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SMITHSONIAN
VOL. XXII.
' EVERY MAN 13 A VALUABLE MESffiER OP SOCIETY WHO BT HIS OBSEEVATIONS, BESEARCBE8,
AND EXPERIMENTS PK0CUBE8 KNOWLEDGE FOB MEN." — BMITHSON.
^:
WASHINGTON:
PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
1882.
CONTENTS
Advertisement.
Article I. — Proceedings of the United States National Mnseiun, Vol. Ill, 1880.
594 pp.
(Smithsonian series, No. 425.)
(National Museum series, No. 25.)
»
Article II. — Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Vol. IV, 1881.
600 pp.
(Smithsonian series. No. 467.)
(National Museum series, No. 27.)
ADVERTISEMENT
The present series, entitled " Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,"
is intended to embrace all the publications issued directly by the Smith-
sonian Institution in octavo form; those in quarto constituting the
" Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge." The quarto series in-
cludes memoirs, embracing the records of extended original investiga-
tions and researches, resulting in what are believed to be new truths, and
constituting positive additions to the sum of human knowledge. The
octavo series is designed to contain reports on the present state of our
knowledge of particular branches of science ; instructions for collecting
and digesting facts and materials for research ; lists and synopses of
species of the organic and inorganic world ; museum catalogues ; reports
of exj)lorations ; aids to bibliographical investigations, etc., generally
prepared at the express request of the Institution, and at its expense.
The assignment of a work to one or the other of the two series will
sometimes depend upon whether the required illustrations can be pre-
sented more conveniently in the quarto or the octavo form.
In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, as well as in the
present series, each article is separately paged and indexed, and the
actual date of its publication is that given on its special title page, and
not that of the volume in which it is placed. In many cases works
have been published, and largely distributed, years before their combi-
nation into volumes.
While due care is taken on the part of the Smithsonian Institution to
insure a proper standard of excellence in its publications, it will be
readily understood that it cannot hold itself responsible for the facts
and conclusions of the authors, as it is impossible in most cases to verify
their statements.
S. F. BAIRD,
Secretary 8. I.
^Qpavivnerxi of ihe ^nieviov
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
25
PROCEEDINGS
OF THK
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Vol. Ill
1880.
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICB,
1881.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
Bean, Tarleton B. Description o£ a iNew Hake (Phycis Earlii), from Soath Carolina,
and a Note on the Occurrence oi Phyciir^egius ia. North Carolina 09
Check-Liat of Duplicates of North American Fishes distributed by the Smithsonian
Institution in behalf of the United States National Museum, 1877-80 75
Cattic, S. TH. On the Genitalia of Male Eels and their Sexual Characters 280
Endlich, Fred. M. List of Species and Varieties of Minerals in the National Museum of
the United States in 1879 333
Oarinan, Samnel. Synopsis and Descriptions of the American Hhinobatidce 516
Oilbcrt, Charles 0. (See under Jordan and Gilbert.)
drill, Theodore. On the Identity of the Genus Leurynnis Lockington, with Lyeodopsis
Collett 247
Goode, G. Broirn. Descriptions of Seven New Species of Fishes from Deep Soundings on
the Southern New England Coast, with Diagnoses of Two Undescribed Genera of Flounders
and a Genus related to Merluciut 337
Fishes from the Deep Water on the South Coast of New England obtained by the United
States Fish Commission in the Summer of 1880 467
The Frigate Mackerel (Auxis Bochei) on the New-England Coast 532
yotacanthus phasganoru*, a New Species of JVotoeanffeicto from the Grand Banks of New-
foundland 535
Hay, O. P. On a Collection of Fishes from Eastern Mississippi 488
Heilprin, Angelo. On Some New Species of Eocene MoUusca from the Southern United
States 149
Jordan, Darid S. Notes on a Collection of Fishes from East Florida, obtained by Dr. J.
A. Henshall 17
Notes on a Collection of Fishes from Saint John's Eiver, Florida, obtained by Mr. A. H.
Curtias 22
Note on a Forgotten Paper of Dr. Ayres, and its Bearing on the Nomenclature of the
Cypriaoid Fishes of the San Fi-anciseo Markets 325
Note on " Sema" and " Daeentrug" 327
Description of a New Species of Oaranx (Oaranx beani), tiom Beaufort, North Caro-
lina 486
Jordan, DaTid S., and Gilbert, Charles B. Notes on a Collection of Fishes from
SanDiego, California 1 23
Description of a New Flounder (Xystreurys liolepis), from Santa Catalina Island, Cali-
fornia 34
Description of a New Bay (Platyrhina triseriata), from the Coast of California 36
Description of a New Species of "Kock Cod" {Sebastichthys serriceps), from the Coast
of California 38
On the Occurrence of Cephalogcyllium laticeps (Dum6ril) Gill on the Coast of Califor-
nia 40
On the Oil Shark of Southern California ( Galeorhinus galeus) 42
Description of a New Flounder {Pleuronichthys verticalig), from the Coast of California,
with Notes on Other Species 49
Notes on Sharks from the Coast of CaUfomia 51
On the Generic Relations of Platyrlmia exasperata 53
Description of a New Species of Sebastichthys (Sebastichthys miniat'us), from Monterey
Bay, California 70
Description of a New Species of "Eock-fish" (Sebastichthys camatus), from the Coast
of California ■ 73
Description of a New Species of Kay {Baia steUvJata), from Monterey, California 138
— ^— Description of New Species of Xiphister and Apodichthys, from Monterey, Cilifomia. .. 135
Description of Two New Species of Sebastichthys (Sebastichthys entomelas and Sebastich-
thys rhodochloris), from Monterey Bay, CaUfomia 142
Description of a New Agonoid Fish (Brachiopsis xyostemus), from Monterey Bay,
California 152
Description of a New Flounder (Hippoglossoides eotilis), from the Coast of California. .. 154
Ul
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Jordan, David S., and GaSbcrt, Charles Bt. Description of a New Species of Kay
(liaia rhhia) from tlio Coast of California
. — - — Description of Two New Species of Fishes (Ascelichthys rhodorus and Scytalina cerdale)
from Neali Bay, "Wasliington Territory
Description of Two New Species of Scopeloid Fishes (Sudis ringens and Myctophum
crenulare), from Santa Barbara Channel, California
Description of Two New Species of Flounders {Parophrys ischyurus and Hippoglos-
soides elassodon), from Pujet Sound
. Description of Seven Xew Species of Sehastoid Fislies, from the Coast of California
Description of a Now Embiotocoid (Abeona aurora), from Monterey, California, with
Notes on a Related Species
— Description of a New Flounder {Platysomatichthys stomias), from the Coast of Califor-
nia
Description of a New Embiotocoid Fish {Cymatogaster rosaceus), from the Coast of Cali-
fornia r
Description of a New Species of Deep-Water Fish (leichthya Loekingtoni), from the Coast
Page.
of California .
Description of a New Embiotocoid Fish {Bitrema atripes), from the Coast of California. .
Description of a New Scorpaenoid Fish {Sebastichthys maliger), from the Coast of Cali-
fornia
Description of a New Scorpaenoid Fish {Sebastichthys proriger), from Monterey Bay,
California
. Description of a New Agonoid (Agonus vulsus), from the Coast of California
Description of a New Species of HemirhampJms (Hemirhamphus rosce), from the Coast
of C alifornia ---
. Description of a New Species of Notidanoid Shark (Hexanchnscorinus), from the Pacific
Coast of the United States
Description of a New Species ot Nemichthys {Neniichthysavocetta), from FngetSouni...
Description of a New Species of Paralepis (Paralepis coruscang), from the Straits of
Juan de Fnca
List of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the TJnited States, with a Table showing the
Distribution of the Species
On the Generic Relations of Belone exilis Girard
Notes on a Collection of Fishes from Utah Lake -■
Description of a New Species of Kock-flsh (Sebastichthys chrysnmelas), from the Coast
of California
Ij a^'rence, Oeorge N. Description of a New Species of Bird of the Family Turdidce, from
the Island of Dominica, W. I
Description of a New Species of Parrot of the Genus Chrysotis, from the Island of Do-
minica
Description of a New Species of Icterus, from the West Indies
liockington, W. Bf. Remarks on the Species of the Genus Chirus found in San Francisco
Market, including one hitherto undescribed
Description of a New Fish from Alaska ( JJranidea microstoma)
— Description of a New Species of Agonidce (Brachyopsis verrucosus), from the Coast of
California
— Description of a Now Genus and Some New Species of California Fishes {Icosteus cenig-
maticus and Osmerus attenuatus)
i Description of a New Chiroid Fish (Myriolepis zoni/er), from Monterey Bay, California. .
— Description of a New Sparoid Fish {Sparus brachysomus), from Lower CaUfornia
Note on a New Flat-flsh {Lepidopsetta isolepis), found in the Markets of San Francisco. .
Description of a New Species of Prionotus {Prionotus stephanophrys), from the Coast of
California
Bathbun, Richard. The Littoral Marine Fauna of Provincetown, Cape Cod, Massachu-
setts
Ridgway , Robert. Revisions of Nomenclature of Certain North American Birds
A Catalogue of the Birds of North America
Catalogue of Irochilidce in the Collection of the United States National Museum
Ryder, John A, On Camaraphysema, a New Typo of Sponge
' List of the North American Species of Myriapods belonging to the Family of the Lysio-
petalidce, with a Desciiption of a Blind Form from Luray Cave, Virginia
Smith, Ro8a. On the Occurrence of a Species of Crcmnobates at San Diego, California
Smith, S. I. Preliminary Notice of the Crustacea dredged in 64 to 325 fathoms oS the
South Coast of Now England, by the United States Fish Commission, in 1880
TABLE OF CONTENTS. V
Page.
SvFan, James C The Surf Smelt of the Northwest Coast, and the Method of Taking Them
by the Quillehut.e Indians, "West Coast of Washington Territory 43
The Eiilucbon or Candle-fish of the Northwest Coast 207
VerriHl, A. E. Notice of Kecent Additions to the Marine Invertebrata of the Northeast-
ern Coast of America, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species and Critical Remarks
on Others
Part II. — Mollusca, with Notes on Annelida, Echinodermata, etc., collected by the United
States Fish Commission 356
Part III. — Catalogue of Mollusca recently added to the Fauna of Southern Now lijugland 405
lYbitc, C A. Note on the Occurrence of Productus giganteus in CalLfomia 46
Note on Acrothale 47
Description of a New Cretaceons Pinna from New Mexico 47
Note on the Occurrence oi Stricklandia Salteri and S. Davidsoniiu Georgia 48
— : — Description of a very large Fossil Gasteropod, from the State of Puebla, Mexico 140
Descriptions of New Invertebrate FossUs from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Kocks of
Arkansas, 'Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah 157
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
1880.
REVISIONS OF IVOlTIENCIiATITRE: OF CERTAIN NORTB AITIFRICAI^
RIRDS.
By ROBERT RIDOW^AY.
The following emendations of nomenclature apply both to species
enumerated in the latest published list of isTorth American birds —
Coues's " Check List,"* and others not contained therein. These two
series are therefore included in separate categories, the former having,
for convenience of reference, the corresponding number of the " Check
List " prefixed to each name.
It is deemed inexpedient to give here a list of the species to be added
to the Smithsonian Catalogue of 1859,t for the reason that they are suffi-
ciently distinguished b}^ the absence of the concordant number following
each name, in the revised list following this paper.
a. Species given in Coues's Check List.
4 6. Turdus aonalaschkae, | Gmel. — In my refiort on the ornithology
of the fortieth parallel expedition I used the name " guttata, Pallas,"
as the earliest name certainly applicable to this species; but I now
beUeve that Gmelin's name, Turdus aonalaschJcae, based upon the
Unalasclia Thrush of Pennant (Arctic Zoology, II, p. 338) and Aoona-
lashlca Thrush of Latham (Synopsis, II, i, j). 23), is the one which should
be used. A.s in the case of Muscicapa guttata, Pall., there can be no
doubt whatever that the western Dwarf Thrush ( Turdus nanus, Auct.,
nee And.!) is the very species which these authors described under the
above names. Turdus aonalaschJcae being, therefore, the proper name
for tlie Hermit Thrushes collectively, the Middle and Eastern Province
forms should be called, respectively, T. aonalaschJcae auduhoni and T.
aonalaschJcae pallasi. With regard to the last, it is very evident that
* A Check List of North American Birds. By Elliot Cones. Salem. Naturalists'
Agency. 1873. 8vo, pp. 137. (635 species.)
tCatalogvio of North American Birds contained chiefly iu the Museum of the Smith-
sonian Institution. By Spencer F. Baird. [First octavo edition.] Washington:
Smithsonian Institution. 1859. ["Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 108." Not
paged; 738 species, including varieties, all consecutively numbered.]
t Small capitals indicate the name which is changed or emended.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 1 Iflarcli '27, 1880.
2 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Tunlm nanus, And., was based upon a small specimeu of the eastern
Hermit Thrush, since Audubon distinctly says so in his account of the
supposed species. The name nmms antedates j)a77rts^; but the latter
havin<;- been used, in a restricted sense, exclusively for the eastern race,
while nanus has been almost wholly applied, of late years, to the small
west-coast foiiii now to be called T. aonalaschlcae, it seems best to discard
the name nanus altogether and adopt for the eastern birds that ofpallasi,
as next in order of date.
<)1. HelonvEA stcainsoni., Aud. — According to Agassiz, the correct
orthography of the generic name of this species (if to be separated
from Helmitherus) is Heloncea and not '' Helmaia,^'' as spelled by
Audubon. [Of. Newton, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 552.)
144 rr. Leueosficte griseinucha (Brandt) Bp.^ — The present indi«ations
are that this form does not intergrade with L. tephrocotis, but, on the
contrary, is a well-defined species of very constant characters confined
strictly to that jjortion of the Alaskan coast west of the one hundred and
thirty-fifth degree of west longitude.
14:6a. ^giothus linaria, " var. /wscescews." — No examples referable to
the so-called fuscescens having ever been taken in winter^ while the
particular stage originally so named is represented by birds in highly
intensified midsummer dress from various portions of subarctic America
(the interior of the continent and coast of Alaska, as well as Labrador),
the inference is natural that '■'■fuscescens'''' represents simply the mid-
summer plumage of the common species. {Cf. Coues, Birds of the
Northwest, 1874, p. 115.)
1466. ^giothus canescens exilipes (Coues) Ridgw. — There is every
probability that ^. canescens is a quite distinct species, since it occurs
in almost every district inhabited by JE7. linaria (especially in the Nearc-
tic Region), and cannot therefore be a geographical race of the same
species. ^. canescens and ^. linaria holbolli are the large boreal races
breeding in Greenland ; ^. canescens exilipes and JEJ. linaria proper are
the smaller continental forms.
159 «. Passerculus anthinus, Bp. — This seems to be quite distinct
from P. sandwicheusisj and probably more nearly related to —
160«. Passerculus guttatus, Lawr., which proves to be very distinct
from P. rostratus.
165 a (Appendix). Ammodromus iiigrescens, Ridgw. — As has already
been insisted by Mr. Maynard (see Am. Sportsman, V. Jan. 16, 1875,
p. 248), this bird is very probably distinct specifically from A. maritimus.
169. Melospiza fasciata (Gm.) Scott. — ^We can see no valid reason
why Gmelin's name for this species should not be used instead of Wil-
son's, bestowed upon it nearly a quarter of a century later. {Cf. Scott,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3
Alu. Xat., 1870, p. 17.) The recognizable forms of tliis species should
therefore be known as (169a) M. fasciata fallax, (160 &) M. fasciata
(/iitfata, (169c) ill. fasciata rujina, (169 fZ) 71/. fasciata heermanni, and
{169c) J/. 'FASCIATA SAMUELis {samitelis antedating- gouldii). '
169y'. Melospiza cinerea (Gm.)Eidgw. — Through the explorations of
Messrs. Dall, Turner, and Nelson, the fauna of Unalashka has of late
years been very thoroughly investigated, and we are thus able to iden-
tify the ''Cinereous Finch" of Pennant (Arct. Zoology, II, p. 68) upon
which Gmelin based his Fringilla cinerea (S. N., I, ii, p. 922) with the
species which Professor Baird afterward named Mclo.spiza insignis (Trans.
Chicago Acad., I, i, j). 319, pi. 29, fig. 2). Through the same means it
becomes equally certain that the Oonalaska Bunting of Pennant and
Latham {Emheri.za unalaschcenKis, Gm., S. K., I, ii, p. 875) is, as some
authors have long maintained, the bird usually called Passerella town-
sendi (Aud.). The known forms of Passerella having been proven by Mr.
Henshaw to intergTade, and therefore, to constitute mere geographical
races of a single species, thej* should be known by the following names : —
188. P. iliaca (Merrem) Sw.
t'189"rt. P. ILIACA ITNALASCHCE]SrSIS (Gm.) RldgW.
189 a. P. ILIACA schistacea (Baird) Hensh.
. P. ILIACA megarhyncha (Baird) Hensh. —
the latter — connecting unalasclwensis with schistacea^ but peculiar in
the extremely robust bill and other characters — not being given in the
"Check List."
170 « (Appendix). Peuccea arizonw, Ridgw. — There is very strong prob-
ability of this being quite distinct, specifically, from P. cestivaHs. (See
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I. 1878, p. 127, foot-note.)
177. Spizella MONTANA (Forst.) Ridgw. — Forster's name of montana
a])plied to this species in 1772 antedates Gmelin's name mouUcola (1788),
and, there being no objection to it otherwise, should be substituted for it.
180 «. Spizelki breweri, Cass. — Thus fiir there appears not the slight-
est evidence that this bird should be referred to 8. pallida. The respective
habitats of the two overlap quite considerably, and they may always be
•easily distinguished by the markings of the head.
191. Spiza amcricana (Gm.) Bp. — In 1858 Professor Baird rejected
the generic name Spiza for this species, for the reason that, although it
"was first used in connection with Emberiza americana,'''' it was "so
mixed up with tyi)es of several other modern genera as to render it
uncertain whether to apply it to one rather than to another" — at the same
time remarking that "if Sjyiza pointed more unmistakably to the U.
americana it might, perhaps, be necessary to adopt it." (" Birds N. Am.,"
p. 494.) Upon referring to the "Specchio Comparative," where Bona-
parte next, after its institution, mentions his genus Spiza, I find, in the
4 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
foot-note on i>. 47, that he distinctly names K americana as the type of the
genus ("Eeconoscemmo inoltre, che quest' uccello [E.melanocephala] e il
perfetto analogo della Fringilla americana tipo di quel Sottogenbe").
Four years later, however, Bonaparte proposed the name Euspiza for
the same type ("Saggio," p. 141), but according to recognized rules this
later name becomes simply a synonym of Spisa, as does also Cabanis's
name Buspina, the latter substitued for Euspiza (Mus. Hein., I, p. 133),
under the misapprehension that the type of the latter was the Em-
heriza melanocephala of Scopoli (see M. H., p. 130)— a species not only
generically distinct from E. americana, Gmel., but moreover hardly a
member of the same subfamily.
201. Phonipara zena (Linn.) Bryant.— ^^ Fringilla bicolor,^^ Linn., S. N.,
ed. 12 (1760) =i^. zena, Linn., S. K, ed. 10 (1758).
200. Pijnlo fuscus mesoleucus (Baird) B. B. & R. — The Arizona
form of this species is very easily distinguishable from the true fuscus
of Mexico, the latter being without the rufous cap of mesoleucus^ the
colors in general darker, etc.
212 &. Agekcus tricolor (Nutt.) Bp. — Totally distinct from A. phceni-
ecus.
233. Pica rustioa hudsonica (Sab.) Baird. — The earliest available
name for the European Magpie appears to be Corvus rusticus, Scopoli
(1769), which considerably antedates '■'' melanoleuca, Vieill." (1818), and
is now adopted by European authorities. ( Cf. Dresser, Birds of Europe,
pt. xxii.) The American bird, therefore, if to be separated subspeci-
fically from the European (for which there certainly seems suflBcient
reason), should be named as above.
239 a (Appendix). Perisoreus obscurus, Ridgw. — Since the original des-
cription of this bird was published Mr. Henshaw has obtained addi-
tional specimens, and, by an examination of them, together with the
types, has adopted Mr. Sharpe's conclusion (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., Ill, p.
105) that the form in question is a distinct species, an opinion in which
I at present wholly agree. Not so, however, with capitalis, Baird, which
Mr. Sharpe treats in the same manner; the latter unquestionably grades
directly into P. canadensis, and consequently, notwithstanding it is a
very strongly marked form, should be called P. canadensis capitalis.
The Perisoreus ohscurus is of much more restricted range than was at
first supposed, and probably does not extend much, if any, north of
Sitka. The examples alluded to in Hist. N. Am. B. (Vol. II, p. 302),
as coming from "north of Sitka and in the Yukon territory," and which
were stated to " incline toward the var. canadensis,''^ are in reality refer-
able to P. canadensis, of which they constitute a separable race, distin-
guished by the less extent and dingy or smoky tinge of the frontal
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5
white patch and generally darker colors. This new race may be char-
acterized as follows :
Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons, Riilgw.
Ch. — Similar to canade)ifii8 proper, but colors darker and more dingy throughout,
and the white of the forehead obscured, or even sometimes almost wholly obliterated,
by a wash of smoky gray or brown.
Nab. — Coast of Alaska.
265. Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils. — I can see no reason whatever
for removing this bird from the genus Caprimulgus. The type of
^^ Antrostomns''^ is the C. caroUnensis, Gmel., which differs from all the
other Caprimnlgi (so far as I am aware) in possessing line lateral fila-
ments to the rictal bristles, so that, in case this character be deemed
snfficient, the genus Antrostomus may stand, if restricted to the single
species possessing this feature. {Cf. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, pp. 142,
143, pis. i, ii.)
266. PhalyEnoptilus nuttalli (Aud.) Eidgw. — This species is de-
cidedly peculiar in the combination of its salient points of structure,
having a lengthened, naked tarsus, like N'yctidromus, a character-
istically velvety plumage, short, even tail, and unique wing-formula;
features which, taken together, render it a very well-marked genus,
which may be characterized as follows : —
Phal^noptilus, gen. nov.
Ch. — Differing from Caprimulgus and "Antrostomus^' in the short, even tail (much
shorter than the wing), aud lengthened, perfectly naked tarsus (longer than the mid-
dle toe), the first quill shorter than the fourth, and the plumage with a peculiar,
velvety, moth-like surface.
Type, Cajjrimulfjus nuttalli, Aud.
As stated on pages 142, 143, Proceedings of the United States National
Museum, Vol. I (1878), the characters supposed to separate the Amer-
ican Antrostomi from the Old World species of Ca^rrimulgus, particularly
the type of the latter genus (C. euro])cvi(s, L.), are wholly intangible,
with the exception of A. carolinensis, which has minute lateral filaments
to the rictal bristles, these being in all other species perfectly smooth,
or simple. On the other hand, the CaprimuJf/n.s mittaUi of Audubon
has so many decided peculiarities of structure that it is somewhat a
matter of surprise that its place in the genus ^'- Antrostomus^^ has not
been questioned ere this. In fact, P. nuttalli is quite as distinct in its
external structure from " A." vociferns and its allies as is the Nyctidro-
mus albicollis. The more j^rominent dilierences of structure iu these
forms may readily be seen by comparison of the birds themselves, or by
examination of the outline drawings of plates I and II of the volume
of the " Proceedings " referred to above.
268. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis (Lawr.) B. B. & R. — The Chor-
deiles texensis of Lawrence is merely a slightly different northern form
6 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
of C. acHtipenms (Bodd.) Cass., of South America. (See Sclater, P. Z. S.
18G6, p. 131, and nist. X. Am. B., TI, pp. 400, 407.)
2G7. ChordeilcH popetue (Vieill.) Baird. — Brisson's name virgimanus
was not restricted to this S])ecies until many years after the institu-
tion of Vieillot's name popetve : the latter, therefore, notwithstanding
its barbarous character, is, by all the rules, entitled to retention.
201). CvpsELUS Ha.mtUh{\\oo(\\i.) Ridgw. — This species agrees so very
closely in details of structure with (J. nielba, Linn., that there seems to be
no good reason for separating it genericaly from the genus Cypselus,
unless C. melba also is removed to another genus. The type of Panyp-
tila being the Cypselus cayannensis, Gmel., the elimination of C. saxatilis
does not, of course, affect the validity of the latter genus, as properly
restricted; still, there is not much more difference of form between
'•'■ Panyptila'''' cayennensis and C. saxatilis than between C. melba and G.
apus, the latter being the type of Cypselus. C. apus has the feet much
weaker and the tarsus much more densely feathered than G. melba;
G. saxatilis is nearly intermediate in this respect, though coming much
nearer to C. melba.
273. Basilinna xantusi (Lav/r.) Elliot. — See Elliot's " Sj^nopsis of
the Trochilidiii* ", p. 227.
284. Trogon AivmiGUUS, Gould, — The species described in "Birds of
Xorth America," and figured in the atlas to that work, is the present
one, and not T. mexicanus. The latter is chiefly distinguished by the
absence of white bars on the tail-feathers, which are uniform black un-
derneath, except the broad white tip.
295. Xenopious albolarvatns (Cass.) Bd. — In addition to the very
tangible external characters pointed out by Professor Baird in his chai'-
acterization of a subgenus Xe)iopicus (B. X. Am., p. 83), may be men-
tioned the fact that the tongue is scarcely extensile, its tip, when fully
protruded, reaching only f of an inch beyond the tip of the bill, or just
the same as in Sphyropicus thyroideus, while in Ficus villosus harrisi the
protrusion amounts to 2J inches, or If inches more! (See Orn. 40th
Parallel, pp. 546, 548, and 552, under lists of specimens of the above
species.)
301. Picoides tridactylus americamis (Brehm) B. B. & R. — As
pointed out in "History of North American Birds" (Vol. II, pp. 529-
534), the differences between the American and European white-backed
species of this genus are very slight, and by no means sufficient to warrant
specific separation. The common form should therefore be known as
above, and the Rocky Mountain race, if deemed sufficiently distinct, as —
* A Classilication and Synopsis of the l^ocbilidse. By Daniel Giraud Elliot, F. R.
S. E., etc. Washington City: Published by the Smithsonian Institution ["Smith-
sonian Contributions to Knowledge," No. 317.] [March, 1879.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7
301 rt. Picoides tridactylus (lorsalis (Baird) B. B. & R.
314. Golapfes AURATUS mexicanm (Sw.).
The above combination becomes absolutely necessary in view of the
indisputable and wholesale intergradation of the auratus and mexicanus
types of this species. In the present case is afforded an excellent ex-
ample of the difidculties in the way of consistent nomenclature, whether
binomial or trinomial.
31G. AI.VGO Jiammeus pratincola (Bonap.) Ridgw. — Professor Xew-
ton has, we think, clearly demonstrated* that the jiroper ty])e of the Lin-
usean genus Strix is not S. Jlammea, but S. Htridnla^ subsequently made
the type of Savigny's genus Syrnium; and that Aluco, Fleming (1828),
should stand as the generic name of the Barn Owls. Audubon's name,
'•'■ americana'''' (1839), for the American Barn Owl is antedated by^ra^
incola, Bonap. (1838), which should, in consequence, stand as the sub-
specific name for this form.
318 &. Scops asio maccalli (Cass.) Coues. — In the "Proceedings of
the U. S. Nat. Mus." for 1878 (Vol. I, pp. 109-111), I formally referred the
"Scops asio var. enano^^ of Lawrence to S. maccalli, Cassin, and in a
foot-note on p. Ill refer Mr. Sennett's specimens to the latter. This fact,
however, seems to have been overlooked by both Dr. Coues and Mr.
Sennett, who, in their last paper, continue to call the variety "(Sf. asio
enano.'''']
320. Asio wilsonianus (Less.). — Brisson's genus Asio appears to be un-
questionably that which should be applied to the long-eared owls, and
has long since been adopted by some authorities. Admitting that the
short-eared species {Strix accipitrina, Pall.) cannot be separated generi-
cally, it would have to be called —
321. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.) Xewton.
323. Strix nebulosa, Forst. — Professor Newton's very correct conclu-
sion that the proper type of the Linnsean genus Strix is the S. stridiila,
necessitates the above change in the generic name of this American
congener of that species.
The Floridan birds of S. nebulosa I find to be so different from north-
ern examples as to well merit subspecitic separation. In his memorable
work on the birds of East Florida (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, p. 340) Mr.
Allen refers to the uuich darker color of Floridan specimens, but appar-
ently overlooks the naked toes. It is with pleasure that I dedicate this
race to one who has done such eminent service not only to the orni-
thology of Florida, but to the science in general.
* Cf. Yarrell's Brit. Birds, ed. 4, vol. i, p. 150, and The Ibis, ser. iii, vol. vi, pp. 94-105.
f Since these pages were put iu type, I have discovered that the name stands aa
above given in the "Check List." The notice of the species here was therefore an
oversight.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Strix nebulosa alleni, Ritlgw.
Ch.— Similar to typical nebulosa, but toes wholly destitute of feathers or bristles,
oeing perfectly bare to the extreme base ; colors darker than in nebulosa, with less
ochraceous, the tail scarcely barred on the basal half, and the bars ou the breast much
more distinct, as well as narrower and more continuous.
Hab. — Florida (Clearwater).
The above characters I find to be constant in a series of three speci-
mens (two ^ and one 9 ) sent to the National Museum by Col. S. T.
Walker, of Clearwater, Florida. Not only are the toes perfectly bare,
but the feathers clothing the tarsi are much shorter than in northern
nebulosa, thus causing the legs to appear much more slender. The only
featheriug on the toes consists of a small pointed strip on the outer side
of the first phalanx of the middle toe, reaching about to the second joint.
324. Strix occidentalis (Xant.) Ridgw.
Assuming that the Great Grey Owls are sufficiently distinct generic-
ally from the foregoing, they should be known as—
322. SCOTIAPTEX cinereum (Gmel.) Swains., and
[322 «. I ScoTiAPTEX cinereum lapponicum (Eetz.) Eidgw
236. iSurnia ulula funeeea (Linn.) Rich. & Sw. — In the 10th edition
of ^^Systema Naturae''^ Linnseus describes on the same page (93) Strix
funerea and S. ulula, in the order here given; the former being based on
"Fn. suec. 51," the ^'- ulula fiammeata, Frisch. av. t. 9" being doubtfully
quoted; "Habitat in Europa." 8. ulula is based upon "Fn. suec.
52— Ulula, Gesu. av. 773, Aldr. ornith, 1. 8, c. 6; Will, ornith. 68, t. 13,
Ray. av. 26, n. 4 ; " the habitat also " in Europa." In neither case would
the diagnoses given determine the species independent of the references.
In the 12th edition, however, S. ulula is mentioned first, with the same
diagnosis and habitat, but with additional or more explicit references.
8. funerea follows, with an additional diagnosis which renders the species
unmistakable, and a reference to "/Sfrij? canadensis," Briss. av. I, p. 518,
t. 37, f. 2, which we know to be the American Hawk Owl. Furthermore,
there is added to the habitat "America septentrionaliP It is therefore
diflicult to decide which of the two names has priority as the specific
designation. If the >S'. funerea is to be regarded the same in both edi-
tions, then this name, as occurring first on the page, would be entitled to
that claim ; but there is nothing whatever in the account of Strix funerea
of edition 10 to show that it is anything more than the European Hawk
Owl ; or, in other words, the same as the species called on the same page
8. ulula. As the matter stands, we prefer to take/tr/ierect of 1766 as the
earliest date of the name as applied to the American bird, and to call the
species 8. ulula, the latter name being of certain application in the 10th
edition, while it precedes /Mwerm in the 12th.
347. Falco fusco-c^rulescens, Vieill.— See Sharpe, " Catalogue of
the Accipitres in the British Museum," I, p. 400.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9
. 353. Buteo abbreviatus, Cabau. — See Sliarpe, as above, p. 163, who,
however, refers it to the genus " Tachytriorchls.'^^ See, also, Sclater &
Salviii's " iS^omenclator Avium Keotropicalium," p. 118.
363. Polyhorus cheriway (Jacq.) Cabau. — See Sharpe, t. c, p. 33.
This species appears to be quite distinct from P. tharm.
364. PsEUDOGRYPHUS califomianus (Shaw) Ridgw. — Concerning the
validity of this genus, see Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club., April, 1880, p. — .
366. Catharista {atrata, Bartr.). — If the name atrata, as now almost
universally applied to this species, is to be accredited to Bartram, it has
priority over all the synonyms ; but if we are to reject Bartram's names
on account of his frequent " lapses " from binomialism, or his equally bad
jjractice of omitting descriptions (which, however, is not the case with
regard to bis mention of the present species), then uruhu of Vieillot
(1809) takes precedence over atrata of Wilson (1812), which comes next
in order of date.
368. Golumha erythrina, Licht. — Although there is no law compel-
ling the adoption of a museum name, I prefer to do so in this case rather
than propose a new one, since Lichtenstein's name erythrina is a very ap-
propriate one. The name by which this species ha s usually been known —
C. '■^Jlavirostris, Wagler" — is "glaringly false," and, therefore, to be re-
jected, according to the rules of the British Association.* It is true that
the bill sometimes appears yellowish in the dried skin, but in life it is
always some shade of purple or pink, whitish at the extremity. What-
ever it may be, it is impossible to identify McCall's C. solitarius with
this species. If his description was really penned from a specimen, his
bird has not yet been rediscovered, uo known ISTorth American Pigeon
corresponding at all closely with his description. In any event it cannot
be the present species, which never has " brilliant reflections" on either
neck or breast, nor the back or under wing-coverts "light-red color."
378. Ortalis vetula maccalU (Baird) Ridgw. — In regard to this
emendation of the generic name, see Wharton, " The Ibis," Oct., 1879,
p. 450. I flud the Texan birds easily distinguishable from Mexican ex-
amples (true vetuln).
380. Can ACE canadensis (Linn.) Reich. — Xoue of the American grouse
usually referred to Tetrao resemble at all closely the type of the latter
genus, T. urogallus, Linn. They ap^Dcar, in fact, nearly as distinct from
J'etrao proper as are Bonasa or FediceceteSj or other recognized American
genera. It seems scarcely advisable, however, to admit a genus "i)e;i-
dragapus'"' for the special accommodation of C. obscura in its various forms.
396. Charadrius dominicus, Mlill. — Miiller's name for the American
Golden Plover, dating 1776, should take precedence over fulvus, Gmel., be-
stowed twelve years later (1788), as the name of the species. The Asiatic
form should therefore be called C. dominicus fulvus (Gmel.)
* Cf. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Jan., 1880, p. 37.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIOXzVL MUSEUM.
400 bis (Appendix). JEgialifis cukonica (Gid.) Gray.*— This sup-
posed new species i)roves to be the Lesser Einged Plover of the Old
World, .Ji". curoniea (Gm.) Gray, the principal synonyms of which are
the following. It may be considered doubtful whether the specimen
really was obtained near San Francisco, as stated on the label.
Charadnns cnwuicnx, Gmel., S. N., I, 1788, (VJ2.
JE(j\aUlls mrouicuH, OIray, Cat. Brit. 15, 1883, 141.— Harting, Handb. Brit. B.
1872, 1154.
Charadrim philippiiiufi, Lath., Ind. Oni., II, 1790, 745.
CliaradriuH fiuviatilh, Beciist., Natnrg. Vog. Dentsclil., 1809, 42-2.
Charadritis minor, Meyer & Wolf, Tascli. Vijg. Deutschl., 1810, 324.
Charadrius intennedius, Men^tr., Catal. , 53.
Charadrim zonaius, Swains., B. W. Afr., II, , 235, pi. 25.
Mgialitis microrhyiichits, RiDGW., Am. Nat., VIII, Feb. 1874, 109 ("San Francisco,
Cal.").
408. Himantoims mexicanus (Miiller) Ord. — Miiller's name dates
3776; thirty-one years earlier than nigricolUs, Vieill.
413. Scolopax eusticula (Linn.) Wharton. — See ''The Ibis," Oct.,
1879, p. 453.
442 Ms (Appendix). NumepAus tahitiensis (Gm.). — The earliest name
for the bird afterwards named Numenius femoralis by Mr. Peale is
Scolopax tahitiensis, Gmel. (S. N., I, ii, 1788, p. 050, n. 22).
448. A.JAJA ROSEA (Briss.) Ridgw. — The American Spoonbill being a
7ery distinct generic type, for which Reichenbach proposed (in 1853) the
name Ajaja, it be(;omes necessary to change the si)e(;ilic name also.
There is not, unfortunately, any post-Liunaean synonym for this species,
with the exception of " Platea '•mexicana, Willoughby,' " as used by Gam-
bel in 1849 (Jour, of Philad. Acad., I, j). 222). Gambel, however, gives
no description; and, moreover, since the name ^^ mexicana^^ is simply
quoted from Willoughby, it seems best to adopt Brisson's very appro-
priate name of rosea, injustice to the accurate and complete description
of the species in the work of that author.
454. Hydranassa tricolor (Miill.) Ridgw.— If tlie Herons are to
be subdivided at all, it seems quite necessary to recognize the generic
name which, in 1858, Professor Baird proposed for this species (B. N.
Am., p. 000), the earliest designation of which is Ardea tricolor, Miiller
(1770).
455. DiCHROMANASSA rufa (Bodd.) Ridgw. — See Bull. U. S. Geol.
and Geog. Survey Terr., vol. iv, no. 1, p. 240.
400. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.) Stephens. — This appears to
be the earliest designation of the species.
*Am. Nat., VIII, Feb., 1«74, p. 109.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 11
46G« (Appendix). EaUus obsolctus. Ridgw. — This i)roves to be quite
distinct from R. elegans, being, in fact, more nearly related to R. longi-
rostris (siv^e '■'■crepitans'^'').
472. Gallimila fjaleata (Liclit.) Bp. — Quite distinct specifically from
O. chloropus, Lath.
473. loNORNis martinica (Linn.). — This species has usually been
referred to either Forphyrio, Briss., or Porpliyrula, Blyth, but it is exceed-
ingly distinct generically from both these types, particularly the former.
The generic name lonornis, instituted for its special reception, by Keich-
enbach in 1853 (Nat. Syst., p. xxi), seems to be the earliest one avail-
able.
488. Anas boscas, Linn.— See Wharton, "The Ibis," Oct., 1879,
p. 453).
489 a (Appendix). Atias fulvigula, Eidgw. — This bird proves very
distinct from A. ohscura.
526. Pelecaniis erythrorhynchus, Gmel. — This name antedates
'•Hracliyrhynclius^ Lath.," by two years, and, being no less appropriate,
there is no valid reason why it should not be retained. {Gf. Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Club, Jan., 1880, p. 36.)
525. Sula LEUCOGASTRA (Bodd.) Salvin. — See Salvin, Trans. Zool.
Soc. Lond., IX, ix, 1875, 496.
529. Phalacrocorax dilophus cincinnatus (Brandt) Eidgw. —
This is simply the large northwestern form of P. dilophus, no more
entitled to specific separation than var. Jioridanus, which represents
the opposite extreme of size.
In regard to the generic name of the Cormorants, it aj^pears that we
will have to use Phalacrocorax, Briss., instead of Graculus, the latter,
properly applied, having for its type the Gorvus graculus, Linn., = Gra-
cula pyrrhocorax, Scoj). {Gonf. Sharpe, Cat. Passerif. Brit. Mus., p. 146,
foot-note.)
547 h. Lams occidentalis, Aud.
548 rt. Larus caxifornicus, Lawr.
549. Larus brachyrhynchus, Eich.
The above appear to be quite well-defined and distinct species ; the
first more nearly related to L. arffinis, Eeinh., than to argentafns ; the
second much nearer to L. cachhinans, Pall., than to dclaaiarensu.
581. OssiFRAGA gigantea (Gmel.) Homb. & Jacq. — A very distinct
genus ft-om Fulmarus.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
580. FjiJEBT^TRiAfiiUginosa (Ginel.) Coiies.— Appears to be sufficiently
distinct generically from Diomedea.
583. Priocella tenuirostris (And.) . —This bird seems sufficiently
distinct generically from Fulmariis, and has been made the type of Pri-
ocella, by Hombron & Jacquinot (Compt. Rend., XVIII, 1844, p. 357.)
595. Priofinus melanurus (Bonn.) . — This species is the type of
the genus Priofinus, Houib. & Jacq. (t. c. p. 355).
600. Puffinus auduboni, Finsch. — The Procellaria obscura of Gmel. has
been determined by Dr. Finsch (see P. Z. S. 1872, p. Ill) to be a Pacific
Ocean species, distinguished from the Puffinus obscurus of recent authors
by its ^yhite underwing-co verts and other characters. Dr. Finsch there-
fore proposed for the Atlantic species the name auduboni, ns above.
601. Puffinis GAViA (Forst.) Finsch. — See Gigiioli & Salvadori, Ibis,
1809, I). GO ; Finsch, Jour, fiir Orn., 1872, p. 256.
603. Puffinus ORISEUS (Gmel.) Finsch. — Gf. Finsch, Joui\ fiir. Orn.,
1874, p. 209 ; Salvin, Eowley's Orn. Misc., iv, 187G, p. 236.
619. LUNDA cirrliata, Pall. — Sufficiently distinct generically from the
species of Fratercula.
623. Simorhynclius PYGMJ3US (Gmel.) Ridgw. — The Alca pygmcea of
Gmelin is unquestionably the young of this species, afterward named
";S^. cassinP^ by Dr. Cones. Alca Tcamtschatica, Lepechin, is the same spe-
cies in adult (winter?) i)lumage.
b. Species and Subspecies not in Coues's Check List.
SiURUS N^vius xoTABiLis, Giinnell, MS.
Ch. — Similar to S. ncevius, but much, larger. Wiug, 3.25; tail, 2.50; bill, from
nostril, .50; depth at base, .25; tarsus, .83; middle toe, .56. Above dark grayish
brown, the feathers of the pileum with indistinctly darker centres. Beneath yellow-
ish white, the throat thicklj'- spotted, and the breast and sides heavily streaked with
blackish dusky ; a superciliary stripe of pale fulvous, hardly extending back to the
end of tbe anriculars. Lores crossed by a distinct streak of black. Centre of the ab-
domen immaculate ; lower tail-coverts with central streaks of grayish dusky ; lining of
the wing smoky gray. Bill brownish black, the mandible growing lighter brown bas-
ally. Feet horn-color.
flaft.— Black Hills, Wyoming (Mus. G. B. Grinnell).
The plumage of this bird is in all respects, so far as I can see, quite
identical with tliat of ordinary darker plumaged specimens of 8. ncevius,
except that the superciliary stripe does not extend so far back and the
streaks on the breast are broader ; the former character may be merely
apparent, however, and owing to the manner of skinning.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 13
Parus ciNCTUS, Bodd. — In accrediting this species to the North Amer-
ican fauna, on the strength of specimens collected in Alaska by Mr. Lu-
cien M. Turner*, I inadvertantly called it "P. sibiricm, Gmel.," at the
time overlooking the priority of the name cinctus.
Myiarchus mexicanus (Kaup) Lawr.
Tyrannula mexieana, Kaup, P. Z. S., Feb. 11, 1851, 51. t
Myiarchus mexicanus, Lawr., Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX., 1869, 202 (nee Baird, B. N. Am.,
1858, p. 179).
??? Tyrannula cooperi, Kaup, 1. c. (Mexico). t
Myiarchus cooperi, Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, 180 (based on the above).
Myiarchus erythrocercus, SCL. & Saxv., F. Z. S. 1868, 631, 632 (Tobago «fe Venezuela).
Myiarchus yucatanemis, Lawr., Pr. Philad. Acad. 1871, 235.
Myiarchus oberi, Lawr., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., I, 1877, 48 (Dominica, W. I.).
Disclaiming any desire to prolong the discussion inaugurated by me
in Vol. I of these Proceedings (p. 139), I however feel called upon, by
Mr. Sennett's comments in his " Further i^otes on the Ornithology of
the Rio Grande" (Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Survey, Vol. V, No. 3, pp.
402-404), to offer a few" additional remarks on the subject.
The synonymy of Myiarchus mexicanus (Kaup) Lawr., as given above,
includes all the binomial synonyms of the species in question, so far as I
am aware ; and in view of Mr. Sclater's positive declaration (P. Z. S.
1871, p. 84) that " Tyrannula mexieana of Kaup is identical with Myiar-
chus cooperi of Baird," I do not see how we can avoid using Kaup's
name for the species. Mr. Sclater's opinion certainly cannot be set
aside, for he made actual comparison of Kaup's type specimen wdth the
very examples which Professor Baird called M. cooperi, and found them
" identical."
The name erythrocercus, Scl., was proposed three years before Mr.
Sclater made this discovery, and was, moreover, based on examples
from Tobago, Venezuela, and Bahia, and was described as " similar to
M. cooperi \i. e., mexicanus, Kaup], but much smaller," etc.
In 1871, Mr. Lawrence, being apparently unaware of Dr. Sclater's
identification of T. mexicanus, Kaup, with Professor Baird's M. cooperi^
and accepting the hitter's identification of mexicanus with his (L.'s) cin-
erascens of later date, redescribed the Mexican bird as M. yucatanensis ;
and in 1877, on the ground of certain differences of plumage and size,
separated (from M. ^'■erythrocercus") the specimens from the Lesser An-
tilles (Dominica) by naming them M. oheri.
* Cf. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Jan., 1878, p. 37.
t "I do not . . . hesitate to decide tliat Tf/cawnttZa mextcawa of Kaup is identical
with Myiarchus coopieri of Baird."— Scl., P. Z. S. 1871, p. 84."
t "What Tyrannula cooperi, Kaup, is . . . does not now much signify. . .
But it is not to be supposed that Professor Kaup would make two species of the same
bird in the same paper. Therefore, Tyrannula cooperi of Kaup is probably not ^yiarc^us
cooperi of Baird." — SCL., 1. c.
14 TROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Such is, ill brief, the history of the case. The poiut at issue, however,
is whether specimeus of this species from the Kio Grrande Valley in
Texas are to be referred to mexicanus proper or to an assumed race,
^^enjthrocercus.''^ The species was originally introduced to the United
States fauna nnder the name " M. crlnitus erythrocercus (Scl. & Salv.)
Cones " (Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Ter., Vol. IV, No. 1, p. 32), and
was subsequently mentioned by the present writer as " M. erythrocercus
var. coopcri " (Proc. U. S. Xat. Mus., I, 1878, p. 138), both of which I
believe to be incorrect — the former on account of the reference of the
sptcies to M. criiiitus, and, probably, in the use of the name erythrocer-
eus Instead of mexicanus; the latter, because erythrocercus is the subse-
quent name, and cannot, therefore, be used for the specific designa-
tion, while cooperi is also very doubtfully referable to this species. In
order, however, to present the case as briefly and clearly as possible it
will be necessary to discuss the several points separately.
First, as to the reference of this species to crlnitus : I do not see how
this can possibly be done without bringing in also 3f. cinerascens and
M. stolidus (see Hist. N. Am. B., Vol. II, p. 331); and even then I
much doubt whether crinitus and mexicanus ever intergrade, since I
have examined many scores of si)ecimens, but have yet to find a speci-
men that is truly intermediate.* There is, however, in Southwestern
Mexico a very small race of mexicanus, which can be distinguished from
cinerascens only by the extension of the rufous of the retvices to the
extreme tip of the inner web, they being in every other respect appa-
rently quite identical. There are several such examples in the national
collection, obtained in Tehuan tepee by Professor F. Sumichrast.
Second : It is much to be regretted that neither Dr. Kaup nor Dr. Sclater
give measurements of the type sx)ecimens of T. mexicanus, since we
might then readily determine whether this name belongs to the large
or the small race of the species as occurring in Mexico. Since, however,
Dr. Sclater remarks that "it (the said type) is certainly rather smaller
in dimensions than two of my skins of this species {i. e., "If. cooperi,''''
Baird), and has the bill smaller"; and that "a third specimen in my
collection, which I also refer to the (so-called) M. cooperi of Baird, agrees
very well with it in general dimensions, and has the bill even slightly
smaller," it appears very evident that Kaup's T. mexicana was not based
on one of the very large individuals of this species, but one of medium
size, corresponding to the Rio Grande specimeus. Further than this,
the individual variations among Mexican specimens of this species affect
only the size and proportions, not colors — at least not to any especially
noticeable extent.
Third : I find upon re -examination of all the material in the national
* In Hist. N. Am. Birds, Vol. II, p. 331, we predicated the intergradatiou of these
two species on the characters of au individual from Nicaragua, which, however, Dr.
Coues (Pr. Philad. Acad. 1872, p. 68) says, and which I also now believe, is not dis-
tinguishable from M. crinitus.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15
collection (embracing nnmerous specimens received since my last paper
was written), that specimens from the patria of erythrocercus proper
(Venezuela, Tobago, Bahia, and other parts of South America) are uni-
formly darker colored than the smaller Mexican examples, though they
may fully equal them in size. This darkness of color is carried to an
extreme degree in Antillean specimens, and constitutes, so far as I am
able to see, the sole distinguishing character of Mr. Lawrence's "ilf.
o&eH," as compared with the continental forms of the species en masse.
Finally, I therefore conclude that, whatever may be the character of
Central American specimens (of course they are intermediate), or
whether the name mexicana is to be applied to the larger or smaller race
of the Mexican bird (and the odds are strongly in favor of the latter),
that (1) the name erythrocercus should, ifto.be used at all, be restricted
to examples agreeing strictly with the South American "race," since it
is subsequent in date to mexicanus ; and (2) that the Eio Grande birds
are probably exactly like the type of the latter.*
NycUdromus albicollis (Gmel.) Burm. — As explained some years
since by Dr. Sclater (see P. Z. S. 1861, p. 10, and 186G, p. 144), the earli-
est name for this species is Caprimulg us albicollis Gmel. (S. jS^., I, ii, 1788,
p. 1030), the C. americanus of Linnaeus, quoted by Mr. Cassin (Proc.
Philad. Acad. 1851, pp. 179, 180) and some other authors (see Mr. Sen-
nett's two lists) being unquestionably a Jamaican species belonging to
quite a different genus {Siphonorhis amcricana). All the synonyms and
the more important references are given in iny notes in Dr. Merrill's
paper (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., I, pp. 143 and 144).
lACHE latirostris (Sw.) Elliot. — This species, introduced to the fauna
of the United States by Mr. Henshaw {cf. American Sportsman, v, Feb.
20, 1875, p. 328 ; Zoology Wheeler's Exp., Orn., p. 380) under the name of
Gh'ce latirostris, should be hereafter known by the above name, the
genus Circe being previously employed in anotlier branch of zoology
(see Elliott, Synopsis of the Trochilidse, p. 234).
NOMONYX, gen. uov.
Ch. — Similar to Erismatiira, but ditiering fi-oin all the species of that genus in the
form of the maxillary unguis, which is similar to that of Fulix and allied genera, the
same being in Erismatiira the most peculiar and important generic character.
Type, Anas domiiiica, Linn.
Altogether the most distinctive feature of the genus Erismatiira con-
sists in the remarkably peculiar conformation of the maxillary unguis,
* It seems proper to offer here a word of explanation in reference to the second
paragraph on page 40:5 of Mr. Sennett's paper, which says (referring to my remarks
on this species in Dr. Merrill's list) : '"There is no notice whatever of my specimen
from Hidalgo, Tex., . . . which is in the National Museum, and which is the first record
of its existence within our limits, and which Mr. Ridgway no doubt examined when
he coincided with Dr. Cones as to its identihcation." The explanation I have to make
is, that at the time m>i paper was written and printed t\\c. specimen in question was not in
the National Museum collection, but, with other birds, had been retiunied to Mr.
Seunett, at his request, for examination. '
16 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
or nail of the upper mandible. This, viewed from above, is extremely
small, narrow, and linear, the broader terminal half being bent very ab-
ruptly downward and backward, so as to be visible only from iu front
or below. With the sole exception of Anas dominica, Linn., all the
species usually referred to this- genus agree strictly with the type, Anas
leucocephala, Scop., notwithstanding other characters are more or less
variable. Anas dominica, Linn., has the nail of normal form, or very-
much like that prevailing among the ducks generally, and on this account
should be separated generically from Urismatura.
OESCRIPTIOIV OF A NEW SPECIES OF BIRD OF THE FAJUIIiT
TVttDtVJE, FKOM THE ISIiAIVH OF DOItlllVICA, W. I.
By GEO. N. LiAH^REWCE.
Margarops dominicensis.
Margarops herminiei-i, Lawr. nee Lair., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. I, p. 52.
Male. — Tlie entire upper plumage is of a rich dark brown, the
crown is darker and has the edges of the feathers of a lighter
shade; tail and quill feathers of a darker brown than the back;
axillars and under wing-coverts white ; the lores are blackish brown ;
the feathers back of the eyes and the ear-coverts have narrow
shaft streaks of pale rufous ; the feathers of the neck and upper
part of the breast are of a warm dark brown, those of the chin and
middle of the throat with light rufous centres, those of the lower part
of the neck and the upper part of the breast have also light rufous cen-
tres, but iu addition each feather has a light terminal spot ; on the
lower part of the breast and on the sides the feathers have white centres,
bordered strikingly with brown ; the markings of the breast-feathers are
squamiform in shape, those of the sides lanceolate ; the abdomen is
white, a fe:v feathers on the upper part are very narrowly margined
with brown; under tail-coverts brown, terminating with white; outer
feathers of thighs brown, the inner whitish ; " iris tea-color ; " there is a
naked space around the eye ; bill yellow, with the basal half of the upper
mandible dusky ; tarsi and toes pale yellow.
Length (fresh), 9 inches ; wing, 5 ; tail 3J ; tarsus, If ; bill from front,
if, from gap, IJ.
Type in United States National Museum.
Mr. Ober sent five specimens of this form from Dominica, all males
and closely resembling each other. It is probable, as in the allied spe-
cies, that the females do not differ in plumage materially from the males.
Mr. Ober's collection from Dominica contained three species of Mar-
garops which I never had seen before. These were referred to known
species, two of them, I think, correctly ; but the one which is the sub-
ject of this article I now find was erroneously considered to be M. hermi-
nierij Lafr. I supposed these species would be the same as those recorded
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 17
from the neigbboring isLiuds, as they agreed well with the descriptions
given of them, and there were no available specimens to compare with.
As soon as I bad finisbed the examination of the birds of each island
collected by Mr. Ober, they were placed in a box by themselves, and
not distnrbed again except for an occasional comparison. The collection
from Guadelonjje, containing specimens of the true M. hermlnieri, Lafr.,
was not received until more than a year after that from Dominica.
These specimens I labelled M. herminieri, Lafr., as a matter of course,
tliey being from the locality of the type. The difference between the
birds from the two islands was not observed at that time, as no com-
parison was made.
This winter, having occasion to review the species of Margarops, I
got the specimens from the different islands together for the first time,
and at once saw tbat the species from Dominica was quite distinct from
the Guadeloupe bird. It differs from M. herniinieri, Lafr., in being less in
length, of a more robust form, the bill stouter, and the tail shorter ; the
brown coloring throughout is much darker and of a ruddy cast, instead of
olivaceous ; the centres of the feathers on the throat and upper part of the
breast are much more rufous, and have black spots at their ends ; the ab-
domen is pnre white, whereas in M. herminieri the lower part of the breast
and the abdomen are covered with lanceolate-shaped markings, which are
very striking, each feather being white, with a strongly defined brown
border ; only a very small space on the lower part of the abdomen is
white; M. herminieri has the white ends of the under tail-coverts edged
narrowly wiCh pale brown ; in the new species they are white without
borders, and it has the tarsi and toes stronger and paler in color than
those of M. herminieri.
February 1, 1880.
NOTES ON A COt-I^ECTION OF FISHES FKOM EAST Fr<ORII>A, OB-
TAINED BY DR. X. A. HENSHAILIi.
By DAVID S. JORDAIV, M. D.
During the past winter (1878-'79) a collection of fishes was made for
the writer by Dr. J. A. Henshall, of Cynthiana, Ky., in the streams and
inlets of Eastern Florida. The number of species obtained was not
large, but the specimens were preserved in excellent condition, and
among them are several of interest. Two species {Gerres plumieri and
TJmhrina hroitssoneti) had not been previously recorded from the coast
of the United States. Three others were, at the time of collection, new
to science. One of these has been lately described, under the name of
Jordanella floridce, by Messrs. Goode and Bean. The others have been
already noticed by me in these proceedings as Zygoneetes ruhrifrons and
Zygonecies henshalli.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 2 April 26, 1 8 80.
18 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The marine species were obtained from Indian Eiver and from the
neighboring coast; the cyprinodonts, centrarchids, and other fresh or
brackish water species chiefly from San Sebastian River and tribu-
taries.
DIODONTID^.
1. Chilomycterus geometricus (Schneid.) Kaup.
URANOSCOPIDiE.
2. Astroscopus y-grcecum (C. & V.) Gill.
A single fine specimen of this beautifnl species. Dr. Henshall in-
forms me that this specimen in life exhibited strong electrical powers,
these powers apparently having their seat in the naked skin on the top
of the head. So far as I know, such phenomena have not hitherto been
ascribed to any fish of this family. I therefore put this statement on
record, in hopes that subsequent observers of this rare fish may be able
to verify it.
ECHENEIDID^.
3. Echeneis naucrates L.
A single specimen, with 22 laminae in the disk.
CARANGID^.
4. Selene argentea Lac.
Kumeroiis fine large specimens. Specimens lately described from the
Pacific coast under the name of Argyriosus pacijicus, Lockington, appear
to belong to this species.
5. Carangus chrysus (Mitch.) Girard.
6. Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linn.) Gill.
7. Oligoplites occidentalis (L.) Gill.
Several fine specimens of this highly interesting species. The character
of five (instead of seven) dorsal spines, assumed to distinguish Oligoplites
from Scombroides Lac. {Gliorinemus C. & V.), is perhaps of insufficient
value for generic distinction. Some of the species of Scomhroides have,
however, the dermal productions really scale-like, instead of the irregular
linear imbedded ridges found in Oligoplites. This character may for the
present, until all the species of the group are examined, be held to dis-
tinguish the latter genus.
SCI^NID^.
8. Umbrina broussoneti Cuv. &, Val.
Two fine specimens of this West Indian species were obtained by Dr.
Henshall. These are the first yet recorded from the United States. The
species is not included in Goode's Catalogue of Bermudau Fishes, nor
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19
in any of Poey's lists of the fishes of Cuba. It is, therefore, an im-
portant addition to onr fauna. Tliis specimen a<^rees very fully with
Giinther's descrij)tion of Vmbrina broussoneti, and with Cuvier and
Valenciennes's description of Umbrina coroides. C. & V.'s description of
U. brotissoneti gives the number of rays in the dorsal fin as X. I, 25.
My specimens have D. X. I, 28.
GERRID^.
9. Gerres plumieri Cuv. & Val.
A single fine specimen of this beautiful species. It has not been pre-
viously recorded from the coasts of the United States.
SPARID^.
10. Lagodon rhomboides (L.) Holbr.
PRISTIPOMATID^.
11. Lutjanus ca^s (Schneider) Poey.
A single fine specimen.
CENTRARCHID^.
12. Micropterus pallidus (Eaf.) Gill & Jordan.
Dr. Leon Vaillant (Mission Scientifique an Mexique: ined.) divides
this species provisionally into two, adopting the name ^' 3ficropterus
salmoides^^ for the ordinary form, and that of Micropterus miecensis
(Baird & Girard) for the southwestern form (Texas and Mexico). Ac-
cording to him the two are externally identical, but 3L miecensis is dis-
tiuguished by the presence of a small patch of teeth on the tongue, the
tongue being entirely smooth in the ordinary form.
I have examined a number of specimens in regard to this point.
I find lingual teeth in the following specimens :
(1.) Two specimens, one large one small, from the Falls of the Ohio.
(2.) One small specimen from a tributary of White River at Bloom-
ington, Ind.
(3.) One specimen (in the museum at Paris) from Texas.
I find them absent in the following :
(1.) Several specimens in Henshall's collection from Indian Eiver.
(2.) Specimen from Neuse River.
(3.) Specimens from White River at Indianapolis.
(4.) Specimens from Lake Erie.
The presence of these teeth evidently does not depend on age, and
apparently not on sex. It may be a specific feature, but I am inclined
at present to think it only a feature of individual variation. I have not
seen such teeth in the small-mouthed black bass.
20 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
13. Chaenobryttus viridis (C. & V.) Jor.
14. Lepomis pallidus (Mitch.) Gill & Jor.
Tho recent rejection of the name "palUdns^^ for this species by my
friend Professor Goode (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 139) is due to his
having overlooked the fact that Mitchell has a Lahrus pallidus as well
as a Bodianus pallidus in his Memoir on the Pishes of New York. The
latter, as Professor Goode observes, is Bairdiella argyroleuca; the
former is Lepomis pallidus.
15. Lepomis punctatus (Cuv. & Yal.) Jor.
{Lepomis apiatus Cope. )
Several fine specimens.
16. Enneacanthus obesus (Baird) Gill.
(Bryttus fasciatus Holbrook = Bryttus ohesus Baird ?).
^^ Enneacantlivs milnerianus Cope" is included in Goode's list (Proc.
TJ. S. Nat. Mus., II, 1879, 114) of the fishes of Florida. This species ap-
pears in my list of valid species of Centrarchidse in Bulletin X of the
National Museum. It is a nominal species, and came into the lists in
this way: While my paper in Bulletin X was passing through the
press, Professor Cope kindly sent me the proof-sheets of a paper on the
fishes of the Saint John's, which has since appeared in the Proc. Am.
Philos. Soc. In this paper a new species with the above name was
described. This species, however, Professor Cope saw fit to suppress
in the publication of the paper, he having identified it with Enneacan-
thus fasciatus.
MUGILID^.
17. Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz. White Mullet.
Our other common species of Mugil, the striped mullet, Mugil
plumieri and Mugil lineatus of authors, is doubtless the species for
which the name of Mugil albula L. should be retained.
SCOMBERESOCID^.
18. Hetnirhamphus unifasciatus Eanz.
CYPRINODONTID^.
19. Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean.
Many specimens of this interesting species were obtained by Dr.
Henshall. The females differ from the males chiefly in the lower verti-
cal fins.
20. Zygonectes rubrifrona Jordan.
Numerous specimens.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21
21. Zygonectes henshalli Jordan.
Still more abundant. This species and the preceding are very closely
related, and are both nearly intermediate between Zygonectes and Fundti-
lun. The current genera related to Fundulus are separated by characters
of very dubious value.
22. Fundulus sj).
A small specimen with pale cross-bars; not suitable for identification.
23. Gambusia patruelis B. & G.
Two specimens, agreeing with the descriptions of Gamhusia holbrooki
of Girard and Giinther, and with Girard's figure of Gamhusia patruelis.
The two species are probably identical. The black bars on the caudal
and the oblique suborbital blotch are characteristic color-marks.
CATOSTOMID^.
24. Erimyzou goodei Jordan.
Many specimens.
SILURID^.
25. Amiurus erebennus Jordan.
Many small specimens.
ANGUILLID^.
26. Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur) DeK.
A comparison of these Florida specimens with a series of eels from
Venice renders it evident that our American eel is not identical with
Anguilla vulgaris of Europe, as I with others have supposed.
In our species the beginning of the dorsal is notably more posterior
than in the European one. In Venetian specimens the distance from
the snout to the base of the dorsal is contained 3| times in the total
leugtli of the fish. In Florida specimens the same distance is contained
barely 3 times in the total length.
The same difference is expressed differently but correctly by Dr.
Giinther (Cat. Fish Brit. Mus., VIII, 24). He ascribes to A. vulgaris
the character of —
"The length of the head is nearly equal to the distance between the
couiineiicements of the dorsal and anal fins."
And to A. bostonicnsis (rostrata) —
'•The length of the head is conspicuously more than the distance be-
tAveeu the commencements of the dorsal and anal fins."
The band of vomerine teeth also appears to extend farther back in
A. vulgaris than in A. rostrata.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
NOTES OIV A COI^IiECTIOIV OF FISHE*^ FKOM SAINT JOHN'S RIVFR,
FliORIDA, OBTAINED BY MB. A. H. CURTISS..
By DAVID S. JORDAN.
A small collection of fishes from Saint John's River was sent to Prof.
H. E. Copeland and myself some years ago by Mr. A. H. Curtiss. As
this collection contains some specimens of interest, a list is here given:
1. Siphonostoma sp. {Synfjtudhus Auct.).
Two specimens of a variety or species of this genus, apparently imde-
scribed, are in this collection. I have specimens of three types, sub-
species, or species of Siphonostoma from our Atlantic coast, which may
be thus compared : »
a. fuscum Storer.
(Wood's Hole, Mass.)
h. louisianw Gthr. ?
Beaufort, N. C.
Saint John's River, Fla.
35. 38. 40
33; 37
30; 31.
18 + 37
18 + 33(rf); 20+38(?) .
Shorter than head
Dusky at base or plain. .
On 3 + 5 rin^s
15 + 33.
Longer than head
Dark-spotled at base . . .
Shorter than head.
Very high in females;
Base of dorsal fin
black, with paler spots.
On 3+5 rings.
Shorter than rest of head .
3 times in total length . .
9 times in length
J longer than rest of
body
Scarcely carinate
Much longer than rest
of head; longest in
females.
2i in leurfth
Shorter than restof head.
Distance from snout to
front of dorsal.
Head contained
Tail
Belly in females
2J in length.
7 times in length
A longer than rest of
body.
Scarcely carinate
7 times in lengiih.
^ longer than rest.
With a sharp black ca-
rina. Color darker and
body stouter than in
the others.
These characters are all evidently subject to much variation. If these
are true species, they dift'er from each other little more than the two
sexes of the same form dift'er.
It seems to me that the specific names /Mscits,/«sciati<s, viridescens, and
pecl'ianus are all based on individuals like those above noted from Wood's
Hole.
2. Aphoristia plagiusa (L.) Jor. & Gill.
3. Chloroscombrtis chrysuriis (L.") Gill.
4. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walb.) Gill.
5. Lagodon rhomboides (L.) Holbr.
6. Micropterus pallidus(Raf.) Gill & Jor.
7. Epinephelus sp. ? (One A-ery youug specimen.)
8. Orthopristis fulvomaculatum (Mitch.) Gill.
9. Gobiosoma alepidotum. (Lac.) Grd.
10. Chirostoma sp.
11. Hemirhamphus unifasciatus Ranz.
12. Fundulus sp.
13. Mollienesia latipinna Le Suenr.
14. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) Goode.
15. Megalops thrissoides (Bloch) Gilnther (Scales).
16. Lepidosteus osseus (L.) Ag. (Scales).
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ?3
NOTES ON A COIiT.ECTlOIV OF FISHES FKO.TI SAN DIEGO, VH L-
IFORNIA.
By DAVID S. JOIIDAIV aoid CHARLES H. GILBERT.
The writers have spent the greater part of the month of January,
1880, in the collection and stndy of fishes at San Diego, Cal., in the inter-
ests of the United States Fish Commission. As some of the species
obtained are new to science, and others new to the United States fauna,
it is thought advisable to present an annotated list in advance of the
j)ublication of a more extended report.
HIPPOCAMPID^.
1. Hippocampus ingens Girard.
One large specimiea seen.
SYNGNATHID^.
2. Syngnathus leptorhynchus Girard.
{Syngnathus arundinaceua Girard.)
Kot uncommon.
PLEURONECTID^,
3. Paralichthys maculosus Girard.
Very abundant. There seems to us no doubt of the correctness of
Lockington's identification of the '■'■TJiropsetta Galifornica'" with this spe-
cies. The caudal fin in the adult is somewhat double concave; iu the
yoiing the middle rays are more produced. This species is both dextral
and sinistral. Out of twenty-six examples examined in reference to this
point fifteen were found to be sinistral and eleven dextral.
4. Citharichthys sordidus (Girard) Giintlier.
Not common ; one specimen seen.
5. Hypsopsetta guttulata (Girard) Gill.
Common.
SOLEID^.
6. Aphoristia atricauda sp. nov.
Body oblong-lanceolate, anteriorly somewhat blunt, regularly nar-
rowed behind and ending in a point, the snout rather abruptly truncate,
eyes and color on the left side. Eyes A^ery small, nearly even behind,
the ui>per eye the larger and extending farthest forward. A single nos-
tril in front of the interorbital space and apparently a single smaller
one below it. Mouth moderate, extending to opposite the eye, somewhat
24 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
turned to ward the eyed side; lips large, not fringed, the upper with a
small blackish papilla in advance of lower eye. This is apparently nor-
mal, but it may be a detached piece of skin, hardened by the alcohol.
Upper jaw scarcely produced, not forming a hook. Teeth small, on the
blind side only, the edge of the jaw on the eyed side forming a smooth
ridge.
Gill-openings narrow, not extending up to the level of the mouth.
Scales very small, ctenoid, pretty regular over the body, much smaller on
the head, the rows of scales rendered very distinct by black dots, the
stripes converging towards the snout. Scales on the two sides of the
body similar. No lateral line on either side. About 105 scales (100 to
110) in a longitudinal series from the head to the tail; 45 to 50 in a
cross-series.
Dorsal fin beginning on the head, continuous with the anal around the
tail. Yentral fin of the colored side only present, nearly on the ridge of
the abdomen, and separated from the anal by an interval half longer than
the cleft of the mouth. Eays of the middle parts of the dorsal and anal
tins with a fleshy border at base on the blind side.
Dorsal rays about 100; anal rays 80; no distinct caudal fin.
Coloration brownish olive, with vertical dark half-bars, irregular in
size and position, some of them coming down from the back and others
up from the belly, these posteriorly nearly meeting, but anteriorly alter-
nating. Streaks of dark points along the rows of scales, these forming
very distinct longitudinal streaks. Posterior part of dorsal and anal
broadly edged with black. liight side plain white.
Measurements.
Inches.
Length 4.8
Depth (proportion of length) 275
Length of head , 18
Diameter of eye U2
Interorhital space 01
Cleft of mouth 06
Length of snout 045
Distance from snout to dorsal 085
Distance from snout to anal 25
Height of dorsal 08
Height of anal 085
Length of caudal 08
Length of % entral 05
Interval between ventrals and anal 085
Depth of gill-oj)ening 095
This species is known to us from a single specimen taken by a Chinese
fisherman. Ah Sam, in the Bay of San Diego. This specimen is now in
the collection of the United States National Museum, No. . In
form and number of scales, fin-rays, etc., it resembles Aphoristia or-
nata from the West Indies, but the ventral fin is remote from the anal.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25
BATRACHIDiE.
7. Porichthys poroslssimus (C. & V.) Giiutber.
Very common.
BLENNIID^.
8. Heterostichus rostratus Girard.
Found in the "kelp" outside the harbor.
9. Gibbonsea elegans Cooper,
A sinftle specimen taken in the rock-pools on Point Loma.
10. Hypleurochilus gentilis (Grd.) Gill.
With the preceding, and more common.
GOBIID^.
11. Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper.
Exceedingly abundant in the shallow Abaters of the bay. Only small
specimens seen, the maxillary in these being much less developed than
in the adult.
COTTID^.
12. Leptocottus armatus Girard.
Common in the Bay of San Diego.
13. OUgocottus aualis Grd.
Allied, but not closely, to Ariedius quadriseriatus Lockington.
Body compressed, especially behind, not much depressed anteriorly ;
head comparatively small, scarcely depressed, narrowed and rather
pointed anteriorly, its outline triangular as viewed from above; snout
strongly decurved in profile; mouth moderate, horizontal, the lower
jaw included; maxillary reaching to opposite posterior margin of pupil;
premaxillarj^ anteriorly beloAv the level of the eye; eyes large, high up,
close together, as long as the snout, 3^ in head, their diameter double
the "width of the deep interorbital space, which has a deep lengthwise
groove; nasal spines iirominent; a doep cross-furrow behind them, which
forms with the interocular furrow a V-shaped figure; preopercle with a
blunt process, on which is a spine directed upwards and outwards; no
scales on the head; no other spines on the head.
Branchiostegals G. Gill membranes broadly united, without isthmus.
First dorsal beginning in front of the posterior edge of the opercle,
its first two spines fet close together at base, diverging above, and
shorter than the third.
Dorsal fins contiguous, but not united, neither of them specially ele-
vated ; pectoral fin reaching beyond front of anal, its lower rays with
the skin tliickened, and projecting much beyond the membranes; cau
dal fin slightly rounded; anal i)apilla very conspicuous.
Fin rays: D. IX 10; A. 13-14; V. I, 3; P. IC; C. 10 +.
26 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Posterior i^art of body covered with miuiite, imbedded, non-imbricate,
pectinate scales, which cover most of the posterior part of the body-
above and cease anteriorly behind the middle of the spinous dorsal in
front and at the posterior third of the soft dorsal behind; some scales
also along the region of the lateral line anteriorly; a series of somewhat
larger but still minute scales at base of dorsal, one below each ray, and
another along lateral line ; anteriorly, cirri take the place of the i)ecti-
nations on the scales.
No prickles on the skin. On the head and anterior parts of the body
are very many long white, simple, bifid or trifid cirri, so that the living
fish appears almost "woolly" with them. Some of these cirri on the
nasal bones ; a patch between and behind the eyes; the whole top of the
head sparsely covered; two or three on the posterior edge of the maxil-
lary; edge of the cheeks fringed with them as with a gray beard. A
conspicuous row of them along the lateral line, which ceases somewhat
behind the beginning of the scaly area. A row of cirri along the base
of the spinous dorsal extending to about the seventh ray of the spinous
dorsal. Many scattering cirri between the dorsal and lateral line. Skin
of head with many mucous pores.
Body dark, clear olive-green, with about five irregular bars of darker
greenish; much mottled and spotted, some of the spots above clear
blue, some rusty red, and the most of them blackish. A dark bar at
base of caudal ; lower part of sides with round black spots x>osteriorly.
Fins all with cross-bars made of dark spots and lighter areas.
Measurement of largest specimen — from Point of Bocks.
Total length 4 iuclies.
Leugth to base of caudal 3.45 iuches.
Leugth of liead (percentage of length to base of caudal) 30
Depth of body " 25
Least depth of body " ■. 095
Diameter of eye " 07
Width of head " 20
Depth of head " 17
Length of maxillary " ; 12
Distance from snout to dorsal " 27
Length of first dorsal " 27
Length of second dorsal " . 37
Height of first dorsal " 12
Height of second dorsal " 15
Length of anal " 30
Height of anal " 13
Length of pectoral " 33
Leugth of ventral " 22
Length of caudal " 20
Length of longest cirri " 04
Length of anal papilla " OS
This description is drawn from two adult examples taken at Point of
Eocks, near San Diego, just south of the line of Mexico, and from about
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 27
fifteen examples of various sizes taken at the "mussel beds" on Point
Loma, near San Diego. These are numbered ? in the museum col -
lection. It inhabits cup-shaped pools in the rocks between tide- marks
lurking in the Coralliaa, and may be caught at low tide. Its quick
movements when alarmed render this, however, a matter of some difitt-
culty.
14. Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Grd.
Occasionally taken in the kelp.
SCORP^NID^.
15. Sebastapistes guttatus (Ginird) Gill.
i!^ot uncommon.
16. Sebastichtliys atrovirens Jor. & Gilb. MSS.
Occasionally taken in the kelp.
LATILID^.
17. Caulolatilus princeps (Jeuyns) Gilb.
Common in the kelp.
SCOMBRIDiE.
18. Sarda cMlensia (C. & V.) J. & G.
Abundant off shore in the fall.
PERCID^.
19. Paralabrax clathratus Grd,
Frequent.
20. Paralabrax maculofasciatus (Steindachner) Gill.
Common in the bay.
21. Stereolepis gigas Ayres.
Occasionally taken off the coast.
SPARID^.
22. Girella nigricans (Ayres) Gill.
The young common in the rock-pools.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
23. Cynoscion magdalenae (Steindachner) Jor. & Gilb.
Common in the bay of San Diego.
24. Menticirrus elongatus (Gunther) Gill.
A large species of Menticirrus, probably Umhrina elongata of Giinther,
is taken occasionally in the bay. We have obtained one specimen.
25. Corvina saturua (Girard) Steindacliuer.
Not uncommon.
26. Roncador stearnsi (Steindacliner) Jor. & Gilb. (gen. nov.).
Common. This species, having a serrated preopercle and only villiform
teeth in either jaw, is not a Corvina as that genus is understood by many
recent writers. Its relations are rather with Scicenops ocellatus, with which
it is, however, hardly congeneric. We propose to consider it as the type
of a distinct genus or subgenus, for which the name Roncador, applied
to it by the Italian fishermen, may be adopted. This word appears also
in the Latin name of a related species, Umhrina ronchus.
Roncador, gen. nov. Allied to Corvina and Scicenops.
Body moderately elongated, the head deep, the profile declivous, lower
jaw included; both jaws with a broad band of villiform teeth only; no
enlarged teeth or canines ; pseudobranchite present ; i)reopercle strongly
and evenly dentate posteriorly, entire below ; spines strong, the second
of the anal very robust, but not very long ; caudal fin lunate, air-blad-
der large.
This species, Roncador stearnsi, is as readily distinguished by the black
pectoral spot as its relative, Scicenops ocellatus, is by the black spot on
the caudal.
EMBIOTOCID^.
27. Embiotoca jacksoni Ag.
Common.
28. Amphistichus argenteus A^.
Occasional.
29. Ditrema furcatum (Grd.) Gunther.
Common.
30. Hyperprosopon arcuatum Gibbons.
Not uncommon.
31. Cymatogaster aggregatus Gibbons.
Very abundant.
32. Abeona minima (Gibbons) GiU.
Occasional.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29
LABRID^.
33. Pimelometopon pulcher (Ayres) Gill.
Yeiy abundaut in the kelp outside the bay.
SPHYR^NID^.
34. Sphyraena argentea Girard.
Yery abundant outside the bay in the fall.
ATHERINID^.
35. Chirostoma californiense (Girard) Gill.
Exceedingly abundant.
36. Atherinops affinis (Ayres) Steindachner.
Scarcely less common.
37. Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres) Jor. & Gilb. (geu. nov.)
LeurestJieSj gen. nov., allied to Atherinops Steindachner, but with the
teeth wanting or reduced to slight or deciduous asperities. In the spe-
cimens which we have obtained of this species no teeth whatever are
observable.
The much greater wddth of the posterior portion of the premaxillary
in Chirostoma, Aiherinops, and Leuresthes serve to distinguish these
genera from Atherina, in addition to the differences in the form of the
mouth. Lahidesthes Cope has, like Atherina, a slender premaxillary,
but the mouth is curved and the jaws much produced forwards. The
group called by Girard Heterognatlius has likewise a broad premax-
illary. It is probably not separable generically from Chirostoma,
although the lower jaw is much stronger and some teeth are present on
the vomer.
Leuresthes tenuis is occasionally taken in San Diego Bay, but it is
much less abundant than the others and attains a smaller size.
MUGILID^.
38. Mugil mexicanus Steindacliner.
Very abundant in San Diego Bay. Our specimens have the anal III,
8, instead of III, 7, as stated by Dr. Steindachner.
SCOMBERESOCID^.
39. Hemirhamphus sp. incert.
The young of a species of Hemirhamphus is very abundant in San
Diego Bay. We are at present unable to identify it with any of the
known species, but having seen no specimens over four inches long, we
30 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
do not think proper to describe it as new. The rays both in dorsal and
anal are 14 or 15 ; the lower jaw is contained 4 times in the total length.
It is allied to H. pleii and H. unifasciatus, bnt it is probably distinct
from both. '
40. Beloiie exilis Girard.
Occasionally taken. One specimen seen.
CYPRINODONTID^.
41. Fundulus parvipinnis Girard.
Very common in the Bay of San Diego.
ALBULID^.
42. Albula vulpes (L.) Goode.
This species visits the bay at intervals, in considerable schools. Sev-
eral specimens were obtained.
CLUPEID^.
43. Clupea sagax Jenyns.
Very abundant in San Diego Bay. The very largest are nearly plain
in coloration. The ordinary specimens have a very distinct series of
round, blackish spots along the sides of the back, with smaller ones
above it, which form stripes along the rows of scales.
44. Clupea mirabiUs Girard.
Very abundant in San Diego Bay. The vomerine teeth in this spe-
cies are very few and often not to be found. It should not be generic-
ally separated from the preceding.
ENGRAULID^.
45. Engraulis delicatissimus Girard.
Very common.
46. Engraulis ringens Jenyns.
Very common.
MUR^NIDiE.
47. Gymnothorax mordax (Ayres) Jor. & Gilb.
Not rare in rock-pools. This species is extremely pugnacious, strik-
ing at a stick after the fashion of a snake. It is also very tenacious of
life.
Length of tail almost exactly equal to that of the rest of the body,
head forming one-seventh of the total length ; snout short, narrow, and
pointed, occipital region becoming fleshy and much elevated with agej
dorsal fin beginning immediately in front of the gill openings.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 31
Tube of the anterior nostril half as long as the eye; the posterior
nostril with a slight membranous expansion, not forming a tube; diam-
eter of eye contained 2 J times in the length of the snout, being placed
nearly above the middle of the gape; gill oiiening slightly longer than
the eye.
Sides of the upper jaw with two seiies of teeth posteriorly ; the outer
series small, close-set, somewhat triangular in form, slightly recurved,
immovable; the inner series similar in form, but much larger, depressi-
ble, the series not extending so far back as the outer and consisting of
about five teeth; the two series separated by a well-defined groove; in
front of these, and continuous with the outer series, are three nearly
fixed knife-shaped teeth, the posterior the larger, next a movable tooth
similar to the last fixed one but smaller, and three small fixed teeth in
front. On the middle line of the vomer are three depressible, fang-like,
arrow-shaped teeth, the first rather smaller than the largest lateral teeth,
the othf^r two subequal and considerably larger, the posterior one very
freely movable. These teeth are subject to some variation in different
individuals, and are seldom quite alike on both sides of the same fish.
In the lower jaw is a single series corresponding to the fixed series in
the upper jaw. These are similarly enlarged in front, where the series
is partly duplicated and some of the teeth are movable. The teeth in
the lower jaw are broader and more directed backwards than those in
the upper jaw.
MYLIOBATID^.
48. Myliobatis californicus Gill.
(Bhinoptera vespertilio Girard.)
The commonest of the numerous stingrays in San Diego Bay.
DASYBATID^.
49. Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper.
Common in San Diego Bay. Probably distinct from P. Mrundo, hav-
ing a narrower disk and shorter tail, with distinct dermal fold above
and below.
50. Urolophus halleri Cooper.
Common. This species is certainly not identical with U. forpedinns,
in the synonymy of which species it is placed by Dr. GUnther. Its skin
is entirely smooth. It is probably a valid species, more nearly allied to
U. cruciatus than to U. torpedinus.
51. Dasybatis dipterurus sp. nov.
Allied to Basyhatis centrums and D. pastinaca.
Disk rhomboid, slightly broader than long; anterior margins nearly
straight forwards, meeting in a very obtuse angle; posterior margins
curved ; lateral angles rounded. Tail nearly half longer than disk, with
32 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
a conspicuous cutaneous fold below and a smaller but evident one
above. Upper jaw considerably curved, with a sligbt convex protuber-
ance in front, which fits into a slight emargination in the lower jaw,
which is convex, its outlines corresponding to the curves of the upper
jaw. Bands of teeth wider in front than laterally. Inside of mouth
behind the lower jaw with three fleshy processes. Teeth about f^;
about 8 in a cross-series in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower.
Color light brown, somewhat marbled with darker, but without dis-
tinct spots ; tail blackish ; belly white.
Skin everywhere perfectly smooth in all the specimens seen.
Measurements of two specimens.
No. 1. No. 2.
Length of disk (in inches) 8.75 8.50
Length of tail (in inches) 12.25 12.40
Breadth of dislc Percentage of length of disk 1. 01 1. 10
Distance from disk to dorsal fold " 45 ..53
Length of dorsal fold " 135 .155
Height of dorsal fold " 0175 .019
Distance from root of tail to anal fold. " 38 .375
Length of anal fold *' 30 .365
Height of anal fold " . 02>5 .0225
Length of suont from eye . = - " 21 .18
luterorbital width " 13 .115
Snout to scapular ridge " 32 .335
Distance between nostrils " 155 .15
Width of mouth " 11 .11
Length of branchial area " 195 .18
Widthof branchial area (in front) — " 32 .31
Mouth to vent " 70 .70
Length of caudal spine " (lost) .335
Distance of spine from disk " 35 .325
This species is known to us from four female specimens taken in San
Diego Bay. These range in length from 18 to 24 inches, and are there-
fore but partially grown. Several other specimens, some of them larger,
have been seen in a pile of refuse fish throw^n away by the Chinese fish-
ermen. These were, however, too far gone for preservation or descrip-
tion.
52. Platyrhina exasperata sp. nov.
Disk rhombic, about as broad as long, the snout prominent, but
bluntish at the tip, the angle made by the anterior margins of the pec-
torals rather less than a right angle, but the snout itself rounded at the
tip. Anterior margin of pectorals nearly straight.
Eyes rather large ; nasal ridges well separated, little converging, not
meeting anteriorly. Mouth rather narrow, slightly convex forward.
Teeth about |f . Nostrils with a large anterior flap, which projects back-
wards and covers a narrower posterior flap.
Ventral fins separate, entire, their outer margin slightly convex.
Tail depressed, with a broad lateral fold ; dorsal fins comparatively
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 33
large ; candal fin well developed ; under side of tail flattened with a
blunt medial ridge.
Under side covered with a fine shagreen, like the skin of a shark, the
roughnesses being triangular and closely set, depressible backwards ;
the skin below much as in Bhinohatiis, but the prickles higher and
sharper, the skin much rougher than in the latter genus.
The branchial region, from the nostrils to the pelvic bones, is entirely
smooth, except the lower lip, which has a band of close-set prickles.
A small tract in the middle of the pelvic area is pricklj', and most of
the abdomen proper, back to a point in front of the vent ; the anterior
and outer three-fourths of the pectorals below and about half the ven-
trals anteriorly and exteriorly also rough, as is the whole snout below,
in front of the nostrils ; whole lower surface of the tail and the surface
of the fins rough with shagreen.
Above, the entire surface is covered with close-set stellated prickles
of different sizes, largest on the base of the pectorals, and smallest about
the eyes and on the outer edges of the fins.
Besides these are several stout, bluntish, slightly recurved spines,
with stellate bases, placed as follows : One at the upper anterior angle
of the eye and two behind it, the posterior the larger ; a large spine on
the back at the shoulder-girdle, in front of which are two or three on
the median line, and a series on the middle line of the back of 10 to 12 ;
two more on the tail between the dorsal fins ; two series on the shoulder-
girdle, the inner of two, the outer of two to four. 'No other large spines
on the body, ^o claw-like spines are present on the pectorals in the
male examples seen, all of which are, however, immature.
Measurements.
Total length 8. 4 inches.
Length of disk, to root of ventral 4.4 inches = .51 of totall
Breadth of disk 51 "
Length of tail 49 "
Snout to scapular spine 295 "
Eye 05 "
Snout 11 "•
Interorhital space 055 "
Scapular spine to first dorsal 31 '•■
Length of first dorsal 045 "
Height of first dorsal 095 "■
Distance between dorsals 075 "
Length of caudal fin below 15 "
"Width between nostrils 12 "
Width of mouth 095 "
Snont to vent 46 "■
Width of branchial area 225 "
Length of branchial area .085 "
This species is very abundant in the Bay of San Diego, where about
twenty examples of both sexes, all very similar in size, were obtained..
This species of the Asiatic genus Platyrh'ma in the Avaters of the'
United States is a very interesting addition to our fauna.
Proc. Kat. Mus. 80 3 May 6, 188©.
34 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
RHINOBATIDiE.
53. Rhinobatus productus Ayres.
Very common.
GALEORHINID^.
54. Mustelus californicus Gill.
x\buiidaiit. This species appears to be identical with the Atlantic
Mustelus canis, itself iutlistingiiishable from Mustelus hinnulus Blainville,
of the Mediterranean.
55. Triacis semifasciatus Grd.
]^ot uncommon.
56. Galeocerdo sp ?
The jaAvs of a large shark, with the teeth similar in both jaws, triangu-
lar, oblique, deeply notched on the outer margin, and all strongly ser-
rate, are preserved by Mr. Pitcher, of San Diego. The shark was taken
near San Diego, but south of the Mexican line. The width of the
mouth is about a foot. I suppose this to have been a species of Gale-
ocerdo.
HETERODONTID^.
57. Heterodontus francisci (Grd.) Jor. & Gilb.
Common.
»ESCRIPTION OF A NJEW Fr<OUrV»ER (XYSTKEURVS l-IOIiEPIS).
FBOiri SANTA €ATII.flIVA ISL.A1VI>, CAL,IFORI>IA.
By ©AVID S. JOKa>AM and CHARI.ES II. OILBERT.
XYSTEEURYS LIOLEPIS, gen. et sp. nov.
Generic chakacters. — Subfamily Hippoglossinw, allied to Hippo-
;glossina, Rippoglossoides^ and Paraliclithys {Pseudorhomhus). Eyes and
color on the right side ; mouth large, oblique, with the teeth developed
on both sides, stout, unequal, bluntish, in a single series ; gill-rakers few,
short, thick, almost triangular; scales small, cycloid, membraneous, ob-
long in form; lateral line simj)le, arched over the pectorals ji caudal fin
double-truncate, the angles rounded ; dorsal fin beginning over the eye ;
anal fin preceded by a feeble antrorse spine ; ventrals lateral ; body ob-
long, moderately deep, rather thin.
This genus differs from Hippoglossoides in the arched lateral line, and
from Ilippoglossina in the cycloid scales and in its dextral habit. From
jnost of the related genera it is separated by the few stout short gill ■
rakers.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 35
Specific characters. — Form broadly elliptical, tlie profile contin-
uous with the curve of the back; ventral outline from chin to past the
veutrals nearly straight, the rest of the outline corresponding to the
dorsal outline. Head moderate, shortish ; mouth very oblique, not so
large as in ParaUchthyfi maculosns; the premaxillaries on the level of the
l)upil Avhen the mouth is closed, the maxillary reaching to the posterior
border of the eye ; maxillary broad ; teeth in a straight row, wide apart,
nnequal, conical, and blunt at tip, their number about ,.,,-, ,,• Teeth in
the lower jaw irregularly alternating large and small. In tlie n]>per jaw
similar, but smaller and less obviously alternating. The middle tooth
on the blind side in the upper jaw the largest.
Eyes large, close together, the lower slightly anterior; nostrils of right
side above and in front of lower eye ; upper nostrils turned over on the
blind side; posterior nostrils largest, with a conspicuous flap. luterorb-
ital space a narrow, elevated ridge, covered with very small scales; a
few scales on the posterior i)art of the maxillary, none on the mandible.
Preopercle with its posterior margin free, little movable ; cheeks and
opercles densely covered with small, oblong, cycloid scales. Branchios-
tegals 7.
Gill-rakers short, blunt, triangular, scarcely one-fourth as long as the
eye, their edges slightly dentate. There are about 7 of the large ones
on the middle and lower i:>art of the gill-arch, some rudiments above.
(There are about 24 long and slender gill-rakers in Paralichthys maculo-
sus.)
Lateral line without dorsal branch, with a broad curve above the pec-
torals. Scales quite small, oblong, cycloid, thin and membraneous ; little
imbricated except behind, and somewhat imbedded in the skin, with some
smaller supernumerary scales, especially below; scales much smaller
on the thoracic region than on the sides. Scales of right and left sides
similar. A series of small scales extending up each ray of the vertical
fius.
Lateral line with about 123 scales, pierced by tubes; number of rows
of scales perhaps a little greater than the number of tubes.
Dorsal fin beginning just in advance of the middle of the puj^il, its
first ray slightly turned toward the blind side ; some of the anterior rays
turcate; most of the rays simjile; the fin rather low in front, gradually
becoming higher to a point near the middle of the body, thence regu-
larly diminishing behind, the last ray being near to the base of the caudal ;
the caudal peduncle very short ; anal flu similar, its highest ray opposite
the highest of the dorsal ; a weak antrorse spine at beginning of anal ;
veutrals shortish, reaching i^ast front of anal ; pectoral of right side,
about as long as head, that of left side half as long. Caudal flu some-
what double-truncate, with rounded angles, the middle rays being pro-
duced.
Fin-rays : Dorsal, 82 ; anal, Gi ; ventrals, 7.
36 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Mcasurcineids of typical specimen.
(jf,,. , United States Katioual Mnsoum.)
Extreme len-tli 11.50 inches.
Leugth to base of ciuulal lin 9.90 iuclie8= 1.00
Greiite.st f h^ptli '*^
Least depth ^^^
Length of caudal pedunch- 0^^»
Length of head ^"^
Width of interor))ital area 017
04
10
Length of snout ■
Length of nnxxillai-y ■
Length of mandible H
Diameter of orbit ^^^
Distance from snout to dorsal ^^^
Length of base of dorsal ''^
Greatest height of dorsal , -1"
Distance of anal from snout '^'^
Length of base of anal -^^
Height of longest ray 11
Length of caudal 1'^
Length of pectoral (right side) .24
Length of veutrals ^^^
The typical example of this species was taken on a hook on the west
side of the island of Santa Catilina, Los Angeles Connty, California.
OESCKIPTIOX OF A NEW KAY (S»BLi ATYKMIIVA TRISEBIATA), FROM
THE COAST OF C AI.BFOBIVIA.
BY DAVID S. JORDAN AND CHARL.ES H. C^ILBERT.
PLATYRHINA TRISERIATA.
Disk broad-ovate, broader than long ; the snout very blnutly rounded,
not projecting ; the angle formed anteriorly by the pectorals very ob-
tuse; anterior margins of the pectorals slightly convex ; tail stout, in
form intermediate between i^aia and Bhiiiohatit)^, its width at base about
equal to the length of the snout and a little more than the interorbital
width ; tail much longer than the disk, not unich depressed, its sides
vertical, its lower lateral edges with broad horizontal fold, a slight
groove above on each side of the median series of spines.
Dorsal fins similar, higher than long, the anterior far behind the end
of the claspers ; the posterior free margin of both fins very convex, not
forming an angle. Caudal flu large, well developed both above and
below, its outline entire, elliptical. Ventral fins with their margins en-
tire, the claspers well developed. Pectoral fins extending forward to a
point but little short of the tip of the snout.
Eostral ridges wide apart at base, rapidly convergent, inclosing a tri-
angular area ; a slight translucent sjoace separates this from the opaque
pectorals ; e^es small, wide a])art, the broad spiracles close behind them.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37
Moutli broad, its widtli equal to the distance from its front margin
to tlie tip of the snout ; a deep crease passing around the mouth
behind, in front of which the lower lip has three folds of skin. Upper
lip not developed, a strong- fold of skin passing from the angle of the
mouth on either side to the inner angle of the nostrils, thence straight
across, joining its fellow on the opposite side, these folds enclos-
ing a depressed, subtriangular, / \ -shaped area, which is bounded
behind by the curved outline of the upper jaw. In this depression are
three transverse cross-folds of skin. jS'ostrils broader than the interval
between them, with a free fold behind, which is prolonged forwards and
inwards in the middle, the rest of the fold being turned backward. An-
terior edge of nostrils with a broad tlap, the outer edge of which is much
prolonged, overlapping the i)osterior flap, the inner edge covering the
inner angle of the nostril.
Both jaws strongly and somewhat regularly curved. Teeth numerous,
rather sliarp, about fj, about twelve in a cross-series. Gill openings very
narrow.
Skin everywhere covered with a rather fine shagreen, almost precisely
as in Uliinohatus productus. The asperities are smaller below, and
coarser on the outer anterior margin of the pectorals, where tbere are
also two or three irregular rows of sharp, curved, backward-directed
spines. Four strong spines on the tip of the snout, forming a rhombic
figure ; four or five strong, bluntish spines around each eye, above and
in front, the one at the upper anterior angle the largest.
A series of 22 very strong spines along the median line of the back
and tail, and two more on the tail between the dorsal fins. On each
side of the tail above is a similar series of ten spines, the first opposite
the end of the base of the ventrals, the last opposite the front of the
first dorsal; a single strong spine on the outer edge of the shoulder-gir-
dle and two between the spine and the dorsal series.
Color almost exactly as in Rhinobatus productus. Olive-brown above,
whitish beneath, the vertical fins paler. Eostral area and edges of pec-
torals somewhat translucent. No sharp markings of any kind anywhere.
Measurements.
Extreme lengtli 17.90 inches.
Length of disk 7, 25 inches = 1.00
Width of disk 1.09
Width of tail at base "^0
Distance between outer humeral spines 30
Length of branchial area .ir>
Width of branchial area in front - .34
Width of branchial area behind 28
Distance between outer edges of nostrils 21
Width of mouth 20
Width of interorbital area • 1^5
Length of eye 00
Length of snout from eye • 225
38 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
lAMi^ffb of snout from mouth ~~
IjCiigtli of uostrils t)7
Width of anterior nasal ilap '^G
Length of nasal flap 04
Distance from snout to first dorsal 1- ^^^
Length of base of first dorsal 09»
Height of first dorsal 18
Interval between dorsals *. 155
Length of second dorsal '10
Height of second dorsal 19
Height of caudal 175
Length of upper portion of caudal 455
Distance from snout to end of base of j)ectoral 83
Length of base of ventrals 23
Width of ventrals 20
Length of claspers 36
The type of this species, an adult male, was taken at Santa Barbara,
Cal., February 8, 1880, by A. Larco, an Italian fishermen. It is nuiu-
hered in the collection of the United States National Museum. Mr.
Larco states that this species is not uncommon about Santa Barbara in
spring and summer.
This species is probably related to Plafyrhlna sinensis, but it has little
affinity with Platyrliina exasperata, already described by us, from San
Diego. In color, form of tail, and character of the dermal covering it
resembles the Rhinohatidce, and its affinities with /Si/rrJiina, of the latter
" family," are evident.
OESCBIPTIOIV OF A NEW SPECBES OF "ROCK COD" (SEBASTICH-
TSI¥8 SERKICEPS), FBOItt THE COAST OF C AI^IFORjXIA.
By DAVID S. JOKDAN and CBIABI.ES H. OILBEKT.
Body rather robust, heavy forwards, compressed behind, the caudal
peduncle short and rather slender. Head large. Mouth large, rather
oblique, the maxillary reaching to opposite the middle of the eye; the
l)remaxillary anteriorly on the level of the orbit; jaws about equal, in
the closed mouth; teeth, as usual, in villiform bands on the jaws, vomer,
and palatines.
Top of head with the spinous ridges very thick and strong, their tips
bluntish, turned upward and outward; the spines on each side placed
nearly in a right line, so that the edge of the crown seems somewhat
regularly serrated.
The following j)airs of spines are present: nasal, preocular, supraoc-
ular, tympanic, occipital, and nuchal. The coronal spines (found in
jS. anriculatns and S. ruber) are wanting in this species, as are the i)ost-
ocular spines (usually present in jS. xnnriiger). Interorbital space be-
tween the spines narrow, flat, and coarsely scaled (the elevated ridges
found in S. nigrocinctus being wanting). The tympanic spines are
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39
stronger than in related species. The nuchal spines are as usual placed
close behind the occipital.
Preorbital bone rather broad, with a single obsolete spine directed
downward. Preopercle with five rather short and bluntish spines, the
second the larger, the three lower quite small. Opercle with two blunt-
ish, diverging spines. A blunt spine on the shoulder girdle above the
l^ectorals ; two sharp suprascapular spines. Subopen^le and lower edge
of opercle each with a blunt point. Preorbital scaly below. Maxillary
naked.
Eye rather large, its diameter about one-quarter the length of the
head.
Gill-rakers clavate, short, stiff, compressed, armed with bristly teeth
above and within. There are about thirty of them in all, those nearest
the middle of the arch longest and most perfect, the others gradually
growing smaller and incomplete. About half of them have the poste-
rior edge free. The longest is about one-third the length of the eye
(^ in S. melanops ; f in S. ])inniger). In form they are midway between
the tubercle-like gill-rakers of '•'■ Schastosomus'''' {S. imlanops) and the
long and slender gill-rakers in " Sehastomus^^ {S.2nnniger,flavidns, auricu-
latus, etc.).
Branchiostegals 7, the gill membranes, as in other species, little
united, without isthmus.
Scales moderate, essentially as in S. fasciatus and related species.
Lateral line with 55 scales.
Dorsal fin with strong spines, the fourth to seventh highest and sub-
equal, the lowest more than half the height of the highest. Soft dorsal
rather higher than any of the spines. Caudal fin broad, rounded.
Anal fin with the second spine robust, about as long as the third and
much stronger, the soft rays high.
Pectoral broad and rounded, its base deep, nearly one-third the
length of the head, its lower rays thickened as in S. melanops, its tij^s
reaching just past the vent. Ventrals falling just short of the front of
anal.
Fin rays: D. XII, 1, 13; A. Ill, 5.
General color dark olive, blackish on the head and back, the sides
somewhat yellowish; sides of body with black cross-bands which are
somewhat oblique; these bands are usually distinct, but are sometimes
nearly obsolete in dark-colored examples. The first band runs down-
ward from front of dorsal across base of pectoral; the second from
near the middle of spinous dorsal to behind the ventrals; the third from
the posterior part of the dorsal to the vent; the fourth and fifth above
the anal, and the sixth at base of caudal. Another black bar extends
across the scapular region and the opercular s}>ines, and two bands radi-
ate from the eye, obliquely downward and backward. Belly dusky
greenish; fins blackish, with a strong olive tinge.
Lips, mouth, froiit and lower port of the head, with a strong wash of
40 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
coppery red, this color fadiug out on the thoracic region. Base of fins
and different parts of the body sometimes with obscure small whitish
spots.
Measurements.
(i^o. ,*[Jnitecl States National Museum, from Santa Barbara.)
Extreme lengtli 10, 40 inches.
Length to base of caudal 8. 70 inches =:^ 1. 00
Greatest depth 38
Least depth 11
Length of head 35
Diameter of eye 085
Length of snout 10
Width of interorhital area 055
Length of supraocular ridge 05
Length of occipital ridge .06
Length of maxillary 18
Distance from snout to dorsal 325
Length of base of dorsal 57
Height of longest spine .13
Height of longest ray 155
Length of base of anal 135
Height of second spine .14
Height of longest ray .22
Length of caudal 205
Width of base of pectoral .11
Length of jiectoral 265
Length of ventral 24
This species is found in great abundance about the island of Santa
Cataliua, where eight examples were obtained by the writers. Another
was taken at Santa Barbara, where the species is considered rare by
the fishermen. It seems to be intermediate between the still rough er-
lieaded 8. nigrocinctus, on the one hand, and the smoother 8. fasciatus
and 8. mclanops on the other.
ON THE OCCUKKEIVCE OV C'EPHAr.O§CVtiIiIUM I^ATHCEPS (DIT-
MEKIS.) Ollil,, OTS THE COAST OF CALIFORIVIA.
By DAVID S. JORDAIV and CHARLES H. GILBERT.
While we were engaged in making collections on the coast of Los
Angeles County, CaUfornia, a shark was described to us by a Wilming-
ton fisherman ^s having the habit when cailght of filling himself with
air "till he was big as a barrel," so that if thrown back in tlie water he
wouhl float away on the surfiice, belly upward, etc., exactly after the
fashion of the species of Tetrodon. On cross-questioning, the fisherman
assured us that the animal was a genuine shark, with the mouth under-
neath and many sharp teeth, and that he had frequently taken them
near Wilmington.
At last one of these animals was brought in to us by a fisherman
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 41
named Vicente Leonardo, who took it in a gill-net oli" Santa Catalhia
Island. It i)roved to be a species of the genus CcphaloscylUuvi Gill,
and apparently identical with the type of the genus {ScijUium laticeps
Dumeril). This species has been hitherto recorded, so far as we know,
only from Tasmania.
The following is a description of our specimen (Xo. , United
States National Museum) :
Head short and broad, broader than long, and not half as deep as
broad ; snout very blunt, not projecting much beyond the mouth ; eyes
oblong, small, the spiracles behind them well developed ; no nictitating
membrane ] nasal ojienings not confluent, their flaps separated by a broad
space, the breadth of which is two-thirds the length of the snout ; nasal
flaps conspicuous, without cirrus; mouth very broad, not strongly
curved, with only a trace of labial fold at the angle ; skin at the angle
of the mouth thin, smooth, pale, and raised into little cross-folds.
Teeth similar in both jaws, small, sharp, with a long central cusp and
a small basal cusp on each side. About four series of teeth. Teeth
30 + 30
2r+27"
First dorsal beginning over middle of ventrals ; second dorsal begin-
ning behind front of anal and ending a little before end of anal ; base of
pectorals low and horizontal, the last two gill openings above them.
Oaudiil fln short.
Color dark grayish-brown, with five pairs of dark bars across the back,
their form irregular ; the central pair bounded by straight lines and
forming a cross-shaped figure ; middle i)art of each fin blackish ; entire
surface of body and fins covered with round black spots of different
sizes, these larger and less numerous on the belly ; on the sides are also
whitish spots, smaller and less numerous than the black ones.
This specimen was a female, with the ova nearly ripe. The stomach
when received by us was much inflated. The intestines contained num-
erous si)ecimens of a small gasteropod shell.
Other fishermen about Wilmington tell me that they take this shark
occasionally, about two or three times a year, and that when fully
inflated it is half as broad as long, a sta'.ement not hard to believe.
A fisherman at Santa Barbara, ]\Ir. A. Larco, tells me that he also
knows this shark. He has in his possession two egg-cases, with the
eggs, which he says were taken from one of this species. These egg-
cases are " wheel-barrow shaped," like the egg-cases of rays, and pro-
vided with long tendrils.
Measurements.
Leugtli 37 inch(?s = 1.00
Greatest depth (partly disteuded) 'i'i
Greatest width (partly distended) ~5
Length of head I."")
Greatest width of head IB
Length of snout (from mouth) 04
Length of branchial area 08
42 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Width of mouth 14
Diameter of eye OJ
Distauce from snout to lirst dorsal G2
Length of base of lirst dorsal 08
Distance between dorsals 09
Length of base of second dorsal 05
Height of second dorsal 0(55
Length of base of anal 0(55
Height of anal 0»
Length of caudal 18
Length of pectoral 21
Lenirth of ventral 11
OIV THE OIL.-!^HARK OF SOIJTHERIV CAI.IFORIVIA (OAIiEORHIIVUS
GAI.EJJS).
By DAVID S. JORDAIV and CHAKILES H. OILBERT.
Along the coast of Southern California a large species of shark ap-
pears in the spring in great schools. At certain places along the coast,
especially about Newport Landing, in the southern i)art of Los Angeles
County, the pursuit of this shark becomes a matter of considerable
economic importance. They are taken easily with a hook, and sometimes
great numbers of them may be surrounded and brought in with a seine.
They are valued for their livers and fins. A single liver when the ani-
mals first arrive, in March, will yield a gallon of oil. As much as 4,000
gallons of this oil have been procured at Newport in a single season.
The fins of this species are sold to the Chinamen, who find them a great
delicacy, and pay for them 12J cents a pound.
TJie present writers have succeeded in obtaining one of these " oil-
sharks," and find the species to be the European tope, Galeorhimis
galcns {Galcus canis and tndgaris of authors). It is singular that our
only knowledge of the occurrence of this sjiecies on the west coast of
America till now has been the indication by Dr. Giinther of the ]ires-
euce in the British Museum of " o. Young. San Francisco. From Mr.
Gruber's collection." Yet, in the waters of California south of Point
Conception it is doubtless more numerous in individuals than all other
species of sharks combined.
Measurements of an adult male otl-sharlc.
Length 63 inches = I. 00
Depth (greatest) ■. 14
Length ofhead 18
Length of snout (below, from mouth) 075
Length of snout (from eye) 08
Width of mouth 07
Length of spiracle 0075
Diameter of eye 025
Distance from snout to iirst dorsal 33
Length of base of iirst dorsal 073
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 43
Height of first dorsal 075
Distance between dorsals 25
Length of second dorsal 045
Height of second dorsal 04
Length of anal 035
Length of caudal 21
Distance from ventrals to pectorals 25
Length of pectorals 15
Length of ventrals 045
the: SUKF-SJIEIiT OF TBIE IVORTHWEST COAST, AIVD TTCSE IflETEaOD
OF TAIiarV« TBIEM BV TME QUILILEMIUTE irVUHANS, 'WES'T COAST
OF WASSIirVOTOIV TERS:iTORA'.
By JAI«E8 G. SIVAN.
Neeah Bay, Wash., Septemher 22, 1870.
Thirty miles south of Cape Fhittery, at the eutrauce to Fuca Strait,
AVashiugtoii Territory, is the Quillehute Eiver, a small stream empty-
ing into the Pacific Ocean near some rocky islets, the largest of which,
named b}" the Indians "Alikistet," and by the whites "James Island,"
is a landmark for the entrance to the little bay or cov e, on the shore of
which is the principal village of the Quillehute Indians, who collect
and dry for winter use a very choice variety of smelt {Rypomcsus oUchis),
which I have named the surf-smelt, from its peculiar habit of deposit-
ing its spawn among- the shingle of the beach, coming" in with the surf
in incredible numbers, and in this respect somewhat resembling the
capelin {MaUotus villosus) of ISTew Brunswick.
The surf-smelt closely resembles the common smelt in shape, size, and
the pecidiar cucumber-odor, but differs in having its belly covered witli
a coating of yellow fat, which imparts an oily appearance to water where
the fish have been cleaned or washed, and makes them the very perfec-
tion of pan-fish.
During' the' month of August, 1879, 1 was at the Quillehute Indian vil-
lage from the 17th to the 22d, with United States Indian xigent Charles
"Willoughby, and had an ample opportunity to witness the habits of the
surf-smelt and their capture by the natives. These Indians take them
by means of a i)eculiar-shaped hand-net of a parallelogram form at top,
five feet long, twenty inches wide, and from four to five feet deep, with
a curved handle.
The specimen net which I send is made of the fiber of the common
stinging nettle ( Jjrtica dioica L.), which grows in luxurious abundance on
the northwest coast near Indian villages and deserted camps. A spe-
cimen of the prepared fiber is also sent with the net.
The method of preparing the nettle by the Quillehute Indians, after
gathering a quantity and stripping off the leaves and twigs, is to dry
the stalks in the sun or on a frame in the lodge, near, but not directly
over, the fire.
44 PROCEEDINGS OF UNIPED STATES NATIONAL MUSELxM.
\'\Tieu properly dried, eacli stalk is split open and the shivc or woody
part broken by the band and peeled oft' from the outside skin or fiber.
This fiber is then spun or twisted into threads or twine, by rolling be-
tween the palm of the hand and the bare leg, a process at which the
women are very expert.
The Indians at present know nothing of the i:)rocess of rotting the
plant and breakiug it to get rid of the shivCj or of the process of hack-
ling the fiber, and as their method is so slov/ and laborious, they are
abandoning the use of the nettle as a textile plant, and nse twine, which
they either jiurchase ready made, or manufacture from cotton threads
raveled out from flour-sacks and spun by hand, or from jute, which
they procure from old gunny-bags which have been thrown away by
the whites.
I think if they could be taught the process of rotting the nettle and
preparing the fiber as the farmers of Kentucky prepare hemp or flax,
that they would soon be able to furnish a valuable article of commerce
which would pay them well for their labor.
The net I send will show the twine made by this most primitive of all
methods, and indicate the many purposes for which it may be made
available, but in order to be profitable it should be prepared in quan-
tities like flax, or hemp, which it greatly resembles.
The net stitch or knot for making the mesh was not taught them by
white men, but has been known by the coast Indians for ages.
Nearly thirty years ago I saw the salmon-nets of the Chiuook Indian^
at the mouth of the Columbia Eiver. The knowledge and use of nets
antedates the advent of the first white man, but in the manufacture of
the fiber and the twine they seem to have retained the most primitive
ideas, and never have advanced. What little twine they now manufact-
ure is made exclusively by the old women.
The peculiar shape of the net, and the curved handle, are to enable
Indians to best use them in the surf. A straight handle could not be
used.
The surf-smelt are usually most plentiful during the month of Au-
gust, and come in such vast number* that the water seems to be filled
with them. Captain Carroll, of the steamer Alexander Duncan, plying
between the Columbia River and Puget Sound, informed me that, on
the 24th of August, while on his passage from Astoria to Neeah Bay, he
ran through a school of smelts between Point Grenville and Quillehute
which extended nearly forty miles, and at night their track was made
visible by a bright phosphorescent light which enmnated liom them.
I noticed the same luminous appearance in the surf in Quillehute Cove
during each night that I remained there.
The smelts come in with the flood tide, and when a wave breaks on
the beach they crowd up into the very foam, and as the surf recedes
many will be seen flapping on the sand and shingle, but invariably re-
turning with the undertow to deeper vrater.
rnOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45
All examination sliowed tlie pebbles to be inenistcd with spawn, and
as ail the smelts I cooked were males, T concluded that the females had
first come in and cast their spawn and were succeeded by the males,
■who deposited their milt. 1 handled and noticed a great many, and
cooked several dozens on two successive days, but did not notice a sin-
gle female. This might have been purely accidental, and perhaps at
another time the catch would have proved all females.
On the first appearance of the fish, the Indians rush into the surf and
press the outer edge of the net down firmly on the sand or shingle, the
swash of the breaker forcing the smelta into the net. Then, as the
water recedes, they turn round quickly and hold the net so that the
undertow will force more smelts into it. In this way I sav/ them take
at least a bushel at a single scoop.
In their immense numbers, these smelts resemble the culachon.
{O.smcnis imcljicus) or candle-fish, which are taken in such enormous
(piantities at iSI^ass lliver, in British Columbia, near the southern bounil
ary of Alaska.
After every scoop, the Indian, if successful, empties its contents on
the beach, where the squaws and children quickly gather them into
baskets, and carry them to the houses, where they are strung on strips
of cedar bark and hung uj) to dry. The method of stringing them is to
take each one separately and pass a half hitch with the bark around the
head Just back of the gills. This keeps each fish separate, and enables
them to dry better.
The Quiliehutes still retain the ancient superstition, formerly so prev-
alent among the coast tribes, relative to their fish, that the first ones
must not be sold or given away to be taken to another place, nor must
they be cut transversely, but split open with a muscle-shell.
I was fortunate in obtaining quarters in the house of an Indian who
had a cooking-stove, where we cooked our rations as suited us. One of
the Indians of our party obtained some smelts, which he boiled for sup-
per, cooking them in the Qnillehnte stylo ; he gave me some, which I
fried. No sooner did the Quiliehutes learn that I was cooking some of
their fish than two of the head chiefs, Howcattl and Klakistokar, came
to see what I was doing, as they feared I would cut the fish with a knife;
but I fried them whole, and when they saw me take the nice crispy
smelts with my hand and eat them entire, without aid of knife or fork,
they grunted forth their satisfaction, and allowed me to purchase as
many as I wished to take away. But of salmon they would neither
give or sell. The fall run of the SaJmo cam's and Sahno proteus had just
commenced to come, and while they gave us all we could eat of their own
cooking, in their own houses, they refused to sell or give a single fish to
l)e taken away. They fully believed that if we took any salmon into
our canoe, all the salmon would desert the Quillehute Eiver and follow
us to Xeeah Bay, and if we had cut the smelts or salmon with a knife,
they all would inuuediately disappear in the ocean and never return.
4G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
I was unable to procure even a specimen of tlie salmon, but obtained
euougli smelts to forward some excellent specimens to Washington.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES G. SWAK.
Prof. Spencer F. Bated,
United States Commissioner Fish and Fisheries,
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
P. S. — I omitted to mention tbat the surf smelt are common in all the
salt water of Paget Sound, but I have not heard of an instance where
they run up fresh- water streafts to spawn, like the eastern smelt.
J. G. S.
%'OTS: ON Xnx: OCCUKREIVCE of PSSOWUCTUS C^IOAIVTE IJ!°$ IIV CAIi-
IFORi'VIA.
By C. A. T^^MITE.
Among a small collection of fossils sent to the ]S"atioual Museum by j\Ir.
Ludwig Kumlien, of the United States Fish Commission, from the valley
of McCloud River, Shasta County, California, are three or four large ex-
amples of Productus, which I am unable to distinguish from P. giganteus
Martin sp., the well-known type species of the genus as it is extensively
known hi European strata. They are preserved in a hard, dark-colored,
argillaceous rock, which is iiartly metamorphosed, and they are, there-
fore, somewhat imperfect; but portions of them show the characteristics
of the species very plainly. The largest of these Californian examples
was, when perfect, quite equal in size to the larger European examples
of i*. giganteus, having had a transverse diameter near the hinge of not
less than 140 millimeters, or o.J inches.
A small collection of fossils was sent by mail from the same locality in
1S77 by Mr. Livingston Stone, the species of which w^ere recognized as
of Carboniferous age, but P. giganteus was not among them, although
the later collections indicate that they occur iu the same strata. These
associated forms of both collections are too imperfectly preserved for
specific determination, but the genera Fcnestella, Streptorhynchus, Spiri-
gera Camaro])horia, Allorisma, and Euomphalus are more or less satis-
factorily recognized. They all together plainly indicate tho Carbonif-
erous age of the strata from which they come, which fact was also
previously known through the reports of Trask and Whitney.
This, so far as I am aware, is the first discovery of P. giganteus in
American strata. It is not a little remarkable that it should be found
in the western portion of the continent and not in the middle and east-
ern portions, where the Carboniferous system is so well developed, and
where several European species of Carboniferous brachiojioda are recog-
nized.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITi:D STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47
Fig. 1, on Plate , represents one of the examples referred to, tlie
principal portion of the figure showing a natural cast of the dorsal valve,
with the umbonal portion of the ventral valve. In this figure the full
length of the shell from back to front is not shown, but it is represented
in the accompanying diagram, Fig. 2.
WASHiNGrTON, D. C, December 3, 1879.
note: on acrothejlc:.
By C. A. IVHITE.
Among the fossils collected from Primordial strata at Antelope Sprang,
Southern Utah, by Mr. G. K. Gilbert and Mr. E. E. Howell, who were
then connected with the explorations and surveys west of the 100th
meridian, were a number of examples of a discinoid brachiopod. This
form I described and figuea* under the name of Acrotretnf suhsidua,
referring it to that genus provisionally. None of the examples were in
a condition to show all the generic characters clearly, but certain fea-
tures in these shells indicated their possession of important differences
from any genus then established and led me to suggest that they prob-
ably represented a new generic type. In the same year, 187G, Prof. G.
Linnarsson, of Stockholm, Sweden, i^ublishedt a new generic form from
the Primordial rocks of Sweden, under the name of AcrotlieJe^ which
Ijlainly includes Acrotreta f subsidiia White. Professor Linnarsson des
cribed two Swedish si)ecics under this generic name {A. coriacea and A.
granulata), and in 1879 he published a third species under the name of
A. mtermedia^X but A. sulmdua is at present the only known Ameiican
species. It is not unlikely, however, that some of the American species
heretofore referred to Discina will be found to belong to Acrothele.
Washington, D. C, February 1, 1880.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CRETACEOUS PINNA FROM NEW
MEXICO.
By C. A. WHITE.
Pinna stevensoni.
Shell large, elongate-triangular in marginal outline; valves moder-
ately convex; the convexity being slight and nearly uniform poste-
riorly, but much greater toward the front, where it amounts to an obtuse
median angularity upon each valve, and wheie a transverse section of
the shell has an approximately regular rhombic outline; upper border
* Expl. and Sur. West of the lOOMi Merid., Vol. IV, p. 34, pi. I, fig. 3, a, b, c, aud d.
t BihaDg till k. Svenska Vet. Akad Handlingar, Baud 3, No. 12, p. )iO, pi. IV, figs.
44-52.
tSveriges Geologiska Undersokuiug; Ser. C. Afhaud. och Upps. No. 35, p. 25, pi.
iii, figs. 40-44.
48 PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Straight or nearly so ; lower border slightly convex and longer than the
upper border; posterior border nearly straight or slightly convex, trun-
cating the shell obliquely downward and backward, meeting the upper
b;)rder at a more or less distinct obtuse angle and the lower border by
an abrupt curve. Surfiice marked by abundant coarse lines and imbri-
cations of growth, which traverse the shell in slightly curved lines corre-
sponding with the posterior border, and is apparently without trace of
any radiating lines or ribs.
Entire length from beak to postero-basal extremity about 215 milli-
meters ; breadth, from the postero-dorsal extremity to the base, meas-
ured at right angles Avith the upj^er border, 95 millimeters.
This ehell is so unlike aay described American species that no detailed
comparison with any of them is necessary ; but it is so closely related
to F. legeriensis d'Orbigny, from the dejiartment of Sarthe, France, that
it is not without some hesitation that I have decided to i)ropose a sepa-
r;!te specific name. 1 have never had an opportunity to examine any
of the few examples of P. legeriensis that have teen discovered, and
my comparisons are therefore only with the descrii)tion and figures of
d'Orbigny, in Pal. Frangaise, Vol. Ill, p. 257, pi. 334. From these it
appears that our shell differs from P. legeriensis in the following x)articu-
lars. The angle of divergence of the upper and lower margins is not so
great, in consequence of which the breadth of the shell is not propor-
tionally so great ; the curve by which the posterior border meets the
lower border is more abrupt, and the greatest transverse diameter of the
shell is near the median line instead of being much below it, as it is rep-
resented to be in P. legeriensis. The internal median grooves upon each
valve, and also the undulations of the lower border, mentioned by d'Or-
bigny, appear to be entirely wanting in our shell.
Position and locality. — Cretaceous strata ; about 1 J miles southwest-
ward from Fort Wingate, Northern New Mexico, where it was collected
by Mr. James Stevenson^ in whose honor the specific name is given.
Washington, D. C, February 15, 1880.
NOTE OIV THE OCCURBEIVCE OF STBl€Ifct,AIVI>S]\IA SAI.TERS AND
S. I>AVni!>S»I\5 IIV <~,iJE:OISOSA.
By C. A. WC3ITE.
A few months ago Lieut. A. W. Vogdes, United States Army, gave
me a few fragmentary fossils from a collection which he had then lately
made at Taylor's Ridge, in the town of Ringgold, Catoosa County,
Georgia. Tlie other fossils of this collection and the geology of the
region referred to were discussed by Lieutenant Vogdes in the Decem-
ber, 1879, number of the American Journal of Science and Arts, pp.
475-477. He there refers, and doubtless correctly, the horizon from
which he obtained the fossils he gave me to that of the Clinton Group
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49
of New York. They are in the condition of natural casts in fine-grained
sandstone, but I have quite satisfactorily identified a dorsal valve of
StricJclandinia salteri and one of B. davidsoni Billings. If these two spe-
cies are correctly identified, as they appear to be, their discovery in
Georgia is especially interesting, because they have hitherto been found
only in strata of the island of Anticosti ; and also of the indication which
they and their associates in the two regions named afford as to the
equivalency of the Georgia, Clinton, Anticosti strata in America; and
Upper Llandovery strata of Great Britain.
Washington, D. C., February 15, 1880.
I>ESCEIE*TION OF A IVE"W FIjOUIVUER (PILEUUOIVICBITHYS VEBTI-
CAl^IS), FB©M TEJE COAST ©E CAILIFOKNIA, AVITM NOTES OIV
OTJaEK SIPECflES.
By ©AVI© S. JOKDATV aiiad CIIAB1,ES H. GIIiBERT>
Pleuronichthys verticalis sj). nov.
Form broad ovate, the outlines regular; head small, somewhat con-
stricted behind the upper eye; eyes large, but smaller than in P.
qnadrituhcrculatus. luterorbital ridge narrow; a small tubercle or
prominence in front of the upper eye; a large one in front of upper
edge of lower; another larger and sharper at interior edge of the in-
terocular space ; another at the posterior edge of the interocular spine
ridge. This latter is developed into a long, sharp, triangular spine,
which is nearly as long as the pupil, and is directed backwards. A
prominent tubercle at the posterior lower angle of the upper eye. Upper
edge of opercle somewhat uneven, but no other tubercles present.
IMouth small, as in other species; the lips thick, with lengthwise
plicae
Teeth in a broad band on the left (blind) side of each jaw ; no teeth
on the right side in either jaw. Gill-rakers very small, weak, and flex-
ible, about ten in number. Scales essentially as in the other species,
small, cycloid, imbedded, and scarcely imbricated. Lateral line nearly
straight, with an accessory branch which extends to the middle of the
dorsal fin.
Dorsal fin beginning on the blind side at the level of the premaxillary,
there being but about four of its rays on the left side of the median line.
Vertical fins less elevated than in the other species, the longest rays of
the dorsal about half the length of the head. Anal fin preceded by a
spine. Caudal peduncle short and deep. Caudal fin elongate, rounded
behind. Pectoral short, nearly equal. Yentrals moderate, reaching
anal spine.
Fin rays : D. G5 ; A. 45.
Color dark olive-brown, Avith round grayish spots, the body and fins
mottled with blackish.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 4 jTIay 6, 1 8 80.
50 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Tbe type, No.
-, Uuited States National Museum, was taken
in a trawl-net outside of the Golden Gate, and was procured by us in
the San Francisco market.
There are apparently three species of the genus Pleuroniclithys, as
restricted by Gill, in the waters of California.
One of these is the common species in the San Francisco markets at
present, being taken in some abundance in the trawl-nets off Point
Eeyes and the Farallones. This species is the Pleuronichthi/s coenosus
of Lockington's Memoir (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, 97), and, as
Lockiugton suggests, it is probably identical with the Pleuronectes
quadrituberculatus of Pallas. For this form we accept provisionally
the name quadrituberculatus.
A second species occurs farther south, two specimens having been
procured by us at Santa Catilina Island, and one at San Luis Obispo.
This form answers better than the ])receding to Girard's description
of his Pleuronichthys coenosus, and it may for the present be identified
with it. The specimen noticed by Lockington as " No. 4," " with the
dorsal not continued downward nearly so far as the others," perhaps
belongs to this species.
The third species is P. verticalis, described above.
The species may be readilj' sepai'ated, so far as we have observed, by
the following characters :
•Dorsal fin begiuuing on the level of the lower lip, about ten of its anterior rays
being on the left side ; ocular region with four or more blunt prominences or
tubercles, arranged as follows: one in front of upper eye, another at each end
of the interorbital ridge, the posterior largest, but not spine-like, one behind
the latter, and one or two more behind the upper eye ; upper part of opercle
uneven; lower jaws with a band of teeth on the right side similar to that on
the left side, but narrower; fins high, D. 72, A. 46 Quadrituberculatus.
* * Dorsal fins beginning on the level of the ui)j)er lip, only four or five of its rays being
on the left side of the median line.
t Posterior prominence of interocular ridge developed as a strong backward-
directed spine ; tubercular prominences present about the upper eye ; no teeth
on right side of lower j aw ; fins rather low, D. 65, A. 45 Verticalis.
tt Posterior prominence of interocular ridge scarcely elevated ; other dcular tuber-
cles obsolete; teeth ?; fins high, D. 68, A. 48 Ccenosus.
Measurements.
Verticalis.
QitadriUiberculatui.
Kxtreme length, in inches
Length to base of caudal, in inches = 1.00
1^0(1 J', f^reatent depth
Body, least depth of tail
Head, length
Head, diameter of orbit
Dorsal, distance from first ray to median line
Dorsal, greatest height
Anal, greatest height
Caudal, length
I'cctoral, length
Ventral, length
9.20
7. 50 = 1.00
.54
.U
.24
.07
.055
.13
.13
.255
.135
.11
11.85
9. 20 = 1. 00
.62
.13
.28
.083
.11
.19
.18
.28
.18
.11
PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 51
A second exanijile of Xystrcurys liolcpis, taken at Santa Barbara, is
sinistral. The species is, therefore, like FaraUchthys maculosus and
riatklithys stellatus, both dextral and sinistral. In the second example
the small accessory scales are extremely numerous.
Two more examples of the species, noticed by us as Platysomatichthys
stomias, have been obtained in trawl-nets from near the Farallones.
This species is apparently not conj^^eneric with Platysomatichthys liippo-
glossoiiles, differing in the long and slender gill-rakers and the ctenoid
scales, as well as in the dentition, narrow interorbital space, and other
minor details. The large teeth in both jaws, and the small teeth in the
outer row in the ui^ijer jaw, are distinctly arroiv-shaped, being abruptly
widened toward the tip, thence acutely triangular.
We propose to consider this species as the type of a distinct genus,
which may be termed AtherestheSy from the arrow-shaped teeth. It may
be thus defined :
Atheresthes geu. nov.
Eyes and color on the right side. Body long and slender, closely
compressed, tapering into a long and slender caudal peduncle. Mouth
extremely large, oblique, the long and narrow maxillary extending
beyond the eye. Both jaws with two irregular series of unequal, sharp
teeth, which are anteriorly long and slender, posteriorly short. All the
long teeth of both jaws, and the outer series of small teeth in the upper
jaw, arrow-shaped. Some of the anterior teeth freely depressible. In-
terorbital space narrow. Gill-rakers long and strong, numerous. Scales
comparatively large, ciliated, thin, and readily deciduous, those on the
blind side similar, smooth. Lateral line without arch. Fins low and
rather fragile, the dorsal beginning over the eye, its anterior rays low.
Caudal lunate ; no anal spine. Pectorals and ventrals small, the latter
both lateral.
Type, Platysomatichthys stomias Jor. & Gilb.
IVOTES ON SHARKS FROi^I THE COAST OF €AL,IFORIVIA
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHAS. II. OILBSRT.
The following species of sharks, not hitherto recorded from the Pacific
coast of the United States, have been observed by the writers during
the present winter (1880) :
1. Isurus oxyrhynchus Rafinesque. (?)
The jaws of a species of Isurus were obtained by us at San Pedro, the
shark having be6n taken off Santa Catilina Island. The teeth agree
essentially with those of Isurus oxyrhynchtis {Lamna spallanzani of
authors). Isurus glaucus has, however, also the same dentition, hence
we are unable exactly to determine the species.
\
52 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
2. Carcharodon rondeleti Miiller & Kenle.— Man-eater Shark.
A large individual of this species was lately harpooned at the whaling
station of Point Carmelo, near Monterey. Its jaws, now in the posses-
sion of Mr. A. C. Keating, a druggist at Monterey, are about two feet
across.
Schools of this species are said to be occasionally noticed in the open
sea from Monterey southward.
3. Cetorhinus maximus (Linnajus) Blamville.— Basking Shark; Ground Shark.
An individual of this species, 31 feet in length, was taken March 25
by the whalers at Monterey, and another somewhat larger on March
26. Several others were noticed, but only two were secured. We are
told that eighteen or twenty years ago several of them were taken at
Monterey, since which time few or none have been noticed in the bay.
4. Carcharhinus glaucus (L.) Blamville. — Blue Shark.
A young individual of this species, taken in San Francisco Bay, is in
the museum of the California Academy of Sciences. A " Blue Shark "
is found in the open sea along the southern coast of California, but I do
not know whether it is this species.
5. Galeorhinus galeus (Li.) Bl.iiuville.
As already noticed, this species is the most abundant shark of South-
ern California. It is common at Santa Barbara, and I am told is not
unfrequently taken at Monterey.
6. Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Henle. — Man-eater Shaj-k.
As already noticed by us, jaws of an individual of this species were
seen by us at San Diego, near which place the animal was obtained.
7. Ceplialoscyllium laticeps (Dum^ril) Gill. — Ground Shai-k.
The occurrence of this species at San Pedro has been already noticed
by us. At Santa Barbara it is, next to Triads semifasciatus, the most
abundant of the sharks. It is there taken daily in the lobster-pots set
for the " craw-fish " {Palinurus interruptus). Its habit of inflating itself,
when caught, by swallowing air, is very remarkable.
8. Pleuracromylon laevis (Eisso) Gill.
Two specimens of this si)ecies have been obtained by us at Monterey.
One of them, a female, taken March 2C, had the young about 8 inches
long, each of them connected by a long umbilical cord to a placenta
which is attached to the uterus. The occurrence of this shark, in con-
nection with its relative, Mustelus hinmdus {vulgaris, canis, etc.), on the
Pacific coast, is very interesting.
March 26, 1880.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53
ON THE GENEKIC RELATIONS OF PliATTKHBNA EXASPERATA.
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARLES II. GILBERT.
A short time siuce a small ray was described by the present writers,
from San Die.c^o, under the name of Platyrhina exas])erata. (Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mns. 1880, .) Soon after a second species was described by ns,
from Santa Barbara, as PlatyrJiina triseriata. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
1880, .)
The two species are certainly not congeneric. The former species has
the skin above covered with stellated prickles of difierent sizes, and re-
sembles the genus Eaia. The latter is covered over by a uniform line
shagreen, and resembles the species of syrrMna and rliinohatus. So far
as we can ascertain from the description given by Dumdril and Giinther
of Platyrhina sinensis and Platyrhina schcenleini, these two species agree
with Platyrhina triseriata in the character of the dermal covering, as well
as in form of body. We propose therefore to consider Platyrhina exas-
perata as the type of a distinct genus, Zapteryx, distinguished from Pla-
tyrhina by the presence of detached, unequal, stellated prickles on the
skin above, instead of the uniform shagreen covering found in Platyrhina,
and from Eaiahj the convex outline of the ventrals and by the greater
development of the dorsal and caudal fins. In Baia the ventrals are
always emarginate.
March 26, 1880.
RE^TIARKS ON THE SPECIES OF THE OENUS CHIRITS FOUND IN
SAN FRANCISCO MARKET, INCEIJHING ONE HITHERTO UNDE-
SCRIBEO.
By W. W. tOCKINGTOX.
Four species of the genus Chirus occur in the markets of this city.
The two most abundant of these are C. constellatus and C. guttatiis
Grd. Of the others, one is C. pictus Grd., while the other has until
now remained undescribed.
C. pictus is separated from the others by some sufficiently obvious
external characters, beside those of color, as will be evident from the
subsequent remarks, but the writer is unable to find any constant char-
acter except that of the coloration by which to distinguish the other
three species.
As, however, he has now seen several hundred examj)les of C. guttatus
and C. constellatus, and a large number of both the other species, and
as, notwithstanding the considerable variation in the size, number, and
position of the marking of each species, neither on any occasion shows
the slightest tendency to approach the pattern of another, he submits
that in this group the pattern of the coloration may be considered
specific.
54
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Difficult though it may be to prove upou piiper the distinctness of
these forms, there do not exist on this coast any other four species be-
longing to one group which can be so unerringly separated by the eye.
Diagnosis.
Sides with purple blotches;
pectorals barred.
■C.picim,
lenscth.
Suborbital stay scaleless; di-
ameter of orbit about roTj of
total length.
r I
I round spots surroundiuj^ areas |
I of lighter color thau the general '> C. consteUatus.
I ground ; pectorals sharply spot- 1
Suborbital stay scaly ; diam- | ted. J
eter of orbit about you of total ^ Sides with irregularly scat- i
tered circular or subcircular ^ C. guttatus.
spots ; pectorals nearly i)lain. j
Sides with irregularly shaped )
blolches, disposed in live or six ^ C. maculo-sei'iatus
^longitudinal series. )
C. pictus.
This form is more inconstant in the number of its tin-rays and in
the coloration than any of the others.
Six specimens now before me vary as follows in the rays of the dorsal
and anal:
No. 1. Locality, San Francisco market D.
No. 2. Locality, San Francisco market D.
No. 3. Locality, San Francisco market D.
No. 4. Locality, Kadiak Island, Alaska D.
No. 5. Locality, San Francisco market D.
No. 6. Locahty, Kadiak Island, Alaska D. XV III, ./a
The color of all the species changes rapidly on exposure to air or im-
mersion in alcohol.
No. 2, when fresh, was of a brilliant green upon the belly and lower
part of the flanks, deepening into brown above, and blotched with
bright purple. After exposure, the ground tint becomes first reddish,
and finally dull purplish brown, while the purple blotches gradually
fade into dirty white.
The dorsal and anal are blotched like the body, and the pectorals
barred with the same tints.
In all the examples examined, the ventrals are shorter than the pec-
torals, and fall considerably short of the vent ; and the lowest pair of
lateral lines unite much nearer to the ventrals than to the vent.
I can perceive no constant diflerence between specimens from Alaska
and those found in our market. The most ordinary number of rays in
tjie first dorsal appears to be nineteen.
No. 1 differs from all the others in the total absence of brighter
blotches upon the sides, but the pectorals are barred, and all other
characters coincide.
XX, ^
XXI, ,\
XXI,^
XIX, ^
XIX, ,v
A. 21
A. 22
A. 21
A. 21
A. 21
A. 24
Chirus consteUatus.
First dorsal, in all the individuals examined, with twenty-one rays,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 55
and veutrals overpassing pectorals and reaching nearly or quite to the
vent.
Lowest lateral line iisiially forking about midwaj' between ventrals
and vent.
Pectoral spotted all over with light and dark spots.
Common in the bay of San Francisco.
Chirus guttatus.
First dorsal with twenty or twenty-one rays, ventrals and pectorals
usually about even i)osteriorly and scarcely reaching to the vent ; posi-
tion of the fork of the lowest lateral line somewhat variable.
Spots on sides bright orange when fresh, but becoming dark on ex-
posure to air or alcohol.
ChixTis maculo-seriatus nov. sp.
D. XXI, ij ; A. 22-23 ; P. 19; V. -^ ; C. (principal rays) 15; L. lat. 110.
Body elongate, compressed, the greatest height about one-fifth of the
length (caudal included) ; greatest thickness, at opercles, about three-
fourths of the greatest height; depth of caudal peduncle about I'j of the
greatest depth; head about one-fourth of total length.
Dorsal outline rising at an angle of about 20°, with a slight curve to
the origin of the dorsal, or to about its fifth ray, whence it descends
gradually in a straight line to the caudal i^eduncle, which is wedge-
shaped, increasing in width towards base of tail.
Abdominal outline descending slowly to the scapular girdle, thence
nearly level to anal ; anal base sloping upwards with a slight curve.
Snout longer than orbit; iuterocular width slightly less than length
of orbit; forehead slightly curved transversely, summit of ascending
liremaxillary processes rising slightly above the profile of the snout.
Anterior nostril with the edges raised into a short tube.
Eyes lateral, elliptical ; a fimbriated flap over the orbit.
Jaws subequal, the ui^ijer slightly projecting; posterior extremity of
maxillary reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of orbit, that of
mandible below the center of the pupil.
Cardiff>rm teeth in both jaws, in several rows in front, diminishing to
a single series at the sides, the outer row larger than the others ; a patch
of similar teeth upon the vomer, and occasionally a few on the anterior
part of the palatines, a character which certainly cannot be of generic
value in this group. Branchiostegals six ; gill-openings continuous be-
low, no isthmus ; gill-rakers obsolescent, transverse.
Dorsal arising above the flap of the opercle, slightly in front of the
pectoral base, deeply notched ; the first dorsal strongly arched on its
upper margin ; the first ray much shorter than the second ; the other rays
increasing in height to about the fourth, thence diminishing to the
twentieth, which is considerably shorter than the unarticulated ray at
the commencement of the second portion of the dorsal.
Second dorsal lower than the first, the rays increasing to about the
56 PEOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
fourth; upper margin straight, slightly diminishiug in height to the
nineteenth ray, four last rays diminishing rapidly.
Anal commencing even with the second dorsal, and coterminous and
similar to it ; rays increasii*g to the third ; last ray short.
Caudal slightly emarginate on posterior margin, with numerous acces-
sory rays running some distance up the j)rofile of the caudal peduncle;
principal rays twice bifurcate. Vent somewhat in advance of the anal.
Pectorals rounded, central rays longest, their tix)S about even with the
nineteenth dorsal spine ; rays simple ; base vertical.
Ventrals inserted well behind the pectorals, beneath the sixth dorsal
spine; second ray longest, its tip slightly overpassing the vent; three
longest rays overpassing the pectoral.
Lateral lines tive on each side, two above and two below the principal
line.
The uppermost on each side commence close together on the occiput,
run along the dorsal base outside the first row of scales, and end at the
fourteenth ray of the soft dorsal.
The second commences on the occiput, and is continued to the base ot
the uppermost principal caudal ray.
The third commences on the scapular region, runs parallel with the
dorsal outline till it becomes median upon the caudal peduncle, and is con-
tinued some distance uj)on the caudal.
The fourth commences slightly in front of the pectoral base, and con-
tinues i^arallel to the abdominal outhne to opposite the seventeenth anal
ray.
The fifth pair are united into a median abdominal line at a point about
half way between the vent and the axil of the ventrals ; anterior to this
point the single line runs forward to the pectoral girdle ; posterior to it
each division runs parallel with the anal base, and ends at the base of
the lowest principal caudal ray.
Scales ctenoid, rather larger on the anterior portion of the body than
on the jDosterior; the cilia tion obsolete on the scales of the side of the
head. Suborbital stay squamose. Snout, preorbital, and interoperculum
scaleless. Membrane between caudal rays scaly.
Pectoral base scaly ; some small scales at base of rays of first dorsal ;
second dorsal with small scales between the rays for about half its height.
Anal scaleless.
Color, in alcohol, brown, blotched with yellowish blotches in longi-
tudinal series.
This hitherto undescribed species is tolerably common in the markets
of San Francisco at some seasons of the year.
When fresh, the series of blotches along the sides are bright orange
and bright maroon.
A type si)ecimen is in the National Museum.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57
Table of measurements.
Current number of specimen No. 1.
Locality San Francisco.
^■0.2.
San Francisco.
Incbcs : lOOtha
and I of
iOOths. length.
Inches
and
IOOths.
IOOths
of
lonsth,
including
caudal.
Extreme length
Body :
Greatest height
Greatest width
Ilcitjlit at ventrals
Least height of caudal peduncle
Head :
Greatest length
Distance f lom snout to napo
AVitltli of intoiorbital area
Length of snout
Length of maxillary
Length of mandible
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal {spinous) :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Greatest height
Height at first spine
Dorsal (soft) :
Length of base
Height at longest ray
Anal :
Distance from tip of lower jaw
Length of base
Height at longest ray
Caudal t
Length of middle rays
Length of external rays
Pectoial :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral :
Distance from tip of lower jaw
Length
Branchiostegals
Dorsal
Anal
('audal, principal rays
Pectoral
Ventral
Number of scales in lateral line to base of caudal . . .
Number of transverse rows above lateral. line
13.35
2.73
1.99
2.62
1.03
.208
.15
.197
.078
3.28
2.2
.62
.95
1.20
1.53
.68
.245
. 165
.045
.07
.09
.115
.051
.24
.25
.123
.074
3.20
3.32
L64
1.00
3.80
1.32
.285
.10
6.48
3.67
L22
.485
.275
.093
1.78
L84
.135
.14
3.43
2.85
. 257
.215
4.16
2.15
6
.314
.162
XXI, „',
23
15
19
110
15
n.6o
2.90
1.70
2.90
1.03
2.96
1.93
.66
LOO
L14
L36
3.06
3.30
5.55
3.46
L60
L80
2.85
2.36
3.25
2.16
6
XXI, ^\
22
15
19
1
B
111
15
.248
.144
.248
.01)
.165
.056
.86
.100
.085
.262
.285
.4s
.296
.138
,152
.245
.202
.28
.185
The proportions of the two specimens measured differ considerably,
No. 2 being muck deeper in proportion to its length than No. 1, and
having its greatest depth immediately over the ventrals, instead of at
the origin of the dorsal.
In consequence of the more elongate form, the insertions of the ventrals
and of the pectorals are relatively farther back in No. 1 than in No. 2.
Similar differences of proportion exist in C. constellatus, and it is e\i-
dent that no weight can be attached to x^roportion in distinguishing
these species.
Neither is it advisable, in view of individual differences observed, to
attach much significance to the length of the ventrals, or to the position
of the fork of the lowest lateral line.
C. maculo-seriatus is by no means scarce in our markets, but is less
abundant than guttatus and constellatus.
An example of this form is in the National Museum at Washington,
numbered .
58 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
UESCRIPTIOX OF A IVEW^ FISH FR03I ALASKA (VRANIDEA ITIECROS.
TOjfIA).
By W. ]V. LOCKIWGTOW.
Uranidea microstoma.
Body loug aud low, little coinpressed.
Head depressed, rather small, wider than deep ; anterior portion of
body about equal in width and depth, somewhat llattened on back near
head, and gradually becoming more and more compressed posteriorly.
Dorsal outline regularly arched, its highest point at origin of first
dorsal ; abdominal outline nearly straight in some examples.
Head about 4f to 4^; breadth of same 5J to 4i times in the total
length ; orbit about 5, snout 4 to 3J times in the length of the head.
Eyes directed upwards, elliptical, the orbits not elevated above the
general surtiice ; interorbital width nearly equal to the transverse diam-
eter of the orbit.
Mouth short, small compared with others of the genus ; posterior
extremity of maxillary a little beyond the front margin of the orbit;
ui)i)er margin of maxillary hidden behind the preorbital in the closed
mouth, except the short, broad, posterior extremity, which is free.
Lower jaw shorter than the upper, and closing within it.
A broad band of villiform teeth in front of both jaws.
Teeth on vomer, none on palatines.
Snbopercular spine much developed, directed forwards; preoper-
culum ending in a single sharp, straight spine ; branchiostegals 5.
First dorsal commencing a little behind the pectoral base, low, the
upper margin nearly straight ; height less than that of second dorsal,
the rays nearly equal in length.
Second dorsal commencing above the vent, first ray shorter than the
second ; upper margin a straight line, the height of the fin diminishing
regularly but slowly posteriorly.
Anal shorter than second dorsal, commencing opposite the third and
ending opposite the seventeentli ray of that fin ; anteriorly rounded,
the rays increasing to the fourth, thence somewhat diminishing poste-
riorly ; depth greater than the height of the second dorsal.
Pectoral wedge-shaped, seventh ray longest ; rays fleshy, simple ; tip
of seventh ray reaching about to the vent.
Ventrals inserted a little behind insertion of pectorals, the tips not
reaching the vent, consisting of one spine and four rays ; second, third,
and fourth rays longest.
Caudal slightly convex on its posterior margin when expanded ; the
rays twice bifurcate, first bifurcation at about a third of their length
from the base.
Vent not separated from the anal fin by any considerable space ; rays
simple.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUIVI.
59
Lateral line deflected downwards suddenly at posterior extremity of
second dorsal, thence posteriorly along center of caudal peduncle, and
anteriorly parallel to dorsal outline ; pores simple, 35-37.
Body scaleless, entirely smooth.
Color olivaceous above, lighter below ; upper portion maculated with
darker; fins with small dark spots on the membrane; a dark band
across caudal.
Two specimens (Nos. 1 and 3) from fresh w\ater, near Saint Paul's,
Kodiak, collected by W. J. Fisher. In No. 1 the dorsals are separated
by a considerable space ; in No. 3 by a smaller^ space. One of these is
in the United States National Museum, numbered — .
Numerous specimens from the Aleutian Islands, collected by Captain
Greenebaum, present no difference except in the more or less complete
union of the dorsals, and their smaller size. The latter are probably
half grown.
As the fin-rays and other characters agree closely, I am inclined to
think the separation of the dorsals either an individual character, or
one due to greater age.
Mr. Fisher's examples were obtained in fresh-water lakes formed by
the melting snows, and communicating with the ocean only by shallow
outlets. This species differs from those of the genus found in the
United States by its smaller mouth, lower fins, and the. four soft rays
in the ventrals. In all these respects it resembles the European Ura-
nidea gohio.
Dimensions.
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
Total length ■
Greatest depth
Depth of caudal peduncle •
Length of head
Width of head
Longitudinal diameter of orhit
Length of snout ... •
Tip of snout, along top of head, to origin of first dorsal
Length of base of first dorsal
Length of base of second dorsal
Tip of snout to insertion of ventrals
Length of ventrals
Length of p(ct;ii-als
Tip of lower j aw, along abdomen, to origin of anal
Length of anal base
Number of dorsal rays
Number of anal rays
Number of pectoral rays
Number of caudal rays
4.87
.85
.29
1.06
.94
.21
.30
L30
.75
1. C2
1.12
.73
1.00
2.36
1.28
8-19
14
14
5-10-2
3.38
4.30
.75
.18
.27
.80
LOS
.75
.81
,15
.22
.21
.31
L25
.54
.73
L15
L37
.94
.55
.70
.62
.94
2.10
.95
L25
9-19
8-19
14
12
14
14
GO PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
l)ESCRIB»TffO:V OF A IVKW SPEC HES OF AGOIVIBJjE (BRACHIVOPSIS
VERKUC'OSUS), FKOM TEIE COAST OF CALIFOKIVIA.
By W, IX. ILOCMIRJGTOJV.
Brachyopsis verrucosus.
D. VII-IX, 7-8. A. 10-11. P. 14-15. V. 1-3. C. 2-10, 2. Lateral
scutes, 34-3G.
Form elongated, slender, lateral dorsal outline rising very gradually
from the snout to abo\ti the base of the pectoral ; central part of the
upper orbital margin elevated above the line of the forehead and occi-
put, as is also the tip of the lower jaw and front portion of the snout,
so that there is a not very conspicuous depression in front of the eye.
From the highest point the dorsal outline descends gradually to the
elongated and narrow caudal peduncle.
Abdominal outline from posterior extremity of mandible to caudal
peduncle straight.
Greatest height about 11 ; greatest width 7-7^ ; length of head 4^-4^
times in total length to tip of caudal (mouth closed); greatest depth
about 1^ in greatest width ; depth of caudal peduncle about 3| times in
the greatest depth.
Mouth oblique, the lower jaw projecting considerably beyond the
upper, its tip entering into the dorsal outline, and its posterior extremity
reaching to a vertical from the anterior margin of the pupil.
Mandible half or nearly half the length of the head.
Maxillary short, broad posteriorly, and set at a more oblique angle
than the mandible, below which the lower angle of its posterior margin
projects when the mouth is closed, while the entire length of its upper
margin is hidden beneath the preorbital in the closed mouth ; a short
and slender barbel at its i^osterior extremity.
Entire length of upper jaw less than ^ that of head.
Teeth uniform in both jaws, villiform, very small, in a band which is
widest in front, but divided in the center.
A patch of similar but even finer teeth (perceptible to the touch, but
scarcely to the eye) on vomer, and another on each i^alatine.
Eyes directed laterally and somewhat upwards, oval, their longi-
tudinal diameter a little less than the length of the snout, and about
4^4^ in the length of the side of the head; interorbital area sunken,
its width about 5 times in the length of the head.
Snout a little longer than the longitudinal diameter of the eye ; two
short backward-directed spines on its summit, slightly posterior to the
line of the tubes of the nostrils.
Preorbital large, with several small spines on its lower margin.
Supraorbital margin set with small spines, and rising in its posterior
portion to a spinulose crest.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61
Lower orbital margin prominent, a pair of spines at its posterior
extremity, the binder the larger.
Preopercuhim with a spinulosc longitndinal ridge, ending in a back-
ward-directed spine; a second smaller spine below this, at angle; lower
limb with two flat angular ijrojcctions.
Operculum striate, Avitli a ridge, ending in a spine, on its upper part.
Occipital and lateral ridges of upper surface of head prominent,
spinulose or denticulated above, but without si^ines; lateral ridges each
formed of three shorter ridges; no i^it on occiput.
Gill-membranes continuous below, without isthmus ; branchiostegals
five, large.
Pectoral very long, boldly rounded on its posterior and lower mar-
gins, broad ; the upper rays slightly increasing to about the sixth, the
five lowest decreasing rapidly. Tips of the longest rays reaching
nearly to or beyond the sixth dorsal ray, or to the back of the thir-
teenth or fourteenth dorsal scute. Longest rays about equal in length
to the head. Eays simple, base slightly oblique.
Ventrals inserted on the plane of the upper jiectoral axil, longer than
the pectorals, their greatest length about 4 times in the total length, and
consisting of a spine and two rays, the spine attached to the first ray,
which is of considerable length, but shorter than the second, the tip of
which extends beyond the second anal ray. Membrane between the
two rays broad ; the second ray fringed with a membrane along its in-
ternal margin.
First dorsal commencing at about the eighth dorsal scute and termin-
ating at the sixteenth. First spine shorter than the second, the next
five about equal in length, the remainder diminishing rapidly. Height
of the longest spines somewhat exceeeding the depth of the body below
the fin.
Second dorsal about equal in height and similar in form to the first,
arising at about the nineteenth dorsal scute, and terminating at or near
the twenty-seventh. First ray shorter than the second, the next four
nearly equal, the remainder falling rapidly.
Anal commencing directly below the last ray of the first dorsal, and
coterminous with the second dorsal, its lower margin nearly straight,
and its depth rather less than the height of the second dorsals.
The last rays of the dorsals and anal are joined to the body by mem-
brane.
Posterior margin of caudal convex ; accessory rays few.
Dorsal scutes 35-3G, the two series approaching and uniting a little
behind the second dorsal; about seven scutes between the point of
junction and the caudal.
Each scute produced posteriorly into a large spine bent backwards,
and frequently denticulated upon its anterior or outer edge. Behind
the point of junction of the two dorsal rows the spines are in closely
coupled pairs.
62 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Lateral scries of scutes each consisting of 34-36 plates, each armed
with a spine similar to those above described.
Ventral series containing 29-31 i)lates, the last three or fonr single,
the remainder forming a double series similar to the dorsal scries, but
with less conspicuous spines.
The ventral series commences at the axils of the ventral tins, and the
lower surface between these fins and the gill-oi^enings is occupied by
several large, separate, subcircular, strongly striated scales or plates,
those running along the margin of the gill-openings placed closer to-
gether, and forming a series of about seven.
About seven pairs of subcircular scales, not striated, or oidy slightly
striated, are scattered along the acutelj" triangular space behind the
ventrals, between the two ventral series of scutes, which do not fairly
meet each other anterior to the anal fin. An elongate naked area be-
hind the pectorals, separating the lower lateral from the ventral series.
Some small scales in the space between the mandibles, and a series
of small, elevated, and sharp-pointed scales along the curve of the
pectoral base.
Vent not far behind the base of the ventrals.
The center of the interocular space, the area between the occipital
ridges, some sjiaces on the lateral aspect of the head between the more
prominent parts of the bones, and the areas between the large scales in
front of the ventral are set with numerous prickles, a few of '\Ahich also
occur in the intermandibular area.
Similar prickles are numerous on the anterior portion of the trunk,
occupying the spaces between the parallel dorsal and upper lateral
series of scutes ; those of the upper surface end at the first dorsal, those
of the upper lateral surfaces at the posterior extremity of the same fin.
Behind these points the scuta of these surfaces closely interlock.
Lateral line continuous ; a pore between each pair of scutes ; pores
simple.
Color. — After exposure to alcohol, the upper and lateral surfaces of
the body are banded alternately with dull yellowish and olivaceous
brown; pectorals whitish on their basal portion, a dark spot on the
upper and another on the lower edge excepted, and dark on their
terminal part, the margin of the dark color running obliquely from the
center of the first to the tip of the eleventh ray.
Ventrals with a large black spot on the membrane inside the first ray,
and two small spots near the tip of the membrane. Abdomen yellowish
white.
When somewhat fresher, the dirty yellowish tint of the ventrals was
bright orange yellow, and the black of that fin was more positive, so
that it is probable that in life the colors of the whole body were much
brighter than they are now.
The total length of the specimens examined, from tip of lower jaw
(mouth closed) to tip of caudal, varied from 5.C8 inches to C.C5 inches.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63
Actual measurements of the parts are not given, as the proportions
vary but little.
Several examples were collected November 20, 1879, at a depth of ten
fathoms, in Drake's Bay, 35 miles north of San Fiancisco, by Mr. Voy,
who has presented them to the State University, Berkeley, Cal.
One of the types is in the United States National Museum, num-
bered .
This species is referred to the genns Brachyopsis, proposed by Dr.
Gill for the reception of Agonus rostrafus.
This genus is distinguished from Ayoniis by the projecting lower jaw
and consequent comparatively large terminal mouth, and by the absence
of an isthmus.
DESt'RBPTION OF A IVEW OETVUS A1V» SOME IVEW SPECIES OF t'AIi-
IFORMA FISHES (ICOSTEUS .^EIVIGITIATICFS AIVO OSITIERUS AT-
TEIVL'ATUS).
By H^. N. I.OCKI]\GTOIV.
Fam. BLENNID.^{?).
IC03TEUS.
Body much compressed. Teeth in a single row in both jaws, close-set,
sharp. No teeth on vomer, palatines, or i)haryngeals. Gill-oiienings
continuous under the throat, composed of flexible rays, the anterior
simple.
A single long dorsal fin; anal similar. Base of pectorals fleshy. Ven-
trals thoracic in position. Lateral line with groups of si^ines. Pseudo
branchiaj.
Body scaleless throughout ; fins beset with spinules along the rays.
Etymology: er/.u), to yield; o<T-£(r^, bone.
Icosteus asnigmaticus.
Body much compressed throughout; head thicker than any portion of
the body. Dorsal outline rising rapidly to the origin of the dorsal ;
thence more slowly in a regular curve to about the center of the length
of the bodj' ; thence curving gradually downward to the caudal pedunc^le.
Abdominal outline regularly curved.
Upper and lower outlines of caudal peduncle concave, the peduncle
widening posteriorly to support the fin-shaped caudal.
Greatest depth about 3A times in total length; length of head about 5
tiuies in total length ; eye G ; snout more than 3; interorbital width about
2i times in the length of the head ; caudal i)eduncle about 5| times in
the greatest depth.
Nostrils simple, elongate-elliptical; eyes lateral, their diameter less
than the length of the snout ; mouth-opening ratlier large, horizontal,
or nearly so ; tip of the intermaxillary below the lower margin of the
eye ; margin of upper jaw formed of the intermaxillaries only ; maxilla-
64 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ries narrow throughont, not liidden beneath tlie preorbital ; posterior
extremity of tlie maxillary extending to a little beyond a vertical from
the center of the eye.
Teeth in jaws in a single row, numerous, fine, sharp-pointed, closely
and regularly set, those in the upper jaw smaller than thosein th6 lower.
No teeth on vomer or palatines. No pharyngeal teeth present.
Gill-rakers flexible, few, about half as long as the diameter of the feye
on the first branchial arch, diminishing on each successive arch.
Gill-openings continuous under the throat ; branchiostegals six.
Dorsal commencing at a vertical above the pectoral axil, and consist-
ing of 52-55 rays, all soft and flexible, but some of the anterior ones un-
branched. Anterior portion of dorsal low, the rays gradually; increas-
ing in height posteriorly, the base of the fin terminating opposite to
that of the anal, at about 1^ times the least width of the caudal pedun-
cle from the origin of the caudal fin; but the longest rays (last but two
or three) extending backwards almost to the origin of the central caudal
rays. None of the dorsal rays bifurcate more than. once.
Anal commencing opposite the 24th-27th dorsal ray ; similar to and
about equal in depth to the height of the posterior portion of the dor-
sal, consisting of 37-40 rays, most of them once bifurcate; its base ter-
minating opposite to that of the dorsal, and its longest posterior rays
extending backwards even with those of the latter ; three last anal rays
diminishing rapidly in length.
Some of the anterior anal rays appear to be unbranched.
Caudal elongate, fan-shaped, the central rays longest, and the pos-
terior margin greatly rounded. Posterior part of caudal peduncle ex-
X)anded, and forming the larger half of an ellipse, around which the rays
are set; the central ones straight, the outer ones curving outward and
backward. Accessory rays numerous ; principal rays twice bifurcate.
Pectorals with a fleshy base, having a curved posterior border from
which the rays radiate, forming a fan-shaped fin ; the central rays longest,
the others diminishing regularly on both sides. All the rays straight ;
the seven or eight central ones twice, the others once, bifurcate.
Ventrals inserted a little behind the base of the pectorals, narrow, con-
sisting of a short (spinous?) and four long rays.
Lateral line conspicuous, curving downwards above the pectoral imtil,
a little posterior to the origin of the anal, it reaches the median line of the
trunk, along which it continues till it dies out upon the fleehy base of
the caudal.
Groups of small spines along the entire length of the lateral line, the
number of spines in each group variable. About 120 groups of spines
in the smaller example. No scales upon any portion of the body or fins,
but the latter rendered rough by asperities or small spiuules ; a single
series along the base of each ray, and a series along each of its branches.
Color. — Purple spots and blotches of irregular shape upon a yellowish-
brown ground ; the spots largest ui^on the dorsal region, and becoming
PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65
smaller and more numerous near the lateral line. The region above and
behind the pectorals beset with numerous purple spots, smaller than
those above the lateral line. Beneath the lateral line, on the posterior
part of the body, there are no spots, except along the line of the analj
but probably*this is the result of exposure to alcohol, which has caused
the disappearance of most of the spots from the smaller specimen, the
color of which, when fresher, was like that of the larger.
Throat and greater portion of gill- membranes without blotches, but
sown with dark points, which occur also over the whole of the body and
the interior of the mouth . Fleshy bases of caudal and pectorals with sev-
eral purple blotches. Fins darker than the body, and showing traces of
blotches of a deeper tint, especially upon the caudal.
Vertebrae numerous; vertebral column highly flexible and soft.
Cranial bones tolerably firm, those of the face and opercles, &c., highly
flexible.
Entire body characterized by a lack of firmness, as it can be doubled
up as readily as a piece of soft, thick rag. Swim-bladder large.
I append measurements of the two specimens, but many of these must
be regarded as apj)roximate only, in consequence of the distortion aris-
ing from the softness of texture of the fish, together with that conse-
quent upon cutting them open shortly after they were first procured.
In the larger specimen the ventrals are iiartly destroyed, and the tips
of many of the dorsal and anal rays are wanting.
The shnpe of the head in the two examples is very different, doubtless
owing to the flexibility of the bones. In the larger the snout is blufi',
almost perpendicular, the dorsal outline rises rapidly to the origin of the
dorsal, and the tip of the premaxillaries is far below the eye ; while in
the smaller the dorsal outline slopes regularly from the tip of the snout,
which is almost level witb the lower margin of the eye, to the origin of
the dorsal.
Dimensions.
Total length, to tip of candal
Greatest depth (approximate)
Depth of peduncle of tail where narrowest.
Length of head
Diameter of eye
Interorbital width
Length of njiner jaw
Length of snout
Tip of snout to origin of dorsal
Length of base of snoiit
Length of longest posterior dorsal rays
Interval hot ween ilorsal and caudal
Tip of mandible to anal flu
Length of anal base
Origin of dorsal to upper axil of pectoral. .
Upper axil of pectoral to tip of snout
Length of pi ctorals
Length of ventrals
Numljer of dorsal rays
Number of anal rays
Number of groups of spines in lateral line. .
No. 2.
Hi
§
2i
5i
li
52 or 53
37
Circa 120
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80-
May 24, 1880,
66 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
These two iudividuals, together with a third of smaller size, and cer-
taiuly of another species, were procured in the market of San Francisco
by W. G. W. Harford, in 187G. The fishmonger called them "deep-sea
fish," and said that he had never seen the kind before. No others have
appeared in the market since. A smaller example is in the museum of
the State University, Berkeley, and was procured in Washington Terri-
tory.
The relations of this fish are probably with the Blennioid fishes. It
can, however, hardly be referred to any of the current families, and
should perhaps form the type of a separate one.
Osmerus atteuuatus.
Osmerus elongatus Lockingtoii , Eep. Commissioners Fislieries State of Cal.,
1879, p. 43 ; not Osmerus elongatus Ayers, Proc. Cal. Acad. , Vol. I, p. 17.
D. 1-10. A. 17. P. 14. Y. 1-8.
Form elongate, fusiform, dorsal outline rising gently to a point just
behind the origin of the pectoral, thence almost straight to dorsal,
thence tapering regularly to the caudal peduncle. Abdominal outline
straight from the posterior extremity of the maxillary to the ventrals,
thence inclining upwards slowly to the caudal peduncle.
Greatest depth 7§-8a times; head 4 J to nearly 5 times in the total
length; eye about 4 times in the length of the head; snout about the
same length as the eye; caudal iieduncle 2|-2f times in the greatest
depth.
Viewed from above, the forehead and snout diminish in width ante-
riorly.
Nostrils conspicuous, divided by a thin partition, simple, situated on
a line from the top of the pupil to the tip of the snout, and about half-
way between the latter and the anterior margin of the orbit.
Eyes large, subcircular, entirely in the anterior half of the head ;
upper orbital margins raised, but the interorbital space between these
margins llat transversely.
Mouth large, the commissure straight and ascending anteriorly at an
angle of about 30°, the tip of the upper jaw horizontal with the center
of the pupil, and the posterior extremity of the maxillary on a vertical
line from the posterior margin of the pupil ; mandible straight on its
lower border, its tip projecting beyond that of the upper jaw.
Dentition tolerably strong, on jaws and palatines. Teeth of upper
jaw in a single row, numerous, small, slender, those in front inclined
forward, a large tooth at the symphysis.
Lower jaw with a double row of slightly recurved teeth in front, the
•outer extending only about one-fifth of the length of the sides of the
.mandible, .the inner row extending along the sides, and consisting of
llarger teeth ,than the outer or than those of the upper jaw ; the largest
situated along the sides, and much wider apart than those of the upper
jaw.
Inner palatinie .row of numerous small teeth; outer palatine series
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 67
very variable iii its development, but usually consisting of few rather
large teeth, increasing in size forwards, the anterior tootli sometimes
quite a large canine. Teeth in front part of tongue in a single series
on each side, with a single terminal tooth; all the teeth large and curved,
the terminal tooth largest. A large patch of several rows of villiforra
teeth on the base of the tongue, marked ofl' by a constriction from the
terminal patch.
Gill-rakers long and slender, those of first pair of branchial arches
half as long as the eye, the others diminishing gradually. Branchios-
tegals seven.
Angle of preoperculum a little more than a right angle, both the pos-
terior and the inferior margins nearly straight. Posterior margin of
gill-cover forming a bold and almost regular curve, its most posteriorly
produced portion occujiied by the suboperculum.
Pectoral of fourteen rays, the third or fourth longest, narrow, the
rays bifurcate. Tips of the pectorals distant from the ventrals more
tban the length of the ventrals.
Ventrals not greatly shorter than the pectorals ; the rays bifurcate,
their tii)S not reaching to the anus; insertion of ventrals about one
scale in advance of that of dorsal.
Dorsal of one spine and ten bifurcate rays, highest in fmnt, the height
about twice the length of the base; the second ray slightly longer than
the first, the last longer than the spine. Anal commencing at about
the posterior third of the total length, and consisting of seventeen
branched rays, the first very short, the second nearly equal to the third
and longest, the fourth nearly equal to the third, thence descending
gradually.
Caudal deeply emarginate, almost forked; rays 11-10-9— i%, principal
rays several lines branched.
Lateral line not very distinct, running along the center of the silvery
band of each side. Scales rather large, their exposed portion forming
a diamond-shaped pattern, each diamond about twice as deep as long.
Head scaleless.
No scales upon the fins.
Adipose fin falcate, rather large.
Color of the fresh Jish. — Light greenish gray on the back, the pattern
of the scales marked by a series of black dots around the edge of each ;
these die out upon the silvery lateral line. A very bright silvery line
along the side, reaching one scale above lateral line; the upper boundary
of this •band distinct, the lower fading into the silvery-white of the
belly. Operculum and suboperculum bright like the lateral band, ex-
cept above, where they become greenish gray like the back; snout and
cheeks darker greenish gray than the back. Lower jaw with black
points below and on the sides, closer together toward the tip. Fins
spotted with dark points. Forehead between eyes almost black; eyes
silvery ; pupil black.
Locality, San Francisco.
68
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSE DM.
The whole fish is highly transparent when fresh, the outline of the
brain being clearly visible through the occiput.
From Osmeriis thaleichthys, which at first sight nearly res;embles it,
this species may be distinguished by the following characters: The
slightly greater length and more tapering form of the snout, when
viewed from above; the straight lower jaw, which in 0. thaleichthys is
considerably curved upwards toward the tip ; the gradual declivity of
the upper outline of the head, which in the latter species is straight
with the line of the back 5 the larger eyes; the different arrangement of
the teeth ; the more elongated body, much less curvate along the abdom-
inal outline ; and the much greater distance between the tips of the
pectorals and the base of the ventrals.
Dimensions.
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3.
No. 4.
No. 5.
No. 6.
Total lenjrth
Greatest depth of body
Length of head, to tip'of lo-wer jaw ..
Longitudinal diameter of eye
Interorbital width . .
Length of snout, to tip of upper jaw .
Length without caudal
Tip "of lower jaw, to adipose fin
Tip of lower jaw, to ventrals
Length of pectoral
Height of dorsal
Length of ventral
Tip of li)wor jaw to origin of dorsal. .
Lencth of lower jaw
Width of caudal peduncle
Inches.
4.12
.55
.96
.23
.19
.23
3.47
2.97
1.97
.50
.45
2.00
.56
.20
Inches.
4.50
.58
1.00
.23
.20
.25
3.84
3.00
2.10
.58
.56
.45
2.15
.60
.20
Inches.
5.25
.60
1.13
.30
.23
.28
4.42
3.62
2.56
.63
.61
.56
2.56
.68
.24
Inches.
5.72
.72
1.25
.29
.31
.30
4.87
4.14
2.68
.72
.75
.64
2.75
.70
.30
Inches.
5.06
.62
L12
.25
.26
.28
4.30
3.60
2.35
.05
.02
.53
2.40
.60
.26
Inches.
6.00
.75
1.32
.cO
.•i45
.al
5. (.9
4.31
2.76
.81
.69
.69
2.94
.31
Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are alcoholic specimens ; the others were measured while fresh.
The comparatively elongate form of this fish induced me to believe
that this species must be 0. elongatus Ayres (Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., I,
17, 1854), but as the latter ichthyologist transmitted examples of his
species to Washington, and these examples were examined by Girard,
and found by him to be identical with his Osmerus pretiosiis (= Argen-
tina pretiosa Grd. = Hgpomesus oUdtus (Pallas) Gill), there is no doubt
that the foregoing is an undescribed species.
There are thus four species of Microstomatidce on the Pacific coast,
United States, viz, Thaleichthys pacijicus, Kypomesus olictus, Osmerus
thaleichthys, and 0. attenuatus. The first of these does not occur in the
markets of San Francisco, but is sent down packed in salt from the
Columbia Eiver, also to some extent in oil, under the name of " Colum-
bia River sardines." The other three are brought into the markets in
a fresh state. Hypomesus olictus grows to the largest size, and is most
highly esteemed of the three. Osmerus attenuatus is tolerably abundant
iu the markets during the spring and summer months.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69
DESCRIPTIOIV OF A ViEW H^tKE (PHTCIS EABL.K.II), FROITI SOUTH
CAROI.DXA, AIVD A IVOTE OTS TUE OCCURRENCE: OF PHYCIS RFCilUH
IN NORTH CAROIilNA.
By TARLETON H. BEAIV.
1. Phycis earUii Bean.
The Uuited States National Museum has just received from Mr. E. E.
Earll three specimens of a species of Phycis which differ from all the
other recognized eastern American species. It is quite unlike P. tenuis,
P. chuss, and P. chesteri, since none of the rays of the first dorsal are
produced. In the shape of the anterior dorsal and the general form of
the body it resembles P. regius, from which, however, it may be at once
distinguished by its much smaller scales. From P. DeKayi Kaup it is
well separated by the structure of its anterior dorsal, and by having the
ventrals shorter than the head. The species differs also from P. rostratus
Gthr. in having a much greater number of scales between the anterior
dorsal and the lateral line.
Mr. Earll secured these fish in the market of Charleston. They were
numbered 131 in his collecting invoice, and are catalogued as numbers
25207, 25208, and 25209 of the Museum Eegister. The species is dedi-
cated to' its discoverer, who first collected it and called attention to its
specific distinctness from the four known east coast forms.
Description. — The species is short and stout, resembling in this re-
spect P. regius. The greatest height of the body equals twice the length
of the longest ray of the anterior dorsal, and is contained 5 times in the
total length, caudal included. The length of the head is contained 3|
times in the length of the body, measured to the origin of the middle
caudal rays. The length of the snout equals the distance between the
eyes. The length of the upper jaw equals half that of the head. The
length of the eye is contained nearly twice in length of snout, G^ times
in length of head, and nearly 4 times in the length of the postorbital
part of the head. The lower jaw is as long as the upper, but is received
within it. The maxilla extends somewhat behind the vertical through
the posterior margin of the eye. The barbel is J as long as the upper
jaw, or nearly so. Both jaws and the head of the vomer are armed with
teeth in villiform bands, as in other species of the genus.
The pectorals are as long as the postorbital part of the head.
The ventrals extend nearly to the vent, and their length is contained
. 4 times in the distance from the tip of the snout to the end of the second
dorsal.
The distance of the anal from the tip of the snout nearly equals the
length of the anal base.
The origin of the anterior dorsal is directly over the axil of the pecto-
ral 5 the dorsals are subcontinuous ; none of the rays of the anterior
70 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
dorsal arc produced, and none of tbem are longer than the longest rays
of the second dorsal. The longest anal ray is not much more than half
as long as the longest dorsal ray, and equals half the length of the pec-
torals. The length of the anterior dorsal base is about equal to that of
the snout ; the second dorsal base is about 2^ times as long as the ven-
tral tin.
The length of the middle caudal rays is contained 8 times in the total
length witliout caudal. •
Tbe typical specimens are 13 inches, 13i inches, and 14 inches long,
respectively.
Radial formula.— B. YII ; D. 10, 60-63; A. 53-54 ; P. 15.
There are 21 or 22 rows of scales between the anterior dorsal and the
lateral line, and about 155 along the lateral line.
Color. — Brown, with some light spots on the second dorsal and the
sides ; the anal tin and the two dorsals margined with darker brown.
2. Phycis regius (Walb.) Jor. & Gilb.
Col. Marshall McDonald, among numerous interesting forms of south-
ern fishes, has recently secured 6 specimens of this species of Fhycis,
which were taken in a haul seine, March 26, 1880, at the mouth of the
Cape Fear Eiver, in North Carolina. These are numbered 90 in his col-
lecting invoice. Phycis regius has not been recorded so far south before ;
specimens have been taken in York River, a tributary of Chesapeake
Bay. The discovery of two gadoids as far south as the Cape Fear and
Charleston is quite unexpected.
F. S. National Museum,
Washington, April 9, 1880.
VESCRIPTIOIV OF A NEPT SPECIES OF SEBASTICHTHYS (SEBAS-
TICnXHYS MBIVIATUS), FROM MONTEREY RA¥, CAEIFORIVIA.
By OAVID S. JOKDAN and CIIARL.ES H. OII^BERT.
Sebastichthys minlatus sp. nov.
Allied to Sebastichthys pinniger Gill.
Body oblong, the form much as in S. pinniger and S. atrovirens; the
caudal peduncle rather stouter than in pinniger. Head moderate, some-
what pointed, the profile not very steep. Mouth rather large, the max-
illary reaching to opposite the middle of the pupil, the premaxillary in
front on the level of the lower edge of the pupil. Lower jaw projecting
somewhat beyond the upper, with a rather conspicuous symphyseal
knob, which is larger than in pinniger. Middle of lower jaw elevated,
so that the mesian teeth are much raised, and fit into an emarginatiou
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71
of the upper jaw. This elevation is much more marked in the present
species than in pinniger.
Head more completely scaly than in related species, the scales alsO
rougher, the scales on the mandible, snout, preortital, and head gen-
erally being fully ctenoid. In iS. pinniger the scales on uearl^^ all parts
of the head ^re cycloid. Mandible scaled even to the symphyseal knob,
luteropercle fully scaled; most of the branchiostegals \Yith scries of
scales. •Maxillary, preorbital,'and ti[) of snout fully scaled. Preorbital
with a narrow neck, and two distinct ST)ines, the neck less than one-
fourth the diameter of the eye, which is of moderate size, about as in
pinniger.
Spinous ridges on top of head low and small. The following pairs of
spines are present: Nasal, preocular, supraocular, jiostocular, tymijanic,
and occipital, six pairs in all.
Interorbital space very broad and almost flat, a slight depression on
each side of the supraocular ridge, between which depressions is a
slight convexity.
In iS. pinniger the interocular space is notably narrower, and both de-
pressions and concavity are more marked. Space between occipital
ridges slightly convex. In ^S'. pinniger this is slightly concave.
Preopercular spines rather long and sharp, the second the longest
and sharpest, the spines radiating and ha\dng less of a backward direc-
tion than in S. pinniger.
Opercular spines sharp. Spines on subopercle and interoi>ercle mod-
erate. Two sui)rascapular spines and a rudiment of a third.
Scales large, in about 47 transverse rows; the accessory scales few.
Dorsal fin low, rather deeply emargiuate, essentially as in 8. pinniger^
but both spines and soft rays somewhat higher, the latter a little higher
than the spines. Caudal fin lunate. Anal fin rather high, the second
spine about as long as the third and rather stouter, little more than half
^e height of the soft rays. Pectoral fin moderate, as in pinniger^ the
tip reaching about to the vent, the base rather narrow, and the rays not
fleshy. Ventrals, as in pinniger, very long, reaching past the vent al-
most to the beginning of the anal.
Dorsal rays XIII, 14 ; A. Ill, 7.
Gill-rakers, as in pinniger, very long and slender, about 10 -f 22 in
number, the longest about § the diameter of the eye.
Color darker than in pinniger, deep red, strictly speckled with dusky.
Above bright deep vermilion, mottled with flesh-color on the sides, the
belly light red. Back and sides everywhere with clusters of black dots,
so that the whole body has a dusky shade. Top of head and back with
vaguely defined cross-blotches made of dark points on snout, iaterorbi-
tal space, occiput, under fourth dorsal spine, under eighth dorsal spine,
one under first soft ray, last soft ray, and base of caudal. Three obscure
orange stripes radiating from the eye. MaxiUary with a red streak.
72 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Lips red, mottled with blackish. Under side of head light red, mottled
with darker. Inside of mouth red.
Fins all bright vermilion; spinous dorsal spotted with olive-gi-ay be-
ipw, the membrane posteriorly edged with blackish; soft dorsal spotted
below with blackish, a vertical dark olive streak on each membrane;
other fins tipped with blackish, the membranes more or less dotted. Ko
hUcJc blotch on the spinous dorsal; no distinct pale streak along the
lateral line.
The coloration of Sehastichthys pinniger, which has thus far never been
described, is as follows:
Ground color light olive-gray, profusely blotched with bright clear
orange-red, the red shades predominating above, the i)ale below. Belly
nearly white. Top of head with cross-blotches and marblings of orange,
alternating with pale. Sides of the head flesh-colored, with three bright
orange bands radiating from the eye; maxillary with orange touches.
Lips pale, tinged with blackish. Inside of mouth pale.
Dorsal fin with the membranes bright orange, a large hJacJc blotch oc-
cupying the membranes between the seventh and tenth dorsal spines;
this sj)ot is usually distinct, but in old examples it is sometimes obso-
lete. Pectorals light red, mottled with yellowish. Other fins all bright
orange, without dusky tips, slightly mottled with paler at base. Lateral
line running in a distinct continuous light-gray streak, which is not
crossed by the red markings.
S. miniatus was first known to us from two specimens taken at Santa
Barbara. These were provisionally considered as representing a variety
of pinniger, but after the examination of an extensive series of specimens
from Monterey Bay we were forced to the conclusion that the deep-red
forms, although nearly allied to 8. pinnige)\ belong to a distinct species.
The difference in color is very marked and the two species may be sep-
arated at sight. In life any of the numerous species of this genus may
be at once recognized by the color alone, a feature which, circumstances
of age and surroundings being equal, is in this group remarkably con-
stant.
This species reaches the same size as S. pinniger, and is brought with
it to the San Francisco market, but in much less abundance.
In the description already published by us of Sehastichthys proriger
the specimen measured as ^^S.pinniger^^ belongs to the present species.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73
Measurements.
Exti-crao leDsth, in inches
Length to base of caudal = 100 .
Hody:
Greatest depth
Least depth of tail
Head:
Length
Lenjith of snout
Diameter of eye
Width of intexorbital area .
Occipital spine
Supraocular spine
Least width of preorbital . .
Maxillary
Longest gill-raker
Dorsal :
Highest (fifth) spine
Longest soft ray
Anal :
Lengtli of base
Second spine
Third spine
Longest ray
Caudal, "middle' ray
Pectoral :
Width of base
Length
Ventral, length
Dorsal rays
Anal rays
Scales in lateral line
Miniatus.
Pinniger.
(Monterey.)
(Monterey.)
11.00
16.80
9.10
IS. 50
35.
37.5
1'2.3
11.8
30.
37.5
.085
.09
.095
.095
.08
.085
.07
.07
.025
.04
.017
.023
17.5
17.
.05
.003
15. 5
16.5
17.3
18.
1.5.5
13.5
11.
14.8
11.5
21.
21.5
17.
15.
9.5
28.5
29.
27.
26.
SIIL 14
XII r, 14
in, 7
III, 7
42
48
I>ES€RaS*TIO]V OF A TSEW SPECIES OF " ROCK-FISBI" (SEBASTI€H-
THYS CAKIVATUS), FKOM THE COAST OF CA1.IFOKIVIA.
By BAVHD S. JORDAN and CHARLES H. GII^BERT.
Sebastichthys carnatus sp. nov.
Allied to Sebastichthys nebulosus Ayres.
Body rather short and deep, tapering* rapidly to a rather slender
caudal peduncle. Head short, bluntish, the profile straight and steep.
Mouth low and rather short, the maxillary extending to rather behind
the posterior edge of the eye, which is rather small and elevated. Pre-
maxillary entirely below the level of the eye, which is rather small and
elevated. Mouth nearly horizontal, the jaws about equal, the lower jaw
slightly shortest in the closed mouth. No prominent symphyseal knob.
Scales on the head rather rougher than in 8. nebulosus; the lower jaw,
maxillary, space in front of eye, and nasal region naked, as in nebu-
losus.
Top of head with the spinous ridges well developed, but somewhat
lower than in S. nebulosus; otherwise very similar. The following pairs
are present: Nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, and occipital, five
in all. The occipital spines especially are lower and narrower than in
nebulosus.
Preopercular spines small and bluntish, the uppermost rather broader
than the second, which is the longest. Opercular and suprascapular
spines two each, rather short and broad. A slight spine on interopercle
and subopercle.
74 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEDM.
Gill-rakers, as in nebulosus, short, compressed, somewhat clavate, the
middle ones longer and somewhat crooked.
Spinous dorsal always higher than in nchulosus, the highest spines
rather higher than the soft rays, the membranes more deeply incised
than in nebidosns, but less than in maliger. Caudal fin truncate. Anal
fin moderately high, the second spine stronger and slightly longer than
the third, about two-thirds the height of the soft rays. Pectoral fins
rather short, about reaching to the vent, their bases very broad, as in
related species, and the lower rays thickened and fleshy. Ventrals
reaching vent.
Scales in 53 transverse rows ; the accessory scales rather numerous.
Dorsal, XIII, 12; anal III, 7; pyloric coeca 8; vertebraj 12 + 15.
Pattern of cc-loration almost exactly identical with that of S. nebu-
losics, but the shade of color very different.
In 8. carnatus the light ground color is clear flesh color or pinkish,
often tinged with grayish purple ; the light shades on the head purplish.
The dark shades are yellowish-brown, usually tinged with greenish.
In 8. nehulosus the light ground color is more restricted, and its hue
is usually a clear warm brownish-yellow with orange mottlings, vary-
ing to dusky orange-brown, below often tinged with olive. The dark
shades are olive-black, varying to olive-brown. The light sliades of 8.
nebulosus are often nearly identical with the darTc shades of ^S*. carnatus.
In both species the pattern is a light ground color, with dark blotches,
the dark color predominating above. Membrane between third and
fourth spines always pale, this color forming a blotch at the base of
these spines, and then extending obliquely downwards and backwards,
joining the ventral color. In front of this light area on the sides is a nar-
row oblique dark one, in front of which in turn is a light one, which be-
gins at the angle of the opercle and divides, passing around the pectorals
and uniting below them.
A light blotch under the eighth dorsal spine extending up on the fin ;
also another at the junction of the two dorsals, and still another under
the last ray. Under each of these blotches irregular undulating light
areas extend down the sides, either continuous or as detached blotches.
The pale dorsal blotches correspond in position to the i)ink dorsal spots
of rosaceus, constellatus, oculatus, and chlorostictus, and to pale areas found
in fasciolar is, vexillaris, maliger, and other species.
Head above with cross-shades and bands radiating from the eye. Fins
with the general pattern of color of neighboring parts of the body.
This species is very closely related to 8. nebulosus, and from it cannot
always be readily distinguished except by the color. Like 8. nebulosus,
it is one of the smaller species, seldom reaching a length of much over
a foot. It is very abundant in the Bay of Monterey, forming a large
proportion of the "rock-fish" shij)j)ed from Monterey to tbe San Fran-
cisco market. ^S'. nebulosus occurs in the same waters, and the exam-
ination of great numbers of examples of both sexes and all ages has
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
75
convinced us that, although closely related, the two forms are perma-
nently distinct. Whether hereafter to be regarded as a species or as a
"subspecies," the form is a peculiar one, aud as such worthy of a Lame.
Measurements.
Extreme length, in inches
Length to base caudal = 100
Body:
Greatest depth
Least depth
Head:
Length
Diameter of eye
Lengtii of snout
Length of preocular ridge
Length of supraocular ridge
Length of (>ccipit;il ridge
Least width ot jut'orbital
Width of iiitirorliitiil space
Length of maxillary
Length of longest gill-raker
Dorsal :
Length of base
Height of tifth spine
Height of nunubrauc between fourth and fifth spines.
Height of longest soft ray
Anal:
Length of base
Height of second spine
Height of third spine
Height of longest ray ^
Caudal, length of middle rays
Pectoral :
Lenath
Width of base
Ventral, length
Dorsal rays
Anal rays
Number of transverse rows of scales
Camatus.
(Monterey.)
Xebtdostts.
(Monterey.)
11.50
9.85
36.5
n.5
36.
9.
10.
3.5
5.
6.
3.
6.3
18.
2.
63.
16.
11.2
15.5
13.7
13.
13.1
17.5
16.3
26.8
10.5
21.
XIILH
nr, 7
45
April 2, 1880.
CHECK-liIST OF UUPIilCATES OF BfORTH AIWERICAIV FIJ^HF.S
DISTRl BITTED BY TBIE .SinilTII!i(Oi\IAIV IIV.STITUTD©I\ I.lf BEHALF
OF TOE UIVITED STATES IVATIONAIi MUSEUM, 1877-1880.
Prepared by TARLETON H. BEAN.
LOPHIID^.
1. Lophius piscatorius Linn.
Lophius americaniis Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass., 1867, p. 101, pi. xviii, fig. 2.
22311. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
ANTENNARIID^.
2. Pterophryne histrio Linn.
Pterophryne Icevigata (Guv.) Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 14.
20662. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts (3).
DIODONTID^.
3. Diodon hystrix Linn.
23779. Bermuda.
4. Chilomycterus geometricus (Linn.) Kaup.
9448. East coast of United States.
147.')2. Noank, Connecticut.
19460. Eastern shore of Virginia.
19674. Beaufort, North Carolina.
19719. Fort Macon, North Carolina.
19767.
20074.
21034.
22911.
22912.
Eastern shore of Virginia.
Coast of New England.
Newport, Rhode Island.
Eastern coast of United States.
76 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
TETEODONTIDJE.
5. Tetrodon turgidus Mitch.
Ohilichthys turgidus Gill, Cat. Pish. E. Coast N. A.,
10740. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 17601.
14037. Noank, Counecticut. 17602.
14746. " " 17603.
14747. " " 17604.
14748. " " 17605.
14749. " " 17606.
14750. " " 17607.
14828. " " 19461.
14972. Eastern coast of United States. 19765.
17596. Noank, Connecticut* 19829.
17597. " " 20290.
17598. " " 21444.
17599. " " 22718.
17600. " " 23147.
1873, p. 15.
Noank, Connecticut.
Eastern shore of Virginia.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Eastern coast of United States.
Cohasset Narrows, Massachusetts.
Eastern coast of United States.
BALISTID^.
6. Alutera Schoepfii (Wall).) Goode &, Bean.
Alutera cuspicauda Gill, Cat. Eisb. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 15.
Ceratacanthus aurantiacus GiU, op. cit., p. 15.
14745. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
16601. Menemsha Bight, Massachusetts.
16314. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
16567. " "
18715. " "
18716. " "
18717. " "
18718. " "
18719. " "
. 18734. " '•
18735. " "
18736. " "
18737. " "
18738. " "
18739. " "
18740. •' ••
18741. " "
18742. " "
18743. " "
18744. " ••
7. Monacanthus setifer Bennett.
18745.
18746.
18747.
18748.
18749.
18750.
18751.
18752.
18753.
18863.
19251.
19280.
19282.
19718.
20691.
21644.
21649.
22937.
22738.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Fort Macon, North Carolina.
Newport, Ehode Island.
Eastern coast of United States.
Stephanolepis setifer Gill, Cat. Fish. E. Coast N. A., 1873, p. 15.
18893.
18894.
18895.
18896.
18897.
18898.
18899.
18900.
18901.
18902.
18903.
18904.
18905.
18906.
18907.
Wood's HoU, Mass<achnsetts.
18908.
18909.
18910.
18911.
18912.
18913.
18914.
18915.
18916.
18917.
18946.
21545.
21631.
23144.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Charleston, South Carolina
Newport, Rhode Island.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
I 22739. Eastern coast of United States.
77
8. Balistes capriscus Linn.
21050. No^7po^t, Rhode Island.
9. Balistes vetula Linn.
22731. Eastern coast of United States.
SYNGNATHID^.
10. Sjmgnathus fuscus Storer.
"Wood's Holl, Massachnsetts.
18919.
18920.
18921.
18922.
18923.
18924.
18925.
18926.
18927.
18928.
18929.
18930.
18931.
18932. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18933. " "
18934. " "
18935. ' " ••
18936. " "
18937. " "
18938. " "
18939. " •"
18940. " "
18941. " "
18942. »♦ "
18943. " "
GASTEROSTEID^.
11. Gasterosteus aculeatus L.
13397. "Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
19831. " "
21455. " "
23162. "Wood's Holl, M.oasachusetts.
24433. "Wilmington, Delaware.
12. Gasterosteus pungitius L.
23161. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
I 24460. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
13. Gasterosteus pungitius L. sub. sj). hracliypoda Bean.
21767. American Harbor, Cumberland Gulf. I 21770. American Harbor, Cumberland Gulf.
21769. " " 21772. " "
14. Apeltes quadracus (Mitcli.) Brevoort.
13404. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
13413. " "
13418.
14002. Noank, Connecticut.
16110. "Wood's Holl, Massachnsetts.
17753. " " •
19832. " "
23160. " "
SOLEID.^.
15. Solea vulgaris Quensel.
22734. England.
16. Achirus lineatus (Linn.) Cuv.
7280. Washington, District of Columbia.
10365. Potomac River.
12984. New Bedford, Massachusetts.
15091. Tompkinsville, New York.
15350. Eastern coast of United States.
15628. New Tork Market.
19759. Eastern coast of the United States.
19876. Potomac River.
19877.
19878.
19916.
20199.
20756.
22621.
23472.
24249.
Potomac River.
Eastern coast of the United States,
Newport, Rhode Island.
Potomac River.
Chesapeake Bay.
Providence, Rhode Island.
78 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
PLEURONECTID/E.
17. Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walb.) Gill.
14691. Portland, Maine.
14G92.
14093.
14094.
14695.
14696.
14697.
14099.
14700.
14701.
14702.
14704.
14706.
14707.
14708.
14709.
14710.
14711.
14712.
14714.
14716.
14717.
14718.
14719.
14721.
14722.
14723.
14724.
14725.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
14726.
14727.
14728.
14729.
14730.
14731.
14732.
14733.
14734.
14735.
14738.
14739.
14740.
14741.
17231;
17232.
17233.
17234.
17235.
17236.
17237.
17238.
17239.
17240.
20868.
20874.
20953.
22730.
23179.
Wood's Holl, Massachasetta.
New York Market.
Washington Mk't, from Portland, Me.
BuGksport, Maine.
Eastern Coast of United States.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
18. Limanda ferruginea (Storer) Goode & Bean.
21020. Halifax, Nova Scotia^
21033. " "
21051. ■ " "
21504. Salem, Massachusetts.
21902. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
19. Pleuronectes glaber (Storer) Gill.
• 14657. Portland, Maine.
14658. " "
14660. " "
14661. ", "
14662. "* "
14663. " "
14665. " "
14666. " "
14667. " "
14668. " ••
14669. " ' "
14670. " "
14671. " "
14672. " ••
14673. " "
14677. " "
14679. " "
14680. " "
22323. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
22691. Milk Island Trap, Gloucester, Mass.
24625. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
24626. Gulf of Maine.
14683.
14684.
14685.
17163.
17164.
17165.
17166.
17167.
17168.
17169.
17170.
17171.
17172.
17173.
20903.
20904.
20954.
22241.
Portland, Maine.
20. Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Linn.) Gill.
21000.
21001.
21005.
21019.
21032.
21047.
21060.
Massachusetts Bay.
Le Have Bank.
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Mouth of Harbor, Halifax, N. S.
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Le Have Bank.
21817.
21821.
21908.
22694.
23141.
24632.
Washington Market.
Bucksport, Maine.
Washington Market, from Portland, Me.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Milk Island Trap, Gloucester, Mass.
Massachusetts Bay.
Chebacto Head, Nova Scotia.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
79
21. Lophopsetta maculata (Mitch.)
14633. Wood's Holl, Mass.ichusetta.
Gill.
14634.
14636.
14638.
14639.
14640.
14641.
14042.
14043.
14644,
14647.
14648.
14649.
14652.
14653.
14654.
14655.
10002.
17151.
17152.
17153.
Portland, Maine.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Eaatport, Maine.
Noauk, Connecticut.
17154.
17155.
17156.
17157.
17158.
17159.
17160.
17161.
17162,
19429.
19753.
22313.
22372.
22693.
22735.
22759.
23763.
24221.
24262.
24349.
Noank, Connecticut.
Charleston, South Carolina.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Eastern coast of United States.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Eastern coast of United States.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Off Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts.
Provincetown, Massachusetts.
22. Citharichthys spilopterus Gtlir. ?
23520. Crisfield, Maryland.
23. Hippoglossoides platessoides (Fabr.) Gill.
21009.
21021.
21023.
21037.
21045.
21046.
21052.
21004.
21005.
21785.
21818.
22288.
22629.
Halifax, Xova Scotia.
Off Haliias, Nova Scoti.a.
Halifax, Xova Scotia.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Lat. 42° 49'lSr., Lon. 62° 55' W.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
23142. Massachusetts Bay.
23920. Sable Island.
24602. Massachusetts Bay.
24606. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
24607. " "
24609.
24611. " "
24612. " "
24619. " "
24621. " "
24627. " "
24633. " "
24634. " "
24. Pseudorhombus dentatus (Linn.) Gthr.
Chcenopsetta ocellaris (DeKay) GUI.
Chcenopsetta dentata (Storer) Gill.
14028. Noank, Connecticut.
14629.
14630.
16029.
16318.
17114.
18442.
18443.
18444.
18445.
18446.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Charleston, South Carolina.
Saint John's River, Florida.
18447.
18531.
18532.
19397.
19398.
19501.
20982.
21279.
22717.
22908.
23528.
25. Pseudorhombus oblongus (Mitch.) Gthr.
Chcenopsetta oblonga (Mitch.) GiL.
10677. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
10678.
10679. "
10682. "
10683. "
10716. "
14624.
14625.
14626.
14627.
19299.
24365.
Saint John's River, Florida.
Kinston, North Carolina.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Beaufort, North Carolina.
Charleston, South Carolina.
Saint Jolm's River, Florida.
Eastern coast of United States.
Crisfield, Maryland.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Provincetown, Massachusetts.
80
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
26. Hippoglossus vulgaris Flem.
23394. Jeffrey's Bank.
I 24242. Jeffrey's Bank.
MACRURID^.
27. Macrurus Bairdii Goode & Bean.
23140. Grand Banks. | 24313. Gloucester, Maasachusetta.
28. Macrurus Fabricii Sundeval.
Lat. 42° 46' N., Lon. 63° 45* "W.
Off coast of New England.
Lat. 43° 53' N., Lon. 59° 05' "W.
Off coast of New England.
21615.
21783.
21806.
22280.
22646.
22747.
22748.
22872.
22873.
22875.
22876.
23054.
Sablo Island Bank.
Off coast of New England.
Banquereau.
23055.
23057.
23058.
23059.
23060.
23061.
23909.
24285.
24286.
24702.
24703.
Banquereau.
Lat. 44° 20* N., Lon. 57° 57' W.
Off coast of New England.
GADID^.
29. Pollacliius carbonarius (Linn.) Bonn.
Eastport, Maine.
14615.
14616.
14617.
14618.
14621.
30. Gadus morrhua Linn.
22215.
22770.
22837.
23156.
23166.
23764.
Noman's Land.
"Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Provincetown, Massachusetts.
31. Microgadus tomcodus (Walb.) Gill
10778. "Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
10779. " "
13015. " "
13019. " "
13835. " "
14009.
14590.
14591.
14592.
14594.
14597.
14598.
14599.
14600.
14601.
14602.
14603.
32. Phycis chuss (Wall).) Gill.
22630. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
Eastport, Maine.
Portland, Maine.
"Wood's noil, Massachusetts.
21794.
22690.
22796.
24219.
24451.
24217.
24218.
24347.
24380.
24419.
25212.
14604.
14605.
14606.
14607.
14608.
14609.
14610.
17611.
17746.
20595.
21454.
22221.
23158.
24445.
24457.
24513.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Provincetown, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81
33. Phycis tenuis (Mitcli.) DeKay.
10450. Eastpoit, Maine.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
14568.
14569.
14573.
14575.
14576.
14577.
14578.
14582.
14583.
14584.
14585.
19164.
19166.
19169.
19172.
19174.
Eastport, Maine.
Portland, Maine.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
19176.
19756.
21018,
21616.
21790.
21796
21S16.
#2321.
22631.
22653.
22701.
22722.
24373.
24143.
24464.
24574.
24610.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Eaatem coast of United St^ates.
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Lat. 42° 42' N., Lon. 64° 20' W.
Gloucester, M.ujsachusetts.
New England.
Provincetown, Massachusetts (14).
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
34. Phycis regius (Walb.) Jorduii & Gilbert.
16845. New York Aquarium.
16847. East coast of United States.
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
20923. East coast of United States.
35. Onos (Rhinonemus) cimbrius (L.) Goode ».t Beau.
23149. Gloucester, Massachusetts. I 23761. Provincetown, Massachusetts.
23180. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
36. Haloporphyrus viola Goode & Bean.
23062. Lat. 44° 20' N., Lon. 57° 57' W.
23063. " "
23918. Grand Banks.
24251. Lat. 43° 41' N., Lon. 59° 15' W.
24301. Lat. 44° 13' N., Lon. 58° 02' W.
37. Lota maculosa (LeS.) Rich.
11019. Sandusky, Ohio.
11020.
11022,
11024.
1120L
11202.
11203.
12452.
12466.
24713. Lat. 43° 17' N., Lon. 51° 25' W.
24714. Grand Banks, western edge.
24746. Banquereau.
24747. Lat, 59° 04' N., Lon. 43° 56' W.
Alpena, Michigan.
Apostle Island, Lake Superior.
15860.
16637.
16638.
16639.
1GG40.
17782.
17783.
19793.
22926.
New York Market.
Sandusky,
Ohio.
Alpena, Michigan.
Lake Superior.
MEELUCIID^.
38, Merlucius bilinearis (Mitcli.) Gill.
13010. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Portland, Maine.
Eastport, Maine.
14560.
14561.
14562.
14563.
14564.
14565.
14566.
14952.
1^797.
18705.
18706.
18707.
18708.
18709.
18710.
18711.
18730,
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Eastern coast of United States.
New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80-
18731.
18732.
18733.
19757.
19846.
19867.
20848.
21055.
21793.
22649.
22698.
23154.
24240.
24241.
24268.
24525.
24715.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Neman's Land,
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Lat. 42° 53' N., Lon. 69° 14' W.
Jeffrey's Bank.
Lat, 42° 53' N,, Lon, 69° 14' W.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Lat. 42° 53' N,, Lon. 69° 14' W.
]flay 34, 1880.
82 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
LYCODIDiE.
39. Lycodes Valilii Reinh.
24239. East I>aiiqiiorcau.
40. Zoarces aiiguillaris (Peck) Storer.
14553. Eastpoit, Maine.
14554.
14556.
14557. Portlaud, Maine.
14558.
14559. "
21784. Gloucester, Massacliusetts.
22G32.
22C58. " "
22C95. " "
22871. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
23084. " "
23193. Massachusetts Bay.
237G0. ProviIlceto^™, Massachusetts.
23910.
24002,
24311.
24346.
24382.
CRYPTACANTHID^.
41. Cryptacaiithodes maculatus Storer.
21433. Eastern coast of United States.
21857. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
24254. Fishing Banks, off New England.
24255. Fishing Banks, ofFIirew England.
24710. " "
24737. " "
XIPHIDIONTID^.
42. Muraenoides gunneUus (L.) Goocle & Bean.
Muroenoides mucronatus (Mitch. ) GiU.
13429. "Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts.
13432.
13438. " "
13848. Eastport, Maine.
1C503. Eastern coast of United States.
19827. Wood's Uoll, Massachusetts.
19847. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
22842. " "
231G4. IJTe-w Bedford, Massachusetts.
231G5. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
24926. " "
ANARRHICHADID^.
43. Anarrhichas lupus L.
23906. East coast of United States.
23907. " "
24234. Lat. 42° 10' N., Lon. 6C° 30' "W.
24235. 8 miles S. E. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
24099. 5 miles S. S. E. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
24700. "
44. Anarrhichas minor Olafsen.
24233. Lat. 44° 30' If., Lon. 57° 10' "W., 250 fths. | 24237. Lat. 43° 52' N., Lon. 59° 09' "W., 200 fths.
45. Anarrhichas latifrons Steenstrup & Hallg.
24238. Lat. 42° 53' N"., Lon. 59° 09' "W., 200 fths.
24G98. Lat. 43° 33' N., Lon. 52° 06' "W., 150 fths.
21623. Lat. 42° 27' N., Lon. 64° 20' W., 28
fathoms.
21845. Banqucreau, 300 fathoms.
22710. East coast of United States.
25109. Lat. 43° 33' K, Lon. 52° 06' "W., 140 to 160
fathoms.
BLENNIIDiE.
46. Blenuius crinitus.
21959. Bermuda.
47. Labrosomus nuchipinnis (Q. & G.) Poey.
21240. Bermuda. | 21946. Bermuda
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
83
48. Batrachus tau Liun.
BATEACHID^.
6S23.
10711.
10743.
10744.
14542.
14543.
14544.
14545.
14540.
14548.
14543.
14550.
14551.
14552.
1C550.
East coast of United States.
"Wood's noil, Massaoliusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's noil, Massachusetts.
17210.
17211.
17212.
17213.
17214.
17215.
1721C.
17217.
17218.
17219.
17C09.
19758.
20632.
22760.
Koank, Connecticut.
"Wood's Holl, Massaoliusetts.
East coast of United States.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
49. Porichthys porosissimus.
CGG9. West coast of United States.
9316. San Diogo, California.
1704G. Santa Barbara, California.
20005. Santa Barbara, Califomia.
22333. Monterey, Califomia. .
24814. San Diego, California.
URANOSCOPID^.
50. Astroscopus anoplus (C. &V.) Brevoort.
7304. Eastern United States.
CYCLOPTERIDJE.
51. Cyclopterus lumpus Linu.
20698. Newport, Ehode Islaed.
52. Gobius soporator.
21935. Bermuda,
53. Eleotris.
19S80 ?
54. Dormitator.
19881 ?
I 23051. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
GOBIID^.
I 19882 f
TEIGLIDiE.
55. Dactylopterus volitans (Linn.) Lac.
18579.
18580.
18581.
18582.
18583.
18584.
18585.
18586.
18587.
18588.
18589.
18590.
18591.
18592.
18593.
18594.
18595.
18596.
18597.
18598.
"Wood
s noR, Massachusetts.
18599. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18600. " "
18601. " "
18602. " "
18603. " "
1S605. " "
18606. " "
18607. " "
18608. " "
18609. " "
18610. " *•
18611. " "
18612. " ♦♦
18613. " "
18614. " "
18615. " "
18616. " «'
18617. " "
18618. " "
18619. " "
84
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
18G20.
18622.
18623.
18624.
18625.
1862G.
18627.
18628.
1862&.
18630.
18631.
18632.
18633.
18634.
18635.
18636.
18637.
18638.
18639.
18640.
18643.
18644.
18645.
18646.
18647.
18648.
18649.
18650.
18651.
18652.
18653.
18654.
"Wood's Holl, Massaclinsett8.
56. Prionotus evolans (L.) Gill.
13575.
13581.
14534.
14535.
1453C.
14537.
14538.
14539.
14540.
14955.
16004.
16008.
16009.
16011.
16593.
18868.
18869.
18870.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noant, Connectiout.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18655.
18656.
18657.
18658.
18659.
18660.
18661.
18662.
18663.
18664.
18665.
18666.
18667.
18668.
18669.
18670.
18671.
18672.
18673.
18674.
18676.
18677.
18678.
18679.
18680.
18681.
18682.
18683.
18684.
20835.
24481.
24497.
18871.
18872.
18873.
18874.
18875.
18876.
18877.
18878.
18879.
19307.
19308.
19310.
20703.
21442.
21652.
22713.
22750.
22754.
Wood
s HoU, Massachusetts.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Kewport, Rhode Island.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Kewport, Rhode Island.
East coast of United States.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
57. Prionotus carolinus (Liun.) C. & V.
14528.
14529.
14530.
14531.
14532.
14533.
16032.
16309.
17142.
17143.
17144.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
17145.
17146.
17147.
17148.
17149.
17150.
19341.
19342.
19343.
19344.
19345.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
19346,
19347.
19348.
19349.
19350.
19352.
19353.
19354.
19356.
19357.
19358.
19400.
19401.
"Wood's Hell, Massachusetts.
19403.
19404.
19405.
1940G.
19407.
19408.
19409.
19410.
19415.
20664.
21443.
23531.
Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts
Coliasset Narrows, Massachusetts.
Crisfield, Maryland.
AGONID^.
58. Aspidophoroides monopterygius (Blocli) Storer.
23174. Massachusetts Bay. | 24336. Provincetown, Maasachusotts.
60
COTTID^.
. Cottus
octodecimspinosus
Mitch.
14514.
Portland, Maine.
19188.
14515.
19189.
14516.
19190.
14518.
19191.
14519.
19192.
14520.
19193.
14522.
19194.
14523.
19195.
14525.
19749.
14526.
21036.
19186.
"Wood's Holl,
Massachusetts.
21507.
19187.
" "
22266.
. Cottus
aeneus Mitch.
10365.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
15093.
10367.
16185.
13516.
20883.
13522.
20889.
13525,
21457.
13530.
22766.
13541.
'»
23159.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Coast of Massachusetts.
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Salem, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
TompTdnsville, New York.
Noank, Connecticut.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
61. Cottus scorpius L., suhsii. groulandicus C. & V,
CoUus grmnlandicus Cuv. & Val.
14507. Portland, Maine.
14509. " "
14510. " "
14511. Eastport, Maine.
62. Cottus scorpioides Fabr.
21744. Cumberland Gulf.
21506. Salem, Massachusetts.
22314. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
22648. " "
I 22331. Cumherland Gulf.
63. Centridermichthys uncinatus (Rhdt^ Giiuth.
24340. East coast of United States.
64. Gymnacanthus pistilUger (Pall.) GiU MSS.
21732. Disco Island, Greenland. I 21741. ^ Niantilic Harbor, Cumherland Gulf.
21735. " " I
86
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
HEMITEIPTERID^.
65. Heniitriptenis americanus (Gmel.) Storer.
14497. Eastport, Maine.
14499.
14500.
14502.
1450X
14504.
14505,
Portland, Maine.
Noank, Connecticut.
■Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts.
14959. Coast of Massacliusetts.
16438. Boston, Mas-sachusetts.
Nantucket, Ilhode Island.
1G514.
1C558.
16594.
19412.
19413.
19414.
19748.
20G96.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Newport, Rhode Island.
20956.
21010.
21026.
21035.
21508.
21646.
21795.
22269.
22283.
22315.
22647.
22655.
22699.
22839.
22843.
24368.
Bucksport, Mt»ine.
Halifax, Kova Scotia.
Salem, Massachusetts.
Newiiort, Ilhode Island.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
"Wood'
3 Holl, Massachnsetta.
Grand Banks.
SCORP^NID^.
66. Sebastes mariiius Linn.
Sebastes viviparua Kroyei.
14472. Eastport, Maine.
14473. "II
14474. " "
14476. "
14477. " "
14478. "
14479. " "
144S0. •• »
14484. "
14486. " "
14488. " "
14489. " "
14490. " "
14495. " "
14496. " "
21G20. Lat. 42° 42' N., Lon. 64° 20' W., 270 to
300 fathoms.
21792. Gloucester, Massachxisetts.
21811. " "
222G7. " "
22298. East coast of United States.
22299. " "
22651. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
22700. " "
22882. East coast of United States.
23092. " "
23143. Massachusetts Bay.
23774. "
23775. "
23911. Banquereau.
24637. Halifax, Nova Scotiiv.
67. Sebastomus melanops (Grd.) Gill.
21582. Washington Territory.
68. Scarus radians Val.
21373. Bermuda.
SOARID^.
I 21882. Bermuda.
69. Pseudoscarus vetula (Schn.) Gill.
21880. Bermuda.
LAARIDiE.
70. ChcerojuKs radiatus (L.) Goode.
21879. Bermuda.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
87
Noank, Connecticut,
71. Tautoga onitis (Linu.) Gtlir.
10598. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
10599.
10643.
13C30.
14446.
14453.
14454.
14455.
14456.
14457.
14458.
14459.
14460.
i44«l.
14462.
14463.
14464.
14466.
14467.
17610.
17611.
17612.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
17613.
17614.
17C15.
17616.
17618.
17619.
17620.
17621.
17622.
22725.
22769.
22914.
22915.
22916.
24438.
24444.
24447.
24455.
24473.
24507.
24519.
24572.
Wood's Holl, Mussachnsctts.
Massachusetts Bay.
Wood's Holl, Mxissachusctta.
72. Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walb.) Gill.
10745.
10746.
14431.
14432.
14433.
14434.
14435.
14436.
14438.
14439.
14440.
14441.
14442.
14443.
14444.
14445.
14446.
14447.
14448.
14449.
14450.
14452.
16034.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Portland, Maine.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
17555.
17556.
17557.
1755S.
17559.
17560.
17561.
17562.
17563.
17564.
17617.
17623.
17624.
17625.
17026.
17627.
17628.
17629.
22652.
22742.
22707.
23908.
Noank, Connecticut.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Provincotown, Massachusetts .
73. Oxyjulis modestus (Grd.) Gill.
17025. Santa Barbara, California.
I 17027. Santa Barbara, California.
POJUACENTEID^.
74. Glyphidodon saxatlHs (L.) C. «fe V.
10333.
Bermuda.
16856.
18207.
18208.
18209.
18210.
18211.
18212.
18213.
18214.
18215.
18216.
18217.
18218.
21984.
Bermuda..
88
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CICHLID^.
75. Heros.
19908. West coast of Central America.
76. Embiotoca Jacksoni Ag.
17048. Santa Barbara, California.
17049.
I 19910. West coast of Central America.
EMBIOTOCID^.
I 22255. California.
77. Taeniotoca lateralis (Ag.) A. Ag.
C216. Presidio, California.
22250. California.
78. Holconotus rhodoterus Ag.
566. Presidio, California.
Humboldt Bay.
San Diego, California.
Santa Barbara, California.
Santa Cruz Island, California.
567.
572.
17028.
17029.
22259.
22304.
California.
17030.
Santa Barl
17031.
"
17032.
"
17033.
"
20340.
California.
CH^TODONTID^.
79. Sarathrodus bimaculatus (Blocli) Poey
18197. Bermuda.
181108. "
18199.
18200.
18201. "
80. Holacanthus ciliaris Lac.
18243.
18244.
Bermuda.
18202.
Bermuda.
18203.
"
18204.
"
18205.
"
18206.
"
21876.
Bermuda
23782.
"
TRICHIURID^.
81. Trichiurus lepturus Linn.
19504.
19G7C.
19677.
Beaufort, North Carolina.
North Carolina.
21541.
22817.*"
23139.
SCOMBRID^,
82. Scomber scombrus Linn.
.10004. Washington Market, from New Enj
10605.
10650.
10651.
13593.
13594,.
13595.
13597.
14429.
16224.
16443.
16494.
18989.
18990.
18991.
1899*i.
Wood's Hell, Massachusetts.
Portland, Maine.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
New York Market.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
18993.
18994.
18995.
18996.
18997.
18998.
18999.
19000.
21808.
23769.
24463.
24506.
24514.
24568.
24594.
25183.
83. Scomber pueumatophorus De la Roclie.
23754. Provincetown, Massachusetts.
Charleston, South Carolina.
Pensacola, Florida.
Southern coast United States.
Wood'.s HoU, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Provincetown, Massachusetts.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
89
84. Sarda pelamys (L.) Cuv.
8482. NewTork.
14423. Noank, Connecticut.
14424.
14425.
85. Orcynus pelamys (L.) Poey.
21556. Wood's Holl, Massacliuseits.
86. Cybium maculatum (Mitcli.) Cuv.
23118. WashingtOD Market.
14426. Noank, Coimecticnt.
15435. Mouth Potomac River.
22728. East coast "United States.
22778. , "
I 21557. Wood's Holl, Massacliusetta.
CARANGID^.
87. Vomer setipinnis (Mitcli.) Ayres.
1G838. New York Market.
19735. East coast United States.
88. Argyreiosus vomer (Liuu.) C. & V.
195U6. Beaufort, North Carolina.
89. Decapterus punctatus (Ag.) Gill.
18120. Bermudas.
18121.
18122.
18123.
18124.
18125.
18126.
18127. "
18128.
18129.
18130.
18131.
18951.
18952.
21655.
22753.
NeTTport, Hhode Island.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts,
18953.
18954.
18955.
18956.
18957.
18958.
18959.
18960.
18961.
18962.
18963.
18964.
19143.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
90. Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Blocli) Gill.
18685.
18686.
18687.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18689.
18690.
18691.
18692.
18693.
18694.
18695.
18696.
18697.
18698.
18699.
18700.
18701.
18702.
18703.
18704.
18725.
18726.
18727.
18728.
18729.
18982.
18983.
21638.
22368.
22784.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Newport, Rhode Island.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
91. Carangus pisquetus (C. & V.) Grd.
Paratracttis pisquetus (C. & Y.) GUI.
5991. Florida.
13663. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
14401.
14402. "
14403. " "
14404. " "
1440G. " "
14407.
14408.
14409.
14410.
14412.
14414.
14415.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
90 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
1441G. Wood's IIoll, Massaclnisctts.
14417. "
14418. •'
1G568. •"
17199. "
17200. "
17201. "
17202. "
17203. ■ "
17204. "
17205. "
17206. "
17207. "
17208. "
18807. "
19020. "
19255. "
92. Carangus hippos (L.) Gill.
14389. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
14390. "
14391. "
14392. "
14393. "
14394. "
14395. "
14396. "
14398. "
14400. "
18779. "
18780. "
18781. "
18782. "
18783. "
88784. "
18785. "
18786. "
18787. "
18788.
19296.
19298.
19377.
19378.
19381.
19383.
19384.
19386.
19388.
19391.
19392.
19393.
19394.
20G28.
20755.
21037.
22781.
18789.
18790.
18791.
18792.
18793.
18794.
18795.
18790.
18797.
18798.
18799.
18800.
18801.
18802.
18803.
19492.
20842.
21054.
24922.
Wood's Holl, Massacliusetta.
Newport, Rhode Island.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Beaufort, Xort^i Carolina.
Newport, Rhode Island.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
93. Blepharichthys crinitus (Akerly) Gill.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Mauritius.
13087.
13088.
16413.
16520.
19984.
19985.
19986.
19987.
94. Trachynotus carolinus (L.) Gill.
16249. New York Market.
18808. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18809. "
18810. "
18811. "
18812. "
18813. "
18814. •'
18815. "
18816. "
18817. "
18818. "
18819. "
188-:0. ««
18821, •♦
19988.
20205.
20682.
20705.
20750.
21040.
22752.
18822.
18823.
18824.
18825.
18826.
18827.
18828.
18829.
18830.
18831.
18832.
22322.
22737.
22768.
Mauritius.
Newport, Rhode Island.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Ncw7)ort, Rhode Island.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91
95. Seriola zonata (Mitch.) C. & V.
Halatractus zonatus (Mitch.) Gill.
10402. Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts.
12905.
12998.
12999.
14384.
143S5.
14387.
143S8.
14953.
10282.
1G393.
1C543.
16569.
18965.
189GC.
189G7.
■ 18968.
19018.
East coast of United States.
Wood's lIoH, Massachusetts.
Kew Bedford, Massachusetts.
"Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
19019.
19274.
19365.
19366.
19367.
19368.
19369.
19370.
19371.
19372.
19374.
19395.
20197.
20646.
20050.
20743.
21036.
22774.
Wood's HoH, Massachusetts.
Nowjioit, Ehode Island.
Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts.
Newport, Ehode Island.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
COKYPHJENID^.
96. Coryphaena Sueuri C. & V.
16485. Kew York Market.
STROMATEID^.
97. Palinurichthys perciformis (Mitch.)
14055. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
16080.
16081.
16082.
16083.
16084.
16085.
16086.
10087.
16088.
16089.
16090.
16337.
16516.
19285.
19286.
10287.
Off Xoman's Land.
Wood's noil, Massachusetts.
New York Market.
Wood's IIoll, Massachusetts.
Gill.
19288.
19289.
19290.
19291.
19292.
19305.
19750.
20704.
22650.
22746.
22913.
24252.
24253.
24375.
24418.
24431.
24432.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
Newport, Ilhodo Island.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Eishing banks off coast of Maine.
East coast of United States.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
98. Poronotus triacanthus (Peck) Gill.
10705. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
10706. " "
13249. " "
13267. " "
13270. " '•
13271. " "
13275. " "
13276. " "
13278. " "
13279. " "
14358. " "
14360. " ••
14361. " "
14362. " '»
14304.
14367.
14368.
Noank, Connecticut.
14369.
14370.
14371.
14372.
14373.
14374.
14375.
14376.
14377.
14378.
14379.
14381.
14382.
14383.
14939.
14944.
14951.
Noank, Connecticut,
Eastport, Maine.
Portland, Maine.
Norfolk, Virginia.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
92
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
15082.
1G459.
17188.
17189.
17190.
17191.
17192.
17193.
17194.
17195.
Tomjilcin.svillo, Nc'w Torli.
"Wood's noil, MassachusettB.
Noank, Connecticut.
17196.
17197.
17198.
20G51.
21667.
23155.
24259.
24260.
24927.
Ifoank, Connecticut,
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Banquereau.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Off coast of Maine.
"Vineyard Sound.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
99. Peprilus alepidotus (L.) Cuv.
Peprilus Gardenii (Bl. Schn.) GilL
12871. Off coast of Florida.
15372. "Washington Market.
15373.
19499. Beaufort, ITorth Carolinft.
22924. Jlorfolk, "Virginia.
LATILID^.
100. Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps Goode & Bean.
24291. Lat. 40° 10' N., Lou. 70° 56' "W., 75 fathoms.
BERYCID^.
101. Holocentrum sogo Blocli.
18071. Bermuda.
18072.
18073.
18074.
18075.
18076.
18077.
18078.
18079.
18080.
18081.
18082.
18083.
18084.
18085.
18086.
18087.
21891.
Bermuda.
SCIiENID^.
102. Cynoscion carolinensis (C. & V.) Gill.
8315.
12807.
19459.
19651.
19652.
Saint John's Eiver, Florida.
Norfolk, Virginia.
Fort Macon, North Carolina.
Beaufort, North Carolina.
19653.
19654.
19713.
22932.
24684.
Beaufort, North Carolina.
Fort Macon, North Carolina.
Off coast of North Carolina.
Near Charleston, South Carolinx
103. Cynoscion regalis (Blocli) Gill.
12804.
14356.
16323.
16429.
16548.
18880.
18881.
18882.
18883.
18884.
1S885.
Norfolk, Virginia.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18886. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18887.
18888.
18889.
18890.
18891.
18892.
1S94'8. "
22307.
23195. "
23508. Norfolk, Virginia.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
93
104. Pogonias cromis Lac.
17904. Saiut John's River, Florida.
1790.'). " "
17906. " "
17907. "
17908. " "
17909. " "
17910. " "
17911. " "
17912. " "
18303. " "
18405. " "
18406. " "
18407.
18408.
18409.
18410.
18411.
18484.
19040.
19041.
19764.
22779.
24090.
S;sint John's River, Florida.
Florida.
Southeast coast United States.
Near Charleston, South Carolina.
105. Liostomus obliquus (Mitch.) De Kay.
16850.
18047.
18333.
18334.
18336.
18448.
Ne-w York Maricot.
Mouth of Saint John's River, Florida.
Saint John's River, Florida.
18449.
18450.
19055.
21283.
24484.
24688.
Saint John's River, Florida.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Near Charleston, South Carolina.
106. Bairdiella argyroleuca (Mitcli.) Gill.
Bairdiella punctata (L.) Gill.
3370. Southeast coast of United States.
Brunswick, Georgia.
Mouth of Saint John's River, Florida.
Saint John's River, Florida.
17755.
18050.
18335.
18498.
18499.
18500.
18501.
18502.
18503.
18504.
18505.
18506.
18507.
18508.
18509.
18510.
18511.
18512.
19002.
22927.
23109.
Saint John's River, Florida.
Florida.
South Carolina.
107. Sciasnops ocellatus (Linn.) Gill.
18317. Saint John's River, Florida.
19498. Beaufort, North Carolina.
19655. " "
19714.
22716.
Fort Macon, North Carolina.
Southern coast of United States.
108. Menticirrus nebulosus (Mitch.) Gill.
10701. "Wood's Holl, Ma.ssachuaetts.
10709.
14353. Noank, Connecticut.
14354. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
15579. New York Market.
18712. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18713.
18847.
18848.
18849.
18850.
18851.
18852.
188,53.
18854.
18855.
18856.
18857.
18858.
18859.
21441.
22757.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Cohasset Narro *s, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
109. Menticirrus littoralis (Holbr.) Gill
19081. Florida.
19082. "
19083. "
10084. "
19085. "
19086. "
19087. Florida.
19088.
19089.
19090.
19091.
94
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
110. Micropogon undulatus (L.) C. & V.
18332. Siiint John's River, Florida.
18493.
18494.
85. Orcynus pelaniys (L.) Poey.
213G4. Bermuda.
112. Haploidonotus grunniens Eaf.
9504. Mississippi Valley.
Sandusky, Ohio.
18495.
22740.
22933.
Saint John's Eiver, Florida.
East coast of United States.
21881. Bermuda.
11037.
11040.
11041.
11089.
12279.
12285.
12286.
12287.
12288.
17768.
17769.
Ausable Eiver, Michigan.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Detroit, Michigan.
Sandusky, Ohio.
17770.
17771.
17772.
17773.
17774.
17775.
17776.
17777.
17778.
17779.
17780.
17781.
GEH-EID^.
Sandusky, Ohio.
113. Diapterus gula.
21896. Bermuda,
23557. "
23562. "
23564. "
23567. "
23568. "
23509.
23570. "
23571. "
23576. "
23579. "
114. Diapterus Lefroyi Goode.
Eucinostoinus Lefroyi Goode.
181.'>7. Bermuda.
18158.
18159. "
18160. "
18161. "
18162.
18163, "
181C4. "
23580.
Bermuda.
23581.
"
23582.
"
23583.
"
23584.
"
23586.
«•
23587.
tt
23588.
"
23590.
"
23591.
it
23592.
u
18165.
18166.
Bern
mda.
181C7.
18168.
1 SI fiQ
18170.
1 i!171
18172.
PIMELEPTERIDiE.
115. Pimelepterus Boscii Lac.
10338. Bermuda.
18173. "
18174. "
18175. "
18176. " •
18177. "
18178.
18179. "
18180. "
■ 18181. "
18182. "
18183. «•
18184. "
18185. "
18186. «•
18187.
1 Q1 QQ
Bermuda.
ioloo,
18189.
«
18190.
1 Q101
"
loiyl.
18192.
..
18193.
"
18194.
••
18195.
"
18196.
li
20177.
"
21900.
t<
23547.
•4
23548.
4(
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
95
SPAKIDiE.
116. Lagodon rhomboides (L.) Holbrook.
s Kivcr, Florida.
17899. Saint John
17900,
17001.
1S:;43.
18344.
18345.
18346.
18451.
18452.
18453.
18454.
18455.
18456.
117. Archosaxgus probatocephalus ("\\
15578. New Tork Market.
18309. Saint John's lUver, Florida.
18389. "
18390.
183i^.
18392. "
18393.
18394.
18395. "
18396. "
18397.
18398. "
118. Stenotomus argyrops (L.) Gill.
18457. Saint John
18458.
18459.
184C0.
18461.
1S462.
19134.
19687.
19716.
21280.
21569.
21570.
24284.
s Eiver, Tlorida.
Florida.
Fort MacoE, North Carolina.
Saiat John's Eiver, Florida.
Charleston, South Carolina.
East coast of United States.
Wood's Hull, Massachusetts.
5940.
10652.
10668.
10702.
12922.
12923.
14326.
14327.
14328.
14329.
14330.
14331.
14332.
14333.
14335.
14336.
14337.
14338.
14339.
14340.
14341.
14342.
14344.
119. Sargus Holbrookii Bean.
20979. Chaileston, South Carolina.
22870. Now Tork Market.
lib.)
18399.
18400.
18401.
18402.
18403.
18404.
18413.
18414.
18415.
18410.
21546.
22729.
14345.
14347.
14348.
14349.
14350.
14351.
14352.
14964.
14965.
16007.
16030.
16042.
10049.
17186.
17187.
21436.
22758.
22925.
24468.
24491.
24508.
24512.
24545.
East coast of United States.
Gill.
Saiut John's Eiver, Florida.
Charleston, South Carolina.
East coast of United States.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Cohasset Narrows, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
Wood's
Holl, Massachusetts.
24691. Charleston, South Carolina.
120. Calamus megacephalus (Sw.) Poey.
21893. Bermuda.
121. Pagrus argenteus Schn. ?
24695. Off Charleston, South Carolina.
96
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
PEISTIPOMATID^.
122. Pristipoma fulvomaculatum (Mitch.) Gtlir.
22923. East coast of United States. | 23507. Norfolk, Virfe Tiia.
123. Haemylum xanthopterum C. & V.
18219. Benuuda.
18220.
18221. "
18222. "
18223. "
18224.
18225. "
18226. "
18227. "
18228. "
18229.
18230.
18231.
124. Haemylum flaviguttatus Gill.
19632. Colima.
18232.
18233.
18234.
18235.
18236.
18237.
18238.
18239.
18240.
18241.
18242.
20179.
21372.
Bermuda.
125. Haemylum.
19039. Florida.
126. Lutjauus caxis (Sclin.) Poey.
18101. Bermuda.
18102.
18103.
18104.
18105.
18106.
18107.
18108.
18109.
18110.
18111.
18112.
18113.
18114.
18115.
18116.
18117.
22798.
Bermuda.
127. Lutjanu.s Blackfordii Goode & Be.iu.
22795. Southern coast of United States.
128. Rhomboplites aurorubens (C. & V.) Gill.
21224. Charleston, South Carolina. | 21571. Charleston, South Carolina.
CENTRARCHIDJE.
129. Micropterus salmoides (Lac.) Gill.
Potomac Iliver.
B.iy City, Michigan.
Alpena, Michigan.
Charlestown, New Hampshire.
10715.
11100.
11208.
12308.
12309.
12310.
12809.
15517.
Norfolk, Virginia.
Potomac Kiver.
16844.
17791.
19014.
19015.
19610.
19617.
22727.
New York Market.
Eolyoke, Massachusetts.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Bay City, Michigan.
Potomac Eiver.
130. Micropterus pallidus (Raf.) Gill & Jordan.
10380.
10381.
11072.
12297.
12298.
12472.
Norfolk, Virginia.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Sandusky, Ohio.
15664.
1G910.
16911.
1G912.
16013.
16914.
New York M.arket.
Tangipahoa River, MississippL
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
97
17925.
17968.
18438.
18439.
18440.
19032.
19033.
19034.
Saint John'-s River, Florida.
%YiImiiiKton, North Carolina.
Saint John's River, Florida.
19035.
19036.
19037.
19038.
19039.
20555.
21278.
24812.
Saint John's River, Florida.
Jacksonville, Florida.
Saint John's River, Florid-o.
North Carolina.
131. Ambloplites rupestris (Eaf.) Gill.
4173. Rochester, Wisconsin.
Lake Champlain.
5707.
7667.
7673.
7686.
7705.
7708.
7734.
8469.
8926.
Yellow Creek, Ohio.
Racino, Wisconsin.
Cleveland, Ohio.
Yellow Creek, Ohio.
Red Rivei-, British America.
Sandusky, Ohio.
11013.
11014.
11016.
11218.
12415.
16919.
19022.
23183.
24666.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Alpena, Michigan.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Tangipahoa River, Mississippi.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Aux Plaines, lUinois.
132. Acantharcns pomotis (Bd.) Gill.
17844.
20353.
New Jersey.
Trenton, New Jersey.
24654. Watson's Creek, New Jersey.
133. Chasnobryttus gulosus (C. & V.) Gill
Chcenobryttv.s viridis (C. & V.) Jordan.
Saint John's River, Florida.
18384.
18385.
18387.
18514.
18515.
18516.
18517.
18519.
18520.
18521.
19096.
19097.
19098.
19099. Saint John's River, Florida.
19100. "
24753. Washington Market (from N
24754.
24755.
24756. "
24757. "
24758. "
24759. "
24760. "
24761. "
24769. "
24809. "
C).
134. Apomotis cyanellus (Eaf.) Jordan.
20052. Cumberland River, Tennessee.
135. Lepomis auritus (L.) Gill.
4220. Florida.
6246. Sing Sing, New York.
7757.
7775. " "
Rivers of east coast of United States.
15351. Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania.
18017. " "
20305. Havre <ie Grace, Maryland.
21453. Potomac River.
22230. "
136. Lepomis pallidus (Mitch.) Gill & Jordan.
11006.
11069.
11070.
11217.
12409.
19109.
19113.
19114.
19116.
19118.
19119.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Saint John's River, Florida.
19123.
19125.
19126.
19127.
19128.
19129.
19131.
19132.
19133.
24762.
24763.
Saint John's River, Florida.
North Carolina.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80-
Iflay 96, 1880.
98 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
137. Lepomis punctatus.
17948. Saint John's River, Florida.
18361. " "
18363. " "
18365. " "
18366. " "
18375. " "
18377.
18464.
18473.
18477.
18480.
23170.
Saint John's Eiver, Florida.
Florida.
138. Xenotis sanguinolentus (Ag.) Jordan.
16922. Tangipahoa Kiver, Mississippi.
139. Xenotis peltastes (Cope) Jordan.
3274. Eacine, Wisconsin.
I 9266. Michigan,
140. Xystroplites heros (B. & G.) Jordan.
4158. Saint Louis, Missouri.
141. Eupomotis aureus (Walb.) GiU & Jordan.
11063.
11064.
11065.
12952.
14941.
14942.
14962.
18260.
18261.
18262.
18263.
18264.
18265.
18266.
18267.
18268.
Sandusky, Ohio.
South Hadley Falls, Massacliusetts.
"Washington Market.
18269.
18270.
18271.
18272.
18273.
18274.
18275.
18276.
18277.
19631.
20304.
22863.
24668.
24768.
24810.
24877.
Washington Market.
142. Eupomotis speciosus (Holbr.) Gill
Saint John's Kiver, Florida,
18364.
18369.
18371.
18373.
18383.
18469.
18478.
19103.
19106.
19107.
19108.
19110.
19115.
19117.
19120.
Havre de G-race, Maryland.
Potomac River, Washington, D. C.
Aus Plaiaes, Illinois.
Washington Market, from North Carolina.
Saint John's River, Florida.
143. Enneacanthus margarotis Gill & Jordan.
20494. Watson's Creek, Mercer County, New Jersey.
144. Enneacanthus obesus (Baird) Gill.
24659. San Francisco Market, California.
145. Centrarchus irideus (Bosc.) C. & V.
7747. Tarhorough, North Carolina.
24601. Washington Market, from N. Carolina.
24662. North Carolina.
24676.
24677.
24748. Washington Market, from N, Carolina.
24749. Washington Market, from North Carolina.
24750. " "
24751. " "
24752. " ••
24766. " ••
24808. " ••
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99
146. Pomoxys nigromaculatus (LeS.) Girard.
10382.
Norfolk, Virginia.
18524.
10386.
" "
18525.
11007.
Sandusky, Ohio.
18526.
11011.
" "
19312.
IIIGO.
" "
19313.
12805.
Norfolk, Virginia.
19314.
17903.
Saint John's Elver, Florida.
19315.
17964.
Wilmington, North Carolina.
19317.
17965.
"
19318.
17967.
" "
19319.
17969.
"
19320.
17970.
" "
23181
18350.
Saint John's Eiver, Florida.
24767
18351.
"
24891.
147. Pomoxys annularis Eaf.
23182. Mississippi Valley.
Kinston, North Carolina.
Licking Elver, Ohio.
148. Epinephelus striatus (Bloch) Gill,
18088. Bermuda.
18089.
18090.
18091.
18092.
18093.
18094.
18095.
18096.
18097.
18098.
18099.
18100.
Sandusky, Ohio.
"Washington Market.
SERRANIDJE.
Bermuda.
149. Epinephelus guttatus (Gmelin) Goode.
12709. Bermuda. 19644. Florida.
18118. " 20182. Bermuda*
18119. " 21883.
150. Epinephelus morio (Ciiv.) Gill.
22775. Bermuda.
151. Centropristis atrarius (Linn.) Bam.
10642.
10667.
14321.
14322.
14323.
14324.
14325.
16026.
16574.
17174.
17175.
17176.
17177.
17178.
17179.
17180.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
17181.
17182.
17183.
17184.
17241.
19300.
19417.
19511.
19641.
19828.
21440.
22378.
22800.
22959.
24584.
Noank, Connecticut.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Beaufort, North Carolina.
Florida.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Cohasset Narrows, Massachusetts.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
152. Diplectrum fasiculare (C. & "V^.) Holbrook.
24692. Off Charleston, South Carolina.
100 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ETHEOSTOMATIDJE.
153. Percina caprodes (Eaf.) Girard.
1152. Mcadville, Pennsylvania.
Eacine, Wisconsin.
1201.
1202.
1223.
124C.
12G4.
130G.
"Wisconsin.
Columbus, Ohio.
"Wcstport, New Tork.
Poland, Ohio.
1317.
1309.
1394.
8145.
9G62.
9731.
20407.
Poland, Ohio.
Yellow Creek, Ohio.
Madrid, Kew York.
Ohio.
Potomac Kiver.
Pennsylvania.
154. Diiplesium blennioides (Raf.) Jordan.
1307. Black Eiver, Ohio.
155. Perca fluviatilis.
Per
7118.
7259.
7281.
7344.
7345.
7430. '
7441. Ohio.
7478.
ca americana Schrank.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Ohio.
Sandusky, Ohio.
8094.
8713.
8331.
8832.
8883.
10327.
10330.
11001.
11003.
11004.
11005.
11149.
11150.
11176.
12321.
12324.
12325.
12947.
Ecorse, Michigan.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Deep Lake, Illinois.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Van Hutton Lake, Michigan.
"Washington Market.
South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts.
PERCID^.
14976.
15333.
15334.
15335.
15336.
15337.
15338,
15339.
15340.
15341.
15342.
15343.
15344.
15345.
15346.
15347.
15348.
15402.
18527.
18528.
19450.
19491.
19779.
19781.
19782.
19783.
20550.
"Washington Market.
Chapman's Landing, Maryland.
Kinston, Js^orth Carolina,
Potomac Eiver.
Sandusky, Ohio,
Illinois.
156. Stizostethium vitreum (Mitcli.) Jordan & Copeland.
Stizostethium americamtm (Cuv.) Grd.
10811. Sandusky, Ohio.
11181. Ausahle, Michigan.
11182.
11183. "
11184. " "
111S6. " "
12391. Ecorse, Michigan.
12392.
12396. " "
19709.
Ecorse,
Michigan.
19776.
"
" „
22704.
East coast of United St.atea
22705.
"
"
22706.
"
•*
22707,
"
"
22715,
"
"
22741.
'•
(i
157. Stizostethium canadense (Smith) Jordan.
22238. Memphis, Tennessee.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101
LABRACID.E.
158. Morone americana (Ginel.) Gill.
1750. Sins Sing, Nevr York.
Potom.ac River.
Wootrs Holl, Massachusetts.
Wasbin^ton Market.
10633.
10634.
10090.
10729.
10730.
13354.
14319.
15323.
15324.
15325.
15326.
15327.
15328.
'.5329.
15330.
15331.
15332.
159. Roccus lineatus (Bl. Schn.) Gill.
10693. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Norfolk, Virginia.
Washington Market
12808.
19321.
19322.
19323.
19324. "
1932.5. "
1U326. «'
19327. "
19328. "
19329. "
19330. "
19331. "
19332. "
19333.
160. Roccus chrysops (Raf.) Gill?
9142. Sandusky, Ohio.
IIOOC.
11051. " "
161. Paralabrax clathrata Girard.
17037. Santa Cruz Island, California,
15471.
15472.
17127.
17128.
17129.
17130.
17242.
17243.
17244.
17245.
17246.
17247.
17248.
17249.
17250.
22308.
24925.
19334.
19335.
19336.
19337.
19338.
19339.,
19447.
19613.
22714.
22726.
22960.
23117.
24807.
24846.
12468.
19G20.
Chapman's Landing, Maryland.
Koank, Connecticut.
Potomac Tliver.
New Tork Market.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Washington Market*
Potomac Kiver.
Holyoke, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
Washington Market.
North Carolina.
Washington Market.
Sandusky, Ohio.
I 17038. Santa Barbara, California.
EPHIPPIID^.
162. Parephippus quadratus (Giin.) Gill.
19493. Beaufort, North Carolina.
POMATOMID.E.
163. Pomatomr^s saltatrix (Liiin.) Gill.
107G8. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. 17587. Noank, Connecticut.
Noank, Connecticut.
14097.
14312.
14313.
14314.
14315.
14316.
14318.
15554.
16124.
10125.
16139.
16371.
17585.
17586.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
New York Market.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Menemsha Bight, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
17587.
17588.
17589.
17590.
17591.
17592.
17593.
17594.
17595.
18491.
18492.
19054.
19301.
22719.
22762.
Saint John's Eiver, Florida.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
East coast of United States.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
102 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
AMMODYTIDiE.
164. Ammodytes americanus De Kay.
13095. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
16193.
16559. Nantucket, Khode Island.
19830. Wood's Holl, Massachusetta.
19842. " "
22841. " "
ECHENEIDID^.
165. Echeneis naucrateoides (Ziieiow).
20702. Newport, Ehode Island.
20843. " "
22776. East coast of United States.
22917. East coast of United States.
22918.
SPHYE^NID^.
166. Sphyraena borealis De Kay.
18754. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18755.
18756. "
18757. *"
18758. "
18759. "
18760.
18761. "
18762. "
18763. "
18764. "
18765. "
18766. "
18767.
18768.
18769.
18770.
18771.
18772.
18773.
18774.
18775.
18776.
18777.
18778.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
MUGILIDiE.
167. Mugil albula Linn.
Mugil liTieatus Mitch.
14930. North Carolina.
15307. Washington Market.
15308.
15309.
15310.
15311.
15312.
15313.
15315.
15316.
15317.
15318.
15319.
15320.
15321.
15322.
18568.
18569.
18570.
18571.
18572.
18804.
18805.
18806.
18807.
21635.
22387.
22777.
24510.
24697.
Washington Market.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Newport, Ehode Island.
Wood's H611, Massachusetts.
Near Charleston, South Carolina.
168. Mugil brasiHensis Ag.
24505. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
169. Mugil cephalotus Cuv. & Val.
18003. Honolulu, Hawaii.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ATHERINID^.
170. Chirostoma menidium (L.) Gill.
Christomanotata (Mitch.) Gill.
13318. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
17630.
17631.
17632.
17633. " "
17634. " ••
17635. •' "
17636. " "
17638. " "
17639. " "
17640. " '•
17641.
17642. " "
17643. " "
17644. " "
171. Belone longirostris (Mitcli.) Gill.
14018. Noank, Coimecticut.
17574.
17575.
17576.
17577.
17578.
17579.
17580.
17581.
17582.
17583.
17584.
18833.
18834.
18835.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
17645.
"Wood's Holl, Massaclineetta.
17646.
" •*
17647.
11 «
17648.
" "
17649.
« w
17650.
>t H
17651.
" ••
17G52.
1< M
17653.
" "
17654.
ti U
17655.
" "
22858.
Orland, Maine.
23157.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts
24541.
" "
24923.
it li
BELONID^.
Gill.
18836.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
18837.
"
18838.
" "
18839.
"
18840.
" "
18841.
" •♦
18842.
" "
18843.
li t<
18844.
•i i<
18845.
ii u
18S46.
" "
20629.
•t ti
21451.
it li
22371.
it ii
22773.
U l<
172. Belone hiaus.
21424. New York Market.
173. Belone latimanus Poey.
18721. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
I 21421. New York Market
SCOMBEESOCIDiE.
174. Hemirhamphus Pleii Val.
18132. Bermuda.
18133.
18134.
18133. "
18136. '•
18137. "
175. Scombresox saurus (Walb.) Flem.
SeomberMox seutellatus LeS.
19196. "Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
19197.
19203.
19204.
19205.
Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
18138.
18139.
18140.
18141.
18142.
18143.
19206.
19207.
19208.
19845,
Bermuda.
Capo Cod, Massachusetts.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
104 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
176. Esox lucius Linn.
11025. Sandusky, Ohio.
11027. " "
11143. " "
177. Esox nobilior Thompson.
11028. Saudusky, Ohio.
178. Esox americanus Gmelin.
1587. Piermont, New Tork.
ESOCID^.
12942.
15659.
17784.
t)814.
15711.
New Tork.
New Tork Market.
South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts.
New Tork Market.
Sandusky, Ohio.
I 11029. Sandusky, Ohio.
15716. New Tork Market.
20359. Trenton, New Jersey.
24771. Long Island, New Tork.
179. Esox reticulatus LeS.
Norfolk, Virginia.
10388.
12453.
12943.
15012.
17785.
South Hadley Falls, Masaachusetta,
"Washington Market.
Norfolk, Virginia.
17786. Norfolk, Virginia.
24848. Washington Market-
24892. "
24896. "
180. Umbra limi (Kirt.) Gunth.
Melanura limi (Eart.) Ag.
8807. Northfield, Illinois.
1^81. Dallia pectoralis Bean.
6661. Saint Michael's, Alaska.
UMBRID.^.
I 9288. Eacine, "Wisconsin.
CYPEINODONTID^.
17706.
Noank,
Connecticut, 1
17707.
"
17708.
"
17709.
"
17710.
"
17711.
"
17712.
II
17713.
II
17714.
It
17715.
II
17716.
II
17717.
It
17718.
"
3. Pundiilus pisculentus (Mitch.) Va
13762.
"Wood's
HoU
Massachusetts.
13901.
Casco Bay, Maine. ]
13903.
"
"
17681.
"Wood's
Holl
Massachusetts.
17682.
"
"
17683.
"
it
17684.
"
«»
17685.
It
tt
17686.
'•
It
17687.
"
It
17688.
(t
It
17689.
It
It
17690.
It
It
17691.
It
It
17692.
(1
(t
17719.
17720.
17721.
17722.
17724.
17725.
17726.
17727.
17728.
17729.
17730.
24581.
17693.
17094.
17095.
17696.
17697.
17698.
17699.
17700.
17701.
17702.
17703.
17704.
17705.
20888.
Noank, Connecticut.
"Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
"Wood
s Holl, Massachusetts.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105
184. Fundulus parvipinnis.
24S83. San Diego, California.
185. Hydrargyra majalis (Walb.) Val.
17656. Wood's Hell, Massacluisetts.
17657.
17658. " "
17659. " "
17G60. . " "
17G61. " "
17CG2. " "
17663. " "
17664. " "
17665. " "
17666. " "
17667. " "
17668. " "
176G9.
17670.
17671.
17672.
17673.
17674.
17675.
17676.
17677.
17G78.
17679.
17680.
"Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
PERCOPSIDiE.
186. Percopsis guttatus Ag.
G901. Lake Superior.
8746. " "
24772. Lake Superior
SYNODONTID^.
187. Synodus fcetens (Linn.) Gill.
19507. Beaufort, North Carolina.
MICROSTOMID^.
188. Mallotus villosus (Miiller) Cuv.
12698. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
189. Osmerus mordax (Mitch.) Gill.
24924. "Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
"Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
13330.
13339.
13866.
13936.
16113.
16186.
18971.
18972.
18973.
18974.
18975.
190. Osmerus pacificus.
23184. Naas River, Oregon.
18976.
18977.
18978.
18979.
18980.
19838.
20959.
20964.
23173.
24441.
24476.
"Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Bucksport, Maine.
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
I 23185. Eraser Eiver, British Columhis*.
COREGONID^.
191. Thymallus tricolor Cope.
11080. Ausablo River, Michigan.
11083.
11084.
11088.
11091.
11092.
11093.
192. Argyrosomus Artedi (LeS.) Hoy.
A. clupeiformis (Mitch.) Ag.
6813. Great Lakes.
10801. Sandusky, Ohio.
Aus.ahle River, Michigan.
11094.
11095.
11096.
11097.
11098.
19547.
19548.
11162. Sandusky, Ohio.
11195. Ausable River, Michigan.
106 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
193. Argyrosomus Artedi (LeS.) Hoy var. sisco Jor.
21501. Geneva Lake, Wisconsin.
SALMONID^.
194. Salmo salar Linn. var. sebago Girard.
10543. Grand Lake, Maine.
12370. Sebes Pond, Maine.
20764. Schoodic Lake, Maine.
195. Salmo irideus Gibbons.
22336. McCloud River, California.
22338. " "
22353. " "
22354. " "
22356. " "
22359. " "
22361. " "
22402.
22404.
22405.
22406.
22419.
22420.
22421.
22422.
22423.
22424.
22425.
22426.
22427.
22428.
22429.
California^
McCloud Kiver, California.
22430.
22431.
22432.
22454.
22455.
22456.
22457.
22458.
22459.
22460.
22462.
22463.
22464.
22465.
22470.
22471.
22473.
22474.
22475.
22476.
22484.
22485.
McCloud Kiver, California,
Clackamas River, Oregon.
McCloud River, California.
Clackamas River, Oregon.
196. Oncorhynchus quinnat (Rich.) Gthr.
22335.
22340.
22345.
22393.
22394.
22395.
22396.
22410.
22411.
22412.
22413.
22414.
22415.
22416.
22417.
22418.
22433.
McCloud River, California.
22434.
22435.
22436.
22437.
22438.
22440.
22441.
22444.
22445.
22447.
22448.
22449.
22481.
22482.
22483.
23153.
McCloud River, California.
California.
197. Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitch.) Gill & Jor.
3613. Madrid, New York.
6820. Sing Sing, New York.
7064. " "
7988. Madrid, New York,
16098. Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
16099. " "
21581 New York Market.
198. Salvelinus oquassa (Girard) Gill & Jor.
19521. New York Market.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 107
199. Salvelinus Bairdii (Suckley) Gill & Jor.
15533. McCloud River, California. 323.'J7. Clackamas River, Oregon.
22337.
22355. Clackamas River, Oregon.
22409. McCloud River. California.
ALEPIDOSAURID^.
200. Alepidosaurus ferox Lowe.
22294. OflF Gloucester, Massachusetts.
22640.
22641. Le Have Bank, 200-250 fathoms.
24243. L%t. 43° 06' N., Lon. 61° 18' W., 200 fths.
24244. "Western part Le Have Bank, 120 fathoms.
24296. Lat. 42° 37' N., Lon. 62° 55' "W., 200 fathoms.
24297. " " "
HYODONTID^.
201. Hycdon tergisus LeS.
11058.
Sandusky, Ohio.
11170.
" "
11221.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
12255.
"
12256.
" "
12257.
" "
12258.
It »
12259.
" "
12261.
11 (>
12262.
" "^
12263.
11 (i
12450.
12451.
12474.
12475.
12476.
12478.
12480.
185G4.
18566.
18567.
229C1.
Ecorse, Michigan.
Yellowstone River.
Pompey's Pillar.
Yellowstone River.
Sandusky, Ohio.
Ecorse, Michigiin.
ALBULID^.
202. Albvila vulpes.
Albula conorhynchus Bl. Schn.
18144. Bermuda,
18145.
18146. "
18147. "
18148. "
18149. "
18150. "
18151. "
18152. "
18153. Bermuda.
18154. "
18155. "
18156.
19788.
21560. New York Market.
21648. Kewport, Rhode Island.
21859. New Bedford, Massachusetts.
21863. New London, Connecticut.
203. Elops saurua Linu.
15573. New York Market.
15574.
15580.
16852.
18573.
18574.
18575.
18576.
New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
19637.
Florida.
19649.
Fort Macon, North Carolina.
19851.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
19874.
" "
21559.
New York Market,
22955.
"
24802.
"
24803.
tt
DUSSUMIERID^.
204. Etnimeus teres (DeKay) Brevoort.
19517. Wood's Holl, Massaclmsetts.
108 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CLUPEIDiE.
205. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe) Gooclc,
lirevoortia menhaden (Mitch.) Gill.
10C98. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
34;J02.
14303.
14304.
14305.
14306.
14307.
14308.
]4309.
14948.
16012.
16014.
16016.
18417.
18418.
18419.
Noank, Connecticut
"Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Saint John's Eiver. Florida.
18420.
18421.
18422.
18423.
18424.
18425.
18426.
18427.
18428.
18429.
18431.
19043.
19045.
22801.
24434.
24405.
Saint John's Eiver, Florida.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Torktown, Virginia,
Wood's Holl, Massachusettsk
206. Brevoortia patronus Goode,
21341. Pensacola, Florida.
22809. " "
I 22810. Pensacola, Florida.
22825.
207. Alosa sapidissima (Wils.) Linsly.
5472. New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Potomac Kiver.
South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
10626.
10627.
10629.
12944.
12945.
12946.
14292.
14293.
14294.
14295.
14296.
14297.
14298.
14299.
208. Opisthonema thrissa Gill.
19463. Eastern shore of Virginia.
Portland, Maine.
14300.
14301.
14847.
14931.
14934.
18513.
19209.
20469.
20472.
20970.
21225.
21414.
22953.
23107.
Portland, Maine.
Noank, Connecticut.
Neuse River, North Carolina.
Washington Market.
South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts.
Avoca, North Carolina.
Gravesend Bay, New York.
Avoca, North Carolina.
East coast of United States.
Avoca, North Carolina.
209. Pomolobus aestivalis (Mitch.) Goode & Bean.
P. pseudoharejir/tis (WUs.) Gill (La part).
22370. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts. | 23175. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
210. Pomolobus vernalis (Mitch.) Goode »& Bean.
P. pseudoharengus (Wils.) Gill (in part).
14848. Noank, Connecticut.
21439. Cohasset Narrows, Massachusetts.
22369. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
22786.
23176.
23177.
23178.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
211. Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson) Gill.
Under this name, whicli is now known to have been bestowed upon
the two distinct species immediately preceding it in this list, a number
of sj)ecimens were distributed in 1877. Pomolohus vernalis may be at
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109
once sejjarated from P. ci'stivalis by its larger eye and higher fins,
catalogue numbers of the mixed lot follow.
The
10644.
10645.
100.39.
10699.
10700.
10732.
10753.
14268.
14276.
"Wood'.s HoU, MassacTiusetts,
PortLand, Maiue.
14279.
14280.
14281.
14283.
14285.
14286.
14945.
14946.
212. Pomolobus mediocris (Mitch.) Gill.
r470.
10624.
10646.
10647.
10671.
10688.
12500.
12802.
15237.
New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Potomac. River.
"Wood's Hell, Massachusetts.
Potomac River.
Norfolk, Virsrinia.
Potomac River.
16753.
18432.
18433.
19456.
19715.
19751.
19785.
19871.
Portland, Maine
East coast of United States.
Potomac River.
Saint John's River, Florida.
Potomac River.
Port Macon, North Carolina.
East coast of United States.
New Bedford, Massachusetts.
213. Clupea harengus Liunteus.
14217. Eastport, Maine.
14218.
14220.
14230. " "
14232. " "
14235. " "
14238.
14241.
14242.
14245.
14248.
14251.
14256.
14257.
Portland, Maine.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
14259.
Wood's
Holl
Massachusetts.
14757.
Eastport, M
line.
14758.
'
17567.
'
17568.
'
17509.
'
17570.
'
17571.
'
17572.
'
17573.
'
21687.
Ipswich Bay
Massachusetts
22366.
Wood's
Holl
Massachusetts
24526.
'
'
"
DOKOSOMID^.
214. Dorosoma cepediaiium (Lac.) Gill
12314. Washington Market.
12315.
12803.
14991.
15073.
17131.
17132.
17133.
17134.
17135.
17136.
17137.
Norfolk, "Virginia.
Potomac River.
New York Market.
Potomac River.
17138. Potomac River.
17139.
17140.
17141.
18435. Saint John's River, Florida.
18436. " "
18437.
18529. Kinston, North Carolina.
18530. " "
19873. East coast of United States.
24678. Washington Market.
24975. "
ENGRAULIDJ]:.
215. Engraulis vittatus (Mitch.) Bd. & Girard.
19003.
19004.
19005.
19006.
19007.
19008.
19009.
. 19010.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
19011.
19012.
19013.
19014.
19015.
19016.
19017.
Wood
s Holl, Massachusetts.
110 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CATOSTOMID^.
216. Myxostoma macrolepidota (LeS.) Jor.
24850. "Washington Market. I 24898.
24895. " 'I
217. Erimyzon aucetta (Lac) Jor.
18245. Potomac Kiver.
1824C.
18247.
18248.
TVasbington Market.
18249. Potomac River.
18250.
18251.
24897. Washington Market.
218. Hypentelium nigricans (LeS.) Jordan.
Catostomus nigricans LeSueur.
7679. Yellow Creek, Ohio. i 15357.
8303. Aux Plaincs, Illinois. 19868.
8762. " " j 19870.
9152. Illinois. I
219. Catostomus commersonii (Lac.) Jordan.
Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania.
Tellow Creek, Ohio.
6853.
Port Huron, Wisconshi.
7677.
Cleveland, Ohio.
7706.
"
7777.
■Wisconsin.
7781.
"
8409.
Yellow Creek, Ohio.
8440.
Racine, Wisconsin.
8457.
Port Huron, Wisconsin.
8.501.
Detroit River, Michigan.
8728.
Huron River, Wisconsin.
8870.
Alabama.
8984.
Cleveland, Ohio.
9054.
Racine, Wisconsin.
9059.
Ohio.
9170.
Western States.
9207.
Lake Ch.implain.
9393.
Ecorse, Michigan.
9646.
"
20097.
Sing Sing, New York.
20241.
Near Richmond, Indiana.
20268.
Root River, Wisconsin.
24849.
Washington Market.
220. Catostomus longirostrum LeS.
8437. Essex County, New York.
CYPEINIDiE.
221. Hybopsis amarus (Grd.) Cope.
15379. Chapman's Point, Maryland.
222. Luxilus cornutus (Mitcli.) Jordon
7377. Yellow Creek, Ohio.
8556.
9431.
Aux Plaines River, Illinois.
15358. Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania.
19850. Aux Plaines River, Illinois.
223. Semotilus corporalis (Mitch.) Putnam.
8833.
8956.
7435. West port. New York.
8308. Root River, Wisconsin.
8336. Westport, Lake Champlain.
8741. Black River, Ohio.
Black W.arrior River, Alabama.
Racine, Wisconsin.
8965. Quebec, Canada.
224. Semotilus bullaris (Raf.) Jordon.
Semotilus rhothcus Cope.
Semotilus argcnteus (Storer) Putnam.
7823. New England, and New York.
8775.
8979. " "
8985.
9107.
9645.
12933. South Hadley Falls, Massachnaetts.
1.5404. " "
19848. New England and New York.
19869. Sing Sing, New York.
22857. Schoodic Lake, Maine.
225. Ceratichthys biguttatus (Kirt.) Girard.
6816. Black River, Ohio. j 18019. Bainbridge, Pennsylvania.
15361. Bainbridge, Pennsylvania. I
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ill
226. Rhinichthys cataractae (C. &V.) Jordan.
Rhinichthys nasutus (Ayres) Ag.
8505. Ciirli-sle, Pennsylvania.
227. Notemigonus americanus (L.) Jordon.
9247.
Washington Market.
18329.
Saint John's Eiver, riorida
11074.
Sandusky,
Ohio.
18330.
11152.
18331.
11153.
19063.
11154.
190C4.
17792.
19065.
17793.
19066.
17794.
190G7.
17795.
19068.
18323.
Saint John
's Eiver, Florida.
190G9.
18324.
'
"
23109.
Avoca,
North Carolina.
18325.
'
"
23110.
"
"
18326.
'
"
23111.
"
"
18327.
"
228. Exoglossum maxilUngua (LeS.) Haldeman.
7760. New York to Ohio and Maryland. 1 15360. • Bainhridge, Pennsylvania.
229. Idus melanotus Heckel.
22973. Druid Hill Ponds, Baltimore, Maryland.
230. Carassius auratus (Linu.) Bleeker.
18290. Washington Market.
18291.
18292.
18293.
231. Cyprinus carpio Liun.
22964. Druid Hill Ponds, Baltimore, Md.
18294. Washington Market.
18297.
20965. New' York Market.
22968. Druid Hill Ponds, Baltimore, Md.
22969. " " "
SILUEID^.
232. Ichthaelurus punctatus (Raf.) Jordan.
1540. Cincinnati, Ohio. 12250. Cincinnati, Ohio.
8882. Michigan. ' 12251. " "
11118. Sandusky, Ohio. 12252.
11123. " " 12282.
12247. Cincinnati, Ohio. 12283. " "
12248. " " 21268.
12249. "
Saint John'.s River, Florida.
233. AmituTis nigricans (LeS.) Gill.
21269. Saint John's Kiver, Florida.
234. Amiurus albidus (LeS.) Gill.
I486. Potomac Eiver.
15352. Bainhridge, Pennsylvania.
19930. Washington Market.
20299. Havre de Grace, Maryland.
23188. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
235. Amiurus lophius Cope.
15829. Huntington, Maryland.
21270. Saint John's River, Florida.
23190.
23191.
24851.
24893.
Washington Market.
I 15830. Huntington, Maryland.
236. Amiurus natalis (LeS.) Gill var. lividus (Raf.).
8847. Western and Southern United States. | 9220. Western and Southern United States.
237. Amiurus vulgaris (Tliomi>.) Nelson var. eelurus (Grd.).
1507. North Red Eiver, Minnesota.
(7).
112 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
238. Amiunis catus (L.) Gill.
Amiurus nebulosv^ (LeS.) Gill.
1433.
1479.
8444.
8695.
9085.
9730.
9732.
12949.
15353.
18278.
18279.
18280.
18281.
18282.
Sing Sing, New York.
Chesapeake Bay.
"Washiagtou Market.
Philadeli)liia, Pennsylvania.
Washington Market.
South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts.
Baiubridge, Pennsylvania.
Washington Market.
18283.
18284.
18285.
18286.
18287.
18288.
18289.
19453.
20378.
20454.
22108.
23186.
23189.
24852.
Washington Market.
Potomac River.
South Hadley Falls, Massachusetts.
Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania.
Washington Market.
Potomac Kiver.
Washington Market.
19454. Potomac Elver.
23187. "
23196. "
239. Amiurus melas (Raf.) Jordan & Copeland.
1497. Northfield, Illinois. I 1525. Patapsco River.
1514. Kaciue, Wisconsin. | 7597. Cook County, Illinois.
240. Noturus insignis (Rich.) Gill & Jordan.
Noturus marginatus Baird.
1470. James Elver, Virginia.
15354. Bainbridge, Pennsylvania.
18012.
18016. " "
241. Noturus exilis Nelson.
1438. South Grand Eiver, Missouri.
242. Noturus gyrinus (Mitch.) Raf.
1430. Near Piermont, New York.
243. Ariopsis felis (L.) Gill & Jordan.
22751. ?
CONGRID^.
244. Conger oceanica (Mitch.) Gill.
19495. Beaufort, North Carolina. [ 22797. East coast of United States.
ANGUILLID^.
245. Anguilla rostrata (LeS.) De Kay.
Anguilla hostoniennis (LeS.) De Kay.
13583. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
13584.
" "
13586.
•'
13589.
" "
13590.
..
14051.
Noank, Connecticut.
14183.
14184.
14185.
14186.
14188.
14191.
14194.
14195.
14196.
14200.
14202.
14203.
14211.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
14216.
Eastport, Maine.
16115.
16146.
17220.
17221.
17222.
17223.
17224.
17225.
17226.
17227.
17228.
17229.
17230.
20766.
22654.
22711.
22910.
24422.
25093.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
Noank, Connecticut.
Grand Lake Stream, Maine.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Wood's Holl, Massachusetts
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 113
SIMENCHELYID^.
246. Simenchelys parasiticus Gill.
21675. Le Have Bank.
21676.
21849.
21862.
22791.
22794.
22888.
23071.
23072.
23075.
23076.
24370.
Western Bank, 200 fathoms.
Banquereau.
Grand Banks.
Lat. 43° 25' N., Lon. 60° 20' W.
Grand Banks.
Lat. 44° 17' N., Lon. 58° 10' W., 120 fths.
Banquereau.
Lat. 43° 18' J^'., Lon. 60° 24' W., 250 fths.
Lat. 43'' 15' N., Lon. 50° 20' W., 200 fths.
24384.
24385.
24386.
24387.
24388.
24395.
24414.
24426.
24427.
24428,
24429.
24733.
Lat. 42° 48' N.,
Lat 42° 37' N.,
Lat. 43° 05' N.,
Lat. 44° 12' N.,
Lat. 43° 27' N.,
Lat. 44° 02' N.,
Lat. 43° 42' N.,
Lat. 42° 37' N.,
Lon. 63°
Lon. 62°
Lon. 61°
Lon. 58°
Lon. 60°
Lon. .50°
Lon. 59°
Lon. 66°
W. 130 fathoms.
55' W., 200 fathoms.
03' W., 150 fathoms.
.56' W., 230 fathoms.
W., 150 fathoms.
W.,300 fathoms.
10' W., 300 fathoms.
55' W., 200 fathoms.
Lat. 44° 12' N., Lon. 58° 56' W., 230 fathoms.
Lat. 43° 27' N., Lon. 60° W., 150 fathoms.
Lat. 43° 48' W., Lon. 59° W., 300 fathoms.
MUE.-ENIDiE.
247. Muraena sanctae-helenaB.
20183. Bermuda.
SYNAPHOBRANCHID^.
248. Synaphobranchtis pinnatus (Gronow) Gthr.
21683.
21684.
216S5.
21848.
21860.
21868.
21871.
22792.
22889.
22892.
22893.
23077.
23078.
23080.
23083.
Le Have Bank.
"Western Bank, 200 fathoms.
Le n.ive Bank, 150 fathoms.
Lat. 43° 23' N., Lon. 60° 40' "W"., 280 fths.
Lat. 59° 50' K., Lon, 43° 25' W., 300 fths.
Lat. 42° 47' N., Lon. 63° 10' W.
Grand Banks.
Grand Banks, 200 fathoms.
30 miles S. N. W. light of Sable Island.
Lat. 43° 53' N"., Lon. 58° 51' W., 250 fths.
Lat. 43° 53' N., Lou. 58° 51' W., 250 fths.
Near George's Bank.
Banquereau.
23145.
23146.
24209.
24210.
24216.
24271.
24272.
24352.
24353.
24383.
24390.
24430.
24734.
24735.
Banquereau.
Lat. 44° 29' N.,
Banquereau.
Lon. 57° 09' W., 250 fathoms.
Lat. 44° 30' N., Lon. 57° 08' W., 200 fathoms.
Lat. 43° 41' N., Lon. 59° 15' V?., 200 fathom.s.
Lat. 42° 41' N., Lon. 02° 58' W., 2C0 fathoms.
Lat. 44° 30' N., Lon. 57° 08' W., 200 fathoms.
Lat. 47° 20' N., Lon. 50° 48' W., 48 fathoms.
Lat. 43° 25' jST., Lon. 60° W., 180 fathoms.
Lat. 44° N., Lon. 58° 30' W., 100 fathoms.
Lat. 43° 05' N., Lon. 61° 03' W., 150 fathoms.
Southern part of Western Bank.
Grand Banks, Lat. 44°.
AMIID.^.
249. Amia calva Linnseus.
3227.
6702.
9502.
11017.
11018.
11134.
11135.
11137.
11139.
11141.
12495.
16584.
Falls of the Missouri.
Mississippi Valley.
Sandusky, Ohio.
New York Market.
18545. Mississippi Valley.
18546.
18547.
18548.
18549.
18550.
18551.
18552.
18553.
18555.
23104. Avoca, North Carolina.
LEPIDOSTEID^.
250. Lepidosteus osseus (Linn.) Ag.
3230. Potomac River.
Mississippi Valley.
6785.
9510.
9512.
10637.
10717.
12493.
Potomac Eiver.
Detroit, Michigan.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80-
15366.
16449.
15450.
15451.
15452.
18298.
18523.
Potomac River.
Saint John's River, Florida.
Kinston, North Carolina.
June 7, 1880.
114 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
18556. Potomac River.
18558.
18559. "
18.560.
18561.
18562. "
10048. Florida.
19444.
19445.
19446. "
19875.
Potomac River.
22496.
23102.
Avoca,
North Carolina
25149.
Potom;
c River.
25151.
'
25153.
'
25154.
"
25155.
'
25158.
«
251. Lepidosteus platystomus Rafinesque.
9505. Great Lakes and "W. to Rocky Mts. | 12497. Great Lakes and "W. to Rocky Mts.
POLYODONTID.^.
2S2. Polyodon folium Lac.
3234. Foxburg, Pa.
3235. Tennessee.
12228. Cincinnati, Ohio.
12229.
12230.
12231. " "
12232. " "
12233. " "
12297. " "
12331.
12334.
12414.
15475.
15480.
15481.
15482.
15483.
Madison, Indiana.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Madison, Indiana.
ACIPENSERID^.
253. Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitcliell.
19897. Potomac River. 22956. Potomac Elver.
20336. " 22957. "
22703. "
254. Acipenser nithenus Linnssus.
22974. Baltimore, Maryland.
255. Scaphirhynchops platyrhynchus (Raf.) Gill.
2565.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
3246.
Republican River, Kansas.
3255.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
12236.
" "
12237.
"
12238.
" "
12239.
" "
12240.
"
12241.
" ••
12242.
256. Chimasra plumbea Gill.
21805.
Lat. 43° 51' N., Lon. 59° 05' W
21858.
Lo Have Bank,
21904.
Banquereau.
22642.
"
22667.
Grand Banks.
23912.
Banquereau.
23913.
"
12244.
Cincinnati, Ohio.
12245.
" "
12461.
<« ti
12463.
It >(
12473.
Yellowstone River,
15476.
Madison, Indiana.
15478.
" "
15479.
" "
22158.
Mt. Carmel, Ulinoi
CHIMJERIDJS.
23914.
24287.
24303.
24304.
24305.
24306.
Lat. 43° 32' N., Lon. 60° 21' "W., 250 fathoms.
Lat. 42° 37' N., Lon. 62° 55' W., 200 fathoms.
Lat. 44° 15' N"., Lon. 58° 52' W., 250 fathoms.
Lat. 44° N., Lon. 58° 30' W., 160 fathoms.
Fishing Banks.
DASYBATID^.
257. Dasybatis centrurus (Mitch.) Gill, MSS.
22938. »
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 115
258. Raia eglanteria Lac.
22270. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
RAIID.^.
24203. Provincetown, Massachusetts.
259. Raia erinacea Mitch.
14156. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
14159. " "
14160. " "
14161. '• "
14165. " "
14169. " "
14172. " "
260. Raia ocellata Mitch.
14158. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
22886. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
24226.
24227.
14176. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
22320. Glouceffer, Massachusetts.
22386. Xoank, Connecticut.
22887. East coast of United States.
22954. " "
24358. Provincetown, Massachusetts.
j 24229. Gloucester, Massachusetts.
24230.
24248. Provincetown, Massachusetts.
261. Raia radiata Donovan.
21012. Halifax, Nova Scotia.
21031.
21048.
21502.
21815.
22271.
22295.
22312.
Salem, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Off Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
22662.
24310.
24354.
24608.
24631.
25193.
25210.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Provincetown, Massachusetts.
Off coast of Nova Scotia.
Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Gloucester, Massachusetts.
ODONTASPIDID^.
262. Eugomphodus littoralis Gill.
22720. East coast of United States.
SPHYRNID^.
263. Sphyrna zygaena (L.) Miill. «fc Henle.
22942. East coast of United States.
I 22943. East coast of United States.
GALEOEHINID^.
264. Ijulamia obscurus (LeS.) GilL
19420. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
19421.
19422. " "
19423. Wood's Holl, Massachusetts.
19424. "
265. Mustelus canis (Mitch.) DeKay.
7298. East coast of United States.
Beesley's Point, New Jersey.
Noank, Connecticut.
7301.
14153.
14154.
14754.
16006.
16028.
16213.
16214.
16215.
16242.
16243.
16244
Wood's Hoi', Massachusetts.
16245. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
16246.
16247.
16248.
16580.
19257.
19425.
19426.
21854.
22712.
22941.
23163. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
Newport, Rhode Island.
East coast of United States.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
SPINACIDiE,
266. Squalus acauthias Linnseus.
Squalus americanus (Storer) Gill.
19275. Wood's HoU, Massachusetts.
19921.
Eastport, Maine.
19276.
19923.
" "
19277.
21855.
George's Bank.
19278. " "
22316.
Gloucester, MassachusettB.
19279. " " %
22660.
" "
267. Centroscyllium Fabricii (Khdt.) Mull.&Henle,
21622. Lat. 42° 40' N., Lon 63° 50' "W., 250 fth».
23065.
Banquereau.
21686. George's Bank.
23066.
"
21836. Off Gloucester, Massachusetts.
23067.
Lat. 44° 20' K., Lon. 57° 57' W.
22281.
24257.
Lat. 43° 25' N., Lon. 60° W.,
250 fathoms.
22637. Le Have Bank.
24300.
Lat. 42° 37' N., Lon. 62° 55' W.
200 fathoms.
22743. Lat. 43° 56' N., Lon, 59° 04' W.
24392.
"
"
22744. Banquereau.
24705.
Lat. 43° 27' N., Lon. 51° 47' W.
200 fathoms.
22749. Sable I.slaud Bank.
24706.
"
"
22878 . Lat. 44° 33' N. , Lon. 53° 48' W.
25105.
Grand Banks.
22879. Lat. 44° 23' N., Lon. 53° 25' W., 200 fths.
25106.
"
22880. Lat. 44° 38' N., Lon, 57° 09' W., 200 fths.
25111.
Lat. 42° 46' N., Lon. 65° 18' W.
, 200 fathoms.
268. Centroscymnus ccBlolepis Bocage
&. Capello.
21621. Lat. 42° 40' N., Lon. 63° 50' "W., 260 fths.
23064.
Banquereau.
21833. Grand Banks.
24295.
Lat. 43° 25' N"., Lon. 60° W., 180 fathoms.
21835.
24298.
Lat. 42° 15' K., Lon. 58° 52' W.
, 250 fathoms.
21905. Banquereau.
24299.
Lat. 42° 37' N., Lon. 62° 55' W.
, 200 fathoms.
22282. "
24711.
Lat. 44° N., LoD. 52° 50' W., 250 fathoms.
22668. Grand Banks, 200 fathoms.
MYXI]
SIBM
269. Myxine glutinosa Linnteus.
21679. Le Have Bank.
23087.
Lat. 44° 18' N"., Lon. 58° 24' W.
150 fathoms.
22894. Lat . 44° 45' N. , Lon. 53° 54' W., 400 fths.
23088.
Grand Banks.
22895. L.at. 45° 03' N., Lon. 54° 30' W., 85 fths.
23089.
Lat. 44° 17' N., Lon. 58° 10' W.
120 fathoms.
22896. Grand Banks.
23090.
" "
"
22897.
24204.
Grand Banks.
23085. Eastern part of George's Bank, 46 fths.
24307.
Banquereau.
23086.
24725.
Lat. 44° 30' N., Lon. 58° 07' "W".
200 fathoms.
Washington, May 1, 1880,
THE lilTTORAIi MARUVE FAUIVA OF PROVIIVCETOWIV, CAPE COD,
IHASSACHVSETTS.
By RICHARD RATHBUIV.
The species enumerated in the following list were, unless otherwise
stated, all collected by the United States Fish Commission during the
summer of 1879. As the list, however, represents only a few days' col-
lecting, at intervals when the steamer was not available for dredging
purposes, it must be considered as far from complete, especially as re-
gards the smaller forms, while no attempt has been made to include the
groups of Entomostraca, Foraminifera, &c. Considering the fact that
very little has yet been published concerning the shore animals of this
region, I feel justified in offering the hst in its present imperfect form in
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 117
order to supi^ly more definite iuforinatiou as to the so-called boundary
line separating the Northern and Southern New England fauna^.
Rock exposures are entirely wanting about the outer extremity of
Cape Cod, and the sandy areas which compose the most of that region
are generally of so pure a character as to offer little inducement to
animal life in the way of food. The littoral fauna of Provincetown and
vicinity is therefore less rich in species than a more diverse region would
be. NcA'crtheless a more diligent search than has hitherto been insti-
tuted would undoubtedly result in the finding of many species additional
to those given below. Prof. H. E. Webster, who spent the entire sum-
mer of 1879 in collecting and studying especially the shore annelids
about Provincetown, obtained many new forms not included in this list.
The localities examined in 1879 were about as follows: The inner
beach of the cape in front of the town of Provincetown, from the dike on
the south to Wood End on the north and from high-water to low- water
mark, including the eel-grass areas lying directly off the beach and the
broad sand-flats in front of and behind it; the inner beach at Long
Point; the piles of the wharves, especially those at the ends of the long
steamboat and railroad wharves ; and the outer beaches at Wood End,
Eace Point, &c. A few interesting species obtained at Wellfleet by
Professor Webster are included in the list, and I am also indebted
to him for material from about Provincetown. The identifications of
species are only partly mine. Prof. A. E. Verrill furnishes the lists of
worms and Nudibranchs; Prof. S. I. Smith has kindly identified the
Amphipods and more difficult Decapods; and Mr. Sanderson Smith
the more critical species of MoUusks. Mr. O. Harger has also examined
the Isopods. In addition to the species contained in the list, a species
of Chironomus in the larval stage was found abundantly on the shore,
and one or more species of mites were common among Hydroids. Of
the one hundred and fifty-seven species included in the list, all but
twenty-one were previously known to range both to the north and south
of Cape Cod. Of the species whose range has been extended, thirteen
belong properly to the fauna of Southern New England and seven to
that of Northern New England. The southern species are as follows:
Pallene empusa, Pinnixa chcctopterana, Gehia affinis, Mcera levis, Micro-
deutopus grandimafius, Amphithoe longimana^ Chelura terebrans^ Gaprella
geometrica, Leptochelia algicola, Sigalion arenicola, Stlienelais picta, Antho-
stoma rohustum, and Leptosynapta roseola. The northern species are:
Leptoclielia cacca^ Praxilla sonalis, Tctrastenima vermiculusy Planocera
elliptica, Emhletonia fuscata, Btiliger fuscata, and IJdicardsia sulcata.
The only new littoral species discovered by the Commission, so far as
the collections have been worked up, is Udicardsia pallida.
Excepting in a few necessary instances the synonymy of the species
has been omitted, but references have been given in nearly all cases to
American publications in which the synonymy and range of the several
species and other information concerning them are discussed.
New Haven, Conn., April 8, 1880.
118 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
PYCNOGONIDA.
Palleue empusa "Wilson, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. v, p. 9, pi. iii,
figs. 2a to 2g, 1878. — Fhoxichilidium maxillare Smith, Inv. of Vineyard Sound,
p. 544, 1874 {non Stimpson).
Found amongst the eel-grass, low water to J fathom. Former
localities: Vineyard Sound (TJ. S. F. C, 1871) and JSToank, Conn. (U.
S. F. C, 1874).
MEROSTOMATA.
Limulus Polyphemus Latreille. Smith, Inv. V. S.,p. 580, 1874.
Very common along the entire inner shore of the cape, in the vicinity
of Provincetown. The living specimens were usually encountered partly
buried in the sand, near low-water mark. They sometimes attain a very
large size in this region, but the majority of the specimens seen were
from small to medium size and females. All the larger specimens col-
lected were males. The cast skins or exuviae were sometimes so abun-
dant that they nearly made up the little ridge of debris running along
the upper i^art of the beaches.
Two specimens, both females, were obtained in the act of molting;
one was living, the other dead. In the case of the latter the operation
of throwing off the old skin had advanced considerably, allowing us to
measure accurately the increase in the size of the carapax for the past
year. Of the exuvia, the greatest width of the carapax was 57'"'";
length of carapax along the median line, SS""*" ; distance between the
tips of the spines surmounting the compound eyes, 31.5°""; length of
comiiound eye, 3.5°"". The carapax of the newly expanded animal had
a width of G7'""'; length, 45™"; distance between the spines of com-
pound eyes, 43"""^; length of comjiound eye, 5""". The living specimen
had only broken slightly through the outer skin, so that but one meas-
urement could be made without destroying it. The width of the old
carapax was 124"^"', of the new 141"'"'; but as the latter had suffered
contraction in alcohol, it must have been larger originally.
DECAPODA.
Gelasimus pugnax Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. ii, p. 131, 1870; ibid., vol. v, p.
33, 1879; Inv. V. S., p. 545, 1874.
Very abundant on the salt marshes and upper part of the beaches,
between the town and Wood End Light. Also found at the same place
by Prof. S. I. Smith and Mr. O. Harger, in 1872.
Gelasimus pugilator Latreille. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. ii, p. 136, 1870; ibid.,
vol. V, p. 33, 1879; Inv. V. S., p. 545, 1874.
A few specimens only of this species have been noticed from Province-
town ; they were found on the beach near the dike in 1872, by Smith
and Harger,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 119
Pinnixa chaetopterana Stimp., Ann. Lye. N. H., New York, vol. vii, p. 235, 1800.
Wellfleet, 1870 5 collected by Prof. H. E. Webster, wlio fouud it in
great abundance in the tubes of Amphitrite ornata, on the flats near the
town.
Platyonichus ocellatus Latr. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 547, 1874; Trans. Conn. Acad.,
Tol. V, p. 33, ld79.
Extremely abundant everywhere along the inner shore, in the vicinity
of Provincetown, at low water and deeper. Large numbers were ob-
served to be molting during August and the last of July, and fresh
exuviae were very common all through the latter half of the summer.
One small specimen obtained while molting, and preserved in alcohol,
afforded the following measurements: length of carapax in the exuvia,
35mm. -^idth, 42"'"; length of freshly expanded carapax, partly con-
tracted in alcohol, 38""™ ; width, 47«™. The largest specimen taken on
the shore measured : length of carapax, 71™™ ; width, 86""™. On A ugust
16, and during one or more succeeding days, the young were seen swim-
ming at the surface in comitless numbers, but how for from the shore
they extended was not determined ', they were very plentiful about the
end of the long steamboat wharf. They varied in length of carapax
from about 11™™ to 10 "^'°. September 3 they were again abundant, but
less so than on the former occasion, and they remained nearer the shore,
or at least closer to the bottom. At this time they were from 18™'^ to
23™™ long.
Carciuus maenas (Linn^) Leacli. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. v, p. 34, 1879. —
C. granulatiis Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 547, 1874.
Collected by Smith and Harger, 1872.
Panopeus depressus Smith, Proc. Bos. Soc. N. H., vol. xii, p. 283, 1859; In^. V. S.,
p. 547, 1874 ; Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. v, p. 37, 1879.
Collected by Smith and Harger, 1872.
Panopeus Sayi Smith, Proc. Bos. Soc. N. H., vol. xii, p. 284, 1859; Inv. V. S., p. 547,
1874 ; Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. v, p. 37, 1879.
Found abundantly in the eel-grass off the dike, and also collected by
Smith and Harger, 1872.
Cancer irroratus Say. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. v, p. 38, 1879.
Common; shore, at low water.
Libinia emarginata Leach. Smith, Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. v, p. 45, 1879. — i. ccna-
liculata Smith, luv. V. S., p. 548, 1874.
Very abundant at low water, Provincetown ; several very large males
were also obtained from Wellfleet Harbor, the largest measuring:
length of carapax, 113™°» ; width, excluding spines, 103™™.
Eupagurus longicarpus (Say) Stimp. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 549, 1874; Trans. Conn.
Acad., vol. V, p. 47, 1879.
Very abundant.
120 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Gebia affinis Say. Smith, In v. V. S., p. 549, 1874.
This species was not collected at Provincetowu, but was obtained from
the flats at Wellfleet by Prof. H. E. Webster, in 1879, and seems to
be abundant there. This is the first time it has been recorded from the
north side of Cape Cod.
Crangon vulgaris Fabr. Smith, In v. V. S., p. 550, 1874; Trans. Conn. Acad., vol.
V, p. 55, 1879.
Very common along the shore.
Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say) Stimp. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 550, 1874; Trans. Conn.
Acad., vol. V, p. 88, 1879.
Only a very few specimens of this species were collected, although
it was diligently sought for. These were found in the eel-grass in front
of the town and off the dike.
SCHIZOPODA.
My sis stenolepis Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 551, 1874; Trans. Conn. Acad., vol. v, p. 103,
1879.
A few specimens only were collected ; they were from the eel-grass in
front of the town.
AMPHIPODA.
Orchestia agilis Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 5.55, 1874,
Very abundant on the beaches, under dead sea-weeds, etc.
Talorchestia longicornis (Say) Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 556, 1874.
Very abundant on both the outer and inner beaches, burrowing
deeply into the sand, about high-tide level.
Talorchestia megalopthalma (Bate) Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 556, 1874.
Associated with the preceding.
Hyale littoralis (Stimp.) Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 556, 1874.
Collected in 1879; and also in 1872, by Smith and Harger.
Calliopius laeviusculus (Kroy.) Boeck. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 557, 1874.
Found upon the beach at Long Point among stranded sea-weeds.
Gammarus locusta (Linn6) Fahr., Systema Entomologia, 1775. Gould, Inv. Mass.,
ed. I, p. 334, 1841. Smith, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 15, p. 139, 1879.-- G. or-
natus Edwards, Ann. des Sci. Nat., tome xx, p. 367, 1830; Hist. Nat. des
Crust., tome iii, p. 47, 1840. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 557, 1874.
Only a few specimens of small size were obtained from the eel-grass
in various places. The scarcity of this species at Provincetowu is prob-
ably due to the absence of rocks and of much rock- weed, which together
form its favorite grounds. A comparison of European with American
specimens has enabled Professor Smith to establish the identity of G.
ornatus and G. locusta.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 121
Gammarus annulatus Smith, Iiiv. V. S., p. r>;j7, 1874.
Shore and flats at low water, and eel-grass ; abundant.
Gammarus mucronatus Say, Jouru. Phila. Acad., vol. i, p. 376, 1818. Smith, Inv.
V. S., p. 559, 1874.
Shore and flats at low water; very abundant.
McEra levis Smith, luv. V. S., p. 559, 1874.
In the eel-grass off the dike. Not hitherto recorded from north of
Vineyard Sound.
Microdeutopus grandimanus Smith. — Autonoe grandimana Bruz., Skand. Amphip,
Gamm., ji. 2(3, 1859. — Microdeutopus mvnax Smith, Inv. V. S., \). 5(32, 1874.
On the shore at low water, in the eel-grass off the dike, and among
the sea-weeds on the piles of the wharves. Formerly known on the
American coast only from Vineyard and Long Island Sounds.
Amphithoe longimana Smith, luv. V. S., p. 563, 1874.
Found at low water and in the eel-grass in one-half fathom. Pre-
viously known only from south of Caj)e Cod.
Corophium cylindricum (Say) Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 566, 1874.
Eel-grass, one-half fathom.
Chelura terebrans Philippi. Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 232, 1879.
Abundant in old submerged piles of wharves, associated with Lim-
noria Ugnorum and Teredo navalis. First recorded from America in the
I)aper of Professor Smith referred to above, but previously found by him
at Wood's Holl in 1875.
Caprella geometrica Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. i, p. 390, 1818. Smith,
Inv. V. S., p. 567, pi. v, fig. 20, 1874.
In the eel-grass, one-half fathom, and also obtained from floating sea-
weeds in Piovincetown Harbor. Hitherto recorded from south of Cape
Cod only, but discovered by the Fish Commission at Quahog Bay,
Maine, in 1873.
ISOPODA.
Jaera albifrons Leach. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 158, 1879. — Jcsra copi-
osa Stimi)son, Mar. Inv. Grand Manan, p. 40, 1853. Harger, Inv. V. S., p. 571,
1874.
Very abundant on the shore between tides, under loose stones and
other objects; and also in the eel-grass in very shallow water.
Chiridotea coeca (Say) Harger, Am. Journ. Sci., Ill, vol. xv, p. 374, 1878.
Shore, low water; only a few specimens collected.
Idotea irrorata (Say) Edwards. Harger, Inv. V. S., p. 569, 1874 ; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. ii, p. 160, 1879. — Idotea tricmpidata Desm., Diet, des Sci. Nat., tome xxviii,
p. 373, 1823.
Very abundant on the shore, on piles of wharves, in the eel-grass,
and swimming at the surface amongst floating sea- weeds.
122 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Idotea phosphorea Harger, luv. V. S. , p. 5G9, 1874.
Occasioiuilly foiiud swimming at the surface in Proviucetown Har-
bor, aud also upon the beach, with stranded sea-weeds.
Epelys trilobus (Say) Smith, luv. V. S. , p. 571, pi. vi, fig. 28, 1874. Harger, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mas., vol. ii, p. 160, 1879.
Moderately abundant; shore, between tides, and in the eel-grass, one-
half fathom; only specimens of small to medium size were met with.
Sphaeroma quadridentatum Say. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. ICl, 1879.
Abundant, but only specimens of small size were obtained; low
water and between tides on the shore and flats, and upon eel-grass, in
one-half fathom.
Limnoria lignorum (Rathke) White. Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 161,
1879.
In piles of old wharves, in comjiany with Leptochelia algicola and
Chelura terebrans.
Leptochelia algicola Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 162, 1879. — Paratanais
algicola Harger, Am. Journ. Sci., Ill, vol. xv, p. 377, 1878.
Very abundant at low water, on eel-grass, in one-half fathom, and
in old i^iles, associated with Limnoria lignorum and Chelura.
Leptochelia cosca Harger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 164, 1879.
A single specimen only of this species was recognized among the shore
collections.
CIRRIPEDIA.
Balauus balanoides (Linnd) Stimp., Mar. luv. of Grand Manan, p. 39, 1853. Smith,
Inv.V.S.,p.579,1874.
Common on piles of wharves, on shells, stones, and wood on the
beaches, and occasionally found on floating fucus. On the piles it was
usually of small size, but on stones lying on the beaches it often exceeded
half an inch in diameter.
Lepas fascicularis Ellis and Sol. Smith, Inv. V. S., p. 579, 1874.
On floating fucus in the harbor.
ANNELIDA.
Lepidonotus squamatus Leach. Verrill, Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound,
p. 581, pi. 10, figs. 40, 41, 1874.
On the piles of wharves.
Harmothoe imbricata Malmg. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 582, 1874.
Piles of wharves.
Sigalion arenicola Ver., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 167, 1879.
Shore, in sand, at low water.
Sthenelais picta Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 582, 1874; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol, ii, p. 167, 1879.
Shore, in sand, at low water.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123
Nephthy s ciliata Eathke. Ver. , In v. V. S. , p. 583, 1874.
Shore, iu sand.
Phyllodoce catenula Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 587, 1874.
Piles of wharves.
Eiilalia pistacia Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 584, 1874.
Piles of wharves.
Autolytus comutus A. Ag., Jour. Bos. Soc. N. H., p. 392, 1863. Ver., Inv. V. S.,
p. 590, pi. 13, figs. 65, 66, 1874.
Piles of wharves, and among eel-grass near the beach.
Nereis limbata Ehlers. Ver., Inv, V. S. , p. 590, pi. 11, fig. 51, 1874.
Shore, in sand, and among eel-grass.
Nereis virens Sars. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 590, pi. 11, figs. 47-50, 1874.
* Shore, in sand.
Lumbrinereis fragilis A. and E. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 594, 1874 (Lumbriconereis).
Shore, in sand.
Lumbrinereis teniiis Ver., Check List, p. 8, 1879; Inv. V. S., p. 594, 1874 (LumhricO'
nereis).
Shore, in sand.
Arabella opaHna Ver., Check List, p. 8,1879; Inv. V.S., p. 594, pi. 13, figs. 69, 70, 1874
{Lumhriconereia).
Shore, in sand.
Goniada gracilis Ver., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 174, 1879. — Eone gracilis Yet.,
Iuv.V.S.,p.596,1874.
Shore, in sand.
Rhynchobolus dibranchiatus Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 596, pi. 10, figs. 43, 44, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Anthostoma fragile Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 598, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Anthostoma robustum Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 597, pi. 14, fig. 76, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Scolecolepis viridis Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 600, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Polydora ciliatum Clapar. (?) Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 603, pi. 14, fig. 78, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Cirratulus grandis Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 606, pi. 15, figs. 80, 81, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Notomastus luridus Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 610, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
124 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Notoanastus filiformis Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 611, 1874.
Shore, iu sand.
Praxilla zonalis Ver., Proc. Am. Ass. Adv. Sci., 1873, p. 384.
Shore, in sand.
ClymeneUa torquata Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 608, pi. 14, figs. 71-73, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Cistenides Gouldii Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 612, pi, 17, figs. 87, 87a, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
Nicolea simplex Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 613, 1874.
Piles of wharf, and eel-grass.
Scionopsis palmata Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 614, 1874.
Piles of wharf.
Polycirrus eximius Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 616, pi. 16, fig. 85, 1874.
Shore, in sand, and piles of wharf.
Fabricia stellaris Blainv. — Fahricia Leidyi Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 619, 1874.
Piles of wharf.
Hydroides dianthus Ver., Check List, p. 11, 1879 ; Inv. V. S., p. 620, 1674 (Serpula).
On piles of wharves, and incrusting living and dead shells of Pecten
irradians, Unsatella americana, Littorina Uttorea^ Anomia glabra^ &c.;
also on fucus and other objects; especially abundant in the vicinity of
the dike.
Spirorbis borealis Daud. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 621, 1874.
On fucus growing on the piles and floating at the surface; abundant.
Clitellio irrorata Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 622, 1874.
Shore, in sand, near high-water mark.
Halodrillus littoralis Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 623, 1874.
On the beach, under dead sea-weeds near high-water mark.
GEPHYREA.
Phascolosoma Gouldii Dies. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 627, pi. 18, fig. 93, 1874.
Shore, in sand.
ENTEEOP]SrEUSTA.
Balanoglossus aurantiacus Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 627, 1874.
NEMERTINA.
Shore, in sand.
Tetrastemma dorsalis M'Int. Ver. , Am. Journ. Sci. , vol. x, p. 40, 1875.
Piles of wharves.
Tetrastemma vermictdus Ehr. (?) Ver., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 184, 1879.
Piles of wharves.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125
Lineua viridis Ver., Am. Joum. Sci., vol. x, p. 40, 1875; Inv. V. S., p. 628,1874 {Nc-
merles).
Piles of wharves.
Cerebratulus ingens (Leidy) Ver., Check List, p. 12, 1879; Inv.V. S., p. 630, 1874
^ {Meckclia).
Shore, in sand.
Cerebratulus roseus (Leidy) Ver., Check List, p. 12, 1879; Inv.V. S., p, 630,1874
{McckcUa).
Shore, in sand.
TUEBELLAEIA.*
Planocera eUiptica Gir., Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., p. 251, 1850.
Piles of wharves, and on the shore under bits of wood, &c.
Bdelloura Candida Gir. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 634, 1874.
Parasitic on Limulus Polyphemus.
CEPHALOPODA.
OmmastrephesiIlecebrosa(Les.)Ver., Inv.V. S.,p. 634,j|.874.— 0. sagittatus Binney ,
in Gould, Inv. Mass., ed. II, p. 510, 1870.
This species is caught in Provincetown Harbor during the summer
and early fall in considerable numbers, to use for bait, and is often
stranded upon the beaches at low tide. Prof. S. I. Smith and Mr. Oscar
Harger, while at Provincetown in 1872, noticed large numbers of this
squid about the docks, killing and eating young mackerel. Their obser-
vations on the habits and appearance of the creature made at that time
are given in the report of the United States Fish Commission foi
1871-'72, pp. 441, 442, 1874.
Loligo Pealei Les. Binney, in Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 514, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p
635, 1874.
This species was not encountered at Provincetown by the Fish Com-
mission, but it is represented in the collection of Mr. J. H. Blake, of that
place, by two pens taken from specimens caught in the harbor, in July,
1879. It is not abundant north of Cape Cod, although several speci-
mens were procured at Annisquam, on the north side of Cape Ann, by
Professor Hyatt, in 1878, and it has also been previously noticed from
Massachusetts Bay.
GASTEEOPODA.
Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say) Stimp. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 641, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass.,
II, p. 362, 1870 (Nassa).
Very common on many of the inner beaches, and extending up to high-
tide level. It is especially abundant in places where the brackish
water from ponds runs down the face of the beach as it is left uncovered
by the tide.
* About six species of lihaMocoela were collected, but they have not been determined.
126 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Purpura lapillus (Linn6) Lam. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 360, 1870. Ver , Inv. "V. S.,
p. G42, 1874.
Shore, rare.
Anachis avara (Say) Perkins. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 643, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p.
313, 1841 ; li, p. 356, 1870 ( Columbella).
Eare ; only a single specimen was found by the writer, but others have
collected it at Provincetown.
Astyris lunata (Say) Dall. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 645, 1874. — Columbella liinata Gould,
Inv. Mass., il, p. 359, 1870.
Abundant in the eel-grass in front of the town and off the dike.
Lunatia heros (Say) Adams. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 338, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p.
646, 1874.
Yery common along the entire inner shore, and often picked up dead
on the outer beaches.
Neverita duplicata (Say) Stimp, Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 345, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,
p. 646, 1874.
Abundant, associated with Lunatia heros.
Littorinella minuta (Totten) Stimp. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 653, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass.,
II, p. 298, 1870 (Rissoa).
Common, shore at low water.
Skenea planorbis (Fabr.) Forbes and Hanley. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 296, 1870.
Ver. , luv. V. S. , p. 655, 1874.
Common on the shore, with Tottenia gemma, Littorinella minuta, &c.,
and also on the piles of wharves.
Littorina littorea (Linn6) Johnston. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 308, 1870.
Very abundant on the shore, on piles of wharves, and on eel-grass
which is more or less exposed at low tide. Just off the dike it occurs
on the eel-grass in countless numbers, and, in common with all the other
species of shells in that ^^cinity, is frequently covered with the white
calcareous tubes of Hydroides dianthus.
Littorina rudis (Maton) Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 257, 1841 ; II, p. 304, 1870. Ver., Inv.
V. S., p. 651, 1874.— X. tenebrosa Gould, In 7. Mass., I, p. 2.59; II, p. 306.
This is an exceedingly common species on the shore.
Littorina palliata (Say) Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 260, 1841 ; II, p. 309, 1870. Ver., Inv.
V.S.,p.652, 1874.
Common on the shore and on piles of wharves among sea-weeds.
Lacuna vincta (Mont.) Turton. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 302, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,
p. 652, 1874.
On the eel-grass, shallow water; not found in much abundance.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 127
Bittium nigrum (Totten) Stimp. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 321, 1870. Ver. , Inv. V. S.,
p. C48,'1874.
Very abimdaut amongst *the eel-grass, in shallow water in front of
the town, and off the dike, and also on the beaches, where it often
occurs in immense numbers.
Crepidula fomicata (Linn^) Lamarck. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 271,1870. Ver.,
Inv.V.S.,p.649, 1874.
Common, especially in the vicinity of the dike, on shells of Pecten
and Ensatella.
Crepidula plana Say. Gould, Inv. Mass. , II, p. 272, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 650, 1874.
Common off the dike, and also found elsewhere.
Crepidula convexa Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 273, 1870. Ver., Inv, V. S., p. 650,
1874.
Abundant off the dike, adhering to the surfaces of living and dead
shells, to LimuluSj and other objects.
Acmaea testudinalis (Miiller) Forbes and Hanley. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 661, 1874.
Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 267, 1870 (Tectura).
Eare, shore; variety alveus also found.
Odostomia bisuturalis (Say) Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 327, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p.
656, 1874.
Kot uncommon ; eel-grass off the dike, and elsewhere.
Odostomia trifida (Totten) Gould, Inv. Mass., I, p. 274, 1841 ; II, p. 328, 1870. Ver.
Inv. V. S., p. 656, 1874.
Associated with the last, and about equally common.
Odostomia dealbata Stimp. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 327, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,p.
656, lte74.
A single specimen only was obtained from the eel-grass off the dike.
Melampus lineatus Say, Am. Conch., p. 85, 1822. — Melampus Udentatus Say. Gould,
Inv. Mass., II, p. 467, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 662, 1874 (non Mont.).
Abundant, shore, between tides.
Onchidoris, sp.
An undetermined species of this genus was obtained from sea-weeds
on the inner beach at Long Point.
Tergipes despectus Aid. and Han. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 667, 1874. — ^olis (Tergipcs)
despecta Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 248, 1870.
From hydroids, on piles of wharves, and sea- weeds of beach.
Embletonia fuscata Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 251, 1870.
Found among the filamentous green algae in little rills of water on the
beaches and sand-flats.
Stiliger fuscata Bergh. Ver., Prelim. Check List, p. 23, l^^.—Calliopcea {1) fuscata
Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 250, 1870.
Associated with Embletonia fuscata.
128 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
LAMELLIBEANCHIATA.
Teredo navalis Linn6. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 28, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 669, 1874,
Very abundant iu the piles at tlie outer end of steamboat wharf, and
in other situations. A few years ago about forty feet of the above-men-
tioned wharf was so weakened by the borings of this shell-fish that it
completely gave way under the weight of a ship's load of merchandise
stored upon it.
Teredo megotara Hanley. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 30, 1870. Ver,, Inv. V. S., p. 670,
1874.
At Provincetown, in cedar buoys (Grould).
Teredo dilatata Stimp. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 32, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,p.670,
1874.
From pine buoy attached to lobster pots, at Provincetown (Gould).
Ensatella americana (Gould) Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. iii, pp. 212, 284, 1872; luv.
V. S., p. 674, 1874. — Solen americanus Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 42, 1870.
Many dead adult shells and living young were collected on the sand-
flats at low water.
Mya arenaria Linn^. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 55, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 672, 1874.
Very abundant on the shores and flats; especially so on the broad
flats between the town and Wood End Light House, where, in the clean
sands, the shells are often of a nearly pure white.
Lyonsia hyalina Con. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 64, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 672, 1874.
Quite common at low water on the inner shore at Provincetown, and
in the inlet behind Eace Point Light House. It was also picked up in
extreme abundance on the outer beach at Eace Point.
Cochlodesma Leanum (Say) Couth. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 68, 1870. Ver., Inv.
V. S.,p.673,1874.
Dead shells in fresh condition were collected on the outer beach at
Eace Point, but not on the inner.
Spisula solidissima (Dillw.) Gray. — Mactra soUdiasima Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 73,
1870. Ver. , In v. V. S. , p. 680, 1 874,
Living young and adult dead shells were frequently found on the
shore at low water.
Ceronia arctata (Con.) Adams. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 80, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S.,
p. 679, 1874.
Many living specimens were obtained by Prof. H. E. Webster in the
inlet behind Eace Point Light House and on the outer beach near the
same place ; not known from the inner shore.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129
Cumingia tellinoides Con. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 79, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p.
079, 1874.
Not found by the Fish Commission, but several dead shells were col-
lected on the inner beaches by Mr. J. H. Blake, of Cambridge, and Dr.
Crocker, of Provincetown.
Angulus tener (Say) Adams. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 677, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II,
p. 97, 1870 (Tellina).
Abundant on the shore, low water.
Venus mercenaria Linnd. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 133, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p.
G81, 1874.
Eare on the beaches at Provincetown, but very common farther south
on the inner shores of the cape, especially in the neighborhood of Well-
fleet, where they attain a large size and have the purple coloration of
the interior of the shell more than usually intense and widespread.
Tottenia gemma (Totteu) Perkins. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 682, 1874.
Very, abundant on the beaches in company with SJceneaplanorbis and
Littorinella mrnuta, and also found amongst the eel-grass. The small
dark-colored shells of this species are frequently scattered over the
white beaches in the greatest i^rofusion, appearing like coarse grains of
black sand. But, being lighter than the sand, they are readily blown
along by the wind until they collect in large numbers in the lee of any
prominence that may present itself, and in the furrows of the beaches.
In such places as these several handfuls of pure shells, with little
admixture of sand, may often be scooped up. The first specimens of
this species obtained by General Totten, its earliest describer, were from
the beach at Provincetown.
Leevicardium Mortoni (Con.) Perkins. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 683, 1874. Gould, Inv.
Mass., II, p. 143, 1870 (Liocardium).
Low water, rare.
Cryptodon Gouldii (Phil.) Adams. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 100, 1870. Ver., Inv.
V. S.,p.686, 1874.
Dead shells frequently found along the beaches; probably lives in
shallow water close to the shore, but not dredged in Cape Cod Bay in
less than thirteen fathoms, at which depth it was very abundant.
Solemya velum Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 48, 1870.— Solenomija velum Ver.,
Inv.V. S.,p.688,1874.
A few dead valves only were picked up on the inner beaches.
Astarte castanea Say. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 117, 1870. Ver., Inv.V. S., p. 685,
1874.
Found abundantly in Provincetown Harbor, west and north of the
light-house, at low-water mark (Gould). Although searched for at this
locality in 1879, no specimens were discovered ; a very Iom' tide is prob-
ably required to uncover them. Mr. J. H. Blake says they are also
common low down on the inner shore, near Wood End Light.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 9 July 2, 1880.
130 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Argina pexata (Say) Gray. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. G92, 1874. Gould, Inv. Mass., II,
p. 147, 1870 (Area).
Collected on the beacb at Proviucetown (S. I. Smith, 1872).
Mytilus edulis Liund. Gould, luv, Mass., II, p. 183, 1870. Ver., Inv.V. S., p. G9'2,
1874.
Yery abundant, shore, piles of wharves, attached to floating fucus, &c.
Modiola plicatula Lam. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, p. 188, 1870. Ver., luv. V. S..
p. 093, 1874.
Very abundant on the flats near high- water mark.
Crenella glandula (Totten) Adams. Gould, luv. Mass., II, p. 194, 1870. Ver., Inv,
V.S.,p.C95, 1874.
A few fresh, but not living, shells were obtained from the beaches at
low water. Proviucetown, at low water (Stimjison, Shells of N". Eng-
land). This species was first known to Totten, its describer, from Pro-
viucetown.
Pecten irradians Lam. Gould, Inv. Mass., II, i). 199, 1870. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 695,
1874.
This species was formerly very abundant in front of the town, in the
patches of eel-grass just below ordinary low-tide level, but at present
the full-grown shells are rarely found there. They are, however, still
very plentiful off the dike in similar situations. The adult shells rest
on the ground amongst the eel-grass, which at low water becomes
thickly matted above them, generally quite concealing them. Young
shells usually adhere to the eel-grass by. their byssus.
Anomia glabra Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. iii, p. 213, 1872; luv. V. S., p. 69(j, 1874. —
A. ephipinum, electrica, squamula, Gould {non Liun6).
Abundant on the flats in front of the dike, but generally of small
size, attached to dead shells of Pecten irradians, Ensatella americana, &c.
TUNICATA.
Molgula manhattensis Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. i, p. 54, 1871 ; Inv. V. S., p. 699,
1874.
Abundant near high-tide level, amongst the grass in the pools left
on the shore at low tide ; attached to eel-grass and to floating sea- weeds.
Also thrown up in immense numbers on the outer beach at Race Point
during heavy storms.
Botryllu3 Gouldii Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. i, p. 211, 1871; Inv. V. S., p. 702, 1874.
Growing on eel-grass in shallow water and on floating sea-weeds, &c.
BRYOZOA.
Crisia eburnea Lamour. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 707, 1874.
Very abundant on fucus and eel-grass, often associated with Bugula
turrita; on eel-grass everywhere in shallow water from the dike to
Long Point, and on fucus growing on the piles and floating at the
surface.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131
Tubulipora serpens (LiuiKi) Flem., Brit. Anim., p. 529, t. Johnston, Hist. Brit.
Zooph., p. 275, 1847.— T. flabellaris Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 708, 1874.
Found very abundantly on the eel-grass in shallow water, forming
small rounded clusters.
Flustrella hispida (Fabr.) Gray. — Alcyonidium hisjndum Smitt. Ver., Inv. V. S.,
p. 708, 1874.
Incrusting floating fucus in the harbor, and probablj' also occurring
on the sea-weeds of the piles.
Vesicularia, sp.
One or two small specimens of a Vesicularia with creeping stem, pos-
sibly V. tiva Smitt, were found upon fucus growing upon the piles.
Bugula turrita (Desor) Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 712, pi. sxsiv, figs. 258, 259, 1874.
Very abundant on piles of wharves, eel-grass in shallow water, and
on floating fucus; associated with Grisia eburnea.
Electra pilosa (Liun6) Fisch., t. Ver., Preliminary Check List Mar. Inv. Atl. Coast,
p. 29, 1879. — Memhranipora pilosa Farre, Phil. Trans., p. 412, 1837. Ver., Inv.
V.S.,p.712,1874.
Incrusting fucus, laminaria, eel-grass, &c , floating in the harbor, and
stranded on the beaches.
Cribrellina puncturata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, part II, p. 24, 1873. — Escharipora
punctata Smitt, Ofvers; af K. Vetens.-Akad. Forh., 18(58, appendix, p. 4.
Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 713, 1874.
On eel-grass, one-half fathom, rare.
Hippothoa hyalina (Linn6) Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, part II, p. 40, 1873. — MolUa
hijalina Smitt, Ofvers. af K. Vetens.-Akad. Forh., 1868, appendix, p. 16.
Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 713. 1874.
On floating fucus and eel-grass in the harbor, and on the beaches.
Lepralia americana Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., Ill, vol. ix, p. 415, pi. vii, figs. 4, 5,
1875. — Lepralia Pallasiana Ver. Inv. V. S., p. 713, 1874 (with query; non
Busk).
Very common 5 incrusting fucus and other sea-weeds on the piles, and
also growing on eel-grass in shallow water.
ECHINODEEMATA.
Leptosynapta Girardii (Pourtales) Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 716, 1874.
This species is common everywhere about Provincetown, on the sandy
beaches between low-tide and half-tide levels, but it is most abun-
dant on the sandy flats about midway between the town and Wood End
Light House, where large areas are left dry for a considerable time at
low water. It also occurs in abundance on the sand-flats inside of Eace
Point Light House, on the outer shore.
Leptosynapta roseola Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 716, 1874.
Provincetown beach, and sheltered inlets back of Race Point, on the
outer side of Cape Cod, buried in the sand at low water, and associated
132 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
with L, Girardii. Collected at the latter j)lace by Prof. H. E. Webster
aud Mr. Benedict. Hitherto known only from New Haven, Conn., and
Vineyard Sound (Verrill).
Asterias Forbesii (Desor) Ver., Am. Journ. Sci., vol. xi., p. 418, 187G; Proc. Bos.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. x, p. 345, 1866; Inv. V. S., p. 718, 1874.— J. arenicola
Stimp., Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. viii, p. 268, 1862. Ver.,i6id., vol. x, p.
339,1866; luv. V. S.,p. 718, 1874. — Asteracanthion berylinus Ag., A. Ag., Mem.
Mns. Comp. Zool., vol. v, No. 1, j). 94, pi. ix, 1877.
Very abundant along the shore above and below low-water mark, and
on piles of wharves, but always of comparatively small size. A com-
parison of the specimens from Provincetown with those obtained from
Gloucester in 1878 shows more or less constant diiferences to exist
between the two. In the former the spines are generally longer and
more acute, sometimes even quite slender, and the pedicellarise appear
to be somewhat more numerous, and to vary greatly in their arrange-
ment. These differences are, however, of very slight value in this
exceedingly variable species.
Asterias vulgaris Stimp., MSS. Packard, Can. Nat., Dec, 1863. Ver., Proc. Bos.
Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. x, p. 347, 1866; Inv. V. S., p. 718, 1874.
Below low-water mark at the outer ends of the long wharves.
Amphipholis elegans Ljung. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 720, 1874. — Jmphiura squamata
Lyman, lUust. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., No. I, p. 121, 1865 (non Delle Chiaje, t.
Ljung.).
Only a few specimens of this Ophiuran were obtained; they were
from the eel-grass in very shallow water.
ANTHOZOA.
Metridium marginatum M.-Edw. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 738, 1874.
Common on the mooring posts in the harbor (J. H. Blake).
Edwardsia sulcata Vor., Mem. Bos. Soc. N. H., vol. i. No. I, p. 29, 1864.
Sand, at low water.
Edwardsia pallida Ver. , Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. , vol. ii, p. 198, 1879.
In sand, at low water.
ACALEPH^.
Clytia Johnstoni (Alder) Hincks. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 725, 1874.
On floating fucus thrown up on inner beach of Long Point.
Campaiiularia flexuosa Hincks. Ver., Inv. V. S., p. 726, 1874.
Abundant on fucus of piles of wharves, &c.
Obelia geniculata (Linn6) Allman. Ver., Inv. V. S., p, 727, 1874.
On floating fucus stranded on Long Point beach, inner shore.
Obelia dichotoma (Linn6) Hincks. Ver. , Inv. V. S. , p. 728, 1874.
Very abundant on eel-grass, one-half fathom.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 133
Sertularia pumila Linnd. Vcr. , luv. V. S. , p. 732, 1874.
Very common, and growing principally on fucus, on i)iles of wharves;
also on floating fucus in the harbor. A very robust variety was col-
lected from fiicus stranded on the outer beach at Eace Point.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF KAY (RAIA STEIiliUtiATA)
FBOITI ITIONTEREir, CAr.IFORNIA.
By DAVID S. JORDA]\ and CHAKLES II. OILBERT.
Raia stellulata sp. nov.
Allied to Baia radula Delaroche. Disk much broader than long,
anteriorly broadly arched, and convex, the tip of the snout very slightly
exserted. Anterior margin of pectorals undulated, convex anteriorly,
then concave. Length of snout from eyes a little more than twice the
width of the interocidar space, which is concave, less than the distance
between the outer angles of the spiracles. Breadth of disk equal to the
distance from the tip of the tail to the shoulder-girdle. Length of tail
equal to the distance from its root to the middle of the interocular area.
Male everywhere above rough with stellate prickles, the base of the
pectorals being almost smooth. Along the middle region of the back
and the whole upper surface of the tail is a band of close-set, rather
low prickles, with broad, very distinctly stellate bases. An elongate
patch of stout, recurved spines on the anterior part of the pectorals,
and farther back the usual series of claw-like spines found in the males
of all species. Stout spines above the eye, a few in the middle of the
shoulder, and along the middle line of the tail. Sides of the tail with-
out large prickles. Lower side smooth, except around the mouth.
Female everywhere above rough with stellate prickles, the anterior
region, middle of back, and upper surface of tail most so. A median
row of strong spines on the tail above, and six on the scapular region.
A series of strong spines over the eye. A lateral row of rather strong
jjrickles on the tail. Body smooth below, except anteriorly.
Tail flat below, with a conspicuous lateral fold. Dorsal fins low, their
height equal to the interorbital space, separated by a space considerably
shorter than their base. Caudal fin reduced to a very small fold, as in
the "genus" Uraptera^ to which this species would be referred in Miiller
& Henle's arrangement.
Mouth somewhat arched. Teeth not A'ery sharp, tricuspid, about
— ^ — Nasal flaps slightly fringed externally. Distance between
nostrils about equal to the distance from them to the tip of the snout.
Color grayish-brown, everywhere mottled with light and dark colors,
the markiugs sharp and distinct. Numerous black spots of all sizes,
some of them ocellated. A black spot about as large as the eye at the
134 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
base of each pectoral, each surrounded by a pale ring and in turn by
anotlier dark one. Head with black cross-bars. The two sexes entirely
similar in color.
This species is not uncommon in the Bay of Monterey. We have
obtained eight examples, which agree with each other very closely.
One of these is a female, about 18 inches in length, in which the ovaries
are immature. The other females are about 30 inches in length, and
the ovaiies are fully matured, containing eggs. The males are about
30 inches long, likewise bearing evidences of maturity. These speci-
mens are now in the United States National Museum. This species is
readily distinguished from the two others known from the Pacific coast
by its obtuse snout and its rough skin.
The Rata binoculata Girard is the common skate of the Pacific coast,
and is brought in in large numbers to the San Francisco markets. In
color it is uniform light brown, with a black ring near the base of each
pectoral, and usually a dusky crescent on each ventral. The pectoral
ocellus is often obscure, and sometimes can hardly be traced in pre-
served examples; in living specimens it is generally conspicuous.
The skin in the male is entirely smooth above, except the anterior edge
of the pectorals, the bony part of the snout, and the larger spines on
the front part of the pectorals, the supraocular region, a few (one to
six) on the scapular region, and a series along the median line of the
tail. There are two or three detached spines usually along the side of
the tail. The claw-like pectoral spines are also present. The females
have, in addition, a lateral series of spines on the tail and some i)rickles
on the posterior i)art of the pectorals, the larger spines found on the
pectorals of the male being wanting. The actual length of the snout
in E. binoculata is not much greater than in B. stellulata, but its form
is different, the disk being anteriorly acuminate, bounded by concave
lines, its length being more than three times the interocular space.
Male and female examj^les of this species, with ripe eggs, or well-
developed clasi)ers, are about two feet long.
Still another ray is known to us from a female example from Mon-
terey about 30 inches in length. It agrees witli B. binoculata in every
respect, except in the form of the snout, which is extremely long,
acuminate, and pointed, its length nearly four times the interorbital
width. The anterior outline of the disk on each side of the snout forms
a nearly uniform concave curve, it being scarcely at all undulated.
These differences are shown by the aj)pended table of measurements.
We consider this at present a variety of Raia binoculata^ although such
variations in the length of the snout are unusual in the same species.
Still another form is known to us from two exami)les, a male and a
female, each about 6 feet in length, taken at Monterey. This form must
be considered as the Raia cooperi Girard, as the very imperfect descrip-
tion of the latter species agrees in all essential respects with these
specimens.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135
Eaia cooperi has the snout acutely produced, rather more so than in
R. binoculata, thouf>h less than in the variety referred to, the distance
from the eye to the tip of the snout being about twice the interorbital
width. The length of the disk is § its width; the tail is § the length of
the disk. The female is covered above with small stellate prickles,
which are larger over the eye, on posterior edge of pectorals, on ven-
trals, the middle line of the back, and on the tail. Prickles on tail in
several series. Diflerentiated spines present only over eye and on
tail. The male is nearly smooth, its spines essentially as in B. hiiio-
culata. Color brown, with paler blotches ; a large, obscure, blackish
blotch at base of i^ectoral. This species has scarcely a trace of caudal
44
40"
tin, and is therefore likewise an " JJraptera.''^ Its teeth are about
^Yhether this Baia cooperi is a distinct species or merely very old indi-
viduals of Raid hinoculata we are now unable to decide. There are no
important ditierences, except such as might accompany increased age.
Table of measurements.
Extreme length, in inches
Lenijthof disk, in inches
Disli:
Greatest width (hundredths of length of disk)
Greatest width at front of e.ves
Width of snout, midway between eyes and tip of snout.
Distance from shout tofirst gill-opening
Distimco between tirst gill-openiugs
Distance between last gill-openings
Distance from first to last gill-openings
Width of mouth
Width of interorbital space
Distance from snout to mouth
Diameter of orbit
Tail :
Length
Distance between dorsals
Height of first dorsal
_ Length of base of tirst dorsal
liaia
stellulata. ?
17.45
10.10
121
58
41
43
31.5
18
14
IS
8
24
71.5
5
7.5
Eaia
binoculata. d
21.6
13.00
106
45.5
16.7
50.5
25.5
14.3
12.8
15
7
2L5
6.2
67
3.8
liaia
hinoculata
var. ? ?
28.8
18.4
103
41
14
12
15. 5
Monterey, Cal., April 7, 1880.
DESCRIPTIOIVM OF IVEIT SPECIES OF XIPIIISTFB AIVD APODICH-
THYS, FKOM MOIVTJEBEY, CAX^IFORNIA.
By DAVID S. JOBDARf and CHARI.ES H. <j}IL.BE:RT.
1. Xiphister chirus sp. nov. •
Body elongate, somewhat comj)ressed, formed as in XipMster miicosus
{Xiphidion mucosum Girard). Head short, convex in protile, not de-
pressed above the eyes. Mouth small, oblique, the maxillary extending
to opposite middle of pupil. Eye small, as long as snout, about 5 in
head. Lower jaw slightly projecting. Teeth strong, the anterior canine-
like, bhmtish; four canines in lower jaw, six or more in the upper, similar
136 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
to the posterior teeth, but somewhat enlarged. Lateral teeth of lower
jaw short, blunt, the series extending behind the anterior canines.
Lips fall, the upper protractile. Head naked. Gill membranes united,
without isthmus.
Body covered with minute scales, the usual three parallel lateral lines
running without union from the head to the tail. Each of these, as in
other species, with a series of simple, transverse, alternating, short
branches at right angles, and each with one or two open pores. These
branches correspond in the outer lines each to a dorsal or anal ray.
Middle line farther from each of the outer lines than these are from the
dorsal or anal. A short dorsal line, similar to the lateral lines and simi-
larly branched, extending from the occiput to the first dorsal spine.
An abdominal line on each side of the belly. These gradually converge
anteriorly and meet on the breast. They are not connected with the loiver
lateral line. In the other species of the genus the lower lateral line
sends a branch to the abdominal line.
The vertical fins are similar in all the species, the dorsal of low sharp
spines only; the anal similar, but composed of soft rays, both slightly
joined to the caudal.
Dorsal fin beginning close behind the pectoral, at a distance from the
opercular angle not greater than the diameter of the eye. Anal begin-
ning about a head's length nearer the snout than the base of the cau-
dal, or about 1^ head's lengths nearer snout than end of caudal.
Pectoral fin quite small, hut several times larger than in any of the other
species, larger than the eye, its length about equal to the distance
between the middle and lower lateral lines.
Fin rays: D. LXX; A. 50; P. 14.
Color olive-brown, yellowish below ; the sides everywhere with mar-
blings of different shades of brown, mostly in the form of vertical bars.
Some round black spots along the back and upper part of the sides;
a black spot behind opercles. Head brown above, yellowish below;
a narrow black streak from eye directly backward across the temporal
region. Numerous black spots on sides of head, but no radiating bands.
Dorsal and anal fins with black spots ; pectorals plain yellowish, a con-
spicuous dark axillary spot ; caudal plain reddish.
This species differs from the others of the genus in the large pectorals,
the absence of anterior union of the lower lateral and the abdominal
lines, in the position of the first rays of dorsal and anal, in the presence
of more than two canines in the upper jaw, and in the coloration, the
sides of the head being without stripes and the caudal i)lain. .
It is known to us from about twelve examjiles taken at the Point of
Los Pinos, near Monterey. It inhabits rocks at the extreme low-tide
mark, and is abundant chiefly among the masses of mussels which
cover the outermost rocks exposed to the wash of the waves. Like the
other species of the genus, it is very active and makes its way readily
out of water over damp rocks and algce. It seems to reach a smaller
size than the other species.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137
2. Xiphister rupestris sp. nov.
Besides the foregoing species, which is distinguishable at sight from
Xiphister wucosus, a second species occurs in great abundance among
the rocks about Monterey. This species is more nearly allied to X. mu-
cosus, agreeing with it in form of body, mouth, teeth, and arrangement
of the lateral lines; differing in the coloration of the head, in the num-
ber of dorsal and anal rays, in the insertion of the dorsal and anal fins,
and in the size of the pectoral fins. A description of these i)oints will
suftice, without the enumeration of features common to all the species
of the genus.
The life coloration of Xiphister mueosus is blackish green, becoming
pale green on the belly and sides of the head; toward the tail the black-
ish is commonly broken with much olive- green in various patterns;
a transverse light-greenish bar at base of caudal, which extends to the
dorsal and anal fins. Radiating backward from the eye are three olive-
brown streaks, these much lighter in the center and edged above and
below with blackish, outside of which is sometimes a streak of light
green. These streaks all merge backward in the olive-green of the
head. The upi)er streak Irom the eye toward the occiput is generally
obsolete or small and indistinct; the middle streak is wedge-shaped,
with the edges straight or nearly so; it is but slightly more than one-
third the length of the head; the third streak terminates before reach-
ing the margin of the preopercle. A very old example, over a foot lojig,
has a difi'use yellow blotch on the back anteriorly.
In Xiphister rupestris the life coloration is olive-brown or reddish
brown, uniform or variously marked and shaded with lighter; a light
olivaceous bar at base of caudal, extending on dorsal and anal; behind
this a blackish area; the tip of the caudal usually pale. Three long,
well-defined streaks radiating backward from the eye, these streaks
uniform black, overlaying the olive cheeks, and abruptly margined with
very light olive; the upper streak is more distinct than in X. mueosus;
the central streak proceeds straight backward from the eye, half the
breadth of the cheeks, at which point it is broadest; it is then narrowed
and bent abruptly downward ; both the middle and lower streak reach
the margin of the preopercle, the length of the middle streak being
three-sevenths that of the head.
In Xiphister mueosus the dorsal fin begins anteriorly, nearly as in
Xiphister chiriis, the distance from its origin to the occijiut heing less
than that from the occiput to the tip of the snout. The origin of the anal
fin is nearly midway from the snout to the tip of the caudal, it being
nearer the snout than the tip of the caudal fin by from one-third to two-
thirds the length of the head. The fin rays are pretty constantly
D. LXXIII, A. 48. The pectoral fin is as long as the eye.
In Xiphister rupestris the dorsal fin begins farther back, the distance
from its origin to the occiput being one-third greater than the distance from
the occiput to the snout. The anal fin begins much in advance of the
138 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
middle of the body, the distance from the first ray to the tip of the
caudal exceeding the distance to the snout by nearly twice the length
of the head. The fin rays are very constantly D. LXVI, A. 50. Pec-
toral fin very short, its length less than the diameter of the eye (about
three-fifths).
These two species are extremely and equally abundant about Monte-
rey, especially on the Point of Pines. They live under rocks in the
sand, in crevices of rocks, and in masses of algae between tide-marks.
They are very active, making theii' way readily on land, and remaining
out of water in damp places for hours without inconvenience. We
have procured upwards of a hundred specimens of each species, and
find the distinctive characters, although few, to be very constant.
XipMster cruoreus {Xiphidium cruoreum Coi^e, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc,
1873), from Alaska, is apparently either identical with Xiphister mucosiis
or closely allied to it. The description agrees better with mucosus than
with rupestris.
The systematic position of the genus XiphisUr deserves a moment's
notice. Professor Gill has referred it to a family, ^^XipMdiontidw,''^ dis-
tinguished from '■'' Sticliwidce''^ chiefly by the absence of pyloric coeca, and
from " Cehedichthyidce^^ by the short intestinal canal, the absence of
pyloric coeca, and the absence of soft rays in the dorsal.
As a matter of fact, the intestinal canal in XipMster is but little
sh€a-ter than in CehedicMhys. It has Jive or six icell-developed pyloric cceca.
Whatever may be the value of the family " Stichccidce,^^ the writers do
not believe that CehedicMhys, XipMster, and ApodicMliys are representa-
tives of distinct families. The lateral line of CehedicMhys, by the way,
corresponds to the upper lateral line of XipMster, and like it has for its
whole length a series of short lateral branches eudmg in open pores.
Table of measurements.
X. chirus.
X. mucosus, 1.
X. mucosus, 2.
X. rupes-
tris, 1.
X. rupes-
tris, 2.
4.08
3.90
10
30.90
10.40
12.9
4.3
13.7
8.4
2
5.7
1.7
16
3
51.5
4.7
1.7
6.70
6.40
13
3.8
14
8.5
7.08
6.75
10
6.25
Length to base of caudal =: 100
Body:
6.10
Head:
14
15.4
15
10
1.8
0.3
2
21
3
44.5
5
2.5
15.5
Dorsal:
Distance from snout
15
51.5"
21.5
Hei"ht
43
43
3
2.5
70
50
1.5
1
66
50
Pectcr,^>l, width
■ 73
48
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONxiL MUSEUM. 139
3. Apodichthys fuconun sp. uov.
Allied to Apodiclithys flavidus Girard, but differing in the form of the
anal spine, in the smaller number of fin-rays, and in the smaller size of
the pectoral fins.
Form of head and body and dentition as in Apodiclithys Jiavidus.
Mouth very oblique, the maxillary reachmg the vertical from the center
of the pupil. Dorsal fiu beginning at a point considerably nearer the
nape than the latter is from the end of the snout. Anal spine small, its
length about one-fifth that of the head, transversely very convex m front,
and dUjhtly concave or grooved behind. Pectoral fins very small, about
one-fifth the length of the head. Anal fin beginning nearer base of
caudal than tip of snout by about three times the length of the head.
Dosal, very constantly, LXXXIII ; A. 33*.
In Apodichthys Jiavidus the ^dorsal begins as much behind the nape
as the latter is behind the tip of the snout. The anal spine is very large,
two-fifths the length of the head, and deeply excavated on its anterior
surface and very convex behind, the spine being very thin and with shari)
edges, resembling a quill-pen.
Pectoral fins larger, about two-fifths the length of the head. Anal
beginning nearer base of caudal than tip of snout by twice the length
of the head. Fin rays : D. XCIII ; A. 40.
The life coloration of Apodichthys fucorum is either bright olive-green
or brownish red, becoming in alcohol either bright straw color or Ver-
million ; a row of dark spots extending along axis of body, these some-
times with |ight-bhiish center, and connected by a very narrow dark
streak. Generally a dark streak downward from eye, but no other
markings about the head.
The ground-color of these fishes, whether red, green, yellow, or brown,
has no significance in specific distinction. As with many other species
of rock-fish, they take the color of their siuToundings. When in masses
of Fucus, this species is always olive-green ; when among Chondrus, or
other red-brown algae, it is colored like the plants. We have seen
Ohgocottus maculosus (which species is ordinarily brownish, mottled,
the belly blue) dark grayish red in pools lined with Corallina, deep
crimson when surrounded by brighter algae, plain gray in pools w-ith
granite bottoms and no plants, and of the most intense grass-greon
when taken from among fronds of Ulva. Other fishes imitate exactly
the brown branches of the kelp {Macrocystis). Thus the names jiavidus,
viresccns, and sanguineus have been successively applied to diiiereutly
colored examples of Apodichthys flavidus.
Our specimens of the latter si)ecies are orange-red, everywhere
dusted with minute punctulations. A few pale round sl^ots on axis of
body posteriorly. A narrow jet-black bar downward and backward
from eye, falling behind the maxillary ; a shorter black streak from eye
toward occiput. Anal fin obliquely barred with brownish.
Apodichthys fucorum is exceedingly abundant about the Point of Los
140 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Pinos, near Monterey. It is found mostly in masses of Fucus attached
to rocks between tide-marks, and it is often found at low tide at a con-
siderable distance from any water, kept damp by the masses of algse.
Sometimes a dozen of them can be shaken from a bunch of algae
attached to a dry rock. It is, like the species of XipMsier, very active,
moving- over stones or sand, and showing less anxiety about the pres-
ence of its native element than any other fish known to us. The very
numerous typical examples are all of nearly the same size as the one
measured below. It probably does not attain so great a size as Apo-
dichthys Jiavidus.
AVe have little doubt that Professor Gill is right in uniting Jiavidus
Girard, virescens xVyres, and sanguineus Gill as one species. Whether
inornatus Gill is different or net we do not know. At any rate, its num-
ber of fin- rays (D. XO, A. 38) will separate it from A. fucorum.
Table of measurements.
A. fur cor um. A. Jiavidus.
Extreme lenjrth, in inclies
Length to base of caudal = 100
Body, greatest depth
Hea'd:
Length
Distance from snout to nape
Dorsal, distance from snout
Anal :
Distance from snout
Height of spine
Length of pectoral
Dorsal rays
Anal rays
Monterey, Cal., A]jril 7, 1880,
4.35
8.90
4.10
8.50
9.5
11
10
11
8
6
13
11.5
68
CO
2
4
2
4
83
93
35
40
OESCRIPTIOX OF A TERY^ liARCE FOS!>iIIi OAiSTEROPOD FROm
TUG STAT£ OF PUFBI^A, ]TI£XICO.
By C. A. IVHITE.
The United States National Museum has received from Mr. H. B.
Acton, through the Hon. J. W. Foster, United States minister to
Mexico, the very interesting fossil shell which is described in the follow-
ing paragraphs. Mr. Acton says, in a letter accompanying the specimen,
that it was obtained from the strata upon which are located the Zapo-
titlan Salt Works, which works are about six miles south westward from
the town of Tehuacan, in the State of Puebla, Mexico, and about 115
miles inland from the Gulf coast. He gives the elevation of that local-
ity as G,oOO feet above the level of the sea.
Only one example of this species has Jbeen received, and it is accom-
panied with examples of no other species. Fragments of the imbed-
ding rock, which is a dense bluish limestone, have been carefully exam-
ined, and although they w^ere found to contain numerous fragments of
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 141
fossil sliGlls, not any of tlieui were sufficiently well preserved to iiulioate
eveu their generic relations. No satisfactory information has been
obtained concerning any geological observations that may have been
made in that region, which might convey a knowledge of the geological
age of the strata of the locality from which the fossil in question was
obtained, and I am therefore under the necessity of relying wholly
upon the testimony afforded by the fossil itself. The genus to which I
have referred it has hitherto been known only in rocks of Cretaceous
age; and there aj)pears to be no good reason to doubt that the strata
from which this Mexican shell was obtained belong also to that period.
Genus TYLOSTOMA Sharpe.
Tylostoma princeps (sp. nov.).
(Plate II, figs, land 2.)
Shell very large, general form rhombic-ovate, inflated; spire moder-
ately extended; volutions five or six, convex, having an ill-defined nar-
row shouldering at the distal or upper portion, adjacent to the suture;
umbilicus none, suture impressed; aperture ovate-semilunate, large, its
length equal to more than two-thirds the full length of the shell; outer
lip forming an approximately regular curve from near the suture to the
anterior portion of the aperture, which, although broad, is somewhat
l)roduced; margin of the outer lip only slightly sinuate; iuner lip bear-
ing a broad, moderately thin callus, its outline somewhat strongly sin-
uate and its margin narrowlj^ flexed along its anterior portion.
Surface marked by the ordinary lines of growth.
Length from the apex to the front margin of the aperture, 220 milli-
meters; greatest breadth, 160 millimeters; length of aperture, 150 mil-
limeters. (Museum, No. 88G4.)
This is much the largest fossil gasteropod that has ever been found
in North American Mesozoic strata ; and it is excelled in size by only
comparatively few of its class that have since existed.
It has much the general aspect of a Liinatia, but it is referred with-
out much hesitation to the genus Tylostoma Sharpe. This last-named
genus is regarded by some malacologists as having affinities with the
Tectibranchiata, near Pterodonta ; but I agree with Stoliczska and Zit-
tel in referring it to the Pectinibranchiata, and placing it near Lunatia
in the Naticid?e. It is true that all the characteristics of Tylostotna, as
enumerated by Sharpe and characteristic of most if not all the species
which have been referred to that genus, are not clearly observable upon
the only example of this species that has been discovered; but being
plainly without an umbilicus, or any umbilical perforation, in connection
with its other characteristics, ft cannot be referred to any other recog-
nized genus of the Naticidre. The condition of our example is not such
as to show clearly whether or not the outer lip was thickened at the
time of the death of the moUusk.
142 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The varices or alternate swellings, characteristic of Tylostoma, are
present, but not so conspicuous upon this example as they are upon
some species of the genus, especially upon T. niutahllis Gabb, another
Mexican Cretaceous form; but they are quite as conspicuous as they
are shown to be in the i)ublished figures of Sharpe's type species, T. tor-
rwbice. These varices or swellings are more apparent in our example
by an apical than by a lateral view of it, but their x^resence is indicated
in fig. 2 upon the ultimate and penultimate whorls.
Although size cannot generally be relied upon as a specific character,
the extraordinary dimensions of this shell separate it clearly from any
other known form with which it might be otherwise in danger of being
confounded. The only fossil species which resemble it, or even approx-
imately approach it in size, are the JSfatica pedernalis and ¥, jprw-graiidis
of Eoemer, from the Cretaceous of Texas; but both these species evi-
dently belong to a group that is now generally referred to Lunatia, or
Euspira; and the largest known examples of either of these forms have
scarcely more than half the dimensions of the exami)le here described.
DESCRIPTION OF TWO IVEW SPECIES OF SEBASTICHTIIVS (SEBA-
ST1C^3TE3VS EIVTOITIEI.AS AND SEBASTICHITIIYS RE10D0€EIL,0-
RIS;, JFKO.TI ITIONTEBEY BA¥, CALIFORNIA.
By I>AY1E> IS. JORDAN ami CHARLES H. GILBERT.
Sebastichthys entomelas sp. nov.
Allied to *S'. oralis (Ayres).
Body oblong, rather elongate, the back regularly but not strongly
arched, contracted to a rather slender caudal peduncle. Head moder-
ate, the profile less steep than in related species, but the tip of the
snout blunter than in ovalis. Mouth small, the short maxillary extend-
ing to below the middle of the eye. Lower jaw projecting, its tip enter-
ing the profile, but considerably less protruding than in ovalis. Pal-
atine teeth few.
Preorbital very narrow, without spine. Eye rather large, about 4 in
length of head, less thau the interorbital space, which is strongly con-
vex, especially in its middle part.
]^asal spines minute. Preocular spine broad, triangular, rather prom-
inent, more conspicuous than in mclanops, but raucli less so than in
ovalis. Supraocular ridge little develof>ed, its spine minute, sliarp, con-
cealed by the scales. Postocular spine present, minute, similarly con-
cealed. Ko tympanic spine. Occipital ridges scarcely developed,
concealed by the scales, without distinct spine at tip. In ovalis all
these spines, though small, are distinct. Iwflavidus there is no trace of
any spines on the cranium, and the ridges are little developed.
Preopercular spines rather small, directed backwards, the two lower
obsolete. Opercular spines small, two suprascapular spines. Scales on
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143
top and sides of head very small, present on maxillary, mandible, pre-
orbitai, and snont.
Scales on body small, in about 65 transverse series.
Gill-rakers numerous, long and slender, their length about half the
diameter of the eye.
Dorsal spines very low and slender, the fin moderately emarginate,
the membrane joining the last spine at about two-fifths its height. Soft
dorsal long and low, the soft rays about as high tis the highest spines,
a little more than one-third the length of the head. Caudal forked.
Anal low, its second spine stronger than third, but scarcely higher, less
than two-thirds the lioight of the hrst soft ray. Pectoral fins moderate,
not reaching vent, their tips beyond tips of veutrals, their base 3i in
length of head.
Fin rays: D. XIII, 15; A. Ill, 8.
Color rather dull olive-green. Sides with obscure round rusty spots.
Belly, lips, and lower parts tinged with creamy. Obscure light and
dark shades across cheeks. Traces of two or three obscure dark verti-
cal bars. Dorsal dusky, with reddish shades. Caudal dusky, the rays
olive. Other fins duskj^, with creamy reddish at base. Lower half of
pectoral distinctly reddish.
Peritoneum jet-hlacJc.
This species is known to us from five specimens taken in deep water
outside of Monterey Bay, in comi)any with S. ovalis, ruhrivinctus, elon-
fjatus, etc. It is known to the Portuguese fishermen as " Buda:'' Its
relations are probably most intimate with ovalis, which differs in the
following respects :
Ovalis is much deeper and more oval in form, with the back consider-
ably more elevated, and the profile much more steep, the lower jaw
more protruding. The mouth reaches to the posterior edge of the
pupil. The preocular ridge is very strong, forming a large triangular
protuberance ending in a spine; small supraocular, postocular, tymi^a-
nic, and occipital spines are present, the tympanic spine very minute,
but constant. The dorsal fin is very low, the notch between the si)inous
and soft parts extremely shallow, the membrane joining the last spine at
more than two-thirds its height, the height of the spinous and soft por-
tions about equal. The second anal spine is considerably the longest and
strongest, scarcely lower than the soft rays. The pectoral fins are long,
reaching to the vent.
Anal rays, III, 7, or III, 8.
The color of this species when adult is olivaceous, strongly tinged
with pale creamy red, especially below. The membrane of both dorsals
are covered with many small round black spots. Some of these are
usually present on the body. The upper fins are greenish, the lower
more yellowish, and most of them are more or less dusky-edged. Cau-
dal fin rather dark.
Peritoneum black.
144 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The remaining species of this type, mclanoj)s, simulans, and Jlavidns,
differ in the absence of any distinct spines on the cranium, as well as in
color, form, and other pecnliarities. Melanops has the preocular ridge
considerably developed, and occasionally ending in a spine. The others
have this ridge obsolete. The mouth in simulans and flavidus is consid-
erably larger than in the other species. In melanop/s and simulans the
tins are slaty black, like the body. In flavidus they are olivaceous, the
caudal being distinctly brownish yellow (hence the popular name of
Yellow-tail). The peritoneum in fiavidns is pure white, in melanops
somewhat dusky.
Sebastichthys rhodochloris sp. nov.
Allied to S. rosaceus (Girard).
Body oblong, more elongate than in rosaceus, the back less elevated,
the profile less steep. Mouth comparatively large, but rather smaller
than in rosaceus, the maxillary not reaching beyond posterior border of
l^upil. Jaws about equal in the closed mouth, the lower with a small
symphyseal prominence. Preorbital narrow, with two bluntish i)rojec-
tions. Eye very large, longer than the long snout, 3J in head.
Spinous ridges on top of head very high, slender, and sharp, more
elevated than in rosaceus, chlorostictus, and constellatus, and sharper.
N'asal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, and occipital spines
present, as in most of the red species. Supraocular ridge long and prom-
iuent. Postocular and tympanic s^jines close behind it, sharp and
large. Interorhital space very narrow, its width even posteriorly less
than length of supraocular spine (in rosaceus considerably more). Inter-
orbital. space with two longitudinal ridges, sharp and conspicuous, not
covered by the scales, the very narrow interspace between them strongly
concave, the spinous ridges strongly divergent behind.
Preopercular spines sharp, directed backward, the three upper long
and i^ointed, more developed than in rosaceus, less radiating than in
chlorostictus. Two sharp suprascapular spines. Opercular spines short
and sharp.
Gill-rakers about as in rosaceus and clilorostictus, moderately long and
slender, much shorter than in cvalis or pinniger, but longer than in
nebulosus and ruber, the longest gill-raker about one-fourth the diame-
ter of the eye.
Dorsal fin still lower than in rosaceus, the membranes little emargin-
ate, the longest spine about 2§ in head (in rosaceus 2^). Emargination
of dorsal moderate. Soft rays low, the highest about equal to the
highest spine. Caudal fin slightly emarginate.
Second anal spine proportionately longer than in any other of our
species, very strong, curved, its length about equal to that of the max-
illary or the base of the soft dorsal, or about half the length of the
head. It is higher than the soft rays of the anal. Pectoral fins reach-
ing past tips of the ventrals nearly to the anal.
D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 6.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 145
Scales moderate, in 58 transverse series, the small accessory scales
very numerous.
Groundcolor briylit clear rose-red, tcithout any trace of ^purplish.
Eegion above the lateral line with much deep green, in the form of
reticulatnig- streaks. Below the lateral line the green gives place to
bright golden yellow, which is similarly mixed with the red. Top of
head with cross-bands of green and red, green streaks radiating from
the eye, one to snout, one along maxillary, three across cheeks and
oijercles, and one across temporal region.
Four bright pale i)iiik spots on the sides of the back, arranged as in
rofioceufi, connteUatuSj and chlorostictus ; the color brighter than in these
species, and entirely devoid of the purplish ling which is found in
rosaccus ; one si)ot is under the fourth dorsal spine, one near the lateral
line under eighth dorsal spine, one under junction of si»inous and soft
rays, aiul me under the last soft ray. The tirst and third of these spots
are each surrounded l)y a distinct ring of green. Another pink spot on
the tip of the opercle. A distinct pale area behind eye. Dorsal with
the rays red and the membranes olive-green. Caudal and anal with the
rays red and the membranes golden. Pectorals red, dashed with olive.
Ventrals red. Under parts of head and the inside of the mouth i^ale
red, unspotted.
In 8. rosaceus the red on head above, and around the pink spots on
the sides, is distinctly purple-red. The yellow or olive on the back and
sides blends with the red instead of forming distinct reticulations, and
there is little if any green on the back or fins. The lateral line is clear
red, usually not crossed by the olive marks.
SehastkhthyH rhodochloris occurs in abundance in the deep waters of
the Bay of Monterey. It is a small tish, like 8. rosaceus^ and rarely
reaches a weight of more than a pound. It is known to the tishermen
of Monterey by the name of "Fly-tish," 8. rosaceus being called
" Corsair."
One tisherman who j^rocured a number of them for us, on being told
that his "Fly-fish" was very much like the "Corsair," summed up the
relationships of the two as follows: "You bet it is like it, but it is a
different kind of fish."
The following species of "rock-fish" were obtained by us in Monte-
rey Bay. The names used by the fishermen of Monterey are appended.
Most of these are evidently names in use for other species at the
Azores, transferred to species of Californian waters:
S. paucispinis Meron, Tom-cod, Jack-fish.
S. Havidus Yellow-tail.
S. simubins
S. niehinops Pe^sce Pretre (Priest-fish, from its color).
S. entojnelas Buda.
S. ovalis Vinva (Widow).
Proc. I^at. Mus. 80 10 Jwly S, 1880.
146 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
S. atrovirens Garrupa (Vera).
S. pinniger Fliaiim.
S. miniatus Easlier.
S. auriculatus
S. proriger
S. eloDgatus Eeila.
S. vexillaiis Yellow Garrupa.
S. cblorostictus Pesce Vermiglia.
S. rhodochloris, Fly-fish.
S. rosaceus . . Corsair.
S. constellatus Bagre.
S. ruber Tambor.
S. rubrivinctus Spanish Flag.
S. rostrelliger Garrui>a.
S. maliger
S. carnatus Eed Garrupa.
S. nebulosus
S. fasciolaris Spotted Garrupa.
S. serriceps Tree-fish.
Table of measuremenis.
Entoinelas
(Monte-
rey).
Ovalis
(Monterey).
Melanops
(Sta. Bar-
bara).
Flavidus
(Monterey).
Rhodochlo-
ris (Mon-
terey).
Bosaceus
(Monterey).
Extreme length, inches
Length to base caudal, in-
ches — 100
12
10
29.5
9
30.5
7.8
12.5
8.7
5
13
11
35
9
32
8
11.5
8
5
12.25
10.10
36
11
31.6
7.3
13
9.5
3.8
14.90
12.05
33.8
11.5
36.5
8.5
16
9.3
5
9.10
7.90
34
9
39.5
12
18.5
5
3
8
7. 5
15
15
8.85
7.55
Body:
36
Head:
35
10
19.5
Width interorbital area .
Longest gill-rakers
6
3.5
5
7
Dorsal :
Height highest spine . . .
Highest soft ray
Height 12th spine
Height membrane 12th
12
12.5
4
3.5
9.5
9
14
14
21
8
27
18
13
'1
5.5
12.5
ii;5
14.5
14.5
19
9
31
20
11.3
15
13.7
17
16
15.5
Anal :
Second spine
8
10
17.5
17
23
29
29
20.5
9.5
10.7
20
19.3
22.5
27
27
22.5
19
1.3.5
17
17
15
19
Caudal :
Pectoral :
9
27
21.5
9.5
27.5
"Ventral, length
20
Santa Cruz, Cal., April 15, 1880.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 147
OIV THE OCCIJRREIVCE OF A .«)PE:€IG«4 OF CRElTIIVOBATEiSi AT .SAX
1>IC:00, CAI.IFORIVIA.
By ROSA SMITH.
Three specimens of a small scaly Bleiiiiy found in those rocky tide-
pools which are heavily lined witli algi^e, on March (J, 1S8().
This Bleuny is evidently of rare occurrence, this one xjoint being at
present its only known habitat on the Pacific coast of the United
States, and these three specimens the only ones I conkl procure. It is
accompanied by Oligocottus analis, which in this vicinity is abundant in
all rock-pools, by Gibbonsia elegans of a dull color, and by Hypleurochi-
his (fentiUs.
These specimens were provisionally identified as belonging to Cremno-
bates monophilialmus (Giinther) Steindachner {Anchcnopterns monoph-
thalmus Giinther, Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus., iii, 275), a species hitherto
known from three exam[)les from the Pacific coast of Central America.
My specimens differ from Giinther's description in the following partic-
ulars: The dorsal fin is continuous, the membrane of the third spme
joining the fourth near its summit in two examples, at its first third
in the other. The Jiead is proportionally shorter, forming two-ninths of
the total length instead of one-fourth, and the body is less elongate,
its dei^th forming one-fifth the total length instead of one-sixth. The
characters of the San Diegan form of this genus agree more closely
with Steindachner's description of Cremnobates affinis (Ichthyologische
Beitrage, v, 178), a species considered by its describer as doubtfully
distinct from G. monophthalmus. G. affinis is known from one individual
taken on the West Indian island of St. Thomas, the proportions and
coloration of which accord with my specimens, but this species also has
the membrane from the third dorsal spine joining the fonrtli at its base
("die Membrane des dritten letzten Strahles setzt sich an die Basis des
foigenden ersten Stachels des zweiten Dorsales an").
If the specimens from San Diego j)rove to be of a distinct species,
which seems probable, they will be separated fj-om those already known
by the single merely emarginate dorsal fin, instead of two separate
fins. In any event, the genus Grcmnobates furnishes an interesting
addition to the fauna of our Pacific coast.
Cremnobates integripinnis sp. uov.
Description. — The body is oblong, compressed. The head is less
than the fourth of the total length, which measures two inches and an
eighth. Gape of mouth oblique, the maxillaries reaching a vertical
line intersecting posterior rim of orbit. Head conical, thickish, with
the orbits placed far forward, small fringed tentacles on their superior
margins, a tentacle on i)osterior margin of anterior nostril, and i)almate
tentacles on occiput. A cusp or spine on opercle.
Dorsal continuous, composed wholly of spines of nearly equal height
148 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
throughout, the first and second spines a little higher than the third,
which is rather higher than the fourth, the third and fourth somewhat
separated, but connected by membrane nearly as high as that connect-
ing fourth and fifth, the other spines gradually increasing in height
backward. The three anterior spines less stiff than the others.
The two anal spines are connected by a membrane to the soft part of
that lin, the anterior insertion of which is about midway between tip of
snout and base of caudal. The caudal is jjosteriorly rounded, its inter-
radial membrane being emarginate; the membrane of the last dorsal
spine joins the base of the first ray of the caudal, while the latter is
free from anal, the free tips of which extend beyond base of caudal.
Pectorals fan-like, their extremities reachiug a vertical line intersect-
ing vent. Brauchiostegal membranes continuous under throat. Body
covered with conspicuous cycloid scales, which are smaller on the belly.
I^o scales on head or fins.
Lateral line of thirty-eight scales, beginning on the scapular region,
running anteriorly very high, abruptly curving around pectorals, and
pursuing a straight course on the median line of the side to the tail.
Teeth rather strong, conical, in a narrow band; a single series of
rather strong teeth on vomer.
Color varies in three individuals: one is a dark brownish gray,
another, of equal size (2| inches long), is lighter; while a third, of 1^
inches in length, is lavender in color. The markings are similar on all
my specimens, each being macnlated and obscnrely barred with a darker
shade of its own color; the dorsal region is always darkest, and each
individual has an ocellated spot, black, with narrow pale edging on
posterior portion of dorsal fin. Dorsal and anal fins each with narrow
l)ale edging. Pectoral fins reddish violet at base, with a black crescent
around it, the rest of the fin pale, with dark cross-bars. Ventrals barred.
Caudal with a dark bar at base, the rest of the fin translucent, with
narrow dark bars formed of spots.
Table of measurements.
Length :
Total, iu inches 2. 05
To base of caudal, iu iucTies 100 = 1. 70
Bofly, greatest depth : . . 23
Head :
Length 26
Diameter of eye 7.5
Length of maxillaiy 11
Dorsal fin :
Total length 80
Distance from snout , 21
Length of anterior part 9
Height of first spine 6
Height of second spine 7
Height of third spine 4
Height of fourth spine 3
Height of highest spine 7.5
Height of membrane connecting third and fourth spines 1.8
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149
Anal fin, distance from snout 4.7
Caudal, length 18
Pectoral, length 24
Ventral, length 17
Fin rays :
Dorsal XXXII
Anal 11,20
Scales in lateral line 38
The specimeDS have been presented to the United States National
Museum. ^
San Diego, Cal., A2)ril 10, 1880.
ON SOITIE: NE^V species of eocene MOI.I.USCAFKOM THE SOVTH-
EBN UNITED STATES.
By ANOELO HEILPRIIV.
A part of the species herein described have been for several past years
among the collections of the United States National Museum. Those
which are mentioned as coming from Texas were collected by Mr. G. W.
Marnoch, who sent them some years ago to Dr. C. A. White, and were
by the latter gentleman presented to the National Museum. The num-
ber following the description of each species is that by which it is re-
corded in the museum register.
PLEUEOTOMA, Lam.
Pleurotoma pagoda, n. sp.
Plate, tig. 1.
Veutricose; whorls about nine, the body-whorl nodulated on its most
convex portion (nearly central), the nodulation consisting of a single
series of sharp, obtusely -pointed, and flattened spines or nodes, which
frequently appear double by the crossing of an impressed line over their
basal portion; upper volutions with a similar series of nodes almost im-
mediately above the sutural line, and gradually dwindling offinto acren-
ulation; upper siu-face of the whorls concave, faintly striated, thesinual
rugai indicating but a faint sinus ; lower surface with numerous well-
develoi^ed revolving lines, which show a tendency to alternate. Aper-
ture exceeding the spire in length, considerably contracted at about its
center.
Length, 1^ inch. (No. 1505.)
Eocene of Alabama.
This species in its general appearance greatlj' resembles certain forms
of Fusus, and a comi^arison of more numerous specimens may show it
to belong to that genus, although the ornamentation of the whorls, as
Avell as the sinual indication, more clearly point to Pleurotoma. The
150 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. i
only two specimens in the collection have the outer lip fractured, and I \
am therefore unable to pronounce conclusively upon the presence of a
true uot<;h.
Pleurotoma venusta, n. sp.
Plate, fig. 2.
Slender, acuminate ; whorls about nine, convex, ornamented by numer-
ous fine revolving lines, which on the body-whorl are disposed in pairs;
one deeply' impressed line margins the majority of the volutions imme-
diately below the suture ; sin nated lines of growth not prominent; si)ire
and aperture of about equal length.
Lengtl), l-l inch. (No. 1509.)
Jackson, Miss.
Pleurotoma platysoma, n. sp.
Plate, fig. 3.
Whorls ? in number, flattened, each volution following the other al-
most in direct continuation without any prominent sutural division, and
ornamented with numerous revolving lines, which on the caudal portion
of the body whorl tend to alternate, a fine line interposing itself between
the more prominent ones ; ajjerture. probably a little more than one-third
the length of the entire shell ; notch deep, sigmoidal.
Length, 2 inches ? (No. 891C.)
Atascosa County, Texas.
EUCHEILODON, Gabb.
EUCHEILODON CRENO-CARINATA, n. Sp.
Plate, fig. 4.
Whorls subscalariform, flattened above, the angulation formed by a
doubly crenulated carina; volutions ornamented by numerous revolving,
profoundly elevated stri^, which are decussated by the much finer sinu-
ated lines of growth ; the upper or flattened portion with a prominent
beaded line bordering the suture, and two (a finer and a coarser line)
intermediate ones between the same and the carina; outer lip grooved
within, and probably sharply crenulated by the terminations of the re-
volving striiie; columella with about eleven beads, which decrease in
size from above downwards. Aperture nearly equal in length to the
spire?
Length of fragment, 1 inch. (No. 8921.)
Jackson, Miss.
SCALARIA, Lam.
SCALARIA UNILINEATA, U. Sp.
Plate, fig. 5.
Whorls about nine in number, convex, with numerous very faint,
almost invisible, revolving lines, and much more ijrominent transverse
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 151
ones (about 24 on the body-wborl) ; two very distinct revolving lines on
the last volution, the upi>er one placed at about the middle, the lower
one subcariuating it (only the upper of these two lines is seen on the
remaining- whorls, appearing there as a central line) ; base striated by
revolving lines, and radially by the continuations of the transverse
lines ; apperture elliptical, somewhat i>roduced distally.
Length, f inch. (No. 8920.)
Jackson, Miss.
FUSUS, Lam.
Subgenus Steepsidura, Swainson.
FuSUS MARNOCHI, n. Sp.
Plate, fig. 6.
Volutions seven or eight, the earlier three or four convex, the remain-
der flattened; body-whorl subangulate; suture impressed; aperture
less than one-half the length of shell, the canal sharply twisted ; col-
umella with a pseudo-fold following the curve of the canal. The whorls
in the single specimen before me are destitute of ornamentation, but
some traces of the former existence of revolving lines are apparent.
Length, f inch. (No. 8917.)
Atascosa County, Texas.
Named after Mr. G. W. Maruoch, through whom this and other spe-
cies of older Tertiary Texas fossils have been obtained.
TEREBEA, Lam.
Terebra plicifera, n. sp.
Plate, fig. 8.
Turreted; whorls ? in number, flattened, rapidly decreasing in size
from the base "upwards, and ornamented by numerous broad and prom-
inently defined plicie, having a sigmoidal flexure; an impressed line on
the ui)ijer portion of each volution produces a subsutural ring or band,
over which the plica? and ( orresponding sulci are continued, and which
occasionally tends to become double from the j)reseuce of a second im-
pressed line. Bodj'-whorl with two elevated revolving lines on its basal
angulation; base radiately and longitudinally striated; aperture? (bro-
ken in all specimens).
Length? (No. 8919.)
Atascosa County, Texas.
CEASSATELLA, Lam.
Crassatella declivis, n. sp.
Plate, fig. 9.
Very inequilateral, somewhat inflated anteriorly, the posterior dorsal
margin descending very obliquely to the extremity, which is subcunei-
152 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
form ; anterior margin descendin o- rather abruptly, obtusely rounded j
basal margin somewhat sinuous posteriorly. Surface deeplj^ sulcated
for tlie greater portion, the sulci mainly disappearing on the umbonial
slope, where they give place to finely crowded strioe; aj^ex acute 5 mus-
cular impressions impressed; margin minutely crenulated.
Length, If inches. (No. 2490.)
Aquia Creek, Virginia.
Apeil 25, 1880.
©ESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW^ AG®lVOII> FI!^H (BRACHVOPSIS XYOSTER-
IVUS), FBOITI MONTEREV BAY, CAt.IFOK]VIA.
By DAVIO S. JORDAIV and CMARUCS II. GILBERT.
Brachyopsis xyosternus sp. nov.
Form of head and body as in Bracayopsis verrucosus Lockington.
Body elongate, depressed, broadest at the shoulders, thence tapering
rapidly to the snout, and gradually and evenly to the tail. Snout broad,
obtuse, depressed, its sides parallel. Mouth terminal, very oblique, the
lower jjw much the longer, its tip projecting upward above the upper
profile of the snout. Mandible very broad, its greatest depth one-third
its length, maxillary reaching to half way between front of orbit and
pupil. A long barbel three-fourths the diameter of the orbit at its end.
Premaxillaries anteriorly above the level of the i)upil. Jaws with bands
of villiform teeth. Vomer and palatines with slight asperities. Nasal
spines i^resent. No spines on top of cranium. Interorbital space broad,
concave, from the elevation of the supraocular ridges. Preorbital with
two spines. A sharj) spine on the suborbital at lower posterior margin
of eye. Preopercle with four processes, the upper one a sharj) sj^ine.
Opercle striate, without spine. Top of head and the upper parts of the
body without the small prickles Avhich are found in B. verrucosus. Oc-
cipital pit obsolete.
No isthmus, the gill membrane united across the breast. No slit be
hind the last gill.
Body with the usual eight series of long keeled plates. Each keel
terminating in a strong spine hooked backward, strife radiating in every
direction from the spine.
Dorsal series of i^lates 32, 6 before the spinous dorsal, 6 along its base,
4 between the two dorsals, 5 along the base of the soft dorsal, and 11
behind it. The two dorsal series uniting immediately behind the soft
dorsal, the resultant single series round, with radiating strise, the kee-
and spine obsolete. The two abdominal series similarly unite close be-
hind the anal fin.
The plates in the upper lateral series diminish in size forward, becom-
ing very small anteriorly. The lower lateral series becomes broader for-
wards as the other series decreases. It terminates abruptly opi)Osite
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 153
tbe origin of the seoond dorsal. In the lower lateral series are 29 plates,
in the abdominal series 30, 10 before the anal, 8 along its base, and 11
behind it.
Breast without distinct plates, but entirely covered with minute tubercles)
each of which has a central spine. A series of five plates in front of the
base of the pectorals, four of them armed with hooked spines.
Fin rays : D. VI-G ; A. 8 ; V. I, 2.
Lowest rays of pectorals not so short as in B. verrucosus, the lower-
most two-thirds the length of the longest (in B. verrucosus two-sevenths).
Pectorals barely reaching front of anal.
Ventrals much shorter than in B. verrucosus, the tips reaching slightly
more than half the distance to the anal fin (beyond front of anal in B.
verrucosus). Inner ray of ventrals very little longer than the outer, tbe
connecting membrane narrow (very broad in verrucosus). Vent but lit-
tle behind ventrals.
Coloration. — Upper parts dusky ; mandible, cheek, and subopercle sil-
very. Belly pale, with reddish tint. Lower half of pectoral reddish at
base, the rest of tbe fin thicklj' dusted with black points. Ventrals red-
dish. Dorsal membrane immaculate, the rays punctulate with black.
Caudal blackish. Anal reddish anteriorly, dusky behind.
This species is related to Brachyopsis verrucosus, lately described by
Mr. Lockiugton, differing, however, in several important respects, espe-
cially («) in the presence of small prickles on the breast instead of the
large wart-like plates characteristic of verrucosus, (b) in the short ven-
tral tins, (c) the absence of small prickles on the plates of the body, {d, .
the smaller number of plates, (e) the shorter vertical fins, (/) the long
maxillary barbel, and (g) the deep mandible.
Brachyopsis verrucosus is comparatively common in the open water be-
tween Point Eeyes and the Farallones, and is frequently brought in in
the trawl-nets. Brachyopsis xyosternus is thus far known onlj^ from a
specimen found on the beach at Santa Cruz by Dr. C. L. Anderson, and
presented by him to the United States National Museum.
The genus to which these two species belong is well separated from
Agomis by the absence of an isthmus, as well as by the entirely different
form of the mouth and anterior portion of the head. Whether they are
congeneric with the type of Brachyopsis Gill {Agonus rostratus Tilesius,
from Kamtschatka) is yet to be i^roven.
Table of measurements.
•
Xyosternus,
Santa Cruz.
Yerrucostis,
Punta Reyes.
Extreme length, in inches
5.20
4.40
11 (ca)
22
17.5
15
4
4.2
6 45
Length to baae of caudal — 100
5 55
Bortv, greatest depth
12
Head:
Length
24
Distance from snout to nape
19.5
Greatest width
16.5
Interorbital width
5
Length of snout
G
154 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
TaMe of measurements — Continued.
Head:
Length of maxillary
Leiiutli i)t' mandible
Depth of iiiaiuliblo
Diaiiu-U'i- of orbit
Length of maxillary barbel
Dorsal (sinnons) :
Distance from snout
Greatest liei<;bt .
T +1, „f i^„„.^ S to end of membrane
Lensth of base ^^ ^,^^^ ^ . ^
Dorsal (soft) ■■
Lengtbofbasejl--^
to end of membrane.
ray
Lenstb of base
se ^ *" '
*'- \ to :
Heigbt of luni;cst ray ,
Anal:
Distance from snout
to end of membrane,
i last ray
Hei.t';ht of longest ray
Caudal, leniTth ".
Pectoral, lengtb
Ventral :
Distance from snout
Lengtb
Dorsal rays *.
Anal ravs
Pectoral lays
Ventral rays
iXumber of tul'i's in lateral line
Number of jilaN s In dorsal series
Number of plates in lower lateral series . . .
Xyostcrnus,
Santa Cruz.
Verrucosus,
Panta Keyes.
7.5
12
2.5
6
1
25.5
13.5
12
52
24
10
1G.5
24.5
28
29.5
IX-7
11
14
1,2
37
35
35
Santa Cruz, Cal., April 20, 1880.
DESCKIPTBOIV OF A IVETT FliOlJIVRER (HIPPOCJliOi^SOIDES EXII.IS),
FBOITI THE COAST OF CALSFOKMA.
By B>AVIB> S. JOKDAN and CIIARI.ES SI. GILJSEKT.
Hippoglos3oides exilis sp. nov.
Eyes and color on the right side. Body elong-ate, comparatively
slender, rather closely comiiressed ; the dorsal outline more curved than
the ventral, and neither strongly arched; the body tapering backwards
into a slender caudal peduncle, which is considerably longer than deep.
Greatest depth about one-third the length to base of caudle.
Head moderate, not obtuse, the outline of the snout continuous with
the descending profile of the back. Mouth not large, very oblique, the
upper jaw with its margin on each side concave, the lower jaw correspond-
ingly convex. Lower jaw slightly protruding, with a distinct sym-
l^hyseal knob. Maxillary rather narrow, its posterior end obliquely
truncate, not extending quite to opposite the middla of the pupil. Pre-
maxillary anteriorly on the level of the interorbital space.
Teeth all conical, the upper jaw with tvvo distinct series; outer series
of teeth smaller than in the other siiecies of Hippoglossoides^ not large
anteriorly, and becoming quite small posteriorly. Teeth of the inner
series quite small, closel}' and evenly set. Lower jaw with a single
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 155
series of close-set teeth, much smaller than iu the outer series of the
upper jaw.
Ej'es large, the lower somewhat in advance of the upper, their diam-
eter two-sevenths of the length of the bead. The upper eye with some
vertical range, but not encroaching on the dorsal line.
Interorbital space a very narrow sharp ridge, with three rows of small
scales, a slight ridge connecting it with the lateral line. A series of
mucous pores around lower eye behind. About 8 scales iu a series
obliquely across the cheeks.
Gill-rakers rather slender, shorter than in the other species of this
genus, but similar iu form, compressed, toothed on the inner edge,
somewliat curved forwards. About 10 of them below the angle of the
arch, the longest not one-third the diameter of the eye.
Scales comparatively large, very much larger than in the other
species of Hippof/lossokles, thin, almost membranaceous, and somewhat
readily deciduous, their edges conspicuously ctenoid, but much less
rough than in Il.jordam. In the latter species the scales are of much
firmer texture, and their cilia are spine-like and stiff. The character of
the scales is similar to that of Athercsthcs stumias, which this species
also simulates in form and color. Scales on the head entirely similar to
those on the botly, but somewhat smaller. Tliose on left side also
similar, but less strongly ctenoid. They are, however, considerably
rougher than on the blind side in related species.
Lateral line very prominent, its tubes coarse. It is straight behind,
slightly and regularly" rising anteriorly, without trace of arch or con-
vexity.
Eays of both dorsal and anal fins extensively scaly on both sides.
Scales extending high up on all the fins. Scales 16-71-18 (42-125-13
in H ippoglossoides jordani) .
Fins low, rather fragile, the rays set well apart.
Dorsal tin beginning immediately in front of the pupil, its anterior
rays very low, the highest rays much behind the middle of the fin, their
height much less than the length of the caudal peduncle, and but little
more than the diameter of the eye.
Anal fin similar to the dorsal, but rather higher, preceded by a spine
whi(.'h is shorter than in II. jordani.
Caudal fin long, somewhat pointed, the middle rays unusually pro-
duced.
Pectoral fins small, little more than half the length of the head, that
of the left side less than a third. Ventral fins both lateral, small, not
reaching to the anal spine.
Fin rays : D. 78 ; A. G2 ; Y. 6.
Color i)ale olivaceous brown, rendered darker by black punctulations,
which form an edging around each scale, sometimes with a few very
faint bronze sj^ots. Fins somewhat dusky, especially the caudal and
156 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
pectoral ; dorsal and anal edged with yellowish anteriorly ; ventrals with
considerable light yellow.
This species is known to us from upwards of a hundred specimens
taken in sweep-nets between the Golden Gate and Point Eeyes.
All the specimens are small, ranging from 8 to 12 inches in length.
Its abundance, in the San Francisco market at least, seems to be con-
fined to the month of April.
Its relations are not intimate with the two species of this genus pre-
viously known — H. platessoides of the North Atlantic and H.jordcmi of
the North Pacific. From both it differs in the elongate form, much
larger scales, fevv^er fin rays, smaller teeth, «&c. With H. jordani, which
inhabits the same waters, it agrees in scarcely any respect, excepting
in the characters of the genus Mijjpoglossoides, i. e., the large mouth,
conical teeth, ctenoid scales, simple, straight, lateral line, convex caudal,
dextral eyes, &c.
Table of measurements.
Extreme length, in inches
Length to base of caudal, in inches ^^t-. 100. .
Body :
(Greatest height
Least height
Length of caudal peduncle
Head:
Greatest length
Width of interorbital area
Length of snout
Length of orbii
Length of maxillary
Length of mandible
Length of longest giU-raker
Dorsal :
Distance from snout
Greatest height
Anal :
Distance from snout
Height at longest ray
Caudal:
Length of middle rays
Length of outer rays
Pectoral:
Right side, length
Left side, length
Ventral, right side, length
Dorsal rays
Anal rays
Scales in lateral line
Scales in transverse row above lateral line
Scales in transverse row below lateral Hue
Exilis.
Jordani.
10.25
9.08
8.40
7.70
33
41
8.2
9.8
12.5
8
25.5
28.5
.50
1.50
3.7
3.8
9.3
9
9
11
11.5
14
2
3
9.3
9
8
11.5
35
33
9.5
10.5
20.5
17.5
17
17
14
15.5
8
11
7.5
8
78
94
62
73
71
125
16
42
18
43
San Francisco, Cal., April 21, 1880.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 157
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW IIVVEKTEBRATE FOSSII^S FROI?I TFTE
MESOZOIC AIVE> €ENOZOIC RO€KS OF ARKANSAS, Wl'OIVIINC}, C'OJIL-
ORADO, AIVE> UTAH.
By C. A. TVHITE.
The fossils described in the following paragraphs are among the col-
lections of the National Museum. All except one species h.ive been
selected for description from among the collections that were made
under the auspices of the surveys formerly in charge, respectively, of
Professor Powell, Dr. Hayden, and Captain Wheeler. Two of them,
CalUanassa ulrichi and Sjxirorbis diclhauti, are embraced in a small Col-
lection of Cretaceous fossils sent to the National Museum from near Li"--
tie Kock, Ark., by Mr. E. O. Ulrich, of Cincinnati, Ohio.
MOLLUSCA.
CONCHIFERA.
Genus PTERIA Scopoli.
Subgenus OXYTOMA Meek.
Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta (sp. nov.).
Avicida I'mgnifcrmis White, 1876 (not Sliinnard), Powell's Rep. Geol. Uiuta Mts., p. 95.
Shell r:ither small, appearing to be nearly erect, but the axis is slightly
obliijue to the hinge-line ; both valves convex, but the right one less
convex than the left ; hinge-line long, much longer than the axial length
of the shell ; posterior wing large, its extremity acutely angular and
moderately prominent; anterior wing comparatively large, prominent,
obtusely j^ointed, defined from the body of the shell by a sinus or furrow
in both valves, the direction of which forms a slightly obtuse or nearly
right angle with the hinge-line ; front, exclusive of the anterior wing,
nearly perpendicular the margin forming a nearly regular curv'e from
the front all the way around to the posterior side, where it is flexed
with a backward carve to meet the extremity of the hinge-line ; umbones
somewhat prominent, especially that of the left valve. Surface having
a nearly smooth ai)pearance, but the lens reveals the presence of some-
what regularly disposed concentric lines.
Length of hinge-line, 32 millimeters; axial length of the shell, 2G
millimeters. (Museum No. 8771.)
This shell was formerly referred by me {loc. cit.) to the Avicula lingui-
formis of Shumard, but it differs from that sp:^3ies by having larger
wings, a much longer hinge-line, and a much less oblique axis. It may
be compared with P. (0.) salinensis White, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.
ii, p. 29G, pi. 5, figs. 1 and 2; but it differs in being less robust, having
158 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
proportionaUj larger wings, narrower body, and a more nearly erect
axis.
Position and locality. — ^Lower Potato Valley, Southern Utali, where it
was obtained by Prof. J. W. Powell from Cretaceous strata.
Genus SOLEMYA Lamarck.
SOLEMYA BILIX (sp. nOV.).
Shell about two and a half times as long as high, broader anteriorly
than posteriorly ; both ends rounded, the posterior one more narrowly
so than the other ; both dorsal and basal margins gently convex or nearly
straight; test thin and fragile; valves moderately convex from above
downward, the greatest convexity in that direction being near the dor-
sum ; beaks, having the usual inconspicuous character common to the
genus, situated near the posterior end; ligament necessarily short, but
apparently well developed, and resting upou a fulcrum of support of the
usual character in each A^alve. Surface bright and, besides the usual
lines of growth, marked by numerous faint radiating lines, which are
visible to the unassisted eye, but are satisfactorily seen only under a
lens, nearly uniformly distributed over the whole surface, but ujion the
middle portion they are arranged in pairs.
Length, 20 millimeters ; height at the broadest part, which is in front
of the middle, 8 millimetres. (Museum Xo. 8913.)
This is plainly a characteristic species of Solemya, but the only fossil
species with which it need be compared is S. suhplicata Meek & Hay-
den, from the Fox Hills Cretaceous of the Upper Missouri. It differs
from that species in being proportionall}^ broader in front, in the charac-
ter and uniformity of distribution of its radiating striae, and in wanting
the subplicate character of the front portion. The extension of the epi-
dermis has not been observed, but in other respects this s]iecies may be
compared with the living S. velum Say in general form, and in the pair-
ing of its radiating lines.
Position and locality. — Cretaceous strata, associated with Mactra holmesii
{=Gyrenaf holmesii Meek), about four miles north of Golden, Colo.,
where it was obtained by Mr. W. H. Holmes. These strata were for-
merly supposed to belong to the Lignite series (Laramie), but they are
marine Cretaceous, as I have shown in An. Eep. U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr,
for 1877, pp. 193-196.
Genus LUCINA Brugui^-e.
LUCINA PEOFUNDA (sp. nOV.).
Shell subcircular or subpentahedral ; valves not very convex ; pos-
terior side truncate, narrower than the anterior; basal border having its
margin more abruptly convex at its middle than towards the front and
rear; dorsal margin short, nearly straight; front margin having a nearly
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159
regular ciu'vej beaks small, submedially located, distinct but iucou-
spicuous; umbonal ridge slightly developed, curved, passing near the
dorsal and posterior borders. Surface marked by the usual concentric
lines of growth.
Length, 20 iniHimeters; height, from base to beaks, 18 millimeters.
(Museura No. 8362.)
This species is readily recognizable by its comparatively narrow pos-
terior side, its deeply convex basal border, and slight convexity of the
valves.
Fosition and locality. — Cretaceous strata, Monument Creek, Colorado,
where it was obtained by Dr. A. C. Peale.
GASTEROPODA.
Genus PLANORBIS Guettard.
Planorbis ^qualis (sp. nov.).
Shell rather small, coiled nearly in a i)lane, apparently sinistral;
whorls apparently 4 or 5, in close contact but only slightly involute,
broadly convex upon the j)erii)hery, but their sides more narrowly con-
vex, their transverse diameter greater than that which corresponds with
the plane of the coil.
Surface marked by a considerable number of revolving raised lines or
slight angulations, which are crossed by the usual lines of growth.
Diameter of the full coil of the largest example discovered, G milli-
meters. (Museum No. 8909.)
This is apparently the only species of typical biumbilicate Planorhis
that has yet been discovered among the fossil fresh-water fauniTB of the
Western region, and it therefore needs no detailed comi)arison.
Fosition and locality. — Green Kiver Group, Eocene, Henry's Fork of
Green Eiver, Southern Wyoming.
Subgenus GYRAULUS Agassiz.
Planorbis (Gyraulus) militaris (sp. nov.).
Shell very small, dextral, depressed -convex above, umbilicate below;
volutions two and a half to three and a half, convex on all sides exce])t
the inner, which is very narrowlj^ flattened against each preceding coil;
suture deeply impressed both above and below ; surface marked bj' com-
paratively coarse lines of growth.
Diameter of the full coil of the larger examjiles in the collection, 4
millimeters. (Museum No. 8594.)
This form was noticed but not named by me in vol. iv, U. S. Expl.
& Sur. West of the 100th Merid., p. 210. At that time I was not sat-
isfied as to the mature condition of these shells, but by careful examina-
160 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tion of a larger number of exami>les there seems to be no reason for
doubt upon that point.
The subgenus Gyrauius has not heretofore been published as occurring
among our large fossil pulmonate moUuscan faunae of the West, but at
least two other species probably exist there, one in the Bear Eiver (Lar-
amie) strata, and the other in those of the Green Eiver Group.
Position and locality. — Head of Soldiers' Fork, Utah, where they were
obtained by one of the parties of the survey in charge of Lieutenant
Wheeler. The true age of the strata is not at present definitely known,
but it is understood to be either that of the upper i)ortion of the Lara-
mie or the'lower portion of the Wahsatch Group.
Genus LIMN^A Lamarck.
Subgenus LEPTOLIMNEA Swainson. •
LiMN^A (Leptolimnea) minuscula (sp. nov.).
Shell rather small, moderately attenuate; spire much longer than the
aperture; volutions six or seven, moderately convex, the distal border
very narrowly appressed against each preceding coil; aperture small,
elongate, subovate; columellar fold distinct, but not large. Surface
marked by distinct lines of growth, but no revolving lines have been
detected.
The only two examples of this species that have been discovered are
broken, but the full length of the larger one is estimated at 9 millime-
ters; diameter of last volution, 3 millimeters; length of aperture, 3^
millimeters. (Museum No. 8907.)
Position and locality. — From strata belonging to either the basal por-
tion of the Green River Group or the upper portion of the Wahsatch
Group, about three miles east of Table Eock Eailroad station, Southern
Wyoming, where it is associated with Planorhis cirratus White, and also
a small Limnseid that is probably referable to Acella Haldeman.
Genus HELIX Linnaeus.
Subgenus PATULA Haldeman.
Helix (Patula) sepulta (sp. nov.).
Shell convex above; umbilicus moderately wide; volutions about six,
convex upon all sides' except the inner; suture impressed ; surface reg-
ularly but minutely ribbed, the ribs having the same direction as the
lines of growth.
All the examples discovered are distorted by pressure, but the diam-
eter of the full coil of the largest example was about 12 millimeters and
its full height about 7 millimeters. (Museum No. 8908.)
Position and locality. — The coal-bearing series of strata at Evanston,
Wyo., where it is associated with //. evanstonensis White and other
forms. These strata belong either to the upper part of the Laramie or
the lower portion of the Wahsatch Grouj).
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 161
ARTICDLATA.
VERMES.
Genus SPIRORBIS Lamarck.
Spirorbis? dickhauti (sp. uov.).
Shell discoid, one side being nearly flat and the other broadly um-
bilicate; volutions about five, partiallj^ embracing but all of them visible,
somewhat rugose but increasing in size with considerable regularity ;
peripheral side of the volutions flattened or gently convex, having a
single revolving raisedrline along its middle and another similar one
at each border, where it sharpens the angularity between the lateral
and peripheral sides; outer portion of both the lateral sides of the
volutions concave, and the inner portion convex, giving the last-named
portion a greater transverse diameter than the outer portion, the larger
part of which is embraced by the next succeeding volution ; aperture
small, round, and apparently, but not really, contracted. The cavity
being round, the outer portion of the test only partakes of the irregu-
larity described, and seems to have' been deposited as an encrustation
upon the first-formed inner portion, that of adjacent volutions seeming
to blend, obscuring the suture. Besides a considerable degree of rugosity,
the surface shows under the lens a peculiar granular or rather an
etched appearance.
Greatest diameter of the full coil of the largest example discovered,
9 millimeters ; greatest diameter of the outer volution, near the aper-
ture, 2^ millimeters. (Museum No. 9073.)
In size and general aspect this species resembles 8. rotulus Morton
sp., from the Cretaceous of New Jersey, but although doubtless con-
generic, it differs from that species in the character of its surface orna-
mentation, and in having a round instead of quadrangular aperture.
This shell is referred to the shell-bearing worms and not to the mollusca
on account of the peculiar character of the test. It probably does not
strictly belong to the genus Spirorbis, but it is regarded as at least a
closely related form.
Position and locality. — Cretaceous strata near Little Eock, Ark.,
where it was obtained by Mr. E. O. Ulrich, and also by Mr. H. E.
Dickhaut, in whose honor the specific name is given.
CRUSTACEA.
Genus CALLIANASSA Leach.
Callianassa TJLRicni (sp. nov.).
Hand quadrate, flattened; inner face less convex than the outer; both
upper and lower edges acute, the lower one more so thun the upper, and
finely crenulate; fixed finger slender, plain, its transverse section sub-
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 11 Aug. S4, 1 § §0.
162 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
triangular, gently curved, shorter than the hand; movable finger larger
and stronger than the fixed one, having a moderately strong prominent
ridge upon the inner side, between the front end of which and the ex-
tremity of the finger there is sometimes a distinct tooth. Surface nearly
smooth, but some examples are granulate about the middle of both sides
of the hand, and several small foramina are observable along the upper
margin of the movable finger.
Length of hand, 13 millimeters; breadth, 10 millimeters; thickness,
4 milbmeters. (Museum No. 8910.)
Position and locality. — This species has been sent to the United States
National Museum by Mr. E. O. Ulrich, in whose honor the specific name
is given. He obtained it from Cretaceous strata near Little Kock, Ark.
Associated with it, besides certain characteristic Cretaceous mollusca,
there are several separate movable fingers which plainly belong to an-
other decapod crustacean ; but although complete in themselves, they
constitute too small a portion of the animal to satisfactorily base a specific
description upon them.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 163
A CATAI.OCIJC OF THE BIRDS OF IVORTH A.tlFRICA.
By ROBERT RIDOTVAY.
INTRODUCTION.
During the interval of twenty-one years which has elapsed since the
publication of the last Smithsonian catalogue,* a great advance has
naturally been made in our knowledge of North American ornithology;
and so numerous and important are the changes which have resulted,
through additions of new species, rectilications of synonymy, etc., that
a new list seems desirable to take the place of the old one.
The total apparent number of species given in the old catalogue has
been increased only from 738 to 764, a slight numerical discrepancy
which it is necessary to explain. From the catalogue of 1859 there
have been eliminated no less than G2 names, which are either not entitled
to a place in the North American fauna or which have been degraded to
varietal or sub-specific rank, the number of the species in the latter case
being here simply duplicated as many times as there are varieties of a
species. To offset this large reduction, 59 valid new species have been
described since 1859, and 77 added, or restored, to the fauna, the acces-
sions thus numbering 127 species, or 05 more than the eliminations. The
forms considered to be of merely subspecific rank number IGO, which,
added to the 764 valid species recognized, gives a total of 924 definable
forms composing the North American avian fauna, as now understood.!
It is found impracticable to here distinguish, in all cases, between
* Two catalogues of North American birds have been issued by the Smithsonian In-
stitution, as follows :
(1) Catalogue of North American Birds, chiefly in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution. By Spencer F. Baird, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
Washington: Smithsonian Institution. October, 1858. 4to, paper. 1 p. 1., pp. xvii-
Ivi. [Reissue, with new title-page, of pp. xvii-lvi of Vol. IX, Pacific R. R. Reports
(" Birds of North America"). Includes, besides the list of 7:>8 species, with habitats,
tables of the higher groups, and lists of extralimital species ('^3 in number) treated
in the general report, and of others (31) claimed, on apparently insufficient grounds,
as North American; also a summary of the number of species given in the works of
Wilson, Bonaparte, and Audubon. ]
(2) Catalogue of North American Birds, chiefly in the Museum of the Smithsonian
Institution. By Spencer F. Baird. First octavo edition. Washington: Smithsonian
Institution. [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 108.] 1859. Svo. 2 p. 11.,
pp. 19 -j- 2. [Essentially the same as the quarto list, but without habitats, and the
matter relating to classification, etc. The two additional pages are an alphabetical
index of the North American gerera. As in the quarto list, there are, ostensibly, 738
species, but 22 numbers are duplicated, making a total of 760 names in the list.]
T A fuU analysis of the changes made in this catalogue is given on pages 213-234.
164 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
species which are truly or peculiarly IS'orth American and those which
are more properly visitants from other countries; but in the case of
those whose occurrence appears to be accidental or occasional, the nnm-
her preceding the name is inclosed in brackets. Of the latter class,
species which there is good reason to believe did not reach our limits
through natural means (i e., those escaped from confinement) have been,^
in every case, carefully excluded, as have likewise all introduced species.
It has been deemed best, in view of the recent discoveries along our
southwestern border, to retain as North American all the species (less
than a dozen in number) treated by Professor Baird in Volume IX,
Pacific Eailroad Reports ("Birds of North America"), and likewise given
in the old catalogue, ou account of their having been obtained just across
the boundary, in Northern Mexico ; their discovery within our limits being
quite certainly only a question of time and investigation. For the same
reason, the remaining few of Giraud's "Sixteen New Species of Texan
Birds"* are also included. Neither are we prepared to relinquish several
Audubonian species which at the present time are known only from
the descriptions and figures by their discoverer (e. /y., Regulus cuvieri,
Ferissoglossa[^ carbonata, Dendroeca montana, and Wilsonia minuta, as
well as other better-known species which are given by Audubon on his
own authority {e. g., Chrysomitris ''hnageUanica^' = C. notata, and Eudoci-
mus ruber).
Several species peculiar to the islands of Socorro and Guadalupe, off
the coast of northwestern Mexico and Lower California, respectively,
together with the few forms peculiar to the latter peninsnla, are re-
garded as truly North American, their affinities, with perhaps only two
exceptions {i. e., Gonurus holochlorus and Folyborus lutostis), being strictly
" Nearctic."
The greatest difficulty encountered in the compilation of this work
has been in the way of distinguishiug between valid "species" aud
those forms to be regarded as geographical races of merely subspecific
rank. The greatest care has been taken in all doubtful cases of this
kind, and previous conclusions (published in "History of North Ameri-
can Birds "t and elsewhere) carefully reconsidered, with the aid of all the
material accessible, including many specimens not previously in hand.
This reconsideration of the subject has, in not a few cases, resulted in a
reversal of former opinion, specimens from important localities not be-
fore represented often deciding the point one way or the other. Every
form whose characteristics bear unuiistakably the impress of climatic or
* A Description of Sixteen New Species of North American Birds, by Jacob P.
Giraud, jr. New York. George F. Nesbitt, printer, Tontine Building, corner of Wall
and Vl''ater streets. 1841. Folio, not paged, 8 plates. [For species given in this
work, whicb have not since been obtained within the limits of the United States, see
p. 229.]
t A History of North American Birds, by S. F. Baird, T. M. Brewer, and E. Ridgway.
Laud Birds. Illustrated by 64 colored plates aud 593 woodcuts. 3 vols., royal 4to.
Boston. Little, Brown, & Co.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1G5
local influences, gradually less marked toward the habitat of another
form, with which it thus intergrades ; and all forms which certaiuly
intergrade, no matter how widely distinct the opposite extremes may
appear {e. g., Colapies aiiratus and mexicanns), together with intergrading
forms whose peculiarities are not exidained by any known " law " of
variation, have been reduced to subsjiecific rank. On the other hand,
where the diiierence between allied forms is slight, but at the same time
absolutely constant, and not coincident wdth a difference of habitat
[e. g., certain of the small Thrushes and the various forms of Junco),
speciiic rank is upheld. There are someforms w hich future investigation,
based upon adequate material, may decide to be of different rank from
that accorded them here. We cheerfully acknowledge our fallibility,
but at the same time would say that we have endeavored to be as con-
scientious and consistent as possible, giving the rank of each form as it
appears in the light of our i)resent knowledge, independent of previous
conclusions.
Smithsonian Institution, January 22, 1880.
CATALOGUE.
1. HYLOCICHLA MUSTELINA (Gmel.) Baird.
Wood Thrush. [148.]
2. HYLOCICHLA FUSCESCENS [Steph.] Baird.
Wilson's Thrush. [151.]
3. HYLOCICHLA ALICI.a3 Baird.
Gray-cheeked Thrush. [154.]
4. HYLOCICHLA USTULATA (Nutt.) Baird.
Russet-backed Thrush. [152.]
4a. HYLOCICHLA USTULATA SWAINSONI (Caban.) Eidgw.
Olive-backed Thrush. [153.]
5. HYLOCICHLA UNALASHKiE (Gmel.) Ridgw.
Dwarf Thrush. [150.]
5a. HYLOCICHLA UNALASHKiE AUDUBONII (Baiud) ElDGW.
Rocky Mountain Hermit Thrush. [149 a.]
5&. HYLOCICHLA UNALASHKiE PALLASI (Cabax.) Eidgw.
Hermit Thrush. [149.]
[6.] TURDUS ILIACUS Linn.
Red-wing Thrush.
7. MERULA MIGRATORIA (Linn.) Sw. & ElCH.
American Robin. [155.]
7 a. MERULA MIGRATORIA PROPINQUA RiDGW.
Western Robin.
8. MERULA CONFINIS (Baird) Eidgw.
Saint Lucas Robin.
9. HESPEROCICHLA NiEVIA (Gmel.) Baird.
Varied Robin. [156.]
10. OREOSCOPTES MONT ANUS (Towns.) Baird.
Sage Thrasher. [255.]
11. MIMUS POLYGLOTTUS (Linn.) Boie.
Mockingbird. [253,253 a.]
166
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 167
12. GALEOSCOPTES CAROLINENSIS (Linn.) Caban.
Catbird. [2o4.]
13. HARPORHYNCHUS RUFUS (LiNN.) Caban.
Brown Thrasher. [261, 261 o.]
13 <i. HARPORHYNCHUS RUFUS LONGIROSTRIS (Lafr.) COUES.
Mexican Brow^n Thrasher. [260.]
14. HARPORHYNCHUS CINEREUS Xantos.
Saint Lucas Thrasher.
14 a. HARPORHYNCHUS CINEREUS BENDIREI (CouES) Hensu.
Bendire's Thrasher.
15. HARPORHYNCHUS CURVIROSTRIS (Sw.) Caban.
Curve-biUed Thra^er. [259,259a.]
15 a. HARPORHYNCHUS CURVIROSTRIS PALMERI ElDGW.
Palmer's Thrasher.
16. HARPORHYNCHUS REDIVIVUS (Game.) Caban.
Californian Thrasher. [256.]
16a. HARPORHYNCHUS REDIVIVUS LECONTEI (Lawr.) Coues.
Leconte's Thrasher. [257.]
17. HARPORHYNCHUS CRISSALIS Henry.
Red-vented Thrasher. [258.]
18. HARPORHYNCHUS GRAYSONI Baird.
Socorro Thrasher.
19. CINCLUS MEXICANUS Swains.
American Water Ouzel. [164.]
[20.] CYANECULA SUECICA (Linn.) Bredm.
Blue-throated "Warbler.
[21.] SAXICOLA CENANTHE (Linn.) Bechst.
Stone Chat. [157.]
22. SI ALIA SIALIS (Linn.) Haldem.
Bluebird. [158.]
23. SIALIA MEXICANA Swains.
Californian Bluebird. [159.]
24. SIALIA ARCTICA Swains.
Rocky Mountain Bluebird. [IGO.]
23. MYIADESTES TOWNSENDI (AuD.) Caban.
Tovvrnsend's SoUtaire. [235.]
26. PHAINOPEPLA NITENS (Sw.) Scl.
Black-crested Flycatcher. [234.]
27. POLIOPTILA CiERULEA (Linn.) Scl.
Blue-gray Gaatcatcher. [282.]
168 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
28. POLIOPTILA PLUMBEA Baird.
Plumbeous Gnatcatcher. [283.]
29. POLIOPTILA MELANURA Lawr.
Black-capped Gnatcatcher. [284.]
30. REGULUS CALENDULA (Lixx.) Light.
Ruby-crowned Kinglet. [161.]
31. REGULUS OBSCURUS EiDGW.
Dusky Kinglet.
32. REGULUS CUVIERI AuD.
Cuvier's Kinglet. [163.]
33. REGULUS SATRAPA Light.
Golden-crowned Kinglet. [162.]
33a. REGULUS SATRAPA OLIVACEUS Baird.
Western Golden-crowned Kinglet.
[.34.] PHYLLOSCOPUS BOREALIS (Blas.) Dresser.
Kennicott's Warbler.
35. CHAMiEA FASCIATA Gamb.
Ground Tit. [274.]
36. LOPHOPHANES BICOLOR (Linn.) Bp.
Tufted Titmouse. [285.]
37. LOPHOPHANES ATROCRISTATUS Cass.
Black-crested Titmouse. [286.]
38. LOPHOPHANES INORNATUS (Gamb.) Cass.
Plain Titmouse. [287.]
39. LOPHOPHANES WOLLWEBERI Bonap.
Wollweber's Titmouse. [288.]
40. PARUS MONTANUS, Gajib.
Mountain Chickadee. [294.]
41. PARUS ATRICAPILLUS Lixx.
Black-capped Chickadee. [290.]
41a. PARUS ATRICAPILLUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (Hakris) AliEN.
Long-tailed Chickadee. [289,289 a.]
41 6. PARUS ATRICAPILLUS OCCIDENTALIS (Baird) Coues.
Oregon Chickadee. [291.]
42. PARUS CAROLINENSIS AuD.
Carolina Chickadee. [293.]
43. PARUS MERIDIONALIS Sgl.
Mexican Chickadee. [292.]
[44.] PARUS CINCTUS Bodd.
Siberian Chickadee.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 169
45. PARUS HUDSONICUS FORST.
Hudsonian Chickadee. [290.]
46. PARUS RUFESCBNS Towxs.
Chestnut-backed Chickadee. [295.]
46a. PARUS RUFESCENS NEGLECTU3, Eidgw.
Californian Chickadee.
47. PSALTRIPARUS MINIMUS (Towns.) Bp.
Least Tit. [298.]
48. PSALTRIPARUS PLUMBEUS Baird.
Lead-colored Tit. [299.]
49. PSALTRIPARUS MBLANOTIS (Hartl.) Bp.
Black-eared Tit. [297.]
50. AURIPARUS FLAVICBPS (Sundev.) Baird.
Yellow-headed Tit.- {300. J - -_
51. SITTA CAROLINENSIS Gmkl. - fcl.-'
■? •White-bellied Nuthatch. 1277.]
51a. SITTA CAROLINENSIS ACULB AT A (Cass.) Allen.
Slender-billed Nuthatch. l276.-\
52. SITTA CANADENSIS Linn.
Red-bellied Nuthatch. [279.]
53. SITTA PUSILLA Lath.
Brown-headed Nuthatch. [280.]
54. SITTA PYGMiBA ViG.
Pigmy Nuthatch. [281.]
55. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS RUFA (Bartr.) Eidgw.
Brown Creeper. [275.]
55a. CERTHIA FAMILIARIS MBXICANA (Gloger) Eidgw.
Mexican Creeper. [276.]
56. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS BRUNNBICAPILLUS (Lafr.) Gray.
Cactus Wren. [262.]
57. CAMPYLORHYNCHUS AFFINIS Xantus.
Saint Lucas Cactus Wren.
58. SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS (Say) Caban.
Rock Wren. [264.]
58a. SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS GUADALUPENSIS Eidgw.
Guadalupe Rock Wren.
59. CATHERPBS MEXICANUS (Sw.) Baird.
Mexican White-throated Wren. [263. J
59a. CATHERPES MEXICANUS CONSPERSUS ElDiaW.
White-throated Wren.
170 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
60. THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS (Gm.) Bp.
Carolina Wren. [265.]
GO a. T^YOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS BERLANDIERI (Couch) Coues.
Berlandier's Wren. [266.] .
60 6. THRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS MIAMENSIS KlDGW.
Florida Wren.
61. THRYOMANES BEV7ICKI (AuD.) Baird.
Bewick's Wren. [267.]
61a. THRYOMANES BEWICKI SPILURUS (ViG.) Baird.
Californian Bewick's Wren.
61 h. THRYOMANES BEWICKI LEUCOGASTER Baird.
Texan Bewick's Wren.
62. THRYOMANES BREVICAUDA RiDGW.
Guadalupe Wren.
63. TROGLODYTES AEDON, Vieill.
House Wren. [270,272.]
63a. TROGLODYTES AEDON PARKMANNI (AuD.) CoUES.
Western House Wren. [271.]
64. TROGLODYTES INSULARIS Baird.
Socorro Wren.
65. ANORTHURA TROGLODYTES HYEMALIS (Vieill.) Coues.
Winter Wren. [273.]
63 a. ANORTHURA TROGLODYTES PACIFICUS (Baird) Ridgw.
Western Winter Wren.
66. ANORTHURA ALASCENSIS (Baird) Coues.
Alaskan Wren.
67. TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS (WiLS.) Baird.
Long-billed Marsh Wren. [268.]
67a. TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS PALUDICOLA Baird
Tule Wren.
68. CISTOTHORUS STELLARIS (Light.) Caban.
Short-billed Marsh Wren. [269,]
[69.] MOTACILLA ALBA Linn.
White Wagtail.
[70.] BUDYTES FLAVA (Linn.) Gray.
Yellow Wagtail.
71. ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS (Gm.) Light.
American Titlark. [165.]
[72.] ANTHUS PRATENSIS (Linn.) Beghst.
European Titlark.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 171
73. NEOCORYS SPRAGUEI (Aud.) Scl.
Sprague's Titlark. [IGG."]
74. MNIOTILTA VARIA (Linn.) Vieill.
Black-and-white Creeper. [167 a.]
74 a. MNIOTILTA VARIA BOREALIS (Nutt.) Eidgw.
Small-billed Creeper. [167.]
75. PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Bodd.) Baird.
Prothonotary Warbler. [169.]
70. HELONiEA SWAINSONI Aud.
Swaiuson's Warbler. [179.]
77. HELMITHERUS VERMIVORUS (Gmel.) Bp.
Worm-eating Warbler. [178.]
78. HELMINTHOPHAGA BACHMANI (Aud.) Caban.
Bachman's Warbler. [182.]
79. HELMINTHOPHAGA PINUS (Linn.) Baird.
Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. £180.]
80. HELMINTHOPHAGA LAWRENCEI Herrick.
Lawrence's Warbler.
81. HELMINTHOPHAGA CHRYSOPTERA (LiNN.) Baird.
Golden- winged Warbler. [181.]
82. HELMINTHOPHAGA LEUCOBRONCHIALIS Brewster.
White-throated Warbler.
83. HELMINTHOPHAGA LUCI-SI Cooper.
Lucy's Warbler.
84. HELMINTHOPHAGA VIRGINI.5! Baird.
Virginia's Warbler. [183 a.]
85. HELMINTHOPHAGA RUPICAPILLA (WiLS.) Baird.
Nashville Warbler. [183.]
86. HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA (Say) Baird.
Orange-crow^ned Warbler. [184.]
86a. HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA LUTESCENS Eidgw.
Luteous Warbler.
87. HELMINTHOPHAGA PEREGRINA (WiLS.) Baird
Tennessee Warbler. [185.]
- 88. PARULA AMERICANA (Linn.) Bp.
Blue YeUow-backed Warbler. [1G8.]
80. PARULA PITIAYUMI INSULARIS (Lawr.) Eidgw.
Socorro Warbler.
89 a. PARULA PITIAYUMI NIGRILORA COUES.
Sennett's Warbler.
172 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
90. PERISSOGLOSSA TIGRINA (Gmel.) Baird.
Cape May Warbler. [20C.]
91. PERISSOGLOSSA CARBONATA (AuD.) Baird.
Carbonated Warbler. [207.]
92. PEUCEDRAMUS OLIVACEUS (Giraud) Coues.
Olive-headed Warbler.
93. DENDRCECA ESTIVA (Gmel.) Baird.
Summer Yellow Bird. [203.]
94. DENDRCBCA CiERULESCENS (Linn.) Baird.
Black- throated Blue Warbler. [193.]
9r>. DENDRCBCA CORONATA (Linn.) Gray.
Yellow-rump Warbler. [ 194. ]
96. DENDRCBCA AUDUBONn(To\\'>-s.) Baird.
Audubon's W;arbler. [.195:..] _
97. DENDRCBCA MACULOSA (G5n3L.) Eaird.
Black-aud-yeriow Warbler. [204.] :
98. DENDRCECA CiERULBA (Wils.) Baird. :
Cerulean Warbter. [201.] . .
99. DENDRCBCA PENZ^SYLVANICA (Linn.) Baird.
Chestnut-sided Warbler. [200.]
100. DENDRCBCA CASTANEA(Wils._) Baird.
Bay-breasted Warbler. [197.]
101. DENDRCBCA STRIATA (FORST.) Batrd.
Black-poll Warbler. [202.]
102. DENDRCBCA BLACKBURNliS (Gm.) Baird.
Blackbuxnian Warbler. [196.]
103. DENDRCBCA DOMINICA (Linn.) Baird.
Yellow-throated Warbler. [209.]
103 a. DENDRCBCA DOMINICA ALBILORA Baird.
White-browed Yellow^-throated Warbler.
104. DENDRCBCA GRACIiB CouES.
Grace's Warbler.
105. DENDRCBCA NIGRESCENS (Towns.) Baird.
Black-throated Gray Warbler. [192.]
106. DENDRCBCA CHRYSOPARIA SCL. & Sajlv.
Golden-cheeked Warbler.
107. DENDRCECA VIRENS (Gmel.) Baird.
Black-throated Green Warbler. [189.]
108. DENDRCECA TOWNSENDI (Nutt.) Baird.
Townsend's Warbler. [191.]
rROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
109. DBNDRCBCA OCCIDENT ALIS (Towns.) Baird.
Hermit Waibler. [190.]
110. DENDRCECA KIRTLANDI Baird.
Kirtland's "Warbler. [205.]
111. DENDRCECA PINUS (Wir.s.) Baird.
Pine-creeping Warbler. [198.]
11'2. DENDRCECA MONTANA (WiLS.) Baird.
Blue Mountain "Warbler. [199.]
113. DENDRCECA PALMARUM (Gmel.) Baird.
Red-poll "Warbler. [208.]
113a. DENDRCECA PALMARUM HYPOCHRYSEA EiDGW.
Yellow Red-poll "Warbler.
114. DENDRCECA DISCOLOR (Vieiix.) Baird.
Prairie "Warbler. [210.]
115. SIURUS AURIC APILLUS (Linn.) Swains.
Golden-crowned Thrush. [186.]
116. SIURUS NiEVIUS (BODD.) Coues.
StmaU-billed "Water Thrush. [187.]
116 «. SIURUS N.S3VIUS NOTABILIS Grinnell.
Grinnell's Water Thrush.
117. SIURUS MOTACILLA (Vieill.) Coues.
Large-billed "Water Thrush. [188.]
lis. OPORORNIS AGILI3 (^YILS.) Baird.
Connecticut "Warbler. [174.]
119. OPORORNIS FORMOSA (WiLS.) Baird.
Kentucky "Warbler. [175.]
120. GSOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA ("^YiLS.) Baird.
Mourning "Warbler. [172.]
121. GEOTHLYPIS MACGILLIVRAYI (AuD.) Baird.
Macgillivray's "Warbler. [173.]
122. GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS (Linn.) Caban.
Maryland Yellow-throat. [170.]
123. ICTBRIA VIRENS (Lixn.) Baird.
Yellow^-breasted Chat. [176.]
123«. ICTERIA VIRENS LONGICAUDA (Lawr.) Coues.
Long-tailed Chat. [177.]
124. "WILSONIA MITRATA (Gmel.) Bp.
Hooded "Warbler. [211.]
125. "WILSONIA PUSILLA (Wils.) Bp.
Black-capped Yellow "Warbler, [213.]
174 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
125a. WILSONIA PUSILLA PILEOLATA (Pall.) Eidgw.
Pileolated Warbler,
126. WILSONIA MINUTA (WiLS.) Ridgw.
SmaU-headed Flycatcher. [212.]
127. WILSONIA CANADENSIS (LiNN.) Coues.
Canadian Flycatching Warbler. [214,215.]
128. SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA (LiNN.) Swains.
American Redstart. [217.]
129. SETOPHAGA PICTA Swains.
Painted Redstart. [218.]
130. SETOPHAGA MINIATA Swains.
Red-bellied Redstart. [219]
131. CARDELLINA RUBRIFRONS (Giraud) Scl.
Red-faced Warbler.
132. ERGATICUS RUBER (Swains.) Baird.
Red Warbler. [216.]
133. BASILBUTERUS CULICIVORUS (Light.) Bonap.
Brasier's Warbler.
134. BASILBUTERUS BELLII (Giraud) Scl.
BeU's Warbler.
135. VIREOSYLVIA OLIVACEA (Linn.) Bonap.
Red-eyed Vireo. [240.]
136. VIREOSYLVIA AGILIS FLAVO-VIRIDIS (Cass.) Eidgw.
Yello-v7-green Vireo. [ 24 1 . ]
137. VIREOSYLVIA CARIDRIS BARBATULA (Caban.) ElDGW.
Black-whiskered Vireo. [243.]
138. VIREOSYLVIA PHILADELPHICA Cass.
Philadelphia Vireo. [244.]
139. VIREOSYLVIA GILVA (Vieill.) GasS.
Warbling Vireo. [245.]
139a. VIREOSYLVIA GILVA SWAINSONI Baird.
Western Warbling Vireo.
140. LANIVIREO FLAVIFRONS (Vieill.) Baird.
Yellow-throated Vireo. [252.]
141. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS (Vieill.) Baird.
Blue-headed Vireo. [250.]
141a. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS CASSINI (XAlfTUS) ElDGW.
Cassin's Vireo. [251.]
1416. LANIVIREO SOLITARIUS PLUM3EUS (C0UB8) All.
Plumbeous Vireo.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEXBI. 175
142. VIREO ATRICAPILLUS WOODH.
Black-capped Vireo. [247.]
143. VIREO NOVEBORACENSIS (Gmel.) Bp.
"White-eyed Vireo. [248.]
144. VIREO HUTTONI Cass.
Hutton's Vireo. [249.]
145. VIREO BELLII AuD.
Bell's Vireo. [246.]
146. VIREO PUSILLUS CouES.
Least Vireo.
147. VIREO VICINIOR CoUES.
Gray Vireo.
148. LANIUS BOREALIS Vieiix.
Great Northern Shrike. [236.]
149. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS Linn.
Loggerhead Shrike. [237.]
149 o. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS EXCUBITORIDES (Sw.) CoUES.
"White-rumped Shrike. [238.]
149 6. LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS ROBUSTUS Baikd.
Large-billed Shrike.
150. AMPELIS GARRULUS Linn.
Northern Wax- wing. [232.]
151. AMPELIS CEDRORUM (Vieill.) Baird.
Cedar Wax-wing. [233.]
1.52. PROGNE SUBIS (Linn.) Baird.
Purple Martin. [231.]
152a. PROGNE SUBIS CRYPTOLEUCA Baird.
Cuban Martin. [231 a. ]
153. PETROCHELIDON LUNIFRONS (Say) Lawb.
Cliff Swallow. [226.]
154. HIRUNDO ERYTHROGASTRA BODD.
Barn Swallow. [225.]
155. TACHYCINETA BICOLOR (Vieill.) Caban.
White-belUed SwaUow. [227.]
156. TACHYCINETA THALASSINA (SWAINS.) Caban.
Violet-green Swallow. [228.]
157. COTILB RIP ARIA (LiXN.) Boie.
Bank Swallow. [229.]
158. STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS (AuD.) Baird.
Rough-winged Swallow. [230.]
17G PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
159. CERTHIOLA BAHAMENGIS Eeichenb.
Baliaman Honey Creeper. [301.]
160. EUPHONIA ELEGANTISSIMA (Bp.) Gray.
Blue-hsadsd Euphonia. [224.]
1(51. PYKANGA RUBRA (Linn.) Vieh^l. *
Scarlet Tanager. [220.]
1G2. PYRAITGA LUDOVICIANA (WiLS.) Bp.
Western Tanager. [223.]
163. PYRANGA HEPATICA Swaixs.
Hepatic Tanager. [222.]
164. PYRANGA ESTIVA (LiNN.) Vieill.
Summer Redbird. [221.]
164 fl. PYRANGA iESTIVA COOPERI EiDGW.
Cooper's Tanager.
16.5. HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA (Cooper) Bp.
Evening Grosbeak. [303.]
166. PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR (Linn.) Vieill.
Pine Grosbeak. [304.]
[167.] PYRRHULA CASSINI Baird.
Alaskan Bullfinch.
168. CARPODACUS PURPUREUS (Gm.) Baird.
Purple Finch. [305.]
168 a. CARPODACUS PURPUREUS CALIFORNICUS Baird.
Californian Purple Finch. [306.]
169. CARPODACUS CASSINI Baird.
Casein's Purple Finch. [307.]
170. CARPODACUS FRONTALIS (Say) Gray.
House Finch. [308.]
170 «. CARPODACUS FRONTALIS RHODOCOLPUS (Caban.) RiDGW.
Crimson House Finch.
171. CARPODACUS AMPLUS RiDGW.
Guadalupe House Finch.
172. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA AMERICANA (WiLS.) COUES.
American Crossbill. [318.]
172a. LOXIA CURVIROSTRA. MEXICANA (Strickl.) Baird.
Mexican Crossbill. [318 a.]
173. LOXIA LEUCOPTERA Gm.
"White-winged Crossbill. [319.]
174. LEUCOSTICTE GRISEINUCHA (Brandt) Baird.
Aleutian Rosy Finch. [323.]
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 177
175. LEUCOSTICTE TEPHROCOTIS SwAixs.
Gray-crowned Rosy Finch. [322.]
175a. LEUCOSTICTE TEPHROCOTIS LITTORALIS (Baird) Coues.
Gray-headed Rosy Finch.
176. LEUCOSTICTE ATRATA Ridgw.
Black Rosy Finch.
177. LEUCOSTICTE AUSTRALIS Allejt.
Brown-capped Rosy Finch.
178. iEGIOTHUS CANESCENS Gould.
Mealy Redpoll. [.321.]
178a. ^GIOTHUS CANESCENS EXILIPES (CoUES) EiDGW.
■White-nimped Redpoll.
179. iEGIOTHUS LINARIA (Llnn.) Caban.
Common Redpoll. [320.]
179a. .ZBGIOTHUS LINARIA HOLBOLLI (Brehm) EidgW.
Greater Redpoll.
180. ^GIOTHUS BREWSTERI EiDGW.
Brewster's Linnet.
181. ASTRAGALINUS TRISTIS (Linn.) Cab.
American Goldfinch. [313.]
182. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA (Say) Coues.
Green-backed Goldfinch. [314.]
182 a. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA ARIZONiE, CoUES.
Arizona Goldfinch. [315.]
182 6. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA MEXICANUS (Sw.) CoUES.
Mexican Goldfinch.
183. ASTRAGALINUS LAWRENCEII (Cass.) Bp.
Lawrence's Goldfinch. [316.]
184. CHRYSOMITRIS NOTATA (Du Bus) Bp.
Black-beaded Goldfinch. [310.]
185. CHRYSOMITRIS PINUS (WiLS.) Bp.
Pine Goldfinch. [317:]
186. PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS (Linn.) Meter.
Snow Bunting. [325.]
187. CENTROPHANES LAPPONICUS (Linn.) Caban.
Lapland Longspur. [326.]
188. CENTROPHANES PICTUS (Swains.) Caban.
Smith's Longspur. [327. j
189. CENTROPHANES ORNATUS (TOWNS.) Cabax.
Chestnut-collared Longspur. [328,329.]
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 12 ^„^^ ^4^ I g gO.
178 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
190. RHYNCHOPHANES MACCOWNI (Lawr.) Baird
McCown's Longspun [330.]
191. CENTRONYX BAIRDII (AUD.) Baird.
Baird's Bunting. [331.]
192. PASSERCULUS PRINCEPS Maynard.
Ipswich SparroTV.
193. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS (Gmel.) Baird.
Sandwich Sound Sparrow. [333.]
193 a. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS SAVANNA (WiLS.) ElDGW.
Savannah Sparrow. [332.]
1936. PASSERCULUS SANDWICHENSIS ALAUDINUS (Bp.) RiDGW.
Western Savannah Sparrow. [335.]
194. PASSERCULUS ANTHINUS Bonap.
Titlark Sparrow. [334.]
195. PASSERCULUS GUTTATUS Lawr.
Saint Lucas Sparrow.
196. PASSERCULUS ROSTRATUS (Cass.) Baird.
Large-bUled Sparrow. [336,]
197. POOEICETES GRAMINEUS (Gm.) Bmkd.
Grass Finch. [337.]
197 rt. POCBCETES GRAMINEUS CONFINIS Baird.
Western Grass Finch.
198. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS (WiLS.) Bp.
Yellow--winged Sparrow. [338.]
198 a. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS PERPALLIDUS RiDGW.
Western Yellow-winged Sparrow
199. COTURNICULUS HENSLOWI (AuD.) Bp.
Henslo'w's Sparrow. [339.]
200. COTURNICULUS LECONTEI (AuD.) Bp.
Leconte's Sparro'w. [340.]
201. AMMODROMUS CAUDACUTUS (Gm.) Swains.
Sharp-tailed Finch. [341.]
201a. AMMODROMUS CAUDACUTUS NELSONI AlleN.
Nelson's Sharp-tailed Finch.
202. AMMODROMUS MARITIMUS (WiLS.) Swains.
Sea-side Finch. [342.]
203. AMMODROMUS NIGRESCENS RiDGW.
Black-and-'white Sea-side Finch.
204. CHOMDESTES GRAMMICA (Say) Bp.
Jiark Finch. [344.]
PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 179
204a. CHONDESTES GRAMMICA STRIGATA (Sw.) ElDGW.
Western Lark Finch.
20*. ZONOTRICHIA QUERULA (Nutt.) Gamb.
Harris's Sparrow. [348.]
203. ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS (FoRST.) SWAINS.
White-crowned Sparrow. [345.]
207. ZONOTRICHIA GAMBELI (Nutt.) Gamb.
Gambel's White-crowned Sparrow.
207 a. ZONOTRICHIA GAMBELI INTERMEDIA EiDGW.
Intermediate White-crowned Sparrow. [346.]
208. ZONOTRICHIA CORONATA (Pall.) Baird.
Golden-crowned Sparrow. [347.]
209. ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS (Gm.) Bp.
White-throated Sparrow. [349.]
210. SPIZELLA MONTANA (FoRST.) RiDGW.
Tree Sparrow. [357.]
211. SPIZELLA DOMESTICA (Bautr.) Coues.
Chipping Sparrow. [359.]
211a. SPIZELLA DOMESTICA ARIZONiE (CoUES) KiDGW.
W^estem Chipping Sparrow.
212. SPIZELLA PALLIDA (Sw.) Bp.
Clay-colored Sparrow. [360.]
213. SPIZELLA BREWERI Cass.
Brewer's Sparrow. [361.]
214. SPIZELLA PUSILLA (WiLS.) Bp.
Field Sparrow. [358.]
215. SPIZELLA ATROGULARIS (Caban.) Bd.
Black-chinned Sparrow. [362.]
216. JUNCO AIKENI Ridgw.
White-w^ingeS Snowbird.
217. JUNCO HYEMALIS (Linn.) Scl.
Black Snowbird. [354.]
218. JUNCO OREGONUS (Towns.) Scl.
Oregon Snowbird. [352.]
219. JUNCO ANNECTENS Baird.
Pink-sided Snowbird.
220. JUNCO CANICEPS (Woodh.) Baird.
Gray-headed Snowbird. [353.]
221. JUNCO DORSALIS Henry.
Red-backed Snowbird. [351.]
180 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUiL
222. JUNCO CINEREUS (SwAiNS.) Caban.
Meisicau Snowbird. [350.]
223. JUNCO INSULARIS EiDGW.
Guadalupe Snovrbird.
224. AMPHISPIZA BILINEATA (Cass.) Coues.
Black-tliroated Sparrow. [355.]
225. AMPHISPIZA BELLII (Cass.) Couks.
Bell's Sparrow. [356.]
225 a. AMPHISPIZA BELLII NEVADENSIS EUMJW.
Sagebrush Sparrow.
226. PEUCiEA iESTIVALIS (Light.) Cabax.
Bachman's Finch. [370.]
226a. PEUCiEA .ffiSTIVALIS ILLINOENSIS Eidgw.
Oak-woods Sparrow.
227. PEUCiEA ARIZONiE ElDGW.
Arizona Sparrow.
22a PEUC^A CASSINI (Woodh.) Baird.
Cassin's Sparrow. [371.]
229. PEUCiEA CARPALIS Coues.
Rufous-'winged Sparrow.
230. PEUC.S5A RUFICEPS (Cass.) Baird.
Rufous-crowned Sparrow. [372.]
230a. PEUCiEA RUFICEPS BOUCARDI (ScL.) B. B. & K,
Boucard's Sparrow.
231. MELOSPIZA F ASCI AT A (FoRST.) Scott.
Song Sparrow. [3G3.]
231a. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA FALL AX Baird.
Mountain Song Sparrow. [367.]
231 &. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA HEERMANNI Baird.
Heermaini's Song Sparrow. [364.]
231 c. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA SAMUELIS Baird.
Californian Song Sparrow. [343,365.]
231 r7. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA GUTTATA (Nutt.) Baird,
Rusty Song Sparrow. [366.]
231 e. MELOSPIZA FASCIATA RUFINA (Brandt) Baird.
Sooty Song Sparrow.
232. MELOSPIZA CINEREA (Gm.) Eddgw.
Aleutian Song Sparrow,
233. MELOSPIZA PALUSTRIS (Wils.) Baird.
Swamp Sparrow. [369.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 181
234. MELOSPIZA LINCOLNI (AuD.) Baird.
Lincoln's Finch. [368.]
235. PASSERELLA ILIACA (Merrem) Sw.
Fox-colored Sparro'w. [374.]
235a. PASSERELLA ILIACA UNALASHKENSIS (Gm.) RidgW.
Townsend's Sparro'w. [375.]
235 b. PASSERELLA ILIACA MEGARHYNCHA (Baird) Ridgw.
Thick-billed Sparrow. [376a.]
235 c. PASSERELLA ILIACA SCHISTACEA (Baird) Allen.
Slate-colored Sparro'w, [376.]
236. EMBERNAGRA RUFIVIRGATA Lawr.
Texas Sparro'w. [373.]
237. PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (LiNN.) VlElLL.
Che'wink; To'whee. [391.]
237 rt. PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ALLENI COUES.
Florida Tovrhee.
238. PIPILO MACULATUS ARCTICUS ( Swains. ) Coues.
Northern To-whee. [393.]
238a. PIPILO MACULATUS MEGALONYX (Baird) Couks.
Spurred To'whee. [394.]
238 &. PIPILO MACULATUS OREGONUS (Bell) Coues.
Oregon To'whee. [392.]
238 c. PIPILO MACULATUS CONSOBRINUS RiDGW.
Guadalupe Towhee.
238d. PIPILO MACULATUS CARMANI Baird.
Socorro To'whee.
239. PIPILO CHLORURUS (Towns.) Baird.
Green-tailed Towhee. [398.]
240. PIPILO FUSCUS MESOLEUCUS (Baird) Ridgw.
Canon To'whee. [397.]
240 a. PIPILO FUSCUS ALBIGULA (Baird) Coues.
Saint Lucas Brown Towhee.
240 &. PIPILO FUSCUS CRISSALIS (ViG.) CoUES.
Califomian Brown To'whee. [396.]
241 PIPILO ABERTI Baird,
Abert's Towhee. [395.]
242. CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS (Briss.) Bp.
Cardinal Grosbeak. [390.]
242 a. CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS IGNEUS (Baird) Coues.
Saint Lucas Cardinal.
182 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
243. PYRRHULOXIA SINUATA Bonap.
Texan Cardinal. [389.]
244. ZAMELODIA LUDOVICIANA (Linn.) Coues.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak. [380.]
245. ZAMELODIA MELANOCEPHALA (SWAINS.) COUKS.
Black-headed Grosbeak. [381.]
246. GUIRACA C^RULEA (Linn.) Swains.
Blue Grosbeak. [382.]
247. PASSERINA PARELLINA (Bp.) Eidgw.
Blue Btmting. [383.]
248. PASSERINA CYANEA (LiNN.) Gray.
Indigo Bunting. [387.]
249. PASSERINA AMCENA (Say) Gray.
Lazuli Bunting. [386.]
250. PASSERINA VERSICOLOR (Bonap.) Gray.
Varied Bunting. [385.] •
251. PASSERINA CIRIS (Linn.) Gray.
Painted Bunting; Nonpareil. [384.]
252. SPERMOPHILA MORELETII Pucheran.
Morelet's Seedeater. [388.]
253. PHONIPARA ZENA (Linn.) Bryant.
Black-faced Seedeater.
254. SPIZA AMERICANA (Gm.) Bonap.
Black-throated Bunting. [378.]
255. SPIZA TOWNSENDI (Auo.) Ridgw.
Townsend's Bmiting. [379.]
256. CALAMOSPIZA BICOLOR (Towns.) Bonap.
Lark Bunting. [377.]
257. DOLICHONYX ORYZIVORUS (Linn.) Swains.
Bobolink. [399.]
258. MOLOTHRUS ATER (Bodd.) Gray.
Cowbird. [400.]
258a. MOLOTHRUS ATER OBSCURUS (Gmel.) Coues.
Dwarf Co'wrbird.
259. MOLOTHRUS .SJNEUS (Wagl.) Caban.
Bronzed Cow^bird.
260. XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS (Bonap.) Bd.
Yellow-headed Blackbird. [404.]
261. AGELiEUS PHCENICEUS (Linn.) Vieill.
Red-and-bufif-shouldered Blackbird. [401.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSBUM. 183
261a. AGEL^US PHCBNICEUS GUBERNATOR (Wagl.) Coues.
Red-and-black-shouldered Blackbird. [402.]
2G2. AGELiEUS TRICOLOR (Nutt.) Bp.
Red-and-white-shouldered Blackbird. [403.]
263. STURNELLA MAGNA (Linn.) Swains.
Meadow Lark. [406.]
263 a. STURNELLA MAGNA MBXICANA (SCL.) RiDGW.
Mexican Meadow Lark.
264. STURNELLA NEGLECTA AuD.
Western Meadow Lark. [407.]
265. ICTERUS VULGARIS Daud,
Troupial. [408.]
266. ICTERUS AUDUBONII Giraud.
Audubon's Oriole. [409.]
307. ICTERUS WAGLERI SCL.
Wagler's Oriole. [412.]
268. ICTERUS PARISORUM Bonap.
Scott's Oriole. [411.]
269. ICTERUS CUCULLATUS Swains.
Hooded Oriole. [413.]
270. ICTERUS SPURIUS (Linn.) Bp.
Orchard Oriole. [414.]
271. ICTERUS GALBULA (Linn.) Coues.
Baltimore Oriole. [415.]
272. ICTERUS BULLOCKI (Swains.) Bp.
Bullock's Oriole. [416.]
273. SCOLECOPHAGUS FERRUGINEUS (Gm.) SWAINS.
Rusty Blackbird. [417.]
274. SCOLECOPHAGUS CYANOCEPHALUS (Wagl.) CAlUif.
Brewer's Blackbird. [418.]
275. QUI3CALUS MACRURUS Swains.
Great-tailed Grackle. [419.]
276. QUISCALUS PALUSTRIS Swains.
Mexican Boat-tailed Grackle.
277. QUISCALUS MAJOR Vieill.
Boat-tailed Grackle. [420.]
278. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS (Baktr.) Leicht.
Purple Grackle. [421.]
278 a. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS AGLiEUS (Baird) Coues.
Florida Grackle. [422.]
184 PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
2786. QUISCALUS PURPUREUS iENEUS Eidgw.
Bronzed Grackle.
[279.] STURNUS VULGARIS Linn. . *
European Starling.
280. CORVUS COR AX GARNI VORUS (Bartk.) Eidgw.
American Raven. [423,424.]
28L CORVUS CRYPTOLEUCUS Couch.
Wliite-necked Raven. [425.]
282. CORVUS FRUGIVORUS Bartu.
Common Crow. [42G.]
282 fl. CORVUS FRUGIVORUS FLORID ANUS (Baird) Eidgw.
Florida Crow. [427.]
282 6 CORVUS FRUGIVORUS CAURINUS (Baird) Eidgw.
Northwestern Fish Crow. [428.]
283. CORVUS OSSIPRAGUS WiLS.
Fish Crow. [429.]
284. PICICORVUS COLUMBIANUS (WxLS.) Bp.
Clarke's Nutcracker. [430.]
285. GYMNOCITTA CYANOCEPHALA Max.
Mazuniliau's Nutcracker; Pinon Jay. [431.]
286. PICA RUSTICA HUDSONICA (Scop.) Baird.
Black-billed Magpie. [432.]
287. PICA NUTTALLI AuD.
Yellow-billed Magpie. [433.]
288. PSILORHINUS MORIO (Wagl.) Gray.
Brown Jay. [444.]
289. CYANOCITTA CRISTATA (Linn.) Strickju
Blue Jay. [434.]
290. CYANOCITTA STELLERI (Gm.) Caban.
SteUer's Jay. [435.]
290 G. CYANOCITTA STELLERI FRONTALIS EiDGW.
Blue-fronted Jay.
2906. CYANOCITTA STELLERI ANNECTENS (Baird) Eidgw.
Black-headed Jay.
290 c. CYANOCITTA STELLERI MACROLOPHA (Baird) EiDGW.
Long-crested Jay. [436.]
291. APHELOCOMA FLORID ANA (Bartr.) Cabak.
Florida Jay. [439.]
292. APHELOCOMA "WOODHOUSEI (Baird) Eidgw.
Woodhouse's Jay. [438.]
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 185
293. APHELOCOMA CALIFORNICA (ViG.) Caban.
California Jay. [437.]
294. APHELOCOMA ULTRAMARINA COUCHII Baird.
Couch's Jay. [441.]
295. APHELOCOMA SORDIDA ARIZONA RiDGW.
Arizona Jay. [440.]
296. XANTHURA LUXUOSA (Less.) Bp.
Green Jay. [442.]
297. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Bp.
Canada Jay. [443.]
297 a. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS CAPITALIS Baird.
White-headed Jay.
297 &. PERISOREUS CANADENSIS FUMIFRONS EiDGW.
Smoky -fronted Jay.
298. PERISOREUS OBSCURUS EiDGW.
Oregon Jay.
[299.] ALAUDA ARVENSIS LiNN.
Sky Lark.
300. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS (FORST.) BoiE.
Shore Lark. [302.]
300 fl. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS LEUCOLiBMA COUES.
White-throated Shore Lark.
300 &. EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS CHRYSOL^MA (Wagl.) Coues.
Mexican Shore Lark.
301. MILVULUS FORFICATUS (Gm.) Swains.
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. [123.]
[302.] MILVULUS TYRANNUS (LiNN.) Bp.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher. [122.]
303. TYRANNUS DOMINICENSIS (Gm.) Eeich.
Gray Kingbird. [125.]
304. TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS (LiNN.) Temm.
Kingbird; Bee Martin. [124.]
305. TYRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS COUCHH Baird.
Couch's Kingbird. [128,129.]
306. TYRANNUS VERTICALIS Say.
Western Kingbird. [126.]
307. TYRANNUS VOCIFERANS SWAINS.
Cassin's Kingbird. [127.]
303. PITANGUS DERBIANUS (Kaup) Scl.
Mexican Pitangus.
186 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
309. MYIOZBTETES TEXENSIS (Giraud) Scl.
Giraud's Flycatcher.
310. MYIODINASTES LUTEIVENTRIS Bonap.
Henshaw's Flycatcher.
311. MYIARCHUS MEXICANUS (Kaup) Lawr.
Mexican Great Crested Flycatcher. [133.]
312. MYIARCHUS CRINITUS (LiXN.) Cabak.
Great Crested Flycatcher. [130.]
313. MYIARCHUS CINERASCENS Lawr.
Ash-throated Flycatcher. [131.]
314. MYIARCHUS LA"WRENCEI (Giraud) Baird.
Lawrence's Flycatcher. [133.]
315. SAYORNIS FUSCUS (Gmel.) Baird.
Phoebe Bird; Pewee. [135.]
316. SAYORNIS SAYI (Bonap.) Baird.
Say's Pewee. [136.]
317. SAYORNIS NIGRICANS (Swains.) Bp.
Black Pewee. [134.]
318. CONTOPUS BOREALIS (Swains.) Baird.
Olive-sided Flycatcher. [137.]
319. CONTOPUS PERTINAX Caban.
Coues's Flycatcher.
320. CONTOPUS VIRENS (Linn.) Caban.
Wood Pewee. [139.]
321. CONTOPUS RICHARDSONII (Sw.) Baird.
Western Wood Pewee. [138.]
322. EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS Baird.
Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. [144.]
323. EMPIDONAX DIFFICILIS Baird.
Western Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. [144 a.]
324. EMPIDONAX ACADICUS (Gmel.) Baird.
Acadian Flycatcher. [143.]
325. EMPIDONAX PUSILLUS (Swains.) Bd.
Little Flycatcher. [141.]
325a. EMPIDONAX PUSILLUS TRAILLII (AuD.) Baird.
Traill's Flycatcher. [140.]
326. EMPIDONAX MINIMUS Baird.
Least Flycatcher. [142.]
327. EMPIDONAX HAMMONDI (Xantus) Bd.
Hammond's Flycatcher. [145.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 187
328. EMPIDONAX OBSCURUS (Swains.) Baird.
Wright's Flycatcher, [146.]
329. EMPIDONAX FULVIFRONS (Giuaud) Scl.
Fulvous Flycatcher.
329a. EMPIDONAX FULVIFRONS PALLESCENS COUES.
Buff-breasted Flycatcher.
330. PYROCEPHALUS RUBINEUS MEXICANUS (ScL.) CoUES.
Vermilion Flycatcher. [147.]
331. ORNITHION IMBERBE (Scl.) Coues.
Small-billed Flycatcher.
332. PACHYRHAMPHUS MAJOR (Bonap.) Scl.
Thick-billed Flycatcher. [121.]
333. HADROSTOMUS AGLAI^ (Lafr.) Cab.
Rose-throated Flycatcher. [120.]
334. EUGENES FULGENS (Swains.) Gould.
Refulgent Hummingbird.
335. TROCHILUS COLUBRIS Linn.
Ruby-throated Hummingbird. [101.]
3:16. TROCHILUS ALEXANDRI BOURC. & MuLS.
Black-chinned Hummingbird. [102.]
337. CALYPTE COSTiE (Bourc.) Gould.
Costa's Hummingbird. [106 J
338. CALYPTE ANNiB (Less.) Gould.
Anna's Hummingbird. [105.]
339. SELASPHORUS PLATYCERCUS (Swalns. ) Bp.
Broad-tailed Hummingbird. [104.]
340. SELASPHORUS RUFUS (Gmel.) Aud.
Rufous Hummingbird. [103.]
341. SELASPHORUS ALLENI Hensh.
Allen's Hummingbird.
342. ATTHIS HELOIS-51 (Less.) Reich.
Heloise's Hummingbird.
343. STELLULA CALLIOPE Gould.
Calliope Hummingbird.
344. CALOTHORAX LUCIFER (Swains.) Gray.
Lucifer Hummingbird.
345. AMAZILIA FUSCICAUDATA (Eraser) RidgW.
Rieffer's Hummingbird.
346. AMAZILIA YUCATAN ENSIS (Cabot) Gould.
Buff-bellied Hummingbird.
188 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
347. BASILINNA XANTUSI (Lawr.) Elliot.
Xantus's Hummingbird.
348. lACHE LATIROSTRIS (Swaixs.) Elliot.
Broad-billed Hummingbird.
349. CYPSELUS SAXATILIS WooDii.
White-tliroated Swift. [107.]
350. CYPSELOIDES NIGER BOREALIS (Kennekly) RedgW.
Black Swift. [108.]
351. CH-aiTURA PELAGICA (Llnn.) Baird.
Chimney Swift. [109.]
352. CH.a3TtJRA VAUXII (Towns.) De Kay.
Vaux's Swift. [110.]
353. ANTROSTOMUS CAROLINENSIS (Gm.) GoULD.
Chuck- will's- widow. [111.]
354. CAPRIMULGUS VOCIFERUS (WiLS.) Bp.
"Whip-poor-will. [112.]
355. PHALiENOPTILUS NUTTALLI (AuD.) ElDGW.
Poor- will. [113.]
356. NYCTIDROMUS ALBICOLLIS (Gm.) Burm.
Parauque Goatsucker. [116 a.]
357. CHORDEILES POPETUE (Vieill.) Bd.
Nighthawk. [114.]
357a. CHORDEILES POPETUE HENRYI (Cass.) Allen.
Western Nighthawk. [115.]
357 ft. CHORDEILES POPETUE MINOR (Caban.) Eidgw.
Cuban Nighthawk.
358. CHORDEILES ACUTIPENNIS TEXENSIS (Lawr.) Eidgw.
Texan Nighthawk. [116.]
359. CAMPEPHILUS PRINCIPALIS (LiNN.) Gray.
Ivory-billed Woodpecker. [72.]
360. PICUS VILLOSUS Linn.
Hairy Woodpecker. [74.]
360a. PICUS VILLOSUS LEUCOMELAS (Bodd.) Eidgw.
Great White-backed Sapsucker.
360 6. PICUS VILLOSUS HARRISI (Aud.) Allen.
Harris's Woodpecker. [75.]
361. PICUS PUBESCENS Llnn.
Downy Woodpecker. [76.]
361 o. PICUS PUBESCENS GAIRDNERI (Aud.) Couks.
Gairdner's Woodpecker. [77.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189
362. PICUS QUERULUS WiLS.
Red-cockaded "Woodpecker. [80.]
363. PICUS SCALARIS Wagl.
Texan Sapsucker. [79. 1
363 a. PICUS SCALARIS LUC AS ANUS (Xant.) EidgW.
Saint Lucas Sapsucker.
364. PICUS NUTTALLI Gamb.
Nuttall's 'Woodpecker. [78.]
365. PICUS STRICKLANDI Malh.
Strickland's "Woodpecker.
366. XENOPICUS ALBOLARVATUS (Cass.) Baird.
"White-headed "Woodpecker. [81.]
367. PICOIDES ARCTICUS (Swains.) Gray.
Black-backed Three-toed "Woodpecker. [82.]
368. PICOIDES TRIDACTYLUS AMERICANUS (Brehm) ElDGW.
Banded-backed Three-toed "Woodpecker. [83.]
368a. PICOIDES TRIDACTYLUS DORSALIS (Baird) Eidgw.
Striped-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. [84.]
369. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS (Linn.) Baird.
Yellovg'-bellied "Woodpecker. [85.]
369a. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS NUCHALIS Baird.
Red-naped "Woodpecker. [86.]
3696. SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS RUBER (Gm.) Ridgw.
Red-breasted "Woodpecker. [87.]
370. SPHYRAPICUS THYROIDEUS (Cass.) Baird.
Black-breasted "Woodpecker. [88,89.]
37L HYLOTOMUS PILEATUS (Linn.) Baird.
Pileated "Woodpecker; Logcock. [90.]
372. CENTURUS CAROLINUS (L.) Bp.
Red-bellied "Woodpecker. [91.]
373. CENTURUS AURIFRONS "Wagl.
Golden-fronted Woodpecker. [92.]
374. CENTURUS UROPYGIALIS Baird.
Gila "Woodpecker. [93.]
375. MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS (LiNN.) Sw.
Red-headed "Woodpecker. [94.]
376. MELANERPES TORQUATUS (Wii.s.) BONAP.
Lewis's "Woodpecker. [96.]
377. MELANERPES FORMICIVORUS (Sw.) Bp.
Californiau Woodpecker. [95.]
190 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
377 a. MBLANERPES FORMICIVORUS ANGUSTIPRONS Baird.
Narrow^-fronted Woodpecker.
378. COLAPTES AURATUS (Lixn.) Sw.
Yellow-shafted Flicker. [97.]
378 a. COLAPTES AURATUS HYBRIDUS (Baird) EiDGW.
"Hybrid " Flicker. [98 a.]
373 &. COLAPTES AURATUS MEXICANUS (Sw.) Ridgw.
Red-shafted Flicker. [98.]
379. COLAPTES CHRYSOIDES (Malh.) Baird.
Malherbe's Flicker. [99.]
380. COLAPTES RUFIPILEUS Eidgw.
Guadalupe Flicker.
381. MOMOTUS CiERULEICEPS Gould.
Blue-capped Motmot. [119.]
382. CERYLE ALCYON" (Linn.) Bote.
Belted Kingfisher. [117.]
383. CERYLE AMERICANA CABANISI (TSCHUDI) CoUES.
Texan Kingfisher. [118.]
384. TROGON AMBIGUUS Gould.
Coppery-tailed Trogon. [65.]
385. GEOCOCCYX CALIFORNIANUS (Less.) Baird.
Road-runner; Chaparral Cock. [68.]
386. COCCYZUS SENICULUS (Lath.) Vieill.
Mangrove Cuckoo. [71.]
387. COCCYZUS AMERICANUS (Linn.) Bp.
Yellow-biUed Cuckoo. [69.]
388. COCCYZUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS (Wils.) Baird.
Black-billed Cuckoo. [70.]
389. CROTOPHAGA ANI Linn.
Savannah Blackbird. [66,67.]
390. CROTOPHAGA SULCIROSTRIS Swains.
Groove-billed Crotophaga.
391. RHYNCHOPSITTA PACHYRHYNCHA (SWAINS.) Bp.
Thick-billed Parrot. [64.]
392. CONURUS CAROLINENSIS (Linn.) Kuhl.
Carolina Parakeet. [63.]
393. CONURUS HOLOCHLORUS BREVIPES Baird.
Socorro Parakeet.
394. ALUCO FLAMMEUS AMERICANUS (AuD.) EiDGW.
American Barn Owl. [47.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 191
395. ASIO AMERICANUS (Steph.) Sharpe.
American Long-eared O'wl. [51.]
396. ASIO ACCIPITRINUS (Pai.1-.) Newton.
Short-eared Owl. [52.]
397. STRIX NEBULOSA FoRST,
Barred Owl. [54.]
397 a. STRIX NEBULOSA ALLENI RiDGW.
Florida Barred Owl.
393. STRIX OCCIDENTALIS (Xaxt.) Ridgw.
Spotted Owl. •
399. ULULA CINEREA (Gmel.) Bp.
Great Gray Owl. [53.]
[399a.] ULULA CINEREA LAPPONICA (Retz.) Ritgw.
Lapland Ow^l.
400. NYCTALE TENGMALMI RICHARDSONI (Bp.) ElDGW.
Richardson's Ow^l. [55.]
401. NYCTALE ACADICA (Gmel.) Bp.
Saw- whet Owl. [56,57.]
402. SCOPS ASIO (Linn.) Bp.
Little Screech Owl. [49. J
402 a. SCOPS ASIO FLORID ANUS Ridgw.
Florida Screech Owl.
402 &. SCOPS ASIO MACCALLI (Cass.) Ridgw.
Texan Screech Owl. [50.]
402 c. SCOPS ASIO MAXWELLIiB Ridgw.
Rocky Mountain Screech Owl.
402 (Z. SCOPS ASIO KENNICOTTII (Elliot) Ridgw.
Northw^estem Screech Ow^l.
403. SCOPS TRICHOPSIS Wagl.
Mexican Screech Owl.
404. SCOPS FLAMMEOLUS (Licht.) Scl.
Flammulated Screech Owl.
405. BUBO VIRGINIANUS (6m.) Bp.
Great Homed Owl. [48.]
405a. BUBO VIRGINIANUS SUBARCTICUS (HoY) ElDQW.
"Western Horned Owl.
405 6. BUBO VIRGINIANUS ARCTICUS (SWAINS.) CaS9.
Arctic Horned Owl.
405 c. BUBO VIRGINIANUS SATURATUS RiDGW.
Dusky Homed Ow^l.
192 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
406. NYCTEA SCANDIACA Linn.
Snowy Owl. [61.]
407. SURNIA PUNERBA (Linn.) Eich &, Sw.
American Hawk Owl. [62.]
[407a.] SURNIA FUNEREA ULULA (Linn.) Eidgw.
European Haw^k Owl.
408. SPEOTYTO CUNICULARIA HYPOGiEA (Bonap.) EidGW.
Burrowing Owl. [58,59.]
408 a. SPEOTYTO CUNICULARIA FLORID ANA RiDGW.
% Florida Burrowing Ow^l.
409. GLAUCIDIUM GNOMA Wagl.
California Pigmy Owl. [60.]
410. GLAUCIDIUM PHALiENOIDES (Daud.) Scl, & Salv.
FeVruginous Pigmy Owl.
411. MICRATHENE "WHITNEYI (Cooper) Coues.
"Whitney's Pigmy Owi.
412. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO CANDICANS (Gm.) ElDGW.
White Gyrfalcon. [11.]
412a. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO ISLANDUS (Gm.) Eidgw.
Iceland Gyrfalcon. [12.]
412 &. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO SACER (FORST.) EiDGW.
McFarlane's Gyrfalcon.
412c. HIEROFALCO GYRFALCO OBSOLETUS (Gm.) Eidgw.
Labrador Gyrfalcon.
413. HIEROFALCO MEXICANUS POLYAGRUS (Cass.) ElDGW.
Prairie Falcon. [10.]
414. FALCO PEREGRINUS NJ5BVIUS (Gm.) Eidgw.
American Peregrine Falcon ; Duck Hawk. [5,6.]
414 a. FALCO PEREGRINUS PEALEI Eidgw.
Peale's Falcon.
415. FALCO ALBIGULARIS Daud.
Chestnut-thighed Falcon. [8.]
[416.] iESALON REGULUS (Pall.) Blyth.
European Merlin.
417. iESALON COLUMBARIUS (Linn.) Kaup.
Pigeon Hawk. [7.]
417 a. iESALON COLUMBARIUS SUCKLE YI EiDGW.
Black Merlin.
418. iESALON RICHARDSONII Eidgw.
Richardson's Merlin.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 193
419. RHYNCHOFALCO FUSCO-CiEIRULESCENS (Vieill.) Ridgw.
Aplomado Falcon. [9.]
420. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS (Linn.) Vieiix.
Sparrow Hav^k. [13.]
420a. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIUS ISABELLINUS (Swains.) RiDGW.
Isabelline Sparro-w Ha"vyk.
421. TINNUNCULUS SPARVERIOIDES (ViG.) GRAY.
Cuban Sparrow Hawk.
[422.] TINNUNCULUS ALAUDARIUS (Gm.) Gray.
European Kestril.
423. POLYBORUS CHERIWAY (Jacq.) Caban.
Caracara Eagle. [45.]
424. POLYBORUS LUTOSUS Ridgw.
Guadalupe Caracara.
425. PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS (Gm.) RlDGW.
American Osprey; Fish Hawk. [44.]
426. ELANOIDES FORFICATUS (Linn.) Eidgw.
Swallow-tailed Kite. [34.]
427. ELANUS GLAUCUS (Bartr.) Coues.
White-tailed Kite. [35.]
428. ICTINIA SUBCiERULEA (Bartr.) Coues.
Mississippi Kite. [36.]
429. ROSTRHAMUS SOCIABILIS PLUMBEUS RiDGW.
Everglade Kite. [37.]
430. CIRCUS HUDSONIUS (Linn.) Vieill.
Marsh Hawk. [38.]
431. ACCIPITER COOPERI Bonap.
Cooper's Haw^k. [15,16.]
432. ACCIPITER FUSCU3 (Gmel.) Bp.
Sharp-shinned Hawk. [17.]
433. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS (Wils.) Bp.
American Goshawk. [14.]
433 rt. ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS STRIATULUS Eidgw.
Western Goshaw^k.
434. ANTENOR UNICINCTUS HARRISI (Aud.) EidgW.
Harris's Hawk. [46.]
[435.] BUTEO VULGARIS Leach.
European Buzzard.
436. BUTEO BOREALIS (Gm.) Vieill,
Red-tailed Hawk. [23.]
Proc. Nat. Mas. 80 1^ ^„^^ ^^ ^ gg^^
194 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
4:iGa. BUTEO BOREALIS KRIDERI Hoopes.
Krider's Hawk.
4r!C?>. BUTEO BOREALIS CALURUS (Cass.) Kidgw.
Western Red-tail. [20,24.]
4-360. BUTEO BOREALIS LUCAS ANUS Ridgw.
Saint Lucas Red-tail.
43G<?. BUTEO BOREALIS SOCORROENSIS EiDGW.
Socorro Red-taiL
437. BUTEO COOPERI Cass.
Cooper's Henhawk. [29.]
438. BUTEO HARLAWI AUD.
Harlan's Hawk. [22.]
439. BUTEO LINEATUS (Gm.) Jakd.
Red-sliouldered Hawk. [25,]
439a. BUTEO LINEATUS ELEGANS (Cass.) RiDGW.
Red-bellied Hawk. [28.]
440. BUTEO ABBREVIATUS Cabax.
Zone-lailed Hawk.
441. BUTEO ALBICAUDATUS Vieill.
■White -tailed Haw^k.
442. BUTEO SWAINSCNI Bonap.
Swainson's Hawk. [IS, 19, 21, 23.]
443. BUTEO PENNSYLVANICU3 (Wils.) Bp.
Broad- w^inged Hawk. [27.]
444. URUBITINGA ANTHRACINA (Light.) Latr.
Mexican Black Haw^k.
445. ASTURINA NITIDA PLAGIATA (Light.) Eidgw.
Mexican Goshawk. [33.]
446. ONYCHOTES GRUBERI Ridgw.
Grtiber's Hawk.
447. ARCHIBUTEO LAGOPUS SANCTI-JOHANNIS (Gmel.) Eidgw.
American Rough-legged Hawk. [30,31.]
448. ARCHIBUTEO FBRRUGINBUS (Light.) GkaY.
Ferruginous Rough-leg. [32.]
449. AQUILA CHRYSAETUS CANADENSIS (Llnn.) Ridgw.
Golden Eagle. [39.]
450. THRASAETUS HARPYIA (Linn.) Gray.
Harpy Eagle.
451. HALIiEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS (Linn.) Savig.
Bald Eagle ; Gray Eagle. [41,43.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL ^lUSEUM. Idij
452. HALIiEETUS ALBICILLA (LiNX.) Leach.
Gray Sea Eagle. [42.]
453. PSEUDOGRYPHUS CALIPORNIANUS (Shaw) Ridgw.
Californian Condor. [2.]
454. CATHARTES AURA (LixN.) Illig.
Turkey Buzzard. [L]
455. CATHARISTA ATRATA (WiLS.) Less.
Black Vulture; Carrion Crow. [3.]
456. COLUMBA FAS CI AT A Say.
Band-tailed Pigeon. [445.]
457. COLUMBA ERYTHRINA Licnx.
Red-billed Pigeon. [44G.]
453. COLUMBA LEUCOCEPHALA Lixx.
White-crowned Pigeon. [447.]
459. ECTOPISTE3 MIGRATORIA (Lixx.) Sw.
Passenger Pigeon. [448.]
460. ZENiEDURA CAROLINENSIS (Lixx.) Bp.
Mourning Dove. [451.]
461. ZEN^DURA GRAYSONI Baikd.
Socorro Dove.
46-2. ZEN^DA AMABILIS Bp.
Zenaida Dove. [449.] '
463. ENGYPTILA ALBIPHONS (Bp.) Coues.
White-fronted Dove.
464. MELOPELIA LEUCOPTERA (L.) Bp.
White-w^iuged Dove. [450.]
465. CHAMiEPBLIA PASSERINA (L.) SWAINS.
Ground Dove. [453.]
466. SCARDAPELLA INCA (Less.) Bp.
Scaled Dove. [452.]
467. GEOTRYGON MARTINICA (Gm.) Bp.
Key West Dove. [454.]
468. STARNCSNAS CYANOCEPHALA (Lixx.) Bp.
Blue-headed Dove. [455.]
469. ORTALIS VETULA MACCALLI (B.urd) Ridgw.
Chachalaca; Texan Guan. [456.]
470. MELEAGRIS GALLOP A VO Lixx.
Mexican Turkey. [45^^.]
470a. MELEAGRIS GALLOP AVO AMERICANA (Bartr.) Coues.
Wild Turkey. [457.]
196 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
471. CANACE OBSCURA (Say) Bp.
Dusky Grouse. [459.]
471a. CANACE OBSCURA FUI,IGINOSA RiDGW.
Sooty Grouse.
471/^. CANACE OBSCURA RICHARDSONII (DouGL.) Baird.
Richardson's Grouse.
472. CANACE CANADENSIS (Linn.) Bp,
Canada Grouse; Spruce Partridge. [460.]
472«. CANACE CANADENSIS FRANKLINI (DouGL.) Baird
Franklin's Grouse. [461.]
473. BONASA UMBELLUS (Linn.) Steph.
Ruffed Grouse. [465.]
473 «. BONASA UMBELLUS UMBBLLOIDES (DoUGL.) Baird.
Gray Ruffed Grouse. [465a.]
473b. BONASA UMBELLUS SABINEI (DoUGL.) COUES.
Oregon- Ruffed Grouse. [466.]
474. LAGOPUS .^.LBUS (Gm.) Aud.
"Willow Ptarmigan. [467,470.]
475. LAGOPUS RUPESTRIS (Gm.) Leach.
Rock Ptarmigan. [468.]
476. LAGOPUS LEUCURUS Sw.
White-tailed Ptarmigan. [469.]
477. CUPIDONIA CUPIDO (Linn.) Baird.
Prairie Hen. [464.]
477a. CUPIDONIA CUPIDO PALLIDICINCTA RiDGW.
Lesser Prairie Hen.
478. PEDICBCETES PHASIANELLUS (L.) Elliot.
Northern Sharp-tailed Grouse.
478a. PEDICBCETES PHASIANELLUS COLUMBIANUS (Ord) Coue*
Common Sharp-tailed Grouse. [463.]
479. CENTROCERCUS UROPHASIANUS (Bp. ) Swains. *
Sage Cock. [462.]
480. ORTYX VIRGINIANA (L.) Bp.
Bob-white ; American Quail. [471.]
480 rt. ORTYX VIRGINIANA FLORID ANA COXJES.
Florida Quail.
480 Z>. ORTYX VIRGINIANA TEX AN A (Lawr.) Coues.
Texan Quail. [472.]
481. OREORTYX PICTA (Dougl.) B.urd.
Mountain Quail. [473.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL 3IUSEU1I. 197
481 a. OREORTYX PICTA PLUMIFERA (Gould) Eidgw.
Plumed Quail.
432. LOPHORTYX CALIFORNICA (Shaw) Bp.
Californian Quail. [474.]
4S3. LOPHORTYX GAMBELI Nutt.
Gambel's Quail. [475.]
484. CALLIPEPLA SQUAMATA (A''ig.) Gray.
Scaled Quail. [47G.]
485. CYRTONYX MASGBNA (Less.) Gould.
Massena Quail. [477.]
486. ARDEA OCCIDENTALIS AuD,
Great 'White Heron; ■Wiirdemann'a Heron. [488,489.]
487. ARDEA HERODIAS Lixx.
Great Blue Heron. [487.]
[488.] ARDEA CINBRBA Lixx.
Common European Heron.
489. HERODIAS ALBA EGRETTA (Gmel.) Eidgw.
American Egret. [486, 486rt.J
490. GARZETTA CANDIDISSIMA (Gmel.) Bp.
Sno^vy Heron. [485.]
491. DICHROMAWASSA RUPA (Bodd.) Ridgw.
Reddish Egret; Peale's Egret. [482,483.]
492. HYDRANASSA TRICOLOR LUDOVICIANA (WiLS.) ElDGW.
Louisiana Heron. [484.]
493. FLORIDA C^RULEA (Lixx.) Baird.
Little Blue Heron, [490.]
494. BUTORIDES VIRESCENS (Lix^x.) Bp.
Green Heron. [493.]
495. NYCTIARDEA GRISEA N^VIA (BooD.) i\jLLEN.
Black-crowned Night Heron. [495.]
496. NYCTHERODIUS VIOL AC BUS (Lixx.), Eeich.
T?Vhite-cro"wned Night Heron. [496.]
497. BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS (Moxtag.) Steph.
American Bittern. [492.]
498. ARDBTTA EXILIS (Gmx.) Gray.
Least Bittern. [491.]
499. MYCTERIA AMERICANA Lixx.
Jabiru.
500. TANTALUS LOCULATOR Lixx..
Wood Ibis. [497.]
198 PROCEEDINGS OF UNIT/>D STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
501. EUDOCIMU3 ALBUS (7 jnn.) Wagl.
V/hite Ibis, [499.]
502. EUDOCIMsJS RUBER (Lixx.) Wagl.
Scarlet Ibis. L498,]
503. PLEGADIS FALCINIiLLUS (LtSN.) Kaup.
Glossy Ibis. [500.]
504. PLEGADIS GUARAUNA (LiXN.) EiDGW.
"White-faced Glossy Ibis. [500 o.]
505. AJAJA ROSEA (Briss.) Eidgw.
Roseate Spoonbill. [.501.]
[506.] HiEMATOPUS OSTRALEGUS LiNN.
European Oystercatcher.
.507. HiEMATOPUS FALLIATUS Temm.
American Oystercatcher. [512.]
508. HiEMATOPUS NIGER Paxl.
Black Oystercatcher. [513.]
509. STREPSILAS INTERPRES (Linx.) Ilug.
Turnstone. [515.]
510. STREPSILAS MELANOCEPHALA ViG.
Black Turnstone. [516.]
511. APHRIZA VIRGATA (Gmel.) Gray.
Surf Bird. [511.]
[512.] VANELLUS CRIST ATUS Meyer.
Lapwing.
VS. SQUATAROLA HELVETICA (Lixx.) CtoT.
Black-bellied Plover. [510.)
1:514.] CHARADRIUS PLUVIALIS LiNX.
Grolden Plover.
515. CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS Mull.
American Golden Plover. [503.]
[515 «.] CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS FULVUS (Gmel.) Kidgw.
Pacific Golden Plover.
516. OXYECHUS VOCIFERUS (Lixx.) Reich.
KiUdeer. [504.]
517. .aiGIALITIS SEMIPALMATA (BONAP.) Caban.
Semipalmated Plover. [507.]
518. iEGIALITIS HIATICULA (Lixx.) BoiE.
Ringed Plover.
[519.] .aiGIALITIS CURONICA (Gmel.) Gray.
Little Ringed Plovex.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 199
520. ^GIALITIS MELODA (Ord) Bp.
Piping Plover. [508.]
520a. -SBGIALITIS MELODA CIRCUMCINCTA RiDGW.
Belted Piping Plover.
521. iBGIALITIS C '^NTIANA NIVOSA (Cass.) Ridgav.
Snowy Plover. [509.]
522. OCHTHODROMUfe WILSOITIUS (Ord) Reich.
Wilson's Plover. [500.^
523. PODASOCYS MONTANA (Towns.) Coues.
Mountain. Plover. [505.]
[524.] SCOLOPAX RUSTICULA Linn.
European "Woodcock.
525. PHILOHELA MINOR (Gmel.) Gray.
American Woodcock. [522.]
[526.] GALLINAGO MEDIA Leacii.
English Snipe.
526rt. GALLINAGO MEDIA "WILSONI (Temm.) Ridgw.
Wilson's Snipe. [523.]
527. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS (Gmel.) Leach.
Red-breasted Snipe; Gray Snipe. [524.]
527 rt. MACRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS SCOLOPACBUS (Say) Coues.
Red-bellied Snipe; Greater Gray-back. [525.]
528. MICROPALAMA HIMANTOPUS (Bonap.) Baird.
Stilt Sandpiper. [536.]
529. TRINGA CANUTUS Lixn.
Knot; Robin Snipe. [526.]
530. ARQUATELLA MARITIMA (Brunn.) Baiejd.
Purple Sandpiper. [528.]
531. ARQUATELLA COUESII EiDGW.
Aleutian Sandpiper.
532. ARQUATELLA PTILOCNSMIS (Coues) RiDGW.
Prybilov Sandpiper.
[533.] ACTODROMAS ACUMINATA (Horsf.) Ridgw.
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.
534. ACTODROMAS MACULATA (Vieill.) Coues.
Pectoral Sandpiper. [.331.]
535. ACTODROMAS COOPERI (Baird) Coues.
Cooper's Sandpiper. [527.]
5?.G. ACTODROMAS FUSCICOLLIS (A^ieill.) Ridgw
Bonaparte's Sandpiper. [533.]
200 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
537. ACTODROMAS BAIRDII COUES.
Baird's Sandpiper.
538. ACTODROMAS MINUTILLA (ViElLL.) Bp.
Least Sandpiper. [532. j
[539.] PELIDNA ALPINA (Linn.) Boie.
European Dunlin.
539 a. PELIDNA ALPINA AMERICANA Ca&s.
Red-backed Sandpiper. [530.]
[540.] PELIDNA SUBARQUATA (Guld.) Cuv.
Curle-w Sandpiper. [529.]
541. EREUNETES PUSILLUS (Linn.) Cass.
Serm'palmated Sandpiper. [535.]
541a. EREUNETES PUSILLI^S OCCIDENTALIS (Lawk.) Coues.
"Western Sandpiper.
542. CALIDRIS ARENARIA (Linn.) Illig.
SanderHng. [534.]
543. LIMOSA FBDOA (Linn.) Ord.
Marbled Godwit. [547.]
544. LIMOSA LAPPONICA NOVJE1-ZEALANDI.E GRAY.
Pacific Godwit.
545. LIMOSA HiEMASTICA (Linn.) Coues.
Hudsonian Godwit. [548.]
[546.] LIMOSA iEGOCEPHALA (Linn.) Leach,
Black-tailed Godwit.
[547.] TOTANUS GLOTTIS (Linn.) Bechst.
Green-shank. [538.]
548. TOTANUS MSLANOLEUCUS (Gmei..) ViEllx.
Greater YeUow-legs; Tell-tale. [539. J
549. TOTANUS FLAVIPES (Gmel.) Vieill.
Yellow-legs. [540.]
550. RHYACOPHILUS SOLITARIUS (WiLS.) Cass.
Solitary Sandpiper. [541.]
[551.] RHYACOPHILUS OCHROPUS (Linn.) Ridgw.
Green Sandpiper.
552. SYMPHEMIA SEMIPALMATA (Gmel.) Hartii.
Willet. [537.]
553. HETEROSCELUS INCANUS (Gmel.) Coues.
"Wandering Tattler. [542.]
[554.] MACHETES PUGNAX (Linn.) Cuv.
Ruif. [544.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201
555. BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA (Beciist.) Bp.
Bartram's Sandpiper; Field Plover. [545.]
556. TRYNGITES RUFESCENS (ViElLL.) Caban.
Buff-breasted Sandpiper. [54G.J
557. TRINGOIDBS MACULARIUS (LiNX.) Gkay.
Spotted Sandpiper. [543.]
558. NUMENIUS LONGIROSTRIS WiLS.
Long-billed Curlew. [549.]
o59. NUMENIUS HUDSONICUS Lath.
Hudsonian Curlew. [550.]
560. NUMENIUS BOREALIS (Fohst.) Lath.
Eskimo Curlew. [551.]
[5G1.] NUMENIUS PHiEOPUS (Linn.) Lath.
Whimbrel.
[562.] NUMENIUS TAHITIENSIS (Gmel.) Cass.
Bristle-thighed Curlew.
563. PHALAROPUS FULICARIUS (Linn.) Bp.
Red Plialarope, [521.]
564. LOBIPES HYPERBOREUS (Linn.) Cuv.
Northern Phalarope. [520J
505. STEGANOPUS WILSONI (Sab.) CoUES.
"Wilson's Phalarope. [519.]
566. RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA Gmel.
American Avocet. [517.]
567. HIMANTOPUS MBXICANUS (Mull.) Ord.
Black-necked Stilt. [518.]
568. PARR A GYMNO STOMA Wagl.
Meidcan Jacana.
569. RALLUS ELEGANS Aud.
Red-breasted Rail. [542.]
570. RALLUS OBSOLETUS Eidgw.
Califoruian Clapper Rail.
571 RALLUS LONGIHOSTRIS CREPITANS (Gmel.) Ridgw.
Clapper Rail. [553.]
571 rt. RALLUS LONGIROSTRIS SATURATUS Hensh.
Louisiana Clapper Rail.
572. RALLUS VIRGINIANUS Lixx.
Virginian Rail. [554.]
[573.] PORZANA MARUETTA (Leach.) Bp.
Spotted Crake.
202 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
574. PORZANA CAROLINA (Linn.) Baikd.
Sora RaiL [555.] *
575. PORZANA NOVBBORACSNSIS (Gmel.) Balrd.
Little Yellow Rail. [557.]
576. PORZANA JAMAICENSIS (Gmel.) Baird.
Little Black Rail. [556.]
576a. PORZANA JAMAICENSIS COTURNICULUS Baied.
Farallone Rail.
[577.] CREX PRATENSI3 Bechst.
'Corn Crake. [558.]
578. IONORNI3 MARTINI CA (Linn.) Reich.
Purple Gallinule. [561.]
579. GALLINULA GALE AT A (Light.) Bp.
Florida Gallinule. [560.]
580. FULICA AMERICANA Gjiel.
American Coot. [559.]
581. ARAMUS PICTU3 (Bartr.) Coues.
The Limpkin. [481.]
582. GRUS AMERICANA (Linn.) Temm.
Whooping Crane. [478.]
583. GRUS CANADENSIS (Linn.) Temm.
SandhiU Crane. [479.]
584. GRUS FRATBRCULUS Cass.
Little Crane. [480.]
585. PHCBNICOPTSRU3 RUBER Linn.
American Flamingo. [502.]
[586.] OLOR CYGNUS (LiNN.) Bp.
European Swan.
[587.] OLOR MINOR (Pall.) Bp.
Bewick's Swan.
588. OLOR AMERICANU3 (Sharpless) Bp.
Whistling Swan. [561 «.]
589. OLOR BUCCINATOR (Eicii.) Wagl.
Trumpeter Swan. [502.]
590. CHEN C.S3RULE3CENS (Linn.) Ridgw.
Blue-'vyinged Gcose. [504.]
591. CHEN HYPERBORBUg (Pall.) Boie.
Snow Goose. [.'jGo.]
591a. CHEN HYPERBOREUS AL3ATUS (Cass.) Rroa.
Lesser Snow Goose [5GJtt.J
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 203
592. CHEN R03SII (Bai^d) Eidgw.
Ross's Suow Goose.
[593.] ANSER ALBIFRONS Gmix.
European White-fronted Goose.
593a. ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMEELI (Haktl.) Coues.
American White-fronted Goose. [505, uGG.]
594. BERNICLA CANADENSIS (Linn.) Boxe.
Canada Goose. [5(37.]
594«. BERNICLA CANADENSIS HUTCHINSI (Sw. & EiCH.) WooDH.
Hutchins's Goose. [569.]
594 J». BEHNICLA CANADENSIS LEUCOP ARIA (Brandt) Cass.
White-cheeked Goose. [5GS.]
594c. BERNICLA CAIJTADENSIS OCCIDENTALIS (Baird) Dall & Bakdt.
Larger White-cheeked Goose. [5G7rt.]
595. BERNICLA BRENTA (Pall.) Steph.
Brant. [570.]
596. BERNICLA NIGRICANS (Lawr.) Cass.
Black Brant. [571.]
[597.] BERNICLA LEUCOPSIS (Temji.) Boie.
Barnacle Goose. [572.]
593. PHILACTE CANAGICA (Sevast.) Bannist.
Emperor Goose. [573.]
599. DENDROCYGNA AUTUMN ALIS (Linx.) Eyt. ^
Black-bellied Tree Duck. [574.]
600. DENDROCYGNA FULVA (Gmel.) Burm.
Fulvous Tree Duck. [575.]
601. ANAS BOSCAS Linx.
Mallard. [576.]
602. ANAS OBSCURA Gmel.
Black Duck. [577.]
603. ANAS FULVIGULA Eidgw.
Florida Black Duck.
604. CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS (Lixx.) GRAY.
Gad wall. [534.]
605. DAFILA ACUTA (Lixx.) BoXAP.
Pintail. [578.]
[606.] MARECA PENELOPE (Linx.) Selby.
Widgeon. [5SG.]
607. MARECA AMERICANA (Gmel.) Steph.
Baldpate. [585.]
204 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUSL
608. SPATULA CLYPEATA (Linn.) Boie.
Shoveller. [583.]
609. QUERQUEDULA DISCORS (LiNN.) Steph.
Blue-winged Teal. [581.]
610. QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA (ViEilx.) CaSS.
Cinnamon Teal. [582.]
[611.] NETTION CRECCA (Linn.) Kaup.
English Teal. [580.]
612. NETTION CAROLINENSIo (Gmel.) Baird.
Green- winged Teal. [579.]
613. AIX SPONSA (Linn.) Boie.
Wood Duck; Summer Duck, [587.]
614. FULIX MARILA (LinxN.) Baird.
Scaup Duck. [588.]
615. FULIX AFPINIS (Eyt.) Baird.
Little Blackhead. [589.]
616. FULIX C0LLARI3 (Donov.) Baird.
■ Ring-billed Blackhead. [590.]
617. AYTHYA VALLISNERIA (Wils.) Boie.
Canvas-back. [592.]
618. AYTHYA AMERICANA (Eyt.) Bp.
Redhead. [591.]
619. CLANGULA ISLANDICA (Gmel.) Bp.
Barrow^'s Golden-eye. [594.]
620. CLANGULA GLAUCIUM AMERICANA (Bp.) Eidgw.
American Golden-eye. [593.]
621. CLANGULA ALBEOLA (Linn.) Steph.
Butterball; Bufflehead. [595.]
622. HISTRIONICUS MINUTUS (Linn.) Dresser.
Harlequin Duck. [596.]
623. HARELDA GLACIALIS (Linn.) Leach.
Long-tailed Duck; Old Squaw. [597.]
624. CAMPTOLiEMUS LABRADORIUS (Gmel.) Gray.
Labrador Duck. [600.]
625. POLYSTICTA STELLERI (Pall.) Brandt.
Steller's Duck. [598.]
626. LAMPRONETTA FISCHERI Brandt.
Fischer's Eider. [.509.]
627. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA (Linn.) Boie.
Common Eider.
PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIOXAL, MUSEUM. 205
627 a. SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA DRESSERI (?JiAlii>E) C0UE3.
American Eider. [(506.]
628. SOMATERIA V-NIGRA Gkay.
Pacific Eider. [607.]
629. SOMATERIA SPECTABILIS (Lixx.) BoiE.
King Eider. [608.]
630. CBDEMIA AMERICANA Sw. & Ricn.
American Scoter. [604.]
[631.] MELANETTA FUSCA (Linx.) Boie.
Velvet Scoter.
632. MEIiANETTA VELVETINA (Cass.) Raird.
American Velvet Scoter. [601.]
633. PEUOIiETTA PERSPICILLATA (Lixx.) Kaup.
Surf Duck. [602.]
634. ERISMATURA RUBIDA (WiLS.) Bp.
Ruddy Duck. [609.]
635. NOMONYX DOMINICUS (Lixx.) Eidgw.
Black Masked Duck. [610.]
636. MERGUS MERGANSEH AMERICANUS (Cass.) Ridgw.
American Sheldrake. [611.]
637. MERGUS SERRATOR Lixx.
Red-breasted feheldrake. [612.]
638. LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS (Lixx.] Eeich.
Hooded Sheldrake. [613.] .
639. TACHYPETES AQUILA (LiXN.) Vieill.
Frigate Pelican. [619.]
640. PELECANUS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS Gmel.
American White Pelican. [615.]
641. PELECANUS FUSCUS LiXN.
Brown Pelican. [616.]
642. PHALACROG'ORAX CARBO (Lixx.] Bp.
Common Cormorant. [620.]
643. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS (Sw. & Eich.) Nutt.
Double-crested Cormorant. [623.]
643 a. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS FLORID ANUS (AuD.) EiDGW.
Florida Cormorant. [624. J
643 &. PHALACROCORAX DILOPHUS CINCINNATUS (Brandt) EidgW
White-crested Cormorant. [622.]
644. PHALACROCORAX MEXICANUS (Brandt) Eidgw.
Mexican Cormorant. [625.]
206 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
6-15. PHALACROCORAX PENICILLATUS (Bkandt) Heerm.
Brandt's Cormorant. [626.]
646. PHALACROCORAX VIOLACBUS (Gmel.) Eidgw.
Violet-green Cormorant. [627.]
646a. PHALACROCORAX VIOLACEUS RESPLENDENS (AUD.) Kidgw.
Baird's Cormorant.
647. PHALACROCORAX BICRISTATUS Pall.
Red-faced Cormorant.
648. PHALACROCORAX PERSPICILLATUS Pall.
Pallas's Cormorant. [621.]
649. PLOTUS ANHINGA Linn.
American Anhinga; Snake Bird. [628.]
650. SULA BASSANA (Linn.) Briss.
Gannet. [617.]
651. SULA CYANOPS Sundev.
Blue-faced Gannet.
652. SULA LBUCOGASTRA (BODD.) Salv.
Booby Gannet. [618.]
653. SULA PISCATOR (Linn.) Bp.
Red-footed Booby.
654. PHAETHON FLAVIROSTRIS Brandt.
Yellow-biUed Tropic Bird. [629.]
655. PHAETHON iETHEREUS Linn.
Red-billed Tropic Bird.
656. RHYNCHOPS NIGRA Linn.
Black Skimmer. [697.]
657. PAGOPHILA EBURNEA (Phipps) Kaup.
Ivory Gull. [676,677.] .
658. RISSA TRIDACTYLA (Linn.) Bp.
Kittiwake Gull. [672.]
658rt. RISSA TRIDACTYLA KOTZBUEI (Bp.) COUES.
Pacific Kittiwake.
659. RISSA BREVIROSTRIS Brandt.
Red-legged Kittiwake. [674,675.]
660. LARUS GLAUCUS Brunn.
Glaucous Gull; Burgomaster. [656.]
661. LARUS LEUCOPTERUS Faber.
White-winged Gull. [658.]
6G2. LARUS GLAUCESCENS Light.
Glaucous- winged Gull. [657,659.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 207
6C3. LARUS MARINUS LiXN.
Great Black-backed Gull. [GGO. ]
GG4. LARUS OCCIDENTALIS AUD.
Western Gull. [GG2,)
[GGf).] LARUS AFFINIS Reinii.
Siberian Gull.
G66. LARUS ARGENTATUS Brunn.
Herring Gull.
GGGa. LARUS ARGENTATUS SMITHSONIANUS COUES.
American Herring Gull. [661.]
6fl7. LARUS CACHINNANS Pall.
Pallas' s Herring Gull.
668. LARUS CALIFORNICUS Lawr.
Califomian Gull. [663.]
669. LARUS DELAWARENSIS Ord.
Ring-billed Gull. [664.]
670. LARUS BRACHYRHYNCHUS Rich.
Short-billed GuU. [664 a, 665, 673.]
[671.] LARUS C ANUS Linn.
Mew Gull.
672. LARUS HEERMANNI Cass.
Heemiann's Gull. [666.]
073. LARUS ATRICILLA Linn.
Laughing Gull. [667.]
674. LARUS FRANKLINI Sw. & Rich.
Franklin's Gull. [668,669.]
675. LARUS PHILADELPHIA (Ord) Gray.
Bonaparte's Gull. [070.]
676. RHODOSTETHIA ROSEA (Macgill.) Bruch.
Ross's Gull. [678.]
677. XEMA SABINEI (J. Sabine) Leach.
Sabine's Gull. [G80.]
678. CRBAGRU3 FURCATUS (Neb.) Bp.
Swallow-tailed GuU. [679.]
679. STERNA ANGLICA Montag.
GuU-biUed Tern. [G81.]
680. STERNA CASPIA Vai.l.
Caspian Tern. [682.]
681. STERNA REGIA Gamb.
Royal Teru. [683.]
208 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
682. STERNA ELEGANS Gamb.
Elegant Tern. [684.]
683. STERNA CANTIACA ACUFLAVIDA (Cabot) Eidgw.
Cabot's Tern. [685. ]
684. STERNA TRUDEAUI Aud.
Trudeau's Tern. [687.]
685. STERNA FORSTERI Nutt.
Forster's Tern. [691 , 686. ]
686. STERNA FLUVIATILIS Naxjm.
Common Tern. [689. ]
687. STERNA MACRURA Naum.
Arctic Tern. [690,693.]
688. STERNA DOUGALLI Montag.
Roseate Tern. [692.]
689. STERNA ALEUTICA Baird.
Aleutian Tern.
690. STERNA ANTILLARUM (Less.) Coues.
Least Tern. [694.]
691. STERNA FULIGINOSA Gmel.
Sooty Tern. [688.]
692. STERNA ANiESTHETA ScOP.
Bridled Tern.
693. HYDROCHBLIDON LARIFORMIS SURINAMENSIS(Gmel.)EidgW.
Black Tern. [695.]
[694.] HYDROCHBLIDON LEUCOPTERA (Weisn. & SCHINZ) BoiE.
"White-winged Black Tern.
695. ANOUS STOLIDUS Linn.
Noddy Tern. [696.]
696. MEGALESTRIS SKUA (Brunn.) EiDGW.
Skua Gull. [652.]
697. STERCORARIUS POMATORHINUS (Temm.) Vieilj
Pomarine Jaeger. [653. ]
698. STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS (Linn.) Sch^fF.
Richardson's Jaeger. [654.]
699. STERCORARIUS BUFFONI (Boie) Coues.
Long-tailed Jaeger. [655'.]
700. DIOMEDEA NIGRIPES Aud.
Black-footed Albatross.
701. DIOMEDEA BRACHYURA Temm.
Short-tailed Albatross. [631.]
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201)
\W2.-] DIOMEDEA CULMINATA Goui.d.
Yellow-nosed Albatross, [632.]
70:?. PHCBBETRIA FULIGINOSA (Gmel.) Bp.
Sooty Albatross. [(W;?.]
704. OSSIFRAGA GIGANTEA (Gm.) Reich.
Giant Fulmar. [6:54.]
70.5. FULMARUS GLACIALIS (Linn.) Steph.
Fulmar Petrel. [(i:>.').]
70.". a. FULMARUS GLACIALIS PACIFICUS (AuD.) Bp.
Pacific Fitlmar. [*'•'*'• ]
70'^ b. FULMARUS GLACIALIS RODGBRSI (Cask.) CoUES.
Rodger's Fulmar.
70U. PRIOCELLATBNUIROSTRIS (AuD.) RiDGW.
Slender-billed Fulmar. [()o7. ]
707. PRIOFINUS MELANURUS (Boxx.) RiDUW.
Black-tailed Shearwater.
[708.] PUFFINUS KUHLII (B(.ie) Br.
Cinereous Shearwater. [651.]
709. PUFFINUS MAJOR Faber.
Greater Shearwater. [647.]
710. PUFFINUS CRBATOPUS Coopeii.
Pink-footed Shearvrater.
[711.] PUFFINUS ANGLORUM Tkmm.
Mans Shearwater. [649.]
712. PUFFINUS AUDUBONII FixscH.
Dusky Shearwater. [650.]
7l:J. PUFFINUS GAVIA (FonsT.) FiNSCU.
Black-vented Shearwater.
714. PUFFINUS FULIGINOSUS SritiCKL.
Sooty Shearwater. [64d.]
71.5. PUFFINUS GRISBUS (Gm.) FiNSca.
Dark-bodied Shearw^ater.
71(;. PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS Tiomm.
Slender-billed Shearw^ater.
717. CBSTRELATA HiESITATA (Temm.) Coues.
Black-capped Petrel. [638.]
[71r-'.] CESTRELATA BULWERI (.Tard. cV Selby) Coues.
Bulwer's Petrel. *
[719.] DAPTION CAPEKTSIS (Lixx.) Steph.
Pintado Petrel; Cape Pigeon. [(m9. ]
Proc. Nat. Mns. 80 14 J^epfl. S, BSfSO,
210 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.-
720. HALOCYPTENA MICROSOMA COUES.
Least Petrel.
721. PROCELLARIA PELAGICA LiXN.
Stormy Petrel ; Mother Carey's Chicken. [645.]
722. OCEANITES OCEANICA (Kuiil) Coues.
"Wilson's Petrel. [644.]
723. CYMOCHOREA LEUCORRHOA (Vieil-l.) Coues.
Leach's Petrel. [642.]
724. CYMOCHOREA MELANIA (Bp.) Coues.
Black Petrel. [643.]
725. CYMOCHOREA HOMOCHROA CoUES.
Ashy Petrel.
726. OCEANODROMA FURCATA (Gmel.) Bp.
Fork-tailed Petrel. [(i40. ]
727. OCEANODROMA HORNBYI (Gray) Bp.
Hornby's Petrel. [641 . ]
72«. FREGETTA GRALL.A.RIA (Vieill.) Br.
White-bellied Petrel. [646.]
72U. JECHMOPHORUS OCCIDENTALIS (Lawk.) Coues.
Western Grebe. [704.]
730. iBCHMOPHORUS CLARKH (Laavr.) CouES.
Clark's Grebe. [705.]
731. PODICBPS HOLBOLLI Reinh.
American Red-necked Grebe. [702, 703a. "J
732. DYTES CORNUTUS (Gm.) Kaup.
Horned Grebe. [706.]
[733.] DYTES AURITUS (LiXN.) KiDGW.
Eared Grebe. [708.]
733 rt. DYTES AURITUS CALIFORNICUS (Lawr.) RidgW.
American Eared Grebe. [707.]
734. TACHYBAPTES DOMINICUS (Linn.) Coues.
St. Domingo Grebe. [708a.]
735. PODILYMBUS PODICEPS (Linn.) Lawii,
Thick-billed Grebe. [709.]
736. COLYMBUS TORQUATUS Brunn.
Loon. [698.]
7.37. COLYMBUS ADAMSI Gray.
Great White-billed Loon.
738. COLYMBUS ARCTICUS Linn.
Black-throated Diver. [699.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 211
739. COLYMBUS PACIFICUS Lawk.
Pacific Diver. [700. ]
740. COLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS Linn.
Red-throated Diver. [701.]
741. ALCA IMPENNIS Linn.
Great Auk. [710.]
742. UTAMANIA TORDA (Linn.) Lkach.
Razor-billed Auk. [711.]
74:3. FRATERCULA ARCTICA (Linn.) Steph.
Common Puffin. [71.5,710.]
743 fl. FRATERCULA ARCTICA GLACIALIS (Leacii) Kidgw.
Large-billed Puffin. [714.]
744. FRATERCULA CORNICULATA (Naum.) Gray.
Horned Puffin. [713.]
745. LUNDA CIRRHATA 1'all.
Tufted Puffin. [712.]
740. CERATORHINA MONOCERATA (Pall.) Cass.
Horn-billed Puffin. [717, 71H.]
747. PHALERIS PSITTACULA (Pall.) Temm.
Parrot Auk. [72').]
748. SIMORHYNCHUS CRIST ATELLUS (Pall.) Merrem.
Crested Auk. [719, 720. ]
749. SIMORHYNCHUS PYGMiEUS(GMEL.)RiDGW.
Whiskered Auk. [721 . ]
750. CICERONI A PUSILLA( Pall.) Kidgw.
Least Auk. [722,723.]
751. PTYCORHAMPHUS ALEUTICUS (Pall.) Brandt.
Cassin's Aulc [724.]
752. ALLE NIGRICANS Link.
Sea Dove; Dovekie. [738.]
753. SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS ANTIQUUS(Gm.) CoUES.
Black-throated Guillemot. [73().]
754. SYNTHLIBORHAMPHUS WURMIZUSUME (Te.mm.) Coues.
Temminok's Guillemot. [737.]
755. BRACHYRAMPHUS MARMORATUS (Gm.) Brandt.
Marbled Guillemot. [732, 733. ]
756. BRACHYRHAMPHUS KITTLITZI Brandt.
Kittlitz's Guillemot. [735.]
757. BRACHYRHAMPHUS HYPOLEUCUS Xantus.
Xantus's Guillemot.
212 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
758. BRACHYRHAMPHUS CRAVERI (Salvad.) Coues.
Graver's Guillemot.
759. BRACHYRHAMPHUS BRACHYPTERUS Brandt.
Short-'wringed Guillemot. [7:34.]
760. URIA GRYLLE (Linn.) BrIjnn.
Black Guillemot. [726. ]
761. URIA COLUMBA (Pall.) Cass.
Pigeon Guillemot. [727.]
762. URIA CARBO (Pall.) Gray.
Sooty Guillemot. [728.]
763. LOMVIA TROILE (Linn.) Brandt.
Common Guillemot. [729,730.]
763«. LOMVIA TROILE CALIFORNICA (Bryant) Coues.
California Guillemot.
764. LOMVIA ARRA (Pall.) Bp.
Tliick-billed Guillemot.
764a. LOMVIA ARRA BRUNNICHI (SCH.) KiDGW.
Brunnich's Guillemot. [731.]
i^PPENDIX
The following tables are intended as a condensed analysis of the changes which
have taken place in North American ornithology since 1859, with other items of interest
in the same connection.
a. Sjiecies eliminated from the catalogue of 1859.
Cataloyuo No.
4. Cathaktes BUKROViANUS, Cassin Not North American?
G. Falco nigriceps, Cassiu = No. 414.
1(>. AcciPiTRU JIEXICANUS, Swains. = No. 431.
19. BUTEO CAiRMi, Hoy = No. 442, young.
21. BuTEO INSIGNATUS, Cassin = No. 442, melanistic.
24. BuTEO MONTANUS, Nnttall = No. A'AGb, lighta- ])hase.
28. BuTEO OXYPTERUS, Cassin = No. 442, young.
:?0. Archibuteo LAGOPUS, Gray = No. 447, light phase.
40. Haliaetus pelagicus, Siebold. Not North American.
41. liALiAiiTUS WAsaINGTO^^I, .lard. =No. 451, young female.
56. Nyctale aebifrons, Cassin = No. 401, young.
59. Athene guniculauia, Bon. The true cunicularia is a South American form.*
66. Crotopiiaga rugikostuis, Sw. = No. 389.
73. Campepiiilus imperialis. Gray. Not North American.
88. Sphyropicus wii.liamsonii, Baird = No. 370, adult male.
100. LajwpORNIS mango, Swains. Not North American. l = L. vioUcauda (Bodd.) EU.]
129, Tyraxnus melancholicus, Vieill. Not North American.
167a. Var. Mniotilta longirostris, Baird.t
171. Geothlypis velatus. Cab. Not North American.
215. Myiodioctes bonapartei, Aud. = No. 127, young.
239. CoLLYRTO elegans, Baird. An Asiatic sjiecies {Laniui^ lahtora, Sykes.).
242. ViREO viRESCEXS, Vieill. =No. 1351
253a. Var. Muius caudatus, Baird. Not separable t'roux j^olyglottus.
259«. Harpop.hynchus vetula, Baird = No. 15.
231a. Harporiiynchus longicauda, Baird. Scarcely separable from rufus.
272. Troglodytes americanus, Aud. = No. 63.
289«. Var. Parus albescens, Baird = No. 41a.
309. Carpooacus HAEMORRHOUS, Wagl. Not North American^
311. CriiiYSOMiTRis STiVAXEYi, Boiiap. Not North American. [=C. barbata (JIol.).]
312. Chrysomitris y'arrelli, Bonap. A'oi North American.
324. Leucosticte arctous, Bonap. No sufficient evidence of occurrence in North
America.
329. Plectrophanes melanomus, Baird = No. 169.
365. Melospiza gouldii, Baird = No. 231c.
405. Trupialis militaris, Bonap. Not North American.
■ThcTu appears to be but a single race iuhabiting North America.
t Wliile there is undoubtedly a very ai)preciable difference between specimena of If. varia from tLo
West Indies aud those from the interior of Eastern North America in the length of the bill, it is thn
small billed form which should receive a new name, since Linnajus's name varia was based upon tln«
bird of the South Atlautic States aud West Indies. If to be regarded as separable, the name borealii^
Nutt., may be applied to the western birds.
213
214 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
424. CoRVUS CACAi.oTL, Wagl. =No. 280.
470. Lagopus amekicanus, Autl. = No. 475.
482. Demiegretta PEALii, Baircl: = No. 491, white phase.
486a. Herodias egretta v. californica = No. 489.
488. Ardea WURDEMANNII, Bair(l = No. 486, colored phase.
494. BUTORiDES BRUNNESCENS, Baird. Not North American.
514. Haematopus ater, Viellot. Not North American.
56(3. Anser frontalis, Baird = No. 593«, young.
603. Pelionetta trowbridgii, Baird = No. 633.
605. OiDi'5iiA bimaculata, Baird = No. 632, young.
630. DiOMEDEA EXULANS, Liiiu. Not North American.
6.59. Larus ciialcopterus, Lawr. = No. 662.
665. Larus suckleyi, Lawr. =No. 670, young.
68'J. Chroicocephalus cucullatus, Br. =No. 674, young, second year.
671. Chroicocephalus minutus, Brnch. Not North American.
673. RisSA SEPTENTRiONALis, Lawr. = No. 670, adult.
675. RissA NIVEA, Brucli = No. 6.59.
677. Pagophila brachytarsi, Holb. = No. 657.
686. Sterxa havelli. And. =No. 685, lointcr plumage.
693. Sterna pikei, Lawr. = No. 687, young.
703. PoDiCEPS CRiSTATUS, Latli. Not North American?
703a. PoDiCEPS cooPERi, Lawr. =No. 731, young.
716. Sagmatoriiina lABHADORiA, Cas. =No. 745, young.
718. Ceroriiina suckleyi, Cassiu = No. 746, young.
720. Phaleris TETRACULA, Steplicns = No. 748, ivinter dress.
722. Phaleris microceros, Brandt = No. 750, summer dress.
730. Uria ringvia, Briinnicli = No. 763, individual phase.
733. Brachyrhamphus wrangelii, Br. = No. 755, winter dress.
Seveu of tlio abovo .ire included iu Coues's " Check List of Nortli American Birds" (1873),
viz, iiumber.s 88, 100, 309, 488, 563a, 603, 693. and 703; the equivalent numbers of the "Check
Li.nt" beiu'i', respect ivelj', 305. 274, 141rt, 450, 4S0«, 518«, 508, and 609— some of them bearing
a diflerent name from that given iu the Smithsonian catalogue. Besides the foregoing, there
are given iu the "Check List" the following untenable names:
I46a. -^GiOTiius LINARIA (L.) Cab. rar. fuscesckns, Cs. =No. 179, midsummer dress.
Iblbis. Centrony'X OCIIROCEPIIALUS, Aiken = No. 191, autumnal plumage.
[187.] Passer DOMESTicus, Linn. An introduced speciea.
215a. Icterus spurius (L.) Bp. var. affinis, Lawr. Not separable from I. spurius.
[283.] Agyrtria linn^ei (Bp.) . Not North American. [= A. tobaci (Gm.) EIL]
374a. Cham.'EPELIa passerina (L.) Sw. car. pallescens, (Bd.) Cs. Untenable race.
445te>- [appendix]. Ibis thalassinus, Ridg. =No. 504, young.
h. Species and races described or added to the North American fauna since 1859.*
6. Tardus iliacus, 'Linn. — C/. Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6. (Greenland; two examples.)
7a. Merula migratoria propinqua, Ridgw. — Tardus migratorious pro})inquas, Bull.
Nutt. Orn. Clnb, ii. Jan. 1877, 9. (Western U. S.)
8. Merula CONFINIS, Baird. — Turdns conjinis, Review Am. B. i. 1864, 29. (Todos
Santcs, Cape St. Lucas.)
14. Harporiiynchus cinereus, Xantus. — Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 298. (Cape St.
Lucas.)
14a. Harporiiy'NCHUs cinereus bendirei. Cones. — Am. Nat. vii. June, 1873, 330,
fig. 69. (Tucson, Arizona; C. Beudire.)
* The new forms are in small capitals, the other additions in italics. In order to reduce the number
of references to a minimum, only the original description, or the first North American record of a
species is given. In some cases wo have not been .able to quote the first reference, but have done so
•whenever practicable..
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 215
Cataloguo No.
15a. Harporhynchus curvikostris palmeri, Ridgw. — H. cmrirontrw, vur. palmeri,
Ridgw. iu Coues's Key, 1872, 351. (Arizona.)
18. Harporhynchus graysoni, Baird. — Cf. Lawr. Auu. Lye. N. Y. x. Feb. 1871, — .
(Soeorro I.)
20. Cyanecnla suecica (Linn.) Brelini. — Cf. Adam.s, Ibis, 1878, 422. (St. Michael's,
Alaska ; seven examples. )
31. Regulus obscurus, Ridgw. — li. calendula obscunts, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog.
Snrv. TeiT. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 187G, 184. (Gnadalnpe I., Lower California.)
33a. Regulus satrapa (jlivaceus, Baird. — B. satrapa, var. oUvaceus, Baird, Review
Am. Birds, i. July, 1864, 65 (iu text). (Western United States. )
34. Fhylloscopus borealin (Bias.) Dress. — Phyllopneunlc kennkvtti, Baird, Trans. Clii-
cago Acad. i. 18()9, 313, pi. 30, fig. 2. (St. Michael's, Alaska.)
44. Farus cinctus, Bodd. — P. sibiricus (Gm.) Ridgw. Bnll. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. Jan.
1878,37. (St. Michael's, Alaska; L.M.Turner.)
4Ga. Parus rufescens neglectus, Ridgw. — P. rufescens, (3, negleoius, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. i. Apr. 25, 1879, 485. (Coast California.)
57. Campyloruyxchus affinis, Xautus. — Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 298. (Cape
St. Lucas.)
58a. Salpinctes obsoletus guadalupensis, Ridgw. — Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog.
Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 185. (Guadalupe I., Lower California.)
59«. CatuePvPes mexicanus conspersus, Ridgw. — C. mexicaniis, var conspersns,
Ridgw. Am. Nat. Oct. 1873, 602. (Middle Province of U. S.)
Mb. TuRYOTHORUS LUDOViciANUS MiAMENSis, Ridgw. — T. ludovicianus (Lath.) var.
miamensis, Am. Nat. ix. Aug. 1875, 469. (Miami River, E. Florida.)
lilrt. Thryomanes bewicki spilurus (Vig.) Baird. — Review Am. Birds, i. 1864,
126. (Pacific slope of United States.)
C)lb. Thryomanes BEVt^icia leucogaster, Baird. — Review Am. B. i. 1864, 127.
(Southern border of U. S.)
62. Thryomanes brevicauda, Ridgw. — Bnll. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. ii.
No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 186. (Guadalupe I., Lower California.)
64. Troglodytes insularis, Baird. — Clf. Lawr. Aun. Lye. N. Y. x. Feb. 1871, 3,
(Socorro 1.)
65a. Anorthura troglodytes pacificus, Baird. — T. hyemalis, var. pacificus, Re-
view Am. B. i. 1864, 145. (Pacific coast U. S.)
CtCi. Anorthura alascensis, Baird. — Troglodytes alascensis, Trans. Chicagt> Acad. i.
1869, 31.5, pi. 30, fig. 3. (St. George's Island, Alaska; W. H. Dall.;
67a. Telmatodytes palustris paludicola, Baird. — Cislothorus palusiris, var. pa-
ludlcola, Review Am. B. i. 1864, 148. (Pacific coast U. S.)
69. Motueilla alba, Linn.— C/. Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 6. (Greenland.)
70. Budylcn flava (Linn.) Gray. — Cf. Baird, Trans. Chicago Ac. i. 1869, 3, pi. 30,
fig. 1. (St. Michael's, Alaska; Pease & Bannister.)
72. Anthus pratensis (Linn.) Bechst. — Cf. Paulsen, ed. Holboll, Faun. Gninl. 1846,
24; Reinh. Ibis, 1861, 6 (Greenland); B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874,
173. (St. Michael's, Alaska.)
74a, Mniotilta varia borealis (Nutt.) Ridgw. [See p. 213, foot-note.]
80 Heljunthophaga lawrencei, Herrick.— Proc. Philad. Acad. 1874, 220, pi. xv.
(New Jei'sey.)
82. Helminthophaga leucobronchialis, Brewster. — Am. Sportsman, v. Oct., 1874;
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i. 1876, 1, plate. (Massachusetts.)
83. Helminthophaga luci^, Cooper. — Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. July, 1861, 120.
(Ft. Mojave, California.)
86a. Helminthophaga celata lutescens, Ridgw. — R. celata, var. lutescens, Ridgw.
Am. Jour. Sci. & Arts, third ser. iv. Dec. 1872, 457. (Pacific coast U. S.)
89. Parula pitiayumi insularis (Lawr.) Ridgw. — I'arula insularis, Lawr. Auu.
Lye. N. Y. x. Fob. 1871. (Socorro I., N. \V. Mexico.)
216 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
S9(i. Parui.a PiTiAYUMi NiGRiLORA, Coue.s. — P. mgrUom, I3iill. U. S. Geol. & Geog.
Suiv. Terr. iv. 1878, U. (Hidalgo, Texas; G. B. Seiniett.)
92. Peucedravuoi olivaeeus (Giraud) Coues. — Sylvia olivacea, Giraud, Texan Birds,
1841, 14, pi. vii. fig. 2. ("Texas.") — Dendroeca olivacea, Hensh. Am. Sports-
man, V. 328, Feb. '20, 1875 ; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 202. (S. Arizona.)
103rt. Dendrceca DOMINICA ALBILORA, Baird. — D. Dominica, var. albilora. Am. Nat.
vii. Oct. 1873, 605. (Mississippi Valley, south to Guatemala and Honduras.)
104, Dendrceca GRACiiE, Coucs. — Cf. Baird, Review Am. B. i. 18(i4, 210. (Ft.
Whipple, Arizona ; Coues. )
106. Dendrceca chrysoparia, Scl. & Salv. — Cf. Baird, Eeview Am. B. i. 1864, 185,
foot-note. (San Antonio, Texas; Heermaun.)
113rt. Dendrceca palmarum hypochrysea, Ridgw. — Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, Nov.
1876, 84, 85. (Atlantic States.)
116«. SiURUS NiEVius NOTABiLis, Grinuell. — Cf. Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii.
March 27, 1880, 12. (Black Hills, Wyoming.)
125tt. WiLSONiA PUSILLA PiLEOLATA (Pall.) Ridgw. — Myiodioctes pusillus, var. pileo-
lata, Ridgw. Am. .Jour. Sci. & Arts, iv. Dec. 1872, 457; Am. Nat. vii. Oct.
1873, 607. (Pacific coast N. Am.)
131. Cardellina ruhrifrons (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa rubrifrons, Giraud, Texan Birds,
1841, pi. vii. fig. 1. ("Texas.") — Cardellina rnhrifrons, Henshaw, Orn. Wheel-
er's Exp. 1875, 211. (Arizona.)
133. Basileuterus ciilicivorHS (hicht.) Bp. — Muficicapa hrasieri, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841,
pi. vi. fig. 2.
134. Basileuterus hellii (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa belli, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841, pi. iv.
fig. 1.
139rt. YiREOSYLViA GILVA SWAINSONI, Baird. — Vireo swainsoni, Baird, B. N. 4m. 1858,
336, in text. (Pacific coast U. S.)
141b. Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus (Coues) Allen. — Vireosylvia plumbea, Coues,
Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 73. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.)
146. Vireo pusillus, Coues. — Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866,76. (Date Creek, Arizona.)
147. Vireo vicinior, Coues. — Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 75. (Ft. Wliipple, Arizona.)
149/>. Lanius ludovicianus robustus, Baird. — Collurio Ludoricianus, var. robustas,
Am. Nat. vii. Oct. 1873, 608. (California?)
164rt. Pyranga .estiva cooperi, Ridgw. — Pyran(/a cooperi, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1869,
130. (S. W. United States.)
167. Pyerhula cassini, Baird. — P. coccinea, var. cassini. Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869,
316, pi. 29, fig. 1. (Nulato, Alaska; W. R. Dall.)
170a. Carpodacus frontalis rhodocolpus (Caban.) Ridgw.— T/. Ridgw. Am. ,Jour. Sci.
& Arts, V. Jan. 1873, 39. (Coast of California. )
171. Carpodacus amplus, Ridgw. — Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Snrv. Terr. ii. No. 2,
Apr. 1, 1876, 187. (Guadalupe I., Lo\^er Cal. ; E. Palmer.)
175rt. Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis (Baird) Ridgw. — L. littoralis, Baird,
Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869,- 318, pi. 28, fig. 1. (Sitka, Alaska.)
176. Leucosticte atrata, Ridgw. — Am. Sportsman, July 18, 1874, 241. (Colorado;
C. A. Aiken.)
177. Leucosticte australis, Allen. — L. tephrocotis, var. australis, Allen. Cf. Ridgw.
Bull. Essex lust. v. Nov. 1873, 189. (Mt. Lincoln, Colorado.)
178fl. ^GiOTHUS CANESCENS EXiLiPES (Coues) Ridgw.— .-Er/(o^/(»« ccilipcs, Coues, Proc.
Philad. Acad. Nov. 1861, 385. (Arctic America.)
179a.. Mgiothus linaria holbolli (Brehm) Ridgw.— Li);ac(« holboUi, Brehm, Vog.
Dentschl.
180. Mgiothus brewsteri, Ridgw.— ^(/io//i!fs {flavirostris var.) hreivsterii, Ridgw.
Am. Nat. July, 1872, 433. (Waltham, Mass.)
182a. ASTRAGALINUS PSALTRIA ARIZONA (Coues) Ridgw.— C. mexicana, var. arizonas,
Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 82. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 217
Catalogue No.
192. Passerculus pkinceps, Maynard. — Am. Nat. vi. 1872, (537. (Ip«wicli, Mass.)
195. Passerculus guttatus, Lawr. — Am. Lye. N. Y. viii. 18(57,47;} (Cape St. Lucas).
Cf. Cooper, Oru. Cal. i. 1870, 185.
197rt. Pocecetes f/ramineiis conjinis, Baird. — i'. yrainiiieits, var. confitm, Baird, B. N. Am.
18.38, 448, ia text.. (Western U. S.)
198rt. COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS PERPAi.LiDUS, Ridgw. — C. passerinus, var. pirpaUi-
dus, Ridgw. iu Coues's "Key", 1872, 137. (Western U. S.)
201rt. Ammodromus cauoacutus nelsoxi, Allen. — Proc. Boston Soe. xvii. March,
1875, 93. (N. E. Illinois.)
203. Ammodromus xigrescens, Ridgw. — A. marithmis, var. nigrescens, Ridgw. Bull.
Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 198. (Indian R., Florida.)
204a. Chondestes grartimica strigatuH (>Sw.) Ridgw. •
Mr. H. K. Coale, of Chicago, 111., has lately called my attention to cercain differences between
eastern (typical) and western specimens of this species, which, upon examination of a large
series, 1 find to be quite constant and sufficiently appreciable to waiTant the recognition of a
western race. Western birds being exactly like those from Mexico in those points in which
they differ from eastern specimens, Swainson's name strigatus (Chondestes strigatus, Philos.
Jour. i. 1827, 435), based upon the Mexican bird, is available for the western and southern
race.
207o. ZoNOTRiCHiA GAMBELi INTERMEDIA, Ridgw. — Z. Iciicophrys, var. intermedia,
Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 198. (Middle Province of U. S., north to
Alaska.)
211rt, Spizella socialis ARizoNiE, Coues. — S. socialis, var. arizonce, COUES, Key,
1872, 143. (Ft. Whipphi, Arizona.)
21(5. Juxco AiKENi, Ridgw. — /. hyemaUs, var. Aikcni, RiDGW. Am. Nat. Oct. 1873, 612,
614. (Mts. of Colorado; C. E. Aiken.)
219. JUNCO ANNECTENS, Baird. — Oru. Cal. i. 1870, 564. (Rocky Mts., Ft. Bridger to
Arizona and New Mexico.)
223. JuNOO iNSULARis, Ridgw. — Bull. U. S. Geok & Geog. Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr.
1, 1876, 188. (Guadalupe I., Lower Cal. ; E. Palmer.)
225rt. Amphispiza bellii nevadensis, Ridgw. — Poosplza beJUi, var. ncvadensis, Ridgw.
Bull. Essex Inst. Nov. 1873, 191. (Middle Province of U. S.)
226a. Peucea aestivalis illlnoensis, Ridgw. — P. iUinocims, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club,
Oct. 1879, 219. (Texas to S. Illinois.)
227. Peuc-EA ARizoNyE, Ridgw. — p. a;sficaUs,\aT. Arizona', Ridgw. Am. Nat. Oct. 1873,
615. (S. Arizona.)
229. PEUCiEA CARPALis, (Joues. — Am. Nat. vii. June, 1873, 322. (Tucson, Arizona; C.
Bendire. )
230a. Peuc/ea ruficeps boucardi (Scl.) Ridgw. — Cf. Henshaw, Orn. Wlieeler'a
Exp. 1874, 117. (S. Arizona and S. New Mexico.)
231(/. Melospiza fasciata gnitata (Nutt.) Ridgw.
This is the " Jf. riijlna" of the old catalogm). The ti-ue Jf. rnfina (Brandt) is a larger and
darker form from Sitka, rediscovered since the publication of "Birds of North America'
(1858).
231e. Melospiza fasciata nijina (Brandt) Ridgw.— (/. B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii.
1874, 29. (British Columbia to Sitka.)
232. Melospiza cinerea (Gmei.) Ridgw. — "J/, insignis", Baird, Trans. Chicago Acad. i.
1869, 319, pi. 29. lig. -J. (Kadiak, Alaska ; F. Bischoli'.)
237a. PiPiLO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS ALLENi, Coues. — P. olleni, CouES, Am. Nat. V. Aug.
1871, 366, (Florida.;
238c. PiPiLO MACULATUS CONSOBRINUS, Ridgw.— Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog, Surv.
Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 1876, 189. (Guadalupe I., Lower Cal.)
238(Z. PiPiLO MACULATUS CARMANi (Lawr. ) Ridgw. — Pipilo carmani, Lawr. Ann.
Lye. N. Y. X. 1871. 7. (Socorro L, N. W. Mexico.)
218 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATE8 NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
240rt. Pjpilo fuscus ALBiGTJLA (Baird) Ridgw. — P. alhhjala, I3aikd, Proc. Philad.
Acad. Nov. 1859, 30.5. (Cape St. Lucas.)
242a. Cardinalis virginianus igneus, Baird. — C. igneiis, Baird, Proc. Philad. Acad.
Nov. 1859, 305. (Cape St. Lucas.)
253. J'honipara zena (Lluu.) Bryant.— C/'. B. B. &, R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 93. (Key
West, Florida ; H. W. Henshaw. )
258o. Alolothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.) Cones. — M. ohscurus, Cass. Proc. Philad. 18GG,
18. (Lower California. )
259. Moloihrus ameits (Wagl.) Cab.— C/". Merhili., Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, i. July,
1876, 8y. (Ft. Brown, Texas.)
263a. Sturnella magna mexicana (Scl.) Ridgw. — Cf. Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, iii. Jnl*^', 1878, 152. (Ft. Brown, Texas; J. C.Merrill.)
27G. Quiscalua palu.stris (Swains.) Cassin. — " Q. major", Gambel, Jour. Philad. Acad.
i. 1847, 47. (Gulf of California. )*
278b. QuiscALUS VERSICOLOR yENEUS, Ridgw.— (>. wneiis, Ridgw. Proc. Philad. Acad.
1839, 134. (Mississippi Valley, Hudson's Bay Terr., Maine, etc.)
[279.] Stiirniis vulgaris, Linn. — Cf. Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, 7. (Greenland.)
290a. Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis, Ridgw. — Cyanura stelleri, var. fronialis,
Ridgw. Am. Jour. Sci. «fc Arts, third ser. v. Jan. 1873, 41, 43. (Sierra Nevada,
California.)
2906. Cyanocitta stelleri annectens, Baird. — Cyanura stelleri, var. annectens, Baird,
in B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii. 1874, 281, in text. (Northern Rocky Mts.)
297a. Perisoreus canadensis capitalis, Baird. — F. canadensis, var. capHaUs, Baird,
Bull. Essex Inst. v. Nov. 1873, 193. (Rocky Mountains.)
297b. Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons, Ridgw. — Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March
27, 1880, 5. (Coast of Alaska.)
298. Perisoreus obscurus, Ridgw. — P. canadensis, var. obscnrus, Ridgw. Bull. Essex
Inst. Nov. 1873, 194. (Northwest coast of U. S.)
[299.] Alatida arvensis, Linn. — Cf. Dresser & Sharpe, Birds Eur. pt. — , and B. B. &
R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 136. (Greenland and Bennuda.)
300a. Eremophila alpestris LEUCOLiEMA, Cones. — Birds N. W. 1874, 38. (Interior
plains N. Am.)
300&. EremophUa alpestris chrysokema (Wagl.) . — E. corniita, var. chrysolwma,
Baird, B.N. Am. 1858, 403, in text. (Southwestern U. S.)
308. Pitamjus derbianus (Kaup) Scl. — 7^ derbyanus, Coues, The Country, July 13,
1878, 184. (Lomita, Texas; G. B. Senuett.)
309. Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa iexensis, Giraud, Texan Birds, 1841,
pi. 1. ("Texas.")
310. Myiodinastcs luteiventris, Bonaj). — Cf. HiCNSiTAW, Orn. Wlieeler's Exp. 1875, 346,
pi. xiv. (S. Arizona.)
319. Contopiis j)ei-tinax, Cab. & Hein. — Cf. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 60.
(Ft. Whipple, Arizona.)
329. Empidonax fulvifrons (Giraud) Scl. — Muscicapa fulvifrons, Giraud, Texan Birds,
1841, pi. ii. ("Texas.")
329a. Empidonax fulvifrons pallescens (Cones) Ridgw. — Miirepliorus pallesccns,
Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1866, 63. (Ft. Whipple, Arizona.)
331. Ornithion imberbe {Scl.) Coues. — " 0. incanescens" , Coues, The Country, July 13,
1878, 184. (Lomita, Texas; G. B. Seunett.)
331. Eugenes fulgens (Sw.) Gould. — Cf. Henshaw, Am. Nat. Apr. 1874, 241 ; Oru.
Wlieeler's Exp. 1875, 379. (Mt. Graham, Arizona.)
341. Selasphorus alleni, Henshaw. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Chib, ii. 1877, 54. (Coast of
California.)
* The National Museum possesses an example of what is apparently tliis species from the coast of
Louisiana.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 219
Catalogue No.
342. Althis heloiN(n {Ia'sh. & ])cl.) K'icli.— (/. Etj.iot, Uliislr. Am. 15. i. ISGO, xxi. xii.
])latc. (El Piiso, Texas; .). II. Clarke.)
343. StcUnla calliope, Gould.— Calothorax mll'wpc, Xantu.s, I'roc. Philad. Acad. 1859,
190. (Ft. Tejcm, Cal.)
344. Calothorax luci/er (S\v.) Gvny.—" Doricha cnicura", IIensii. Am. Sportsman, v.
328, Feb. 20, 187.") ; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 381. Cf. L.vWii. Bull. Nutt. Oru.
Club, ii. Oet. 1877, 108. (Camp Howie, Arizona.)
345. AmaziUa fascicaudaia (Eras.) mdg^^.—" Purrophwua ricfferi", Mekriij., Bull.
Nutt. Oru. Club, i. Oct. 187(3, 88. (Ft. Browu, Texas.) Cf. RiDGW. Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus. i. 1878, 147 (synonymy and diagnoses).
34G. AmaziUa yucataneus'iH (Cnhot) Govdd. — "A. cerrintm':ntriH'\ Mkiuull, Bull. Nutt.
Oru. Club, ii. Jan. 1877, 2G. (Ft. Brown, Texas.) Cf. Riogw. Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus. i. 1878, 148 (synonymy and diagnosis).
347. Basilinna xantusi (Lawr.) Elliot.— J ma^i/ta xantusi, La wit. Ann. N. Y. Lye.
vii. April, 18G0, 109 {= ^).—IIeUopa;dica vudancocauda, Lawk. t. c. 145
(=<?). (Cape St. Lucas.)
348. laclie laiirostris (Sw.) Elliot.— Circe latirostris, Hexsh. Am. Sportsman, v. Feb.
20, 1875; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 380. (Chiracahua Mts., S. Arizona.)
357?>. Chorddles jjopctae minor (Cab.) Ridgw.— CJ. B. B «fc R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii.
1874, 520. (Miami, Florida; C. J. Maynard.)
3t)0rt. Piciis villosus leucomelas (Bodd.) Ridgw. — Picii-'i hucumdax, Bodd. Tabl. P. E.
1783 (ex. PI. Enlnm. 345, lig. 1 = 9 i^tl-)-
3(i3a. Picus sCALAPas LUCASANUS (Xant.) Coues.— /'. iKvasunus, Xaxtus, Proc. Philad.
Acad. 1859, 298, 302. (Cape. St. Lucas.)
3(i5. Picus stricklandi, Mix\h..—Cf. Henshaw, Am. Sportsman, v. 32^, Feb. 20, 1875;
Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 389. (S. Arizona.)
377rt. MEI.AXEKPE.S EORMICIVORUS AXGUSTIFROXS, Bainl.— .V. formivirorus, var.
angustifrons, Baird, Orn. Cal. i. 1870, 405. (Ca])e St. Lucas.)
380. CoLAPTES itUEiPiLEi^s, Ridgw. — C. mexicanuti rufipHeus, Bull. Geog. *&. Geol.
Surv. Terr. ii. No. 2, Apr. 1, 187(5, 191. (Guadalupe I., Lower Cal.)
390. Croiophaga salcirostris, Swaiu.s.— T/. Coues, The Country, July 13, 1878, 184.
(Lomita, Texas; G. B. Sennett.)
393. COXURUS HOLOCHLORU.S RREVIPES, Baird. — Cviiiinis holinhlorm, var. hreripes,
"Baird, MS.", LaWR. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. 1871, — . (Socorro I.)
397«. Strix nerulosa ali.exi, Ridgw.— I'roc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1880, — .
(Clearwater, S. Florida.)
398. Strix occidextalis (Xant.) Ridgw. — Syriiiitm 0(cid<nliiIc, Xaxti's, Proc. Philad.
Acad. 18.59, 193. (Ft. Tejon, Cal.)
399a. Uliila cinerea lapponica (Retz.) Ridgw. — Syniium lappohicum, RiDGW'. Bull. Nutt.
Orn. Club, iii. Jan. 1878, 37. (St. Michael's, Alaska; L. M. Turner.)
402a. Scops asio floridaxus, Ridgw. — S. asio, var. Floridaiiiis, R'uxiw. Bull. Essex
Inst. Dec. 1873, 200. (Florida.)
402f. Scops asio maxw* klli^e, Ridgw. — S. asio, e, maxw( lUir, Ridgw. Field & Forest,
June, 1877, 210, 213. (Boulder Co., Colorado.)
402rf. Scops asio kexxicottii, (Elliot) Coues. — <S'. Kcnnicottii, Elijot, Proc. Philad.
Acad. 1867, (39; lUustr. Am. B. 18G9, pi. 11. (Sitka, Alaska; F. Bischoll'.)
403. Scojys trichopsis, Wagl. — "(S. a^iio, var. maccaUi^', B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii.
1874, 52. (New Mexico.)
404. Scops flammeolus (Licht.) ScL— C/. Cooper, Orn. Cal. i. 1870, 422. (Ft. Crook,
N. California.)
405rt. Bul)o virginiaitus suharcticus (Hoy) Ridgw. — Bubo sithatciicti.s, Hoy, Proc. Philad.
Acad. vi. 18.52, 211. (Wisconsin.) [ = " var. arc/icH.s" of Hist. N. Am. B. iii.
1874, C4.]
4057^ Bubo virgiiiianus arc-ticus (Swains.) Cass. — Bubo arcticus, Swains. F. B. A. ii. 1831,
8G, ]}\. 30. (Interior of fur eoiiutries.)
220 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CatalogTic No.
405c. Bi;bo virginianu-s saturatus, Eidgw.— Orn. 40tli Parallel, 1877, .572, foot-note.
(Northern coast N. Am.) [=" var. pacijicus" of Hist. N. Am. B. iii. Gfi.]
407a. Sarnia funerca nhda (Linn.) Ridgw. — Cf. RiDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. Jan.
1878, 38. (St. Micliael's, Alaska; L. M. Turner.)
408a. Speotyto cunicularia flokidana, Ridgw. — S. cunicularia, var. floridana,
Ridgw. Am. Sportsman, iv. No. 14, July 4, 1874, 216. (Sarasota Bay,
Florida. )
410. Glaucidium j)]ialwuoid(s (Daud.) Scl. &, SaW.g—G. fcrruginciim (Max.) CouES, Am.
Nat. vi. 1872, 370. (Tucson, Arizona; C. Bendire.)
411. MiCRATHENE WHiTXEYi (Cooper) Couea.— Athene whitneiji, Cooper, Proc. Cal.
Acad. Sci. ii. 1863, 118. (Ft. Mojave, S. E. California.)
4126. Hierofalco (jyrfalco sacer (Foi'st.) Ridgw. — /-'. sacei; Forster, Pbilos. Trans. Ixii.
1772, 383, 423. (Hudson's Bay Terr.)
412c. Hierofalco mccr obsoletns (Gm.) Ridgw. — Falco ohsoletus, Gmel. S. N. i. 1788, 268.
(Hudson's Bay Terr.)
414a. Falco peregrinus pealei, Ridgw. — F. eommunifi, var. Pmlei, Ridgw. Bull.
Essex Inst. Dec. 1873, 201. (Northwest coast N. Am.)
416. Msalon regulus' (Fall.) Blyth. — Falco cesalon Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenl.
1875, p. 96. (At sea, near Greenland, lat. 57'-^ 41' N., long. 35^ 23' W.)
417rt. iEsALON coLUMBARius suCKLEYi, Ridgw. —i'rt/co columiarius, var. Sucklc^ji,
Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. v. Dec. 1873, 201. (Northwest coast N. Am.)
418. ^SALON RiCHARDSONii, Ridgw. — Falco {Hypotriorclm) richardsonii, Ridgw. Proc.
Philad. Acad. Dec. 1870, 145. (Interior of North America.)
421. Tinnunculus spari-erioides (Vig.) Gray. (Florida.)*
422. Tinnuncuhis alaiidarins (Gm.) Gray.— C/. Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenl. 1875,
96. (Oft' Cape Farewell, Greenland.)
424. POLYBORUS LUTOSUS, Iddgw.— Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Terr. No. 6,
2dser. Feb. 8, 1876, 459. (GuadaluiJe I., Lower California.)
433a. AsTUR atricapiixus striatulus, Ridgw. — A. palumharius, var. siriahdus,
Ridgw. in Hist. N. Am. B. iii. 1874, 240. (Western N. Am.)
435. Btdeo vulgaris, Leach.— C/. Maynaud, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, i. No. 1, April, 1876,
2-6. (Pawpaw, Mich.)
436a. BuTEO rorealis krideri.— " J5. horealis, variety kriderii," Hoopes, Proc. Philad.
Acad. 1873, 238, pi. v. (=juv.; Winnebago Co., Iowa.)
436c. BuTEO BOREALis LUCASANUS, Ridgw.— £. horcaUs, var. lucasanus, Hist. N. Am. B.
iii. 1874, 258, 285. (Cape St. Lucas.)
436f?. BUTEO BOREALIS SOCORROENSIS.
lu the "Proceedings" of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1871, p. 42, Mr. Lawrence
refers to a "Buteo horealis, var. montanus, Nutt." as being very abundant on the island of
Socorro, -where it is the only species of hawk to be found, and where it is a " constant resi-
dent, rearing its young, and subsisting entirely on land crabs ", etc. In the same paper, p.
10, Mr. Lawrence applies the same name to a h.iwk occurring abundantly on the Tres Marias
Islands, .ind there subsisting "entirely upon the Iguana lizard and rabbits." In "History
of North American Birds ', vol. iii, p. 283 (1874), I referred the Tres Marias bird to Buteo
tojcah'* var oo««aj'iccwsis, and described our only specimen from that locality as the young
of that form, although I h.id not, from want of specimens, been able to compare it with the
corresponding ago of the Central American bird. I now have strong doubts as to its being
the same as B. costaricensis, while as to the hawk found on Socorro I regard it quite certair
that it is, like the Caracara of Guadalupe (Polyborus lutosus), a species or race peculiar tp
that remote island, the birds of which arc for the most part entirely local. I therefore pro-
pose to n.ime, provisionally, the Socorro Hawk B. horealis socorroeiuis.
440. Buteo ahbrcviatiis, Cabauis, in Schomb. Guiana, iii. 184S, 739.— "jB. zonocercus, Scl.",
Cooper, Orn. Cal. i. 1870, 479. (Coast of California, near San Diego.)
* There is a male of this species in my collection said to have been obtained in Florida. It was found
with a collection of Florida birds, forming part of a dealer's stock, and was evidently the same "make"
of skin as the rest of the lot.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 221
Catalogue No.
441. Buteo alhicaudatus (Vieill.) — B. albocaudaius, CovES, The Country, i. 184, July
13,1878. (Loniitii-, Texas; G. B. Senuett). Cf. RiDGW. Proc. U. S. Nat.',
Mus. i. Oct. 2, 1878, 154 (syuonymy and descriptions).
444. UrubUiuga anthrudna (Licht.) Nitzsch. — Cf. Henshaw, Am. Sportsman, v. 328,
Feb. 20, 1875; Orn. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 420. (Arizona.)
446. Onychotes grubeki, Ridgw. — Proc. Philad. Acad. Dec. 1870, 149. (California.)
450. Thraswtus harpyia.
AccordiDg to Dr. J<'elix L. Oswald, in the American Naturalist, 1878, p. 151, a specimen of
the Harpy Eagle was shot at the "delta of tho Rio Grande", in Texas, by Professor S. B.
Buckley, State geologist of Texas. A full .iccouut of the circumstance is given in Dr. Os-
wald's interesting article. I have seen somewhere a record of the occurrence of this species
in Louisiana, but cannot now lay hand on the refeience. According to my recollection, the
record may be found in au old number of the "Proceedings" of the Philadelphia Academy
of Sciences, or else of the Zoological Society of London.
4(51. Zen^dura gkaysoni, Baird.— C/. Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. 1871, 17; Proc.
Boston Soc. xiv. 1871, 299. (Socorro I.)
463. Eii<njptila albifrons (Bp.) Coues. — JEchmoptUa albifrons, Coucs, BulJ. U. S. Geol. &,
Geog. Surv. Terr. iv. No. 1. 1878, 48 (South Texas) ; Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat,
Mus. i. Oct. 1878, 158 (synonymy).
471rt. Canace OBSCURA euliginosa, Ridgw. — C. obscura, var. J'uUijinom, Ridgw. Bull.
Essex Inst. Dec. 1878, 199. (Northwest coast, Oregon to Silka.)
471 b. Canace obscura richardsonii (Dougl. ) Ridgw. — Tdrao richardson it, ' ' Sabine, MSS.",
DOUGL. Linn. Trans, xvi. 1829, 141.
477a. CupiDONiA cupiuo PALLiDiciNCTA, Ridgw. — C. cujiido, var. i)allidivi»cta, Ridgw.
Bull. Essex lust. Dec. 1873, 199. (Southwestern prairies.)
478a. Fedicecelcs phasiandlus coliiinbianus (Ord) Ridgw. — Fhasianua coliimbiaiius, Ord,
Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. ii. 1815, 317. — Pcdiwcdes columbianm, Elliot, Pr.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1862, 403.
480rt. Ortyx virginiana eloridana. Cones. — 0. rirgiuiuuu8, var. Jioridanus, Coues,
Key, 1872, 237. (Florida; J. A. Allen.)
481a. Oreortyx p'wta plumifera (Gould) Ridgw. — Ortyx plwmfera, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, 42.
488. Jrdva cincrea, Linn. — Cf. Reinh. Ibis, 1831, 9. (Greenland.)
499. Myderia americana, Linn. — Cf. Coues, Check List, 1873, 135. (Austin, Texas.)
506. Hwmatopm ostralefiuH, Linn. — Cf. Reinh. Ibis, 1861, 9. (Greenland.)
512. Vanellus cridatus (Linn.) Meyer. — Cf. Reinh. Ibis, 1861, 9. (Greenland.)
514. Charadrim pliiviuUn, Linn. — Cf. Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenl. 1875, 101.
(Greenland.)
515a. Charadrius domiincas fulcus (Gmel.) Ridgw. — C.fitlvuti, CoUES, Elliott's Prybilov
Islands, 1875, 179; Birds N. W. 1874, 450, foot-uote. (Prybilov Islands, Alaska.)
518. ^(jialitis liiaticula (Linn.) Boie. — Cf. Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Greenl. 1875, 101.
(Greenland.)
519. Aujialiiis curonica (Gmel.) Gray. — Introduced as -<:B. in4cror/(]//(f7/H.s, Ridgw., n. s..
Am. Nat. viii. Feb. 1874, 109. (" San Francisco, Cal.")
520a. J2GIALITIS MELODA ciRCUMCiNCTA, Ridgw. — ^. mdodun, var. drcumdndus, Am.
Nat. viii. Feb. 1874, 109. (" Plains between Missouri River and Rocky Mount-
ains.")
524. Scolopax rusUcuJa, Linn. — Cf. Baird, Am. Jour. Arts & Sciences, xli. May, 1866,
25. (Newfoundland.)
526. Gallinago media, Leach.— C/. Reinh. Ibis, 1861, 11. (Greenland.)
531. Arquatella couicsii, Ridgw. — Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, July, 1880, 160. (Aleutian
islands and contiguous coast of Alaska.)
532. Arquatella ptilocnemis (Coues) Ridgw. — '• Trimja vraadrodriii" , Dall, Am. Nat.
viii. 1873, 635 (St. Paul's I., Alaska). — Triiuja piilocnemis, Coues, Elliott's
Prybilov Islands, 1875, foot-uote.
222 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
533. Aciodromas acuminata (Hnrsf.) Eidgw,— Obtained at St. Michaer.s, Alaska, by Mr.
E. W. Nelsou, U. S. Signal Service. .
The single example forwarded l)y Mr. Nelson is without date or exact locality, and I have
been unable to get from him the desired information, my letter to him on the subject having
doubtless miscariied. The species is so important an addition to the fauna, ho-wever, that it
cannot be overlooked in the present connection, reluctant as we are to publish a note of its
occurrence without being able to furnish those data from the pen of Mr. Nelson himself,
-which woidd do him full justice, as the first discoverer of this Indian species on this con-
tinent.
537. AcTODUOMAS r.AiKDii, Cones. — Proc. Phihul. Acad. 18(il, 194. (Arctic America.)
539. Felidua aJpina (Linn.) Boie.— TriM^ra alpina, Newton, Man. Nat. Hist. Grccul. 1875,
103. (Greenland.)
541a. P]RKUXETES PUSILLUS occiDENTALis (Lawr. ) Cones. — E. occidcntalis, Lawr. Proc.
riiilad. Acad. 1864, 107. (Pacific coast U. S.)
544. Limosa lapponica novw-zcalandiw, Gray. — L. uropygkiUs, Baird, Trans. Chicago
Acad. i. 1869, 320, pi. 32. (Alaska.)
546. Limosa wfjocephala (Linn.) Leach.— C/. Reinii. Ibis, 1861, 11. (Greenland.)
551. Bhijacophilus ochropiis (Liun.) Ridgw.— C/". Brewer, Bull. Nntt. Oru. Club, iii.
Jan. 1878, 49. (Nova Scotia.)
561. Ntimenius phwopns (Linn.) Lath.— C/. Reinii. Ibis, 1861, 10. (Greenland.)
56'J. Xiimcniun tuMliensis (Gmel.) Cass.— " XiimvHiiis femoralis, Peale ", Ridgw. Am.
Nat. July, 1874, 435. (Kadiak, Ahiska; F. Bischoff.)
568. Farra (jjjmnosioma, Wagl.— C^. Merrill, BuU. Nutt. Oru. Club, 1. Nov. 1876, 88
(Ft. Brown, Texas); Ridgw. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i. 1878, 167, pi. iii.
(synonymy and descriptions).
570. Rallus obsoletus, Ridgw. — B. clegans, var. odsoletus, Ridgw. Am. Nat. viii.
Feb. 1874, 111. (Coast California.)
571a. Rallus longirostris saturatus, Hensh.— C/. Ridgw. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club,
July, 1880, 140. (Louisiana.)
573. Forzana maruetta (Leach) Bp. — " Orti/gomctra porzana (Linn.)", Reinh. Ibis,
1881, 12. (Greenland.)
576a. Porzana jajiaicensis coturniculus, Baird. — F. jamaicensis, var. coturniculus,
Baird, Am. Nat. viii. Feb. 1874, 111. (Farallone Islands, California.)
586. Olor cygnus (Liun.) Bi^.—" Cggnus ferns, Ray", Reinh. Ibis, 1861, 13. (Green-
land.)
587. Olor minor (Pall.) Bp.— "C(/r/H«.s heivickii", Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 465.
("Igloolik [Arctic America], lat. 66^^, June 19, 1823." Said to breed ''on the
sea-coast within the Arctic circle." The description, from specimens killed
at locality quoted above, is of the true 0. minor, or Bewick's Swan.)
592. CiiEN Rossii (Baird) Ridgw.— .l/*st;j- rossii, "Baird, MSS.", Cass. Proc. Philad.
Acad. 1881, 73. (Arctic America.)
593. Anser albifrons (Gm.) .—Cf. Reinh. Il)is, 1861, 12. (Greenland.)
603. Anas fulvigula, Ridgw. — A. ohsaira, var. ftdrignla, Am. Nat. viii. Feb. 1874,
HI. (Florida.)
627a. SoMATERiA MOLLissiMA DRESSERi (Sharpc) Cones. — S. drcsseri, Sharpe, Ann.
Mag. N. H. July, 1871, 51, tigs. 1,2.
This bird has been called by all American writers S. mollissima. The true Eider, how-
ever, has only lately been detected in America, it being the form found by Mr. Kiimlieu
Ijreeding abundantly on the west side of Cumberland Gulf.
631. Melanetta fusca (Linn.)— f/. Reiniiardt, Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjobenhavn,
1879, 1. (Sou;h Greenland.)
646a. Fhalarrocorax violaccus 7-cspk)idens (And.) Ridgw. — Graculus Mirdii, "GRJiBER,
MSS.", Cooper. Proc. Philad. Acad. Jan. 1865, 5. (Farallone Islands.)
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 223
Catalogue Xo.
G47. ritalacrocorax hicristatus, PtiUas. — "Gracidus bicristatus, Pallas", Baiid, Trans.
Chicago Acad. i. 18'o9, — , pi. 33. (St. George's I., Alaska; W. H. Dall.)
051. Snla cyanops, Sundev. — Cf. Lawr. Proc. Boston Soc. xiv. 1871, 302. (Socorro I.)
653. Sula plscator (Linn.) . — Cf. Lawr. Proc. Boston Soc. xiv. 1872, 303. (Socorro I.)
655. Phaiithon wthercue, Linn. — Cf. Freke, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dubl. Soc. 1879.* (Banks
of Newfoundland, August, 1876.)
665. Laruti affiuia, Reiuli. — Vid. Medd. Nat. For. Kjoljonliavu, 1853, 78. (Greenland.)
666«. Larus argentatus smithsonianus, Coues. — L. smithsonianiis, Coues, Proc.
Philad. Acad. 1862, 2<J6. (North America.)
667. Lams cachinnans, Pall. — ''Larus borcalis, Brandt", Baikd, Trans. Chicago Acad.
i. 1869, 305. (St. Michael's, Alaska; Bischolf.)
671. Larus canus, Linn. — Cf. Brewer, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iii. Jan. 1878, 50. (Lab-
rador; Coues.)
689. Sterna aleutica, Baird. — Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869, 321, i)l. 31, fig. 1.
(Kadlak, Alaska ; Bischoff.)
692. Sterna anwstheta, Scopoli. — Sterna (Ualiplana) anonUuvta, CouES, Key, 1872, 322-
(Florida.)
694. Hydrochclidon leucopicra (Meisn.) Boie. — Cf. Brewicr, Am. Nat. March, 1874, 188.
(Lake Koshkonoug, Wisconsin; T. Kumlien.)
7056. FuLMARUS GLACiALis RODGERSi (Cass.) Coues. — F. roihjcrsU, Cass. Proc. Philad.
Acad, 1862, 290 (North Pacific) ; BAiitD, Trans. Chicago Acad. i. 1869, 323,
pi. 34, fig. 1 (St. Georges I., Alaska).
710. PuFFiNUS CREATOPUS, Coopcr.— 6/. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864, 131. (Coast
California.)
713. L'nffinns garia (Forst.) Finsch. — /'. opisthomdas, CoUES, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864,
139. (Coast California.)
715. Puffimis griseiis (Gmel.) Finsch. — Nectris amanrosonia, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad.
1864, 124.
716. Puffinus temdrostris, Temm. — Nectris tenmrostris, Dall & Bannister, Trans. Chi-
cago Acad. i. 1869, 303. (Kotzbue Sound.)
718. JEstrelaia htdweri (Jard.) Gigl. & Salvad. — Thalassidroma iulweri, Newton, Man.
Nat. Hist. Greenl. 1875, 108.
720. Halocyptena microsoma. Cones.— Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864, 78. (Coast of
California.
725. Cymochorea homochroa, Coues.— Proc. Philad. Acad. 1864, 77. (Coast of Cal-
ifornia. )
737. Colymhus adavisi, Gray. — Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1859, 1(57. (Alaska.)
763(f. LoMViA troile calieornica (Bryant) Coues. — Catarracies californicus, Bryant,
Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. (Farallone Islands.)
764. Lomvia arra, Pall. — Cephus arra, Pall. Zoog. Rosso-As. ii. 1811, 347. (Alaska.)
c. List of North American genera tvhich have been described or added to the fauna sinec
1859, together icith those whose names or orthography hare been changed since that date.
1. Hylociciila, Baird, Review Am. B. i. June 2, 1864, 12 (type, Turdas musteli-
vus, Gmel.).
Tlio Tardus mimcus of Europe is a strict congener of T. inustclinus, and it is possible tliat
.some generic name may liave been based upon it previous to the imposition of Rylocichla.
6. Th/yZms, Linufeus, S. N. ed. 10. i. 1758, 168 (type, T. viscivorus, Linn.).
Tlie T. iliacus, although not agreeing strictly with T. vincivorus in details of external
structure, is still hardly different enough to entitle it to separation. It is much more like
true Tardus than either of the other American genera (Hylodehla and Merula).
* We cnunot cite the page of the "Proceedings", but the record appears on p. 44 of separate pam-
phlet eutitkid "A Comparative List of Birds found in Europe and North America. By Percy Evans
Freke."
224 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
7. Meriila, "Leach, 1816" (type, Turdus merula, Linn.)-
The ]iroi)pr fjeneric division of the typical thrushes is a matter of considerable difficulty.
Of the North American generic groups, Hylocichla and Henperocichla of Baird are suffici-
ently isolated, the latter being represented by a single species only, the former by all the
smaller spotted species, besides the Song Thrush (Turdus musicus, Linn.) of Europe. I find
no American species agreeing at all closely -with Turdus viscivorus (the type of Turdus) in
form ; and a generic divisiou based wholly or chiefly on coloration being out of the question,
I find no other alternative than to adopt for the Kobin ajid other American thrushes usually
referred to "Plancsticus' of Bonaparte (1804) the name Merula, Leach (181(i), there Ijciug no
essential difference in form between the tyjie of the latter. Tardus merula, l.iun. (Meritla
nigra, Leach) and our Kobin (T. migratorius, Linn.) ; while a number of the Neotropical
species exhibit the same sexual difference in coloration as T. merula. I would also refer to
Merula the following Old World forms: Turdus pilaris, Linn. (ty\)e ot Arceuthornls, Kaup,
1829), Turdus atrogularis, Temm. (type of Ciehloides, Kaup, 1829), Turdus torquatuf:, Linn,
(type of Thoraeocincla, Kcich., 1850), with perhaps some others.
9. Hksperociciila, Bairil, Eeview Am. B. i. July, 18(M, 32 (type, Turdm lurvhia,
Gniel.).
12. (Jaleoseoptes, Cabauis, Miis. Heiu. i. 1850, 82 (type, Maseivapa caroUiietisi>i, Liuu. ).
19. Cinclus, Beclistein, Gemeiu. Naturg. 1802 (type, Stiir)iu>i cinclns, Linn.). [6/. Baikd.
Review Am. B. i. 1864,59, foot-note.]
20. Cyanecula, Brehm, Viig. Deutschl. 1828 (type, Motacilla siiecica, Linn.).
34. Phylloscopus, Boie, Isis, 1826, 792 (type f)
50. AURIPARUS, Baird, Review Am. B. i. Aug. 1864, 85 (type, JE'iUhalns Hainceps,
Sundev. ).
61. Thkyomanes, Sclater, Cat. Am. B. 1861, 22 (type, Trofjlodytes hewickl, And.).
65. Anorthura, Rennie, Montagu's Orn. Diet. 2d ed. 1831, 570 (type, A. communis,
Eenuie ^^ Motacilla troglodijten, Linn.).
67. Telmafodi/tt'n, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. i. 1850, 78 (type, Certhia imluslris, Wils.).
69. Motacilla, Liumeus, S.N. 1735 (type, ilf. alba, Linn.).
70. Badytes, Cuvier, Reg. Au. i. 1817, 371 (type, Motacilla Jlava, L.).
76. Htlonma. — Hdiiiaia, Audubon, Synop. 1839, (iS (type, Sylvia su-aimoni, And.).
[Orthography emended by Agassiz, Nomencl. 1847. Cf. Newton, P. Z. S.
1879,552.]
90. PekissoGLOSSA, Baird, Review Am. B. i. 1864, 180 (type, Motacilla tigrina, Gm.).
92. Peucedramus, Coues, in Henshaw's Orn. Wheeler's Survey, 1875, 201 (type, Syl-
via olicacea, Giraud).
115. Slums. — Clf. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club.
124. Wilsonia, Bonaparte, Comp. List. 1838, 23 (type, Sylvia mitrata, And.?). \_Vf.
Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 95. ■]
131. Cardclliiia, " Dubus ", Bouap. Consp. i. 1850, 312 (type, Cardellina amicta, Dubus=-
Muscicapa riihrifroiis, Giraud).
132. Erg-'VTICUS, Baird, Review Am. B. i. May, 1865, 264 (type, Setopha/ja rubra,
Swains.).
133. Basileutcrus, Cabauis, in Schomb. Guiana, iii. 1848, 666 (tyi^e, Sylvia vcrmirora,
Vieill.).
135. Vireosylvia, Bonaparte, Comp. List. 1838, 26 (type, Muscicapa olivacca, Linn.).
140. Lanivikeo, Baird, Review Am. B. i. May 23, 1866, 345 (type, Vireo flavifrons,
Vieill.?).
*It is exceedingly doubtful whether Wilsonia, Bp., should displace Myiodioctes, Aud. Bonaparte's
name occurs first in a mere list, is used only as a heading for a subgeneric groiiji, and is unaccom-
panied either by a diagnosis or an indicatiou of type. Audubon, however, only a year later, in desig-
nating ihe same group of birds by the new generic term Myiodioctes, gave au excellent diagnosis of the
generic charnct'ers. It appears to us that the sRght difierence of date in favor of Bonaparte's name is
greatly overbalanced by the pains which Audubon took to duly characterize his genus, thus conform-
ing to the recjuirements of nomenolatural laws, which Bonapaite tViiled to do.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 225
Catalogno "No.
148. Laniits, Linnrens, S. N. eel. 10, 1758,93 (type, L. excubitor, Liun.). [C/. Conea,
Birds Colorado Val. i. 1878, 539.]
153. Petrochelidoii, Cabanis, Mns. Hein. i. 1850,47 (type, Hirundomelanogastfr, Sw. ^/'.
sivainsorii, Sel.).
155. Tachycineta, Caljanis, Mns. Hein. i. 1850, 48 (type, Hirundo thalasfihia, Sw.).
157. Cotile, Boie.—Cf. Wharton, The Ibis, Oct. 1879; Coues, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club,
April, 1880,96.
158. SfeJfjidopteryx, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 312, in text (type, Hirundo serripennis, And.).
167. Pyrrluda, Brisson, Orn. 1760 (type, Loxia pyrrhula, Tuinn.=:^ Ember iza coccinea,
Saudb.).
172. Loxia, Linna?ns, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 171 (type, L. ciirvirostra, Linn.).
181. AstragaUnus, Cabanis, Mns. Hein. i. 1851, 1.59 (type, Frinyilla Iristis, Linn.).
187. Centrophanes, Kaup, Eut. Gescli. Eur. Tbierw. 1829 (type, Emheriza lapponica,
Linn.).
190. Bhynchophanes, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 432, in text (type, Plectroplianes maccowni,
Lawr.).
224. Amphispiza, Coues, Birds N. W. 1874, 234 (type, Emheriza bUiveata, Cass.).
244. Zamelodia, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, v. April, 1880, 98 (type, Loxia hidoviei-
ana, Linn.).
247. Passerina, Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 30 (type, Tanagra cyanea, Linn.). \_Cf. Coues,
1, c. 96.]
253. Phonipara, Bonaparte, Consp. i. 1850, 494 (type, Loxia canora, Gmel.).
254. Spiza, Bonaparte, Obs. Wils. Orn. 1825 (part); Spece. Coiup. 18:27, 47 (type,
Embeiiz.a americana, Gmel.!). [See anteS,, 3.]
279. Sturnus, Linnaeus, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 167 (type, S. vulgaris, Linn.).
285. Gymnocitfa.—Cf. CouES, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 98.
289. Cyanocitta, Strickland, Ann. Mag. N. H. sv. 1845, 260 (type, Corvus cristatus,
Linn.). [C/. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Oru. Club, April, 1880, 98.]
291. Aplielocoma, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. i. 1851, 221 (type, Garrulus californicus, Vig.).
299. Alauda, Liunteus, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 165 (type, A. arvcnsis, Linn.).
308. Piiangus, Swainson, Zool. Jour. iii. 1827, 165 (type ?).
309. Myiozf.tetes, Sclater, ex. Schiff. — Myiozeta, " Schifl'.", Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxviii.
1854, — (type 'l).—Myiozeteies, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, 46.
310. Myiodinastes, Bonaparte, Compt. Rend, xxxviii. 1854, 657 (type ?).
331. Ornithion, Hartlaub, Jour, fiir Orn. 1853, 35 (type, 0. inerme, Hartl.).
332. PachyrJiamplius, "Gray, 1838" (type, Pachyrhynchus cuvieri, Spix=TtY^ra viridis,
VieilL).
333. Hadrostomus, Cabanis, Mus. Hein. ii. Oct. 24, 1859, 84 (type, Tityra atricapilJa,
VieilL).
334. Eugenes, Gould, Mon. Troch. pt. xii. 1850 (type, Trochilus fulgens, Swains.).
337. Calypte, Gould, Introd. Trocb. oct. ed. 1861, 87 (type, Ornismya costw, Bourc.).
342. Atthis, Reichenbacb, Aufz. der Colib. 1853, 12 (type, Ornismya heloisas, Less. &
Delattr.).
343. Stcllula, Gould, Introd. Trocb. oct. ed. 1861, 90 (type, Trochilus calliope, Gould)
344. Calothorax, Gray, Gen. B. 1840, 13 (type, Cynanthus lucifer, Swains.).
345. Amazilia, Lesson. — Amazilis, Less. lud. Gen. et Syn. du Gen. Troch. 1832, p. xxvii.
(type, Orthorhynchus amazili, Less.). — Amasilia, Reich. Av. Syst. Nat. 1849,
pi. 39.
347. Basilinna, Boie, Isis, 1831, 546 (type, Trochilus leucotis, Vieill.).
348. Iache, Elliot, Synop. Troch. March, 1879, 234 (type, Cyna)ithuslatirosfris, Swains.).
349. Cypsdus, Illiger, Prodr. 1811, 229 (type, C. apus, Linn.). [C/. antea, 6.]
350. Cypscloides, Strenbel, Isis, 1848, 366 (type, Cypselusfumigatus, Natt.). \_VJ'. Sclatci.
P. Z. 8.1865,014.]
354. CaprimuJgus, Linuteus, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1858, 193 (type, C. europams, Linn.). [6/
I'loc. U. S. Nat. Mns. i. 1878, 143; ib. iii. 1880, 5.]
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 15 Sept. 4, 1880.
226 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIOJSTAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
355. Phal^noptilus, Eidgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1860, 5 (type,
CaprimulfjiiH nuttalU, And.).
366. XenojnotH, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 83, in text (type, Leuconerpes alholarvatm, Cass.),
394. Aluco, Flemiug, Phil. Zool. ii. 1828, 236 (type, Strbc flammea,'L\\i\i.). [C/. New-
ton, Yarrell's Brit. B. ed. 4, i. 150; Ibis, v. 94-105.]
395. Anio, Brisson, Orn. i. 1766, 28 (type, Strix otus, Linn.).
397. Strix, Linuajus, S. N.ed. 10, i. 1758, 92 (type, S. stridula, Linn.). [C/. Newton,
Ibis, ser. iii. vi. 94-105.]
399. Ululit, Cuvier, Reg. An. i. 1817, 329 (type, Strix uralensis, Pall.).
In History of North American Birds (vol. iii, pp. 28-30) I adopted for the Great Gray
Owl (Strix cinerea, Gmel.) the subgeneric name Scotiaptex, Swains., baaed upon this species,
find on p. 8 of these Proceedings raised the same name to generic rank. A subsequent exam-
ination of Strix uralensis, Pallas, however, reveals the fact that the latter is strictly con-
generic with S. cinerea and S. tapponica, and having been made the type of a genus TTlula
by Cuvier, in 1817, the latter name must take precedence over Scotiaptex, which was not
founded iiutU 1831.
408. Speotyto, Gloger, Handb. Natnrg. 1842, 226 (type, Strix cumcuUria, Mol.).
411. MiCRATHENK, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1856, 51 (type, Athene ivhitneyi,CooTpeT.).
412. Hierofalco, Cuvier, Reg. An. i. 1817,312 (type, Falco candicans, Gm.).
416. JEsalon, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. 1829, 40 (type, Falco cesalon, Gmel. = F. regulus,
Pall.)
419. Ehynchofalco, Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. 1873, 46 (type, Falco femoralis,
Temm. = F fusco-cwrulescens, Vieill.).
426. Elanoides, Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. sxiv. 1818, 101 (type, Falco furcatus, Linn.).
434. Antenor, Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. May, 1873, 63 (type, Falco
unicinctus, Temm.).
444. Uruhiiinga, Lesson, Rev. Zool. 1839, 132 (no type !) ; Lafr. in d'Orb. Diet. Hist.
Nat. ii. 1842, 786 (type, Falco uruUtinga, Gm. :=F. zonurus, Shaw).
446. Onychotes, Ridgway, Proc. Philad. Acad. Dec. 1870, 142 (type, O. gruberi,
Ridgw.).
450. ThrasaHtiis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1837, 108 (type, Falco harpyia, Linn.).
451. HaVumtus, Saviguy. — This is the original and correct orthography. [C/. Gray,
Handb. i. 1869, 16; Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, — .]
453. PSEUDOGRYPHUS, Ridgway, in B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii. Jan. 1874, 337,
338 (type, Fitltur calif ornianus, Shaw).
455. Catharista, Vieillot, Analyse, 1816, 21 (type, Vultur urubu, Vieill. = F. airata,
Bartr. Cf. RiDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 80).
463. Engyptila, Sundevall, Met. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent. 1872, 156 (type, Columha rufax-
illa, Rich. &. Bern.).
467. Geotrygon, Gosse, Birds Jam. 1847, 316, foot-note (type, G. sylvatica, Gosse=:
Columha crisiata, Temm.).
469. Ortalis.—Cf. Wharton, The Ibis, Oct. 1879, 450. [= Ortallla, Merrem (false
orthography).]
471. Canace, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. 1851 (type, Tetrao canadensis, Linn.).
491. Dichromanassa, Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. Ttrr. iv. No. 1, Feb.
5, 1878, 246 (type, Ardea rufa, Bodd.).
492. Hydranassa, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 660, in text (type, Ardea If^doviciana, Gmel.
= yl. tricolor, Miill.).
499. Mycteria, Linnaius, S. N. i. 1758, 140 (type, M. americana, Linn.).
501. Eudocimus, Wagler, Isis, 1832, 1232 (type, Scolopax rubra, Liun.). \_Cf. Elliot,
Ibis, 1877, 482.]
503. Plegadis, Kaup, Slvizz. Ent. Gesch. 1829, 82 (type, Tantalus falcinellus, Linn.).
[C/. Sclater & Salvin, Ibis, 1878, 112.]
505. Ajaja, Reichenbach, Handb. 1851, p. xvi. (type, Platalea ajaja, Linn. = P. rosea,
Briss.). iCf. Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. 1880, 10.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 227
Catalogue No.
51-2. Fanellns, Meyer, Vog. Deutschl. i. 1810, 10 (ex. Linn. 1735; type, Tringa vancUus
Linn.).
516. Oxi/cehm, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. 1853, Introd. p. xviii. (type, Charadrius vocifei-us,
Linn.).
522. Ochthodromus, Reicheubach, 1. c. (type, Charadrius icilsonius, Ord).
523. PoDASOCYS, Coues, Proc. PMlad. Acad. 1866, 96 (type, Charadrius montanus,
Towns.).
.524. Scolopax, LinniBiis, S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 145 (type, S. rusticida, Linn.).
530. Jrquatella, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 717 (type, Tringa maritima, Briinn.).
533. Actodromas, Kauj), Sk. Ent. Eur. Thierw. 1829, 37 (type, Tringa miituta, Leisl.).
539. Pelidna, Cuvier, Reg. An. 1817, 490 (type, Tringa alpina, Linn.).
547. Totanus, Bechstein, Nat. DeutscM. 1803 (tj'pe, Scolopax calidris, Linn.).
554. Machetes, Cnvier, Reg. An. 1817 (type, Tringa pugnax, Linn.). [_Cf. Coues, Bull.
Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, 100.]
555. Bartramia, Lesson, Traite Ois. 1831, 553 (type, B. laticanda, Less. = Tringa
longicauda, Bechst.). [Cy. Coues, 1. c.]
564. LoMpes, Cuvier, Reg. An. 1817 (type, Tringa hyperborea, Linn.).
565. Steganopus, VieiUot, Enc. Meth. 1823 (type, S. tricolor, Vieill. =: Phalaropus wil-
soni, Sab.).
568. Parra, Linnseus, S. N. i. ed. 12, 1766, 259 (type, P. jacana, Linn.). [For generic
characters and illustrations, see these Proceedings, vol. i. pp. 166, 167, pi. iii.]
578. lonornis, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. 1853, 21 (type, Fidica martinica, Linn.).
586. Olor, Wagler, Ms, 1832, 1234 (type, Cygnus mwsicus, Bechst. = ^nas cygnus,
Linn.).
590. Chen, Boie, Isis, 1822 (type, Anas hyperhorea. Pall.).
598. Philacte, Bannister, Proc. Philad. Acad. Nov. 1870, 131 (type. Anas canagicus,
Sewast.).
619. Clangula, Fleming, Philos. Jour. 1828 (type, ^n«s cJangula, Ijmn.). [Cf. Dres-
ser, B. Eur. pt. xlvi. Dec. 1875; Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880,
101.]
635. NOMONYX, Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. iii. March 27, 1880, 15 (type. Anas do-
minica, Linn.).
642. Phalacrocorax, Brisson, Orn. 1760 (type, Pelecaniis carho, Linn.). [C/. Sharpe,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. 1877, 14G, foot-note. ]
696. Megalestris, Bonaparte, Consp. ii. 1856, 208 (type, Larus caiarractes, Linn. =
Catharacta skua, Briinn.). [C/. CouES, B. N.W. 1874, 603, 604, where, how-
ever, Buphagus, Mojhring, is adopted ; but Mcehring's names being inadmissi-
ble,* Megalestris, Bp., ''strictly its only synonym" seems the only one availa-
ble.
703, Phoeietria, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. Nat. 1853, pi. 26, fig. 348 (type, Diomedea fuUgi-
iiosa, Gmel.).
704. Ossifraga, Hombron & Jacquinot, Compt. Rend, xviii. 1844, 356 (type, Procellaria
gigantea, Gmel.).
706. Priocella, Hombron & Jacquinot, Comj)t. Rend, xviii. 1844, 357 (tyjie, Procellaria
glacialoides, Smith = P. tenuirostris. And.).
707. Priofinm, Hombron & Jacquinot, Compt. Rend, xviii. 1844, 355 (type, Procellaria
cinerea, Gmel. (f) = P. melanura, Bonn.).
717. CEstrelata, Bonaparte, Consji. ii. 1855, 188 (tyjie, Procellaria hccsitata, Temm.).
720. Halocyptena, Cones, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1834, 78 (type, H. microsoma, Coues).
721. Procellaria, Linufcus, S.N. ed. 12, i. 1766, 212 (type, P.pelagica, Linn.).
722. Oceanitcs, Keyserliug & Blasius, Wirb. Eur. 1840, 238 (tyi)e, Procellaria oceanica^
Kuhl.).
*C/. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, p. 100, sp. 437, Machetes pugnax.
228 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
CatalofTTie No.
723. Cymochorea, Coues, Proc. Philad. Aoad. 1864, 75 (type, Procellaria Uucorrhoa,
VieilL).
726. Oceanodronw, Reiclieubach, Av. Syst. 1853, xviii. (type, Procellaria furcuta, Gmel.).
730. JEchmo2)horu8, Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1832, 221) (type, Podiceps occidentaUs,
Lawr. ).
732. Di/tes, Kaup, Syst. Eut. Eur. Thierw. 1829 (type, Cohjmhus cornutus, Gmel.).
734. Tachyhaptes, Keiclieubach, Syst. Nat. Av. 1853, pi. 2 (typo, Colymhiis minor, Gmel.).
742. Utamania, Leach, Syst. Cat. 1816 (type, ^Zca tarda, Liuu.). [Cy. Coues, Proc.
Philad. Acad. 18(58,18,19.]
743. Fratercula, Brissoii, Orn. 17G0 (type, Alca arctica, Liun.). [Cf. Coues, Proc.
Philad. Acad. 1868,21.]
745. Lunda, Pallas, Zorgr. Eosso-As. 1811, 363 (type, Alca clrrhaia, Pall.). \_Cf. Coues,
Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, 26. 1
746. Ceraforhina. — Cf. Coues, Key, 1872, 341. \_:^CerorMnca, Bonap. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
ii. 1828, 428 (false orthography).]
748. Simorhyiichus, " Merrem, , 1819 (type, Alca crietatella, Pall, fide G.R.Gray)".
[0/. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, 35. ]
750. Ciceronia, Eeichenbach, Av. Sjst. Nat. 18.53, — (type, Phaleris microeeros, Brandt ^=
Uria piisilla, Pall.).
752. Alle, Link, Beschr. Natur.-Samml. Univ. Rostock, 1806, 17 (type, A. nigricans,
L,ink = Alca alle, Linn.). [6J. Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, iv. Oct. 1879,
244.]
753. SynthliborJiamphus, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. iiv 1837 (type, ^?ca an^wa,
Gmel.).
763. Lomvia, Brandt, Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. ii. 1837, 345 (type, Colymhics troille, Linn.).
iCf. Coues, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, 75.]
d. Species included in the catalogue ivMch have not yet {according to the records) actually
ieen taken xvithin the prescribed limits.
[The following species enumerated in the catalogue have not, to this date, been
taken within the United States; but all are known to occur so near our southern
border as to render it quite certain that their capture within our limits is but a ques-
tion of time and investigation. There are also included in this category all the
species which are peculiar to the islands of Socorro and Guadalupe and the penin-
sula of Lower California.]
8. Meuula confinis. (Cape St. Lucas.)
14. Harpouhynchus cinereus. (Cape St. Lucas.)
18. Hauporhynchus GRAYSONi. (Socorro.)
31. Regulus obscURUS. (Guadalupe.)
43. Parus merimonalis. (Highlands of Mexico.)
49. PsALTRiPARUS melanotis.* (Highlands of Mexico.)
55a. Certhia familiaris mexicana. (Highlands of Mexico.)
57. Campylorhynciius AFFiNis. (Cape St. Lucas.)
58a. Salpinctes obsoi.etus guadalupensis. (Guadalupe.)
62. Thryomanes brevicauda. (Guadalupe.)
89. Parula pitiayumi insularis. (Socorro.)
171. Carpodacus AMPLUS. (Guadalupe.)
195. Passerculus GUTTATUS. (Cape St. Lucas.)
223. JuNco insularis. (Guadalupe.)
238c. PiPiLO MACULATUS CONSOBRINUS. (Guadalupe.)
238d. PiPiLO MACULATUS CARMANi. (Socorro.)
?40a. PiPiLO Fuscus ALBiGULA. (Cape St. Lucas.)
* Probably seen by me in August, 1868, iu the East Humboldt Mts., Nevada. (Cf. Orn. 40th Parallel
Exp. 1877, p. 415.)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 229
Catalogue No. •
267. Icterus WAGLERi. (Mexico.)
288. PsiLORHixus MORio. (E. Mexico.)
291. Aphelocoma ULTKAMARiXA coucHii. (E. Mexico.)
347. Basilixna XA^'TUSi. (Cape St. Lucas.)
363rt. Picus scALARis lucasaxus. (Cape St. Lucas.)
377a. Melaxerpes formicivorus angustifroxs. (Cape St. Lucas.)
380. COLAPTES RUFIPILEUS. (Guadalupe.)
381. MoMOTUS CERDLEICEPS. (E. Mexico.)
384. Trogox ambiguus. (Mexico.)
393. CoxuRUS HOLOCHLORUS BREViPES. (Socorro.)
415. Falco ALBiGULARis. (Whole of tropical America.)
424. PoLYBORUS LUTOSUS. (Guadalupe.)
653. SuLA PiscATOR. (Socorro.)
655. PHoETHOX ^THEREUS. (Newfoundland banks; Socorro?)
460. ZEXiEDURA GRAYSOXi, (Socorro.)
Of the following species given in tlie catalogue no specimens are known to have
been taken within the limits of the United States, with the exception of those de-
scribed and figured in Giraud's " Sixteen Species of Texau Birds" (1841).*
59. Catherpes mexicanus {=CtviMa albifrons, Giraud).
130. Setophaga mixiata {^Muscicapd dej-hami, Giraud).
132. Ergaticus ruber {=Pa7-us leuvotis, Giraud).
133. Basileuterus culicivorus {=zMu8cifapa brasieri, Giraud).
134. Basileuterus bellii {:=Muscicapa belUi, Giraud).
160. EuPHOXiA ELEGAXTissiMA {=Pipra (J aUriculata, Giraud).
1826. AsTRAGALixus PSALTRi A MEXICANUS (=^Fringilla texmsis, Giraud).
309. Myiozetetes texexsis {^^Muscicapa texensis, Giraud).
314. Myiarchus lawrexcei {=:Tyrannula lawrencU, Giraud).
329. Empidonax fulvifroxs {^=:Muscicapa fulvifroiis, Giraud).
e. Species {chiefly Palccarctic) which occur only as siragglers or visitants in Eastern North
America, or which occur regularly only in Greenland and adjacent portions of the conti-
nent.i
[6.] TuRDUS iriACUS. Accidental in Greenland.
[69.] Motacilla ALBA. Accidental in Greenland.
[178.] ^giothus caxescens. Resident in Greenland.
[279.] Sturxus vulgaris. Accidental in Greenland.
[412a.] HiEROFALCO gyrfalco islandus. Resident in South Greenland.
[416.] ^SALOX regulus. Accidental in Greenland.
[422. ] TixxuxcuLUS alaudarius. Accidental in Greenland.
[435. ] BuTEO VULGARIS. Accidental in Michigan ? [ Cf. Ma yxard, Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, 1. 18.]
452. Hali/eetus axbicill.\. Resident in Greenland.
[488. ] Ardea cixerea. Accidental in Greenland.
[506.] Hjematopus ostralegus. Accidental in Greenland.
[514. ] Charadrius pluvialis. Accidental in Greenland.
518. ^Egialitis hiaticula. Breeding in Greenland and west of Cumberland Gulf.
[524.] ScoLOPAX rusticula. Accidental in Newfoundland and Eastern United States.
[526.] Gallixago media. Casual in Greenland and Bermudas.
* These specimens are now in the collection of the United States National Museum,
t Strictly pelagic birds, which are more or less numerous off the coast, are excluded from this and
the following lists.
230 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Catalogue No.
[539.] Pelidna am>ina. Breeds in Greenland and Hudson's Bay Territory.
[540. ] Pelidna subauquata. Casual in Eastern North America (several records).
[546.] LiMOSA jegocephala. Accidental in Greenland.
[547.] TOTANUS GLOTTIS. Accidental in Florida.
[551.] Ehyacophilus ochropus. Accidental in Nova Scotia.
[554.] Machetes pugnax. Casual in Eastern North America (several records).
[561.] NuMENius PH^OPUS. Accidental in Greenland.
[573.] Porzana maruetta. Accidental in Greenland.
[.577.] Crex pratensis. Casual in Eastern North America, including Greenland.
[586.] Olor cygnus. Accidental in Greenland.
[587.] Olor MINOR. Casual (?) in fur countries.
[593.] Anser albifrons. Breeds in South Greenland.
[597.] Bernicla leucopsis. Casual in Eastern North America.
[611.] Nettion crecca. Casual in Eastern North America.
627. SOMATERIA MOLLissiMA. Resident in Greenland and west side of Cumterland
Gulf.
[631.] Melanetta FUSCA. Accidental in Greenland.
[665.] Larus affinis. Accidental in Greenland.
[694.] Hydrochelidon LEUCOPTERA. Accidental in Wisconsin.
[711.] PuFFiNUS ANGLORUM. Casual (?) otf Atlantic coast.
[717.] ffisTUELATA H^siTATA. Accidental off Atlantic coast of U. S.
[718.] (EsTRELATA BULWERi. Accidental ueur Greenland.
7'28. Fregetta grallaria. Accidental off coast of Florida.
[733.] Dytes auritus. Breeds in South Greenland.
743a. Fratercula arctica glacialis. Resident in Greenland.
/. Palcearctic and oceanic sjyecies occurring only in Alaska and other parts of the Pacific coast.
[20.] Cyanecula suecica. St. Michael's, Alaska, June 5, 1850. (See p. 215.)
[34.] PiiYLLOSCOPUS borealis. Breeds in Alaska.
[44. ] Parus cinctus. Abundant resident in Alaska.
[70.] Budytes FLAVA. Breeds abundantly in Alaska.
[167.] Pyrrhula CASSINI. Resident (?) in Alaska.
[399a.] Ulula cinerea lapponica. Casual (?) in Alaska (St. Michael's).
[4G7a.] SURNIA FUNEREA ULULA. Casual (?) in Alaska (St. Michael's).
511. Aphriza virgata. Casual along entire Pacitic coast of America.
[515a.] Charadrius dominicus FULAaTS. Regular autumnal visitant to Alaska.
[519.] iEGiALiTis curonica. Accidental in California (?).
[533.] AcTODROMAS ACUMINATA. Accidental on coast of Alaska.
544. LiMOSA LAPPONICA NOViE-ZEALANDiai. Abundant visitant to Alaska.
553. Heteroscelus INCANUS. Whole Pacific coast. (Breeds.)
[562.] NUMENIUS TAHiTiENSis. Accidental in Alaska (Kadiak).
[702.] DiOMEDEA CULMINATA. Accidental off mouth of Columbia River (Audubon).
[703.] Phcebetria fuliginosa. Casual off Pacific coast.
[704.] OssiFRAGA GIGANTEA. Accidental off Pacific coast of U. S.
706. Priocella tenuirostris. Casual (?) off Pacific coast.
707. Priofinus melanurus. Accidental off coast of California.
710. PuFFiNUS creatopus. Accidental (?) off coast of California.
713. PuFFiNUS GAViA. Casual (?) off coast of Lower California.
715. PUFFINUS GRISEUS. Casual (?) off coast of Lower California.
716. PUFFINUS TENUIROSTRIS. North Pacific (casual?).
[719.] Daption capensis. Accidental off coast of California.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 231
g. Palwa-rctic species occurring both in Greenland and Alaska, hut not recorded from avy
intermediate point in Noi'th America.
Catalogue No.
[•31.] Saxicola cenanthe. Breeds in Greenlautl aud on west side of Cumberland
Gulf.
[72.] Anthus pratexsis. Accidental (?) in Greenland and Alaska.
[.')12.] Vanellus cristatcs. Accidental in Greenland (and Alaska?).
[()06. J Mareca PENELOPE. Occurs in various parts of North America, south to North
Carolina, and San Francisco.
h. Tropical American species occurring only in southern portions of United States.
eastern province, including FLORIDA AND COAST OF TEXAS.*
137. ViREOSYLViA CALiDRis BARBATULA. (South Florida.) Rah. Cuba.
159. Certhiola BAHAMENSis. (Indian Key.) ZTa^. Bahamas.
184. Chrysomitris notata. (Accidental in lientucky, ^de Audubon.) Hah. high-
lands of Mexico and Guatemala.
253. Phonipara ZENA. (Key West.) iJaS. West Indies in general.
265. Icterus VULG^VRIS. (South Carolina, etc.) Hah. Jamaica and northern South
America.
302. Milvulus tyrannus. (Accidental in Mississippi, New Jersey, etc.) Hah. whole of
tropical South America east of the Andes, Atlantic coast region of Central
America (and Mexico?).
303. Tyrannus dominicensis. (Florida. ) Hah. whole of West Indies.
3576. CnoRDEiLES popetue minor. (Florida.) Hah. Cuba and Jamaica.
386. CoccYzus SENicuLUS. (Florida, Louisiana?) Hah. West Indies and parts of
northern South America.
389. Crotophaga ANi. (Tortugas; near Philadelphia!) i7a&. West Indies and parts
of northern South America.
420a. TiNNUNCULUS sparverius isabellinus.
421. TiNNUNCULUS sparverioides. (Florida.) Hah. Cuba.
429. RosTRHAMUS sociABiLis PLUMBEUS. (Florida.) Hah. Tropical America iu
general.
458. CoLUMBA LEUCOCEPiiALA. (Florida Keys. ) ila&. West Indies; Honduras.
462. Zen.eda amabilis. (Florida Keys. ) Hah. Greater Antilles.
467. Geotrygon MARTiNiCA. (Florida Keys. ) ^a6. West Indies.
468. Starncenas cyanocephala. (Florida Keys.) Hah. Cuba.
502. EuDOCiMUS RUBER. (Louisiana?) ^a6. Northern South America; Jamaica.
503. Plegadis falcinellus. (Florida, straggling northward.) Hah. Eastern Hem-
is^jhere chietiy.
578. lONORNis MARTINICA. (Southern portions in general, straggling northward.)
Hah. whole of tropical America.
581. Aramus pictus. (Florida.) Hah. West Indies and Atlantic coast of Central
America.
585. Phcenicopterus RUBER. (Florida Keys.) fl'flft. West Indies and shores of Gulf
of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; Galajjagos.
635. NoMONYX DOMiNicus. (Accidental on Lake Champlaiu and in Wisconsin.)
Hah. whole of tropical America.
692. Sterna ax^stiieta. (Florida.) iTaft. tropics generally.
734. Tachybaptes dominicus. (Lower Rio Grande, in Texas.) Hah. Tropical Amer-
ica iu general.
* Excluding species peculiar to Plorida.
232 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
SOUTHWESTERN BORDER — TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA.
[The species of this list which are peculiar to the more elevated portious of Mexico
and Guatemala (including the contiguous southern border of the United States) are
distinguished by an asterisk (*) prefixed to the number. The avi-fauna of temperate
Mexico is decidedly more nearly related to that of the Western Province of North
America than to the tropical fauna of the Mexican tierra caliente or hot coast-region.
The genera of Neotropical atifinities are jtrinted in italics.]
Catalogue No.
* 13a. Harporhynchus rufus longirostris. (Lower Eio Grande.)
* 15. Harporhynchus curvirostris. (Lower Eio Grande.)
* 26. Phainopepla nitens. (Texas to California.)
* 37. Lophophaneo atrocristatus. (Lower Rio Grande.)
* 39. Lophophanes wollweberi. (New Mexico; Arizona.)
* 49. Psaltriparus melanotis. (Nevada?)
* 50. Auriparus flaviceps. (Texas to Arizona.)
* 56. Campylorhynchus hrunneicapiUus. (Texas to California.)
* 59. Catherpes MEXICAN«JS. (Lower Rio Grande?)
* 60a. Thryotiiorus LUDoviciANUS BERLANDiERi. (Lower Rio Grande.)
* 616. Tiiryomanes bewicki leucogaster. (Lower Rio Grande to Arizona.)
* 83. Helminthophaga i-uciiE. (Arizona.)
* 89a. Parula insularis nigrilora. (Lower Rio Grande.)
* 92. Peucedramus olivaceus. (Lower Rio Grande ? Arizona.)
*104. Dendrqeca GRACiiE. (Arizona.)
*103.«DENnR(ECA CHRYSOPARiA. (Texas.)
*129. Setophaga picta. (Lower Rio Grande ? Arizona.)
*130. Setophaga miniata. (Lower Rio Grande?)
*131. Cardellina RUBRIFRONS. (Lower Rio Grande ? Arizona.)
*132. Ergaticus RUBER. (Lower Rio Grande ?)
133. Basileuterus cuUeivorus. (Lower Rio Grande?)
*134. Basileuterus heUii. (Lower Rio Grande?)
*136. ViREOSYLViA AGiLis FLAVO-viRiDis. (Lower Rio Grande ?)
*142. ViREO ATRiCAPiLLUS. (Tcxas.)
*147. ViREO viciNioR. (Arizona; Southern California.)
160. Euplionia eleganiissima. (Lower Rio Grande?)
*163. Pyranga hepatica. (New Mexico ; Arizona.)
*lG4a. Pyranga ^siva cooperi. (New Mexico ; Arizona.)
*182a. Astragalinus psaltria arizon^.^ (Upper Rio Grande to Arizona.)
1826. Astragalinus psaltria mexicanus. (Lower Rio Grande ?)
*215. Spizella atkogularis. (Lower Rio Grande to Lower California.)
■ *222, JuNCO cinereus. (Arizona. )
*227. PeuC/EA ARizoNiE. (Lower Rio Grande to Arizona.)
*230a. Peuc^ea ruficeps boucardi. (Arizona.)
*236. Etnhernagra rufivirgata. (Lower Rio Grande.)
*241. PiPiLO aberti. (Arizona.)
*242a. Cardinalis viRGiNiANUS iGNEUS. (Arizona; Lower California.)
*243. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata. (Lower Rio Grande to Lower California.)
*250. Passerina versicolor. (Lower Rio Grande.*)
252. Spermo]}hila moreletii. (Lower Rio Grande.)
*258a. Molothrus ater obscurus. (Texas to Lower California.)
259. Molothrus yENeus. (Lower Rio Grande.)
263a. Sturnella magna mexicana. (Lower Rio Grande.)
* Accidental in Michigan !
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 233
Catalogue No.
*266. Icterus audubonii. (Lower Eio Grande.)
*2G8. Icterus PARisoKUM. (Texas to Lower California.)
*269. Icterus cucullatus. (Texas to Lower California.)
*275. QuiscALUS MACRURUS. (Lowcr Eio Grande.)
*27G. QUISCAI.US palustris. (Head of Gulf of California? coast of Louisiana.)
*295. Aphelocoma sordida ARizoNiE. (Arizona.)
*296. Xanthura luxuosa. (Lower Rio Grande.)
*334. Eugenes fulgens. (Arizona.)
*342. Atthis HELOisiE. (Texas.)
*344. Calothorax lucifer. (Ai-izoua.)
345. AmaziUa fusdcaudata. (Lowcr Rio Grande.)
*346. Amasilia yucaiaiiensis. (Lower Rio Grande. )
*348. Iache latirostris. (Arizona.)
356. Nyctidromus ALBICOLLIS. (Lower Rio Grande.)
*358. Chordeiles acutipennis texensis. (Texas to Lower California.)
*363. Picus SCALARIS. (Texas to Arizona.)
*365. Picus stricklandi. (Arizona.)
*373. Centurus aurifrons. (Lower Rio Grande.)
*374. Centurus uropygialis. (Arizona.)
383. Ceryle AMERICANA CABiNisii. (Texas to Arizona.)
390. Crotophaga sulcirostris. (Lower Rio Grande.)
*391. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha. (Rio Grande Valley ?)
*402&. Scops asio maccalli. (Texas.)
*403. Scops trichopsis. (New Mexico ; Stockton, Cal. ?)
*404. Scops flammeolus. (North to about 40° in higher western mountains.)
410. Glaucidium phal.enoides. (Texas and Arizona.)
*411. MiCRATHENE WHITNEYI. (Arizona; S.E.California.)
419. Ehynchofaxco fusco-cerulescens. (Texas; New Mexico.)
434. Antenor unicinctus harrisi. (Louisiana to Lower California.)
440. BuTEO abbreviatus. (Arizona ; Southern California.)
441. BuTEO ALBiCAUDATUS. (S. Texas.)
444. Urhitinga anthracina. (Arizona.)
445. ASTURINA NiTiDA PLAGIATA. (Arizona.*)
450. Thras^tus harpyia. (Lower Rio Grande; Louisiana?)
457. COLUMBA ERYTHRiNA. (S. Texas.)
*4r)3. Engyptila albifrons. (S.Texas.)
464. Melopelia leucoptera. (Texas to Lower Cttlifornia.)
*466. SCARDAFELLA INCA. (Southern Tcxas.)
*469. Ortalis vetula maccalli. (S. Texas.)
*470. Meleagris GALLOPAVO, (NewMexico; Upper Rio Grande in Texas.)
483. LOPHORTYX GAMBELi. (W. Texas to Arizona.)
4H4. Callipepla squamata. (W. Texas to Arizona.)
485. Cyrtonyx MASSENA. (W. Texas to Arizona.)
499. Mycteria americana. (Southern Texas.)
ENTIRE SOUTHERN BORDER.
423. Polyborus CHERIWAY.
427. Elanus glaucus.
455. Catharista atrata.
465. Cham^pelia passerina.
* Accidental in Southern Illinois (only once observed).
234 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
i. Supposed valid species descrihed by Aiiduhon and Wilson, which, have not since been met
with, and of which no specimens are known to exist in collections.
Catalogue No.
32. Regulus cuvieri, Atid. Orn. Biog. i. 1832, 288, pi. 55 ("Banks of Schuylkill
River, Pa., Juue, 1812").— Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 228; Review, i. 1864, 66.—
B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 75, pi. 5, fig. 7.
91. Perissoglossa carbonata (And.) Ridgw. — Sijlvia carhonata, Aud. Orn. Biog.
i. 1831, 308, pi. 60 (Kentucky). — Dendroica carhonata, Baird, B. N. Am, 1858,
287 ; Review, i. 1885, 207. — Perissoglossa carbonata, B. B. &, R. Hist. N. Am.
B. i. 1874, 214, pi. 12, fig. 3.
112. Dendrceca MONTANA (Wils.) Baird. — Sylvia montana, WiLS. Am. Orn. v. 1812,
113, pi. xliv. fig. 2 ("Blue Mts. of Pennsylvania "). — Aud. Orn. Biog. v. 294
("California"). — Dendroica montana, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 279; Review, i.
1865, \m.—Dendroeca montana, B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 271,
126. WiLSONiA MiNUTA (Wils.) Bp. — Muscicapa minuta, Wii^s. Am. Orn. vJ, 1812, 62,
pi. 1. fig. 5. — Aud. Orn. Biog. v, pi. 434, fig. 3; B. Am. i, pi, 67.- Myiodioctes
minutus, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 293; Review, 1865, 241.— B. B. «& R. Hist, N.
Am, B, i, 1874, 316, pi, 16, fig, 2.
I. List of untenable species and races of North American birds described since 1858,
1, Helminthophaga ruficapiUa var, ocularis, B. B, & R, Hist, N, Am, B, i, 1874, 191,
(Chicago, 111.) = No. 85,
(?) 2, Helminthophaga ruficapiUa var, gutturalis, B. B, & R, Hist, N, Am. B, i, 1874,
191, (East Humboldt Mts,, Nevada; Ft, Tejon, Cal,) =No, 85?
3. Helminthophaga celata var. obscura, B, B, & R, Hist. N, Am, B, 1.1874, 192, (Geor-
gia and Florida,) =No, 86.
4. Hirundo bicolor var, vespertina, Cooper, Am, Nat, x, Feb, 1876, 91, (California.)
= No. 155.
5. Co??)/rio c/ic??i« n(/ensis, Gregg, Proc. Elmira Acad, i, 1870, 9, (New York.) =No.
148, juv.
6. Hesperiphona vespertina var. montana, Ridgw. in B, B, & R, Hist, N. Am, B, i.
1874, 449, pi, 22, fig, 4, (Southern Rocky Mts. and mountain regions of Mex-
ico.) = No. 165.
(?) 7. Loxia atrata, von Homeyer, Jour, fiir Orn. 1879, 179, (North America,)
= No, 173 ?? *
8. Leucosticte campestris, Baird, Orn, Cal, i, 1870, 163, (Colorado,) =No, 175a
(individual variation),
(?) 9, Linaria brunnescens, von Homeyer, .Jour, fiir Orn. 1879, 184. ("Lapland, Gron-
land, Schweden.")t =No. 179a?
* "Somewhat smaller than L. leucoptera, but with about the same length of wing, the tail at least
IQmm shorter. Distinguished by its coloration. The red in ground tone is nearest rhat of the "Haken-
gimpel" [Pinicola envcleator] but every wliere darker, and saturated, as it were, with black, this color
extending indefinitely both on the back as well as on the middle of the belly to the breast, as also on
the lower tail-coverts. The feet are even darker colored than in leucoptera. The wing-bands are un-
affected for the most part, although not quite so broad. This is especially seen in the first or terminal
band, which begins, scarcely visible, at the edge of the wing, and remains very inconsiderable to the
middle, then quickly expands to a great rounded spot. The extent of the second band is everywhere
much more limited than in leucoptera."
" This is decidedly not a melanism, as is shown, not alone by the character of the coloration, but by
the ocurrence of two old males exactly alike."
"My two birds came from North America." — [Translation.']
t "The dark Linnet is nearest to this species in size, but it is easily distinguished by many features.
The whole upper jiarts are blackish brown, with very narrow margins to the feathers of whitish and
rusty yellow, which, on the rump, return to the ground color ; on the sides of the head the feathers .also
have very fine, rusty white margins ; the throat-spot is very large ; the entire under parts to the mid-
dle of the belly are densely covered with many large, dark brown longitudinal streaks. Two birds
killed in Lapland, June-July (sexes not detenuined), show a tender red on the side of the head. The
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 235
Catalogue No.
10. JSgiothus fuscescens, CouES, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1861, 222. (Labrador.) =No. 179
(midsummer plumage).
11. xE(jiotlms rostmtm, CouES, 1. c. (Greenland.) =No. 179a (midsummer plumage).
12. Centronyx oclirocephalus, Aiken, Am. Nat. vii. 1873, 237. (El Paso Co., Colorado.)
= No. 191 (autumual plumage).
.13. Passo'culus caboti, B. B »& R. Hist. N. Am. B. iii. 1874, pi. xlvi. fig. 9. (Nahant,
Massachusetts.) = No. 233. IJSfot deacrihed ! \
14. Sjjizella evum, CouES, The Ibis, 1865, 118, 164. (Ft. Whipple, Ariz.) =No.
215, young.
15. Passerella obscura, Verrill, Proc. Boston Soc. ix. 1862, 153. (Anticosti I.)
=:No. 235, young.
16. Hedymeles melanocephalus var. capitalis, B. B. &c R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii. 1874, 74.
(Pacific coast of Mexico and United States.) =No. 245.
17. &Miraca ccBrwZea var. ewr%nc7ta, CouES, Am. Nat. viii. 1874, 563. (Mexico.) =No.
246.
18. Dolichonyx oryzivarus Tar. albinucha, Ridgw. Bull. Essex Inst. v. Nov. 1873, 192.
(Missouri plains to Salt Lake Valley.) =No. 257.
19. Empidonax jiygmceus, Minot, Land and Game Birds New England, 1877, — . (Near
Boston, Mass.) lAvis Jictita! ]
20. Dryobates liyloscopus, Cab. & Heine, Mus. Hein. iv. June 25, 1863, 69. (San Jo86,
Cal.) =No. 360&.
21. Dryobates homorus, Cab. & Hein. Mus. Hein. iv. June 25, 1863, 65. (California.)
= No. 361a.
22. Picus cuvieri, Malh. Mon. Pic. i. 1861, 85, pi. 22, fig. 3. (North America.) =No.
360, 9 ad.
23. Ficus turati, Malh. Mon. Pic. i. 1861, 125, pi. 29, figs. 5, 6, 7. (California and
Rocky Mountains.) = No. 361, $ ad.
24. Cliamcepelia passerina var. pallescens, Baird, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1859, 305.
(Cape St. Lucas.) =No. 465.
25. Pediocwtes kennicotti, SucKi.. Proc. Philad. Acad. 1861, 361. =No. 478.
26. Bonasa jobsii, Jaycox, Am. Nat.
27. Ibis thalassinus, Ridgw. Am. Nat. viii. Feb. 1874, 110. (Pacific coast of America,
from California to Chili.) =:No. 504, juv.
28. Ardea cyanirostris, CORY, Birds of the Bahama Islands, 1880, — . (Bahamas.)
= No. 492, breeding plumage.
29. Cygnus passmorei, Hincks, Pr. Linn. viii. 1864, 1. (Toronto, Canada.) =:No. 589,
juv.
30. Bernicla barnstoni, Ross, Canad. Nat. vii. April, 1862, — . = 594, var. ?
31. Bernicla leucolwma, MuRRY, Ediub. Phil. Jour. April, 1859, 226, pi. 4, fig. 1. = 594,
var.
32. Pelecanus occipitalis, RiGDW. Am. Sportsman, iv. 1874, 297. (Nevada.) =No.
640, adult, breeding plumage, after loss of occipital crest, the latter replaced
by dusky-grayish patch.
33. Thalasseus caspius var. imperator, CoUES, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1862, 538, in text.
(North America.) = No. 680.
34. Sterna portlandica, Ridgw. Am. Nat. viii. 1874, 433. (Portland, Maine.) =No.
687, jux\, second year
35. Sterna fuliginosa var. crissalis, Baikd, Pr. Boston Soc. xiv. 1872, 285. (Socorro
I., N. W. Mexico.) =:No. 681.
wing-bands are merely indicated. The bill is very characteristic. It is somewhat weaker at the base
than in L. hornemanni, but longer and remarkably darker in all seven specimens.
"The bird figured by Dresser on the second plate (lower figure) belongs here, and is by no means the
young of L. hornemanni, as sujjposed by Uresser."
[This description accords well in every particular with the dark summer stage oi JEgiothus linaria
holbolli, described in 1861 by Dr. Coues as JE. rostratus, the type of which came from Greenland. — H. R.J
236 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
k. List of exotic species which have been attributed to North America by various authors, but
apparently without sufficient evidence of their occurrence*
1. Anthus cervinus, Pall.— Zander, Jour, fiir Orn. Extraliefti. 1853, 64. (Aleutian
Islauds.)
2. Geothlypis cequinoctialis (Gmel.) Cabau. — Sylvia delafieldii, AxJD. Oru. Biog. v. 1839,
307 {"Oregon").— Trichas delafieldii, Aur>. B. A. Am. ii. 1841, 81, pi. 103.—
Geothlypis velaius, Baird, B. N. Am. 1859, 243; Cat. 1859, No. 171.
3. Lanius lahtora, Sykes. — Lanius elegans. Swains. Faun. Bor. Am. ii. 1831, 122
(fur countries).— NuTT. Man. ii. 1832, .566. [Not Collurio elegans, Baird.]
4. Proyne leucogastra, Baird. — P. chalybea, Cass. Illustr. 1856, 246 (California, fide
J. G. Bell).
5. Astragalinus yarrelli (And.) Caban. — Carduelis yarrelU, AuD. Synop. 1839, 117
("California"); B. Am. iii. 1841, 136, pi. 184. — Chrysomitris yarrelli, Baird,
B. Am. 1858, 421 ; Cat. 1859, No. 312.
6. Astragalinus barbatus (Mol.) . — Carduelis stanleyi, AuD. Synop. 1839, 118
("California"); B. Am. iii. 1841, 137, pi. 185. — Chrysomitris stanleyi, Baird,
B. N. Am. 1858, 420 ; Cat. 1859, No. 311.
7. Hypolia arctoa (Pall.) Eidgw. — Leucosticte orctoa, Caban. Mus. Hein. i. 1851,
154 ("Russich- America"). — Leucosticte arctous, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 430;
Cat. 1859, No. 324.
8. Carpodacus HiEMORRHOUS (Licbt.) Scl. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 417, foot-note
(Nortb America ?) ; Cat. 1859, No. 309.
9. LoxiA PITYOPSITTACUS, Bechst. — C/. Nuttall, Man. Orn. Laud Birds, ed. 1832,
537 (" bigb northern regions of America", fide Temminck).
10. '^ Zonotrichia" pileata (Bodd.) . — Frlngilla mortonii^ AuD. Orn. Biog. v. 312;
B. Am. iii. 1841, 152, pi. 190 ("Nortb California").
11. Cynchramus sehwniclus {Liinn.) Boie. — Emberiza sc/icentcZMS, NuTT. Man. Orn. Land
Birds, ed. 1832, ii. 5»6 (" vicinity of Harrisburg in Pennsylvania", fide Audu-
bon).
12. Melanocorypha calandra (Linn.) Boie. — Alauda calandra, Linn., Sw. & Rich. F.
B. A. ii. 1831, 244 ("fur countries"; spec, presented by the Hudson's Bay
Co. said to be in tbe British Museum). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 580.
13. Trupialis militaris (Linn.) Bp.— Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 533 ("California"); Cat.
1859, No. 405.
14. Icterus melanocephalus (Wagl.) Gray. — Cass. Illustr. 1856, 137, pi. 21 (Texas
and New Mexico). — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 543 (not given as Nortb Ameri-
can!); Cat. 1859, No. 410.
15. Calocitta colliei (Vig.) Finsch.—" Pica bullocUi, Wagl.", AuD. B. Am. iv. 1842,
105, pi. 229 ("woodj' portions of Nortb CaUfomia"). — Garrulus bullockii,
Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 230 ("Columbia R.").
16. Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 176 (not given as North
American) ; Cat. 1859, No. 129.
17. Lampornis violicauda (Bodd.) Elliot. — " TrocMlus mango, Linn.", AuD. Orn. Biog.
ii. 480; B. Am. iv. 1842, 186, pi. 251 ("Florida Keys"). — Lampornis mango,
Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 130 ; Cat. 1859, No. 100.
18. Campephilus imperiaeis (Gould) Gray. — Picus imperialis, AuD. Orn. Biog. v.
313; B. Am. iv. 1842. 212 ("Rocky Mountains and North California). — Cass.
Illustr. 1856, 285, pi. 49.— Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 82; Cat. 1859, No. 73.
* This list does not iuclude American species wrongly supposed by authors to be the same as Euro-
pean species, and so named, e.g. Circus "cyaneus" for C. hvdsonius, Regulus "cristatus " iov R. satrapa,
Troglodytes "parvulus" or T. " enropceus" ior T. hyemalis, etc., etc., but only those which were through
actual error (as it appe.ars) wrongly attributed to North America. Species which are most likely to
have occurred in North America are printed in small capitals; those whose occurrence would in any
case be purely accidental are printed in italics.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 237
19. Hylotomus scapuxaris (Vig.) Ridgw.—" Picus lineatue, Linn.", Aud. Orn.
Biog. V. 315; B. Am. iv. 1842, 233 ("Columbia River").
20. Stkix stridula, Linn.— /S. aluco, Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 135 (Newfoundland and
Hudson's Bay).
21. Carine noctua (Scop.) Kaup. — " Strix passenna, Linn.", Aud. Orn. Biog. t.
269. — "Siirnia paaserina, Linn.", Aud. B. Am. i. 1840, 116 ("Pictou, Nova
Scotia").
22. Speoiijto cunicrdaria (Mol.) . — Athene cunicularia, Cass, in Baird's B. N. Am.
1858, 60 ("North America, west of Rocky Mountains").
23. THALASSOiETUS PEi.AGicus (Pall.) Kaup. — Aquila pelagica, Pall. Zoogr Rosso-
As. i. 1811, 343 (Russian America, fide Steller). — Raliaetus pelagicus, Cass.
Illustr. 1856, 31, pi. 6; in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858; Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 40.
24. Sarcorhamphiis grrjplms (Linn.) Dum. — Cathartes gryphus, Bonap. Am. Orn. iv.
1833, 318, pi. 22.— NuTT. Man. i.l832, 35.
25. Gyparchus papa (Linn.) Glog. — Cathartes papa, Nutt. Man. i. 1832, 40 ("from
the 30th degree of north latitude to the 32d in the southern hemisphere").
26. Cathartes burrovianus, Cass, in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 6 ("Lower Califor-
nia"); Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 4. [C/. Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, v.
April, 1880, 83.]
27. LoPHORTYX ELEGANS (Less.) Nutt. — Ch-tyx elegans, Nutt. Man. ed. 1840, i. 792
("Upper California", /(7e Lesson).
28. BuTORiDES BRUNNESCENS (Gundl.) Baird. — Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 677 (in text);
Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 494.
29. Hcematopus atei-, Vi^ll. — Hamatopus totcnseiidii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. 1839, 247, pi.
427; B. Am. v. 1842, 245, pi. '326.— Hcematopus ater, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, 700;
Cat. 1859, No. 514.
30. "Tringa" platyrhyncha, Temm. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 114 (Arctic America,
fide Temminck and Bonaparte).
31. AcTODROMAS MiNUTA (Linu.) Kaup. — Tringa viinuta, Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii.
1831, 385 (Nelson and Hayes Rivers; "seen abundantly in the autumn"). —
Nutt. Man. ii. 1834, 119.
32. Actodromas temmincki (Leisl.) Ridgw. — Tringa temmincM, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832,
119 (Arctic America).
33. Totaxus calidris (Linn.) Bechst.— Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 391 ("Hud-
son's Bay"; spec, in British Museum). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1834, 155.
34. Heliornis fulica (Bodd.) . — H. surinamensts, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 510 ("acci-
dental visitor in the Middle States of the Union").
35. Anser segetum (Gmel.) Lonap. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 348 (Canada and Hudson's
Bay).
36. Cairina moschata (Linn.) Caban. — Anas moschata, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 403
Lower Mississippi and Gulf coast of U. S.).
37. CEdemia nigra (Linn.) Hen. — FuUgula nigra, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 423 ("coast of
the United States").
38. Mergellus albellus (Linn.) Selby. — Mergiis alhellus, Wils. Am. Orn. iii. pi.
Ixxi. tig. 4 (New England and New York; nun erous). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832,
467.— Aud. Orn. Biog. iv. 350; B. Am. vi. 1843, 4U8, pi. 414 ("Lake Bara-
taria, not far from New Orleans").
39. Phalacrocorax graculus (Linn.) Leach.— Nutt. Mau. ii. 1832, 484 ("South
of Greenland " ; United States in winter).
40. Phalaci'ocorax pygma'us, Pall. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 487 (Northern North Amer-
ica, fide Bonaparte).
41. Phalacrocorax africanus (Gmel.) Dumont. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 488 ("United
States", fide Audubon).
42. Larus fuscus, Linn. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 302 (Greenland, Newfoundland, and
Hudson's Bay).
238 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
43. Larus capistratus, Temm. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 290 (Delaware R. and Chesa-
peake Bay).
44. Larus minutus, Pall. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 426 (given on Sabine's
authority). — Nutt. Man. ii. 18J2, 289. — Chroicocephalus minutus, Lawr. in
Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 853.— Baird, Cat. 18.59, No. 671.
45. DiOMEDEA EXULANS, Linn. — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 340 (" accidentally to the coasts
of the central part of the Union"). — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 821. —
Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 630.
46. PoDiCEPS cristatus (Linn.) Lath. — Sw. & Rich. F. B. A. ii. 1831, 410 (throngh-
ont fur countries). — Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 250. — Lawr. in Baird's B. N. Am.
1858, 893.— Baird, Cat. 1859, No. 703.
47. Tachybaptes minor (Linn.) Coues. — Fodiceps minor, Nutt. Man. ii. 1832, 257
(Hudson's Bay).
I. Partial list of foreign birds wliich have been introduced to the United States, and those
which have been captured after escape from, confinement.
species introduced with a view to their naturalization.*
1. Passer domesticus (Linn.) Leacli. European House Sparrow. The attempted
naturalization of tMs Inrd has proved decidedly successful. The case is so
notorious that further comment is unnecessary.
2. Passer MONTANUS (Linn.) Stephens. European Tree Sparrow. Has become nat-
uralized in the vicinity of Saint Louis, Mo., but the history of its introduction
is unknown. (See Merrill, Bull. Nutt. Om. Club.),
4. Alauda arvensis, Linn. Skylark. Partially naturalized in the vicinity of Cin-
cinnati, on Loug Island, and perhaps other localities.
5. COTURNix COMMUNIS (Linn.) Bonn. European Quail. Introduced to various local
ities in the Eastern United States, and partially naturalized.
species which have been CAPTURED AFTER ESCAPE FROM CONFINEMENT. t
1. Amadina rubro-nigra, . Brunswick, Maine, March, 1879; Leslie A. Lee.
(Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, April, 1880, 119.) Eab. ludia.
2. Crithagra butyracea, . South Scituate, Mass., in midwinter. (Brewer,
Proc. Bost. Soc. XX. 271.) Hab. South Africa.
3. LiGURiNUS CHLORis (Linn.) Koch. Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y., March 19, 1878; R.
B. Hough. (C/. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, 119.) Sa6. Europe.
4. Carduelis elegans, Steph. Eastern Massachusetts, many captures. (Allen,
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, Apr. 1880, 120.) Hab. Europe.
5. Serinus meridionalis, Brehm. Western Massachusetts, in winter. (Allen, L
c.) Hab. Europe.
6. Corvus frugilegus, Linn. Washington, D. C, August, lf79.
An example of this species was seen by me in August, 1879, in the grounds of tlie Agricul-
tural Department in Washington. It was perched in a maple tree near one of the outbuild-
ings, was very tame, and flevr laboriously, as if very recently escaped ft'om confinement. I
am, as yet, ignorant of the history of this specimen, nor have I since seen it.
' 7. CONURUS xanthogenius, Bp. Hab. St. Thomas, West Indies.
An example of this species, shot in a grove near Washington, by Dr. D. W. Prentiss, is in
the National Museum collection. Of course it was an escaped cage-bird.
8. Chenalopex ^gyptiaca (Linn.) Steph. Camarsie, Long Island, Jan. 3, 1877.
(Akhurst, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, ii. Apr. 1877, 52.) Hah. Southern Europe
and Africa.
* This list does not include domesticated birds.
tThis list is, of course, very incomplete ; it includes merely a few species, the records of whose cap-
ture I happen to have at hand. A more complete list would be desirable, but want of time forbids
its compilation in the present connection.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239
Table of families of North American birds, showing number of genera and species of each
according to the foregoing catalogue*
Number of
tlie cata-
Number
of gen-
Number of spe-
logue.
era.
1-18
8
18 +
8 =
26
19
1
1
20
1
1
21-24
2
4
25-26
2
2
27-34
3
8 +
1 =
9
35
1
1
3(3-50
4
15 +
3 =
18
51-54
1
4 +
1 =
5
55
1
1 +
1 =
2
56-68
9
13 +
9 =
21
69-73
4
5
74-134
18
61 +
8=:
69
135-147
3
13 +
3 =
16
148-149
1
2 +
2 =
4
150-151
1
2
152-158
6
7 +
1 =
8
159
1
1
160-164
2
5 +
1 =
6
165-256
36
91 + 35 =
126
257-278
8
22 +
5 =
27
279
1
1
280-298
9
19 +
7 =
26
299-300
2
a +
2 =
4
301-331
11
31 +
2 =
33
332-333
2
2
334-348
10
15
349-352
3
4
353-358
5
6 +
2 =
8
359-380
10
22 +
10 =
32
381
1
1
382-383
1
2
384
1
1
385-390
3
6
391-393
2
3
394-411
12
18 +
11 =
29
412-452
23
41 + 12 =
53
453-455
3
3
456-468
10
13
469
1
1
470
1
1 +
1 =
2
471-479
6
9 +
7 =:
16
480-485
5
6 +
3 =
9
486-498
11
13
499-500
2
2
501-504
2
4
505
1
1
506-508
1
3
509-511
2
3
512-523
7
12 +
2 =
14
524-562
21
39 +
4 =
43
563-565
3
3
566-567
2
2
568
1
1
569-580
6
12 +
2 =
14
581
1
1
582-584
1
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
3i.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
Turclidse
Cinclidae
[Lusciiiidse]
Saxicolidte
Ptilogonatid^ .
SylviidjB
Chamceidw
Paridaj
Sittidte
CerthiidiB
TrogloGytidfe
Motacillidre
Mniotu.tid^ . ..
ViREONIDiE
LauiidjB
Ampelidfe
Hirundiuidse
CiEREBID/E
TANAGEID.E
Fringillidte
ICTERID^
[Stiirnidai]
Corvidi©
[Alaudidte]
TYRANNIDyE
CoTIjS GID^E
Trochilid^e
Cypselidie
Caprimulgidaj —
Picidie
Momotid.e
AlcedinidiB
Trogouidie
Cuculid.-e
Psittacidie
Strigidaj
Falconidi©
Cathartid^
ColnmbidiB
CRACIDyE ,..
Meleagrid^ . ..
Tetraonid;e
PerdicidiB
Ardeidae
Cicouiidae
IbididiTB
Plataleida}
H.'puiatopodidae .
Strepsilidiie
Charadriidse
Scolopacid;e
Phalaiopodidaj . .
RecurvirostridaB
Parridte
Rallida^. .
Aramid^
Gruidaj
* ramilies peculiar to America in small capitals; peculiar to North America in italics. Palsearctic
I'limilics not represuntcd liy a peculiar species in America arc placed in brackets.
t The figures following the sign + denote the number of recognized races not distinguished by a sep-
arate number in the catalogue; those iu the last column the total of species and races.
240 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
TaMe of families of North American birds — Continued.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
Phcenicopteridse . .
Anatidae
TachypetidsB .
PelecanidsB
Phalacrocoracidaj
Plotida3
Sularidse
Phaetliontidae . . . ,
Rbyncliopsidae ...
LaridsB
StercorariidsB
Procellariidae
Podi cipitidiB
Colymbidse
Alcidse
Number of
the cata-
logue.
585
586-638
639
640-641
642-648
649
650-653
654-655
656
657-695
696-699
700-728
729-735
736-740
741-764
Number
of gen-
era.
1
30
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
2
15
5
1
14
Number of spe-
cies.
.53+ 6= 59
1
2
7+ ;
1
4
2
1
39 -f 1
4
29+ 2= 31
7+ 1= 8
5
24+ 3= 27
10
41
SUMMARY.
Number of genera
Number of species
Number of subspecies
379
764
160
CONCORDANCE.
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
alogue.
aloeue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
1
454
35
427
69
387
102
336
135
315
167
74
2
453
36
428
70
388
103
340
136
316
167a
74a
3
455
37
429
71
386
104
339
137
318
168
88
4
—
38
430
72
359
105
338
138
321
169
75
5
414
39
449
73
—
106
337
139
320
170
122
6
414
40
—
74
360
107
349
140
325a
171
7
417
41
451
75
360&
108
350
141
325
172
120
8
415
42
452
76
361
109
351
142
326
173
121
9
419
43
451
77
361a
110
352
143
324
174
118
10
413
44
425
78
364
111
353
144
322
175
119
11
412
45
423
79
363
112
354
144a
323
176
123
12
412a
46
434
80
362
113
355
145
327
177
123a
13
420 1
47
394
81
366
114
357
146
328
178
77
14
433
48
405
82
367
115
357a
147
330
179
76
15
431
49
402
83
368
116
358
148
1
180
79
16
431
50
402&
84
368a
116a
356
149
56
181
81
17
432
51
395
85
369
117
382
149a
5a
182
78
18
442
52
398
86
369a
118
383
1.50
5
183
85
19
442
53
399
87
369ft
119
381
151
2
183a
84
20
436&
54
397
88
370
120
333
152
4
184
86
21
442
55
400
89
370
121
332
1.53
4a
185
87
22
438
56
401
90
371
122
302
154
3
186
115
23
436
57
401
91
372
123
301
155
7
187
116
24
4366
58
408
92
373
124
304
156
9
188
117
25
439
59
408
93
374
125
303
157
21
189
107
26
439a
60
409
94
375
126
306
158
22
190
109
27
443
61
406
95
377
127
307
159
23
191
108
28
442
62
407
96
376
128
305
160
24
192
105
29
437
63
392
97
378
129
161
30
193
94
30
447
64
391
98
3786
130
312
162
33
194
95
31
447
65
384
98«
378a
131
313
163
32
195
96
32
448
66
389
99
379
132
311
164
19
196
102
S3
445
67
389
100
—
133
314
165
71
197
100
34
426
68
385
1 101
335
134
317
166
73
198
111
PEOCEEDINGS OF TJNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Concordance — Continued.
241
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. ol
No. of
old cat-
new cat-
old <iat-
new cat-
ol.i cat-
Tiew cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
alogue.
alogue.
112
alogue.
alogue.
alague.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
ttlogue.
199
259
15
318
172
378
254
440
295
500
503
*200
99
259ft
15
318a
172a
' 379
255
441
294
500a
.504
201
98
260
13a
319
173
1 380
244
442
296
501
505
202
101
261
13
320
179
381
245
443
297
502
203
93-
261a
13
321
178
382
246
444
288
503
515
204
97
262
56
322
175
383
247
445
45G
504
516
205
110
2(53
59a
323
174
384
251
446
457
505
523
206
90
264
58
324
—
385
250
447
458
506
522
207
91
265
60
325
186
386
249
448
459
507
517
208
113
266
60ft
326
187
387
248
449
462
508
520
209
103
267
61
327
188
388
252
450
464
509
521
210
114
268
67
328
189
389
243
451
460
510
513
211
124
269
68
329
189
1 390
244
452
466
511
511
212
126
270
63
330
190
391
237
453
465
512
507
2l:J
125
271
63ft
331
191
, 392
238fe
454
467
513
508
214
127
272
63
332
193a
i 393
238
455
468
514
215
127
273
65
333
193
i 394
238ft
456
469
515
509
216
132
274
35
334
194
395
241
457
470a
516
510
217
128 i
275
55
335
193&
39(5
240ft
458
470
517
566
218
129 !
276
55ft
336
196
397
240
459
471
518
567
219
130 1
277
51
337
197
398
239
460
472
519
565
220
161
278
51ft
338
198
399
257
461
472a
520
564
221
164
279
52
339
199
4(J0
258
462
479
521
563
222
163
280
53
340
200
401
261
463
478a
522
.525
223
162
281
54
341
201
402
261ft
464
477
523
526a
224
160
282
27
342
202
403
262
465
473
524
527
225
154
283
28
343
231(^
404
2(50
465a
473ft
525
527a
226
153
284
29
344
204
405
—
4(5(5
4731)
526
.529
227
155
285
36
345
206
1 406
263
467
474
.527
535
228
156
286
37
346
207a
1 407
264
468
475
528
530
229
157
287
38
347
208
\ 408
265
469
476
529
540
230
158
288
39
348
205
: 409
266
470
475
530
539a
231
152
289
41ft
349
209
: 410
—
471
480
531
534
231ft
152«
289ft
41ft
350
222
411
268
472
4806
532
538
232
150
290
41
351
221
: 412
267
473
481
533
536
233
151
291
41&
352
218
1 413
269
474
482
534
542
234
26
292
43
353
220
414
270
475
483
535
.541
235
25
293
42
354
S17
415
271
476
484
536
.528
236
148
294
40
355
224
416
272
477
485
537
552
237
149
295
46
356
225
417
273
478
582
538
547
238
149ft
296
45
357
210
418
274
479
583
539
548
239
297
49
358
214
419
275
480
584
540
549
240
135
298
47
359
211
420
277
481
581
541
550
241
136
299
48
360
212
421
278
482
491
542
553
242
300
50
361 ■
213
422
278«
483
491
.543
557
243
137 '
301
159
362
215
423
280
484
492
544
554
244
138
302
300
363
331
424
280
485
490
.545
555
245
139
303
165
364
231&
425
281
486
489
546
556
246
145
304
16(5
365
231c
426
282
486a
489
547
553
247
142
305
168
366
231(Z
427
282a:
487
487
548
545
248
143
306
168a
367
231a
428
282&
488
486
549
558
249
144 !
307
169
368
234
429
283
489
486 '
550
559
250
141 !
308
170
369
233
430
284
490
493
551
560
251
141ft,
2U9
—
370
226
431
285
491
498
552
569
252
140
301
184
:571
228
432
286
492
497
553
.571
253
11
311
—
372
230
433
287 ^
493
494
554
572
253ft
11 1
312
—
373
236
434
289 :
494
—
555
574
254
12
313
181
374
235
435
290 i
495
495
5.56
.576
255
10
314
182
375
235a
436
290c
496
496 1
557
.575
256
16 1
315
182a
37(5
235o
437
293
497
500
558
577
257
16«!
316
183
376rt
235&
438
292
498
502
559
Z8(i
258
17
T*rf>r»
317
Tsrfl± T
185
Una «
377
{\ 1
256
439
291 1
499
501
560
57$
Sept. 1, S8SO
242 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Concordance — Continued.
No. of
No. ol
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
No. of
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
old cat-
new cat-
alogue.
•
alogue.
alogue.
aloBue.
alogue-
alogue.
alogae.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
alogue.
561
578
589
615
620
642
651
706
681
679
710
741
561a
588
590
616
621
648
652
696
682
680
711
742
562
589
591
618
622
6436
653
697
683
681
712
745
563
591
592
617
623
643
654
698
684
682
713
744
563a
591a
593
620
624
643a
655
699
685
683
714
743a
564
590
594
619
625
644
656
6()0
686
685
715
743
565
593a
595
621
626
645
657
662
687
684
716
745
566
593a
596
622
627
646
658
661
688
681
717
746
567
594
597
623
628
649
659
662
689
686
718
746
567a
594c
598
625
629
654
660
663
690
687
719
748
568
594&
599
626
630
—
661
664a
691
685
720
748
569
594a
600
624
631
701
662
664
692
688
721
749
570
595
601
632
632
702
663
668
693
687
722
750
571
596
602
633
633
703
664
669
694
690
723
750
572
597
603
633
634
704
1 664a
670
695
693
724
751
573
598
^604
630
635
705
i 665
670
696
695
725
747
574
599
605
632
636
705a
1 666
672
697
656
1 726
760
575
600
606
627a
637
706
\ 667
673
698
736
727
761
576
601
607
628
638
717
I 668
674
699
738
728
762
577
602
608
629
639
719
■ 669
674
700
739
729
763
578
605
609
634
: 640
726
: 670
675
.701
740
730
763
579
612
610
635
: 641
727
; 671
—
702
731
731
764
580
611
611
636
I 642
723
: 672
658
703
732
755
581
609
612
637
1 643
724
i 673
674
703a
731
733
755
582
610
613
638
! 644
722
i 674
659
704
729
734
759
583
608
614
—
j 645
72]
! 675
659
705
730
735
756
584
604
615
640
646
728
i 676
657
706
732
736
753
585
607
616
641
647
709
677
657
707
733a
737
754
586
606
617
650
648
714
678
676
708
733
738
752
587
613
618
652
649
711
679
678
708a
734
588
614
619
639
650
712
680
677
709
735
1.
INDEX TO THE GENERA.
[The numbers refer to the first species of each genus in the catalogue.]
A.
Accipiter 431
Actodromas 533
^cbmopliorns 729
^gialitis 517
^giothus 178
JEsalou 416
AgeltEus 261
Aix 613
Ajaja 505
Alauda 299
Alca 741
AUe 752
Aluco 394
Amazilia 345
Auuiiodromus 201
Ampelis 150
Aiuiihispiza 224
Anas 601
Anorthura 65
Anous 695
Anser 593
Anteuor 434
Anthus 71
Antrostomus 353
Aphelocoma 291
Aphriza 511
Aqiiila : 449
Aramus 581
Archibuteo 447
Ardea 486
Ardetta 498
Arquatella 530
Asio 395
Astragalinus 181
Astiir 433
Asturina 445
Atthis 342
Auriparus 50
Aythya 617
B.
Bartramia 555
Basileuterus 133
Paget
Basilinna 347
Bernicla 594
Bonasa 473
Botaurus 497
Brachyrhampliiis 755
Bubo 405
Budytes 70
Buteo .^ 435
Butorides 494
C.
Calamospiza 256
Calidris 542
Callipepla 484
Calotborax 344
Calypte 337
Caiupepbilus 359
Camptohiimus 624
Campy lorbyncbus 56
Cauace 471
Caprimulgus 354
Cardellina 131
Caidiualis 242
Carpodacus 158
Catharista 455
Catbartes 454
Catberpes 59
Centrocerciis , 479
Centronyx 191
Centropbanes 187
Centurus 372
Ceratorbina 746
Certbia 55
Certbiobi 159
Ceryle 382
CbcEtura 351
Cbamrea 35
Cbanifepelia 465
Cbaradiins 514
Cbaiilelasmus 604
Cbeu 590
Cbondestes 204
Cbordeiles 357
Cbrysomitris 184
243
244 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Page.
Ciceronia 750
Ciuclus 19
Circus 430
Cistothorus 08
Clangula 619
Coccyzus 386
Colaptes 378
Columba 456
Colymbiis 736
Contopus 318
Coniirus 392
Corvus 280
Cotile 157
Coturniculus 198-
Creagnis 678
Crex 577
Crotophaga. . .^ 389
Cupidonia 477
Cyauecula 20
Cyanocitta 289
Cymochorea 723
Cypseloides 350
Cypselus 349
C jrtouyx 485
D.
Dafila 605
Daption 719
Dendrocygua 599
Deudiceca 93
Dichromaiiassa 491
Diomedea 700
Dolichouyx 257
Dytes 732
E.
Ectopistes 459
EugjT)ti]a 463
Elanoides 426
Elanus 427
Embernagra 236
Empidouax 324
Eremophila 300
Erevmetes 541
Ergaticus 132
Erismatura 634
Eudocimus 501
Eugenes 334
Enphouia 160
F.
Falco 414
Florida 493
Fratercula 743
Fiegetta . 728
Fulica 580
Fulix 614
Fulniariis 705
Page.
G.
Galeoscoptes 12
Gallinago 526
Galliuula 579
Garzetta 490
Geococcyx 385
Geothlypis 120
Geotrygon 467
Glaucidium 409
Grus 582
Guiraca 246
Gy mnocitta 285
H.
Hferaatopns 506
Hadrostoraus 333
Haliseetus 451
Halocyptena 720
Harelda 623
Harporhynchus 13
Helniiuthopbaga 78
Helmitherus 77
Helonsea 76
Herodias 489
Hesperipboua 165
Hesperocicbla 9
Heteroscehis 553
Hierofalco 412
Himantopiis 567
Hiruudo 154
Histriouicus 622
Hydranassa 492
Hydrocbelidon 693
Hylocicbla 1
Hylotomus 371
I.
lacbe 348
Icteria 123
Icterus 265
Ictiuia 428
lonomis 578
J.
Jiuico 216
L.
Lagopus 474
Lampronetta 626
Lauiiis 148
Lanivireo 140
Larus 660
Leucosticte 174
Limosa 543
Lobipes 564
Lomvia 764
Lojjbody tes 638
Lopbophaues 36
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245
rage.
Loplior tyx 482
Loxiii 172
Lunda 745
M.
Machetes 554
Macroi'haiuplius 5'27
Mareca 606
Megalestris 698
Melanerpes 375
Melauetta 631
Meleagris 470
Melopelia 464
Melospiza 231
Mergiis 636
Meriila 7
Micratlieue 411
Micropalama 528
Milvalus 301
Mimus 11
Mniotilta 74
Molothrus 258
Momotus 381
Motacilla 69
Mycteria 499
Myladestes 25
Myiarchus 311
Myiodiuastes 310
Mylozetetes 309
N.'
Neocorys 73
Nettion 611
Nomouyx 635
Numeuius 558
Nyctalc 400
Nyctea 407
Nyctlierodhis 496
Nyctiardea 495
Nyctidromiis 356
O.
Oceauites 722
Oceanodronia 726
Oehthodromus 522
CEdemia 630
CEstrelata 717
Olor 584
Ouychotes 446
Opororuis 118
Oreortyx 481
Oreoscoptes 10
Oruithiou 331
Ortalis 469
Ortyx 480
Ossifraga 704
Oxyechus 516
Page.
P.
Pacliy rliainphus 332
Pagopliila 657
Paudiou 425
Parra 568
Pariila 88
Parus 40
Passerculus 192
Passerella 235
Passeriua 247
Pedi(ecetes 478
Pelecauus --. 640
Pelidua 539
Peliouetta 633
Perisoreiis 297
Perissogiossa 90
Petrochelidou 153
PeuciBa 226
Peuccdramiis 92
Phatitlion 654
Phaiu()pei)la 26
Pbalacrocorax 642
Phala!UOj>tilu8 355
Phalaropus 563
Phaleris 747
Philacte 598
Philohela ^25
Plicebetria 703
Plioftuicopterus 583
Phouipara 253
Phylloscoims 34
Pica 286
Picicorvus 284
Picoides 367
Picus 360
Pinicola 166
Pipilo 237
Pitaugus 308
Plectrophaues 186
Plegadis 503
Plotus 649
Podasocys 523
Podiceps 731
Podilyiulnis 735
Polioptila 27
Polyborus 423
Polysticta 625
Pocecetes 197
Porzaua 573
Priocella 706
Priofiuiis 707
Procellaria 721
Progne 152
Protouotaria 75
Psaltriparns 47
Pseudogryphus 453
246 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Page.
Psilorliiuus 288
Ptycorliaiuphiis 751
Piiffiuus - . . - 708
PyiaDga 161
Pyirliula 167
Pyrrbuloxia 243
Pyroceplialus 330
Q.
Querquediila 609
Quiscalus 275
E.
Rallus 569
Recurvirostra 566
Regiilus 30
Rhodostetliia 670
Rliyacophilus 550
Rhynchofalco 419 '
Rliynchophaaes 190
Rhyucliops 656
Eliyucliopsitta 391
Rissa 658
Rostrhamus 429
S.
Salpinctes 58
Saxicola 21
Sayoruis 315
Scardafella ,466
Scolecophagus 273
Scolopax 524
Scops 402
Selaspliorus 339
Setopliaga 128
Sialia 22
Simorhynclius 748
Sitta 51
Siurus 115
Somateria 627
Spatula 608
Speotyto 408
Spermophila 252
Spbyrapicus 369
Spiza 254
Spizella 210
jf^iuatarola 513
Staruoeuas 468
Stegauopus 565
^telgidopteryx 158
Stellula 343
Stercorarius 697
Sterna 679
Strepsilas 509
Page.
Strix 397
Sturnella 263
Sturnus 279
Sula 650
Surnia 407
Sympheniia 552
Synthliborhamplius 753
T.
Tachybaptes 734
Tacbycineta 155
Tacbypetes 639
Tantalus 500
Telmatody tes 67
Tbrasaetus 450
Tbryomaues 61
Tbryotborus 60
Tiununculus 420
Totauus 547
Triuga 529
Tringoides 557
Trocbilus 335
Troglodytes 63
Trogon 384
Tryngites 556
Turdus G
Tyranuus 303
U.
Ulula 399
Uria 760
Urubitinga 444
Utamauia 742
V.
Vauellus 512
Vireo 142
Vireosylvia.... 135
W.
Wilsouia 124
X.
Xantboceiibalus 260
Xautbura 296
Xeuua 677
Xeuojiicus 366
Z.
Zauielodia 244
Zemeda 462
Zeuaidura 460
Zouotricbia 205
PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 247
ON THE IDEIVTITV OF THE OEIVITS I.E VRVBTIVIS, r.OCKIIVOTOIV,
U^ITH I.VCODOPSIS, COtiLETT.
By THEODORE C^ILL.
Tn the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1879
(at pp. 380-381) Mr. Robert Collett has iiublished a communication ''On
a fish of the genus Lycodes from the Pacific." The article was read at
the meeting held April 1, 1879, and published in the part (II) issued
August 1, 1879.
In this article Mr. Collett describes at length the species referred to,
under the name Lycodes pacijicvs^ and gives a figure of the head and
anterior part of the body. The diagnosis is as follows:
"Vomerine and palatine teeth none. Coloration uniform yellowish
grey. The body is scaly, the head and pectorals naked. The head is
contained four and six-tenths, the height of the body nine times, in the
total length. Lateral line very indistinct.
"M. B. 6; D. (circa) 92; A. 71; C. (circa) I, 1 ; P. 18.
"5^a?;.— Japan {Mus. Berol.y
At the end of the description Mr. Collett expresses the following
opinion :
" The absence of vomerine and palatine teeth, a character quite peculiar
to the species, will perhaps necessitate its removal to a separate genus,
for which I propose the name Lycodopsis.''^
In the Proceedings of the United States National Museum for 1879
(at pp. 326-332) Mr, W. N. Lockington has given " Descriptions of new
genera and species of fishes from the coast of California." The signature
in which it ai^pears was issued March 25, 1880.
In this article Mr. Lockington describes what is considered to be a
new generic type, under the name Lenrynnu paucidens. The diagnosis
of the geiuis is as follows:
" Generic cliaracters. — Family Zoarcidcc, allied to Lycodes. Ventral
fins present, short; no teeth on vomer and palatines; dorsal and anal
fins continued without interruption around the tail; scales small, but
evident. The name is from Xsupd:; — smooth; u^^i^ — vomer, in allusion to
the character Avhich chiefly distinguishes the genus from Lycodes.''^
Selecting characters to compare with those mentioned in Mr. Collett's
diagnosis, we have the following:
"No vomerine or palatine teeth. — Color olivaceous, the scales lighter
than the skin ; the color formed by numerous dark points, which are
continued also iipon the head. L^pper surface of head darker, abdom'-
inal surface lighter than other jjortions. Vertical fins margined with
black. — Scales roundish, smooth, sei^arate, imbedded in the skin, uniform
over the whole of the body, except upon an area on the upper surface in
front of the dorsal, where they are smaller, and region near base of
pectorals scaleless. Head scaleless — the ridges somewhat prominent. —
248 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Length of head 4J-4| times in the total length. — Greatest depth of body
from a little more than ten to a little less than eleven times. — Ko lateral
line."
M. B. C; D. 90; A. 70; P. 18.
As will be thus seen, the two fishes are certainly congeneric, and are
evidently very closely related. Even the slight discrepancies are appar-
ently such (as in the case of the color) as result from difference of inter-
pretation of the same characters. The vertical fins in the Californian
form, however, are distinctly said to be "margined with black," while
in the Japanese form it is at least implied that they are not. It is quite
probable, nevertheless, that even these alleged differences may be found
to be rather of degree than of kind. In view, however, of the difference
of distribution, it is reasonable to suppose that the two forms will be
found to be distinct, and, as the genus appears to be perfectly valid, they
will rank as species, with the following names :
1. Lycodopsis pacipicus.
Lycodcs pacificus Collett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loudon, 1879, p. 381.
Hah. — Japan.
2. Lycodopsis paucldens.
Leurynnis paucidens Lockington, Proc. U. S. Nat. Miis. 1879, p. 326.
Hah. — California.
OE.SCRIPTIOIV OF A IVEW CHIROID FISH, ITIVRIOLFPI.S ZOIVIFER,
FROIYI OTOIVTEREir RAY, CAI.IFORIVIA.
By \r. W. LOCKIWOTOl^.
Myriolepis, gen. nov. (CMrid(v).
Body oblong, rather stout; mouth moderate; cardiform teeth in both
jaws, shghtly larger anteriorly ; no canines ; teetli on vomer and pala-
tines; preopercle entire ; no spines about the head. Gill-openings sep-
arated by a narrow isthmus ; gill-rakers short. Brauchiostegals seven.
Pseudobranchiie present. Dorsal fins two, united at base, the first with
about 14 rather stiff spines, the second with as many soft rays. Anal
short, of about 13 rays, without distinct spine. Scales very small,
ctenoid, covering the whole surface of the body and head and the greater
portion of all the fins except the first dorsal. Lateral line single.
Etymology: /wptav, myriad; /£?r(c, scale.
This genus bears little resemblance to any of the previously known
CMridw, its general ai)pearance being quite Serranoid. It has, however,
a bony stay connecting the suborbital and preoi)erculum, and possesses
the technical characters of the Chiridw, in which group it should form
a distinct subfamily, differing especially in the shorter anal fin without
distinct spines.
Myriolepis zonifer, sp. nov.
Lower jaw slightly projecting; snout to summit of ascending process
of premaxillaiy inclined backwards at about 45^ ; forehead slightly con-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 249
1
cave longitudinally; dorsal outline, from occiput to caudal peduncle,
regularly arched, the highest point at anterior part of hrst dorsal;
mandible straight; abdominal outline regularly curved.
Greatest depth o^ times, depth of caudal peduncle 12, length of
head 3j^o) length of i^ectoral 4^ in total length to extremity of caudal
fin; orbit (longitudinal diameter) 5i, mandible 2^, interorbital width
about 2^f, in length of head.
Gax)e straight, maxillary extending to a little in front of the center of
the pupil, its uj^per edge received in a groove below the preorbital for
most of its length.
Teeth of mandibles and intermaxillaries slender, sharp, recurved; in
several rows in front, gradually diminishing laterally to a single row ;
front teeth slightly longer than lateral teeth. A few similar but smaller
teeth on vomer and v)alatines. Upper pharyngeals with a cushion of
similar teeth; lower pharyngeals slender, with a patch of similar teeth
in the form of a very obtuse triangle, the internal row largest.
Gillrakers short, ciliated, those on the anterior aspect of the first x)air
of gill-arches longer than the others.
BranchiostegaU" seven ; gill-membranes continuous below, but attached
to an isthmus throughout the entire length of their junction except the
posterior margin.
Nostrils just above a line joining the upi)er margin of the orbit with
the tip of the snout, simple, elliptical, the i^osterior far the larger.
Eyes lateral, subelliptical, the upper margin of the orbit less curved
than the lower; interorbital space wide, slightly convex transversely.
Longitudinal diameter of orbit 1^ in length of snout.
Oi^ercular bones without spines or denticulations.
Pectoral base vertical ; pectoral broadly lanceolate, the upper margin
curved; 5th ray longest; 4th, Gth, 7th, and 8th only slightly shorter,
thence diminishing rapidly downwards. Tip of liectoral about vertical
with base of 11th ray of spinous dorsal, but considerably short of the
vent. Rays twice branched.
Ventrals inserted a little behind pectorals, their length If in that of
the pectorals. Rays twice bifurcate.
Spinous dorsal commencing about opposite 20th scale of lateral line;
first spine very short ; 2d and 3d raj)idiy increasing ; 4th longest ; thence
diminishing regularly to 12th ; 13th and 14th directed backwards, hori-
zontal, their points only free ; 15th spine at base of 1st soft ray.
Third ray of soft dorsal longest, thence diminishing regularly ; rays
sj)lit up at tips.
Anal commencing about oj)posite base of 7th ray of 2d dorsal, and
preceded by two weak spines hidden in membrane. First soft ray
longest ; rays split at tips.
Caudal with many accessory rays and about sixteen principal rays, so
that its lateral margins are convex ; posterior border somewhat emargi-
nate ; rays much divided at tijjs.
250 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Lateral line contiuiious to end of caudal peduncle, not very conspic-
uous; tubes simple. From its origin to above the pectoral it curves
downwards, tbence follows parallel to the dorsal outline till it reaches
the caudal peduncle, along which it is median.
Scales of body small, stronglj^ ctenoid, larger upon hinder part of
trunk and on caudal peduncle than anteriorly, and smallest on head and
under pectoral base. Scales elongate, almost rectangular, but with the
free margin convex, imbedded portion striated. Entire surface of gill-
covers, branchiostegal rays, mandibles, maxillaries, preorbitals, and
snout scaly, the only scaleless portions being the lips and the portions
of the gill-membrane folded up between the rays. A shallow, scaleless
groove at sides of 1st dorsal.
The vertical fins, except the spinous dorsal, covered almost to the tips
of the rays with similar but smaller scales, and the paired fins similarly
covered on their exterior surfaces.
A band of small scales along some of the anterior spines of the 1st
dorsal.
Dorsal region and head, to the level of the upper margin of maxillary
and of pectoral fin, black ; four broad transverse black stripes between
pectorals and caudals.
The spaces between these bands, the abdomen, and the lower part of
the head white.
The 1st band is at about the center of the length of the pectoral, and
fades out level with the lower margin of that fin ; the 2d is anterior to
the vent, and almost encircles the body; the 3d continues to the anal
base,' but is much lighter on its lower portion ; while the 4th encircles
the caudal i)ed uncle.
A 5th but narrower black band encircles the caudal base, and two
black bands cross the caudal, the posterior one broadest ; rest of caudal
white. All the other fins banded or blotched irregularly with black and
white, the former predominating. The ctenoid tips of thg scales are white.
I have onl}' seen a single specimen of this fish. Before the description
was written it was exposed to alcohol for about two mouths.
It was obtained in San Francisco market August, 1879, and was taken
in Monterey Bay.
In ax)pearance it somewhat resembles some of the small-scaled Serra-
nid(€ or Rhypticidcv. The presence of a suborbital stay, however, shows
that its atfinities are really with the Ghiridw.
Dimensions of type {No. United States National Musnem).
Inches.
Total leugth, to tip of caudal 11.75
Greatest depth, about 3.25
Greatest thickuess, at opercles 1.72
Depth of caudal peduncle, about .9H
Leugth of head 3.02
luterorbital width 1.05
Leugth of snout .77
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251
Inches.
Lougitu linal diameter of orljit .58
Length of lower jaw, in straight line 1.42
Length of upper jaw, in straight line 1.1.")
Tip of snout to insertion of pectoral, about ;{.00
Tip of snout to origin of dorsal, along axis of fish 3.62
Tip of snout to origin of dorsal, along dorsal profile 4.03
Tip of snout to origin of anal, along axis of lish (5.45
Tip of lower jaw to insertion of ventrals, along abdominal profile 3.,32
Width of pectoral base .90
Length of pectorals 2.40
Length of ventrals 1.50
Length of base of 1st doi'sal to Xllth spine 2.08
Height of longest (4th) dorsal spine 1.25
Length of base of 2d dorsal 2.80
Height of longest (od) ray of dorsal 1.44
Length of base of anal 1.62
Height of longest (1st) ray of anal 1.38
Fin formula.— B. 7; D. XII + 11, yV; ^- A) P- 18; V. i; C. lat.
line circa 128-134.
»£»>iCRIPTIOIV ©F A NE^V SPECIES OF KAY, RAIA RIIIIVA, FROm
THE COAST OF CALIFORIVIA.
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARL.ES H. OILBERT.
Raia rhina, sp. uov.
Disk rather broader than long, the snout very sharp and long-acumi-
nate. Outer angle of pectoral sharp ; posterior edge of pectoral nearly
straight. Region from i)ectoral angle to snout slightly convex, then
almost uniformly and strongly concave to near the tip of the snout, which
tapers to a sharp point. A straight line from the snout to the tip of the
pectoral passes far from the edge of the disk. Length of snout nearly
four times the interorbital width.
Interorbital space quite narrow, very little concave, somewhat depressed
in the middle, i^^asal ridges separated for more than half theu* length.
Supraocular ridges slightly elevated. Eyes larger and much longer than
spiracles. Ventral fins deeply emarginate. Caudal fin reduced to a
small fold. Dorsal fins moderate, rather close together, the interspace
less than the base of the fin.
Female with the spines on the body moderately strong, arranged as
follows :
Five or six rather strong spines above the eyes. Two in front of the
center of the back. None along the middle line of the back until oppo-
site the posterior end of the ventrals^ where a median series begins on the
tail. A lateral caudal series on each side, and two or thi%e long shaVp
spines between the dorsal fins.
Roughnesses on the skin above rather large, shari)-pbinted, and evi-
dently stellate. Those on the snout especially conspicuously stellate
and larger than the otheis. These prickles are everywhere present on the
252 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
upper parts of the body, but they are not e^^euly distributed, and in
most regions they are placed quite wide apart. They are hirgest and
most numerous on the nasal ridges, interorbital space, middle region of
back and tail, and anterior part of pectorals. On the base and edges of
the jjectorals and on the ventrals the prickles are few and small. On
the middle portion of the pectorals they are rather numerous. Under-
side of disk everywhere prickly except along the edges of the fins; the
j)rickles largest under the snout.
Male not seen, probably differing, as in the other species, in the sparser
prickles above, in the absence of a lateral caudal series, and in the pres-
ence of stouter prickles on the anterior part of the pectorals and of claw-
l\^e spines on the posterior part. Mouth somewhat arched. Teeth
about -\%. i^asal flap rather less than half the width of the mouth.
Coloration essentially as in Eaia hinoculata. Light brown above,
vaguely mottled with paler; the usual dark ring at the base of the pec-
torals most distinct in fresh examples, and j)robably in the young.
This species is known to us from three examples. Adult females, 26 to
29 inches in length. One from Monterey Bay and two from San Fran-
cisco Bay. The one from Monterey was referred to in our description
of Raid stellulata as a long-nosed form or variety of Eaia hinoculata.
Rata rhina, is related to Raia cooperi and Rata hinoculata. From the
latter it differs in the much sharper and longer snout, in the less coQcave
interorbital space, and in the much greater roughness of the body, the
small prickles, even in the female of R. hinoculata, being confined to the
snout, interocular space, and a portion of the median region of the back
and the tail, the fins being [)erfectly smooth. The male has the usual
patches on the pectoral tins, and the back almost or quite smooth.
From Raia cooperi, Raia rliina differs in the much smaller size in length,
the adult of Raia cooper i reaching at least a length of more than six feet.
It also differs in form, color, interorbital width, armature, «&c., as will
ajjpear from the following descrix)tion of a young male example of Raia
cooperi, 27^ inches in length, from San Francisco.
Disk broad, its widest part much heliind the middle, the pectoral angle
rather sharp, and the posterior edge very little convex. The anterior
margm of the pectoral is at first slightly convex, then concave, then, op-
posite the eyes, again very slightly convex, then again slightly concave;
the snout itself not very sharp, although long.
Interorbital space very broad and almost fiat (deeply concave in R.
hinoculata), only slightly depressed in the middle, the nasal ridges well
separated for usually two-thirds their length. Supraocular ridge not at
all elevated. Eyes quite small, shorter than the spiracles.
Ventral tiujinot deeply emarginate (becoming more deei)ly emarginate
in the adult). Caspers, in this example (which, although larger than
the adults of the other species, is evidently immature), very small,
scarcely exserted beyond the ventral edge. Claw-like pectoral spines
not yet developed. Caudal fin wanting. Dorsal fins moderate, not far
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 253
apart, the interspace less than the length of the base. Tail with a slight
lateral fold.
Spines on body small and few. Two or three very small ones over the
eye, one at the center of the back, with a minute one in front of it.
None along the median line of the back, the median caudal series begin-
ging at the base of the ventraLs. These spines are quite small, but grow
larger backward.
Asperities above in the form of minute prickles, somewhat stellate.
These are very minute, except along the median line of the back and
tail, and there they are smaller than in B. stellulata or B, rhina. Tail
entirely prickly above. A broad band of prickles along back to inter-
orbital space. Entire pectoral fin minutely prickly, rather coarsely so
anteriorly. Nasal ridges prickly.
Veutrals mostly covered with minute prickles, as is the under side of
the snout and the region around the mouth. A row of rather coarser
prickles along the edge of the disk anteriorly, on the under side.
Jaws rather strongly curved. Teeth somewhat tricuspid, ||.
Length of nasal flap about half the width of the upper jaw.
Body light brown, with many rather large, faint, round whitish spots,
which are very distinct in the young. A vague blackish ring at base of
pectoral.
Raia cooperi is rather common from Monterey Bay to Vancouver's
Island, and probably north to Alaska. It is often brought into the
markets of San Francisco with the Mnoculata. We have seen examples
of all sizes from six inches to six feet in length. A skin of an individual
six feet in length was obtained by us at Victoria. In its stomach were
two specimens of Cottus polyacanthocephaluSj each a foot long. Thus far
no examples of any of the other species over 2^ feet in length have been
noticed.
Table of measurements.
Extreme lengtli, in inches
Lenj;;th of disk, in inches=100
Disk, {greatest width
Widf li midway between snout and mouth .
Widtli at front of eyes
Distance from snout to pectoral angle
Distance from snout to first gill-opening .
Diwf ance from snout to mouth
Distance from first to last gill-opening. . . .
Width of mouth
Distance between nostrils
Diameter of orbit
Length of snout from eye
Length of nasal flap . . . .'
Distance between first gill-openings
Distance between last gilbopeniugs
Interorbital width
Tail, leugtli
Distance between dorsals
28.80
18.40
lO^i
It
41
3t)
12
15.5
26.25
16.85
111
26.3
16.5
77.5
'29.5'
17
14.5
13.2
6
30.5
7
25.5
17
.^1
27.65
17.3
119
86.5
24
13.5
15.5
15
5
28.5
17. 5
10.5
60
3
f^
21.6
13
106
16.7
4.5.5
50.5
2.5
12.8
15
5.5
23
25.5
14.3
67
3.8
23.45
14.90
113
25
o
Is
■.0 fl
K (=1
^ o
24
13.65
113
17.45
10.10
121
1 41
58
21
1.5. 5
13.5
7.5
27.3
8.5
26.5
16.5
7.5
56.5
15.5
12.5
7
23.5
8
25
15
7.8
80
10.5
71.5
5
Neeah Bay, Wash., 3Iay 31, 1880.
254 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
DICiiiCRIPTION OF A NETV SPECIES OF PARROT OF THE OFIVVS
€HRVSOTIS, FROM THE ISIiAND OF DOITIIIVICA.
By OEOROE ]\. LAWRENCE.
Chrysotis nichoUsi.
Male ? — The general color of the pluraage is grass-green, darker above
and on the breast and abdomen tinged with yellow; the feathers of the
hind neck and back are bordered rather narrowly with black, those of
the wing coverts are without the black borders; the feathers of the
lower part of the throat, of the upper part of the breast, and of the sides
of the neck change to verditer-green on a side view and are edged with
black ; the bases of some of the feathers of the breast and abdomen are
dull red, and they are just perceptibly edged with black; the sides are
dark green ; the fore part of the head as far as upon a line with the an-
terior angle of the eye, lores, sides of the head, and the throat are of a
medium shade of ultramarine-blue, lighter in color on the throat; in
some lights the blue color has a grayish cast; the feathers of the top of
the head are varied with bright green and azure blue and are narroM ly
bordered with black ; the primaries have their inner webs black, the
first primary is entirely black, the second and third have their outer
Avebs dark blue for three-quarters their length, terminating with black,
the other primaries have their outer webs green for most of their length,
Ijassing into dark blue for a short space, and ending with black; the ex-
treme ends are narrowly margined with whitish ash ; the wing speculum
is of a bright scarlet red, occupying a space on the outer webs of the
first three secondaries of about three inches; there is a small j^ellow
mark where the red joins the terminal dark blue of these feathers, which
have the outer webs green at their bases ; the other secondaries have
their outer webs green, with a subterminal blue spot, and ending with
black; the fourth secondary has an elongated yellow mark on the mid-
dle of the outer web; all the secondaries have their inner webs black;
the outer webs of the tertiaries are green, the inner are black with their
ends green; the wing coverts are of the same color as the back, but the
concealed portions of the inner webs of the greater coverts are black ;
the outer edge of the wing is dull light yellow; the quills underneath
have the basal two-thirds of their length dull verditer-blue, the terminal
portion is black; the under wing coverts are green; the first outer tail
feather has the outer web dark blue for two-thirds its length, the ter-
minal third is greenish yellow ; the inner web is scarlet at the base for
nearly half its length, which color is separated from the yellowish end
by a space of dull green ; the second, third, and fourth feathers difler
from the first only in having the basal parts of their outer webs green ;
the central tail feathers are dark green, ending with dark yellowish
green; upper tail coverts dark green, with their ends yellowish; the
under tail coverts are yellowish green ; the upper mandible is whitish-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 255
liorii color, with the sides yellowish, the under is grayish-horn color,
yellowish at the base; feet blackish.
Lengi'th (skin) from end of upper mandible over the culmen, 20 inches ;
from top of head, 18 inches; wing', d'}; tail, 0^; tarsus, 1.
Habitat. — Dominica, West Indies.
Type in jSTational Museum, Washington, received from Dr. H. A.
Alford Nicholls.
Dr. Nicholls sent a second specimen in spirits, w^hich was made into
a skin, and on dissection proved to be a female. It does not differ ma-
terially in i)lumage from the other specimen, the blue of the face only
appearing a little duller. It is rather smaller; the bill and feet are
weaker. From a comparison of the two I think the specimen specially
described is a male.
This new species in some respects resembles C. cyanopis (VieilL), said
to be from the Antilles, but the precise locality not known, and G. bou-
qnvfi (Bechat), from St. Lucia, all having blue heads. The first, C. cya-
nopis., is described as having the face dark ultramarine-blue, but it dif-
fers from the new species more especially in the top of the head and the
chin being dark blue, the throat and entire under surface wine-red, and
the larger wing coverts dark indigo-blue, besides minor differences. In
dimensions they are much the same.
I have a fine specimen of C. bouqueti before me belonging to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, and kindly loaned by
Professor Allen. In this the blue is nearly of the same shade as in the
new species ; it is a little lighter in color on the front, but the blue does
not extend so far down on the throat, the lower part of which is scarlet ;
the breast and abdomen are vinous red intermixed somewhat with green;
the color above is a lighter green ; the black borders to the feathers of
the hind neck and back are broader; the colors generally are much
brighter ; it is a smaller species, with weaker feet and a blackish bill ;
it measures from the end of the upper mandible IGJ inches, though the
wings and tail fully equal in size those of C. nicholhi.
I have named this fine species as a well-merited compliment to Dr.
Nicholls for his assiduous endeavors to supplement Mr. Obers work in
Dominica.
The specimens of Ghrysotis were sent in March, 1879, with some other
species, to Martinique, to be forwarded to the Smithsonian, but they
remained there for about twelve months, and w ere not received in Wash,
ington until May of this year. Dr. Nicholls wrote Professor Baird at
that time concerning the parrot as follows :
''The '■Ciceru'' (not '■ Cicero'') ijarrot.
" The bird was shot at Campbell, and was bought in the market, where
it was exposed for sale as food. The feathers were off the neck when
bought. Skin was firmly adherent to a thick layer of fat. The speci-
men is scarcely worth sending. I do so, however, as the feathers near
the head are a different color to those of the Cicero parrot."
256 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The other birds sent were as below, to which are added Dr. Nicholls's
notes :
1. EUPIIONIA FLAVTFRONS (Spami,).
"Bird caught at head of Roseau Valley; never seen in the island
until lately. Feathers of breast curl up over the wings when the bird is
at rest, and during sleep the bird is rolled up like a ball."
2. Myiadestes genibakbis, Sw
" Sifflem montagne."
3. Elainea martinica (Linn.).
"Caught in Roseau; white feathers on head very conspicuous when
bird at rest."
4. Ereunetes petrificatus (111.).
" ' Becass ; ' common at the mouths of the rivers during the hurricane
months."
5. Charadrius virginicus, Borkh.
" 'Oiseau marine.' Shot in plowed land near to Roseau in November,
1878."
G. Tringa maculata, Vieill.
"'Bat-ma.' Caught in December, 1878, near to the mouth of the
Roseau River."
Professor Baird has lately received from Dr. Nicholls a letter, dated
25th May, 1880, with another consignment of birds, of which I give the
names and the notes of Dr. Nicholls thereon:
1. Chrysotis nichollsi, Lawr.
" The green parrot which 1 have been so long trying to obtain. It is
now scarce and is seldom seen away from tlie deepest woods of the
widest part of the islaud. It builds its nest in the forks of the highest
forest trees, and it is usually seen in flocks. It is called by the natives
' perroquet,' which is simply French for parrot. As an example of the
difficulty in obtaining this parrot I may mention that although I offered
a good reward for a dead specimen I failed to get one. The specimen
now sent was shot by a friend of jnine ; it was evidently a bird which
had strayed from a flock."
Dr. NichoUs says of it in his letter: "It may possibly turn out to be
the ' green parrot ' which Mr. Ober failed to obtain."
I infer from the above that Dr. ISTicholls considered this to be different
from those sent a year ago, as in his letter of that date he says: "I am
sorry to say that I have been unable to obtain specimens of the green
parrot, but I hope to be successful before long."
This specimen, however, only differs from the type of C. nicJioUsi in
being smaller, with a weaker bill, which is quite dusky in color..
Dr. Nicholls may be correct in his suggestion that it is the " i)arrot"
No. 33 of the Dominica catalogue. If so, Mr. Ober must have been mis-
led as to its size, which he states to have been that of the CaroHna
parrot.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 257
2. JiTYCTIAEDEA VIOLACEA (Linil.).
" ' Crabier montagne.' Caught in a dark ravine in the mountains near
Roseau and brought to me alive. I kept it for more than a week, feed-
ing it on cray-flsh and land-crabs, which it devoured with avidity. It
died suddenly." ^
3. Charadrius virginicus, Borkh.
" Golden plover. Shot on sea-beach."
4. Angus stolidus (Linn.).
" ' Twa-oo.' Brought to me alive when very young and I kept it alive
for nearly a year, when it was choked by a careless child. It became
very tame. It used to fly on to the roof of my house and bathe in a duck-
l)oud in the garden. I gave it fish cut into small pieces."
5. Strix flammea var nigrescens, Lawr.
''Owl. It is, I think, different in i^lumage and certjynly smaller than
one I had some years ago. This bird was caught in the town of Eoseau
and brought to me. I kept it ahve for several weeks, when it died sud-
denly. It woke up usually just before dark and then partook of its
meal of five or six small lizards or a mouse. On introducing a live lizard
into its cage it darted down upon it with great quickness ; it seemed to
be more of a spring and a droj) than anything else ; it then held the
animal in its claw for a minute or so and regarded it intently, then with
its sharj) beak it divided the spinal column just behind the head. This
occurred once and again, and it would thus ai)pear that the owl is en-
dued with the instiuct of the easiest and surest way of killing its prey.
The lizard when dead was seized by the head, and by a series of jerks
or turnings up of the head the owl actually threw it down its throat. If
the lizard was rather large the owl would rest for a while Avith the tail
of the reptile hanging out of its mouth."
I think this specimen is a male; the larger one spoken of was prob-
ably a female.
6. Tringa minutilla, Vieill.
" ' Becass.' Caught near to the mouth of Eoseau Eiver."
New York, June 15, 1880.
THE EUIiACHOlV OR CANDIiE-FISH OF THE NORTHWEST COAST.
By JAMES G. S\1^AW.
This paper I have prepared from my own notes made during a cruise
on the United States revenue- steamer Oliver Wolcott to Alaska, during
the summer of 1873, as special commissioner to procure articles of Indian
manufacture for the National Museum, to be exhibited at the Centennial
celebration at Philadelphia, and from information derived from Mr.
Eobert Tomlinson, clerk to Kincoleth Mission, Nass Eiver, British
Columbia; from Mr. Charles F. Morrison, chief trader Hudson's Bay
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 17 Sept. 15, 1 8 80.
258 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Company, at Fort Simpson, British Columbia; and from reports of Eev.
Mr. Duncan, of Metlakatla Mission, Britisli Columbia, made to the Church
Missionary Society, at London, and to Messrs. Langley & Co., Victoria,
to whom I am indebted for the copy of Professor Eedwood's report,
which I give entire. The description of the Eulachon by Sir John Eich-
ardson is, I believe, the earliest, and but little can be added to it. As I
have no copy of his works at hand I cannot give his description,
which I regret.
JAMES G. SWAN.
Neah Bat. Clallam County, WasJi., January 31, 1880.
This fish, known to scientists as the Thaleichthys pacificus, and also as
Osmerus pacificus, resembles the common smelt in size and general out-
ward appearance, and is found on Puget Sound occasionally with the
sand-smelt Hypomesus olidus.
The Eulachon, however, differs from all other varieties of the smelt
family by having its entire body permeated with a peculiar fat, which,
on being extracted, is of the consistence and color of soft laitl, and is
used largely by the natives as an article of food.
By a rectifying and deodorizing process, Messrs. Langley & Co., chem-
ists, of Victoria, British Columbia, have succeeded in preparing an oil
which appears to possess the remedial qualities of cod-liver oil in a re-
markable degree, and is more agreeable to both palate and stomach.
The quantity of this fatty substance is so considerable that when the
fish is dried it can be set on fire like a torch and will consume its whole
length like a candle, from which fact its common name of "Candle-fish"
is derived. This adipose matter when first extracted, even when fresh
caught, has a strong, disagreeable odor and a peculiar taste which is very
unpalatable to most white persons. The fresh fish, however, has no un-
pleasant smell about it. It has somewhat of the same cucumber odor as
the smelt, or rather an odor which resenibles that of the bruised leaves of
the wild syringa, Fhiladelplius L., which is a somewhat common shrub on
the shores of Puget Sound and other portions of the northwest coast.
When fried, like the smelt it is a most delicious pan-fish, or even when
simply boiled, as the natives usually cook it, or toasted on a stick before
the fire, it is most excellent and nutritious food.
The Eulachon are found in limited numbers at certain seasons in the
Columbia Eiver, Shoal-water Bay, Gray's Harbor, and at the mouth of
the various small streams of the coast, and also in the waters of Puget
Sound, where they are taken in seines and nets with smelt and other
varieties of small fish, but they are thin and poor, and not to be com-
pared to the same varieties further north. Even those taken in Eraser's
Eiver, near the boundary line between Washington Territory and Brit-
ish Columbia, are superior to those taken further south, and are sold in
the Victoria market, where their excellence is highly prized. The few
seemed on Puget Sound are sold by the fishermen as smelts. The best
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251)
kinds are cauglit fiirtlier nortli, and great quantities are salted by tlie
Hudson's Bay Company, at their trading post at Fort Simpson, Britisk
Columbia, and either sold in the Victoria market or shipped direct to
London in tierces, barrels, and kits.
As an article of food and for the grease or fat contained in them, the
Eulaclion are highly prized by the Indians of Northern British Colum-
bia and Southern Alaska, where they abound; particularly at the Xass
Kiver, British Columbia, where they are annually taken in enormous
quantities, and where they seem to attain their very finest condition.
The Nass Eiver flows into Portland Inlet near the fifty-fifth parallel
of north latitude, near the southern boundary of Alaska, and 30
miles north-northeast of Fort Simpson, British Columbia. At its mouth
it widens out into a bay called Nass Bay or Strait, in which are various
shoals favorable for the Eulachon spawning grounds.
There are other rivers and streams in British Columbia and Alaska
at the mouths of which Eulachon are taken, but as the Nass Eiver fish-
ery exceeds them all, and is, in fact, the principal place where the busi-
ness is carried on by both whites and Indians, a description of that
fishery will suffice.
The principal run of the fish reaches Nass Eiver in the latter part of
March, generally from the ICth to the 22d, varying in exceptional years
from the 28th to April 4. When the season apjjroaches the Indians as-
semble in great numbers ; not only the j^ishka, or natives of the Nass
country, but Irom hundreds of miles distant, some in canoes and some
overland. In former years quarrels and fights among the dififerent
tribes were common, but of late years the influences of the missions at
Metlakatla, Kincoleth, and Fort Simpson have produced a favorable
change, not only in inducing them to be more peaceful, but to lay aside
their old heathen superstitions, one of which was that all the fish eaten .
for the first four or five days after they commence to arrive must be
either fried or toasted; no one was allowed to boil any, as they believed
that if any were boiled the fish would immediately leave the river; they
were also strictly forbidden to drink water after a meal of fish, lest there
should be rain which would hinder the drying. These ceremonies are
now abandoned in a great measure, and but seldom practiced at the
present time.
The Eulachon only travel up the Fass Eiver as far as the flood tides
reach, which is from 15 to 20 miles from its mouth. For about 7 miles
from jSTass Strait the river is unsuited for fishing operations. From
theiiee to the Nass Village, at the head of tide-water, is a succession of
sand-bars, and these form the spawning beds of the fish. Every avail-
able spot along the banks of the river is occupied by the Indians during
the fishing season, who erect temporary wigwams for themselves.
As the fishing season approaches the arrival of the fish is anxiously
watched bj^ the natives, as it is a season of the year in which they are
generally out of food.
260 PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The fish usually swim in deep water till tbey reach the mouth of the
river, ami duriuj^' their i:)assage up the strait are followed by innumera-
ble enemies. Porpoises, seals, dog-fish, ground-sharks, and halibut
harass them in the strait, and if they rise to the surface they are attacked
l)y clouds of gulls, ducks, and other sea-fowl.
The bishop of British Columbia, who visited the Nass Eiver in 18G3,
writes concerning the fisheries:
" Such a scene of life — man life, bird life, fish life — I had never before
conceived. Over the fish was an immense cloud of innumerable gulls;
so many and so thick were they as they hovered about looking for the
fish that 'the sight resembled a heavy fall of snow. The fish are caught
in vast quantities. I saw hundreds of tons collected together, and the
nets hauled in bushels at a time."
When the fish reach the mouth of the river they generally rise to the
surface of the water, and are caught by the natives with a pole about
18 feet long, slightly flattened into an oar-shape at the lower end. Into
one edge of this flattened blade are stuck a row of wooden pins or pieces
of wire sharijened. This implement is thrust down and with both
hands drawn rapidly through the water, and the fish are imi^aled on the
pins and are shaken off into the canoe in the same manner as the Indians
about Puget Sound take herrings. The number of Eulachou caught in
this way form a good estimate of the probable run of the fish for the
season, whether they will be plentiful or not.
As soon as the fish make their appearance at the sand-bars fishing
operations begin in earnest. In former years a sort of large landing-
net, called by the natives Bdnak, was used, but of late these have been
discarded for purse-nets. About an hour after the tide has begun to
ebb two strong i^oles are driven into the sand at the bottom of the river
about 12 feet apart; to these the net is attached, the mouth being kept
open by inserting two small sticks across it. It is then depressed in the
water until the under rim rests on the sand ; the fish are drawn into the
aperture by the force of the current.
The nets are generally six or eight fathoms long. A long crooked
stick is used for raistng the narrow end of the net. If it contains fish it
is hauled into the canoe and, by loosening a string, its contents are
easily shaken out. Sometimes the net for its whole length becomes
blocked with fish. The greatest care and skill are then necessary to
prevent its being carried away by the current.
Another difficulty, and the cause of much damage to the nets, is the
loose ice^ The fish first come about the time the ice begins to break up.
Of course, there are exceptions to this rule. Some years the ice remains
solid until after the fish are caught, in which case holes have to be cut
in the ice to put down the nets ; other years, again, the ice has all dis-
appeared before the fish arrive.
When the tide begins to flow, the nets are all taken in and all the fish
caught are thrown in heaps on the ground close to the wigwams. With
PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2GI
a good run of fish, each net ought to catch about two tous each tide.
When a sufficient supply of fish has been obtained they are not boiled
down at once, but are left on the ground in heaps from six to ten days,
according to the state of the weather. This is done to facilitate the
boiling, as the grease separates more rapidly from the fish after a partial
decomposition than when fresh. The perfume which permeates the at-
mosphere at this time is certainly not to be found among the extracts
and essences of Lubin or Pamrael. As has been said of the odor of the
skunk, "it may be healthy, but is very offensive, and a little of it goes
a great way." As an Irishman once remarked to me of a similar stench,
'•the smell of it would kill flies," which is saying a great deal for its
energetic power.
After the fish have remained exposed on the ground five or six days
a portion of them are strung up for drying by having their heads inter-
woven with thin strips of bark ; they are then washed and hung on
racks to dry ; they are not covered up, but are thus exposed to the at-
mosphere in all weathers for three or four weeks and get perfectly dried
and firm, and form a chief article of food for the Indians, who either
toast them over the fire or boil them. They also use them as torches.
It is only necessary to set them on fire and they will continue to burn
until consumed.
In extracting the grease from the fish the Indians place them in large
wooden boxes and boil them by means of red-hot stones. As the grease
rises to the surface it is skimmed off', and when all has risen the residue
of the fish bodies is taken out and pressed to get all the still adherent
portion. A ton of fish makes from 24 (o 30 gallons. This is then put
in wooden boxes and any convenient receptacle, and forms a lucrative
article of trade among the natives, and is known in Sitka and other
white settlements as small-fish grease.
Within a few years, and since the Indians have seen the "rockers" of
the miners, they have introduced wooden boxes, with sheet-iron bottoms.
These answer very well, and save time, labor, and trouble. About the
same time a white man attempted the plan of extracting the grease
by heating the fish in a basin floating in boiling water and then subject-
ing it to pressure, but the attempt proved a failure. Another plan at-
tempted was to cold-press the fish, and for the purpose a powerful screw-
l)ress was erected, but that also proved a failure. My own impression
is that the grease could be successfully extracted by steam, as is now
done at the oil works at Skidgate, Queen Charlotte's Islands, in extract-
ing oil from dog-fish livers. Still, there may be some chemical reason
why the grease yields to incipient decomposition, which may suggest
some preparation which can produce a similar result.
The ordinary price for the grease at Nass is twenty-fiva cents per gal-
lon, but in seasons of scarcity the price advances from one dollar to one
dollar and twenty-five cents per gallon, although the latter figure is
seldom attained.
262 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Tlie Hndsou's Bay Company salt a great quantity of these fisli for
export. They are simply put into casks or butts when first caught, and
lightly salted. After remaining two or three days a brine is formed.
They are washed in this brine, resalted, and packed in tight barrels,
casks, or kits. For smoking, they are allowed to remain in brine a day
or twD, then strung on slender sticks, which-are passed through the eyes,
and hung in the smoke. When freshly smoked they have a bright
golden appearance, much like red herrings, and are most delicious eat-
ing, but they are so excessively fat that they will not keep unless they
are smoked quite dry. This is a tedious process, and turns the skin a
dull dusty color.
There is a second run of Eulachon in ISTass River towards the end of
June, but the quality is inferior, and but little grease is made from them.
The Eulachon come suddenly in countless myriads into Kass Eiver,
and after spawning depart as suddenly. They evidently pass the re-
mainder of the year in the deep water south of the Aleutian Islands, and
make their appearance almost simultaneously in Cook's Inlet and Cross
Sound, Alaska, where they are very abundant, and in Nass Eiver. They
make their apv)earance in Eraser's Eiver a few weeks later, but are not
as fat or as plentiful as they are farther north.
As a remedial agent, Eulachon oil is considered by some of the best
authorities who have tested it as equal to cod-liver oil. Others who
hav'e tested its effects only among Indians are in doubt of its efticacy.
But it should be borne in mind that the Indians of the coast, who live
exclusively on a fish diet, and on the algse and other products of the
ocean, rich in iodine, bromine, and phosphates, are not so easily affected
by cod liver or Eulachon oil as white people who reside in the interior, and
partake of the usual regimen of civilized life. Hence, some persons who
have administered Eulachon oil to coast Indians have been surprised at
the want of success, and have hastily condemned it as worthless. A diet
of new milk, fresh from the cow, would undoubtedly prove as efficacious
for the coast tribes as cod-liver or Eulachon oil is for white people.
The following is a copy of a report made by Theophilus Eedwood, esq.,
F. E. S., professor of chemistry and pharmacy to the Pharmaceutical
Society of London, to Messrs. Langley & Co., Victoria, British Colum-
bia, who kindly furnished h to me for this paper. Professor Eedwood
writes :
"Eulachon oil, although differing in its source from cod-liver oil, is
said to resemble it in its properties, and to have been substituted for it
as a remedial agent. In examining the oil, therefore, it was considered
important to determine in what points it resembles and where it differs
I'rom, cod-liver, oil. In taste and smell I cannot indicate any marked dif-
ference. Its tendency to congeal is much greater than that of cod-liver
oil. At 50^ Fahr. the Eulachon oil has the consistency of soft but-
ter, and it does not become fluid until heated above 70° Fahr. The
PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MTJSEUM. 263
portion separated by filtration at GO^ remains briglit at all temi)er-
atures above that point, and lias a very slight yellowish tint, resembling
that of the best pale cod-liver oil. When a few drops of sulphuric acid
are added to a small quantity of the oil, placed in a porcelain capsule, it
assumes a deep brown tint, without in the first instance affording the
violet color which is produced under sindlar circumstances by codliver
oil. If, however, the mixture thus formed be allowed to remain exposed
to the air for several hours the violet color becomes developed. If an
ounce or two of the Enlachon oil be boiled with about twice its volume
of distilled water, and the water after being carefully separated and fil-
tered be evaporated to dryness, a small quantity of a brown extractive
matter will be left, which closely resembles the extract obtained under
similar circumstances from cod-liver oil.
" The Eulachon oil readily saponifies with caustic alkali, and the soap,
after being decomposed with acetate of lead, yields oleate of lead to
ether, but the oleic acid resulting from the decomposition of this is not
brown like that obtained from cod -liver oil.
" Eulachon oil, therefore, although in some respects resembling cod-
liver oil, differs from it in some of its chemical and iihysical characters.
The resemblance to cod-liver oil is, however, greater than that of any
other oil I am acquainted with that is not extracted from a tish liver.
"THEOPH. REDWOOD."
It would have been interesting if Professor Eedwood had given the
exact analysis of Eulachon oil, as that of the cod liver has been fully
given in various medical works. The student of medicine could have
thus been able to have compared the two together, and have found what
constitutes their medicinal value.
Professor Redwood says that the oleic acid resulting from the decom-
position is not brown like that of the cod-liver oil. The brown color is
owing to the presence of a x^eculiar substance obtained by an analysis
of cod-liver oil by De Jough, and named by him gaduin, but it has not
been ascertained that gaduin is in any way connected with the virtues
of the oil.
It has been thought that the action of the liver carbonizes the oil in a
manner and thus renders it more susceptible of being taken up and as-
similated by the systems of persons to whom it is administered. It is
not improbable that the biliary principles associated with the oil are
concerned in its peculiar influences. Winckler has inferred from his re-
searches that cod-liver oil is an organic whole, differing from all other
fixed oils. Eulachon oil, although a body oil, instead of a i^roduct of
the liver, seems to possess properties essentially different from all other
fish-oils, and future analysis may show that the curative imnciple of
cod-liver oil does not lay in any of the causes mentioned, but in some
hitherto undeveloped principle, which is identical with that of the Eu-
lachon. I find no mention of the Eulachon in the voyages of Portlock,
264 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Dixon, Means, Marchard, or Vancouver, except that Means mentions
them casually as sardines, and says the Indians are as fond of them and
make quite as much account of them as they do of salmon. They are
found in countless myriads in the waters of Alaska Territory, but hith-
erto no other use has been made of them in that Territory except as an
article of food for the Indians.
If some of the canneries of Alaska would try the experiment and put
them up in oil similar to sardines, I predict that a lucrative trade would
result. No regular statistics of the Eulachon fishery have ever been kept
either in British Columbia or Alaska, and the foregoing meager account
of a, very important food-fish is all that I have been able to procure.
BESCRBPTIOIV OF TU O IVEW SPECtES OF FISHES, ASCEliI€HTHYS
RIIOraORUS AND S1\TAT.IIVA CERDAIiE, FROITI JMEAU RAV,
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
By I>AVaB> S. JOKOAI^ aisad CHAKI.ES II. €}II.B£RT.
Ascelichthys, genus nova.
Family of Coftklcc. Body rather robust, covered with naked skin.
Head comparatively broad and depressed, covered with naked skin.
Preopercle with a simple, strongly hooked spine. Villiform teeth on
jaws, vomer, and palatines. No slit behind fourth gill. Gill membranes
broadly united, free from the isthmus. No I'entral fins. Spinous dorsal
of low flexible spines. Other fins normally developed. This genus has
the general appearance of Olipocottus, but is distinguished at once from all
the known genera of the family b\^ the- absence of the ventral fins;
hence the generic name from aff/.sXrj-, without leg, and Ix^or;^ fish.
Ascelichthys rhodorus, sp. nov.
Body rather plump, broad, and low anteriorly, nearly cylindrical
mesially, becoming compressed behind. Head comparatively broad and
low, ovate, regularly narrowed forward, and rounded anteriorly. Eyes
rather large, placed high, separated by a slight! j'^ concave interorbital
space, narrower than the eye. Mouth rather large, nearly horizontal,
the maxillary extending to opposite the posterior border of the eye.
Lower jaw slightly shorter than upper. Lips rather full, the upper jaw
protractile. Teeth small, in villiform band^ on jaws, vomer, and pala-
• tines. The palatine bands long and narrow. PseudobrancliaB large.
Gill-rakers almost obsolete. No slit behind the fourth gill. Brauchios-
tegals six. Gill- membranes broadly united, free from the isthmus. A
low, fringed dermal flap above the posterior part of each eye. No other
cirri anywhere, and no trace anywhere, on body or head, of dermal
prickles or scales. No nasal spines. Nostrils both with short tubes,
the anterior the longer.
Suborbital stay very slender, barely reaching the preopercle. Preop-
ercle with a rather short simple spine, strongly hooked upwards and in-
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 265
wards, concealed in tbe skin. A concealed downward-directed spine
below this. A downward-directed spine on front of opercle below.
Skin comparatively tliin and loose. Lateral line complete and contin-
uous.
Dorsal fins connected by a membrane about lialf the height of the first
dorsal. Dorsal spines low and weak, nearly uniform in height, the mid-
.dle spines very slightly higher than the others, the highest less than the
diameter of the eye, the two anterior close together. The spines all
very slender. The enveloping membrane very thick.
Soft dorsal nearlj- twice as high as the spinous part. Anal about as
high as second dorsal, its rays more robust. Pectoral fins rather broad
and short, strongly procurrent below, the lower rays thickened. Long-
est rays reaching past vent to beginning of second dorsal. No trace of
ventral fins, either externally or under the skin.
Fin rays: Dorsal IX or X-18 or 19; A. 13; P. 16.
Anal papilla very small. Six pyloric cseca. Intestines short, about
as long as body, with one flexure. Stomach filled with Chiton, Patella,
small Crustacea, snails, and worms.
Coloration olivaceous, usually rather dark, and shadeilwith greenish,
but sometimes with whitish saddle-like blotches, one on each side of the
head, one on preopercle, one at front of dorsal, one most conspicuous
opposite the junction of the two dorsals, and two smaller ones under sec-
ond dorsal. On most of the specimens these markings are but faintly
indicated. Belly somewhat dusky. Lips, in most specimens, edged with
vermilion, especially the lower.
Spinous dorsal fin dusky, black in the middle and in front above, with
a conspicuous edging of hright crimson. This marking is rarely faint or
obsolete. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal dusky, edged with paler. Pec-
toral dusky, edged with paler, and slightly barred at base, especially in
the paler specimens.
This species is known to.us from about 200 examples, from two to four
inches in length, obtained by us at Waadda Island, in Neeah Bay, near
Cape FlatterJT, at the entrance to the Straits of Juan de Fuca. It is
found in the greatest abundance at this locality under rocks between
tide-marks. It is less active in its movements than the species of Oligo-
cottus, and unlike them it is often found out of the water, left in damp
places under the rocks by the receding tide.
The following species have been obtained by us in this locality, which
is the richest in rock pool fish of any which we have anywhere seen:
Xiphister mucosus,
Xiphister rupestris,
Xiphister chirus,
Ascelichthys rhodorus,
Gobiesox reticidatus,
Anoplarchus atropurpureus,
Mursenoides Isetus,
Apodichthys flavidus,
Apodichthys fucorum,*
Oligocottus giobiceps,
Oligocottus maculosus,
Scytaliua cerdale.
266 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Table of iwoportional measurements.
Species : Ascelichthys rhodorus.
Locality
Extreme lensth
Length to base of middle caudal rays .
Body:
Greatest Leight
Least heiglitof taU. ^
Head :
Greatest lengtli
Greatest -width
\\' idth of interorbital area
Length of snout
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal (spinous) :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Greatest height
Dorsal (soft) :
Length of base
Height at longest ray
Anal:
Distance from SMut
Height at longeaw-ay
Caudal :
Length of middle rays
Pectoral :
Length
Ventral:
Length ,
Branchiostegals
Dorsal
Anal
Pectoral
Ventral
Number of cajcal appendages
Neeah Bay.
Inches
and
lOOths.
3.90
3.40
lOOths of
length to
base of
caudal.
30
27
5
5
6
30
26
4i
34
10
56
9
16
24
6
IX, 18
13
16
6
Scytalina, gen. nor.
raniily Congrogadida', allied to Congrogadus Giinther.
Body auguilliform, cylindrical anteriorly, compressed behind, covered
with very small, imbedded cycloid scales. Xo lateral line. Head broad,
with tumid cheeks, broader than body, resembling a serpent's head.
Lower jaw slightly projecting. Each jaw with two strong canines in
front, besides which is about one series of small, close-self conical teeth
in the lower jaw and a broad patch in the upper. A single series of
small teeth on vomer and i)alatines. Branchiostegals six. Gill-open-
ings very wide, the membranes broadly connected below and free from
the isthmus. Pseudobranchise small, present. A slit behind fourth gill.
Tongue largely free anteriorly. Intestines short, without pyloric caeca.
Pectoral fins very small. No ventral fins. Dorsal fin very low, without
spines, heginning near the middle of the body. Anal . similar, and begin-
ning nearly opposite it. Tail rounded behind. Caudal tin well devel-
oped, joined to dorsal and anal. Vent near the middle of the body. ]S^o
anal x)apilla.
Etymology : diminutive of Scytale^ a genus of serpents, in allusion to
the form of the head and neck and the fang-like canines.
The relations of this genus seem to be with Congrogadus Giinther,from
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONxiL MUSEUM. 267
•which it differs in the presence of canines and in the short dorsal fin.
This is the first species of the family thus far known from north of the
e(piator.
Scytalina cerdale, sp. nov.
Body elongate, cylindrical anteriorly, compressed .behind, covered
with very small imbedded scales. No lateral line. A slight vertebral
streak and three \ ery obscure dusk}' lateral streaks simulating lateral
lines.
llead broader than long, with tumid cheeks and constricted neck,
much resembling the head and neck of a small snake. Form of snout
subconic, the head abruptly narrowed at the eyes, below which is a
slight vertical groove. Snout depressed, rounded at tip.
Interorbital space rather broad, posteriorly concave, a median wrinkle
extending along the vertex to the nuchal depression. All these tle-
pressions are rather apparent than real, being due to the tumidity of the
cheeks, which encroach on the other parts.
Eyes quite small, directed almost upward, nearly even with the top of
the head. Lips full, the upper separated by a crease from the skin of
the forehead, the lower with free margin. Skin of forehead with two or
three dermal llaps on each side. In one of these the anterior nostrils
and some mucous i)ores open. Posterior nostril near the eye, with a
very small flap. Edge of lower lip sparsely fringed, below which the
skin has several coarse pores with dermal flaps.
Gape of mouth rather wide, extending a little beyonel the eyes. Lower
jaw slightly jn-ojecting, its front with tw^o strong, conic, divergent ca-
nines. Between these, and behind, along the sides of the jaw, is a series
of smaller close-set conical teeth. Upi-»er jaw with two smaller canines,
closer together than those in the lower jaw. Edge of upper jaw with
close-set conical teeth, apparently in a single row behind, widening into
a broad band in front. A single series of small teeth on vomer and
l>alatines.
Brauchiostegals seven. Gill-openings very wide, the membranes
broadly connected and free from the isthmus. Pseudobranchiae small.
Gillrali-ers almost obsolete. Gills four, a slit behind the fourth. Opercle
very short, the tumid (iheeks encroaching upon it.
Pectoral fins very small, a little below the axis of the body, their length
a little more than the diameter of the eye. No ventral fins. Dorsal fin
very low, of soft rays only, which are short and weak, imbedded in the
skin. Its insertion a little in front of first ray of anal and slightly in
advance of the middle of the body. Tail apparently isocercal, rounded
behind, with a well-developed caudal fin, which is rounded behind, and
composed of rays longer and much slenderer than those in the dorsal
and anal. Xo constriction between dorsal and anal and caudal, the rays
of the former fins being joined to the latter at their full height. A^^^
])recisely like dorsal and nearly coterminous with it. Yent immediately
in front of anal. No anal i)apilla.
2G8 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Intestinal canal a simple short tube, without crecal appendages. Air
bladder obsolete, or reduced to a filmy membrane. jSTothiug found in
the stomach.
Flesh color, with much mottling of purplish above, in fine, close pat-
tern, so that the light areas appear in the form of ])ii\e spots. Lower
parts finely si^eckled like the back, except the belly, which is nearly
plain. Fins similarly colored.
Anal nearly plain. Caudal reddish edged.
Fin rays not readily counted. Dorsal about 41. Anal 36.
Two specimens of this species were obtained by us at Waadda Island ;
a third was seen, but it escaped us. It inhabits piles of shingle and
small bowlders near the mark of lowest tides, and when disturbed makes
its way downward with great celerity through small crevices into the
water. The specimens taken are each about 5| inches in length.
Table of proportional measurements.
Species : Scytalina cerdale.
Collector's number of specimen .
Locality
No. 226.
Neeali 13ay.
Inches
and
lOOths.
lOOths of
length to
base of
caudal.
Extreme length
Length to base of middle caudal rays.
Body:
Greatest height
Head:
Greatest length
Distance from snout to nape
Greatest depth
Greatest width
Width of intcrorbital area
Length of snout
Length of cheek
Length of mandible
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Greatest height
Anal:
Distance from snout ■-
Length of base
Vent:
Distance from snout
Caudal :
Length of middle rays
Pectoral :
Length
Ventral":
Length
Branchiostegals
Dorsal
Anal
Number of csecal appendages
5.80
5.50
5i
IJ
7
ca 41
36
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2G9
ON CAMABAPH'SrSEBlA, A NEW TYPE ©F SPONttE.
By JOHN A. RYDER.
A singular organism, which I will name Camaraphyscma ohscura, was
first observed by me on living oysters from Chesapeake Bay, attached
to hydroids growing on those molliislis. The single specimen which I
obtained measured less than half an inch in length, and consisted of a
larger and smaller individual (person), united basally to a common at-
tachment, constituting a corm or colony. The color was yellowish, or
dirty white ; the form of the branches was cylindrical, club-shaped, cov-
ered by a tough skin (ectoderm?), which was perforated at intervals,
giving rise to tubular, funnel-shaped, oscular openings of exceedingly
variable form, according to their condition of expansion. The margin
of the funnels was entire and exceedingly thin and tough; this portion
was capable of being thrown into longitudinal folds and withdrawn or
inverted inwards into the basal portion. These funnels communicated
at their bases with chambers, lined, apparently, with a single layer of
cells (endoderm "?). i^o mesodermal structures were observed, unless
the single egg which I noticed in the first cleavage stage, from its ap-
parent position, is to be regarded as a product of this layer.
The chambers were lined throughout the entire organism with a sim-
ilar layer of nucleated, columnar cells, as was shown by a series of cross-
sections, but no evidence of a collar or fiagerium could certainly be de-
tected as forming the inner extremities of the cells. The embryos
observed were nearly all in the blastula or morula stage of development,
and appeared to lie superimposed upon the living cellular pavement of
the chambers, except the one observed in the stage of first cleavage,
which seemed to lie in contact with the membranous wall of its chamber.
The whole organism was composed of very irregular chambers, separated
from each other by an apparently almost structureless membrane,
probably of an ectodermal nature. The only evidence of structure here
was the presence of faint, delicate striations when the edges of the
walls were transversely cut across and viewed with high x)owers. No
spicules were to be found in any situations ; no fibers, as in the genus
Spo7igla; but the whole supi)orting structure consisted, as stated be-
fore, of the structureless ectodermal membrane, which was perforata
and produced at intervals into the funnel-shaped oscular organs.
The chambers in the center or axis of the cylindrical body of the or-
ganism could not certainly be made out to communicate with those next
to the membranous, funnel-bearing body- wall ; but these axial chambers
appeared to difier in no way from the outer ones in structure. They
were lined like the external chambers with cells, and, like them, con-
tained ova in different stages of development, together with brown ma-
terial, apparently dirt or remains of ingested food, which would appear
to show that ther^ was some sort of communication with the oscular
fimnels. Onlv once did I find what I believed to be an iutcrcameral
270 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
demi-canal, paved in the same way with cells as the chambers them-
selves.
Not seeing the sponge in an absolntely fresh condition, I conld not
observe the action of the funnels in life; but once while the whole sponge
was still in a comparatively fresh condition, and under observation in a
zoophyte trough, I saw one of the inverted funnels suddenly everted and
expanded to apparently its fullest extent. I was also unable to detect
the slightest evidence of any other kinds of openings besides the funnels
into the organism, and these were of about the same size throughout.
This fact, together with others which I ha^^^e stated, removes all doubt
as to the sponge nature of the organism.
There is no form known to me in literature which corresponds to this
in structure. Halisarca does not have a tough membranous ectoderm,
while the Physemaria have an ecto-skeleton, composed of the shells of
Foramimfera. But as the existence of the Physemaria has been apx)ar-
ently doubted by some zoologists, the position of Camaraphysema becomes
an interesting question. At any rate it may be safely placed close to
the fleshy sponges, and may possibly constitute a distinct family.
The account now offered, while it is not as complete as might be de-
sired, rests upon sufficient evidence to make it desirable that the fullest
possible descrii)tion of the organism should be put uj^on record for the
benefit of those who may have the opportunity of extending or confirm •
ing my interpretation of its anatomical and embryological features.
While I could hardly convince myself at first that I did not have before
me some one of those curious compound Ascidians of the suborder
Synascidm, the absence, however, of a common cloacal cavity and any
indications of a branchial apparatus or a digestive canal satisfied me
that I was not dealing with a tunicate, but that I should have to look
among the very lowest of the sponges for its nearest affines.
I have stated that no collar or flagellum could be detected as forming
the inner extremities of the cells lining the cavities. This fact does
not, however, render it improbable that such structures exist in the liv-
ing animal, as it must be borne in mind that both Bowerbank and Carter
have called attention to the circumstance that the flagellate cells of
sponges withdraw their collars and flagella after death. The extreme
iittitability of sponges is notorious, and to one who sees it for the first
time would be considered remarkable, audit is not unlikely that Cama-
raphysema partakes of this characteristic, known to be well-nigh common
to all the members of the group.
The exact locality from whence this species was derived could not be
ascertained ; all that the writer could learn was that the lot of oysters
from whence he had obtained his specimen had certainly been brought
from the waters of the Chesapeake. It is to be hoped that more speci-
mens will be brought to light, as the writer in investigating his unique
specimen was obliged to sacrifice it in order to make, his study as com-
plete as possible by slicing it up into sections.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 271
Camaraphysejia obscuka, Eyder.
272 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURE ON PRECEDING PAGE.
Fig. 1 . — Embryo in the mulberry stage of development, enlarged 250 times.
Fig. 2. — Embryo in tire condition of the first cleavage, showing the nuclei and nucleoli
of its cells distinctly and an egg membrane, 250 diameters,
Fig. 3. — Embryo in mulberry stage of more frequent ovoid form, 250 diameters.
Fig 4. — Part of a cross-section of the larger br.anch of the animal, showing the cham-
bered character of the organism, the membranous septa, the oscular funnels in
various conditions of extension, and the eggs and embi-yos in place; 25 diameters.
Fig. 5. — The whole auimal of Camaraphyscma ohscura, enlarged 7 times.
Fig. 6. — A small portion of a cross-section similar to Fig. 4, showing the single layer
of cells which pave tho walls of the chambers, with the embryos in position in one
of the latter. The stria) on the cut edges of the walls of the chambers and the
peculiar conformation of the oscular funnels are indicated. Enlarged 200 times.
Fig. 7. — Foxir of the pavement cells liuing the chambers, magnified 900 times, show-
ing their nuclei distinctly.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 273
DESCRIPTIOIV OF TWO JSEW SPECIES OF SC0PEL.03D FISBIES,
srDIS KaiVCJErvS AIV» iT^IVCTOPEaUM CKEIVULARE, FROJn SAIVTA
BAKKAKA CCIA.^IVEIL, € AliaFOBi-VflA.
By DATBI> 8. JOKOAIV »nd CSIAESLBS ii. OBLBERT.
Stidis ringens, sp. no v.
The type of this species is in very poor condition, having been taken
from the stomach of a Merhwius^ itself found in the stomach of an Albi-
coie {Orcynus alaJonga = Orcymis pacificus Cooper). The process of
digestion has destroyed the adipose fin, the ventral lius, and the skin of
one side, and the back part of the head is considerably m-ntilated.
Fortunately, the anterior part of the head, with the jaws and teeth, is not
at all injured, and the dorsal and anal fins are well preserved. There
is, therefore, no doubt concerning the classification of the fish, and as it
is the only one of its type yet found in the Pacific, and evidently differ-
ent from 6'. hyalina., a desci'i[)tiou of it seems desirable, even though our
material is not complete.
Body very slender and elongate, compressed, the depth forming about
one-sixteenth of the length. Head rather slender, anteriorly pointed
and moderatel}' depressed, so much injured behind the eyes that its ex-
act form posteriorly cannot be ascertained. Mouth large, horizontal,
the gape extending more than half the length of the head. Margin of
the upper jaw formed entirely by the very slender, nearly straight i^re-
maxillaries, which are closely aj)pressed to the long and slender maxil-
laries. Maxillaries extending to below the eye, nearly as far as the man-
dibular joint. Tip of u])per jaw emarginate. Tip of lower jaw rather
broad, turned up, and fitting in the notch of the upper jaw. Premaxilla-
ries armed with a series of small, sharp, subeqnal, close-set teeth, which
are hooked backward. A long slender canine in front on each side.
Lower jaw with about ten sharp, slender teeth on each side, these
teeth very unequal, some of them short, three or four very long and
canine-like. l:>5"ear the front is one fang-like tooth on each side, then a
considerable interspace, behind which the others are arranged partly
in two rows. Most of these teeth, especially the inner and larger ones,
and the anterior canines, are freely depressible. A long series of teeth
on the palatines, one or two of the anterior teeth on each side and one
or two others long, slender, and fang-like. Tongue free anteriorly,
roughish, but apparently without teeth.
Opercular bones very thin and membranaceous. Branchiostegals
about seven. Gill-membranes not connected. GiL -rakers short, sharp,
spine-like.
Scales nearly all lost. The few preserved are very large, cycloid,
their diameter nearly a four(h of the depth of the body.
Dorsal fin inserted somewhat behind the middle of the body, at a
distance of nearly 4 times its base in front of the anal, its height a little
greater than the length of its base. It is composed of 11 (I, 10) rays.
Adipose dorsal not preserved.
Proc. Is^it. Mus. 80 18 Sept. 28, 1880.
274 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Anal fin anteriorly nearly as high as the dorsal, its posterior rays low.
The number of rays apparently I, 25, possibly I, 24 or I, 2G. Ventral
fins totally obliterated. Pectoral fins placed low, rather short, about as
long as the maxillary. Caudal fin short, narrow, apparently forked.
The coloration is apparently light olive, the sides silvery, with dark
punctulations. Fins plain. Peritoneum silvery, underlaid by black
pigment.
Table of measiirevients.
Total length (ca) 6.60 inches
Length to base of caudal 6.25 inches = 100
Body:
Greatest depth 6
Least depth 2
Length of caudal peduncle , 6
Head :
Length (ca) 16^
Length of maxillary 9
Length of mandible 11^
Length of snout 8
Dorsal :
Distance from snout 57
Length of base ^i
Greatest height (ca) 7
Anal:
Distance from snout 80
Length of base (ca) 14
Greatest height (ca) 5
Pectoral length 8
Dorsal rays 1. 1^
Anal rays 1. 25
This species differs from Sudis liycdina as described by Dr. Giinther
(Cat. Pishes Brit. Mus., v, 420) chiefly in the dentition, canine teeth
being present on the premaxillaries and palatines, as well as on the
mandible. The head is also shorter and the mouth apparently larger in
proportion.
Myctophum crentilare, sp. nov.
Form much compressed, deepest in front of the base of the pectorals,
bluntly convex anteriorily, tapering behind. Ventral region much more
arched than dorsal. Caudal peduncle long and very slender. Heatl
short and high, abruptly rounded in profile, the snout very blunt. Jaws
equal, the snout not projecting beyond the mouth. Maxillary very
slender, scarcely widened to its tip, and not dilated, its extremity reach-
ing beyond the eye to the margin of the jjreopercle.
Premaxillaries anteriorly on a level of the pupil. Teeth very small,
present on all the dentigerous bones. Eami of the mandible nearly par-
allel, coming together in a sharp keel below.
Orbital margin above and in front with a thin membranaceous rim,
that in front distinct and formed by the upturned edge of the preorbital.
l^asal bones membranaceous, their edges upturned, forming a horizontal
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 275
groove. A groove between the frontal bones. Orbital margins sep-
arated by a groove from the preopercle. Margin of preopercle very
ubliqne. All the membrane bones extremely thin, membranaceons.
Eye large, 3^ in head. Gill-rakers long and slender. Head 3f in length
to base of candal ; depth 4J.
Head and body completely covered with thin membranaceons scales,
those on the middle of the sides not elevated and not noticeably larger
than the others. Free edges of all the scales crenulate, some of them,
especially on the back, with the crenations acute, but without spines,
the scales not being really ctenoid or spinous. About 45 scales in a
longitudinal series.
A i)hos]»horescent spot on each mandible near the symphysis, 33 pairs
of spots along the belly, 6 in front of ventrals, 6 between ventrals and
origin of anal, and 21 between front of anal and base of caudal.
Caudal peduncle above and below with two or three backward-di-
rected spines, which are apparently the exserted tips of vertebral i>yo-
cesses.
Fin rays (not quite certain, the tips being frayed out) : Dorsal about
12, anal about IG, the fins rather low.
Origin of dorsal nearer the snout than the base of caudal, much behind
the base of the ventrals. Ventrals short, not reaching halfway to vent-
Pectorals reaching base of ventrals.
Color very dark steel-blue above, silvery on sides and below, with
dark metallic luster. The usual phosphorescent spots present, as above
described. No evident cream-colored blotch on the back of tail.
Myctophum crenulare is known to us at present from a single speci-
men, about 1^ inches long, taken from the stomach of an Albicore ( Or-
cynvs alaJonga) in Santa Barbara Channel, July 11, 1880. It had evi-
dently just been swallowed, and is in fairly good condition.
It belongs to that division of the genus " Scopclus " called by Dr.
Giinther " Myctophum " (Cat Fishes Brit. Mus., v, 405). As the latter
name has priority over tScopelus^ it must be retained as a generic name
for some or all of these fishes.
Tabic of measurements.
Extreme length 2.20 inches
Length to base of caudal 1.80 inches = 100
Body:
Greatest depth 23
Least depth of tail 4
Length of candal pednncle 22
Head :
Greatest length 27
Width of interorbital
Length of maxillary 19
Tjength of snout 3
Diameter of eye 8
Dorsal, distance from snont 51
Anal, distance from snont , r)4
Pectoral, length 9^
276 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Yeutral :
Length \2
Distance from snout 39
Dorsal rays (ca) 12
Anal rays (ca) 16
Number of scales in longitudinal series 45
Number of phosphorescent spots 33
Santa Barbara, Cal., July 15, 1880.
I»E.<^CRlPTIOIV OF TWO IVEW SPECJES OF FliOUIVUEKS (PAROPEIRV!^
ISt'BIYKlTS AmO lfiIPPOClLO$!$!!«OII>E8 E1.ASSOUOIV,) FROITI PU«ET'S
$»OUI^I[>.
By 1»AVI1> S, JOKDAN and CHARLES H. GILSERT.
Parophrys ischyrus, sp. nov.
Body rhombic-oblong, less deep than in Platichtliys stellatufi or Lepidop-
setta hiU)icata, and with the head more pointed and jirotruding-, bnt less
so than in Farophrys 'vetulvs. Body tapering from the middle to the
head and tail, the four bounding lines but little curved and quite regu-
lar. Caudal peduncle strong, compressed, and rather long. Head com-
paratively long, a slight angle over the eye, and the snout protruding
and not obtuse. Lips full, simple. Mouth moderate, oblique, the lower
jaw slightly projecting and somewhat more developed on the blind side,
5 ■+■ '*o
Teeth about '^ in number.
10 + 22
Teeth in one series, rather close set, some on both sides of the jaw.
but more numerous on the blind side, somewhat irregular in length,
some of them movable. In form the teeth are somewhat compressed and
incisor-like and bluntish, but not as notably so as in some related
spec^ies. No teeth on vomer and palatines.
Maxillary reaching past the front of the orbit, nearly to the papil.
Anterior nostril with a flap. Posterior nostril almost sim.ple. Tongue
free. Eyes rather large, the upper directed upward, the lower slightly
in advance of the other. An area covered with smooth skin in and be-
hind orbit of upper eye.
Interorbital space rather broad, somewhat elevated mesially, con-
tinuous, with a slightly marked ridge above the oi^ercle and forking
forwards, the lower branch ending in a blunt j)romineiice.
Snout behind nostrils, iuterocular ridge, and posterior part of head
covered with scales like those on the body, but smaller and rougher.
Preorbital very narrow, naked. Skin of head continuous over the edge
of the preopercle. Gill oi)euings above not continued forward. Gill-
rakers short, slender, and weak, about 12 below the angle of the arch.
Branchiostegals seven. Lower i>haryngeal bones separate, each with
two rows of coarse, blunt teeth.
Scales moderate in size, thick and firm, adherent, not closely imbri-
cated, anteriorly separated. Those on the tail oblong and a little im-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 277
bedded, those on the head and anterior regions rather regularly
arranged, but not close together.
Scales strongly ctenoid everywhere, each with a semicircle of six to
ten upward-directed spinules on its posterior edge. Those on the head
and body are similar, the former being a little smaller and rougher,
especially behind the eyes, where they are somewliat stellate.
Left or blind side of the body uniformly scaled like the eyed side, the
scales similar and almost as strongly ctenoid. Preopercle nearly smooth.
Eest of head with small rough scales, similar to those on the right side,
but farther apart.
Caudal, middle part of dorsal and anal, and bases of pectorals and
ventrals with small rough scales in series, running up the rays on the
right side. On the blind side the base of the caudal with small rough
scales. Other fins naked.
Lateral line conspicuous, its scales less rough than the others 5 a very
slight curve anteriorly, otherwise straight. A distinct short accessory
lateral line on both sides, extending to about the tenth dorsal ray. A
series of pores around lower eye behind. No enlarged scales along lat-
eral line or at the bases of the tins.
Lateral line with about 88 pores ; about 80 scales in a longitudinal series
above the lateral line.
Dorsal fin beginning over the pupil, its first rays turned slightly toward
the blind side, low in front, the rays regularly increasing to behind the
middle of the body,then similarly diminishing. Anal fin similarly formed,
preceded by an antrorse spine. Highest rays of dorsal and anal about
equal and nearly half the length of the head.
Caudal fin large, somewhat double-truncate, the middle rays produced
Pectoral a little more than half the length of the head, that on blind
side shorter. Ventrals reaching to anal. Rays of dorsal and anal all
simple.
Dorsal rays, 70-7G ; anal, 52-57 ;* ventrals, G. Eyes and color on the
right side.
Color above light olive-brown, vaguely clouded with light and dark
Fins reddish-brown ; a few roundish dusky blotches on dorsal and anal,
resembling in position the black vertical bars found in Platichtliys stel-
latiis. Pectoral and caudal tipped with dusky. P)lind side white, either
immaculate or else with small 1 ound rusty spots. Left side of head some-
times rusty tinged.
This species is known to us from four examples obtained with a seine
jn the harbor of Seattle, Washington Territory. We place it tempora-
rily in the genus Parophrys, inasmuch as it has the technical characters
at present assigned to that genus, i. e., the small mouth with blunt uni-
serial teeth, and tlie straight lateral line with its accessory dorsal branch.
The character of cycloid scales assigned to Parophrys needs modifica-
tion, as in Parophrys vetulus most of the scales on the cheeks and tail are
slightly ctenoid.
278 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
It is, however, evident that there is no special afiQnity existing between
the present species and Parophrys vetulus, and no very close relation
between either and Lepidopsetta isolepis Lockington, which, by its tech-
nical characters, would be also a Parophrys. The nearest natural ally
of Parophrys ischyrus is perhaps Lepidopsetta hiUneata, and the present
arrangement is to be accepted only until the relations of these forms can
be more fully investigated.
Hippoglossoides elassodon, sp. nov.
Body oblong-elliptical, strongly compressed, the dorsal and ventral
outlines regularly and pretty strongly arched. Caudal peduncle mod-
erate, about as long as deep and growing wider behind.
Head rather large, bluntish, its upper profile continuous with the
outline of the back. Depression over the eye slight. Mouth compara-
tively large, very oblique, the upper jaw somewhat concave in outline,
the lower correspondingly convex, the gape considerably wider on the
blind side than on the right side. Lower jaw rather strongly protruding,
with a considerable symphyseal knob. Maxillary rather narrow, reach-
ing to opposite the middle of the pupil or beyond, the maxillary on the
blind side much longer than the other. Premaxillary anteriorly on the
level of the interocular space.
Upper jaw with a single series of small conical teeth, which are not
very sharp. Tliese teeth are somewhat larger in front than on the sides,
and also more widely set. Everywhere they are quite small, much
smaller than in Hippoglossoides jordani^ and not larger than in H. exiUs.
Lower jaw with a single series of rather close-set teeth similar to those
in the upi)er jaw, or slightly larger ; those on the sides smaller than the
35 -4- 45
anterior teeth. Number of teeth about _ "*" ^^.
25-1- 35
Eyes large, nearly even in front, the upper eye directed somewhat
upward, but not reaching the dorsal line. Interorbital space a narrow
sharp ridge, with about two rows of minute scales ; 10 to 15 rows of
scales in an oblique series on the cheeks. A series of mucous pores
around lower eye behind. Preorbital narrow. Anterior nostril Avith a
rather long flap, posterior with a slight tube
Gill-rakers long, slender, and straight, 15 to 17 below the angle of the
ai'ch, their inner margins feebly dentate. Pyloric coeca 4.
Scales small, firm, less readily deciduous even than in S.jordani, rough
to the touch, with the spinules short and firm. Scales on head similar,
but more imbedded, those on the tail larger and rougher
Scales on blind side small, mostly smooth, except on the caudal pedun-
cle, where they are larger and rough ctenoid, like the scales on the right
side. The scales along the base of the dorsal and anal and those near
the lateral line more or less ctenoid. Scales along left side of head small,
non-imbricate, those on the preopercle and posterior part of the clieeks
becoming obsolete. The amount of roughness on the r>cales below is
subject to considerable variation.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 279
Lateral line very prominent, as in H. exilis, the tubes coarse, their
number (88 to 92) less than that of the transverse series of scales.
Scales : 41 to 50 ; 110 to 120 ; 35 to 44.
Lateral line slightly rising anteriorly, but without arch. No acces-
sory lateral line. Eays of all the fins on the eyed side (except the
posterior part of dorsal and anal) and of the caudal on the left side
covered high up with series of narrow- ctenoid scales.
Fins well developed, of firm texture, the tips of the rays protruding.
Dorsal fin beginning immediately in front of the pupil, its anterior
rays low, the others regularly increasing backwards to a point much
behind the middle of the fin, then becoming rapidly shorter, the highest
rays nearly half the length of the head and more than the length of the
caudal peduncle.
Anal fin preceded by a spine, its highest rays opposite to or in front
of those of the dorsal and equal to them, the others rapidly shortened.
Caudal long, double -truncate or convex, the middle rays considerably
l)roduced, as in H. exilis, more than in H. jordani.
Pectoral fin half the length of the head, that on blind side shorter.
Yentrals moderate, reaching past front of anal, their inner rays short-
ened.
Dorsal rays, 77 to 84; anal rays, 59 to G3; ventrals, G.
Color light olivaceous brown, nearly uniform on the body. Fins
grayish, obscurely and irregularly blotched with dusky. Blind side
plain.
This species differs from Hippoglossoides jordani and H. exilis, the two
species thus far known fiora the Pacific coast of the United States, in
the presence of but a single row of teeth in the upper jaw. From 11. jor-
dani it further differs in the much smaller teeth, fewer fin rays, and
more convex caudal. From H. exilis the small scales and firmer texture
at once distinguish it. Its nearest relative is probably the Atlantic
species, Hippoglossoides platessoides, which has a larger number of rays
in the vertical fins.
Hippoglossoides elassodon is known to us by about 20 examples of
different sizes, all obtained with hook and line from the wharves at
Seattle and Tacoma, in Washington Territory.
280 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
TaMe of proportionate measxirementa.
Parophrys ischyru
s.
Hipi>oglossoides elaasodon.
Seattle.
Seattle.
Settle.
Inches
and
lOOths.
lOOths
of
length.
Inches
and
lOOths.
lOOths
of
length.
Inches
and
lOOths.
lOOths
of%
length.
Inches lOOths
and of
lOOths. length.
17.05
14.30
43*
n
lOJ
26*
14.20
11.50
45i-
9*
31
If
9.75
7.80
41
lOJ
30
1
3i
13
12.90 !
Length to end of middle caudal rays.
Body :
10.50
46
11
9
Head :
29
1
3
Length of maxillary (from tip
12
Length of maxillary (from tip
14
16i
5
8
8
14
40
15
23§
22
17
11
77
59
6
926
120
4
15
4i
5
6
5^
6i
7
Dorsal :
6i
14
Height at longest ray
13
Uh
Anal :
Distance from snout -
3Ci
13J
90
Height at longest ray
13*
19
14i
22J
Caudal r
L( uutli of middle rays
Lcuntli of (.external rays
19
Pectonii, Iciinth
15
7
to'
52
6
88
16
9
14
Ventral, length
11
Dorsal rays
76
57
6
88
84
Anal lays
(il
Ventral rays
6
Numbir of tubes in lateral line
no
Number of transvei"se rows
110
Number of caecal appendages
Astoria, Oreg., June 16, 1880.
OIV THE CEIVITALIA OF MA¥>E EEI.S AND TSIE9R SEXUAIi CHAR-
AC TEKS.*"
By S. Til. CATTIE, AraalaeaHB, HoIIaBid.
As is well kuowu, Darwitlt has called attention to the experience of
Glinther that the females of fishes are in almost all cases larger than
the males. This was perhaps the reason that Syrski, in 18744 hi in-
vestigating the reprodnctive organs of eels, directed his attention more
especially to the smaller individuals, where he was fortunate in finding
what is called by many the organs of Syrski, and also considered to be
the male genital apparatus. Afterwards, in a variety which is known
* Uober die Genitalien der mannlichen Aale und ihre Sexual unterschiede, von S. Th.
Cattie, Phil. iiat. Caud., Decent an der Realschule zu Arnheim (Holland). Extracted
from the Zoologischer Auzeiger, 7th June, 1880, jsp. 275-279, Translated by J. A.
Kyder.
t Ch. Darwin, Descent of Man, translated into German by Cams, part ii, p. 5 et
seq.
I Abhandl. d. kais. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, April Heft, 1874.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 281
ill France under the name of Anguille pimperneau, Dareste* found the
same organ. It api^ears that only in one case {Anguilla bostoniensls)
have living spermatozoa been found in a male eel, as we learn from a
communication to the Zoologischer Anzeiger, vol. ii, No. 18, p. 15, by
A. S. Packard. The male in this case was about 430""" long (17 inches).
That the finding of such specimens is so very rare should not astonish
us, since the young eels migrate to the deep sea, where the reproductive
organs complete their development very rapidly (6 to 8 weeks), when
spawning takes place ; the old eels, the females as well as the males,
dying after the reproductive act is consummated. Though on this account
the spermatozoa, and in most cases their testicular mother cells, are
wanting, the investigation of the histological structure of the organ of
Syrski may still bring us somewhat nearer to the truth.
If one examines i^artially grown eels measuring 200-500™" in length
one will find a moderate broad band in the abdominal cavity of seme
of them, attached at its inner margin by a narrow duplicature of
the peritoneum to the air-bladder, the other margin, however, hanging
I'ree in the cavity of the abdomen. This band extends from the liver to
behind the anal opening, and is covered by thousands of fat cells. A
lobular organ, consisting also of fat cells, overlies the hinder portion of
the alimentary canal and ovarium. I found the eggs to average 0.75™™
in diameter from specimens 20-50 *^™ in length. Treated with acetic acid
and ammoniacal carmine solution, a large nuclens and nucleolus became
visible. In other examples, although the fat lobules were present, the
broad band was absent. But in exactly the same position and along
the dorsal asj)ect of the abdominal cavity a quite thin band or strip of
tissue of glass-like transparency is attached, and likewise by a fold of
connective tissue (peritoneum), to the air-bladder, and extends from the
liver to behind the anal opening. This band or strip of tissue is cre-
nated along its free margin, the lobes of which measure 0.75™™ in length
and 0.5™™ in depth, their convex portion depending into the abdominal
cavity. In this Syrskian or lobed organ one finds, along the margin where
it is attached, a fine canal, the efferent seminal duct, which, upon being
tinged with carmine, becomes quite distinct, and which may also be dem-
onstrated by means of injections. The histological structure of the fore-
going lobulated organ was investigated by Freud.t He found an areolar
structure with connective tissue corpuscles, similar to the histological
structure of the immature testes of fishes. My preparations had a sim-
ilar appearance as long as the smaller examples were the subjects of
investigation. In the largest specimens of eels Avith lobulated organs
investigated by me (445'"'" long) 1 found cylindriform strings, which
passed from the bases to the tips of the lobes, and were filled with cells.
After repeated trials with the most different reagents, I did not succeed
in clearly distinguishing a nucleus in these cells. My observations
* Compt. Reiidus, 1875. t. Ixxxi p. 159.
t Sitzungsber. d. kiiis. Akad. d. Wisseusch., Wicii, 1877, Miirz Heft,
282 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Avere made with a Zeiss immersion, objective K, oculars 2 and 3.
According' to Jacoby,* Von Seibold saw similar strings of cells in an
eel, in wliicli the lobes were very strongly developed. These strings of
cells presented to the eye the most undoubted similarity to the testicular
mother cells of spermatozoa. I also believe that the strings of cells ob-
served by me must be regarded as such. In no case did I observe any
spermatozoa.
Previous to my investigations into the histology of the testicular
lobes of the eel, I occupied myself with the question whether there were
not some other external characters distinguishing the sexes besides the
already mentioned difference in size and length. Jacoby remarks as
follows upon this point :
"1. A distinctly broader snout in the female as compared with the
slender, either elongated or short, and pointed snout of specimens with
the lobulated organs.
"2. A ligliter coloration of the female, usually quite green on the back
and yellowish or yellow on the bellj', whilst the other sex is much darker
green in color, often an intense black on the back, with always a more
marked metallic luster on the sides, and usuallj^ whitish on the belly.
" 3. A further and important external character is an api^reciable differ-
ence in the height of the dorsal fin (a point confirmed by me). All
the females have a distinctly higher and wider dorsal than males of the
same size.
"4. And, finally, we may note, although not a constantly a])preciable
character, the greater diameter of the eye of the male. Eels with strik-
ingly small eyes seem almost always to be females. Eels which have a
Syrskian organ usually have relatively large eyes, though large-eyed
females are equally common."
Jacoby then gives some measurements, the averages of a great num-
ber of eels measured by him, from which the actual value of his charac-
ters becomes apparent. I believe, nevertheless, that he attaches too
much importance to some of his characters, and some others, not less
important, he has not noticed at all.
Out of a great number of eels measured by me I select the following,
in which the measurements given in the parallel rows are taken from
pairs the lengths of which are, as nearly as possible, the same:
* Dr. L. Jacoby, Der Fisclifang iu der Lagune voa Cominacluo.
VII ^
villi
mm.
270
305
325
324
327.
327.
345
344
355
352
359
358
378
375
389
380
+i —
a S
g|
o £
^%
5*^
t« a
O "l^
o "^ "Z
■^^ o5
rfl ? iJ
X> ^^
rs a.t«
t^'=-
^^o
r«j)i.
mm.
— 4
8
4.5
8.5
— 4
8
— 5
9
— 4
9
5
10
— 4
8
4.5
9
4
+ 9
5
10
- 4.5
+ 9
5
10
4.5
9.5
6
11
4.5
9.5
— 5.5
10
62
c^ ? ="
mm.
8
9
9
10
9
—10
10
+ 10
9
10
— 9.5
10
10
12
10
11.5
7nm.
4
3.5
4.5
5
4
7n9ft.
35
35
37
39
40
40
41
43
41
42
+ 41
42
43
45
44
47.
mm.
6
— 7
7
8
6.5
7.5
6
7
— 7
7.5
— 7
+ 8
7
+ 8
7
+ 8
— 4 indicates somewhat less than 4 ; -t- 4 somewhat more than 4.
From tbis table thcconclusiou is readied tliatall the females have tbe
dorsal liu higher than those sj)ecimeiis of the same length presumed to
be males, and that with age this dif-
ference becomes still more marked.
The larged-eyed character of eels
with the lobulated organs has ap-
peared to me to be too uncertain a
feature, so much so that, according
to the foregoing table of measure-
ments, the same feature might be
assumed as characteristic of the
females. On the other hand, I attach
great importance to the broader
snout oftthe female in contrast to
the slender and pointed snout of the male. But the snout of the female
is not only broader, but also more depressed, and has the eyes more
prominent, a feature to which I would call special attention, and one
which I do not find in the male. In contrast, the snout of the male eel
is more convex, as will be seen by comparing the accompanying outline
sketches.
If one will only notice the width or slenderness of the dorsal, and
more especially the broad, depressed snout of the female, with the promi-
nent eyes, as compared with the slender, convex snout of the male, it
will require little trouble to pick out the specimens from these data con-
jectured to be males.
On an average amongst twenty eels, measuring 300-500"'™ in length,
furnished me by different fisherman, I found 5 eels with lobulated organs
or 25 per cent. If, however, I paid attention to the two most impor-
284 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tant characters, namely, the relative proportions of the dorsal and snout,
by their help picking out those specimens which appeared to be males, I
actually found 80 to 90 per cent, of the individuals so selected to be males
with the Syrskian organ.
I found it impossible to discover distinctive sexual differences of col-
oration ; all the males and females investigated by me were of a white
color ventrally, green above, with a metalic luster on the sides.
DESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPAROID FISH (SPAKUS BRACHYSOMUS),
FKOiTI 1.0WER CAI^IFOR.'VIA.
By W. N. LOCKIWGTON.
Spams brachysomus n. sp.
D. - ; A. ^ : P. 15: Y. ^: C. 3-9-8-3: L. lat. cir. 50.
12' IL 5
Body compressed, high ; snout and forehead rising in nearly a straight
line, at an angle of about fifty degrees with the axis of the body, to the
occiput. From this point the dorsal outline arches upwards to the third
dorsal spine, then downwards in a continuous arch to the end of the dor-
sal fin. Abdominal outline much less curved than the dorsal, the anal
portion more curved than the anterior x)ortion, lower jaw curved, outline
between lower jaw and ventrals nearly straight.
Greatest depth 2§; length of head about 3-1^; dorsal base about 2-^',
pectoral about 3| times iu the greatest length ; snout (along axis of body)
f ; orbit 4^ ; interocular width 3|- f in the length of the head ; least depth
of caudal peduncle 5^ times iii the greatest depth.
Posterior extremity of maxillary falling somewbat short of the ante-
rior margin of the orbit, its upper margin concealed beneath the pre-
orbital throughout ; no prominent knob at upper extremity. Lower jaw
shorter than the upper.
Nostrils simple ; the posterior a large elongated slit close in front of
the orbit and on a level with the lower half of the eye; the anterior a
small circular foramen situated at a lower level than the posterior and
about one-fourth of the diameter of the eye in advance of it.
Interocular space considerably convex transversely, but only slightly
so longitudinally.
Posterior margin of j)reoperculum straight and vertical, lower line
convex, the angle of junction strongly rouuded. Operculum ending in
a flat point; suboperculum membranous at tip.
Numerous conical teeth in frout of the jaws, the anterior row consid-
erably larger than those behind. Three rows of molars in the upper jaw,
two in the lower. In the specimens examined there are 9 large incisors
in the mandible, forming a bold arc, the interior of which contains about
five irregular rows of crowded cardiform teeth, reaching back to the an-
terior small molars. Upper jaw similar, with 7-10 large incisor teeth.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 285
Number of molars in each row of lower jaw variable, but usually 9 ou
each side, those of the iinier row increasiug in size to the last, or to the
penultimate, which sometimes exceeds the last in size. Teeth of outer
row also increasing in size posteriorly, but to a less extent and less regu-
larly, so that the hinder four molars of the inner row are much larger
than their neighbors in the outer row. The two inner rows meet at aa
acute angle, the anterior pair in contact.
Inner row of molars of intermaxillaries consisting of 21 teeth, of wliicli
G-7 form a row on each side, and increase in size to the hindermost or
the one in front of it, while the remainder form a curved line of small
tubercular teeth of even size along the inner side of the front of the
jaw, behind the band of incisors. Outer row of molars 8 in nund)er,
similar to those of the lower jaw. IMiddh^ row formed of more numerous
(about 14) and, on the whole, smaller teeth than either of the outer
rows, increasing in size posteriorly, so that, though tlie anterioi- five or
six are very small, the posterior ones are about e<iual in size to the
smaller teeth of the outer row. The hindmost four or live teeth of the
inner row in all cases exceed greatly in size any teeth in the otljer rows.
Gill-rakers consisting of clusters of pin-like, slender teeth set ui)on
tubercles; those of the last two pairs of branchial arches largest. The
princii)al clusters of teeth are triangular, with several rows of teeth, the
largest behind, the other rows diminishing in length and in size of teeth
as they succeed each other anteriorly.
Pharyngeal bones, upptr and lower, covered with a dense cluster of
teeth similar to those in front of the jaws. The inner row of the lower
pharyngeals larger than those in front, wliich are about four in nuaiber,
and the anterior teeth rather larger than the posterior.
Dorsal commencing immediately over the pectoral base ; first S})ine
about one-fourth the length ; second spine eleven-twentieths of length
of third; fourth broken in specimen examined; fifth slightly sliorter;
and the remaining spines <lecreasing regularly to the twelfth, which is
less than half as long as the third.
Rays of soft dorsal twice bifurcate.
Second anal spine longer than the third and about twice as long as
the first, wliich is inserted a little behind the pectoral base ; rays twice
bifurcate.
Caudal deeply and triangulately emarginate on its hinder border, the
free portion of the central rays about one-third the length of that of
the outer rays. Outer pair of principal rays undivided, most of the
others four times bifurcate.
Fifth ray of pectorals longest, fourth but little shorter, lower rays
tapering rapidly, producing a rather narrow elongate fin; rays twice
bifurcate.
First soft ray of ventrals longest; rays three times bifurcate.
Scales large, broader than long, slightly striated and scalloped ou
their engaged margin, posterior margin rounded, anterior somewhnt an-
gular, the center advancing. Scales of body subequal, operculum and
286 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
preopercnlum witli rather smaller scales, those of interoperciilum smaller
still. Margins of orbit scaleless, the scales of occiput, which are rather
small, advancing to a point very slightly in advance of the anterior or-
bital margin. Cheeks, jaws, and fins scaleless.
Lateral line appro\iching gradually nearer to the dorsal outline toward
the i)osterior portion of the body, and running a little above the center
of the caudal peduncle ; pores simple.
Color, in alcohol, dark brown on snout and cheeks, fading to silvery
on sides and rest of body 5 behind the pectorals there are traces of
golden reflections.
On the orbital margin, just above the posterior nostril, there is a
tubercular projection of the bone.
Several specimens of this species were sent from Magdalena Bay,
Lower California, by Mr. W. J. Fisher. They were unfortunately in
rather bad condition, so that the tips of the rays of the soft dorsal and
anal are broken off both in the examjile described and in others which
were carbolized and dried.
One of the examples is in the National Museum, Washington, D. C.
This species should probably be placed in the genus Calamus Poey,
which includes also the Fagellus calamus of Cuv. & Val., but as I have
not Poey's work at hand I leave it in the Linnsean genus Sparus.
Dimensions.
Inches.
Total length from tip of suoiu to tip of caudal lobe . . * 14. 00
Total length from tip of snout to end of middle caudal rays 12. 37
Greatest dej)th across pectoral base 5. 2.5
Depth of caudal peduncle 1. 00
Length of head to tip of opercular spine 3. 42
Tip of snout to upper pectoral axil 3. 90
Tip of snout to origin of nnal 7. 70
Tip of snout to origin of dorsal, along dorsal outline 5. 5.")
Tip of snout to anterior axil of ventrals, along abdominal outline 4. .35
From orbit to tip of* upper jaw, in straight line 2. 25
Upper margin of orbit to level of center of interocular space 37
Longitudinal diameter of eye 76
Width of interocular space 92
Length of snout 1.60
Tip of snout to end of maxillary. ,. 1. 52
Length of pectorals, center ray 3. fc8
Length of ventrals 2. 40
Length of base of dorsal 6. 07
Length of base of spinous dorsal 3. 88
Length of first spine of dorsal .53
Length of second spine of dorsal . 1. 10
Length of third spine of dorsal 2. 03
Length of fifth si)ine of dorsal -. 1.97
Length of anal base 2. 15
Lengtli of first anal spine 45
Length of second anal spine -94
Length of third anal spine 73
Greatest thickness at operculum L''5
Greatest distance from abdominal outline to lateral line 4. 05
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 287
»ES€RBI»TI01V OF SEVEIV IVEW SPECIES OF SEBASTOIO FISHES,
FKOITI TBIE COAST OF CAf.SFORIVIA.
By I>AVSI> S. JOISDAN ami CfilARLKS II. GILBERT.
The Sebastoid fishes of the coast of Califoruia have been referred by
Professor Gill to four genera : Sehasfodes (type paucispinis), Sehasfosomns
(type melanops)^ Sebastomus (type rosaceus), and SehasUchthys {tyi^enigro-
cinctun)^ the first separated by the small size of the scales, the others
mainly differentiated by the degree of development in the spines of the
head. The genus Sebastodes we consider valid, referring to it only
paucispinis, although the afiBuities between paucispinis and the group
termed Schastosomus are not remote, as is shown by the smooth head,'
protruding lower jaw, small scales, and longer anal fin in the latter grouj).
The discovery by us of numerous additional species not known to
Professor Gill renders it evident to us that the groups Sehastosomus and
Scbastomus cannot be maintained as genera distinct from Sehastichthys^
and that, in order to recognize them as subgenera even, a different dis-
tribution of the species must be adopted.
The Californian species known to Professor Gill are distributed by
him as follows :
Genus Sebastodes.
paucispinis.
Genus Sebastosomus.
melanops.
simulans.
flavidus.
ovalis.
pinniger.
Genus Sebastomus.
elongatus.
rosaceus.
ruber.
auriculatus.
nebulosus.
Genus Sebastichthys.
nigrocinctus.
The following arrangement expresses our present views as to the
relations of the species known to us, so far as it can be shown in a linear
series.
Genus Sebastodes.
j)aucispinis.
Genus Sebastichthys.
Series (or subgenus) Sebastosomus.
melanops.
288 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
simiilans.
flavidiis.
ovalis.
Series (or subgenus) Sehastichthys.
atrovirens.
pinniger.
eloiiffatus.
rubrivinctus.
auriculatus.
vexillaris.
chlorostictus.
rosaceus.
constellatus.
ruber.
rastrelliger.
nebulosus.
fasciolaris.
serriceps.
nigrociuctus.
Of the foregoing species we have examined a large series of all except
ovalis, rubrivinctus, and nigrocinctus. All the species except nigrocinctus,
ovalis, and riihrivinctus are of frequent occurrence in tlie San Francisco
markets.
The characters drawn from the presence or absence of the diiferent
pairs of spinous ridges on the top of the head are among the most
reliable in this group, although not hitherto accurately given by the
describers of the species. Some individual irregulaiitics may be
observed, but these are usually readily detected.
For these spines w^e have adopted the following names: N^asal: those
near the nostrds; present in all our species of Sehastichthys. Preocular:
for those above the front of the eye ; present in all excei)t flavidus and
simulans. In melanops the ridge is present, but it usually does not end
in a spine. Supraocular : above the eye ; present in all but simulans,
melanops, and jiavidus. Postocular : close behind these ; present in most
of the red species, usually wanting in others. Tympanic: behind the
postoculai', and generally present. Occipital : long ridges on the pos-
terior part of the liead on each side of the occipital crest. These ridges
end in opines in all except .-nclanops, simulans, a,nd Jiavidus. Coronal:
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 289
a pair of distinct spinous ridges in front of the occipital ridge; present
in one species only — auriculatus. NucJial: close behind the occipital;
in one species [serriceps) large and distinct, in the others either wanting
or often coalescent with the preceding.
Two suprascapular spines are present in all the species excei)t auricu-
latKs, ^vliich has three on each side.
The following table gives the names of the spinigerous ridges on the
top of the head usuallii present in each species, beginning with those in
which the ridges are least elevated :
Pairs.
Paueispinis, preocitlar, occipital 2
Flavidtis, nasal 1
MeJavops, nasal and preocular lor2
Simulans, nasal . 1
Ooalis, nasal, preocnlar, supruocnlar, postocnlar, tympanic, and occipital 6
Pinnujer, nasal, preocnlar, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occipital 6
gAtrovirens, nasal, preocular, supraocular, occipital, and sometimes tympanic... 4 or 5
Elonyatus, nasal, i)reocular, supraocular, tympanic, occijiital 5
Easirell'ujer, nasal, x>reocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital. - 5
Auriculatus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, coronal, occipital, and
often nuchal 7
Vcxillaris, nasal, preocular, supraocular, occipital, and sometimes tympEyiic ... 4 or 5
Chlorostictus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occipital 6
Buhrivinctus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital 5
Eosacens, nasal, preocular, sui^raocular, postocular, tymxianic, occipital 6
Constellatus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occij)ital 6
JSfebulosus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital 5
Buber, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postocular, tympanic, occipital
Fasclolaris, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital 5
Serriceps, nasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, occipital, nuchal 6
Nigrocinctus, nasal, preocular, supraocular, postociilar, occipital 5
The character of the gill-rakers has been hitherto unnoticed. In this
regard the species may be grouped as follows :
1. Long and slender : Jiavidus, simulans^ ovalis.jnnniger, onelanojjs, atro-
virens.
2. Long and rather strong : rexiUaris, elongatns, cJiIorostictris, rosaceus.
3. Stout and rather short, usually not clavate, but constricted toward
the tips : ruhrivinctus, auriculatus, constellatus, ruher.
4. Stout, short, compressed, and clavate : nehulosus, fasciolaris, serri-
ceps, nigrocinctus.
5. Very short, broader than high : rastrelliger.
Sebastichthys atro virens sp. noY.
Allied to 8. pimiiger. Body oblong, not very stout, not tapering
rapidly backward. Head moderate, rather pointed, its upper outline
with a slightly curved slope from the snout to the nuchal region.
Moutli moderate, not very oblique, the lower jaw little projecting, the
rather sleuder maxillary extending to the posterior border of the pupil ;
the premaxillary below the horizon of the pupil. Maxillary largely
scaly. Eye large, about three and a half times in length of head.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 19 Sept. S8, 1880.
290 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Eidges on top of head rather low, not ending in very prominent
si)iues. The following pairs are present : N'asal, preociUar, supraocular,
and occipital., four in all. Occasionally the tympanic spine is alsodevel-
oi)ed, although very small. The nasal spines are quite prominent. The
preocular and superocnlar moderately so, but short. The occipital
spines are comparatively short and low.
Preorbital bone with the neck very narrow, scarcely one-fifth the di-
ameter of the eye, provided anteriorly with two stout spines, which pro-
ject backward.
Preopercular spines short, but rather sharp, the second longer and
slenderer than the others, all of them iiointed. Subopercle and interoper-
cle with spines. Opercular and suprascapular spines sharp.
Interorbital space rather broad and slightly convex, widened back-
ward, a little depressed on each side next the supraocular spine, its
width less than that of the eye and more than the length of the occipital
spine.
Gill-rakers long and slender, but stouter, rougher, and shorter than
in 8. pinniger, 9 above the angle and aboiit 22 below ; the longest two-
fifths the diameter of the eye, about half the interorbital space.
Scales on the head rather large, about 15 in a cross-series on the
checks above the suborbital stay. Preorbital scaly.
Scales on body large and somewhat more regularly arranged than usual.
Accessory scales present, but not numerous ; 52 transverse series of
scales.
Dorsal spines moderate, the fifth and sixth spines highest, the others
regularly sliortened each way, the twelfth about as long as the first, the
membrane joining the thirteenth less than half way up; the highest
spine rather less than half the length of the head and lower than the
soft rays, which are rather high. Caudal slightly rounded.
Anal fin short and high, its spines slender, the second shorter than
the third, and not much stronger. Pectorals long and narrow, reaching
past the vent and nearly to the beginning of the anal, their length
seven-eighths that of the head, their base quite narrow, less than the
diameter of the eye. Ventrals long, reaching just past the vent.
D. XII, I, 14; A. Ill, 7.
Color similar to that of 8. rasfrcUiger, but i^aler, usually olive-green,
marbled with darker; belly pale yellowish green ; fins olivaceous. Some-
times this species is quite dark, but it never shows red tints either on
body or fins.
This species is closely related to S. pinniger, from which it differs in
the absence of the postocular and tympanic spines and in the coloration,
8. pinnigcr being always chiefl}^ orange-red. Externally it resembles 8.
t astrelligcr most, but it may be known at once from the latter species
by the long gill rakers and narrow pectorals.
8. afrovirens is very abundant from Point Concepcion as far as San
Diego. About Catiliua Island it is the most abundant species of the
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 291
genus. It is frequently seen in the San Francisco markets. It reaches
a length of about 15 inches, and is usually known as Garrupa or Grouper.
Sebastichtiiys rubrivinctus sp. nov.
Body robust, rather deep and couipressed, tapering behind to a slen-
der caudal peduncle.
Head long, acute in profile, there being a nearly straight slope from
a bony prominence in front of the spinous dorsal to the tip of the lower
jaw. Mouth rather large, oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting.
Maxillary broad, scaleless, extending to opposite the middle of the eye;
anterior edge of iiremaxillary o'n the level of the lower border of the eye.
Eidges on top of head quite low, five pairs of them ending in spines,
which are bluntish and depressed. Nasal j preocular, supraocular, tym-
panic, and occipital spines present. In one example the nasal spines are
covered by the skin. Ocular ridges not much elevated.
Interorbital space tlattish, narrow, not so broad as the eye, not wid-
ened behind, covered with rather sparse, almost cycloid, scales. Two
long frontal ridges extend the length of the interorbital space. These
are coveretl with bare skin. Behind and between these are two shorter
ridges occui)ying the place of the coronal ridges found in 8. auriculatus.
These two are covered by naked skin, and do not end in spines. Tym-
l)auic spines well developed. Occipital ridges long, curved, diverging
behind.
Suborbital stay very prominent, its tip nearly reaching the preopercle.
Preopercle with five very strong spines, the three uppermost very
long and sharp, the second the longest. Subopercle and interopercle
entire. Opercle above with two sharp, long spines. Suprascapular with
two strong spines. Preorbital very wide, its neck two-fifths the diameter
of the eye, with one sharp spine and a large prominence, which usually
ends in a spine also.
Eye extremely large, its diameter 3 J in length of head.
Gill-rakers rather short, rather robust, much compressed, toothed on
the inner margin, the longest about one-fourth the length of the eye.
Gill-rakers 8 + 20 in number, about 4 + 16 of them being free.
Scales on head all small and thin, mostly cycloid, the minute acces-
sory scales extremely numerous. Scales of body smoother than usual,
the accessory scales numerous oh the posterior part and on the nuchal
region, where the scales generally are smaller and more crowded than
on the flanks.
Dorsal spines robust, rather high, the fifth the highest, not quite half
the length of the head; those behind rapidly shortened to the twelfth;
the twelfth spine lower than the first and much less than half the height
of the fifth, its membrane joining the thirteenth spine below its middle.
Soft rays about equal in height to the spines. Caudal fin very slightly
emarginate. Anal rather low, its second spine much longer and stronger
than the third, both robust. Pectorals moderate, not reaching vent;
292 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
tlie base moderate, nearly equal to the diameter of tlie eye. Ventrals
not reaching- tips of pectorals.
D. XIII, 14; A. Ill, 7. Scales in about 48 transverse series.
Color very pale rose-red, almost white, with cross-bars of a deep,
intense crimson-red, these bands broadest on the back. One of the
bands runs across the eye, snout, suborbital, and maxillary, with in-
distinct boundaries ; the next across the nuchal region and front of
dorsal and opercle 5 the next across the middle of the spinous dorsal,
including the ventrals and the posterior half of the pectorals ; another
across the soft dorsal and anal; another across the base of the caudal,
the fin itself being deep rose color. The other fins share the color of
that part of the body against which they lie.
This species is known from two examples, each about one foot long,
taken on a reef in Santa Barbara Channel, by J. Weinmiller, February
14, 1880.
Afterwards about eight others, larger than the original types, were
taken in deep water near Monterey. It is known to the fishermen as
the ''Spanish Flag," and is the most brilliantly colored large fish on the
Pacific coast.
Its relations to the other red species are not intimate.
Sebastichthys vexillaris sp. nov.
Body stout and compressed; the back elevated; the form rather
deeper and more elliptical than ,in the other red species. Head mod-
erate; the profile moderately acute. Mouth rather large, moderately
oblique, the broad maxillary usually extending to a point somewhat
behind the orbit. Premaxillary anteriorly on the level of the lower
edge of the pupil. Jaws subequal, the lower somewhat projecting, but
without symphyseal knob; the upper jaw not emarginate.
Ridges on top of head long and low, rather broader and lower than
in the other red species; their spines rather depressed. The following-
pairs of spines are present, four or five in all: Nasal, preocular, supra-
ocular, occipital, and sometimes tympanic. The nasal spines are promi-
nent; the preocular spines are quite conspicuous and extend well back-
ward ; the isupraocular ridge is depressed and broad, its spine triangu-
lar ; the occipital spines are rather long and diverge backward. In
some specimens a tympanic spine is present, which is wanting in the
others. The interorbital space is broad and flattish, broader than iu
related species, about equal to the diameter of the orbit. It is occupied
by two raised ridges, which are covered by the scales. In large speci-
mens these ridges are quite obscure.
Preopercular spines moderate; some of them usually divided into
two, three, or four at tip, the middle one the largest. Tbe degree of
division of these spines is quite variable, but at least the middle spine
is usually divided.
Posterior border of the interopercle with a strong spine, above which
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 293
are oue to three coiisi^icuous siiines on tbe siibopercle. Opercle with
two .diverging spines, above whicli are two suprascapnlar spines.
Eye moderate, high up, 4 to 4i in head. Preorbital with the neck
very broad, with two bhmti.sh downward directed spines in front, its
narrowest i)ortion two-fifths tlie diameter of the eye. Suborbital stay
short and rather weak. Maxillary and preorbital with fine scales.
Gill-rakers rather long and strong, compressed, toothed on the inner
margin, shorter than in atrovirens, the longest slightly clavate, about half
the length of the eye; the number about — -, nearly ail of them free.
Scales moderate, with few accessory smaller ones, in* 55 transverse
series.
Dorsal spines very strong and high, about as in chlorostictus, higher
than in any other species; the first about half as long as the eye; the
fourth the highest, more than half the length of the head, and much
liigher than the soft rays. The twelfth spine is a little higher than the
first, and its membrane joins the thirteenth about half-way up. Mem-
brane of spinous dorsal rather more<1eeply incised than in other species.
Soft dorsal rather high, but lower than the spines.
Anal spines much smaller than in rosaceiis, etc.; the second not longer
than the third, and not much stronger; about two-thirds as high as the
soft rays. Soft rays of anal hi<ih. Caudal truncate. Peiitoral shorter
than head, not reaching the vent ; its base rather broad.
Ventrals moderate, not reaching vent.
D. XIII, IG; A. Ill, C.
Color rather bright and pale, yellowish red, becoming lighter below,
the reddish and yellowish forming large and irregular areas, sometimes
one shade in^edominating, sometimes the other. A pink cross-blotch on
the back at the base of the second and third dorsal spines. Upper parts
of the head mostly pink, with broad olive- shades running backward,
one on the lower lip, one on the maxillary, one from preorbital region
downward, one from the eye backward and downward across the clieeks,
and another across the opercular spines. Fins all pinkish red ; the mem-
branes olive. Top of head usually with alternating cross-shades of
pinkish and yellowish. In some specimens the yellowish shades are re-
placed by light olive. Others are quite red; others still are quite
brownish. The spots on the back show a tendency to the rosy spots
found in constcUatus and rosaccus.
This species was first known to us from two specimens taken on a
reef in Santa Barbara Channel. A single example was afterwards
noticed in the museum of the California Academy of Sciences, an(t
numerous others have been since obtained in the San Francisco markets,
where it is very common. It reaches a larger size than its relatives,
chlorostictns and constellatus, found in the same markets, and, like them,
it has been confounded by previous observers with romceiis and anricu-
latus. It ma}' be known from its relatives by its high dorsal spines, low
294 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
anal spines, and the smaller number of ridges on tbe top of the bead.
Jts relations are probably more near to S. nehulosus tban to tbe otber red
species.
Sebastichtiiys ohlorostictus sp. nov.
Body oblong, tapering- into a rather slender caudal peduncle, the back
not much elevated. Uead moderate, the profile rather steep, with a
nearly even slope.
Mouth large, oblique, the maxillary reaching to behind the pupil, the
premaxillary in front below the level of the large eye. Jaws equal iu
the closed mouth, the tip of the lower fitting into the emarginate upper
jaw ; a ratbor conspicuous symphyseal knob. Preorbital sinuate, usually
with two or three flat spines.
Eidges on top of head rather sharp and high, ending in sharp spines.
These ridges are longer than in nehulosus and serricejjs, and much less
elevated. These ridges are much higher than in vexlllaris; about as in
consteJlatus.
The following pairs of spines are present: I^asalj ineocular^ supraocu-
lar , posiocular^ tympanic^ and occipital — G jiairs.
Interorbital space concave, with two rather prominent ridges.
Preopercular spines rather sharp, the second longest and slenderest;
the lower bjuntish, but well developed. Opercular spines sharp; su-
prascapular spines well developed. A spine on interopercle and on
subopercle.
Gill-rakers long and rather strong, not clavate, the longest about two-
fifths the diameter of the eye. They are longer than in any other of the
red group, rather longer than in vcxillaris. Scales on head less devel-
oped than in S. constellatus ; the snout wholly free from scales. Mandi-
ble nearly or quite naked. Scales on body moderate, iu about 55 trans-
verse series.
Dorsal spines very high, nearly as high as in vexillaris; the fourth
highest, one-third higher than the soft rays, which are also considerably
elevated.
Dorsal fin rather deeply emarginate ; caudal fin emarginate ; anal fin
not very high, its second spine much higher and stronger than the third,
about as high as the soft rays. Pectorals with moderate base reaching
beyond tijis of veutrals, about to vent.
D. Xlll, 14; A. Ill, 6.
Color rather light olivaceous above, and pinkish overlaid with golden
on the sides. Head light red and goldeit. Three roundish light spots
placed as in constellatus and rosace us, but uuich less distinct. Tiiere are
no small light spots on the body. The upi)er parts of the body, from just
below the lateral line, are closely co\ ered with small round spots of a
clear olive-green. These spots are most distinct on the back and the
top of the head. On the sides of the body, just above and below the
lateral line, these spots form two continuous series, following tbe course
PROCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 295
of the lateral line. Eyes above with green spots. Fins nearly j)lam
red ; the dorsal spotted with olive.
This species is known to us from numerous specimens obtained in the
San Francisco market, taken in deep water at Monterey. It is not rare,
but it lias been hitherto confouilded with rosaceiis, from which it may be
known at once by the green spots and the great height of the dorsal.
Sebastichthts constellatus sp. nov.
Body rather robust, heavy forwards, tapering into a rather slender
caudal peduncle. Ilead rather pointed in profile, the slope nearly-
straight from the tip of the snout to the base of the dorsal.
Mouth large, oblique, the lower jaw slightly projecting beyond the
emarginated tip of the ui)per jaw. A consx)icuous knob just beyond the
symphysis of the lower jaw.
Maxillary very broad, extending to beyond the line of the pupil, its
middle part with many small scales; premaxillary in front just below
the level of the eye.
Ridges on top of the head well developed, rather high and narrow,
ending in moderate spines. The following pairs are present: Nasaly
preocular, supraocular^ postocular^ fytnpanic, and occipital. The inter-
orbital area has two prominent ridges covered by the scales, and not
ending in spines. Behind these is a deep concavity. The nasal spines
are bluntish, the preocular sharp, the supraocular ridge rather short,
the postocular and tympanic similar to each other. The occipital ridge
is long, curved, enduig in a sharp sjune. Two suprascapular spines.
Preopercle with its first and third spines triangular, bluntish, the sec-
ond long and sharp, the fourth and fifth reduced to bluntish prominences.
Opercle with two strong spines above. Slight spines on the subopercle
and interopercle.
Preorbital wide, its neck about one-thiid the diameter of the orbit,
its edge lobed, without spines.
Eye large, 4.^ in head.
]\lnzzle and ])reorbital scaled to the tip of the snout more completely
than in other species, mandible scaly.
Gill-rakers short, very thick, compressed, clavate, with a'tuft of spine-
like teeth at tip, the longest of them about one-fifth the diameter of the
eye, their number o -{- 24 free ones, besides rudiments. Scales strongly
ctenoid, the accessory scales largely developed ; 53 transverse series.
Dorsal spines rather strong, rather low, the fourth the longest, a little
more than one-third the length of the head. Twelfth spine rather short,
shorter than the first, its membrane joining the thirteenth spine about
lialf-way up.
Soft dorsal rather low, about equal to the spines.
Anal with the second siniie robust, curved, considerably longer than
the third, higher thiui the soft rays. Caudal very slightly emarginate.
296 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Pectorals rcacliiug beyond tips of veutrals, about to vent, their length
two-thirds that of the head.
D. XIII, i;5; A. Ill, 6.
Head densely covered with small scales ; a series across the cheeks
along- the upper edge of the suborbital stay usually numbering 30 to 40,
the increased number being due to the greater development of the ac-
cessory scales.
Color rather light, bright orange-red, the back olive shaded, the belly
yellowish. Cheeks with red and yellowish shades. Head and body
everywhere closely covered with small roundish pale spots. The spots
above are light rose color; below are nearly white and larger. Four or
five roundish rose-colored spots on the back, besides some mottlings of
a similar shade. The llrst spot, often obscure, under the fourth dorsal
spine ; the next near the lateral line under the eighth dorsal spine ; the
next close to the junction of the two parts of the dorsal ; the fourth
under the end of the soft dorsal ; a fifth sometimes near the base of
eighth dorsal spine. Opercular fiap Avith a rosy spot. Fins light red-
dish, shaded with olive, or nearly uniform. Dorsal speckled at base
with light and dark.
This beautiCul species was first noticed by us in Santa Barbara Chan-
nel, where a single example was obtained. It is abundant in the mar-
kets of San Francisco, where it has been confounded with rosaceus on
account of the similarity of the pink spots. The numerous stellate light
spots, however, distinguish it at sight. It is very closely related to
rosaceus, however.
The discovery of three species in the waters of California having the
light spots supposed to distinguish S. rosaceus, invalidates the identifi-
cation of that si^ecies with the similarly spotted >S'. oculatus of Chili.
Sebastichthys rastrelliger sp. nov.
Body rather oblong, deepest at the shoulders, slowly tapering back-
ward to a rather deep caudal i)eduncle ; head short, rather blunt and
deep, the upper profile straight; mouth moderate, little oblique, the
maxillary reaching to the posterior margin of the eye, the premaxilliary
rather below the level of the eye ; jaws equal, the lower convex, not
produced at tip, and without symphyseal knob.
Preorbital bone moderate, the width of its neck about two-fifths the
diameter of the eye, its free margiu sinuate, without spines.
Eye moderate, anterior, its diameter about 4J in head.
Eidges on head strong, but broad and depressed, ending in small
spines. The following pairs present : Nasal, preocular, supraocular, tym-
panic, and occipital, five in all. The occipital ridges are very long, equal-
ing the diameter of the orbit; preo[)ercular spines short and stout, the
two upper subequal ; oijercular spines usually verj^ broad and flat, their
I)Osterior edge sometimes serrated or bifid ; suprascapular spines strong;
spines on interopercle and subopercle small, sometimes obsolete ; inter-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 297
orbital space moderate, ]ess than the diameter of the eye, flattish, with
two low ridges ; spines of head little divergent backwards.
Gill-rakers very short, wide, compressed, the longest as wide as high,
the shortest much wider and not free, all strongly toothed on anterior
7
margin and side; the number about — - only 6 to 9 of them being mov-
able.
Scales on body large, the accessory scales almost wanting; about 45
transverse series, and about 50 in the course of the lateral line.
Dorsal spines low, the fifth highest, about two-fifths the length of the
head; the last spines not much shortened ; the fin comparatively little
emarginate; soft rays considerably higher than the spines. Caudal fin
slightly rounded. Aual tin short and high, its spines low, the second as
high as the third and much stouter. Pectorals rather short, reaching
vent, their base extremely broad, its widtli greater than the length of the
eye and about one-third the length of the head; the lower rays much
thickened. Ventrals moderate, not quite reaching the tips of the pecto-
rals.
D. Xlir, 13; A. Ill, G.
Color blackish green, with paler mottlings, the sides spotted with
darker ; belly i^ale greenish, often many scales on the side, each with a
darker spot ; paired fins dark, often tinged with reddish ; other fins
chiefly olivaceous, mottled with darker; anal fin often spotted with
black. The brigiitness of the olive and greenish shades is quite vari-
able, but the species is always without bands or distinct markings and
without distinct red.
This species is extremely abundant from Point Concepcion to Santa
Catalina Island, and large numbers come into the San Francisco market.
It may be known at once from all the others by the small gillrakers
("rastra") and by the breadth of its pectoral fins. It grows to the
length of about 15 inches.
S. rastrclllger is intermediate, in regard to the development of the
spines, between the grou[)s termed Scbastomus and Sebastosomtis by Pro-
fessor Gill. Its relations with 8. nehnlosus are most intimate, and it
forms the base of a series ascending in degree of roughness of head, ter-
minating in the extreme of 8, nigrocinctus.
Sebastichthys fasciolaeis Lockington, nom. sp. no v.
{Scbastes fasciatus Girard, not of Storer.)
The form described and figured by Girard as SeMstes fasciatus is, in
our opinion, specifically distinct from 8cbasfes nebulosus of Ayres, with
which it has usually been identified.
The JinjnQ fasciatus is preoccupied in this group. We have therefore
adopted the above name, proposed by JMr. Lockington in MSS.
Sehastiehthys fascioJaris is very closely related to 8. nebulosus. It is
rather stouter, and the slope of the profile is steeper. The ridges on
298 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
the top of the head are much higher and stronger, especially the occip-
ital ridge, which forms a wall-Mke elevation, much as in S. serriceps.
The sides of this ridge are vertical, or even directed upward.
The color of this species is very constant and quite distinct from that
of nebulosus. It is nearly black, everywhere speckled with whitish.
There are coarse yellowish blotches on the sides of the head and body,
and a broad, yellowisli, lateral band. This band begins on the mem-
brane of the third and fourth dorsal spines, and extends downward to
the lateral line, which it follows to the tail.. The edges of this band are
very uneven, and it is of varying width, but it is always distinct and
continuous. The body is mottled with light and dark, and the fins are
all blackish, Avith pale spots.
In the bluntish sj^ines of the sides of the head, the horizontal mouth,
with shortish subequal jaws, the short, thickish gill-rakers, the high
dorsal spines, and moderate, subequal anal spines, this species agrees
with S. nebidosus. Both species are common in the San Francisco mar-
ket, in about equal abundance.
Measurements in himdredtlis of length to base of caudal.
o
fcu
i-*
g
,=1
.2
s
2
o
o
P
o
O
Body:
Greatest height
Least height of tail
Head :
38
11
35
10
8.5
5
3
18
2. 5
6
5
32.5
13
15.5
13.5
14
20. 5
27
11
26.5
XIII, 13
111,5
55
8.7
10.4
30
12
41
9
8.5
6
2.5
20
1.5
8
6
35
13
16
15
12
9
19
20
27
11
22
XIII, 13
111,6
47
9.25
11.3
3.5. 5
12
37.5
9.2
11
8
1.5
17
3.5
6
6
35
16
19
15
14.5
15
20
21
32
8.8
24.5
XIII, 14
111,7
47
7.25
8.75
40
10
38
11
9.5
5.7
3
10
2.3
9.3
6
38
10
15
12.5
15
13.5
20
15.3
24
9.5
19.5
XIII, 14
111,7
50
9.7
11.3
30
12.5
37.2
8.5
8
7
2
17.5
3
0.5
5
33
21
15.2
15
14.0
12.2
20
17.5
27
11
22
Xlil, 13
111,6
56
11.3
14. 25
34.5
9.5
40
10
0.8
41
9
42
11.3
Orbit
11.5
Least v.iilth of preorbital
MaxiUarv
2.5
18.5
3.8
7.5
5.2
36.2
21.5
10.7
13
16.0
14.5
18
18
20.6
Loimest gill-raker
4
8
Supraocular ridge
Dorsal :
Snout to dorsal
40
15
Longest ray
Anal :
14
10
13
Longest i-ay
Caudal length
15
18.5
Pcetoral, length
Widthofbusc.
Ventral leu"th
24
9.5
21
xm,i3
111,0
42
9.3
11.2
10
18
1)01 sal .".
Anal -
XIII, 14
111,0
Transverse rows of scales, . .
Length to base of caudal, in
48
6.23
Extreme length, in inches
8.05
San Francisco, Cal., February 28, 1880.
Note. — The iiublication of this paper has been accidentally delayed for some time.
Meanwhile the writers have discovered a number of additional species oi Sebastichthys
descriptions of which precede those of the iiresent species, although of course no al-
lusion is made to them in this earlier x^aper.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 299
DESCR3PT80IV OF A NEW EITIBaOTOCOm (ABEOIVA AUR©KA),
FKOTI ^aO-VTEKEV, C'ALaEOKNIA, WlTfil NOTES 0.\ A REL,ATEO
By DATie S. JOKDAN aaad CHAR1.ES H. GIJLBEKT.
Body very elongate, with dorsal and ventral outlines e^ enly curved ;
caudal peduncle very long, thick at base ; snout blunt and rounded, top
of head everywhere transversely convex and the occipital region but
little depressed.
Mouth small and oblique, the lower jaw somewhat shorter than the
upper and included. The nuixillary reaches but two thirds the distance
to front of orbit 5 premaxillaries anteriorly about on a level with lower
rim of orbit.
Teeth long and strong, somewhat compressed and incisor-like, arranged
in a close series; each tooth with three short-rounded lobes near the end,
the middle lobe the longest; their form precisely as in Abtona minima.
These incisor teeth are crowded, with the lobes ovorlapiiing, and often
with one slipped eutirelj^ behind the others.
Scales of cheeks in three distinct series below, in one posteriorly. Be-
hind this outer row and well separated from it are, in the upper jaw,
from two to several distinct canines, there being usually a pair near tbo
middle of the jaw. G ill-rakers rather feeble, of moderate length. Lower
lip thin, with a frenum.
Dorsal fin with the spines from the fifth or sixth to the eleventh, louf>er
than the others, about equal to each other and to the longest soft rav.
Pectorals not reaching as far as do the ventrals, which scarcely reach the
vent. Caudal forked for nearly half its length. Ventral groove almost
obsolete ; the distance from ventrals to vent about equals the length of
the anal flu.
Lateral line with 40 to 45 scales (4-43-13).
Color bluish black above, becoming lighter on lower half of sides
silvery below. Opercles and lower half of sides punctate with black
dots and shaded with light orange or rose red, the latter here more
intense on the centers of the scales. A broad grayish area extending
backward from the axil of the pectorals, without orange tints and dark-
ened by black puuctulations on the edges of the scales; this area ends
opposite the origin of the anal fin; above it the orange shade forms a
rather distinct band from the lips to the base of the caudal. Axil of
pectorals black, especially above. Fins plain, speclded with blackish.
Anal somewhat yellow.
Fin rays: D. VIII, 17; A. Ill, 20.
The intestines were filled with a species of Ulva, indicating a vege-
table diet.
This species is known to us from fifteen exajnples taken in the bay of
IMonteroy, and purchased by us in the San Francisco market.
300 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
It agrees with Aheona minima in the peculiar dentition characteristic
of that genus, as well as in the large scales and shortened tins. Its
form is, however, quite different, resembling more the genera Bracliyis-
tills and Cijmatogaster. It is a considerably larger fish than Abcona mi-
nima; its dorsal spines are weaker and the number of fin rays is greater.
(D. IX, 14 ; A. Ill, 16 — in Abcona minima.)
From Cijmatogaster aggregatus it is widely separated by the different
dentition; with Brackyistius frenatus Gill it has closer affinities, but the
two species belong to different genera.
This latter species has been but once observed, and no descrij^tion
has been yet published, merely a brief note enumerating some of its
peculiarities. We therefore subjoin a fuller account, drawn from a fine
specimen obtained by us at Santa Barbara.
Brachyistius frenatus Gill.*
(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 275.)
Body elongate, compressed, the body proper regularly elliptical, with
long caudal peduncle.. Head long, very slender and pointed, much de-
I)ressed above the eyes, the snout projecting. Mouth very small, ter-
minal oblique, the small maxillary falling much short of the orbit. Lips
rather thin, the lower with a frenum. Teeth loug and slender, some-
what lanceolate, few in number, arranged in a single series.
Preorbital broad. Cheeks with about two rows of scales; opercles
with three. Eye large, anterior, about 3 in head.
Gill-rakers numerous, long and slender.
Scales large, 42 in the course of the lateral line. Dorsal spines high
and rather strong, the first low, the others rapidly increasing to the sixth
and seventh, the eighth shorter, the soft rays a little higher than the
highest spines.
Caudal peduncle nearly as long as the head, not very slender. Caudal
fin rather deeply forked.
Anal spines feeble, the fin elevated in front. Ventrals reaching soft
rays of anal. Pectorals reaching first anal spine. Ventral groove very
short.
D. VlIT, 15; A. 111,23.
Color dark olive-brown above, with lighter stripes along the rows of
scales. Below every where a brilliant light coppery red; each scale with
a light blue spot and dark punctulations. Head colored like the body.
Fins all light reddish, plain, the dorsal somewhat dusky. A streak of
sky-blue si)ots below and in front of the eye.
Measurements of Aheona aurora.
Extreme lengtli 6. 93 inches
Length to base of caudal 5. 57 inches = 100
* We have since obtained this species in very great numbers at various places along
tlie coast from Los Angeles to Vancouver's Island. Ditrema brev'qnnne Giinther is
undoubtedly the same Bj)ecies.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 301
Body :
Greatest depth 36
Least depth of tail I'l
Leugth of caudal i>eduuclo '-il
Head:
Greatest length 25.5
Width of iuterorbital area 9
Length of snout 7
Length of maxillary.. 6
Diameter of eye 7
Dorsal :
Distance from snout 37. 5
Length of base 43.5
Height of longest spine 12
Height of highest soft ray 12
Anal :
Length of base 16. 5
Height of longest ray 9
Caudal :
Length of middle raj's 13.2
Length of outer rays 25
Pectoral, length 24
Ventral, leugth 19
Dorsal rays VIII, 17
Anal rays Ill, 20
Scales 4-43-13
Transverse series below lateral line 35
San Feancisco, Cal., February 28, 1880.
UEM^KIS'TIOIV OF A NEW FB.OUM'roER (PtiATI^SOITlATflCEaTHVS
.^'tTOi^lSA.^), FK^M THE €OA§T OF «JAl<IFOKI¥HA.
By DAVID §. J®KDA1V amd CMARI.ES H. GII.BEIt'ff'.
Body extremely elongate for the family, thin, and strongly compressed,
riead rather long and slender; the snpnt somewhat pointed. Mouth
extremely large and oblique, the lower jaw included; the maxillary very
long and slender, reaching much beyond the eye, its length about half
that of the head. Premaxillary in front above the level of the lower eye.
Teeth ia the upper jaw anteriorly long, slender, and wide-set. Some
of the teeth very freely depressible, the larger ones scarcely movable.
Posteriorly the teeth are much smaller, close-set, and fixed in two rows ;
the inner row continuous with the larger anterior series, the outer row
extending outside of some of the enlq^rged teeth.
Teeth in the lower jaw ver^^ sharp and slende\^, long, and wide-set,
alternating with shorter ones, which are very freely depressible. Out-
side of the larger teeth is a series of small, fixed, close-set teeth. The
larger teeth in each jaw are distinctly arrow-shaped. Pharyngeal teeth
apparently in one row.
302 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Eyes large, dextral, tbeir anterior margins about even with each
other; the upper eye larger and directed obliquely upward. A con-
spicuous ocular ridge about the upper eye, becoming continuous with
the lateral line. luterorbital space narrow, not half the width of the
eye, scaly, as is the space in front of it. Cheeks wide, the posterior
edge of the preopercle free. Opercle rather short and weak. Premaxil-
lary protractile, capable of little protrusion.
Gill-rakers long and strong, about 4 -f- 13 in number, the longest
more than half the diameter of the eye.
Scales very small and thin, irregularly arranged, their margins weakly
ciliated, in about 135 transverse series; about 100 tubes in the course of
the lateral line. The lateral line is nearly straight, gently ascending in
front. 1^0 accessory lines. Scales on blind side similar.
Dorsal fin beginning just behind the middle of the eye, its rays low,
especially anteriorly, its greatest height considerably behind the mid-
dle. Caudal fin somewhat forked. Anal fin higher than the dorsal, its
highest rays about midway. No spine before anal. Caudal peduncle
long and slender, about a s long as the maxillary. Pectoral fins short, the
one on the right or eyed side longest, its length nerfrly equal to that of
the maxillary. Ventral fins very short, reaching just past the vent.
Fin rays: D. 101; A. 85.
Color plain brown, with darker punctulations. Left side white, the
many dark points giving it a soiled appearance. Fins dusky.
This species is known to us from one example over a foot long, bought
in tbe San Francisco market, and taken just outside the Golden Gate.
It doubtless reaches a much larger size, and the adult is i^robably less
slender than this example.
It differs from its congener, the Greenland Halibut, Platysomatichthys
hippofjlossoides^ of the ]S"orth Atlantic, in the slenderer body, larger
mouth, longer gill-rakers, and narrow interorbital space, but the two
appear to agree in all respects of generic value.
We regret the necessity of using the clumsy and inappropriate generic
name Platysomatichtliys for these fishes instead of the name BeinJiardtius
proposed by Professor Gill. The former name, although later in date,
has priority of definition.*
Table of measurements of riatysomafichthys stomias.
Extreme lengtli 12.9 inclies
Length to base of caudal 10.9 inclies = 100
Greatest depth of body 30
Least depth 07
Length of caudal peduncle 12
Length of head 28
Number of gill-rakers 4,11
Length of longest gill-raker 032
Length of snout 068
Length of maxilliary 152
*In a paper written later, but by accident printed earlier (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1880, 51), we have recognized this sj)ecies aa the type of a distinct genus, Atheresthes.
Length of mandible 108
Greatest width of maxillary 03
Diameter of orbit 07
Distance from snout to dorsal 116
Length of base of dorsal 79
Greatest height of dorsal 094
Distance from snout to anal 346
Length of base of anal 615
Height of longest ray , 105
Length of middle caudal rays 142
Length of outer caudal rays 185
Distance from snout to pectoral 295
Length of pectoral (right side) 128
Distance from snout to ventral 127
Length of neutral > 057
Dorsal rays 101
Anal rays 85
Number of tubes in lateral line 93
San Francisco, Cal., March 1, 1880.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW EHBIOTO€OII> FISH (C VMATOOASTEK
UOSAC'EITS), FKOM THE COAST OF CAI>IFOKNflA.
By S>AVIE> S. J©S£K>AN asid CMARS.ES Iff. GBLBEKT.
Body rather elongate, deepest at the shoulders ; the protile thence to
the occiput convex, the occipital and interorbital region considerablj^
depressed ; body tapering backwards from the shoulders into a short
and slender caudal peduncle.
Head small, thick, the snout blunt. Mouth rather large, little oblique,
the lower jaw included; maxillary slightly passing the vertical from the
front of the orbit ; premaxillary anteriorly on a level with the inferior
margin of the pupil. Eye very large, its diameter about one-third the
length of the head ; interorbital region very broad. Lower lip with a
narrow frenum, above which its margin is narrowly free.
Teeth large, in a single row, much as in Cymatogaster frenatus, but
blunter, slightly compressed and truncate at tip, somewhat incisor-like,
12
the edge, however, entire. Teeth few and distant, about -^ ; none on
b
the sides of the lower jaw. They are larger, blunter, and more wide-set
than in Cymatogaster aggregatus.
Scales on the cheeks in three series below.
Gill- rakers small and weak, much as in Cymatogaster aggregatus, curved
and apparently smooth.
Scales large, but rather smaller than in any of the related species, 50
in the course of the lateral line.
Spinous dorsal high ; the first spine two fifths the length of the highest;
the sixth to tenth of nearly equal height, and higher than the soft rays.
Anal fin with the base oblique and convex, the spines rather strong, more
or less curved, as in Abeona.
304 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Caudal fin narrow, forked for more than lialf its length, the lobes rather
pointed. Pectoral fins small, not reaching to the tii)S of the ventrals,
•which attain the anal.
Fhi rays: D. X, 18 ; A. Ill, 20.
Color in alcohol silvery, strongly flushed with rose-red, darker above.
Top of head orange. A very distinct oblong chocolate-colored spot above
the lateral line at the origin of the soft dorsal fin. Another much smaller
one just below the end of the soft dorsal. Fins immaculate, slightly
tinged with reddish. In life the color was silvery, with the rosy flush
less distinct.
This species is known from a single specimen found by Mr. W. N.
Lockington in the San Francisco market. A few others have since been
obtained from sweej) nets in deep water.
In its relations it is intermediate between the species which we have
taken to be Brachijistius frenatus Gill and the common Cymatogaster ag-
grcgatus. The frenum of the lower lip is too little developed in the large-
scaled Embiotocoids {Abeona, Cymatogaster^ '■'■ Bracliyistius'''') to be used
for generic disnnction. Aheona is well set off by the tricuspid teeth,
but the dentition of Cymatogaster and Brachyistius is essentially the
same, the slightly more incisor-like form of the teeth in Brachyistius being
scarcely definable as a generic character.
Tlie numbers of fin rays do not afford very good generic characters, as
will be seen by the following enumeration :
Dorsal. AnaL
Cymaiogasfer aggregatus IX, 20-21 III, 22-24
Uracil gist ins rosaceus X, 18 III, 20
Brachyistius frenatus VIII, 15 III, 22
Abcona aurora VIII, 17 III, 20
Aheona minima IX, 14 III, 16
We therefore provisionally refer the present species, with Brachyistius
frenatus, to the genus Cymatogaster.
Table of measurements.
Extreme lengtli 5.92 mcTies
Length to base of caudal 4.70 inches =: 100
Body:
Greatest depth 40
Least depth of tail IH
Length of caudal peduncle 15
Head :
Greatest length 30
Width of interorbital area 8
Length of snout 6^
Length of maxillary 8^
Diameter of eye 10^
Dorsal :
Length of base 50
Height of highest spine 15
Height of longest ray 15
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATE8 NATIONAL MUSEUJI. 305
Anal :
Length of base 21
Height of longest ray 'J
Distance from veul rals 25
Caudal :
Length of luicldle rays lo
Length of outer rays JsJfi
Pectoral, length ». 27^
Ventral, length 23
Dorsal rays X, 18
Anal rays Ill, 20
Scales G-50-l(3
San Francisco, Cal., March 2, 1880.
WESCRIPTIOIV OF A IVE^V SPECIES OF 1>EEP-WATER FINU (l€I( H-
TUV'S EOCKHVOTONI), FROITI THE COAST OF CAf.IFORIVIA.
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CI1ARI.ES H. C;II.BERt!
Icichthys gen. nov.
Allied to Icostens Locking-ton, but the body lower and more elongate,
not compressed at the bases of the vertical fins. Head moderate; eyes
lateral ; mouth terminal, little oblique, with small, sharp teeth in one
series, in the jaws only. Gill-openings very wide, continuous. Gill-
rakers long. Pseudobranchi^ present. Branchiostegals 7. JUxii/ en-
tirely scaly. Lateral line continuous, unarmed. Bases of tins without
spinules.
Dorsal and anal tins long and low, composed of soft rays only. Pec-
toral fins moderate. Ventral fins small, thoracic, I, 5. Pylorir ca^ca
about 6, large. Bones all very flexible, cartilaginous.
The scaly body fully distinguishes this species from Icostens, with
which singular genus its affinities are intimate, although the known
species do not resemble each other closely.
(Etymology: Cczoj, to yield or submit; r/^oc, lish — in allusion to the
flexible skeleton.)
Icichthys lockingtoni sp. uuv.
Body oblong, moderately elongate, somewhat compressed, the caudal
l)eduncle rather slender.
Read moderate, compressed, with vertical cheeks, rather broad and
slightly convex above, the snout abruptly descending, hence bluntish
in profile. Profile nearly straight from upper part of snout to the nape.
Mouth moderate, little oblique, the slender maxillary scarcely widened
at the tip, extending to rather below the frout of tlie pupil, the anterior
edge of the premaxillary on the level of the lower rim of the eye. Lips
thin. Upper lip not protractile. Premaxillary tapering backward, not
forming the whole margin of the upper jaw. Maxillary behind .slipping
eutii'ely under the membranous edge of the preorbital. Preorbital rather
Proc. ^n,t. Mus. 80 20 Sept. 38, 1880,
306 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
wide, with one or two series of rather large, thiu cycloid scales. These
scales perhaps covered the cheeks also in life. At present no other
scales are present on the head in the typical example. Lower jaw promi-
nent, projectiug in front, bnt included at the sides. Teeth in jaws only,
minute, sharp, closely and evenly set, much as in Icosteus cenigmaticus,
but rather larger and less numerous.
Eyes large, lateral, longer than snout, their diameter contained about
4 times in the length of tlie head. Cheeks rather mde. Preojjercle
with a prominent crest, behind which are some radiating mucous cavi-
ties ; the bone with a broad, prolonged, flexible membranaceous edge,
covered with radiating striie, each of which ends in a slightly exserted
flexible point. Oi^ercle and subopercle rather large, extremely thin, and
each crossed by numerous conspicuous radiating stritC.
Gill-openings wide, not sei^arated by an isthmus, the membranes not
connected. Pseudobranchia? present. Branchiostegals 7. Gill-rakers
long, slender, sharp, their length nearly three-fourths the diameter of
the eye. They are rather close-set and moderately stiff. Gills 4, a
slight slit behind the i^osterior gill.
]Sro bony stay connecting suborbital and preopercle.
Scales very small, apparently cycloid, soft and smooth to the touch,
covering the body evenly, but becoming smaller below. Lateral line
nearly straight, apparently continuous, but not conspicuous on the mid-
dle part of the body. It does not run up on the caudal fin. There are
on it no traces of the spinules, so conspicuous in Icosteus miiymaticus.
Scales (too small to be accurately counted) in about 120 transverse
series.
Dorsal tin long and low, beginning opposite a point nearly midway
between the vent and the base of the ventrals 5 the luimber of rays 39
to 40. All the rays are soft and articulated, and apparently all except
the first are branched. The first rays are very low, the fin gradually
rising posteriorly, the highest about one-third the length of the head.
The base of the fin is somewhat scaly.
Anal fin entirely similar, but shorter, beginning slightly in front of
the middle of the body (without caudal), and ending just in front of the
last rays of the dorsal; its rays about 28.
Caudal broad, fan-shaped, on a slender peduncle; the accessory rays
numerous and recurrent. The fin is broken, so that its outline cannot
be ascertained.
Pectorals as in Icosteus, with the carpal bones slightly exserted, as if
X^edunculate, the base a little below the axis of the l>ody, the outline
rounded. The fin is short and small, its length less ihau that of the
head.
Yentrals short and small, thoracic, ]>la(;ed a little behind pectorals,
with one obsolete spine and five soft rays, one of which is slightly fila-
mentous. The fin is about one-third the length of the head.
Fin rays not beset with s])iuules,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 307
Voul uormal, immediately iu front of the anal, without iiapilla.
Air-bladder apparently wanting. Pyloric ccjeca about G, rather long.
Bones all soft and flexible, as in Icostens amigmaticns. The skin, how-
ever, not thick and tough, as in the latter species, but thin and scaled.
Coloration in spirits plain brown, lighter below; the skin somewhat
punctulate.
Measurements of typical example.
Total leugtli 7.5 iuclie.s
Length to base of caudal 6. 8 inches = 100
Greatest dejith 25
Least (lei)th 9
Length of head 20
Diameter of eye 5|^
luterorbital width 5^^
Distance from snout to dorsal :i7
lieugtli of base of dorsal 51
Height of do rsal 7
Distance from snout to anal .50
I?ase of anal 32
Length of pectoral 11
Length of veutral 8
Number of tin rays :
Dorsal..!. 39
Anal 28
Scales in lateral line (ca) 120
The single example of this species at present known was obtained in
the market of San Francisco by Mr. W. G. W. Harford, with two of the
original types of Icosfeus (vnigmaticm. It has been presented by the
California Academy of Sciences, for whom it was originally obtained, to
the United States lisTational Museum. Its si^ecific distinctness from leos-
tcHs (vnigmaticus was first noticed by Mr. Lockington, and we have seen
fit to name the species for him, in recognition of his imiiortaut work in
Californian ichthyology.
The two species are called "deep-Avater fish'' by the dealers.
As before noticed, the relations of this genus are evidently with the
associated genus Icosteus, but the two genera bear little resemblance to
any form known to us. They will })robably constitute a distinct family
or subfamily, in the Trachinoid group.
This family {Icosteidcv) may bo defined as follows:
Body oblong, compressed. Head moderate, unarmed ; the suborbital
without bony stay. Mouth terminal, little oblicpie ; the premaxillary
not })rotractile; the maxillary slender. Teeth nunute, sharp, erect, in
one series on the jaws only. No barbels. Gills -1, a slit behind the
fourth. Gill-openings wide; the membranes free from the isthmus.
Gill-rakers slender. Branchiostegals 7.
Dorsal and anal fins long, without spines. Caudal fin, with many
recurrent accessory rays, on a slender peduncle. Pectoral fins rounded,
with the carpal bones slightly exserted. Ventral fins thoracic, I, 5, or
I, 4. Vent normal, without anal papilla. Pseudobranchiie present.
308 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Skeleton imperfectly ossified, the bones flexible, so that the whole
body is limp and destitute of firmness.
The two genera may be thus compared :
■* Head and body uaked, covered with ratlier tliick torgli skin; lateral Hue and liii
rays beset with, spiniiles. Dorsal and anal rather high, the body at their bases
closely compressed. Dorsal rays, 50 to 55; anal rays, 35 to 40; ventrals rather
long, I, 4 - - ICOSTEUS.
** Head partly and the body wholly covered with small scales. Lateral line and fins
rays smooth. Dorsal and anal fins low, their bases little compressed. Dorsal
rays, 35 to 40 ; anal rays, 25 to 30 ; ventrals short, I, 5 Iciciithys.
San Francisco, Oal., March 12, 1880. "
CATAL.O«UE OF TROCUIIilViE irv TUE COI.l<JE€TIOIV OF THE
UIVITE© STATES IVATIOIVAl. MUSEUBJ.
By ROBERT RIBG^WAT.
The following catalogue enumerates all the sj)ecies of Humming Birds
which are contained in the collection of the National Museum, with the
localities represented, the latter being in many cases additional to those
given in standard text-books relating to this family of birds. The chief
aim of the list is to show what species are wanted to complete the col-
lection, and exchanges to this end are respectfully solicited. Many of
the species of the list are represented by an incomplete series of speci-
mens, often by a single skin only, and of these additional specimens are
desirable, especially if from a locality not mentioned in the list. Such
species are indicated by an asterisk prefixed to the name.
The names^ and numbers correspond with those of Elliot's " List of
Described Species of Humming Birds," i3ublished by the Smithsonian
Institution.^
*1. Eutoxeres aquila (Bonrc.) Reich.
Veragua.
4. Rhamphodou neevius (Dumont) Reich.
Brazil.
6. Glaucis liirsuta (Gmel.) Boie.
Costa Eica ; Trinidad ; Grenada, W. I. ; E. Peru (Pebas) ; Panama ;
"Brazil".
* 10. Glaucis cervinicauda (Gould) Salv. & Elliot.
E. Ecuador (Rio IS'apo)^ Brazil?
11. Glaucis ruckeri (Bourc.) Gonlfl, "
Panama ; Costa Rica.^
'A few names ai'C here changed in cou>seiiueucc of recent emendations'.
2 List of Described Si)ecies of Humming Birds. By Daniel Giraud Elliot. Reprinted
from a Synopsis of the Trochilidse in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.
Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1-^''*. ''■^luithsonian Miscellaneous Collections,
No. 334.)
•' Including the 1iyp<! of G. icnea Lawr.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 309
")'.'>. Phaeoptila sordida Gould.
S. Mexico (Oaxaca).
*1(3. Phaetliornis yaruqiii (Bourc.) Groald.
Ecuador.
18. Phaethornis emilias (Bomc.) Bouap.
Costa Kica : Colombia.
•'19. Phaethornis augusti (Boiiic.) Bonap.
Venezuela.
* iJO. Phaethornis pretrii Less.
Brazil.
"^21. Phaethornis superciliosiis (%inn.) Swains.
Baliin.
22. Phaethoruis longirostris (Less.) Cabtiii. & Heiu.
3rexico; Cxuateinala; Colombia (Turbo) ;i Pauama; E. Peru (Pebas);^
Chiriqui.
*2:i. Phaethornis hispidus (Gould) Gray.
E. Ecuador (Eio ^N^apo).
*24. Phaethornis .syrmatophorus Gould.
Quito.
*2'). PhaethornLs anthophiliis (Bourc.) Gray & Mitch.
"Bogota".
*26. Phaethornis eurynome (Less.) Gray.
Brazil.
*i27. PhcBthornis sqiialidus (Temui.) Bonap.
Southern Brazil ; Eio IS'egro.
*28. Phaethorni.s longuemareus (Less.) Gray.
Trinidad; "Brazil".
29. Phaethornis adolphi Gould.
Guatemala ; Costa Eica ; Panama ; Xew Grenada (Turbo).
*30. Phaethornis griseigularis Gould.
Colombia.
* 31. Phaethornis striigitlaris Gould.
Colombia.
?,C). Eupetomena macroura (Gmel.) Bonaj).
Brazil (Babia),
* 37. Eupetomena hirundo Gould.
Bolivia.
38. Sphenoproctus pampa (Less;."^ r^onld.
Guatemala.
*39. Sphenoproctus curvipennis (Liclit.) Gould.
E. Mexico (Mirador).
1 Types of P. cassini Lawr.
3A specimen (No. 55374) from Pebas, labeled in Mr. Lawrence's handwriting "P.
moorel Lawr.," is not distinguisliable from northern specimens of P. longirostris. It
does not, however, agree with Mr. Lawrence's description of P. moorei, so that Mr.
Elliot may be right in referring the latter to P. superciliosus.
310 PROCEEDINGS OP TTNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
* 40. Campylopterus largipenuis (BoiUl.) Cab. & Hein.
Cayenne.
* 42. Campylopterus rufus Less.
Giuiicniala (Diienas; Guatemala City).
* 4L Campylopterus obscurus Gould.
1^'. Peru (Pebas).
44. Campylopterus lazulus (Boiinatt.) Jjonaji.
Colombia; W. Peru.
45. Campylopterus hemileucurus (Liobt.) Cab. & Hein.
E. Mexico (Jala] )a); Honduras; Veragua; (xuatemala; Costa Rica.
* 46. Campylopterus ensipennis (Swains.) Lef^.
Tobago.
* 47. Campylopterus villavicencio (Jionrc.) Gould.
H\o l!^apo.
* .'■)0. Campylopterus roberti (Salvin) Gould.
Guatemala (Choctum, Vera Paz).
*52. Aphantochroa cirrochloris (Vieill.) Gould.
Brazil.
54. Casligena clemenciae Less.
E. Mexico (Mirador).
* 55. Caeligena henrioi (Less.) Cab. &, Hein.
Guatemala.
56. Caeligena viridipalleus Bourc. & Muls.
Guatemala (Cobau, Vera Paz; Guatemala City) ; "Mexico".
* .57. Caeligena hemileuca (Salvia) Elliot.
Costa Rica.
58. Lamprolaema rhami (Less.) Reich.
E. Mexico (Orizaba and Mirador); Guatemala (dnatemala City).
59. Oreopyra caloleema Salvin.
Costa Rica.
* 60. Oreopyra leucaspis Gonld.
Cliiriqui.
62. Oreotrochilus pichincha (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp.
Pichincha.
* 63. Oreotrochilus chimborazo (Delattr.) Gould.
CLimborazo.
'■ 64. Oreotrochilus estellae (D'Orb. & Lafr.) Gould.
Bolivia (La Paz).
" 65. Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Gould.
Chili (Valle del Yero).
68. Lamponiis violicauda (Bodd.) Elliot.
" Florida" ;i Brazil (Bahia); Guiana; Venezuela; Panama.; Colombia
(Bogota and Cartagena) ; E. Peru (Pebas) ; Triuidad; Demerara.
' Types of Audubon's works
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 311
09. Laniporuis mango (Linn.) Gosse.
Jamaica-.
70. Lampornis prevosti (Less.) Gould.
iMexieo (Teliuaiitei)e(i).
71. Lainpoinis viridis (And. &. Yioill.) Gould.
Porto Ivico.
" 73. Lampornis gramineus (GmcJ.) Gould.
Guiana.
7."). Lampornis dominicus (I jinn.) Elliot.
St. Thomas; Haiti; Porto Eico.
76. Eulampis holosericeus (Linn.) Gould.
St. Thomas; Martinique; Dominica; Antigua; Guadeloupe; St.
Vincent; Grenada; P>arbuda; Tobago; St. Bartholomew, and Barba-
does.
77. Eulampis jugularis (Linn.) Gonld.
Martinique; Dominica; Guadeloupe, and St. Yiiirent.
78. Lafresuaya flavicaudata (Frast^r) Bouap.
Colombia (Bogota and Popayan).
* 79. Lafresuaya gayi (Bourc. & Mnls. ) Bp.
Ecuador (Quito).
so. Chalybura buffoni (Less.) Reicli.
Venezuela (Laguayra) ; Colombia ; Panama.
* 82. Chalybura isaurae (Gould) Salv.
Veragua ; Costa liica.
8:i. Chalybura melanorrhoa Salvin.
Costa Rica.
*84. Chalybura caeruleiventris (Reicli.) Cab. & Hein.
Colombi a (Bogota ) .
85. Florisuga mellivora (Linn.) Bonap.
Guatemala; Bogota; E. Peru; Tobago; Guiana (Demeiara); Ecua-
dor (Quito); Tres Maria.s, W. Mexico! [?]
86. Florisuga fusca (Vieill.) Reicli.
JJrazil (Bahia).
87. Petasophora anais (Less.) Gould. .
Colombia; Ecuador (Quito and Puna I.) ; Bolivi;! (T.a Paz).
88. Petasophora thalassina (Swains.) Gould.
]\[exico (Jaiapa and Tres JMarias); Guatemala (V. de Fuego, .■»,(>;)() ft.,
and Guatamala City).
89. Petasophora cyanotis (Bourc.) Gould.
Costa Rica; Veragua; Colombia.
^92. Petasophora seiTirostris (Yioill.) Bonap.
Brazil.
93. Petasophora delphinae (Less.) Bonap.
Trinidad; Colombia; Guatemahi (Coban, Vera Paz),
* 94. Panoplites jardini (Boure.) Gould.
Ecuador (Quito).
312 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
0.'). Panoplites flavescens (LfirUl.) Gould.
Colombia (Bogota).
*96. Panoplites matthewsi (Bourc.) Gould.
E. Ecuador (Rio Xapo); E. Pern (Pcbas).
i»7. Phceolaeina rubinoides (Bourc.) Reich.
Colombia.
9y. Clytolaema riibinea (Gmel.) Gould.
Brazil.
'" 100. Clytolaema aurescens GoTild.
E. Peru (Pebas).
* 103. lolaema frontalis (Luwr.) Gould.
E. Peru (Pebas).
*'10(). Eugenes fulgens (Swaiiis.) Gould.
Arizona 5 E. Mexico ; Guatemala.
107. Eugenes spectabilis (Lawr.) Muls. ^
Costa Pica.
* 109. Eugenia imperatrix (rould.
Ecuador (Quito).
111. Heliodoxa jacula (lould.
Costa Rica ; Vc^ragua ; Colombia.
*112. Heliodoxa jamesoni (Bourc.) Gould.
Ecuador (Quito) ; Bogota.
113. Heliodoxa leadbeateri (Bourc.) (Tould.
Colombia; "Rio"\
* 114. Pterophaues temmincki (Boiss.) Gould.
Bogota ; Quito.
" 115. Patagona gigas (Vicill.) Gray.
Quito; Chili; Peru (near TJrubauiba).
116. Docimastes ensiferus (Boiss.) Gould.
Ecuador (Quito) ; Bogota.
120, Helianthea typica (Less.) Gould.
Colombia.
121. Helianthea bonapartii (Boiss.) Gould.
Colombia.
*123. Helianthea lutitiae (Dclattr. & Bourc.) (Jould.
Colombia (Popayan) -, Quito.
* 130. Bourcieria fulgidigula Gould.
Ecuador (Quito).
131. Bourcieria torquata (Boiss.) Gould.
Colombia (Bogota).
* 133. Bourcieria wilsoni (Dclattr. & Bourc.) Bp.
Ecuador (Quito).
* 130. Bourcieria prunelli (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp.
Colombia (Bogota).
' Females particularly desired.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATTONAT. MUSEUM. 318
1.17. Bourcieria casligena (TjOss.) Elliot.
r.()A-ota(.').
* V.\^. Bourcieria coliiinbiana Elliot.
Colombia, (Bogota).
' 140. Hemistephaiiia johannae (Bouvc.) Reich.
(Jolombia (Bogota).
'^ 141. Hemistephania ludoviciae (I3oiirc. A, Miiis.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
* 142. Hemistephania rectirostris (Gould) Elliot.
Ec'Tiador.
*144. Hemistephania veraguensis (Salv.) Elliot.
Costa Eica.
14'). Floricola longircstris (Vicill.) Elliot.
Mexico (Chiapas); Guatemala (Duefias) ; Costa Ricaj Panama; Trini-
dad.
147. Floricola constanti (Delattr.) Elliot.
Costa Eica; Guatemala; San Salvador; Chiapas; Mazatlau.
^ 148. Floricola leocadias (Bourc.) Elliot.
Mexico (Tehuantepec, Acapulco, and Mazatlau).
* 14!). Lepidolarynx mesoleuciis (Temm.) Reich.
Brazil.
150. Heliomaster furcifer (Shaw) Elliot.
Brazil; Buenos Ayres (Conchitas).
152. Heliotrypha exortis (Eras.) Elliot.
Colombia (Bogota).
155. Heliangelus clarissae (De Louo-.) Bp.
Colombia (Bogota).
* 150. Heliangelus strophianus (Gould) Bp.
Ecuador (Quito).
* Kjl. Urosticte benjamini (Bourc.) Gould.
Ecuador (Quito aud Nanegal).
1G2. liustephanus galeritus (Mol.) Reich.
Chili (Santiago).
* lfi5. Topaza pella (Linn. ) Gray.
Cayenne ; Bemerara.
If)?. Aithunis polytmus (Linn.) Cab. & Hein.
Jamaica.
169. Thalurania glaucopis (Gmel.) Gould.
Brazil (Eio and Bahia) ; "Tres Marias Islands*" [???].
170. Thalurania columbica (Bourc. & Muls.) Gould.
Costa Eica; Veragua; Panama; Colombia.
"* 171. Thalurania furcata (Gmel.) Goiild.
Guiana (J3emerara) ; Trinidad.
* 173. Thalurania nigrofasciata (Gould) Bp.
Ecuador (Quito) ; E. Peru (head Huallaga E.) ; Upper Amazons?
' Type of T. Jucice Lawr.
314 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
" 177. Thalurania eriphile (T^css. ) Hp.
Brazil (Eio Grande do Sul); Ecuador .(.^>uito),
* 179. Thalurania bicolor (Gmel. ) Elliot.
Dominica.
IHU. Mellisuga minima (Liun.) Bp.
Jamaica; St. Domingo; Haiti (Pt. au Piince).
" 182. Miciochera parvirostris Liiwr.
Costa Eica (Angostura).
183. Trocliilus colubris Liuii.
Eastern North America (numerous localities); Mexico; Clnatemala;
Costa Eica; Veragua.
184. Trochiliis alexandri Bourc. & Mills.
California; Nevada; Utah; NewjMexi(M); Arizona.
* 185. Calypte costee (Bourc.) Gould.
Guatemala; W.Mexico (Mazatlan); S. California (Ft. Tejon) ; Cape
St. Lucas ; Arizona.
186. Calypte annae (Less.) Gould.
California; Arizona.
* 187. Calypte helenae (Lemt).) Gould.
Cuba.
189. Selasphorus platycercus (Swaius.) Bp.
Guatemala; Mexico (Mirador) ; Arizona; New Mexico ; (""olorado;
Utah; E.Nevada; Wyoming (Ft. Bridger).
* 190. Selasphorus ardens Salviu.
Costa Eica.
192. Selasphorus alleui Hensliaw.^
California (coast-region, Santa Cruz to Ni<!asio).
194. Selasphorus rufus (Gnicl.) And.-
Columbia E., Oregon (3 sj)ecimens, types of Audubon's works!)
Sitka, Alaska ; Ft. Steilacoom, Washington Terr. ; Dakota ; Nevada
California; Colorado; Idaho; Arizona; New Mexico; Texas (El Paso)
table-lands of Mexico, south to Miraflor.
19:5. Selasphorus scintilla Gould.
Costa Eica ; Veragua.
•* 197. Atthis heloisce (Less.) Reicli.
E. Mexico.
* 198. Atthis ellioti Eldgw.
Guatemala.
199. Stellula calliope Gould.
New Mexico; Arizona; California (Ft. Tejon, Ft. Tiook, Honey Lake,
&c.) ; Nevada ; Montana (Ft. Ellis).
''202. Heliactin cornuta (Max.) Boic.
Brazil.
*204. Calothorax lucifer (Swains.) Gray.
E. Mexico (Mirador) ; Arizona.
»S. rufus of Elliot's list. -S. heiisliawi of Elliot's list.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEini. 815
*205. Acestrura niulsanti (Bourc.) Gould.
Ecuador (Quito).
*207. Acestrura heliodori (Boiuc.) Gould.
Colombia (Bogota).
213. Doricha enicura (Vieill.) Reich.
Guatemala (Cobau aud Guatemala City).
214. Doricha elizae (Loss. &. Dehittr.) Gould.
Jalapa; Mirador; Merida; Yucatan.
* 215. Doricha bryantae Lawr.
Costa Rica; Veiagua'?
*216. Doricha evelynae (Bouie.) Gould.
Bahamas (Kassau, New Providence).
217. Doricha lyrura Gould.
Bahamas (Inagua).
*218. Myrtis fanny (L<'ss.) Reich.
Ecuador (Quito).
220. Tilmatura diiponti (Less.) Cab. &, Heiu.
Guatemala.
223. Calliphlox amethystina (Gmel.) Reich.
Triuidad ; Brazil.
*225. Lophornis stictolophus Salv. tt Elliot.
Colombia (Bogota).
*22G. Lophornis delattrii (Less.) Gould.
Panama 5 Yeragua ?
*928. Lophornis ornatus (Bodd.) Gould.
"Brazil"; Triuidad.
*230. Lophornis magnificus (Vieill.) Gould.
Brazil.
231. Lophornis helenae (Delattr.) Reich.
" Mexico " ; Guatemala.
*233. Lophornis verreauxi (Bourc.) Reich.
E. Peru (Pebas). '
*^234. Lophornis chalybea (Vieill.) Bp.
Brazil.
*235. Popelaria' tricholopha Reich.
Colombia.
*23(). Popelaria langsdorffi (Bourc. & Vieill.) Rid-^w.
BrazU ; E. Peru (Pebas).
*237. Popelaria conversi (Bourc. & Muls.) IJid<'\v.
Costa Pica.
240. Steganura underwoodi (Less.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
*241. Steganura melananthera (Jard.) Reich.
Ecuador (Quito).
247. Lesbia gouldi (Lodd.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
iName Soiildia preoccupied iu Conchology (C. B. Adams, Cat. Geu. & Sp. recent
Shells, Jau. 1847, p. 29; cf. Ball, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 131, 132).
316 PEOCEEDING.S OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
250. Lesbia amaiyllis (Bonn.) Reich.
Colombia (Jiogota) ; Ecuador (Qaito).
253. Cynanthus forficatiis (Linn.) Bp.
Bogota 5 Quito.
*259. Oxypogon guerini (Boiss.) Gonld.
Colombia.
"* 261. Rhamphoinicron olivaceus Lawr,
Bolivia (La Paz).
262. Rhamphomicron heteropogon (Boiss.) Bp.
Colombia (Bogota).
^263. Rhamphomicron herrani (Delattr. & Bouvc.) Gould.
Ecuador (Quito).
"264. Rhamphomicron stanleyi (Bourc. & Mnls.) Goiil<L
Bolivia (La Paz).
266. Rhamphomicron microrhynchum (Boiss.) Bp.
Bogota; Quito.
'^ 268. Avocettula recurvirostris Swains.
Guiana.
276. Metalliira tyrianthina (Lodcl.) Bp.
Bogota 5 Quito.
*278. Chrysuronia humboldti (Bom-c. & Muls.) Eeich.
Buenajventura, 1st. Panama.^
* 279. Chiysuronia aenone (Less.) Bp.
Colombia. .
*280. Chry.suronia josephinae (Bourc & Muls.) Reicli.
E. Peru (Pebas).'
*281. Chrysuronia eliciae (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp.
Guatemala (Masagua, Pacific coast).
282. Chrysuronia chiysura (Less.) Bp.
Brazil ; Argentine Eepublic (Concliitas).
*287. Schistes geoffroyi (Bourc. &. Muls.) Gould.
Bogota.
288. Heliothrix auritus (Gmel.) Boie.
Brazil; Colombia (Bogota).
*289. Heliothrix auriculatus (Licht.) Gray.
Brazil.
290. Heliothi-ix barroti (Bonrc.) Gray.
Guatemala ; Costa Rica ; Yeragua ; Panama.
291. Chrysolampis moschitus (Linn.) Boie.
Tobago; Trinidad; Brazil (Rio Janeiro and Bahia) ; Colombia (B(
gota and Cartagena).
292. Bellona cristata (Linn.) Muls.
Grenada; St. Vincent; Barbadoes; " Venezuela ".^
[292«.] Bellona ornata (Gould) Kidow.
St. Vincent.
' Type of Thaumatias viridicaudiis Lawr. ^ Type of Ch'thorhynchus emigrans Lawr.
PR0CEEDING8 OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 317
293. Bellona exilis (Gm. ) Muls.
Dominica; St. Tlunuas; Martiiii({ue5 Antiy,iui; Guadoloupc; Bar-
buda 5 Porto Eico ; St. Bartholomew.
*294. Cephalolepis delalaiidi (Vicill.) Lodd.
Brazil (Ivio (Iraiide do Sul).
* 2[)o. Cephalolepis loddigesi (Gould) 1>\>.
Brazil.
299. Adelomyia melanogenys (Fias.) Gould.
Bogota; Quito.
301. Abeillia typica iiouup.
Guatemala.
302. Klais guimeti (Bourc. & Muls.) Reicb.
Costa Eica; Veragua; Colombia.
303. Aglaeactis cupripenuis (Bourc. & Muls.) Bp.
Colombia; Ecuador (Quito).
*304. Agleeactis caumatonota (Gould) Bp.
Peru (Matara, pro v. Ayacucho).'
*3()7. Eriocnemis derbiana (Delattr. & Bourt.) B]).
Ecuador (Quito).
300. Eriocnemis aureliee (Bourc. &- Muls.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
* 311. Eriocnemis lugens Gould.
Ecuador (Quito).
* 312. Eriocnemis alinas (Bourc.) Reich.
Colouibia. ,
* 31.'). Eriocnemis luciani (Bourc.) Reich.
Ecuador (Quito).
31(5. Eriocnemis cupreiventris (Eras.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
320. Eriocnemis vestita (Lougneiu.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
* 324. Panteipe insignis Cab. &, Hein.
Co«ta Eica.
* 325. Ui^anomitra quadricolor (Vieill.) Reich,
Orizaba : Mazatlan.
* 32(>. Uranomitra violiceps (Gould) Cab. <X Heiu.
^lexico (Orizaba and Mazatlan).
327. Uranomitra viridifrons Elliot.
S. Mexico (Teluiautepec).
328. Uranomitra cyanocephala (Less.) Reich.
Mexico (Mirador, TeUuautepec, Chiapas, Tres Marias;; Ctiateiiiala
(Vera Paz).
330. Uranomitia franciee (Bourc.) Reich.
Colombia (Bogota).
'Type of J. olirnci'ocaiida Eawr.
318 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATEW NATIONAL MUSEUM.
* 33:2. Leucippus chionogaster (Tschiidi) Gould.
Bolivia (La V:iz).
*' 3;'3. Leucippus chloiocercus Gmihl.
E. Peru (Pobas).
334. Leucochloiis albicollis Vieill.
Brazil.
* 33.5. Agyrtiia niveipectus Cab. &. Hciu.
Trinidad.
* 33G. Agyrtria leucogaster (Gmcl.) Kcich.
Brazil (Baliia).
* 338. Agyrtria milleri (liourc. ) Reich.
Colombia.
339. Agyrtria Candida (Bouic. &, Muls.) Cub. & llciu.
S. Mexico (Teliuantepec) ; Guatemala.
341. Agyrtria brevirostris (Less.) Eeicli.
Brazil (Bio Grande do Sul).
■ 347. Agyrtria tephrocephala (Vieill.) Ellini.
Brazil ; Surinam.
* 349. Agyrtria fluviatilis (Gould) Heiue.
E. Ecuador (Eio Napo).
* 356. EV/ira cupreiceps (Lawr.) MuLs.
Costa Rica.
* 357. Elvira chionura (CJould) Muls.
Costa liica (Dota).
* 358. Callipharjis nigriventris (Lawr.) Elliot,
Costa liica.
* 360. Eupheriisa exiniia (Dclattr.) Gould.
Guatemala.
* 361. Eupherusa egregia Scl. & Sal v.
Costa Eica.
362. Polytmus thauniantiais (Liuii.) (_'nh. A, Heiu.
Trinidad ; Venezuela ; Bogota !
"* 363. Polytmus viridissinius (Vieill.) EllioL
Guiana; Surinam ?
* 36b. Aniasilia dumerili (Less.) I>]i.
Ecuador (Buna I., (ruayaquil).
369. Amazilia cinnaniomea (Less.) P.Uiot.
Yucatan; Xicaragua ; Teliuantepec; Mazatlau; San Salvador.
* 370. Amazilia graysoni Lawr.
W. Mexico (Tres Marias Islands).
" 371. Amazilia yucatanenses (Cabot) Gould.
Mexico (Jalapa); S. Texas (Ft. Brown).
372. Aniaailia fuscicaudata (Fras.) Ridgw.
S. Mexico (Cordova and Teliuantepec); S. Texas (Ft. Brown) ; (juate-
mala; Nicaragua; Costa Eica; Colombia; Ecuador (Guayaquil).
PROCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 319
* 373. Aniazilia viiidiventris (Keii]i.) Elliot.
rolonibia (Bogota). •
;375. Amazilia beryllina (Liclit.) (ionld.
Mexico (Jalapa) ; (riuitemala.
* 37(i. Amazilia edwardi (Del. & Uoiin.) Hp.
Pauaiua.
* 377. AmazUia niveiventris (Gould) Elliot.
Costa Eica.
* 378. Amazilia maiiae (Bourc.) Elliot.
Guatemela.
*37t) Amazilia cyanura (JouUl.
Guatemala (Pacitic side) ; Kealejo.
382. Amazilia erythronota (Less.) Elliot.
Tol):igo; Tiiuidatl.
384. Amazilia Sophias (Uoiuc & Mula.) Bp.
Costa Rica ; Mcaragiia.
387. Amazilia cyanifrons (Bourc. ) Elliot.
Colombia (Bogota).
*'389. Basilinna leucotis (ViL-ill.) Boic
Mexico ( Jalapa, Mirador, and Mazatlau) ; Guatemala (Chilasco, Vera
Paz).
* 390. Basilimia xantusi (Lawr.) Elliot.
Cape kSt. Lucas.
391. Eucephala giayi (Del. & Bourc.) R'ch.
Ecuador ((^uito).
397. Eucephala casmlea (Vieill.) Gould.
* Triuida<l; Guiaua; Demeraraj Baliia.
* 4tn . Juliamyia typica Bouap.
Panama; Bogota; Turbo.
*402. Juliamyia feliciana (Less.) Gould.
Ecuador (Guayaquil); Bogota!
403. Damophila amabilis (Gould) Reich. •
Costa Rica; Panama; Bogota; Turbo.
* 404. lache latirostris (Swaius.) Elliot.
W. Mexico (Colima, Mazatlan, and Ties Marias) ; Arizona.
* 40(3. lache doubledayi (Bourc.) Elliot.
Tehuantei)ec (Cliihuitan).
408. Hylocharis sapphiria (Gm.) Gray.
Brazil (Bahia and Rio Grande do Sid) ; Demerara.
409. Hylochaiis cyanea (Vieill.) Gray.
Brazil (Baliia and Rio Grande do Sul); Surinam.
410. Cyanophaia caeruleigularis (Gould) Elliot.
Panama; Cartagena; "Centr. Am."
411. Cyanophaia goudoti (Bourc.) Elliot.
Colombia (Bogota).
' Females wauted,
320 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED .STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
*4T2. Cyanophaialuminosa (Lawr.) Elliot.
Colombia (Cartagena). •
*414. Sporadinvxs elegans (Vic-ill.) Bp.
St. Domingo.
41.5. Sporadinus ricordi ((Itux .) Up.
Cuba.
'*416. Sporadinus maugaei (Vieill.) lip.
Porto Eico.
418. Chlorostilbon caniveti (Less.) Bp.
Mexico (Mirador, Jalapa, and Telniantepec); Yucatan (Merida) ; Gua-
temala ; Costa Eica.
419. Chlorostilbon pucherani (Bourc. &, Mills.) Ell.
Southeastern Brazil (Eio Grande do Sul) ; W. Mexico (Trcs Maria.s)
420. Chlorostilbon splendidus (Vieill.) EllioL
Buenos Ayres (Conchitas) ; Paraguay (Eio Parana).
421. Chlorostilbon haberlini (Reich. ^ CaT) & Hein.
Colombia (Bogota).
422. Chlorostilbon angustipennis (Eras.) Gould.
Costa Eica (Cartago) ; Panama ; Quito ; E. Peru (Pebas).
423. Chlorostilbon atala (Less.) Gould.
Trinidad.
*2 42.5. Pauychlora poortmani Bourc.
Colombia (Bogota). . ■
*427. Panychlora stenura Cab &. llcin.
" New Granada."
DE.'«*CRIl»TIO;\ OF A IVEW EITIISIOTOI'OID FISH (DITKEMA ATKIPES),
FROM THE COAST OF CAEIFORPflA.
By 0AVID S, JORDAIV and CHARLES H. OILB£RT.
Allied to TJitrema {Phanerodon)furcatiim. Body unusually elongate,
slenderer than in Bitrema furcatum^ tapering into a long and slender
caudal peduncle. Back little elevated. Profile slightly depressed
above the ej^es, the snout rather projecting.
Head small, triangular in profile, the snout rather acute. Mouth
small, oblique, the maxillary not reaching the front of the eye. Pre-
maxillary anteriorly rather above the level of the lower edge of the
pupil. Lower jaw slightly included in the closed mouth. Teeth smaller
c
and fewer in number than in D. furcatum, conical, in one series,^ or less
15 J J J ;g
in number (about — in D. furcatum).
Eye moderate, about as long as snout, 3^ in length of head. Inter-
1 Type of C. insnlarin Lawr. ^ Females Avanted.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEU>r. 021
orbital space strongly comcx transversely. Cheeks Avith three rows of
scales.
(J ill-rakers rather smjill,but longer and stronger than mB./urcatnm,
the longest about one-third the diameter of the orbit.
Scales moderate, averaging rather smaller than in J), furcation, abouL
5-70-1;;.
Spinous dorsal comparatively low, the tirst spine short, tiie otlK-rs
rapidly increasing to the fifth, after which the others are nearly of ecpial
length, but gradually increasing to the last. The first soft ray is a little
higher than the highest spine. The other soft rays are gradually short-
ened.
The caudal fin is deeply forked, the lobes being about eiiual. In 7).
furcatum the uj^per lobe is evidentty the longer. Anal hn low, its s])ines
moderately developed. Pectorals not reaching to the tips of the 'ven-
trals, which scarcely fall short of the liist anal si)inc.
Fin rays : D. X, 23 ; A. Ill, LM).
Coloration light dusky oli\e above, silvery below, with jjearly reflec-
tions. Scales above the axis of the body each with a golden-red spot
at base, the outer margin of the scales tinged with light blue. Tiu^se
spots fade in alcohol, but are conspicuous in life, forming reddish
streaks along the rows of scales.
Membrane of dorsal, anal, aiul ventral tins liglit olive-green. Traces
of a dark shade on upper part of first rays of soft dorsal. No black at
base of dorsal. A distinct black blotch on upper third of first eight-
rays of the anal. Ventrals broadly tipped with reddish hlacJc, as in Ihjper-
proropoii argenteua. Pectorals and caudal entirely plain, the black edg-
ing to the latter fin, characteristic of D. furcatum, being entirely want-
ing. Premaxillaries and end of snout distinctly dusky. Iris silvery,
reddish above.
In Ditrema furcatum the color is nearly plain, i)ale, olivaceous, and
silvery, the scales with bright reliections, but without distinct red nmrk-
in^s. The sides are more silvery than in J>. atripcs, and there are more
black punctulations. The naked ])ortion of the base of the soft dorsal
is black. There is no dark shade on the ventrals, and the caudal is dis-
tinctly margined with black behiiul. The dark anal sjjot is similar in
the two species, but it is souietimes wanting in 1). furcatum.
The species Ditrema argyrosoma (Phanerodon argyrosomus Gill, 3m-
blotoca argyrosoma Girard), if distinct from Ditrenia fnrcatiim, is un-
known to us. It differs, according to Girard, in having the anal III, 21,
but the types had been mutilated ami this count may, i)erhaps, be erro-
neous.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 21 Oct..'3T, |S80.
322 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Measurements of D'trcmu furcatum and Diirema airipes in lOOths of length to hase of cau-
dal fin.
Ditrema
furcatum.
Extreme Icugtli
Lencth to base of caudal
Bodv :
ileiglit
Least height of tail
Length of caudal peduuclo from end of anal fin
Head:
Length
"Width of interorbital area
Length of snout
Length of gill-rakers
Length of maxillary
Lengtli of mandible
Diaiueter of orbit
Dorsal :
Lengtli of base
Length of tifth spine
Length of highest spine
Length of highest ray
Anal:
Length of base
Longest ray
Caudal :
Middle rays
Upper lobe ,
Lower lobo
Pectorals, kngth
Ventrals, length
Dorsal ,.
Anal: \
Tubes in lateral line
Kows of scales above lateral line
Rows of scales below lateral line
Inches.
10.3
8.18
.39
.12
.l(i7
.263
.07
.01
.075
.075
.075
.512
.085
.09
.12
.30
.06
.09
.256
.24
.25
.155
S,25
nT,33
70
5
13
Ditrema
atripes.
Inches.
9.15
7.35
.38
.113
.23
.285
.082
.078
.018
.075
.092
.072
.48
.085
.010
.113
.275
.058
.095
.23
.24
.26
.176
X,24
in, 29
71
5
13
The present species was described from two specimens, similar in size,
obtained in the San Francisco market, and probably caught in Monterey
Bay. Later, about 200 others were obtained at Monterey and Santa
Cruz, but the species has not yet been noticed elsewhere on the coast.
Wc refer this species for the present to the genus Ditrema, of which
Phanerodon Girard is considered by us a synonym.
We have not seen the Japanese type of the genus, Ditrema temmincJci,
but in external characters at least it agrees with Phanerodon.
San Francisco, Oal., March 14, 1880.
IDESCRSPTIOIV OF A IVJEW SCORPiEI\OII> FISH (SEBASTICHTHYS
ilIALiIOER). FROITI THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA.
By ©AVID S. JORDAN and CHARI>ES H. GII.BERT.
Allied to Sebastichthys nebulosns and more remotely to Sebastichthys^
vexillaris. Body oblong, moderately robust, the profile with a regular
but not very steep slope. Mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, the jaws,
equal when closed, the upper jaw somewhat emarginate. Maxillary
reaching to near the posterior border of the eye ; premaxillary in front
below the level of the eye. Preorbital moderate, its nect about one-
third the width of the large eye, with an angular lobe.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 323
Spinous ridges on the toi> of the head rather prominent, much us in
nebulosus, but k)wer, a little less depressed than in vexiUaris. The fol-
lowing- pairs are present : Xasal, preocular, supraocular, tympanic, and
occipital, live in all. The nasal spines ijre very strong. The preocular
and supraocular are broad and sharp. The tympanic spines are smaller
than in related S])ecies. The occipital ridges are short and compara-
tively weak, the point rather depressed.
Preopercular spines very short, but all distinct, the upper one broad,
the second longest and most acute; Opercular spines large, the upj^er
very long and strong. Blnntish spines on subopercle and interopercle.
Two suprascapular spines. Interorbital space rather deeply and some-
what evenlj" concave, with a rather deep pit anteriorly.
(j ill-rakers about 10-1-20, stout, moderately long, rather longer than in
nebulosus, somcwliat clavate, the longest abont equal to the diameter of
t he pupil.
Scales moderate, rough, in about 55 transverse rows. Accessory scales
developed.
Dorsal spines very high and strong, the fourth spine highest, usually
more than half the length of the head, the last spines low, so that the
fin is deeply emarginated.
The membrane of the spinous dorsal is very deejAy incised., more than
half the anterior edge of each of the middle spines being above the
membrane ; even four-fifths of the length of the highest spine is some-
times free anteriorly. This is subject to some variations, but in all cases
the bare i)ortion of the spines is much higher than in other species.
Soft dorsal high, but lower than spinous dorsal. Caudal truncate.
Anal fin rather low, the spines short. Second anal sx>ine a little higher
than the third, not two -thirds the height of the soft rays.
D. XIII, 12; xV. Ill, 7.
Pectoral fins extremely broad and rounded, as in S. rastrelUyer^ the
tips reaching beyond the tips of the ventrals, but not to the vent. The
base of the fin is greater than the diameter of the eye and about twice^^
the length of the occipital ridge. In hoth. sexes the lower rays are
thickened and fleshy.
Prevailing color a warm brownish yellow, sometimes quite yellow on
the sides and below, the back sometimes considerably olive, sometimes
reddish tinged. Sid^s of head, front of back, and thoracic region usually
most distinctly yellow. The coloration mottled and clouded, but with-
out distinct markings except the small spots with which the anterior
region is closely covered. They are smallest and most distinct on the
thoracic and scapular region. Here they are of a clear orange-brown
color. On the top of the head they become more orange, and on the
anterior part of the back they become larger and of a bright clear orange.
Posteriorly they blend with the ground color. Top of head with dusky
cross-shades. Sclerotic coat of eye spotted above with orange.
Fms all with the membranes slaty black; the pectorals and dorsal
324 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
paler at base and spotted with reddish. Membrane of the third dorsal
spine scarcely paler than that of the second. There are no other traces
of the light areas found in nehulosus and faHciolaris. There are usually
traces of brownish shades radjating from the eye and alternating- with
yellowish areas.
This species is not rare in the San Francisco markets. The speci-
mens from which the above description was taken, four in number, were
obtained in the neighborhood of the Faralloues. It is frequently taken
in deep water in Monterey Bay and in the Straits of Fuca; it is very
abundant, reaching a large size. It is one of the larger species, agree-
ing* in size and api^earance with 8. vexillaris. Its relations are, however,
more nearly with 8. nehulosus, and it forms a transition from the brown
to the red series.
Table of measurements.
Leugtli to base of caudal =100
Body :
Greatest height 37. r>
Least height of tail 11.8
Head :
Greatest length 38. 5
Length of occipital ridges 6. 3
Length of supraocular ridges 4.3
Length of preocular ridges 2.2
Interorbital width 7.9
Length of snout 9.2
Length of gill-rakers 3. 5
Length of maxillary 19. .5
Diameter of orbit 10. 5
Dorsal :
Longest spine 23
Longest ray 17. 5
Least height of membrane between third and fourth spines 4.5
Anal :
Second 8]3ine 12. 3
Third spine 12
Longest ray 18
Caudal, length 17
Pectoral :
Length 25
Widthofbase U
Ventral, length 22
Dorsal XIII, 12
Anal - III, (3
Lateral line (rows of scales) 47
Extreme length, in inches 15. 45
Length to base of caudal, in inches , , , 13. 1
San Francisco, Oal., 3fm^ch 15, 1880.
PEOCEEDINGS Of^ UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 325
rVOTE ox A XE-ir Ff.AT-FISH (L-EPIDOPSETT A BSOILEPIS) FOD^TD IIV
THE :tiarkets of san fra-vcssc'o.
By ^V. N. LOCKlNOTONo
111' the review of the Pleuronectidaj of San Eraiieisco (rroc. U. S. Xat.
Mu8. 1870, 69-108), a species belonging" to the genus Lepidopsetta (Gill)
is described as identical with the Flatichthys umhrosus of Girard (Pac.
Kail. Kep., x, 149, 1857). At the epoch when this description was writ-
ten, as well as on i>revious occasions when a comparison was instituted
between this species and the description of Girard above referred to,
several discrepancies were noted, yet it was not supposed possible that
that author had redescribed one of Dr. Ayres's species when the de-
scription of the latter was accessible to him.
Such, however, as iirst pointed out by Dr. Gill, turns out to be the
case, and PlaUchthys umhrosus (Grd.) must sink into a synonym of
Leindopsetta hiUneata (Ayres), while the forni described by me as L.
umhrosa needs renaming.
The synonymy of the two species will be as follows :
Lepidopsetta bilineata.
Flatcssa bilineata Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Na.t. Sci., i, 40.
FlaticUhys umhrosus Grd., Pac. Eail. Eep., x, l8r)5-'57. 149. ^
Lepidopsetta hilineata Gill, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Lepidopsetta umbrosa Gill, Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Lepidopsetta bilineata Lockii., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mns. 1879, 10:i.
Lepidopsetta isolepis sj). uov.
Lepidopsetta uml)rosa Lockii., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1879, lOG.
This species is not closely related to L. hilineata. Its ctenoid scales,
almost uniform over the head and body, its nearly straight lateral line,
its smaller eyes, with a broader, flattish interorbital space, as well as the
differences in the form and the number of fin rays, completely distinguish
L. isolepis from L. bilineata.
Typical examples are in the United States jSTational Museum.
IVOTK ©?; A FOKGOTTEN paper of »K. AYBES A3r» ITS BEARINC*
0:V TME jVOMEiVCIiATUBE f^ THE CYPRIZVOID FISHES OF THE
.•^A.X FRA^rCISCO MABECETS.
By BAVIB S. JORDAIV.
During the infancy of the California Academy of Sciences the reports
of its proceedings were published in the Daily Placer Times and Tran-
script, a newspaper then issued in San Francisco.
In the files of this paper for 1854 0(5cur descriptions of new species of
fishes from the San Francisco markets, by Dr. W. P. Gibbous and Dr.
W. O. Ayres. The descriptions of Dr. Gibbons were soon after repub-
326 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
lislied iu tlie Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
delphia (1854), and identifications of them have been carefully made by
Alexander A<>assiz (Proc. Boston Soc. Kat. Hist., 18<31, 122). By this
means the names given by Dr. Gibbons have taken their i^roper jjlaces
in synonymy.
The descriptions published by Dr. Ayres have, on the contrary, not
been noticed, so far as I know, by any subse^pient author, not even by
Dr. Ayres himself, who soon after redescribed the same species as new,
apparently not considering the first publication as a sufficient one, as
one species at least received a new name on the second description.
The following are the species in question :
1. Leuciscns fjibhosus Ayros.
Stouter aud thicker than any previously described species of the genus. Mouth
small. About GO scales in the lateral line. Brown above ; silvery below. Weight
about a pound. (Daily Placer Tunes and Transcript, issue of May 30, 1854. )
This description is not very explicit, but we are to remember that the
species was described from the fish market of San Francisco, and that
the five species th-en common in the markets were the subjects of the
five descriptions. The following species of Cyprinoid fishes are taken
in the Lovrer Sacramento Eiver, and are now, as then, abundant in the
market of San Francisco : Ptycliochilns orcgonensis, Ptychochilus vorax,
^iboma crassicauda, Pogonichthys imvquilohus, Orthodon microlepidotus,
and CatostoDfuH occidentalis.
The description of Leuciscuft gihhosus above quoted, as Avell as a more
elaborate one afterwards published of " Lavinia gibhosa^^^ applies to
Sihoma crassicauda only among the fishes which come to the San Fran-
cisco market. The name gibhosus was published in May, 1854 ; the name
enissicauda in August, 18 '54. We have therefore no alternative but to
drop the latter very characteristic name, and call the species Siboma
fjibbosa, or, perhaps better, Telestes gibbosa, for the robust caudal pedun-
cle hardly furnishes a sufficient reason for a genus Siboma. In Ayres's
time, as now, this species was knowni in tlie market as the " Chub."
2. Lcuciscus microleiyidotus Ayres (1. c, May 30).
This species, afterwards more fully described as Gila microlepidola, is the well-known
OrihocJon microlepidotHH.
:;. Leuciscus macroleindotus Ayres (1. c, May 30).
Form much like that of Leuciscus pulchellHS, though a- little more slender. Aual fm
longer. Caudal much arcuated. Scales 60. Size of the preceding.
This is evidently the species describecf in August of the same year by
Baird and Girard as Pogonichfhys imcquUobus^ under which name it was
afterwards mentioned by Dr. Ayres.
It must therefore take the less appropriate name of Pogonichthys ma-
crolepidotits. This is now the '' Split-tail'" of the markets.
4. Leuciscus (jracilus (^sic) Ayres (1. c, May .30).
Body slender ; head much elongate. Color silvery, becoming darker on the back.
Scales about 80 ; much larger than any other Icnown Leuciscus, weighing, it is said, 30
poinids or more, but generally varying, as we find it iu the markets, fi'ora .5 to 20
pounds. This is the species here known as Salmon Ti-out, &c. " ** *
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 327
This species was described soon after byDr. Ayres in the Proceedings
of the California Academy of Sciences, 1854, p. 19, as Gila grandis. It
is apparently identical with the ])rior Ptj/chochiluH oreffonensis of Ilichard-
son. This species is now no longer called " Salmon Trout," its market
name being " Pike."
The small-scaled Pti/cJwchilus (fvorax of Girard) was not then noticed
by Dr. Ayres.
5. Catostomus occidentalis Ayres (1. c).
Soon after reconsidered bj' Dr. Ayres, in the Proceedings of the Cali-
fornia Academy, under tlie same name, and also still later by Professor
Agassiz (Am. Journal Sci. Arts, 1855), still as Catostomus occidentalis.
San Francisco, Cal., 2Iarch 20, 1880.
NOTE ON "SEMA" AND "DACENTRUS."
By DAVID S. JOMOA]^.
In the Bulletin of Hayden's United States Geological and Geograph-
ical Survey, vol. iv, Xo. 2, 1878, I iiublished " Notes on a collection of
fishes from the Eio Grande at Brownsv^ille, Tex.'* In this paper are
characterized two new species, " Sema signifer^^ (p. 399), and '■'■ Dacentrus
lucem''' (p. GOT).
These species must be suppressed. The former is a foetal Embiotocoid,
apparently Vymatogaatcr aggrcgatus, the other is the young of Hystero-
carpus trasl'ii.
The latter discovery was made before the paper was printed, but by
inadvertence it was sent to the jiress during my absence in the field.
Of course neither of these species really came from the Rio Grande
at Brownsville, Tex., and their presence in a jar otherwise containing
only Texas fresh-water fishes is the only excuse for the gross blunders
as to their relationships.
San Francisco, Cal., March 20, 1880.
description of a ne^v scorp^noid fish (sebastichthits
proric;er), fro.1i montekev bay, cat^ifoknia.
By DAVID S. JOKDAN and CHARLES H. CILBERT.
Allied to *S'. ovalis and >S^. elongatus. having the mouth, spines, and fins
of the former and the color and general appearance of the latter.
Body elongate, a little deeper than in S. elongatus and somewhat
more compressed, tapering slowly backward into a slender caudal pe-
duncle, which is rather shorter and stouter than in S. elongatus.
Head rather short and small, the profile somewhat steeper than in S.
elongatus. Mouth small, much as in S. ovalis. the short, narrow maxil-
lary extending to below the middle of the eye, the premaxillary on the
328 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
level of the lower niargiu of the pupil. Lov/erjaw strongly projecting,
with a conspicuous synipliyseal knob. Eye very large, longer than
snout. Preorbital witli its neck extremely narrow, armed with a slight
spine.
Spinous ridges on to]) of head ver>- low and weak, about as in S. ova-
Us, rather lower and narrower than in S. afrovirens and 6'. pinnifjer.
The following pairs of spines are ])resent : Xasal, j)reocular, supraocu-
lar, tympanic, and occi])ital, five pairs in all. as in S. elongatus. The
ridges are most of them i)artly covered by scales. Preocular spine little
prominent. Supraocular ridge very little developed, its length two-flftlis
that of the eye (in S. clonfjatus two-thirds). Tympauic spine minute.
Occipital ridge not conspicuous, the spine depressed.
Preopercular spines sharp, rather shorter than in jS. elonf/aiiis, but
sunilar, the second longest, the points of all directed backward rather
than radiating. Opercular spines jiioderate ; bluntish points on sub-
opercle and interopercle. Two bluntish suprascapular spines.
luterorbital space broad, nearly as broad as the eye, somewhat regu-
larly convex, the middle being elevated. In 8. elonfjatus, as in most of
the red species, the interorbital space is transversely concave.
Gill-rakers very loif^, slender, and numerous, about 10 + 30, the long-
est longer than the supraocular ridge, and about half the dianu^ter of
the eye.
Scales rather small, as in S. ovalis^ in about 65 transverse series, the
accessory scales rather few.
Dorsal fin very low, as in S. oiHili.s, not deeply emarginate, the shortest
(twelfth) spine two-thirds the height of the fifth, which is little more
than one-third the length of the head. Soft dorsal low, nearly twice as
high as long, the highest ray about equal to the longest spine. Caudal
fin moderately forked. Anal fin very low, its length about equal to the
height of its longest ray. * Second spine much longer and stronger than
the third, scarcely shorter than the longest ray.
Pectorals shortish and rather narrow, the base rather wider than the
eye, -the tips reaching beyond the tips of the ventrals to the vent.
" D. Xlir, 13 ; A. lil, 7.
Coloration very similar to that of S. cJonr/atiis, red, with olivc^ mark-
ings. There is, however, more blackish and less greenish.
Ground color bright light red. Body mottled above with dusky olive-
green, the ground color forming distinct blotches under the third dorsal
spine and under the first and last rays of the soft dorsal. Lateral line
running in the middle of a very distinct continuous red stripe, precisely as
in S. elongates. Head above witli ]iurplish cross-shades. 0]iercle Avitli
a dusky blotch ; two olive shades radiating from the eye. Lips and tij)
of lower jaw blackish (red in elongatus). Eyes red. Caudal fin bright
red, speckled with dark olive. Spinous dorsal bright red, the ]iosterior
part of each membrane blackish ; soft dorsal olive and red ; lower fins
bright light red, witli shades of olive-yellow.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 329
Tliis species is luiowii to us I'loiii iibout eight ex;uiii)les obtained in
tlie San Francisco market. They came from Monterey Bay, in a box
coiitainino' SchaMicJithi^s ro.sacens, conttcUatus. cJoru/dlKs, and cJilorosfietus,
species ail similar in size and redness of color, i^ater about sixty ex-
amples were obtained, all IVom deej) water about Monterey and the
Farallones.
The relations of iSchastichthi/.s prorif/cr seem to be most intimate with
S. oralis (Ayres), from which it differs in the more elongate form, the
led color, and the absence of the postocular spine. It resembles sn})er-
licdally S. cIo)igati(s most, and its ])osition is evidently between oralits and
elonyatus. Its relations with aS'. pinniger are also not remote. To the
green S. oiuilis, S. proiger hears the same relation that the red S. pinni-
ger does to tlie greeyi IS. atrovirens.
In the following table comparative measurements of /Sf. pinniger, ora-
Z/,s', and elongatnn are given for purposes of comparison with proriger :
Table of comparatife measurements.
Total length, in inches
J.engtli to base of caudal (=100).
Body :
Vxj-catcst depth
Least depth of tail . . .•
Head:
(Greatest length
Snout
(Jrbit
luterorhital space
I'l-eorbital, least width
Maxilbry
ilamlible
Liiii jre.st jiill-rakcr
Oefipital lid ire
Siipiaoeular litlso
Dorsal :
Distance fiom snout
Longest spine
Longest soft ray
Length of base
Anal :
Length of base
Second spine
Third spine
Longest soft ray
Caudal:
Middle rays
( )uter rays
Pectoral :
Length
Width of base
V(>ntral. length
Scales, number of transverse rows.
9
7.C
.32
.09
.38
.085
.08
.08
.01
.123
.05
. 0.55
.032
.327
.11
.12
.14
.11
.09
.12
.12
.17
.275
.09
.20
C3
0.45
.30
.09
.34
.087
.095
.08
.013
.14
.18
.045
.06
.04
.12
.128
.59
.13
.14
.118
.15
.13
.175
.28
.09
.19
C5
12. G.
10.7.
.285
.09
.38
.087
.105
.057
.028
.17
.043
.07
.07
.353
.135
.127
.12
. 1.55
.106
.135
.128
.175
.28
.09
.19
45
8.33
7.17
.38
.129
.368
.10
.10
.07
.010
.17
.0.55
.07
.04
.10
.168
.16
.13
,145
.195
.30
.098
. 295
4S
Monterey, Cal., March 25, 1880.
330 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
DKSCRIPTIOIV OF A T'iE'W AOOIVOID (ACJONtTS VIJr.SUS), FROm
TBIE COAST OF CAI^IFOICXIA.
By DAVID S. JORDAN ntal CHARLES II. GII.BERT.
Body elongate, tapering rapidly to the long tail, everywhere broader
tliaii liigli. It is highest and broadest at the shoulders, but is lower
and narrower than the head.
Head acutely triangular as viewed from above, the profile irregularly
sigmoid ; lower surface of head and body plane from the head to the tail.
Mouth U-shaped, entirely inferior, the maxillary reaching to opiiosite
the front of the pupil, the i^remaxillary in front to the base of the pos-
terior pair of rostral spines. The distance from the anterior margin of
the premaxillaries forward to the tip of the rostral spines equals more
than half the length of the snout, more than half the diameter of the
eye, less than one-fifth the length of the head. Lips thickish. Upper
jaw protractile. Teeth small, in a villiform band, none evident on the
vomer or palatines. Maxillary mandible and branchiostegal region
with some small scattered cirri ; under side of snout with few barbels or
none. Eyes large, nearly as long as snout, 3| in length of head, the
orbital bones forming a raised ridge around them. Interorbit al space
transversely concave, nearly straight longitudinally, with a lengthwise
groove and two slight ridges. Profile depressed at the front of the eyes,
thence nearly straight to the tip of the rostral spines.
Spines on head highly developed. On each side a stout straight ros-
tral spine projecting horizontally forwards; at its base a stout spine
curved backwards, upwards, and outwards; behind this a smaller one
projecting ujjwards. Orbital ridge above serrated, and with two promi-
nent recurved spines, one in front, the other behind ; behintl these a
ridge on each side confluent with the dorsal ridges and each with four
spines; between these the top of the head is roughish and somewhat
concave, with traces of a median keel. At the occiput is a conspicuous
pit between the above-mentioned ridges, broader than long and longer
than deej). Just below these ridges, on each side, is another and more
prominent ridge, also ending in four spines, the last very strong ; this
is continuous with the upper lateral keel of the body; below tliis, on the
opercle, is a strong keel ending behind in a spine; still lower is an
irregular ridge, armed with two or three irregular series of spines and
tubercles, extending from the preorbital along the subortal and ])reop-
ercle, ending in a stout preopercular spine ; behind the pectorals this
ridge again appears as the long lateral keel of the bod5\
Along the lower margin of the i^reopercle are three or four more blunt-
ish spines. There are on the head between seventy and eighty more or
less developed spinous processes.
Isthmus rather wide.
Body with four ridges on each side, formed by the series of scales.
Each scale ending in a strong recurved spine, its roots forming strii^on
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 331
the scales. Between the two lateral keels arc traces of another keel;
traces also exist between the two dorsal keels in front.
The si)iues are developed on all the keels except in front and beliind
on the two abdominal ones. The two dorsal keels, at abont the eighth
scale in front of the oandal fin, coalesce, after which the median furrow
is obliterated and the spines continue double.
Just below the point of junction the abdominal keels also unite. The
two lateral ridges remain distinct throughout. At the base of the tail,
on each side, is a median spine between the lateral ridges.
The abdominal ridges are farthest apart behind the base of the veu-
trals, in front of which and behind which they converge, but anteriorly
they do not meet. Breast with six or eight polygoual plates. Belly
transversely convex, with traces of a furrow, into which the ventrals
are depressible. Yent just behind the middle of the length of ventrals.
Lateral line about forty.
Dorsal beginning behind the seventh dorsal scale, and extending over
eight scales, four scales intervening between it and the soft dorsal,
which covers seven scales. The anal begins under the end of the first
dorsal, and extends over eleven scales. Dorsal spines very delicate and
flexible. Pectorals reaching the eleventh scale in the upper lateral
series. Ventrals beginning opposite the llftli scale and extending to
the tenth.
Color nearly obliterated — dark browTi, with blackish cross-bars, involv-
ing the fins. One bar across caudal, one across posterior i^art of soft
dorsal and anal, one across posterior part of spinous dorsal and front of
anal, and one across front of spinous dorsal. Pectorals black, with
whitish edging. Caudal and ventrals blackish. Belly white.
Bimensi07i8, in htnidredihs, of length io hane of caudal fin.
Total length 4.1 inches
To base of caudal 3.6 inches = 100
Height of body 12
Height of tail 4
Width of body 14
Length of head 25
Width of head.: 19
Depth of heatl 12
Diameter of oibi t 7
Length of .snf)nt 9
Length of rost ral spine 2. 3
Cleft of mouth 0. 5
W^idtli of mouth 0. 5
Width of occipital pit G
SiJaco between dorsals 8
From front of mandible to tip of rostral s]>ine 6
Isthmus (j
Length of spiuo^ls dorsal 12. 5
Length of soft dorsal p 12. 5
Lengtli of anal 18
Length of pectoral 18
Length of ventral 8
Length of caudal 13. 5
332 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEURt
This species is loiowu to us from about teu speciuieus picked ont of
piles of prawns in the San Francisco market. They are taken in the
sweep-nets of the "Parauzelle" off Point Reyes.
It belongs to the group or genus termed Fodotheeus by Professor Gill
(typified by Agonus acipensermiis), which is distinguished from Agomtn
cataphractus by the longer spinous dorsal and by the greater number of
plates on the breast. Agonvs vulsiis differs from AgonuH acipenserinus in
the much rougher head, ihe narrow suborbital, and in the slight devel-
op tnent of the barbels, as well as in many minor respects.
Agonus acipenserinus is rather stouter, the head broader and smoother
above, the turbinal bones more widely separated. The nasal spines are
similar in the two species, as well as the position of the mouth. The
preocular spine is obsolete, the interorbital space is broader and not
corrugated, with two longitudinal ridges. Posterior i^art of head com-
paratively smooth, Avithout pit at the occiput. Eidges and spines on
posterior part of head continuous with those on the body, as in A. vulsus,
but higher than those on the body, instead of smaller, as in the latter,
latter. Opercular ridge small, the bones feebly striate.
Suborbital region quite broad and smooth, with a strong ridge beneath,
on which are three strong retrorse spines, below which is a groove. Pre-
opercle with two radiating ridges, each ending in a spine. About 28
spinous projections on the head in all, the number on the suborbital re-
gion much less than in vulsus. Eye much smaller than in A. vulsiis,
much shorter than snout, nearly 4 in head. Ocular ring not ser-
rated, developed only above the eye. Body similarly armed, but the
spines rather blunter and the back and belly less concave. There are
no series of spines along the bases of pectorals and caudal. The ab-
dominal series join behind close to the end of the ventrals, as the dorsal
series close behind the second dorsal. The dorsal tins are separated by
about two scales. The ventral fins are short, the fin scarcely half the
length of the snout, the vent close behind its base j no visible groove
("Podothecus") at their base. Pectorals reaching about to front of
anal. Breast with about nine large plates. Isthmus present.
D. IX, 7; A. 8. Lat. 1. 37,
Barbels greatly developed, as long as the diameter of the eye, arranged
in three tufts, one at each angle of the mouth and one under the snout.
None on the branchiostegal region. The type of the present description
of Agonus acApenserums is in the museum of the California Academy of
Sciences, and came from Vancouver's Island. It does not agree well
with the account of Fodotheeus peristethus of Gill, although Professor
Gill considers the two identical.*
San Francisco, Cal., March 1, 1880.
* See also Steindacliu(ji' (Iclitbyol. Beitriige, ix, p. 18), where tlie same opinion is ex-
pressed. In this article (" Ueber zwei neue Agonus- Arten aus California") BracJniopftif^
verrucosus Lockington is described as Agonus (Brachyojysis) BarJcani, and Brdchyopsi.s
xyosternus .lor. & Gilb. as Agonus (Brachyopsis) Annce. The date of publication ol'
B. verrucosus is May 24, of B. xyosternus, July 2, while A. Barkaui and J. Annce were
" Vorgelcgt in der Sitzuug am 15 Juli 1880." It is certain, tlierefore, that the Amer-
ican names are entitled to the right of priority. — D. S. .1.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 333
LIST OF SPE^^IES A.>'I> VARIETIES OE ITIII\ERAI.S IX THE IVATIO.\AL<
MISEUU OE THE I .MTEI> STATES Ii\ lfS7».
By FRED. M. EADLICH.
Albite.
Allanite.
AUophanite.
Altaite.
Alum.
Amalgam.
timber.
Amblygoiiitf.
Ampbibolite.
Actiuclitc.
Asbestus A'ar.
Hombleude.
Tremolite.
Analcite.
Anatase.
Audalusite.
Chiastolitc.
Anglesite.
Auhydinte.
Anorthite.
Anthropbyllite.
Antimouy.
Apatite.
Apophyllite.
Aragouite.
Argentite.
Arguerite.
Ai'senicuni.
Asjihalt.
Atacamito.
Aimchalcite.
Azurite.
Barite.
Baritocaicite.
Berthierite.
Beryl.
Biotite.
Bismuth.
Bitumen.
Boracite.
Boi'as.
Bromyrite.
Brookite.
Bnicite.
Cacoxenile.
Calamine.
Calaverite.
Calcitc.
Caucrinito,
Caoliuite.
Carnallite.
Carpholite.
Cassiteritc.
Cclestite.
CerargjTite.
Cerite.
Cerussite.
Cervantitc.
Clia1)asite.
Chalcanthito.
Chalcocite.
Clialcodite.
Chalcopyrite.
Chlorastrolite.
Chlorite.
Chloritoidite.
Chondrodite.
Chromite.
Chrysoberyl.
Chrysolite.
Ciunabarite.
Clinochlorite.
CUntonite.
Cohaltite. •
Coliimbite.
Copiapite.
Copper.
Copi)erasite.
Coquimbite.
Corundophj'llito.
Corundum.
Cryolite.
Cxyiitomorphite.
Cuprite.
Cyauite.
Danbnrite.
Datholitc.
Deweylite.
Diallogite.
Diamond.
Diasporite.
Dolomite.
Domeykite.
Dufrenite.
Embolite.
Emerald.
Emplectite
Enstatite,
Epidote.
Epsomite.
Erubescite.
Erythrite.
Euchroite.
Euphyllite.
Euxenite.
Fergusonitc.
Fibrolite.
Fluorite.
Forsterite.
Fowlerite.
Franklinite.
Gadolinite.
Galenite.
Garnet.
Almandife.
Grossularite,
Melanito.
Ouvarovito.
Pyroj)ite.
Spessartite.
Gehlenite.
Genthito.
Geyserite.
Gibbsite.
Glauberite.
Glockerite.
Goethite.
Gold.
Graphite.
Greenockite.
Gysum.
Selenite var.
Halite.
Harmotomite.
Hauerite.
Hausmannite.
Hauynite.
Haydenite.
Helvinite.
Hematite.
Columnar.
Compact.
Micaceous.
Ochreous.
Specular.
Tabular.
Hessito.
334 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Heulauditc.
Hortonolito.
Hovvlite.
Hydromagnesite.
Hydrotnlcite.
Hj^jerstlienite.
Idocrase.
Utoenite.
lodyrite.
lolite.
Iridosmine.
Iron (meteoric).
Jamesonite.
Jeffersite.
Kermesite.
Labradorite.
Lauarkite.
Lapis lazuli.
Laumontite.
Lazulite.
Leonhardite.
Lepidolite.
Leucite.
Liebetheuite.
Limonite car.
Linnseite.
Liroconite.
Magnesitc.
Magnetite.
Magnolite.
Malachite.
Manganitc.
Marcasite.
Margarite.
Meerschaum.
Meionite.
Melaconite.
Melanosiderite.
Mesolite.
Metacinnabarite.
Millerite.
Mimetite.
Mineral coal var.
Molybdenite.
Molybdite.
Muscovite.
Garnet inclusions.
Hematite inclusions.
Magnetite inclusions.
Tourmaline inclusions.
Natrolite.
Nephelite.
Nitre.
Oligoclase.
Aventurine oligoclase.
Olivenite,
Opal.
Fire opal.
Milky opal.
Precious opa 1 .
Semi-opal.
Wax opal.
Wood o)ial.
Orpiment.
Orthoclase.
Adularia.
Amazonstone.
Chesterlite.
Moonstone. "
Ossidiau.
Pumice.
Sunstone.
Ozocerite.
Pectolite.
Peridot.
Petzite.
Pharmacosider ite .
Phlogopite.
Pickeringite.
Picrophyllite.
Pitchblende.
Pitticite.
Polybasite.
Polyhalite.
Polymygnite.
Prehnite.
Psilomelanite*
Pyrargyrite.
Pyrite.
Pyrolusite.
Pyromorphite.
Pyrosclerite.
Pyrosenite.
Angite.
Coccolitc.
Hedenbergite.
Jeffersonite.
Malacolite.
Sahlite.
Uralite.
Pyrrhotite.
Quartz.
Agate.
Amethyst.
Aventurine.
Basanite.
Chalcedony.
Carnelian.
Chrysoprase.
Crystal.
FHnt.
Heliotrope.
Q uar t z — C ontinued.
Hornstone.
Jasper.
Noraculite.
Onyx.
Prase.
Rosy.
Sandstone flexible.
Sardonyx.
Siliceous sinter.
Silicified wood.
Smoky.
Quicksilver.
Realgarite,
Retinite.
Rhodonite.
Ripidolite.
Rutile.
Samarskite.
Sassolite.
Scapolite.
Scheeletinite.
Scheelite.
Schirmerite.
Schreibersite.
Scorodite.
Serpentine var.
Chrysotilite.
Ophite.
Precious.
Siderite.
SilUmanite.
Smectite.
Smithsonite.
Sphalerite.
Spinel.
Spodumen .
Stannite.
Staurolite.
Stephanite.
Stercorite.
Stibnite.
Stilbite.
Sti'ontianite.
Struvite.
Sulphur.
Sussexite.
Sylvanite.
Sylvite.
Tachydrite.
Talc.
Tellurite.
Tellurium.
Tennantite.
Teschemacherito.
Tetrahedrite.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 335
Thomsonite.
Vivianite.
AVollastonite.
Titauite.
Wad.
WoKenitc.
Topaz.
Asbolite.
Xeuotimito.
Pycnite.
Wavellite.
Zaralitc.
Tourmaline.
Warwickite.
Ziucilo.
Troilite.
Wheelerite.
Zircon.
Trona.
WMtneyite.
Zoisite.
Turquois.
Willemite.
Zorgite.
Ulexite.
"Witherite.
Vermiciilite.
Wolframite.
DESCKIPTSOIV OF A NEW .SPECIES OF lEEmiBHAITIPIIUS (HEITII.
REtA.^lPIIdS KOS^TI), FKOIT5 THE COAST OF CAI.IFORIVIA.
By DATID S. JORDAN and CHARL.ES H. OIL.B£RT.
Heniirhamphus rosse. isp. nov. *
Allied to Hemirhamphvs miifasciatus and otlier typical species of the
genus.
Body rather elongate, moderately compressed; the greatest depth
being one-ninth of the length from the snout to the base of the caudal.
Length of the whole head, including the lower jaw, contained 2| times
in the length from tip of lower jaw to base of caudal. Length of the
lower jaw beyond the tip of the upper jaw 4 J times in the same length.
The length of the head from the tip of the upi^er jaw is contained 3|
times in the trunk (without head or caudal).
The triangular part of the premaxillaries is convex, slightly carinated
above, and about as broad as long. The eye is rather large, somewhat
less than the interorbital space, and about half of the postorbital part
of the head. Mandible elongate, the narrowed tip slightly bent down-
ward; the bone bordered on each side for its entire length by a con-
spicuous membrane, the membranaceous part being about as wide as the
bony portion itself. Upper surface of mandible convex, grooved. Teeth
in both jaws small, even, all of them apparently unicuspid. Top of head
nearly plane, very slightly convex. Preorbital rather long; its diameter
two-thirds that of the eye.
Scales rather small, very deciduous, about 03 in a longitudinal series.
Fin rays: D. I, 13; A. I, 14.
Dorsal and anal fins not at all scaly ; the dorsal a very little longer
than the anal and inserted slightly in front of it; the anterior rays of
dorsal and anal moderately elevated. Caudal fin moderately forked;
the lower lobe the longer; the middle rays nearly twice the diametef of
the eye. Pectoral fin a little longer than the i^ostorbital part of the
head. Insertion of ventral fin slightly. nearer the tip of the caudal fin
above than the eye, and midway between the gill-opening and the base
of the caudal. Ventrals a little shorter than the postorbital part of the
head, not reaching vent.
336 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Color translucent green, with the usual silvery band somewhat broader
than a scale. Belly white. A dark vertebral band made of three streaks
of dark points. Edges of scales with dark punctulations. Fins i)l;ii]i.
Lower jaw dark blood-color; the ground-color red, rendered dark by
punctulations. Bordering membrane deep red.
TabJc of propotiioiud nieasurenieiils.
Extreme lengtli from chin to tip of tail .5.75 inclics.
Leiigtli from tip of upper jaw to base of tail 4.00 iuches = UK)
Body :
Greatest deptli lU
Greatest width 8
Least depth of tail 4.J-
Length of caudal peduncle G
Head :
Length from tip of lower jaw 50
Length from tip of upjier jaw ;J0
Width of interorbital area (>
Length of mandible from eye :}G
Length of snout (J
Diameter of orbit 5
Dorsal :
Distance from snout 7()
Length of base 1(5
Greatest height ' 7
Aual:
Distance from snout 78
Length of base 14
Caudal :
Length of upper rays 13
Length of middle rays 11
Length of lower rays 14
Pectoral length 11^
Ventral :
Distance from snout 03
Length ' - 7i
Dorsal rays - , 1,13
Anal rays 1. 14
This species is abundant in the bay of San Diego and in the harbor
of San Pedro. At San Diego we obtained in the winter, a very large
number of immature individuals. At Wilmington we secured one speci-
men nearly adult, and saw numerous others swimming about near the
surface in the muddy waters of the harbor.
We have named this species for Miss Eosa Smith, of San Diego, who
has given much attention to ichthyology, and to whom the National
Museum is indebted for many specimens of San Diego fishes.
San Diego, Cal., August 10, 1880.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 337
DESCRIPTIOIVS OF SEVEIV IVE^V SPECIES OF FBSDBES FKOM DEEP
SOr.'VWIIVJSS ©rv TEIE SOUTMEKIV IVEW E.^GtiAIVO COAST, WITH
KIACJIVOSES OF TWO IJIVOESCniBEO OENEISA OF FLOirrVDERS
AND A GENUS KEt.ATED TO MEKtiUCIBJS.
By o. BMO'^yiv c;ooa>E.
On tlie 4tli of September, 1880, the Fish Commission steamer " Fish
Hawk" made a two days' trip from the summer station at IS^ewport, E. I.,
to the edge of the Gulf Stream. Several hauls of the trawl-net were
made at the following stations: Nos. 805, 800, 807; lat. 40° 5'; long.
70O 23' W. ; depth, 05 fathoms. No. 808 ; lat. 40° 1' 42" :N". ; long. 70°
22' 30" W. ; depth, 102 fathoms. No. 809; lat. 40° 2' 18" N. ; long. 70°
23' 0" W. ; depth, 192 fathoms. No. 870 ; lat. 40° 2' 30" N. ; long.
TOO 22' 58" W. ; depth, 155 fathoms. No. 871 ; lat. 40° 2' 54" N. ; long.
70O 23' 40" W.; depth, 115 fathoms. No. 872; lat. 40° 5' 39" N.;
long. 70° 23' 52" W. ; depth, 80 fathoms.
Tiie results of this day's work are unparalleled in the history of the
Commission. Over 120 species of invertebrates and fishes yvere added
to the fauna of Southern New England. The list of fishes never before
seen south of Cape Cod is as follows. The other fishes taken in the
same hauls are also mentioned, inclosed in brackets :
1. GlyiJtocephalus cyno(jlossns, (hum.) Gill; young; 809,870.
2. Monolene sessilicauda, n. s., n. g. ; 870, 871.
3. Citharichthys arctifrotis, n. s. ; 871, 872.
4. CitJiarichthys unicornis, n. s. ; 870, 871.
5. Thyris pellucidus, n. s., n. g. ; 871, 872.
0. Macrurns Bairdii, Goode & Bean ; adult and young ; 870.
7. Macrurus carminatus, n. s. ; 870.
8. Hypsimmetes gohioidcs, n. s. ; 871.
[Phycis chuss, (Walb.l Gill] I (No. 25925) ; 800.
[Merlucius hilinearis, (Mitch.) Gill] ; adult and young; 870, 871, 872..
9. Phycis Ghesten Goode & Bean ; adult and young ; 808, 809, 870.
\Phycis regius, (Mitch.) Gillj; 870.
10. Lycodes Verrilhi, Goode & Bean ; 870.
11. Anarrkiehas lupus, limii.; young; 800.
12. Peristedium miniatum, n. s. ; 805, 872.
13. Sehastes mnrinus, (Linn.) Liitken, 870, 871.
14. Eaia, unkn. spec, (with numerous closely studded spines); 871.
15. Paia, unkn. spec, (in egg, with very long tail) ; 809.
10. Myxine yhitinosa, hum.; 809,870.
On this same ground Gloucester fishermen, in 1879, obtained numerous,
specimens of Lopholatilus chamcdeonticeps never elsewhere taken.
The occurrence of PInjcis regius and Merlucius hilinearis at such great
depths is worthy of mention.
Proc. Nai. Mus. 80 22 ^^^. 23^ ^^^^
338 PROCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Ill tlie following paper are described the following genera and species,
apparently never before observed:
Thyris, n. g. )
Hypsicometes, n. g. Merluciidcef ' '
MonoJene sessilieauda, n. s.
Cltharichthrjs arctifrons, n. s.
Citharichthys unicornis, n. s.
Thyris pellucidus, n. s.
Macrurus carminatus, n. s.
Sypsicometes gohioides, n. s.
Peristedium miniatum, n. s.
I am greatly indebted to Mr. Frederick Gardner, jr., who has assisted
in the preparation of this paper.
Monolene,* new geuus.
A genns of plenronectoid fishes with thin elongate body and sessile
candal fin. Eyes npon left side very close together, and near to profile.
Mouth moderate ; the length of the maxillary less than one-third that
of the head. Teeth minute in the jaws, in single series, nearly equal on
both sides, though perhaps a trifle stronger on the blind side; absent
on vomer and palatines. Pectoral fin upon blind side totally absent.
Dorsal fin commences in advance of the eye npon the snout. Dorsal
and anal rays simple. Caudal fin sessile, almost confluent with dorsal
and anal. Ventrals normal. Scales rather large, ctenoid upon colored
side, cycloid upon blind side. Lateral line marked; on colored side
strongly and angularly curved above the anterior two-thirds of the
pectoral ; on the blind side straight, rising slightly as it approaches the
region of the gill-opening. Gill-rakers few, feeble. Vertebrae 43.
Monolene sessilicauda, new species..
Extreme length of specimen described 0.156™.t ^
The height of the body (38) is about three-eighths of the total length
(without caudal), and is equal to twice the distance of the origin of the
ventral from the snout (19); its height over the ventrals (25) is about
five times the longitudinal diameter of the lower eye (5), the least
height (8.5), at the base of the tail, slightly greater than the length of
the lower jaw (8). The body is thin its greatest width (5) not exceed-
ing the longitudinal diameter of the orbit.
Scales subcircular, with irregular outline, about 2 millimeters in diame-
ter, or in diameter about one-fourth (1.25) the diameter of the eye. The
posterior edge of each scale upon the colored side is pectinate with about
.fifteen denticulations. The scales of the blind side are oval, non-pec-
* Etymology: ^uoi^of ^single; wAev;/ ^ an arm.
tNo. 26004.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 339
til', ate, aboiit as large as those of tlie colored side. The head is every-
where closely" thatched with scales, even to the edges of the lips, and
small scales occur on the bases of the caudal, pectoral, and ventral fins,
and upon the rays of the vertical tins nearly out to their tips. There
are about 23 rows above and 25 below the lateral lines on the colored
side, behind the curve of the line.
Lateral line of colored side strongly bent in its anterior part over the
base and anterior two-thirds of the pectoral fin. There are about 92
scales in the lateral line, 72 of them in its straight portion. The arc of
the curved portion of the lateral line (12) is slightly more than double
the distance of its highest portion above the line of the straight portion
of the line were it continued (5). The curve of the line is very x)eculiar,
having two angles; that nearest the head being most obtuse. The
lateral line on the blind side is nearly straight, slightly ascending above
the abdominal cavity.
The length of the head (20) equals one- fifth of the standard length,
and four times diameter of eye, or length of perculum (5). Distance
from snout to margin of upper eye (5) much greater than distance to
lower eye (3), and less than length of the maxillary (5.5), the posterior
margin of which j)asses the perpendicular from the anterior margin of
the lower eye. The width of the interorbital area is very small, less
than one-sixth of the diameter of the eye. The length of the mandible
(8) is two-fifths of the head.
The dorsal fin begins upon the snout in the perpendicular from the
anterior margin of the lower eye. It is composed of from 99 to 104
simple rays (in five specimens), the longest of which in the jiosterior
fourth of the fin ; their length (0) nearly half that of the head. The
anal fin begins between the tips of the ventral, close to the vent, and
under the insertion of the x^ectoral. It is composed of 79 to 84 simple
rays, the longest in the posterior fourth; their length (7) slightly more
than one-third the length of the head.
The cautlal is sessile, rounded, the middle rays in length (17) nearly
double the longest dorsal rays.
The pectoral, present only on the colored side, is inserted close to the
branched opening, its length (15) three-fourth that of the head.
The ventrals are upon the medium ventral line, even in length (0),
slightly shorter or nearly equal to the longest rays of the anal.
Color on the left side ashy brown, with numerous more or less dis-
tinct darker brown spots. On the blind side white. Pectoral blackish,
with traces of lighter transverse bands.
Radial fornmla: D. 99-103; A. 79-84. Lateral line (92).
Eleven sj)ecimens, ranging in length from .094 to .156 millimeter, were
taken, September 4, in hauls 870 and 871.
340 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Current numhcr of specimen
20,004.
870.
20,004&.
26,004c.
26,004c.
Milli-
meters.
lOOths
of
length.
Milli-
meters.
lOOths
of
length.
Milli-
meters.
lOOths
of
length.
Milli-
meters.
lOOtha
of
length.
156
133
Length to end ot middle caudal rays .
Eody :
100
38
5
25
25
8.5
20
5
7.5
3
5
5.5
8
5
3
9
22
7
17
21
15
19
6
103
84
*92
(23)
(25)
5
Head:
Distance I'roiu snout to upper
Distance from snout to lower
DiauRtcr ot orbit, longitudinal.
Dorsal (spinous) :
Anal :
Caudal ■
Pectoral :
Ventral :
102
81
99
81
103
103
Anal
79
Kurnber of transverse rows above
Number of transverse rows below
* 20 in curve.
Citharichthys, Bleeker.
A geuus of pleuroiiectoid fishes. Mouth rather wide, the length of
the maxillary almost one-third that of the head. Eyes upon left side,
the upper one very near to profile. Teeth quite minute, on a single series
in each jaw, rather more prominent upon the blind side*. Vomerine and
palatine teeth none. Pectoral fin upon blind side much shorter and
with fewer rays than uiion colored side. Ventrals also asymmetrical,
the sinistral one upon the median ventral line, the dextral one slightly
in advance and crowded up upon the blind side. Dorsal fin commences
in front of the eye upon the snout. Dorsal and anal rays simple. Cau-
dal fin subsessile, its peduncle not much develoi)ed. Scales large, flexi-
ble, cycloid, very deciduous. Lateral line strongly defined, straight or
very slightly curved anteriorly. Gill-rakers short, rather stout, flexible.
Vertebrae 34 (in C. arctifrons). Gill membranes broadly united below
the throat; gill rakers lanceolate. Branchiostegals 5.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 341
Citharichthys arctifrons, new species.
Extreme lengtli of specimeu described 137 millimeters.*
The height of the body (37) is about three-eighths of its total length
(without caudal), and is equal to about four times the height of the tail
(9) and about five times its thicliuess (7).
The scales are irregularly polygonal, cycloid; the largest about G mil-
limeters in diameter; the diameter (5)' nearly equal to that of the eye.
The scales are ilexible, loosely arranged, and very easily detached, so
that it is diflicult to secure a specimen in good order. Small scales on
the rays of the \entral fins. There are forty scales in the lateral line
(on the colored side), which is sharply defined and straight, and seven or
eight above and the same number below the lateral line at the broadest
l>art of the body.
The length of the head (21-24^^) is about one-fourth that of the
body, and four limes the diameter of the eye (0). The interorbital
space (1) is very narrow, equal to the difference in the distances from
snout to lower eye (4) and snout to upper eye (5). The length of
mandible (10-104) is about double the latter distance; the length of the
maxillary (7-74) slightly more than the greatest width of the body.
The dorsal fin begins upon the snout, above the anterior margin of the
upper eye. Its greatest height (13-15) is about three times the distance
of its anterior ray from the snout. It is composed of 82 to 83 simple rj^s.
The anal begins under the axil of the pectoral, its greatest height (14-?.j)
equal to or slightly exceeding half the distance of its anterior ray from
the snout. It is composed of G7 simple rays.
The caudal is subsessile, triangular, of 10 rays; its length about equal
to that of the head. In dorsal, anal, and caudal the rays appear to pro-
ject beyond the connecting membrane half or two-thirds of their own
length.
The pectorals are inserted far below the lateral line and close to the
gill-opening. The pectoral on the colored side is composed of more
lays (0-10) than that of the blind side (7), its length (17-10) being about
double that of its mate (7-9). The veutrals are comi)osed of 4 rays.
Color dirty light brown.
Eadial formula: D. 82-3; A. 07; C. 10; P. 0-10-7; V.o; L. lat. 40.
Numerous specimens, ranging in length from 90 to 140 millimeters,
were taken, September 4, in hauls 870-871. The females were full of
ripe spawn. It is not probable, therefore, that the average size of the
species is much greater than that of the specimens described.
* No. 25908, Nat. Mus.
.042 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Current nninbor of specimen
Locality
25,908.
871.
Milli-
meters.
Extreme length
Length to end of middle caudal rays. .
Body :
Greate.'^t height of middle dorsal. .
Greatest widtli
Least height of tail
Head:
Gieatest length
"Width of int.ernrbital area
Length of snout to upper eye
Length of maxilhiry
Length of mandible
Distance from snout to lower eye .
Diaineter of orbit, longitudinal . . .
Dorsal (spinous) :
Distance from snout
Length of base
I rreatest height, posterior J
Anal:
Distance from snout
Length of base
Height at longest ray, posterior ^
Cau(hil:
Length of middle rays
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral:
Distance from snout
Length
Dorsal
137
111
Anal
C:*lal
Pectoral •
Ventral
X umber of scales in lateral line, from root of ventral obliquely
back
Number of transverse rows above lateral line
lOOths of
length.
Milli-
meters.
122
102
38.5
7
9
24.25
1
5
7.25
10.25
4
6
4.75
lOOths of
length.
25
17-9
21
10
82
67
9-7
5
Citharichthys unicornis, new species.
Extreme length of the specimen described (ISTo. 26003) 69 millimeters.
The greatest height of the body (47) is slightly less than its length,
and is about 4| times its least height at the tail (11). The body is much
higher than in G. arctifrons, its greatest height over the pectorals, the
contours then descending in almost straight lines to the base of the tail.
The thickness of the body (G) is less than in C. arctifrons, bcnig contained,
nearly seventeen times in the standard length.
Tlie scales are thin, deciduous, smaller than in C. arctifrons. There
are about forty scales in the lateral line, which is slightly curved over the
pectoral, and, as nearly as can be determined in the denuded specimens
before me, about twelve rows above and twelve below the lateral line at
the broadest part of the body.
The length of the head (25) is one-fourth of the standard length and
about three times the diameter of the eye (9), or the distance from the
snout to the upper eye (9). The interorbital space is wide (4), equal to
the length of the snout, and diagonally crossed by a strong ridge, a con-
tinuation of two ridges which form the upper boundary of the lower
and the lower boundary of the upper orbit.
The length of the maxillary (11) is less than half, that of the mandible
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 343
(13) more tlian half, that of the head. The teeth are miuute, hi single
rows, closely set in the jaws, somewhat stronger upon the blind side.
A strong short spine above the snout, at the anterior termination of tlie
ridge at the lower margin of the upper eye. Hence the specific name
unicornis.
The dorsal fin begins at the side of the preorbital spine, its anterior
rays being slightly crowded over upon the blind side. It is composed
of 73 to 75 simple rays. Its greatest height (13) is half the length of
the head.
The distance of the anal from the snout (33) is one-third of the stand-
ard length. The number of rays is GO; their longest (13) equal in length
to the longest dorsal rays.
The caudal is pointed, triangular, subsessile; its length (22) twice that
of the maxillary (11) and two-thirds the distance from the snout to the
anal (33). The pectorals are inserted far below the lateral line. The
pectoral of the colored side is twice as long (18) as the diameter of the
eye, that of the blind side as long (13) as the longest dorsal rays. The
former is composed of 10 rays, the latter of 4.
The length of the ventrals (11) is half that of the caudal. They are
asymmetrically j^laced, as is described under the generic diagnosis.
Eadial formula : D. 73-75 ; A. 60; P. 4 right, 10 left ; L. lat. 40.
Color ashy gray, with dark lateral line. Eyes black.
Current number of specimen.
Locality
26,003.
870 and 871.
Milli-
meters.
Extreme lenitli
Lenutli to origin of middle caudal rays . .
Body :
Greatest height
Least height" of tail
Head :
Greatest length
] )istiince from snout to upper eye
Distance from snout to lower eye
^Vidth of interorbital area
Lengt li of snout
Length of maxillary
Length of mandible
Diameter of orbit, longitudinal
Dor.snl (.siiinous) :
Distance from snout
Greatest height
Anal :
Distance from snout
Height at longest ray
Caudal :
Length of middle rays
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral":
Distance from snout on colored side
Length
Dorsal
Anal
Pectoral
Number of scales in lateral lino
lOOthsof
length.
4E.
28
18-13
26
11
75-73
60
, lOL.
40
344 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Thyris,* new genus.
I feel much hesitation in describing as a member of a new genus this
little heterosouie fish, which has all the appearance of being the larval
form of some larger si)ecies. Since, however, it has attained almost the
size at which one of the associated species begins breeding, and since
I am unable to assign it to any genus already described, it seems desira-
ble to give it a name which may serve to designate it, at least for the
time being.
Diagnosis. — A genus of heterosome fishes, with soft, transparent,
elongate body. Head very short (in the single species contained about
5J times in total length of body). Mouth small, toothless. Eyes upon
left side, close together, the lower slightly in advance of the upper.
Pectoral fin upon blind side shorter and with fewer rays than upon
colored side. Ventrals crowded together upon median keel of body,
their bases prolonged njion this keel. Dorsal fin commences in front of
the eye upon the snout. Dorsal and anal rays simple. Caudal fin sub-
sessile, almost confluent with dorsal and anal. Scales very small, thiu,
easily detached. Dorsal liue marked, straight. Body translucent, col-
orless (except for three longitudinal stripes in the single species). The
vertebra can almost be counted through the flesh when the fish is held
up to the light, and the arrangement of the gills is clearly visible through
the oi^ercular bones.
Thyris pellucidus, new species.
The length of the specimen described (No. 20005) is 72 millimeters.
The height of the body (32) is about one-third of its length (without
caudal), the least height of the tail (7) one-fourteenth. The body is
thiu, pellucid, larval-like, divided into three longitudinal tracts by de-
pressions at the bases of tlie rows of interspinous i^rocesses, as in Gltjp-
tocephalus.
The scales are small, thiu, easily detached (none remain upon the
specimen except a few in the lateral line). The number of transverse
rows is estimated at one hundred and twenty, the number of rows above
and below the lateral line at the widest portion of the body seventeen
or eighteen. The scales in the lateral liue are provided with a large
central canal. The lateral line is straight on both sides.
The head is very small; its length (18) contained about five and one-
half times in the total length of the body. The eyes are small, protrud-
ing, the upper almost perpendicularly above, though i>erh:ips slightly
posterior to the lower. The diameter of the eye (2) equals the width of
the interorbital space (2) and is double the distance (4) from the snout
to the upper eye, that from the snout to the lower eye (3) being inter-
mediate. The mouth is small, the shape of the opening being somewhat
like that in Solea, the upper jaw being somewhat hook-shaped. The
length of the upper jaw (4) is two-thirds that of the mandible (0).
The dorsal commences on the snout in advance of the eye, ami is com-
* Etymology : ■9vpig=a, window.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345
posed of 96 to 102 long', flexible, simple rays, their tips appareutly ex-
tendiug far beyond the connecting membrane. The length of the longest
rays (14) is double the least height of the body at the base of the tail
The anal fin originates at a distance (22) from the snout contained
four times and one half in the length of the body. It is composed of
70 to 81 rays, the longest of which are as long as the head.
The pectoral is inserted close to the gill-opening and far below the
lateral line (midway from the black stripe ui)on the lateral line to the
black stripe at the base of the interspinous processes of the anal fin).
The pectoral upon the blind side is short, its length (2) equal to the
diameter of the orbit, composed of about four or five rays ; that upon
the colored side longer, its length (3) equal to that of the snout, and com-
posed of about twelve rays. The ventrals are both crowded upon the
ventral keel, their bases prolonged upon the keel, their tips embracing
the origin of the anal.
Iladial formula : D. 9G-102 ; A. 7G-81 ; P. 12 left, 4-5 right.
Color: In life colorless, translucent. In alcohol yellowish white.
Three prominent blackish longitudinal stripes or lines upon the left side.
The stripe running from the branchial cleft to the base of the tail is less
prominent than the two at the bases of the interspinous processes. On
the lateral line of the right side there is no stripe, though the two lateral
stripes are as prominent as ui)on the other side. Eyes black.
Current number of specimen
Locality
26,005.
870, 871, and 872.
MiUi-
meters.
lOOtlis of
lencrth.
Extreme length
Length to eiul of middle caudal rays . .
Body :
Gieatf'st height
Least height of tail
Head :
Greatest height
Distance from snout to upper eye.
Distance from snout to lower eye .
Width of interorbital area . . . .
Lengt li of max illary
Length of mandildo
Diameter of orbit
Dorsal (siiiiious) :
Distance from snout
Greatest height
Anal :
Distance from snout
Height at longest ray
Caudal :
Length of middle rays
Pectoral:
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral:
Distance from snout
Dorsal
Anal
Pectoi-al
Kumber of scales in lateral line.
100
32
7
18
4
3
2
4
2.5
14
16
90-102
7G-81
!L.,4-5K.
*1£0
' Estimated from partial count.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEmi.
Macnirus carminatus, new species.
A single specimen, 248 millimeters in length, was obtained, September
4, at station 871. It is most closely related to M. coelorliynchus (Risso)
Bonap. and to M. atlanticus Lowe, bnt differs in the number of iin-rays
and in other characters.
The body is less elongate and stouter than in M. Bairdii, Goode & Bean,
though its greatest height (12.5) is, as in M. Bairdii, one-eighth of total
length. The difference in general appearance is due to the fact that in
31. carminatus the ventral contour retreats less rapidly.
The scales are large, heavy, the free portions covered with long vitre-
ous spines arranged in nine or ten rows. These scales resemble the old-
fashioned wool cards. Hence the specific name, from carmen, a wool-card.
The spines are thicker and more closely set than in ill. Bairdii, and there
is no specialization of the central row. The number of scales in the
lateral line cannot be determined, thougii it probably does not exceed
100, but there are a,bout five transverse rows' above it and twelve below
it, counting from the vent obliquely backward. In ill. Bairdii there are
152 in the lateral line, six above and nineteen or twenty below.
Length of head (21) contained a little less than five times in total
length. Width of interorbital area (4) about equal to vertical diameter
of orbit, and about one-fifth of the length of the head. Length of snout,
horizontal diameter of eye, length of postorbital portion of head about
equal (7). Length of operculum (35) half that of snout.
Snout long, sharp, depressed, triangular, the lower surface more nearly
parallel with the axis of the body than in M. Bairdii. The lateral ridges
are pronounced and are contained in a straight line under the eyes and
upon the i>reopercula. Strong horizontal ri<lges continue from the supra-
orbital margins to the gill-openings, parallel with the subocular ridges.
Kostrils immediately in front of the orbit. Barbel very short.
Teeth small, conical, somewhat recurved, arranged in villiform bands.
Distance ot first dorsal from snout (23.5) about four and one-half times
the length of its base (5), its distance from anterior margin of orbit much
less than the length of the head. First spine very short, hardly per-
ceptible above the skin. Second spine about half as long (11) as the
head, slender, unarmed. When laid back, its tip reaches the origin of
the second dorsal (the filament is destroyed). The decrease in the
length of the spines is very gradual, the sixth being nearly as long as
the second, so that the fin is not so triangular in shape as in M. Bairdii.
The second dorsal begins in the perpendicular from the seventh ray
of the anal. The anal is much higher than in M. Bairdii, tbe length of
the longest rays (2) nearly equal to half the width of the interorbital
area.
Anal fin inserted under the eighteenth scale of the lateral line (as
nearly as can be judged from the distorted specimen). Its longest rays
are as long as the width of the interorbital area.
Distance of pectoral from snout equal to twice its own length (11),
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 347
wliicli is about equal to the length of the dorsal spine. Its insertion is
below the middle of the depth of the body and below the level of the
center of the orbit. Its tip does not reach to the perpendicular from
the' origin of the anal.
Insertion of ventral behind pectoral and slightly in advance of the
insertion of the dorsal. Its distance from the snout (22) is greater than
twice its length (0). Its long lilameut does not reach to the origin of
the anal hn.
Eadial formula : D. I, IX, 80 + ; A. 7G + ; P. 13 ; V. 7.
Color silvery gray. The thick, closely-set spines are matted with oozy
mud which cannot be removed. This is doubtless the result of the hard
usage experienced in the trawl-net.
26 007.
871.
Milli-
meters.
lOOthsof
length.
248
100
Body:
Greatest lieiglit uiider dorsal ...
12.5
Head:
21
4
7
3.5
7.25
Dorsal (spinous) :
23 5
5
11
Dorsal (soft) :
35
Anal :
27
Pectoral:
21
Lenaih
11
Ventral :
o2
10
I, IX, 80+
76+
13
7
[1001
(G)
(18)
Hypsicometes,* new genus.
A small specimen, much contracted and distorted from immersion in
strong alcohol, is the only material upon which to base this description.
Although not quite satistied that the relations of this fish are most nearly
with Merlnciidcv^ I venture to assign it temporarily to a ])Osition in tliis
family, hoping that additional material may confirm 'my present belief.
In some respects it resembles the Blomioids, but pseudobranchije are
absent.
Diagnosis. — A genus of fishes in general form closely resembling
Merlucius, but with the elongate body covered with large scales (not
* Etymology; v-\pi=:m doep water; K(j/x,vT)?f=:an inhabitant, a dweller.
348 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
niuch more than lialf as many in lateral line as in M. hillnearis nor one-
tliird as nmny as in M. vulgaris). Mouth rather small. A separate
caudal. Two dorsal tins, the first composed of a few long- rays, the second
with longer base. One elongate anal. Ventrals well developed, with
broad base composed of six rays. Teeth on the vomer and in the jaws
in two or three rows, rather feeble. The eyes large, near together, look-
lug upward. jSTo barbel.
Hypsicometes gobioides, new species.
The general appearance of the fish is suggestive of a species of Golnuft.
Head rather broad and somewhat depressed; its greatest width (13)
about equal to the greatest height of the body (12), and less than one-
lialf its leugth (30), which is contained three times and one-third in the
standard length. The cleft of the moutli is horizontal, extending to the
perpendicular from the anterior margin of the orbit. The snout is broad,
rounded, as long (10) as the longitudinal diameter of the eye. The iu-
terorbital space is nariow (2), one-fifth the length of the snout, the eyes
hirge, very close together, looking upward. The length of the maxillary
(13) is equal to the greatest Avidth of the head. The mandible is much
longer. Teeth minute, in two or three rows on jaws and on vomer. Gill-
opening wide, the membranes united over the isthmus near the snout.
Body shai)ed much as in young of Mcrhicius, the least height of tbe
tail (5) about half of the greatest width of the body (11). The scales are
large, about 58 transverse rows from gill-opening to base of caudal.
The character of the scales and the position of the lateral line cannot
be decided from the specimen described.
The dorsal originates above the base of the pectoral, and consists of
six or seven flexible rays as long (10) as the snout. The second dorsal
has a base four times as long (10) as the snout, and extends nearly to the
base of the caudal. It is composed of about seventeen rays, the longest
slightly longer (11) than the longest in the first dorsal.
The origin of the anal is under that of the second dorsal; its base
length (48) is equal to the distance of its anterior ray from the snout
(48). It is composed of about sixteen rays, the longest of which (10) is
equal to the longest in the first dorsal.
The caudal is truncate, its length (18) three-eighths of that of the base
of the anal.
The insertion of the pectoral is distant from the snout (33) one-third
of the distance from snout to base of caudal. Its length (10) equal to
the height of the first dorsal.
The ventrals are far apart, with broad bases lying flat upon the ventral
surface, comjiosed of six rays. They are situated far in advance of the
pectorals and their length (14) equals two-fifths of the distance from
snout to first dorsal.
Eadial formula: D. VI (or VII), 17 ; A. 16; V. G; L. lat. 158.
Color grayish, with obscure cloudings. Belly lighter. A large black
blotch upon the base of the upper caudal rays.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 349
MiUi-
moters.
lOOths of
lenj'th.
Extreme length .......
Lenght to end of middle caudal rays .
Body :
Greatest heinht
Greatest width
Least height of tail
Head :
Greatest length
Greatest width
SVidth of iuterorbital area
Leugt li of suout
Lriigth of maxillary
Diiimeter of orbit, iongitudinal . .
Dorsal (spinous) :
Distance from suout
Length of base
Greatest height
Dorsal (soft) :
Length of base
Height at longest ray
Anal:
Distance from snout
Length of base
Height at longest ray
Caudal :"
Len gth of middle rays
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral :
Distance from snout
Length
Dorsal
Anal -
Teutral
!N umber of scales iu lateral line
33
10
23
14
VI-[VIIJ,17
IG
6
[58]
Peristedium miiiiatum, new species.
Total lengtli of type (No. 26023) 300 millimeters.
The greatest width of the body (20) is equal to its greatest height
(19.5), being one-fifth of its total length wiihont caudal. The general
armature of the body is much like that described by Giinther under
Pcristctlms hrevirostre.* The number of plates between the gill-opening
and the base of the tail is from twenty-seven to twenty-nine. There are
four series of spiny plates on each side, the spines of the abdominal
series becoming very weak and obsolete towards the tip of the tail.
The length of the head (10.15) is two-tifths of the total length without
caudal. The length of the preorbital processes (7) is contained about
three times and one-half in the distance from their extremities to the
anterior margin of the orbit. The iuterorbital space is deex)ly concave,
its width (0.75) contained between six and seven times in the length of
the head. Protuberance on the forehead very slight. The length of
the snout (22.5) is more than half that of the head (in young less). The
diameter of the eye [do) is contained between six and seven times in the
lengtli of the head. There is one pair of spines upon the upper surface
of the snout behind the base of the preorbital processes, and another
larger pair upon the preorbital processes, one upon each. The ridge of
the preoperculum terminates in a depressed, short, sharp-pointed spine.
The number of small tentacles upon either side of the lower jaw is about
* Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. ii, 18G0, p. -218.
350 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ten, the smallest nearest to tbe symphysis. The long tentacles at the
angles of the mouth are fringed and extend to the base of the pecto-
rals. In other respects Giinther's description of P. hrevirostre is ample
for this species.
Color bright crimson.
Radial formula: D. VII, L8; A. 17; C. 16; P. 2 + 10; V. 6. L. hit.
27 on one side, 28 on the other.
Three other specimens had the following: D. VIII, 18; A. 17. D.
VII, 18; A. 18. D. VII, 18; A. 18.
The measurements of adult and young specimens are given. The fish
when taken seemed to be in the height of the spawning season.
Current number of specimen
Locality
26,023.
26,030.
871 (young).
Milli-
meters.
lOOths of
length.
MiUi-
meters.
lOOths of
length.
Extreme length
Length to end of middle caudal rays
Lodv :
Greatest height at origin of dorsal
Greatest width under pectorals
Height at veutrals
Least height of tail
Head :
Greatest length
Distance from snout to nape
Greatest width . . ..
Width of intcrorhital area
Length of snout ■
Length of operculum
Lertgth of maxillary
Length of mandible
Distance from snout to orbit
Diameter of orbit, longitudinal
Width of mouth-openiug
End of frontal spine to symphysis of m<nxinaries .
Length of barbels
Dorsal (spinous) :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Greatest height, second spine
Height at first spine
Height at last spine
Width of upper surface of occipital plate
Length of upper surface of occipital plate . . .
Width of upper suiface of nexal plate
Length of upper surface of nexal plato
Anal :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Height at first spine
Height at second spine
Height at third spine
Height at last spine
Caudal :
Length of middle rays
Length of external rays
Pectoral :
Distance from snout
Length
Ventral :
Distance from snout *
Distance from symphysis of mandibles
Length
Isthmus
Dorsal
Anal
300
272
Caudal .,
Pectoral
Ventral
Number of plates in lateral line
From anterior edge of frontal plate to end of frontal spine.
100
19.50
20
19.50
2.75
40.50
32.75
29
6.75
22.50
10
12
12.50
21
6.50
12
7
29
38.25
53.50
10.75
10
3
7
4.75
6.50
5
53.50
36
3.50
6.50
8
4
9.50
5
33
18.25
31
37.25
17.50
15. 50
VII, 18
18
16
2+10
6
28
9.50
100
19
15
18
3
39
36
30
12
18
14.50
13
19
10
13
10
40
53.50
10.75
10
6
12.50
8
0.25
3
51
40
3
34
14
30
40
20
15 •
VII, 18
18
PROCEEDINGS 01' UNITED STATES NATIONAL 5IUSEUM.
DESCRIPTION OF A IVE^V SPECIES OF ICTERUS FROM THE WEST
INDIES.
By GEOISGE N. I.A\^^KET^CE.
Icterus ohhri.
Male: Head, neck, iii^per part of breast, back, wiiig-s, and tail black ;
lower part of breast, abdomen, nnder tail-coverts, and rump lij,dit-
brownish chestnut, with the concealed bases of the feathers of a clear
light yellow; the thighs are yellow, with a wash of chestnut; edge of
wing and under wing-coverts yellow; bill black, with the sides of the
nnder mandible bluish for half its length from the base ; tarsi and toes
black.
Length (skin), 8i inches; wing, 3|; tail, 4; tarsus, J; bill.
The female has the upper plumage of a dull greenish olive, with a yel-
lowish tinge, the front and rump inclining more to yellow ; the tail
feathers are yellowish green ; qnills. brownish black; the primaries and
secondaries are edged narrowly with dull yellowish gray; the tertiaries
are margined with fulvous ; wing-coverts dark brown, margined with
fulvous ; edge of wing yellow ; the under plumage is of a rather dull
dark yellow ; the breast and under tail-coverts are of a deeper or warmer
color ; the sides are greenish olive ; bill and legs as in the male.
The young male resembles the female in plumage, but has the back
somewhat darker.
Types in National Museum, Washington.
It differs from all its allies, which are somewhat similarly colored, in
having the shoulders black, instead of yellow or chestnut.
Seven specimens were obtained.
In the early part of March of the present year, Mr. Ober left for the
West Indies, intending to exi)lore as many of the islands not visited on
his first exi)edition as his limited time would permit. He returned after
an absence of six months, and his collections sent to the Smithsonian
Institution were placed in my hands for examination. Among them I
found but one new species, viz, the Icterus above described, procured in
Montserrat.
It seems but a fitting compliment that the only new species commem-
orative of the second expedition of Mr. Ober should bear his name.
The catalogues of tlie birds obtained by him in the different islands
will be published in the Proceedings of the National Museum as soon
as he furnishes me with his notes and observations thereon.
October 15, 1880.
352 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STxVTES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
DESCKBPTIorV OF A IVK^V SPECIES OF IVOTHDAIVOID SHARK (IIEX-
AIVCHUS CoklNUS), FROM THE PACIFIC COAST OF THE UIVITEO
STATES.
By ©AVIO S. JOKDAN aaad CBIARLES H. CiSLBERT.
Hexanchus corinus, sp. nov.
Head large, broad, depressed and very blunt anteriorly ; tlie length
of snout from front of mouth little more than half the interorbital space
and rather less than the distance from the front of the mouth to angle
of the mouth.
Ko median tooth in upper jaw. Two sharp, slender teeth in front of
upper jaw, behind which is a row of four others similar but a little larger ;
the two outer larger than the inner, all without basal cusps. Behi: d
these are four others similar and still a little larger. These are di-
rected backward, and should not be considered as functional teeth.
The first of the large teeth in the upi^er jaw is larger than the succeed-
ing teeth. It has a sharp point hooked outward, and a single strong
cusp on its outer margin, its inner edge not serrate. The second
tooth, on both sides, has the basal cusp obsolete. The third tooth is
like the first, but a little smaller. The fourth tooth is slightly serrated
on the inner margin, and has two strong cusps on the outer at base.
The fifth and sixth are similar to the fourth, but more strongly serrate on
the inner margin. The seventh, eighth, and ninth are small, and the
luimber of cusps is increased, so that they approach the form of the
teeth of the lower jaw.
The median tooth of the lower jaw is very small, with a slight me-
dian cusp and three cusps on the outer margin, the uppermost the
largest. The first lateral tooth has six cusps ; the first the largest, the
others progressively decreasing; the long edge of the first cusp is finely
serrated, but has no basal cusp. The second, third, fourth, and fifth
teeth are precisely similar in size and form to the first. The sixth and
seventh are somewhat smaller. In the smaller specimen, from Soquel,
the inner edge of the teeth is not serrated. Behind the large teeth in
each jaw is the usual series of small blunt teeth, which in this species
are little developed.
Nostrils near the tip of the snout. Furrow of skin at angle of mouth
reaching half way from the angle of the mouth to the gill-opening. Eyes
large, § the length of the snout. Spiracles small, far behind the eyes.
Gill-openings 6. Pectoral moderate, as long as from first gill-opening to
tip of lower jaw. Ventrals small, reaching i)ast front of the small dorsal.
Dorsal a little higher than anal, and terminating over the middle of the
latter fin. Tail long, twice as long as head, a little less than ^ the
total length, little bent upward : its basal lobe little developed ; the scales
on its upper edge somewhat enlarged.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 353
Color very dark sooty, almost black above, grayisb black below, with-
out spots or distinct markings. A very obscure grayish lateral streak.
Inside of upper lip blotched with black. Young specimen clear brown.
This species is known to us from two specimens, the larger, a female
43 inches in length, the type of the i^resent description, having been
obtained by James G. Swan, assistant to the United States Fish Com-
mission, at Xeah Bay, near Cajie Flattery. The other was secured by
Mr. Gilbert at Soquel, on the Bay of Monterey.
This species is closely related to Hexanchus griseus Raf. of the Medi-
terranean and Eastern Atlantic. It difl'ers chiefly in the form of the
teeth of the lower jaw, which are serrated on the inner edge, and have
on the upper or outer edge only six cusps instead of eight or nine.
Another Notidanoid shark, belonging to the related genns Hepfran-
chias, distinguished by the presence of seven gill-openings instead of six,
is found with the i^resent species in the same waters. This is HeptrancMas
maculatus^ the N'otorhynchus macidatus or Notorliynchus horealis of Ayres
and Gill. This species differs from HeptrancMas indicus, with which it
has been confounded by Giinther and Dumeril, in the lack of a median
tooth in the upper jaw, and in the longer tail, which forms rather more
than a third of the total length.
Heptranchias maculatus is rather comrhon on the coast of California from
Monterey northward. In Humboldt Bay it is especially abundant, and
the pursuit of it for the oil in its liver is an industry of some importance.
The teeth in this species undergo some changes with age, and at least
are subject to some individual variations, as will be seen from the fol-
lowing descriptions, which may be comi)ared with Professor Gill's ac-
count of the jaws of Noforhynchus maculatns (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.
1862, 495) from Msqually, Washington Territor3\
Description of HeptrancMas macidatus^ juv., from Soquel.
Head rather depressed, broad, rounded. The nostrils almost at the tip
of the snout. Length of the snout much less than the interorbital
width. Spiracle rather large, nearer the gill-oi)enings than the eye. A
long furrow at the angle of the mouth, above which the upper lij) ex-
tends backward in a broad fold.
In the upper jaic no median tooth; two small teeth near together,
"well in front, simi)le and pointed ; two a little larger, behind and outside
of these ; then two more, similar, near together and directly within the
first pair ; then directly behind the second pair mentioned two much
larger ones, pointed, each with a conspicuous cusp on the outer edge
near the base on each side, and one or more denticnlations. The next
tooth is similar, rather larger and directed more outward. The remain-
ing five or six grow still more oblique, but are otherwise similar in form
and size, but a little more serrated.
The median tooth in the lower jaw is broad, with two (or three) strong
dentations on each side, directed outward, and a very small median cusp
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 23 ©ec. SI, 1 880.
354 PEOCEEDIXGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
at tip. The other teeth are very similar to each other, six iu number on
each side and shghtly increasing in size from the middh^.. They are
much broader than high, and armed with about four sharp points turned
outward, besides one or two smaller ones. The first point is longest,
and has a small cusp on its side, so that strictly one might call the
second cusp longest.
Gill-openings 7, high ; pectorals moderate, truncate and slightly con-
cave behind ; ventrals moderate, rather backward; anal small, the single
small dorsal just in front of it, covering most of the interspace between
it and the ventrals.
Tail very long, forming a little more than one-third the length (2f ).
A notch near its tip below; the lower lobe a little developed. Upper
edge of tail with about three series of scales, much enlarged, so that its
entire edge is finely serrated.
])escribed from two specimens from Soquel, each 18 inches long, one
male, the other female.
Description of the jaws of Heptrancliias maculatus, adult, from Humboldt
Bay.
No median tooth in upper jaw. Upper jaw with two transverse
series of teeth on each side of symphysis, the outer series usually with
two, the inner with four or five teeth, some of which are placed
externally to the main row. They are lanceolate from a quadrate
base, the points directed backwards and curved slightly outwards,
without CUSI3S or serrations. First tooth of main series similar to sym-
physeal teeth, but larger and broader, with a larger or smaller cusp at
base on outer side and with or without minute serrations on base of
inner side ; from this towards corner of mouth there is much variation
in the development of cusps and serratures, the teeth, however, con-
stantly approximating in shape those of the lower jaw, always differing
in being smaller, with external margins more inclined, and with the
central cusp larger in comparison to others and more distant from
them. Sometimes on each side are four or five teeth, bicuspidate and
without serrations on inner edge ; in other jaws the second or third
tooth from symphysis has three or more cusps on the outer margin, and
with serrulations or a single cusp at base on inner side. The last large
tooth on each side usually broad and low, with the two margins sub-
equal, without prominent median cusp; the inner margin minutely
serrate ; the outer with seven or eight cusps.
In lower jaw the teeth are much larger than in upper, and are uniform
in shape and style of armature; they are wide from a quadrate base, the
outer margins comparatively little inclined and with the cusps regularly
and rapidly graduated, usually seven in number ; the inner margins
short, gibbous and much curved, always distinctly serrate; median tooth
upright, without median cusp, and with threeor fourcuspson each margin.
Each jaw has laterally about 12 transverse series of small linear teeth,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 355
Bcai cely elevated above surface of jaw, resembling the lateral teeth of
Heterodontiis, but mtich smaller and without median crest.
^ ,, 12-7-2-2-7-12
Teeth m.— _^^_^_^^ .
We may note here, as further additions to the list of sharks on our
Pacific coast, the occurrence of Somniosus microcephalus (Bloch) Gill
in Puget's Sound; of Lamna cornuhica L. in Monterey Bay; and of
a species closely related to Eulamia lamia (Eisso) Gill in San Diego Bay.
The shark recorded by us as Pleuracromylon Iwvis (Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus.
1880, 52) is EMnotriacis Jienlei Gill. This species is not a genuine Triads,
and it appears to us to be congeneric with P. Iwvis, from which it differs
in the greater development of the basal cusps of the teeth.
Table of measurements.
Species, Hexanchus corinus J. & G. ; sex, 9 . Locality, Xeah Bay, Washington Territory.
Extreme length
Body:
(greatest height
Head :
Greatest lensth
Greatest width
Width of interorbital area
Length of suont
Length of cleft of mouth
Distince from eye to spiracle . . .
Length of nostril ,
Distance from mouth to nostril
Height of first gUl-opening ,
Dorsal :
Distance from snout
Length of base
Greatest height
Anal :
Length of base
Greatest height
Caudal :
Length
Pectorai :
Length
Ventral :
Length of base
Inches
and
lOOths.
43
lOOths
of
length.
16
12
9
5i
6U
5i-
IJ
4
7
53
6J
ej
6
4i
32
12
8
Indiana State University,
Bloomington, October 11, 1880.
356 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
NOTICE OF KECEIVT ADOBTSOIV* TO TKE MAKHIVE IIVT'ERTEBKATA,
OF TME I\OI2TniEA!ftTERrV COAST OF AMEKHCA, WBTH DE^CRIP-
TSOIVS OP NEW GEIVEKA Ai\» SPECHES ANltt CKETSCAIL RE]^IARK.J»
OIV OTISER!«l.
PART II— MOLLUSCA, V/ITH NOTES ON ANIJELIDA. ECHINODESMATA, ETC, COL-
LECTED BY THE UNITED STATES FISH COm<IISGI0N.
By A. E. VBBRILI^.
The species included in the following paper, unless otherwise stated,
have been collected by the parties euii>loyed by the United States Fish
Commission for several years past in exiiloring the waters and investi-
gating the marine animals of this coast. * This work has been under
the immediate direction of the writer, who has peTsonally taken a part
in most of the very numerous dredging excursions. The total number
of stations dredged or trawled amounts to over 1,200. Among the large
number of persons who have taken ;) more or less important part in these
explorations, in connection with the invertebrate department, I may par-
ticularly mention Prof. S. I. Smith, Prof. A. S. Packard, Mr. Sanderson
Smith, Mr. Eichard Rathbuu, Prof. H. E. Webster, Mr. Oscar Harger,
Mr. E. B. Wilson, and Mr, S. F. Clark.
During the last three years Mr. Sanderson Smith has given special
assistance in caring for the testaceous Mollusca in the dredging season,
and has also been engaged with the writer at various other times in the
working up of the Mollusca of Northern New England for publication.
Owing to the great accumulation of materials, this will necessarily take
much time. In the mean time the following catalogue will afford much
useful information as to the additions recently made to our molluscan
fauna.
This season, the most interesting and prolific region of our coast
hitherto explored was discovered upon the outer bank, or slope, situated
from 70 to 80 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, and from 90 to 115
miles south of Newport, R. I.
In September and October three very successful trips were made to
this region.
The first of these trips was made September 3 to 5, south of Martha's
Vineyard, about 70 to 80 miles (stations 8G5 to 872), where the depth
was from Go to 192 fathoms. The bottom was mostly fine compact sand,
with some mud, and with a large percentage of Foraminifera. The
* In this article 115 species of Mollusca are recorded as recent additions to the fauna
of New England. Of these, 48 species are apparently undescribed (including 23 spe-
cies just published in theAmerican Journal of Science, forNovember). The niimber of
species included in this article that are not contained in the last edition of Gould's
Invertebrata of Massachusetts is 125. Many other species, not here included, have
previously been added by me to those contained in Gould's work. Many of these are
enumerated in the author's Preliminary Check List of the Marine Invertebrata of
Northern New England, 1879. Many will l)o found in various articles in the American
Journal of Science ; others are contained in the Report on Invertebrates of Vineyard
Sound, in Part I of the Reports of the United States Fish Commission, 1873.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 357
second trip was made September 12 to 14, nearly south from Newport,
90 to 105 miles, where the depth was from 85 to 325 fathoms (stations
873 to 881). The third trip, October 1 to 3, was to the same region, but
somewhat farther west and south, and in deeper water (stations 891 to
895). At all these stations, except 8G7, a large beam-trawl was used ;
at 867 a heavy "rake-dredge", of a new form, was used with good
success.
All these stations are situated in the region designated on the charts
as " Block Island soundings", and nearly all proved to be exceedingly
rich in animal life, the vast abundance of individuals of many of the
species taken being almost as surprising as the great number and
variety' of tlie species themselves.
In this region the slope is exceedingly gradual till the dei^th of 75 to
100 f Vithoms is reached, at about 90 miles from the coast ; the slope then
becomes much more rai)id, but yet not steej), and the bottom is of very
fine comi)act sand, mingled with more or less mud, fragments of shells,
and sometimes with small stones,* and generally has a smooth and
rather hard surface, 'uell adapted to support a very great variety of
animals of nearly all classes. In some places the material is softer mud
and sand ; in others it is covered with broken shells and great numbers
of sponges, hydroids, and worm-tubes.
Many species owe their existence, on these bottoms, to the suitable
places of attachment furnished by the large tubes of annelids, which
formed a marked feature in many of the localities.
In several localities with muddy bottoms (869,879,880,894), we trawled
large quantities (several thousands in all) of very singular, large, round,
unattached worm-tubes, occui^ied by a large, undescribed species of
HyalinceciaA These tubes are firm and translucent, composed of a
tough substance resembling the quills of birds. They are open at both
ends, but often have internal sei^ta near the larger end ; they are often
more than a foot long, and about a third of an inch in diameter at the
* These stones, which were common in nearly every haul of the third trip, are of all
sizes, from small pebbles up to bowlilers G inches or more in diameter. They are of
various kinds of rocks, like those found in the drift formation along the opposite
shores of the mainland and on the shores of Block Island and the eastern end of Long
Island. Their presence, so far from land and beneath the edge of the Gulf Stream, can
easily be explained by supposing that they have been carried out to sea by the shore
ice that forms along these coasts in winter in vast quantities and of considerable
thickness. This ice, when it breaks up in spring, is carried out to sea, with its
inclosed stones and gravel, by the tides and currents, till it comes in contact with the
Avarmer waters of the Gulf Stream, where its loads of stones drop to the bottom. "We
have often met with large, loose, and fresh bowlders, sometimes of large size, in
various localities, f;ir from land, on muddy bottoms, off the coasts of Maine and Nova
Scotia, where thoy have doubtless been recently dropped from shore ice.
t Hi/aJinwcia ariifex Verrill, sp. nov. Closely related to H. fiihicola of Europe, but
much larger, with the buccal segment as long as the three or four following segments ;
anterior autenn;T3 small, short, rounded, ovate; three median ones sabequal, very
long, reaching the 15th segment ; eyes rudimentary; branchiie slender, commencing
at about the ^Sth to 30th segment; bidentate sette with the hook terminal and less
curved. Surface opalescent.
358 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NxVTIONAL MUSEUM.
larger end, but taper gradually toward the smaller one, and are nearly
straight. They may possibly at times stand erect in the mud, but this
is doubtful ; in most cases they probably lie free on its surface, and the
large and powerful annelid inhabiting them probably has the power of
dragging them about ; otherwise it would be impossible to account for
the numerous hydroids, actinians, sponges, &c., which often cover them.
On the harder bottoms, in the shallower localities, especially at sta-
tions 805 to 867, we obtained great quantities of a very diflerent, unat-
tached worm-tube, composed of bivalve shells, entire and broken,
arranged so as to form a strong, tlattened covering around a thin silken,
central tube. These are made by a i^ale, opalescent species of Nothria
(near N. conchylega), allied to Hyalinoecia. In the localities last named
we also took large quantities of another very diflerent kind of worm-
tube, made by another Annelid of the same family, a large species of
Eunice or Leodice.* This tube is sometimes half an inch in diameter,
more or less attached, irregularly bent, often branched, or with side-
openings at the angles. It is comj^osed of a parchment-like material,
and is usuallj^ covered with hydroids, sponges, actinians, ascidians, &c.
The sand and mud usually contain a large percentage of calcareous
Foraminifera, many of which are remarkably large and handsome spe-
cies, often more than o" or 6'" in diameter. In some of the localities (as
at stations 8(39, 894:, and 895) there were, in the mud, very large quantities
of large sand-covered Ehizopods {Astrorhiza, Bhahdammina^ &c.), which
assume a variety of irregularly branched and often rudely stellate forms,
but many of them are rod-like, and nearly an inch in length.
Fishes, Crustacea, Annelids, Anthozoa, and Echinoderms, as well as
Mollusca, abounded in new and strange forms. Of many of these spe-
cies, i)reviously unknown in our waters, thousands of specimens were
obtained. At several of the stations, especially at 880, 881, 893, and
894, large numbers of the handsome Mopsea-like coral, Acanella Nor-
mani V., were taken ; to these many fine specimens of the rare Pecten
vitreus were attached, and also several species of Actinians and Annelids.
In many of the localities vast numbers of hermit-crabs {Paguridw), of
several species, occurred, inhabiting cases consisting of groups of the
compound, sand-coated Actinians, mostly Epizoantlms Americanus V.
The bases of these originally covered dead shells of Gastropods or
Pteropods, occupied by the crabs, but by some chemical process they
have, in most cases, wholly removed the substance of the shell, so that
the polyp constitutes the entire residence of the crab. Large numbers
of huge Actinians, such as Bolocera Tuedice, JJrticina nodosa, &c., oc-
* Leodice jyoh/irmicJiia Verrill, sp. nov. A stout species, resembling L. vivida (St.) =
X. Norvigica (L.), but the brauchii© commence on the seventh or eighth segment, and
continue to near the end of the body, on at least 1'20 segments ; they have four to six
branches; eyes large, round; three median antennae, long, the middle one longest;
tentacles long, reaching beyond the edge of the buccal segment, which is as long as
the three following ones; ventral cirri at first conical, those beyond the fourth, short,
with large swoUeu bases.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 359
curred in most of the deeper dredgings. Large quantities of a large,
handsome, but very fragile, cui^-coral {FlabeUum Goodei V.) occurred in
the deeper localities, especially at stations 880, 894, 895, but most of the
specimens were ruined by being crushed by the great weight of tha
contents of the trawl. The animal of this coral is bright orange, with
a purple center.
While many of the species of every class obtained here are arctic, or
belong to the cold waters found at similar or greater depths on the coasts
of Europe and in the Mediterranean, a few genera, like Avicula, Solarmm^
and Marginella, are related to southern or West Indian forms. A num-
ber of the most abundant species of Crustacea and Echinoderms* had
already been described from the collections made by Pourtales, off
Florida.
Many free-swimming species, belonging to the Pteropoda and Hete-
ropoda, of which we dredged the dead but perfectly fresh shells, were
not previously known to occur so far north. They were associated with
others of the same groups which had previously been taken living at the
surface along our shores, but they all belong i^roperly to the Gulf Stream
fauna.
The frequent occurrence of nearly fresh shells of Argonauta Argo was
also a matter of surprise to us, and indicates that this species must
often be very common near our coast.
The very large collections of specimens obtained on these three trips
have, as yet, been only i)artially examined, but enough has alread}^ been
done to jirove ihis region to be altogether the richest and most remark-
able dredging ground ever discovered on our coast. The large number
of new forms, combined with others previously known only from remote
regions, constitute a very distinct fauna, hitherto almost wholly un-
known.
A considerable number of undetermined, and jierhaps undescribed,
shells from these localities are not included in this article.
* A brief account of the EcMnoderms obtained by us, with descriptions of several of
the new species discovered, has been published by me in the American Journal of
Science for November, 1S80.
It is only necessary to say here that several of the star-tishes, Ophiurans, and Crin-
oids occuired iu such large numbers as to constitute one of the most conspicuous
features of the fauua. The most abundant species were Arcliasttr Americanus V., A.
Af/assizii Y., A. Florcv V., Luidia elegans Perri<5r, Oplnocuida olivacea Lym., Opkioncolex
glacialis M. & Tr., Opliiogbjpha Sarsli Lym., Antedon Samil (D. & Koren).
All these species, except the last two, are orange-colored, varying to orange-red.
The same is true of Acanclla Normani, of most of the Actinians, and of the majority of
the crabs and shrimps, as well as of some of the fishes. It seems probable that the
prevalence of orange and red colors among the deep-water animals is due to the fact
that the luminous rays of those colors are completely absorbed by the thick, overlying
stratum of sea-water, and consequently these animals, not being capable of reflectiug
snch bluish and greenish rays as do reach them, would be nearly invisible at those
depths beyond which white light penetrates. If this be true, such colors, being pro-
tective, may be due to the operation of natural selection, according to the principle
so often exemijlified in shallow-water animals having colors like their surroundings.
3G0 PEOCEEDINGS OF UXITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Dredf/ing stations on the outer hank in 1880.
Number.
Locality.
Depth.
Kature of bottom.
Latitude.
Longitude.
Fathoms.
865 .*
866
867
808
869
870
871
872
873...:
874
875
o / /'
40 05 00 ]^J'.
40 05 18 N.
40 05 42 N".
40 01 42 N.
40 02 18 N.
40 02 30 N.
40 02 54 N.
40 05 39 N.
40 02 00 N.
40 00 00 N.
39 57 00 5T.
39 57 00 N.
39 56 00 N.
39 05 00 N.
39 49 30 N.
39 48 30 N.
39 40 30 N.
d3 40 00 N.
39 46 00 N.
39 52 20 ISr.
39 53 00 N.
39 56 30 N.
o / //
70 23 00 W.
70 22 18 W.
70 22 06 W.
70 22 30 W.
70 23 06 W.
70 22 58 W.
70 23 40 W.
70 23 52 W.
70 57 00 W.
70 57 00 W.
70 57 30 W.
70 56 00 W.
70 54 18 TV.
70 54 15 W.
70 54 00 W.
70 54 00 W.
70 54 00 W.
71 10 00 W.
71 05 00 W.
70 58 00 W.
70 58 30 W.
70 59 45 W.
C5
65
64
162
192
155
115
80
100
85
126
120
120
142i
225
252
325
±500
4S7
372
365
238
Fine compact sand, with some mud.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Mud and fine sand, soft.
Fine sand, with some mud.
Do.
Shells and sponges.
Fine sand and mud.
Do.
Do.
876
Do.
877
Do.
878
Do.
879
Do.
830
881
Mud. Trawl partially fouled.
Mud and tine sand.
Mud, fine sand, small stones.
Do.
Do.
Do.
891
892
893
894
895
The temj)erature deteriniiiatioiis, owing to the violent motions of the
steamer, are unreliable at stations 865 to 872. At stations 873 to 878 the
bottom temperature was usually 51° to 53^ F.; at 879 to 881 it was 42^
to 430 F.; at 893 and 894, it was 40o.
CEPHALOPODA.
The great abundance of Cephalopods in the deep-water localities ex-
plored by us is a verj' interesting and imjiortant discovery. Eight
species were taken this season. Some of these occurred in large num-
bers. This collection adds three genera to the New England fauna, two
of them new and very curious.
Heteroteuthis tenera Verrill.
Amer. Journ. Science, xx, p. .392, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25).
A. small and delicate species, very soft and translucent when living.
Body shortish, cylindrical, scarcely twice as long as broad, posteriorly
usually round, but in strongly contracted, preserved specimens often
narrowed and even obtusely pointed ; front edge of mantle with a dorsal
angle extending somewhat forward over the neck. Fins very large, thin,
longer than broad ; the outer edge broadly rounded ; the anterior edge
extending forward quite as far as the edge of the mantle and consider-
ably beyond the insertion of the fin, which is itself ijlaced well forward.
The length of the tin is about two thirds that of the body ; the base or
insertion of the fin is equal to about one-half the body length ; the
breadth of the fin is greater than one-half the breadth of the body. Head
large, rounded, with large and prominent eyes ; lower eye-lid slightly
thickened. Arms rather small, unequal, the dorsal ones considerably
shorter and smaller than the others. In the male the left dorsal arm is
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 361
greatly modified and very different from its mate. Lateral and ventral
arms siibequal. In both sexes, and even in the young, tlie suckers along
the middle of the four lateral and two ventral arms are distinctly larger
than the rest, but in the larger males this disparity becomes very re-
markable, the middle suckers becoming greatly enlarged and swollen,
so that eight to ten of the largest are often six or eight times as broad
as the proximal and distal ones ; they are deep, laterally attached, with
a raised band around the middle and a very small, round aperture, fur-
nished with a smooth rim. In the female the corresponding suckers are
about twice as broad as the rest on the lateral arms. The suckers are
in two regular rows on the lateral and ventral arms, in both sexes. In
the male the left dorsal arm becomes thickened and larger from front to
back, and usually is curled backward; its suckers become smaller and
much more numerous than on the right arm. being arranged in four
crowded rows, except near the base, where there are but two ; the sucker-
stalks also become stout and cylindrical or tapered, their diameter equal-
ing that of the suckers. The right arm remains normal, with two alter-
nating rows of suckers, regularly decreasing to the tip, as in both the
dorsal arms of the female. Tentacular arms long, slender, extensible;
club distinctly enlarged, usually curled in preserved examples. The
suckers on the club are numerous, unequal, arranged in about eight close
rows ; those forming the two or three rows next the upper margin are
much larger than the rest, being three or four times as broad, and have
denticulated rims. Color, in life, pale and translucent, with scattered
chromatophores. In the alcoholic specimens the general color of body,
head, and arms is reddish, thickly spotted with rather large chromato-
I^hores, which also exist on the inner surface of the arms, between the
suckers, and to some extent on the tentacular arms and bases of the
fins; outer part of fins translucent white; anterior edge of mantle with
a white border. Length of body 25"™ to 40""". Pen small and very thin,
soft and delicate. It is angularly jjointed or pen-shaped anteriorly, the
shaft narrowing backward ; a thin, lanceolate expansion or web extends
along nearly the posterior half. Upper jaw with a strongly incurved,
sharp beak, without a notch at its base. Lower jaw with the tip of the
beak strongly incurved, and with a broad but prominent rounded lobe
on the middle of its cutting edges.
Odontophore with simple, acute-triangular, median teeth; inner lat-
erals simple, nearly of the same size and shape as the median, except at
base; outer laterals much longer, strongly curved forward.
Over 150 specimens of this interesting species were secured by the
writer and others of the dredging party on the United States Fish Cora-
mission steamer "Fish Hawk", Septeuiber 4, 18S0. It was particularly
abundant at stations 870 and 871, in about 125 to 150 fathoms, on the
rapidly sloping outer bank of the coast, under the inner edge of the
Gulf Stream. Both sexes occurred in about equal numbers, and also
the young, of various sizes. It was also taken iu considerable numbers
362 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
at Stations 8G5 to 8G7, in 65 fatlioms ; 872 to 880, in 86 to 252 fathoms.
It was also obtained by Mr. A. Agassiz, at similar depths, in the same
region, as well as farther south, earlier in the season, while dredging on.
the Coast Survey steamer "Blake".
This species was associated, at station 869, in 192 fathoms, mud, with
Octopus Bairdii and Bossia stiblevis. It can easily be distinguished from
the latter and other species of Rossia, not only by the large suckers of
the lateral arms, but still better by the inequality of the suckers on the
tentacular club. The latter character is obvious in specimens of both
sexes and of all ages.
Gonatus amcenus (Moller) Gray.
G. O. Sars, Mollnsca Regionis Arcticse Norvegiae, p. 336, pi. 31 ; pi. xvii, fig. 2
(figures excellent).
A good specimen of this species, in nearly perfect preservation, was
recently presented to the United States Fish Commission by Capt. Will-
iam Demsey and crew, of the schooner " Clara F. Friend". It was taken
from the stomach of a cod, ofi" Seal Island, Nova Scotia.
Calliteuthis Verrill.
Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 393, for Nov., 1880 (publislied. Oct. 25),
Form much as in Eistioteuthis, but without any web between the arms.
Body short, tapering to a small free tip ; fins small, united behind the
tip of the body. Siphon united to the head by two dorsal bands ; an
internal valve. Mantle connected to the sides of the siphon by lateral
elongated cartilages and corresponding grooves on the sides of the siphon.
Arms long, free; suckers in two rows, largest on the middle of the
lateral and dorsal arms. Eyes large, with oval openings. Buccal mem-
brane simple, sack-like.
Calliteuthis reversa Verrill.
Loc. cit., ]). 393.
Arms long, tai)ering, the lateral pairs equal; the dorsal and ventral
about equal, somewhat shorter than laterals ; tentacular arms slender,
compressed (the ends absent). Fins small, thin, transversely rhomboidal,
white. Color reddish brown. The ventral surface of the body, head,
and arms is more ornamented than the dorsal surface, being covered with
large, rounded verrucse, their center or anterior half pale, the border or
posterior half dark purplish brown ; uj)per surface of body with much,
fewer and smaller scattered verrucae ; a circle of the same around the
eyes ; inner surfaces of arms and buccal membranes chocolate-bi"owu.
Total length, 133'"™; to base of arms, 67'"'°; mantle, 51"""; of fin, 17'"'"j
breadth of fins, 24"""; of body, 20'""'; diameter of eye-ball, IG"^"'.
Station 894, 365 fathoms.
AUoposiis Vemll.
Anier. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 393 (puMished Oct., 1380).
Allied to Fhilonexis and Tremoctopus. Bodj^ thick and soft, smooth;
arms all (in the male only seven) united by a web extending nearly to
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 363
the ends, the length of the arms decreasing from the dorsal to the ventral
ones ; suckers sessile, simj)le, in two rows ; mantle united firmly to the
head by a broad dorsal band and by a ventral and two lateral commis-
sures, the former placed in the median line, at the ba^e of the siphon 5
free end of the siphon short, well forward. In the male the right arm
of the third pair is hectocotylized and developed in a sack in front of the
right eye; as found in the sack it is curled up and has two rows of
suckers; the groove along its edge is fringed; near the end the groove
connects with a rounded, obliquely placed, lateral, concave lobe, with
interior plications. The terminal portion of the arm is a lanceolate
thickened process, with ridges on the inner surface.
The permanent attachment of the mantle and neck, by means of com-
missures, is a very distinctive character.
Alloposus mollis YerriU.
Loc. cit., p. 394.
Body stout, ovate, very soft and flabby. Head large, as broad as the
body ; eyes large, their openings small. Arms rather stout, not very
long, webbed nearly to the ends, the dorsal 60""° longer than the ventral
arms ; suckers large, simple, in two alternating rows. Color deep pur-
plish brown, with a more or less distinctly spotted appearance. Length,
total, 160""°; of body to base of arms, 90™""; of mantle, beneath, SO""";
of dorsal arms, 70"""; breadth of body, 70'""'. Seven specimens were
taken. The sexes scarcely differ in size. Station 880, in 225 fathoms
(2 (^ , 1 9 ) ; 892, 487 fathoms; 893, 372 fathoms; 895, 238 fathoms.
Argonauta Argo Linn6.
The capture of a living specimen, probably of this species, on the coast
of New Jersey, has been recorded by Eev. Samuel Lockwood.* It was,
nevertheless, very surprising to us to find its shells, or fragments of
them, very common in nearly all our deeper dredgings, 70 to 100 miles
off the southern coast of New England. At station 894 two entire and
nearly fresh shells were taken, and another nearly complete. They be-
long to the common Mediterranean variety.
GASTEOPODA.
Bela (Leach) H. & A, Adams ; G. O. Sars, &c.
Pleurotoma (pars) Jeffreys and many earlier authors.
The species of this genus are numerous on our coast, but their identi-
fication is difficult, owing to the very poor and insufficient descriptions
of many European writers.! Moller's Greenland species, especially, are
*Amer. Naturalist, xi, p. 243, 1877.
t In Binney's edition of Gould's Invert, of Mass. there are included seven northern
species of Bela. Of these the figures are mostly inadequate, and some are entirely
erroneous. Fig. 620, given for B. iurricula; Fig. 621, intended for B. harpularia ; and
Fig. 624, for B. cancellata, do not really represent those species. Fig. 620 represents
B. harpularia better than *'B. turricula", for which it was intended.
364 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
badly described. The pubbcatiou of the excellent work of G. O. Sars
has at lenj>th rendered it possible to identify many species, hitherto
doubtful, with his Norwegian forms, though there may still be doubt as
to the proi)er ajjplicatiou of the names given by earlier writers, and
even as to the actual si)ecific distinctness of all the forms that he has
described. The sexual variations he has not taken into account. Dur-
ing numerous dredging expeditions made in the past twenty years, the
writer has obtained a large series of specimens of Bcla, which he has
reserved for a more complete revision hereafter; but some of the more
consi^icuous forms not yet recorded from New England, and in part not
known as American species, are here mentioned. Figures of all these
and others have been engraved for a more detailed paper and will, it is
hoped, soon be published.
Bela Pingelii (Moller, 1842) H. & A. Adams, i, p. 92, 1858.
G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv., p. 2JS, pi. 16, fig. 5, 1878.
This very distinct species has been repeatedly dredged by me at East-
port, Me., and by the United States Fish Commission parties in Casco
Bay, Massachusetts Bay, on George's Bank, and off Nova Scotia. It
has not unfrequentty been confounded by autiiors with B. cancellata. It
is our most slender and elongated species, with evenly rounded whorls,
strongly cancellated, over the whole surface, by numerous slender, longi-
tudinal ribs and revolving raised lines or cinguli, which are about
equally prominent, and form small, round nodules where they cross the
ribs.
Bela Sarsil Verrill, sp. nov.
Bela cancellata G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 224, pi. 23, fig. 31 ; pi. viii, fig. 9 (uot
of Couthouy).
This name is proposed for the species described and figured by G. O.
Sars as B. cancellata. The same species was formerly collected by Dr.
A. S. Packard at Labrador, and sent to us by him under the name of
B. cxarata. It is a small, strongly sculptured species, with obtuse,
angular-shouldered whorls, and is especially distinguished by its few
broad and strong ribs, crossed by rather distant revolving lines, giving
it a coarsely cancellated surface.
Bela cancellata (Migliels) Stimpson, Check List.
Fusus caiwellatus Mighels, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 50, 1841; Boston
Joiirn. Nat. Hist,, iv, p. 52, pi. 4, fig. 18, Jan., 1842.
Bela cancellata Gould, Invert. Mass., ed. ii, p. 355, description (not tfie figure,
624).
The true Bela cancellata (Mighels) is a common shell on the New En-
gland coast, in 20 to 00 fathoms. It is an elongated species, with long,
acute spire, and with the whorls moderately and obtusely shouldered at
some distance below the suture, the flattened portion above the shoulder
being destitute of revolving lines, but crossed by the numerous oblique
ribs, which are strongly bent at the shoulder and take a sigmoid form.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 365
Below the sboulder the einguli are numerous and prominent, crossing
tlie prominent narrow ribs so as to produce a distinct, but not coarse,
cancellation. It most resembles the figures of B. elegans and B. angu-
lom of Sars. It is perhaps the original B. decUvis (Loven), but does not
agree with Sars's figure.
Bela tenuicostata M. Sars.
G. O. Sars. op. cit., p. 237, pi. 17, figs. I a, h; pi. ix, fig. 6 (dentition).
Specimens appareutlj^ identical with this species were dredged by me,
in moderate depths, at Eastport, Me., in 1864, 1808, and 1870. It was
also taken this season at stations 893 and 894, in 365 to 372 fathoms. It
is closely related to B. dccussata Couth., but has smaller and more numer-
ous ribs, and is, therefore, more finely cancellated. It may be only a
variety of B. decussata. The latter is easily distinguished from all our
other species by its oval form, rounded, scarcely shouldered whorls,
crossed by very numerous small, narrow, flexuous, sigmoid ribs, which
are strongly bent backward near the suture, in conformity with the very
distinct, rounded sinus of the lip. The whole surface, except close to
the deep suture, is covered with numerous rather fine, close, raised,
revolving einguli, giving the surface a rather finely and regularly can-
cellated structure.
Bcla Trevelyana (Tnrton) H. & A. Adams.
This has been recorded by Jeffreys from the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
He formerly united B. decussata with it, but has subsequently (in Mol-
lusca of Valorous Expedition) distinguished them. I have myself seen
no American shells agreeing clearly with English specimens of B.
Trevelyana. The latter resembles B. decussata in form and size, but has
the ribs nearly straight and the cancellation coarser than in our shell.
Bela impressa ? (Beck) Morch, Catal. Moll. Spitzberg, p. 17, 1869.
Fleurotoma imjircssa Leche, Kongl. Sveuska Vet.-Akad. Handl., Bd. 16, p. 54,
pi. 1, fig. IG, 1873 (author's separate copy).
I refer doubtfully to this species a small but very distinct shell
frequently dredged by us, in 10 to 70 fathoms, all along the coast, trom
oft' Cape Cod to N^ova Scotia. It was also dredged this season at sta-
tions 812 to 815, in 27 fathoms, off Block Island.
The shell is greenish white, short-oval, with about five whorls, which
are distinctly flattened and angularly shouldered near the deep suture.
There are on the last whorl about twenty rather broad, flat ribs, which
are a little prominent and usually slightly nodose at the shoulder, but
they disappear a short distance below. The most characteristic feature
is that the surface is marked by rather fine, but regular and distinct,
revolving grooves or sulcij which are rather distant, with flat intervals.
Of these there are usually about three or four on the penultimate whorl,
and about twenty on the last, the greater number being below the mid-
dle, on the siiihon, where they become closer; one of the sulci, just below
366 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
the shoulder, is more distinct, and crosses the ribs so as to give their
upper ends a subnodnlous appearance; below this there is usually a
rather wide, smooth zone; no revolving lines above the shoulder. Aper-
ture about half the length of the shell, rather wide, angular; canal
short. There is a very distinct, moderately deep, posterior sini s; the
middle of the outer lip projects forward strongly. Ordinary specimens
are about G.5'"" long; 3.5""" broad; aperture, .3"™ long.
Our shell is not so stout as that represented in the figure of Leche,
but it agrees very well in other resi)ects.
Bela exarata (Moller) H. & A. Ad., Genera, i, p. 92, 1858.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 232, pi. 16, fig. 18; pi. ix, figs. 1 a,l) (dentition, «Xsc.). —
Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 43, fig. 15.
A regularly cancellated species of Bela, agreeing with Greenland
specimens sent under this name from the University Museum of Copen-
hagen, is not uncommon, ranging from off Massachusetts Bay to the
Bay of Fundy and Kova Scotia. It does not agree perfectly, however,
with G. O. Sars's figure of the shell, but its dentition agrees well with
his figure and seems to be characteristic. The color of the shell is
usually pale greenish or greenish white ; texture thin ; size medium ;
whorls turreted, flattened, angularly shouldered close to the suture, with
the angle of the shoulder rather sharply nodose. Ribs numerous, regu-
lar, nearly straight, narrow but rounded, separated by concave inter-
vals of equal or greater width. Whole surface covered with regular
and rather strong, elevated, revolving cinguli, which cross the ribs and
produce on them small, rounded nodes, and give a very regularly and
strongly cancellated appearance to the whole surftice. On the penulti-
mate whorl there are about four cinguli below the angle. The flattened
space above the shoulder is crossed by the ribs and covered with
numerous fine revolving lines. Length, 10"'™; breadth, 4.5™™; length of
aperture, 5.5 ''™. A more elongated form, similar to the above, but with
the angle of the whorls still more sharply nodose, also frequently occurs.
This I have supposed to be the male of the same species, but it agrees
closely with Sars's figure of Bela mitrula (Loven). The dentition of
B. exarata closely resembles that of the latter, as figured by Sars. The
teeth are unusuallj^ long and large for the size of the shell, rather slen-
der, somewhat curved, acute, with one side excavated to near the tip ;
basal part short, a little thickened, notched deeply on one side, obtuse.
Living specimens were also dredged this year at stations 880, 892, and
894, in 252 to 487 fathoms.
Bela rugulata (Moller) H. & A. Ad., Genera,!, p. 92, 1858.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 230, pi. 23, fig. 6; pi. viii, figs. 13 a-c (dentition).
This is one of the several species that have commonly been confounded
under the name of ^' Bela turricula^\
Our shell agrees well with the figures and description given by G. O.
Sars, both as to its external characters and dentition. The sculx)ture
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 367
is rather coarse, the ribs being strong-, with wider and concave intervals;
the whorls are strongly angularly shouldered, each of the ribs ending in
a distinct nodule, formed by the first spiral groove below the shoulder,
which is stronger than the rest; the flattened subsutural area is nearly
or quite destitute of spiral lines, but is crossed by slight flexuous exten-
sions of the ribs ; the whole surface below the shoulder is covered with
strong spiral lines, between the ribs. On the upper whorls a few of the
revolving lines arc stronger than the rest, forming with the ribs a
coarsely cancellated structure.
The dentition is very characteristic, and entirely different from B,
exarata, B. harpularia, and other allied forms. The uncini are broad,
flat, lanceolate, with a sharp, slightly barbed tip, and with a broad
bilobed base.
This species has frequently been dredged by us in Massachusetts Bay,
Bay of Fund}-, «&c., in 5 to 50 fathoms.
Bela simplex (Middend.).
G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 239, pi. 17, fig. 4 ; pi. 23, fig. 11 ; pi. ix,
fig. 9 (deatitiou).
Bela Icevigata Dall (teste G. O. Sars).
One dead, but fresh, small specimen, from station 894. The whorls
are very convex and evenly rounded, nearly smooth, but covered with
fine and close spiral lines, crossed by still finer lines of growth ; sub-
sutural zone smo(jth. The apex of the spire is acute. The three apical
whorls are chestnut-brown ; their surface is finely decussated by equal
lines running in oi)posite directions.
Bela hebes Verrill, sp. nov.
Shell short-fusiform or subov^ate, with a short, blunt spire and five
well-rounded, slightly turreted whorls: suture impressed. Sculpture
numerous small, regular, raised, spiral ridges, with wider interspaces,
those just below the suture stronger and more distant; lines of growth
fa,int. Aperture narrow-ovate. Outer lip expanded below the suture,
then regularly rounded, thin ; the i^osterior sinus is broad and shallow ;
canal short and broad, straight; columella regularly incurved. Epi-
dermis thin, greenish white. Length, 8'"™; breadth, 5"""; length of aper-
ture, 5"""; its breadth, 1.80'""'; length of body-whorl, front side, 6.35'""".
Stations 891 and 892, in 500 and 487 fathoms ; four specimens.
Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) Agassizii Verrill &. Smitli.
Amer. Jouni. Sei., xx, p. 394, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25).
This large and elegantly sculptured species occurred sparingly, living,
in many of the off-shore localities (SCO, 871, 874, 877, 880), in 05 to 252
fathoms, but it was taken in larger numbers at stations 891 to 895, in
238 to 500 fathoms. The two nuclear whorls are very small, chestnut-
brown, scarcely carinated, rounded, with the surface finely cancellated
by lines running obliquely, in two directions, but close to the suture
only the transverse lines appear.
368 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Pleurotoma (Pleurotomella) Pandionis Vorrill, sp. nov.
Shell large, thick, (lull brownish yellow, with a very acute, elevated
spire; whorls nine, very oblique, moderately convex, concave below
the suture; whole surface covered with close lines of growtli, which
recede in a broad curv^e on the subsutural band ; numerous tine, unequal,
raised, spiral lines cover the whole surface, except the subsutural band.
The upper whorls are also crossed by sixteen to eighteen blunt, trans-
verse ribs, about as broad as their interspaces, most elevated on the
middle of the whorls, fading out above and below. Aperture elongated,
narrow; sinus broad and well marked, just below the suture; canal
short, nearly straight. Operculum absent. Length, 43™'"; breadth,
14.5"""; length of aijerture, 19'"""; its breadtb, 5.5'"™.
A large specimen was taken alive at station 895, in 238 fathoms.
Pleurotoma Carpenter! Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 395 (published Oct., 1880),
Only a few specimens were taken, stations 871 to 873, in 86 to 315
fathoms.
This species very likely belongs to Mangelia, but I have had for exam-
ination no specimens with the animal.
Taranis Morchii ? CMalrn) Jeffreys, Annals and Mag., v, 1870.
G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 220, pi. 17, fig. 8.
Two good examples of a prettily sculptured shell, which I refer doubt-
fully to this species, were taken at station 894, in 305 fathoms, off New-
port, E. I. They do not agree fully with Sard's figure and description.
Whorls six, the lower ones sharply angnlated and carinated. There
are five revolving, nodulous carin^e on the body-whorl, one close to the
suture ; the second and most prominent surrounds the periphery ; the
other three are on the anterior half; some faint additional ones appear
on the canal ; the three preceding whorls have the subsutural and the
sharp central carina, and usually the third carina is more or less ex-
posed at the suture. Between the first and second carinse the surface is
flat or slightly concave. The whorls are crossed by numerous thin,
delicate, flexuous, regularly spaced, raised ribs, which are conspicuous
betweeu the carince, and i)roduce sharp nodules where they cross them.
The nucleus is small, rounded, light chestnut-brown, minutely cancel-
lated with microscopic lines running in two directions. Sinus of the lip
shallow, rounded. Length, 4'"™; breadth, 2'"'".
The principal difference between our specimens and the form figured
by Sars is that in the latter there are more cariute, two of which sur-
round the periphery, instead of one.
Taranis pulchella Verrill, sp. nov.
A smaller and more slender species than the preceding, with a more
acute spire, and with the carinae sharp, but not nodulous. Whorls
seven, angular, the lower ones carinated and shouldered. Body- whorl
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3G9
with six revolving carinoe, besides oue or two on the canal; one is just
below the suture; the three largest surround the periphery, the median
one most prominent. Between the subsutural and second cariuae the
surface is concave and crossed by numerous elevated, thin, curved rib-
lets, corresponding to the labial sinus ; similar but less prominent and
less curved riblets cross the interspaces between the other carince, but
do not cross the carince themselves. Penultimate whorl with the sub-
sutural and two peripheral carinse. Preceding whorls without distinct
carinse, except the subsutural one, but with the curved, transverse, raised
riblets well developed. Nuclear whorls very small (surface eroded).
Aperture narrow, angular ; canal short, slightly turned to the left ; outer
lip with a disthict, evenly rounded sinus below the subsutural carina.
Columella slightly incurved and flattened. Length, 2.20'"'"; breadth,
9Qmm. length of body-whorl, 1.40™""; of aperture, .9.5'""'.
Station 892, in 487 fathoms ; one specimen.
Marginella roscida (?) Raveucl.
A single dead specimen, closely resembling this species, was taken at
station 865, in G5 fathoms.
Tritonofusus latericeus (Moll.) Morcli.
Sipko latericeus G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 276, pi. 15, fig. 8; pi. x,
fig. 24 (dentition).
Several specimens, apparently of this species, were taken at stations
804 and 895, in 238 to 365 fathoms, off Newport. It had previously been
dredged in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Dr. J. W. Dawson.
Our shell is long-fusiform, with an elevated, acute spire; whorls
eight, moderately convex, crossed by strong, prominent, rounded ribs
(about eighteen on the last whorl), separated by concave interstices,
wider than the ribs ; whole surface covered with fine and regular spiral
grooves, defining raised spiral lines of about double their width ; these
lines cross the ribs as well as their interspaces. Nuclear whorl small,
a little eccentric and incurved. Aperture long-ovate, narrow. Canal
somewhat elongated, nearly straight, narrow; the outer lip is con-
tracted or incurved at its base. Length, 20™'"; breadth, 8'"'"; length of
aperture, 10"'"'; its breadth, 3™™.
Neptunea (Sipho) caelata Verrill, sp. uov.
Shell resembling the last, small, subfusiform, with an elevated spire,
which is less acute than in the preceding, while the aperture is shorter
and the canal is shorter and more recurved than in that species. Whorls
six, moderately convex, with impressed sutures, the upper whorls de-
creasing more rapidly. Nuclear whorls very small, regular, smooth, not
distinctly incurved. Sculpture broad, rather prominent, rounded ribs,
with wider concave interspaces, and over the whole surface numerous
small, narrow, unequal, raised spiral lines, separated by wider grooves
The whole surface is also covered with very fine and regular raised lines
of growth, which cross and roughen the spiral raised lines, and are more
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 24 ©ec. 21, 1880.
370 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
conspicuous in the grooves, producing a fine decussated structure. On
the last wliorl are fourteen to sixteen of the transverse ribs or folds ;
these become obsolete just below the periphery, so that on the base
there are only spiral lines and lines of growth. Aperture narrow-ovate.
Outer lip evt^nly rounded in the middle, but contracted at the base of
the canal- which is short, rather narrow, and distinctly recurved. Col-
umella decidedly curved. Epidermis thin, yellowish white, closely ad-
herent, with distinct lines of growth. Length, 14.5™^; breadth, 7™";
length of aperture, with canal, 7""'"; its breadth, S™'"; length of body-
whorl, front side, 10'"". Stations 891 to 895, 238 to 500 fathoms, with
the preceding ; several specimens, living.
Neptunsa (Sipho) arata Verrill, sp. nov.
Stations 8G9 to 880, 893 to 895 ; common. Nearly all our deep-water
specimens related to N. Stimpsoni Morch {= Fusus Islandicus Gould)
differ widely from the common shallow- water form, in having the whole
surface much more strongly sulcated by broader, deeper,' and less
numerous spiral grooves. On the upper whorls there are seven or eight
of these broad grooves, separating flattened spiral ridges of about the
same width ; on the last whorls the ridges become broader, and each of
them is divided at summit by a smaller secondary groove. The canal is
rather long, slightly recurved. Columella twisted, but not much bent.
Epidermis not pilose, yellowish brown, often in raised lines along the
lines of growth. Color within aperture bluish white, the columella and
canal tinged with flesh-color or pale salmon. Length, SO"'"; breadtli,
30"""; length of aperture, with canal, 45'"'"; its breadth, 14""^.
The typical, nearly smooth variety of JV. Stimpnoni Morch is perhaps
the same as N. //te&ra Yerkruzen, sp. (= Siplio glaher G. O. Sars).
Neptunea (Sipho) propinqua (Alder).
Fusus projiiuquus Alder, Catal. Moll. North. &Durh. ; Jeffreys, British Couch.,
iv, p. 338 ; v, pi. 83, fig. 3.
Neptunea propinqua Verrill, Amer. JoTirn. Sci., xvi, p. 210, 1878.
. This shell was first taken by us, in 1877, off* Cape Sable, and off Hali-
fax, Nova Scotia, in 88 to 100 fathoms, where it was common. This
season it occurred in abundance, living, and of good size, in most of our
outer dredgings, being the most common species of this family, except
N. pygmcea. It occurred at all the stations from 8G5 to 874, 87G to 880,
893 to 895, ranging in depth from G5 to 487 fathoms. It w^as most
abundant at 8G9 to 871, 894 and 895, in 115 to 3G5 fathoms.
Although it does not agree perfectly with the European specimens of
IS! . propinqua that I have had for comparison, I have recorded it under
this name, largely in deference to the opinion of Mr. W. H. Dall, who
has made a special study of this group, and who has had some of our
specimens for comi)arison.
Tnis shell is somewhat stouter and more veutricose than the ordinary
forms of N. ^timpsoni and N. arata, from which it differs, also, in having
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 371
an olive-colored, ciliated epidermis ; the canal is sliorter and more
cnrved and twisted ; the suture is slightly channeled, and the aperture
is broader than in either of these species. The sculpture consists of
regular, narrow, spiral grooves. The aperture is white.
Buccinuni cyaneum Brug. ; Stimpson.
Buccimim GronJandieum G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 259, pi. 25, fig. 1 ; pi. x, fig. 11 f ,
6 (non Stimpson).
This species was dredged in the summer of 1879, by the " Speedwell",
off Cape Cod, in 90 fathoms. It was dredged by us in 1877, off Cape
Sable, Nova Scotia, in 80 to 90 fathoms, compact sand, and off Halifax,
in 100 fathoms, and has often been brought in from the banks off ISTova
Scotia by the Gloucester fishermen, but it was not previously actually
known from the New England coast.
ITassa nigrolabra Verrill, sp. nov.
Shell minute, long-ovate, nearly smooth, pale olive, with the edges of
the lips blackish. Whorls five, slightly rounded, with shallow sutures ;
spire elevated, not very acute. Surface covered with close, regular,
microscopic lines of growth, and with less distinct revolving lines ; canal
with a few minute, distinct, spiral grooves. Aperture short-ovate; canal
wide and very short; outer lip rounded, with edge flaring, thickened
and revolute, with a row of minute nodules on the inside ; inner lip con-
sisting of a broad, smooth, glossy, brownish-black deposit of enamel on
the body-whorl and columella ; columella nearly straight ; no umbilicus.
Length, 2.85"""; breadth, 1.40"™; length of aperture, 1.20"^"^.
Station 870, in 155 fathoms; one specimen. It is referred to ^as.sa-
only provisionally. The animal is not known.
Lunatia nana (Moller).
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 159, pi. 21, figs. 16 a, h; pi. v, fig. 14 (dentition). — Ver-
rill, Proc. Nat. Mus., ii, p. 197, 1879.
In addition to the localities oft" Cape Cod and on Le Have Bank, pre-
viously cited by me, this species has been taken at other localities on
our coast. It was taken by Prof. S. I. Smith and myself at Eastport,
in 1864; by Prof. H. E. Webster at Seal Cove, Grand Menan, in 1872;
by Mr. J. F. Whiteaves in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence ; and by our party
in 1880, twenty miles south of Block Island, in 28 fathoms.
Lunatia levicula Verrill, sp. nov.
Shell light, thin, and rather delicate, broad-ovate; spire .moderately
elevated, subacute. Whorls five, evenly rounded; suture distinct.
Aperture ovate, well rounded below. Outer lip short, sinuous along
the edge, the upper portion considerably advancing where it joins the
body-whorl. Inner lip iiartially reflexed over a rather small, deep
umbilicus, but not thickened, and forming a mere film on the body- whorl,
above the umbilicus. Surface covered with distinct and rather coarse,
sinuous lines of growth, parallel with the edge of the lip, and, lilce it,
advancing as they approach the suture. Color (of a dead but fresh
372 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
shell) pale brownish yellow ; the spire, when worn, and the interior, yel-
lowish brown. Other specimens are white or yellowish white. Length,
32mm. x^readth, 25"""; length of aperture, 27"""; its breadth, 15™™.
This shell was first dredged by me near Eastport, Me., in 1870. It
has since been dredged by the United States Fish Commission parties
in Casco Bay, Me., and also off Block Island, stations 812 to 814, in 26 to
28 fathoms. It is still a very rare species. It has some resemblance to
Acryhia fiava, on account of the lightness and thinness of the shell, as
well as in form, but the shape of the aperture is different, and there is
a distinct umbilicus. The columella is also much less incurved.
Lamellaria pellucida Verrill.
Amer. Journ, Sci., xx, p. 395, for Nov. (published Oct. 25, 1880).
Animal broad-elliptical, well rounded, both anteriorly and posteriorly ;
back convex or somewhat swollen, smooth, without tubercles ; branchial
sinus, in anterior edge of mantle, shallow but distinct ; tentacles slen-
der, tapered ; eyes small, black, on the outer basal portion of the tenta-
cles ; foot oblong, well developed, reaching nearly to the posterior end
of the mantle when extended. Color of the mantle yellowish brown,
blotched irregularly with dark brown; some specimens were paler,
others darker brown.
Odontophore long and narrow, with three rows of teeth ; central
tooth much smaller than the lateral, its basal part oblong, with nearly
parallel sides and squarely truncate at the end ; tip acute-triangular,
strongly curved forward, with a prominent, sharp, median denticle, and
a row of four or five much smaller denticles on each side. Lateral teeth
very large, strongly incurved, and hollowed out on the concave surface,
with both edges serrate; the inner edge has the serrations coarser, not
reaching the tip, which is smooth, stout, acute. The basal portion of
the lateral teeth is furnished with a broad, sinuous, aliform lobe on the
outer edge ; the basal end is slightly exi)anded and obtusely round or
subtruncate.
The most important difference between the dentition of this species
and that of L. perspicua and L. latens (Miill.) is in the form of the basal
portion of the median teeth ; in both the European species this is
divided into two divergent lobes, separated by a deep notch.
Shell ovate, with a well-formed spire, very thin and delicate, smooth,
lustrous, and transparent. Aperture broad-ovate, much larger than the
body of the shell, but not so large and open as in L. latens. The in-
terior of the spire cannot be seen in a ventral view, but is visible in an
end view from the front. The spire is oblique, somewhat elevated, and
slightly pointed, with a minute nucleus. Whorls three, well rounded;
sutures impressed. Outer lip very thin, sloping or somewhat flattened
posteriorly, somewhat expanded and well rounded anteriorly; inner lip
receding in a deep, regular incurvature of the body- whorl, which has a
sharp, thin edge that winds spirally into the interior of the spire. Sculp-
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 373
ture none, except indistinct lines of growth ; surface smooth and shin-
ing throughout.
Length of the animal in life about 15""" to 20"""' ; length of shell, 12.5"";
breadth, lO"".
Stations 870 to 872, south of Martha's Vineyard, in 86 to 155 fathoms,
fine sand (16 specimens, living).
The shell of this species, in form, closely resembles that of the Eu-
ropean L. perspicua (not of Gould), but the dilferences in the mantle and
dentition will clearly separate it. Specimens of both sexes occurred, and
they had the same form and color externally.
The ^^Lamellariaperspicua^^ of Gould was based, in part at least, upon
Marsenina glabra. A species of Lamellaria occurs at Eastport, Me.,
which may be distinct from the preceding.
Marsenina prodita (Loven) Bergli.
G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 151, pi. 12, figs. 5 a-c ; pi. v, figs. 7 a,h
(dentition). — Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, figs. 2, 2 a.
This species was taken, living, at Eastport, Me., by Prof. S. I. Smith
and myself, in 1864 and 1868. It is easily recognized by its compara-
tively prominent, acute spire, turned to one side, by its obliquely elon-
gated aperture, and by the margin of the outer lip being slightly inflexed
near the suture. It has not been previously recorded from the American
coast, south of Greenland.
Marsenina glabra Verrill.
Oxinoe gldln-a Couthouy, Boston Jonrn. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 90, pi. 3, fig. 16, 1838.
Lamellaria perspicua (pars) Gould, Binney's ed., p. 337, fig. 607 (?).
Marsenina micromphala Bergb. — G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 151, pi. 21, figs. 10 a-d. —
Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, figs. 1, la.
This species is not uncommon at Eastport, Me., where I collected it in
1859, 1861, 1863, 1864, 1868, 1870, and 1872. It was dredged last year
by our party, on the " Speedwell", off Cape Cod, in 34 fathoms. It has a
much smaller and less prominent spire than the i^recediug, and a more
regularly oblong-oval ai^erture. The shell is smooth, white, thin, and
delicate in both species, but more translucent in the present one.
There can be no doubt, from the description and figure, that the Oxinoe
glabra of Couthouy was a Marsenina indistinguishable from this species,
which is the commonest of the group on our coast. The 21. microm-
phala, well described and figured by Sars, appears to agree perfectly
with our form, both in the animal and shell.
Gould appears to have confounded two or more species under his L.
perspicua. His figure (158) in the first edition does not represent this
species ; the figure 607 of Binney's edition is different, and may be this
shell. As a genuine Lamellaria, having its shell entirely inclosed in the
mantle, also occurs on our coast, not rarely at Eastport, Me., it is not
improbable that Gould may have had its shell among those examined
by him. Its identity with L. perspicua of Europe is very doubtful,
however.
374 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Marsenina ampla Verrill, sp. nov.
Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, figs. 3, 3a.
Shell broad-oval, white, nearly opaque, fragile, with conspicuous lines
of growth, but otherwise smooth ; whorls scarcely two ; last whorl very
large, constituting nearly the entire shell, and nearly concealing the first
whorl, which appears only as a minute incurved nucleus, situated in an
apical depression. Ajjerture broad, oblong-oval, showing the interior
of the spire to the apex. Outer lip thin, distinctly expanded and slightly
shouldered near the suture, somewhat straight along the right and left
sides, regularl}^ rounded in front, slightly excurved where it joins the
inner lip, which consists of a narrow and thin coating, conformable to
the columella surface, but with a distinct, narrow groove, and with the
edge slightly raised as a narrow lamina in the umbilical region. The
columella-edge is sigmoid and very much incurved in the umbilical
region.
Length, 11""" ; breadth, 8™™ ; depth of last whorl, 5""".
Eastport, Me. Dredged in 1868, by the writer.
Velutella cryptospira (Middenrt.).
G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 149, pi. 21, figs 9 «-c.
A good living example of this shell was taken by us in 1877, off Hali-
fax, Nova Scotia, in 57 fathoms (station 82).
The shell is very thin, translucent, yellowish horn-color, flexible, and
but slightly calcified, with no sculpture except fine lines of growth.
The spire is small, incurved, and depressed, so that the apical whorl is
not visible in a front view. The aperture is elongated. The outer lip
expands rather abruptly posteriorly, and is prolonged anteriorly.
Length, 8"""; breadth, 5"""^ length of aperture, 6.5""".
Trichotropis conica Moller.
Kioyer's Tidss., iv, p. 85, 1842.— G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 163, pi. 13, fig. 3.
A single dead, but large and characteristic, specimen of this very dis-
tinct species was taken in the Gulf of Maine, off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia,
in 75 fathoms, by the United States Fish Commission party, on the
" Speedwell ", in 1877. It is easily recognized by its conical spire and its
flattened base, covered with revolving grooves and ridges. The revolv-
ing ribs on the spire are stronger than those on the base, and unequal.
Rissoa (Cingula) harpa Verrill, sp. nov.
Shell small, white, translucent, acute-conical, with five very convex,
rounded whorls and deeply impressed sutures ; body-whorl large ; api-
cal whorl very small, smooth, regular. Sculpture very regular, well-
raised, roundeil, transverse ribs, about twenty-six on the last whorl, sep-
arated by spaces rather wider than the ribs ; and fine, close, microscopic
spiral lines, which cover the interspaces. Aperture nearly circular,
slightly effuse in front. Outer lip thin, regularly rounded; inner lip
refl(5xed in the umbilical region, and continued on the body- whorl only
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 375
as a thiu layer of enamel. Umbilicus a small but distinct cliink.
Length, 2.75'"™; breadth, 1.80""". Animal unknown.
Dredged by us off Massachusetts Baj- , 1877, station 34, in 160 fathoms ;
and off Newport, at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and 305 fathoms.
Cingula turgida (Jeff.) Verrill.
lUssoa turgida Jeffreys. — G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv., p. 183, i)1.10, figs.
12 a, h.
A very small, white species, with smooth, rounded whorls and distinct
umbilicus. Station 892, in 487 fathoms.
Cingula Jan-Mayeni (Friele) Vewill.
Eissoa Jan-Mayeni Friele, Nyt. Mag. Naturv., 1877 (auth. cop., p. 4, fig. 4).
Cingula Jan-Mayeni Verrill, Amer. Joum. Sci., xvii, p. 311, Aj)r., 1879.
This species was common at stations 891 to 894, in 238 to 500 fathoms.
A single specimen occurred at station 880. It was originally from off
Greenland, 70 to 300 fathoms. Whiteaves has dredged it in the Gulf of
Saint Lawrence, 200 fathoms, but it had not hitherto been taken on the
i^ew England coast.
Lepetella Verrill.
Amer. .Toum. Sci., xx, p. 396, Nov., 18H0.
Shell small, smooth, oval or oblong, limpet-shaped, conical, with a
simple subcentral ajjex, not spiral. Animal much as in Lepeta, but with
distinct eyes. Odontophore tsenioglossate, with seven regular rows of
teeth ; median tooth a rather broad, thin plate, with incurved, smooth,
convex edge, narrower than the base ; inner lateral tooth stout, with a
broad base and a single incurved, terminal denticle; second lateral
tooth larger, with a broader flat base and two terminal incurved denti-
cles ; outer laterals smaller, flattened, subtriangular plates.
Lepetella tubicola Verrill & Smith.
Loc. cit., p. 396, 1880.
Shell thin, white, smooth, conical, with the apex acute and nearly
central; aperture broad- elliptical, oblong, or subcircular, usually more
or less warped, owing to its habitat ; edge thin and simjile. Sculpture
none, lines of growth slight, outer surface dull white ; inner surface
smooth, with the pallial markings faint. Length of largest specimens,
3.75'"™; breadth, 3"^'"; height, 2'"™. On inside of old tubes of Hyalinoecia
artifex V. ; tweniy-seven were taken from one tube. Stations 869, 192
fathoms, and 894, 365 fathoms.
Lovenella "Wliiteavesii Verrill, loc. cit., p. 396, 1880.
CerUldopsis cosUdatus Whiteaves {non Moller).
A small and elegant species, allied to L. metula (Loven). Elongated,
subulate; spire regularly tapering to the acute apex; whorls nine,
slightly convex, witli a prominent, nodulous, revolving carina below the
middle, and a smaller one just below the suture; on the body-whorl
another less elevated and scarcely nodose carina revolves in line with
376 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
the edge of the lip ; below this the base is smooth. Whorls crossed by
numerous transverse, curved, elevated, rounded costse, which are about
as wide as their intervals, and in crossing the two upjier cingulse form
small rounded nodes at their intersections. Aperture broad ; columella
much incurved above 5 canal distinctly excurved and twisted; outer lip
with three angles corresponding with the three carinae. Length, 4.5™™ ;
breadth, 1.5""". The largest specimen measures, in length, 6.25"""; in
breadth, 2"-. Stations 891, 892, and 894, in 365 to 500 fathoms ; Gulf
of Saint Lawrence, 200 fathoms, J. F. Whiteaves.
Truncatella truncatula (Drap.).
Jeffrey's British Conch., iv, p. 85, pi. iv, fig. 1. — Verrill, Amer. Jouru. Sci.,
XX, p. 250, Sept., 1880.
This species was found by the writer, living in considerable numbers,
and of all ages, among the docks at Newport, E. L, July, 1880. It
occurred among decaying sea-weeds thrown up at high-water mark,
both among the vegetable matter and on the under sides of stones. It
was associated with Alexia myosotis, Assiminea Grayana, Anurida mari-
tima, Orcliestia agilis, &c.
It may possibly have been introduced in recent times by commerce,
like the Littorina Uttorea, now so common on our shores; but if so, it
has, like the latter, become thoroughly u aturalized. This is the first time
that it has been observed on our coast, so far as known to me.
Solarium boreale Verrill & Smith, sj). uov.
A small, pretty, pale yellowish brown species, with a strong carina-like,
rounded, nodulous rib around the periphery. Height, 2.5'"" ; breadth,
Ftmm
Two living specimens from station 871, 115 fathoms. The spire is low
and flattened ; nuclear whorl smooth, obliquely incurved, reddish ; body-
whorl strongly keeled, triangular ; above the keel, flattened, and near it,
are about six small spiral ribs, separated by impressed lines ; upper sur-
face of whorls also crossed by numerous flexuous, transverse, low ribs,
with shorter ones interpolated toward the periphery. Base a little con-
vex, about as much so as the spire ; toward the periphery covered with
numerous fine spiral lines; also covered with many low ribs radiating
from the umbilicus, around which they are nodulous. Aperture trian-
gular, with a notch corresponding to the keel.
Scalaiia Pourtalesii Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 395, Nov., 1880.
Three fine specimens, one of them living, from stations 871, 873, and
874, in 85 to 115 fathoms.
Scalaria, sp.
An undetermined Scalaria, having the sculpture much as in S. Gran-
landica, but more slender in form, was taken at station 873. The spiral
lines are very distinct between the ribs, and also extend over them.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 377
Scalai'ia Dalliana Verrill & Smitli.
Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 395, Nov., 18S0.
Several specimens, living, from stations 8G9, 870, 871, and 874, in 65
to 155 fathoms.
Acirsa gracilis Verrill, sp. nov.
Shell white, with a long, slender, regularly tapered, rather acute
spire and deeply impressed sutures. Whorls eight, evenly rounded, all
except the last crossed by slightly raised but distinct rounded ribs,
separated by wider interspaces; the ribs are most elevated just below
the sutures and on the upper whorls. Lower whorls with numerous
(eight or more) fine, slightly impressed spiral lines, producing narrow
spiral cinguli, of which the lowest on the last whorl is strongest and bor-
ders the base of the shell, which is convex and smooth. The spiral
lines are absent near the sutures. Mouth round-ovate, slightly effuse in
front. Inner lip slightly reflected. j!^o umbilicus.
Stations 873 and 891, in 100 to 305 fathoms.
This species is much more slender than Acirsa costulata Migh., sp., 1841
{=A. borcalis and A. Uschrichtii of authors), and its ribs are more reg-
ular and distinct. A. pra'lonrja Jeffreys has much finer sculpture.
Aclis "Walleri Jeffreys.
G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Ai'ct. Norv., p. 19G, pi. 11, fig. 18.
Three living specimens were taken at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and
365 fathoms.
Aclis striata Verrill, sp. iiov.
Shell small, white, somewhat lustrous, fragile, with moderately ele-
vated spire ; Avhorls six, well rounded, with deep sutures, the last one
ventricose. Sculpture numerous fine, close, sj^iral grooves, covering the
whole surface. Aperture simple, ovate. Outer lij) thin, with a wide
and rather deep sinus below the suture, but i^rojectuig strongly forward
in the middle, where it is regularly rounded, then recedes somewhat
anteriorly, joining the inner lip in an even curve. Inner lip discontinu-
ous, slightly concave and reflected in the umbilical region, where it joins
the body-whorl. Umbilicus narrow, but deep. Nuclear whorl small,
regular, smooth. Length, 4""'"; breadth, 2™".
One specimen was dredged by me in the Bay of Fundy, near East-
port, Me., in 1808; another was dredged in deep water off Newport, E.
L, this season, by the United States Fish Commission.
This species is i^rovisionally referred to Aclis because of its general
resemblance to known species of that genus. Both my specimens were
dead, and I have, therefore, no means of knowing the structure of the
animal. Its regular apical whorl shows that it is not an Odostomia.
The marked sinus of the outer lip and the distinct umbilicus are features
not found in any other shell of our coast of similar size and appearance.
Dead and broken specimens might be taken for bleached Gingula aculeus,
378 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
but the latter has a different aj)erture, continuous lip, and no umbilicus,
and its sculpture is coarser.
Calliostoma Bairdii Verrill &, Smith.
Amer. Joura, Sci., xx, p. 396, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25).
Stations 805 to 874, in 65 to 192 fathoms; many living specimens.
Most common at stations 809 and 871, in 192 and 115 fathoms.
Margarita regalis Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 397, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25).
Stations 870, 871, 880 to 895, from 115 to 500 fathoms. Most abundant
at stations 892 to 894, in 365 to 487 fathoms.
Margarita lamellosa Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 397, for Nov., 1880 (published Oct. 25).
Stations 869 and 871, 115 to 192 fathoms. Only two specimens ob-
tained.
Margarita, sp. nov.
A small, elevated, conical, nearly smooth, white, and iridescent species,
with a small, narrow umbilicus, was dredged by us off Halifax, No\a
Scotia, in 1877. The specimen is not now at hand for accurate descrij)-
tion.
Machaeroplax bella (Verk.).
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 137, pi. 9, figs. 5 a-e.
An elegant species, allied to M. varicosa, but with more elaborate
sculpture. As in the latter, the whorls are crossed by oblique, flexuous,
rounded, transverse folds, but there are, in addition, in 3L hella four con-
spicuous revolving ribs on the last wborl ; the upper one is large and
nodulous, giving the whorls an angular or somewhat carinated form ;
the two lower ribs are smaller and close together, the third one at, and
the fourth just below the basal angle of the whorl. On the other whorls
only the two ui)per ribs are visible. Base with curved transverse ridges,
crossed by fine revolving lines. Umbilicus moderately large and deej),
with very distinct spiral lines within it.
Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia (loc. 47), 90 fathoms, fine, compact sand,
United States Fish Commission, 1877. One living and one dead sj^eci-
men. I^Tew to the American coast.
Cyclostrema trochoides (Jeff. MSS.) Friele.
Arch. Math. Naturv., 1876, p. 308, pi. 4, figs. 2 a, &— G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 131,
pi. 8, figs. 9 a-c.
A few si)ecimens of this little shell were trawled at stations 892 and
894, in 487 and 305 fathoms. In our specimens the umbilicus is, in most
cases, a narrow chink, but in one it is closed. There are distinct spiral
lines immediately around the umbibcus. It is new to the American
waters.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 379
Assiminea Grayana Leach.
Jeffrey's Biitisli Conch., v, p. 99, pi. 4, fig. 1 ; pi. 97, fig. 5. — Verrill, Amer.
Journ. Sci., xx, p. 250, Sept., 1880.
This was found iu July of this year, by the writer, living among decay-
ing sea-weeds, at high-water mark, between the docks at Newport, R. I.
It was associated with Alexia myosotis and Truncatella truncatula, and
was rather more abundant than either of the latter. Drawings of the
animal of this and the two species last named were made by Mr. J. H.
Emerton. The animal agrees well with the figures and descriptions of
the European examijles. It has not been recognized as American before.
Eulinia intermedia Cantraine.
G. O. Sars, op, cit., p. 210, pi. 11, fig. 20; pi. xviii, fig. 41.
Several living specimens were taken at stations 870, 871, 874, 87G, and
877, in 85 to 155 fathoms. It has previously been known from deep
water in the Mediterranean, and off the Canary Islands, Lofoden Islands,
and Finmark (200 to 300 fathoms).
This shell is more slender than E. oleacea. The sutures are not at all
impressed; the whorls are flattened so that the spire has a regular,
long-conical form. Aperture regularly ovate. The surface is smooth,
j)olished, and shining. Color of shell pure white, translucent; in life
the animal shows through, giving it a pale orange or salmon color.
Length, 5.G""^; breadth, 1.6'""'.
Eulima distorta Deshayes.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 210, pi. 11, fig. 23.
A single living specimen of this curious little shell was obtained at
station 871, in 115 fathoms.
Turbonilla nivea Stimiisou, Check List.
Chemnitzia nivea Stimpsou, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 114, 1851 ; In-
vert. Grand Manan, p. 23, 1853.
One perfect specimen of this very rare shell was dredged at station
871, in 115 fathoms.
It is distinguished by its very slender, elongated form, with twelve
flattened, closely coiled whorls and slightly marked sutures. The
sculpture consists of well-marked, regular, transverse, rounded ribs,
with smooth interstices ; no spiral lines. Color white ; surface shining.
AjHcal whorl small, inciu'ved, and reversed. Length, 6.5""" j breadth,
1.5""".
Turbonilla Rathbuni Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Joum. Sci., xx, p. 398, Nov., 1880.
Several fine living specimens were taken at stations 865 to 867, in 61
and 65 fathoms, and at stations 893 to 895, in 238 to 365 fathoms.
Dedicated to Mr. Eichard Eathbun, of the United States Fish Com-
mission.
380 PEOCEEDINGS OP UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Turbonilla formosa Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Journ. Sci., xs, p. 398, Nov., 1880.
ant «!: ^t? :^7t;ir ^'^'"^°' ''"'' ""«"™<' - ^'-^^- «^^
Turbonilla Smithii Verrill, sp. nov
Stations 871, 873, and 876, in 100 to 120 fathoms.
Euhmella ventricosa (Forbes).
_ G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 209, pi. U, fig. 19,. pi. 33, fig. ic.
rounded in tLe n>idd,e\™lp4ectC™;,t™?"'renSb!'r;™"
Odostomia unidentata (Mont.).
GO. Sars, op. cit., p. 201, pi. n, figg. ^.g.
0.^..o..a ..o,..« Stimpson.-Gouia, Invert. Mass., ed. ii, p. 327, fi. 596
Odostomia (Menestho) sulcata Verrill, sp. nov
of body-whori, TsV^ tead'h^^^^^ '' T T"" '^^"^■''' '•'^'"^'
breadth, .70-. ' ' ^^ ' ^^"^*^ «^ aperture, 1.10-- its
Stations 871 and 894, in 115 and 365 fothoms.
a reo-ularlV fnJvJT I ^'^^ '^ ^'^'^^S' ^^^^^ ^J^o^s and
and twer PeX; ^-.T"' ^^"? ''\ ^"^^^^^ ^^^ ^^l--^ ^-es coarser
l-erhaps it ib more closely related to the real Jlenestko
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 381
albula of Greeulaud, wbiolij according to Jeffreys, is distinct from our
shell, so named by Gould. These three forms all belong to Menestlio
M oiler ( — Liostomia G. O. Sars).
Auriculina insculpta ? (Mont.).
G. 0. Sars, oj). cit., p. 204, j)l. 11, figs. 11, 12; pi. xviii, fig. 38 (operculum).
A single dead and i^robably immature specimen, which I refer doubt-
fully to this species, was taken at station 892, in 487 fathoms. It agrees
nearly, in form and sculpture, with the figure (12) given by Sars, but our
shell is shorter, ovate-fusiform. There are five slightly convex whorls ;
the anterior half of the body- whorl is covered with distinct, fine, spiral
grooves ; nuclear whorl rounded, rather large, i^artially incurved. Aper-
ture narrow-ovate ; a slight fold on the columella ; no umbilicus.
Diaphana Brown, 1827 (restricted) ; H. & A. Adams.
Utrlculus {pars) Brown, 111. Brit. Conch., 1844 (wow Scliumacher, 1817).
Utricuhis G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 285.
In 1827 Brown proposed the name Diaphana for certain species of
shells figured by him (but not described), which now are known to belong
partly to the restricted modern genus Utriculus and partly to Amphi-
sphyra Loven, 1846. But he did not then define the genus, and in a later
edition of his work (1844) he discarded the name and substituted Utri-
culus for it.* But Utriculus had been used by Schumacher, in 1817, for a
different genus {Conidw). Loven's name {AmpldspJiyra), established by
him for Brown's second section of Utriculus, should, therefore, be re-
tained for that group, which is a good genus. Diaphana and Utriculus,
as used by Brown, were absolutely synouj-mous, but Diaphana, as used
by G. O. Sars, is a sj'uonym of Amphisphyra. In its original sense, Dia-
phana might be rejected, because undefined. But since Utriculus had
been preoccupied, it seems necessary to retain Diaphana for the first
section of Brown's genus, corresponding nearly with Utriculus of G. O.
Sais. This is also in accordance with the nomenclature in H. & A.
Adams's Genera of Shells.
The absence of an odontophore in Diaphana H. «& A. Adams = Utri-
culus Sars, is certainly a very important character by which the genus
can easily be distinguished from Gylichna and Amphisphyra. But this
genus cannot always be distinguished from Cylichna by the shell alone.
On that aijcount Loven, Jeffreys, and other able conchologists have re-
ferred some of the species of ^^ Utriculus" to Cylichna.
Diaphana nitidula (Lov6n) Verrill.
Cipichna nitidula Lov(5u, op. cit., p. 142, 1846.
Utriculus iiiiidulus G. 0. Sars, op. cit., yt. 286, i)l. 17, fig. 13; j)l. 26, fig. 3; j)l.
xi, figs. 6 a, 6 6 (gizzard, «fcc.).
This shell has been dredged by us in several localities in deep water
off the coast of New England and ISTova Scotia, and by Mr. Whiteaves
in the Gulf of Saint Lawrewce. This season it was taken at stations
891, 892, and 894, in 305 to 500 fathoms.
* This change was probably first made' in the edition of 1834, which I am unable to
consult.
382 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
It is a small, very smooth, white shell, in form closely resembling
young specimens of Cyliclina alha, for which it may easily be mistaken.
It lacks the fine spiral lines usually seen on the latter, and is rather
more narrowed posteriorly. The apex of the spire is occupied by a shal-
low depression, and there is no umbilicus.
Diaphana gemma Verrill.
Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 399, Nov., 1880.
Shell oblong, suboval, widest a little in front of the middle, truncate
posteriorly and obliquely rounded anteriorly, with a distinct umbilicus,
and also with a narrow, deep pit at the apex. Texture of shell rather
solid, somewhat thickened. Outer lip rising somewhat above the spire,
forming a rounded posterior angle ; throughout most of its length only
slightly convex, often nearly straight ; anteriorly, a little expanded and
produced, well rounded, thickened. Inner lip more thickened, with
the edge a little revolute, but leaving a small and regular umbilicus.
Aperture narrow posteriorly, ovate anteriorly. Surface smooth and
glossy, without any sculpture over the middle region, but with several
well-defined, not crowded, but fine spiral grooves at each end, visible
with a lens. Color grayish white. Length, 4.2"""; breadth, 2.5'""'.
Stations 871 and 873, 100 to 115 fathoms, fine sand, south of Martha's
Vineyard and Newport, E. I.
I have had no opportunity to examine the animal of this species, and
refer it to Diaphana, provisionally, because of its resemblance to D. umhil-
icata. It may prove to be a Cylichna. It has some resemblance to C.
occulta Mighels (= C. propinqiia Sars). The latter is, however, destitute
both of the pit at the summit of the spire and of the umbilicus, and its
surface is everywhere covered with distinct spiral»lines. Our shell is
shorter and stouter than D. unibilicata.
Diaphana conulus (Desli.).
Ufriculus conulus G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 287, pi. 17, figs. 17 a-c.
A perfect living specimen of this very distinct species was taken at
station 870, in 155 fathoms. It has not been recorded hitherto from the
American coast.
AmpMsphyra globosa Lr,v6ii, 1846.
DiapJuina glohosa G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 290, pi. 18, figs. 3c, 4; pi. xi, fig. 12
(dentition).
Specimens agreeing in all respects with Sars's figures, referred to
above, were dredged at stations 870, 871, and 894, in 115 to 365 fathoms,
south of Martha's Vineyard and Newport.
Amphisphyra psllucida (Brown) Lov^n, 1846.
Diaphana X)dluc\da Brown, 111. Recent Conch., pi. 19, figs. 10, 11, 1827.
Bulla h'yaUna Turton, Mag. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 3.33, 1834 {-non Gmelin).
Bulla dehilis Gonkl, Invert. Mass., ed. i, p. 164, fig. 95, 1841.
Utricitlus hyaUnus Jfeftreys, Brit. Conch., iv, j». 427 ; v, pi. 94, fig. 7.
Diaphana hyalina G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 289, pi. 18, figs. 1 a, h; pi. xi, fig. 10
(dentition).
Diaphana dchiUs Gould, Invert. Mass., ed. ii, p. 216, fig. 507.
This species occurred at stations 87C and 894, in 120 and 365 fathoms.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 383
The name peUucida clearly Kas priority for this species, and should be
adopted; moreover, hyaUna had been previously used. Jeffreys, al-
though he admits the priority of Brown's name, claims that it is " obso-
lete" because no one has used it, "except its author". But Loven, A.
Adams and others have correctly adopted it. Moreover, Jeffreys him-
self does not apply this idea in regard to "obsolete" names in many
other cases^ as, for example, in the case of Margarita olivacea (Brown),
an " obsolete" name revived by him to replace argentata Gould.
Cylichna Gouldii (Couth.) Verrill.
Bulla GouldU Coutliony, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 181, pi. 4, fig. fi, 1838.
Utriculus Gouldii Stimpson. — Gould, Invert. Mass. (second ed.), p. 217, fig. 508.
Living specimens of this species, of large size and in considerable
numbers, were dredged by us in 1879, off Cape Cod, and especially on
the sandy portions of Stellwagen's Bank, Massachusetts Bay, in 15 to 25
fathoms.
An examination of the animal shows that it has a gizzard, with cal-
careous plates, while its dentition agrees with Cylichna, to which it should
be referred, notwithstanding the character of the spire of the shell.
The median teeth are deeply bilobed ; the inner lateral ones large and
hooked; outer laterals four on each side, slender, spiuiform.
This species is very distinct from Diapliana pertennis {=J3nllaper-
tenuis Migh.), with which it has sometimes been confounded. The latter
occurred at station 894.
Philine amabilis Verrill.
Amer. Journ. Sei., sx, p. 398, Nov., 1880.
Animal large, about an inch long, even in alcoholic specimens. In
preserved specimens the anterior lobe is large, oblong, truncate behind,
obtusely pointed in front, slightly narrowed backward; lateral lobes
large; posteriorly the thin membrane covering the shell projects back-
wards beyond it, and its free edge is divided into several wide, but short,
lobes ; foot large.
Odontophore with a large inner lateral, hook-shaped tooth on each
side, having its inner edge very finely serrulate and each of its lateral
edges bordered by a sharp ridge ; outside of these there is on each side
a single, very much smaller, slender, spiuiform, very sharp, slightly bent
tooth.
Shell large, but exceedingly thin and delicate, diaphanous, lustrous,
and iridescent, with a very wide aperture. The outline is broad-oblong^
rounded at both ends; the outer lip, forming the greater part of the
shell, is evenly rounded posteriorly, and scarcely projects beyond the
level of the spire; in the middle it projects forward in a regular curve,
and recedes rapidly in front, where it also becomes slightly broader, and
forms a very obtuse, rounded angle ; the anterior end is broadly rounded
and very much cut away, so that in an end view, from the front, the
whole interior of the spire is visible. The inner lip is thin and shari>-
384 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
edged, aud recedes in a broad curve anteriorly, so that the body of the
shell is relatively very small. There is a small, shallow pit in the place
of the spire. Sculpture inconspicuous; many lines of growth, and very
fine, wavy, spiral strios, visible with a lens, cover the whole surface,
which has a glistening and opalescent or pearly luster.
Length of the entire animal, 25"°^ or more; length of shell, 15™™;
breadth of shell, 10™'".
Several living specimens from station 876, about 100 miles south of
Newport, R. I., in 120 fathoms.
This is one of the largest species of the genus, and one of the most
beautiful and delicate.
Philine Finmarchica M. Sars.
G. O. Sars, o]}. cit., p. 298, pi. 18, figs. 10 a-d; pi. xii, fig. 1 a,h (deutition).
Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 90 fathoms, fine sand, 1877 ; 70 to 75
miles south of Martha's Vineyard, 05 to 192 fathoms.
Philine fragilis G. O. Sars.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 298, -p]. 18, figs. 11 a-c ; -pi. xii, fig. 2 (dentition).
Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 90 fathoms, fine, compact sand, 1877;
Jeffrey's Ledge, Gulf of Maine, 88 to 92 fathoms, ] 874, several large
living specimens.
Philine cingulata G. O. Sars.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., j). 297, pi. 28, figs. 7 a-c; pi. xii, fig. 3.
Off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, 90 fathoms, with the preceding. Taken
this season at stations 892 and 894, in 487 and 365 fathoms.
These four species of Philine are new to the American coasts Prob-
ably additional species of this genus will be detected when all our col-
lections shall have been fully examined.
Pleurobranchasa tarda Verrill.
Amer. Jouru. Sci., xx, p. 398, Nov., 1880.
Body subovate, stout, thick, often nearly half as broad as long,
usually less, tapering backward and blunt x>osteriorly ; front broad,
convex or subtruncate ; back more or less convex or swollen in the
middle, with the surface wrinkled or irregularly reticulated, with the
sunken lines brown, the reticulations smaller posteriorly. Dorsal ten-
tacles short, stout, wide apart, ear-like, subtubular, having a slit on the
outer side, with the edges often rolled in. Gill rather large, well
exposed in a dorsal view, situated on the right side, behind the middle,
aud equal in length to nearly one-fourth the body, plumose, bipinnate,
with 15 or 16 pinnte on the upper side. Foot broad, often nearly as i^ide
as the mantle, subtruncate or rounded in front, narrowed and obtuse
posteriorly, ordinarily not extending beyond the mantle. The mantle
edge is but little i)rominent, except along the right side. Proboscis
protruded in most of the specimens, large, thick, obtusely tapered close
to the end, which is emarginate, showing the large odontoi)hore in a
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 385
broad, vertical iiotdi. Reproductive organs large and prominent; tbe
two oritices are situated on a large tubercle in front of the gill. The
male organ, in extension, is long, slender, usually curled, truncate, about
equal in length to half the breadth of the bodj-5 it is a tubular organ,
with a slit along the lower side, formed by the rolling up of a long, thin,
membranous process. At the posterior edge of the tubercle there is a
shorter, flat-pointed process, connected with the female organs. Color
of dorsal surface yellowish brown, lighter or darker, and reticulated
v.ith dark brown, often specked with flake white; gill and proboscis
dark purplish brown ; the proboscis with a darker dorsal patch ; tenta-
cles sometimes crossed by dark brown bauds. Foot salmon-color.
0(lonto]>hore very large and broad, with 150 to 170 rows of teeth; no
median teeth; all the teeth are similar in structure, and show only a
gradual change in form and size from the inner to the outer ones. The
inner ones are elongated, slightly curved, narrow-lanceolate, with a very
acute point and with a smaller, narrow, sharp denticle on the inner
edge, parallel to but sliorter than the main point ; the outer teeth grad-
ually become shorter, blunter, with a smaller denticle, which finally
nearly disappears. Length, usually 30'"'" to 40'""; breadth, 10""" to 11'"'".
About 20 miles south of Block Island (stations 814 to 817), in 38
fathoms; about 70 to 74 miles south of Martha's Vineyard (stations 805
to 872), in 65 to 192 fatJioms, fine, compact sand, very abundant (140
specimens). Also 90 to 100 miles south of Newport, R. I., in 85 to 225
fathoms (stations 873 to 879). Closely resembles Pleurohranchwa Novce-
Zcalandiw in form and color. The latter is a littoral species.
Derdronotus eJegans Yeniil, sp. nov.
Form and general appearance nearly as in D. arborescens, but rather
more slender. Branchije with rather longer stems and less numerous
branches than in the latter, but similarlj- arranged. Tentacle sheaths
with the terminal lobes not so finely divided, and with a smaller branch
on the outer side, near the base. Frontal processes of the head numer-
ous, large, with elongated stems, and not so much branched as in D.
arhorcscens. Color everywhere nearly uniform pale salmon ; tentacles
more yellowish. The dentition is peculiar and distinguishes it easily
from both our other species. Median tooth stout, smooth, entirely desti-
tute of lateral denticles ; its free portion, in a dorsal view, is broad-trian-
gular, almost as broad as long, acute at tip; base transversely elliptical,
a little broader than the free portion. Lateral teeth about ten on each
side, slender, the outer two or three shorter, blunt or subacute; the
others are successively longer and larger, and each has a more acute and
more oblique tip than those that precede it, except the inner one, which
has a shorter tip, with longer spinules. These lateral teeth are rather
suddc'idj' curved inward where they begin to taper, and beyond the curve
the tip becomes nearly straight again, and very acute, Avhile the anterior
edge of the curvature is covered with slender, sharp spiimles.
Proc. Nat. Mus. 80 25 ®ec. S3, 18 8©.
383 PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
The dentition of this species is very different from that of D. rolmstus
and B. arbor escens. Both of these have the median teeth serrated, and
different in form; the latter has broader and less acnte lateral teeth.
Off Cape Cod (station 330), 26 fathoms, September G, 1879.
Doris complanata Verrill.
Amer. Jomn. Sci., xx, p. 399, Nov., 1880.
Body depressed, broad-elliptical, well ronnded, both in front and be-
hind, the mantle extending much beyond the foot all around, its edge
usually undulated. The lower side of the mantle is stiffened with spic-
ules; upper surface slightly convex, nearly smooth, but covered with
small, rather distant, and but slightly prominent, conical elevations.
Dorsal tentacles large, stout, subclavate (not seen in full extension),
with very numerous, crowded, thin, high, lamelliform plications or folds
over the entire upper portion ; retractile into cavities having plain, sharp
edges Gills large, the two lower, on each side, partially conduent at
base, bipinnately and tripinnately divided, retractile into a large com-
mon cavity, which has plain edges. Anal papilla a prominent, cylin-
drical tube in the center of the branchial wreath. Foot relati /ely small,
obtusely rounded posteriorly, emargiuate in front, and with a transverse
sulcus on the front edge. Head small, rounded in front, with a free,
short, thick, ovate tentacle on each side. Odontophore broad, with
about seventy to eighty rows of teeth ; no median teeth ; about twenty-
two to twenty -four lateral teeth, on each side, are stout, hook- shaped,
with sharp points, and a slight lobe on the outer curvature and another
on the inner side ; outside of these there are twelve or more shorter,
flattened teeth, with obtuse or rounded, incurved, and sharply denticu-
lated or spinulated ends; the outermost teeth are smallest. Length,
50"""; breadth, 25™"\
Color, above, dull yellowish brown to dusky brown, irregularly finely
specked and blotched with dark brown ; gills dark brown.
About 70 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, station 872, ni 85 fathoms,
flmong sponges (eleven specimens).
This large species is closely related to D. JoJinstoni and D. plrmata of
Europe. It differs from both in its dentition, in having stouter and
blunter dorsal tentacles, with more numerous lamell«, and in having
shorter and blunter oral tentacles.
Polycerella Verrill, geu. iiov.
Body elongated-ovate, having the same form as Pohjcera. Mantle
little developed. Dorsal tentacles (rhinophores) not laminated and not
retractile, without sheaths. A row of papilhie along each side of the
back, extending beyond the gills. Gills three, pinnate, situated in the
middle of the back, nearly as in Fohjcera. Foot auricled. Odontophore
with six rows of teeth ; median row absent ; inner laterals large, curved,
with three denticles ; two outer rows much smaller, simi)le, hook-shaped.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 387
Polycerella Emertoni Vcrrill, sp. nor.
Body small, elongated-ovate, rather narrow, somewhat angular, about
as Iiigli as broad, sometimes higher than broad, tapered and somewhat
acute i^osteriorly, narrowed a little at the neck. Head high, convex
above, sometimes bilobed, but often rounded in front, capable of chang-
ing its form to a great extent, the part in front of the dorsal tentacles
being capable of considerable elongation and of contracting to a truncate
form. Foot high and narrow, obtuse posteriorly, the anterior angles
prolonged into short but prominent auricles, often curved backward and
pointed, at other times short and blunt. Dorsal tentacles rather long,
not retractile, but capable of considerable contraction ; in extension
their length is often equal to the breadth of the neck; they are fusiform
or subclavate, blunt, smooth or showing only slight, transverse, irregular
wrinkles, changeable in form, sometimes nearly cylindrical, at other times
swollen iu the middle or toward the tii). Edge of the mantle indicated
only by a slight, often crenulated, ridge along each side and around the
head. Above this edge there is a row of small papillre, of which two on
each side are in advance of the dorsal tentacles ; two are opposite to
them, and four or five on each side occui)y the space between the tenta-
cles and gills ; a row of five or six, on each side, extends beyond the gills
to near the end of the body, the posterior ones becoming very small.
Behind the gills there are three or four pairs of larger and longer pa-
pillae, situated more dorsally; of these the two pairs next to the gills
are lougest, and are often nearly equal to the dorsal tentacles in size
and length ; they are usually somewhat swollen in the middle and blunt
at the tip. Two or three pairs of much smaller papilloe are situated on
the back, in front of the gills. Gills three, narrow, elongated, pinnate,
subplumose, not finely divided, curved backward, not retractile, about
equal in length to the dorsal tentacles; the pinnse are few, alternate,
generally incurved, those toward the base more slender.
Color yellowish green to olive-green, varied with lemon-yellow, and
blotched and specked with darker green or blackish ; foot, tentacles,
gills, and dorsal papillie lighter greenish yellow, sparingly specked with
dark green.
Length, o""" to G™'"; breadth, 1™'"; height, 1.12'^'"j length of rhiuo-
phores, .88'"".
The odontophore is very minute. The teeth of the inner row, on each
side, are relatively very large and long, stout, with the shaft bent back-
ward and the end abruptly curved forward and divided into two sharp
denticles ; another sharp denticle is situated laterally, below the others.
The two outer lateral rows of teeth are much smaller and less than half
the length of the inner ones, nearly equal in size and form, simple,
stronglj^ curved forward, and very acute.
This species was first taken by the writer at Wood's Holl in September,
1875, at the surface, among eel-grass ', and on hydroids from the piles
of Long Wharf, New Haven, Conn., October, 1875. At Newport, R. L,
it has been found several times by Mr. J. H. Emertou and the writer, in
388 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
July and August, on filamentous algfe, especially Ceramium rv.hrnin,
growing on the mooring buoys and piles of wharves in the harbor.
In confinement it often leaves the algfe and creeps at the surface of
the water, foot upward.
The eggs of this species were laid in confinement, July 24, at New-
port, E. I. They form a long, narrow, oblong or strap-shaped, white
mass, attached by one edge to filamentous algiej the eggs are arranged
in numerous rows.
Coryphella nobilis Verrill, sp. nov.
A large and elongated species, with stout dorsal tentacles and large,
flattened, pale-salmon dorsal j)apillie. Foot broad, elongated, tapering
and acute posteriorlj- ; anterior angles considerably elongated, in the
form of acute tapering processes, having a distinct longitudinal groove
or fold. Head rather small, rounded, in front slightly convex, or nearly
straight, lower side concave. Oral tentacles very stout, flattened, gib-
bous near the end, with a small, somewhat upturned, round, acute tip.
Dorsal tentacles (rhinophores) very large and stout, arising close to-
gether, longer than the oral ones, tapered, subacute, thickly covered
with small, conical i^apillae or warts. No eyes could be detected. Dor-
sal papillce arranged in numerous transverse, oblique rows, each of eight
to ten or more papillie (except posteriorly); they are small and much
crowded along the sides 5 the upi^er ones are much longer, stout, mostl3^
flattened, widest beyond the middle, tapering to the lanceolate tip.
Color of foot and body translucent white; on the back there are
visible, through the integument, salmon-colored vessels, running from
one group of dorsal papillae to another and connecting with their
nuclei ; the dorsal papilhie are pellucid white externally, with a pale-
salmon nucleus, becoming paler and whitish near the tip ; dorsal tenta-
cles pale yellowish green ; oral ones pellucid white.
Length, about 63""", or 2.5 inches ; length of dorsal tentacles, 15™"'
(.G inch); of longest dorsal papillie, 12'"™ (.5 inch).
The odontophore has a central row of large teeth, with a moderately
prominent, acute, central denticle, and usually six smaller denticles on
each side ; lateral teeth without distiiict denticles on the edge, rather
large, wide at the base, which is emarginate, the outer lobe extending
further bacli:, inner edge slightly wavy and uneven, but not denticulate.
Off" Cape Cod, in 75 fathoms, mud and broken sliells, 1879. One speci-
men only.
In form and color this species resembles Q. salmonacea, but the latter,
which occurs at Eastport, Me., has the dorsal papillae more crowded,
and its dentition is very different, for the lateral teeth are strongly denti-
culated along the edge to near the tip.
Coryphella Stimpsoni Verrill.
Cuthona Stimpsoni Verrill, Atncr. Journ. Sci., xvii, p. 314; Trans. Conn. Acad.,
V, pi. 42, lig. 14.
The dentition of this species is peculiar, but agrees better with that
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 389
of Corypliclla tban with that of any of the related genera. It was orig-
inally referred to Cuthona on account of the lateral expansions of the
head. The odontophore is remarkably high and narrow ; the central
teeth are dark brown, large, strong, witli the median point very large,
compressed, and curved forward, projecting far beyond the small, sharp,
lateral denticles, of which there are usually eight or nine on each side ;
lateral teetb thin, pale, comparatively small, narrow, acute, without any
denticles, or rarely with some very small ones near the base, which is
rounded and but little expanded.
This species occurs from Massachusetts Bay to Halifax, Nova Scotia,
and from low-water to 50 fathoms.
Facelina Bostouiensis (Coutliouy) Venill & Emerton.
This species has been very much misunderstood, and totally different
species* have often been confounded with it. It is, however, very
easily distinguished from all of our other species. It is the only known
species from the Kew England coast that has the dorsal tentacles dis-
tinctly laminated or plicated.
It is a true Facelina^ having only a single row of teeth, with the cen-
tral denticle prominent.
It is common from above 1ow-m ater to 20 fathoms, on Ohelia and other
hydroids, from Massachusetts Bay to Block Island and Newport, E. I.
This season it occurred abundantly among Ohelia geniculata, on Lami-
nar ia, oft' Block Island, in 18 to 20 fathoms, associated with large num-
bers of LameUidoris muricata.
This species is very closely related to the European species, Facelina
Bnuiimomlii (Thomp., 1843) and F. elegans (Alder & Hancock).
Facelina pilata (Gould) Verrill & Emertou.
In its dentition this species agrees closely with the preceding, having
but a single row of teeth, of nearly the same form. It should be
referred properly to Facelina, although it does not agree strictly with
the diagnoses of that genus, especially in respect to the lamination of
the dorsal tentacles, which are, in this species, nearly smooth. This
character is, however, variable in this genus, the lamina? being very
prominent in F. coronata, rudimentary in F. elegans, and absent in
F. pilata.
Cratena Veronicae Verrill, sp. nov.
Size moderate, about 25^"™ in length, rather stout. Dorsal papillie
cylindrical, obtuse, moderately slender, arranged in twelve to fifteen
regular transverse series on each side, the middle ones containing eight
to ten or more i3apill8e; anterior groups smaller, situated well forward,
* The species described by Bergh (Anat. Bid. til Kundskab. om ^olidierue, p. 102,
pi. 5 a, 1884) under the name of Comjphella Bostoniensis is entirely distinct. It has
three rows of teeth, and is closely related to Corypliella Mananensis Verrill (Stimpsou
8p.), common on our northern coasts.
390 PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
in front of the dorsal tentacles. Oral and dorsal tentacles nearly equal
in length, moderately long, tapered, blunt. The dorsal tentacles appear
slightly \Yrinkled transversely. Eyes black, conspicuous, near together,
just behind the bases of the dorsal tentacles. Foot narrow, with broad,
rounded anterior angles. Head moderately large, its outline nearly
semicircular in front, and projecting considerably in advance of tlie
bases of the oral tentacles.
Color variable. In some specimens the nuclei of the dorsal pai^illse
and the biliary ducts from them are dark green, the nuclei appearing to
belobulated orfloculent; the outer sheath is translucent whitish, with an
interruiited streak of ilake-white on the distal half, and with unequal
specks and spots of the same scattered over the surface, w^hile on the
outer side, near the end, there is a patch of orange ; tip translucent
white. In front of tlie bases of the dorsal tentacles there is a dark
green patch. Tentacles white.
In other specimens, taken at the same time, the nuclei of the dorsal
papillae were salmon-colored, but the subterminal patch of orange and
the streak and specks of flake- white were as in the green variety ; the
body was translucent white ; dorsal tentacles white, tinged or faintly
reticulated with flake-white ; oral tentacles with a streak of flake-white
on the posterior side.
Odontophore narrow, with a single row of teeth ; these have thirteen
sharp denticles, the median one scarcely as long as those next to it ; the
anterior border of the tooth is nearly semicircular, with a notch on each
side near the outer ends, which run backward, as short processes, some-
what enlarged and emarginate at the end.
Oft' Cape Cod (station 328), in 23 fathoms, among hydroids, September
6, 1879.
This species is nearest allied to Craieiia olivacea (Alder & Hancock),
but differs in the form of its teeth, as well as in its coloration. It is also
allied to Cratena viridis, of Europe. In case either of the older names
{CanoUna and Montagua) be retained for this group, this species should
be so named. But both of these names having been jirevaously used
for other genera, they should be discarded.
Cratena gymnota (Couthouy) Verrill & Emerton.
Montagua Gouldii Verrill, luvcrt. Viuey. Sound, p. 667 (author's copies, p. 373),
1873.
This species, which is common on littoral hydroids, from Massachu-
setts Bay to Kew Haven, Conn., is a typical Cratena Bergh* (= Cavo-
I'ma Alder & Hancock = Mo7itagua auth.), and is very closely allied to
C. aurantiam (A. & H.) of Europe, with which its dentition agrees very
nearly, even in minute details. In C. gymnota the coloration, also, is
often similar to that of C. aurantiaca, but the dorsal papill* are fewer
* In tlie excellent work of G. O. Sars this generic name has been, by some oversight,
misapi)liecl, in place of Cuthona, to include C. nana, which was the original type of
Cuthona Alder & Hancock.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 391
and longer, and their clusters are less numerous and less crowded. In
case it be thought necessary to unite the two forms, Couthouy's name
has priority.
Tergipes despectus (Joliust.) Alder & Hancock.
The genuine despectus was distinguished from G. exigua by Mr. J. H.
Emerton, at Salem, Mass., in 1879, when he made characteristic draw-
ings of both and xjreparations of the odontophores, which I have exam-
ined. During the present year he has found the former near Newiiort,
B. I., on hydroids (ObeUa) at low- water. The species described and
figured by Gould (Binuey's edition) under this name is really the Gal-
viiiia exigua Alder & Hancock, difieriug widely in its dentition, there
being three rows of teeth, instead of the single row, seen in Tergipes.
But the T. despectus of my report on Invertebrates of Vineyard Sound,
1873, was correctly named. Both species are found under the same con-
ditions, but, according to Mr. Emerton, G. exigua is found in the spring
and early summer, while T. despectus occurs later in the summer and
in autumn.
Acmasa rubella? (Fabr.).
Tectura nthella G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 121, pi. 8, figs. 5 a, h ; pi.
ii, fig. 11 (dentitiou). — Jefl'reys, Adu. aud Mag. Nat. Hist., for ilarch,
1877, p. 231.
One specimen, without the animal, was dredged at station 894. It
appears to agree closely with the species referred to,' except that the
apex is not obtuse, aud its color is pale yellowish white. There is no
sculpture except irregular and rather distinct lines of growth. The
apex is acute, bent directly backward, aud situated at about the pos-
terior fourth. The base is oblong-oval. Length, 5.5'"™ j height, 2.75™'".
HETEEOPODA.
Carinaria Atlautica Ad. & Reeve (?).
Fragments occurred at station 865. They may have belonged to C.
Mediterranea.
Atalanta Peronii Lesueur.
D'Orbigny, Voy. Km€v. M6rid., Moll., p. 171, pi. 12, figs. 1-15; Hist. ITslo de
Cuba, Moll., i, p. 102, 1853.
Near George's Banlv, latitude 41o 25' north, longitude 05° 5' to Go'^ 30'
west (Messrs. S. I. Smith and O. Harger, 1872).
PTEROPODA.
Although the Pteropods are all, properly speaking, oceanic species, it
is undoubtedly true that a certain group of species will be found to be
characteristic of the waters adjacent to each coast. Hitherto tliose ob-
served and recorded from near the shores of New England have been
chiefly northern or arctic species, which follow the course of the arctic
current along our coast. For this reason, in the winter and spring, the
beautiful Clione papilionacea is frequently found as far south as Vineyard
392 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Sound and the shores of Eliode Island. The Spirialis Gouldii Stimp.
is probably also an arctic species, and is very closely related to, if not
identical with, 8. halea of the Arctic Ocean.* There are, however, a few
of the more tropical species that have been already recorded as occa-
sionally cast ashore dead, upon the southern shores of New England.
Of these Diacria trlspinosa and CavoUna tridcntata are the most com-
mon. Of the former, I have also received numerous examj)les, with the
animal in good condition, obtained by Mr. Samuel Powell, at Newjiort,
El. I., several years ago, from the stomach of a blue-fish. This season
two living specimens of it were taken off Block Island by Messrs. Y. N.
Edwards and N. P. Scudder, of our party. The fresh shells of this spe-
cies were dredged by us in 1871, near Martha's Yineyard, and this year
we found it in abundance and perfectly fresh, in all our outer dredgings,
70 to 100 miles oil' shore. It was associated with Diacria trispinosa Gray
and several other species, named below, but was far more numerous than
any of the others. The following species are here introduced because
of their common occurrence, evidently in large numbers, within a few
miles of our coast. Several of them have not been recorded from so far
north before, even in mid-ocean.
Cavolina longirostris (Les. MSS., Bv.) H. & A. Atl.
Hyalcea longirostris Blainv., Diet. Sci. Nat., xxii, p. 81. — Kaug, Hist. Nat.
Pterop., p. 41, pi. 2. figs. 7-10, 1852.
Carolina loiigirostra Gray, Catal. Moll. Brit. Mus., Pteropoda, p. 8.
This small but elegant species occurred frequently in our dredgings,
but not in large numbers (stations 867, 870, 876, 891, 891, &c.).
Cavolina uncinata (D'Orb. ) Gray, 1850 ; H. & A. Ad.
Hyalcoa uncinata D'Orb., 1836. — Raug, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 37, j)!. 2, figs. 11-
14, 1852.
This occurred in many localities, with the last. Our specimens differ
from the figures referred to in having the median posterior spine more
hooked and more abruptly bent, so as to make nearly a right angle with
the shell.
Cavolina inflexa (Les.) Gray.
Hijalwa inflexa Lesneur; Blaiuv., Diet. Sci. Nat., xxii, p. 80.
One perfect and full-grown specimen from station 894.
Clio pyramidata Browne ; Linu6; Gmelin.
Cleodora pyramidata Peron & Les. ; Lamarck.
Cleodora lanceolafa Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., xvi, p. 497, pi. 19, fig. 1.
Clio pyramidata Gray, Catal. Moll. Brit. Mus., Pteropoda, p. 12, 1850.
Several fresh but somewhat broken specimens of this species occurred
at stations 865, 891 to 894.
* It is very distinct from S. retroversus, to which Jeffreys has formerly referred it.
Both the figure and description give it spiral lines, while the latter is very smooth.
G. O. Sars identifies it with S. halea.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 393
Balantium recurvum Cliiltlren.
Journ. Roy. Inst., xv, p. 220, pi. 7, fig. 1C7, 1829.— Gray, Ccat.il. Moll. Brit.
Mus., Pteropoda, p. 14, 1850.
Clcodora balantium Raug, Mag. Zool., 1834 ; Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 52, pi. 5, fig.
12; pi. X, fig. 7, 1852.
Fragments occurred at stations 865 and SQO.
Styliola recta (Lesueur, MSS.) Blainv., Man. Mai., 1825.
Creseis acicula Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., I, xiii, p. 318, pi. 17, fig. 6, 1828.
Creseis clava Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., I, xiii, p. 317, pi. 17, fig. 5, 1828.
Creseis acus Esch., Zool. Atlas, iii, pi. 15, fig. 2, 1831.
Cleodora acicula Rang, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 56, pi. 7, figs. 5,7,1852.
Near George's Bank, latitude 41° 25', longitude 65° 5' to 05° 30', Sep-
tember, 1872, at surface (Messrs. S. I. Smith and O. Harger).
Styliola virgula (Rang) Gray.
Creseis virgula Rang, Ann. des Sci. Nat., I, xiii, p. 316, pi. 17, fig. 2, 1828.
Cleodora virgula Rang, Hist. Nat. Pterop., p. 57, pi. 13, figs. 20-24, 1852.
Near George's Bank,, with the preceding.
Spinalis MacAiidrei Forbes & Hanley, ii, p. 384.
S^iirialis retroversus (Flem.), variety f MacAndrei, JeflTreys, Brit. Coucli., v, p.
115, pi. 4, fig. 4 ; pi. 98, fig. 5.— G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 330,
pi. 29, figs. 3 a-f; pi. xvi, fig. 19 (dentition).
Several entire and perfectly fresh specimens occurred at station 894.
They agree with the form called var. MacAndrei by Jeffreys.
Cymbulia calceolus Verrill.
Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 394, Nov., 1880.
Test thick, transparent, broad-ovate or elliptical, rounded at both ends,
covered, above and below, with low, rounded verructe ; aperture large,
occupying more than half the length of the test, broad-ovate, posterior
margin nearly straight; edges simple, unarmed. Animal pale pink,
with a brown nucleus ; fins very large, connate, broadly rounded ; their
outline taken together forms a long ellipse, considerably louger and
somewhat broader than the test. Length of test of a medium-sized
specimen, in alcohol, lO"""; breadth, ll""'; expanse of fins, 23'"'"; their
breadth, 12""'". The largest specimens have the test about 40'"'" long,
20'"'" broad. Stations 805 to 872 (near the surface), common; about 30
miles east-southeast of Block Island, at surface, October 2, 1880
(Messrs. Scudder and Edwards).
Halopsyche Verrill, nom. nov.
Psyche Rang, 1825 (wow Psyche Linnd, 1735, nee Psyche Sclirank, 1801).
The name Psyche having been twice used before it was employed by
Bang, it will be necessary to substitute another name for this genus of
Pteropods. I therefore propose Halopsyche.
Tbe type, and only known species, Halopsyclie glohulosa (Bang),
inhabits the waters of Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
SOLENOCONCHA.
Dentaliuni occidentale Stimi).
Shells of Now Eugland, 1851 (based on D. dentale Gould, 1st ed., p. 155, fig,
5, not of European authors).
DentaUum dentale Gould, Invert, of Mass., 2d ed., p. 230.
DentaUum ahyssorum M. Sars, 1858.
DentaUum striolatum Jeffreys (non Stimpson).
Antalis striolata G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv.,p. 101, pi. 7, fig. 1; pi. 20,
figs. 10 a, h ; pi. 1, figs. 1 a-c, dentition {non Stimpson sp.).
This species is abundant on muddy bottoms, in 50 to 300 fatlioms, all
along the coast of l^ew England and IS^ova Scotia.
Mr. Jeffreys, misled by a singular and unaccountable mistake, has
constantly applied to this sulcated species the name given by Stimj^soii
to our common, shallow- water, nearly smooth form. In this mistake G.
O. Sars and others have followed him.
The question as to the specific distinctness of these two forms I do not
propose to discuss at this time, but it is equally desirable that the
respective names should be correctly ajiplied, whether we regard the
forms as varieties or species. Of D. striolatum^ I have dredged thou-
sands of specimens in shallow water in the Bay of Fundy, in the same
region where Stimpson's original specimens were taken, and amojig them
no specimens of "i>. occidentale^^ are to be found. In other localities, how-
ever, both species occur together. Both were taken this season on the
outer banks, off Newport. But D. occidentale was by far the most com-
mon, and was abundant in the deeper stations, where i>. striolatum did
not occur at all.
Among the specimens taken by us there are many that are more
strongly ribbed and sulcated than usual, the ribs being more or less
angular and elevated. In some of these, which are slender and about
an inch long, the internal surfiice of the shell has grooves corresj^onding
to the external ribs, the shell being thin, but of uniform thickness, so that
the two surfaces are parallel. In others of the same size the bore of the
shell is smooth and round, the shell being thickened opposite the ribs.
I am not prepared, however, to say that this is anything more than a
varietal difference.
The form of the posterior notch varies in all our species (or varieties)
from a shallow notch to a triangular cut, and even to a deep slit.
Siphonodentalium vitreum Sars.
G. O. Sars, op. cit.,p. 103, pi. 7, figs. 2 a-c; pi. i, figs. 2 «-/ (dentition). — Yer-
rill. Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 42, fig. 19.
A fine, large specimen, jjrobably belonging to this species, was
dredged by the party on the " Bache ", in 1873, in the Gulf of Maine
(station 12 B), in 60 fathoms, mud.
The shell is smooth, round, very thin, transparent, and lustrous. It
is slightly curved and exi)ands gradually to the anterior end. The pos-
terior oj)ening is small and round, without lobes, but it probably has
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 395
been broken off squarely. Length, 12"""; diameter of larger end, 2.5""";
of Ruiall end, .5"™.
Another specimen of similar character, 10""^' long and 2.5'"'" broad, was
dredged in the Gulf of Maine, 107 fathoms (station 9 B), 1873. With
the last-named specimen there was, however, a perfect living specimen,
7""" long and 2'"'" broad, having the posterior end perfect and provided
with the characteristic digitations around the opening.
Sipliouentalis aflinis (Sars).
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 104, j)l. 20, fig. 1'2. — Yemll, Trans. Couu, Acad., v, j)l.
42, figs. 20 a-b.
A specimen smaller and more slender than the preceding species,
and which I refer to ^S*. offinis, was dredged by us, iu 1877, in Bedford
Basin, near Halifax, Nova Scotia, 35 fathoms, soft mud. It is 6""" in
length, 1"'™ in breadth, slightly curved, round, smooth, glossy, and trans-
lucent. The posterior opening is small and appears to be perfect; it
shows only a faint indication of a notch on the convex side.
Siphonentalis Lofotensis (M. Sars).
G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. 104, pi. 20, figs. 11 a, I; pi. i, fig. 3.
A few specimens that agree well with the figures and description of
this species were taken at station 891, in 500 fathoms.
It is longer and more tapered than the last, and much !*^ss translucent.
Cadulus propinquu.s G. O. Sars.
Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., j). 106, pi. 20, figs. 1.') a, h ; pi. i, fig 5 (deutitiou).
This shell occurred iu considerable numbers, living, at station 871, in
115 fathoms. It is a small, polished species, rather stciter and more
swollen than the next.
Cadulus Jeffreysii Monterosato.
Cadnlus sul)fiis\formisf Jeffreys, British Couch., v, p. 196, i\ 101, fig. 3 {non
Sars, teste Mouter.).
Several specimens of a small Cadulus, somewhat swollen in the middle
and rather strongly bent, I refer to the above species. Che posterior
aperture is simple iu most of them, but slightly notched ii others.
Station 871.
Cadulus Pandionis Verrill & Smith.
Auier. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 397, Nov., 1880.
A very much larger, highly polished species occurred ai many of the
stations, but most abundantly at 8G9 to 871 and 873 to 877 iu 85 to 192
fathoms. It is swollen on the convex side, in the middle, and slightly
angulated or gibbous at about the anterior third. It is transversely
elliptical in section ; the anterior end decreases to the aperture, which
is oblique, the lip being prolonged on the concave side. Posterior aper-
ture small, with a semicircular notch above and below. Length, 10""";
breadth, 2.25'""'; of mouth, 1.75'""'; of i)osterior aperture, .10'"^.
396 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Poromya granulata (Nyst) Forbes & Hanley.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 90, figs. 6 a, 6.— Vorrill, Traus. Conn. Acatl., v, pi. 44,
tigs. 3, 4.
Several adult liviug examples of this shell were dredged in 1872 by Dr.
A. S. Packard and Mr. 0. Cooke, on the Coast Survey steamer "BacUe",
in the Gulf of Maine, in 150 fathoms, mud. This season it was taken at
station 805, in 05 fathoms. It has not previously been recorded as
American.
In form and size it somewhat resembles Thracia myopsis, but is easily
distinguished by the small granules scattered over the exterior, and by
the peculiar hinge, very difiterent from that of Thracia. The right valve
has a i)rominent, recurved, cardinal tooth. On the European coast it
ranges from the Lofoden Islands to the Mediterranean, in deep water.
Poromya rotundata Jeffreys.
Anuals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Dec, 1«7G, p. 494 (Valorous Espeditiou, Mol-
Insca).
Shell rounded, thin, translucent, pearly within. External surface
closely covered with small, rounded, obtuse granules, arranged mostly
in close quincunx, and distinctly forming radiating lines, but in some
parts appearing to be also in concentric lines. The narrow intervals
between these lines of granules show the iridescent surface of the shell.
These granules give a shagreen-like appearance to the shell. The gran-
ules show tlirough on the inside, giviug a finely tessellated appearance.
The shell is but little longer than broad, convex ; ventral and anterior
edges evenly rounded; posterior dorsal edge a little sloping, and form-
ing an obtusely rounded angle where it meets the curvature of the pos-
terior end. Hinge of right valve with a prominent couical tooth, fittiug
into a corresponding pit in the left valve.
South of Martha's Vineyard, stations 805 and 871, 05 to 115 fathoms,
living ; North Atlantic, 1,450 fathoms (Jeffreys).
Lyonsiella abyssicola M. Sars; Friele.
PecchioUa abyssicola G. O. Sars, Remarkable Forms Anira. Life, i, p. 25, pi. 3,
figs. 21-43; Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv., p. lOS, pi. 20, figs. 5 a-d.
A few good living specimens of this interesting addition to the Ameri-
can fauna were dredged by our iiarty this season, south of Martha's
Vineyard and Newport, in 192 to 500 fathoms, fine, compact saud and
mud (stations 809, 880, 891, 892, 891).
Lyonsiella gemma Verrill, sp. nov.
Shell small, iridescent, white, with raised radii, broad oval, widest
and broadly rounded anteriorly, expanded and broadly rounded ven-
trally, posterior end short, narrowed, and tapered to an obtuse point.
The beak is subcentral, but a little nearer tlie anterior end, prominent,
intlated, strongly curved inward and forward. Dorsal margin abriii)tly
incurved opposite the beaks and decidedly expanded and excurved in
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 397
front of them, so as to rise nearly to a level with the ninbos ; internally,
oi)posite the tips of the beaks, there is a smooth swelling within the
margin. Hinge margin thin, toothless, but with an internal sear behind
the beaks, where the ligament and ossicle were attached (the ligament
is gone). Palial sinus very small, angular. Shell less thin than in the
preceding species. Sculpture numerous, very delicate, slightly raised
lines, which radiate from the beaks over the whole surface ; they are
separated by much wider interspaces, which are smooth and iridescent,
and not at all excavated. Length, 4.5'""^; height (beak to ventral mar-
gin), 4""".
One perfect specimen, station 892, 487 fathoms, associated with L.
ahyssicola.
From the latter it differs widely in shape, having nothing of the rect-
angular form so characteristic of that species ; the latter is also much
less expanded anteriorly and much more so posteriorly, being far more
inequilateral and more elongated.
Kennerlia glacialis (Leach) Carpenter.
Pandora glacialis Leach, Eosse's Voyage, appendix, p. 174. — Leche, Kongl.
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl., Baud 16, p. 11, pi: 1, figs. 1 a, h, 1878 (author's
copy).
Living specimens of this arctic shell were dredged at station 873, in
100 fathoms. It had previously been recorded from the Gulf of Saint
Lawrence by Whiteaves, but was not known to occur on the New
England coast. It diliers widely from the common Clidiopltora trilineata
Cin\{ = Pandora trilineata Say), in the absence of the internal radiating
ridges, in its more inequilateral and irregular form, and in the greater
convexity of the upper valve. The lower valve is very flat, or even con-
cave, and is marked externally with several distinct radiating lines.
Neaera glacialis.
G. O. Sars, op. cit.,p. 88, pi. 6, figs. 8 «-c.— Verrill, Trans. Coun. Acad., v., pi.
44, fig. 10 I).
A form of Xemra^ agreeing perfectly with this, is common on muddy
bottoms, in 50 to 192 fathoms, oft' the coasts of New England and Nova
Scotia. We have dredged it off Cape Cod, off Cape Ann, otf Casco Bay,
in the Bay of Fundy, and in numerous localities in the Gulf of Maine
and otf Nova Scotia, since 1872; and recently, south of Newport and
Martha's Vineyard, in 65 to 500 fathoms. The larger specimens exceed
an inch in length.
Among our numerous examples there is, however, considerable varia-
tion, both in the form of the shell and in the size and shape of the car-
tilage-pit and lateral teeth. Moreover, the variations in the hinge are
not correlated with the diflerences in the breadth and length of the
rostrum. Therefore, it seems to me probable that this shell should be
considered merely a variation of N. arctica. The latter, in its typical
form, occurs in the same localities and in about the same numbers, and
398 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
some examples grow to even greater size, being 1.25 iuclies loug. In
our siiecimens (see Trans. Conn. Acad., v, pi. 44, fig. 10 a) the rostrum
is usu ally longer and narrower than in the specimen figured by Sars,
approaching in this respect his figure of N. glacialis, but with the
cartilage-pit as large and broad as in his iV". arctica. In fact, the ma-
jority of our specimens may be described as intermediate between the
two forms figured by Sars.
Neaera obesa Lovdn (184G) = N. pellucida Stimpson (1852).
Associated with the preceding, in most of the localities named, I have
found another form, often .5 of an inch or more in length, which I con-
sider identical with Keccra obesa of Loven, aud M'hich often agrees well
with the figures of this species given by G. O. Sars, but with the ros-
trum more commonly somewhat shorter. The cartilage-pit has the same
form as the one figured by Sars. The young of this shell is the Kecvra
Ijellucida of Stimpson, without doubt. I have rei^eatedly dredged it in
his origiual locality.
Neccra ohesa^ as thus determined, is closely allied, in form aud struct-
ure, to N. arctica and var. glacialis. Its texture is thinner, more deli-
cate, more translucent, and smoother, or with less conspicuous lines of
growth, and freer from adherent mud. These dilierences are not merely
due to age, for I have examined both forms, of various sizes, from .10 of
an inch or less, in length, up to the full-grown specimens.
The largest specimens of X. ohesa are, however, rarely more than .50
of an inch in length. The shell is usually very swollen and ventricose,
rather abruptly contracted postej'iorly at the base of the rostrum, which
is rather narrow and not very long, but varies considerably in leugth
and breadth. The cartilage plate is prominent, and projects inward so
as to form a distinct angle.
Ne8sra jugosa S. Wood.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 83, pi. 6, figs. 9 a-c.
This species is easily distinguished from all others found on our coast
by its concentric raised lamellae. Station 894, 3G5 fathoms, off oS^ew port,
R. I.
Nessra rostrata (Spongier) Lov^n.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 89, pi. 6, figs. 7 a, h.
Several fine, large specimens of this species were dredged by us about
70 to 75 miles south of Martha's Vineyard, in 85 to 115 fathoms, and 90
to 100 miles south froui ]S'ewport, R. I., in 120 to 500 fathoms. It is
easily distinguished from the forms above mentioned by its very long
and narrow iiosterior beak or rostrum, and by the oval form of the shell.
It has a nearly smooth surface.
Neaera multicostata Verrill & Smith, sp. nov.
This is a large and very distinct species, easily distinguished from all
oth<3rs known on our coast bv the strong radiating ribs which cover the
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STxVTES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 399
■uliole. surface of the sbell. The shell itself is rather large, swollen,
subovate, well-rounded venti-ally, but obliquely subtruncate anteriorly.
Eostrum rather short, narrow, well defined, tapered ; on the rostrum
there are eight or nine rather broad, low, radiating costee. The body of
the shell is covered with regular, raised and strong, radiating costai,
over lifty in number, separated by deep grooves of about the same
width as the costal ; anteriorly these ribs become small ; posteriorly,
near the base of the rostrum, live or six become much larger than the
rest, and have smaller ones alternating with them.
Color yellowish white ; in life rosy, from the internal organs showing
through. Length, 19™'"; beak to ventral edge, 12"™.
South of Martha's Yineyard, 115 fathoms ; about 90 to 100 miles
south of Newport, 85 to 120 fathoms, stations 871, 873, 871, 87G, «S:c.
Several living specimens of various sizes.
Cardium, sp.
A roundish species of Cardium, about IS*""" in diameter, is represented
by a single valve, in good condition. The surfa(;e is rather closely and
regularly cancellated. The ribs are smooth, without scales or spines.
It was taken at station 865.
Astarte crenata Gray.
Parry's Voyage, app. — Friele, Cafcal. Norv. Nordmeer-Exp. Spitzb., Moll., p.
267, 1879.
? Astarte crehricostata Forbes; Jeffreys; G. O. Sars; and other Euroj)eaa
■writers.
Astarte crehricostata Gonkl, Invert., Mass., 2(1 ed., p. 128, fig. 440 (var. lens).
Astarte lens (Stimp., MSS.) Verrill, Amer. .Journ. Sci., iii, p. 287, 1872.
Large numbers of specimens, which seem to agree closely with the
typical arctic and deep-water form of this species, were taken at nearly
all the stations, in 05 to 500 fathoms. It was most abundant at stations
880, 891, 895.
These form series that appear to graduate into the large, broad, flat-
tened form to which the name lens has been applied, which is abundant
in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine, in 50 to 150 fathoms.
The typical form is smaller, more swollen, with the edges more
rounded, and less expanded posteriorly. All the forms have the edges
regularly crenulated.
Cryptodon Sarsii (Phil. ).
Axinus Sarsii G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 60, pi. 19, figs. .'S a, h.
A single dead specimen of a shell agreeing very closely with this
form, as figured by G. O. Sars, was dredged by our party, in 1870, off
Cape Cod.
Crypton obesus Verrill.
Auier. .Tourn. Sci., iii, p. 287, pi. 7, fig. 2, 1872.
I may take this occasion to remark that Sars's figure (pi. 19, fig. 7) of
C. obesus Verrill does not represent the large form described by me
under that name, which is remarkable not only for its swollen form, but
400 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
iilso for its great height (from beak to ventral edge), as compared -with
its length, while the shell figured hj Sars is broadly rounded,, pnorc lik'e
our typical C. Gouldii, of which I am inclined to consider it the adult
state.
Very large and characteristic specimens of the typical C. obcsus, sev-
eral of them more than lo"" broad, but mostly dead, have been fre-
quently dredged this season, off Newport, R. I., in 12 to 20 fathoms, and
especially at stations 8Go-871, 873, 87G, and 877, in 65 to 192 fathoms,
south of Martha's Vineyard and ISTewport.
Cryptodon ferruginosus ? (Forbes).
Axiniis ferrufjiiiosHs G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Ai'ct. Norv., p. 63, pi. 19, figs. 10 rt, b.
Living specimens were taken at station 871, in 115 fathoms. They
were thickly incrusted with iron-oxide, Avhich adheres very tenaciously ;
beneath this crust the shell is usually much eroded.
Lorii)es lens Verrill & Smitli.
Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, -p. 400, Nov., 1880 (published Oct.).
Shell rather thin, moderately convex, well rounded, nearly equilat-
eral; beaks acute, a little prominent, curved forward; lunule small,
deeply excavated, cordate ; ligamental area long, narrow-lanceolate, a
little sunken, so that the ligament scarcely rises to a level with its
edges. The posterior dorsal outline of the shell is nearly straight or
but slightly convex ; the posterior end is very obtusely rounded or sub-
truncate, making a slight angle with the dorsal edge and a very
obtusely rounded one with the ventral edge, which is evenly curved
and continuous with the regularly rounded anterior end ; dorsal edge in
front of the beaks incurved. Surface rather smooth, especially toward
the umbos, but with more or less numerous and irregular lines of growth,
marked by thin and slightly raised lines, which become more regular
and more conspicuous at each end of the shell, and especially poste-
riorly. A faint ridge runs from the beak to the posterior ventral angle.
A slight undulation or depression (often obsolete) runs from the beak to
the ui)per part of the anterior edge, bounding a small anterior dorsal
area. Hinge without any distinct teeth. Anterior muscular scar elon-
gated, somewhat sinuous; posterior one small, ovate. Shell usually
yellowish white; young specimens, when living, are translucent, flesh-
color, owing to the animal showing through. Length of the larger
specimens, 11'"'"; breadth or height, 12.5""".
Dredged in 1879 in many localities off Cape Cod, in 50 to 100 fathoms ;
in 1880 common at nearly all the outer stations, in C5 to 192 fathoms
(stations 8G5 to 877). Most of the specimens are dead, but fresh.
Tellimya ferruginosa (Mont.).
G. O. Sars, Moll. Reg. Arct. Norv. , p. 70, pi. 20, figs. 1 a-c.
Montacuta ferruginosa J (itYreys, Brit. Coiicli., ii, p. 210; v, pi. 31, fig. 9.
Several living specimens from stations 892, 803, and 894, in 365 to 487
fathoms. They were all thiclily coated with a brown .ferruginous crust,
beneath which the shell is usually eroded.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 401
Leda unca Gould.
Proc. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist., viii, p. 282, 1832.— Otia Conch., p. 239 (= f Leda
acuta Conrad, described as fossil).
Many of our specimens are much larger than the shells described by
Gould and Conrad. Our larger specimens are 13'"" long, 8""" broad.
This shell is rather strong and thick, oval, swollen, rounded anteriorly,
but posteriorly narrowed to an acute, short, angular beak, at the base of
which there is a slight incurvature of the ventral edge. The nearly
straight posterior dorsal edge slopes regularly to the beak, and is some-
what compressed or keeled. The whole surface is covered with numer-
ous prominent, regular, rounded, concentric ribs, separated by deep
grooves of about the same width. On the posterior dorsal area these
ribs are smaller, and are often nearly obsolete close to the edge.
Taken in considerable numbers, alive and dead, at many of the sta-
tions, both south of Martha's Vineyard and south of Newi)ort, E. I., in
85 to 155 fathoms, especially at stations 871, 873, 874, and 870.
This species appears to be allied to L. 3Iessanensis Cant. (= L. acumi-
nata Jeff.), from deep water in the Mediterranean.
Leda pernula (Miiller).
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 35, pi. 5, fig. 1 a-d.
A specimen that appears to be a typical example of this speceies was
dredged by us in 1877, off' Halifax, in 59 fathoms. It has a smooth,
lustrous, yellowish- green epidermis. The concentric grooves are irreg-
ular and mostly obsolete, except anteriorly, where they are fine and
close. The form is similar to that of L. tenuisulcata. Length, 23'""' 3
height, 10'"'".
Yoldia frigidia Torcll.
Spitz. Moll., p. 148, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1859.— G. O. Sars, Moll. Ecg. Arct. Norv., p. 39,
pi. 4, figs. 11 a, b.
This species occurred at station 894. It had not previously been ob-
tained off' tlie New England coast, but had been dredged in the Gulf of
Saint Lawrence, by Whiteaves, in 200 fathoms.
Area glacialis Gray.
G. O. Sars, op. cit., p. 43, pi. 4, figs. 1 a-c. — Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad., v,
pi. 44, fig. 5.
This species has been dredged in numerous localities by tlie various
dredging parties of the United States Fish Commission, since 1872, in
the Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine, off' Cape Cod, on George's and Le
Have Banks, and off Halifax, Nova Scotia, at various depths from 90
to 430 fathoms; about 70 to 75 miles soutli of jMartha's Vineyard, in
115 to 192 fathoms, and south of Newport, in 85 to 500 fathoms. It
attaches itself to pebbles or gravel-stones hj a small but strong ventral
byssus.
The shorter and more rounded form, known as Area pectunculoides
Scacchi, also occurs on our coast, as well as the deformed variety called
var. septentrionalis by G. O. Sars. These appear to me to be mere vari-
Proc. Nat Mus. 80 26 Jan. 1 0, 1 8 8 1 .
402 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ations of A. glaciaUs. The shortest and most rounded forms that we have
taken were dredged south of IMartha's Vineyard and south of Newport,
in 85 to 225 fathoms, this season.
Limopsis cristata (?) Jeffreys.
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1876, p. 434; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1879, p. 585,
pi. 4(3, fig. 8.
A few dead specimens, referred doubtfully to this species, occurred at
stations 865 to 807 and at 870 and 871, in 65 to 155 fathoms.
Limopsis minuta (Pliilippi).
G. O. Sars, Moll. Eeg. Arct. Norv., p. 44, pi. 3, figs. 5 a-c.
Limopsis ftoreaZiS Jeffreys, Brit. Conch., ii, p. 164; v, p. 174, pi. 100, fig. 3.
This shell was taken in abundance, living, at stations 893, 894 and 895,
in 238 to 372 fathoms ; in smaller numbers at 891 and 892, in 487 to 500
fathoms ; and sparingly at several other localities in 115 to 252 fathoms.
Modiola polita Verrill & Smith.
Amer. Journ. Sci., xx, p. 400, for Nov., 1880 (puhlished Oct. 25).
Two living specimens were taken at station 895, in 238 fiithoms.
Avicula hirundo (?) L., var. nitida, nob.
The shell is very inequivalve, the right shell being smaller and flatter,
and much bent inward near its ventral edge. The form is very oblique,
with the anterior ear small and short, in the left valve, and separated from
the body of the shell by a slight incurvature of the edge, from which a
depression runs to the beak ; right valve with a shallow byssal notch.
Posterior ala short, triangular, with a rounded incurvature of the pos-
terior edge of the shell, separating it from the body of the shell, which
is produced and rounded at the end. Surface nearly smooth, glossy,
and somewhat iridescent, with regular but inconspicuous lines of growth,
which on the anterior ears rise up into thin, wavy laraelhe.
Color translucent, pale yellowish, usually with a brown streak radi-
ating from the beak to the outer edge.
Length, beak to outer edge, 13"""; length of hinge-line, 11"""; beak to
end of posterior ala, 8'""'.
This shell was found in considerable numbers adhering to hydroids,
in Go to 192 fathoms, south of M;irtha's Vineyard (stations 865 to 867,
and 809 to 873). In form it resembles the young Avicula Mriincio of
Florida and the West Indies. It is, however, much smoother and more
lustrous than any specimens of that species which I have hitherto seen,
and may well prove to be a distinct species, for which I would, in that
case, propose the name nitida.
Limcea subovata (Jeffreys).
Lima suhovata Jeffreys, Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., Nov., 1876, p. 427.
Shell small, white, ovate, nearly equilateral, with the valves convex,
much swollen in the middle; beaks prominent, incurved; hinge-line
straight, shorter than the shell j ligament-pit narrow, elongated, lunate.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 403
Sculpture very numerous (70 to 80 or more) radiating ribs, fine later-
ally, increasing in strength on each side to the middle, where there are
two or three ribs considerably larger than the rest, with wider intervals ;
the ribs and intervals are crossed by fine, close, raised lines of growth.
Interior with radiating lines corresponding to the external ones.
Length, 4™'"; height (beak to ventral edge), 7'"'"; thickness, 4""". Sta-
tion 880, 255 fathoms, scarce; 891 to 894:, 305 to 500 fathoms, common.
Limcca (jihha { = Lima yibba Jeffreys, op. cit., p. 428) also diflers but
little from our specimens.
Pecten fenestratus Forbes (?).
Report on Mollusca, &.C., of ^geau Sea, p. 14G, in Proc. British Assoc, for 1843.
Pecten inequisculptus Tiberi (teste Jeffreys).
A small, but elegantly colored and sculptured, inequivalve Pccfew was
taken living at station 872. This I refer doubtfully to the above-named,
Mediterranean deep-water species. In our two examples the upper valve
is finely and regularly cancellated, with fine radiating and concentric
lines ; the under valve is covered with fine, raised, concentric ribs only.
Ears prominent. Color whitish and different shades of red and brown,
irregularly mottled.
Pecten, sp. (near P. opercularis).
Fragments of a large and peculiar Pecten occurred at stations 873 and
874. They closely resemble, in sculpture, the P. opercularis of Europe,
except that the large ribs are triangular and carinated at summit?
instead of rounded. These large ribs are separated by equally wide,
concave interspaces, which, like the ribs, are marked by slightly con-
cave, radiating furrows, and the surface of these furrows is covered with
thin, concentric, slightly raised, wavy plates, the waves being limited
by the fine radiating ridges between the grooves. Interior of valves
with broad, flat grooves, alternating with flat ribs of the same width.
Color grayish white, the ribs pale reddish.
List of species enumerated in the preceding article.
fOnc asterisk sipiifies that the species is an addition to the New England or North American fann.i;
two, that it is a newly discovered 8])ecies ; E = European ; G = Greenlandic ; M = middle region of
New England, or both north and south of Cape Cod; N = northern coasts of America (Cape Cod to
Labrador); s:=sonthem; o^ oceanic; P =: North Pacific. 1
Bela rugulafa (Moller).
Bcla simjylex (MiddencL).
Bela hebcs Verrill.
Plenrotoma Jgassizii V. & S.
Pleurotoma Pandioiiis V. & S.
Plenrotoma Carpcnteri V. & S.
Taranis pulclwlla V.
Tarania Morchii (Malm) Jeff.
Marfjinella roscida ? Rav.
Tritonofusus laterlceus (Mcill.)
Morch.
Xcptunea (Sipho) ccelata Verrill.
* #
Heteroteuthis tencra V.
* G. E.
* G. E.
Goiiatus amocnus (Moll.) Gray.
* p. E.
# *
CalUteuthis reversa V.
# »
* *
AllojMsus molliH V.
# #
"O.E.
Argonaut a Argo Liun^.
» *
"G.E.
Bela Pingdii (Moller).
» »
• N. E.
Bela Sarsii Verrill.
# #
* E.N.
Bcla tciiuicostata Sars.
* E.
N. E.
Bela Trevchjana (Turton).
*S.
K.
Bela cancellata (Migh.) St.
»G.E.
• N. E.
Bela impressa Morcb.
N. G. E
Bela cxarata (Moller).
* »
404 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
* K. N.
* N. G. K.
» »
N. G. E,
» #
• G. E.
N. G. E.
** N.
• P. E. N,
• G. E. N.
**M.
* E.
* N. G. E.
# #
* * N. S.
*E.
# »
# *
# #
» #
« »
* N. E.
• * N. S.
« «
# #
» *
* E. N.
*E.
*E,
E.
*E.
N. S.
# #
« »
♦ E. N.
# *
N. E.
* E.
* N. E.
N. E.
# *
* E.
* E.
N. S.
N.
# #
• R. N.
• R. N.
• E. N.
Ncpiiinea (Sipho) arata Vcmll.
Ncptunea propinqna (Alder).
Buccinum cyaneum Bnig.
Nassa nigrolahra V.
Lunatia nana (Mi311er).
Lunatia levlcula V.
Lamcllaria pcllucida V.
Marsenina jirodita Bergla.
Marsenina glabra (Coiith.) V.
Marsenina ampla Verrill.
Vclutella crijptospira (Middentl.).
Tricliotropis conica Mollcr.
Citigula harpa Verrill.
Cingula iurgida (Jeff.) V.
Cingula Jan-Mayeni (Friele) V.
Lepctella tubicola V. & S.
Lovenella Wliiteavesii Verrill.
Truncatella truncatnlits (Drap.).
Solarium horealc V. & S.
Scalaria Pourtalesii V. «& S.
Scalaria Dalliana V. & S.
Scalaria, sp.
Aeirsa gracilis Verrill.
Aclis Walleri Jeff.
Aclis striata Verrill.
Calliostoma Bairdii V. & S.
Margarita regalis V. «fe S.
Margarita lamellosa V. & S.
Margarita, sp.
Macliwroplax bella ( Verk. ) Friele.
Cgclostrema trochoides (J.) Sars.
Jssiminea Grayana Leach.
Eulima intermedia Cant.
Eulima distorta Desh.
Turbonilla nivea (Stimji.).
Turbonilla Eathbimi V. & S.
Turbonilla formosa V. & S.
Turbonilla Smithii Verrill.
Eulimclla vcntricosa (Forbes).
Odostomia (Mcnestho) sulcata V.
Odosiomia unidentatu (Mont.).
Auriculina insculpta? (Mont.) G.
O. Sars.
Diaphana nitidnla (Loy6u).
Diaphana pertenuis (Migb.) V.
Diaphana gemma V.
Diaphana conulus (Desh.).
Amphisphyra globosa Lovdn.
Amphisphyra pcllucida (Br.)
Lovdn.
Cylichna Gonldii (Conth.) V.
Philine amabilis Verrill.
Philine Finmarchica Sars.
Philine fragilis G. O. Sars.
Philine cingulata G. O. Sars.
# #
**N.
* »
**8.
**N.
N.
M.
M.
N.
E.
*N.
E.G
*
O.
#
O.
*
O.
*
o.
*
o.
*
0.
*
0.
*
o.
*
o.
*
o.
**o.
N.
N
E.
*^
'. E.
* N. E.
*
E.
*
E.
«
E.
* N. E.
* N. E.
N. E.
N. E.
*E.
* E.
# *
* *
•e.
*E.
M.
* E.
* N. 8
Plcurobrancliaia tarda V.
Dcndronotus clcgans V.
Doris complanata V.
Polyceretla Enuirfoni V.
CoryphvUa nobilis V.
Coryphella Stimpsoni V.
Facolina Bostonicnsis (Couth.) V.
& Em.
Facdina pilata (Gould) V. & Em.
Cratena Veronicas V.
Cratena gymnota (Couth.) V. «&
Em.
Tergipes despectus (Johnst.) A. &
H.
Galvinia exigua A. & H.
Acma'a rubella (Fabr.) Dall.
Atlanta Peronii (Les.).
Carinaria Atlantica Ad. & K.
Carolina longirostris (Les.).
Carolina uneinata (Gray).
Carolina injlexa (Les.) Gray.
Clio pyramidata Linu6.
Balantium recurvum Children.
Styliola acicula (Rang).
Styliola virgula (Rang).
Sjnrialis Mac Andrei Forbes &
Han.
Cymbulia calceolus V.
Halopsychc globulosa (Rang) V.
Dentalium occidentale Stiinpson.
Siphonodentalium vitreum Sars.
Siphonentalis affinis Sars.
Siphonentalis Lofotensis G. O. Sars.
Cadulus propinquus G. 0. Sars.
Cadulus Jcffreysii (Monteros.).
Cadulus Pandionis V. & S.
Poromya rotundata .Jeff.
Poromya granulata (Nyst) Forbes
&H.
Lyonsiella abyssicola Sars.
Lyonsiella gemma Verrill.
Kennerlia glacialis (Leach) Carp.
Nccera glacialis G. O. Sars.
Nccera arctica Lovdn.
Neaira obesa Lovdn {=N. pcllu-
cida St.).
Necera jugosa S. Wood.
Necera rostrata (Speng. ) Lovdn.
Neoira multicosfata V. & S.
Cardium, sp. iud.
Tellimya ferruginosa (Mont.).
Cryptodon Sarsii (Phil.).
Crypfodon obesus Verrill.
Cryptodon ferniginosus ? (Forbes).
Loripcs lens V. & S.
PKOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 405
N. E.
Astartc crenata Gray (-
-A. lens
*E.
Stimp.).
# #
*S.
Leda mica Gould.
*s.
*N. E.
Ledapernula (Miill.).
* N. E.
*E.
Toldia expansa Jeff. ?
N. E.
*N. E.
Toldia frifpda Torell.
N. G. E.
Arcu glacialis Gray.
*E.
N. E.
Area pectunculoides Scacclii.
* *
*E.
Limopsis cristata Jeff. ?
*E.
Limopsis m'mula {V\u\.).
Modiola polita V. & S.
Avicula hirundo? yar.iiifidaY,
Fecten vitreus (Gmel.) Wood.
Fecten Hoskynsi Forbes, var. puS'
tulosus V.
Fecten fenestratus Forbes?
Fecten, sp. (near opercularis).
Hmcea siibovata (Jeff. ) Monter,
PART III.— CATALOGUE OP MOLLUSCA RECENTLY ADDED TO THE
FAUNA OF SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND.
By A. E. V£RRIL.L.
The following lists include 130 species of Mollusca that have recently
been added to the fauna of Southern New England, mainly through the
researches of the dredging party of the United States Fish Commission
on the steamer " Fish Hawk". The greater portion of these, with several
others undetermined or not yet described, were taken on September 4
and 13 and October 2, on the outer bank or slope, 70 to 115 miles south
from Martha's Vineyard and Newport, R. I., in Co to 500 fathoms. For
a list of these localities see p. .
In these lists those species which were unrecorded from or entirely
new to New England or to the northeastern coast of America are indicated
by an asterisk ; previously' undescribed species by two asterisks ; those
known previously from our northern coasts have N prefixed ; those from
the middle parts of the coast have m, and are neither specially southern
nor northern ; those oceanic species belonging to the surface fauna have
o prefixed; southern forms are designated by s; those that are also
known from Europe are designated by e ; those peculiar to America
by A.
In the tables, living specimens are indicated by an asterisk; dead ones
by a dagger; m signifies many; sv, several; r, rare; I, unusually large;
j, young.
List of Mollusca from the outer hanks previously unknown south of Cape Cod,
Stations <
865
to
867
872
to
874
870
to
878
809
879
880
895
893
894
891
892
Depths in fathoms <
64
to
65
85
to
100
115
to
155
192
225
to
252
365
to
372
487
to
500
**
CEPHALOPODA.
Callitenthis reversa Verrill
*1
**
Heteroteut his tenera Verrill
*m.
*m.
*m.
*2
* 8V.
* m.
* sv.
* sv.
* SA'.
*3
* 8V.
*3
N. A.
Rossia sublcvis Verrill
*2
* sv.
*2
N. E.
Octopus Baiidii Verrill
*
* 1
Alloposus mollis Venill
* 1
•O.E.
Argonauta Argo Liune
t
\
t3
406 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
List of MoUusca previously unknown south of Cape Cot?— Continued.
Stations
N. E.
' N. E.
*N.E.
N. E.
N. E.
Depths in fathoms .
GASTROPODA.
Admote Couthouyi Jay (= A. viridula Gld.)
Plourotoma Pandionis V
Plcuioiouia Agassizii V. & S - .
Pleurotoma Carpenteri V. & S
Bela impressa Moi'ch (27 to 29 fathoms)
Bela tonuicostata Sars
Bela simplex Midd. (smooth)
Bela hebes Verrill ...
Bela violacea (Migh.) Ad. (27 to 29 fathoms)
Bela exarata (Moll.) Ad
Taranis pnlchcUa V
Taranis Morchii Sars
Marginella roscida? Rav
Neptunea decemcostata (Say^ Ad
Noptunea propinqua (Alder)
Neptuuea arata V. ifcS
Neptunea caelata V
Tritonofusus latericeus (Moll.) Morch
Nassa nigrolabra V
Anachls costulata (Cant.)
Lunatia Gronlandica (Moll.) Ad
Lunatia nana (Moll.) (27 to 29 fathoms)
Lunatia levicnla V. (27 to 29 fathoms)
Lamellaria pellucida V
Cingula Jan-Maycni (Frielo) V
(Diniiula caiinata Migh
Cingula haqja V
Cingula turgida (Jeff.)
Lovenella Whiteavesii VerriU
Apoirhais occidentalis Beck
Torellia ves'^ita Jeff
Lepetella tubicola V. & S
Acmaea rubella (Fabr.)
Scalaria Ualliana V. & S
Scalaria Pourtalesii V. & S
Scalaria (sp. ind.)
Acirsa gracilis V
Solarium borealo V. & S
Aclis stiiataV
Aclis Walleri J
Callioatoma occidentals (Migh.)
Calliostoma Bairdii V. & S
Margaiita regalia V. & S
Margarita lainellosa V. & S
('yclostrenia trochoides (J.)
Puncturella noachina (L.) Lowe
Eulima intermedia Cantr
Eulima distora Desh
Tui bonilla ni vea (St.) Ad
Turbonilla Rathbuni V. & S
Turbouilla formosa V. <fc. S
Turbonilla Smithu V
Odostomia sulcata V
Odostoniia unideutata (Slont.)
Auriculina insculpta? (Mont.) Sars
Eulimella ventricosa Forbes
Ritigicula nitida V
Scaphander piincto-striata (Migh.) Ad
Philino Finmarchica Sara
Philine cingnlata Sars
Philino amabilis V
Amphispbyra globosa Lov6n
Amphisphyra pellucida (Brown) Loven
Diaphana gemma V
Diaphana conulns (Desh.) V
Diaphana nitidula (Lov.)
Diaphana pertenuis (Mighels)
Cylichna occulta (Migh.) Ad
Pleurobranchpea tarda V. (27 fathoms)
Doris coniplanata V
Carinaria Atlantica Ad. & R
865
to
867
872
to
874
85
to
100
f 1
tl
t
t 8V.
\ SV.
tl
870
to
878
115
to
155
t SV.
*1
1 SV.
t
tl
tl
*t
*1
tsv.
tl
' SV.
tl
* SV.
t SV.
192
879
880
895
225
to
252
tl
'm.
SV.
tsv.
t2
*t
tl
tl
tl
t4
t2
tl
*m.
*1
SV.
t SV.
PEOCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 407
List of MoUusca previously unlnown south of Cape Cod — Continued.
Stations <
865
to
867
872
to
874
870
to
878
869
879
880
805
893
894
891
892
Depths in fathoms ?
64
to
65
85
to
100
115
to
155
192
225
to
252
365
to
372
487
to
500
PTEROPODA.
Cvmbulia calceolns V
t2
t sv.
* m.
t sv.
t sv.
*2
f 1
* o.
Cavulina uiieinata (D'Orb ) Gray
t2
tl
*■ 0.
Cavolina loiiLjiiostris (Lea.)
tsv.
1 1
* o.
Cavolina infli'-xa (Les.) Gray
' o.
Clio pvraruidata Linnfi
tl
tl
t2
t2
* o.
Balantium lecuivum Children
tl
* sv.
* o.
Spinalis Mac^ ndiei Forbes
*t
t3
* sv.
tsv.
t2
tsv.
*m.
tsv.
tl
V. E.
SOLENOCONCHA.
DentaliumocciaentaleStimp.(=D.abyssornmSars)
Dentalium (.slender var)
t2
* sv.
**
Cadulus Paudionis V. & S
* sv.
* m.
* m.
* sv.
* sv.
* E.
Cadiilus Jeflreysii (Monteros.)
* E.
Cadulus pt-opinquus G. 0. Sars
V. E.
Siphonodenf alium vitreum Sars
1 1
" N. E.
Siphonentalis Lofotensis Sars
t 2
f. E.
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Saxicava ITorvegica (Speng.) "Woodw
t
t
t
\-. E.
Cyrtodaria siliqua (Spcng.) Woodw
t
*1
*2
* sv.
'N. E.
I'oroniya granulata (Nvst) F. & Han
N. E.
Poromya rotundata. Jeff
* m.
*1
*m.
>r. E.
Ncsera obesa Lov6n (— N. pollucida St.)
*1
* sv.
* sv.
*m.
* sv.
* sv.
* sv.
*m.
* sv.
*2
*
V. E.
Neasra arct ica Loveu
N.E.
Neiera glacial is G. O. Sars
*2
t
E.
NeiBra rostrata (Speng.) Lov6n
* sv.
* sv.
E.
Nea?ra jugosa S. Wood
**
Neasra multicostata V. & S
Lyonsiella abyssicola Sars
* sv.
* sv.
E.
* 2
*1
* sv.
* sv,
tl
**
Lyonsiella gemma V
N.E.
Kennerlia clacialis (Leach.) Carp
■'■2
■. E.
Cardium Islandicum Liuuo
t sv.
*■<
Cardinm, sp.n. (cancellated)
tl
*m.
* m.
* sv.
* N.
Loripes lens V. & S
tm.
*m.
tl
E.
Cryptodon feriuginosus (Forbes)
* sv.
* sv.
'" m.
* sv.
* m.
* sv.
E.
-. E.
'. E.
Tellimya ferruginosa (Mont.)
Astai te crenata Gray (= A. lens St., var.)
Nucula delphinodonta Mighels
*m.
'*m.'
* sv.
"■■ sv.
* sv.
*m.
*1
* sv.
* sv.
* 3V.
*1
E.
r. E.
Ydldia expausa Jeff. (?)
Yoldia lucida Lov6n
"*2'
N.E.
Toldia frigida Torell
N.
Yoldia thraciformis (Storer) Stimp
tl
■^ m.
t3
* sv.
* m.
* m.
* sv.
S.
Leda unca Gld
t sv.
tl
*m.
E.
Limopsis cristata Jeff. ?
E.
Limopsis minuta (Phil.)
* m.
* m.
*m.
*m.
*m.
* sv.
*3
. E.
Area glacialis Gray
*m.
*m.
. E.
Area pectunculoides Sc. (? var. of last)
. E.
Area, var. septentrionalis
""
ilodiola polita V. & S
*2
. E.
Crenella decussata (Mont.) Macg
*r.
* r.
. E.
Dacrydium vitreum (Miill.) Torell ...
*m.
*m.
6.
Avicnla birnndo? vnr. nitida V
* m.
* 2
tr.
*2
*1
. E.
Pecten Islandicus Miiller
Pecten (near opercularis)
t
t sv.
N.E.
Pecten vitreiis (Gmel.) Wood
* r.
* sv.
* m.
*m.
* r.
N.E.
Pecten vitreus, var. abyssorum
. E.
Pecten Hoskyusi Forbes, var. pustulosus V. . . .
*1
*1
E.
Pecten fenestratus Forbes ? = inequisculptus Tib
Limaea subo vata (Jeff. ) Monteros
"1
E.
*1
*m.
*m.
* sv.
. E.
BRACHIOPODA.
Terebratulina septentrionalis (Couth.) (789 sv.). ..
*1
408 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Lwt of Moll usca from the outer lanlcs jircviovftly Icnown from the shallow waters south of
Cape Cod,
Stations
Depths in fathoms .
CEPHALOPODA.
Ommastrephes illecebrosa (Les.) V .
. GASTROPODA.
Bela p.yramidalis (Strom)
Bucciuum unilat am Linn6 .
Neptunea Stimpsoni (Mbrch)
Siphonella pygmiea (Gld.) V
Tiitia trivifctata (Say) Ad
Astyris rosacea (G1<1.) Ad
Astyiis zoualis (Lius.) V
Natica clausa Biod. & Sowerby
N evei'ita duplicata (Say) Stimp
Lunatia hcios, var. (wide umb.)
Bunatia hcios, var. triseriata (Say)
Crucihulum striatum (Say) Ad
Cie]>idula ])laua Say
Maclia-i(>iil.ix nhscura (Couth.) Friele .
Turbduilla iutcnitpta ? Ad
Philino (juaihata (Wood) Forb. & Han
Cylichna alba (Brown) Lov6n
Dendiouotus robustus V
PTEEOPODA,
Cavolina tridentata Gray.
Diacria trispinosa Gray..
SOLEXOCONCHA.
K. E. Dentalium striolatnm Stimp
L AMELLIBE ANCHI AT A.
Teredo megotara Hanley
Ensatella Americana (Gld.) Y ... .
Clidiophora trilineata (Say) Carp ..
Periploma papyracea (Say) V
Thracia Conraili Couth
Spisula solidisaima ? Gray
Ceronia arctata (Con.) Ad
Maconia sabulosa (Speng.) Morch
Cyprina Islandica (Linn6) Lam . . .
Callista convesa (Say) Ad
Cardium pinnulatum Conrad
Lucina lilosa Stimp
Cryptodon Gouldii (Phil.) Stimp - ■
Cryptodon obesus V
Solcmya velum Say
Venericardia borealis (Con.) Carp.
Astarte castanea Say
Astaito quadrans Gld
A.starte undata Gld
Nucula proxima Say
Toldia sapotilla (Gld.) Stimp
Modiola modiolus (Linn6) Turton.
Crenella glandula (Totten) Ad
Pecten tenuicostatus Migh
Anomia aculeata Miill
865
to
867
t2
tl
872
to
874
85
to
100
tl
tm.
*1
tl
tl
tl
13
tl
t sv.
tl
t sv.
tm.
t sv.
tm.
870
to
878
115
to
155
t sv.
*2
12
t sv.
tl
tl
t
t
t
t sv.
tl
"m.
* m.
t sv.
t 1
t sv.
t3
tl
tl
tl
879
880
895
*1
't2
tl
tm.
t
tl
* sv.
tsv.
t sv,
t sv.
* sv.
tm.
tl
t sv.
t .sv.
225
to
252
893
894
365
to
372
891
892
48r
to
500
tl
12
t m.
It
t sv.
t
tsv.
tm.
t sv.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 409
List of recent additions to shallow-water Mollusca of Southern New
England.*
Parasira catenulata Steenstrup. Oceanic. Mediterranean.
*Truncatula truncatulus (Drap.). Littoral. European.
Littorina littorea. Littoral ; abundant. European.
*Assiminea Grayana Leach. Littoral. European.
Ancula cristata Loven. Northern and European.
** Polycerella Emertoni Verrill. Littoral.
Scylloia Edwardsii Verrill. Littoral. Southern and oceanic.
Coryphella Mananensis (Stimp.) Verrill. Oif Race Point, Long Island
Sound, 40 fathoms.
Stiliger fuscata, (Gld.) Bergh. Massachusetts Bay.
Terebratulina septentrionalis (Couth.). Ofl' Block Island, 15 fathoms.
Northern.
DESCRSPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPECIES OF IVEMICHTMl'S (NEMICMTHYS
AVOCETTA), FRO.U PUGET SOUiVO.
By BATID S. JORDAIV and CHARLES H. OBLBI^RT.
Nemichthys avocetta, sp. nov.
Color translucent white, the lower half of the body covered with
small, round, black spots, sharply defined ; among these some smaller
spots. Belly near the median line black. Upper half of body plain,
colorless. Pectorals and dorsal plain. Anal speckled.
Body band-shaped, but not strongly compressed; deepest in the
middle, tapering behind to the long and very slender filament-like tail,
and anteriorly to a very long and slender neck, which contracts imme-
diately behind the head. Skin smooth. No lateral line.
Head proper small, short and rather broad; concave between the
eyes, with two median ridges; full and broad behind the eyes, with
thtee longitudinal ridges. Lower part of head narrow, sharp, so that
the head would be triangular in a vertical section. Eye very large,
vertically placed, its length one-third that of the head without snout.
Nostrils each simple (two on each side), rather large, close in front of
eye, without tube or flap. Maxillary extending to close behind the eye,
the mandible somewhat farther. Jaws prolonged, becoming very slen-
der, long, acuminate, needle like at tip, somewhat recurved. Upper jaw
the longer, and nearly four times the length of the rest of the head,
being 7-8 times its greatest depth. Both jaws with small, very numer-
* Some of the species here included were discovered in 1875 and 1876, and have been
recorded in the Amcricau Journal of Science. Tliose with an asterisk prefixed were
first discovered on our coast this season, or else have not been previously recorded.
For additional species, not included in my Report on luvertebrates of Vineyard Sound,
&c., 1873, see American Journal of Science, x, pp, 40, 41, July, 1876.
410 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
ous, retrorse, close-set, sharp teeth. Jaws bony, their lateral surfaces
with retrorse roughnesses. Head naked, covered with skin.
Gill-openings rather large, oblique, running downward and forward,
separated by a rather narrow isthmus. Pectorals well developed, half
longer than eye. 'No ventrals. Vent under middle of the length of the
pectorals (when depressed) ; the anal fin beginning close behind it and
extending to the tail; its rays soft and rather slender; the membrane
delicate; its height greatest near the middle and anteriorly, where it is
somewhat less than height of body, becoming obsolete on the long cau-
dal filament. Dorsal similar to anal, but lower, beginning close behind
the occiput and running to the tail.
TaMe of measurements.
lOOths
of
length.
Extreme length
Body:
iGreatest depth...
Depth at neck . . .
Head :
Greatest length. .
Greatest depth
Length of snout .
Diameter of orbit
Anal :
Greatest height. . .
Pectoral :
Length
100
1.6
.8
10
1.2
7.0
1
1.3
1.5
The specimen whicli is the type of the present description was taken
in May, 1880, in the harbor of Port Gamble, and was placed by its cap-
tor in the museum of the University of Washington Territory, at Seattle.
The president of the university. Prof. A. J. Anderson, presented it to
the United States National Museum. Its movements in the water are
said to be extremely active.
Fishes of this type offer comparatively few specific characters, and we
are able to separate this species from WemichtJiys scolopaceus Eich. of the
Atlantic by differences in proportion only. According to the detailed
description and figure of the latter species given by Lowe and Brandt
{Leptorhynchus or Belonopsis leuchtenhergl, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. Sav.
Iiltrang., 1854, vii, 171-174), Nemichthys avocctta is distinguished by the
much slenderer head, longer beak, and higher anal fin, the greatest
height of the latter being nearly equal to the length of the pectoral
and more than the depth of the head. So far as known to us, this is
the first species of the genus thus far taken in the Pacific. A recent
newspaper account of the capture of a sea-serpent at Victoria, British
Columbia, perhaps refers to a second example of the same species,
Seattle, Wash., June 10, 1880.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 411
DESCKIPTIOIV OF A IVEW SPECffES OF l»ARAIiEIPIS (PARAl EPI9
t'ORttJSCAIVS), E.<'K®]TI TBIE STKAITS ©F JUAIV DE FUCJA.
By ©AVID S. JOMI>A]¥ asad CHARLES II. GILBERT,
Paralepis coruscans, sp. uov.
Allied to P. horcaUs Eeinli.
Head and body very elongate, compressed, almost ribbon-shaped, of
uniform width throughout, and preserving its depth forwards to occiput
and backwards to origin of dorsal fin. From the insertion of the dorsal
the body is gradually narrowed to the very slender caudal iieduncle, the
base of anterior portion of anal projecting much beyond the ventral out-
line.
Abdomen compressed, subtrcnchant.
Head long, wedge-shaped, its upper and lower outlines equally ob-
lique. Snout very long and sharp, equaling half the length of the head,
its tip on a line with the axis of the body. Eye large, its diameter one-
third the length of the snout, placed high, with its upper margin on a
level with the top of the head.
Head shaped somewhat as in Sphyrwna. Jaws equal; gape very
wide; maxillar^^ reaching the vertical from the nostril ; mandibular joint
reaching the vertical from the anterior margin of the pupil.
Mandible closing inside the margins of the upper jaw, the latter being
transversely much arched to receive it; tip of mandible fitting into an
emargiuation between the iutermaxillaries.
None of the teeth very large or fang-like. Iutermaxillaries laterally
with a single series of exceedingly minute teeth (as in UngrauUs) ; anteri-
orly, however, on each side is a series of 4 or 5 rather long acicular teeth ;
the entire intermaxillary series is outside of the mandible in the closed
mouth. Vomer with minute teeth. Palatine series long; the anterior
teeth long and slender; the jiosierior short. Mandibular series working
against the palatines; the teeth slender, distant, of different lengths.
Branches of the lower jaw transversely deeply concave. Maxillary
^nd intermaxillary slender, intimately connected, sliding under a fold
of the skin.
All the bones of the head very thin, flexible, membrane-like. Pre-
oibital long, very narrow, arched, extending forwards from orbit, reach-
ing maxillary midway of its length. Suborbital chain likewise narrow.
Head with numerous sharp ridges; two forwards from the o 
