the  Eastern  I'rovince  on 
the  same  subject— Opening  of  Holy  Trinity  Church,  Cape- 
town— Departure  of  Mr.  Hough— Cape  Colony  erected  into  an 
Episcojtiil  See — Consecration  of  Bishoj)  Gray — His  arrival  at 

■•*  '•   the  Cape — State  of  the  Church  on  his  arrival — Gleams  of 

hope         ..........     93 

APPENDICES. 

A.  List  of  Dr.  Ilalloran's  i)ubiiHhed  works  .  .  .  .103 

B.  Sir  J.  Brenton's  letter  to  the  JJislioj)  of  London     .  .  .   105 

C.  S.  George's  Capetown  Church  Ordinance        ....   lOD 

D.  Memorial  from  residents  in  thr-  ICastern  Province  to  the  Com- 

mittee fif  the  Colonial  Bishops'  Fund  ....   122 

E.  Letters  I'atent  of  IS  17  constituting  the  See  of  Capetown  .    123 

F.  List  of  Clergy  stntifmed  at  the  Cap.-,  17;)5-1S48    .  .  .128 

G.  List  of   Pam])hle1s  on    Chureh  matters,  Sermons,  «&(*.,   pub- 

lislir-d  at  the  Cape,  1808-1847 133 

IL  ( )rdinances  and  Lawa  enacted  by  the  Colonial  Legislature  from 

180G-1848,  relating  to  the  Church,  and  still  in  force     .  .   B'G 


SKETCHES  OE  ENGLISH  CHUECH 
HISTOEY  IN  SOUTH  AFEICA. 


INTRODUCTION. 


South  Africa  is  no  exceiDtion  to  the  dreary  history  of  the 
Colonial  Church  in  its  early  clays.  It  presents  to  us  the 
sacl  picture  of  an  offshoot  of  the  Mother  Church  left  to 
exist  for  years  without  episcopal  supervision.  An  Order  in 
Council  issued  during  the  reign  of  Charles  I.  is  said  to 
have  placed  all  foreign  congregations  of  British  subjects, 
not  within  the  limits  of  other  Anglican  Dioceses,  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Bishop  of  London;  but  if  this  order 
ever  existed  it  only  invested  that  prelate  with  authority  to 
appoint  commissaries  for  the  transaction  of  purely  legal 
business,  without  making  any  provision  for  the  exercise  of 
the  more  important  spiritual  functions  of  the  episcopate. 
And  although  a  later  order  in  1726  empowered  the  BishOB 
of  London  to  exercise  spiritual  jurisdiction  in  the  pla'fl^^ 
tations,  it  does  not  seem  that  this  shadow  of  episcopacy 
extended  to  the  Cape  Colony  at  its  acquisition  seventy 
years  afterwards. 

When  the  See  of  Calcutta  was  founded  in  1814,  its 
Bishop  was  regarded  as,  in  some  degree,  Bishop  of  South 
Africa,  but  it  was  not  until  1837  that  the  third  occupant  of 
the  See  called  at  the  Cape  on  his  voyage  to  India.  The 
Chaplains  were  unlicensed  and  free  from  any  control,  except 
that    of  the  Governor,  who  was  styled  the  Ordinary  ;  and 

u 


2         English   CJnirch  History  in  Sonth  Africa. 

Avliat  lias  been  ^vcll  called  "  a  system  of  insufficient  and 
scarcely  veiled  Prcsbyterianism  "  \vas  tlic  only  representative 
of  the  Church  of  England  in  South  Africa. 

No  attempt  has  hitherto  been  made  to  collect  materials 
for  the  history  of  this  iK^riod.  The  history  of  Church 
matters  since  the  foundation  of  the  See  of  Capetown  in  1847 
is  tolerably  well  known,  and  may  be  read  in  the  journals 
and  life  of  Bishop  Gray  and  his  colleagues,  or  gathered 
from  the  many  pamphlets  and  law  reports,  published  upon 
the  various  subjects  in  dispute,  during  his  eventful  and 
illustrious  episcopate.  But  of  the  earlier  period,  from  the 
first  English  occupation  to  the  arrival  of  Bishop  Gray 
(1795-1848),  no  collected  record  exists.  The  following 
sketches,  drawn  from  scattered  notices  in  the  Colonial 
archives,  and  in  the  scanty  newspaper  and  periodical 
literature  of  the  time,  from  the  observations  of  travellers, 
and  from  other  trustworthy  sources,  are  a  contribution 
towards  supplying  this  deliciency. 


English  Church  Histoiy  in  South  Africa. 


CHAPTER  I. 

The  English  Occupation  from  1795  to  1803. 
Clergy. 

Eev.  J.  E.  Attwoocl,  R.N.,  1795. 
Eev.  H.  Davis,  1797-1799. 
Eev.  Dr.  Dolling,  R.N.,  1797. 
Eev.  Thomas  Tringliam,  1799-1803. 
Eev.  —  Holmes  (?),  1803. 

When  the  Cape  capitulated  to  the  English  arms  iu 
September,  1795,  it  was  agreed  that  the  privileges  of  the 
Dutch  Eeformed  Church  should  be  preserved,  and  during 
the  seven  years  of  occupation  that  body  continued  to  be 
called  the  Established  Church.  The  only  services  of  the 
English  Church  were  held,  probably  in  the  Castle,  by  the 
Military  Chaplains,  but  no  traces  of  any  registers  kept  at 
that  time  are  to  be  found.  The  Governor  was  the  Ordinary, 
and  his  consent  was  necessary  to  marriages,  and  even  to 
baptisms — at  least  in  the  case  of  adults. 

The  first  clergyman  with  whose  name  we  meet  is  the 
Eev.  J.  E.  Attwood,  Chaplain  of  H.M.S.  Stately,  and  one  of 
his  earliest  ministerial  acts  in  the  settlement  led  to  a  legal 
controversy  with  the  authorities  of  the  Dutch  Church.  At 
that  time  all  persons  about  to  be  married  were  obliged  to 
appear  before  a  Lay  Matrimonial  Court  in  Capetown  to 
prove  that  there  were  no  legal  impediments  to  the  marriage. 
On  the  2nd  October,  1795,  Mr.  Attwood  solemnized  a 
marriage  without  this  preliminary  form  being  observed. 
When  the  bridegroom  applied  to  the  Dutch  Church  to  have 
his  marriage  registered,  he  was  refused  on  the  ground  that 
the  marriage  was  illegal.    He  then  petitioned  the  Governor, 

B  2 


4         English  CJiurcJi  History  in  South  Africa. 

General  Craig,  to  have  the  marriage  declared  legal,  because 
"  at  the  time  of  the  marriage  the  usual  method  of  recording 
names  was  stopt" — Capetown  being  under  martial  law. 
The  Governor,  however,  declined  to  interfere,  and  recom- 
mended that  the  couple  should  be  remarried. 

But  graver  causes  of  collision  than  this  occurred. 
Admiral  Elphiustone  states  in  a  letter  to  his  friends  that 
"  the  Captain  of  one  of  the  shijis  of  war,  who  had  a  gift  for 
expounding  the  Gospel,  was  rash  enough  to  baptize  a  child 
in  the  house  of  Colonel  de  Lisle,  and  the  Dutch,  who  had 
been  guaranteed  in  the  exercise  of  their  religion,  raised  a 
tumult  against  what  they  regarded  as  an  infringement  of 
the  convention,  and  were  only  pacified  when  the  officer  was 
suspended.  Another  time  a  Chaplain  of  the  fleet  married 
a  couple,  ignorant  that  the  [bride]groom  was  already  a 
husband,  and  a  clamour  was  again  excited,  which  the  Admiral 
had  to  quell  by  his  personal  interference."* 

In  1797  Eev.  H.  Davis  was  Chaplain  in  Capetown, 
Among  the  archives  is  a  letter  dated  7th  August,  1797, 
from  Cajitain  Lambe,  thanking  Lord  Macartney  for  j^er- 
mission  to  marry,  which  is  endorsed,  "  License  to  be  granted 
to  Mr.  Davis  to  marry."  Another  letter,  dated  15th  August, 
from  Garrison  Church-Clerk  Norris,  to  Mr.  Secretary 
Barnard,  states  that  application  had  been  made  to  Mr.  Davis 
by  "  a  native  of  Africa,  who  is  at  the  years  of  maturity  and 
freeborn,  whose  wish  it  is  to  be  ba2)tizcd  according  to  the 
Church  of  England."  It  is  endorsed,  "Leave  has  been 
granted."  On  February  5th,  1798,  the  Governor  grants 
permission  to  Mr.  Davis  to  baptize  certain  coloured  adults. 
There  is  also  a  jjctition  from  one  Fitter  (2Gth  February, 
1798),  that  lie  and  liis  family  may  have  the  Governor's 
permission  to  be  ])aj)tized  by  tlio  English  Chaplain,  as  he 


♦  "Life  of  Lord  Keith."  Admiral  Elphiustone  (nfterwnnls  liord 
Keith)  was  cominainling  at  tlie  Cnpc  from  Septc'inbt-r  t(j  November, 
1795. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.         5 

Lad  api^lied  to  the  Dutch  Church  "  without  obtaining  the 
holy  Sacrament  of  Baptism,"  whereas  the  English  Chaplain 
is  willing  to  admit  him  into  "  the  Holy  Church."  There  is 
also  a  similar  petition  from  Candaza,  a  female  slave 
(1st  March,  1798). 

In  the  same  year  Eev.  Dr.  Dolling  was  Chaplain  to  Sir 
H.  Christian,  Admiral  commanding  the  fleet  at  the  Cape, 
and  resided  for  some  months  at  Stellenbosch  as  tutor  to 
Admiral  Christian's  son  in  the  family  of  the  Dutch  clergy- 
man, Mr.  M.  Borcherds.* 

In  1799  the  Rev.  Thomas  Tringham  succeeded  Mr.  Davis 
iis  Chaplain  in  Capetown,  and  remained  there  until  the 
restoration  of  the  Cape  to  the  Dutch.  In  December,  1799, 
the  Kerkraad  of  Stellenbosch  complained  of  Mr.  Tringham 
to  the  Governor  for  having  baptized  the  illegitimate  child  of 
a  female  member  of  the  Dutch  Church.  The  complaint  was 
referred  to  him  by  the  Governor  for  explanation,  and  in 
reply  he  justifies  his  action,  and  adds,  "  Since  my  arrival  in 
the  Colony  I  have  ever  j)ursued  (and  shall  continue  to  do 
so)  a  line  of  duty  prescribed  by  and  conformable  to  the 
Statutes  and  Ordinances  of  the  Anglican  Church,  sanctioned 
by  the  laws  of  my  country,  and  conformable  to  the  laws  of 
this  settlement  under  the  protection  of  His  Excellency  the 
Governor."  Here  the  matter  seems  to  have  ended,  but  wo 
shall  meet  with  a  similar  complaint  against  the  English 
Chaplain  soon  after  the  capture  of  the  Cape  in  1806. 

Mr.  Tringham  had  a  grant  of  land  in  or  near  Capetown 
from  Governor  Sir  G.  Yonge,  and  in  September,  1801, 
applied  for  permission  to  sell  it,  which  was  refused.  He 
left  the  Cape  with  the  English  forces  in  February,  1803. 


=''  Dr.  Dolling  is  gratefully  spoken  of  by  Mr.  P.  B.  Borelienls  in  his 
*•  ^lemoirs,"  and  is  described  as  "  wearing  a  black  coat  and  waistcoat, 
Avitli  yellow  buckskin  breeches,  yellow-toppctl  boots,  with  a  broad 
brimmed  hat  shaped  to  a  point  behind;  ho  wore  spectacles  on  an 
aquiline  nose,  and  had  lively  eyes." — Borcherds'  '*  Memoirs,"  p.  3S. 


6        English  CJuirch  History  in  South  Africa. 

A  form  of  tlianksgiving  for  tlie  cscai^c  of  the  King  from 
assassination  (December,  1800),  and  a  letter  endorsing  coi)y 
of  an  Order  in  Council  of  January  1,  1801,  respecting 
alterations  in  tlic  Prayer-Booli,  in  consequence  of  the  union 
of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  to  be  carried  into  effect  in  the 
Colony,  close  the  brief  ecclesiastical  memoranda  of  this 
period.  On  the  21st  February,  1803,  the  Colony  was 
handed  over  to  the  Batavian  Ecpublic,  and  the  English 
officials  and  troops  were  withdrawn.  Several  English 
residents,  however,  remained  at  the  Cape,  and  among  them 
(it  would  ai;)pear)  a  clergyman;  for  in  the  Kaa'psclie 
Courant  of  May  14,  the  Eev.  Mr.  Holmes  notifies  that  ho 
has  ojiened  a  private  school. 

Under  the  Batavian  Government,  by  the  Church  regula- 
tions published  by  Commissioner  General  de  Mist  (July  25, 
1801),  certain  restrictions  were  placed  upon  the  exercise 
of  religious  liberty  ;  and  as  these  continued  and  were  some- 
times enforced  under  English  rule,  they  may  be  hero 
mentioned.  No  one  was  permitted  to  perform  any  Divine 
service,  or  to  hold  public  meetings  for  devotion  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  Governor,  or  at  any  other  time  than  the 
usual  Sundays  and  holidays,  and  in  public  churches, 
without  his  permission ;  and  then  always  under  the 
guidance,  and  upon  the  responsibility  of  tlie  qualified  con- 
sistory of  that  community.  Tliese  regulations  were  only 
repealed  by  Ordinance  7  of  1813,  and  hence  the  curious 
proviso  wc  shall  presently  meet  with  in  notices  of  Divine 
service,  that  "  Service  will  be  held  by  permission  of  Ilis 
Excellency  tlic  Governor." 


English  Chiu'cJi  History  in  South  Africa. 


CHAPTER    II. 

From  the  Capture  of  the  Cape  in  1806  to  May,  1807. 
Clercjij. 

Rev.  D.  Griffiths,  Feb.— April,  1806. 

Rev.  Robert  Jones,  B.A.,  Jan.,  1807— Feb.,  1807. 

There  is  an  interesting  notice  of  the  taking  of  the  Cape  in 
the  life  of  Henry  Martyn,  who  was  a  passenger  to  India  in 
a  ship  of  the  armament  by  which  the  Colony  was  taken. 
The  fleet  consisted  of  nearly  seventy  vessels  convoying  an 
army  of  more  than  six  thousand  men  :  yet  this  large  force 
was  without  an  official  Chaplain,  and  Martyn  relates  that 
wLen  a  Portuguese  gentleman  at  S.  Salvador  asked  him  if 
the  soldiers  had  a  Minister  to  attend  them  in  their  dying 
moments,  to  instruct  and  to  administer  consolation,  he 
hardly  knew  what  to  say  to  explain  such  neglect.  Martyn 
landed  and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Blaauwberg  (January 
8,  1806),  and  ministered  to  tlie  wounded  on  the  field.  "  I 
prayed,"  he  says,  "  that  the  capture  of  the  Cape  might  be 
ordered  to  the  advancement  of  Christ's  Kingdom,  and  that 
England  might  show  herself  great  indeed  by  sending  forth 
the  Ministers  of  her  Church  to  diffuse  the  gosj)el  of  peace." 
He  remained  in  Capetown  for  about  a  month,  holding  ser- 
vices on  Sundays  at  his  lodgings  for  the  cadets  and  pas- 
sengers, and  visiting  the  hospital.  Being  called  upon  to 
officiate  at  a  funeral,  the  service  "  was  likely  to  have  mot 
with  an  interruption  by  my  having  neglected  to  bring  the 
Prayer-Book  with  me ;  in  the  utmost  confusion  I  sent  to 
all  the  English  families,  but  none  could  be  found,  and  so  I 
went  to  the  church,  whore,  through  ignorance  of  the  proper 
ceremonies,  the  corpse  had  arrived  before  mo,  and  began  the 


8        English  Church  Hisfojy  in  Sonth  Africa. 

service  without  a  Prayer-Book,  and  read  the  jisalms  and 
lessons  from  my  Bible.  At  this  critical  moment,  while 
the  body  was  putting  into  the  grave,  Mr.  Ivcad  [the  L.M.S. 
Missionary],  who  had  been  running  about  to  get  a  book, 
put  one  into  my  hand  without  anyone  perceiving  it, 
and  thus  the  whole  service  went  on  with  propriety  and 
decorum."  * 

By  the  eighth  article  of  the  capitulation  it  was  agreed 
that  jDublic  worship)  as  then  in  use  should  be  maintained 
•without  alteration.  This  agreement  was  faithfully  kept, 
the  Englisli  Government  not  only  maintaining  but  extending 
the  Dutch  Church  establishment ;  though  for  the  large 
military  force  stationed  in  the  Colony,  and  for  the  increasing 
number  of  English  inhabitants,!  but  little  spiritual  provi- 
sion w^as  made  by  either  the  English  Church  or  State.  This 
may  have  been  partly  because  it  was  for  some  time  doubtful 
whether  England  would  retain  the  Caj^e ;  indeed,  it  was 
not  until  1814  that  the  Colony  was  definitely  ceded  by  tlie 
Netherlands  to  the  British  Crown,  the  convention  being 
ratified  the  following  year  at  the  Congress  of  Vienna. 

In  February,  180G,  the  Eev.  D.  Griffiths  arrived  at  the 
Capo  as  Garrison  Chaplain,  and  the  earliest  volume  of 
registers,  now  in  8.  George's,  Capetown,  dates  from  this 
time.  It  is  a  manuscript  folio,  witli  the  written  title-page, 
"A  Kegister  of  Christenings,  Marriages,  and  Deaths  at 
Capetown,  commencing  from  tlie  7th  of  February,  Anno 
Domini,  180G,  kept  by  the  Rev.  D.  Griffiths."  J 


♦  Sftrgent'8  "  Life  of  Ilonry  iMiirlyn." 

t  The  n<l(h-eH.s  presented  by  tlie  Briti^li  inliahitiuits  to  Sir  1).  liuiij 
on  lii.s  dei)arture  in  signed  by  thirty-live  iiilhienliiil  civili.in.s  in  Cn])e- 
town. — Life  of  Sir  D.  Biiird,  ii.  17(j. 

X  Tlic  baptisms  during  tlic  three  numths  of  jNIr.  (iriflitlis'  minis- 
trations occu]»y  ten  jinges,  and  are  filty-live  in  number,— many  of  the 
names  being  those  of  Dutch  families,  i)p.  3-13,  continued  again  on 
]).  205.  Marriages,  p.  T^S,  continued  on  p.  17o.  Burials,  \).  liiT,  only 
three  in  number. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.        9 

Tlie  Dutch  Cliurch,  as  on  a  former  occasion,  soon  rose  np 
against  an  infringement  of  what  they  seem  to  have  con- 
sidered their  monopoly.  On  March  3rd,  1806,  the  Dutch 
Minister  in  Capetown,  Mr.  van  Manger,  brought  to  the 
notice  of  his  Kerkraad  that  the  Chaplain  to  the  Forces  had 
baptized  several  adults  and  infants  not  belonging  to  the 
garrison.  The  Kerkraad  thereuj)on  complained  to  the  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, Sir  D.  Baird  (letter  dated  25th  March), 
of  this  breach  "  of  the  custom  which  has  always  prevailed 
in  these  parts,  that  each  clergyman  should  confine  his  minis- 
trations to  the  members  of  his  own  congregation."  IMr. 
Griffiths,  in  reply,  stated  that  he  had  baptized  these  persons 
because  the  "  Cape  Clergy  refused  to  do  so  unless  the  adults 
could  read  and  write."  The  Consistory,  on  the  contrary, 
affirm  that  they  had  only  insisted  that  no  one  could  be  a 
Christian  without  knowing  the  chief  doctrines  of  Chris- 
tianity, and  that  no  adult  ought  be  baptized  until  he  has 
made  a  profession  of  faith.  They  quote  Archbishop  Tillot- 
son  to  prove  that  this  is  the  teaching  of  the  English  Church 
no  less  than  of  the  Dutch,  and  indeed  is  a  principle  of  the 
Gospel  itself,  since  the  command  is  that  we  should  first 
teach  and  then  baptize.  They  hint  tLat  the  Chaplain  had 
been  impelled  by  mercenary  motives,  and  ask  whether  he  is 
to  be  considered  as  Garrison  Chaplain  or  as  a  general  Colo- 
nial Minister,  and  whether  the  regulation  that  Ministers 
shall  confine  their  ministrations  to  their  own  congregations 
is  still  to  continue  in  force.*  Sir  D.  Baird  closed  the  cor- 
respondence on  April  4th,  by  stating  that  it  shall  be  notified 
to  the  Garrison  Chaplain  that  he  is  not  to  infringe  the 
colonial  customs,  but  to  confine  the  exercise  of  his  religious 


*  This  correspondence  may  be  seen  in  Dutch  (though  with  a 
suppression  of  names)  in  the  Z.  A.  Tijdschrift  for  1830,  vol.  7,  p.  57. 
I  have  been  enabled  to  verify  facts  and  dates  by  reference  to  tlio 
original  documents  in  the  archives  of  the  Dutch  Church,  Capetown. 


lO      English  CJnircJi  History  in  South  Africa. 

functions  to  the  garrison  and  to  the  Britisli  inhabitants,  or 
to  such  others  only  as  wish  to  join  the  English  Church 
upon  conviction. 

It  may  have  been  in  consequence  of  this  controversy  that 
Mr.  Griffiths  left  the  Cape  early  in  April,*  his  last  entry  in 
the  registry  being  dated  April  7th ;  and  until  January  16th, 
1807,  there  was  no  English  clergyman  resident  in  the 
Colony ;  but  at  the  j^articular  solicitation  of  the  Major- 
General  commanding-in-chief,  the  Lutheran  Minister,  Mr. 
Hesse,  consented  to  act  as  Garrison  Chaplain,  and  to  perform 
divine  service  for  the  troops.-f  Mr.  Hesse  ke^jt  a  private 
record  of  baptisms,  which  were  afterwards  copied  into  the 
register  by  the  next  ChapLain,  Mr.  Jones.J 

An  important  alteration  in  the  marriage  law  of  the  Colony 
was  made  at  this  time.  Under  the  regulations  issued  by  the 
Batavian  Government  (20th  September,  1804),  marriages 
might  be  solemnized  in  the  country  districts  by  the  Courts 
of  Landdrost  and  lieemradcn  ;  and  these  regulations  having 
been  adopted  in  Cai^etown,  by  a  resolution  of  the  Dutch 
Governor  and  Council  (3rd  January,  1805),  it  had  become 
customary  for  marriages  to  be  solemnized  by  a  Lay  Matri- 
monial Court,  without  any  ceremony  by  a  clergyman,  or 

*  Probably  with  the  expedition  which  sailed  on  April  13tb,  muh-r 
command  of  Sir  H.  Popham  and  IMajor-GeneruI  Beresfbrd,  against 
Buenos  Ayrcs.     See  "  Life  of  Sir  D.  Baird." 

t  Extract  from  General  Orders,  Gth  INIay,  180G,  signed  by  G.  B. 
Tucker,  Dep.-Adj.-General,in  Gazette  of  10th  INIay. 

X  "  Bapti.sms  during  tlie  time  no  English  clergyman  was  at  the 
Cape,  Mr.  llcsse,  Lutheran  priest,  ofliciating"  11th  ^lay,  180G,  to  18th 
January,  1807,  "  copied  by  me  from  mcmnrandums  given  to  me  by  Mr. 
Hesse. — II.  Jones,  Garrison  Chuplain,  INIarch  14,  1807."  "No  me- 
morandum of  deatlis  hns  been  kept  l)y  Mr.  Hesse  during  the  period  of 
hi.s  ofTu-iatirig  as  Garrison  Chaplain.  No  account  of  the  diflferent 
ihaths  that  take  place  in  the  army  is  recpiisite  to  be  kejit  in 
this  register,  as  they  will  be  correctly  found  in  the  books  of  the 
difVcrent  regiments." 


EnglisJi  Church  History  in  South  Africa.       ii 

the  assistance  of  the  Church  being  in  any  manner  required.* 
Sir  D.  Baird,  having  taken  the  matter  into  serious  consider- 
ation, and  "  reflecting  that  in  all  civilised  countries  where 
the  Christian  religion  is  professed  and  respected,  the 
marriage  ceremony  is  justly  reckoned  a  holy  institution, 
connected  with  the  sacred  principles  of  religion,  and  not 
(as  these  regulations  would  infer)  a  mere  civil  contract,"  by 
proclamation  (20th  April,  1806)  prohibited  any  such  lay 
courts  from  performing  the  marriage  ceremony,  and  required 
all  marriages  to  be  performed,  as  before  the  regulations 
were  issued,  by  an  ordained  clergyman  or  minister  of  the 
Gospel. 

The  Eev.  Eobert  Jones,  B.A.,  arrived  in  the  Colony  with 
the  newly-appointed  Lieutenant-Governor,  Hon.  General 
Grey,  on  January  16th,  1807,  and  was  Garrison  Chaplain 
during  that  year ;  his  entries  in  the  register  beginning  on 
January  21st.  From  this  time  the  use  of  the  Dutch  Church 
was  granted  for  the  celebration  of  the  English  services, 
which  were  held  on  Sunday  mornings  at  half-past  eleven  ; 
except  when  the  Holy  Communion  was  administered  in  the 
Dutch  Church,  when  the  English  service  did  not  begin 
till  half-past  twelve. "f  It  was  not  until  1813  that  the  Con- 
sistory allowed  their  bells  to  be  rung  for  the  English 
service.  The  Church  continued  to  be  used  by  the  English 
congregation  until  the  oj)ening  of  S.  George's  in  1834. 

In  May,  1807,  the  Earl  of  Caledon  assumed  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  Colony,  and  the  title  of  Ordinary  was  again 
added  to  the  official  designation,  although  on  the  only 
occasion  upon  which  the  exercise  of  this  jurisdiction  was 

*  A  curious  instance  of  the  reaction  from  this  lax  state  of  things 
occurs  in  April,  1807,  when  a  couple  was  married  on  tlic  13th  by  the 
Eev.  Mr.  Jones,  the  English  Chaplain,  and  a  second  time  on  ^^unday, 
the  19th,  by  the  Kev.  Mr.  van  Manger,  the  Dutch  Minister. 

t  We  sometimes  meet  with  notices  of  the  poatponcment  of  a  play 
advertised  for  Soturday  niglit,  in  consequincc  of  the  next  doy  being  a 
"  Communion  Day,"  e.g.,  -Ith  July,  1807. 


12      English  CJiuych  History  in  Sonth  Africa. 

called  for — tlic  removal  of  a  Chaplain  of  the  Forces  in 
1810 — the  order  was  issued  by  the  Commander  of  the 
Forces,  General  Grey.  The  authority  for  the  use  of 
this  title,  which  continued  to  be  used  by  all  subsequent 
Governors  until  the  aiipointment  of  Sir  G.  Grey  in  1854, 
appears  in  most  cases  somewhat  doubtful.  The  instructions 
to  Lord  C.  Somerset  (3rd  November,  1813)  contained  these 
words : — "  It  is  our  will  and  pleasure  that  you,  or  in  your 
absence,  our  Lieutenant-Governor,  or  the  person  for  the 
time  being  having  the  government  of  the  said  settlement, 
shall  have  the  power  of  collating  to  benefices,  granting 
licences  for  marriage  and  probates  of  will,  commonly  called 
the  office  of  Ordinary.  But  it  is  our  express  will  and 
pleasure,  and  you  are  hereby  directed  and  required  not  to 
grant  deputations  for  the  exercise  of  the  said  powers  to  any 
person  or  persons  whatsoever  in  the  said  settlement  under 
your  government."  This  was  repeated  in  almost  the  same 
words  in  the  instructions  to  Sir  Lowry  Cole  in  1828  ;  but  it 
is  not  in  the  instructions  of  any  Governor  since  that  time. 
An  oflficial  report  of  the  regulations  of  the  Colony,  for- 
warded to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies  (June, 
1 847)  states  that  "  with  respect  to  the  English  Church  the 
Governor  was,  hi  the  absence  of  a  BhJioj),  e.c  ojjlcio  the 
Ordinary."  In  this  case  the  title  should  have  been  discon- 
tinued immediately  on  the  arrival  of  Bisliop  Gray ;  whereas 
we  find  it  continued  by  Sir  H.  Smitli  and  even  by  his 
successor,  Sir  G.  Catlicart,  though  appointed  after  tlie  crea- 
tion of  tlie  See.  Judge  Watermcyer*  was  of  opinion  that 
the  title  had  been  continued  in  the  proclamations  from  the 
earlier  date  without  any  authority. 

*  lt<])ort  of  Long  ca«o,  p.  134. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      13 


CHAPTER  III. 

1808-1811. 

Clercjy. 

Eev.  Robert  Jones,  B.A.,  Jan.,  1807— Feb.,  1817. 
Laurence  Hynes  Halloran,  D.D.,  Nov.,  1807 — June,  1810. 

The  next  three  years  are  rendered  notorious  by  the  career 
of  a  remarkable  clerical  inij)ostor.  This  was  a  person 
styling  himself  the  Eev.  Dr.  Halloran,  who,  though  it  was 
afterwards  discovered,  not  in  Holy  Orders  at  all,  was  for 
three  years  Chaplain  to  the  Forces  in  Capetown,  and  exer- 
cised all  the  functions  of  a  priest.  Born  at  Eatoath  in 
Ireland,  in  1765,  he  had,  from  his  twentieth  to  his  thirty- 
second  year,  kept  a  school  near  Exeter,  which  was  in  very 
great  repute,  and  at  which  Sir  E.  Gifford,  afterwards 
Solicitor- General,  was  one  of  his  pupils.  He  asserted  that 
he  had  been  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  Ossory,  and  in 
November,  1797,  was  appointed  Chaplain  of  H.M.S. 
La  Fomjpee,  under  Admiral  Vashon,  a  post  which  he  held 
until  October,  1798.  In  1799  he  was  an  unsuccessful  can- 
didate for  the  mathematical  mastership  at  Christ's  Hospital, 
and  in  July,  1800,  he  obtained  the  degree  of  Doctor  in 
Divinity  by  diploma  from  King's  College,  Aberdeen ;  hono- 
rary degrees  being  at  that  time  granted  by  the  Scotch 
Universities  in  a  very  loose  manner,  usually  upon  the  simple 
recommendation  of  two  persons  known  to  some  members  of 
the  Senate.* 


*  I  am  indebted  to  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Anderson,  Assistant  Eogistrar 
of  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  for  the  following  extract  from  the  MS. 


14      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

Halloran  next  ajipcars  coiuliictiiig  for  a  sliort  time  a 
Kaval  trainiug  school  iu  Scotland  Yard,  imdcr  tlio  patronage 
of  the  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty.  During  the  years 
1802-1803  he  was  at  the  Hague  in  Holland,  and  in  June, 
1803,  was  appointed  Chaplain  and  Secretary  to  Admiral  Lord 
Kortliesk  on  board  H.M.S.  Britannia.  In  that  capacity  he 
M'as  present  at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar,*  and  commemorated 
the  glories  of  that  victory  and  the  death  of  Nelson  in  a 
poem  of  some  merit.  During  part  of  the  j^ears  180G-1807 
he  resided  at  Bath,  where  he  introduced  himself  to  the 
notice  of  the  Rev.  E-ichard  AVarner,  then  in  sole  charge  of 
the  j)arish  of  St.  James,  Bath,  who,  in  his  "  Literary  Recollec- 
tions," gives  the  following  account  of  this  period  of  Halloran's 
career: — "I  had  observed  among  my  auditors  a  gentleman 
of  striking,  but  not  prepossessing  appearance.  From  his 
garb  I  suj)posed  him  to  be  a  clergyman.  His  large  black 
eye  was  intelligent  but  fierce  ;  and  not  rendered  less  so  by 
the  broad  brow  of  the  same  hue,  which  surmounted  it.  His 
strongly  marked  features  indicated  capacity  of  mind  and 
force  of  understanding ;  but  there  existed  no  trait  among 
tliera  that  could  allure  to  confidence  or  excite  esteem  .  .  . 
He  came  to  Bath  and  settled  in  my  parish  for  the  sake  of  an 
invalided  member  of  his  family,  and  was  very  desirous  to 

records,  vol.  xiv.  p.  18  : — "  King's  College,  2G  July,  1800.  Convened 
the  principal,  Sir  Ak-x.  Bainiorman,  Dr.  IMaci^herson,  and  Mr,  Scott. 
Said  day  the  University  conferred  the  degree  of  Dr.  in  Divinity  upon 
the  llev.  Tiawrencc  Hyncs  Halloran,  clergyman  of  tlic  Church  of 
England,  who.sc  moral  character  and  literary  qualifications  were 
certified  by  llev.  Drs.  Crowtlier  and  Ellicombc,  beneficed  clergymen  in 
Devonshire,  and  several  other  respectable  clergymen,  and  ordered 
a  diploma  to  Ijo  signed  accordingly.  —  (Signed)  Hod"*.  Maclcod, 
Princ'." 

*  He  told  Mr.  "Warner  that  "  the  commander  of  tlie  ship  requested 
liim  to  repeat  the  word  of  command  through  a  speaking  trumpet 
•  hiring  the  engagement:  an  office  for  wliieh  Halloran  was  well 
qualified,  from  the  extraordinary  strength  and  clearness  of  his  voice." 
— Warner's  "Literary  Ivccollcctions"  (1830),  vol.  ii.  p.  298,  note. 


English  Church  Historj  in  South  Africa.       15 

ligliten  the  labours  of  the  parochical  minister,  as  well  as  to 
exercise  the  functions  of  his  own  sacred  profession  ...  I 
accepted  his  offer  and  requested  him  to  fill  my  pulpit  on  the 
ensuing  Sunday  morning.  The  congregation  were  charmed. 
The  Doctor's  voice  was  magnificent,  his  delivery  energetic, 
his  sermon  admirable.  He  continued  to  assist  me  in  my 
parochial  duties,  and  I  found  him  to  be  a  man  of  consider- 
able scholarship  and  great  general  information.  His  fame 
as  a  reader  and  preacher  echoed  through  Bath ;  and  the 
late  Archdeacon  and  Eector  of  Bath,  Dr.  Phillott,  requested 
me  to  introduce  him  to  this  clerical  prodigy.  I  did  so  ;  the 
Archdeacon  was  as  much  struck  as  myself  with  the  stranger, 
who  repeatedly  displayed  his  oratorical  powers  from  the 
pulpit  of  the  Abbey  Church."*  After  some  time,  however, 
the  Archdeacon  heard  that  their  powerful  ally  was  an 
impostor,  and  had  never  taken  orders.  On  being  challenged 
to  produce  his  letters  of  orders,  Halloran  could  show 
nothing  more  than  papers  purporting  to  be  for  deacon's 
orders  only.  Being  thus  detected  he  suddenly  quitted  Bath, 
leaving,  it  is  said,  certain  unpleasant  memoranda  on  several 
tradesmen's  books. 

He  then  obtained  the  appointment  of  "  Chaplain  to  his 
Majesty's  Military  and  Naval  Forces  at  the  Cape,"  where 
lie  arrived  in  November,  1807,  superseding  Mr.  Jones,  who 
was  however,  upon  General  Grey's  representation,  allowed 
to  remain  and  assist  in  the  duties  of  the  camp  and  outposts 
at  Simonstown  and  Stellenbosch. 

In  January,  1808,  Halloran  opened  a  private  school  at  his 
residence.  No.  3,  Burg  Street,  and  in  February  introduced  a 
Sunday  Evening  Service,  notifying  to  the  residents  that 
under  the  sanction  of  the  Governor  and  by  permission  of 
the  Eeverend  the  Ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church  Divine 
Service  will   be   performed   every  Sunday  evening   at  six 

*  Ho  also  kept  a  school  on  Sion  Hill,  at  a  house  which  he  called 
Trafaljiar  House. 


1 6      English  CJnirch  History  in  South  Africa. 

o'clock ;  and  that  two  hours  every  Tuesday  and  Saturday 
afternoon  will  be  devoted  to  the  instruction  of  their  children 
in  the  princij^les  of  the  Christian  religion  and  the  Catechism 
of  the  Church  of  England,  at  the  Yestry  Koom  of  the 
Eeformed  Church.  He  also  states  that  an  accurate  register 
is  kept  of  christenings,  marriages,  and  funerals,  of  which 
an  authenticated  transcript  will  be  forwarded  annually  to 
Doctors'  Commons.  The  evening  service  was  not  a  success. 
The  author  of  a  now  somewhat  rare  pamphlet*  says  that 
Halloran,  "  though  he  was  in  the  pulpit  eloquent,  animated, 
and  impressive,  could  rarely  assemble  a  congregation  of 
twenty  persons  at  this  service ;  "  and  it  was  not  continued 
by  his  successors.  With  regard  to  registers,  it  is  remark- 
able that  the  volume  of  that  date  in  St.  George's  does  not 
contain  a  single  entry  by  Halloran  (though  the  Gazettes 
abound  in  advertisements  of  baptisms,  and  marriages 
solemnized  by  him),  the  only  entries  being  by  Mr.  Jones, 
who  signs  himself  "  Chaplain  to  the  Forces  encamped  and 
out-posts  ; "  sometimes,  "  Chaplain  of  Brigade."  It  would 
appear  from  this  that  Mr.  Jones  retained  the  custody  of  the 
original  register,  and  that  Halloran  kept  a  register  of  his 
own.  Indeed  from  the  very  first  there  seem  to  have  been 
gome  suspicious  or  grounds  of  disagreement  between  Jones 
and  Halloran :  a  letter  from  the  Eev.  J.  Gamble,  Chaplain- 
General  fGth  April,  1808),  states  that  the  Commander-in- 
Chief  had  written  to  General  Grey  that  Mr.  Jones  might 
receive  pay  for  the  time  he  had  acted,  but  that  ho  could  not 
be  continued  in  Capetown,  but  was  aj^pointed  to  the  camj)s 
and  out-posts,  and  that  his  interference  witli  Dr.  Halloran 
should  be  put  a  stop  to. 

In  May,  1808,  Halloran  published,  for  gratuitous  distri- 
bution, a  sei-mon  prcaclied  by  him  "  before  the  British  Army 
at   the    Cape,  on   the   guilt   of   dishonesty   in   its   various 

*  "State  of  the;  Cajic  of  Good  Hope  in  1822,"  by  AV.  "NVilhc-rforeo 
13ird,  Escj.,  thougli  he  has  not  given  \i\a  name  to  it. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.       17 

degrees,  on  its  usual  incentives,  and  present  and  future 
punisliment," — a  subject  upon  which  we  shall  see  he  was 
qualified  to  speak  with  the  authority  of  personal  experience. 
Another  sermon,  preached  by  him  on  the  death  of  Nelson, 
was,  at  the  special  request  of  several  respectable  inhabi- 
tants, translated  into  Dutch  and  published.  Halloran 
seems  to  have  been  popular  with  the  civilians  in  Capetown, 
for  in  December,  1808,  when  some  differences  arose  between 
him,  the  Governor,  and  the  Admiral,  thirty-six  inhabitants, 
members  of  the  English  Church,  testify  that  he  had  dis- 
charged all  the  professional  duties  of  Colonial  Chaplain  for 
the  civil  inhabitants  by  regularly  performing  divine  service 
twice  every  Sunday,  by  due  administration  of  the  sacra- 
ments, by  visiting  the  sick,  burying  the  dead,  in  the  most 
exemplary,  impressive,  and  edifying  manner,  highly  credit- 
able to  himself  and  equally  beneficial  and  satisfactory  to  the 
congregation,  who  therefore  earnestly  solicit  that  he  may  be 
continued  as  their  Minister.  The  following  Christmas 
(1809)  they  presented  him  with  £75  for  the  purchase  of  a 
piece  of  plate  "  as  a  testimony  of  the  high  respect  and 
regard  for  his  character  and  conduct,  and  of  their  grateful 
sense  of  his  zeal  and  exertions  for  the  promotion  of  religion 
in  this  Colony.-' 

In  May,  1810,  he  was  appointed  by  the  School  Com- 
mission, 'Rector  Gymnasii,  or  Principal  of  the  classical  school 
in  Capetown,  for  a  period  of  three  years,  at  a  stipend  of  £75, 
and  £45  for  house  allowance.  On  this  occasion  he  issued  an 
advertisement  referring  the  public  for  his  abilities  and 
attention  as  a  teacher  to  the  progress  made  by  those  pupils 
who  have  already  been  upon  his  private  establishment,  and 
adds  that  "ho  feels  a  conscious  and  he  trusts  a  laudable 
pride  in  alleging  that  of  the  former  students  whom  he 
educated  in  England,  several  at  this  period  fill  high  and 
honourable  situations  in  their  respective  professions,  whose 
names  he  has  the  gratification  to  observe  not  unfrequently 
mentioned  in  the  public  prints  as  deserving  well  of  their 

0 


1 8      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

country."  His  emoluments  at  this  time  were  estimated  as 
amounting  altogether  to  £1,200  a  year. 

But  Dr.  Halloran's  successful  career  of  imposture  was 
drawing  to  a  close — at  least  in  South  Africa.  At  the  begin- 
ning of  1810  a  duel  had  taken  place  between  Halloran's 
intended  son-in-law,  Capt.  Eyan,  and  Paymaster  Pat  alio, 
both  of  the  93rd  Ecgiment,  when  the  latter  was  wounded. 
Capt.  Kyan  and  his  second  were  brought  to  a  court-martial 
by  order  of  General  Grey,  and  as  the  only  barrister  in  the 
Colony  was  retained  for  the  prosecution.  Dr.  Halloran  wrote 
their  defence.  The  appearance  of  Kyan's  antagonist  and  his 
second  as  witnesses  before  the  court-martial  excited  somo 
indignation,  which  was  so  strongly  felt  by  Halloran  that, 
on  Mr.  Patullo  being  proposed  as  a  member  of  the  Harmony 
Club,  he  wrote  to  the  Committee  (11th  June,  1810),  with 
warm  expressions  of  censure  towards  Mr.  Patullo,  and  with- 
drew his  name  from  the  Society. 

General  Grey,  considering  Halloran's  interference  as 
inconsistent  with  the  character  of  a  clergyman,  as  likely  to 
promote  discord  in  the  army,  and  as  a  defiance  of  his  autho- 
rity and  endeavours  to  suppress  duelling,  marked  his  dis- 
approbation by  ordering  Halloran  to  remove  from  Capetown 
to  the  out-rxuartcrs  at  Simonstown.  This  letter  was  received 
on  the  day  upon  which  Halloran  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
'Rector  Gjjmiiafiii,  and  not  choosing  to  give  up  this  lucrative 
office  he  resigned  his  Military  Chaplaincy  until  His 
Majesty's  pleasure  should  be  known.  He  still  claimed,  how- 
ever, to  be  a  Naval  Chaplain,  having  been  appointed  Cliaplain 
to  the  Lcnjmrd  as  long  as  tliat  vessel  was  on  this  station, 
and  signified  his  intention  of  applying  for  the  use  of  a 
church  or  chapel  in  which  to  perform  Divine  service  for 
the  Naval  Department  and  civil  inhabitants.*    The  civilians 

*  In  thi.s  it  would  appear  lie  was  surrcssful,  for  notices  of  baptism.s 
solemnized  ]»y  liim,  generally  on  Sundays,  are  found  in  the  (iazetto 
until  the  end  of  September.  It  would  prohidjly  bo  during  thia  period 
that  he  preached  his  famous  sermon — the  tradition  of  wLicli  btill 


English  CJuirch  History  in  South  Africa.       19 

also  i^etitionecl  tlie  Governor  tliat  Halloran  might  be  con- 
tinued in  Capetown,  but  tbe  request  was  refused  on  the 
I)lea  that  it  would  interfere  with  General  Grey's  arrange- 
ments. 

After  a  warm  altercation  Halloran  finally  gave  vent  to 
his  anger  in  a  series  of  libellous  poems  and  scurrilous 
anonymous  letters,  signed  "  Toby  Tickle,"  in  which  the 
General  was  accused  of  various  acts  of  tyranny  and  im- 
morality. On  the  30th  July  (1810)  General  Grey  asked 
the  Governor  for  a  public  Crown  prosecution  of  Halloran 
for  libel,  and  the  Fiscal,  Mr.  (afterwards  Sir  John)  Truter, 
was  directed  to  institute  legal  proceedings  before  the  High 
Court  of  Justice  against  Dr.  Halloran  for  writing,  com- 
posing, and  publishing  infamous  libels*  against  the  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor of  the  Colony.  The  High  Court  of  Justice 
was  a  survival  from  the  days  of  Dutch  East  Indian  rule, 
remodelled  by  the  English  Government.  It  consisted  of 
seven  burghers,  chosen  from  the  most  respectable  inhabi- 
tants of  the  town,  with  salaries  attached  to  their  office. 
The  Fiscal  or  Public  Prosecutor  and  the  Secretary  of  the 
Court  were  supposed  to  possess  legal  knowledge ;  the  latter 
pointed  out  what  the  law  was,  and  judgment  was  passed  by 
a  majority.  The  proceedings  were  always  conducted  with 
closed  doors ;  there  was  no  oral  pleading  or  confronting  the 
accused  with  witnesses;  the  evidence  was  taken  down  on 
oath  before  two  commissioners,  and  afterwards  read  to  the 

lingers  in  Capetown— from  the  text  2  Tim.  iv.  14,  "  Alexander  the 
coppersmith  did  me  much  evil ;  the  Lord  reward  him  according  to  his 
■works ;"— Alexander  being  the  family  name  of  Lord  Calcdon,  whoso 
relation,  Mr.  H,  Alexander,  was  also  at  the  time  Colonial  Secretary. 

*  The  libels  complained  of  consisted  of  a  poem  entitled  Bughear 
Ko.  1,  or  Hamilton's  Ghost,  founded  on  the  circumstances  of  a  suicide 
for  which  General  Grey  was  alleged  to  have  been  to  blame ;  a  ballad 
entitled  TJie  Grey  Friar  of  Northumberland  and  the  Frail  Nun  of 
S.  Austin,  being  a  parody  on  Alonzo  the  Brave,  &c. ;  and  a  satiric  poem 
called  Ca2-)(e)-ahiUties.  They  display  no  small  amount  of  keen  but 
virulent  talent. 


20      English  CJinrcJi  History  in  Sonth  Africa. 

Court.     An  appeal  lay  to  the  Governor,  assisted  by  asses- 
sors, and  in  criminal  cases  this  appeal  was  final.* 

Before  this  Court  Halloran  appeared  on  August  9th.  He 
I)rotested  against  its  jurisdiction  on  the  ground  of  its  being 
a  Dutch  Court,  and  incompetent  to  judge  of  an  English 
poem,  and  appealed  to  the  King  in  Council.  He  also 
claimed  to  be  Chaplain  to  a  ship  of  war  "  with  j^erpetual 
leave  of  absence,"  and  as  such  to  be  tried  by  court-martial. 
Part  of  his  defence  consisted  in  abuse  of  Mr.  Jones,  whom 
he  accuses  of  being  a  deserter  from  tlie  Eoyal  Navy,  a  cock- 
fighter,  a  horse-racer  ;  he  asserts  that  the  men  of  the  83rd 
Eegiment  had  the  greatest  objection  to  any  religious  cere- 
mony being  performed  by  Mr.  Jones,  and  constantly  aj^plied 
to  him  (Halloran)  for  his  services.  He  also  wrote  to  Sir 
D.  Dundas,  then  Commander-in-Chief  in  England,  enclosing 
certificates  alleging  sundry  charges  against  Mr.  Jones.  One 
from  the  Clerk  to  the  Chaplain  of  Brigade  states  that  in  the 
administration  of  baptism  Mr.  Jones  "  omits  every  part  of 
the  ceremony  prescribed  by  the  ritual  except  the  prayer  con- 
secratory  of  the  water,  and  the  baptismal  formula,  and 
that  he  had  deputed  the  Clerk  to  bury  the  dead."  Another 
states  that  at  Stellcnbosch  Mr.  Jones  had  omitted  four  of 
the  commandments  and  afterwards  joked  witli  tlie  ofiicers  at 
mess  on  the  subject ;  wliile  Mr.  John  Osmond  testifies  that 
on  one  occasion  upon  arriving  at  Simonstown  just  in  time 
for  service  Mr.  Jones  boasted  in  very  profane  language  that 
he  liad  ridden  from  Capetown  in  two  hours  and  twenty 
minutes. t 

*  The  members  of  the  "  Anglo-Batavian  "  Court  at  tlio  trial  were 
D.  S.  van  Ry  no  vol  (I  (Prcsidciit)  ;  IMcssr.s.  IMiitliioscn,  Slrul)l)crp:,  Flock, 
r.  J.  Truter,  Diomfl,  mid  W.  Iliddin^'h  ;  J.  A.  Triitor,  Fi.^cnl ;  ]?(!laarts 
van  Bloklund,  Secretary.  The  Governor's  assessors  in  tlio  Appeal 
Court  were  II.  Alcxiindcr,  Colonial  Secretary,  and  G.  Kekewieh, 
Surrogate  Judge  of  the  Admiralty  Court. 

t  In  another  letter  IIalU)ran  says  that  "  General  Grey's  si)iritual 
director  (liimself  the  essence  of  evangelical  purity)  rcsemhlea  too 
much  the  ])dil  maitre  Clergyman  of  Cowj)er  to  he  ca]»al)le  of  the 
uncourticr-like  rudeness  'ever  to  mention  hell  to  ears  indite.'" 


English  CJutrcJi  History  in  South  Africa.       2i 

The  proceedings  in  the  High  Court  dragged  on  their 
weary  length  for  three  months.  On  the  8th  November 
Halloran  delivered  his  defence  in  person.  He  does  not 
deny  the  charges,  but  endeavours  to  extenuate  his  conduct 
by  charging  General  Grey  with  tyranny  and  injustice, 
j)leading  that  Mr.  Jones  while  Chaplain  to  the  outposts,  had 
been  allowed  to  reside  in  Capetown,  but  that  lie  had  been 
ordered  to  withdraw  to  Simonstown,  on  the  very  day  on 
which  he  began  his  duties  as  Eector  of  the  Latin  School, 
because  the  General  wished  to  ruin  him.  He  gives  his 
name  as  Laurence  Halloran,*  Clerk,  Doctor  of  Divinity, 
and  Chaplain ;  born  at  Ratoath,  in  Ireland,  and  now  in  his 
forty-fifth  year. 

He  was  found  guilty,  and  the  sentence  of  the  court,  pro- 
nounced on  December  13th,  was,  for  the  libel,  to  be  banished 
the  Colony,  and  to  pay  the  costs  :  and  for  his  disrespectful 
conduct  to  the  court  during  the  trial,  to  be  fined  fifty  dollars 
(£3  15s.),  and  to  be  imprisoned  until  there  was  an  oppor- 
tunity of  sending  him  out  of  the  Colony.  The  execution  of 
this  sentence  was  deferred  pending  an  appeal  which  was 
dismissed  by  the  Court  of  Appeal  (January  oOth,  1811), 
and  he  was  then  imprisoned.  He  addressed  memorials  and 
letters  |  to  Lord  Caledon,  praying  for  a  mitigation  of  his 
sentence.  The  English  residents  also  memorialised  the 
Governor  on  his  behalf  (4th  February,  1811),  and  presented 
Halloran  with  1200  dollars  (£90)  as  a  testimony  of  grati- 


*  His  full  name,  Laurence  Hynes  Halloran,  is  given  in  the  Gazette 
of  May,  1812,  wliich  contains  the  notices  of  sales  in  his  insolvent 
estate.  He  is  sometimes  spoken  of  as  O'Halloran,  but  lie  never  used 
the  O  himself,  and  during  his  career  at  the  Cape  his  name  invariably 
appears  simply  as  Laurence  Halloran, 

t  The  tone  of  his  letters  was  at  first  very  humble,  but  when  he 
found  that  they  were  of  no  avail  he  became  insolent.  In  one  letter  ho 
reproached  the  Earl  for  "  insulting  a  gentleman  whose  family  was  old 
and  reputable  in  Ireland  long  before  the  rice  was  planted  from  wiiich 
sprang  the  dishonourable  wealth  of  this  upstart  Caledon." 


22      English  Church  History  in  SoutJi  Africa. 

tmlc  and  esteem  for  the  important  benefits  wliicli  tliey  and 
their  families,  had  derived  from  his  professional  services. 
He  was,  however,  kept  in  prison  until  the  Gtli  March,  when 
he  was  sent  on  board  the  prize  frigate  La  3IancJie,  and 
reached  Portsmouth  in  May.  He  at  once  prayed  Lord 
Liverpool  for  redress,  but  Mr.  Peel  replies  that  the  con- 
sideration of  the  circumstances  must  be  postponed  until  the 
arrival  of  Lord  Caledon  and  General  Grey,  who  were  shortly 
expected  in  England.  His  ai^plicatious  to  the  Treasury  for 
the  free  jDassage  home  of  his  wife  and  family,  and  to  the 
Commander-in-Chief  for  the  trial  of  General  Grey  by  court- 
martial,  were  equally  unsuccessful,  and  he  then  published 
a  full  account  of  the  proceedings  at  the  Cape,  ajjpealing  to 
the  public  with  his  usual  vehemence  for  redress,  and  con- 
cluding with  a  scurrilous  "  epithalamium  on  a  recent 
marriage  in  high  life,"  namely,  that  of  Lord  Caledon. 

Meanwhile  it  had  become  known  that  Halloran  was  not 
in  Holy  Orders,  no  such  person  having  been  ordained  by 
the  Bishop  of  Ossory.  This  fact  excited  so  much  uneasiness 
that,  by  command  of  the  Prince  Pcgcnt,  the  opinion  of  the 
law  officers  of  the  Crown  was  taken  as  to  the  validity  of 
the  marriages  solemnized  by  him.*  The  opinion,  dated 
Doctors'  Commons,  18th  December,  1811,  and  published  in 
the  Cape  Gazette  of  29th  May,  1812,  was  as  follows : — 

*  I  have  botn  told  by  the  Capetown  Librarian,  Mr.  F.  ]Maskcw,  that 
Halloran  was  thought  to  have  destroyed,  before  his  conviction,  tlio 
registers  he  liad  kept;  and  that  in  consequence,  a  gcntkinan  (Mr. 
Proctor)  wlK)ia  he  had  baptized  was  nearly  losing  an  inherituncc  in 
England,  having  no  baptismal  certiflcate  to  produce,  had  not  a  well- 
known  oflicial,  Mr.  IMestaer,  who  had  been  present  at  the  baptism, 
made  an  affidavit  which  was  accepted  in  lieu  of  the  certificate.  The 
only  signature  of  Ilallomn's  I  liavc  met  with  is  in  the  St.  George's 
register  (Oct.  1810),  where  he  signs  as  one  of  the  witnesses  to  his 
daughter's  marriage  by  ^Ir.  Jones.  The  autogra})h  is  a  singularly 
good  one,  indeed  Mr.  Warner,  in  his  before-quoted  "  Literary  Recol- 
lections," says,  "  His  handwriting  was  the  most  beautiful  I  ever 
beheld." 


English  CImrch  History  in  South  Africa.      23 

"  May  it  please  tour  Lordship, 

"  We  are  honoured  with  your  Lordship's  letter 
of  the  23rd  ult"''',  referring  to  a  former  communication 
respecting  doubts  which  have  been  excited  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  on  the  validity  of  certain  marriages  solemnized 
there  by  a  person  styling  himself  Dr.  Halloran,  and 
signifying  the  commands  of  H.K.H.  the  Prince  Eegent  that 
we  should  state  our  opinion  on  the  validity  of  such  mar- 
riages, for  the  purpose  of  removing  any  doubts  that  may 
still  exist  and  quieting  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  thereon. 
In  obedience  to  your  Lordship's  directions  we  have  con- 
sidered the  same,  and  are  humbly  of  opinion,  in  all  the 
circumstances  of  the  case,  that  the  marriages  solemnized  at 
the  Cape  by  the  person  officiating  as  a  clergyman  under 
assumed  or  forged  orders  cannot  be  vitiated  or  invalidated 
in  any  manner  by  the  defect  of  the  Holy  Orders  of  Priest- 
hood imputed  to  him.     We  have  the  honour  to  be, 

"  C.  KOBINSON. 
«  P.  GiBBS. 

«'  T.  Plumer. 
"  The  Earl  op  Liverpool,  &c." 

In  the  meantime  Halloran  was  pursuing  a  career  of 
imposture  in  England  almost  as  successful  as  that  at  the 
Cape.  Under  a  borrowed  name  he  officiated  as  Curate  of 
the  parish  of  Wootton  Underedge  in  Gloucestershire. 
Here  he  was  detected  by  his  peculiar  manner  of  pronounc- 
ing the  word  hallowed  in  the  Lord's  Prayer; — hollowed 
instead  of  hallowed, — and  on  his  former  patron  at  Bath, 
Mr.  Warner,  proceeding  to  the  parish  for  the  purpose  of 
identifying  and  exposing  him,  it  was  found  that  he  had 
suddenly  decamped.  He  next  assumed  the  name  of  L. 
Blakeney,  A.M.,  and  was  curate  of  Thornden  and  Bedding- 
field  in  Suffolk  in  1813,  and  under  the  same  name  was  suc- 
cessively Curate  of  Lechladc  in  1814,  and  Curate  and 
Lecturer   of  Dursley  in  1815.      In   the  last   cajiacity  ho 


24      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

preacLed  and  j^ublisbcd  a  sermon  at  tlie  annual  visitation 
of  the  Deanery  of  Dursley  by  the  Archdeacon  of  Gloucester. 
Here  he  was  again  detected  by  a  visitor  from  Bath,  and  as 
he  soon  after  rendered  himself  obnoxious  by  his  propensity 
to  lampooning,  an  exposure  took  place  and  he  again  sud- 
denly disappeared.  This  clerical  Proteus,  next  appeared 
under  the  name  of  Holland  as  Curate  of  Warbleton  in, 
Sussex,  and  finally,  in  1817,  under  the  name  of  Gregory,  as 
Curate  of  Brosely  in  Shropshire.*  This  last  engagement 
proved  fatal  to  him,  for  though  it  is  said  he  was  highly 
valued  by  the  inhabitants,  he  became  on  unfriendly  terms 
wdth  his  rector.  Dr.  Townsend  Forrester,  who  accordingly 
laid  information  against  him  for  having  forged  the  signa- 
ture of  Sir  W.  Garrow,  M.P.,  as  a  frank  to  a  letter,  whereby 
the  post  office  revenue  was  defrauded  of  tenpence !  Upon 
this  charge  ho  was  indicted  at  the  Old  Bailey  in  September, 
1818,  as  Halloran  cdias  Gregory.  On  his  trial  he  persisted 
in  pleading  guilty,  because  he  said  the  only  j^erson  who 
could  establish  his  innocence  was  dead.  The  forgery  had 
been  committed  in  January,  1817,  and  he  observed  that  the 
charge  would  not  have  been  brought  against  him  but  for  a 
subsequent  quarrel  with  his  rector,  the  person  who  had 
received  the  letter,  and  who  had  been  the  promoter  of  this 
novel  prosecution,  the  first  under  the  statute.  Ho  was  sen- 
tenced to  seven  years'  transportation.  On  searching  his 
residence,  copper  plates  were  found  for  counterfeit  letters 
of  orders,  and  impressions  of  them  in  great  numbers,  some 
of  which  were  filled  uji  witli  the  necessary  official  names  for 
any  part  of  Kngland  :  lie  had  also  plates  and  blank  impres- 
sions for  AVales  and  Ireland.  The  Bishop  of  London 
obtained  from  him  a  complete  account  of  the  forgeries  ho 
had  practised,  and  Halloran,  when  taxed  with  these,  pleaded 
that  "if  the  means  were  wrong,  the  end  was  beneficial  and 

*  Haydn's  "Diet,  of  Dates"  (a.  v.  Tramjiortatlon)  says  lio  was  tutor 
to  the  Earl  of  Chcaterlicld  (George,  sixth  earl,  b.  IfclOo,  d.  1815). 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      25 

praiseworthy."  From  his  prison  in  Newgate  he  addressed 
a  memorial  to  Lord  Sidmouth  praying  for  a  mitigation  of 
his  sentence ;  he  also  published  a  poem,  Neivgate,  or  Desul- 
tory Shetclies  in  a  Prison,  which  he  dedicated  to  his  former 
puj)il,  Sir  E.  Gifford,  dated  Infirmary,  Newgate,  Nov.  6th, 
1818.  His  sentence  was,  however,  carried  into  effect,  and 
he  was  banished  to  New  South  Wales.  Here  he  established 
a  magazine,  and  produced  some  other  literary  works ;  but  he 
again  got  into  trouble  for  a  series  of  libellous  letters, 
signed  "  Aristides,"  in  the  Sydney  Gazette  of  1826.  He 
died  in  New  South  Wales,  8th  March,  1831.* 

*  Appendix  A. 


26      English  CJiurch  History  in  South  Africa. 


CHA.PTER  IV. 

lSll-1819. 

Clergy. 
Capetown. 


Colonial. 


Eev.  Robert  Jones,  Oct.  1811 

—Feb.  1817. 
Eev.    George    Hough,   Feb. 

1817—1847. 


Military. 
Eev.    M.    A.    Parker,    July, 

1811— Feb.  1813. 
Rev.    J.    S.   Hewett,   April, 

1815—1816. 
Eev.   N.   E.   Dennis,   April, 

1816— Dec.  1822. 

SlMONSTOWN. 

Eev.  George  Hough,  Sept.  1813— Feb.  1817. 
Eev.  Thomas  Ersldne,  Oct.  1818— Sept.  1819. 
Eev.  G.  W.  M.  Sturt,  Sept.  1819— Aug.  1830. 

It  has  already  been  stated  that,  during  the  career  of  the 
2)seudo  Dr.  Hallorau,  the  Eev.  R.  Jones  remained  at  the 
Cape  as  Chaphain  to  the  outposts.  He  officiated  as  Chap- 
lain to  the  Forces  in  Capetown  from  Halloran's  resigna- 
tion in  July,  1810,  until  the  arrival,  in  July,  1811,  of  the 
Eev.  M.  A.  Parker  as  Military  Chaplain ;  and  a  note  in  the 
register  records  that  it  was  delivered  over  by  Mr.  Jones 
to  Mr.  Parker  on  the  2nd  July,  1811,  and  kept  by  him 
subsequently  to  that  date. 

On  the  3rd  October,  1811,  the  Eev.  Eobert  Jones  *  was 


♦  There  is  some  douU  wlietlior  this  was  the  same  Rev.  R.  Jones  wlio 
had  been  in  the  Colony  since  1807.  The  signatures  in  the  register  do 
not  appear  to  be  the  same :  the  earlier  signs  R.  (sometimes  R.  E.) 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      2J 

appointed  by  the  Governor,  Sir  J.  F.  Cradock,  "  Cliaplain  to 
the  British  Colonial  Civil  Establishment,"  becoming  thus 
the  first  Colonial  Chaplain ;  and  kept  a  separate  register  of 
baptisms,  marriages,  and  burials,  which  is  also  in  St.  George's 
Cathedral.  Both  military  and  civil  still,  however,  met  for 
worship  in  the  Dutch  Church — the  two  Chaplains,  we  may 
suppose,  dividing  the  not  very  onerous  duties ;  and  as  much 
inconvenience  was  caused  by  the  officials  not  having  regular 
seats  allotted  to  them,  the  Governor,  at  Mr.  Jones'  request, 
personally  inspected  the  state  of  the  pews,  and  allotted  them 
according  to  a  table  of  strict  precedence,  ranging  through 
the  gradations  of  military,  naval,  and  civil  ranks,  from 
"H.E.  the  Governor"  down  to  "such  gentlemen  of  the 
civil  service  as  are  not  otherwise  provided  for."  *  His 
Excellency  also  directed  the  whole  of  the  pews  to  be 
numbered,  in  order  that  such  of  the  British  inhabitants  of 
the  town  as  wished  it  might  have  fixed  seats  appropriated 
for  them. 

In  1812  the  small-pox  appeared  at  the  Cape  and  raged 
for  a  time  with  such  virulence  that  all  public  places  were 


Jones,  "  the  later  always  Robert  Jones,"  and  in  a  more  delicate  hand. 
Then  there  is  no  occurrence  whatsoever  of  the  name  from  July,  when 
the  registers  were  handed  over  to  Mr.  Parker,  to  October  6th,  when 
Robert  Jones  began  to  keep  the  second  register.  Again,  the  characters 
of  the  two  men  seem  different.  It  is  diflicult  to  suppose  that  there 
was  no  ground  for  the  charges,  however  exaggerated,  brought  by 
Halloran  against  R.  Jones  of  profanity  and  indiifereuce ;  whereas 
Robert  Jones  was  distinguished  for  zeal,  especially  in  educational 
matters.  But  on  the  other  hand  I  can  trace  no  evidence  that  R.  Jones 
left  the  Colony  between  July  and  October.  The  newspaper  advertise- 
ments of  marriages  are  the  same  in  both  cases,  "by  the  Rev.  Mr.  R. 
Jones,"  and  it  seems  extremely  improbable,  that  in  those  days  of  few 
clergy  at  the  Cape,  two  should  have  borne  the  same  name,  especially 
since  there  was  another  Reverend  William  Jones,  B.  D.  Chaplain  to 
II. M.S.  i/on  on  the  station.  On  the  whole  I  incline  to  the  opinion 
that  it  is  one  and  the  same  Robert  Jones. 
*  Gazette,  2nd  November,  1811. 


28      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

closed,  and  even  divine  worsbij)  was  sus2)ended  in  all 
churches  from  the  17th  of  March  until  the  beginning  of  April. 
This  visitation,  following  upon  tLe  shocks  of  earthquakes 
in  1809  and  1811,  caused  great  alarm  and  produced  a 
considerable  imj^ression  upon  the  minds  of  many  of  the 
inhabitants,  leading  them,  it  is  said,  to  greater  diligence 
in  attending  and  promoting  religious  worship.  Sunday, 
October  11th,  was  directed  by  the  Governor  to  be  set  apart 
as  a  day  of  thanksgiving  "  for  the  speedy  termination  of  an 
evil  which  threatened  such  terrible  consequences."  It  was 
jirobably  as  an  act  also  of  Thanksgiving  that  the  Governor 
now  rej)ealed  a  law  of  the  Dutch  East  India  Company  which 
in  its  consequences  had  obstructed  the  progress  of  Chris- 
tianity. This  was  a  resolution  taken  by  the  Governor  in 
Council  at  Batavia  (10th  April,  1770),  that  slaves  who  had 
been  catechized  and  confirmed  in  the  Christian  religion 
should  not  be  sold.  This  law,  intended  for  the  promotion 
of  Christianity,  had  been  attended  with  the  contrary  effect, 
and,  at  "  the  suggestion  of  one  of  the  most  pious  and  active 
of  the  sacred  profession"  (no  doubt  Mr.  Jones),  it  was 
repealed  by  Proclamation  of  the  9th  October,  1812.  The 
Governor  also  addressed  a  circular  letter  (14th  Jauuary, 
I813j  to  the  Ministers  of  the  Dutch  and  Lutheran  Cliurches 
in  the  Colony,  drawing  their  attention  to  the  rc2)eal,  and 
urging  them  to  use  their  influence  to  subdue  false  prejudices 
and  long-accustomed  errors.  At  the  same  time  the  Govern- 
ment resolved  to  build  an  English  Church  at  Simoiistown, 
and  called  for  tenders  lor  its  erection. 

In  Fe]>ruary,  1813,  the  Military  C]ia2)lain,  Mr.  Parker, 
returned  to  England,  leaving  Mr.  Jones  the  only  clergyman 
in  the  Colony  until  the  arrival,  in  September,  of  tlie  liev. 
George  Ilough,  ]\I.A.,  Fellow  of  Pembroke  College,  Oxford, 
who  was  ai)pointcd  Chaplain  at  Simonstown.* 

*  By  Government  advert i.scmcnt,  24th  Soptcinhcr,  iSlu.  Tlic- 
rcgiaters  at  Siiuoustowu  begin  on  the  20th  of  December. 


English  C/uirch  History  in  South  Africa.      29 

Mr.  Jones  took  great  interest  in  educational  matters,  and 
found  an  influential  supjDorter  in  the  Governor,  Sir  John 
Oradock,  through  whose  active  exertions  a  fund  was  raised 
in  1813  by  voluntary  contributions  throughout  the  Colony. 
The  objects  of  this  fund  were  to  provide  for  an  enlarged 
circulation  of  the  Scriptures,  and  for  the  religious  education 
of  the  poor  by  means  of  free  schools  on  the  Monitorial  (Bell 
or  Lancastrian)  system,  which  had  already  been  introduced 
into  the  garrison  schools.  The  fund  was  to  be  administered, 
and  the  schools  superintended,  by  a  central  commission,  to 
be  called  the  "  Bible  and  School  Commission,"  of  which  the 
Governor  was  patron,  and  the  Colonial  Secretary,  the 
English  and  other  clergy  ex  officio  members.  Official 
minutes  explanatory  of  the  scheme  were  issued  by  Govern- 
ment and  by  the  Commission. 

The  result  of  this  movement  was  the  establishment  in 
Capetown  (in  Long  Street,  afterwards  removed  to  Kecrom 
Street)  of  a  free  school,  on  the  Bell  or  Lancastrian  system, 
opened  on  the  13th  September  by  Sir  John  and  Lady 
Theodosia  Cradock.  Very  interesting  addresses  were 
delivered  on  this  occasion  by  the  Governor  and  Mr.  Jones,* 
who  also  presented  a  portrait  of  Dr.  Bell  to  the  school. 

Mr.  Jones  was  also  deputed  by  the  Bible  and  School 
Commission  to  make  a  tour  through  the  country  for  the 
purpose  of  assisting  in  the  formation  of  schools  on  this 
system.  He  visited  the  Moravian  Institution  at  Genadcndal, 
and  expressed  his  satisfaction  at   the  state  of  the  school 


*  The  addresses  were  published  in  the  Gazette  of  18th  September, 
1813.  A  sermon  preached  by  Mr.  Jones  (14th  March,  1813),  On  the 
advantages  of  a  religious  education,  was  translated  into  Dutch  and 
published  at  the  request  of  the  Governor.  There  is  another  published 
sermon  of  his,  On  the  universal  charity  of  the  Gospel  (lOtli  January, 
1813).  He  also  preached  a  special  sermon  on  behalf  of  the  Bible 
and  School  Fund  (3rd  November,  1810),  when  a  collection  was 
made  ("  under  sanction  of  H.  E.  the  Governor  "),  which  amounted  to 
Kds.  520  (£39). 


30      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

there,  but  objected  to  its  being  kept  in  the  cliurcb.  Being 
informed  that  the  Missionaries  had  not  the  means  of  building 
a  school-house,  he  immediately  set  on  foot  a  subscription, 
Xmtting  down  his  own  name  for  rds.  1 00  (£7  10s.),  and,  by 
his  zealous  exertions,  in  a  short  time  procured  upwards  of 
1400  rixdollars,  to  which  several  handsome  donations,  from 
Sir  J.  and  Lady  T.  Cradock,  the  Bible  and  School  Com- 
mission,  the  Lutheran  Church  and  others,  were  afterwards 
added.  Tlie  foundation  of  the  school  was  laid  on  the  11th 
February,  1814,  and  it  was  opened  in  July.* 

It  was  during  the  year  1813  that  the  Dutch  Church  bells 
were  allowed  to  be  rung  for  the  English  service.  "  To 
prevent  the  uncertainty  and  disappointment  heretofore  felt 
and  comjolained  of  resj^ecting  the  time  of  attending  the 
English  Church  on  a  Sunday  morning,  as  soon  as  the  Dutch 
congregation  leaves  the  church,  until  the  arrival  of  the 
military  the  bells  will  cliimo,  and  after  their  arrival,  one 
bell  will  toll  until  half-j^ast  eleven  o'clock,  when  Divine 
service  begins." 

In  June,  1813,  the  prayer  ordered  to  be  said  in  England 
during  the  Regency  of  the  Prince  of  Wales,  was  published 
for  use  in  this  Colony  :  and  Wednesday,  1st  September,  was 
appointed  to  be  observed  as  a  public  day  of  fasting  and 
humiliation  "  to  the  intent  that  we  may  humble  ourselves 
before  Almighty  God  to  obtain  remission  of  our  sins ;  and 
in  the  most  solemn  and  devout  manner  oflfer  up  our  common 
jirayers  for  averting  those  judgments  which  our  manifold 
provocations  have  most  justly  deserved ;  and  also  to  beseech 
the  Divine  aid  and  blessing  towards  the  success  of  His 
]\Iajesty's  arms,  both  by  sea  and  land,  witli  tliosc  of  his 
allies,  and  for  the  restoration  of  peace  and  prosperity  to 
Jlis  Majesty's  and  their  dominions."  The  special  prayer 
used  on  this  occasion,  and  the  form  of  thanksgiving  directed 

*  Lntrobo,  ".Tonrnal  ofii  Visit  to  South  Africa  in  1815-10,"  p.  :]30 ;  and 
Holmes'  "  Missions  of  tho  United  lirctlircn,"  p.  408.  (liondon,  1 8'27, 8vo.) 


English  CJntrch  History  in  South  Africa.      31 

to  be  read  in  all  churches  within  this  Settlement  for  two 
successive  Sundays  (January  2nd  and  9th,  1814,)  for  the 
victory  of  Vittoria,  are  published  in  the  Gazette. 

On  February  26th,  1814,  it  was  ordered  by  Government 
advertisement  that  the  banns  of  all  marriages,  English  and 
Dutch,  intended  to  be  solemnized  according  to  the  forms  of 
the  Established  Church  of  England  were  in  future  to  be 
published  in  an  English  Church  in  this  Colony,  "as  banns 
are  now  j)ublished  in  the  Dutch  Church."  This  seems  to 
imply  that  all  banns  of  marriage  had  hitherto  been  published 
only  in  the  Dutch,  as  the  quasi-Established,  Church. 

On  the  oth  April,  1814,  the  new  Governor,  Lord  Charles 
Somerset,  arrived,  and  was  accompanied  by  the  Rev.  John 
Short  Hewett,  M.A.,*  who  had  been  appointed  Chaplain  to 
the  Forces  in  succession  to  Mr.  Parker.  On  Sunday,  24th 
April,  being  the  day  after  St.  George's  Day,  the  newly-built 
church  at  Simonstown  was  opened  for  Divine  service.  This 
was  the  first  English  church  in  South  Africa,  and  was 
called  St.  George's.  It  was  situated  in  the  centre  of  the 
town,  on  a  site  now  occupied  by  a  school-house,  but  was  so 
badly  built  that  it  fell  to  ruin  not  long  after  its  completion. 
The  parsonage  house  which  still  exists  was  built  at  the  same 
time,  but  was  seriously  damaged  by  heavy  rains  in  1819. 
There  were  now  three  clergymen  in  the  Colony :  Mr.  Jones 
and  Mr.  Hewett  in  Capetown,  and  Mr.  Hough  at  Simons- 
town;  but  in  September  Mr.  Jones  went  to  England  on 
leave,  Mr.  Hewett  becoming  acting-Colonial  as  well  as 
Military  Chaplain. 

Mr.  Jones  had  been  authorized  by  the  Bible  and  School 
Commission  (of  which  he  was  a  member)  to  promote,  while 
in   England,   their    views    and    interests    by    establishing 


*  Mr.  Howett  was  Fellow  of  Clure  College,  Caml)ridgo,  B.A.,  1803 ; 
M.A.,  1806.  On  his  return  to  England  in  181(5  he  was  appointed  to 
the  College  living  of  Eotherhithe.  He  was  D.D.  1824 ;  Ecctor  of 
Ewhurst,  Sussex,  in  1825,  and  died  in  1835. 


32      English  Church  History  in  Sonth  Africa. 

relations  with  similar  institutions  in  England,  and  procuring 
a  suj^ply  of  Dutch  Bibles  direct  from  Holland.  He  returned 
to  the  Colony  as  Dr.  Jones  (D.D.)  in  March,  1816— Mr. 
Hewett  leaving  soon  after  for  England — and  did  not  find 
that  the  cause  of  education  had  prospered  during  his 
absence.  At  the  public  examination  of  the  Free  School 
(1st  May,  1816)  he  noticed  and  lamented  the  inadequacy  of 
the  funds  to  answer  the  twofold  object  in  view,  and  impressed 
upon  the  public  the  necessity  of  increasing  the  annual  sub- 
scriptions. 

In  February,  1817,  Dr.  Jones  resigned  his  Chaplaincy 
and  went  back  to  England.  He  was  succeeded  as  Senior 
Colonial  Chaplain  in  Capetown  by  Mr.  Hough,  whose  post 
at  Simonstown  was  temporarily  filled  by  a  new  arrival,  the 
Eev.  N.  E.  Dennis,  M.A.,  Chaplain  to  the  Forces. 

In  March,  1818,  the  Governor,  by  virtue  of  his  authority 
as  Ordinary,  announced  that  in  consequence  of  the  numerous 
applications  made  to  him  to  dispense  with  the  banns  of 
marriage  being  called,  he  had  resolved  to  grant  special 
licences  upon  a  stamp  of  Eds.  200  (£15)  to  such  persons  as 
had  appeared  before  the  Matrimonial  Court  and  obtained 
the  necessary  certificate  of  the  intended  marriage  being 
unobjectionable.  The  word  "  special "  is  here  evidently  a 
misnomer ;  the  licence  being  the  ordinary  marriage  licence, 
simply  dispensing  with  the  publication  of  banns,  which  all 
English  Lishops  have  by  common  and  statute  law  the  right 
of  granting,  and  which  the  Governor  was  empowered  by 
Letters  Patent  to  grant.  An  observation  occurs  here  as 
to  the  encroachment  of  tlie  civil  power  upon  the  Church's 
rights.  That  which  was  originally  an  Episcopal  authority 
to  dispense  witli  the  Church's  law  as  to  tlie  publication  of 
banns  having  first  been  conferred  upon  Lay  Governors, 
and  finally  by  Act  of  Colonial  rarliament  (the  Marriage 
Licence  Act,  1882),  transferred  to  the  magistrate  of  each 
division. 

A  more  imj)ortant  event   in   the  scanty  annals  of  this 


EiiglisJi  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 


JO 


period  was  an  earnest  attempt  to  arouse  the  attention  of  the 
Cliurcli  at  home  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the  Colony.  Sir 
Jahleel  Brentou,  Commissioner  of  the  Navy,  in  travelling 
from  Capetown  to  the  Knysna  through  the  districts  of 
Oaledon,  Swellendam,  and  George,  was  much  impressed  by 
the  heathenish  state  of  the  slaves  and  the  religious  desti- 
tution of  the  scattered  settlers.  He  addressed  a  letter 
(24th  March,  1818j  to  the  Bishop  of  London,*  in  which  he 
earnestly  expressed  his  conviction  of  the  necessity  of  ex- 
tending the  influence  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  so 
diffusing  the  knowledge  of  the  Gospel.  Having  spoken  of 
the  ignorance  and  spiritual  privations  of  the  farmers  and 
the  evils  of  the  slave  laws,  he  instances  the  success  of  the 
Moravian  Mission  at  Gcnadendal  as  affording  the  strongest 
encouragement  to  similar  efforts  being  made  by  the  Church 
of  England  ;  and  records  his  "  conviction  that  one  amiable, 
benevolent,  and  consistent  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land would  in  the  course  of  a  very  short  time  produce 
effects  equally  salutary  not  only  on  the  poor  destitute  inha- 
bitants of  the  Colony,  but  that  his  influence  would  extend 
to  the  wealthy  farmer  and  his  dependents."  His  scheme 
was  that  by  way  of  experiment,  a  clergyman  should  be  sent 
out  with  a  limited  number  of  poor  families  from  England, 
iind  established  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Knysna,  Mossel  Bay, 
and  Breede  River,  upon  land  to  be  granted  by  the  Govern- 
ment for  church  and  glebe,  and  for  distribution  amongst 
free  persons,  Europeans  or  coloured,  wdio  were  to  be  assisted 
at  first  with  a  small  portion  of  capital,  to  be  repaid  by 
instalments.  He  enumerates  the  advantages  which  would 
result  from  such  establishments.  By  building  and  endowing 
a  church.  Government  w'ould  be  able  to  sell  the  contiguous 
land  and  so  recover  all  the  exioenses  ;  by  sending  inha- 
bitants from  England  the  chief  want  of  the  Colony — popu- 
lation— would    be    supplied,   while    numbers   of    destitute 

*  Appendix  I>. 


34      English  C J  lurch  History  in  South  Africa. 

persons  in  the  motlier-countiy  would  be  provided  for,  and 
tlie  poor  rates  relieved  ;  and  above  all  tbe  Christian  religion 
would  be  promoted  in  the  Colony. 

It  was  possibly  this  interesting  letter  which  led  to  the 
British  Settler  scheme  of  1820,  but  nothing  was  done  by 
either  of  the  Church  Missionary  Societies  for  the  conversion 
of  the  coloured  races  until  1821. 

The  Eev.  Thomas  Erskine,  M.A.,  arrived  in  1818,  and 
was  appointed  Chaplain  at  Simonstown, — Mr.  Dennis  re- 
turning to  Capetown  as  Chaplain  to  the  Forces,  which  jiost 
he  held,  living  at  Zonnebloem,  until  his  dej^arturc  from  the 
Colony  in  1822.  It  was  during  Mr.  Dennis's  Chaplaincy 
that  the  present  Garrison  Chapel  in  the  barracks  was  set 
apart  for  the  j^erformance  of  Divine  service  for  the  military 
(January,  1819),  and  the  public  was  informed  that  hence- 
forth there  will  be  ample  space  in  the  church  {i.e.^  the 
Dutch)  for  all  persons  desiring  to  attend  the  services  held 
by  the  (Colonial  Chaplain.  But  this  arrangement  was  soon 
interrupted.  In  July,  1810,  Mr.  Hough  went  to  England 
on  leave,  and  was  absent  two  years.  For  the  first  three 
months  his  place  was  taken  by  tlie  Eev.  George  William. 
Milner  Sturt,  B.A.,  who  was  residing  in  the  Colony  for  his 
health.  But  in  Se2)tember  Mr.  Erskine  *  resigned  the  ( 'hap- 
laincy  of  Simonstown,  to  which  Mr,  Sturt  was  aj^pointed, 
and  Mr.  Dennis  was  loft  alone  in  Capetown.  Conse(i[uently 
the  military  again  attended  Divine  service  in  the  Dutch 
Church,  but  it  was  notified  that  tliore  was  still  sufficient 
accommodation  for  the  English  inliabitants  and  for  strangers. 

While  acting  as  Colonial  Chaplain  in  Capetown,  Mr.  Sturt 
took  2)art  in  tlie  ceremony  of  laying  the  foundation-stone  of 
the  Commercial  Exchange  f  25tli  August,  1819),  and  "  in  an 
eloquent  and  impressive  prayer,  which  was  listened  to  with 
profound    attention,  invoked   the    Divine   blessing    on    the 

*  The  Ik'V.  T.  Ki^kine  wa.s  Vi<';ir  of  I'riglilon,  Dt'rl»yHliire,  from 
]821  to  1805. 


English  Church  History  in  Soiith  Africa.      35 

unclertaking,  deprecating  all  trifling  divisions  wliicli  miglit 
weaken  the  work ;  and,  alluding  to  the  situation  of  the 
people  of  this  quarter  of  the  globe,  prayed  that  the  mild, 
unassuming,  but  beneficent  spirit  of  our  holy  religion  might 
proceed  as  a  day-star  to  its  benighted  inhabitants."  * 

*  Iieport  of  the  proceedings  in  Gar.cttc,  4th  September,  1819. 


D    "J 


36      English   Church  History  in  Scnth  Africa. 


CHAPTER   Y. 

1820— 182G. 


Capetown. 
mUtaru  (1807). 

Rev.    N.   Pi.    Dennis,   181G- 

1822. 
Ptev.   F.    Fallows    (acting), 

1823. 
Ptev.  T.  Ireland,  1824. 
Pcv.   H.    Collison    (acting), 

1821-1825. 
Pcv.  B.  C.  Goodison,  182C- 

1832. 

Colonial  (1811). 
Pvev.  C.  Hough,  1817-1817. 

SlMONSTOWN  (1818). 

Rev.  G.  W.  M.  Stiirt,  LSIO- 
1830. 


Clo'i/u. 

Bathdrst  (1820). 

Rev.    W.    Boardmau,    1820- 
1825. 


Clan  WILLIAM  (1821). 

Rev.  F.  McClelland,   1821- 

1825. 

Wynbeug  (1821). 
Rev.  W.  AVriglit,  1821-1828. 

Pout  Elizabeth. 

Rev.  F.  McClelland,  1825- 
1853. 

Gu.UIAMSTOWN  (1823). 

Rev.  W.  Geary,  1S23-1824. 
]{ev.  T.  Ireland,  1821-1827. 


The  state  of  tlio  Cliurcli  at  the  Cape  at  tliis  time  is  well 
described  in  a  jjaniphlet  which  has  before  been  quoted. 
"  The  English  have  no  churcli,  and  the  service  is  2)er- 
formed,  hy  permission,  in  the  Dutch  Calvinistic  churcli. 
Tlierc  are  two  Knglisli  Chaplains,  one  civil,  and  the  other 
juilitary,  both  of  whom  read  prayers  and  preach  every 
Sunday  morning.  No  Church  service  is  performed  in  the 
afternoon  or  evening,  nor  on  Saints'  Days  or  Week-days ; 
nor  have  the  tolling  of  the  bells  at  the  churches,  or  the 


English  CJinrcJi  History  in  Sonih  Africa.       37 

cxamj^Ie  of  tlie  Cape  Dutch  Predil-ants,  and  the  aiDpearance 
of  the  town  with  closed  shops,  been  of  sufficient  force  to 
nrge  the  members  of  the  English  Church  to  a  full  per- 
formance of  their  clerical  duty ;  and  the  whole  congregational 
Church  devotion  of  the  English  at  the  Cape  is  confined  to 
three  hours  on  the  day  of  Sabbath,  except  on  Christmas  Day 
and  on  Good  Friday.  The  Sacramental  Service  takes  place 
every  three  months.  The  civil  Chaplain  does  the  surplice 
duty  for  the  civilians  and  the  military  for  the  army.  Their 
emoluments  exceed  the  medium  value  of  livings  in  England, 
particularly  those  of  the  civil  Chaplain  (£700  sterling  per 
annum j,  which  are  very  ample  if  considered  as  a  remunera- 
tion for  the  duty  performed.  The  Clergy  at  the  Cape  have 
been  and  are  men  of  learning  and  piety,  and  not  without 
zeal ;  but  none  of  them  appear  to  have  preached  conviction 
to  the  minds  of  their  congregation  that  an  attendance  on 
evening  Church  Service  is  a  necessary  part  of  Christian 
duty.  .  .  .  The  times  are  now  more  favourable  to 
devotional  exercises,  and  who  can  deny  it  to  be  the  duty  of 
a  Minister  of  the  Gospel  to  have  Church  service  twice  on  a 
Sanday,  as  ordained  by  the  rubric,  and  once  on  prescribed 
Saints'  Days ;  or  who  can  say,  if  opportunity  were  given, 
how  much  grace  might  abound  ?  The  English  congregation 
at  the  Cape  is  numerous  ;  the  soldiers  attend  by  regiments, 
and  their  martial  music  adds  to  the  solemnity  of  the  ser- 
vice.* .  .  .  There  is  also  a  church  at  Simonstown 
with  a  Colonial  Chaplain  (whose  stipend  is  £350  besides 
surplice  fees),  so  those  of  the  English  who  are  disposed  to 
attend  Divine  worship  have  the  means  within  their  reach 
every  Sunday.''! 

*  There  was  no  organist  for  the  English  services  until  June,  1820, 
Avlien  Mr.  James  Gregory  was  appointed  by  Government. 

t  "State  of  the  Capo  of  Good  Hope  in  1822,"  p.  Go  (London, 
IMurray,  1S23,  8vo.).  That  the  emoluments  derived  from  the  "  surpliee 
fuos"  were  not  inconsiderable  will  appear  from  the  following  table  of 


2,S      EiiglisJi  CJinrch  History  in  South  Africa. 

"We  might  Lave  supposed  that  the  Church  in  this  Land 
would  have  been  roused  into  activity  by  the  addition  to  the 
numbers  of  English  inhabitants  of  nearly  4000  persons,  the 
British  Settlers  of  1820.  Each  party  of  a  hundred  families 
had  the  privilege  of  selecting  a  clergyman  of  any  Christian 
denomination,  whose  salary  was  to  be  paid  from  the  public 
funds  ;  but  only  two  parties  were  accompanied  by  a  clergy- 
man of  the  Anglican  Church.  The  one,  a  party  mostly  of 
Irish  under  Mr.  William  Parker,  ex-Mayor  of  Cork,  had 
selected  the  Rev.  Francis  McClelland,  B.A.,  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, Dublin,  and  settled  at  Clanwilliam  ;  but  as  the  place  did 
not  suit  them,  the  party  was  broken  up  and  its  members  be- 
came scattered  throughout  the  Colony,  Mr.  McClelland  being 
removed  in  1825  to  Port  Elizabeth,  and  the  work  of  the 
English  Church  at  Clanwilliam  was  not  resumed  until  1857. 

Another  party,  Wilson's,  was  accompanied  by  tlie  Eev. 
William  Boardman,  wlio  Leld  tLe  first  service  at  Batliurst 
in  August,  1820,  and   was  the   clergyman   of  that   place, 

fees  fixed  by  the  Government,  as  allowed  to  bo  made  by  the  CLaplains, 
Clerks,  and  Sextons  of  the  several  English  Churches  : — 

Minister.     Clerl: 
.V.    d.         s.  d. 
For  a  marriage  out  of  churcli,  or  not  on 

Sunday 15     0         ?>     0 

Forabaplisni  IT)     0         :;     0 

For  a  burial 7     (!         1     G 

For  a  churching  10         10' 

For  a  certiticate  of  the  publication  of  the 

banns  of  marriage   10        1     (» 

For  a  certificate  of  marriage,  if  demanded  ...       10         10 

For  a  certificate  of  baptism,  do 10         10 

For  a  certificate  of  burial  do 1     (»         1     0 

By  the  same  regulation,  the  Sexton  is  authorized  to  demand  a  fee  ot 
Ty.  0(7.  for  each  gi-avc  he  may  be  required  to  prejtare. 

This  table  of  fees  remained  in  force  until  altered  by  the  IJishop  and 
a  Synod  of  Clergy  held  at  I'rotea  in  184!S,  when  the  present  table  of 
fees,  confirmed  by  the  Diocesiin  Synod  of  1.S80,  wns  adopted. 


English  Cluirch  History  in  Sotith  Africa.       39 

officiating  also  occasionally  at  Grahamstown.*  He  is  said 
to  have  been  a  good  scholar  and  an  amiable  man,  but 
unfortunately  the  Church  under  his  Ministry  pined  away 
and  almost  came  to  nought.  He  kept  a  private  school  at 
Bathurst,  where  he  died  in  1825,  leaving  a  family,  on  whose 
behalf  a  public  appeal  was  made. 

The  head  of  a  third  party,  Mr.  Wilkinson,  was  the  son  of 
an  Essex  rector,  and  was  accompanied  by  eight  of  his 
father's  parishioners,  to  each  of  whom  a  Bible  and  Prayer- 
Book  was  given  on  leaving  the  parish.  Many  others  among 
the  Settlers  must  have  been  members  of  the  English 
Church  ;  but  in  consequence  no  doubt  of  the  feeble  planting 
and  unworthy  exhibition  of  the  Church,  the  Wesleyan  body 
under  the  able  and  energetic  William  Shaw  spread  through- 
out the  Eastern  Province ;  and  hence  for  many  years  that 
part  of  the  Colony  in  which  the  English  population  was 
proportionately  the  largest,  was  the  part  in  which  the 
English  Church  was  both  numerically  and  spiritually  the 
weakest. 

The  only  attempt  made  in  the  Colony  to  provide  for  the 
spiritual  needs  of  the  new  comers  was  the  establishment  in 
August  of  the  African  Bible  and  Tract  Society,  one  of 
whose  objects  was  the  distribution  of  Bibles  and  the  English 
Prayer-Book,  as  well  as  of  undenominational  tracts.  The 
joint  Secretaries  were  Mr.  Dennis  and  Dr.  Philip  of  the 
L.M.S. 

In  January,  1821,  Mr.  Hough  returned,  and  in  June  was 
appointed  'Rector  Gynmasii,  or  Principal  of  the  Classical 
School.j     An  important  addition  to  the  small  number  of  the 

*  Before  a  clim-ch  was  built  at  Grahamstowu  services  were  held  in 
the  open  square  on  which  St.  George's  now  stands. 

t  There  is  a  published  sermon  by  ]\rr.  Hough,  "  On  Evil-speaking  " 
(St.  James  iv.  11),  preached  in  the  English  Church,  Cui)ctown,  on 
Sunday,  August  2Gth,  1821,  and  published  at  the  request  of  the 
Actio g-( Governor,  Sir  R.  Donkin;  the  profits  were  for  the  Settlers' 
Fund.      His  only  other  publication  during  his  long  Chaplaincy  of 


40      English  CJiurcJi  History  ift  South  Africa. 

clergy  in  the  Colony  was  the  Eev.  Fearon  Fallows,  M.A., 
F.R.S.,  a  distinguished  mathematician,  who  arrived  in 
August,  1821,  as  Astronomer  Eoyal  of  the  newly-founded 
Observatory.  Mr.  Fallows  resided  at  Zorg-en-lust,  in  the 
Gardens,  until  the  completion  in  1828  of  the  present 
Observatory,  where  he  had  a  private  chapel  in  which 
services  were  regularly  held.-  He  also  officiated  frequently 
for  the  clergy  in  and  near  Capetown,  and  was  in  1823 
acting  Military  Chaplain.  He  died  in  Capetown  on  the  eve 
of  his  return  to  Europe  in  July,  1831,  aged  43. 

It  was  in  this  year  (1821)  that  ihc  S.P.G.  began  its  work 
in  South  Africa.  Nine  Societies  were  in  the  Mission  Field, 
but  the  English  Church  had  as  yet  done  nothing  for  the 
coloured  races,  except  that  a  few  prize  negroes  and  liberated 
slaves  had  been  baptized  by  the  Chaplain  in  Caj^otown, 
especially  in  the  years  1815  and  1818.  But  it  does  not 
appear  that  any  pains  were  tahcn  to  instruct  those  so  bap- 
tized ;  indeed,  it  is  said  that  in  some  cases  they  could  not 
even  speak  English  ;  and  they  soon  became  dispersed,  witbout 
any  knowledge  of  real  Christianity.  The  Rev.  William 
Wriglit,  M.A.jf  Missionary  of  the  S.P.G.,  arrived  in  March, 
1821,  and  opened  a  School  at  Wynbsrg  for  coloured 
children,  and  established  a  Sunday  morning  service  in  a 
temporary  chapel  (22nd  July).     With  regard  to  his  selec- 

tbii-ty  years  was  a  scrinoii  "  On  the  Duty  of  Submission  \o  Lawful 
Authority,"  preached  at  tlie  IMilitary  Cliapel,  2oth  NovcniljLT,  1825, 
and  published  at  the  request  of  Lord  Charles  Somerset. 

*  Baptism  was  administered  there  in  182S,  and  a  marria.i^o  solenniiz.d 
in  1S30. 

t  The  "ingenious  "Wri^'ht"  of  Tringle's  "Emigrant's  Cubin  at  the 
Cape,"  who  says  in  a  note  "  now  Dr.  Wright,  a  gentleman  of  no  ordinary 
acfpiirenients  in  Biblical  erudition,  of  which  he  has  given  a  valuable 
proof  in  his  tr;inshilion  of  Seiler's  'llermeueutics'  with  notes.  He  re- 
sided for  ten  years  at  the  Cape  in  the  service  of  the  S.l\(i.,  and  was 
the  only  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England  during  my  residence 
there,  who  was  friendly  to  the  freedom,  or  active  in  promoting  the 
improvement  of  the  coloured  classes." 


English  Church  History  in  Sonth  Africa.      41 

tion  of  Wynberg  as  the  centre  of  Lis  Mission  work,  it  was 
sarcastically  remarked  tliat,  "being  sent  to  convert  tbe 
heathen,  and  being  a  conscientious  man,  bound  by  his 
engagements  to  direct  his  efforts  where  there  was  most  need, 
he  commenced  his  duties  by  a  i^reference  not  very  comj^li- 
mentary  to  this  part  of  the  Colony,  the  summer  resort  of  the 
fashionables  of  the  Cape."  * 

Next  year  another  Mission  school  was  established  in 
Capetown  for  coloured  free  and  slave  children,  and 
maintained  for  some  time  by  Mr.  Wright  at  his  own 
expense. 

Lord  Charles  Somerset  on  his  return  to  the  Colony 
(December,  1821)  proceeded  to  undo  much  that  the  Acting- 
Governor,  Sir  Eufane  Donkin,  had  done  during  his  absence. 
As  part  of  this  policy  he  removed  the  seat  of  the  Magistracy 
of  Albany  from  Bathurst  to  Grahamstown,  which  was  thus 
raised  from  a  mere  military  post  into  an  important  centre 
of  the  Eastern  Province.  A  movement  was  at  once  made  by 
the  inhabitants  to  obtain  assistance  towards  building  a 
church.  The  Governor  had  anticipated  their  wishes,  and 
had  obtained,  when  in  England,  a  grant  of  £500  from  the 
S.P.G.  for  this  purpose.  The  Government  also  contributed  ; 
and  in  July,  1823,  tenders  were  called  for  by  Mr.  Eivers, 
Landdrost  of  Albany,  for  the  erection  of  a  church  at 
Grahamstown,  the  present  St.  George's.  The  Rev.  William 
Geary  was  appointed  Civil  and  Military  Chaplain  (April, 
1283),  and  was  furnished  with  a  private  list  in  the 
Governor's  own  writing  of  obnoxious  individuals  with  whom 
he  was  cautioned  to  have  no  intercourse  whatever. f  It 
contained  the  names  of  Major  Pigott,  Messrs.  Campbell  and 
D.  Moodie,  who  were  supposed  to  be  leaders  of  the  strong 
opposition  which  was  then  arising  in  the  Eastern  Province 
to  the  arbitrary  and  unjust  acts  of  the  Governor.     As  is 

*  "  State  of  the  C.  G.  H.  in  1822,"  p,  G4. 

t  Pringle's  "  Narrative  of  a  Itesidence  in  South  Africa,"  p.  307. 


4-      English  ChurcJi  History  in  South  Africa. 

well  known,  the  many  complaints  against  Lord  Charles* 
administration  led  to  the  appointment  of  a  special  commis- 
sion of  inquiry  to  investigate  tlie  affairs  of  the  Colony. 
When  the  Commissioners  arrived  at  Graliamstown  (5tli 
February,  1821),  a  number  of  tlie  inhabitants  assembled  and 
testified  their  joy  b}^  firing  off  gans  and  illuminating  the 
town.  Mr.  Geary's  house  was  one  of  the  first  illuminated, 
and  he  himself  was  accused  of  being  out  in  the  streets, 
cheering  the  mob  most  loudly,  and  swinging  his  hat  over 
his  head  in  a  manner  very  indecorous  (to  say  no  more) 
in  a  clergyman.*  Mr.  Geary  denied  the  truth  of  these 
statements,  except  in  so  for  that  his  house  had  been 
illuminated,  and  forwarded  to  the  Governor  letters  from 
certain  inhabitants  testifying  that  the  charges  against 
him  were  false,  highly  injurious,  and  scurrilous.  The 
letters  were  published  in  the  Gazette,\  but  at  the  same 
time  he  was  reported  to  the  Secretary  of  State,  by  whose 
instructions  he  was  (October,  1824)  removed  from  his 
clerical  employment  in  the  Colony.  The  Eev.  Thomas 
Ireland,  M.A.,  Military  Chaplain  in  Capetown,  was  ap- 
])ointed  Chaplain  i>ro  tempore  at  Grahamstown  ;  and  the 
Eev.  Henry  Collisou,  M.A.,  who  had  been  residing  in  the 
Colony  since  1820,  became  Military  Chaj^lain  in  Capetown. 
During  I\[r.  Ireland's  brief  tenure  of  the  Military  Clia2)laincy 
in  Capetown,  a  set  of  Altar  vessels  was  2)rovided  for  the 
Garrison  Chapel ;  the  Assistant-Commissary-General  calling 
for  tenders  for  supplying  "  one  chalice  or  cup  to  contain  a 
quart  (silver),  one  salver  twelve  inches  in  diameter  (plated) 
with  silver  edge."  J  These  vessels  are  still  preserved, 
though  not  now  generally  used,  and  the  chalice  bears  tlio 
inscription  :  "  Ecclcsia)  Militari,  admodum  vcre  Anglicano), 
oppidi    Capcnsis,  hie   calix    consccratus  est  Dig"'".   Dom"". 

*  liCtter  ill  Gazetle,  21st  February,  l!^24. 
t  Mmcli  i:Uh  and  20tli,  1824. 
X  Gazette,  21st  February,  1824. 


English  CJuirch  History  in  South  Africa.      43 

C.  H.  Somerset,  Praeposito ;  Eev.  T.  Ireland  Presbytero, 
A.D.  1824." 

Mr.  Wright  was  among  tliose  who  incurred  the  Governor's 
disj)leasure.  The  Mission  school,  which  he  had  founded  in 
Capetown  and  maintained  for  more  than  a  year  at  his  own 
expense,  was  taken  out  of  his  hands  by  the  Colonial  Govern- 
ment in  October,  1823,  and  exhibited  to  the  Commissioners 
of  Inquiry  as  an  institution  established  by  the  Government 
itself  for  the  instruction  of  slave  children.  Pringle  says 
that  this  was  only  one  scene  of  the  extraordinary  farce 
which  was  then  performed,  and  in  which  several  grave 
functionaries,  lay  and  ecclesiastical,  acted  the  degrading 
parts  assigned  to  them  with  a  view  to  mystify  the  Commis- 
sioners. Mr.  Wright,  who  was  too  free  of  speech  to  be 
made  a  political  tool  in  these  disreputable  transactions,  and 
who,  on  the  contrary,  furnished  most  useful  information  to 
the  Commissioners,  became  an  object  of  bitter  persecution. 
Injury  and  insult  were  heaped  upon  him  in  the  Colony,  and 
he  was  moreover  studiously  calumniated  to  his  own  Society 
in  England,  by  whom  he  was  thereupon  charged  with 
having  formed  connections  with  persons  ill-affected  to  the 
Church,  merely  because  he  kept  company  and  sat  in  com- 
mittees with  such  persons  as  Dr.  Philip  and  Mr.  Fairbairn. 

At  this  time  the  rising  village  of  Port  Elizabeth  began 
to  bestir  itself  to  obtain  a  Church  and  School.  A  memorial 
was  addressed  by  the  English  inhabitants  to  the  Governor, 
who  promised  a  school,  but  regretted  that  want  of  funds 
2)revented  the  Government  from  building  a  church.  A  local 
committee  was  therefore  appointed  and  a  subscription 
opened  for  building  a  church  to  be  used  "  for  mutual  accom- 
modation "  by  the  Church  of  England  in  the  morning,  and 
by  the  Dutch  in  the  afternoon.* 

The  examples  of  Grahamstown  and  Port  Elizabeth  seem 
at  last  to  have  roused  the  members  of  the  Church  in  Capc- 

*  Gazeite,  February  20th  and  22ik1,  1824. 


44      English  CJinrch  History  in  South  Africa. 

town,  and  *'  well-directed  zeal  seemed  disposed  to  cany  into 
effect  the  building  of  a  cliurcli  and  to  embrace  the  S2)lendid 
offer  of  pecuniary  assistance  from  the  Home  Gevernment."" 
A  correspondent  wrote  at  the  time  :  "  We  rejoice  that  our 
Episcopal  church,  which  is  hallowed  by  the  highest  anti- 
quity, which  stands  coeval  with  the  era  of  national  happi- 
ness, and  has  descended  to  us  with  unbroken  veneration,  i& 
about  to  plant  its  standard  in  some  eligible  spot  in  this 
ca2)ital.  After  a  lapse  of  nearly  twenty  years'  quiet  jiosses- 
sion  of  this  Colony,  an  indifference  to  this  matter  any  longer 
would  become  highly  criminal.  The  mother-country  offers 
at  least  £10,000.  We  trust  every  facility  will  be  afforded 
f<u'  securing  a  suitable  site,  and  that  private  interests  will 
give  way  to  public  utility.  Above  all,  it  is  most  satisfac- 
tory to  hear  that  aj)pro2Driate  seat  room  will  be  made  for  the 
2)oor  and  the  slave  population.  If  w'e  except  the  slave 
.school  under  the  sole  direction  and  sujqiort  of  the  Dutch 
inhabitants,  very  little  religious  instruction  has  as  yet  been 
afforded  to  the  slaves  in  town,  but  we  arc  glad  that  under 
sober  and  legitimate  direction  this  important  part  of  the 
l)oi)ulation  will  be  visited  by  a  paramount  good."  A 
churchyard  and  a  school  for  church  education,  as  well  as 
'•  a  ring  of  bells,"  are  also  suggested.*  An  influential 
committee  was  appointed  (May,  1821),  and  it  was  proposed 
to  raise  the  required  sum  by  letting  the  pews  at  an  annual 
ri'iit  sufficient  to  i)ay  the  interest  on  the  capital  borrowed. 
The  i^ews  were  to  be  divided  into  first,  second,  and  third 
class  to  accommodate  six,  four,  and  three  persons  at  a  rent 
of  50,  40,  and  oO  dollars  respectively,  or  a  single  sitting  of 
each  class  10,  8,  or  G  dollars.  It  was  not  deemed  requisite 
to  accept  any  dimations  towards  the  capital.  This  i)roposal 
excited  considerable  attention,  and  there  appeared  every 
readiness  on  the  part  of  the  public  to  avail  itself  of  the 
facilities  held  out.     Many,  however,  regi'ctted  that  a  system 

*  ^'.  A.  C.  Aih-ertifer,  Feb.  25,  1S25. 


English  C J  lurch  History  in  South  Africa.      45 

of  classification  was  proposed  in  sucli  a  way  as  to  confer  a 
sort  of  heraldic  distinction  en  those  whose  wealth  or  power 
might  be  uppermost.  It  was  argued  that  there  were  many 
worthy  people  in  Capetown  whose  wealth  was  not  equivalent 
to  admit  them  to  the  scales  of  degrees,  but  who  were  good 
Church  people.  Another  objection  was  that  no  mention 
was  made  of  free  sittings  for  the  poor.*  These  objections 
and  other  circumstances  of  a  painful  nature  caused  the  j)ro- 
posal  to  be  abandoned,  and  it  was  not  revived  until  1827, 
although  the  number  of  Churchmen  was  rapidly  increasing. ^ 
Hitherto  the  English  clergy  and  laity  had  co-operated 
with  the  African  Bible  and  Tract  Society ;  but  at  a  meeting 
of  English  Churchmen  (30th  Aug.,  1824)  it  was  resolved 
that,  in  order  to  j^romote  among  the  English  population  of 
this  Colony  a  sj)irit  of  attachment  to  the  Church  of  Eng- 
land as  by  law  established,  an  association  be  formed  under 
the  designation  of  the  Cliurch  of  England  Fraijcr-Booh  and 
Tract  SomeUj  to  distribute  gratis,  and  sell  at  reduced  prices, 
Prayer-Books  and  tracts  recommended  by  the  S.P.C.K.  No 
test  of  admission  was  imposed  beyond  an  annual  subscrijD- 
tion  of  Eds.  10  or  life  subscription  of  Bids.  100 ;  and  at 
first  Presbyterians  joined  with  Churchmen  in  the  Society  ; 
but  in  1827,  either  through  the  effects  of  accident,  or 
because  the  Presbyterian  subscriptions  formed  a  very  small 
amount,  the  Society  was  placed  upon  a  new  footing,  being 
incorporated  as  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  District  Committee 

*  "  A  rra,i;-ment  of  Church  History  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hoi:)e  " 
(Bridckirk,  Capetown,  1827),  page  59,  note.  This  is  a  pamphlet,  con- 
taining an  account  of  tlie  building  of  the  Scotch  Church  in  Capetown, 
but  the  notes  give  a  few  circumstances  connected  with  the  rise  and 
progress  of  the  English  Church  in  the  Colony.  It  is  in  the  Capetown 
Library,  bound  up  with  a  number  of  other  Cape  pamphlets. 

t  At  Wynberg  the  services  were  still  held  in  the  "  Cottage  Church.'* 
On  the  night  of  the  3rd  June,  1824,  the  Vestry  was  broken  into,  and  a 
lawn  surplice,  a  black  silk  cassock,  gown  and  hood,  belonging  to 
Mr.  AVright,  stolen. 


46      English  CJuircJi  History  in  South  Africa. 

of  tlic  S.P.C.K.,  and  tlius  necessarily  confined  to  members  of 
tlie  Anglican  Cliurcli. 

In  April,  1825,  the  Governor  granted  a  plot  of  ground  at 
Port  Elizabeth  for  the  CliurcL,  towards  tlio  building  of 
which  subscriptions  were  being  raised  throughout  the 
Colony ;  and  in  November  the  Ecv.  F.  McClelland  was 
removed  from  Clanwilliam  and  appointed  Colonial  Chaplain 
at  Port  Elizabeth. 

The  other  clerical  changes  of  the  year  arc  the  arrival 
(  2ud  May)  of  the  Picv.  Edward  Judge,  M.A.,  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge — then  in  Deacon's  Orders — as  Master 
of  the  Classical  School  in  Capetown  ;  and  the  death  (lOth 
August)  of  the  Rev.  W.  Boardman  at  Bathurst,  the  Chap- 
laincy remaining  vacant  for  three  years.  During  the  early 
part  of  the  year  Mr.  AYright,  the  S.P.G.  Missionary  at 
Wynberg,  made  an  exploratory  tour  through  the  various 
Missions  in  Kafirland,  perhaps  with  a  view  of  establishing 
a  Church  Mission  in  those  parts.* 

The  Royal  Commissioners  of  Inquiry  presented  an 
elaborate  report  in  1826,  recommending  many  important 
and  beneficial  reforms  in  matters  j)olitical,  judicial,  and 
financial :  which  were  not,  however,  all  adopted.  Only  one 
of  their  suggestions  need  be  mentioned  here.  There  existed 
a  sum  of  upwards  of  £18,000,  known  as  the  Church  Fund, 
which  had  arisen  from  bequests  and  donations,  from  church 
collections,  from  fines  and  collections  formerly  made  on 
board  Dutch  s]iii)s  during  the  voyage  to  the  Cape,  from 
burial  fees,  jiew  rents,  fees  on  the  emancipation  of  slaves, 
from  a  tax  upon  building  allotments,  and  in  the  district  of 
Uitcnhage  from  a  tax  upon  licences  for  cutting  timber  and 
for  collecting  salt.  The  interest  of  this  fund  had  hitherto 
been    applied    to    the    support    of   the   poor   of  the    Dutch 


*  It  was  durinj^  tlii.s  tour  tliut  lie  vihitcJ  the  Chief  I3otina,  who 
asked  him  if  it  wn^  from  the  Bi])le  that  Englisliinen  h.ariit  to  plunder 
tlie  Kafir.s  of  their  cattle.     Mr.  Wri'^'ht  ac'uiu  visited  him  in  1830. 


English  Church  History  in  SotUh  Africa,      4/' 

Church  only,  but  tlie  Commissioners  considered  that,  as 
these  funds  had  been  partly  raised  by  taxes  levied  on  the 
inhabitants  generally,  the  benefit  of  the  fund  should  no 
longer  be  applied  to  the  maintenance  of  any  one  church. 
They  therefore  recommended  that,  after  appropriating 
£5000  for  the  establishment  in  Capetown  of  a  general 
infirmary  for  aged  and  indigent  persons  the  balance  should 
be  placed  in  the  hands  of  trustees  "  selected  from  the  clergy 
of  the  several  Protestant  churches  "  to  aid  the  erection  and 
repairs  of  churches  throughout  the  Colony  ; — £500  being 
afforded  in  every  instance  in  ^Yhich  a  sufficient  sum  could  be 
raised  by  the  inhabitants,  the  Government  also  granting 
£500  for  the  object ; — on  condition  that  the  church  so  built 
should  be  considered  open  to  the  use  of  either  the  Ej)iscopal 
or  Presbyterian  community,  the  salary  for  the  clergyman 
being  also  granted  by  Government.  This  recommendation, 
it  need  hardly  be  said,  was  not  adopted.  Capetown  and 
Simonstown  are  mentioned  as  places  where  churches  are 
more  particularly  required  by  the  English  and  Scotch 
inhabitants,  but  the  Commissioners  were  of  opinion  that 
those  buildings  should  be  erected  by  means  of  subscriptions 
among  the  inhabitants  themselves,  aided  by  contributions 
from  the  Home  Government. 

The  Military  Chaplaincy  in  Capetown  had  been  tem- 
porarily served  since  Mr.  Ireland's  removal  to  Grahamstown 
in  1824,  but  it  was  now  (Oct.  1826)  filled  by  the  arrival  of 
the  Eev.  B.  C.  Goodison,  M.A.,  who  held  the  appointment 
until  his  death  in  1832. 


48      English  Church  History  in  SontJi  Africa. 


Capetown. 
miltanj  (1807). 


IJev.  B.  C.  Goodlson,  182G- 
1832. 

Colomal  (1811). 
Ptcv.  G.  Hough,  1817-1847. 

SiMONSTOWN  (1813). 


CHAPTEE  YI. 

1827-1830. 
Clerrjy. 

I  Bathurst  (1820). 

Vacant  1825-1828. 
Rev.  W.  Wright,  1828-1830. 
Rev.  G.  S.  Porter   (acting), 


1830-1833. 

Wynberg  (1821). 
Rev.  W.  Wright,  1821-1828. 
Rev.  B,  C.  Goodison  (acting). 

Grahamstown  (1823). 
Vacant  1827-1830. 
Rev.  W.  Carlisle,  1830-1838. 


Port  Elizabeth  (1825). 
Rev.  F.   McClelland,  1825- 
1853. 


Rev.  G.  W.  31.  Stiu't,  1819- 

1830. 
Rev.  C.  Wimberley  (acting), 

1830-1831. 

AVe  come  now  to  the  first  attempt  to  jirovule  some  sort  of 
episcopal  oversight  for  the  (^liurch  in  South  Africa.  Since 
the  erection  of  the  See  of  Calcutta  in  1814,  two  prelates 
(Bishops  Middletpn  and  Hebcr)  had  successively  undertaken 
iind  Kunk  under  the  disprojiortionatc  burden  of  that  vast 
Diocese,  comprising  the  whole  of  the  Asiatic  empire,  and 
extending  over  20  degrees  of  latitude  by  as  many  of  hnigi- 
tude.*  The  Cape  of  Good  Hope  was  not  formally  included 
in  this  enormous  Diocese,  but  as  the  Church  lierc  had  never 
hitherto  enjoyed  the  benefit  of  any  episcopal  visit,  the 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies  (Lord  (ioderieh)  thought 
it  advisable    that  (»n   the  appointment  of  Bisho])   James  a 


*  In  1823  thcro  was  fiddt-d  1o  tlu;  liisliop  of  Ciileuttii's  .Turi.sdictioii 
*'all  places  between  the  Cape  of  (Jood  Hope  and  3Iay;<'llan's  Straits." 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa,      49 

si^ecial  commission  should  be  issued  from  the  Crown  autho- 
rising him  to  commence  his  episcopal  functions  at  the 
Cape.*  Official  intimation  was  sent  to  the  Lieutenant- 
Governor  of  the  proposed  visit  of  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta 
on  his  way  to  India,  "  for  the  purpose  of  conferring  con- 
firmation upon  the  British  youth  of  the  colony,"  and 
announced  by  Government  notice  in  the  GazeUc.\  Notices 
were  also  issued  by  the  Lauddrosts  of  the  Cape  and  Stellen- 
bosch  districts  inviting  the  British  youths  who  wished  to 
avail  themselves  of  this  opportunity  of  receiving  confirma- 
tion to  give  in  their  names  to  the  Wardmasters  or  Field- 
cornets,  or  at  the  Lauddrost's  oflice  ;  and  to  bring  certificates 
from  the  Ministers  of  their  districts  that  they  were  duly 
qualified  to  receive  such  confirmation.  The  Chaplains  in 
Capetown  and  Simonstown  also  fixed  days  upon  which  they 
would  be  ready  to  examine  candidates. 

Bishop  James  arrived  in  Table  Bay  on  Monday,  14th 
October,  1827,  accompanied  by  his  Chaplain,  Mr.  Knapp. 
On  Wednesday,  the  18th,  several  gentlemen  met  to  discuss 
the  proposals  for  the  erection  of  an  English  church,  to  be 
afterwards  submitted  to  a  public  meeting.  The  Bishop  was 
present,  and  it  was  resolved  to  take  advantage  of  the 
favourable  opportunity  of  the  Bishop's  presence  in  the 
Colony,  and  open  a  subscription  for  the  building  of  a 
church  to  hold  1000  persons — three  pews  being  reserved 
for  the  Governor,  the  clergyman,  and  the  churchwardens, 
and  300  free  sittings  for  the  poor.  The  Bishop  stated  that 
the  Home  Government  was  willing  to  sanction  the  transfer 
of  the  ground  for  a  site,  and  to  grant  one-half  the  expense 
of  completing  the  church ;  and  that  he  himself  would  give 
£75  from  S.P.C.K.  funds  at  his  disposal.  The  building 
was  estimated  to  cost  £10,000,  and  with  the  hope  of  raising 
the  half,  subscriptions  were  to  be  opened  on  the  following 


*  "  Memoirs  of  Bishop  James,"  by  his  son,    (Hatcliards,  1830.) 
t  Gazette,  August  23  and  September  7,  1827. 


^o      EnglisJi  C /lurch  History  in  South  Africa. 

scale  :  For  i^ews  to  contain  six  persons,  £25  ;  four  persons, 
£20 ;  single  sittings,  £10.  The  pews  were  to  be  granted 
for  twenty-one  years  from  tlie  opening  of  tlie  Cliiircb,  and 
renewable  for  a  similar  period  by  the  original  holder,  or  his 
next  of  kin  or  representative  in  the  Colony.  The  Governor 
was  asked  to  grant  a  site  at  once  in  order  that  it  might  be 
consecrated  during  the  Bishop's  stay.  There  were  to  be 
eleven  trustees,  including  the  Governor,  the  Chief  Justice, 
and  the  Colonial  Secretary,  the  remaining  eight  to  be  chosen 
by  the  subscribers.  A  building  committee  of  nine  was  to 
be  elected  by  ballot,  and  the  plans  of  the  church  were  to  be 
approved  by  the  trustees  and  committee  jointly.  It  was 
also  resolved  to  apply  to  the  Honourable  East  India  Com- 
pany for  a  grant  in  aid. 

On  Sunday,  21st  October,  the  Bishop  preached  at  the 
English  service,  and  on  Monday,  at  11  a.m.,  confirmation 
was  administered  to  450  persons,  including  the  military  and 
some  converts  from  other  Churches.  The  same  afternoon, 
at  3  o'cloclv,  a  public  meeting  was  held  in  the  Exchange. 
The  right  reverend  chairman,  after  congratulating  the  meet- 
ing on  its  numbers  and  respectability,  spoke  of  the  diffi- 
culties which  had  formerly  im2)eded  the  erection  of  an 
English  church  in  Capetown,  and  said  it  would  be  wise 
and  decorous  for  the  sake  of  Christian  peace  and  charity  to 
bury  in  oblivion  all  former  circumstances  of  a  painful 
nature ;  to  make  diligent  use  of  the  pre.'cut  advantages,  and 
look  forward  with  feelings  of  grateful  anticipation  to  the 
final  accomplishment  of  a  work  which  well  deserved  to  be 
near  the  heart  of  all  who  heard  him.  A  feeling  existed  in 
England  very  favourable  to  the  design,  and  he  was  instructed 
by  Lord  Goderich  to  mentifjn  that  if  the  Colonists  showed 
an  anxiety  for  the  object  in  view,  and  evinced  such  a  feeling 
by  their  subscriptions,  the  (jroverument  were  disposed 
to  assist  them  by  laying  down  an  equal  sum  with  that  sub- 
scribed by  individuals.  Ilis  Lordshij)  liere  read  a  letter 
•which  he  had  received  from  the  Lieutenant-Governor  rela- 
tive to  the  site.    He  reminded  the  meeting  of  the  obligations 


English  CJntrcJi  History  in  South  Africa.      51 

of  the  members  of  the  English  Church  to  the  Consistory 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  for  the  use  which  they  had 
enjoyed  during  many  years  of  a  sanctuary  for  the  perform- 
ance of  divine  worship,  and  in  conclusion  earnestly  exhorted 
the  friends  of  the  English  Church  to  be  active  and  per- 
severing in  their  endeavours  to  promote  the  chief  object  of 
the  meeting;  and  under  any  event  to  remain  immovably 
attached  to  the  pure  doctrines,  ordinances  and  discipline  of 
the  Church  of  their  forefathers  and  of  their  native  land  — 
that  venerable  Church,  based  on  the  foundation  of  Christ 
and  His  Apostles,  watered  with  the  blood  of  its  sainted 
martyrs,  its  Cranmers,  its  Latimers,  and  its  Eidleys  ;  and 
defended  by  such  ornaments  of  the  religious  world  as  a 
Bacon,  a  Hooker,  a  Barrow,  a  Leslie,  and  a  Law.* 

The  resolutions  agreed  upon  at  the  private  meeting  were 
adopted,  and  trustees  elected,  and  a  subscription  list  opened, 
to  remain  open  until  November  1st,  when  a  committee  was 
to  be  elected.  On  Tuesday,  October  23rd,  the  Bishop  con- 
secrated the  site  upon  which  St.  George's  now  stands,  as  well 
as  the  burial  ground  in  the  Somerset  road,  and  sailed  for 
Calcutta  on  the  26th.'|-  A  fresh  difficulty  as  to  the  building 
of  the  church  seems,  however  to  have  occurred,  and  a 
meeting  was  called  on  the  20th  November  to  re-consider  the 
resolutions  passed  in  October ;  and  although  £2,500  had 
been  subscribed,  tenders  called  for,  and  applications  invited 
for  the  post  of  clerk  of  the  works,  the  scheme  fell  to  the 
ground  for  the  next  two  years. J 

Mr.  Ireland  left  Grahamstown  in  October,  1827,  and  does 

*  This  report  is  abridged  from  an  unfinished  account  of  the  pro- 
ceedings in  the  Gazette  of  November  9th,  1827,  sent  by  a  correspondent 
who  signs  "  A  Member  of  the  Church  of  England."  There  is  also  a 
shorter  report  in  the  Z.  A.  TydscJirift  for  1827. 

t  From  the  Cape  Bishop  James  also  addressed  a  pastoral  letter  to 
the  few  inhabitants  of  the  island  of  Tristan  D'Acnnha.     (Memoirs). 

X  "  We  look  in  vain  for  the  Episcopal  Church.  Like  the  Jews  of 
old,  her  servants  seem  to  take  more  pleasure  in  the  rubbish  and  stones 
of  their  temple  tlian  in  the  perfect  structure.     A  convenient  site  has 

!•:  2 


52      Engl  is  Jl  CJiurch  History  in  Sonth  Africa 

not  apjiear  to  Lave  returned,*"  so  that  for  some  time 
Mr.  McClelland  at  Port  Elizabctli  was  the  sole  rejiresenta- 
tive  in  the  Eastern  Province  of  the  English  Church.  For,. 
although  ]Mr.  Wright  was  aj^pointed  Chai)lain  at  Bathurst 
in  January,  1828,  he  did  not  enter  upon  his  duties  there 
until  October,  1829,  continuing  to  ofiiciate  at  Wynberg 
(and  occasionally  at  Drooge  Vlei)  ;  nor  did  he  make  any 
provision  for  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  chaplaincy 
which  he  had  accepted,  and  of  which  he  enjoyed  the  sti2:)end. 
Meanwhile,  the  people  of  Bathurst  themselves  were  taking 
steps  towards  building  a  church,  at  a  public  meeting  held 
in  AjDril,  1829. 

A  third  and  at  last  successful  ejBfort  to  build  an  English 
church  in  Capetown  was  now  made.  At  a  public  meeting 
held  on  the  27th  August,  1829,  it  was  resolved  that  the 
former  scheme  of  raising  money  by  subscriptions  should  be 
relinquislied,  and  that  the  sum  of  £G,250  should  be  raised 
in  250  shares  of  £25  each.  This  sum,  added  to  the  £5,000 
granted  from  the  treasury  of  the  Colony,  and  £820  in  hand 
from  former  subscriptions  and  donations,  would  amount  to 
£12,070,  the  estimated  cost  of  a  building  to  be  called 
St.  George's  Church.  Directors,  and  a  committee  of 
managers,  were  appointed,  and  in  a  few  days  all  the  shares 
were  taken.  On  the  let  September,  an  ordinance,  drawn  U2> 
by  Mr.  Justice  Burton,  was  passed  by  the  Governor  and 
Council  (No.  4,  local)  for  authorising  a  sum  to  be  raised  in 
shares  for  erecting  an  English  church  at  Capetown.^  The 
work  of  the  foundation  was  at  once  begun  upon  the  conse- 


Lcen  granted  them,  and  we  sec  at  last  a  bridge  over  the  gutter  in 
front,  and  within  the  enclosure  some  rubbish  and  a  few  stones.  All 
other  clashes  have  phices  of  worship.  The  Episcopalians  alone  remain 
lukewarm  and  drowsy,  witliout  emulation,  slumbering  under  a  borrowed 
roof."    (-S'.  A.  a  Adi,  23id  ]\Iay,  182f).) 

*  Mr.  Ireland  died  in  Ceylon,  where  he  was  Chaplain  tu  the  Forces^ 
20th  January,  1S:]2. 

f  Appendix  C. 


English  Church  History  in  SontJi  Africa.      53 

crated  site,  but  the  formal  laying  of  the  foimdation  stone 
did  not  take  place  until  the  following  April. 

Only  two  years  had  elapsed  since  the  visit  of  Bishop 
James,  and  now  in  the  same  month  his  successor  in  the  See 
of  Calcutta,  Dr.  Turner,  arrived  in  Simon's  Bay.  The 
Bishop  made  but  a  short  stay,  arriving  with  Lord  Dalhousie 
on  October  8th  and  leaving  on  the  19th.  His  Lordship 
preached  in  the  reformed  Church  in  Capetown  on  Sunday 
evening,  October  11th,  to  the  English  congregation,  and 
held  a  confirmation  on  Sunday  the  18th,  when  180  candidates 
were  presented.  In  less  than  three  years  a  third  Bishop  of 
Calcutta  was  here.  A  choir  of  singers  was  at  this  time 
formed  under  the  new  organist,  Mr.  Corder,  and  made  its 
first  appearance  on  Christmas  Day.  But  Tate  and  Brady's 
metrical  Psalms  were  found  to  be  an  obstacle  to  these 
iittempts  at  improving  the  vocal  music,  and  Juhal  in  the 
C  G.  H.  Literavij  Gazette  (Jan.  1831)  suggests  that  "as  we 
are  not  under  the  thumb  of  any  power  in  this  Colony 
greater  than  that  of  our  own  officiating  Chaplain  in  spiritual 
matters,  a  selection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns  should  be  made 
by  the  Chaplain."* 

Even  now  the  building  of  St.  George's  was  not  making 
much  progress,  for  in  February,  1830,  the  following  jeu 
d'esp'it  appeared : — 

The  Church  in  danger  (of  not  heuig  hiiilt). 
For  shame,  for  shame  episcopalians, 
Outdone  by  other  pious  battalions  ! 
Cliapels,  conventicles,  and  public  places, 
Round  Capetown  raise  their  shining  faces, 
Whilst  the  poor,  dear,  old  Mother  Cliurch, 
Is  left  completely  in  the  lurch. 
What  is  the  reason  that  she  stands  so  still  ? 
Tlie  reason's  plain — Committee  want  the  will. 

Ajien — D. 

*  Tate  and  Brady's  version  continued  in  use,  however,  except  for  a 
short  time  during  Mr.  Lamb's  chaplaincy  at  St.  George's  in  1S4G-7, 
until  a  Hymnal  was  authorised  by  the  Diocesan  Synod  of  lSo7. 


54       English  ChiircJi  History  in  South  Africa. 

The  reason  for  the  delay  ^yas  a  clisjnite  as  to  the  plan. 
The  original  design  by  Mr.  Atkinson  was  set  aside  by  the 
Committee  on  the  grounds  of  being  objectionable  as  an  archi- 
tectural design,  and  as  not  affording  sufficient  accommodation 
without  running  a  gallery  too  near  the  middle  of  the 
church.*  The  Committee  therefore  accepted  another  design 
drawn  by  Mr.  Skirrow,  Government  architect,  under  the 
direction  of  Col.  Bell,  and  on  St.  George's  day,  23rd  April, 
1S30,  the  foundation  stone  was  solemnly  laid  by  Sir  Lowry 
Cole,  with  masonic  honours,  all  the  clergy  who  took  part 
in  the  proceedings  being  Free  Masons,  and  Mr.  Hough 
Provincial  Grand  Chaplain.  A  triumphal  arch,  from  which 
the  banner  of  St.  George  floated,  was  erected  at  the  principal 
entrance  to  the  site  and  the  streets  through  which  the  pro- 
cession was  to  pass  were  lined  with  troops.  At  11.30  a 
service  was  held  in  the  Dutch  Church,  where  prayers  were 
said  by  the  Eev.  F.  Fallows  and  an  appropriate  sermon 
preached  by  Mr.  Hough  from  Job  xxxviii.  4,  5,  6.  The  pro- 
cession then  formed  to  the  site  in  the  following  order  : — 

The  Bands  of  the  98th  and  72nd  Regiments. 

The  Brethren  of  the  Masonic  Lodges,  some  400  in 
number. 

Masonic  officials  bearing  banners,  lights,  corn,  oil,  and 
wine,  Masonic  emblems,  &c. 

The  Ministers  and  elders  of  the  several  Churches  in 
Cai)etown. 

Government  officials.     H.E.  the  Governor  and  stuff. 

On  arriving  at  the  grounds  the  anthem  "  When  earth's 
foundation  first  was  laid  "  was  sung,  and  a  prayer  offered  by 
Mr.  Hough,  after  which  the  stone  was  laid  with  the  usual 
ceremonies.  The  silver  trowel  used  by  tlie  Governor  bore 
this  inscription,  engraved  by  Major  Mitchell,  Surveyor- 
General  : — "  This  trowel  was  used  in  laying  the  foundation 


*  Com.  Adv.  March  13.     IMr.  Atkinsoii'a  design  is  defended  by  a 
correspondent,  March  24. 


English  CJiurcJi  History  in  SontJi  Africa.       55 

stone  of  the  Englisli  Episcopal  Cliurcl],  Capetown,  dedicated 
to  S.  George,  on  the  23d  April,  1830,  by  H.E.  Sir  G.  L. 
Cole,  K.C.B.,  &c.  &c.,  to  whom  it  was  afterwards  presented 
by  the  Hon.  Sir  J.  A.  Truter,  Kt.,  Provincial  Grand-Master 
for  South  Africa,  in  the  name  of  himself  and  the  Brethren 
of  the  Provincial  Grand  Lodge  of  the  Ancient  and  Honour- 
able Fraternity  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons  of  England." 
On  the  plate  deposited  in  the  cavity  of  the  stone  was  this 
inscription  : — Deo  opt :  max :  hunc  primum  lapidem  Templi 
in  usum  ecclesisB  inter  Colonos  Anglicanse,  Sancto  Georgio, 
dedicati  posuit  Honorab.  G.  L.  Cole,  G.C.B.,  Eques,  Pro- 
vinci?e  Bonte  Spei  Praefectus,  assidentibus  Judice  hujus 
Provincise  Supremo,  Scriba  Eebus  publicis  proeposito, 
Sacerdote  hujus  ecclesiae  Primario,  cum  amplissimo  fratrum 
Latomorum  comitatu,  Plaudente  etiam  non  indecoro  gaudio 
magna  j)opuli  frequentia.  a.d.  IX  Kal.  Mai.  Anno  Domini 
MDCCCXXX,  Auspic.  Georg.  IV  annum  jam  undecimum 
Britt.  et  Hib.  Eegnantis."  On  the  reverse  : — "  Hujus 
operis  civibus  commodissimi,  advenis  gratissimi,  Praeclaro 
huic  urbi  ornamento,  omnibus  qui  ad  pium  laborem  exi- 
gendum  operam  praestiterunt  Honori  ac  prsemio  habendi, 
Tantopere  sed  heu !  tam  diu  sperati,  tandem  incepti,  Deo 
Laus  et  Gloria."*  The  newspaper  report  adds  that  this 
spectacle  was  perhaps  one  of  the  most  imposing  sights  ever 
witnessed  at  the  Cape.  The  popularity  of  the  measure, 
which  had  from  various  causes  been  procrastinated  from 
year  to  year,  now  that  it  was  in  reality  about  to  be  accom- 
plished seemed  to  infuse  itself  into  all  classes  of  the 
inhabitants ;  and  this  circumstance  combined  with  the  fine- 
ness of  the  day  and  its  being  a  public  holiday,  drew  together 
a  larger  assemblage  of  persons  than  was  ever  witnessed 
before.  At  the  same  time  the  name  of  the  street  was,  at 
the  request  of  the  Trustees,  changed  by  the  Governor  from 
Bergh  Street  (which  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  neigh- 

*  S.  A.  Com.  Adv.,  28th  April,  1830. 


56      English  CluircJi  History  in  South  Africa. 

boiiving  BiiYQ  Street)  to  St.  George's  Street.  The  sum  of 
i:164  had  been  expended  ui)on  digging  the  foundations ;  and 
the  cost  of  hiving  the  foundation  stone,  including  coins,  silver 
plate,  and  box,  was  £18.  In  September  the  trustees  entered 
into  a  contract  for  the  erection  of  the  church,  to  seat  1100 
or  1200  persons  for  £12,000,  exclusive  of  enclosure,  gates, 
bells,  and  organ,  but  including  "  pulpit,  reading  and  clerk's 
desk,  and  the  whole  work  of  the  altar  (s/f),  including  lining 
at  the  back  of  the  same." 

At  Grahamstown  the  church,  also  St.  George's,  was  com- 
l^leted  and  used  for  Divine  Service,*  the  Rev.  W.  Carlisle, 
M.A.,  being  appointed  Chaplain.  The  church  at  Port 
Elizabeth  was  yet  unfinished.  The  walls  were  up  and.  had 
hitherto  braved  the  storm,  the  money  having  been  furnished 
by  private  subscription  and  a  loan  from  the  Orphan 
Chamber  f  but  the  temporary  church  was  becoming  too 
small  for  the  increasing  English  congregation,  and  the 
Committee  made  a  public  appeal  for  the  small  sum  of  £103, 
whicli  added  to  available  funds  would  enable  them  to  roof 
the  church,  and  put  it  in  a  fit  state  for  Divine  worship  at  a 
cost  of  £1043^  exclusive  of  glazing. 

Among  other  noteworthy  events  of  the  year  (1830)  is  the 
opening  of  a  new  organ  in  the  Dutch  Church  on  Sunda}^, 
July  11th.  At  the  English  Church  Services,  on  tliis 
occasion,  the  music  was  rendered  by  (in  addition  to  the 
organ)  the  band  of  the  72nd  Regiment  and  a  choir  of 
gentlemen.  The  anthem,  specially  composed  by  the  organist, 
Mr.  Corder,  was  from  the  98th  Psalm,  and  Mr.  Hough 
preached  from  the  text,  2  Chron.  v.  13. 

Mr.  Judge  had  been  appointed  Professor  of  Classics  at 
the  South  African  College  upon  its  foundation  in  1829  ;  but, 

*  Tho  cliurcli  pliitc  was  stolen  rmt  ot'tlio  clmich  i]i  ^Iiircli,  but  was 
afterwards  recovered.  A  correspondent  complains  that  the  front  seats, 
the  rents  of  which  were  £2  5<i.,  were  occupied  by  the  rank  and  fashion, 
while  the  back  seats  (£J    lOy.)  were  given  up  to  the  canaille. 


English  Church  History  in  Sonth  Africa.       57 

in  conscqueuce  of  a  resolution  of  the  Council  not  to  allow 
religious  instruction  to  be  given,  he  resigned  in  August, 
1830,  and  established  a  private  Grammar  School  in 
Capetown. 

Several  clerical  changes  took  place.  Mr.  Sturt,  Chaplain 
at  Simonstown,  died  in  September,  and  his  post  was  tempo- 
rarily filled  by  Rev.  Charles  Wimberley,  of  the  Bengal 
Establishment.  Towards  the  end  of  the  year  the  Eev.  Dr. 
Holt  Okes,  arrived  and  the  Eev.  John  Fry,  Chaplain  of 
H.M.S.  Maidstone,  aj)pears  as  occasionally  ofiftciating  for  the 
Colonial  Clergy  at  Stellenbosch  and  Clanwilliam.  It  has 
been  mentioned  that  Mr.  Wright,  S.P.G.  Missionary  at 
Wynberg,  had  accepted  the  Chaplaincy  at  Bathurst,  but  did 
not  enter  its  duties  until  October,  1829.  His  residence  at 
Bathurst  was  of  short  duration,  and  was  moreover  broken 
by  an  absence,  during  which  he  visited  several  military 
outposts  upon  the  frontier.  From  a  draft  of  the  report 
prepared  by  him  for  the  Colonial  Government  at  the 
close  of  1829,  it  appears  that  he  had  up  to  that  time 
admininistered  Holy  Communion  but  once  at  Bathurst,  and 
once  at  Port  Frances  (now  Port  Alfred).  Yet  in  that  report 
he  expressed  an  opinion  that  the  influence  of  the  Wesley  an 
body  had  declined  in  his  parish,  an  opinion  which  is  imper- 
fectly borne  out  by  the  facts ;  for  there  v/ere  at  that  time 
five  Wesleyan  Chapels  within  the  parish,  and  steps  were 
being  taken  to  build  a  sixth  in  the  village  of  Bathurst 
itself,  with  a  Mission  House  adjoining.  In  March,  1830, 
Mr.  Wright  left  Bathurst  for  Capetown  in  order  to  be 
married,  and  did  not  return,  but  made  arrangements  with 
the  Rev.  George  Shepheard  Porter,  M.A. — a  clergyman  then 
on  a  visit  to  the  Cape  for  his  health — to  become  his  locum 
icnens  while  he  proceeded  to  Ed  gland  on  leave  of  absence. 
On  the  expiration  of  that  leave  the  Governor,  Sir  Lowry 
Cole,  wrote  to  the  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies 
expressing  disapprobation  of  Mr.  Wright's  conduct,  and 
Mr.   Wright    was   required   either   to    give   a   satisfactory 


58       EnglisJi   ChurcJi  History  in  SontJi  Africa. 

explanation  of  liis  absence  from  liis  duties  after  the  exjnra- 
tion  of  his  leave,  or  to  resign  his  office.  He  chose  the  latter 
alternative,  hut  applied  for  an  appointment  elsewhere.  To 
this  the  rejily  ^Yas  that  Lord  Goderieh  accepted  his  resigna- 
tion, but  could  hold  out  no  hope  that  he  would  ever  be 
employed  in  connexion  with  the  Colonial  Department  again. 
These  are  the  real  facts  of  the  case,  the  opposite  side  of 
which  has  been  stated  with  partizan  warmth  by  his  friend 
Pringle,  who  says*  :— "  The  S.P.G.,  instead  of  affording 
due  encouragement  and  support  to  their  African  Missionary 
gave  ready  reception  to  secret  calumnious  rei)orts  from  the 
most  im23ure  sources  (through  whatever  channels  conveyed), 
and  acted  upon  them  in  preference  to  the  favourable  state- 
ments of  the  upright  General  Bourke,  who  became  the  warm 
friend  of  Dr.  Wright,  and  made  arrangements  for  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duties  upon  the  frontier.  The  S.P.G.,  how- 
ever, not  only  discountenanced  those  arrangements  after 
they  had  received  the  sanction  of  the  Secretary  of  State, 
but  treated  Dr.  Wright  with  such  injustice  that  being  at 
the  same  time  assailed  with  violent  popular  prejudice  in  the 
Colony  on  account  of  liis  opinions  in  favour  of  the  coloured 
race,  he  returned  to  England  in  1830.  Here,  unable  to 
obtain  either  redress  or  investigation,  and  treated  by  the 
managers  of  the  Society  with  the  most  supercilious  disregard, 
he  had  no  alternative  but  to  resign  his  Colonial  ajipoint- 
ments."  Mr.  Wright  was  undoubtedly  a  man  of  consider- 
able literary  attainments,  besides  his  translation  of  Seiler's 
Hermeneutics,  he  published  in  1831  a  comprehensive  treatise 
on  "  Slavery  at  tlie  Cape  of  Good  Hope ;  "  he  is  also  said  to 
have  had  some  share  with  ]\Ir.  Fairbairn  and  Dr.  Philip  in 
bringing  about  tlio  enactment  of  the  famous  protective 
Ordinance,  No.  50,  of  1828.  He  was  a  good  preacher,  and 
his  University  (Dublin)  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 

*  l»oetical  Works  f.f  T.  Prin-U',  kc,  London,  Moxon,  1S38,  8vo., 
note  to  the  "  Emi'Taiit'.s  Ciibin." 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.       59 

LL.D.  But  he  was  charged  by  many  with  being  in  private 
life  careless,  in  discreet,  and  imin-ovident.  He  was  deeply 
involved  in  debt  when  he  left  the  Colony,  and  his  library 
was  sold  under  legal  process  to  satisfy  a  preferrent  creditor.* 
Moreover,  his  conduct  in  delaying  so  long  to  enter  upon  the 
duties  of  the  Chaplaincy  which  he  had  accepted  at  Bathurst, 
or  to  make  provision  for  their  discharge,  cannot  be  defended. 
Mr.  Porter,  who  became  locum  tenens  at  Bathurst,  and 
occupied  that  post  for  upwards  of  three  years,  was  possessed 
of  private  means,  and  generously  devoted  the  whole  of  his 
income  as  Chaplain  to  the  building  of  the  church  at  that 
2>lace. 

*  Summons  by  Edict,  183G.  Sale  1st  June,  1839  (Gazette).  Dr. 
Wright  afterwards  held  a  Chaplaincy  on  the  Continent,  but  seems  to 
have  spent  the  latter  part  of  his  life  in  London,  where  he  died  about 
thirty  years  ago. 


6o      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 


CHAPTEK  VII. 

1S31-1835. 


CArETOWX. 

WiUtanj  (1807). 

Kev.  B.  C.  Goodison,  182G- 

1832. 
Eev.  H.  G.  P.  Cooke,  1832. 
Eev.   E.    J.    Burrow,    D.D. 

(acting),  1832-1834. 
Eev.  G.  Hough  and  E.  Judge 

(acting),  1834-1840. 

Colonial  (1811). 
Eev.  G.  Hougb,  1817-1847. 

SiMONSTOWN  (1813). 

Eev.  C.  Wimberley  (acting), 

1830-1831. 
Eev.  H.  Eraser,  1831-1839. 


Bathurst  (1820). 
Eev.  G.  S.   Porter  (acting), 

1830-1833. 


Wtnberg  (1821). 
Eev.      E.    Judge      (acting), 

1832-1835. 
Eev.  Holt  Okes,  D.D.,  1834- 

1847. 

GllAIIAMSTOWX  (1823). 
Eev.  W.  Carlisle,  1830-1838. 

Port  Elizabeth  (1825). 
I  Eev.  F.  McClelland,    1825- 

1      1853. 

I 

EONDEBOSCH  (1834). 

Eov.  E.  Judge,  1834-1840. 


In  July,  1831,  the  Eev.  Henry  Eraser,  B.A.,  of  Trinity 
College,  Duldin,  was  ajjpointed  Chaplain  at  Simonstown  ; 
and  in  the  same  month  the  Eev.  Ecaron  Fallows,  A.E., 
died  in  Capetown  on  the  eve  of  his  return  to  Europe. 

We  notice  now  some  slight  increase  of  activity  in  church 
building.  The  S.P.C.K.  had  placed  a  sum  of  £2,000  at  the 
disposal  of  the  Governor  (Sir  L.  Colo)  for  furthering  tho 
religious  interests  of  tlie  Colony,  according  to  a  mode 
of  appropriation  recommended  l)y  him  and  ajiproved  by  tho 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      6i 

Society.  The  building  of  St.  George's,  Capetown,  was  j^ro- 
gressing,  the  instalments  upon  the  shares  being  called  up  in 
regular  order  ;  and  subscription  lists  were  oj)ened  for  an 
organ  and  a  peal  of  bells, — £154  for  the  former  and  £40 
for  the  latter  having  already  been  promised  by  Capt.  Fair- 
fax and  his  friends.  At  Bathurst  it  was  resolved  at  a 
public  meeting  held  on  the  14th  September,  1831,  to  raise 
a  sum  of  money  by  shares  for  building  a  church,  and  in 
June,  1832,  the  Bathurst  Church  ordinance  was  passed, 
authorizing  the  sum  of  £520  to  be  raised  in  104  shares  of 
£5  each,  which,  added  to  the  grants  of  £250  from  the 
Colonial  Treasury  and  £250  or  £300  from  the  S.P.C.K. 
would  amount  to  £1,000,  the  estimated  cost  of  the 
building. 

A  church  was  also  being  built  at  Rondebosch,  and  on 
the  16th  July  a  meeting  was  held  at  Wynberg  to  consider 
the  question  of  building  a  church,  and  tenders  were  called 
for  (Oct.  29).  At  St.  George's  Capetown,  it  was  proi)osed  to 
substitute  teakwood  for  painted  deal  pews  at  an  additional 
cost  of  £393,  and  to  lay  the  floor  in  deal  instead  of  in  Cape 
bricks.  The  burial  ground  in  Somerset  Eoad  was  also 
enclosed  with  a  wall,  the  stone  for  which  was  furnished  gratis 
from  the  Government  quarries. 

The  Eev.  B.  C.  Goodison,  Military  Chaplain  in  Cape- 
town and  acting  Chaplain  at  Wynberg,  had  died  after  a 
lingering  illness  in  February,  1832 ;  and  the  Eev.  H.  G. 
Pauncefoote  Cooke,  B.A.,  who  had  been  some  time  in  the 
Colony,  became  acting  Military  Chaplain,  and  Mr.  Judge 
was  appointed  acting  Chaplain  at  Wynberg,  both  being  in 
Deacon's  Orders  only.  The  Eev.  John  Heavyside,  from  the 
Mauritius,  described  as  "  Minister  and  Missionary "  was 
holding  services  at  Stellenbosch  and  other  country  places 
near  Capetown. 

During  the  year  1832  there  was  a  third  visit  from  a 
Bishop  of  Calcutta.  On  the  consecration  of  Bishop  Daniel 
Wilson  the  usual  commission  was  issued  to  enable  him  to 


-62      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

discharge  his  episcopal  fuoctloiis  at  the  Cape ;  he  was  also 
authorized  to  hold  au  Ordination  under  letters  dimissory 
from  the  Bishop  of  London,  and  wrote  to  give  notice  of  his 
intention  to  call  at  the  Cape  on  his  voyage  to  India.  But 
on  his  arrival  in  Table  Bay  on  the  31st  August,  1832,  it 
appeared  that  the  despatches  forwarded  a  mouth  before  he 
sailed  had  not  yet  been  received,  and  the  Bishop  was  not 
expected.  He  was,  however,  warmly  welcomed  by  the 
Governor  and  leading  inhabitants,  and  arrangements  were 
at  once  made  for  the  ten  days  of  his  contemplated  stay.  On 
Sunday,  2nd  September,  the  Bishop  preached  at  the  morning 
service  *  in  the  Dutch  Church  and  administered  the  Holy 
Communion  to  nearly  two  hundred  communicants.  He  also 
visited  the  Sunday  Schools,  and  the  next  day  examined  all 
the  schools  in  Capetown,  amongst  them  Lady  Frances 
Cole's  newly  founded  School  of  Industry.  Tuesday  was 
given  to  business  and  the  settlement  of  some  matters  in  the 
Colony  by  no  means  free  from  embarrassment;  and  on 
Wednesday  the  Bishop  consecrated  the  ground  on  which 
the  church  was  being  built  at  Rondebosch,  and  the  sites  of 
the  proposed  church  and  burial-ground  at  Wynbcrg.  Tlie 
temporary  cottage  church  at  Wynberg  was  little  better  than 
a  small  barn ;  but  on  tliis  occasion  all  the  celebrities  of 
Capetown  crowded  into  it  and  listened  to  a  sermon,  which  at 
their  particular  request  was  afterwards  written  out  and  left 
behind  for  publication.!  On  Thursday  the  Bishop  attended 
a  meeting  of  the  District  Committee  of  the  Society  for 
Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  and  also  sj)oke  at  a  public 

*  His  text  was  Col.  iii.  11,  and  the  sermon  is  described  by  tlie  Kcv. 
B.  Shaw,  wlio  was  i)rcscut,  as  "  truly  cvaii.i^elical."  "■  ^Memorials  of 
■South  Africa,"  p.  201. 

t  The  Digniiy  o/  J'uhlir'M'onhip. — A  seniiou  delivered  at  AVynber-x, 
Cape  of  Good  ]Ioi)c,  on  the  occasion  of  consecrating  grounds  as  sites 
for  a  church  and  churchyard  at  that  j)lace,  by  Daniel,  Bishop  of 
Calcutta.  Printed  and  published  l>y  (ieorge  Greig,  Keizer^grachf, 
■Capetown,  Svo.,  i>p.  27,  18:]3. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      6^ 

meeting  in  reply  to  an  Address  wliicli  was  presented  to  him. 
Meanwhile  the  examination  of  two  candidates  for  priest's 
orders— the  Eev.  E.  Judge,  M.A.,  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge,  and  the  Kev.  G.  P.  Cooke,  B.A.,  of  Exeter 
College,  Oxford — had  been  progressing  from  day  to  day, 
«,nd  on  Friday  the  results  were  submitted  to  the  BishojD. 
The  vim  voce  examination  followed,  and,  all  being  deemed 
satisfactory,  Sunday  was  fixed  for  the  Ordination.  On  the 
intervening  day  Simonstown  was  visited.  All  there  was  in 
holiday  trim, — the  shops  shut  up,  the  sliijDS  and  public 
buildings  decorated  with  flags ;  and,  in  a  little  meeting- 
house rented  by  the  Government  for  £50  per  annum,  the 
Bishop  performed  his  first  real  episcopal  act.  The  whole 
community  assembled,  the  admiral  was  present,  the  Governor 
had  ridden  over  in  the  morning,  whilst  the  Bishop  confirmed 
sixty-six  young  persons,  and  afterwards  preached  from 
Eomans  xii.  1.  Many  were  affected  to  tears,  and  the 
Governor  begged  for  a  copy  of  the  sermon  for  his  private 
use.  After  the  service  steps  were  taken  for  the  erection  of 
a  church.  A  letter  was  addressed  to  the  Admiralty,  and 
subscriptions  commenced,  which  found  the  Bishop  a  ready 
contributor. 

Some  necessary  alterations  were  required  to  adapt  the 
only  building  available — the  Dutch  Church — for  the  pur- 
poses of  an  Ordination ;  these  were  willingly  allowed,  and 
on  Sunday,  September  9th,  the  first  Anglican  Ordination 
was  held  in  South  Africa,  under  a  special  commission  from 
the  Bishop  of  London.  Every  part  of  the  large  building 
was  crowded  to  excess.  The  Ordination  sermon  was 
jDreached  by  the  Bishop  himself  from  the  address  of  S.  Paul 
to  the  elders  of  the  Church  at  Ephesus,  and  the  two  deacons 
were  admitted  to  the  priesthood  with  the  usual  impressive 
services.  In  the  afternoon  the  Bishop  addressed  the 
children  of  the  Sunday  School.  Monday  was  the  last  day, 
and  though  much  pressed  to  prolong  his  stay,  the  wind  was 
too  fair  and  fickle  to  render  it  expedient,  and  a  communication 


64      EiiglisJi  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

from  the  captain  tlecicled  tlie  don1)t  in  the  negative.  At  lialf- 
past  nine  in  tlie  morning,  therefore,  Confirmation  was 
administered  to  two  hundred  and  forty  candidates,  many  of 
them  cdd  and  greyheaded.  "  An  aftccting  farewell  address 
followed,  closing  the  religions  services  of  the  visitation ;  and 
then,  Avith  many  tears,  they  bade  llie  Bishop  God-speed,  and 
accompanied  him  to  tlie  r,liip.  The  good  savour  of  his  visit 
lonf'  remained.  Three  hundred  persons  confirmed,  two  sites 
for  church  and  churchyards  consecrated,  four  sermons 
preached,  Holy  Communion  twice  celebrated,  an  Ordination 
held,  a  public  meeting  addressed,  schools  examined,  pastoral 
letters  to  distant  stations  written,  many  valuable  friends 
made,  some  charity  dispensed,  and  a  whole  box  of  books  left 
behind  for  gratuitous  presentation.  The  ten  days  thus 
passed,  were,  lie  says,  amongst  the  most  happy  of  his  life, 
from  '  the  relief,  the  contrast,  the  unexpectedness,  the  wide 
scenes  of  usefulness  presented,  and  the  spiritual  blessings 
vouchsafed.'  "  ^ 

A  correspondent  at  this  time  complains  of  the  noisy  and 
discordant  way  in  which  the  Sun-^Iay  Scliool  boys  resi)ond, 
and  appeals  to  the  congregation  to  assist  in  singing  the 
Psalms.  A  handsome  silver  service  of  Communion  plate  was 
presented  to  the  English  Church  in  Capetown  by  Mr.  Francis 
CoUison,  and  used  for  the  first  time  on  Christmas  Day,  1832. 

In  1833  the  Church  lost  a  true  friend  in  Sir  Lowry 
Cole,t  who  resigned  the  Governorship  of  the  Colony. 
Numerous  addresses  were  presented  to  him  on  leaving, 
among  them  onel  from  the  "  Minister  and  Trustees  of  the 
English  Episcopal  Church  of  S.  George,  Capetown,"  in 
which  they  say  : — 

*  "Life  of  r.ishop  Wilson,"  by  Ilcv.  J.  Batcman.  (:Muvray8,  1860, 
2  vols.  8vo.,  vol.  i.  p.  301),  from  which  most  of  tlic  •btaild  of  this  visit 
are  taken. 

t  Sir  L.  Cole  resided  at  the  present  Bishop's  Court,  then  called 
Bosohheuvcl,  the  property  of  the  Maynier  family,  and  by  him  named 
Proten. 

X  Government  Gazette,  Sept.  1833. 


English  Chitrch  History  in  So7ith  Africa.      65 

"It  devolves  upon  us  in  an  especial  manner,  as  the 
natural  organ  of  conveying  to  your  Excellency  a  declara- 
tion of  the  sentiments  of  a  numerous  and  increasing  body  of 
persons  in  the  communion  of  the  English  Episcopal  Church 
established  in  this  place,  to  seize  the  opportunity  now 
presented  to  us,  for  submitting  our  sincere  acknowledg- 
ments of  the  favourable  attention  and  readiness  to  comply 
with  our  wishes  and  suggestions,  that  have  always  marked 
the  series  of  your  Excellency's  official  steps  and  corre- 
spondence in  relation  to  that  cause,  which  is  the  cause  of 
good  sense  and  rational  piety,  and  interwoven  with  interests 
most  dear  to  us,  as  Britons  and  as  men ;  and  we  gladly, 
Sir,  confess, — a  confession  based  on  known  and  local  facts, 
that  if  the  dignity  as  well  as  the  usefulness  of  that  branch 
of  our  pure  and  scriptural  Church  in  this  Colony,  and  the 
due  celebration,  in  any  adequate  and  effective  measure,  of 
the  ordinances  of  public  worship,  according  to  her  ritual 
and  discipline,  may  be  henceforth  assured  to  us,  such 
benefits  are  to  be  mainly  attributed,  under  God's  blessing, 
to  the  determination  manifested  in  the  earliest  days  of  your 
Excellency's  rule,  and  subsequently  followed  up  by  corre- 
sj)onding  action,  to  promote  the  erection  of  a  fit  sanctuary 
at  the  seat  of  Government  wherein  we  might  worship)  our 
Creator  and  Redeemer  in  conformity  to  the  custom  of  our 
fathers.  To  a  heart  like  yours,  Sir,  the  remembrance  of 
this  good  deed  must  ever  be  a  source  of  genuine  pleasure. 
And  by  us,  and  by  our  children  after  us,  it  will  be  grate- 
fully recorded  as  an  honour  to  your  name,  when  your  mortal 
remains  lie  mouldering  in  the  oblivion  of  the  grave." 

In  his  reply  the  Governor  speaks  of  the  gratification 
which  the  recollection  affords  of  having  had  it  in  his  j)Ower 
to  "  assist  in  the  fulfilment  of  so  laudable  a  desire  as  the 
erection  in  Capetown  of  a  fit  sanctuary  for  the  performance 
of  Divine  service,  and  that  the  handsome  building  now  in 
progress  was  commenced  (I  wish  I  could  add  finished)  dur- 
ing my  administration  of  the  Government  of  the  Colony." 

F 


66      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

He  attributes  the  merit  of  tlie  undertaking  to  tlie  unwearied 
and  persevering  zeal  of  tlie  Chief  Secretary,  Col.  Bell,  to 
whom  thanks  are  due  for  the  erection  of  St.  George's  Church, 
"  which  will,  I  trust,  long  bear  testimony  to  his  industry 
and  good  taste."  His  Excellency  concludes  : — "  I  may  be 
here  permitted  to  dwell  with  satisfaction  on  the  high  and 
flattering  confidence  bestowed  on  me  by  the  venerable  Society 
for  Promoting  Christian  Knowledge,  in  leaving  at  my  dis- 
posal so  liberal  a  donation  as  £2,000  for  the  purpose  of 
building  schools  and  churches  in  the  Colony,  enabling  mo 
thereby  to  assist  the  laudable  exertions  of  our  brethren  in 
the  other  districts  of  the  Colony  in  erecting  suitable  places 
of  worship." 

The  Wynberg  Church  Ordinance  was  passed  in  November 
to  authorize  the  raising  of  the  sum  of  £750  in  150  shares  of 
£5  each,  to  meet  the  S.P.C.K.  grant  of  £150  and  donations, 
which  would  bring  the  amount  up  to  £1,500,  the  estimated 
cost  of  building  a  church  on  the  site  given  by  the  Governor, 
and  lately  consecrated  by  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta.  About 
the  same  time  the  present  church  at  Simonstown  was  begun, 
to  replace  the  old  church  which  had  fallen  to  ruin. 

Dr.  Wright  had  at  last  been  compelled  to  resign  the 
Chaplaincy  of  Bathurst,  and  the  Kev.  J.  Barrow  was  ap- 
pointed to  succeed  him  (15th  May,  1833).  The  Military 
Cliaplaincy  in  Capetown  was,  for  some  years  after  the  death 
of  Mr.  Goodison  in  1831,  only  temporarily  filled  by  acting 
appointments  of  the  colonial  or  of  visiting  clergy :  from 
March,  1832,  until  March,  1834,  it  was  held  by  the  Kev.  E. 
J,  Burrow,  D.D.,  who  had  arrived  at  the  Cape  on  a  visit  in 
1831.  Among  other  clerical  visitors  during  the  year  1833 
was  the  Von.  Dr.  Robinson,  Archdeacon  of  Madras,  who 
preached  a  scriiK^n  on  Feb.  17  in  aid  of  the  Lower  Infant 
School,  but  although  there  was  a  crowded  congregation  the 
amount  of  collection  was  only  £18. 

The  newly  appointed  Governor,  Sir  Benjamin  D'Urban, 
on  arriving  in  the  Colony  in  1831,  had  instructions  to  intro- 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      6^ 

duce  several  social  and  political  changes,  involving  reforms 
in  tlie  Supreme  Court  of  Justice,  and  the  creation  of  a 
Legislative  Council ;  the  abolition  of  slavery  now  also  took 
effect.  At  the  same  time  a  scheme  of  retrenchment  was 
introduced  by  the  Home  Government,  and  the  salaries  of 
several  officials  reduced,  among  them  being  that  of  the 
senior  Colonial  Chaplain  in  Capetown,  which  was  reduced 
from  £700  to  £600  a  year. 

The  newly  built  church  at  Eondebosch*  was  opened  for 
Divine  service  on  the  17th  February,  and  the  Kev.  E.  Judge 
appointed  acting  Chaplain  (1st  March,  1834).  The  Wynberg 
Church  would  also  have  been  opened  this  year,  but  it  was 
washed  away  by  heavy  rains  in  July,  before  the  roof  was 
finished.  The  Kev.  Dr.  Holt  Okes  was  aj)pointed  to  act  as 
Chaplain  at  Wynberg  provisionally  until  His  Majesty's 
pleasure  was  known  (30  Oct.,  1834),  and  this  provisional 
arrangement  continued  for  many  years. 

St.  George's,  Capetown,  was  approaching  completion,  and 
a  meeting  of  shareholders  was  held  in  October,  for  the  j^ur- 
pose  of  balloting  for  priority  in  the  choice  of  pews.  At 
last,  on  St.  Thomas's  Day,  21st  Dec,  1834,  St.  George's 
Church  was  opened  for  Divine  service,  after  the  members  of 
the  Church  in  Capetown  had  been  indebted  to  the  Dutch 
congregation  for  twenty-seven  years  for  the  use  of  a  building 

*  This,  though  also  called  St.  Paul's,  was  not  the  present  St.  Paul's, 
Rondebosch,  but  a  smaller  church,  afterwards  used  as  the  chancel.  A 
grandiloquent  advertisement  of  the  Rustenburg  estate  (183G)  speaks 
of  "  the  beautiful  village  church  of  Eondebosch  raising  its  sacred  head 
above  the  surrounding  woods,  and  from  its  belfry  pouring  forth  the 
solemn  yet  pleasing  sound  of  the  church-going  bell."  The  site  upon 
which  the  church  was  built  appears  to  have  been  formerly  a  location 
of  coloured  squatters,  for  in  a  sermon  preached  at  the  fifth  anniversary 
(1839)  by  the  Eev.  H.  Fraser,  he  contrasts  the  j^rescnt  condition  of  the 
spot  with  what  it  was  a  few  years  past,  "  a  receptacle  for  the  veriest 
outcasts — a  scene  whereon  the  wretched  aboriginal  steeped  himself  in 
all  those  vices  which  he  had  learned  from  the  ungodly  stranger,  a 
place  loathsome  to  the  eye  and  offensive  to  the  ear,  &c." 

F  2 


6S      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

for  public  worship.  Mr.  Shaw,  the  "Wcsleyan  missionary, 
thus  notices  the  event  :* — "  The  Rev.  G.  Hough  preached  an 
eloquent  and  impressive  sermon  to  a  crowded  assembly,  and 
the  school  children  surrounding  the  organ  sang  delightfully. 
The  building  is  elegant  and  spacious,  affording  ample 
accommodation  for  the  poor,  and  no  longer  can  the  English 
inhabitants  complain  for  want  of  a  suitable  place  for  public 
devotion.  When  the  Son  of  Man  shall  come  in  His  glory, 
and  all  nations  shall  stand  at  His  bar,  then 

"  jMay  it  before  tlie  world  appear, 
That  crowds  were  born  to  glory  here ! " 

The  church,  which  had  bsen  five  years  in  building,  had  cost 
up  to  this  time  £10,000,  but  its  final  and  total  cost  was 
considerably  more,  and  for  many  years  there  remained  a 
debt  of  £7.000  upon  it.  About  the  same  time  that  St. 
George's,  Capetown,  was  being  opened  for  Divine  worship, 
its  namesake  at  Grahamstown  was  being  fortified  with 
wagons  and  artillery  to  serve  as  a  magazine  and  storehouse 
for  ammunition,  and  as  a  j)lace  of  refuge  in  case  of  need  for 
the  wives  and  children  of  the  unfortunate  frontier  settlers, 
who  had  been  driven  from  their  homes  by  the  outbreak  of 
the  disastrous  Kafir  war  which  closed  the  year.  The  Colony 
continued  in  a  very  unsettled  and  depressed  state  through- 
out the  whole  year  1835  in  consequence  of  the  Kafir  war 
then  raging,  and  the  distress  and  destitution  to  which  the 
inhabitants  of  the  frontier  districts  had  been  suddenly  re- 
duced, their  direct  losses  being  estimated  at  nearly  £290,000. 
Naturally,  theref  >re,  Church  matters  were  almost  at  a  stand- 
still, the  only  event  worthy  of  record  during  the  year  being 
the  visit  of  Dr.  Daniel  Corrie,  first  Bishop  of  ]\[adriis,  who 
arrived  on  Sept.  7th,  and  held  a  confirmation  in  St.  George's 
— the  first  episcopal  function  exercised  in  that  church — on 
Friday,  Sept.  11th,  at  11  a.m.,  and  sailed  again  for  his 
Diocese  on  the  13th. 

"  *'  ]Memoirs  of  Soutli  Africa,"  hy  IIcv.  B.  Shaw,  1811,  p.  218. 


English  Chw'ch  History  in  South  Africa.      6g 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

1836—1840. 


Capetown. 

Militanj  (1807). 

Eev.    E.     Judge     (acting), 

1834-1810. 
Rev.  T;  A.  Blair  (acting), 
1840-1841. 


Clergy. 

Gkahamstown  (1823). 

Rev.  W.  Carlisle,  1830-1838. 
Rev.    J.    Heavyside,    1838- 
1861. 


Poet  Elizabeth  (1825). 

Rev.   F.  McClelland,  1825- 
1853. 

RONDEBOSCH  (1834). 

Rev.  E.  Judge,  1834-1840. 
Rev.  J.  Fry,  1840-1861. 


Colonial  (1811). 
Rev.  G.  Hough,  1817-1847. 

SiMONSTOWN  (1813). 

Rev.  H.  Eraser,  1831-1839. 
Rev.  E.  Judge,  1840-1872. 

Bathurst  (1820). 

Rev.  J.  Barrow,  1833-1874.      ^\^;.  J'.  '^'  ^^^^^^•«'  ^•^•^- 

Missionary. 

Wynberg  (1821).  Ptev.  E.  Owen,  C.M.S.  Mis- 

Rev.  Holt  Okes,  1834-1847.         sionary. 

The  Blue  Book  for  the  year  1836  gives  the  following 
statistics  of  the  English  Church  in  South  Africa  at  this 
time.  The  extent  of  the  parish  of  St.  George's,  Capetown, 
is  estimated  at  nine  and  a  half  square  miles,  with  a  popula- 
tion (presumably  of  Church  people  only)  of  3,800.  The 
church  would  contain  1,150  people,  and  the  average  Sunday 
congregation  was  950.  The  value  of  the  living  is  set  down 
at  £600.  Besides  the  Sunday  services  in  the  church,  the 
children  of  the  English  poor,  free  blacks,  and  others,  were 


70      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

catechized  every  Sunday  afternoon  in  the  adjoining 
Government  school.  The  extent  of  the  parish  of  Wynberg 
was  2,584:  square  miles,  comprising  the  whole  of  the  Capo 
Division,  with  a  population  of  1,050.  The  living  was  worth 
£80  a  year,  and  the  church,  which  would  contain  150 
peo2)le,  had  an  average  attendance  of  120.  At  Simonstown, 
where  service  was  held  in  the  Wesleyan  ChajDcl,  the  popu- 
lation was  1,309,  tlie  usual  congregation  250,  and  the 
income  £350,  besides  which  the  Chaplain  had  an  allowance 
of  £52  a  year  from  the  Koyal  Navy.  At  Port  Elizabeth,  out 
of  a  population  of  1,028,  and  with  a  church  which  would 
contain  400,  the  ordinary  Sunday  attendance  was  only  100. 
St.  George's,  Grahamstown,  would  contain  700  people  out  of 
the  population  of  4,800,  and  had  generally  a  congregation 
of  420 ;  while  Bathurst,  with  a  population  of  1,300,  had  a 
church  which  would  contain  300,  but  one-third  of  which 
only  was  ordinarily  filled.  The  income  of  each  of  the 
three  last-named  places  was  £200  a  year.  In  September, 
an  evening  service — which  had  been  discontinued  since  the 
days  of  Dr.  Halloran  in  1811 — was  begun  at  St.  George's, 
Capetown,  and  seems  to  have  been  very  well  attended, 
especially  by  the  i^oorer  classes.  A  newspaper  corre- 
spondent,* however,  complains  of  improper  characters  being 
jillowed  to  occupy  the  same  free  seats  as  the  virtuous ! 
Another  takes  exception,  with  more  reason,  to  an  advertise- 
ment of  a  special  sermon  to  be  preached  by  Mr.  Hough  on 
the  21st  of  February,  on  behalf  of  the  S.  A.  Infant  Schools  ; 
the  advertisement  announcing  that  "  it  is  tbe  intention  of 
H.E.  the  Governor  and  Lady  D'Urban  to  be  present,"  as  if 
with  the  object  of  drawing  a  fuller  congregation.  Another 
correspondent  laments  the  absence  of  the  English  Church 
Clergy  from  the  annual  meeting  in  Capetown  of  the  L.M.S., 
and  of  the  Church's  neglect  to  aid  in  the  spread  of  the 
Gospel  among  the  heathen  in  this  land.     An  attempt  to 


*  ,S'.  A.  Com.  AiJr.,  ])fissiin,  183G. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      yi 

remove  this  last  well-deserved  reproach  was  made  in  the 
following  year.  Capt.  Allen  Gardner,  an  enthusiastic 
Missionary  pioneer,  having  travelled  through  Natal,  on  his 
return  to  England  induced  the  Church  Missionary  Society 
to  establish  a  Mission  among  the  Zulus,  then  ruled  by  the 
notorious  tyrant,  Dingaan.  The  Eev.  Francis  Owen,  M.A., 
was  selected  for  the  work,  and  with  his  wife,  sister,  and 
Miss  Williams,  accompanied  Capt.  Gardner  to  Natal ;  his 
parting  instructions  (which  are  of  very  great  interest)  from 
the  parent  Society  being  dated  8th  November,  1836.* 
During  the  stay  of  the  Mission  party  in  Capetown,  on  their 
way  to  Natal,  a  public  meeting  was  held  in  the  Commercial 
Exchange  (15th  March,  1837),  at  which  the  Governor  pre- 
sided, to  establish  a  branch  of  the  Church  Missionary 
Society  in  South  Africa.  The  following  resolution  was 
adopted :  "  That  this  meeting  fully  recognises  the  duty 
incumbent  on  Christians  to  employ  all  suitable  means  of 
propagating  the  Gospel  throughout  the  world,  and  hails 
with  thankfulness  to  the  Great  Head  of  the  Church  the 
labours  of  the  C.M.S.  in  its  various  stations  in  heathen 
lands,  and  among  decayed  Christian  Churches."  An  asso- 
ciation was  formed,  entitled  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  Church 
Missionary  Association,  with  the  Governor  as  President ; 
Vice-Presidents,  Col.  Bell,  Judge  Kekewich,  Dr.  Murray, 
Eevs.  G.  Hough  and  H.  Eraser;  Treasurer,  Mr.  Gierke 
Burton ;  Secretaries,  Eev.  E.  Judge  and  Mr.  W.  Buchanan.f 
There  seemed  every  prospect  that  the  Association  would 
flourish.  In  May  the  donations  exceeded  £100,  and  the 
promised  annual  subscriptions  amounted  to  £80.  But  for 
some  reason  this  newly  aroused  interest  in  Missions  soon 
flagged,  and  the  Capetown  Association  held  no  anniversary 
meeting,  and  presented  no  report  for  more  than  two  years. 


*  These  instructions  are  puLlishcJ  in  full  in  the  S.  A.  Com.  Adv. 
April,  1837. 

t  S.  A.  Com  Adv.,  March,  1837. 


72      E^iglish  ChnrcJi  History  in  Sojith  Africa. 

IVIeanwliile  Mr.  Owen's  Mission  party  had  settled  at 
Natal,  and  had  been  allowed  by  Dingaan  to  establish  them- 
selves near  Ungungunhlovi,  the  Chief's  "  great  place "  or 
capital,  on  the  White  Imfolosi  Kiver.  Mr.  Owen  became 
the  medium  of  communication  between  Dingaan  and  the 
emigrant  Boers,  and  assisted  in  drawing  up  the  treaty  by 
•which  Natal  was  professedly  granted  to  the  Boers ;  but  soon 
after  (4th  Feb.,  1838)  he  and  his  fellow-workers  were 
witnesses  of  the  dreadful  scene  of  the  treacherous  massacre 
of  Eetief  and  his  companions  by  the  Zulus.  The  Mission 
party  sat  in  their  hut  expecting  every  moment  to  share  the 
fate  of  the  unfortunate  Boers,  in  expectation  of  which 
3Ir.  Owen  read  the  91st  Psalm  and  offered  earnest  prayers 
of  commendation  to  God  ;  but  Dingaan  sent  them  word  that 
they  need  not  fear,  the  farmers  were  being  killed  because 
they  were  wizards,  and  intended  to  kill  him.*  On  the 
following  Sunday,  however,  Mr.  Owen  was  dragged  before 
the  king  and  his  councillors,  and  charged  with  speaking 
evil  of  the  king,  and  using  enchantments  against  him  in  his 
prayers.  Eventually,  the  whole  Mission  party  was  allowed 
to  depart,  and  escaped,  with  only  their  bedding  and  the 
clothes  they  had  on,  in  a  wagon  with  sick  oxen  to  Port  Natal 
(D'Urban),  which  place  it  took  them  six  weeks  to  reach. 
Subsequently,  when  Dingaan  marched  upon  the  settlement 
at  D'Urban,  the  Mission  party  was  among  those  who  escaped 
on  board  a  small  vessel  named  the  Comet  to  Delagoa  Bay, 
and  thence  to  Port  Elizabeth. 

We  now  return  to  tlio  events  of  the  year  1837  from  which 
wo  have  digressed  in  order  to  give  a  continuous  account  of 


*  Loiter  from  How  V.  Owen  to  Rev.  F.  McCk-llantl,  dated  from 
Natal,  13tli  ]\Iarcli,  J  838.  Also  INIr.  Owen's  Journal,  pnljlishcd  in  tlio 
Capetown  papers,  18o8.  The  O.  F.  S.  Monthhj  Magazine,  \o\.  i., 
No,  2,  contains  a  narrative  of  the  events,  contributed  by  the  last 
surviving  witness  of  the  raa.sBacre,  INIiss  "Williams,  afterwards  IMrs. 
Bird,  who  died  in  the  Free  .State  in  1882. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      73 

the  ill-fated  attempt  to  establish  a  Mission  among  the 
Zulus. 

On  Sunday,  the  30th  July,  1837,  the  new  church  at 
Simonstown  was  opened  for  Divine  service,  the  officiating 
clergy  being  Eevs.  H.  Eraser,  Colonial  Chaplain,  C.  Camp- 
bell, Chaplain  to  H.M.S.  Tlialia,  and  E.  B.  Boyes,  H.E.I.C.S. 
The  sermon  was  preached  by  Mr.  Boyes  from  Ps.  Ixxx.  1. 
The  attendance  was  very  large  and  the  collection  amounted 
to  £35.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  original  church  at 
Simonstown,  St.  George's — the  first  English  church  built  in 
the  Colony — had  fallen  down  in  1819 ;  service  was  then 
held  in  "  an  upj)er  chamber  "  of  the  mast-house  in  the  dock- 
yard until  1881,  when  the  Colonial  Government  hired  the 
Wesleyan  Chapel  at  £50  per  annum.  Bishop  Wilson  in 
visiting  Simonstown  in  1832  had  urged  the  building  of  a 
church,  which  was  now  completed  at  a  cost  of  £1,800,  for 
the  most  part  raised  by  private  subscriptions.  Erom  the 
date  of  its  opening  this  church  was  designated  St.  Erances,* 
being  (one  may  suppose)  the  only  Anglican  Church  so 
dedicated,  and  probably  owing  this  unique  designation  to  an 
implied  compliment  to  Lady  Erances  Cole,  her  name 
ajDpearing  on  the  first  list  of  subscribers  with  a  donation  of 
£10.  There  was,  too,  the  precedent  of  St.  Frances  Bay  and 
Cape  S.  Erances  in  South  African  geography. 

On  the  19th  June,  1837,  a  public  meeting  was  held  at 
what  is  now  called  the  village  of  Sidbury  to  take  steps  for 
the  building  of  a  church  between  Assegai  Bush  and  the 
Bushman's  River  in  the  division  of  Albany.  Mr.  McClelland 

*  St.  Frances,  widow,  foundress  of  the  Order  of  the  Collatincs  at 
Eome,  born  1384,  died  1440,  was  canonized  by  Tope  Paul  V.  in  1G08, 
and  is  commemorated  in  the  Roman  Chnrch  on  March  9th.  It  is  of 
her  that  the  beautiful  and  suggestive  legend  is  related  that,  being  at 
her  devotions,  she  was  called  away  four  times  for  some  trivial  domestic 
duty  in  beginning  the  same  verse  of  a  Psalm ;  and  on  returning  the 
fifth  time  found  that  verse  written  in  letters  of  gold. 


74      English  CJnirch  History  in  South  Africa. 

of  Port  Elizabeth  was  in  the  chair,  and  it  was  resolved  that 
the  services  of  a  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England 
should  be  secured,  but  it  was  indispensable  that  he  should 
have  a  knowledge  of  Dutch.  It  was  dui-ing  the  same  year 
that  St.  George's  Church,  Grahamstown,  which  had  hitherto 
been  the  absolute  property  of  the  Government,  was  handed 
over  to  a  Church  Committee,  on  condition  that  they  should 
put  a  new  roof  upon  the  church  and  keep  it  in  repair. 
In  this  Committee  the  management  of  the  church  was 
vested  until  the  passing  of  the  Ordinance  for  authorizing  the 
appointment  of  a  vestry  and  churchwardens  for  St.  George's 
Church,  Grahamstown,  in  1839. 

During  the  year  1837  two  attempts  were  made  at  legisla- 
tion, which  as  affecting  the  Church  must  here  be  noticed. 
The  first  was  a  well-meant  but  mistaken  attempt  to  enforce 
the  better  observance  of  the  Lord's  Day  throughout  the 
Colony,  by  means  of  an  Ordinance  introduced  into  the 
Legislative  Council  by  the  Governor,  Sir  Benjamin 
D'Urban,  and  passed  on  the  23rd  of  August.  The  Ordi- 
nance made  it  penal — with  rare  exceptions — to  trade,  deal, 
or  carry  on  any  handicraft ;  to  cut  or  carry  wood ;  to  engage 
in  any  ordinary  field  labour;  or  to  discharge  any  firearm 
upon  the  Lord's  Day,  under  penalty  of  a  fine  not  exceeding 
£3,  nor  less  than  5s.,  or  of  imjirisonment  for  a  jieriod  not 
exceeding  fourteen  days.  There  were  also  provisions 
against  public  gambling,  fighting,  or  playing  at  any  game, 
under  penalty  of  the  same  fine,  with  the  alternative  of  four- 
teen days'  hard  labour  or  twenty-five  lashes.  Considerable 
opposition  was  roused,  especially  to  the  clause  which  sub- 
jected offenders  to  the  j^unishmcnt  of  flogging,  and  a 
memorial,  condemning  the  Ordinance  and  jiraying  for  its 
repeal,  was  signed  by  a  number  of  influential  persons,  in 
spite  of  a  notice  from  the  Capetown  Scottish  Kirk  Session, 
\varning  all  j^ersons  in  its  communion  that  it  would  con- 
sider signing  the  memorial  as  eciuivalent  to  a  public  pro- 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      75 

fession  of  infidelity,  and  exliorting  all  Christians  to  refuse 
their  signatures.^  Proposals  for  amending  and  repealing 
certain  clauses  were  introduced  into  the  Council,  and  even- 
tually the  Ordinance  was  repealed,  and  other  more  liberal 
provisions  made  instead  thereof  by  Ordinance  No.  1  of  1838, 
which  is  still  in  force. 

The  other  attempt  at  legislation  was  in  an  entirely  differ- 
ent direction,  and,  had  it  been  successful,  would  have 
degraded  Holy  Matrimony  into  a  purely  civil  contract.  It 
was  an  Ordinance  proposed  by  the  Governor  to  the  Legisla- 
tive Council  for  consolidating  and  amending  the  Laws  of 
Marriage  in  the  Colony,  by  repealing  all  former  legislation 
and  existing  laws  on  the  subject,  and  constituting  purely 
secular  Matrimonial  Boards  in  the  various  districts,  before 
which  only  could  marriages  be  contracted,  all  marriages 
otherwise  contracted  being  null  and  void.  As  a  gracious 
concession  to  religious  scruples,  the  Ordinance  did  not 
propose  to  prevent  any  persons  who  had  been  duly  married 
under  its  provisions,  or  any  Minister  of  religion,  from 
solemnizing  or  being  present  at  the  solemnization  of  any 
religious  ceremony  for  the  Marriage  of  the  said  persons 
which  they  might  think  fit  to  adopt.  The  Ordinance  did  not 
pass,  but  the  following  year  (7th  Sept.,  1838),  a  Marriage 
Order  was  issued  by  the  Queen  in  Council  ajiplicable  to 
those  Colonies  in  which  the  slaves  had  recently  been  eman- 
cipated, which  came  into  force  in  this  Colony  on  1st 
February,  1839,  and  is,  with  certain  amendments  made 
from  time  to  time  by  Acts  of  the  Colonial  Legislature,  still 
the  marriage  law  of  the  land.  A  subsequent  Order  in 
Council  (20th  Feb.,  1839)  laid  down  that  the  customary 
legal  fees  of  the  clergy  were  not  affected  by  the  new  Or- 
dinance. The  new  law  did  not  at  first  work  smoothly.  The 
seventh  section  of  the  Order  enjoins  that  whenever  the  form 

*  Advertisement  in  Government  Gazette,  Oct.  1837,  signed  by  Dr. 
AJamson. 


jS      EnglisJi  Church  History  in  Soicth  Africa. 

and  ceremony  used  is  otLer  than  tliat  of  the  Clmrch  of 
England  each  of  the  parties  shall  in  some  part  of  the 
ceremony  make  certain  declarations.*  It  appeared  that 
some  Ministers  in  the  Colony  had  solemnized  marriages 
without  having  ohserved  these  formalities,  and  by  Govern- 
ment advertisement  (15th  August,  1839)  attention  was 
drawn  to  the  invalidity  of  these  marriages,  and  it  was  left 
to  those  Ministers  and  the  parties  so  informally  married  by 
them  to  consider  of  the  means  by  which  tlie  injurious 
consequences  of  those  errors  may  be  prevented.  This 
naturally  occasioned  some  perplexity,  and  the  Governor 
therefore  pointed  out  how  the  errors  might  be  remedied  by 
the  re-marriage  of  the  parties  (Government  advertisement, 
12th  Sept.,  1839).  Objection  had  also  been  made  to  the 
form  of  words  prescribed — the  mode  of  publishing  banns — 
the  hours  fixed,  &c.,  but  tlie  Governor  declared  that  he  had 
no  authority  to  alter  or  set  aside  the  law  in  these  or  in  any 
other  res2)ects. 

At  this  time  a  considerable  number  of  juvenile  English 
emigrants  was  being  sent  into  the  Colony  by  the  Children's 
Friend  Society.  This  was  a  society  founded  in  18;)0  for 
the  purpose  of  rescuing  destitute  and  neglected  children 
from  the  misery  and  crime  to  which  they  were  exposed  in 
L(jndon,  and  securing  to  them  the  means  of  subsistence  by 
apprenticing  them  either  at  home  or  abroad.  The  Cape,  in 
consequence  of  its  growing  demand  for  labour  and  holding 
out  many  advantages  for  tlic  jjrotection  of  tlio  children,  was 
looked  to  as  the  most  eligible  Colony  for  the  purpose  of  tho 
Society,  and  out  of  880  children  provided  for  by  the  Society 
upwards  of  700  had  been  sent  to  the  Cape,  where  an  active 
Committee  was  formed  and  an  Ordinance  obtained  in  order 
to   give  legal   effect   to   the   indentures   under   which   tho 


*  This  clnusc  was  afterwards  repealed  in  so  far  as  it  afTceted 
marriages  celebrated  at  the  Cajie  aceording  to  the  forms  of  the  Dutch 
lleformcd  Church.     (Order  in  Council  Srd  April,  1840.) 


English  CJuLvch  History  in  Soicth  Africa.      yy 

cliildren  were  bound.*  The  attention  of  the  Society  for  the 
Pro^Dagation  of  the  Gospel  having  been  called  to  the  want 
of  religious  instruction  among  these  apprentices,  that 
Society  determined  (17th  Nov.,  1837)  to  allow  salaries  of 
£100  a  year  towards  the  maintenance  of  two  clergymen  at 
the  Cape;  one  to  be  stationed  at  such  place  as  might  be 
agreed  upon  between  the  two  Societies,  to  visit  and  instruct 
the  apprentices  within  his  district,  provided  that  such 
clergyman  be  allowed  not  less  than  £100  a  year  from  the 
Committee  and  friends  of  the  Children's  Friend  Society. 
The  C.F.S.  made  a  public  appeal  for  aid  towards  raising  a 
fund  for  this  purpose,  and  in  March,  1838,  the  Kev.  J.  W. 
Sanders,  M.A.,  arrived  for  this  especial  work  among  the 
apprentices  around  Capetown  and  Stellenbosch,  where  he 
hold  services  in  the  Government  School.  The  Rev.  John 
Fry  also  undertook  to  attend  Constantia  every  other  Sunday 
for  the  religious  instruction  of  the  apprentices  there,  their 
masters  being  bound  by  the  terms  of  the  indenture  to  allow 
their  attendance  on  such  occasions. 

Church  building  at  the  Cape  in  those  days  was  not  a 
success.  The  original  church  at  Simonstown  had  fallen 
down.  Wynberg  Church,  begun  in  1832,  had  been  washed 
away  before  the  roof  was  completed  in  1834;  and  the  gable 
end  of  the  new  church  then  being  built  fell  down  in  July, 
1838  :  "  So  much,"  sententiously  remarks  the  leading  news- 
l)aper,  "for  daubing  with  untemj^ered  mortar."  This 
church — the  shell  of  the  present  Wynberg  Church — was 
not  built  upon  the  original  site,  which  was  now  turned  into 
the  burial-ground,  but  upon  the  spot  originally  intended  for 
the    burial-ground   and    consecrated   as   such   by   Bishop 


•  Ordinance  No.  3  of  1836,  for  appointing  and  authorizing  certain 
persons  to  be  commissioners  and  guardians  to  emigrants  being  minors 
sent  to  this  Colony  from  the  United  Kingdom  by  the  Children's 
Friend  Society. 


jS      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

Wilson — a  counter-cliange  of  sites  wliicli  caused  some 
disapprobation.*  The  Wynberg  Infant  School  (Lady 
D'Ur ban's)  was  opened  on  the  29  th  of  August  with  a 
service  in  which  Dr.  Okes  and  Mr.  Boyes  took  part,  and  at 
which  Bickcrsteth's  Fsahnochj  was  used. 

The  Rev.  John  Heavyside  was  appointed  in  October, 
1838,  Colonial  Chaplain  at  Grahamstown  in  succession  to 
the  Rev.  W.  Carlisle,  who  retired  on  pension.  During  the 
same  year  a  meeting  at  which  Mr.  Heavyside  i^resided  was 
held  at  Fort  Beaufort,  to  consider  the  best  means  of  sup- 
plying the  deficiency  in  the  means  of  education  and  religion 
at  that  place.  It  was  agreed  to  ask  the  Government  to 
grant  the  use  of  the  old  Cape  Corps  mess-room  as  a  Chapel 
school,  and  a  committee  was  ajDpointed  to  take  measures 
for  building  a  church.  A  branch  Association  of  the 
Church  Missionary  Society  was  also  formed,  and  a  wish  was 
expressed  that  the  Rev.  F.  Owen,  who  was  then  in  the 
Eastern  Province  on  his  return  from  the  disastrous  Zulu 
Mission,  might  bo  stationed  at  Fort  Beaufort.  Mr.  Owen 
seems,  however,  to  have  preferred  more  purely  Mission 
work.  The  following  year  (June,  1839)  he  was  in  Cai^c- 
town,  and  spoke  at  a  meeting  of  the  Church  Missionary 
Association — the  first  meeting  since  the  establishment  of 
the  Association  in  1837,  and  apparently  the  last — in  the 
Exchange,  Sir  John  Wylde  being  in  the  chair.  Mr.  Owen 
also  preached  at  Simonstown  on  behalf  of  the  C.M.S.,  and 
soon  after  went  to  Mosiga  as  Missionary  among  the 
Baharatsi. 

Wynberg  Church  was  opened  for  Divine  service  on  the 
second  Sunday  after  Easter,  llth  April,  1839 ;  the  sermon 
was  preached  by  Mr.  Hougli,  who,  in  the  absence  of  any 
ecclesiastical  dignitary,  was  as  Senior  Chaplain  regarded  as 
the  official  representative  of  the  English  Church  on  theso 


*  Correspondence  in  *S'.  A.  Commercial  Adv.,  21Ui  April,  1839. 


English  CJmrch  History  in  Soitth  Africa.      79 

occasions.  Indeed  it  is  said  that  St.  George's  was  called  the 
Cathedral*  long  before  the  foundation  of  the  See.  The 
musical  services  were  not,  however,  by  any  means  of  a 
Cathedral  type ;  there  was  a  mixed  choir  in  the  organ 
gallery,"!"  but  there  were  complaints  that  the  vocal  and 
instrumental  music  were  not  in  harmony,  and  the  organ  was 
required  to  be  more  accommodating.  The  accounts  of  St. 
George's  for  the  year  1830  include  a  charge  of  fifteen 
guineas  for  a  black  silk  cassock  and  gown,  and  two  guineas 
for  a  surplice.  The  collections  in  church  for  that  year 
amounted  to  £35 ;  and  in  consequence  of  the  expense  of 
lighting  the  church,  to  which  the  shareholders  objected,  the 
Sunday  evening  service  was  discontinued  and  an  afternoon 
service  held  instead,  to  the  great  inconvenience  of  several, 
especially  among  the  poor. 

Mr.  Fraser,  Colonial  Chaplain  at  Simon  stown,  had  been 
for  some  time  in  ill-health,  and  died  at  Grahamstown  in  his 
fortieth  year,  on  the  3rd  August,  1839.  His  post  was 
filled  for  a  time  by  the  Eev.  Thomas  R.  A.  Blair,  who  had 
formerly  been  a  Captain  in  the  army,  but  left  the  service  to 
take  Holy  Orders.  He  acted  at  Simonstown  until  the 
appointment  on  the  1st  Feb.,  1840,  of  the  Eev.  E.  Judge, 
who  held  this  Chaplaincy  until  his  death  in  1872. 

From  the  year  1839  may  be  said  to  date  the  movement 
which  led  to  the  extension  of  the  Colonial  Episcopate  and 
thus  to  the  founding  of  the  See  of  Capetown.  At  a  meeting 
of  the  S.P.C.K.,  held  on  the  19th  March,  1839,  a  petition  to 
the  House  of  Commons  was  agreed  upon,  praying  the  House 
to  sanction  and  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be  necessary 
for  providing  more  effectually  for  the  religious  instruction 


*  Major-Gen.  Dobbs'  "Personal  Keminiscences  in  S.  A.,"  &c.,  in 
1810.    (Dublin,  1882.) 

t  Tlie  red  silk  curtains,  which  some  of  ns  remember  as  screening  the 
choir  until  the  establishment  of  a  surpliced  choir  in  1855,  ^Yere  first  put 
up  in  February,  1810. 


8o      English  CJinrch  History  in  SotctJi  Africa. 

of  tbe  Colonies ;  for  an  increase  in  the  number  of  bisliops  * 
and  clergy  wherever  rcqiiirecl ;  for  the  protection  of  the 
existing  property  and  lands  of  the  Church  ;  for  the  erection 
of  new  churches  and  chapels  to  an  extent  commensurate 
with  the  wants  of  the  Colonists ;  and  earnestly  imploring 
that  no  new  Colonies  might  be  founded  without  express 
2')rovision  being  made  for  the  instructicm  of  tlie  inhabitants 
in  the  truths  and  duties  of  Christianity  according  to  the 
principles  of  the  Church  of  England.  The  following  year 
(April,  1840)  the  Bishop  of  London,  Dr.  Blomfield, 
addressed  a  letter  to  the  Primate,  Dr.  Ilowley,  setting  forth 
the  duty  incumbent  upon  the  Church  of  imparting  the  full 
benefits  of  her  Apostolic  government  and  discipline,  as  well 
as  of  her  doctrines  and  ordinances,  to  the  distant  provinces 
of  the  Empire ;  and  proposing  to  raise  a  fund  for  the  endow- 
ment of  bishoprics  in  such  of  the  Colonies  as  were  still 
virtually  deprived  of  Episcopal  superintendence.  This 
proposal  was  at  once  taken  up  by  the  great  Church  Societies, 
the  S.P.C.K.  voting  a  sum  of  £10,000,  and  S.P.G.  £7,500, 
to  the  fund.  The  subject  was  next  brought  under  the  notice 
of  the  great  body  of  Churchmen  at  a  meeting  of  clergy  and 
laity  summoned,  by  the  Primate,  at  which  the  plan  was 
explained  and  a  large  number  of  contributions  received. 
On  Whitsun  Monday,  1st  June,  1811,  the  Archbishops  and 
Bishops  of  England  and  Ireland,  who  were  the  trustees  of 
the  Fund,t  issued  a  declaration,  enumerating  the  Colonics  in 
which  bishoprics  were  required,  the  Cape  being  among  the 
number,  and  appealing  for  more  funds.  It  was  in  response 
to  this  appeal  that,  as  is  well  known.  Miss  (now  Baroness) 
Burdett-Coutts  munificently  endowed  the  two  Sees  of 
Capetown  and  Adelaide. 

To  return  to  the  course  of  events  at  the  Capo.     Tho  sum 


*  There  were  then  only  nine  hi.->hopsiii  the  whole  foreign  dominions 
of  the  Empire.    There  are  now  aeventy-ninc. 
t  Afterwards  the  Colonial  Bislioprics  Fund. 


EnglisJi  CJunxh  History  in  So2itk  Africa.       8i 

of  £200  eacli  was  placed  upon  the  Estimates  of  the  Colony 
for  1840  for  Chaplaincies  at  Rondebosch  and  Wynberg,  but 
no  fixed  appointments  were  as  yet  made  to  these  posts,  the 
provisional  Chaplains,  Dr.  Okes  and  Mr.  Fry  dividing 
the  duties  of  the  two  churches  between  tbem  on  alternate 
Sundays.  Some  little  controversy  was  excited  at  this  time 
by  a  course  of  sermons  preached  by  Mr.  Hough  during  Lent 
at  St.  George's  upon  Fasting,  which  though  exceedingly 
moderate  in  tone,  roused  the  cry  of  Popery.  Hitherto  there 
had  been  very  little  party  feeling  in  Church  matters  at  the 
Cape,  the  tone  of  Churchmanship  generally  being  what  is 
known  as  old-fashioned  High  Church.  Just  at  that  time, 
however,  a  considerable  number  of  Anglo-Indians  frequent- 
ing the  Cape,  while  professing  to  be  Churchmen,  held  views 
differing  little,  if  at  all,  from  the  rankest  Plymouth 
Brethrenism ;  offering  to  teach  in  Church  schools,  yet 
refusing  to  teach  the  Church  Catechism ;  attending  morning 
service  and  communicating  at  the  church,  and  preaching  in 
the  evening  in  the  Wesleyan  or  Independent  chapels,  or 
wherever  else  they  could  gain  admission.  They  were  once 
well  described  by  a  very  high  authority,  as  being  "  with 
long  purses  and  pious  purposes  the  pest  of  the  place."  Mr. 
Hough,  whom  they  described  as  "holding  very  high 
sacredotal  views,"  referred  to  them  in  a  sermon  alluding  to 
the  sin  of  Korah,  or  as  one  of  themselves  asserts,  "  pro- 
nounced upon  them  tbe  curse  of  Korah,  Dathan,  and 
Abiram ! "  *     Hinc  illee  laclirymse. 

A  more  pleasing  incident  with  which  to  close  this 
chapter  is  the  opening  of  a  Chapel  school  at  Cuylerville  in 
the  parish  of  Bathurst,  on  Tuesday,  15th  September,  by  the 


*  "  lieminisccnces  of  Life  in  Mysore,  Soutli  Africa,  and  Bnrmah," 
hy  Major-General  Dobbs,  Dublin,  Herbert,  1882.  Captain  Dobbs  was  at 
the  Cape  in  1840-4:1,  and  a  leader  of  what  they  called  the  Religious 
Society  at  the  Cape.  It  is  from  his  book  that  most  of  the  tibove  facts 
arc  gathered. 

G 


82      EnglisJi  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

Eevs.  J.  Barrow  and  J.  Heavyside,  Mr.  Saffery  an  agent  of 
the  Colonial  Church  Society  being  also  present.  The 
collection  amounted  to  £7  15s. 

A  correspondent  in  England  writes  to  a  friend  at  the 
Cape  at  the  close  of  the  year  1810,  "  You  will  have  a  Bishop 
before  three  years  are  over  your  head." 


English  Church  History  in  Soitth  Africa.      ^^ 


CHAPTER  IX. 
1841-1845. 


Clergij. 

Capetown. 

Militanj  (1807). 

Eev.  T.  A.    Blair  (acting), 

1840-1841. 
Rev.    E.    P.    Blunt,   1841- 

1844. 
Rev.   B.  Maitland  (acting), 

1844. 
Rev.   T.  A.  Blair   (acting), 

1844-1845. 
Rev.  Geo.  Dacre,  1845-1854. 


Colonial  (1811). 
Rev.  G.  Hough,  1817-1847. 
Rev.   R.    G.    Lamb    (junior 
Chaplain),  1845-1848. 

SiMONSTOWN  (1813). 

Rev.  E.  Judge,  1840-1872. 

Bathuest  (1820). 
Rev.  J.  Barrow,  1833-1874. 


Grahamstown  (1823). 

Rev.    J.    Heavyside,   1838- 
1861. 

Port  Elizabeth  (1825). 
Rev.  F.  McClelland,  1825- 
1853. 


RONDEBOSCH   (1834). 

Rev.  J.  Fry,  1840-1861. 

SiDBURY  (1842). 
Rev.   G.  V.  Thorpe,  1842- 
1849. 


George  (1845). 
Rev.  E.  T.  Scott,  1845-1848. 

Graaff-Reinet  (1845). 
Rev.  W.  Long,  1845-1854. 
Rev.   Herbert    Beaver,    Col. 

Ch.   Soc.    Chaplain,   Fort 

Beaufort,  1842. 
Rev.  T.  A.  Blair,  Col.  Ch. 

Soc.     Chaplain     (Trinity 

Church),  1841. 


Wynberg  (1821). 
Rev.  Holt  Okes,  1834-1855. 

The  year  1841  opened  with  some  unpleasantness  in 
Church  matters  at  Grahamstown.  There  was  at  first  a  con- 
troversy between  the  Chaplain  and  an  Independent  Minister 

G  2 


84      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

as  to  the  riglit  of  burial  in  St.  George's  Cemetery,  Mr. 
Hcavyside  asserting  tliat  tlie  ground  having  been  granted  to 
Episcopalians  no  other  persons  could  claim  any  right  in  it. 
Then  arose  a  more  serious  difficulty  as  to  the  working  of 
the  Grahamstown  Church  Ordinance.  There  had  been  from 
time  to  time  disputes  on  the  question  who  should  exercise 
the  right  of  voting  for  Churchwardens  and  Vestrymen.* 
The  Ordinance  confers  this  right  upon  the  "  male  inhabi- 
tants of  Grahamstown  and  of  the  parochial  limits  thereof, 
being  members  of  and  holding  communion  with  the  United 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland,"  intending,  it  would  seem, 
to  restrict  the  right  to  communicants.  But  in  March,  1841, 
the  non-communicants  called  a  separate  vestry  meeting, 
refused  to  acknowledge  Mr.  Heavyside's  right  to  i)reside, 
and  professed  to  question  the  validity  of  his  orders.  Mr. 
Hcavyside  produced  to  the  meeting  a  letter  from  the 
Governor's  Secretary,  stating  that  His  Excellency  had  ex- 
amined Mr.  Heavyside's  papers  and  was  satisfied.  The 
whole  affair  was  referred  to  the  Governor  and  by  him  to  the 
Attorney-General  (Mr.  Porter),  who  decided  that  all  who 
professed  to  be  Churchmen  were  full  Church  members,  with 
the  rights  and  privileges  thereto  belonging ;  he  also  declined 
to  support  the  Chaplain's  claim  to  preside  ex  officio  at  the 
meetings  ;  and,  though  the  Government  afterwards  expressed 
a  wish  to  withdraw  from  interference,  the  result  of  it  all 
was  that  not  even  the  Churcliwardcns  were  necessarily  com- 
municants. The  uni^atisfuctory  state  of  things  in  the 
Eastern  Province  generally  is  well  described  by  Mr.  Saffery, 
an  agent  of  the  Coh)nial  Church  Society,  wlio  bad  been  sent 
out  to  rej)ort  ui)on  the  state  of  religion  in  South  Africa. 
Ho  says,  "  The  English  Church  is  deplorably  deficient  in 
means  to  meet  the  increasing  demand  for  ministers,  churches, 


*  "Remarks,  &f.  on  tlic  Grahamstown  Cliurch  Ordinance," 
Grahamstown;  Aldam  &  Ilarvoy,  Printers,  Queen  Street,  12mo., 
1839. 


English  CJ Lurch  History  in  South  Africa.      85 

and  schools,  and  is  rapidly  melting  away  in  cou sequence  of 
her  members  either  altogether  neglecting  God,  or  joining 
themselves  to  other  bodies,  ai)parently  more  able  to  supply 
their  wants.  As  the  Church  exists  in  the  Colony  she  can- 
not keep  her  own.  Within  the  limits  of  Grahamstown  and 
its  vicinity,  no  sooner  is  any  person  awakened  to  a  deep 
sense  of  religion,  than  inducements  surround  him  on  all 
sides  to  detach  himself  from  our  Church.  If  they  leave 
Grahamstown  they  pass,  as  to  any  communion  with  her, 
utterly  beyond  her  pale."  Nor  was  the  state  of  Church 
matters  round  Capetown  much  better.  The  number  of 
Church  members  in  Capetown  itself  was  estimated  at  five 
thousand,  for  whom  a  single  church  and  clergyman  were 
clearly  insufficient.  The  annual  report  of  the  Capetown 
District  Committee  of  the  S.P.C.K.  for  1839-40  states  that 
of  their  nominal  Church  members,  between  two  and  three 
thousand  were  out  of  the  reach  of  the  Church's  Ordi- 
nances, and  a  great  portion  of  them  living  in  a  most 
degraded  and  demoralized  condition. 

On  receiving  Mr.  Saffery's  report  the  Colonial  Church 
Society  appointed  a  deputation  to  wait  upon  the  Bishop  of 
London,  who  encouraged  the  Society  to  undertake  work  at 
the  Cape,  and  signified  his  approval  of  a  measure  for  the 
erection  of  a  second  church  in  Capetown,  "  which  is 
evidently  called  for  by  the  insufficiency  of  the  present  pro- 
vision for  religious  instruction  for  the  members  of  our 
Church,  and  which  has  been  sanctioned  by  H.E.  the 
Governor."  The  Society  accordingly  sent  out  two  Cate- 
chists,  Messrs.  Inglis  and  Boone,  the  former  to  open  a 
Sunday-school  in  a  neglected  part  of  Capetown,  Constitution 
Street,  where  there  was  a  dense  English  and  Irish  population 
of  the  lower  class,  and  to  visit  the  prison  and  hospital; 
while  Mr.  Boone  was  stationed  in  Albany,  at  Mancazana 
Post,  near  the  Kat  River.  It  has  been  mentioned  that 
Mr.   Blair  had   been   officiating  as   Military  Chaplain  in 


S6      English  CJmrch  History  ifi  So7tth  Africa. 

Capetown.  In  tliis  appointment  he  expected  to  be  confirmed, 
but  in  April,  1841,  the  Eev.  Edward  Paulet  Blunt,  M.A., 
arrived  to  take  the  military  duties ;  and  Mr.  Blair  being 
thus  left  vv  ithout  a  charge,  his  Indian  friends  memorialized  the 
Colonial  Church  Society  to  appoint  him  one  of  their  Chap- 
lains of  the  Cape.  Mr.  Blair  was  engaged  by  the  Society, 
and  a  Corresponding  Committee  formed  in  Capetown,  July, 
1841.  As  a  temporary  measure,  a  building  in  Long  Street, 
at  the  corner  of  Hout  Street,  was  hired  to  be  used  as  a  pro- 
prietary chapel  until  a  church  could  be  built  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Caledon  Square,  where  a  site  was  promised 
by  the  Governor.  The  Long  Street  Episcopal  Chapel  (as  it 
was  called)  was  opened  for  Divine  service  according  to  the 
rites  of  the  Church  of  England,  on  Sunday,  1st  August. 
Two-thirds  of  the  sittings  were  free,  and  the  services  were 
held  twice  on  Sundays,  at  11  a.m.  and  at  6  p.m.,  as  well  as 
on  Thursday  evenings  ;  there  was  also  a  day-school  in  con- 
nection with  the  Chapel.  A  Committee  of  the  Society  was 
also  formed  at  Grahamstown  (Feb.,  1842),  and  the  Rev. 
Herbert  Beaver,  formerly  a  Chaplain  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  was  sent  out  by  the  parent  Society  and  stationed 
at  Fort  Beaufort.* 

At  Uitenhage  a  movement  was  set  on  foot  to  provide  funds 
for  a  church  and  clergyman  (July,  1841),  but  as  was  usual 
in  those  days  the  Government  was  expected  to  bear  the 
greater  part  of  the  burden.  The  English  inhabitants 
memorialized  the  Governor,  who  granted  them  a  site  ;  they 
then  collected  some  small  funds  and  aj^plied  for  further 
liclp  to  the   public.     But  the  ajipeal  met  with  but  little 


*  For  iiiucli  of  thi.s  information  -witli  regard  to  tlic  work  of  tlio 
Colonial  Cburch  Society,  I  am  indebted  to  notes  to  a  sermon  preached 
in  the  Long  Street  Chapel,  on  Sunday,  8th  May,  1842,  in  helialf  of  the 
funds  of  the  Society,  by  the  llev.  II.  Ilutton  of  the  lI.E.I.C.S. 
I'ubli.slied  by  request. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      8/ 

success;  no  clergyman  was  aj)pointed  until  1847,  and  a 
church  not  built  until  some  years  later. 

At  Kobben  Island  a  church  or  chapel  had  been  built 
which  was  opened  for  Divine  service  on  Sunday,  10th  Oct., 
1841,  by  Mr.  Hough,  who  preached  from  the  text  St.  Matthew 
xvii.  4.  Services  were  held  monthly  in  this  building  by 
the  clergy  from  the  mainland,  until  the  appointment  of  a 
resident  Chaplain.  The  Churchwardens  of  St.  George's, 
Capetown,  proposed  to  make  an  extra  charge  of  one  shilling 
and  sixpence  per  sitting,  in  order  to  raise  a  fund  for  defray- 
ing the  expenses  of  the  choir  and  continuing  the  choral 
service,  the  cost  of  which,  including  books,  music,  and 
superintendence,  during  the  year  1841  amounted  to  £20. 

St.  Mary's  Church,  Port  Elizabeth,  was  finished  at  the 
beginning  of  1842,  having  been  nearly  six  years  in  building, 
and  the  Ordinance  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  vestry 
and  churchwardens  passed  on  the  3rd  March.  St.  Mary's 
was  the  only  English  Church  in  the  Colony  which  derived 
any  benefit  from  a  Church  tax,  authorized  by  proclamation 
of  April  1st,  1814.  This  was  a  local  charge  of  four  stivers 
per  week  for  each  place,  and  two  stivers  per  week  for  each 
erf,  levied  in  those  country  districts,  where  the  Church  was 
in  debt.  From  1836  to  1842  Port  Elizabeth  received  from 
this  source  £90  lis.  3cZ,,  and  then  it  ceased.  There  still 
remained  a  debt  of  £379,  exclusive  of  a  mortgage  bond  of 
£375  made  in  order  to  build  the  church,  but  which  the 
government  of  Sir  George  Napier  liberally  cancelled  ou  the 
24th  November,  1843 — a  measure  of  generosity  accorded  to 
all  the  other  churches  of  the  Colony.  The  Colonial  Govern- 
ment at  the  same  time  granted  to  the  Chaplain  and  Church- 
wardens in  two  separate  plots  one  morgen  and  445  square 
roods  for  a  burial-ground,  adjacent  to  the  old  burialplace  of 
the  English  congregation  on  the  south  side  of  Barkens 
river.*     A  year  or  two  later  a  glebe  of  4893  acres,  worth 

*  In  1845  the  Churchwardens  recommend  that  "  as  the  natural 
shrubbery  of  this  secluded  spot  " — now  one  of  the  most  populous  parts 


8S      Engl  is  Ji  Chiu'ck  History  hi  South  Africa. 

twenty  pounds  a  year,  was  given  by  ticket  of  occupation 
(without  title)  for  the  clergyman  of  S.  Mary's.  The  church 
at  Sidbury  had  so  far  progressed  that  an  Ordinance  was 
also  passed  for  that  parish,  to  which  the  Rev.  G.  V.  Thorpe, 
B.A.,  was  appointed  Provisional  Chaplain. 

The  Capetown  Committee  of  the  Colonial  Church  Society 
was  actively  canvassing  for  subscriptions  towards  their 
proj^osed  church,  the  list  including  donations  of  £20  from 
the  Queen  Dowager,  £50  from  the  Countess  of  Caledon,  and 
£10  from  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta.  A  site  had  been  secured 
in  Harrington  Street  at  a  cost  (including  preliminary 
expenses)  of  £300,  and  in  June,  1842,  tenders  were  invited 
for  building  a  church  to  seat  five  hundred  persons.  The 
purchase  of  the  site  and  the  cost  of  laying  the  foundations 
almost  exhausted  the  funds  in  hand,  and  urgent  a2)2^eaLs 
continued  to  be  made  for  additional  funds.  A  proposal  to 
put  an  iron  railing  round  St.  George's  was  strongly  opposed 
by  certain  shareholders  as  tending  to  apply  the  funds  to  jiur- 
poses  injurious  to  their  interest,  but  was  finally  carried  out. 

In  August,  1842,  a  number  of  calamitous  shipwrecks 
occurred  on  the  coast,  in  particular  the  Sahiita  in  Algoa 
Bay,  when  twenty-two  were  drowned,  and  the  convict  ship 
Waterloo  in  Table  Bay,  in  which  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
nine  perished.  A  sermon  upon  these  events,  entitled  "  Ship- 
wreck-Judgments of  God,"  preached  l)y  Dr.  Okes,  Senior 
Provincial  Chaplain  of  Wynberg  and  Pondebosch,  was  thought 
worthy  of  a  jilace  in  the  Church  of  UiKjland  Mcujazine* 


of  Port  l^llizabeth — "  bus  been  cxtirijatcd,  that  linrdy  and  clci^'ant 
exotic  Nicoliana  Gluucom  " — the  wild  tobacco,  now  a  troublesome! 
weed  — "  which  api)ear8  to  grow  in  almost  any  soil  and  braves  the 
greatest  exposure,  should  be  sown."  (Vestry  licport,  S.  oMury's,  1',  ]•]., 
Easter,  1815.) 

*  Church  of  England  Marjazlnc  for  1813,  vol.  xiv.,  p.  200.  ])j\ 
Okes  was  also  the  author  of  a  *'  Catechism  relatiuL^  to  the  six  days' 
creation  as  revealed  in  tlio  Holy  liiljje,  intended  for  tlie  use  of  youn^ 
jiersons."     Cai)etown,  June,  1845. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Afinca.      89 

In  18-13  there  was  another  Ej)iscopal  visit  to  the  Cape. 
Dr.  Nixon,  the  first  Bishop  of  Tasmania,  accompanied  by 
Archdeacon  Marriott  of  Hobart-town,  arrived  in  Table  Bay 
on  the  15th  May.  On  Thursday,  the  18th,  he  held  a  Con- 
firmation at  St.  George's  at  11  a.m.,  when  "  many  hundreds  " 
were  confirmed,  Confirmation  not  having  been  administered 
here  since  1834.  On  Friday,  the  19th,  his  lordship  consc- 
secrated  Wynberg  Church  *  and  St.  Frances'  Church  at 
Simonstown,  and  sailed  on  the  23rd. 

At  Eondebosch  it  was  found  necessary  to  provide  addi- 
tional accommodation  in  the  church  for  the  increasing 
congregation,  by  erecting  a  gallery,  and  the  collection  at 
the  ninth  anniversary  service  (19th  February,  1843),  when 
Mr.  Blair  was  the  preacher,  was  for  this  object. 

The  church  at  Sidbury  was  at  a  standstill  for  want  of 
funds.  The  people  had  raised  £1,000,  but  a  further  sum 
of  £300  was  required,  for  which  Mr.  Thorpe  made  a  public 
appeal,  and  a  special  sermon  with  collection  was  preached 
at  St.  George's  by  Mr.  Hough  for  this  object.  It  is  note- 
worthy hov/  the  number  of  special  sermons  increased  after 
the  opening  of  the  Long  Street  Chapel.  Formerly  there 
had  only  been  an  annual  sermon  in  October  at  St.  George's 
for  the  S.P.C.K.  with  an  occasional  special  sermon  for 
schools,  and  after  the  opening  of  the  Eondebosch  Church 
an  anniversary  of  that  event.  But  from  the  year  1842,  there 
were  special  sermons  for  the  Colonial  Church  Society,  the 
Eeligious  Tract  Society,  in  aid  of  churches  building  in  the 
Colony,  for  schools,  and  upon  various  occasions. 

A  very  important  regulation  with  regard  to  religious 
grants  was  made  by  Ordinance  No.  7,  1843,  for  repealing 


*  No  name  is  assigned  to  this  clnu'cli  in  the  deed  of  consecration, 
but  it  appears  from  the  Kegisters  that  it  was  ah-cady  called  St.  John's 
Church,  and  had  been  so  called  since  the  date  of  its  opening  in  1839; 
tlKUXgh  in  the  newspaper  advertisements  of  baptisms  and  marriages 
during  1840  it  frequently  appears  as  "S.  George's  Church,  Wynberg." 


90      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

De  Mist's  Church  Eegulations  of  180i  and  enacting  others 
in  their  stead,  commonly  called  the  Dutch  Church  Ordinance. 
It  is  expressly  provided  by  clause  2  that  "  no  religious 
community  or  denomination  within  this  Colony  is  or  shall 
be  entitled  to  claim,  as  a  matter  of  right,  from  or  out  of 
Her  Majesty's  Eevenue  in  this  Colony,  any  pecuniary  con- 
tribution or  allowance,  for  or  towards  the  suj)port  of  the 
ministry  of  any  such  community  or  denomination,  or  any 
other  object  whatever,  and  all  sums  granted  from  time  to 
time  out  of  the  revenue  to  any  such  community  or  denomi- 
nation shall  be  deemed  to  be  merely  voluntary  and  gratui- 
tous, and  as  such  to  be  at  all  times  and  exclusively  under 
the  absolute  disposition  and  control  of  Government,  and 
revocable  at  Her  Majesty's  will  and  pleasure."*  In  conse- 
quence of  this  new  regulation  the  Government  made  it  a 
condition  that  some  fixed  amount  of  a  Minister's  salary 
should  be  paid  either  by  the  congregation  or  by  a  society 
before  they  would  sanction  any  new  apj^ointment. 

On  Tuesday,  January  18th,  1844,  the  foundation-stone 
of  a  building  to  be  used  as  a  Sunday-school  in  connection 
with  St.  George's,  Grahamstown,  was  laid  by  Mrs.  Ilarc, 
wife  of  the  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  Eastern  Province. 
There  was  a  procession  to  the  site  headed  by  the  band  of 
the  91st  Regiment,  and  the  stone  was  laid  with  the  usual 
religious  and  masonic  ceremonies,  followed  by  an  address 
from  Mr.  Heavyside.  The  stone  bore  the  following 
inscription :  "  In  Nomine  SS.  Trinitatis,  anno  VII  Regni 
Victorias,  D.G.  Britt  :  Reg :  Prima  h.x'C  fundamina  a3dificii 
bona;  et  religiosa3  Juvenum  Institutioni  in  fide  Christi  ac 
disciplina  Ecclesiacj  Anglicamc  diebus  prtDScrtim  Dominicis 
in  perpetuum  dicandi  rite  posuit  Domina  Clarissa  Hare, 
Honorati  Provincite  Precfecti  Conjux.  Die  XIV.  Jul :  Kal : 


*  A  Proclamation  of  the  same  date  gives  sufficient  assurance  of  Ww. 
permanency  of  the  salaries  already  granted,  at  least  in  so  far  as  tlio 
Dutch  Church  was  concerned. 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      91 

MDCCCXLIV.  Jolianne  Heavyside  Presbytero  ministrantc, 
F.  H.  Cole,  Jabez  Hart,  Sacrorum  Custodibus." 

In  Marcli  tbe  Government  of  the  Colony  passed  from  Sir 
George  Napier  into  tbe  hands  of  Sir  Peregrine  Maitland,  a 
man  of  advanced  age  and  earnest  Christian  character,  deeply 
interested  in  Missions.  He  himself  stated  that  his  chief 
motive  in  accepting  the  appointment  was  that  he  might  be 
enabled  to  promote  the  spiritual  and  temporal  improvement 
of  the  natives  in  South  Africa.  He  was  accompanied  by  his 
nephew,  the  Eev.  Brownlow  Maitland,  M.A.,  as  Private 
Secretary,  who  during  his  stay  in  the  Colony  frequently 
officiated  for  the  clergy,  and  also  acted  for  a  time  as  Military 
Chaplain.  Among  the  addresses  presented  to  Sir  P. 
Maitland  on  his  arrival,  was  one  from  the  vestry  of  S. 
Mary's,  Port  Elizabeth,  wherein  the  great  want  of  a  Bishop 
to  regulate  the  affairs  of  the  English  Church  was  a 
prominent  subject. 

This  year  the  British  Settlers  of  the  Eastern  Province 
commemorated  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  their  arrival 
in  the  Colony, — the  two  earliest  vessels,  the  Chapman  and 
the  Nautilus,  with  the  first  parties  having  anchored  in  Algoa 
Bay  on  April  9th,  1820.  On  Wednesday,  April  10th,  1844, 
commemoration  services  were  held  at  Grahamstown  and 
Port  Elizabeth.  St.  George's,  Grahamstown,  was  filled  to 
overflowing,  the  Church  service  being  said  by  the  Eev. 
J.  Heavyside,  and  a  jubilee  anthem  and  prayer  for  the 
Queen  sung  by  the  choir.  The  sermon  was  preached  from 
1  Samuel  xii.  24,  by  William  Shaw,  Wesleyan  Minister, 
who  gave  a  brief  history  of  the  settlement  with  an  estimate 
of  its  results,  concluding  with  a  warm  expression  of  grati- 
tude and  a  cheerful  forecast  of  the  future.  At  Port  Eliza- 
beth services  were  held  at  St.  Mary's,  Mr.  McClelland, 
himself  one  of  the  original  settlers,  officiating  and  preaching 
from  Deut.  xxix.  10,  11 ;  and  as  the  congregation  left  the 
church  "  Rule  Britannia  "  was  played, — the  organist  doubt- 
less intending  this  as  an  appropriate   compliment   to  the 


92      EngUsJi  ChurcJi  History  in  S 021th  Africa. 

mercantile  character  of  tlie  Port  Elizabeth  settlers,  or  a 
forecast  of  the  commercial  greatness  of  the  South  African 
Liverpool.  At  the  dinner  which  followed,  Mr.  Chase,  in 
proposing  "  the  memory  of  tliose  settlers  whom  it  has 
pleased  Providence  to  remove,"  paid  a  "  graceful  tribute  of 
friendly  recollection  to  {Inter  inultos  alios)  the  Rev.  W. 
Boardmau,  the  sound  scholar,  and  kind-hearted  Episcopal 
Minister  of  Bathurst." 

In  September  a  free  school  for  boys  in  connection  with 
St.  George's,  Capetown,  was  opened  in  New  Street :  and  at 
Rondebosch  it  was  proposed  to  open  an  infant  school  near 
the  "  Three  Cups  "  (Mow^bray),  in  a  building  belonging  to 
the  Road  establishment,  the  use  of  which  was  granted  by 
the  Government.  Funds  were  collected  by  a  Committee,  of 
which  Mr.  Montagu  was  Chairman,  and  on  the  last  Sunday 
in  the  year,  December  29th,  1S44,  a  sermon  was  jn-eachcd 
at  Rondebosch  by  Mr.  Blair  for  this  object,  and  £23  col- 
lected. 

At  the  beginning  of  18-15  a  periodical  was  started  in 
Capetown,  which,  though  not  exclusively  a  Church  organ, 
was  the  first  literary  attempt  in  connection  with  the  Church, 
and  was  edited  by  Mr.  Blair.  It  w^as  called  The  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  Christian  3Tagazine,  and  was  largely  made  up  of 
extracts  from  Low  Church  and  dissenting  publications,  with 
occasional  paragraphs  of  local  religious  interest,  sermons, 
ttc.     It  lasted  until  the  end  of  181G. 

The  Governor,  in  laying  the  Estimates  for  1845  before 
the  Council,  proposed  under  the  head  of  Ecclesiastical 
Establislimcnts  to  abolish  as  charges  upon  the  public 
revenue  the  salaries  of  Church  clerks,  sextons,  organists  and 
bellringers,  justly  remarking  that  such  charges  should  bo 
borne  by  the  congregations  themselves.  The  amount  tlius 
saved  was  from  the  English  Church  £3G3,  and  from  the 
Dutch  £709,  in  lieu  whereof  llis  Excellency  placed  upon 
the  Estimates  £100  to  provide  two  additional  Chaplains  for 
the  Church  of  England,  and  £800  for  four  Dutch  Ministers, 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      95 

at  £200  per  annum  each.  There  was  already  an  additional 
grant  of  £200  a  year  for  the  Chaplain  at  Sidbury.  The 
new  grants  were  thus  aj)propriated :  £200  to  George,  £100 
to  Graaff-Eeinet,  and  £100  to  be  divided  between  Wynberg 
and  Eondebosch,  so  as  to  bring  the  income  of  each  up  to 
£150  a  year.  The  arrangement  had  hitherto  been  that  Dr. 
Okes  and  Mr.  Fry  were  both  regarded  as  Provisional 
Chaplains,  senior  and  junior,  of  Wynberg,  and  the  Churches 
at  Wynberg  and  Eondebosch  were  served  by  them  in  turn 
on  alternate  Sundays,  the  former  receiving  £120  and  the 
latter  £80  a  year.  This  provisional  arrangement  now 
ceased — Dr.  Okes  being  appointed  Chaplain  at  Wynberg, 
and  Mr.  Fry  Chaplain  at  Eondebosch,  each  with  a  grant 
from  Government  of  £150.  The  Eev.  E.  T.  Scott  was 
appointed  on  May  22nd  to  George,  where  a  Church  fund 
was  at  once  started;  and  the  Eev.  W.  Long  (then  in 
Deacon's  Orders)*  was  appointed  in  August  Minister  of  the 
English  Episcopal  Church  at  Graaff-Eeinet,  where  steps 
were  immediately  taken  to  build  a  church,  for  which  an 
Ordinance  was  passed  the  following  year.  An  assistant  or 
junior  Chaplain  was  also  appointed  by  the  Home  Govern- 
ment to  St.  George's,  Capetown,  at  a  stipend  of  £300  a  year, 
for  which  post  the  Eev.  E.  G.  Lamb  arrived  in  September 
together  with  the  Eev.  George  Dacre,  who  had  been 
appointed  Military  Chaplain  in  Capetown. 

Two  Church  Ordinances  were  passed  in  1845;  one 
authorizing  the  election  of  a  Vestry  and  Churchwardens 
for  Eondebosch  Church,  first  called  St.  Paul's  in  the  Ordi- 
nance ;  the  second  authorizing  a  sum  of  money  to  be  raised 
in  shares  for  building  a  church  at  Fort  Beaufort,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  resolution  of  a  meeting  held  there  on  Nov.  15, 
1842,— the  S.P.C.K.,  and  S.P.G.  having  each  granted  £100 
towards  the  building. 

*  Mr.  Long  had  been  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London  "for  the 
cure  of  souls  in  Her  Majesty's  foreign  possessions,"  and  sent  out  by 
the  S.P.G.,  by  whom  part  of  his  salary  at  Graaff-Ivcinet  was  paid. 


94      English  Church  History  in  Sonth  Africa. 


CHAPTER  X. 

1846-1848. 


Capetown. 

Military  (1807). 
Eev.  G.  Dacre,  1845-1854. 

Colonial  (1811). 

Eev.     G.     Hougli     (Senior 

Chaplain),  1817-1847. 

(Absent  on  leave.) 

Eev.   E.   G.   Lamb   (Junior 

Chaplain),  1845-1848. 

SiMONSTOWN  (1813). 

Eev.  E.  Judge,  1840-1872. 

Bathurst  (1820). 
Eev.  J.  Barrow,  1833-1874. 

Wynberg  (1821;. 
Eev.  Dr.  Okes,  1834-1855. 

Grahamstowx  (1823). 
Eev.   J.    Heavyside,    1838- 
18G1. 

Port  Elizabeth  ^1825). 
Eev.  F.  McClelland,  1825- 
1853. 


Clergy. 

EONDEBOSCH  (1834). 
Eev.  J.  Fry,  1840-1861. 


SiDBURY  (1842). 
Eev.  G.  V.   Thorpe,    1842- 
1849. 

George  (1845). 
Eev.  E.  T.  Scott,  1845-1848. 

Graaff-Eeinet  (1845). 
Eev.  W.  Long,  1845-1854. 

UlTENHAGE  (1847). 

Eev.  W.  Copeman,  1847. 

Eev.  H.  Beaver,  Col.  Ch. 
Soc.  Chaplain,  Fort  Beau- 
fort, 1842. 

Eev.  T.  A.  Blair,  Col.  Ch. 
Soc.  Chaplain  (Trinity 
Church),  1841. 

Eev.  G.  F.  Childe,  Eoyal 
Observatory,  1846. 


The  deplorable  Kafir  war  whicl],  in  spite  of  Sir  Peregrine 
Maitland's  philaiithroi^ic  intentions,  raged  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  year  1846,  seems  to  have  occupied  men's  minds 
to  the  almost  entire  exclusion  of  other  matters :  and  there 
is  no  year  throughout  the  whole  period  wo  have  been 
reviewing  which  affords  so  little  to  chronicle.    The  Governor 


English  Church  History  in  Sonth  Africa.      95 

and  liis  staff,  including  the  Rev.  B.  Haitian d,  were  on  the 
frontier,  and  martial  law  was  in  force  throughout  the 
Colony.  At  the  suggestion  of  the  Synodical  Commission  of 
the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  Thursday,  28th  of  May,  was 
observed  as  a  day  of  Humiliation  and  Prayer  in  consequence 
of  the  war,  and  the  awful  situation  into  which  the  country 
had  been  plunged,  and  the  Ministers  and  members  of  other 
Churches  were  requested  to  unite  with  the  Dutch  Church 
for  that  purpose. 

On  the  subject  of  a  Bishopric  for  the  Cape  the  following 
resolution  was  passed  (6th  January),  the  Feast  of  the 
Epiphany,  by  the  Capetown  District  Committee  of  the 
S.P.C.K. : — "  That  this  society,  contemplating  with  deep 
concern  the  insufficient  provision  which  has  been  hitherto 
made  for  the  spiritual  care  of  the  members  of  our  national 
Church  residing  in  this  Colony,  especially  as  it  regards  the 
want  of  a  systematic  superintendence  of  the  Clergy,  the 
operations  of  missionary  enterprise  in  connection  with  the 
form  and  polity  of  our  Church,  and  the  absence  of  those 
ordinances  the  administration  of  which  is  committed  exclu- 
sively to  the  Episcopal  Order,  do  earnestly  petition  the 
standing  Committee  of  Bishops  in  London  (appointed  with 
full  powers  to  confer  with  the  Ministers  of  the  Crown  to 
arrange  measures  in  concert  with  them  for  the  erection  of 
Bishoprics  in  the  British  Colonies),  that  their  Lordships 
would  be  pleased  to  take  into  consideration  the  claims  of 
the  Colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  if  possible  assist 
it,  as  an  important  dependence  of  the  Empire,  with  the  early 
endowment  of  a  Bishopric."*  About  the  same  time  an 
earnest  appeal  was  numerously  signed  by  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Eastern  Province  and  forwarded  to  the  Committee  of  the 
Colonial  Bishoprics'  Fund.f 

The  relations  between  the  Senior  and  Junior  Chaj^lains  at 
St.  George's  were  from  the  first  not  very  cordial.     So  early 


*  Minute  Book  of  Committee  of  S.P.C.K.  in  St.  George's,  Capetown, 
t  Appendix  D. 


g5      EnglisJi  CJutrch  History  in  South  Africa. 

as  December,  1845,  there  liad  been  differences  between  them 
as  to  the  religions  instruction  given  in  the  Boys'  School,  and 
in  April,  1846,  Mr.  Hough  being  in  ill-health  left  for 
England  on  an  extended  leave  of  absence,  from  which  he 
did  not  return,  resigning  the  Chaplaincy  which  he  had  held 
for  thirty  years,  in  1847.  St.  George's  was  at  this  time 
improved  by  the  erection  of  a  clock  at  a  cost  of  £75,  and 
there  was  a  sensible  jiroposal  (which  was  not  however 
carried  out)  to  reduce  the  height  of  the  pews.  Trinity 
Church,  Harrington  Street,  was  finished,  and  opened  for 
Divine  service  on  the  Fifth  Sunday  after  Trinity,  12th 
July,  1845,  Mr.  Blair  being  the  Incumbent;  the  building 
remained  burdened,  however,  with  a  debt  of  £1,700.  About 
the  same  time  the  Green  Point  Chapel  and  School  House 
was  opened  with  a  sermon  by  Mr.  Blair,  who  continued  to 
officiate  there  occasionally,  alternately  with  dissenters  of 
various  denominations. 

In  March,  1847,  a  second  Ordinance  was  passed  for  Ron- 
debosch  Church  (No.  4  of  1847),  authorizing  the  Ycstry  to 
raise,  by  mortgage  on  the  security  of  the  pew  rents,  a  sum 
of  money  not  exceeding  £2,000  for  the  enlargement  of  the 
church.  This  was  the  year  of  the  great  Irish  famine,  and 
a  sermon,  with  collection  for  the  destitute  Irish,  was 
preached  at  St.  George's  by  Mr.  Lamb  on  the  21st  March. 
The  Eev.  P.  W.  Copcman,  M.A.,  arrived  in  April,  having 
been  appointed  by  Her  Majesty  Minister  of  the  English 
Episcopal  Church  at  Uitenhage,  the  Government  granting 
£100  a  year  on  condition  of  the  people  raising  £75  among 
themselves;-'^  the  S.P.G.  granting  £25  a  year  to  make  it 
up  to  £200.  The  Rev.  G.  F.  Childo  also  arrived  this  year 
for  the  Royal  01)servatory. 

On  the  25th  June,  1847,  Letters  Patent  were  issued 
founding  the  Colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  and  its 
Dependencies,  together  with  the  island  of  St.  Helena,  to  be 

*  At  the  end  of  two  years,  however,  £25  wns  all  that  the  clergyman 
had  received  from  the  j)eople.  (JournalM  kejjt  at  C.  V%.  II.  in  Col.  Cli. 
vol.  3.  p.  310. — Evidently  by  Archdeacon  Merriman.) 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      97 

a  Bishop's  See  and  Diocese,  under  the  style  of  the  Bishopric 
of  Capetown,  and  the  Church  of  St.  George's,  Capetown,  a 
Cathedral  Church  and  Bishop's  See,  also  constituting  the 
whole  town  of  Capetown  a  city  to  be  called  the  city  of  Cape- 
town ;  and  nominating  and  appointing  Eobert  Gray,  D.D., 
to  be  called  and  known  by  the  name  or  title  of  the  Lord 
Bishop  of  Capetown.* 

On  St.  Peter's  Day,  Tuesday,  29th  June,  1847,  Dr.  Gray 
was  consecrated  in  Westminster  Abbey,  together  with  the 
Bishops  of  Melbourne  (Dr.  Perry),  Newcastle  (Dr.  Tyrrell), 
and  Adelaide  (Dr.  Short).     The  following  account  of  the 
service  is  abridged  from  a  very  full  report  in  the  Colonial 
Church  Chronicle.]      Sixteen  hundred  tickets  of  admission 
were  issued,  and  before  the  service  not  only  all  those  pro- 
vided with  tickets  but  several  others  from  distant  parts  of 
the  country  filled  up  every  available  spot  in  the  church. 
At  11   o'clock  the  procession  issued  from  the  Jerusalem 
Chamber  in  the  following  order  : — 
Beadle. 
Almsmen  of  St.  Peter's,  Westminster. 
Choristers. 
Gentlemen  of  the  Choir. 
Minor  Canons. 
Canons'  Verger. 

Canons. 

Dean's  Verger. 

The  Dean. 

Bishops-Designate. 

Bishops-Assistant. 

Archbishop's  Verger. 

The  Archbishop  of  Canterbury. 

Archbishop's  Cbaj^lains. 

Secretary  and  Law  Officers. 

Matins  were  sung  by  the  Eev.  W.  H.  Cope,  the  responses 

*  Appendix  C.  t  Vol.  i.,  p.  41. 


98      English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

being  made  to  Tallis's  harmonies,  accompanied  by  tlio 
organ.  The  Psalms  were  chanted  to  the  first  tone,  fourth 
ending,  as  harmonized  by  Tallis,  whose  Te  Deim  and  Bene- 
dictus  were  also  sung,  the  Lessons  being  read  by  the  Eev. 
H.  H.  Milman  and  the  Eev.  Lord  John  Thynne.  In  the 
Communion  Service,  the  Archbishop  was  celebrant,  the 
Bishops  of  Lichfield  and  Chichester  being  Epistoler  and 
Gospeller,  The  sermon  was  preached  by  the  Bishop  of 
London  from  St.  John  xxi.  17.  At  its  conclusion,  while  the 
Bishops  were  being  vested  in  their  rochets,  Farrant's  exqui- 
site anthem.  Lord,  for  Thy  tender  mercies'  sahe,  was  sung. 
The  Bishops-Designate  were  presented  to  the  Archbishop 
by  the  Bishops  of  Winchester  and  Gloucester.  Tallis's 
Litany  was  then  sung  by  the  Precentor  of  Westminster  and 
the  Eev.  J.  Lupton,  accompanied  by  the  full  choir  and 
organ,  and  the  suffrages  and  concluding  prayers  by  the 
officiating  minor  Canon.  After  the  examination  j^rescribed 
in  the  ordinal,  Handel's  chorus.  The  Lord  gave  the  word, 
with  the  tenor  solo,  Hoiv  beautiful  are  the  feet,  and  the  con- 
cluding chorus,  TJicir  sound  is  gone  out,  from  the  "  Messiah," 
were  sung,  while  the  Bishops  assumed  the  rest  of  the  epi- 
scopal habit.  The  Veni  Creator  was  sung  over  them  to 
Tallis's  harmonies,  and  the  following  Bishops  assisted  the 
Archbishop  in  the  imposition  of  hands  :  the  Bishoj)s  of 
London,  Winchester,  Gloucester,  Chichester  and  Lichfield. 
The  Bishops  of  Oxford,  St.  Asaph,  Madras,  Tasmania,  and 
Antigua  were  also  jH-esent.  About  7G0  j^ersons  received  the 
Holy  Communion,  which  was  sung  throughout  to  Tallis,  and 
the  amount  collected  at  the  offertory  was  £550  for  the 
Colonial  Bishops'  fund.  "  Such  i'fe  the  bare  dry  detail  of  a 
ceremony  of  wliich  it  is  impossible  to  convey  the  interest 
and  the  heart-stirring  felt  by  those  who  witnessed  it.  Our 
strong  feeling  was,  that  it  was  a  day  wortli  having  lived  to 
see : — to  have  lived  to  sec  four  additional  Bishops  sent  out 
to  lands  far  off  ...  .  this  was  much  to  be  thankful 
for.     But  to  see  these  Bishops  set  apart  to  their  high  office 


English  Church  History  in  South  Africa.      99 

in  the  face  of  sixteen  liundred  jDersons — to  witness  the 
devout  earnestness  and  reverent  attention  of  that  great  con- 
gregation, and  to  partake  with  nearly  eight  hundred  persons 
of  the  Holy  Communion — was  a  comfort,  a  privilege,  and  a 
blessing,  which  could  be  fully  appreciated  only  by  those 
who  were  present." 

The  next  few  months  were  spent  by  Bishop  Gray  in 
pleading  the  cause  of  his  South  African  Diocese,  and  on  the 
20th  December  the  Bishop  and  his  party,  which  included 
the  Eevs.  Hon.  H.  Douglas,  H.  Badnall,  and  Messrs.  David- 
son, Clark,  Scott,  Wilson,  Wheeler,  and  Steabler,  sailed  in 
the  ship  Persia  and  arrived  in  Table  Bay  on  Sunday,  20th 
Feb.,  1848.  By  Government  Notice  dated  21st  Feb.,  the 
Governor  directed  the  publication  of  the  Letters  Patent 
in  the  Gazette^  and  on  the  18th  April  His  Excellency 
directed  it  to  be  further  notified  that  all  communications 
connected  with  the  ecclesiastical  and  secular  affairs  of  the 
Church  of  England  in  this  Colony,  which  had  heretofore 
been  made  to  the  Government  were  in  future  to  be  addressed 
to  his  Lordship.  Although  the  Governor  thus  formally 
divested  himself  of  his  jurisdiction  as  Ordinary,  the  title 
was  retained  both  by  himself  and  his  successor,  Sir  G. 
Cathcart,  and  was  not  finally  disused  until  the  arrival  of 
Sir  George  Grey  in  1854. 

We  have  now  reached  the  limits  which  we  had  assigned 
to  ourselves  for  these  sketches.  The  record  of  the  eventful 
history  of  the  Church  in  South  Africa  since  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Bishop — for  which  ample  materials  exist — must 
be  left  to  later  times  and  to  an  abler  pen  than  that  which 
has  essayed  to  sketch  the  earlier  and  comparatively  un- 
eventful years  of  the  Church's  existence  in  this  laud.  It 
only  remains  briefly  to  review  the  state  of  the  Church  in 
the  Colony  at  the  time  of  Bishop  Gray's  arrival. 

Though  England  had  now  held  possession  of  the  Capo 
for  more  than  forty  years,  the  Mother  Church  had  evinced 
very   little   interest  in   the   religious   condition    of  South 

n  2 


100    English  ChurcJi  History  in  Sonth  Africa. 

Africa,  wLich,  tliougli  nominally  under  tlie  sj^iritual  charge 
of  the  Bishop  of  Calcutta,  was  in  as  neglected  and  hopeless 
a  state  as  could  well  be.  At  least  forty  or  fifty  thousand 
English  emigrants  had  been  brought  into  the  Colony,  yet 
nothing  had  been  done  to  provide  them  with  clergy, 
churches,  or  schools.  Every  form  of  dissent  throve  and 
held  a  better  position  than  the  Church,  which  was  at  its 
very  lowest  ebb,  and  a  proverb  and  a  bye-word  in  the  land 
for  its  inefficiency.  The  S.P.G.  was  spending  in  Africa 
£75  out  of  an  annual  income  of  £89,000 ;  and  the  whole 
amount  raised  by  the  Church  in  the  Colony  was  not  more 
than  £500  a  year.  There  were  twelve  Chaplains  at  a  cost 
to  Government  of  £2,945  a  year,  and  two  others  supported 
by  the  Colonial  Church  Society.  There  were  only  ten 
churches  in  the  whole  Colony, — five  in  the  Western,  and 
five  in  the  Eastern  Province — none  between  Capetown  and 
Port  Elizabeth ;  so  that  large  tracts  of  country,  including 
such  districts  as  Caledon,  Swellendam,  and  Knysna,  in 
which  were  considerable  numbers  of  English  families,  were 
spiritually  destitute.  Nor  was  any  attempt  made  to  gather 
into  the  Church's  fold  the  multitudes  of  heathen  with  whom 
the  Colony  abounded.  While  English,  French,  and  German 
Societies  of  various  denominations  were  sending  out  their 
Missionaries,  the  Church  of  England  was  almost  the  only 
communion  which  was  doing  nothing  for  the  conversion  of 
the  heathen  within  and  around  the  Colony.  In  the  adjacent 
Colony  of  Natal,  and  in  the  Orange  Eiver  Sovereignty, 
there  was  not  a  single  English  clergyman.  Uven  in  those 
places  where  clergymen  were  stationed  the  state  of  the 
Church  was  far  from  satisfactory.  On  his  first  visitation 
Bishop  Gray  wrote: — "Most  unfortunately  wliere  our  few 
clergy  have  been  located,  my  ears  have  been  jjaiiied  with 
complaints  and  grievances,  and  I  fear  not  without  sufiicicnt 
cause.  The  clergy  generally  in  this  Diocese  do  not  under- 
stand parochial  work,  tliey  are  not  men  who  are  instant  in 
season,  out  of  season ;  not  earnest,  devout,  laborious  ministers 


English  C J  lurch  History  in  Sonth  Africa.    lOl 

of  God.  At  the  same  time  they  have  very  difficult  duties 
to  fulfil.  They  have  no  opportunities  of  seeing  each  other 
and  stirring  up  one  another  to  their  duties,  and  sink  in 
consequence  into  dull  apathetic  officials."*  Again  he 
writes :  "  It  is  very  mortifying  to  have  to  spend  so  much 
time  at  peace-making  wherever  we  have  clergy.  That  has 
been  my  chief  occupation  at  the  only  places  where  I  have 
found  them."  In  Capetown  itself  Church  matters  were  in 
a  very  bad  state.  The  senior  Chaplain  had  been  absent  in 
England  on  sick  leave  for  nearly  two  years,  and  had  just 
resigned.  The  only  two  clergy  of  Capetown — who  both 
resided  at  Green  Point,  fully  three  miles  from  their 
churches — were  extreme  Low  Churchmen,  and  members  of 
a  little  so-called  Evangelical  Alliance.  The  Baptismal 
Eegeneration  controversy  was  raging,  and  sermons  and 
pamphlets  were  being  issued  against  that  doctrine  of  the 
Church ;  and,  though  sober-minded  Churchmen  were  much 
dissatisfied  at  the  state  of  things,  there  was  a  party  full  of 
jealousies  and  suspicions,  and  ripe  for  almost  anything.  At 
St.  George's  there  were  no  services  except  on  Sundays :  at 
Trinity  there  was  a  week-day  evening  lecture,  badly 
attended.  At  Wynberg,  in  a  school  founded  and  supported 
by  the  Church,  part  of  the  Church  Catechism  was  omitted 
for  fear  of  giving  offence.  In  the  Eastern  Province  only 
two  clergy  seemed  to  be  doing  any  real  work.  One  clergy- 
man had  not  for  some  time  had  a  single  adult  at  church. 
In  short,  the  state  of  the  Church  in  the  Colony  was  one 
dead  level  of  inefficiency,  incompetency,  and  neglect. 

It  was  to  this  "  heritage  of  woe  "  that  Bishop  Gray  suc- 
ceeded. Yet  there  were  gleams  of  hope.  At  the  close  of 
his  first  visitation  the  Bishop  wrote  if  "I  have  seen  our 
people,  though  long  and  grievously  neglected,  still  cling- 
ing  to   their   Mother   Church,   and   ready  to   make   great 

*  Life  of  Bishop  Gray,  vol.  i.,  p.  194. 
t  Journals  of  Visitation  in  1848. 


102    English  Church  History  in  South  Africa. 

personal  exertions  and  sacrifices  to  share  in  lier  ministra- 
tions ;  and  I  am  convinced  that  our  day  of  grace  as  a  Church 
has  not  passed  away ;  but  that  God  has  still  a  great  work 
for  us  to  do  in  South  Africa,  if  we  have  but  the  heart  and 
the  faith  to  enter  upon  it."  In  such  a  spirit  of  faith  and 
hope  did  the  noble-minded  Bishop  Gray  enter  upon  the 
difficult  work,  which,  by  God's  blessing,  with  undaunted 
energy  and  apostolic  zeal  he  was  to  achieve  for  the  Church 
of  Christ  in  South  Africa. 


(     I03     ) 


APPENDIX  A. 

The  following  is  a  list,  nearly  complete,  of  Dr.  Halloran's  published 
works.     They  are  said  to  amount  in  all  to  seventeen. 

1.  A  Sermon  on  the  occasion  of  the  glorious  and  decisive  Victory 
gained  by  the  British  Fleet,  under  command  of  Lord  Viscount 
Nelson,  over  the  united  and  more  numerous  forces  of  France  and 
Spain,  off  Cape  Trafalgar,  on  Monday  the  21st  October,  1805, 
delivered  on  board  H.M.S.  Britannia  at  sea,  on  Sunday  the  3rd 
November,  1805.  By  Laurence  Halloran,  D.D.,  Chaplain  of  the 
aforesaid  ship,  and  Secretary  to  Rear  Admiral  the  Earl  of  Northesk. 
(Date  and  place  unknown,  but  translated  into  Dutch  and  printed 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  1808.     Post  8vo.     pp.  20.) 

2.  The  Battle  of  Trafalgar,  a  poem,  to  which  is  added,  A  Selection 
of  Fugitive  Pieces,  chietly  written  at  sea.  By  Lawrence  Halloran, 
D.D.,  late  Chaplain  of  the  Britannia,  and  Secretary  to  Rear  Admiral 
the  Earl  of  Northesk,  K.B.  Conamur  tenues  grandia.  Horace. 
London :  Printed  for  the  author,  by  Joyce  Gold,  Shoe  Lane ;  and 
sold  by  B.  White,  Fleet  Street;  R.  Faulder,  Bond  Street;  J. 
Asperne,  Cornhill ;  and  W.  N.  Gardner,  PaU  Mall.  1806.  Price 
10s.  M.     8vo.     pp.  130. 

3.  A  Sermon  on  the  Guilt  of  Dishonesty.  In  its  various  degrees ; 
on  its  usual  incentives ;  and  present  and  future  punishment. 
Delivered  before  the  British  Army  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  on 
Sunday  the  29th  May,  1808.  By  Laurens  Halloran,  D.D.,  Chaplain 
to  His  Majesty's  Forces  at  that  Settlement,  late  Chaplain  and 
Secretary  to  Rear  Admiral  the  Earl  of  Northesk,  K.B.,  &c. 
Printed  for  the  author  for  the  purpose  of  gratuitous  distribution. 
8vo.     pp.  16. 

4.  Proceedings  including  Original  Correspondence,  Official  Docu- 
ments, Exhibits,  &c.,  duly  authenticated  and  attested  as  correct 
extracts  from  the  records  of  the  Court  of  Justice,  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  in  a  criminal  process  for  a  libel,  instituted  at  the  suit 
of  Lieut.-Gen.  the  Hon.  H.  G.  Grey ;  and  by  order  of  the  Right 
Hon.  Earl  of  Caledc^i,  Governor  of  that  Colony,  against  Lawrence 
Halloran,  D.D.,  late  Chaplain  to  His  Majesty's  Forces  in  South 
Africa. 

"  In  Heaven  tlierc  still  is  justice 
For  all ;  and  sometimes  to  be  found  on  earth ; — 
I  will  implore  it — both  of  God  and  mcu  !" 
"  To  all  the  world 
I'll  publish  you  a  '  T/jnoit'' — infamy 
Shall  still  pursue  your  steps ;  that  every  one 
IMay  hate,  may  shun  you,  and  with  just  abbovrrcncc 
jMay  point  you  out  to  all  who  know  you  not !" — Meiastasio. 


104  Appendix  A. 

London :  Printed  by  T.  Harper,  jun.,  Crane  Court,  Fleet  Street. 
1811.     8vo.     pp.  711. 

5.  A  Sermon  for  the  General  Fast,  5tli  February,  1812.  With  an 
Appendix,  by  Lawrence  Halloran,  D.D.,  late  Chaplain  to  His  Majesty's 
Naval  and  'Military  Forces,  and  Hector  of  the  Public  Grammsr 
School  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.   Price  2s.  GcZ.   4to.   Jones.    1812. 

[It  does  not  appear  that  this  sermon  was  ever  preached,  but  it 
was  printed  for  the  sake  of  giving  publicity  to  the  author's  complaint 
of  the  injustice  done  to  him  at  the  Cape.] 

6.  Tributary  Stanzas  of  affectionate  regard  to  the  memory  of 
Wm.  Dawson,  Esq.,  of  Liverpool;  Captain  of  H.M.S.  Piedmontaise ; 
who  lately  died  in  the  East  Indies,  in  the  twenty-nineth  year  of  his 
age.  By  Lawi-ence  Halloran,  D.D.,  late  Chaplain  to  H.M.  Naval 
and  MHitary  Forces,  and  Rector  of  the  Pubhc  Grammar  School 
at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.     Price  Is.  6d.    4to.    Stockdale.     1812. 

7.  A  Sermon  occasioned  by  the  sudden  death  of  Mr.  Robert 
Strange,  of  Thordon,  July  25, 1813.  By  L.  Blakeney,  M.A.,  Curate 
ofThordon,  and  Beddingtield,  Suffolk.   Price  2s.   4to.  Wilson.  1813. 

[This  is  both  a  funeral  and  farewell  sermon.] 

8.  A  Pair  of  Odes  for  the  New  Year,  1814,  being  an  Ode  occasioned 
by  the  festivities  at  Belvoir  Castle,  on  the  recent  baptism  of  the 
infant  Marquis  of  Granby ;  and  a  Revolutionary  Ode,  addressed  to 
the  French  nation,  and  respectfully  inscribed  to  His  Majesty, 
Louis  XVIIL,  the  legitimate  sovereign  of  France.  By  the  Rev.  L. 
Blakeney,  A.M.,  Curate  of  Lechlade.    Price  2s.    4to.    Wilson.    1814. 

9.  A  Sermon  preached  before  the  members  of  a  "  Friendly 
Society,"  at  their  Annual  General  Meeting,  held  at  Lechlade,  in 
the  county  of  Gloucester,  May  30,  1814.  By  L.  Blakeney,  A.M., 
Curate  of  Lechlade.     Price  2s.     4to.     Printed  at  Cirencester,  1815. 

10.  A  Sermon  preached  at  the  Annual  Visitation  of  Dursley, 
May,  23,  1815,  before  the  worshipful  and  Reverend  Thomas 
Rudge,  B.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Gloucester,  and  the  Reverend  the 
Clergy  of  the  Deanery  of  Dursley.  By  the  Rev.  L.  Blakeney,  A.M., 
Curate  and  Lecturer  of  Dursley.  (Text,  2  Tim.  ii.  23-25.) 
Price  2s.     4to.     Printed  at  Cirencester.     1815. 

11.  A  Farewell  Sermon,  or  parting  Address  to  his  Parishioners. 
By  the  Rev.  L.  Blakeney,  A.M.  (No  date.)  Price  2s.  4to. 
Printed  at  Cirencester.     1815. 

12.  Ne^vgate,  <n-  Desultory  Sketches  in  a  Prison.  A  poem  and 
other  original  fugitive  pieces,  with  notes  and  an  appendix.  By 
Lawrence  Halloran,  D.D.,  at  present  a  prisoner  in  His  Majesty's 
Gaol  of  Newgate,  under  sentence  of  transportation  for  seven  years, 
on  a  charge  of  having  defrauded  tlie  Post  Ollice  revenue  oi  the  sum 
of  "  Tkn  Pence,"  l)y  counterfeiting  a  franc.  "  Adsit  regula  peccatis 
quas  poonas  irroget  a^quas ;  ne  scutica  dignum  horribili  scctcre 
iiagello."  Loudon:  Printed  for  the  autlior,  and  sold  for  the  benefit 
of  his  numerous  young  family,  by  Whitmore  and  Fenn,  Charing 
Cross.     1818.     4to.    pp.  74. 


(    105    ) 


APPENDIX  B. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
24:th  March,  1818. 

To  the  Lord  Bishop  of  London. 

"  My  Lord,— My  professional  duty  as  Commissioner  of  His 
Majesty's  Navy  resident  in  this  Colony,  lately  induced  me  to  take 
a  journey  through  the  south-eastern  parts  of  it,  in  order  to  visit  a 
port  recently  discovered  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eiver  Knysna ;  and  in 
the  course  of  it,  I  have  made  such  observations  upon  the  state  of 
the  country  through  which  I  have  passed  mth  respect  to  its  inhabi- 
tants as  appear  to  be  deserving  of  your  Lordship's  notice.  Under 
such  an  impression,  I  take  the  liberty  of  offering  them,  in  the 
conviction  that  should  they  open  any  means  of  extending  the 
influence  of  the  Church  of  England,  and  consequently  of  diffusing 
the  knowledge  of  the  Gospel,  your  Lordship  will  excuse  the 
intrusion. 

"  Throughout  the  whole  extent  of  country  between  Hottentot's 
Holland  and  Plettenberg  Bay,  there  are  but  three  clergymen,  viz., 
one  at  Caledon,  one  at  George,  and  the  other  at  Swellendam.  The 
population  exceeds  7,000,  and  is  constantly  increasing.  The 
dwellings  of  the  inhabitants,  generally  speaking,  are  scattered 
through  these  districts  at  such  a  distance  from  the  places  above 
mentioned,  that  very  few  can  form  part  of  the  weekly  congregation. 
The  farmers  have  no  means  of  instruction  within  themselves ;  in 
some  instances  a  schoolmaster  is  kept  in  the  family,  or  rather  a 
person  who  can  barely  read  and  write,  of  low  origin,  and  often  of 
vicious  habits.  Books  of  any  description,  except  the  Bible  (and  not 
always  that),  are  seldom  seen  in  their  houses.  The  hoers  of  this 
Colony  are  by  no  means  deficient  in  capacity,  or  good  dispositions  ; 
on  the  contrary,  I  have  generally  remarked  amongst  them  great 
intelligence,  much  frankness  and  disinterestedness,  and  their  hospi- 
tality is  a  theme  of  praise  with  all  who  have  had  recourse  to  it. 

"  Their  defects  and  privations  arise  from  inveterate  prejudices, 
inherited  from  the  early  colonists,  and  fostered  by  the  state  of  gross 
ignorance  in  which  they  have  been  brought  up.  No  amelioration 
can  take  place  whilst  these  obstacles  exist ;  and  1  feel  convinced  they 
can  only  be  removed  by  religious  instruction.  No_  legislative 
measures  for  the  improvement  of  the  country  (of  which  it  is  greatly 
susceptible)  can  be  eflicacious,  until  the  understandings  of  these 
people  are  made  parties  in  the  cause.    At  present  they  are  in  direct 


lo6  Appendix  B. 

liostility  to  any  cliange  however  advantageous.  I'lie  radical  evil  I 
consider  to  be  the  state  of  slavery  in  this  country,  or  rather  the 
manner  in  which  this  wretched  class  of  men  are  viewed  by  the 
colonists.  The  slaves  here  labour  under  disabilities  which  I  believe 
are  peculiar  to  this  country.  They  are,  by  the  existing  laws  of  the 
Colony,  prohibited  from  becoming  Christians,  and  from  marrying. 

"  The  tirst  of  these  cruel  restrictions  has,  in  a  few  instances,  been 
dispensed  with,  but  the  latter  never.  On  the  contrary,  it  is  most 
jiertinaciously  adhered  to.  The  effect  of  such  laws  is  but  too 
evident,  not  only  to  the  judgment,  but  to  experience.  The  first 
gives  the  utmost  facility  to  the  diffusion  of  the  INIahometan  tenets, 
whilst  it  impedes  the  progress  of  Christianity;  and  the  most 
immoral  and  pernicious  consequences  inevitably  result  from  the 
latter.  These  are  too  obvious  and  too  well  known  to  admit  of  their 
being  dwelt  upon.  I  will  only  observe  that  the  youth  of  the  most 
opulent  families  are,  in  consequence  of  such  a  system,  brought  up  in 
total  abandonment  of  those  priuciples  from  which  alone  they  can 
ever  be  expected  to  become  Avorthy  and  exemjilary  fathers  of 
families.  The  most  unquestionable  authority  may  be  referred  to  in 
support  of  these  observations.  Many  of  the  jirincipal  slave  jiro- 
])rietors,  if-  is  notorious,  give  a  preference  to  their  slaves  being 
]Mah(jmetans  instead  of  Christians  ;  in  the  first  place,  because  they 
conceive  it  induces  sobriety,  and  in  the  next,  as  it  gives  them  a 
jMnver  over  their  female  slaves  which  is  incompatible  with 
Christianity. 

"  These  practices,  which  in  the  educated  colonists  are  to  be  viewed 
Avith  just  abhorrence,  must,  amongst  the  illiterate  boers,  be  deplored 
as  the  eflect  of  dark  ignorance.  A  total  reformation  of  the  former 
class  I  consider  as  almost  hopeless.  They  may  be  aAved  by  the 
expression  of  public  rei)roach,  l)ut  the  inclination  will  remain,  and 
every  means  will  be  resorted  to  to  retain  their  powei*.  With  the 
latter  class  (the  great  majority)  it  is  very  different.  They  err  from 
want  of  knowing  better;  and,  I  am  convinced,  possess  feelings  which, 
if  jiroperly  directed,  would  gl<»rify  their  (>od,  and  bring  down  His 
blessings  upon  their  country.  The  dis])osition  of  the  present 
Government  of  this  Colony  to  annihilate  these  evils,  is  all  that  can 
1)6  wished.  Ptepeated  efforts  have  Iteen  made  by  his  Excellency 
the  Governor  to  ameliorate  the  situation  of  the  slaves  and  lower 
classes,  but  his  ])ower  is  not  suflicient  to  ]»roduce  the  desired  effect. 
The  ]K*rsons  of  influence  amongst  the  colonists  are  too  jealous  of  the 
articles  of  cajiitulation  to  hear  of  the  smallest  alteration  being  made 
in  these  laws;  they  instantly  take  the  alarm,  and  join  unanimously 
to  reject  every  idea  of  improvement  which  they  sus[iect  may,  in  any 
way  however  remote,  interfere  with  their  interests;  and  their  slaves 
are  considered  as  the  most  valuable  ])art  of  their  property.  All 
liopes  of  reform  must  be  derived  from  the  exerti<jns  of  the  mother- 
C'-tuntry,   not   by   an   infringement   of  its   engagements   with    the 


Appendix  B.  107 

colonists,  but  by  earnest  rcconiniendations  and  perseverini^  efforts  to 
increase  the  Christian  population,  l)y  the  instruction  of  the  Hotten- 
tots and  Negroes,  as  well  slaves  as  free.  I  am  prepared  to  find  that 
the  first  endeavours  may  not  be  greatly  successful,  but  they  will 
gradually  increase  in  influence,  and  the  public  mind  may  in  the 
meantime  be  improved  and  enlightened  by  religious  instruction. 
The  success  of  the  Moravians,  at  their  establishment  for  the  con- 
version and  civilization  of  the  Hottentots  at  Bavians  Kloof,  which  I 
visited  on  mj^  journey,  affords  the  strongest  encouragement  to 
similar  efforts  being  made  by  the  Church  of  England.  The  con- 
templation of  the  truly  benign  elfects  resulting  from  the  mild  and 
patient  conduct  of  these  excellent  people,  the  rapid  progress  their 
converts  Avere  making  in  religion  and  in  the  acquisition  of  the 
comforts  of  hfe,  first  excited  in  me  the  wish  to  address  your  Lord- 
ship, firmly  impressed  ^nth  the  conviction  that  one  amiable, 
benevolent,  and  consistent  clergyman  of  the  Church  of  England 
would,  in  the  course  of  a  very  short  time,  produce  effects  equally 
salutary,  not  only  on  the  poor  and  destitute  inhabitants  of  the 
Colony,  but  that  his  influence  would  extend  to  the  wealthy  farmer 
and  his  dependents. 

"The  expense  of  such  an  undertaking  need  not  be  great.  A 
certain  extent  of  land  given,  in  the  first  instance,  by  the  Crown,  for 
<i  churcli  and  glebe,  and  another  for  distribution  amongst  free 
persons  of  every  description,  whether  Europeans,  Hottentots, 
Negroes,  or-  Malays,  might  be  granted  whenever  required.  These 
settlers  should  be  assisted  in  the  infancy  of  the  institution  Avith  a 
small — but  very  small — portion  of  capital,  so  as  to  enable  them  to 
provide  articles  of  the  first  necessity,  such  as  clothes,  furniture, 
implements  for  building,  cattle  and  corn  for  the  first  year,  the 
amount  of  which  might  be  paid  off  by  very  moderate  instalments. 

"  I  am  firmly  convinced  that  the  happiest  effects  would  very  soon 
result  from  such  an  undertaking.  It  would  be  no  wild  speculation, 
but  one  that  must  be  of  essential  benefit  to  the  Colony  and  thence 
to  the  mother-country ;  for  the  expenses  would  in  a  short  time  be 
defrayed  by  increase  of  trade  and  national  prosperity.  I  beg  leave 
to  give  your  Lordship  an  instance  of  the  value  that  becomes 
immediately  attached  to  land  in  this  Colony  when  put  under 
cultivation,  or  rather  when  it  is  only  in  contemplation  to  cultivate 
it.  The  proprietors  of  difterent  estates  in  Hottentot's  Holland, 
about  thirty  miles  from  Capetown,  were  desirous  of  building  a 
church  to  which  their  famihes  might  resort  on  the  Sabbath,  instead 
of  having  a  journey  of  twelve  miles  to  perform  in  going  to  the 
church  at  Stellenbosch.  A  piece  of  ground  was  selected  for  the 
purpose,  and  purchased  by  subscrii)tion  for  23,000  guilders;  a 
portion  of  it  was  marked  out  for  the  church,  another  for  the  clergy- 
man's house  and  garden,  and,  as  there  remained  a  considerable 
quantity  beyond  what  was  required  for  these  purposes,  it  was  sold 


I08  Appendix  B. 

by  auction  in  small  lots  for  building  houses  near  the  church,  and 
brought  the  extraordinary  price  of  161,000  guilders.  A  similar 
effect,  although  probably  not  so  great  in  degree,  Avill  result  whenever 
a  government  establishment  may  take  place.  By  building  and 
endowing  a  church.  Government  would  be  enabled  to  sell  the  con- 
tiguous ground  so  advantageously  as  to  remunerate  them  for  all 
the  expenses ;  and  by  sending  inhabitants  from  England  for  new 
settlements,  the  chief  want  of  the  Colony  would  be  supplied — 
that  of  2^opulation ;  whilst  numbers  now  starving  and  destitute 
in  the  mother-country  would  be  provided  for,  and  the  poor 
rates  relieved  in  proportion.  But  what  is  of  still  greater  im- 
portance, the  Christian  rehgion  would  be  promoted  in  every  jjart 
of  this  extensive  Colony.  An  establishment  of  this  kind  would  be 
particularly  desirable  in  the  vicinity  of  Knysna,  of  Mossel  Bay,  and 
the  Brede  Eivoi*.  The  Knysna  and  the  Brede  Eiver  are  secure  and 
valuable  ports,  only  ascertained  to  be  such  within  the  last  two 
years  ;  and  Mossel  Bay  may  at  a  very  trifling  expense  become  such 
in  a  very  short  time.  They  are  all  situated  in  fertile  corn  countries. 
The  Knysna  has  the  additional  advantage  of  being  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  an  extensive  and  valuable  forest,  where 
timber  for  building  the  largest  ships  is  to  be  had  in  abundance  and 
with  facility.  Upon  an  attentive  consideration  of  all  these 
circumstances,  I  cannot  resist  the  impulses  I  feel  to  entreat  your 
Lordship's  notice  of  them,  and  that  you  would  be  pleased  to 
recommend  the  measure  of  even  one  clergyman  of  the  Church  of 
England  being  sent  out  and  established  in  either  of  the  places  above 
mentioned,  with  a  very  limited  number  of  poor  families  from 
England,  by  way  of  an  experiment,  upon  the  success  of  which  may 
depend  the  extension  of  the  plan. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  be,  etc., 

"  J.  Brextok." 


(     109    ) 


APPENDIX  C. 

Ordinance   of   His   Excellency   the   Governor  in  Council, 
for  authorising  a  sum  of  money  to  be  raised  in  shares, 

FOR  ERECTIxSIG  AN   ENGLISH   ChURCH   AT   CaPE   ToWN. 

Whereas  several  Persons  have  subscribed  certain  sums  of  money 
for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  Church  at  Cape  Town,  for  the  Cele- 
bration of  Divine  Service  according  to  the  Rites  of  the  United 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  as  by  law  established,  on  the  site 
consecrated  for  that  purpose  by  the  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Calcutta, 
upon  tlie  principle  that  such  Subscribers  should  have  a  right  of 
property  in  the  pews  of  the  said  Cliurch,  and  in  or  about  the 
month  of  October,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1827,  a  Committee  of 
Management  was  appointed  for  carrying  their  intention  into  effect, 
which  Committee  hath  received  part  of  the  said  Subscriptions,  to- 
gether with  several  sums  of  money  from  various  Persons,  by  way 
of  Donations,  for  furthering  the  building  of  the  said  Church :  And 
whereas  His  Excellency  the  Governor  hath  agi-eed  to  grant  from  the 
Treasury  of  this  Colony,  towards  the  Building  and  completing  the 
said  Church,  to  the  Persons  who  shall  undertake  and  become  bound 
for  completing  the  same,  a  sum  not  exceeding  the  sum  of  £5000 
sterling,  in  manner  following — that  is  to  say,  the  sum  of 

£500,  when  the  foundations  are  up  to  the  surface,  and  completed ; 

£500,  when  the  walls  are  as  high  as  the  bottom  of  the  windows ; 

£500,  when  the  walls  are  as  high  as  the  tops  of  the  windows ; 

£1000,  when  the  walls  are  roof  high,  the  wall-plates  on,  and  the 
roof  in  frame ; 

£1000,  when  the  Mason's  and  Bricklayer's  work  is  completed, 
including  the  tower ; 

£500,  when  the  plastering  inside  and  outside  is  completed ; 

£500,  when  the  Joiner's  work  is  completed ; 

And  the  remainder  of  the  said  sum  of  £5000  to  be  paid  when 
the  whole  building  is  taken  over  from  the  Contractors  in  a  complete 
state. 

And  whereas  the  said  Committee  have  received  and  approved  of 
a  plan  and  specification  for  building  tlie  said  Church,  together  with 
tenders  for  the  building  thereof  according  to  the  said  plan  and 
specification,  but  the  several  sums  befoi'c-mcntioned  have  been 
found  to  be  insufficient  for  completing  the  said  building :  Where- 
upon at  a  public  Meeting  of  the  said  Subscribers  and  Committee  of 
Management,  holdcn  pursuant  to  advertisement  and  notice  thereof 


no  Appendix  C. 

in  the  Commercial  Advertiser  Xeivsiia^Kr^  on  the  27th  day  ot 
August  now  last,  it  was  agreed  and  resolved  by  the  said  Subscribers 
and  Committee  of  Management  (amongst  other  things),  that  the 
said  scheme  should  be  percmf)torily relinquished;  and  that  in  order 
to  raise  a  sum  of  money  amounting  together  with  the  said  sum  to 
be  granted  by  His  Excellency  the  Governor  as  aforesaid,  and  the 
said  donations,  to  the  sum  of  £12,070,  being  near  *or  about  the 
estimated  cost  of  building  and  completing  the  said  Churcli,  a  cer- 
tain number  of  Shares  should  be  disposed  of — that  is  to  say,  the 
number  of  250  Shares  at  £25  each.  And  whereas  several  of  the 
said  Subscribers,  and  other  Persons,  have  agreed  to  take  Shares  in 
the  said  loan  as  aforesaid — that  is  to  say. 

The  Honorable  Sir  John  Wylde,  Knight,  Chief  Justice  of  this 
Colony ;  the  Honorable  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  T3ell,  C.B. ;  and 
the  Reverend  George  Hough,  Master  of  Arts ;  ten  Shares  each. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  William  Hopper;  eight  Shares. 

liicc  Jones  Jones,  and  Hamilton  Ross;  six  Shares  each. 

George  Thompson  and  John  Bardwell  Ebden  ;  five  Shares  each. 

William  Hay  ward,  Assistant  Commissary  General ;  the  Reverend 
Edward  Judge,  Master  of  Arts;  William  Scott;  Laurence  Twenty- 
man  ;  Hudson,  Donaldson,  and  Dixon ;  and  William  Hawkins, 
Agent  to  the  Honorable  the  East  India  Company  ;  four  Shares  each. 

Ewan  Christian  ;  and  Samuel  Oliver;  three  Shares  each. 

Thomas  Kift  Deaue  ;  William  Hutchons;  George  Grcig ;  John 
Deane ;  Francis  Collison ;  James  Home ;  George  Wilson  Prince ; 
John  Blore;  John  Robert  Thomson;  William  Hey  ward ;  Edward 
Durban  &  Co. ;  Charles  Baron  de  Lorentz ;  William  Wilberforce 
Bird ;  Henry  Buckton ;  John  Barker ;  Joseph  Simpson ;  John 
Thomas  Buck;  the  Honorable  William  Westbrooke  Burton,  one  of 
the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court ;  Antonio  Chiappini ;  Edward 
Smith;  William  Hunt;  Benjamin  Philli])s;  Charles  Mackenzie; 
Isaac  Manuel ;  Carel  Ferdinand  Heinrich  von  Ludwig ;  Robert 
Waters ;  Edward  George ;  Lieutenant  James  Bance,  of  the  Royal 
Xavy;  Robert  Reeves;  Major  George  Jackman  Rogers;  the  Honorable 
Joachim  Willem  Stoll ;  Anthony  Oliphant,  His  Majesty's  Attorney 
General  for  this  Colony;  Charles  Dixon;  Daniel  Jacob  Cloete; 
Henry  Hewitt;  James  Smith;  William  Billingsley;  Thomas  Fair- 
clough;  Clorke  Burton,  Master  of  the  Supreme  Court;  the  Honor- 
able George  Kekewich,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Su])reme  Court ; 
Hendrik  Cloete,  L.'sson;  Herman  Schutte;  Major  Charles  Cornwallis 
Michell;  Thomas  and  John  Sinclair;  Lieutenant-Colonel  William 
Cuthbcrt  I'ilphinstone  Holloway,  of  the  Royal  Engineers;  James 
Carfrae  &:  Company  ;  and  James  Carey ;  two  Shares  each. 

William  John  Mackrill ;  Frederick  Dickinson  ;  William  Lawson; 
John  Ilartfield  Tredgold ;  George  William  Silbcrbauer;  George 
Herbert;  Frederik  Ste])hanus  Watcrmeyer;  Hercules  Tennant ; 
Captain  William  Ronald ;  James   Duff  Watt,   Deputy  Assistant 


Appendix  C.  iii 

Commissary  General ;  William  Benson ;  Picter  Gerhard  Brink, 
Auditor  General ;  Joseph  Dixie ;  John  Brown ;  Mrs.  Johanna 
Adriana  Hardman ;  Samuel  Capon ;  William  Gadney ;  Thomas 
Elliot;  Thomas  Hall;  Andries  Thomas  Stadler ;  Willem  Anthon 
Joseph  Liesching ;  Edwin  Oldham ;  Andrew  Steedman ;  Eichard 
Stone ;  Joseph  Sturgis ;  John  Syrae ;  Thomas  Heyward ;  Jolm 
William  Lolley;  Thomas  Ansdell;  Daniel  Mills,  Jnn. ;  Eoberfc 
Crozier ;  Pieter  Donald  Plohne ;  Joseph  Trueman ;  William  Bride- 
kirk  ;  Egbert  Andries  Buyskes ;  John  Marshall ;  Jacob  Davies 
Gregory  ;  Adrian  Christian  Deneys ;  Edward  Eager ;  Joseph  Day ; 
Thomas  Henry  Bowles,  Eegistrar  of  the  Supreme  Court;  Petrus 
Borchardus  Borcherds,  Judge  of  Police  ;  Thomas  Tennant ;  Harrison 
Watson;  Alexander  Thomson ;  John  Fairbairn;  Michiel  Christian 
Wolff;  James  Molton ;  Frederick  Venablcs;  Richard  Heurtley; 
Michiel  de  Kock ;  Johannes  Henoch  Neethling ;  the  Honorable  Sir 
Johannes  Andreas  Truter,  Knight ;  Major  Abraham  Josias  Cloete ; 
John  Skirrow ;  Abraham  de  Smidt ;  William  McDonald  Mackay  ; 
Edwin  Maude  ;  Frederick  Wilhelm  Heideman ;  Ker  Baillie  Hamil- 
ton ;  Lancelot  Cooke ;  John  Chisholm,  Senior ;  Ralph  Rogerson ; 
Carel  Gerhard  Blackenberg  ;  John  Samuel  Merrington ;  and  Howson 
Edward  Rutherfond;  one  Share  each. 

Authority  given  to  raise  a  Sum  of  Money  on  Loan  hy  Shares. — 
And  whereas  the  said  Persons  have  made  application  that  an  Ordi- 
nance may  be  passed,  to  sanction  and  confirm  the  plan  adopted  at 
the  said  Meeting,  and  to  provide  for  carrying  the  same  into  effect : 
— Now,  therefore,  be  it  enacted  by  His  Excellency  the  Governor  in 
Council,  that  from  and  after  the  passing  of  this  Ordinance,  the  said 
first-mentioned  Scheme  shall  and  may  be  abandoned  and  relin- 
guished ;  and  that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said  Persons 
who  have  already  agreed,  and  all  such  as  shall  by  virtue  of  any  of 
the  Provisions  of  this  Ordinance  hereafter  agree  to  take  Shares  in 
the  said  loan,  to  raise  among  themselves,  in  manner  and  for  the 
purpose  aforesaid,  such  a  sum  of  money  as,  together  with  the  said 
sum  so  to  be  granted  from  the  Colonial  Treasury,  and  the  said 
donations,  shall  amount  to  the  sum  of  £12,070 ;  and  it  shall  and 
may  be  lawful  for  such  Persons  to  become  Share-Holders  in  the 
said  loan,  and  to  take  such  Shares  therein  (not  exceeding  by  any 
one  Person  the  number  of  ten  Shares)  as  such  persons  have  already 
agreed,  or  shall  hereafter  agree  to  take  in  the  said  loan,  until  the 
whole  number  of  250  Shares  shall  have  been  disposed  of. 

Of  the  Shake-Holders, — their  Rights  and  Privileges. 

II.  Shares  ivhen  and  hoiv  saleable  and  transferahle. — And  be  it 
enacted.  That  no  Share  shall  be  transferable  by  any  Holder  thereof, 
nor  any  i-ight  nor  interest  therein,  until  all  the  calls  thereon  shall 
have  been  paid,  as  hereinafter  mentioned ;  but  after  the  said  calls 


1 1 2  Appendix  C. 

sliall  have  been  paid,  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  any  Sharc- 
Holder  to  sell  or  transfer  his  Share  or  Shares,  and  all  his  right  and 
interest  in  respect  thereof,  to  any  other  Person,  by  endorsement  on 
the  said  Share,  or  otherwise  as  he  shall  see  fit :  Provided,  however, 
that  no  sale  of  any  such  Share  shall  take  place  by  public  auction, 
but  sliall  be  by  private  contract  only ;  and  that  the  person  to  whom 
any  Share  or  Shares  shall  be  sold  or  transferred  as  aforesaid,  shall 
forthwith  give  notice  thereof  to  the  Trustees,  to  be  elected  in  manner 
hereinafter-mentioned. 

III.  Interest  upon  Shares. — And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  sums 
advanced  by  Share-Holders  in  respect  of  their  several  Shares,  shall 
bear  interest  from  and  after  the  day  on  which  the  said  Church  shall 
be  opened  for  Divine  Service  therein,  and  not  sooner. 

IV.  Suhscrihers  to  the  original  2^lan,  to  have  a  preference  in 
talcing  Shares. — And  be  it  enacted.  That  all  Persons  who  have 
subscribed  to  the  original  plan  for  building  the  said  Church,  and 
have  alrcad}'-  paid  the  first  instalment  of  their  Subscription,  shall, 
until  and  upon  the  4th  day  of  September  next,  be  entitled  to  become 
Share-Holders  in  the  said  loan,  in  x^i'cference  to  all  others  who  have 
not  so  subscribed  and  paid  as  aforesaid ;  and  all  those  Subscribers 
who  shall  decline  to  take  Shares  in  the  said  loan,  shall  be  entitled 
to  demand  and  receive  back  from  the  Committee  of  Management, 
during  the  time  of  their  continuance  in  office,  and  afterwards  from 
tlie  Trustees,  all  such  sums  of  money  as  they  sliall  have  paid  as 
aforesaid. 

V.  Holders  of  more  than  Five  Shares,  to  give  up  part  of  their 
Shares  if  necessary. — And  be  it  enacted,  That  if  it  should  happen 
that  the  whole  number  of  250  Shares  shall  be  taken  bel'ore  the  4th 
day  of  September  next,  and  there  should  then  be  other  Persons 
desirous  of  taking  Shares,  those  who  have  agreed  to  take  more  than 
five  Shares  shall  relinguish  each  one  Share,  beginning  with  the 
Holder  of  the  greatest  number  of  Shares,  until  the  required  number 
of  Shares  shall  be  provided ;  and  the  order  in  which  such  Shares 
.shall  be  relinquished  by  the  Holders  of  an  equal  number  of  Shares, 
shall,  if  need  be,  be  determined  by  ballot  amongst  them, — provided, 
however,  that  the  original  Holder  of  a  greater  number  of  Shares, 
who  shall  in  manner  before-mentioned  have  been  reduced  to  be  the 
Holder  of  a  smaller  number,  shall  not  be  again  obliged  to  relinguish 
or  give  up  a  Sliare,  nor  be  included  in  any  such  ballot  as  aforesaid, 
until  all  the  original  Holders  of  such  smaller  number  shall  each 
have  relinquished  and  given  up  a  Share. 

VI.  Shareholders  rights  of  voting. — And  be  it  enacted,  that  all 
the  Share-Holders  in  the  said  loan  shall  have  the  right  of  voting 
in  the  election  of  Trustees,  and  in  all  matters  relating  to  the 
erection  of  the  said  Church,  and  the  management  of  the  funds 
thereof,  until  the  said  loan  shall  have  been  wholly  repaid  and  dis- 
charged, according  to  the  number  of  their  respective  Shares, — that 


Appendix  C.  ii3 

is  to  say,  the  Holder  of  one  Share  shall  be  entitled  to  ono  vote ;  the 
Holder  of  two  or  three  Shares  shall  be  entitled  to  two  votes ;  the 
Holder  of  four  or  five  Shares,  to  three  votes ;  the  Holder  of  six  or 
seven  Shares,  to  four  votes ;  and  the  Holder  of  eight,  nine,  or  ten 
Shares,  to  five  votes. 

VII.  Shareliolders  right  of  cJioosing  and  renting  Feius. — And  be 
it  enacted,  That  on  the  completion  of  the  said  Church,  and  after 
the  i^roper  number  of  pews  shall  have  been  set  apart  and  allotted 
for  the  use  of  the  Governor,  Minister,  and  Church- Wardens,  as 
hereinafter-mentioned,  all  Share-Holders  shall  have  a  right  to  become 
each  the  Renter  of  a  pew,  in  preference  to  any  other  Persons  who 
possess  no  Shares ;  and  the  Share-Holders  shall  amongst  themselves 

.  have  priority  in  the  choice  of  pews,  of  whatever  size,  or  seats  not 
exceeding  six,  according  to  the  number  of  their  Shares, — the  Holders 
of  the  greater  number  of  Shares  to  have  the  prior  choice ;  and  the 
choice  of  Holders  of  an  equal  number  of  Shares,  to  be  determined, 
if  need  be,  by  ballot  amongst  them  :  Provided,  however,  that  it 
shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  Trustees  at  their  discretion,  upon 
the  application  of  any  Share-Holder,  whose  Family  may  require  a 
greater  number  of  seats  in  the  said  Church  than  six,  to  permit  and 
allow  such  Share-Holder  to  choose  two  adjoining  pews,  such  two 
pews  containing  not  more  than  ten  sittings. 

VIII.  No  second  choice  in  respect  of  the  same  Shares  until  the 
Few  first  chosen  has  been  relinquished. — And  be  it  enacted.  That 
the  Trustees  shall  keep  a  book,  or  plan,  wherein  shall  be  entered 
the  names  of  all  Share-Holders,  in  the  order  of  the  number  of 
Shares  taken  by  them,  the  numbers  of  their  said  Shares  respectively, 
and  the  number  or  description  of  the  pew  chosen  by  each  Share- 
Holder  in  respect  thereof;  and  every  Share-Holder  shall,  on  making 
his  choice  as  aforesaid,  sign  his  name  in  a  column  opposite  to  the 
said  entry,  in  acknowledgment  of  the  truth  thereof;  and  no  second 
choice  shall  be  afterwards  made  by  any  Holder  of  the  same  Shares, 
or  any  of  them,  except  upon  the  pew  so  chosen  as  aforesaid  being 
first  relinquished  and  given  up. 

IX.  Nature  of  Shareholders  right  in  Pews. — ^And  be  it  enacted, 
That  upon  any  Share-Holder  having  duly  made  choice  of  a  pew, 
the  said  Share-Holder,  his  Heirs  and  Assigns,  shall  and  may  for 
ever  afterwards  possess  and  occupy  the  same,  without  the  hindrance 
or  disturbance  of  any  Person  whomsoever,  so  long  as  he  or  they 
shall  continue  to  pay  the  rent  affixed  thereon,  when  and  as  the  same 
shall  become  due  and  payable,  and  shall  continue  to  hold  the  Share 
or  Shares  in  respect  of  which  the  said  pew  was  chosen,  or  the  same 
shall  have  been  paid  off  by  the  Trustees  by  virtue  of  any  of  the 
Provisions  of  this  Ordinance. 

X.  General  Meetings  of  Shareholders  luhen  and  how  holden. — 
And  be  it  enacted.  That  a  General  Meeting  of  the  Sharc-Holdert 
shall  be  holden  on  the  first  Monday  of  October,  in  every  year,  as 

I 


114  Appendix  C. 

sucli  place  as  shall  l)e  appointed  by  the  Trustees  for  that  purpose, 
and  notice  Avhereof  shall  he  given  by  them  b}^  advertisement  in  one 
of  the  Newspapers  of  this  Colony  fourteen  days  at  least  before  the 
same  is  to  be  liolden ;  and  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  Trus- 
tees, or  the  Auditors,  or  cither  of  the  Auditors,  to  be  elected  as 
hereinafter-mentioned,  at  any  time  to  call  a  General  Meeting  of  the 
Share-Holders,  upon  giving  the  like  notice  thereof. 

Of  the  Trustees  and  Auditors,  their  Powers  and  Duties. 

XI.  Time  and  mode  of  electing  the  first  Trustees  and  Auditors. — 
And  be  it  enacted,  1'hat  on  the  9th  day  of  September  now  next,  a 
General  Meeting  of  the  Share-Holders  shall  be  holden  at  some 
convenient  place  in  Cape  Town,  notice  whereof  shall  be  given  by 
the  said  Committee  of  Management,  by  advertisement  in  one  of  the 
public  papers  of  this  Colony,  six  days  at  least  before  the  said 
Meeting  is  appointed  to  be  holden,  for  the  purpose  of  electing 
Trustees  and  Auditors ;  and  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said 
Share-Holders,  or  the  greater  part  assembled  at  such  Meeting,  to 
elect  out  of  the  said  Share-Holders  any  number  of  Persons,  not 
exceeding  nine,  to  be  Trustees,  and  two  other  Persons  to  be  Auditors 
of  the  accounts  of  the  said  Trustees. 

XII.  Time  of  Trustees  Jiolding  Office. — And  be  it  enacted.  That 
the  Trustees  so  elected  liy  the  Share-Holders,  and  such  as  shall 
afterwards  be  elected,  upon  the  death,  resignation,  or  removal,  of 
any  Trustee  as  hereinafter-mentioned,  shall  continue  in  office  until 
the  first  Monday  in  October  next  after  the  said  Church  shall  be 
erected  and  completed ;  and  that  upon  the  said  first  Monday  in 
October,  and  yearly  afterwards  on  the  same  day,  three  of  the  said 
Trustees  shall  go  out  of  office,  and  three  other  Trustees  shall  be 
elected  instead  of  them,  by  and  out  of  the  Share-Holders  in  manner 
aforesaid,  until  the  whole  of  the  first  appointed  and  preceding 
Trustees  shall  have  been  relieved,  and  the  order  of  their  so  going 
out  of  office  shall,  if  necessary,  be  determined  by  ballot  amongst 
them. 

XIII.  Election  of  Auditors. — And  be  it  enacted,  Tliat  two  Per- 
sons not  being  Trustees,  shall  be  elected  by  and  out  of  the  Share- 
Ilolders  yearly,  on  the  Hrst  Monday  in  October,  to  be  Auditors  of 
the  Accounts  of  the  said  Trustees. 

XIV.  Committee  of  Management  to  deliver  all  liooJcs,  Papers^ 
and  Funds  to  the  Trustees. — And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  Com- 
mittee of  ^lanagcment  shall  upon  the  election  of  Trustees  as  afore- 
said, and  upon  their  accc])tance  of  the  said  office,  deliver  over  to 
the  said  Trustees  all  deeds,  books,  plans,  ])apers,  and  vouchers,  re- 
lating to  the  said  Church,  in  their  custody  or  power,  and  all  and 
any  sums  of  money,  donations,  or  subscri))tions,  given  or  subscribed 
for  the  purpose  aforesaid,  in  their  possession  and  control,  and  the  said 


Appendix  C.  ii5 

Committee  of  Management,  and  the  office  and  duties  thereof,  shall 
thereupon  cease  and  determine. 

XV.  Purposes  for  luliich  the  Trustees  shall  stand  jiossessed  of,  and 
apply  the  Chtirch  Funds. — And  be  it  enacted,  That  the  said  Trus- 
tees, and  all  others  who  shall  from  time  to  time  be  hereafter  elected 
as  Trustees,  under  any  of  the  Provisions  of  this  Ordinance,  shall, 
during  the  time  of  their  continuance  of  office,  stand  and  be  possessed 
of  all  the  said  sums  of  mone}^  donations,  and  subscriptions  (except 
such  part  thereof  as  shall  be  liable  to  be  returned  to  Subscribers 
demanding  the  same  as  aforesaid),  and  of  all  such  sums  of  money 
as  shall  at  any  time  hereafter  be  granted  to  them  from  the  Colonial 
Treasury  as  aforesaid,  or  shall  arise  from  payments  made  by  the 
Share-Holders,  in  respect  of  their  said  Shares,  or  otherwise ;  and  of 
all  such  donations  and  subscriptions,  as  shall  at  any  time  hereafter 
be  given  or  subscribed  for  the  purpose  aforesaid,  or  in  aid  of  the 
fund  of  the  said  Church ;  and  of  all  rents  and  revenues  arising 
from  the  letting  of  pews,  fees  for  placing  monuments  in  the  said 
Church,  or  in  the  enclosed  Ground  about  the  same,  or  in  the  Burial 
Ground  belonging  to  the  said  Church  as  hereinafter-mentioned,  and 
for  digging  vaults  in  the  said  Burial  Ground,  Upon  trust  in  the 
first  place,  and  until  the  said  Church  shall  be  erected  and  completed, 
to  cause  the  said  Church  to  be  erected  and  completed  according  to 
the  said  plan  and  specification  thereof :  And  from  and  after  the 
erection  and  completion  of  the  said  Church  Upon  trust  to  pay  and 
apply  the  said  sums  of  money,  donations,  subscriptions,  rents,  and 
revenues,  in  manner  following — That  is  to  say :  In  the  first  place, 
to  pay  thereovit  the  cost  of  all  necessary  repairs  and  expenses  in 
and  about  the  said  Church,  for  repairing,  keeping  up,  and  main- 
taining the  same :  secondly,  in  payment  of  the  interest,  together 
with  any  arrears  thereof,  due  to  the  several  Share-Holders,  on  the 
sums  advanced  by  them  on  their  respective  Shares,  in  an  equal  rate, 
when  and  as  the  funds  at  their  disposal  shall  enable  them  so  to  do ; 
and  lastly,  upon  trust  to  pay  and  apply  the  residue  thereof,  in  dis- 
charge of  the  loan  advanced  by  the  Share-Holders,  whenever  and 
as  often  as  the  said  residue  shall  be  sufficient  to  pay  off  a  part  of 
the  said  loan,  at  a  rate  of  not  less  than  one  pound  sterling  upon 
each  Sliare,  until  the  whole  of  the  said  loan  shall  be  paid  off  and 
discharged. 

XVI.  Power  of  Trustees  to  compel  payment  of  sums  due  to  the 
Church  Fund,  and  to  make  Contracts,  &c. — And  be  it  enacted,  That 
it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  Trustees,  to  call  in  and  compel 
payment  of  all  sums  of  money,  which  are  or  shall  be  at  any  time 
hereafter  due  and  payable  to  them,  under  and  by  virtue  of  any  of 
the  Provisions  of  this  Ordinance  ;  and  in  their  own  names  to  make 
and  enter  into,  perform  and  execute,  and  compel  the  performance 
and  execution  of  all  such  contracts  and  agreements,  matters  and 

1  2 


Ii6  Appendix  C. 

things,  as  they  shall  from  time  to  time  deem  necessary  for  erecting 
and  completing  the  said  Church  as  aforesaid. 

XVII.  Actions  hy  Trustees  to  he  hrourjlit. — And  bo  it  enacted. 
That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  Trustees,  as  such,  at  all 
times  and  from  time  to  time,  as  they  shall  see  tit,  to  commence  and 
maintain  all  such  suits  and  actions  in  anj  competent  Court  in  this 
Colony,  as  they  shall  deem  necessary,  in  performance  of  the  trust 
reposed  in  them,  against  any  Share- Holder,  or  other  Person  what- 
soever ;  and  all  such  suits  and  actions  shall  and  may  be  brought  by 
them  in  the  names  of  "  1'he  Trustees  of  the  English  Church  at 
Cape  Town,"  or  "  The  Trustees  of  Church  at 
Cape  Town "  (describing  the  same  by  its  name,  after  it  shall  have 
been  named),  as  the  case  may  require,  without  specifying  the 
christian  or  surnames  of  the  Trustees ;  and  no  action  shall  abate  by 
reason  of  the  death  or  removal  or  going  out  of  office  of  any  Trustee. 

XVIII.  Actions  against  Trustees  or  Shareholders  hoiv  to  he 
hrought.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  all  suits  or  actions,  the  cause  of 
which  shall  arise  or  accrue  to  any  Person  whatsoever,  from  or  by 
reason  of  any  contract  or  agreement,  or  any  other  matter  or  thing, 
made  or  entered  into,  done  or  performed,  by  the  said  Trustees,  in 
the  execution  of  the  said  Trust,  or  which  shall  arise  or  accrue  to 
any  Person  whatsoever,  against  the  said  Share-Holders  jointly, 
shall  be  brought  by  such  Persons  against  the  said  Trustees,  in 
manner  and  in  the  names  aforesaid,  and  not  against  any  individual 
Share-Holder  or  Share-Holders. 

XIX.  Foiuer  of  the  Trustees  to  call  upon  the  Shareholders  for 
Payments. — And  be  it  enacted.  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful 
for  the  Trustees,  from  time  to  time,  to  call  upon  the  Share-Holders 
li»r  such  payments,  in  resjjcct  of  their  said  Shares,  as  together  with 
tlie  donations  and  sum  of  money  to  be  granted  from  the  Colonial 
Treasury  as  aforesaid,  they  may  deem  necessary  for  carrying  on  the 
building,  and  comjileting  the  said  Church  as  aforesaid ;  provided, 
however,  that  no  such  call  shall  at  any  one  time  exceed  one-fifth 
part  of  the  amount  of  the  said  Shares,  and  that  the  whole  of  such 
calls  shall  not,  except  in  the  case  hereinafter  provided  for,  exceed 
the  amount  of  £25,  in  respect  of  each  Share ;  Provided  always,  and 
be  it  further  enacted.  That  if  the  expense  of  building  and  com- 
pleting the  Church  according  to  the  said  ])lan  and  specification, 
should  exceed  the  sum  of  £12,070,  then  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful 
for  the  Trustees  to  make  a  further  call  on  each  Share-Holder  for  a 
proportional  part  of  the  said  deficiency;  such  last-mentioned  call, 
however,  in  no  case  to  exceed  the  sum  of  £5  sterling  in  respect  of 
each  Share. 

XX.  Calls  to  he  Advertised  hy  the  Trustees. — And  be  it  enacted, 
That  the  Trustees  shall  cause  all  calls  made  by  them  to  be  adver- 
tised in  the  public  newspapers  of  this  Colony,  together  with  the 


Appendix  C.  117 

time  and  place  appointed  by  them  for  payment  thereof,  fourteen 
days  at  least  before  the  said  time. 

XXI.  Shares  of  Shareholders  neglecting  to  pay  calls  may  he 
forfeited  and  disjposed  of  to  other  Persons  by  the  Trustees. — And  be 

it  enacted,  That  if  any  Share-Holder  shall  neglect  or  refuse  to  pay 
at  the  time  and  place  appointed  for  that  purpose,  his  proportion  of 
any  lawful  call  made  by  the  Trustees  upon  the  Share-Holders  as 
aforesaid,  and  the  same  shall  be  in  arrear  for  the  space  of  fourteen 
days  next  after  the  said  day  appointed  for  payment,  it  shall  and 
may  be  lawful  for  the  said  Trustees,  if  they  shall  think  fit,  to 
declare  and  pronounce  the  Share  or  Shares  of  such  Share-Holders  to 
be  forfeited,  and  the  same  shall  thereupon  be  forfeited  accordingly ; 
— and  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said  Trustees  to  dispose  of 
such  forfeited  Share  or  Shares  to  any  Person  who  may  be  desirous 
of  possessing  the  ^same ;  provided,  however,  that  nothing  herein 
contained  shall  extend  or  be  construed  to  prevent  the  said  Trustees 
from  bringing  and  maintaining  their  action  against  any  Share- 
Holder  refusing  or  neglecting  to  pay  as  aforesaid,  if  they  shall  think 
fit  so  to  do,  instead  of  declaring  and  pronouncing  his  Share  or  Shares 
to  be  forfeited  as  aforesaid. 

XXII.  Accounts  of  Trustees,  how  to  he  kept  and  inspected. — And 
be  it  enacted.  That  the  Trustees  shall  keep  an  account,  wherein 
they  shall  enter  all  money  received  and  paid  by  them  under  and  by 
virtue  of  the  Provisions  of  this  Ordinance,  which  account  the 
Auditors,  or  either  of  them,  may  inspect  at  all  reasonable  times ; 
and  the  said  account,  together  with  any  report  of  the  Auditors,  or 
either  of  them  thereon,  shall  be  laid  before  the  Share-Holders  for 
their  inspection  at  the  General  Annual  Meetings,  and  the  said 
accounts  shall  be  thereupon  published  in  one  of  the  public  news- 
papers of  this  Colony. 

XXIII.  Trustees  to  pay  all  Sums  exceeding  £20  into  the  Banh. — 
And  be  it  enacted.  That  the  Trustees  shall,  as  soon  as  they  shall 
receive  any  sum  of  money  exceeding  £20,  open  an  account  with  the 
Government  Discount  Bank  in  this  Colony,  in  the  names  of  the 
Trustees  ;  and  such  sum,  and  every  other  sum  exceeding  £20,  so 
received  by  them,  shall  be  forthwith  paid  into  the  said  Bank,  to  be 
l)laced  to  tlie  credit  of  such  account ;  and  all  checks  or  orders  for 
payment  of  any  such  money  out  of  the  said  Bank,  shall  truly 
express  the  cause  of  such  payment,  and  the  name  of  the  Person  in 
whose  favor  it  is  drawn,  and  shall  be  signed  by  all  the  Trustees,  or 
by  two  of  them  for  themselves  and  Co-Trustees. 

XXIV.  Penalty  on  Trustee  improperly  retaining  or  em2)loying 
Church  Money,  or  permitting  a  Co-Trustee,  &c. — And  be  it  enacted, 
That  any  Trustee  who  shall  retain  in  his  hands,  or  knowingly 
permit  any  Co-Trustee  so  to  retain,  any  sum  of  money  exceeding 
£20,  part  of  the  Church  Fund,  longer  than  until  the  first  day  after 
his  receiving  the  same,  upon  which  it  shall  be  possible  for  him  to 


Ii8  Appendix  C. 

pay  the  said  sum,  or  cause  it  to  be  paid  into  the  said  Bank ;  or  shall 
employ  for  his  own  benefit,  or  knowingly  pemiit  any  Co-Trustee  so 
to  employ,  any  sum  of  money,  part  of  the  Church  Fund,  shall  and 
may  be  removeable  by  the  said  Share-Holders  from  his  said  office, 
and  shall  moreover  forfeit  and  pay,  for  the  benefit  of  the  Church 
Fund,  double  the  amount  of  the  sum  so  retained  or  employed,  and 
which  shall  and  may  be  recovered  by  the  other  Trustees  by  action 
in  any  competent  Court. 

XXV.  On  the  comjyJetioyi  of  the  Church,  Trustees  Accounts  to  he 
wound  vj),  and  no  /mother  calls  to  he  made. — And  be  it  enacted. 
That  as  soon  as  the  said  Church  shall  be  erected  and  completed  as 
aforesaid,  the  accounts  of  the  said  Trustees  shall  thereupon  be  finally 
wound  up  and  audited,  and  laid  before  the  Share-Holders  for  their 
inspection ;  and  no  further  call  shall  be  afterwards  made  upon  the 
Share-Holders,  in  respect  of  their  Shares. 

XXVI.  Death,  resignation,  or  removal  of  Trustees. — And  be 
it  enacted.  That  in  case  any  Trustee  shall  die,  or  desire  to  resign 
his  said  office,  or  shall  be  removed  as  aforesaid,  the  surviving  or 
other  Trustees  shall  forthwith  call  a  IMeeting  of  the  Share-Holders, 
for  the  purpose  of  electing  a  new  Trustee  in  the  jilace  of  the  one  so 
dying  or  desiring  to  resign,  or  being  removed  as  aforesaid  ;  and  the 
same  notice  shall  be  given  of  the  time  and  place  of  the  said  Meeting, 
and  the  same  proceedings  shall  be  observed  thereat,  as  upon  the 
original  election  of  Trustees  ;  provided,  however,  that  no  Trustee 
shall  bo  permitted  to  resign  his  office,  until  he  shall  have  duly 
accounted  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Share-Holders,  for  all  sums  of 
money  at  any  time  received  by  him. 

Of  the  Vestry  and  Ciiurch-AVardens. 

XXVII.  Vestry  luhen  and  hov)  formed  nntll  the  Loan  ixild  off. — 
And  be  it  enacted,  That  as  soon  as  the  said  Church  shall  be  erected 
and  completed  as  aforesaid,  the  Trustees  shall  take  over  and  enter 
upon  the  same ;  and  the  care  and  government  of  the  said  Church 

■  shall  thenceforward,  and  until  the  said  loan  shall  have  been  wholly 
paid  off  in  manner  licrein-before  provided,  together  with  the  interest 
thereon  as  aforesaid,  be  committed  to  a  Vestry,  consisting  of  the 
officiating  Minister  for  the  time  being,  and  the  Trustees  elected  by 
the  Share-Holders  in  manner  aforesaid  ;  and  the  said  Minister  shall, 
when  he  is  present,  preside  at  the  said  Vestry,  and  when  he  is 
absent,  then  one  of  the  Trustees  elected  by  them,  and  in  case  of  an 
equality  of  votes  at  any  meeting  of  sucli  Vestry,  the  President 
shall  have  a  casting  vote. 

XXVIII.-/>?^/.y  of  the  T'e.sAry.— And  be  it  enacted,  That  the 
duty  of  the  said  Vestry  shall  be  to  provide  the  said  Church  with 
necessary  and  customary  furniture  for  the  performance  of  Divine 
Worshij),  and  the  use  of  the  officiating  Minister  therein;  and  to 
keci^  the  same  clean  and  in  proper  repair. 


Appendix  C.  119 

XXIX.  Church-Wardens  lulien  and  hoiv  to  he  chosen. — And  be  it 
enacted,  That  there  shall  be  two  Church- Wardens  chosen  yearly,  on 
the  first  Monday  in  October,  by  the  Vestry  from  their  own  number, 
who  shall  perform  and  execute  all  lawful  acts,  matters,  and  things 
necessary  for  the  good  order  and  decency  of  behaviour  to  be  kept  and 
observed  in  the  said  Cliurch  by  the  congregation  thereof,  and  for 
preserving  to  all  Persons  their  rights  in  the  said  pews  and  sittings. 

Of  Choosing  and  Eenting  Pews. 

XXX.  Pews  for  Governor,  Minister,  and  Church-Wardens,  free 
Seats  to  be  set  ajmrt. — And  be  it  enacted.  That  before  any  choice  of 
pews  by  the  Share-Holders  shall  take  place,  there  shall  be  set  apart 
and  allotted  by  the  Vestry  a  pew  sufficient  to  hold  ten  persons  at 
least,  for  the  use  of  His  Excellencj^  the  Governor  of  this  Colony ; 
another  pew  sufficient  to  hold  six  persons  for  the  Minister ;  and  a 
third  sufticient  to  hold  four  persons  for  the  Church- Wardens ;  and 
there  shall  be  also  set  apart  in  some  convenient  part  of  the  said 
Church,  300  free  seats  at  the  least  for  the  use  of  poor  Persons. 

XXXI.  Choice  of  Feivs  hy  Share-Holders,  ctnd  rent  thereof. — 
And  be  it  enacted,  That  as  soon  as  may  be  after  the  erection  and 
completion  of  the  said  Church,  the  Trustees  shall  call  together  the 
Share-Holders  of  each  class,  according  to  their  number  of  Shares, 
for  the  purpose  of  exercising  their  rights  in  the  choice  of  pews ;  and 
the  rents  of  all  such  pews  as  shall  be  chosen  by  Share-Holders, 
shall  be  fixed  according  to  the  number  of  sittings  at  which  such 
pews  respectively  shall  be  rated,  at  15s.  yearly  for  each  sitting,  and 
no  more. 

XXXII.  Notice  to  he  given  of  vacant  Peius. — And  be  it  enacted. 
That  after  the  Share-Holders  shall  have  chosen  their  pews,  in 
manner  provided  for  that  piurpose,  the  Trustees  shall  give  notice  of 
all  the  pews  and  seats  which  are  then  vacant,  by  affixing  the  same 
in  writing  upon  the  door  of  the  said  Church,  and  otherwise  as  they 
shall  see  tit ;  and  the  said  Trustees  shall  give  the  like  notice  for  six 
successive  weeks,  at  the  end  of  each  year,  of  all  the  pews  which  are 
vacant,  or  will  become  vacant,  at  the  commencement  of  the  next 
year. 

XXXIII.  SjKcre  Feius  how  rented,  and  rights  of  holders  of  such 
Pews. — And  be  ii  enacted,  That  all  the  pews  and  seats  in  the  said 
Church,  except  the  ]iews  set  apart  for  His  Excellency  the  Governor, 
the  Minister  and  Church- Wardens,  and  the  said  free  seats,  and  the 
pews  chosen  by  Share-Holders,  shall  and  may  be  let  by  the  said 
Trustees  by  the  year,  or  for  any  shorter  period,  to  any  Person 
desiring  to  take  the  same,  at  a  rent  to  be  affixed  to  the  same  respec- 
tively, by  the  Vestry,  and  payable  at  such  time  and  in  such  manner, 
as  shall  be  a]ipointed  by  the  Trustees  :  and  the  Holder  of  any  pew 
so  rented,  shall  and  may  possess  and  occupy  the  same  by  himself, 
or  his  Assigns,  without  any  hindrance  or  disturbance  by  any  person 
whatsoever,  until  the  end  of  the  said  term;  provided  he  shall  con- 


120  Appendix  C. 

tinue  to  pay  the  rent  affixed  to  the  same,  at  the  times  whereon  and 
in  the  manner  in  which  the  same  shall  be  made  payable. 

XXXIV.  Remedy  of  the  Trustees,  if  Few  rents  in  arrear  for  28 
days. — And  be  it  enacted,  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the 
Trustees,  whenever  and  as  often  as  it  shall  happen  that  the  rent  of 
any  pew  is  in  arrear  and  unpaid  for  the  space  of  twenty-eight  days 
after  the  same  is  due  and  payable,  to  give  notice  to  the  Possessor  of 
such  pew  forthwith  to  quit  and  give  up  the  possession  thereof;  and 
thereupon  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said  Trustees  to  re- 
enter into  the  possession  of  the  said  pew  for  the  purpose  of  this 
Ordinance,  without  any  other  form  or  proceeding  whatever; — and 
no  Person  having  been  so  dispossessed  of  his  pew  for  non-payment 
of  rent,  shall  be  entitled  afterwards  to  any  priority  in  the  choice  of 
a  pew ;  provided,  however,  that  nothing  herein  contained  shall 
extend  or  be  construed  to  deprive  the  Trustees  from  recovering  the 
amount  of  such  rent  in  arrear  by  action  as  aforesaid,  in  any  com- 
petent Court. 

Of  Burials,  Monuments,  and  Vaults. 

XXXV.  No  Burials  to  take  place  luithin  the  Church  or  Church- 
yard.— And  be  it  enacted,  That  no  burials  shall  take  place  within 
or  under  the  said  Church,  or  any  part  of  the  enclosed  Ground  about 
the  same;  but  the  burials  of  all  Persons,  according  to  the  rites  and 
ceremonies  of  the  Church  of  England,  shall  take  place  in  the  Burial 
Ground  consecrated  and  allotted,  or  Avliich  may  hereafter  be  conse- 
crated nnd  allotted,  to  the  said  Church  for  that  ]->urpose. 

XXXVI.^  Monuments,  and  Vaults,  and  Fees  on  erecting  or 
mahiny. — And  l)e  it  enacted,  Tliat  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for 
the  officiating  Minister  and  Church-Wardens  for  the  time  being,  to 
permit  any  monuments  to  be  erected  or  placed  in  such  convenient 
parts  of  the  said  Church,  or  of  the  enclosed  Ground  about  the  same, 
or  in  the  Burial  Ground  belonging  thereto ;  or  vaults  to  be  dug  and 
made  in  the  said  Burial  Ground,  upon  the  i)ayment  to  the  Fund  of 
the  said  Church  for  such  permission  by  the  Person  or  Persons  de- 
siring to  erect  and  jjlace  any  monument  in  the  said  Church,  or 
enclosed  Ground  about  the  same,  or  in  the  said  Burial  Ground,  or  to 
dig  and  make  any  vault  in  the  said  Ikiriai  Ground,  of  such  a 
reasonable  fee,  as  shall  be  affixed  by  the  said  Vestry,  for  such  per- 
mission, according  to  the  terms  and  extent  thereof. 

XXX VII.  Jiiyhts  of  the  owner  of  any  Monument  or  Vault. — 
And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  any 
Person  or  Persons  erecting  or  i)lacing  any  monument  in  the  said 
Church,  or  enclosed  Ground  about  the  same,  or  in  the  said  Burial 
Ground,  or  digging  and  making  any  vault  in  the  said  liurial  Ground 
by  and  with  such  permission  as  aforesaid  to  have,  maintain,  and 
keep  up  such  monument  or  vault,  according  to  the  terms  of  such 
permission  to  and  for  the  sole  and  sei)arate  use  of  the  said  Person 
or  Persons,  and  his  or  their  Heirs  for  ever. 


Appendix  C.  121 

Of   the    YeSTRY   to   be    ArPOINTED   AT   THE    TERMINATION   OF 

THE  Trust. 

XXXVIII.  Office  of  the  Trustees  when  to  cease,  and  Election  of 
New  Vestry. — And  be  it  enacted,  That  on  the  first  Monday  in  the 
month  of  October  next  after  the  whole  of  the  said  loan  and  the 
interest  thereon  shall  have  been  paid  off  and  discharged  as  aforesaid, 
the  office  of  the  Trustees  and  Auditors  shall  thereupon  cease  and 
determine — and  in  the  place  of  the  said  Trustees,  there  shall  be 
elected  on  the  said  first  Monday  in  October,  and  yearly  afterwards 
on  the  same  day,  by  and  out  of  the  resident  Inhabitants  of  Cape 
Town,  being  Members  of  and  holding  Communion  with  the  United 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland  as  by  law  established,  a  like  num- 
ber of  Persons  who  shall,  together  with  the  officiating  Minister  for 
the  time  being,  form  a  Vestry  for  the  future  care  and  government 
of  the  said  Church,  and  a  like  number  of  other  Persons,  to  be 
Auditors  of  the  accounts  of  the  said  Vestry ;  and  the  Trustees  last 
in  office  as  aforesaid,  shall  upon  the  last-mentioned  Vestry  entering 
upon  their  said  office,  surrender  and  give  up  to  the  said  last-men- 
tioned Vestry  all  documents,  books,  plans,  papers,  and  vouchers, 
relating  to  the  said  Church,  and  the  administration  of  the  funds 
thereof,  and  all  sums  of  money  in  their  custody,  possession,  or 
control,  arising  from  and  belonging  to  the  Church  Fund. 

XXXIX.  Powers  and  Duties  of  the  new  Vestry — And  be  it 
enacted,  That  the  said  Vestry  so  from  time  to  time  constituted  and 
elected  by  such  Inhabitant  Householders  as  aforesaid,  shall  and  may 
have  and  exercise  all  the  same  powers,  rights,  and  duties  respecting 
the  said  Church,  and  the  care  and  government  thereof,  and  the 
administration  of  the  funds,  rents,  and  revenues  thereof,  and  all 
other  matters  and  things  relating  to  the  same  as  shall  and  may  be 
exercised  by  the  Trustees  and  Vestry,  or  either  of  them  constituted 
and  elected  by  such  Share-Holders  as  aforesaid,  under  and  by  virtue 
of  any  of  the  Provisions  of  this  Ordinance,  in  so  far  as  the  said 
powers,  rights,  and  duties,  shall  be  applicable  to  the  then  existing 
circumstances  of  the  said  Church. 

XL.  And  be  it  enacted,  That  this  Ordinance  shall  be  deemed  and 
taken  to  be  a  Public  Ordinance,  and  shall  be  judiciously  taken 
notice  of  as  such,  by  all  Judges,  Magistrates,  and  others,  without 
being  specially  pleaded. 

God  SAVE  the  King  ! 
Given  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  this  1st  day  of  September,  1829. 
By  Command  of  His  Excellency  the  Governor, 
(Signed)  JOHX  BELL, 

Secretary  to  Government. 

By  Order  of  the  Council, 

(Signed)  K.  P>.  HAMILTON, 

Clerk  of  the  Council. 


(      122      ) 


APPENDIX  D. 

The  Memorial  of  the  Clergy  axd  Laymen  of  the  Unitei> 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  resident  in  the 
Eastern  Province  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  to  the 
Committee  of  the  Colonial  Bishops'  Fund. 

Humbly  Sheweth, — That  the  Colony  of  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  which  has  been  annexed  to  the  British  dominions  since  the 
year  1806,  contains,  as  appears  from  official  returns,  about  110,000 
square  miles,  and  100,000  inhabitants  ;  that  of  this  nmnber  about 
two-thirds  reside  in  the  Western  Province,  and  the  rest  in  the 
Eastern  Division.  That  in  the  Eastern  Province  about  one-half  of 
the  inhabitants  are  European,  and  the  other  half  natives  of  the 
different  tribes.  That  there  are  in  the  Western  Province  about 
G,G00  persons  belonging  to  the  Church  of  England,  while  in  the 
Eastern  they  are  computed  at  3,400,  making  altogether  10,000  souls. 
That  there  are  at  present  six  clergymen  employed,  and  six  churches 
in  the  Western  Division,  while  five  clergymen  and  two  catechists 
are  employed  in  the  Eastern  Province,  where  there  are  five  places 
of  worship  already  completed,  and  three  others  in  contemplation. 
'Jliat  though  the  members  of  tlic  Church  of  England  resident  in 
Cape  Town  and  its  immediate  vicinit}'  have  occasionally  enjoyed 
Episcopal  visitation  and  confirmation  from  bishops  proceeding  to  the 
eastward,  yet  the  other  parts  of  this  extensive  countr}',  including 
the  Eastern  Province,  in  which  a  large  number  of  British  emigrants 
were  settled  in  1820,  have  never  enjoyed  any  of  these  advantages  ; 
so  that  in  this  respect  the  Church  of  England  has  l)een  left  in  a 
much  worse  position  than  anj'-  other  denomination  of  Christians  in 
the  Colony ;  for,  while  the  Dutch  lleformed  Church  has  its  Pres- 
byters and  Synods,  the  Wesieyans,  and  even  the  Indejiendents, 
their  Missionary  Superintendents,  and  the  Poman  Catholics  tlieii- 
Vicars  Apostolic,  the  Church  of  England  is  still  without  the  means 
of  carrying  out  her  own  rules  and  discipline,  or  any  bond  of  union 
to  connect  and  combine  her  efforts;  without  any  spiritual  authority 
to  which  her  ministers  or  m(!mbers  may  refer  in  cases  of  difficulty 
or  irregularity,  or  any  ])ro])er  channel  of  correspondence  with  the 
Home  or  Colonial  Government ;  since,  in  a  word,  without  taking 
into  account  the  Mauritius  or  St.  Helena,  which  might  conveniently 
be  annexed  to  the  See  of  the  ('ape,  there  are  in  tliis  Colony  alone 
10,000  souls  belonging  to  the  Church  of  England,  eleven  clergymen 
already  employed,  together  with  two  catechists,  eleven  churches  or 
chapels  occupie<l,  and  several  others  in  contemplation  ;  therefore  on 
these  grounds  your  memorialists  do  humbly  pray  that  you  would 
be  pleased  to  use  your  influence  in  ])rocuring  the  early  appointment 
of  a  I'ishop  for  the  Ca])e  of  Good  Ilo])e. 

And  your  memorialibts,  as  in  duty  bound,  will  ever  pray,  ^c. 


APPENDIX  E. 

Letters  Patent  of  1847. 

Victoria,  by  tlie  Grace  of  God  of  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great 
Britain  and  Ireland,  Queen,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  to  all  whom  tliese 
Presents  shall  come  —  Greeting.  Whereas  the  doctrine  and 
discipline  of  the  United  Chm-ch  of  England  and  Ireland  are  pro- 
fessed and  observed  by  manj^  of  our  loving  subjects  resident  in  our 
colony  or  settlement  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hojie,  and  in  our  island  of 
St.  Helena,  and  our  aforesaid  subjects  are  deprived  of  some  of  the 
offices  prescribed  by  the  liturgy  and  usage  of  the  Church  aforesaid, 
by  reason  that  there  is  not  a  bishop  residing  and  exercising  jurisdic- 
tion and  canonical  functions  within  the  same.  And  whereas,  for 
remedy  of  the  aforesaid  inconveniences  and  defects,  it  is  our  ro5'-al 
intention  to  erect  the  said  colony  or  settlement  and  island  into  a 
Bishop's  See  or  Diocese.  Now,  know  ye,  that  in  pursuance  of  such 
our  royal  determination,  we  do  by  these  our  Letters  Patent,  under 
the  Great  Seal  of  our  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland, 
erect,  ordain,  and  constitute  our  said  colony  or  settlement  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  with  its  dependencies,  and  our  said  island  of  St. 
Helena,  to  be  a  Bishop's  See  and  Diocese,  and  do  declare  and  ordain, 
that  the  same  shall  be  called  the  Bishopric  of  Capetown. 

And  to  the  end  that  this  our  intention  may  be  carried  into  due 
effect,  we  having  great  confidence  in  the  learning,  morals,  probity, 
and  prudence  of  our  well-beloved  Ptobert  Gray,  Doctor  of  Divinity, 
do  name  and  appoint  him  to  be  ordained  and  consecrated  Bishop  of 
the  said  See  of  Cn]ietown :  and  we  do  hereby  signify  to  the  most 
reverend  Father  in  God,  William,  by  Divine  Providence  Lord  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  Prhnate  of  all  England,  and  Metropolitan,  the 
erection  and  constitution  of  the  said  see  and  diocese,  and  our  nomi- 
nation of  the  said  Robert  Gray.  Requiring,  and,  by  the  faith  and 
love  whereby  he  is  bound  unto  us,  commanding  the  said  most 
reverend  Father  in  God  t(j  ordain  and  consecrate  the  said  Ilobert 
Gray  to  be  Bishop  of  the  said  see  or  diocese  in  manner  accustomed, 
and  diligently  to  do  and  perform  all  other  things  appertaining  to  his 
office  in  this  behalf,  with  effect.  And  we  do  ordain  and  declare,  that 
the  said  Piobert  Gray,  so  by  us  nominated  and  a]^pointod,  after 
having  been  ordained  and  consecrated  thereunto  as  aforesaid,  may, 
by  virtue  of  such  ap[)ointment  and  consecration,  enter  into  and 
possess  the  said  l)isho])'s  see,  as  Bishop  thereof,  without  let  or  im- 
l^ediment  from  us,  our  heirs  or  successors,  for  the  term  of  his  natural 


124  Appendix  E, 

life,  subject  nevertheless  to  the  right  of  resignation  hereinafter  more 
particularly  expressed. 

Moreover,  we  will  and  grant  by  these  presents,  that  the  Bishop  of 
Capetown  shall  be  a  body  corporate,  and  do  ordain,  make,  and  con- 
stitute him  to  be  a  perj^etual  corporation,  and  to  have  perpetual 
succession,  and  that  he  and  his  successors  be  for  ever  hereafter 
called  or  knoAvu  by  the  title  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  Capetown,  and 
that  he  and  his  successors  by  the  name  or  title  aforesaid  shall  be 
able  and  capable  in  the  law,  and  have  full  power  to  purchase,  have, 
take,  hold,  and  enjoy  manors,  messuages,  lands,  rents,  tenements, 
annuities,  and  hereditaments  of  what  nature  or  kind  soever,  in  fee 
and  in  per])etuity,  or  for  a  term  of  life  or  years,  and  also  all  manner 
of  goods,  chattels,  and  things  personal  whatsoever,  of  what  nature 
or  value  soever ;  and  that  he  and  his  successors,  by  and  under  the 
said  name  and  title,  may  prosecute,  claim,  plead  and  be  impleaded, 
defend  and  be  defended,  answer  and  be  answered,  in  all  manner  of 
courts  of  us,  our  heirs  and  successors,  and  elsewhere,  in  and  upon  all 
and  singular  causes,  actions,  suits,  writs,  and  demands,  real  and 
personal  and  mixed,  as  well  spiritual  as  temjjoral,  and  in  all  other 
things,  causes,  and  matters  whatsoever ;  and  that  the  said  Bishop 
of  Capetown,  and  his  successors,  shall  and  may  for  ever  hereafter 
have  and  use  a  corporate  seal,  and  the  said  seal,  from  time  to  time, 
at  his  and  their  will  and  jileasure,  brake,  change,  alter,  or  make 
anew,  as  he  or  they  shall  deem  expedient.  And  we  do  further  by 
these  presents  ordain  and  constitute  the  town  of  Capetown,  witliiu 
the  said  colony  or  settlement  of  the  Cape  of  Good  IJopc,  to  be  a 
Bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  the  said  Bishop.  And  we  do  ordain 
that  the  said  town  of  Capetown  shall  henceforth  be  a  city,  and  be 
called  the  City  of  Capetown. 

And  we  do  hereby  further  ordain  and  declare  that  the  Church 
called  St.  George,  in  the  said  City  of  CapetoAvn,  shall  henceforth  lie 
the  Cathedral  Church  and  Sec  of  the  said  Robert  Gray,  and  his 
successors,  Bishops  of  Capetown; 

But,  nevertheless,  that  it  shall  and  may  be  lawful  for  the  said 
Bishop  and  his  successors,  by  any  writing  or  writings  under  his  or 
tlieir  hand  and  episcopal  seal,  to  make  and  constitute  any  other 
church  now  erected,  or  hereafter  to  be  erected,  within  the  said  city, 
or  the  liberties  thereof,  to  be  the  Cathedral  Church  and  See  of  the 
said  Bishop  and  his  successors,  in  the  place  and  stead  of  the  Church 
of  Saint  George  af(jresaid. 

And  we  do  further  ordam  and  declare  that  the  said  Bishop  of 
Capetown  and  his  successors  shall  be  subject  and  subordinate  to  the 
Metro})olitical  See  of  Canterl)ury,  and  to  the  Arclibishops  thereof  in 
the  same  manner  as  any  Bisho])  of  any  See  within  the  ])roviuce  of 
Canterbury,  in  our  Kingdom  of  England,  is  under  the  same  Metro- 
political  See  and  the  Archbishops  thereof. 

And  we  (l<j  further  will  and  ordain  that  every  Bishop  of  Capetown 


Appendix  E.  125 

shall  take  an  oath  of  due  obedience  to  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury 
for  the  time  being,  as  his  Metropolitan,  which  oath  shall  be 
ministered  by  the  said  Archbishop,  or  by  any  person  by  him  duly 
authorised  and  appointed  for  that  purpose. 

And  we  do  further  by  these  presents,  expressly  declare  that  the 
said  Bishop  of  Capetown  and  his  successors,  having  been  respectively 
by  us,  our  heirs,  and  successors,  named  and  appointed,  and  by  the 
said  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  for  the  time  being  canonically 
ordained  and  consecrated,  according  to  the  form  of  the  United 
Church  of  England  and  Ireland,  may  perform  all  the  functions 
peculiar  and  appropriate  to  the  office  of  Bishop  within  the  said 
Diocese  of  Capeto\vn. 

And  for  a  declaration  of  the  spiritual  causes  and  matters  in  which 
the  aforesaid  jurisdiction  may  be  more  specially  exercised,  we  do  by 
these  presents  further  declare  that  the  aforesaid  Bishop  of  Cape- 
town, and  his  successors,  may  exercise  and  enjoy  full  power  and 
authority,  by  himself  or  themselves,  or  by  the  Archdeacon  or 
Archdeacons,  or  the  Vicar-General,  or  other  officer  or  officers  herein- 
after mentioned,  to  give  institution  to  benejEices,  to  grant  licences  to 
officiate  to  all  Eectors,  Curates,  Ministers,  and  Chaplains  of  all  the 
Churches  or  Chapels,  or  other  places  within  the  said  Diocese,  wherein 
Divine  Service  shall  be  celebrated  according  to  the  rites  and  liturgy 
of  the  Church  of  England,  and  to  visit  all  Sectors,  Curates, 
Ministers,  and  Chaplains,  and  all  Priests  and  Deacons  in  holy  orders 
of  the  United  Church  of  England  and  Ireland  resident  within  the 
said  Diocese ;  and  also  to  call  before  him  or  them,  or  before  the 
Archdeacon  or  Archdeacons,  or  the  Vicar-General,  or  other  officer 
or  officers  hereinafter  mentioned,  at  such  competent  days,  hours, 
and  places,  when  and  so  often  as  to  him  or  them  shall  seem  meet 
and  convenient,  the  abovesaid  Rectors,  Curates,  Ministers,  Chaplains, 
Priests,  and  Deacons,  or  any  of  them,  and  to  inquire  as  well  con- 
cerning their  morals  as  their  behaviour  in  their  said  offices  and 
stations  respectively, — subject,  nevertheless,  to  such  rights  of  review 
and  appeal  as  are  hereinafter  given  and  reserved:  And  for  the 
better  accomplishment  of  the  purposes  aforesaid,  we  do  hereby  grant 
and  declare  that  the  said  Bishop  of  Capetown,  and  his  successors, 
may  found  and  constitute  one  or  more  Dignities  in  his  Cathedral 
Church,  and  also  one  or  more  Archdeaconries  within  the  said 
Diocese,  and  may  collate  fit  and  proper  persons  to  be  Dignitaries  of 
the  said  Cathedral  Church,  and  one  or  more  fit  and  proper  persons 
to  be  the  Archdeacons  of  the  said  Archdeaconries  respectively. 

Provided  alway-s  that  such  Dignitaries  and  Archdeacons  shall 
exercise  such  jurisdiction  only  as  shall  be  committed  to  them  by 
the  said  Bishop,  or  his  successors ;  and  the  said  Bishop,  and  his 
successors,  may  also  from  time  to  time  nominate  and  appoint  fit  and 
proper  persons  to  be  respectively  the  officei's  hereinafter  mentioned, 
that  is  to   say,  to  be  Vicar-General,  Official  Principal,  Chancellor, 


126  Appendix  E. 

Rural  Deans,  and  Commissaries,  either  general  or  special,  and  may 
also  appoint  one  or  more  fit  and  proper  persons  to  be  Registrars  and 
Actuaries. 

Provided  always,  that  the  Dignitaries  and  Archdeacons  aforesaid 
shall  be  subject  and  subordinate  to  the  said  Bishop  of  Cax^etown, 
and  Ills  successors,  and  shall  be  assisting  to  him  and  them  in  the 
exercise  of  liis  and  their  episcopal  jurisdiction  and  functions :  And 
we  will  and  declare  that  during  a  vacancy  of  the  said  See  of  Cape- 
town by  the  demise  of  the  Bishop  thereof,  or  otherwise,  the  said 
Dignitaries  and  Archdeacons,  and  the  said  Vicar-General  and  other 
officers  respectively  ap])ointed  as  af)resaid,  shall  continue  to 
exercise,  so  far  as  by  law  they  may  or  can,  the  jurisdiction  and 
functions  delegated  to  them,  and  that  the  said  Registrars  and 
Actuaries  shall  respective!}^  continue  to  discharge  the  duties  Avhere- 
imto  they  have  been  appointed,  until  a  new  Bishop  of  the  said  See 
of  Capetown  shall  have  been  nominated  anc]^  consecrated,  and  his 
arrival  within  the  limits  of  the  said  Diocese  shall  have  been  notified 
to  the  said  parties  respectively. 

And  we  further  will  and  do  by  these  presents  declare  and  ordain 
that  it  shall  be  lawful  for  any  party  against  whom  any  judgment, 
decree,  or  sentence  shall  be  pronounced  by  any  of  the  said  Arch- 
deacons, or  by  the  Vicar-General,  or  other  officer  or  officers  of  the 
Kaid  Bishop  or  his  successor,  to  demand  a  re- examination  and  review 
of  such  judgment,  decree,  or  sentence,  before  the  Bishop,  or  his 
successors,  in  person,  who  upon  such  demand  made,  shall  take 
cognizance  thereof  and  shall  have  full  power  and  authority  to  aftinn, 
reverse,  or  alter  the  said  judgment,  sentence,  or  decree. 

And  if  any  party  shall  conceive  himself  aggrieved  by  any  judg- 
ment, decree,  or  sentence,  pronounced  by  the  said  Bishop  of  Cai)e- 
to\vn,  or  his  successors,  either  in  case  of  such  review  or  in  any 
cause  originally  instituted  before  the  said  Bisho]"),  or  his  successors, 
it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  said  party  to  appeal  to  the  said  Lord  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  or  his  successors,  who  shall  finally  decide  and 
determine  the  said  appeal. 

Provided  always,  that  in  any  such  case  of  appeal  or  revie^\', 
notice  of  the  intention  of  the  party  to  make  such  appeal,  or  demand 
such  review,  shall  be  given  to  the  Bishop  or  subordinate  judge  by 
Avhom  the  sentence  appealed  from,  or  to  be  reviewed,  shall  have  been 
])ronounced,  within  fifteen  days  fiT>m  the  promulgation  thereof. 

And  we  do  further  will,  and  by  these  presents  ordain  that,  in  all 
cases  in  which  an  appeal  shall  be  made  or  review  demanded  as 
aforesaid,  a  copy  of  the  judgment  or  sentence  in  such  case  pronud- 
gated  or  given,  setting  forth  the  causes  thereof,  together  with  a  co])v 
of  the  evidence  on  which  the  same  was  founded,  shall,  without 
delay,  be  certified  and  transmitted  l>y  such  subordinate  judge  to  the 
said  Bishop  or  his  successor,  or  by  the;  said  Bishop,  or  his  successors, 
to  the  said  Lord  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  as  the  case  may  require. 


Appendix  E.  127 

Moreover  it  is  our  will  and  pleasure,  and  we  do  hereby  declare 
and  ordain,  that  nothing  in  these  presents  contained  shall  extend, 
or  be  construed  to  extend,  to  repeal,  vary,  or  alter  the  provisions  of 
any  charter  whereb}'  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  has  been  given  to  any 
court  of  judicature  within  tlie  limits  of  the  said  Diocese.  And  for 
removing  doubts  with  respect  to  the  validity  of  the  resignation  of 
the  said  office  and  dignity  of  Bishop  of  Capetown,  it  is  our  further 
will  that  if  the  said  13ishop  or  any  of  his  successors  shall,  by  instru- 
ment under  his  hand  and  seal,  delivered  and  sent  to  the  ArchbishoiJ 
of  Canterbury  for  the  time  being,  and  by  him  accepted  and 
I'egistered  in  the  Office  of  Faculties  of  the  said  Archbishop,  resign 
the  office  and  dignity  of  ]>ishop  of  Capetown,  such  Bishop  shall, 
from  the  time  of  such  acceptance  and  i-egistration,  cease  to  be 
Bishop  of  Capetown,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  but  without 
prejudice  to  any  responsibility  to  Avhich  he  may  be  liable,  in  law  or 
equity,  in  respect  of  his  conduct  in  his  said  office. 

And,  lastly,  to  the  end  that  all  things  aforesaid  may  be  firmly 
holden  and  done,  we  will  and  grant  to  the  aforesaid  Eobert  Gray, 
that  he  shall  have  our  Letters  Patent,  under  our  Great  Seal  of  our 
said  United  Kmgdom,  duly  made  and  sealed. 

In  witness  whereof,  we  have  caused  these  our  Letters  to  be  made 
Patent. 

Witness  Ourself,  at  Westminster,  the  25th  day  of  June,  in  the 
eleventh  year  of  our  reign. 

By  Writ  of  Privy  Seal, 

BATHUEST. 


(     128     ) 


APPENDIX  F. 

List  of  Clergy  stationed  at  the  Cape. 

1795  to  1847. 

Arrived — 

1795.     Eev.  J.  E.  Atwood,  E.N. 

1797.  H.  Davis.  Left  1799. 

Dr.  Dolling,  R.N. 
1799.  Thomas  Tringliam  Left  1803. 

180G,  Feb.     David  Griffiths.  Left  April,  180G. 

1807,  16th  Jan.     Robert  Jones,  B.A,,  afterwards  D.D. 

Chaplain  of  Outposts. 

Military  Chaplain. 

Colonial  Chaplain,  3rd  Oct.,  1811. 

On  leave  May,  1814-8th  March,  1816. 

Left  for  England,  Feb.,  1817. 

18o7,  Nov.     Lawrence  Halluran,  D.D.,  King's  College,  Aberdeen. 

Chaplain  to  H.M.  Military  and  Naval  Forces. 

Rector  Gymnasii,  24th  May,  1810. 

Resigned,  June,  1810. 

Banished  the  Colony,  6th  Marcli,  1811. 

Died  in  N.  S.  Wales,  8th  March,  1831. 

1811,  June.     M.  A.  Parker. 

Chaplain  to  the  Forces. 

Left  the  Cape,  Feb.,  1813. 

1813.  George  Hough,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Pembroke  Coll.,  Oxford. 

Colonial  Chajjlain  at  Simonstown,  24  Sept.,  1813. 

Colonial  Chaplain  at  Capetown,  21st  Feb.,  1817. 

On  leave  in  England,  July,  1819-June,  1821. 

Returned  to  England,  1846. 

Resigned,  1847. 

1814,  5th  April.     John  Short  Hewett,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Clare  Coll., 

Cambridge. 
Chaplain  to  Forces. 

]leturned  to  England,  1816. 

Died,  1835. 

1817,  28th  March.     N.  R.  Dennis,  M.A. 
Chaplain  to  Forces. 

Acting  Colonial  Chaplain,  1st  Oct.,  1819-1821. 
Left  the  Cape,  Dec,  1822. 


Appendix  F.  129 

1818,  3rd  August.  George  William  Milner  Sturt,  B.A. 

Acting    Colonial    Chaplain,   Capetown,    30tli 

July,  1819. 

Chaplain  at  Simonstown,        24th  Sept.,  1819. 

Died,  25th  Aug.,  1830. 

1818,  6th  Oct.     Thomas  Erskine,  M.A. 

Chaplain  at  Simonstown,        22nd  Oct.,  1818. 

Resigned,  Sept.  1819. 

Eeturned  to  England. 
1820,  Gth  March.    Henry  Collison,  M.A. 

Officiated  occasionally  till  1823. 

In  England  till  25th  March,  1824. 

Acting  Chaplain  to  Forces,   Nov.,  1824—1825. 

Returned  to  England  R.  of  Bilney,  Norfolk. 

Died,  1881,  set.  89. 
1820,  30th  April.     Francis  McClelland,  B.A.,  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin. 

Minister  at  Clanwilliam. 

Colonial   Chaplain   at    Fort   Elizabeth,    11th 

Nov.,  1843. 

Died  a3t.  61,  10th  July,  1853. 

1820,  2nd  May.     William  Boardman. 

Chaplain  at  Bathurst. 

Died,  10th  August,  1825. 

1821,  7th  March.    William  Wright,  M.A.,  1st  S.  F.  G.  Missionary, 

Trin.  Coll.,  Dubhn. 
Missionary  at  Wynberg,  22nd  July. 

Chaplain  at  Bathurst,  10th  Jan.,  1828. 

Eeturned  to  England,  1830. 

1821,  12th  Aug.     Fearon    Fallows,    M.A.,     F.R.S.,     Astronomer 
Royal. 
Acting  Cha[)lain  of  the  Forces,  1823. 

Died  at  Capetown,  ret.  43,      25tli  July,  1831. 
1823,  10th  Feb.     William  Geary. 

Military  and  Civil  Chaplain  at  Grahamstown, 

April,  1823. 
Removed  from  his  clerical  employments,  etc., 

8ih  Oct.,  1824. 
1823,  2nd  Nov.     Thomas  Ireland,  M.A. 

Military  Chaplain,  Capetown. 
Chaplain  j[)ro  tern,  at  Grahamstown, 

9th  Oct.,  1824. 
Left  the  Cape,  Oct.,  1827. 

Died  in  Ceylon,  20th  January,  1832. 

1825,  2nd  May.     Edward  Judge,  M.A.,  Trinity  Coll.,  Cambridge. 
Master  of  the  Classical  School,  Capetown,  1825. 
Professor  of  Classics,  S.  A.  College,  1829. 

K 


130  Appendix  F. 

Acting  Chaplain  at  Wynberg,  and  Mil.  Chap., 

1832. 

Junior    Provisional    Chap,   of    "Wynberg,    or 

Acting    Chaplain    of    Eendebosch,    1st 

March,  1834. 

Colonial  Chaplain  at  Simonstown,   1st  Feb. 

1840. 
Canon  of  Capetown,  1850. 

Died,  1872. 

1826,  4th  Oct.     Eenjarain  Croft  Goodison,  M.A. 

Chaplain  to  the  Forces,  Capetown. 

Acting  Chaplain  at  Wynberg,  30th  July,  1829. 

Died  in  Capetown,  16th  Feb.,  1832. 

1828,  12th  July.     William  Carlyle,  M.A. 

Colonial  Chaplain  at  Grahamstown. 

Eetired  on  pension,  1838. 

Died. 

1829,  Henry  G.  Pauncefoote  Cooke,  B.A.,  Exeter  Coll.,  Oxford. 

Actmg  Military  Chaplain,   Capetown,   1831- 

1832. 

1830,  16th  Jan.     Charles  Wimberley,  H.  E.  I.  C.  S.,  Bengal. 

Acting  Colonial  Chaplain,  Sinionstown,    1830. 
1830,  26th  Feb.     George  Shepheard  Porter,  M.A. 

Acting  Chaplain  at  Bathurst,  1831. 

1830,  4th  Nov.     Holt  Okes,  D.D. 

Senior  Provisional  Chaplain,  "Wynberg,  30tk 

Oct.,  1834. 
Colonial  Chaplain,  "Wynberg,  1845. 

Resigned,  1848. 

Died. 

1831,  6th  Feb.     John  Larkin  Fry,  B.A.,  Pt.N. 

Naval  Chaplain. 

Colonial    Chaplain    Piondebosch,    25th    Oct., 

1844. 

Died. 
1831,  30tli  July.     Henry  Frazer,  B.A.,  Trin.  Coll.,  Dublin. 

Colonial    Chaplain,   Sinionstown,   oOth   July, 

1831. 

Died  at  Grahamstown,  July,  1839. 

1831,  3rd  Oct.     E.  J.  Burrow,  D.D. 

MiHtary  Cliaplain,  Capetown,  1832-1834. 

1831,  28th  Nov.     John  Heavyside. 

Missionary. 

Colonial  Chaplain,  Grahamstown,  16th  Oct., 

1838. 

Died. 


Appendix  F.  131 

1833,  nth  May.    James  Barrow. 

Colonial  Chaplain,  Batlmrst,  15th  May,  1833. 
Chancellor  of  Diocese  of  Grahamstown. 
Retired,  18G8. 

1836,  nth  April.     Thomas  Richard  Arthur  Blair. 

Acting  Chaplain  at  Simonstown,  1839. 

Acting  Militaiy  Chaplain,  Capetown,  1840- 

1841. 

Minister  of  Episcopal  Chapel,  1841. 

Minister  of  Holy  Trinity  Church,  1845. 

Col.  Chaplain,  Wynberg,  1848. 

Eeturned  to  England,  1853. 

1837,  March.     Francis  Owen,  M.A.,  C.  M.  S.  Missionary. 

Missionary  to  Zululand. 

Mission  abandoned,  1838. 

1838,  March.     J.  W.  Sanders,  M.A.,  S.  P.  G.  Missionary. 

Clergyman  for  Juvenile  Immigrants. 

1840,  25th  August.     George  Villiers  Thorpe,  B.A,,  feidbury,     1844. 

1841,  1st  April     Edward  Paulet  Blunt,  M.A. 

Military  Chaplain,  Capetown. 

Eeturned  to  England,  5th  May,  1844. 

1842,  8th  Jan.     Herbert  Beaver,  Colonial  and  Continental  Society. 

Minister  at  Fort  Beaufort,  1842. 

1844,  16th. March.  Bro\\^low  Maitland,  M.A. 

Private  Secretary  to  H.  E.  Sir  P.  Maitland. 
Returned  to  England. 

1845,  26th  March.  Edward  Thomas  Scott. 

Chaplain  at  George,  22nd  May,  1845. 

Resigned,  ^    1845. 

1845,  August.    WiUiam  Long. 

Minister  at  Graaf-Reinet,      1st  August,  1845. 

Incumbent  of  St.  Peter's,  Mowbray,  3rd  June, 

1854. 
1845,  9th  Sept.     George  Dacre,  M.A. 

Officiating  Chaplain  to  Troops,  C.  T.,  Oct.  1845. 
1845,  9th  Sept.     Robert  Gumbleton  Lamb,  B.A.,  T.C.D. 

Assistant  Chaplain,   St.  George's,  Capetown, 

1845. 

Incumbent  of  Trinity  Church,  1848. 

Resicrned,  1878. 

1847,  nth  April.    Philip^W.  Copeman,  M.A. 

Minister  at  Uitenhage,  14th  April,  1847. 

Minister  at  Sidbury. 
1847,  June.     George  Frederic  Childe,  M.A.,  Christ  Church,  Oxford. 

Assistant  Astronomer. 

Professor  of  Mathematics,  S.  A.  College. 

Returned  to  England 

K  3 


132  Appendix  F. 

List  of  Cleegy  visiting  the  Cape,  and  occasionally  officiating, 

BUT   NOT   holding   ANY   FIXED    APPOINTMENTS. 

1807.  Charles  Ball,  H.E.I.C.S.,  May. 

1810.  Eobert  Baynes,  LL.B.,  late  B.X.,  H.E.I.C.S.  Bombay,    May. 

1814.  J.  M.  S.  Glennie,  Sept.— Nov. 

1822.  —  Bi-iggs,  R.N.  (Simonstown),  March. 

1822.  Morgan  Davis,  of  Madras  Est.,  died  in  C.  T.,  Nov. 

1828.  B.  McDonald  Chanter,  LL.B.,  Nov.— Jan.,  1829. 

1829.  F.  Goode,  M.A.,  Feb. 

1830.  Jackson  M.  Williams,  M.A.,  H.E.LC.S.,  Madras. 

1830.  Archdeacon  Scott,  M.A.,  Nov. 

1832.  John  C.  Street,  H.E.LC.S. 

1833.  Archdeacon  Robinson,  D.D.,  Madras,  January. 

1833.  A.  Denny,  M.A.,  Sr.,  Col.  Chapl.,  Mauritius,       Feb.— April. 

1834.  William  V.  Hannah,  Chapl.  H.M.S.  Isu  (Simonstown). 
1834.  J.  Hallewell,  M.A.  (Wynbero;),  Oct. 
1837.  Richard  Bethnel  Boyes,  B.A.^  H.E.LC.S. 

1837.  Robert  Abercrombie  Denton,  B.A.,  June. 

1840.  J.  Vaughan,  B.A.,  H.E.I.C.S. 

1840.  A.  Fielding,  M.A.,  April. 

1842.  Henry  Hutton,  B.A.,  H.E.I.C.S. 

1843.  Pascoe  G.  Hill,  Chapl.  H.M.S.  Cleopatra. 

1844.  BroAndow  Maitland,  M.A.,  Private  Sec.  H.E.  the  Governor. 

1845.  Charles  Henry  Gladwin,  B.A.,  IMarch. 
1845.  W.  Steel  (Simonstown). 

1847.  M.  J.  Jennings,  M.A.  (Rondcbosch). 


(     ^33     ) 


APPENDIX  G. 

List  of  Pamphlets,  Sermons,  &c.,  published  at  the  Cape. 

1808.  A  Sermon  on  the  Guilt  of  Dishonesty.  In  its  various  degrees; 
on  its  usual  incentives ;  and  present  and  future  punish- 
ment. Delivered  before  the  British  Army  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope  on  Sunday,  the  29th  May,  1808.  By  Laurens 
Halloran,  D.D.,  Chaplain  to  His  Majesty's  Forces  at  that 
settlement,  late  Chaplain  and  Secretary  to  Ptear-Admiral 
the  Earl  of  Northesk,  K.B.,  &c.  Printed  for  the  author 
for  the  purpose  of  gratuitous  distribution.     8vo.     pp.  16. 

1808.  Piedevoering  ter  gelegenheid  van  der  Luisterrijke  en  beslissende 
overwinning  door  de  Britsche  Vloot,  onder  bevel  van  Lord 
Yiscount  Nelson,  behaald  over  de  vereenigde  en  talrijker 
magt  van  Frankryk  en  Spanje  op  de  hoogte  van  Trafalgar 
op  Maandag  den  21  Oct.  1805,  gehouden  aan  boord  van 
Zyn  Majs.  Schip  Britannia,  in  zee  op  Zondag  den  3  Nov. 
1805.  i)oor  Lourens  Halloran,  Doctor  der  Godgeleerdheid, 
Kapellaan  op  het  voornoemde  Schip  en  Secretaris  van  den 
Schautbij-Nacht  den  Graaf  van  Northesk.  Kaapstad  ; 
gedrukt  ter  Governments  Drukkery.     post  8vo.     pp.  20. 

1813.  Universal  Charity  of  the  Gospel.  A  sermon  preached  on 
Sunday,  January  10th,  1813,  in  the  Established  Church 
of  Capetown,  by  the  Rev.  Piobert  Jones,  B.A,,  Colonial 
Chaplain,  and  published  at  the  request  of  His  Excellency 
Lt.-Gen.  Sir  John  Francis  Cradock,  K.B.,  K.C.,  Governor 
and  Commander-in-Chief,  &c.  Capetown :  printed  at  the 
Government  Press,     post  8vo.     pp.  1 5. 

1813.  Yoordeelen  eener  Godsdienstige  Opvoeding.  Eene  leerredo 
uitgcsproken  op  Zondag,  den  11  Maart,  1813,  in  de 
Engelsche  Kerk  van  de  Kaapstad,  Door  den  Eerw. 
Robert  Jones,  B.A.,  Kuloniaal  Kapellaan  en  lid  der  School 
Commissie.  Uitgegevcn  op  verzoek  van  Zijne  Excellent ie 
den  Lieut.-Generaal  Sir  John  Francis  Cradock,  K.B.  en 
K.C.,  Hoofdgebieder  en  Opperbevelhebber,  enz.  (uit  de 
Engelsch  vertaald).  Kaapstad :  Gedrukt  ter  Gouverne- 
ments  Drukkerij.     post  8vo.     pp.  20. 

1821.  On  Evil  Speaking.  A  sermon  preached  in  the  English 
Church,  Capetown,  on  Sunda5\  August  2Gth,  1821,  and 
published  at  the  request  of  His  Excellency  ]\Lajor-General 
Sir  R.  S.  Donkin,  K.C.B.,  Acting  Governor,  &c.  By 
the  Rev.  George  Hougli,  M.A.,  Colonial  Chaplain,  Cape 
of  Good  Hope.     Printed  at  the  Government  Press.     8vo. 


134  Appendix  G. 

pp.  15.     (Text,  St.  James  iv.  11.)     The  profits  to  be  for 
the  Settlers'  Fund. 

1825.  A  Sermon  on  the  dut)'-  of  suhmission  to  lawful  authority. 
Preached  at  the  Military  Chapei  Capetown,  on  Sunday, 
Nov.  20th,  1825,  by  the  Kev.  G-eorge  Hough,  M.A.* 
Colonial  Chaplain  and  Acting  Military  Chaplain;  and 
published  at  the  request  of  His  Excellency  General  the 
Bight  Hon.  liord  Charles  Somerset,  Governor  and  Com- 
mander-in-Chief, &c.  Cape  of  Good  Hope :  Printed  at 
the  Government  Press.     8vo.     pp.  25. 

1827.  Duelling.  A  sermon  on  the  Sixth  Commandment,  respect- 
fully addressed  to  the  inhabitants  of  Capetown.  The 
profits  of  this  discoiu'se  will  be  given  to  the  South  African 
Infirmary  Fund.  Capetown :  Printed  by  W.  Bridekirk, 
Heeregracht.     8vo.     jip.  15. 

1829.  The  Church  Catechism  explained.  Compiled  from  Lewis's 
Catechism.  For  the  use  of  the  Sunday  Schools  in 
connection  with  the  English  Established  Church,  Cape- 
towTi.  Printed  at  the  Government  Press,  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  1829.     pp.  96. 

1833.  The  Dignity  of  Public  Worship.  A  Sermon  delivered  at 
Wynberg,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  on  the  occasion  of  conse- 
crating grounds  as  sites  for  a  church  and  churchyard  at 
that  place.  By  Daniel,  Bishop  of  Calcutta.  Printed  and 
published  by  George  Greig  Keizersgracht,  Capetown. 
8vo.     pp.  27. 

1S3G.  A  Sermon  preached  in  the  Dutch  Church,  Wynberg,  before 
the  "Cape  Friendly  Society,"  on  the  Feast  of  the 
Epiphany,  1836.  By  the  Rev.  Henry  Eraser,  A.B., 
Mcnibi-r  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  Chaplain  at  Simons- 
town,  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Printed  at  the  request  of  the 
Members  of  the  "  Cape  Friendly  Society."  Capetown : 
Printed  by  G.  J.  Pike,  11,  St.  George's  Street.  8vo.  pp.  16. 

1838.  A  Warning  Voice  at  tlie  Commencement  of  the  Year.  A 
Sermon  preached  at  Wynberg  before  His  Plxcellency  the 
Governor,  and  the  "Cape  Friendly  Society  "at  their  anni- 
versary meeting  held  on  Mfjnday,  the  1st  of  January, 
1838.  By  the  Rev.  11.  B.  Boyes,  B.A.,  late  of  Queen's 
College,  Cambridge,  and  Cha[)lain  of  the  Hon.  East  India 
Company's  lien-ial  Establishment.  Capetown :  Printed 
by  G.  J.  Pike,  15,  St.  George's  Street.     8vo.     pp.  12. 

1838.  A  Sermon  to  the  Young  :  more  ]\articularly  intended  for  the 
Juvenile  Emigrants;  As  preached  in  St.  George's  Church, 
Capetown,  Soutli  Africa,  on  Sunday  evening,  10th  June, 
1838,  by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Sanders,  A.M,  from  tlie  S.P.G. 
Published  by  request.  Capetown  :  Printed  by  G.  J.  Pike, 
15,  St.  George's  Street.     12mo.     pp.  22. 


Appendix  G.  135 

1839.  Eemarks  on  tlie  Ordinance,  No.  2,  1839.  Entitled  "  For 
Authorizing  the  Appointment  of  a  Vestry  and  Church- 
wardens for  St.  George's  Church,  Grahamstown."  Gra- 
hamstown  :  Aldum  and  Harvey.  Printers,  Queen  Street. 
12mo.     pp.  24. 

1839.  A  Sermon  i^reached  in  Eondebosch  Church,  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  on  Sunday,  the  17th  February,  1839,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  fifth  anniversary  of  that  Church.  By  the 
Eev.  Henry  Fraser,  B.A.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  Colonial 
Chaplain  of  Simonstown.  Published  by  request,  Cape- 
town :  A.  S.  Ptobertson.     Heeregracht.     8vu.     pp.  25. 

1842.  A  Sermon  preached  in  the  Episcopal  Chapel,  Capetown, 
Cai^e  of  Good  Hope,  on  Sunday,  the  8th  May,  1842,  in 
behalf  of  the  funds  of  the  "Colonial  Church  Society." 
By  the  Eev.  Henry  Hutton,  B.A.,  Hon.  East  India 
Company's  Service,  Bengal  Establishment.  Published  by 
request.  Capeto^xoi :  A.  S.  Eobertson,  Heeregracht. 
(Price  One  Shilling,  in  aid  of  the  Funds.)     8vo.     pp.  14. 

1845.  Catechism  relating  to  the  six  days'  Creation  as  revealed  in 

the  Holy  Bible,  intended  for  the  use  of  young  persons. 
(By  the  Eev.  Holt  Okes,  D.D.)    CapetoAxm,  1845. 

1846.  A  Sermon  dehvered   at  the  opening  of  the   Green   Point 

School  House.  By  the  Eev.  T.  A.  Blair,  Minister  of 
Trinity  Church,  Capetown.  Published  at  the  request  of 
the  Committee.  Capetown:  A.  S.  Eobertson,  21,  Heere- 
gracht.    8vo.     pp.  19. 

1847.  Baptismal  Eegeneraticn  opposed  both  by  the  Word  of  God 

and  the  standard  of  the  Church  of  England.  By  the  Eev. 
Capel  Molyneux,  B.A.,  Minister  of  the  Trinity  Episcopal 
Church,  Woolwich.  Capetown :  Printed  by  G.  J.  Pike, 
59,  St..  George's  Street.  12mo.  pp.40. 
1847.  Where  may  the  Next  Step  place  Us ;  or.  The  Great  Change. 
The  substance  of  a  sermon  preached  in  St.  George's 
Church,  Caiietown,  on  Sunday,  the  22nd  August,  1847, 
on  the  occasion  of  the  death  of  Charles  Henry  Carpenter, 
Esq.,  by  a  fall  from  a  precipice  adjacent  to  Table  Moun- 
tain. By  the  Eev.  Eobert  Gumbleton  Lamb,  A.B., 
Junior  Chaplain.  [Text,  Matt.  xxiv.  40-44.]  Cape- 
town :  A.  S.  Eobertson,  Heeregracht,  and  J.  H.  Collard, 
Shortmarket  Street.     Price  Sixpence.     12mo.     pp.  22. 


(     13^     ) 


APPENDIX  H. 

Ordinances  and  Laws  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the 
Colony  from  1806  to  1848,  relating  to  or  affecting  the 
English  Church,  and  still  in  force. 

From  1806  to  May,  1825,  tlie  laws  consist  of  proclamations,  and 
of  advertisements  having  the  effect,  though  not  the  form,  of  pro- 
clamations, issued  by  the  authority  of  the  Governor  alone.  From 
jNIay,  1825,  when  a  Council  of  Government  was  estabUshed  in  the 
Colony,  the  laws  assumed  the  form  of  Ordinances  passed  by  the 
Governor  in  Council.  From  1834,  when  a  Legislative  Council  was 
established,  until  1853,  when  the  Iconstitution  was  granted,  the 
Ordinances  were  passed  by  the  Governor  with  the  advice  and 
consent  of  the  Legislative  Council. 

What  are  commonly  called  the  Church  Orchnanccs  fall  into  two 
classes,  the  first  authorizing  a  sum  of  money  to  be  raised  in  shares 
for  building  a  church — in  one  case  by  loan  for  enlarging  a  church  ; 
the  second  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  Vestry  and  Church- 
wardens for  a  church  already  built  or  about  to  be  built.  But  as  the 
former  class  always  contains  clauses  constituting  a  Vestry  and 
Churchwardens,  there  are  several  clauses  conmion  to  both.  The 
oldest  Ordinance,  that  of  St.  George's,  Capetown,  was  drawn  up  by 
the  Hon.  William  Westbrooke  Burton,  one  of  the  Judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  and  is  the  model  upon  which  all  the  others  arc 
formed.  * 

180G.     April  2G.  Proclamation. — Marriages  t(j  be  solemnized 

by  clergymen  only. 
1814.     Feb.  2G.  Advertisement. — Baims  of  Marriages  solem- 

nized   according   to    the 
English  form  to  be  i)ub- 
lished    in     an     English 
church. 
1818.     ^larch  20.  Advertisement. — S])ccial  Marriage  Licences 

to  be  granted  on  a  stamp 
of  200Bds. 
All  the  above  are  modified  Ijy  subsequent  legislation. 
1821).     Sept.  1.  Ordmance  No.  4,  local. — For   authorizing  a 

sum  of  money  to  be  raised  in  shares  for 
erecting  an  English  church  at  Cape- 
town. 


Appendix  H. 


137 


1839.    January  23. 


1839.     Feb.  1. 


1832.  June  13.  Ordinance  No.  5,  local. — For  authorizing  a 

sum  of  money  to  be  raised  in  shares  for 
building  a  cliurch  at  Bathurst. 

1833.  November  11.    Ordinance  No.  6,  local. — For  authorizing  a 

sum  of  money  to  be  raised  in  shares  for 
building  a  church  at  Wynberg. 
1838.     March  22.  Ordmance  No.  1. — For  repealing  the  Ordi- 

nance intituled  "  An  Ordinance  for  the 
better  observance  of  the  Lord's  Day  in 
this  Colony,"  and  dated  the  23rd  day  of 
August,  1837,  and  for  making  other 
provisions  instead  thereof. 

Ordinance  No.  2. — For  authorizing  the  ap- 
pointment of  a  Vestry  and  Church- 
wardens for  St.  George's  Church, 
Grahamstown. 

Order  of  the  Queen  in  Council  dated  7th 
Sept.  1838,  as  to  marriages  in  this 
Colony  in  force  in  the  Colony  from 
1st  Feb.,  1839. 

Order  of  the  Queen  in  Council  as  to  Fees  of 
Clergy  not  affected  by  former  Order. 

Ordinance  No.  1  for  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Vestry  and  Churchwardens 
for  St.  Mary's  Church  at  Port  Elizabeth. 

Ordinance  No.  2  for  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Vestry  and  CWchwardens 
for  Sidbury. 

Ordinance  No.  5  for  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Vestry  and  Churchwardens 
for  St.  Paul's  Church  at  Kondebosch. 

Ordinance  No.  7  for  authorizing  a  sum  of 
money  to  be  raised  in  shares  for  build- 
ing a  church  at  Fort  Beaufort. 

Ordinance  No.  8  for  authorizing  the  appoint- 
ment of  a  Vestry  and  Churchwardens 
for  the  Episcopal  Church  about  to  be 
erected  at  Graaf-Eeinet. 
1847.     March  5.  Ordinance  No.  3  for  authorizing  the  Vestry 

of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Eondebosch,  to 
raise  a  sum  of  money  not  exceeding 
£2,000,  to  enlarge  the  building  of  the 
said  church. 


1839. 

Feb.  20. 

1842. 

March  3. 

1842. 

March  3. 

1845. 

Feb.  27. 

1845. 

March  25. 

1846. 

Feb.  16. 

LONDON: 
PRINTED  BY  WILLIAM  CLOWES  AND  SONS,  Limited, 

STAMFORD  STREET  AND  CHARING   CROSS. 


Princeton  Theological  Semmary-Speer  Library 


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