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BOSTON  PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


3  9999  05708  7304 


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Smithsonian  yiar 


1976 


Smithsonian  Year  - 1976 


Dramatic  Bicentennial  display  of  fireworks  on  the  Mall,  July  4,  1976. 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 


REPORT  OF  THE 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

FOR  THE  PERIOD 

JULY  1,  1975,  THROUGH 

SEPTEMBER  30,  1976 


Smithsonian  Institution  Press  •  City  of  Washington  •  1977 


Smithsonian  Publication  6399 


Library  of  Congress  Catalog  Card  Number  67-7980 


For  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office 

Washington,  D.C.,  20402 — Price  $6.80   (paper  cover) 

Stock  Number:  047-000-00345-8 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 


THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 


The  Smithsonian  Institution  was  created  by  act  of  Congress  in  1846 
in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  will  of  James  Smithson  of  Eng- 
land, who  in  1826  bequeathed  his  property  to  the  United  States  of 
America  "to  found  at  Washington,  under  the  name  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  an  establishment  for  the  increase  and  diffusion 
of  knowledge  among  men."  After  receiving  the  property  and  ac- 
cepting the  trust,  Congress  incorporated  the  Institution  in  an  "estab- 
lishment," whose  statutory  members  are  the  President,  the  Vice 
President,  the  Chief  Justice,  and  the  heads  of  the  executive  depart- 
ments, and  vested  responsibility  for  administering  the  trust  in  the 
Smithsonian  Board  of  Regents. 


THE  ESTABLISHMENT 

Gerald  R.  Ford,  President  of  the  United  States 

Nelson  A.  Rockefeller,  Vice  President  of  the  United  States 

Warren  E.  Burger,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 

Henry  A.  Kissinger,  Secretary  of  State 

William  E.  Simon,  Secretary  of  Treasury 

Donald  H.  Rumsfeld,  Secretary  of  Defense 

Edward  H.  Levi,  Attorney  General 

Thomas  S.  Kleppe,  Secretary  of  Interior 

Earl  L.  Butz,  Secretary  of  Agriculture 

Elliot  H.  Richardson,  Secretary  of  Commerce 

W.  J.  Usery,  Secretary  of  Labor 

F.  David  Matthews,  Secretary  of  Health,  Education  and  Welfare 

Carla  A.  Hills,  Secretary  of  Housing  and  Urban  Development 

William  T.  Coleman,  Jr.,  Secretary  of  Transportation 


Board  of  Regents  and  Secretary  •  September  30,  1976 


REGENTS  OF  THE 
INSTITUTION 


Warren  E.  Burger,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  Chancellor 

Nelson  A.  Rockefeller,  Vice  President  of  the  United  States 

Frank  E.  Moss,  Member  of  the  Senate 

Henry  M.  Jackson,  Member  of  the  Senate 

Hugh  Scott,  Member  of  the  Senate 

George  H.  Mahon,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

Elford  A.  Cederberg,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

Sidney  R.  Yates,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

John  Paul  Austin,  citizen  of  Georgia 

John  Nicholas  Brown,  citizen  of  Rhode  Island 

William  A.  M.  Burden,  citizen  of  New  York 

Murray  Gell-Mann,  citizen  of  California 

Robert  F.  Goheen,  citizen  of  New  Jersey 

Caryl  P.  Haskins,  citizen  of  Washington,  D.C. 

A.  Leon  Higginbotham,  Jr.,  citizen  of  Pennsylvania 

Thomas  J.  Watson,  Jr.,  citizen  of  Connecticut 

James  E.  Webb,  citizen  of  Washington,  D.C. 


EXECUTIVE 
COMMITTEE 


Warren  E.  Burger,  Chancellor  (Board  of  Regents) 

William  A.  M.  Burden 

Caryl  P.  Haskins 

James  E.  Webb  (Chairman) 


THE  SECRETARY 


S.  Dillon  Ripley 


ASSISTANT 
SECRETARIES 


TREASURER 
GENERAL  COUNSEL 
SUPPORT  ACTIVITIES 


David  Challinor,  Assistant  Secretary  for  Science 
Charles  Blitzer,  Assistant  Secretary  for  History  and  Art 
Paul  N.  Perrot,  Assistant  Secretary  for  Museum  Programs 
Julian  T.  Euell,  Assistant  Secretary  for  Public  Service 
John  F.  Jameson,  Assistant  Secretary  for  Administration 
T.  Ames  Wheeler 
Peter  G.  Powers 
Richard  L.  Ault,  Director 


VI 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 
CONTENTS 


page  v  THE  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION 

vi  BOARD  OF  REGENTS  AND  SECRETARY 

3  STATEMENT  BY  THE  SECRETARY 

29  FINANCIAL  REPORT 

65  SCIENCE 

66  Center  for  the  Study  of  Man 

72  Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies 

79  Fort  Pierce  Bureau 

81  National  Air  and  Space  Museum 

97  National  Museum  of  Natural  History 

121  National  Zoological  Park 

131  Office  of  International  Programs 

132  Radiation  Biology  Laboratory 

142  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory 

159  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange,  Inc. 

161  Smithsonian  Tropical  Research  Institute 

169  HISTORY  AND  ART 

170  Archives  of  American  Art 

173  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  of  Decorative  Arts  and  Design 

175  Freer  Gallery  of  Art 

178  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 

186  Joseph  Henry  Papers 

187  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

193  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 

207  National  Portrait  Gallery 

211  Office  of  Academic  Studies 

214  Office  of  American  Studies 

217  MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 

223  Conservation- Analytical  Laboratory 

225  National  Museum  Act  Program 


vu 


228  Office  of  Exhibits  Central 

229  Office  of  Horticulture 

233  Office  of  Museum  Programs 

235  Office  of  the  Registrar 

236  Smithsonian  Institution  Archives 

237  Smithsonian  Institution  Libraries 

240  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 

245  PUBLIC  SERVICE 

248  Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum 

250  Division  of  Performing  Arts 

254  International  Exchange  Service 

255  Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education 
257  Office  of  Public  Affairs 

259  Office  of  Smithsonian  Symposia  and  Seminars 

260  Reading  Is  Fundamental,  Inc. 

261  Smithsonian  Associates 

269  Smithsonian  Institution  Press 

271  Smithsonian  Magazine 

273  ADMINISTRATION 

277  WOODROW  WILSON  INTERNATIONAL  CENTER  FOR 
SCHOLARS 

285  IOHN  F.  KENNEDY  CENTER  FOR  THE  PERFORMING  ARTS 

299  NATIONAL  GALLERY  OF  ART 

305  APPENDICES 


vm 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 


STATEMENT  BY  THE  SECRETARY 


The  Smithsonian's  new  Victorian  Garden. 


The  Attic  Refurbished 


S.  DILLON  RIPLEY 


This  is  the  year  of  the  Bicentennial,  and  this  Institution  can  take 
pride  in  its  accomplishments  after  nearly  ten  years  of  preparation. 
It  is  a  year  in  which  a  new  Smithsonian  museum,  newly  opened  on 
July  1,  1976,  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  played  host  to 
two  million  visitors  in  its  first  forty-nine  days  of  existence,  surely  a 
record  of  some  kind.  It  is  a  year  in  which  we  successfully  looked 
backwards  to  a  hundred  years  ago,  with  the  opening  of  "1876:  A 
Centennial  Exhibition,"  a  simulacrum  of  the  great  Philadelphia 
Centennial  Exposition,  using  the  same  materials,  and  displaying 
them  in  the  building  on  the  Mall  originally  built  to  house  the  forty- 
two  carloads  of  material  given  to  the  Smithsonian  at  the  time  the 
Philadelphia  exposition  closed.  After  a  year  and  a  half  of  the  most 
painstaking  restoration  and  refurbishing,  that  exhibit  opened  on 
May  10,  1976,  one  hundred  years  to  the  day  from  the  opening  in 
Fairmount  Park,  complete  with  carriages,  prayers,  the  Hallelujah 
Chorus,  release  of  pigeons,  and  the  John  Philip  Sousa  music  com- 
posed for  the  occasion.  Each  of  these  great  exhibits,  the  one  cele- 
brating the  achievements  of  America's  first  hundred  years,  the  other 
celebrating  the  triumphs  of  American  technology  of  our  second  hun- 
dred years,  creates  an  atmosphere  of  excitement,  of  sheer  pleasure, 
and  of  enthusiasm  which  is  contagious. 

Nor  were  these  all.  The  rest  of  the  Smithsonian  celebrated  alike, 
each  museum  or  bureau  with  a  triumphant  series  of  exhibitions,  the 
best  Festival  of  American  Folklife  ever,  and  a  marvelous  array  of 
traveling  exhibits,  portfolios,  courses,  lectures,  and  visiting  smaller 
exhibits  of  exquisite  beauty  and  rarity.  Truly  the  Bicentennial  year 
has  been  a  triumph  for  collections,  the  justification  of  all  that  has 


gone  before.  These  magnificent  exhibitions  remind  us  of  our  na- 
tional esprit,  and  of  our  special  human  qualities — innate  curiosity 
combined  with  memory,  and  the  insatiable  will  to  discover. 

And  the  people  came.  Several  years  ago  we  predicted  that  there 
would  be  a  vast  turnout  of  visitors  during  the  Bicentennial  summer. 
Perhaps  the  expectations  of  the  business  bureaux  were  overly 
aroused,  for  the  final  city  figures  and  those  of  hotels,  motels,  and  so 
on,  have  been  lower  than  expected  this  spring,  right  up  and  down 
the  East  Coast.  But  the  Smithsonian  visitation,  after  a  rather  slow 
start,  has  been  picking  up  steadily  since  the  glorious  Fourth,  and 
indeed  that  last  week  of  July  and  the  first  week  of  August,  for  ex- 
ample, our  visitors  were  up  a  full  20  percent  over  the  year  before. 
We  are  conducting  a  study  to  determine  who  they  are,  and  why 
and  where  they  are  staying.  In  any  case,  it  appears  likely  that 
earlier  news  reports  of  light  visits  to  Washington  in  the  spring  pro- 
duced more  tourists  later,  as  well  as  a  different  manner  of  coming, 
hard  for  the  business  or  other  count-takers  to  assess;  namely,  the 
use  of  campers,  trailers,  or  backpacks  by  many  people  who  may  just 
come  by  for  a  day,  and  camp  out  of  town  somewhere  at  night,  even 
bringing  their  own  food.  The  National  Park  Service  seems  to  agree 
with  us  that  visiting  was  heavy,  but  the  manner  of  visits  has 
changed. 

But  the  visitors  have  written  in;  witness  this  visitor  from  South 
Carolina: 

"Dear  Sirs, 

I  must  take  this  opportunity  to  say  'Thank  you'  for  your 
part  in  making  this  a  wonderful  vacation  to  your  city. 

People  like  you,  proved  all  the  'wild  tales'  I'd  been  told 
were  false. 

The  week  I  spent  in  Washington,  'The  days  at  the  Smith- 
sonian' will  be  a  memory  I'll  cherish. 

I  hope  to  return  in  the  near  future. 
God  Bless — 

Sincerely" 

Certainly  this  Institution  is  proud  to  be  part  of  Washington,  and 
proud  too  to  have  the  great  collections  which  make  us  the  "Magnet 
on  the  Mall."  The  collections  are  as  much  a  part  of  the  Smithsonian 
as  any  other.  In  the  original  Act  of  Congress  of  1846  occur  the 


4  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


words:  "All  objects  of  art  and  of  foreign  and  curious  research,  and 
all  objects  of  natural  history,  plants,  and  geological  and  mineralogi- 
cal  specimens  belonging,  or  hereafter  to  belong,  to  the  United  States 
.  .  .  shall  be  delivered  .  .  .  and  shall  be  arranged  in  such  order,  and 
so  classed,  as  best  to  facilitate  the  examination  and  study  of  them, 
in  the  building  ...  for  the  Institution."  By  1857,  it  had  been  defi- 
nitely settled  that  Congress  would  make  the  necessary  appropria- 
tions for  the  museum's  maintenance.  As  Paul  Oehser  in  his  book1 
on  the  Smithsonian  has  written,  and  as  the  early  Annual  Reports  of 
the  Institution  amply  demonstrate,  Joseph  Henry,  the  first  Secretary, 
".  .  .  would  rather  have  seen  the  museum  separate  from  the  Smith- 
sonian. He  did  not  relish  the  idea  of  having  to  depend  on  annual 
Government  appropriation  for  Smithsonian  activities.  It  would,  he 
thought,  'annually  bring  the  Institution  before  Congress  as  a  sup- 
plicant for  government  patronage,  and  ultimately  subject  it  to  politi- 
cal influence  and  control.'  He  wanted  the  Institution  to  'mingle  its 
operations  as  little  as  possible  with  those  of  the  general  govern- 
ment. .  .  .'  "  But  that  was  not  to  be,  for  under  the  original  Act  as 
quoted  above,  the  Smithsonian  was  specifically  charged  with  the 
museum  collections  function,  and  so  by  1858  an  appropriation  of 
$4,000  was  made  for  the  arrangement  and  care  of  the  national  col- 
lections, and  appropriations  in  increasing  amounts,  as  the  collections 
and  the  visitation  (and  inflation)  have  increased,  have  continued 
ever  since. 

By  1877,  it  was  obvious — the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Exposition 
(in  which  the  Smithsonian  had  played  a  leading  part  in  arranging 
the  Government  exhibitions)  having  resulted  in  a  shower  of  gifts  to 
the  Institution — that  additional  space  must  be  secured.  This  was  the 
genesis  of  the  Institution's  second  building,  the  Arts  and  Industries 
Building,  so-called,  which  we  reopened  in  Centennial  style.  As  the 
Regents  of  the  time  proposed  to  the  Senate,  it  would  be  necessary 
for  the  nation  to  pay  for  the  maintenance,  care,  and  upkeep  of  these 
national  collections.  So  Senator  Hiester  Clymer  averred,  introducing 
the  bill  for  the  appropriation  of  construction  funds  for  the  new 
building:  "It  may  not  be  disputed  that  the  acceptance  of  them  (the 
gifts)  by  the  Government  imposes  an  obligation  that  they  shall  be 


1  Sons  of  Science,  page  67  (New  York,  N.Y. :  H.  Schuman,  1949). 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  5 


preserved  and  exhibited  for  the  gratification  and  instruction  of  the 
people.  .  .  ." 

Public  instruction  has  been  the  cornerstone  of  the  policy  of  every 
generation  of  Regents  and  Secretary  alike  in  this  Institution.  For  the 
purposes  of  public  instruction,  the  need  for  continuing  federal  sup- 
port is  clear,  whether  the  means  adopted  be  exhibits,  traveling  ex- 
hibits, publications  ranging  from  guidebooks  to  encyclopedias  of 
knowledge,  or  kindred  forms  of  diffusion. 

Similar  sentiments  were  expressed  in  Congress,  and  by  President 
Theodore  Roosevelt  in  1905,  when  Charles  Lang  Freer  indicated  that 
he  would  give  his  collections  and  funds  for  a  building  to  be  part  of 
the  national  heritage.  Roosevelt  writing  to  the  Board  of  Regents 
urged  the  gift  upon  them: 

"All  that  is  asked  of  the  government  or  the  Regents  of  the 
Smithsonian  now  is  that  they  shall  accept  this  magnificently 
generous  offer.  .  .  .  Congress  will  have  to  take  some  steps  to 
provide  the  comparatively  small  sum  necessary  to  take  care  of 
what  will  be  a  national  asset.  ...  I  hope  the  Regents  will  feel 
warrented  [sic]  to  close  with  the  offer;  for  they  are  the  na- 
tional guardians  of  such  a  collection." 

Congress  in  subsequent  years  has  often  reaffirmed  this  principle, 
as  in  the  Act  of  May  17,  1938,  describing  the  purposes  of  the  Na- 
tional Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

" .  .  .  (a)  It  shall  be  the  policy  of  the  Regents  to  maintain  a 
worthy  standard  for  the  acceptance  of  art  objects  for  exhibition 
in  the  Gallery  .  .  .  and  the  Regents  are  hereby  authorized  to 
solicit  and  receive  private  donations  of  works  of  art  and  con- 
tributions of  funds  from  private  sources  for  the  purchase  of 
works  of  art.  .  .  . 

".  .  .  (b)  In  order  to  encourage  the  development  of  con- 
temporary art  and  effect  the  widest  distribution  and  cultivation 
in  matters  of  such  art,  the  Regents  are  hereby  authorized  to 
solicit  and  receive  funds  from  private  sources,  to  acquire  (by 
purchase  or  otherwise)  and  sell  contemporary  works  of  art  or 
copies  thereof,  to  employ  .  .  .  artists.  .  .  ." 

Statements  such  as  these  continue  over  the  years:  in  1946  (estab- 
lishment of  the  National  Air  Museum,  Public  Law  722);  in  1962 


6  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


(establishment  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  Public  Law  443); 
and  all  echo  the  words  of  Joseph  Henry  when  in  1855  he  stated: 
"The  principal  aim,  therefore,  in  taking  charge  of  all  the  specimens 
(of  every  kind)  is  not  to  swell  the  Smithsonian  collection,  but  to  pre- 
serve them  from  destruction,  and  to  render  them  immediately  avail- 
able," (and  here  he  writes  of  everything  from  natural  history  speci- 
mens to  "a  valuable  collection  of  engravings  by  the  first  masters" 
[italics  mine] — who  were  they,  I  wonder,  for  these  were  presumably 
lost  in  the  fire  ten  years  later?).  And  Henry  goes  on,  ".  .  .  with  the 
hope  that  Congress  will,  at  some  future  day,  make  a  liberal  appro- 
priation to  support  a  national  collection." 

And  so  it  has  proved,  for  Congress  has  indeed  taken  the  Smith- 
sonian most  seriously,  as  a  special  trust  responsibility  to  which  it 
pledged  "the  faith  of  the  United  States"  in  1836,  and  has  been 
generous  in  its  stated  purposes  to  improve  and  protect  the  national 
collections. 

Congress  now  appropriates  about  one  hundred  million  dollars  a 
year  to  maintain  collections,  to  provide  for  their  study  and  display, 
and  to  support  other  operations  of  the  Institution.  A  much  appre- 
ciated and  generous  figure  indeed,  but  one  which  deserves  a  brief 
assessment.  It  is  my  suspicion  that  the  collections  of  scientific  mate- 
rials, art  objects,  books,  and  historical  materials  amassed  by  the 
Institution  over  the  years,  while  obviously  priceless  to  the  nation  in 
general  terms,  could  be  valued  to  surpass  Mr.  Smithson's  original 
seed  money  of  somewhat  over  $500,000  by  a  factor  of  at  least  ten 
thousand,  or  something  between  five  and  six  billion  dollars.  If  the 
annual  interest  on  such  a  vast  sum  were  to  be  reckoned  as  the  appro- 
priate amount  to  be  made  available  for  collections  maintenance  and 
operations,  it  would  be  seen  that  our  current  levels  of  funds  repre- 
sent about  a  third  of  what  could  prudently  be  spent  without  exceed- 
ing our  income. 

In  this  connection  it  has  always  been  hoped  that  a  "liberal  dis- 
tribution of  the  duplicate  specimens  should  be  made  to  societies  and 
other  establishments  in  this  country  and  abroad"  (quoting  Henry's 
Ninth  Annual  Report,  page  25,  1855).  Although  Secretary  Spencer 
Baird,  who  followed  Henry,  attempted  to  furnish  materials  to  a 
number  of  early  scientific  societies  in  this  country,  the  later  de- 
velopment of  scientific  methods  requiring  series  of  duplicate  speci- 
mens for  certain  studies  somewhat  cramped  the  fulfillment  of  this 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  7 


ideal  concept.  As  a  result,  the  Smithsonian  has  never  been  able 
freely  to  open  up  its  "riches"  and  lavishly  distribute  duplicates  to 
kindred  museums.  Sensible  exchanges,  trade-offs,  and  deposits,  par- 
ticularly in  the  scientific  fields,  but  also  in  the  art  field  are  sometimes 
made,  but  always  with  committee  or  commission  approvals,  and 
sometimes  with  specific  scrutiny  by  the  Regents  according  to  a  set 
of  rules  adopted  by  the  Board. 

It  has  always  seemed  sad  that  objects  of  great  importance  or  ex- 
hibit potential  were  not  more  plentiful,  for  every  year  the  Institution 
is  petitioned  to  start  a  satellite  museum  here  or  there  in  the  country 
at  large.  But  there  are  simply  not  enough  objects  of  exhibit  quality 
to  go  round  to  develop  a  collection  of  subsidiary  museums.  That  is 
partly  why  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 
has  come  into  its  own,  as  a  source  of  surrogate  exhibitions  which  can 
be  shared  across  the  fifty  States,  and  enjoyed  by  additional  millions 
of  viewers.  And  this  Bicentennial  year  has  been  a  notable  one  for 
our  Service,  with  200  exhibitions  traveling  to  forty-eight  States. 
Dennis  Gould,  our  Director,  deserves  great  credit  for  his  persistence, 
and  the  ability  of  his  organization  to  deliver  on  time.  We  estimate 
that  these  exhibitions  alone  have  been  seen  by  over  eight  million 
people  in  this  past  year. 

Even  so,  the  collections  continue  to  mount  in  number,  and  de- 
mands for  space  proliferate.  As  I  wrote  in  last  year's  annual  report, 
Smithsonian  Year  1975,  "museum  keepers  know  that  the  supply  of 
objects,  whether  made  by  man,  or  great  natural  objects  such  as 
whales  or  pandas,  are  finite  in  number  and  will  inevitably  run  out 
in  due  course."  We  continue  to  be  offered  many  things,  and  even 
with  a  discriminating  eye,  there  are  certain  things  which  we  must 
legitimately  accept.  We  can  turn  things  down,  as  I  reported  last 
year,  or  we  can  redirect  them  to  places  which  seem  more  appropri- 
ate, especially,  for  example,  objects  of  preeminent  state  interest 
which  should  go  to  state  institutions.  But  there  are  always  objects 
which  fit  in,  or  which  fill  an  important  gap,  and  these  we  continue 
to  receive,  fulfilling  our  basic  responsibility. 

Last  year  I  wrote  that  one  of  the  things  that  we  would  dearly 
love  to  secure  for  our  collection  of  transportation  was  a  donkey 
engine,  as  its  absence  was  a  serious  gap  in  our  history  of  railroad 
evolution.  Such  a  miniature,  narrow-gauge  creature  is  of  considera- 
ble rarity  in  this  day  and  age.  Having  heard  that  these  little  gems 


8  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


can  still  sometimes  be  found  rusting  away  in  some  southern  pine- 
land  lumber  yard,  I  prayed — "Oh  Georgia-Pacific,  Oh  Weyer- 
haeuser, where  is  thy  benison?  Where  in  some  neglected  forest 
glade  lies  maundering  that  rusting  hulk?" 

But  romantic  prayers  fell  on  deaf  ears,  and  nary  a  peep  or  chirrup 
of  recognition  came  from  the  busy  giants  of  the  lumber  industry.  It 
is  no  wonder,  for  all  the  great  timber  companies  of  the  world  today 
seem  to  be  intent  on  besting  their  competitors  in  cutting  down  the 
tropical  forests  of  the  world.  I  am  told  by  the  New  York  Botanical 
Garden  that  these  tropical  forests,  either  through  lumbering  or 
burning  off,  are  being  cut  at  the  rate  of  49.2  acres  a  minute,  day  in, 
day  out,  over  22  million  acres  per  year. 

Rather,  an  answer  to  prayer  has  come  from  a  Mr.  Gerald  M.  Best 
of  Beverly  Hills,  California,  who  all  these  years  has  preserved  and 
lavished  attention  on  "olomana,"  a  donkey  engine  from  the  Island 
of  Maui  in  Hawaii.  Mr.  Best  has  promised  that  he  and  his  wife  will 
give  us  "olomana,"  and  so  the  final  jewel  has  been  placed  in  the 
diadem  of  the  Museum  of  History  and  Technology's  Department  of 
Transportation,  "olomana"  will  take  her  rightful  place  beside  the 
great  Southern  locomotive,  No.  1401,  and  the  San  Francisco  Cable 
Car,  and  "pioneer,"  our  oldest  horseless,  belching  monster  of  the 
rails.  It  will  be  interesting  to  see  if  our  curators  can  reconstruct  the 
voice  of  "olomana,"  on  tape,  to  ring  out  every  so  often,  and  amaze 
the  children  of  all  ages  who  throng  the  Hall  of  Transportation,  and 
are  so  enraptured  by  the  thunderous  song  of  the  Southern  locomo- 
tive. That  one  has  a  wonderful  taped  voice  including  the  word 
"bo — ard"  among  the  roars,  the  pants,  and  puffs  of  the  start-up, 
the  shattering  passage  down  the  track,  and  the  final  mournful 
whistle  echoing  over  the  distant  prairie  at  the  end. 

And  yet  all  these  objects  take  care  and  conservation,  whether 
books,  or  paintings,  or  early  transportation.  Our  paramount  need  is 
still  a  museum's  support  center,  in  nearby  Maryland,  on  land  al- 
ready in  public  ownership,  which  will  give  us  the  conservation, 
storage,  and  work  areas  that  make  collections  come  to  life,  and  keep 
the  Smithsonian  where  it  should  be  in  the  vanguard  of  preservation, 
retrieval,  and  conservation.  Without  this  facility,  and  without  an 
appropriate  library  for  our  History  of  Science  collections,  the  nag- 
ging dilemma  will  continue,  the  reception  of  collections  with  inade- 
quate facilities  to  house  them  and  the  gradual  deterioration  as  a 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  9 


result,  or  the  rejection  of  needed  materials — to  moulder  and  lie 
a-rusting  somewhere  else. 

But  what  we  have  done  this  past  year  has  been  a  triumph.  The 
quality  and  style  of  exhibitions  all  over  Washington  have  been  an 
appropriate  tribute  to  the  Bicentennial,  and  have  indeed  made  this 
city  a  focal  point  in  a  way  nothing  else  could  have  so  illumined  the 
event.  For  perhaps  obvious  reasons  there  are  common  purposes  to 
be  discerned  in  the  assembling  of  exhibitions  either  in  science,  his- 
tory, or  art,  which  have  to  do  with  the  celebration  of  a  Bicentennial. 
As  mentioned  earlier,  two  exhibitions  have,  it  seems  to  me,  a  com- 
mon theme.  One  is  the  creation  of  the  great  Air  and  Space  Museum 
with  its  extraordinary  exhibit  of  fact,  which  in  truth  outdoes  fiction. 
The  design  and  the  settings  in  which  man's  conquest  of  air  and  space 
is  depicted  are  almost  as  handsome  and  as  symbolically  diverse  and 
sophisticated  as  the  creation  of  the  objects  themselves.  They  are 
highly  appropriate.  The  history  of  air  and  space  involves  technologi- 
cal design  and  inventiveness  of  the  first  order.  The  objects  are  dis- 
played in  the  awareness  of  these  technologies  and  the  results  are 
meet  and  right.  The  building  is  in  perfect  scale,  and  the  effect  is  not 
unlike  a  novel  art  museum,  in  which  objects  and  display  suit  each 
other  perfectly.  This  then  is  the  epitome  of  the  last  eighty  years, 
and  of  much  of  which  the  United  States  can  be  justly  proud. 

The  "1876"  exhibition  similarly  tells  us  what  we  were  most  proud 
of  one  hundred  years  ago.  It  is  the  history  of  the  development  of 
the  United  States  as  we  conceived  it  at  that  time.  Our  pride  was  in 
the  possibility  of  the  mastery  of  the  Continent.  The  horrible  Civil 
War  was  behind  us.  Now  we  should  turn  our  minds  to  the  real 
priorities,  to  the  unification  of  the  Continent  from  "sea  to  shining 
sea."  Thus  "1876"  represents  a  kind  of  microcosm  of  the  previous 
hundred  years,  and  a  sense  of  where  we  thought  the  priorities  lay. 

Another  theme  which  seems  to  run  through  the  exhibitions  has 
had  to  do  with  the  discovery  of  the  Continent  by  foreigners  and 
their  impressions  of  the  setting  or  the  new-found  objects  or  peoples. 
Thus  at  the  National  Gallery  of  Art  there  was  a  superb  and  fasci- 
nating exhibition,  "The  European  Vision  of  America,"  organized  by 
Hugh  Honour.  Here  one  could  delight  by  reflection  in  the  marvels, 
some  of  them  fanciful,  of  the  new  worlds  across  the  seas,  as  seen 
by  artists  and  naturalist  draftsmen.  In  the  same  vein,  but  in  a 
slightly  different  context,  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  has  mounted 


10  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


a  triumph  in  representation  of  what  the  eighteenth-  and  nine- 
teenth-century travelers  from  abroad  saw  and  thought  about  us  all 
then.  As  John  Russell  said  in  the  New  York  Times-  "Nothing  in 
American  museum  life  is  quite  like  the  exhibitions  at  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery.  .  .  .  They  are  about  people  .  .  .  brought  alive  by 
paintings,  photographs,  objects  and  letters  which  document  what 
they  said,  what  they  did,  and  what  they  saw.  .  .  .  What  we  experi- 
ence at  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  is  resuscitation  in  depth."  It  is 
a  great  show,  and  it  does  a  great  deal  to  tell  one  what  America 
seemed  like,  truly  or  not,  in  foreign  eyes.  And  as  we  all  know  we 
Americans  are  always  immensely  curious  to  know  what  others  think 
of  us. 

A  third  theme  might  be  described  as  what  America  has  done  to 
people,  the  people  who  came,  and  how  they  reacted.  The  Hirshhorn 
Museum  has  a  fascinating  exhibition,  "The  Golden  Door,"  which 
surveys  the  immigrant  artists  who  came  to  America,  and  what 
they  then  proceeded  to  do  in  the  Land  of  Opportunity,  and  how  it 
managed,  often  subtly,  to  affect  their  style  and  their  transition  into 
a  new  consciousness  in  the  New  World.  A  monumental  exhibit  at 
the  Museum  of  History  and  Technology  called,  "A  Nation  of 
Nations"  tells  us  about  immigrants  in  general  to  this  country,  who 
came,  and  when,  where  from,  and  where  they  went,  east  and  west, 
north  and  south.  In  the  process  we  can  see  how  ethnic  roots  have 
been  preserved,  and  at  the  same  time  how  the  land  and  the  setting 
have  inevitably  moulded  customs  and  traditions.  Styles  of  making 
things  changed  from  region  to  region,  even  though  the  roots  of 
the  styles,  or  the  utility  of  the  objects,  were  held  in  common.  Finally 
the  homogenization  of  the  late  twentieth  century  is  shown  in  glaring 
detail,  but  still  with  ethnic  variety,  e.g.,  McDonald's  signs  in 
Japanese. 

A  third  exhibit  within  this  theme  has  been  the  major  Bicentennial 
exhibition  at  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts,  "America  as  Art." 
Here  is  a  sensitive  interpretation  of  the  evolution  of  indigenous  art 
in  America,  what  the  country  did  to  the  eye  of  the  artist — as  a 
symbol — as  a  theater  for  the  evolution  of  local  character  in  oppo- 
sition to  European  values.  Here,  landscape  became  a  romantic  no- 
tion, evoking  moral  values  and  an  approach  toward  understanding 

2  July  11,  1976. 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  11 


philosophic  truths  in  nature.  In  a  later  state  there  is  shown  the 
paradox  of  sympathy  for  the  noble  savage  in  an  idealized  sense 
coupled  with  the  frenzied  exaltation  of  frontier  conquest.  Still  later 
comes  urbanism,  the  masses,  the  new  realism,  accompanied  by  the 
growth  of  a  new  liberalism,  provoked  perhaps  by  the  vestiges  of 
transcendentalism  and  moral  superiority.  At  the  end  there  is  some- 
thing of  the  current  struggle  of  artists  to  decide  how  to  break  away 
from  homogenization,  to  develop  an  identity  out  of  uniformity. 

A  variant  on  this  theme  could  be  described  as  what  people  have 
done  to  America,  and  here  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History 
has  presented  an  ecological  succession  exhibition  which  graphically 
depicts  changes  in  the  environment  of  Washington,  D.  C,  taken  at 
a  point  where  Rock  Creek  debouches  on  the  Potomac  River.  Be- 
ginning some  10,000  years  ago  when  the  forest  was  primeval  in- 
deed, with  tree  boles  of  sycamores  and  other  hardwoods  as  large  as 
sequoias,  down  through  the  first  cultivation  by  native  Americans  to 
the  present  parklike  setting  with  benches,  litter,  rats,  and  sparrows, 
it  is  all  there,  a  panorama  of  change  pointing  to  a  wholly  uncertain 
future. 

Other  museum  exhibits  have  been  historic  moments  in  time,  de- 
picting a  stage  in  some  cultural  succession,  or  a  glorious  moment 
perceived  and  now  lost.  Thus,  the  Freer  Gallery  of  Art  chose  to 
represent  something  of  where  culture  or  stages  in  life,  as  depicted  in 
painting,  stood  in  Asia  in  1775.  All  over  the  world  the  late  eight- 
eenth century  had  life  and  vigor  and  style,  and  so  it  was  in  India, 
China,  and  Japan.  The  exhibit  is  exquisite  in  its  selection  and  re- 
fined in  taste.  If  there  are  intimations  of  revolution  there,  they 
escaped  me. 

An  exhibition,  celebrating  a  moment  perceived  and  lost,  has  been 
"The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson"  at  the  National  Gallery  of  Art. 
Romantic  to  the  hilt,  the  objects  brought  together  represent  all  the 
varied  influences  of  the  art  and  culture  of  Europe,  a  kind  of  im- 
pressionistic grand  tour,  which  might  have  influenced  Jefferson  as 
a  man  for  all  seasons,  architect,  philosopher,  aesthetic  interpreter 
of  life  itself,  and  yet  somehow  a  man  of  action,  a  superb  politician, 
whose  pen  was  mightier  than  many  a  sword.  The  exhibition  was 
a  glorious  assemblage  of  objects  of  the  time,  a  depiction  of  the  sur- 
roundings of  an  enigma,  an  aristocrat  and  an  elitist  who  could  be  a 
violent  revolutionary  in  a  time  when  revolutionaries  tolerated  gen- 


12   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


tlemen  and  aesthetes  among  their  company.  How  is  it  possible?  It 
is  too  romantic  for  today.  The  moment  has  been  lost  in  the  stirring 
swirl  of  history,  and  we  can  view  such  diversity  of  style  and  char- 
acter with  pure  nostalgia,  convinced  that  we  will  not  see  such 
times,  or  such  heroes  again. 

Then  there  have  been  small  special  exhibitions  sent  from  abroad 
to  honor  the  Bicentennial.  One  of  them  reached  the  Museum  of  His- 
tory and  Technology.  It  was  an  exhibit  sent  over  especially  to  mark 
the  visit  of  the  Spanish  King  and  Queen,  but  one  which  had  taken 
years  to  plan,  an  exhibit  about  Columbus  and  with  the  artifacts  con- 
nected with  his  voyages.  There  was  the  great  Juan  de  la  Cosa  Map 
of  1500,  never  before  seen  outside  of  Spain,  painted  on  a  sheepskin 
as  a  guide  to  travelers  to  the  new  hemisphere,  with  symbolic  repre- 
sentations of  travel,  such  as  the  Three  Kings  journeying  to  pay 
homage  to  the  Christ  Child.  There  was  Columbus's  copy  of  Marco 
Polo's  travels,  appropriate  reference  reading  for  someone  searching 
for  the  Indies.  There  were  Columbus's  meditations  in  jail  when  the 
Bible  became  his  support  and  comforter.  There  were  documents, 
paintings,  tapestry,  and  artifacts  which  made  this  a  treasure  trove 
to  view,  and  transported  the  imagination  back  nearly  five  hundred 
years.  Yes,  nearly  five  hundred  years;  what  will  there  be  to  com- 
memorate in  1992? 

A  particularly  precious  exhibition  was  loaned  to  the  Smithsonian, 
and  to  the  Los  Angeles  County  Museum  by  Her  Majesty  Queen 
Elizabeth  II  of  Great  Britain.  This  was  a  collection  of  anatomical 
drawings  by  Leonardo  da  Vinci  from  the  Library  at  Windsor  Castle. 
These  drawings,  with  Leonardo's  enigmatic  script  notations,  are  so 
far  ahead  of  their  time  (as  witness  contemporary  anatomical  draw- 
ings) that  they  excite  wonder,  admiration,  and  awe.  Visiting 
scholars  and  students  came  from  all  over  the  Eastern  States  to  see 
the  exhibit,  taking  advantage  of  a  very  rare  opportunity. 

Additionally,  for  the  visit  of  the  Queen  herself,  we  had  the  stylish 
exhibition  of  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Goldsmiths  and  Silver- 
smiths of  gold  and  silver  plate  of  all  periods.  This  was  in  the  original 
Smithsonian  building,  the  "Castle,"  where  Her  Majesty  was  greeted 
by  the  Chancellor  and  Regents,  shown  the  tomb  of  James  Smithson, 
and  presented  with  a  Joint  Resolution  of  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  commemorating  what  is  perhaps  the  largest  philanthropic  gift 
ever  made  to  one  nation  by  a  citizen  of  another,  the  bequest  of 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  13 


James  Smithson.  Thus  the  Congress  was  right  to  commemorate  the 
event  in  this  way,  and  it  would  seem  as  if  Her  Majesty,  in  this  year 
of  revolutions,  should  be  pleased  to  think  of  what  a  Britisher  had 
done  for  the  United  States,  and  what  the  results  in  subsequent 
years  have  been. 

To  measure  all  of  the  results  of  Mr.  Smithson's  bequest  would 
be  an  impossible  task,  I  feel.  We  can  only  suspect  that  nothing  quite 
like  the  present  Institution  could  have  been  foreseen,  or  even 
planned  a  hundred  and  forty  years  ago,  when  the  Act  of  acceptance 
was  finally  passed  and  signed  into  law.  No  comparable  set  of  cir- 
cumstances has  existed  in  any  other  country.  One  of  the  joys  of 
the  creation  of  the  Smithsonian  has  been  that  it  inaugurated  a 
vehicle  by  which  the  nation  might  be  given  things,  and  a  way  in 
which  they  might  be  accepted.  Over  the  years  the  magnitude  of  the 
gifts — Smithson,  Hodgkins,  Sprague,  Freer,  Gallatly,  the  Walcotts, 
the  Barneys,  Dibner,  Roebling,  Mellon,  Vetlesen,  Winston,  Link, 
Forrest,  Bruce,  the  Ramseys,  Reeves,  Lilly,  Becker,  Johnson,  Hirsh- 
horn,  and  Post — more  than  justifies  the  funds  from  various  sources 
spent  annually  to  keep  them  up.  We  must  take  all  possible  steps 
necessary  to  assure  that  what  we  now  possess  is  well  cared  for  and 
thoroughly  catalogued,  or  else  fail  in  our  trust  to  the  donors.  We 
would  otherwise  fail  in  our  responsibility  to  the  Executive  and  to 
the  Congress,  and  thus  imperil  the  very  mandate  of  1846,  that  "all 
objects  of  art  and  of  foreign  and  curious  research,  and  all  objects  of 
natural  history,"  etc.  .  .  .  "shall  be  arranged  in  such  order  and 
so  classed,  as  best  to  facilitate  .  .  .  the  study  of  them  ...  in  the 
building  .  .  .  for  the  Institution."  This  is  a  charge  which  we  are 
solemnly  obligated  to  carry  out  with  the  help  of  the  Congress,  God 
willing. 

And  we  must  keep  "The  Nation's  Attic"  (as  it  is  suspected 
Bernard  de  Voto  first  called  us)  in  proper  order  so  as  to  keep  safely 
our  stake  in  the  future  as  well  as  the  past.  Let  no  one  call  the  Smith- 
sonian derelict  in  pointing  out  the  urgent  necessity  of  preserving  the 
testament  of  the  past  in  order  to  assure  our  future.  For,  as  has  been 
said  before,  history  gives  us  ample  reminders  of  the  probable  way 
of  the  future.  If  the  Bicentennial  has  reminded  us  of  anything,  it 
has  brought  home  to  the  Smithsonian  the  interest  of  our  citizens  in 
being  reminded  of  the  past,  and  the  kindred  interest  in  knowing 
more  of  the  root  stock  from  which  we  are  all  sprung.  As  I  had 


14   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


predicted,  July  Fourth  was  celebrated  with  a  big  bang,  but  there 
was  more  to  it  than  that,  more  to  it  than  the  thrilling  nostalgia  of 
the  Tall  Ships.  There  was  indeed  a  sense  of  rededication  and  newly 
reborn  pride  in  being  an  American,  after  what  now  seem  numbing 
years  of  uncertainty  and  denigration.  Can  we  discern  something? 
Through  the  smog  of  oral  and  visual  logomania  which  surrounds 
us,  can  we  perceive  a  new  will,  a  new  desire  for  humanity,  for 
honesty  and  tolerance?  If  we  can,  then  indeed  our  Bicentennial 
will  have  been  worthwhile. 


This  past  year  has  brought  sadness  to  the  Smithsonian  in  the  un- 
timely death  of  Under  .Secretary  Robert  A.  Brooks,  scholar,  poet, 
and  expert  administrator,  whom  we  shall  long  mourn.  Mr.  Brooks 
had  been  with  the  Institution  a  scant  five  years,  but  had  already 
endeared  himself  to  his  colleagues  with  his  fair-minded  outlook  and 
good  humor.  Less  than  a  year  after  joining  the  staff,  we  have  also 
lost  our  Coordinator  of  Membership  and  Development,  Lawrence  E. 
Layborne,  a  valued  new  addition  indeed.  We  shall  miss  his  style 
and  gentle  spirit. 

Another  loss  has  been  the  nation's  gain,  for  this  year  Professor 
Daniel  J.  Boorstin,  Senior  Historian,  National  Museum  of  History 
and  Technology,  has  left  us  to  become  the  nation's  twelfth  Librarian 
of  Congress.  The  appointment  is  particularly  welcome  to  the  Smith- 
sonian, symbolizing  as  it  does  the  traditional  partnership  in  schol- 
arly exchange  and  book  collection  that  has  illuminated  the  entire 
history  of  our  two  institutions. 

As  Assistant  Secretary  for  Administration,  John  F.  Jameson,  a 
relative  veteran  of  the  Smithsonian  in  spite  of  his  years,  has  been 
appointed  to  assist  me  in  integration  of  the  management  functions 
of  the  Secretary's  office.  As  Chief  Budget  Officer  of  the  Institution, 
he  has  developed  a  particular  view  of  the  whole  operation  which  is 
invaluable. 

Dr.  Kevin  Sullivan  has  been  appointed  Director  of  the  Chesa- 
peake Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies  after  serving  for  five 
years  on  that  staff.  He  succeeds  Dr.  Francis  S.  L.  Williamson,  who 
decided  to  resign  after  a  year's  leave  of  absence  in  order  to  continue 
as  Commissioner  of  Public  Health  and  Social  Services  for  the  State 
of  Alaska. 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  15 


Mr.  Edward  F.  Rivinus  has  been  appointed  Acting  Director  of  the 
Smithsonian  Press  after  coming  to  the  Smithsonian  from  the  United 
States  Foreign  Service  and  serving  for  a  time  in  the  area  of  Public 
Service. 

To  head  Smithsonian  employee  health  programs,  Dr.  Edward 
Belton  has  been  appointed  as  Chief  Medical  Officer.  Professor 
Herbert  Gursky  has  been  appointed  Associate  Director  of  the  Center 
for  Astrophysics  (Optical  and  Infrared  Division),  Smithsonian  As- 
trophysical  Observatory.  Among  our  affiliates,  Miss  Ruth  Graves 
has  taken  the  position  of  Director  of  Reading  Is  Fundamental,  and 
Messrs.  Donald  Elliott  and  Harold  Leuba  have  become  Vice  Presi- 
dents of  the  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange.  Mr.  George 
Packard  has  become  Deputy  Director  of  the  Woodrow  Wilson  Cen- 
ter for  Scholars  to  replace  Professor  Prosser  Gifford,  who  has  re- 
turned to  Amherst  College  as  Dean  after  a  year's  leave  of  absence. 

Retirements  this  year  included  Dr.  Waldo  Wedel,  Senior  Anthro- 
pologist and  distinguished  authority  on  Indian  archeology,  from  the 
staff  of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  and  Dr.  Helmut 
K.  Buechner  as  Biologist  from  the  National  Zoo.  Sadly,  Dr.  Buech- 
ner  has  recently  died  after  a  long  illness.  His  ecological  research 
studies,  particularly  of  ungulates  in  East  Africa,  are  classics  in 
their  field. 

Finally  to  all  those  unsung  heroes  and  heroines  of  the  Smith- 
sonian staff  who  kept  the  wheels  rolling,  and  who  performed  un- 
stintingly  and  with  unfailing  politeness  to  keep  this  Institution's 
Bicentennial  observance  on  a  plane  above  any  single  other  equiva- 
lent ceremonies  that  I  know  of,  may  I  say  how  grateful  America 
must  and  should  be  to  you  all ! 


16   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Board  of  Regents 


The  board  of  regents  met  in  fiscal  year  1976  in  the  autumn,  winter, 
and  spring,  as  is  customary.  At  the  autumn  meeting  on  Septem- 
ber 30,  1975,  it  was  attested  that  Dr.  John  Nicholas  Brown  and 
Thomas  J.  Watson,  Jr.,  had  been  reappointed  as  Citizen  Regents. 
The  Secretary  reviewed  the  financial  report  of  the  Smithsonian  and 
described  the  present  schedule  of  the  Bicentennial  programs.  Of  par- 
ticular significance  was  the  report  that  the  National  Air  and  Space 
Museum  would  be  completed  on  time  and  that  the  costs  for  con- 
struction would  be  under  the  original  estimate. 

Progress  was  also  reported  on  the  joint  sponsorship  by  Wells 
Fargo  and  Company  and  the  Smithsonian  of  the  Bicentennial  Essay 
Contest  authorized  by  the  Regents  which  would  serve  to  focus  at- 
tention on  the  more  positive  and  exciting  prospects  that  face  our 
country  in  its  third  century.  Nine  distinguished  Americans  agreed 
to  serve  as  national  judges  to  vote  on  submissions  made  by  various 
categories  of  contestants  on  the  subject  "Toward  Our  Third 
Century." 

Two  recent  legislative  actions  were  noted.  The  first  reserves  for 
Smithsonian  use  in  the  future  the  last  remaining  site  on  the  Mall, 
located  between  Third  and  Fourth  Streets  and  Independence  Ave- 
nue and  Jefferson  Drive.  The  second  measure  authorizes  the  prepa- 
ration of  plans  for  museum  support  facilities  for  the  care,  curation, 
conservation,  deposit,  preparation,  and  study  of  the  national  collec- 
tions of  scientific,  historic,  and  artistic  objects,  specimens,  and 
artifacts;  for  related  documentation  of  such  collections  of  the 
Smithsonian;  and  for  the  training  of  museum  conservators. 

The  first  anniversary  of  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture 
Garden  was  celebrated  after  the  Regents'  meeting  at  the  Museum. 
The  Museum  has  a  visitor  attendance  of  1.8  million  in  the  year. 

The  winter  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Regents  was  held  on  Janu- 
ary 22,  1976.  Special  recognition  was  given  to  Mr.  James  E.  Webb 
as  an  outstanding  Regent  and  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Commit- 
tee. The  financial  report  of  the  Institution  was  summarized  by  the 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  17 


Secretary  for  the  Board,  and  a  full  discussion  of  the  finances  of  the 
Institution  will  be  found  in  this  report. 

The  Board  of  Regents  determined  that  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion is  financially  unable  to  operate  Hillwood  as  a  nonprofit  museum 
under  the  terms  specified  in  the  Agreement  between  the  Institution 
and  Mrs.  Marjorie  Merriweather  Post  and  therefore  directed,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Mrs.  Post's  will,  that  title  to  Hill- 
wood  pass  to  the  Marjorie  Merriweather  Post  Foundation  of  D.C. 
on  July  1, 1976. 

In  commemoration  of  the  nation's  Bicentennial,  the  Regents  voted 
to  award  a  number  of  medals  to  the  following  recipients  for  dis- 
tinguished achievement  in  areas  of  Institutional  interest :  The  Smith- 
sonian Medal  to  Nancy  Hanks,  the  Langley  Medal  to  Grover 
Loening  and  James  E.  Webb,  the  Henry  Medal  to  Dr.  Martin  H. 
Moynihan  and  Dr.  T.  Dale  Stewart,  the  Matthew  Fontaine  Maury 
Medal  to  Dr.  Robert  M.  White,  and  the  Hodgkins  Medal  to  Dr. 
E.  Cuyler  Hammond. 

The  designation  of  the  "Doris  and  Henry  Dreyfus  Memorial 
Study  Center"  in  the  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  of  Decorative  Arts 
and  Design  was  approved  in  recognition  of  the  contributions  of 
Henry  Dreyfus  to  the  field  of  industrial  design.  The  generous  dona- 
tions of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  J.  Heinz  II  to  the  Cooper-Hewitt  were 
underscored  by  the  naming  of  the  "Drue  Heinz  Study  Center  for 
Drawings  and  Prints."  The  Regents  also  approved  the  name  "Waldo 
L.  Schmitt  Conference  Room"  for  a  room  in  the  Invertebrate  Zool- 
ogy area  of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History  in  honor 
of  Dr.  Schmitt's  outstanding  contributions  to  invertebrate  zoology. 

A  number  of  legislative  proposals  were  approved  for  submission 
to  the  Congress,  including  measures  to  authorize  appropriations 
under  the  National  Museum  Act,  to  eliminate  the  ceiling  on  appro- 
priations for  the  Barro  Colorado  Island  at  the  Smithsonian  Tropical 
Research  Institute,  and  to  authorize  the  construction  of  a  museum 
support  facility.  The  Secretary  reported  that  the  two  measures, 
approved  by  the  Board  of  Regents  in  1974,  to  authorize  planning  of 
a  museum  support  facility  and  to  remove  restrictions  on  the  collec- 
tion of  portraiture  by  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  have  been 
enacted. 

The  Secretary  discussed  plans  for  the  forthcoming  visit  of  Her 
Majesty  Queen  Elizabeth  II  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  It  was 


18  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


agreed  to  request  a  Joint  Resolution  of  the  House  and  Senate  to 
express  the  American  people's  gratitude  for  the  bequest  of  James 
Smithson 

The  spring  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Regents  was  convened  on 
May  10,  1976.  At  this  meeting  the  Regents  paid  tribute  to  the 
Smithsonian's  late  Under  Secretary  Robert  A.  Brooks,  hailing  par- 
ticularly his  outstanding  classical  scholarship  and  his  remarkable 
administrative  career.  The  Secretary  introduced  to  the  Regents  John 
F.  Jameson,  newly  designated  as  the  Acting  Assistant  Secretary  for 
Administration. 

The  financial  reports  were  summarized  by  the  Secretary  and  ac- 
cepted by  the  Board,  including  the  estimate  for  the  "transition 
quarter"  from  July  1  to  September  30,  1976,  occasioned  by  the 
change  in  the  beginning  of  the  fiscal  year  from  the  first  of  July  to  the 
first  of  October. 

The  Secretary  reported  developments  at  the  National  Zoo,  includ- 
ing the  renovation  of  the  elephant  house,  the  new  bird  yards,  and 
the  glockenspiel  provided  by  a  bequest.  The  first  portion  of  the  new 
"William  M.  Mann  Lion  and  Tiger  Exhibit"  was  opened  to  the  pub- 
lic on  April  9,  1976.  This  exhibit  received  a  design  award  in  1975. 

An  underground  parking  garage  on  the  Mall  was  again  con- 
sidered by  the  Board  as  a  possibility  for  the  future.  A  recent  up-date 
of  an  earlier  study  indicates  that  3,200  parking  spaces  could  be  con- 
structed under  the  Mall.  It  was  decided  to  continue  to  examine 
possibilities  for  the  construction  and  financing  of  this  parking  facil- 
ity in  cooperation  with  the  National  Park  Service  and  other  in- 
terested government  agencies. 

Noting  progress  on  a  number  of  legislative  matters,  the  Board  of 
Regents  reviewed  the  language  of  the  proposed  Joint  Resolution  of 
the  Senate  and  House  on  the  occasion  of  the  visit  of  Her  Majesty 
Queen  Elizabeth  II. 

The  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  of  Decorative  Arts  and  Design  hav- 
ing progressed  on  schedule  toward  its  opening  in  the  renovated 
Carnegie  Mansion  in  New  York,  the  next  meeting  of  the  Regents 
was  scheduled  to  precede  that  opening  in  early  October. 


Statement  by  the  Secretary  I  19 


Left.  Rotunda  of  the  newly  renovated  Arts  and  Industries  Building,  where  "1876:  A  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition,"  a  recreation  in  microcosm  of  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  Exposition, 
opened  on  May  10,  1976,  a  hundred  years  to  the  day  since  the  opening  in  Philadelphia.  An 
air  of  festive  excitement  and  celebration  marked  this  occasion  as  Chief  Justice  Warren  E. 
Burger  and  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  arrive  in  a  coach-and-four  (above),  followed  by  other 
notables  in  horse-drawn  carriages  (below). 


July  1,  1976,  dedication  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum.  This  newest  of 
Smithsonian  museums  on  the  Mall  contains  dramatic  evidence  of  America's  tech- 
nological advances  and  man's  conquest  of  air  and  space.  Below.  Visitors  enjoy  the 
Milestones  of  Flight  Gallery. 


HlBlfllBIBIBIBg 


1     I     I     I 


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Newly  renovated  third  floor  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  showing  a  portion  of  the 
Bicentennial  exhibition  "Portraits  from  The  Americans:  The  Democratic  Experience." 
Below.  Aerial  view  of  the  "William  M.  Mann  Lion  and  Tiger  Exhibit,"  dedicated  May 
25,  1976. 


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Aboue.  View  of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History's  Bicentennial  exhibit,  "Our 
Changing  Land."  The  exhibition  focuses  on  the  history  of  land  use  in  the  Potomac 
River  Valley.  Below.  Designer  at  the  Smithsonian's  Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum 
discusses  with  its  Exhibits  Design  and  Production  Laboratory  staff  a  panel  for  the 
traveling  exhibition,  "The  Frederick  Douglass  Years." 


An  "Insect  Zoo,"  newly  installed  at  the  National  Museum  of  Natural   History,   fas- 
cinates a  young  visitor. 


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.  ..... . 


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figs'    ■       : 


Her  Majesty  Queen  Elizabeth  II  of  Great  Britain  during  her  July  1976  visit  to  the 
Smithsonian.  Chief  Justice  Warren  E.  Burger  and  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  point  out 
landmarks  in  a  diorama  that  is  part  of  the  Bicentennial  exhibition  "The  Federal  City: 
Plans  &  Realities."  Below.  Their  Majesties  King  Juan  Carlos  and  Queen  Sophia  of  Spain 
sign  the  guest  register  at  the  opening  of  the  exhibition  "Columbus  and  His  Time,"  June 
3,  1976,  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  as  Mrs.  Ripley  looks  on. 


Emperor  Hirohito  of  Japan,  an  ardent  marine  biologist,  examines  a  marine  specimen 
from  the  collections  in  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History  during  his  visit  to  the 
Smithsonian  in  October  1975.  With  His  Majesty  are  Dr.  Frederick  M.  Bayer  and  Dr. 
Joseph  Rosewater,  curators  at  the  Museum,  and  Professor  Hidemi  Sato  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania,  who  acted  as  interpreter.  Below.  Emperor  Hirohito  and  Empress 
Nagako  of  Japan  and  President  and  Mrs.  Ford  greet  guests  prior  to  the  State  Dinner 
held  at  the  Smithsonian  on  October  3,  1975. 


Ranjit,  handsome  male  white  tiger,  is  an  occupant  of  the  newly  modernized  lion  and 
tiger  quarters  at  the  National  Zoological  Park. 


Smithsonian  Year  '1976 
FINANCIAL  REPORT 


T.  AMES  WHEELER,  TREASURER 


This  report  covers  the  fiscal  year  1976  and  the  added  three 
months'  "Transition  Quarter"  (July  1-September  30,  1976),  re- 
flecting our  change  in  fiscal  year  to  conform  with  the  new  federal 
year  beginning  October  1st. 

In  this  period  the  Institution  continued  to  benefit  from  both 
strong  governmental  support  and  growth  in  nonfederal  income.  As 
shown  in  Table  1,  federal  appropriations  received  for  operating 
purposes  rose  12.7  percent  to  $84,004,000  in  fiscal  year  1976,  with 
an  additional  $23,150,000  for  the  Transition  Quarter;  together, 
these  appropriations  amounted  to  77  percent  of  the  total  operating 
support  in  the  15  months'  period.  Research  grants  and  contracts 
provided  another  11  percent,  while  nonfederal  funds  from  gifts, 
endowments  and  our  various  auxiliary  activities  and  concessions 
supplied  the  remaining  $16,438,000  or  12  percent  of  the  total.  For 
construction  purposes,  the  Institution  received  an  additional  $13,- 
922,000  of  federal  appropriations  and  $560,000  of  gifts  from  private 
sources. 

The  increased  income  for  the  most  part  went  to  meet  inflationary 
cost  increases  and  to  make  possible  the  outstanding  Smithsonian 
Bicentennial  programs  for  the  nation's  capital,  including  the  open- 
ing of  the  new  National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  a  summer-long 
international  folk  festival  on  the  Mall,  and  a  wide  variety  of  major 
exhibitions.  Nearly  $10,000,000  of  federal  construction  funds  were 
used  to  continue  the  modernization  of  the  National  Zoo,  while 
renovation  of  the  Carnegie  Mansion  in  New  York  City  for  the 


29 


October  opening  of  the  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  and  construction 
of  the  new  Associates  Court,  public  and  staff  restaurants  and 
educational  facilities  in  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
were  completed  with  nonfederal  trust  funds,  derived  principally 
from  our  fund-raising  and  Associates  activities.  This  period  also 
saw  the  completion  of  our  Museum  Shop  construction  and  modern- 
ization program  which  will  benefit  visitors  and  the  Institution  alike. 

A  further  step  was  taken  toward  the  building  of  our  present 
relatively  small  unrestricted-purpose  endowment  funds  to  a  level 
capable  of  assuring  stable  financial  support  for  nonfederally  sup- 
ported Institutional  needs  in  the  future;  continuation  and  enlarge- 
ment of  this  effort  remains  a  goal  of  highest  priority. 

An  overall  picture  of  the  application  of  all  of  these  funds  for 
operating  purposes  (exclusive  of  foreign  currency  and  construction 
funds)  by  individual  bureaux  and  offices  may  be  seen  in  Table  2. 

FEDERAL  APPROPRIATIONS 

The  $81,564,000  of  federal  funds  received  for  Institutional  operat- 
ing purposes  in  the  12  months  of  fiscal  year  1976,  exclusive  of  funds 
for  the  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange,  Inc.,  and  the 
Excess  Foreign  Currency  Programs,  was  an  increase  of  $10,858,000 
over  fiscal  year  1975.  Well  over  half  of  this  increase  ($6.0  million), 
however,  was  provided  merely  to  meet  costs  of  legislated  and 
other  uncontrollable  increases  in  federal  salaries,  plus  sharp  in- 
creases in  utility  rates  and  other  inflationary  cost  increases.  A 
further  $2,800,000  was  made  available  to  equip  and  staff  the  new 
National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  and  $700,000  was  added  for  our 
Bicentennial  Program.  A  large  part  of  the  remaining  $1.4  million 
was  needed  for  maintenance,  protection,  conservation,  and  other 
program  support  activities,  with  relatively  little  available  for  any 
expansion  of  programmatic  efforts  themselves.  The  resulting  alloca- 
tion by  broad  program  categories  is  set  forth  in  Table  3. 

As  the  year  progressed,  it  became  possible  to  hold  costs  to  lower 
amounts  than  originally  anticipated;  as  a  result,  some  $1,271,000  of 
the  $104,193,000  combined  appropriations  for  operating  purposes 
in  fiscal  year  1976  and  the  Transition  Quarter  was  returned  to  the 
United  States  Treasury. 

For  the  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange,  $1,940,000 
was  provided  for  fiscal  year  1976,  and  another  $521,000  for  the 


30  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Table  1.  Overall  Sources  of  Financial  Support 
[In  $l,000's] 


Sources 


Trans. 
FY  1974       FY  1975      FY  1976     Quarter 


OPERATING  FUNDS 

Federal  appropriation: 

Salaries  and  expenses $58,868        $70,706       $81,564        $22,629 

Smithsonian  Science  Information 

Exchange   1,695  1,805  1,940  521 

Special  Foreign  Currency  Program   ....  4,500  2,000  500  -0- 

Subtotal $65,063        $74,511        $84,004        $23,150 

Research  grants  and  contracts 9,996         12,292         11,525  3,987 

Nonfederal  funds: 

Gifts  (excluding  gifts  to  endowments 
and  Plant  Funds) 

Restricted  purpose    1,970  4,177  4,307  658 

Unrestricted  purpose    275*  253*  354*  66* 

Income  from  endowment  and  current 
funds  investment** 

Restricted   purpose    1,750  1,724  1,634  503 

Unrestricted  purpose    747  953  1,110  264 

Auxiliary  activities  (net)    1,770  2,308  3,390  1,147 

Miscellaneous 1,110  1,405  2,299  706 

Total  Nonfederal  Funds 7,622  10,820  13,094  3,344 

Total  Operating  Support $82,681        $97,623     $108,623       $30,481 


CONSTRUCTION  FUNDS 

Federal  Construction  Funds: 

National  Zoological  Park    $  3,790 

National  Air  &  Space  Museum 17,000 

Restoration  &  Renovation  of  Bldgs.    .  .  1,070 

Total  Fed.  Construction  Funds  ....  $21,860 


Nonfederal  Plant  &  Land  Acquisition 
Funds 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum    $      262 

Hirshhorn  Museum 1,000 

Chesapeake  Bay  Center 70 

Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum   ....  -0- 

National  Zoological  Park -0- 

Total  Nonfederal  Plant  and 

Land  Acquisition  Funds $  1,332 


$  9,420 

$  8,390 

$ 

1,440 

7,000 

2,500 

-0- 

1,490 

1,192 
$12,082 

400 

$17,910 

$ 

1,840 

$   162 

$   425 

$ 

30 

-0- 

-0- 

-0- 

15 

5 

-0- 

10 

-0- 

-0- 

-0- 

100 

-0- 

$   187 

$   530 

$ 

30 

*  Excluding  gifts  to  Associates  (included  under  Auxiliary  Activities). 
**  Includes  portion  of  investment  gain  appropriated  to  income  under  Total  Return  Policy. 


Financial  Report  I  31 


Table  2.  Source  and  Application  of  Operating  Funds 

Fifteen  Months  Ended  September  30,  1976 

(Excludes  Special  Foreign  Currency  Funds,  Plants  Funds,  and  Endowments) 

[In  $l,000's] 

Nonfederal  Funds 


Unrestricted  Restricted 

Total 


non-  Auxil-  Spe-                   Grants 
Fed-           fed-  iary  cial                     -and 
eral           eral  Cen-     activ-  pur-  Cen-      con- 
Funds                        funds       funds  eral        ities  pose  eral      tracts 

FUND  BALANCES  — 

1  July  1975 $    -0-  $  9,317  $3,767  $   -0-  $1,071  $  4,374  $   105 

FUNDS  PROVIDED 

Federal  Appropriations   .  .  $106,654 

Investment   Income    $  3,511  $1,370  $          -  $  4  $  2,137  $ 

Grants  and  Contracts   .  .  .  15,508  -  15,508 

Gifts    5,610  81           226  338       4,965 

Sales  and  Revenue 34,887  -     34,257  630              - 

Other    2,375  1,241               -  448           686 

Total  Provided    $106,654  $61,891  $2,692  $34,483  $1,420  $  7,788  $15,508 

Total  Available $106,654  $71,208  $6,459  $34,483  $2,491  $12,162  $15,613 


FUNDS  APPLIED 

Science: 

Environmental   Science    .  .      $        906  $      297  $      45  $  -  $      12  $        27  $      213 

Natl.  Museum  of  Nat. 

History    13,277       1,852          46               -        145           472       1,189 

Natl.  Zoological  Park 7,802          202          41              -          95            44            22 

Fort  Pierce  Bureau -          601                          -           -          601 

Science  Info.  Exchange*  .  .  2,461              -            -              -            -              -              - 

Smithsonian  Astrophysical 

Observatory     4,942       8,864          36              -          37          274       8,517 

Radiation  Biology  Lab.  . .  2,057          130                          -           3            11          116 

Smithsonian  Tropical 

Research   Institute    1,785            81            5              -          37            38              1 

Interdisciplinary  Commu- 
nications Program    -       1,528          23              -            -            12       1,493 

Natl.  Air  and  Space 

Museum    6,933           745           52               -        252           265           176 

Other  Science   1,541       1,758  74  -  37  224       1,423 

Total    41,704     16,058         322  -        618       1,968     13,150 

History  and  Art: 

Natl.  Portrait  Gallery   .  .  .  2,190  188  23  -  32  32  101 

Natl.  Collection  of 

Fine  Arts   2,902  244  16  -        165  44  19 

Freer  Gallery 573       1,511  -  1,464  47 

Natl.  Museum  of  History 

and  Technology    6,939  909  72  -        135  643  59 

*  Figures  do  not  include  revenues  to  SSIE  from  other  sources  of  approximately  $1,500,000. 
32  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Table  2.  Source  and  Application  of  Operating  Funds 

Fifteen  Months  Ended  September  30,  1976 — continued 

(Excludes  Special  Foreign  Currency  Funds,  Plant  Funds,  and  Endowments) 

[In  $l,000's] 

Nonfederal  Funds 

Unrestricted  Restricted 

Total 

non-  Auxil-  Spe-  Grants 
Fed-         fed-  iary  cial  and 
eral          eral  Gen-     activ-  pur-  Gen-       con- 
Funds                           funds       funds  eral        ities  pose  eral       tracts 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  .  342  765  -  684  81 
Archives  of  American 

Art 411  317  -  -  1         316 

Bicentennial  of  the 

American  Revolution  .  5,800  26  26  -  -            - 

Hillwood -  519  -  -  -        519 

Hirshhorn  Museum    1,999  53  17  -  31            5 

Other  History  &  Art   ...  972  962  72    -  78        683           129 

Total    22,128  5,494         226  -        442     4,390  436 

Public  Service: 

Auxiliary  Activities 

Smithsonian  Press    .  .  .  812              512  2  501                          9 

Performing  Arts    1,143            4,756  34  1,141           22     1,783       1,776 

Other     28,372  1  28,304           67 

Anacostia   Museum    ....  667              102  24  -          10          68 

Other  Public  Service   .  .  .  1,076              106  40  -            2          63              1 

Total    3,698         33,848         101     29,946        101     1,923       1,777 

Museum  Programs: 

Libraries    2,344  5  -              -            -            5              - 

Exhibits     1,235  -  - 

Natl.  Museum  Act  Pgms.  976  -  -              -            -            -              - 

Other  Museum  Programs  3,169  266  10              -            2          58          196 

Total    7,724  271  10  2  63  196 

Buildings  Management 

and  Protection 

Services     23,526  54  7  -  45  2 

Administration     6,603  5,939         704       1,312        124         773       3,026 

Overhead  Recovered    .  (5,759)     (575)    (1,312)       (84)     (762)    (3,026) 

Transfers  for  Designated 

Purposes— Out  or   (In)  1,271**        4,656     1,590       4,537   (1,245)      (179)  (47) 

Total  Funds  Applied  $106,654       $60,561  $2,385  $34,483  $        3  $8,178  $15,512 


FUND  BALANCES  — 
30  September  1976   ...   $ 


$10,647  $4,074  $       -0-  $2,488  $3,984  $      101 


h*  Unobligated  funds  returned  to  Treasury. 


Financial  Report  I  33 


Table  3.  Application  of  Federal  Appropriations 
Fiscal  Year  1974  through  Fiscal  Year  1976 

(Excluding  Special  Foreign  Currency  Program) 
[In  $l,000's] 


Trans. 
Area  FY  1974       FY  1975      FY  1976      Quarter 


Science $24,884 

History  and  Art 12,130 

Public  Service 2,696 

Museum  Programs   4,321 

Administration 4,693 

Building  Maintenance  and  Protection  . . .  11,839 


$29,423 

$32,808 

$  8,896 

15,164 

16,521 

5,607 

2,333 

2,413 

1,285 

5,169 

5,869 

1,855 

4,582 

4,956 

1,647 

15,840 

17,649 

5,877 

Total     $60,563       $72,511        $80,216       $25,167 


Transition  Quarter.  The  operations  of  this  bureau  have  continued 
to  expand  both  as  to  contribution  into  the  research  project  data 
bank  and  also  in  providing  summaries  of  such  data  requested  by  its 
customers.  Payments  for  the  latter  services,  suggested  several 
years  ago  by  the  Office  of  Management  and  Budget  and  the  Con- 
gress as  an  alternative  to  increased  appropriations,  are  growing 
steadily  and  have  proven  very  successful  in  allowing  the  Exchange 
to  meet  its  total  increase  in  costs  with  only  minimal  added  federal 
support. 

Federal  funds  for  the  Smithsonian's  Foreign  Currency  Program, 
which  provides  grants  to  United  States  educational  institutions  for 
field  research  in  those  countries  where  these  blocked  foreign  cur- 
rencies remain  available,  were  curtailed  sharply  in  fiscal  year  1976 
to  only  $500,000.  Thus,  usage  of  these  funds,  together  with  re- 
maining prior-year  balances,  was  limited  primarily  to  supporting 
priority  ongoing  research  needs  (see  Table  4). 

Federal  appropriations  for  the  Institution's  construction  purposes 
in  fiscal  year  1976  and  the  Transition  Quarter  totaling  $13,922,000 
included  $2,500,000  to  complete  the  National  Air  and  Space 
Museum,  an  amount  which  was  $500,000  less  than  anticipated  at 


34  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Table  4.  Special  Foreign  Currency  Program 
Fiscal  Year  1976  and  Transition  Quarter — Obligations 


Country 

Burma 

Egypt    

India    

Pakistan   

Poland     

Tunisia   

TOTAL 


System- 

atic & 

Astro- 

Environ- 

physics 

Museum 

Grant 

Arche- 

mental 

&  Earth 

Pro- 

Adminis- 

ology 

Biology 

Sciences 

grams 

tration 

Total 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$      368 

$ 

$            368 

369,480 

46,385 

11,341 

5,249 

- 

432,455 

358,647 

16,634 

2,756 

4,459 

21,502 

403,998 

60,080 

16,661 

- 

3,104 

- 

79,845 

7,651 

16,441 

199,786 

10,654 

1,309 

235,841 

128,000 

126,700 
$222,821 

13,500 

$277,383 

- 

- 

268,200 

$923,858 

$23,834 

$22,811 

$1,420,707* 

An  additional  $83,000  was  obligated  through  the  National  Science  Foundation  for 
the  translation  and  printing  of  scientific  publications  in  India  and  Pakistan  re- 
quested by  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 


the  beginning  of  construction.  Another  $9,830,000  of  the  total 
allowed  the  continued  gradual  renovation  of  the  National  Zoo  in 
accordance  with  its  previously  approved  Master  Plan.  Major  specific 
projects  paid  for  with  these  appropriations  included  the  service 
facility  to  consolidate  support  functions,  new  bear  exhibits,  con- 
tinued planning  for  Beaver  Valley  exhibits,  planning  and  installa- 
tion of  educational  graphics,  and  repairs  and  renovation  of  Zoo 
facilities  at  the  Rock  Creek  and  Front  Royal  locations.  An  additional 
$1,592,000  was  granted  for  restoration  and  renovation  of  other 
Institutional  buildings. 

GRANTS  AND  CONTRACTS 

Grants  and  contracts  from  federal  agencies  also  provided  sub- 
stantial support  to  the  Institution  research  programs  over  the  past 
15  months.  During  fiscal  year  1976,  $11,525,000  was  expended, 
roughly  the  same  as  in  the  prior  fiscal  year,  and  a  further  $3,987,000 
was  expended  during  the  Transition  Quarter,  primarily  for  work  in 
the  scientific  disciplines.  The  major  granting  agencies  are  listed  in 
Table  5  for  this  and  prior  periods  representing  hundreds  of  different 
grants  and  contracts  each  year. 


Financial  Report  I  35 


Table  5.  Grants  and  Contracts 
[In  $l,000's] 


$ 


Trans. 

Federal  Agencies  FY  1974     FY  1975      FY  1976     Quarte 

Atomic  Energy  Commission  $      72 

Department  of  Commerce 184 

Department  of  Defense 872 

Department  of  Health,  Education 

and  Welfare  261 

Department  of  Interior 283 

Department  of  Labor 163 

Department  of  State 1,066 

National  Aeronautics  and  Space 

Administration     5,308 

National  Endowments  for  the  Arts 

and  Humanities 102 

National  Science  Foundation 690 

Other   995 

Total     $9,996 


84 

$    85 

$   48 

242 

218 

90 

799 

800 

212 

219 

255 

79 

246 

272 

48 

87 

162 

177 

1,549 

1,252 

242 

7,670 

6,222 

1,845 

420 

451 

174 

502 

432 

128 

474 

1,376 

944 

$12,292        $11,525        $3,987 


The  major  recipient  in  the  Institution  is  the  Smithsonian  Astro- 
physical  Observatory  which,  as  shown  in  Table  2,  expended  $8,- 
517,000,  or  55  percent  of  these  funds;  most  of  this  support  came 
from  the  National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration  for  such 
projects  as  satellite  tracking  and  research  and  development  of 
masers.  Projects  for  other  bureaux  ranged  from  studies  of  the  social 
behavior  of  harbor  seals  to  analysis  of  herbicide  concentrations  in 
the  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  an  oral  history  of  jazz  in  the  United  States. 

SMITHSONIAN  TRUST  FUNDS 

The  federal  funds  discussed  above  are  provided  to  enable  the 
Smithsonian  to  carry  out  its  responsibilities  for  the  preservation, 
research,  and  exhibition  of  the  ever-growing  national  collections  of 
valuable  cultural,  historic,  and  scientific  objects;  they  constitute 
by  far  the  largest  source  of  income  to  the  Institution  as  has  been 
the  case  for  nearly  the  past  100  years  since  the  construction  with 
appropriated  funds  of  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building,  completed 
in  1881.  Nevertheless,  the  Smithsonian's  own  nonfederal  trust 
funds  remain  the  basic  element  of  this  unique  Institution's  financial 


36   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Table  6.  Total  Trust  Funds  Income  Fiscal  Year  1976 

and  Transition  Quarter 

[In  $l,000's] 


Unrestricted  Purposes 

General  & 

Auxiliary       Special       Restricted 

Activities      Purpose*  Purposes*** 


Revenue  Sources 

FOR  OPERATING  PURPOSES: 

Investments    

Gifts     

Auxiliary  Activities  (net)    

Concessions  and  Miscellaneous 

Total  Operating  Funds  .  . 

FOR  PLANT: 

Gifts  — 

National  Zoological  Park   . . . 

Chesapeake  Bay  Center 

Cooper-Hewitt   Museum 

Total  Gifts   

Miscellaneous  — 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum 

Total  Plant  

Grand  Total  


Total 


$1,370 

$    4 

$2,137 

$  3,511 

82** 

338 

4,965 

5,385 

4,537 

- 

- 

4,537 

1,241 

1,078 

686 

3,005 

$7,230 


$1,420 


$7,788  $16,438 


$     - 

$ 

- 

$  100 

$   100 

- 

- 

5 

5 

- 

- 

428 
$  533 

428 

$  - 

$ 

- 

$   533 

$  - 

$ 

- 

$   27 

$    27 

$ 

$ 

- 

$  560 

$   560 

$7,230 

$1,420 

$8,348 

$16,998 

*  Represents  unrestricted  income  designated  by  management  to  be  used  only  for  specific 
purposes. 

h*  Excluding  $226,000  gifts  to  Associates  (included  under  Auxiliary  Activities). 

h*  Excluding  Grants  and  Contracts  shown  in  Table  5. 


structure  as  they  have  been  ever  since  the  Institution  was  estab- 
lished in  1846.  In  order  for  the  Smithsonian  to  continue  its  position 
as  an  outstanding  cultural  and  scientific  resource  for  the  entire  na- 
tion, this  important  and  flexible  source  of  support  must  be  main- 
tained and  strengthened.  Efforts  toward  this  goal  were  continued 
successfully  in  this  Bicentennial  period. 

Most  encouraging  perhaps  has  been  the  continued  success  of  the 
Associates  program,  including  the  Smithsonian  magazine,  and  also 
our  Museum  Shops  and  related  programs  featuring  sales  of  products 
based  on  interesting  and  informative  items  in  the  museum  collec- 
tions. National  Associate  memberships  again  rose  sharply  from 
just  over  900,000  in  June  1975  to  about  1,300,000  in  the  Transition 


Financial  Report  I  37 


Table  7.  Unrestricted  Trust  Funds 
General  and  Auxiliary  Activities 

(Excluding  Special  Purpose  Funds  and  Gifts  to  Endowment) 

[In  $l,000's] 


Item 


FY  1974     FY  2975 


Trans. 
FY  1976  Quarter 


INCOME 

General  Income: 

Investments  $    744  $    950 

Gifts   151  46 

Concessions  and  miscellaneous    284  228 

Total  General  Income 1,179         1,224 

Auxiliary  Activities  (net) : 

Associates    1,590  1,968 

Shops    226  417 

Press   (89)  (96) 

Performing  Arts  104  (79) 

Product  Development   37  218 

Other  Activities   (98)  (120) 

Total  Activities 1,770  2,308 

Total  Income 2,949         3,532 

EXPENDITURES  AND  TRANSFERS 

Administrative  Expense    3,957         4,780 

Less  Administrative  Recovery    3,345         3,644 

Net  Administrative  Expense   612         1,136  466 

Less  Transfers: 

To  Special  Purpose  and  Restricted  Funds 

for  Program  Purposes 

To  Plant  Funds   

To  Endowment  Funds 

NET  GAIN  (LOSS)   

ENDING  BALANCE  


$1,107 

$  263 

66 

16 

711 

530 

1,884 

809 

3,256 

1,011 

63 

153 

(146) 

(46) 

(110) 

(9) 

458 

122 

(131) 

(84) 

3,390 

1,147 

5,274 

1,956 

5,024 

1,530 

4,558 

1,201 

329 


307 

1,134 

121 

546 

97 

1,463 

290 

1,151 
2,495 
1,021 

141 

499 

207 
755 

775 

166 

$3,477 

$3,767 

$3,908 

$4,074 

Quarter.  Resident  Associate  members  in  the  Washington  area  who 
participate  here  in  special  cultural,  educational,  and  entertainment 
programs  now  exceed  40,000.  In  addition,  Associates  activities  have 
now  been  expanded  to  extend  certain  Smithsonian  events  to  about 
ten  cities  throughout  the  country  each  year. 

While  Museum  Shop  sales  have  increased,  income  was  reduced 
in  this  period  by  the  temporary  closing  of  the  Arts  and  Industries 
Building  and  by  start-up  expenses  of  new  shops  and  our  new  mail 


38  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


order  catalogue.  Improved  results,  however,  are  anticipated  for  the 
future,  particularly  with  the  completion  of  all  the  Shops,  including 
those  in  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  and  the  National 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

The  unrestricted  funds  derived  from  all  of  these  various  pro- 
grams have  been  used  to  cover  Institutional  administrative  costs, 
to  continue  a  program  of  small  research  grants,  and  to  benefit  the 
individual  bureaux  which  share  in  the  income  from  the  concessions, 
Shops,  and  Product  Development  Program.  The  Associates,  school 
children,  and  other  visitors  have  benefited  during  the  past  year 
from  the  addition  of  new  facilities  in  the  Natural  History  Building. 
Income  from  the  unrestricted  funds  enabled  the  Institution  to  take 
another  step  in  its  high-priority  program  of  increasing  its  relatively 
small  unrestricted-purpose  endowment  funds.   With  the  addition 


Table  8.  Auxiliary  Activities  for  Fiscal  Year  1976 

and  Transition  Quarter 

[In  $l,000's] 


Smith-  Per- 

Mh-       Smith-     sonian  form- 
seum      sonian      Asso-        ing 

Shops      Press*      dates  Arts 


Item  Total 

Sales  and  Revenues   .  .      $34,079     $5,274      $  265     $26,061     $1,006 
Less  Cost  of  Sales  .... 

Gross  Income  . . 

Gifts   

Other  Income   

Total  Income  . . . 

Expenses    

Administrative  Costs  . 

Income  (Loss)  Before 

Transfers    

Less  Transfers  

Net  Income  (Loss)   ...     $  3,643     $    139 


Prod- 
uct 
De- 
velop- 
ment Other** 


$730       $   743 


16,501 

3,057 
2,217 

220 
45 

13,114 
12,947 

110 

- 

- 

17,578 

896 

730 

743 

226 

— 

— 

226 

— 

- 

- 

178 

44 
2,261 

44 

30 
13,203 

16 

912 

730 

44 

17,982 

89 

787 

12,133 

1,795 

266 

8,179 

884 

128 

881 

1,312 

250 
216 

15 

757 
4,267 

147 
(119) 

22 
580 

121 

4,537 

(192) 

(215) 

894 

nn*** 

- 

629 

- 

193*** 

(5) 

$(192)    $  3,638     $  (119)       $387       $(210) 


*  The  privately  funded  activities  of  the  Press  as  opposed  to  the  federally  supported 
publication  of  research  papers. 

**  Includes  Traveling  Exhibitions,  Belmont  Conference  Center,  Photo   Sales,   Center 
for  Short-Lived  Phenomena,  Special  Publications,  and  Television  Programs. 

***  Allocations  to  the  Smithsonian  bureaux  participating  in  this  program. 


Financial  Report  I  39 


of  $1,750,000  during  the  15-month  period,  these  unrestricted  en- 
dowment funds  now  total  approximately  $7.5  million. 

Special  Purpose  Funds,  shown  separately  in  Tables  2  and  6,  in- 
clude gifts  and  other  income  received  directly  by  individual  bureaux 
for  their  general  use  or  set  aside  by  Smithsonian  management  from 
general  unrestricted  funds  for  bureau  programs  or  other  specific 
uses.  Income  to  these  funds  shown  in  Table  6  totaling  $1,420,000 
in  this  period  is  only  that  portion  received  directly — from  gifts,  for 
example,  or  from  Zoo  parking  receipts  reserved  for  future  expan- 
sion of  its  parking  facilities,  or  from  miscellaneous  sales,  performing 
arts  admissions  and  rentals.  Including  funds  from  such  items  as  in- 
terest payments  and  sharing  of  shop  proceeds,  royalties  and  con- 
cessions earnings,  total  income  to  these. Special  Purpose  Funds  in 
this  period  equaled  $2,665,000  and  expenditures  $1,248,000.  The 
balance  in  these  funds  as  of  September  30,  1976,  was  $2,488,000, 
compared  to  $1,071,000  on  June  30,  1975  (see  Balance  Sheet  on 
page  58  of  this  report). 

A  major  portion  of  Smithsonian  trust  funds  is  restricted  to 
specific  bureaux  or  activities  by  designation.  During  fiscal  year  1976 
and  the  Transition  Quarter,  the  Institution  received  $7,788,000  of 
these  restricted  funds.  Of  this  total,  $2,137,000  was  income  from 
Restricted  Endowment  Funds,  $4,965,000  was  gifts  and  grants  from 
individuals,  foundations,  and  corporations,  and  $686,000  repre- 
sented miscellaneous  receipts,  such  as  those  from  sales  desks,  bene- 
fits, and  membership  fees. 

The  major  units  receiving  these  funds  are  shown  in  Table  9.  The 
Freer  Gallery  of  Art  and  the  Fort  Pierce  Bureau  were  both  provided 
for  in  large  measure  by  endowment  dedicated  to  their  use;  the 
other  restricted  endowments,  detailed  more  fully  below,  support  a 
wide  range  of  projects  throughout  the  Institution.  Principal  activi- 
ties benefiting  from  gifts  and  grants  during  this  period  include  the 
Maritime  Hall  project  of  the  National  Museum  of  History  and 
Technology,  the  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum,  the  Freer  Gallery  of  Art, 
the  Division  of  Performing  Arts  (which  produced  the  extended 
Festival  of  American  Folklife  on  the  Mall),  and  the  Hillwood 
Museum,  which  at  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  was  transferred  to  the 
Marjorie  Merriweather  Post  Foundation  of  D.C.  Gifts  and  grants 
also  represent  a  major  source  of  support  for  programs  in  other 
areas,  and  the  Institution  is  extremely  grateful  for  this  public  sup- 


40  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Table  9.  Restricted  Operating  Trust  Funds  *  Fiscal  Year  1976 

and  Transition  Quarter 
[In  $l,000's] 


Fund 

Net 

Bal- 

Incom 

ie 

De- 

Trans- 
fers 

In- 
crease 

ance 

In- 

Total 

End 

vest- 

In- 

duc- 

In 

(De- 

of 

Fund 

ment 

Gifts 

Misc. 

come 

tions 

(Out) 

crease) 

Year 

Anacostia  Neighbor- 

hood Museum   .... 

$        - 

$    136 

$     - 

$    136 

$       68 

$     6 

$      74 

$       64 

Archives  of 

American   Art    .... 

3 

41 

141 

185 

316 

20 

(111) 

209 

Natl.  Mus.  of  Hist. 

&  Technology 

— American  Bank- 

ing Exhibit 

- 

- 

- 

— 

257 

- 

(257) 

15 

— American  Mari- 

time Hall    

- 

232 

- 

232 

198 

20 

54 

239 

— Person  to  Per- 

son Exhibit 

- 

204 

- 

204 

6 

— 

198 

198 

Cooper-Hewitt 

Museum 

— Operations    

7 

21 

180 

208 

348 

140 

- 

- 

— Special  Purpose 

Funds     

_ 

55 

22 

77 

336 

10 

(249) 

557 

Division  of  Per- 

forming Arts   

- 

1,467 

- 

1,467 

1,783 

(24) 

(340) 

2 

Fort  Pierce  Bureau   .  . 

754 

- 

9 

763 

601 

(83) 

79 

88 

Freer  Gallery   

955 

291 

276 

1,522 

1,464 

11 

69 

194 

Hillwood 

— 

407 

14 

421 

519 

- 

(98) 

2 

National  Air  and 

Space   Museum    .  .  . 

36 

243 

- 

279 

265 

95 

109 

906 

Woodrow  Wilson 

Center**    

382 

724 
1,144 

$4,965 

1 

43 

$686 

725 
1,569 

$7,788 

655 
1,541 

$8,357 

15 
(31) 

$179 

85 

(3) 

$ (390) 

326 

Other     

1,184 

$2,137 

$3,984 

*  Excluding  Grants  and  Contracts  shown  in  Table  5  and  also  Restricted  Plant  Funds 
included  in  Table  6. 
**  Included  herein  even  though  federal  funds  of  the  Center   are   not   a  part  of  this 
Report,    since    the    Smithsonian    is    by    legislative    act    the    official    recipient    and 
custodian. 


port.  A  partial  list  of  our  donors  is  included  at  the  end  of  this  re- 
port (page  51),  but  particular  mention  should  be  made  of  the  grants 
from  American  Airlines  and  General  Foods  Corporation  for  the 
Folklife  Festival,  as  well  as  a  gift  from  the  Tobacco  Institute  for  the 
Hall  of  American  Maritime  Enterprise. 


Financial  Report  I  41 


The  Archives  of  American  Art,  the  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum,  and 
the  Freer  Gallery  of  Art  also  support  their  activities  through  such 
fund-raising  efforts  as  auctions  and  tours,  as  well  as  sales  desks, 
which  are  included  under  miscellaneous  receipts. 

Generous  support  was  also  received  during  the  year  for  the 
renovation  of  the  Carnegie  Mansion  of  the  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum. 
Due  in  great  measure  to  a  matching  grant  in  this  period  from  the 
Carnegie  Corporation,  as  well  as  a  gift  from  Mr.  Henry  J.  Heinz  II, 
the  Museum  was  able  to  open  to  the  public  in  October  1976.  A 
welcome  and  specific  bequest  from  the  Estate  of  Dr.  Ivy  A.  Pelzman 
allowed  us  to  construct  a  glockenspiel  in  the  National  Zoological 
Park. 


Table  10.  Endowment  and  Similar  Funds* 
Summary  of  Investments  September  30,  1976 

Accounts  Book  Value  Market  Value 

INVESTMENT  ACCOUNTS 

Consolidated  Endowment  Funds: 

Cash  and  Equivalents   $      991,037  $      991,037 

Bonds    5,739,461  5,685,631 

Convertible  Bonds   2,555,694  2,622,258 

Stocks     31,987,962  34,333,972 

Total    $41,274,154  $43,632,898 

Miscellaneous: 

Cash    $              -0-  $              -0- 

Bonds    9,769  9,900 

Common  Stocks   3,572  16,206 

Total $        13,341  $        26,106 

Total  Investment  Accounts   $41,287,495  $43,659,004 

Other  Accounts : 

Notes  Receivable   $        46,169  $        46,169 

Loan  to  U.S.  Treasury  in  Perpetuity 1,000,000  1,000,000 

Total  Other  Accounts $  1,046,169  $  1,046,169 

Total  Endowment  and  Similar  Fund 

Balances   $42,333,664  $44,705,173 


*  Includes  both  true  endowments,  whose  income  only  may  be  expended,  and  quasi 
endowments,  whose  principal  as  well  as  income  may  be  used  for  current  purposes 
on  approval  of  the  Board  of  Regents. 


42   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


ENDOWMENT  AND  SIMILAR  FUNDS 

As  of  September  30,  1976,  the  Smithsonian  had  total  endowment 
funds  with  a  market  value  of  $44,705,000,  including  $1,000,000  on 
permanent  deposit  in  the  United  States  Treasury,  $72,000  of 
miscellaneous  securities,  and  the  Consolidated  Endowment  Fund  of 
$43,633,000  (see  Table  10).  Income  from  these  funds  is  primarily 
restricted  to  specific  purposes.  The  Consolidated  Endowment  Fund 


Table  11.  Market  Values  of  Consolidated  Endowment  Funds* 

[In  $l,000's] 

Fund                              6/30/72      6/30/73  6/30/74  6/30/75  9/30/76 

Unrestricted   $  5,102       $  4,759  $  3,906  $  5,654  $  7,477 

Freer    21,973          18,279  14,250  15,744  16,035 

Endowment  No.  3 14,641          13,196  11,128  12,321  12,701 

Restricted    8,185            7,634  6,266  7,148  7,420 

Total    $49,901       $43,868  $35,550  $40,867  $43,633 


*  Not  including  Endowment  Funds  of  $1,000,000  held  in  the  United  States  Treasury,  carrying 
6  percent  interest,  nor  minor  amount  of  miscellaneous  securities  treated  separately. 


Table  12.  Changes  in  Consolidated  Endowment  Funds  for 

Fiscal  Year  1976  and  Transition  Quarter 

[In  $l,000's] 


In- 

Inter- 

crease 

Gifts 

est 

In- 

in 

Market 

and 

and 

come 

mar- 

Market 

value 

trans- 

divi- 

paid 

Sub- 

ket 

value 

Fund 

6/30/75 

fers 

dends* 

out 

total 

value 

9/30/76 

Unrestricted  funds. 

$  5,654 

$1,801 

$    270 

$    356 

$  7,369 

$    108 

$  7,477 

Freer    Fund    

15,744 

- 

727 

955 

15,516 

519 

16,035 

Endowment  No.  3. 

12,321 

83 

572 

751 

12,225 

476 

12,701 

Restricted  funds   .  . 

7,148 
$40,867** 

119 

$2,003 

333 

405 

7,195 
$42,305 

225 
$1,328 

7,420 

Total**    

$1,902 

$2,467 

$43,633** 

*  Income  earned  less  managers  fees. 

**  Not  including  Endowment  Funds  of  $1,000,000  held  in  the  United  States  Treasury,  carrying 
6  percent  interest,  nor  minor  amount  of  miscellaneous  securities  treated  separately. 


Financial  Report  I  43 


Table  13.  Consolidated  Endowment  Funds 
September  30,  1976 


Principal 


Income 


Funds  participating  in  pool 


1976 

Unex- 

Book 

Market 

Net 

pended 

value 

value 

income 

balance 

$  7,496,759 

$  7,477,358 

$  356,035 

$422,819 

14,894,209 

16,034,710 

954,762 

189,323 

11,993,400 

12,701,121 

751,347 

-0- 

195,888 

211,369 

12,586 

2,944 

4,255 

4,034 

231 

-0- 

56,474 

79,316 

4,723 

1,002 

172,335 

164,962 

9,843 

16,568 

51,980 

70,900 

4,222 

966 

40,505 

56,838 

3,384 

6,290 

1,878 

2,024 

121 

2,023 

62,954 

58,793 

3,500 

12,354 

72,690 

78,986 

3,857 

1,784 

295,950 

285,518 

17,000 

22,596 

48,110 

54,208 

2,645 

11,170 

52,687 

87,388 

5,204 

-0- 

23,557 

25,464 

1,516 

1,777 

39,770 

55,808 

3,323 

6,373 

3,437 

3,447 

154 

-0- 

150,054 

137,053 

7,231 

-0- 

13,289 

15,103 

813 

-0- 

3,153 

3,242 

49 

1,500 

1,088 

1,085 

158 

315 

280,259 

275,772 

13,251 

35,605 

80,909 

87,414 

5,205 

10,159 

15,352 

21,533 

1,282 

4,142 

226,910 

203,519 

9,937 

-0- 

UNRESTRICTED  FUNDS 

FREER    

ENDOWMENT  NO.  3   

RESTRICTED  FUNDS: 

Abbott,  William  L 

Armstrong,  Edwin  James   

Arthur,  James   

Bacon,  Virginia  Purdy 

Baird,  Spencer  Fullerton 

Barney,  Alice  Pike 

Barstow,  Frederic  D 

Batchelor,  Emma  E 

Beauregard,  Catherine 

Memorial  Fund 

Becker,  George  F 

Brown,  Roland  W 

Canfield,  Frederick  A 

Casey,  Thomas  Lincoln 

Chamberlain,  Frances  Lea   

Cooper,  G.  Arthur,  Curator's  Fund 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum   

Desautels,  Paul  E 

Div.  of  Mammals  Curator  Fund  .  . 
Div.  of  Reptiles  Curator  Fund  .... 

Drake,  Carl  J 

Dykes,  Charles   

Eickemeyer,  Florence  Brevoort  .  .  . 
Guggenheim,  David  and  Florence  . 
Hanson,  Martin  Gustav  and 

Caroline  Runice    16,707 

Henderson,  Edward  P. 

Meteorite  Fund 577 

Hillyer,  Virgil   12,352 

Hitchcock,  Albert  S 2,223 

Hrdlicka,  Ales  and  Marie 88,282 

Hughes,  Bruce 27,026 

Johnson,  E.  R.  Fenimore 15,347 

Kellogg,  Remington,  Memorial   .  . .  46,085 

Kramar,  Nada  5,049 

Lindsey,  Jessie  H 1,277 

Loeb,  Morris    164,038 

Long,  Annette  E.  and  Edith  C 764 

Lyons,  Marcus  Ward 8,230 

Maxwell,  Mary  E 27,695 

Myer,  Catherine  Walden 37,972 

Nelson,  Edward  William 33,969 


18,050 


1,075 


1,578 


705 

37 

70 

13,354 

795 

4,197 

3,177 

189 

425 

98,745 

5,880 

4,003 

37,978 

2,261 

20,357 

13,365 

796 

6,161 

39,515 

2,333 

4,625 

5,162 

61 

60 

1,302 

38 

952 

179,019 

10,659 

-0- 

1,106 

66 

125 

7,216 

429 

-0- 

38,912 

2,317 

5,155 

41,029 

2,443 

5,218 

44,065 

2,624 

4,713 

44   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Table  13.  Consolidated  Endowment  Funds 
September  30, 1976 — continued 


Funds  participating  in  pool 

Noyes,  Frank  B 

Pell,  Cornelia  Livingston 

Petrocelli,  Joseph,  Memorial   .  . 
Ramsey,  Admiral  and  Mrs. 

DeWitt  Clinton 

Rathbun,  Richard,  Memorial  . . 

Reid,  Addison  T 

Roebling  Collection   

Roebling  Solar  Research    

Rollins,  Miriam  and  William   . 

Ruef,  Bertha  M 

Smithsonian  Agency  Account   . 

Sprague,  Joseph  White 

Springer,  Frank 

Stevenson,  John  A 

Strong,  Julia  D 

T.  F.  H.  Publications,  Inc 

Walcott,  Charles  D 

Walcott,  Charles  D.  and 

Mary  Vaux    

Walcott  Botanical  Publications 
Zerbee,   Francis   Brinckle    

Total  Restricted  Funds  . 

Total  Consolidated 
Endowment  Funds   . . . 


Principal 


Income 


1976 

Unex- 

Book 

Market 

Net 

pended 

value 

value 

income 

balance 

1,819 

2,068 

124 

1,459 

13,942 

15,146 

901 

3,219 

10,461 

14,760 

879 

8,048 

479,025 

422,240 

25,958 

2,926 

20,001 

21,702 

1,292 

12,088 

33,426 

36,112 

2,151 

1,299 

170,580 

238,034 

14,174 

-0- 

46,623 

46,661 

2,778 

714 

291,116 

356,419 

20,821 

2,452 

59,854 

52,082 

3,101 

4,387 

230,762 

219,868 

12,124 

1,198 

2,152,156 

2,132,615 

102,471 

10,680 

25,604 

35,520 

1,839 

19,887 

8,957 

9,650 

471 

70 

18,801 

20,393 

1,214 

5,290 

24,349 

24,457 

983 

7,870 

187,767 

221,727 

10,654 

327 

649,902 

911,358 

54,266 

17,514 

82,223 

110,553 

6,582 

6,151 

1,341 

1,868 

112 

1,752 

$  6,889,786 

$  7,419,709 

$  405,133 

$302,538 

$41,274,154 

$43,632,898 

$2,467,277 

$914,680 

consists  of  the  Freer  Fund,  whose  income  supports  the  operation 
of  the  Freer  Gallery  of  Art,  Endowment  Fund  No.  3,  used  for 
oceanographic  research  at  the  Fort  Pierce  Bureau  in  Florida,  and  a 
great  number  of  smaller  restricted  and  unrestricted  funds  (listed  in 
Table  13)  for  a  variety  of  research  and  museum  projects.  Unre- 
stricted endowment  funds  totaled  $7,477,000,  or  17  percent  of  the 
total.  Separate  accounting  records  are,  of  course,  maintained  on 
each  of  these  various  endowments,  but  for  investment  purposes 
they  have  been  pooled  since  June  1, 1974,  into  the  one  fund.  Market 
values  of  the  Consolidated  Endowment  Fund  since  1972  are  shown 
in  Table  11. 


Financial  Report  I  45 


The  investment  management  of  the  endowment  funds  of  the 
Institution,  with  the  exception  of  $1,000,000  on  permanent  deposit 
and  the  miscellaneous  securities,  is  conducted  by  three  professional 
advisory  firms,  under  the  close  surveillance  of  the  Investment 
Policy  Committee  and  the  Treasurer,  and  is  subject  to  policy  guide- 
lines set  by  the  Smithsonian's  Board  of  Regents.  As  described  in 
prior  reports,  the  Institution  follows  the  total  return  policy,  adopted 
by  the  Board  of  Regents  in  1972,  under  which  income  is  paid  by 
each  individual  endowment  fund  at  the  annual  rate  of  4V2  percent 
of  the  running  5-year  average  of  market  values,  adjusted  for  addi- 
tions or  withdrawals  of  capital. 

As  indicated  previously,  the  Smithsonian  in  this  last  fiscal  period 
was  able  to  transfer  $1,750,000  from  current  unrestricted  income 
into  endowment  funds,  in  furtherance  of  its  goal  to  increase  such 
funds  to  a  level  more  in  proportion  to  the  present  operations  of  the 
Institution.  Every  effort  will  be  made  to  continue  this  practice  in 
future  years. 

The  changes  in  the  Consolidated  Endowment  Funds  over  the  past 
15  months,  due  to  transfers,  reinvestment  of  income,  donations,  and 
values  in  the  securities  markets,  are  shown  in  Table  12.  The  in- 
crease in  market  value  during  this  period  indicates  a  market  per- 
formance roughly  in  line  with  the  major  market  indexes.  Income  of 
$2,467,000,  net  of  managers'  and  custodial  fees,  was  paid  out  dur- 
ing the  15-month  period  under  the  total  return  policy;  this  was 
$565,000  greater  than  the  $1,902,000  from  dividends  and  interest 
yield.  A  breakdown  of  the  income  to  the  various  funds  participating 
in  the  Consolidated  Endowment  Funds  is  shown  in  Table  13, 
together  with  the  book  and  market  values  of  these  funds.  Table  10 
provides  detail  on  the  types  of  securities  held  by  the  Institution.  A 
listing  of  the  individual  investments  held  in  the  Consolidated  En- 
dowment Funds  at  September  30,  1976,  may  be  obtained  upon 
request  to  the  Treasurer  of  the  Institution. 

ACCOUNTING  AND  AUDITING 

The  nonfederal  Trust  Funds  of  the  Institution  are  audited  annually 
by  independent  public  accountants  as  they  have  been  at  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Regents  since 
1909.  Their  report  for  fiscal  year  1976  and  the  Transition  Quarter 


46  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


is  contained  in  the  following  pages,  including  a  comparative  balance 
sheet  and  a  statement  of  the  changes  in  various  fund  balances. 

The  Defense  Contract  Audit  Agency  annually  performs  an  audit 
on  grant  and  contract  moneys  received  from  federal  agencies.  In 
addition,  the  federally  appropriated  funds  of  the  Institution  are 
subject  to  audit  by  the  General  Accounting  Office  which,  at  year's 
end,  was  conducting  a  general  review  of  Smithsonian  finances.  The 
internal  audit  staff  continued  its  program  of  selective  audits  during 
the  year,  contributing  to  continued  improvements  in  administrative 
and  financial  management. 


Gifts  and  Bequests  to  the  Smithsonian 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  gratefully  acknowledges  gifts  and  be- 
quests received  during  fiscal  year  1976  from  the  following: 


$100,000  or  more: 


American  Airlines  Incorporated 
American  Telephone  and  Telegraph 

Company 
Carnegie  Corporation  of  New  York 
Estate  of  Edith  Ehrman 
Federal  Republic  of  Germany 


The  Ford  Foundation 
General  Foods  Corporation 
Hillwood  Trust 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Packard 
Estate  of  Ivy  A.  Pelzman 
The  Rockefeller  Foundation 


$10,000  or  more: 


Alcoa  Foundation 

Anonymous 

Appalachian  Power  Company 

The  Arcadia  Foundation 

The  Barra  Foundation,  Inc. 

BASF  Wyandotte  Corporation 

Margaret  T.  Biddle  Foundation 

Mr.  George  Barry  Bingham,  Jr. 

Miss  Helen  W.  Buckner 

The  Morris  and  Gwendolyn  Cafritz 

Foundation 
Calhoon  Meba  Engineering  School 
CBS  Foundation,  Inc. 
Ceramica-Stiftung 
Certain-teed  Products  Corporation 
Chevron  Chemical  Company 
The  Coca  Cola  Company 
The  Edna  McConnell  Clark 

Foundation 


Crane  Co. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  William  H.  Crocker 

Crowley  Maritime  Corporation 

John  Deere  Foundation 

Diamond  Shamrock 

The  Henry  L.  and  Grace  Doherty 

Charitable  Foundation,  Inc. 
Doubleday  &  Company,  Inc. 
The  Dow  Chemical  Company 
The  T.  M.  Evans  Foundation 
EXXON  Corporation 
Federal  Barge  Lines,  Inc. 
Max  C.  Fleischmann  Foundation 
FMC  Foundation 
Ford  Motor  Company 
Gulf  Oil  Corporation 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Herbert  Hawkes 
Mr.  H.  J.  Heinz  II 
The  Higbee  Company 


Financial  Report  I  47 


$10,000  or  more — continued 


Mrs.  Patricia  Kendall  Hurd 
International  Business  Machines 

Corporation 
S.  C.  Johnson  and  Son 
The  J.  M.  Kaplan  Fund,  Inc. 
Samuel  H.  Kress  Foundation 
Mrs.  Edith  MacGuire 
Richard  King  Mellon  Foundation 
The  Charles  E.  Merrill  Trust 
Estate  of  Mr.  William  A.  Mitchell 
Mr.  Benjamin  B.  Morgan 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  B.  Morgan 
Philip  Morris  Incorporated 
Estate  of  Alfred  Mussinan 
National  Geographic  Society 
New  York  State  Council  on  the  Arts 
Edward  John  Noble  Foundation 
Northrop  Corporation 
Occidental  Petroleum  Corporation 
The  Ohio  River  Company 
Otis  Elevator  Company 
Pepsico  Foundation,  Inc. 
Pew  Memorial  Trust 
Pfizer,  Inc. 

Phelps  Dodge  Corporation 
The  Marjorie  Merriweather  Post 

Foundation  of  D.C. 


Relm  Foundaton 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ralph  C.  Rinzler 

Rockefeller  Brothers  Fund 

Mr.  John  D.  Rockefeller  III 

Rohm  and  Haas  Company 

Shell  Oil  Company 

Lewis  and  Rosa  Strauss  Memorial 

Fund 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bertrand  L.  Taylor  III 
The  Tinker  Foundation 
The  Tobacco  Institute,  Inc. 
Tupper  Foundation 
Union  Mechling  Corporation 
United  States  Steel  Foundation,  Inc. 
University  of  Notre  Dame 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Jeremy  P.  Waletsky 
DeWitt  Wallace  Fund,  Inc. 
The  Washington  Post 
Water  Transport  Association 
Mr.  Thomas  J.  Watson,  Jr. 
The  Weatherhead  Foundation 
Wells  Fargo  Bank 
Western  Union  Corporation 
Matilda  Wilson  Fund 
Women's  Committee  of  the 

Smithsonian  Associates 
World  Wildlife  Fund 


$1,000  or  more: 


Mr.  Frederick  R.  Adler 
AKC  Fund,  Inc. 
Aldine  Publishing  Company 
The  Alvord  Foundation 
Amax  Foundation,  Inc. 
American  Can  Company 
American  Cyanamid  Company 
American  Institute  of  Marine 

Underwriters 
American  International  Underwriters 

Corporation 
American  Metal  Climax  Foundation 
American  Ornithologists  Union 
American  Security  and  Trust 

Company 
American  Sign  &  Indicator 

Corporation 
American  Studies  Association 


American  University 

Amos  Press,  Incorporated 

Anonymous 

Art  Associaton  of  Newport  Rhode 

Island 
Ashland  Oil,  Inc. 
The  Vincent  Astor  Foundation 
Avanti  Motor  Corporation 
Bank  of  America  Foundation 
The  Barra  Foundation 
Mrs.  Evelyn  F.  Bartlett 
The  Bass  Foundation 
Bath  Iron  Works  Corporation 
Mr.  Henry  C.  Beck,  Jr. 
The  Bedminster  Fund,  Inc. 
The  Bendix  Corporation 
Beneficial  Foundation,  Inc. 
Estate  of  Joseph  Bernstein 


48  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


$1,000  or  more — continued 


Bethlehem  Steel  Corporation 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Booker 

Mr.  Daniel  J.  Boorstin 

Borden,  Inc. 

The  Boswell  Oil  Company 

Mrs.  Beulah  Boyd 

Mrs.  John  L.  Bradley 

Brent  Towing  Company,  Inc. 

Mrs.  Mabel  A.  B.  Brooks 

Mr.  John  Nicholas  Brown 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keith  S.  Brown 

Bucyrus-Erie  Company 

Bunge  Corporation 

Mr.  John  A.  Burnham,  Jr. 

Butterick  Fashion  Marketing 

Company 
Cables  Electricos  Ecuatorianos  C.A. 
Mr.  Robert  P.  Caldwell 
Canal  Barge  Company,  Inc. 
Cargo  Carriers,  Incorporated 
Guy  Carpenter  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Castle  &  Cooke,  Inc. 
Caterpillar  Tractor  Company 
Central  Telephone  &  Utilities 

Corporation 
Centran  Bank  of  Akron 
Champion  Spark  Plug  Company 
CIBA-CEIGY  Corporation 
City  Investing  Company 
Mr.  Peter  Clark 
Continental  Bank  International 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  W.  Cooper 
Copernicus  Society  of  America 
Corinthian  Broadcasting  Corporation 
Miss  Dorothy  Corliss 
Mrs.  Rosemary  B.  Corroon 
Miss  Nina  J.  Cullinane 
Mr.  Nathan  Cummings 
Royal  Danish  Embassy 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ron  Dante 
Dillingham  Corporation 
Dixie  Carriers,  Inc. 
Joseph  C.  Domino,  Inc. 
Mr.  William  W.  Donnell 
Dravo  Corporation 
Alice  and  Leonard  Dreyfuss 

Foundation 
Duke  University 
Earhart  Foundation 


Eastern  States  Sign  Council,  Inc. 

Eastman  Kodak 

Eaton  Corporation 

Mr.  Robert  Ellsworth 

Mr.  Alfred  U.  Elser,  Jr. 

The  Charles  Engelhard  Foundation 

The  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society 

of  the  United  States 
EXXON  Company,  U.S.A. 
Miss  Frances  J.  Fahnestock 
First  National  City  Bank 
Mrs.  Bella  Fishko 
Fluor  Corporation 
Ford's  Theatre  Society 
Foremost  McKesson,  Inc. 
Mr.  Hamilton  C.  Forman 
Mr.  S.  S.  Forrest,  Jr. 
Foss  Launch  &  Tug 
Friends  of  Music  at  the  Smithsonian 
G  &  C  Towing  Inc. 
General  Electric  Company 
Dr.  Gordon  D.  Gibson 
Gladders  Barge  Line,  Inc. 
G.  W.  Gladders  Towing  Company, 

Inc. 
The  Griffis  Foundation,  Inc. 
Mr.  Melville  Bell  Grosvenor 
Carter  Hawley  Hale  Stores,  Inc. 
Edith  Gregor  Halpert  Foundation 
Hallmark  Educational  Foundation 
Mr.  Armand  Hammer 
The  Honorable  Averell  W.  Harriman 
Professor  George  W.  Hilton 
Janet  A.  Hooker  Charitable  Trust 
Johns  Hopkins  University 
Hughes  Aircraft  Company 
Ingersoll-Rand  Company 
Ingram  Barge  Company 
Interdisciplinary  Communications 

Associates,  Inc. 
Interstate  Oil  Transport  Company 
IU  International 
The  JDR  3rd  Fund 
Johnson  &  Higgins 
Mrs.  Ruth  Cole  Kainen 
Charles  F.  Kettering  Foundation 
Mr.  Irving  Kingsford 
The  Alice  G.  K.  Kleberg  Fund 
Estate  of  Nada  Kramar 


Financial  Report  I  49 


$1,000  or  more — -continued 


The  Lauder  Foundation 

Mr.  Cyrus  J.  Lawrence 

Mrs.  Halleck  Lefferts 

The  Liberian  Foundation,  Inc. 

Howard  &  Jean  Lipman  Foundation, 

Inc. 
Lober  Charitable  Fund 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  B.  Loch 
Mrs.  John  E.  Long 
Mr.  Joseph  O.  Losos 
S.  C.  Loveland  Co.,  Inc. 
The  Magowan  Family  Foundation, 

Inc. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  A.  Marsteller 
Massey-Ferguson  Limited 
Louis  B.  Mayer  Foundation 
Chauncey  and  Marion  Deering 

McCormick  Foundation 
Mr.  Vasco  McCoy,  Jr. 
The  Honorable  George  C.  McGhee 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eugene  McHenry 
Mr.  Robert  S.  McNamara 
Mr.  Giles  Mead 
Merck  and  Co.,  Inc. 
Mobil  Foundation,  Inc. 
Morgan  Guaranty  Trust  Company 
Mote  Marine  Laboratory 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Mudd 
National  Maritime  Union  of  America 
National  Research  Council 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  U.  Nef 
New  World  Records 
Nissan  Motor  Corporation,  U.S.A. 
Olive  Bridge  Fund  Inc. 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

New  Jersey 
Palisades  Foundation,  Inc. 
The  Park  Foundation 
Patcraft  Mills 
Peretz  Fund  of  the  Combined  Jewish 

Philanthropies  of  Greater  Boston, 

Inc. 
Pfizer  International,  Inc. 
The  Pioneer  Foundation 
Mr.  M.  P.  Potamkin 
PPG  Industries,  Inc. 
Frederick  Henry  Prince  Trust  7/9/47 
Procter  &  Gamble  Fund 
Propeller  Club  of  Port  Everglades 


Propeller  Club  of  Houston 
Propeller  Club  Port  of  New  York 
Reynolds  Metals  Company 
Miss  Esther  M.  Ridder 
The  Ridgefield  Foundation 
The  Riggs  National  Bank  of 

Washington,  D.C. 
Josephine  C.  Robinson  Foundation 
Mr.  Steven  Rockefeller 
Madame  Augusto  Rosso 
Charles  E.  Sampson  Memorial  Fund 
Mr.  A.  A.  Seeligson,  Jr. 
Miss  Gertrude  Hochschild  Sergievsky 
The  Sidney  Printing  and  Publishing 

Company 
Sign  &  Display  Industry  Promotion 

Fund 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leonard  L.  Silverstein 
Charles  E.  Smith  Family  Foundation 
Sperry  Rand  Corporation 
The  Seth  Sprague  Educational  and 

Charitable  Foundation 
Standard  Oil  Company  of  California 
Stauffer  Chemical  Company 
Miss  Elizabeth  Stein 
Mrs.  Matthew  W.  Stirling 
Stroheim  &  Romann 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Hadley  Stuart,  Jr. 
Mary  Horner  Stuart  Foundation 
Sumner  Gerard  Foundation 
The  Symonds  Foundation 
Mrs.  Carola  Terwilliger 
Time  Incorporated 
Todd  Shipyards  Corporation 
Toyota  Motor  Sales,  U.S.A.,  Inc. 
Transportation  Institute 
Mr.  John  J.  Trelawney 
T.R.W.  Foundation,  Inc. 
Marcia  Brady  Tucker  Foundation,  Inc. 
Union  Oil  Company  of  California 
Upper  Mississippi  Towing 

Corporation 
U.S.  Independent  Telephone 

Association 
The  Valley  Line  Company 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Waaland 
Mr.  Richard  W.  Weatherhead 
Wedgwood 
Ellen  Bayard  Weedon  Foundation 


50  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


$1,000  or  more — continued 


Willcox,  Baringer 
F.  W.  Woolworth  Co. 
World  Sign  Associates 


Charles  W.  Wright  Foundation  of 
Badger  Meter,  Inc. 


$500  or  more: 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  Clay  Adams 

American  Honda  Motor  Co.,  Inc. 

Mr.  William  S.  Anderson 

Mrs.  Anna  Bing  Arnold 

Mr.  James  C.  Barbour 

The  Becton,  Dickinson  Foundation 

Mr.  Arthur  H.  Bissell,  Jr. 

Mr.  George  S.  Breidenback 

Brilliant  Electric  Signs,  Inc. 

Mr.  John  Lee  Bunce 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Emile  L.  Cahn 

Campbell  Barge  Line 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Haig  Carapetyan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Collins  L.  Carter 

Miss  Ida  L.  Clement 

Cord  Foundation 

Corning  Glass  Works  Foundation 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fred  W.  Corwin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  Devlin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bern  Dibner 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  V.  Disney 

Mrs.  William  Doniger 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maitland  Edey 

E.  H.  Edwards  Company 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Malcom  Farmer 

Dr.  Martin  B.  Flamm 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Fox 

Mr.  James  C.  Frits 

Colonel  and  Mrs.  Robert  W.  Fuller  III 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Milton  M.  Gatch 

General  Stevedores,  Inc. 

The  Rev.  and  Mrs.  C.  Leslie  Glenn 

Miss  Anne  Golovin 

The  Goodyear  Tire  and  Rubber 

Company 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Grant,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Greensfelder 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  W.  E.  Harvey 
Miss  Gertrude  Heare 
The  Sidney  L.  Hechinger  Foundation 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  C.  Henderson 
Mrs.  Amy  E.  Higgins 
Dr.  J.  Raymond  Hinshaw 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  F.  Hogan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick  D.  Houghton 

Mrs.  Jaquelin  H.  Hume 

Mrs.  Dorothy  P.  Jackson 

Mrs.  Howell  E.  Jackson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Evan  E.  James 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  Frank  James,  Jr. 

Fred  S.  James  &  Co.  of  New  York,  Inc. 

Mr.  William  R.  Jamison 

Misses  Beryle  Jeter  and  Helen  Jeter 

Katzenberger  Foundation,  Inc. 

The  M.  W.  Kellogg  Company 

Atwater  Kent  Foundation,  Inc. 

Mr.  Lawrence  E.  Korwin 

Miss  Marguerite  LeLaurin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lee  T.  Lincoln 

Louchheim  Philanthropic  Fund 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lealon  Martin 

Maxon  Marine  Industries,  Inc. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Mayer 

Mr.  Joe  D.  McCain 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  R.  Mecinski 

Melweb  Signs,  Inc. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herbert  L.  Meschke 

Mitchell,  Hutchins  Inc. 

Ms.  Anne  M.  Monteno 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  E.  Mueller 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  D.  Munro 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Corneal  B.  Myers 

National  Bank  of  Detrot 

National  Capital  Shell  Club 

National  Electric  Sign  Association, 

Southeast  Region 
Ogden  Marine,  Inc. 
Mr.  Mandell  J.  Ourisman 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

Oklahoma 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

New  York 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

Texas 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Page 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jules  J.  Paglin 


Financial  Report  I  51 


$500  or  more — continued 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Clarence  M.  Pierce 
Propeller  Club  of  the  United  States, 

Port  of  Boston,  Inc. 
Propeller  Club  of  United  States,  Port 

of  Jacksonville,  Florida 
Propeller  Club  of  Norfolk 
Propeller  Club  of  the  United  States, 

Port  of  Portland,  Me. 
Propeller  Club  of  the  United  States, 

Port  of  Savannah 
Propeller  Club  of  the  United  States 

Port  of  the  Twin  Cities,  Minn. 
Revlon  International  Corporation 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  H.  Risenpart 
Miss  Eileen  Rockefeller 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  R.  Rosenthal 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donald  M.  Ross 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rucker  Ryland 
Honorable  Herbert  Salzman 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  Albert  Sanford 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carl  L.  Selden 


Mr.  Sidney  N.  Shure 

Mr.  Stephen  Sloan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  C.  Spink 

The  Starr  Foundation 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morgan  Stedman 

SYBRON  Corporation 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  K.  Thompson,  Jr. 

Miss  Jeanne  L.  Tillotson 

Mr.  John  B.  Trevor,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Christopher  Tunnard 

Mrs.  Virginia  B.  Wajno 

The  Raymond  John  Wean  Foundation 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  M. 

Weidenhammer 
Mr.  Stephen  Weil 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herbert  A.  Whiting 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  C.  Wiedemann 
Mrs.  Anthony  T.  Wilson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  A.  Wise 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  O.  Zimmerman 


We  also  gratefully  acknowledge  other  contributions  in  excess  of 
$200,000  received  from  approximately  4,000  contributors  in  1976. 


52  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


PEAT,  MARWICK,  MITCHELL  &  CO. 

CERTIFIED  PUBLIC  ACCOUNTANTS 

1025  CONNECTICUT  AVENUE,  N.W. 

WASHINGTON,  D.C.  20036 


The  Board  of  Regents 
Smithsonian  Institution: 

We  have  examined  the  balance  sheet  of  the  Trust  Funds  (formerly 
designated  as  Private  Funds)  of  Smithsonian  Institution  as  of  Sep- 
tember 30,  1976  and  the  related  statement  of  changes  in  fund 
balances  for  the  fifteen  months  then  ended.  Such  statements  do 
not  include  the  accounts  of  the  National  Gallery  of  Art,  the  John 
F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts,  nor  other  departments, 
bureaus  and  operations  administered  by  the  Institution  under 
Federal  appropriations  as  detailed  in  note  2  to  the  financial  state- 
ments. Our  examination  was  made  in  accordance  with  generally 
accepted  auditing  standards,  and  accordingly  included  such  tests  of 
the  accounting  records  and  such  other  auditing  procedures  as  we 
considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances. 

In  our  opinion,  the  aforementioned  financial  statements  present 
fairly  the  financial  position  of  the  Trust  Funds  of  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution at  September  30, 1976  and  the  changes  in  its  fund  balances 
for  the  fifteen  months  then  ended,  in  conformity  with  generally 
accepted  accounting  principles  applied  on  a  basis  consistent  with 
that  of  the  preceding  year. 

PEAT,  MARWICK,  MITCHELL  &  CO. 


December  3, 1976 


Financial  Report  I  53 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION— TRUST  FUNDS 
Balance  Sheet 

September  30,  1976  (with  comparative  figures  at  June  30, 1975) 

Assets  1976  1975 

CURRENT  FUNDS: 

Cash: 

In  U.  S.  Treasury  $      820,381  543,741 

In  banks  and  on  hand 694,934  234,479 

Total  cash    1,515,315  778,220 

Investments  (note  3)   8,149,723  10,149,875 

Receivables : 

Accounts  and  notes,  less  allowance  for  doubtful 

accounts  of  $446,000  ($340,000  in  1975) 4,821,815  1,882,057 

Advances — travel  and  other   448,200  454,775 

Unbilled  costs  and  fees — grants  and  contracts   .  .  2,219,357  2,271,060 

Due  from  agency  funds -  246,032 

Total  receivables    7,489,372  4,853,924 

Inventories     1,937,426  1,118,688 

Prepaid  expenses    951,127  462,278 

Deferred  expenses   2,482,308  1,749,229 

Capitalized  improvements  and  equipment,  used  in 

income  producing  activities,  net  of  accumulated 

depreciation  and  amortization  of  $724,198 

($537,538  in  1975)    1,069,862  597,610 

Total  current  funds   $23,595,133  19,709,824 

ENDOWMENT  AND  SIMILAR  FUNDS: 

Cash,  net  of  receivables  and  payables  on  securities 

transactions   437,312  41,063 

Notes  receivable 46,169  48,354 

Due  from  current  funds   553,725  316,043 

Investments  (note  3)   40,296,458  40,015,177 

Loan  to  U.  S.  Treasury  in  perpetuity  at  6%  1,000,000  1,000,000 

Total  endowment  and  similar  funds   $42,333,664  41,420,637 


PLANT  FUNDS: 

Due  from  current  funds  41,836  461,266 

Real  estate  (note  4)   9,875,562  6,230,034 


Total  plant  funds $  9,917,398         6,691,300 


AGENCY  FUNDS: 

Investments   10,000  10,000 

Due  from  current  funds   371,990  386,507 

Total  agency  funds   $      381,990  396,507 

See  accompanying  notes  to  financial  statements. 


Liabilities  and  Fund  Balances  1976 

CURRENT  FUNDS: 

Note  payable — secured  $  - 

Accounts  payable  and  accrued  liabilities 2,770,747 

Due  to  plant  funds 41,836 

Due  to  agency  funds  371,990 

Due  to  endowment  and  similar  funds 553,725 

Deferred  income: 

Magazine   subscriptions    7,855,793 

Other    1,354,519 

Total  liabilities  

Fund  balances: 
Unrestricted: 

General  purpose 

Special  purpose 

Total  unrestricted    

Restricted     

Total  fund  balances 

Total  current  funds  

ENDOWMENT  AND  SIMILAR  FUNDS: 

Fund  balances: 

Endowment     

Quasi-endowment : 

Restricted 

Unrestricted    

Total  quasi-endowment    

Total  endowment  and  similar  funds 

PLANT  FUNDS: 

Mortgage  notes  payable  (note  4)   

Accrued  liabilities   

Fund  balances: 
Acquisition  fund: 

Unrestricted     37,499 

Restricted 685 

38,184 
Investment  in  plant 9,670,740 

Total  plant  funds    $  9,917,398 

AGENCY  FUNDS: 

Due  to  current  funds - 

Deposits  held  in  custody  for  others 381,990 

Total  agency  funds   $      381,990 


1975 


95,920 

3,261,971 

461,266 

386,507 

316,043 

5,215,531 
655,955 


12,948,610 

10,393,013 

4,074,326 

3,767,375 

2,488,013 

1,071,155 

6,562,339 

4,838,530 

4,084,184 

4,478,281 

10,646,523 

9,316,811 

$23,595,133 

19,709,824 

32,654,170 

33,354,530 

2,196,108 

2,224,323 

7,483,386 

5,841,784 

9,679,494 

8,066,107 

$42,333,664 

41,420,637 

204,822 

269,718 

3,652 

10,120 

379,827 
71,319 


451,146 
5,960,316 

6,691,300 


246,032 
150,475 

396,507 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION— TRUST  FUNDS 

Statement  of  Changes  in  Fund  Balances 

Fifteen  Months  ended  September  30,  1976 


REVENUE  AND  OTHER  ADDITIONS: 

Auxiliary  enterprises  revenue $34,887,301 

Federal  grants  and  contracts   15,507,598 

Investment  income  (net  of  $136,759  management  and 

custodian   fees)    

Gains  (losses)  on  sale  of  securities 

Gifts,  bequests  and  foundation  grants   

Additions  to  equity  in  real  estate 

Rentals,  fees  and  commissions    2,010,095         2,010,095 

Other— net    940,230  254,586 


Total 

Total 

current 

unrestricted 

funds 

funds 

$34,887,301 

34,887,301 

15,507,598 

- 

2,944,185 

1,285,137 

2,303 

2,303 

5,609,957 

645,285 

Total  revenue  and  other  additions  61,901,669       39,084,707 


EXPENDITURES  AND  OTHER  DEDUCTIONS: 

Research  and  educational  expenditures    21,776,720  1,688,924 

Administrative  expenditures   5,733,615  1,945,545 

Auxiliary  enterprises  expenditures   28,930,162  28,930,162 

Expended  for  real  estate  and  equipment  40,283 

Retirement  of  indebtedness -  - 

Interest  on  indebtedness    -  - 


Total  expenditures  and  other  deductions    56,480,780       32,564,631 


TRANSFERS  AMONG  FUNDS— ADDITIONS  (DEDUCTIONS) : 

Mandatory — principal  and  interest  on  notes   (81,708)  (81,708) 

Portion  of  investment  gain  appropriated   555,074  86,060 

For  plant  acquisition   (2,631,886)  (2,631,886) 

Income  added  to  endowment  principal (158,089)  - 

Appropriated   as   quasi-endowment    (1,793,361)  (1,776,316) 

For  designated  purposes -  (392,417) 

Endowment  released  18,793  - 

Net  increase  in  auxiliary  activities  -  - 

Total  transfers  among  funds — additions  (deductions)   .  .  (4,091,177)  (4,796,267) 

Net  increase  (decrease)  for  the  period  1,329,712  1,723,809 

Fund  balances  at  lune  30,  1975 9,316,811  4,838,530 

Fund  balances  at  September  30,  1976 $10,646,523  6,562,339 

See  accompanying  notes  to  financial  statements. 


56  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Current  funds 


Unrestricted 


General       Auxiliary  Special 

purpose        activities  purpose 


Restricted 


Endowment 

and  similar 

funds 


Plant  funds 


Investment 
Acquisition       in  plant 


-       34,257,621 


629,680 


— 

— 

— 

15,507,598 

— 

— 

— 

1,281,462 

_ 

3,675 

1,659,048 

_ 

320 

_ 

2,303 

- 

- 

- 

(533,929) 

- 

- 

81,244 

225,576 

338,465 

4,964,672 

69,373 

532,743 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

3,710,424 

1,749,863 

- 

260,232 

- 

- 

- 

- 

66,605 

- 

187,981 
1,420,033 

685,644 
22,816,962 

- 

27,344 
560,407 

- 

3,181,477 

34,483,197 

(464,556) 

3,710,424 

820,432 

868,492 

20,087,796 

550,206 

1,311,705 

83,634 

3,788,070 

- 

- 

- 

- 

28,634,061 

296,101 

- 

- 

- 

- 

40,283 


3,605,255 
64,896 
16,812 


1,370,638 

29,945,766 

1,248,227 

23,916,149 

- 

3,686,963 

- 

(81,708) 

81,708 

86,060 

- 

- 

469,014 

(555,074) 

- 

- 

(2,620,386) 

- 

(11,500) 

- 

- 

2,631,886 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(158,089) 

158,089 

- 

- 

(1,776,316) 

- 

- 

(17,045) 

1,793,361 

- 

- 

(1,384,407) 

(264,562) 

1,256,552 

392,417 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

18,793 

(18,793) 

- 

- 

4,272,869 

(4,272,869) 
(4,537,431) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(1,503,888) 

1,245,052 
1,416,858 

705,090 
(394,097) 

1,377,583 
913,027 

2,713,594 
(412,962) 

- 

306,951 

3,710,424 

3,767,375 

- 

1,071,155 
2,488,013 

4,478,281 
4,084,184 

41,420,637 
42,333,664 

451,146 
38,184 

5,960,316 

4,074,326 

- 

9,670,740 

Financial  Report  I  57 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION— TRUST  FUNDS 

Notes  to  Financial  Statements 

September  30,  1976 


1.  Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  General  Information 

a.  The  statement  of  changes  in  fund  balances  reflects  transactions  for  the 
fifteen  months  ended  September  30,  1976,  as  a  result  of  a  change  in  the 
Institution's  fiscal  year  from  June  30  to  September  30. 

b.  Accrual  Basis — The  financial  statements  of  Smithsonian  Institution — Trust 
Funds  (previously  designated  as  Private  Funds)  (note  2)  have  been  pre- 
pared on  the  accrual  basis,  except  for  depreciation  of  plant  fund  assets  as 
explained  in  note  l(i)  below,  and  are  in  conformity  with  generally  accepted 
accounting  principles  included  in  the  American  Institute  of  Certified  Public 
Accountants  Audit  Guide  "Audits  of  Colleges  and  Universities." 

c.  Current  funds  include  capitalized  improvements  and  equipment  used  in 
income-producing  activities  having  a  net  carrying  value  of  $1,069,862  and 
$597,610  at  September  30,  1976  and  June  30,  1975,  respectively.  Current 
funds  used  to  finance  the  acquisition  of  plant  assets  and  for  provisions  for 
debt  amortization  and  interest  are  accounted  for  as  transfers  to  the  plant 
fund. 

Separate  sub-fund  groups  of  current  unrestricted  funds  have  been  reflected 
in  the  statement  of  changes  in  fund  balances  for  auxiliary  activities 
(representing  primarily  the  revenue  and  expenditures  of  the  Smithsonian 
Associates  program,  including  the  Smithsonian  Magazine,  and  museum 
shop  sales)  and  Special  Purposes  (representing  internally  segregated  funds 
for  certain  designated  purposes). 

d.  Fund  Accounting — In  order  to  ensure  observance  of  limitations  and  re- 
strictions placed  on  the  use  of  the  resources  available  to  the  Institution, 
the  accounts  of  the  Institution  are  maintained  in  accordance  with  the 
principles  of  "fund  accounting."  This  is  the  procedure  by  which  resources 
for  various  purposes  are  classified  for  accounting  and  reporting  purposes 
into  funds  that  are  in  accordance  with  activities  or  objectives  specified. 
Separate  accounts  are  maintained  for  each  fund;  however,  in  the  accom- 
panying financial  statements,  funds  that  have  similar  characteristics  have 
been  combined  into  fund  groups.  Accordingly,  all  financial  transactions 
have  been  recorded  and  reported  by  fund  group. 

Within  each  fund  group,  fund  balances  restricted  by  outside  sources  are  so 
indicated  and  are  distinguished  from  unrestricted  funds  allocated  to  specific 
purposes  by  action  of  the  governing  board.  Externally  restricted  funds  may 
only  be  utilized  in  accordance  with  the  purposes  established  by  the  source 
of  such  funds  and  are  in  contrast  with  unrestricted  funds  over  which  the 
governing  board  retains  full  control  to  use  in  achieving  any  of  its  in- 
stitutional purposes. 

Endowment  funds  are  subject  to  the  restrictions  of  gift  instruments  re- 
quiring in  perpetuity  that  the  principal  be  invested  and  the  income  only  be 


58  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


utilized.  Also  classified  as  endowment  funds  are  gifts  which  will  allow  the 
expenditure  of  principal  but  only  under  certain  specified  conditions. 

While  quasi-endowment  funds  have  been  established  by  the  governing 
board  for  the  same  purposes  as  endowment  funds,  any  portion  of  such 
funds  may  be  expended.  Restricted  quasi-endowment  funds  represent  gifts 
for  restricted  purposes  where  there  is  no  stipulation  that  the  principal  be 
maintained  in  perpetuity  or  for  a  period  of  time,  but  the  governing  board 
has  elected  to  invest  the  principal  and  expend  only  the  income  for  the 
purpose  stipulated  by  the  donor. 

All  gains  and  losses  arising  from  the  sale,  collection,  or  other  disposition  of 
investments  and  other  noncash  assets  are  accounted  for  in  the  fund  which 
owned  such  assets.  Ordinary  income  derived  from  investments,  receivables, 
and  the  like,  is  accounted  for  in  the  fund  owning  such  assets,  except  for 
income  derived  from  investments  of  endowment  and  similar  funds,  which 
income  is  accounted  for  in  the  fund  to  which  it  is  restricted  or,  if  unre- 
stricted, as  revenues  in  unrestricted  current  funds. 

All  other  unrestricted  revenue  is  accounted  for  in  the  unrestricted  current 
fund.  Restricted  gifts,  grants,  endowment  income,  and  other  restricted 
resources  are>  accounted  for  in  the  appropriate  restricted  funds. 

e.  Investments  are  recorded  at  cost  or  fair  market  value  at  date  of  acquisi- 
tion when  acquired  by  gift. 

f.  Inventories  are  carried  at  lower  of  average  cost  or  net  realizable  value. 

g.  Income  and  expenses  in  respect  to  the  Institution's  magazine  and  asso- 
ciates' activities  are  deferred  and  taken  into  income  and  expense  over  the 
applicable  periods  and  are  reported  in  the  activities  section  of  the  current 
unrestricted  funds. 

h.  The  Institution  utilizes  the  "total  return"  approach  to  investment  manage- 
ment of  endowment  funds  and  quasi-endowment  funds.  Under  this  ap- 
proach, the  total  investment  return  is  considered  to  include  realized  and 
unrealized  gains  and  losses  in  addition  to  interest  and  dividends.  In  apply- 
ing this  approach,  it  is  the  Institution's  policy  to  provide  4V2%  of  the  five 
year  average  of  the  market  value  of  each  fund  (adjusted  for  gifts  and 
transfers  during  this  period)  as  being  available  for  current  expenditures; 
however,  where  the  market  value  of  the  assets  of  any  endowment  fund  is 
less  than  110%  of  the  historic  dollar  value  (value  of  gifts  at  date  of 
donation)  the  amount  provided  is  limited  to  only  interest  and  dividends 
received. 

i.  Capitalized  improvements  and  equipment  used  in  income-producing  activi- 
ties purchased  with  Trust  Funds  are  capitalized  in  the  current  unre- 
stricted fund  at  cost  (see  note  1(c)),  and  are  depreciated  on  a  straight-line 
basis  over  their  estimated  useful  lives  of  five  to  ten  years.  Depreciation 
expense  of  $186,660  for  1976  is  reflected  in  the  expenditures  of  the  current 
funds. 

Real  estate  (land  and  buildings)  are  recorded  in  the  plant  fund  at  cost,  to 
the  extent  that  restricted  or  unrestricted  funds  were  expended  therefor, 
or  appraised  value  at  date  of  gift,  except  for  gifts  of  certain  islands  in 
Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  Carnegie  Mansion,  which  have  been  recorded 
at  nominal  values.  Depreciation  on  buildings  is  not  recorded. 


Financial  Report  I  59 


All  the  other  land,  buildings,  fixtures  and  equipment  (principally  acquired 
with  Federal  funds),  works  of  art,  living  or  other  specimens  are  not  re- 
flected in  the  accompanying  financial  statements. 

j.  The  agency  funds  group  consists  of  funds  held  by  the  Institution  as  custo- 
dian or  fiscal  agent  for  others. 

k.  Pension  costs  are  funded  as  accrued. 

1.  The  Institution  has  a  number  of  contracts  with  the  U.  S.  Government, 
which  primarily  provide  for  cost  reimbursement  to  the  Institution.  Contract 
revenues  are  recognized  as  expenditures  are  incurred. 


2.  Related  Activities 

The  Trust  Funds  reflect  the  receipt  and  expenditure  of  funds  obtained  from 
private  sources,  from  Federal  grants  and  contracts  and  from  certain  activi- 
ties related  to  the  operations  of  the  Institution. 

Federal  appropriations,  which  are  not  reflected  in  the  accompanying 
financial  statements,  provide  major  support  for  the  operations  and  ad- 
ministration of  the  educational  and  research  programs  of  the  Institution's 
many  museums,  art  galleries  and  other  bureaus,  as  well  as  for  the  main- 
tenance and  construction  of  related  buildings  and  facilities.  In  addition, 
land,  buildings  and  other  assets  acquired  with  Federal  funds  are  not  re- 
flected in  the  accompanying  financial  statements. 

The  following  Federal  appropriations  were  received  by  the  Institution  for 
the  fifteen  months  ended  September  30,  1976  and  the  twelve  months 
ended  June  30,  1975. 

1976  1975 

Operating  funds $106,654,000        72,511,000 

Special  foreign  currency  program 500,000  2,000,000 

Construction  funds    13,922,000       17,910,000 

$121,076,000        92,421,000 

The  Institution  provides  fiscal  and  administrative  services  to  certain 
separately  incorporated  organizations  on  which  certain  officials  of  the  In- 
stitution serve  on  the  governing  boards.  The  amounts  paid  to  the  Institu- 
tion by  these  organizations  for  the  aforementioned  services,  together  with 
rent  for  Institution  facilities  occupied,  etc.,  totaled  approximately  $466,000 
for  the  fifteen  months  ended  September  30,  1976.  The  following  sum- 
marizes the  approximate  expenditures  of  these  organizations  for  the  fifteen 
months  ended  September  30,  1976,  as  reflected  in  their  individual  financial 
statements  and  which  are  not  included  in  the  accompanying  financial  state- 
ments of  the  Institution: 

Smithsonian  Research  Foundation   $2,500,000 

Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange  .  2,900,000 

Reading  is  Fundamental,  Inc 650,000 

Center  for  Natural  Areas,  Inc 420,000 


60  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


3.  Investments 

Quoted  market  values  and  carrying  values  of  investments  (all  marketable 
securities)  of  the  funds  indicated  were  as  follows: 

September  30, 1976  June  30,  1975 

Carrying         Market        Carrying        Market 
value  value  value  value 

Current  funds $  8,149,723      8,093,625    10,149,875    10,083,444 

Endowment  and  similar 

funds     40,296,458    42,667,967    40,015,177    40,532,248 

Total  investments  $48,446,181    50,761,592    50,165,052    50,615,692 

Total  investment  performance  is  summarized  below: 

Net  Cains  (Losses) 

Current    Endowment  and 
funds        similar  funds  Total 

Unrealized  gains  (losses) : 

September  30,  1976   $(56,098)  2,371,509  2,315,411 

June  30,  1975 (66,431)  517,071  450,640 

Unrealized  net  gains  for  period  10,333  1,854,438  1,864,771 

Realized  net  gain  (losses)  for  period  .  2,303  (533,929)  (531,626) 

Total  net  gains  for  period $  12,636  1,320,509  1,333,145 

Substantially  all  of  the  investments  of  the  endowment  and  similar  funds 
are  pooled  on  a  market  value  basis  (consolidated  fund)  with  each  in- 
dividual fund  subscribing  to  or  disposing  of  units  on  the  basis  of  the  value 
per  unit  at  market  value  at  the  beginning  of  the  calendar  quarter  within 
which  the  transaction  takes  place.  Of  the  total  units  each  having  a  market 
value  of  $103.69  ($102.61  in  1975),  335,954  units  were  owned  by  endow- 
ment, and  79,520  units  by  quasi-endowment  at  September  30,  1976. 

The  following  tabulation  summarizes  the  changes  in  the  pooled  invest- 
ments during  the  fifteen  months  ended  September  30,  1976: 

Carrying  Market  value 

value  Market  per  unit 


September  30,  1976    $40,720,429      43,079,172  103.69 

June  30,  1975 40,063,092       40,569,918  102.61 

Increase    $      657,337         2,509,254  1.08 


4.  Mortgage  Notes  Payable 

The  mortgage  notes  payable  are  secured  by  first  deeds  of  trust  on  property 
acquired  in  connection  with  the  Chesapeake  Bay  Center.  The  details  of  the 
mortgage  notes  payable  are  as  follows: 


Financial  Report  I  61 


2976  2975 


Mortgage  note,  payable  in  semiannual  installments  of 
$13,300,  plus  interest  at  the  prevailing  prime  rate 
at  the  due  date  of  the  installment  payment  but 

not  less  than  8%,  due  July  1,  1980 $106,400     146,300 

6%  mortgage  note  payable,  due  in  monthly 
installments  of  $451  including  interest,  due 

November  1,  1989    28,422       33,418 

6%  mortgage  note,  payable  in  semiannual 

installments  of  $10,000,  plus  interest,  due 

November  7,  1979    70,000       90,000 


$204,822     269,718 


5.  Pension  Plan 

The  Institution  has  a  contributory  pension  plan  providing  for  the  pur- 
chase of  retirement  annuity  contracts  for  those  employees  meeting  certain 
age  and  length  of  service  requirements  who  elect  to  be  covered  under  the 
plan.  Under  terms  of  the  plan,  the  Institution  contributes  the  amount 
necessary  to  bring  the  total  contribution  to  12%  of  the  participants'  com- 
pensation subject  to  social  security  taxes  and  to  17%  of  the  participants' 
compensation  in  excess  of  that  amount.  The  total  pension  expense  for  the 
fifteen  months  ended  September  30,  1976  was  $1,404,788. 

6.  Income  Taxes 

The  Institution  has  been  recognized  as  exempt  from  income  taxes  as  a 
nonprofit  organization  described  in  Section  501(c)(3)  of  the  Internal 
Revenue  Code.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  Institution  that  it  is  also  exempt 
from  taxation  as  an  instrumentality  of  the  United  States  as  described  in 
Section  501(c)(1)  of  the  Code.  Recognition  of  this  dual  status  will  be 
sought  from  the  Internal  Revenue  Service.  Should  the  Institution's  position 
not  prevail,  income  taxes  in  a  substantial  amount  might  be  imposed  on  cer- 
tain income  of  the  Institution,  under  provisions  of  the  Internal  Revenue 
Code  dealing  with  unrelated  business  income  as  defined  therein. 


62   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Visitors  show  keen  interest  in  Apollo  lunar  samples  in  "The  Moon:  Its  Rocks 
and  History"  exhibition,  which  opened  in  June  1976.  (Photo  credit:  Chip  Clark) 


Smithsonian  Year  •  7276 
SCIENCE 


The  bicentennial  year  has  brought  a  greater  recognition  among 
the  general  public  of  our  common  heritage;  it  has  also  intensified 
doubts  prevalent  in  this  country  during  the  past  decade  concerning 
cherished  ideas  and  institutions.  Many  organizations  and  beliefs 
have  adjusted  to  the  times  or  simply  disappeared.  Throughout  this 
period  of  uncertainty  and  skepticism  the  Smithsonian  has  been  will- 
ing to  accept  divergent  viewpoints  and  in  its  research  and  in  its 
exhibits  has  adhered  to  a  truthful  portrayal  of  our  universe  and  of 
man's  role  in  its  development.  This  is  a  proper  function  for  the 
Smithsonian  and  one  which  under  no  circumstances  should  be 
abrogated. 

Due  to  its  unique  nature,  the  Smithsonian  is  in  a  position  not 
only  to  chronicle  the  past  but  to  chart  the  future  toward  the  third 
century  of  American  development.  The  conquest  of  air  and  space 
which  we  celebrate  in  the  new  National  Air  and  Space  Museum 
and  the  work  of  our  own  scientists  at  the  Smithsonian  Astrophysical 
Observatory  in  Cambridge  will  be  instrumental  in  unlocking  the 
mysteries  of  the  universe.  While  progress  is  assuredly  slow  at  times, 
no  one  in  Philadelphia  in  1876  would  have  thought  that  today  we 
would  have  reached  the  Moon  and  Mars,  with  promise  that  by  the 
last  quarter  of  this  century  the  outposts  of  our  own  galaxy  and 
beyond  will  be  accessible. 

The  serious  question  of  our  ability  to  sustain  life  on  earth  at  the 
time  of  our  Tricentennial  is  a  problem  to  which  we  must  address 
ourselves.  Depletion  of  our  floral  and  faunal  heritage  is  of  particu- 
lar concern  to  the  National  Zoological  Park  and  the  National 
Museum  of  Natural  History.  It  is  hoped  that  with  increased  atten- 


65 


tion  and  research  on  endangered  species,  especially  through  pro- 
grams at  the  Zoo's  Conservation  and  Research  Center  and  the 
National  Museum  of  Natural  History's  Department  of  Botany,  we 
will  be  able  eventually  to  repatriate  such  species  to  the  wild  with 
practical  plans  for  their  rational  management. 

Health  problems  continue  to  plague  the  world,  and  scientists  at 
our  Tropical  Research  Institute  are  studying  how  the  life  cycle  and 
behavior  of  tropical  wild  animals  relate  to  human  health.  Studies 
have  already  linked  the  sloth  as  a  possible  vector  in  the  spread  of  a 
form  of  encephalitis  and  yellow  fever.  In  conjunction  with  health 
officials,  our  scientists  hope  to  provide  clues  which  will  solve  the 
riddle  of  these  debilitating  diseases.  At  our  Radiation  Biology 
Laboratory,  scientists  are  studying  the  problems  of  ultraviolet  light 
and  its  relationship  to  skin  cancer  and  plant  growth.  Further 
research  on  ultraviolet  light  should  lead  to  greater  food  production 
and  lessen  the  risk  of  skin  cancer. 

While  we  in  science  will  always  have  our  critics  and  be  tempted 
to  explore  fleeting  trends,  our  hope,  and  that  of  the  country  in  our 
third  century,  is  to  be  concerned  with  the  long  term.  Through  the 
stabilizing  influence  of  such  institutions  as  the  Smithsonian,  our 
society  is  protected  against  temporarily  fashionable  research,  so 
that,  thanks  to  our  firm  resolve,  forthcoming  generations  may 
expect  a  better  world  and  the  realization  of  many  of  the  dreams 
of  our  forefathers. 


Center  for  the  Study  of  Man 

Research  on  American  Indian  problems  has  been  a  prime  activity 
over  the  past  year  at  the  Center  for  the  Study  of  Man.  Investigation 
of  the  American  Indian  ecumenical  movement  continued,  with 
invited  attendance  at  the  Southwest  Regional  Meeting  at  the  Navajo 
Community  College  and  at  the  general  meeting  on  the  Stony  Indian 
Reserve  in  Morley,  Canada.  The  Center  was  also  represented  by 
invitation  at  the  first  meeting  of  the  Fourth  World  Tribal  Peoples 
in  Port  Alberni,  British  Columbia,  Canada. 

The  Handbook  of  North  American  Indians  is  a  comprehensive 
encyclopedia  written  from  the  perspectives  of  anthropology,  his- 
tory, and  linguistics.  Hundreds  of  scholars  from  all  over  the  world 

66  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


have  submitted  articles  for  this  twenty-volume  work,  which  is  now 
being  assembled  by  a  staff  under  General  Editor  William  C.  Sturte- 
vant,  Curator  of  North  American  Ethnology  in  the  National  Mu- 
seum of  Natural  History. 

Most  volumes  will  be  studies  of  tribal  culture  and  history  by  area, 
e.g.,  the  Northeast,  the  Southwest,  and  the  Plains.  Several  others  are 
thematically  organized,  e.g.,  technology  and  the  visual  arts,  and  the 
history  of  Indian-White  relations.  Volumes  on  California  and  the 
Northeast  are  expected  to  appear  in  1977. 

THE  NATIONAL  ANTHROPOLOGICAL  FILM  CENTER 

Founded  a  year  ago  by  Dr.  E.  Richard  Sorenson  "as  a  means  to 
forge  beyond  the  too  narrow  view  of  the  human  condition  as  bio- 
logical organization  or  collections  of  artifacts,"  the  National 
Anthropological  Film  Center  is  now  taking  advantage  of  the 
scholarly  potential  of  the  visual  media  to  explore  and  reveal  the 
range  of  human  qualities  and  behavior  in  our  diverse  and  changing 
world.  Bridging  science  and  the  humanities,  it  draws  upon  the  ma- 
terials and  methods  of  both. 

Research  this  year  centered  on  Dr.  Sorenson's  Study  of  Child 
Behavior  and  Human  Development  in  Cultural  Isolates.  As  pat- 
terns of  behavior  and  interaction  take  hold  of  and  mold  a  growing 
child,  they  can  reveal  how  basic  human  potential  may  respond  to 
various  conditions  of  life  and  how  the  patterned  responses  char- 
acteristic of  a  culture  emerge. 

Using  techniques  of  phenomenological  inquiry  developed  by  Dr. 
Sorenson  to  obtain  data  suitable  for  study  without  first  having  to 
decide  what  might  be  important  or  significant,  the  Center  is  now 
examining  child  behavior  and  human  development  in  isolated  soci- 
eties in  New  Guinea,  Brazil,  Micronesia,  Afghanistan,  and  Mexico. 

To  sample  as  broad  a  range  of  human  expression  as  possible,  a 
World  Ethnographic  Film  Sample  is  being  planned  to  preserve 
examples  of  the  range  and  variety  of  human  life.  Bodies  of  film 
already  made  are  being  searched  out,  and  new  collaborative  film 
studies  of  existing  cultural  survivals  are  aimed  at  filling  the  gaps  in 
the  range  of  cultural  expressions  of  humankind.  Special  attention  is 
being  given  to  threatened  social  and  cultural  enclaves  which  repre- 
sent vanishing  or  changing  expressions  of  human  organization  and 
behavior. 


Science  I  67 


With  great  freedom  bestowed  on  them  to  explore  objects  and  places  at  will, 
the  Fore  children  of  New  Guinea  reacted  to  unanticipated,  new,  or  surprising 
occurrences  by  seeking  bodily  association  with  others — similarly  to  the  way 
they  learned  new  things  as  infants.  To  Fore  infants  and  toddlers,  this  physical 
contact  was  a  sanctuary  of  nurture  and  warmth,  in  which  curiosity  and  in- 
terest could  be  safely  maintained.  Supplying  cues  to  appropriate  response, 
this  sanctuary  was  also  a  retreat  when  the  children's  cognitive  or  response 
capabilities  were  overtaxed.  Research  film  analysis  by  Dr.  Sorenson  showed 
this  pattern  persists  throughout  childhood.  This  pattern  of  response  to  the 
novel  or  unknown  left  the  freely  ranging  young  child  relatively  safe  in  his 
exploratory  quests.  His  automatic  reaction  to  novelty  was  to  approach  it  in 
the  company  of  a  "more  knowledgeable"  hamlet-mate.  (Photo  credit:  E.  Rich- 
ard Sorenson) 


A*3Ef* 


A  National  Research  Film  Collection  is  being  developed  as  a 
means  of  preserving  the  irreplaceable  film  records  which  document 
divergent  expressions  of  human  potential,  organization,  and  be- 
havior in  natural,  social,  and  cultural  contexts. 

A  temperature/humidity-controlled  film  vault  has  been  installed, 
thanks  to  a  gift  from  Drs.  Jerry  and  Lucy  Waletzky  and  the  Na- 
tional Endowment  for  the  Humanities;  and  the  developing  film 
collection  is  now  being  preserved  at  40°  F.  and  35  percent  relative 
humidity.  The  capacity  of  the  vault — 2,500,000  feet  of  16  mm  film — 
will  allow  continued  accessioning  for  several  years. 

This  year,  312,538  feet  of  film  were  accessioned  into  the  National 
Research  Film  Collection,  bringing  the  total  number  of  feet  to 
554,338.  This  growing  body  of  irreplaceable  documents  represents 
aspects  of  life  in  Afghanistan,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  the  Cook  Islands, 
Ghana,  India,  Mexico,  Micronesia,  Nepal,  New  Guinea,  the  New 
Hebrides,  and  the  United  States. 

In  an  effort  to  improve  location  and  identification  of  existing  an- 
thropological films  and  to  help  establish  priorities  for  urgent 
anthropological  filming,  a  central  National  Union  Catalog  of  an- 
thropological films  is  being  developed.  Anthropological  film  his- 
torian Emilie  de  Brigard  is  organizing  this  catalog  so  that  it  will  be 
compatible  with  existing  indexes  to  the  anthropological  literature 
and  ethnological  collections. 

Developed  from  the  small  Ethnofilm  Training  Program  for  Devel- 
oping Nations  initiated  two  years  ago  by  a  grant  from  the  Wenner- 
Gren  Foundation,  the  Ethnofilm  Training  Program  has  been  designed 
to  train  students  to  obtain  film  samples,  suitable  for  research,  of 
human  behavior  of  vanishing  and  changing  cultures.  Based  on  the 
belief  that  individuals  from  other  cultures  enrich  such  samples, 
because  of  their  different,  often  more  expert,  cultural  perceptions, 
the  Program  purposely  involves  members  of  non-Western  cultures. 

RESEARCH  INSTITUTE  ON  IMMIGRATION  AND  ETHNIC  STUDIES 

The  Research  Institute  on  Immigration  and  Ethnic  Studies  (rues) 
was  founded  in  1973  as  a  unit  within  the  Smithsonian  Institution's 
Center  for  the  Study  of  Man.  The  mission  of  rues  includes  research, 
dissemination,    stimulation,    and    facilitation    of    interdisciplinary 


Science  I  69 


study,  and  consultative  services  on  the  broad  range  of  knowledge 
of  United  States  immigration. 

rues  is  unique  among  institutions  studying  immigration  in  at  least 
two  ways:  (1)  stress  on  the  new  immigrants  entering  the  United 
States  since  1965,  and  (2)  explicit  inclusion  of  American  extrater- 
ritorial jurisdictions  among  those  topics  studied.  Such  a  focus 
complements  the  Research  Institute's  goal  of  achieving  a  fuller 
understanding  of  the  new  immigration,  its  patterns  and  character- 
istics, and  its  ongoing  impact  on  American  society  and  discernible 
implications  for  the  future  of  the  international  community. 

Since  its  inception,  the  Research  Institute  has  provided  consulta- 
tive services,  been  host  to  and  advised  research  fellows,  and  spon- 
sored activities  aimed  at  fostering  in-depth  study  of  issues  related 
to  international  migration,  ethnicity,  development,  and  other  critical 
areas,  as  they  influence  domestic  and  international  relations. 
Within  the  Smithsonian,  rues  personnel  have  contributed  to  the 
activities  of  the  Interdisciplinary  Communications  Program,  the  Di- 
vision of  Performing  Arts,  the  Woodrow  Wilson  International 
Center  for  Scholars,  the  Office  of  Symposia  and  Seminars,  the 
Smithsonian  Associates  program,  and  the  Office  of  Academic 
Studies. 

Planning  and  evaluative  services  have  also  been  provided  to  pub- 
lic and  private  organizations  concerned  with  national  and  interna- 
tional programs  and  activities.  Among  these  organizations  are: 

Association  of  Caribbean  Universities  and  Research  Institutes  (unica) 

Carnegie  Foundation 

Ford  Foundation 

House  Subcommittee  on  Inter-American  Affairs 

National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities 

National  Institute  of  Mental  Health 

National  Urban  League 

Organization  of  American  States 

Phelps-Stokes  Fund,  Washington  Bureau 

In  observance  of  the  Bicentennial,  many  Smithsonian  Institution 
units  have  emphasized  such  subjects  as  immigration,  ethnicity,  cul- 
tural pluralism  in  the  evolution  of  American  society,  and  techno- 
logical and  cultural  developments,  rues  has  been  one  of  the  few 
units  within  the  Smithsonian  Institution  to  stress  a  truly  contempo- 


70  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


■] 


}ll 


ill'** 


7> 


* '  h 


■ 


Participants  are  in  deep  discussion  at  the  Ethnicity  and  Ethnos  Seminar  held 
by  the  Research  Institute  on  Immigration  and  Ethnic  Studies  on  November  7, 
1975,  at  the  Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars.  Approxi- 
mately sixty-five  representatives  of  academia,  government,  and  the  mass 
media  attended  the  seminar. 


rary  phenomenon — post-1965  immigration  to  the  United  States  and 
its  various  implications. 

As  its  contribution  to  the  Bicentennial,  rues  has  planned  a  two- 
year  activity  aimed  at  the  convening  of  a  national  conference  on 
the  new  immigration  to  the  United  States  and  the  publication  of  a 
technically  definitive  volume  on  the  same  subject.  The  conference 
will  combine  public  panel  discussions  and  selective  scholarly  semi- 
nars. The  panels  will  discuss  policy  issues,  such  as  refugees  and 
illegals,  and  will  present  progress  reports  on  research  concerning 
policy-oriented  aspects  of  the  new  immigration.  The  scholars  will 
participate  in  two  sequences  of  seminars,  on  international  and  do- 
mestic implications  of  the  new  migration.  In  addition  to  national  and 
international  dignitaries,  key  participants  will  include  important 
academicians,  researchers,  and  policymakers. 

In  order  to  realize  more  effectively  its  goals  for  the  Bicentennial, 
rues  has  established  regional  ad  hoc  committees  of  individuals  to 
assist  the  rues  staff  in  the  design  of  the  Bicentennial  program.  These 
individuals  are  highly  respected  professionals  from  the  diplomatic 


Science  I   71 


corps,  private  industry,  academia,  government,  and  other  public  in- 
ternational and  national  agencies,  as  well  as  public-interest  groups. 
They  are  chosen  on  the  basis  of  reputation  for  knowledge  of  rele- 
vant literature,  professional  experience,  or  participation  in  the  new 
immigration.  These  ad  hoc  advisory  committees  embody  many 
racial  and  ethnic  groups  and,  as  an  added  dimension,  bring  to  bear 
interdisciplinary  viewpoints  on  the  formulation  of  programs  or  ac- 
tivities. In  addition  to  Washington,  D.C.,  sites  visited  by  the  riies 
staff  as  part  of  its  work  with  these  groups  were:  Miami,  Florida; 
San  Juan,  Puerto  Rico;  St.  Thomas,  Virgin  Islands;  San  Francisco, 
Los  Angeles,  and  Camp  Pendleton,  California;  and  Toronto, 
Ontario,  Canada. 

As  part  of  its  preliminary  activities  for  the  Bicentennial,  riies 
planned  a  series  of  mini-conferences.  These  mini-conferences  had 
several  objectives:  to  stimulate  cross-country  enthusiasm  for  the 
general  topic;  to  identify  prospective  participants  and  subthemes; 
and  to  establish  working  ties  with  organizations  and  agencies  with 
special  interest  in  the  new  immigration. 

riies  also  sponsored  selected  individuals  to  participate  in  panel 
discussions  on  "International  Immigration  as  a  Policy  Issue,"  held 
at  the  International  Studies  Association's  Annual  Convention  in 
Toronto,  Canada.  The  riies  session,  which  stressed  Western  Hem- 
isphere immigration,  included  papers  on  the  comparison  of  United 
States  and  Canadian  immigration  policies,  Third  World  immigra- 
tion, and  analyses  of  Caribbean  emigration  and  immigration. 


Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies 

In  the  spring  of  1976,  Dr.  J.  Kevin  Sullivan  was  appointed  Director 
of  the  Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies  (cbces). 
Before  joining  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  1971,  Dr.  Sullivan 
spent  seven  years  with  the  United  States  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service 
in  Michigan,  where  he  was  involved  in  environmental  studies  on  the 
Great  Lakes  and  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers. 

Associate  Directors  for  Science  and  Education  were  also 
appointed  in  1976.  Dr.  David  Correll,  formerly  a  research  chemist 
at  the  Smithsonian  Institution's  Radiation  Biology  Laboratory,  was 
named  Associate  Director  for  Scientific  Programs,  and  Dr.   John 

72  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Falk,  an  ecologist  from  the  University  of  California,  Berkeley,  was 
named  Associate  Director  for  Education  Programs. 

Activities  at  the  Chesapeake  Bay  Center  include  ecological  re- 
search and  education  programs.  Principal  themes  in  research  include 
comparative  ecology  of  terrestrial  communities,  with  emphasis  on 
the  effects  of  past  land  use.  Estuarine  research  is  concerned  with 
the  response  of  biological  populations  to  physical  and  chemical 
factors.  The  integration  of  these  two  programs  is  accomplished  by 
an  extensive  program  of  monitoring  and  analysis  of  runoff  from  the 
Rhode  River  watershed  through  a  system  of  permanent  gauging 
stations. 

ENVIRONMENTAL  SCIENCES 

The  long-range  goal  of  the  Upland  Ecology  Subprogram  is  to  gain 
a  better  understanding  of  the  comparative  ecology  of  the  various 
land  uses  found  on  the  Rhode  River  watershed.  This  past  year's 
participants  in  the  Upland  Ecology  Subprogram,  led  by  J.  Lynch  and 
B.  Tremper,  are  concentrating  their  efforts  on  the  characterization 
of  nine  intensive-study  sites,  each  of  which  is  1  to  10  hectares  in 
size.  These  sites  were  selected  on  the  basis  of  past  land  use,  time 
period  since  abandonment,  and  the  types  of  plant  communities 
presently  found  on  the  sites.  This  research  is  supplemented  by  a 
land-use  history  project  in  which  deed  records  and  oral  histories 
are  being  used  to  develop  a  detailed  understanding  of  past  land-use 
practices  on  sites  undergoing  contemporary  comparative  research. 
The  investigations  are  analyzing  population  data  on  birds,  small 
mammals,  ants,  understory  arthropods,  and  litter  arthropods. 

These  study  sites  are  representative  of  successional  stages.  For 
example,  two  sites  have  never  been  clearcut  or  burned  since  coloni- 
zation in  the  1650s.  Both  are  characteristic  of  mature  plant  com- 
munities. 

In  comparison,  another  site  is  a  previously  cultivated  field  which 
was  abandoned  only  six  years  ago.  The  soils  of  this  site  are 
relatively  low  in  nitrogen. 

In  addition  to  these  baseline  studies  on  the  animal  and  plant  com- 
munities of  each  site,  Dr.  Correll  and  his  colleagues  are  beginning 
to  examine  the  mechanisms  underlying  observed  distributional 
patterns.  Rates  of  nutrient  depletion  and  pH  decrease  when  land  is 
abandoned  from  agriculture  are  being  studied.  An  experiment  in- 

Science  I  73 


One  species  responsible  for  a  dense  dinoflagellate  bloom  in  the  Rhode  River 
estuary  was  identified  as  Prorocentrum  mariae-lebouriae.  This  scanning  elec- 
tron micrograph  shows  its  almost  spherical,  strongly  compressed,  saucer-shape. 
Its  surface  has  an  evenly  distributed  pattern  of  small  projections  and  ridges 
at  the  cell  periphery. 


volving  the  manipulation  of  nutrient  availability  in  an  old  forest 
has  also  been  designed,  and  preliminary  survey  data  are  being 
gathered.  One  goal  of  this  study  is  to  determine  whether  mineral 
nutrient  limitations  are  the  restricting  factor  for  plant  species  com- 
position and  animal  population  size  in  southern  Maryland  forests. 

In  addition  to  studies  of  the  upland  sites  in  the  Rhode  River 
Watershed,  Dr.  Patricia  Mehlhop  has  also  been  conducting  studies 
on  small-mammal  distribution  at  the  Poplar  Islands.  Owned  and  ad- 
ministered by  the  Smithsonian,  these  small  islands  are  located  2 
miles  off  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Maryland,  in  the  Chesapeake  Bay. 

In  1973,  Dr.  Mehlhop  and  Sheila  Minor  surveyed  the  islands  for 
small  mammals.  They  found  mammal  diversity  and  populations  to 
be  very  low.  Meadow  voles  were  found  on  two  Poplar  Islands,  and 
Norway  rats  were  found  on  one.  Later  in  1973,  the  Norway  rat 
became  extinct.  Interviews  with  past  residents  indicated  that  other 
mammals,  such  as  squirrels  and  mice,  had  once  inhabited  Poplar. 


74  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


In  the  watershed  subprogram,  Drs.  Correll,  Pierce,  Faust,  and  Wu 
are  measuring  mass  balances  for  a  series  of  parameters  on  sub- 
watersheds  which  vary  in  size  from  2  hectares  (5  acres)  to  1000  ha 
(2500  acres).  A  major  goal  is  to  determine  how  land  management, 
climate,  and  other  factors  influence  the  movement  of  materials  from 
a  watershed  into  an  estuary. 

The  watershed  of  the  Rhode  River  is  composed  of  small  basins 
which  drain  directly  or  through  creeks  into  the  estuary.  The  basins 
have  been  mapped  according  to  land  use,  and  instrumented  sam- 
pling stations  have  been  constructed  to  monitor  the  runoff  from 
each  basin.  These  stations  record  the  volume  of  water  discharged 
while  taking  volume-integrated  samples.  The  runoff  is  analyzed  for 
organic  matter,  nutrients,  bacteria,  sediment,  cations  (including 
heavy  metals),  and  pesticides.  Rainwater  is  also  collected  and 
analyzed. 

Analysis  of  the  1974  data  revealed  the  following  findings: 

1.  For  the  entire  year,  runoff  from  residential  land  contained 
more  nitrogen  and  phosphorus  per  unit  area  than  runoff  from  any 
other  land-use  type.  Cultivated  cropland  had  the  second  highest 
yield  rate  for  these  nutrients.  The  nutrient  yield  rates  for  forests 
were  consistently  low  throughout  the  year. 

2.  Rainwater  deposited  more  nitrogen  in  the  estuary  than  upland 
runoff.  For  example,  rain  deposited  4.1  tons  of  nitrogen  in  the 
estuary,  compared  to  3.7  tons  of  nitrogen  from  land  runoff. 

3.  Cropland  and  pasture  are  not  exporting  most  of  the  incoming 
loads  of  nitrogen  to  the  Rhode  River.  Substantial  amounts  are  prob- 
ably lost  to  the  atmosphere  as  nitrogen,  ammonia,  and  nitrogen 
oxides.  On  the  average,  farmers  applied  0.16  lb.  N/acre  day  to 
cultivated  land  and  0.13  lb.  N/acre  day  to  pasturelands.  The  yearly 
average  loading  rates  of  nitrogen  from  cropland  and  pasture  were 
0.011  lb.  N/acre  day  and  0.0085  lb.  N/acre  day,  respectively. 

4.  Residential  land  had  the  highest  loading  rate  of  sediment  for 
the  year,  followed  by  cultivated  cropland,  pastureland,  and  forest- 
land. 

5.  Freshwater  upland  wet  areas  were  found  to  be  nutrient  and 
sediment  sinks;  average  loading  rates  for  wet  areas,  especially  in 
the  spring  and  summer,  were  negative. 

6.  Fecal  coliform  concentrations  in  the  Rhode  River  exceeded 
standards  for  shellfish  waters  at  certain  times  of  the  year.  This 

Science  I  75 


contamination  was  entirely  from  runoff  and  from  drainage  areas, 
with  average  densities  of  only  1.6  animals/acre  and  0.8  persons/ 
acre. 

The  watershed  program  is  funded  by  the  National  Science  Foun- 
dation-Research Applied  to  National  Needs  (nsf-rann)  through  the 
Chesapeake  Research  Consortium  and  by  the  Environmental  Pro- 
tection Agency. 

The  goal  of  the  estuarine  subprogram  is  to  develop  a  more  ade- 
quate understanding  of  the  relationship  between  biological  popula- 
tions of  an  estuary  and  physical/chemical  factors.  Some  of  the  more 
advanced  research  projects  in  this  subprogram  focus  on  phosphorus 
cycling  and  flux  in  an  estuarine  environment. 

David  Correll  and  Maria  Faust  have  been  investigating  the  role  of 
microorganisms  in  phosphorus  cycling.  In  their  research,  they 
attempted  to  distinguish  phosphorus-uptake  by  algae  from  that  by 
bacteria  in  an  estuarine  community.  Using  a  differential  filtration 
technique  to  separate  the  bacterial  population  from  the  phytoplank- 
ton,  they  measured  the  phosphorus-uptake  of  each.  Monthly  sam- 
pling was  carried  out  in  the  main  basin  of  the  Rhode  River  estuary 
from  March  1973  through  February  1974. 

The  results  of  these  experiments  indicated  the  relative  contribu- 
tion of  algae  and  bacteria  to  phosphorus-uptake  with  the  season. 
During  the  period  from  August  to  May,  phosphorus  was  assimi- 
lated mostly  by  bacteria,  and  the  algal  contribution  to  phosphorus- 
uptake  was  less  than  6  percent.  During  June  and  July,  phosphorus- 
uptake  by  algae  increased  to  9  percent  and  42  percent  of  total 
phosphorus-uptake,  respectively.  The  bacteria's  higher  phosphorus- 
uptake  throughout  the  year  clearly  indicated  the  importance  of 
bacteria  as  a  major  recycler  of  phosphorus  in  the  estuarine  environ- 
ment. 

Nutrient-flux  experiments  have  also  been  conducted  in  tidal 
marshes.  During  1974,  various  levels  of  phosphate  were  applied  to 
a  high  and  low  marsh  in  the  Rhode  River  for  a  period  of  three  to 
four  months.  Samples  of  plant  leaves,  surface  detrital  materials,  and 
sediment  cores  at  various  depth  were  analyzed  for  the  amount  and 
specific  activity  of  various  phosphorus  fractions.  Since  the  nutrient 
loading  included  nitrogen  in  the  form  of  ammonia  and  nitrate,  core 
samples  were  also  analyzed  for  total  nitrogen  composition. 


76   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


An  important  implication  of  these  results  is  that  the  contention 
that  marshes  have  considerable  value  as  nutrient-removal  systems 
appears  to  be  unfounded,  at  least  for  the  medium  salinity  marshes 
of  the  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Another  project  by  M.  Faust  focused  on  the  survival  of  Escheri- 
chia coli  MC-6,  a  bacterium  of  fecal  origin,  in  an  estuarine  environ- 
ment. The  effects  were  measured  of  physical  parameters  on  E.  coli 
survival  in  diffusion  chambers  placed  in  the  Rhode  River.  Data 
were  collected  to  evaluate  the  combined  efforts  of  time,  water  tem- 
perature, dissolved  oxygen,  salinity,  and  montmorillonite  (a  type  of 
clay  particle)  on  coliform  survival. 

EDUCATION 

During  1976,  cbces  continued  to  initiate  and  expand  programs 
aimed  at  improving  the  quality  and  effectiveness  of  outdoor- 
centered  environmental  education. 

Initiated  in  1975,  the  teacher-led  tour  program  was  designed  to 
provide  children  with  outdoor  experiences  which  reinforced  or  in- 
troduced science  concepts.  The  Center  worked  closely  with  the  local 
Anne  Arundel  County  School  System  to  develop  the  following 
teacher-led  activities:  "Micro-Trails,  Macro-Trails"  for  the  first 
grade;  "Animal  Adaptations:  Insects  and  Spiders"  for  the  second 
and  third  grades;  "Community  Comparison:  Forest  and  Old  Field" 
and  "Estuary  Chesapeake"  for  the  fifth  and  sixth  grades;  and 
"Seeing  the  Trees  for  the  Forest:  A  Census  Activity"  for  the 
seventh  and  eighth  grades.  Each  activity  is  outlined  in  a  brochure 
that  includes  background  information  for  the  teacher,  objectives 
for  the  students,  a  step-by-step  procedure  section  for  the  class,  and 
suggested  follow-up  activities. 

During  the  summer  of  1976,  the  Summer  Ecology  Program  was 
expanded  and  restructured  to  emphasize  community-centered  learn- 
ing. For  the  first  time,  the  Program  was  conducted  in  eight  different 
locations  instead  of  the  Center's  research  facility.  This  new  approach 
helped  familiarize  children  with  the  human  and  natural  ecologies 
of  their  own  communities. 

The  Work/Learn  Program  in  Environmental  Studies,  initiated  in 
the  fall  of  1975,  is  a  cooperative  education  program  that  provides 
college  students  with  the  opportunity  to  live  and  work  in  a  research 


Science  I  77 


setting.  Each  participant  receives  a  small  stipend,  plus  living  accom- 
modations and  may  arrange  to  receive  academic  credit  for  work 
completed  at  the  Center. 

Seventeen  students  were  selected  to  participate  in  the  Program 
during  the  first  year.  They  worked  with  cbces's  professional  staff 
on  projects  in  estuarine  and  terrestrial  ecology,  land-use  manage- 
ment, and  environmental  education. 

Another  major  objective  of  the  Education  Program  is  to  convey 
the  Center's  scientific  research  findings  to  management  agencies 
and  the  general  public.  Recently,  public  groups  have  been  especially 
interested  in  obtaining  information  on  the  extent  of  nonpoint  source 
pollution  from  land  runoff.  Since  nonpoint  sources  of  pollution  are 
measured  and  evaluated  in  the  Center's  Watershed  Research  Pro- 
gram, special  efforts  were  made  in  1975-1976  to  disseminate  the 
Center's  watershed  findings  to  the  public. 

In  June  1975,  the  Center  began  publishing  Rhode  River  Review, 
a  newsletter  which  summarized  on-going  cbces  research  projects  and 
activities  on  a  bimonthly  basis.  Each  issue  covers  major  develop- 
ments in  the  science  and  education  programs  and  describes  staff 
activities.  Feature  articles  are  also  included  on  cbces's  research  find- 
ings and  Bay-wide  environmental  issues.  The  newsletter  has  proved 
to  be  a  major  means  of  communication  with  the  surrounding  com- 
munity and  other  regional,  state,  and  national  organizations. 

Under  a  grant  from  the  Edward  John  Noble  Foundation,  the 
Center  provided  support  in  the  form  of  staff  time  and  expertise  to 
citizen  organizations  throughout  the  Chesapeake  Bay  region.  Sup- 
port activities  for  these  groups  included  organizing  workshops  and 
conferences,  developing  technical  information  on  environmental 
issues,  and  helping  achieve  citizen  participation  in  land-  and  water- 
quality  planning. 

In  January  1976,  cbces  planned  and  organized  a  major  conference 
on  Water  Quality  Goals  for  the  Chesapeake  Bay.  Existing  water- 
quality  conditions  in  the  Bay  were  described  and  governmental 
officials  outlined  federal  and  state  programs  that  deal  with  water- 
quality  problems  in  this  region.  The  role  of  the  citizen  in  achieving 
water-quality  goals  was  also  explored. 

In  1976,  cbces  acquired  a  32-foot  diesel  work  boat  from  the  Fort 
Pierce  Bureau  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  Florida. 


78  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Fort  Pierce  Bureau 

The  Fort  Pierce  Bureau  has  continued  to  stress  its  three  long-term 
programs,  as  part  of  a  consortium  effort  with  the  Harbor  Branch 
Foundation,  Incorporated,  to  study  the  estuarine  and  marine  en- 
vironments along  Florida's  east-central  coast  and  adjacent  con- 
tinental shelf.  These  programs  are:  the  Indian  River  Coastal  Zone 
Study,  Life  History  Studies,  and  Submersible  Exploration  of  the 
East  Florida  Continental  Slope.  The  initial  purpose  of  these  investi- 
gations is  to  accumulate  baseline  information  by  making  an  inven- 
tory of  the  aquatic  biota  and  by  assessing  the  environment  and 
sources  of  pollution,  in  order  to  predict  natural  and  man-caused 
changes  in  the  Indian  River  lagoon  and  offshore  continental  shelf. 

This  past  year  the  Bureau  added  five  personnel  to  its  scientific 
staff;  initiated  a  predoctoral/postdoctoral  fellowship  program;  pro- 
vided an  electron-microscope  facility  for  the  Life  Histories  Section 
for  Ultrastructural  Studies;  and  remodeled  the  Smithsonian's  Butler 
Building  to  accommodate  eight  offices,  an  air-conditioned  room  for 
the  reference  collection  of  preserved  specimens,  and  a  ventilated 
area  for  the  gross  sorting  of  samples. 

The  Indian  River  Coastal  Zone  Study  is  investigating  the  eco- 
logical role  of  the  two  primary  production  bases  of  the  estuary, 
the  seagrasses  with  their  epiphytes  and  the  phytoplankton.  During 
the  past  year,  79,000  benthic  invertebrates  have  been  collected 
quantitatively  from  experimental  seagrass  stations  and  analyzed  for 
information  on  community  structure.  Data  indicate  that  benthic 
invertebrates  associated  with  seagrasses  of  the  Indian  River  are 
heavily  preyed  upon,  and  are  extremely  important  to  the  overall 
food  web  of  the  estuarine  ecosystem.  A  total  of  278  fish  collections 
have  added  47  species  for  waters  shallower  than  200  meters.  An 
innovative  drop  net  was  developed  to  determine  fish  biomass  and 
densities  and  to  compare  seagrass-bed  community  changes  with 
respect  to  water  depth.  The  coastal  sabellariid  worm  reefs  of  the 
Indian  River  region  were  found  to  have  associated  decapod  and 
stomatopod  crustacean  communities,  consisting  of  about  ninety-six 
species.  Grass  shrimps  were  found  to  form  a  major  component  of 
the  seagrass  and  drift-algae  communities. 

The  Life  Histories  Program  has  continued  to  accumulate  baseline 


Science  I  79 


Sampling  of  benthic  invertebrates  associated  with  seagrasses  at  field  experi- 
mental site  in  the  Indian  River  estuary,  Florida.  Below.  The  submersible 
Johnson-Sea-Link  II  leaving  her  mother  ship  R/V  Johnson  to  do  photographic 
reconnaissance  on  the  ocean  floor.  Note  camera  system  mounted  on  bow. 


*."\ 


[JOHNSON-SEMINKI 


information  on  the  critical  stages  in  reproduction  and  development 
of  the  common  species  in  the  region,  for  potential  utilization  in 
assessments  of  environmental  stresses  and  modifications  on  popula- 
tions of  marine  organisms.  This  knowledge  of  developmental  pat- 
tern is  basic  for  evaluation  of  the  effects  of  environmental  factors 
on  marine  animals,  for  individuals  with  highly  vulnerable  plank- 
tonic  larvae  are  predictably  more  susceptible  to  the  effects  of  pollu- 
tants than  those  with  direct  development  and  no  planktonic  stages. 
Three  specialized  techniques  were  devised  for  the  Program  this 
year:  a  quantitative  sampling  device  for  collecting  sand-dwelling 
sipunculans  and  polychaetes  for  population  analyses;  a  culturing 
technique  to  rear  successfully  planktonic  sipunculan  larvae,  through 
metamorphosis  to  adulthood;  and  a  procedure  for  preparing  one- 
micron-thick  serial  sections  of  larvae  and  embryos  embedded  in 
plastic  resins.  Six  different  sipunculan  larvae,  representing  four 
genera,  were  reared  to  sexual  maturity  in  the  laboratory.  One  of 
these,  common  to  oceanic  plankton,  was  reared  to  adulthood  and 
spawned  gametes  which  developed  to  the  second  larval  stage — the 
first-known  instance  of  the  successful  culturing  of  a  sipunculan 
larva  to  a  gamete-producing  mature  adult. 

The  Submersible  Exploration  of  the  East  Florida  Continental 
Shelf  has  continued  to  carry  out  its  dual  functions  of  reconnaissance 
and  contribution  to  the  inventory  bank  of  continental-shelf  organ- 
isms. Eleven  of  14  proposed  east-west  transects,  from  100  feet  to 
1000  feet  in  depth,  were  completed  between  Lake  Worth  and  Cape 
Canaveral.  These  transects  have  traversed  a  total  of  260  kilometers 
during  68  transect  and  local  reconnaissance  dives.  Forty-nine  lock- 
out dives  between  60  feet  and  212  feet  have  collected  97  plant 
species,  including  at  least  6  new  records  and  2  undescribed  species; 
about  230  different  invertebrates;  and  27  fish  species,  of  which  5 
are  new  records.  Many  species  of  organisms  were  observed  which 
were  not  collected. 


National  Air  and  Space  Museum 

A    unique    ribbon-cutting    ceremony    and    immediate    popularity 
marked  the  opening  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  (nasm), 


Science  I  81 


\ 


The  Air  Force  precision  flying  team,  the  Thunderbirds,  make  a  salutatory 
flight  over  the  new  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  during  opening  cere- 
monies, July  1,  1976,  on  the  Mall  terrace.  (Photo  credit:  Georgette  Edwards) 


highlighting  the  Bicentennial  summer  at  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution. 

On  opening  day,  July  1,  1976,  President  Ford  and  Vice  President 
Rockefeller  arrived  at  the  west  door  of  the  Museum,  where  they 
were  greeted  by  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  and  Museum  Director 
Michael  Collins.  The  party  toured  the  Museum  and  emerged  onto 
the  Mall  terrace  for  the  ribbon-cutting  ceremony  just  as  the  Air 
Force  precision  flying  team,  the  Thunderbirds,  made  a  third  saluta- 
tory flight  over  Jefferson  Drive. 

To  the  accompaniment  of  the  Air  Force  Band,  they  joined  plat- 
form guests  Warren  Burger,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 


82   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Left.  With  obvious  delight,  President  Ford,  Vice  President  Rockefeller,  Secre- 
tary S.  Dillon  Ripley,  and  Museum  Director  Michael  Collins  (reading  from 
right  to  left)  tour  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  on  opening  day,  July 
1,  1976.  Right.  Crown  Prince  Harald  of  Norway  (right)  listens  intently  as 
Michael  Collins  explains  an  exhibit  in  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum. 
Prince  Harald  was  an  honored  visitor  on  July  2,  1976. 


Supreme  Court  and  Chancellor  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution; 
Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Senator  Frank  E.  Moss,  Mr.  William  A. 
M.  Burden,  Mr.  Caryl  P.  Haskins,  and  Mr.  James  E.  Webb;  Senator 
Jennings  Randolph,  sponsor  of  the  original  National  Air  Museum 
legislation;  the  Right  Reverend  William  F.  Creighton,  Episcopal 
Bishop  of  Washington;  Mayor  Walter  E.  Washington;  and  Dr. 
David  Challinor,  the  Smithsonian's  Assistant  Secretary  for  Science. 

After  the  presentation  of  colors  by  the  Joint  Services  Color  Guard, 
welcoming  speeches  were  made.  Referring  to  the  Museum  as  "a 
perfect  birthday  present  from  the  American  people  to  themselves," 
President  Ford  dedicated  the  building. 

Symbolically  the  ribbon  for  the  opening  ceremony  was  bright  red, 
white,  and  blue,  and  stretched  between  the  jaws  of  a  replica  Viking 
spacecraft  soil-sampling  mechanism  similar  to  one  that  was  to  dig 
on  the  surface  of  Mars  a  few  weeks  later.  The  taut  ribbon  awaited 
not  a  snip  of  the  scissors  but  a  signal  from  the  Viking  spacecraft 
approaching  Mars. 

After  an  18-minute  journey  of  more  than  200  million  miles,  the 
signal  from  Mars  arrived  at  the  Museum,  causing  the  soil-sampling 


Science  I  83 


arm  to  retract.  The  ribbon  fluttered  to  the  ground,  burned  in  half 
by  a  hot  metal  coil  in  the  mechanism. 

The  completed  Museum  was  then  open  for  the  first  time.  Visitors 
came  at  such  rates  that  the  millionth  visitor  was  welcomed  only 
twenty-five  days  after  the  door  opened  and  the  two  millionth  after 
only  seven  weeks. 

EXHIBITS 

July  1,  1976,  marked  not  only  the  opening  of  the  Museum  but  also 
the  completion  of  the  preparation  period  of  the  inaugural  exhibition. 
The  effort  involved  appears  to  have  been  by  far  the  largest  single 
museum-exhibit  development  program  in  history,  encompassing 
twenty-three  major  galleries,  two  presentation  centers,  and  a  num- 
ber of  smaller  areas.  Under  the  direction  of  Michael  Collins,  this 
program  was  supervised  by  Melvin  B.  Zisfein,  Deputy  Director  of 
the  Museum.  Included  in  this  effort  were  the  development  of  basic 
concepts  for  each  gallery;  the  preparation  of  all  written  material 
(such  as  all  label  and  audiovisual  scripts)  needed  for  gallery  design; 
the  development  of  conceptual  and  detail  designs;  development  of 
all  fabrication  drawings  and  specifications;  programming  and  re- 
cording of  all  presentations;  preparation  of  all  plans;  and  fabrica- 
tion and  installation  of  all  exhibit  units. 

The  galleries  and  presentation  centers  that  were  opened  to  the 
public  on  July  1,  1976,  occupy  a  floorspace  of  some  230,000  square 
feet  on  two  exhibit  levels.  The  galleries  are  listed  below: 

Gallery  100  Milestones  of  Flight 

Gallery  102  Air  Transportation 

Gallery  103  Vertical  Flight 

Gallery  104  West  Gallery  (Early  Military  Aircraft) 

Gallery  105  General  Aviation 

Gallery  106  Exhibition  Flight 

Gallery  107  Life  in  the  Universe 

Gallery  108  South  Lobby  (Murals  and  Trophy  Hall) 

Gallery  109  Flight  Testing 

Gallery  110  Satellites 

Gallery  111  Benefits  from  Flight 

Gallery  112  East  Gallery  (Lunar  Exploration  Vehicles) 

Gallery  113  Rocketry  and  Space  Flight 

Gallery  114  Space  Hall 

Gallery  203  Sea-Air  Operations 


84   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Gallery  205         World  War  II  Aviation 

Gallery  206         Balloons  and  Airships 

Gallery  207  Air  Traffic  Control 

Gallery  208         Special  Exhibits  (Famous  "First"  Airplanes) 

Gallery  209         World  War  I  Aviation 

Gallery  210         Apollo  to  the  Moon 

Gallery  211  Flight  and  the  Arts 

Gallery  213         Flight  Technology 

Einstein  Spacearium 

nasm  Theater 

Most  of  the  design  of  these  galleries  was  initiated  in  fiscal  years 
1974  and  1975,  while  most  of  the  fabrication  occurred  in  fiscal  year 
1976.  All  gallery  concepts  were  developed  internally;  numerous  out- 
side firms,  however,  were  placed  under  contract  to  perform  portions 
of  the  detail  design  and  fabrication. 

The  nasm  exhibits  design  and  fabrication  program  was  closely 
managed  by  an  internal  group  chaired  by  the  Deputy  Director  and 
representing  all  phases  of  museum  operation.  A  comprehensive 
activity-by-activity  schedule  was  developed  for  each  gallery  and  a 
Coordinator  was  assigned  to  each  for  control  of  all  administrative 
aspects  of  the  gallery  development  program.  Items  requiring  action 


Over  three  million  visitors  thronged  the  new  National  Air  and  Space  Museum 
during  the  first  three  months  after  its  luly  1,  1976,  opening. 


#..*$ 


.   4    ' 


were  assigned  each  week  and  accounted  for  the  following  week. 
The  entire  program  was  completed  within  budget  and  several  days 
ahead  of  schedule. 

To  maximize  the  reliability  and  ease  of  maintenance  of  the  audio- 
visual and  electromechanical  portions  of  the  exhibits,  a  Museum 
Automatic  Control  Center  System  (maccs)  was  developed.  Con- 
tained in  a  climate-controlled  room  in  the  basement  of  the  Museum, 
maccs  is  designed  to:  (1)  feed  audio  and  video  programs  to  all  gal- 
leries as  required;  (2)  provide  switching  logic  to  all  exhibit  units 
(such  as  automated  shows)  requiring  it;  and  (3)  maintain  a  diag- 
nostic surveillance  of  all  exhibit  areas  to  detect  malfunctions  such 
as  film  break,  delamping,  loss  of  synchronization,  overheating,  etc., 
and  activate  a  malfunction  print-out  and  alarm  when  a  malfunction 
signal  is  received. 

maccs  is  the  only  facility  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  Its  use  has 
resulted  in  the  need  for  a  maintenance  staff  approximately  one-half 
to  one-quarter  that  of  an  equivalent  museum  not  comparably 
equipped. 

All  of  the  nasm  Departments  contributed  to  the  central  gallery, 
Number  100,  Milestones  of  Flight — the  premier  gallery  in  the 
National  Air  and  Space  Museum.  Only  the  most  highly  significant 
flight  vehicles  in  the  national  collection  qualify  for  inclusion  in  this 
gallery.  Special  recognition  is  accorded  the  1903  Wright  Flyer,  the 
first  airplane  capable  of  sustained  powered,  controlled,  manned 
flight.  Also  in  the  Gallery  are  such  historic  flight  vehicles  as  The 
Spirit  of  St.  Louis,  the  Bell  X-l,  the  North  American  X-15,  and 
spacecraft  such  as  the  Friendship  7,  Gemini  4,  and  Columbia,  the 
Apollo  11  command  module  that  orbited  the  moon  during  the  first 
manned  lunar  exploration.  Also  on  exhibit  is  a  lunar  rock  that 
visitors  can  examine  and  touch. 

During  1976,  the  Departments  of  Aeronautics,  Astronautics,  and 
Science  and  Technology  devoted  their  major  efforts  to  the  comple- 
tion of  those  galleries  pertaining  to  the  respective  Department's 
specialties.  Between  July  1,  1975,  and  July  1,  1976,  galleries  de- 
veloped from  the  concept  and  unit  script  stage  to  completion.  In 
addition  to  their  normal  tasks  of  research  and  writing,  many 
curators  from  the  Departments  were  assigned  the  job  of  coordinat- 
ing the  efforts  of  the  firms  engaged  in  the  design  and  construction 
of  the  exhibits. 

86   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


The  Space  Hall  features  a  walkway  that  permits  visitors  to  walk  through  the 
spacecraft  and  see  the  working  and  living  conditions  of  the  Skylab  astronauts. 
Below.  A  real  Apollo  Lunar  Module,  LM-2,  is  exhibited  on  the  main  floor  in 
the  East  Window.  Mylar  and  metal  materials  covering  portions  of  the  lunar 
module  are  mounted  for  visitors  to  touch. 


T\ 


/:.*' 


Suspended  high  over  the  visitors,  significant  transport  airplanes  are  shown 
in  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum.  Below.  In  the  simulated  aircraft-car- 
rier hangar  deck  of  the  Sea-Air  Operations  Gallery,  Melvin  B.  Zisfein,  Deputy 
Director,  and  Donald  S.  Lopez,  Assistant  Director  for  Aeronautics,  discuss  the 
completion  of  their  project. 


PRESENTATIONS  AND  EDUCATION  DIVISION 

Members  of  the  Presentations  and  Education  Division  worked  with 
other  Smithsonian  employees  to:  (1)  organize  and  begin  an  educa- 
tion program;  (2)  equip,  staff,  program,  and  begin  operation  of  the 
Albert  Einstein  Spacearium;  and  (3)  equip,  staff,  and  put  into  opera- 
tion a  highly  specialized  projection  theater.  All  of  these  programs 
went  into  full  operation  the  day  the  Museum  opened. 

The  year  began  with  twenty-three  volunteers  in  the  Education 
Unit.  Recruitment  during  the  fall  of  1975  multiplied  this  corps  of 
enthusiastic  and  capable  people  by  a  factor  of  ten.  During  the  first 
half  of  1976,  230  recruits  completed  the  training  program.  About 
two-thirds  of  them  have  worked  or  now  work  as  professionals  in 
aerospace  fields.  Some  are  pilots;  others  are  aerospace  managers, 
scientists,  engineers,  journalists,  and  educators;  still  others  are  air- 
traffic  control  workers. 

Volunteers  served  in  many  ways,  including  assisting  in  offices, 
library  work,  cataloguing,  care  and  storage  of  collections,  exhibit 
preparation,  public  information,  and  museum  teaching. 

During  the  past  year  considerable  progress  was  made  in  helping 
handicapped  visitors  enjoy  the  Museum.  A  full-time  coordinator  of 
programs  for  the  handicapped  was  hired.  The  philosophy  has  been 
to  integrate  handicapped  visitors  into  all  parts  of  the  Museum  rather 
than  to  have  special  exhibits  for  them.  Groups  such  as  the  National 
Federation  of  the  Blind,  the  National  Association  of  the  Physically 
Handicapped,  and  the  National  Association  of  the  Deaf  have  been 
of  great  help  in  this  effort. 

Wherever  possible  the  building  has  been  designed  or  modified  as 
a  barrier-free  environment  for  the  physically  handicapped.  Various 
implements  and  materials  have  been  and  will  continue  to  be  devel- 
oped for  handicapped  visitors.  For  example,  mirrors  with  universal 
clamps  that  will  attach  to  any  wheelchair  are  available  for  persons 
who  have  little  or  no  head  movement.  There  are  two  teletype 
machines:  one  for  use  in  the  Education  Office  for  answering  in- 
quiries from  deaf  persons,  the  other  for  use  in  the  public  areas  for 
communicating  with  deaf  visitors. 

Blind  persons  may  obtain  copies  of  the  nasm  and  Smithsonian 
brochures  in  either  braille,  large  print,  or  on  cassette  tape.  These 
sell  for  the  same  price  as  the  regular  printed  editions.  A  building 
model  of  the  Museum,  marked  in  braille  and  in  print,  is  located  in 
the  Lobby,  and  cassette  tours  of  Museum  galleries  are  provided  to- 

Science  I  89 


gether  with  a  list  of  touchable  objects.  Raised-line  drawings  have 
been  produced  and  may  be  borrowed  by  blind  visitors. 

On  June  1,  1976,  the  Smithsonian  Institution  received  a  grant  of 
$74,000  from  the  United  States  Office  of  Education  to  develop  a  set 
of  guidelines  for  establishing  museum  programs  for  handicapped 
students.  The  nasm  Education  Unit  directed  the  grant  on  behalf  of 
the  Institution,  with  participation  by  the  National  Museum  of  His- 
tory and  Technology,  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  and 
the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden.  Other  research  pro- 
grams, including  evaluation  of  nasm  galleries  and  presentation 
centers,  are  in  the  planning  stages. 

Volunteers  have  been  given  special  training  in  presenting  tours  to 
groups  that  include  handicapped  individuals.  A  comprehensive  bib- 
liography of  books  that  are  available  in  braille  or  talking-book  form 
has  been  compiled  with  the  cooperation  of  the  Washington,  D.C. 
Public  Library  and  the  Library  of  Congress.  In  addition,  a  growing 
collection  of  tape-recorded  material  on  air  and  space  subjects  is 
available  in  the  Museum  library. 

The  Education  Unit  arranged  and  conducted  a  number  of  special 
lectures.  One  lecture  series,  the  Noon-Time  Air  and  Space  Forum, 
consisted  of  fifteen  lectures  presented  by  selected  authorities  in 
aviation  and  space  science.  This  series  began  in  September  1975  and 
continued  monthly  through  May  1976.  In  past  years  these  lectures 
have  not  been  given  during  the  summer  months.  This  year,  how- 
ever, a  special  set  of  lectures,  arranged  with  the  help  of  the  Goddard 
Space  Flight  Center,  was  held  twice  monthly,  beginning  in  July 
1976. 

On  December  22, 1975,  the  second  Annual  Holiday  Lecture  Series 
for  high  school  students  was  given.  The  lectures,  presented  by  three 
noted  space  scientists,  were  on  the  theme  of  "The  Planets"  and  were 
supported  by  the  Daniel  and  Florence  Guggenheim  Foundation. 
During  1972  and  again  in  1974,  two  complementary  series  of  astron- 
omy lectures  were  co-sponsored  by  nasm  and  the  Smithsonian 
Astrophysical  Observatory.  A  third  series  started  in  the  fall  of  1976 
was  titled  "New  Windows  to  the  Universe." 

The  Albert  Einstein  Spacearium 

Prior  to  the  middle  of  this  century,  various  individuals  and  groups 
began  attempts   to   establish  a  major  planetarium  in  the  city  of 

90   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Washington.  The  opening  of  the  Albert  Einstein  Spacearium  is  the 
culmination  of  these  interests. 

During  the  fall  of  1975  a  Carl  Zeiss  Model  VI  planetarium  instru- 
ment was  installed  in  the  Spacearium.  This  instrument,  together 
with  funds  for  automation  of  the  Spacearium  system,  was  a  Bicen- 
tennial gift  from  the  Federal  Republic  of  Germany  to  the  people  of 
the  United  States.  An  interesting  feature  of  the  facility  is  a  foreign 
language  system  that  will  allow  visitors  to  hear  programs  in  French, 
German,  Japanese,  and  Spanish,  as  well  as  English. 

The  first  Spacearium  show,  "Cosmic  Awakening,"  is  a  42-minute 
look  at  how  human  perception  of  the  universe  has  changed  over  the 
past  two-hundred  years.  This  multi-media  show  uses  hundreds  of 
audiovisual  effects,  including  the  Zeiss  projector,  to  illustrate  the 
sun,  moon,  planets,  stars,  and  galaxies  and  mankind's  increasing 
comprehension  of  them.  The  automated  show  is  narrated  by  Burgess 
Meredith,  with  music  by  William  Penn  of  the  Eastman  School  of 
Music. 

The  Spacearium  is  also  used  for  education  programs  that  are  re- 
lated to  Museum-guided  school  activities. 

Even  though  the  Spacearium  opened  with  the  rest  of  the  Museum 
on  July  1,  1976,  it  was  officially  dedicated  on  July  15.  Chancellor 
Helmut  Schmidt  of  the  Federal  Republic  of  Germany  presented  the 
planetarium  system  and  its  control  system  to  Vice  President  Nelson 
Rockefeller,  who  received  the  gift  for  the  American  people.  A  new 
composition,  Sirius,  written  by  the  noted  German  composer  Karl- 
Heinz  Stockhausen,  was  given  its  world  premiere  during  the  dedica- 
tion ceremony.  A  beautiful  gleaming  glass  sculpture,  containing  an 
intaglio  of  Albert  Einstein,  was  especially  designed  and  fabricated 
by  Steuben  Glass  of  Corning,  New  York,  to  serve  as  a  dedicatory 
plaque.  It  is  located  beside  the  Spacearium  entrance. 

The  Theater 

The  theater  at  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  is  one  of  the 
world's  best  equipped  projection  theaters.  It  was  designed  to  accom- 
modate an  imax  projector,  one  of  six  currently  operational  in  the 
world.  This  instrument  projects  extremely  high-quality  motion  pic- 
tures onto  a  screen  50  feet  (five  stories)  high  and  75  feet  wide.  Fac- 
ing the  screen  are  483  seats  in  amphitheater  arrangement.  A  high- 
quality  sound  system  adds  the  aural  dimension  needed  to  sweep 

Science  I  91 


people  into  space  to  explore  the  accomplishments  of  flight.  This 
combination  of  equipment  and  giant  screen  helps  provide  Museum 
visitors  with  the  experience  of  flight,  increasing  their  enjoyment  and 
comprehension  of  the  Museum's  artifacts  and  exhibits. 

The  premier  imax  film  is  entitled  To  Fly.  It  is  a  "Bicentennial  view 
of  America  through  flight-oriented  eyes."  This  Francis  Thompson, 
Inc.,  production  was  custom-made  for  the  nasm  theater  and  was  pro- 
vided to  the  Museum  as  a  public  service  by  the  Continental  Oil 
Company.  The  film  was  directed  and  photographed  by  MacGil- 
livray-Freeman  Films  of  California.  It  will  be  shown  regularly  dur- 
ing Museum  hours  for  at  least  one  year. 

COLLECTIONS  MANAGEMENT 

The  period  from  July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976,  was 
characterized  by  an  extremely  high  level  of  activity,  directed  at 
moving  specimens  into  the  new  building,  erecting  or  hanging  these, 
and  improving  conditions  at  the  Silver  Hill  storage  facility. 

The  movement  of  more  than  250  major  air-and-space  artifacts 
from  more  than  two  dozen  locations,  some  as  far  away  as  the  Soviet 
Union,  presented  an  immediate  scheduling  problem.  The  problem 
was  compounded  by  the  size  and  weight  of  some  items  (the  weight 
of  the  Orbital  Work  Shop,  for  example,  exceeded  35  tons) ;  the  com- 
plexity of  others  (some  with  perhaps  as  many  as  100  major  com- 
ponents); and  the  fragility  of  still  others  (the  Wright  Flyer,  for 
example). 

The  modes  of  transportation  for  these  items  included  air,  rail, 
barge,  bus,  and  truck.  Truck  transportation  was  determined  to  be 
the  restricting  factor,  as  Smithsonian  trucks  were  limited  in  size 
and  had  numerous  other  commitments.  This  problem  was  solved 
when  the  United  States  Army  at  Fort  Belvoir  agreed  to  provide 
trucks,  tractors,  cranes,  and  operators  for  the  duration  of  the  move. 
The  Washington,  D.C.,and  Maryland  police  readily  provided  per- 
mits and  escorts  for  the  movement  of  large  items. 

During  the  entire  program,  in  which  more  than  1,000  truck  ship- 
ments were  made,  more  than  150  objects  suspended,  and  numerous 
artifacts  positioned  into  difficult  locations,  only  one  accident  oc- 
curred, involving  relatively  minor  (and  easily  repairable)  damage  to 
one  artifact  and  no  injury  to  personnel.  This  accident  had  a 
useful  side  result.  Despite  the  contractor's  primary  responsibility,  all 

92  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


future  lifts  were  reviewed  by  a  team  chaired  by  the  Deputy  Director. 
As  a  result,  even  so  complex  a  task  as  bringing  in  the  70,000-pound, 
23-foot-diameter  Orbital  Work  Shop  (ows)  and  assembling  it  to  its 
full  52-foot  height,  was  accomplished  safely. 

When  the  restoration  effort  at  the  Preservation,  Restoration,  and 
Storage  Division  at  Silver  Hill,  Maryland,  approached  completion, 
as  much  support  as  possible  was  directed  to  the  Museum  opening. 

An  evaluation  was  made  of  the  facility,  and  a  long-range  annual 
program  of  restoration  of  four  aircraft  and  preservation  of  twenty 
others  was  determined  to  be  the  most  useful  to  the  Museum  in 
terms  of  future  exhibit  requirements  and  the  management  of  the 
collection. 

The  microfilming  of  engine  materials  and  biographical  materials 
is  almost  complete.  The  project  was  much  more  time-consuming 
than  originally  envisioned.  The  space  saved  by  this  effort  will 
amount  to  more  than  forty-five  file-drawer  cases.  Additional  plans 
are  underway  to  use  microfilm  to  reduce  storage  space  further. 

As  a  result  of  the  various  attempts  to  improve  warehousing,  and 
indirectly  as  a  result  of  model  requirements  for  the  new  Museum, 
nasm's  model  collection  was  inventoried  and  reviewed  for  expansion 
and  deletion. 

THE  LIBRARY 

The  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  Library  staff  began  the  move 
to  the  new  building  on  July  14,  1975.  The  collection  of  over  22,000 
books,  4,600  bound  periodicals,  and  one  million  documents  was 
shelved  and  filed.  The  Library  opened  its  new  quarters  to  the  re- 
search staff  and  public  one  month  later  in  August.  When  the  con- 
solidation of  materials  from  two  warehouses  and  the  Arts  and 
Industries  nasm  collection  was  made,  significant  collections  were 
documented.  Over  1,000  motion  pictures  and  800  audio  tapes  were 
also  moved  from  a  warehouse  to  the  new  library. 

Special  collections  include  the  William  A.  M.  Burden  collection  of 
early  ballooning  books,  Russian  and  German  rocketry  works,  and 
scarce  aeronautica;  also,  the  Bella  Landauer  aeronautical  sheet 
music  collection  and  her  unique  collection  of  children's  books.  A 
valuable  1912  edition  of  Hike  and  the  Aeroplane  by  Tom  Graham, 
the  pseudonym  for  Sinclair  Lewis,  was  discovered  in  the  children's 
collection. 

Science  I  93 


View  of  the  reading  area  in  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum's  library 

showing  study  carrels. 


The  Ramsey  Room  houses  rare  and  scarce  aeronautica  and  astro- 
nautica.  Included  are  the  aeronautical  manuscripts  of  Samuel  Pier- 
pont  Langley,  James  Means,  Hiram  Maxim,  Otto  Lilienthal,  Octave 
Chanute,  Stephen  M.  Balzer,  the  correspondence  of  Professor 
Jerome  C.  Hunsaker,  designer  of  the  airship  Shenandoah,  and  the 
scrapbooks  of  Captain  "Eddie"  Rickenbacker. 

The  Ramsey  Room  furnishings  are  the  gift  of  Juanita  Gabriella 
Ramsey  (1892-1966),  who  visualized  this  room  as  a  memorial  to  her 
husband  and  to  all  persons  associated  with  the  science  and  art  of 
flight.  Admiral  De  Witt  Clinton  Ramsey  (1888-1961)  was  one  of 
the  first  naval  aviators  and  holder  of  the  Navy  Cross.  At  one  end  of 
the  room  are  portraits  of  Admiral  and  Mrs.  Ramsey.  The  painting 
of  the  admiral  is  by  the  late  Thomas  E.  Stephens;  that  of  Mrs. 
Ramsey  is  by  Gabriella  Koszorus.  At  the  other  end  of  the  room  are 
three  bronze  medallion  plaques  representative  of  three  forms  of 
manned  flight:  aerostation  (balloons  and  dirigibles),  aviation  (all 
heavier-than-air  craft),  and  astronautics  (space  flight). 


94   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


OFFICE  OF  THE  CURATOR  OF  ART 

During  fiscal  year  1976,  the  following  projects  were  undertaken  by 
the  Office  of  the  Curator  of  Art: 

Richard  Lippold  and  Charles  O.  Perry  were  commissioned  to  pro- 
duce two  major  sculptures,  which,  by  opening  day,  were  installed 
outside  the  entrances  to  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum. 

Richard  Lippold's  Ad  Astra,  a  100-foot  golden  spire  penetrating  a 
cluster  of  silver  stars,  stands  on  the  sidewalk  at  the  Mall  entrance  to 
the  Museum.  Charles  O.  Perry's  16-foot-diameter  black  bronze 
Continuum  is  at  the  Independence  Avenue  entrance. 

Artists  Robert  T.  McCall  and  Eric  Sloane  were  asked  to  decorate 
2,100-square-foot  walls  in  the  Independence  Avenue  Lobby  of  the 
National  Air  and  Space  Museum.  Mr.  McCall  painted  The  Space 
Mural:  A  Cosmic  View  and  Mr.  Sloane  did  The  Earth  Flight  En- 
vironment. Because  progress  went  so  well  on  these  murals,  they 
became  an  important  factor  in  the  decision  to  preview  the  Inde- 
pendence Lobby  area  to  the  public  beginning  on  February  2,  1976. 

At  the  same  time,  the  Office  of  the  Curator  of  Art  commissioned 
two  other  mural  projects:  one  by  Keith  Ferris  in  the  World  War  II 
gallery,  depicting  a  number  of  B-17  bombers  on  a  raid  over  Ger- 
many, and  the  other  by  Eric  Sloane  in  the  General  Aviation  Gallery, 
showing  a  cross  section  of  weather  conditions  when  warm  and  cold 
fronts  meet. 

For  the  first  time,  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  art  col- 
lection was  brought  together  from  three  storage  areas  to  a  perma- 
nent storage  facility  within  the  new  Museum.  Many  of  the  artworks 
not  on  display  in  the  public  exhibition  areas  are  either  displayed  in 
administrative  areas  within  the  Museum  or  installed  upon  racks  in 
the  new  storage  rooms. 

During  fiscal  year  1976,  about  600  new  pieces  of  art,  mostly 
transferred  from  the  National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administra- 
tion collection,  were  accessioned  and  catalogued. 

An  art  gallery  was  designed  and  built  during  this  period,  and  an 
inaugural  exhibition  of  119  pieces  of  art  by  64  artists  was  opened  to 
the  public.  Most  of  the  work  shown  was  transferred  to  the  National 
Air  and  Space  Museum  collection  from  the  National  Aeronautics 
and  Space  Administration.  Also  represented  in  the  exhibition  was 
work  from  the  United  States  Air  Force,  Department  of  the  Army, 
and  many  private  lenders  and  donors.  The  Metropolitan  Museum 

Science  I  95 


of  Art  lent  Richard  Lippold's  Variations  Within  a  Sphere:  The  Sun, 
Doris  Bry  lent  Georgia  O'Keefe's  Blue  A,  and  Stuart  M.  Speiser  lent 
from  his  collection  a  number  of  photo-realist  works  of  aerospace 
subjects. 

CENTER  FOR  EARTH  AND  PLANETARY  STUDIES 

Personnel  of  the  Center  for  Earth  and  Planetary  Studies  participated 
in  the  creation  of  the  lunar  sample  display  in  the  "Apollo  to  the 
Moon"  exhibit.  Center  personnel  were  also  responsible  for  the 
acquisition  of  one  lunar  sample  that  visitors  can  touch.  This  particu- 
lar display  has  proven  very  popular  with  nasm  visitors. 

Plans  were  initiated  for  a  new  exhibit  to  deal  with  space  science. 
The  nature  of  the  subject  will  necessitate  the  continuous  updating 
of  the  exhibit  as  new  knowledge  is  acquired.  Since  there  will  be  few 
artifacts  to  be  displayed  in  such  an  exhibit,  the  available  space  will 
be  used  to  impart  scientific  knowledge  to  Museum  visitors. 

The  Center  for  Earth  and  Planetary  Studies  played  an  important 
role  in  the  Apollo-Soyuz  Test  Project  (astp).  The  Research  Director 
of  the  Center,  Dr.  Farouk  El-Baz,  was  Principal  Investigator  for  the 
"Earth  Observations  and  Photography  Experiment"  on  this  mission. 
The  objectives  of  the  experiment  were  for  the  astronauts  to  make 
visual  observations  from  orbit  and  to  obtain  photographs  of  specific 
Earth  features,  processes,  and  phenomena.  The  experiment  was 
highly  successful.  A  description  of  performed  tasks  and  acquired 
data  was  published  in  the  Apollo-Soyuz  Test  Project  Preliminary 
Science  Report. 

The  southeastern  Mare  Serenitatis  area  of  the  Moon  has  been 
mapped  at  a  scale  of  1:250,000.  Data  sources  included  Apollo  pho- 
tographs, analyses  of  samples  from  the  Apollo  17  site,  and  results 
of  Apollo  orbital  geochemical  and  geophysical  sensors.  Using  struc- 
tural relationships  within  this  relatively  well-studied  area  of  the 
Moon,  it  is  possible  to  deduce  age  relations  of  other  lunar  basins 
and  thus  further  explain  their  geologic  history.  The  resulting 
sequences  of  tectonic  events  are  also  applicable  to  studies  of  major 
basins  on  Mars  and  Mercury. 

Cooperation  has  continued  with  the  National  Aeronautics  and 
Space  Administration  on  the  lunar  mapping  program.  The  Center 
Director  attended  meetings  of  the  Lunar  Photographic  and  Carto- 


96   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


graphic  Committee  to  choose  sites  for  future  lunar  mapping  in 
accordance  with  the  scientific  community's  needs,  interests,  and 
priorities.  Nomenclature  data  for  fourteen  new  maps  at  1:250,000 
scale  and  three  large-scale  maps  (1:50,000  scale  or  larger)  were  sup- 
plied to  the  Defense  Mapping  Agency  Topographic  Center  where 
the  maps  are  produced.  These  maps  are  used  in  both  regional  lunar 
studies  and  detailed  investigations  of  particular  surface  features  of 
interest  to  scientists  from  several  disciplines. 

A  computer  program  was  devised  for  the  lunar  nomenclature  file 
which  greatly  enhances  the  Center's  capacity  to  do  statistical  work 
and  to  retrieve  information.  The  computerized  file  will  be  expanded 
by  the  addition  of  scientific  details  relating  to  the  size,  character- 
istics, and  significance  of  named  lunar  features.  The  file  will  be 
used  by  the  Advisory  Committee  on  Extraterrestrial  Features  of  the 
U.S.  Department  of  Interior's  Board  of  Geographic  Names.  This 
committee  hopes  to  establish  a  system  of  nomenclature  that  would 
be  applicable  to  features  of  all  planetary  surfaces  in  the  solar 
system. 

The  photographic  library  of  the  Center  for  Earth  and  Planetary 
Studies  has  expanded.  New  acquisitions  include  Earth  photographs 
from  Gemini  3-12,  Apollo  6-17,  and  Apollo-Soyuz:  a  total  of  8,494 
new  frames.  Microfiche  catalogues  of  available  imagery  of  Mars  and 
Mercury  will  be  used  to  select  the  best  photographs  of  these  planets 
for  acquisition.  The  photographs  will  be  used  in  ongoing  research 
in  comparative  planetology. 


National  Museum  of  Natural  History 

The  Bicentennial  year  saw  major  improvements  and  enlargement  of 
the  interior  of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History  (nmnh)  in 
an  effort  to  make  the  public's  visit  to  the  Museum  more  rewarding. 
Improved  permanent  exhibits  were  created  and  a  variety  of  new 
service  conveniences  were  offered,  including  dining  facilities,  an 
escalator,  larger  lounge  areas,  centralized  restrooms,  orientation 
aids,  and  classrooms. 

"Our    Changing    Land,"    the    Museum's    Bicentennial    exhibit, 
opened  in  November  1975.  It  focuses  on  the  history  of  land  use  in 


Science  I  97 


inn 


I  i  I 


*•*   Bk     I  « 


the  Potomac  River  Valley.  The  changes  of  landscape  in  this  region 
are  representative  of  what  happened  to  many  North  American  areas 
after  they  were  settled  by  man  and  transformed  from  virginland  to 
farmland  and  ultimately  to  urban  centers.  It  will  become  a  perma- 
nent ecology  hall.  Other  permanent  exhibits  that  opened  in  late 
1975  and  1976  as  part  of  the  Museum's  long-range  exhibits-renewal 
program  are:  "South  America:  Continent  and  Culture,"  showing  the 
distinctive  environments  and  resources  of  four  South  American 
regions  and  the  different  ways  in  which  cultures  have  adapted  to 
them  during  the  prehistoric,  colonial,  and  modern  eras;  "The  Moon: 
Its  Rocks  and  History,"  a  large  display  of  moon  rocks  that  tells 
what  scientists  have  learned  from  the  rocks  about  the  first  one-half 
billion  years  of  planetary  evolution;  and  the  "Insect  Zoo,"  the  first 
such  installation  in  the  United  States,  in  which  a  visitor  can  view 
the  life-styles  of  a  large  array  of  live  insects  and  their  arthropod 


98   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Left.  Fourth  of  July  1976  parade  in 
front  of  the  National  Museum  of 
Natural  History  on  Constitution  Ave- 
nue. Right.  Young  visitor  watches 
tarantula  behavior  with  amazed 
delight  at  the  Museum's  popular 
Insect  Zoo.  (Photo  credit:  Chip  Clark) 


relatives  and  discover  why  insects  are  the  most  successful  animals 
on  earth. 

With  its  heavy  commitment  of  space  to  exhibits,  research  labo- 
ratories, and  collections  storage,  the  Museum  in  the  past  was  never 
able  to  find  the  room  for  a  restaurant  and  several  other  sorely 
needed  public  services.  But  in  1975-1976  an  imaginative  solution 
to  this  problem  was  worked  out  by  fitting  a  three-level  service 
building  within  the  Museum's  west  courtyard.  Originally  an  air  and 
light  shaft,  the  courtyard  had  become  an  anachronism  in  an  age  of 
air  conditioning  and  fluorescent  lighting,  serving  only  as  a  site  for 
a  small  tin  storage  shed.  The  new  service  building  constructed  in 
the  cleared  courtyard  adds  45,000  square  feet  of  floor  space  to 
the  Museum.  On  the  top  level,  with  access  from  the  Museum's 
rotunda  area,  a  skylit  public  dining  area  for  400  persons  and  a 
lounge  area  are  situated  next  to  a  shop  that  specializes  in  books 
and  items  related  to  natural  history.  Restrooms  are  conveniently 
accessible  one  flight  down  on  the  middle  level.  Late  in  1976  a 
Naturalist's  Center  is  scheduled  to  open  on  the  middle  level,  de- 
signed   for    amateur   naturalists    who    are   interested   in   handling 


Science  I  99 


<"*>  ■■■*. 


Botanist  Robert  Read  places  plants   in   the  Museum's  new  rooftop   research 
greenhouse.  (Photo  credit:  Victor  Krantz) 


and  studying  natural  history  specimens.  This  facility  will  be  oper- 
ated by  the  Museum's  Office  of  Education.  On  the  ground  level  is 
a  school-tour  staging  area  that  includes  a  conference  room  and 
four  classrooms — also  useful  to  the  Office  of  Education — and  sep- 
arate employee  and  Smithsonian  Associates  dining  areas. 

In  addition  to  services  offered  in  the  west  courtyard  building,  the 
record  crowds  of  visitors  to  the  Museum  during  the  latter  half  of 
the  Bicentennial  year  enjoyed  a  number  of  other  new  accommoda- 
tions. At  the  Constitution  Avenue  entrance  to  the  Museum,  a 
spacious  lounge  area  with  comfortable  sofas  and  soft  rugs  opened 
for  foot-weary  visitors.  Those  eager  to  see  the  exhibits  had  a  new 
escalator  to  take  them  directly  from  the  ground-floor  Bicentennial 
exhibit  hall  up  to  the  second-floor  rotunda  area.  There  they  obtained 
orientation  maps  keyed  to  large  colored  banners  hanging  at  the 
entrances  of  exhibit  halls  around  the  rotunda.  The  banners  identify 
the  contents  of  the  halls  and  add  a  note  of  gaiety  and  warmth  to 
the  rotunda's  grey  granite  facade.  These  improvements  are  part  of 
a  new  program  designed  to  insure  that  visitors  find  their  way 
through  the  Museum  without  becoming  lost  or  confused.  New  direc- 


100  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


tional  signs  and  map  stands  have  been  placed  at  strategic  points  to 
assist  in  this  effort. 

A  rooftop  greenhouse,  serving  as  a  research  resource  for  the 
Museum's  botanists,  and  a  two-story  Osteo-Preparation  Laboratory 
have  been  erected  in  the  east  courtyard.  The  Osteo-Preparation 
Laboratory  provides  space  for  the  dissection  and  preparation  of  bird 
and  mammal  research  specimens,  especially  marine  mammals,  which 
the  Museum  is  gathering  in  large  numbers  from  its  marine  mammal 
beach  salvage  program.  Another  service  to  scientists  set  up  at  the 
Museum  in  1975-1976  is  the  Scientific  Event  Alert  Network  (sean). 
sean  is  a  worldwide  communications  system,  administered  by 
the  Museum's  Director  and  a  scientific  review  board,  which  alerts 
scientists  throughout  the  world  of  geophysical,  biological,  astro- 
nomical, and  anthropological  events,  from  meteorite  falls  and  vol- 
canic eruptions  to  whale  strandings  and  archeological  finds. 

One  of  the  highlights  of  1975-1976  at  the  Museum  was  the  visit 
of  Emperor  Hirohito  of  Japan.  The  Emperor,  who  is  a  marine 
biologist,  visited  the  Department  of  Invertebrate  Zoology,  where 
he  spent  over  an  hour  in  the  privacy  of  a  laboratory  studying 
hydroid  and  mollusk  specimens  with  the  assistance  of  staff  curators 
Dr.  Frederick  M.  Bayer  and  Dr.  Joseph  Rosewater. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  INVERTEBRATE  ZOOLOGY 

What  kinds  of  animals  and  plants  can  one  find  on  an  undisturbed 
Caribbean  coral  reef?  How  do  they  interact  with  each  other?  What 
effects  do  changes  in  light,  temperature,  and  wave  action  have  on 
these  organisms?  How  do  populations  change  with  time  and  increas- 
ing influence  of  man?  What  is  the  reef's  energy  budget,  and  how 
much  organic  matter  (carbon)  and  how  many  nutrients  does  it 
exchange  with  the  surrounding  sea? 

At  Carrie-Bow  Cay,  a  tiny  island  that  stands  on  the  barrier  reef 
extending  along  the  coast  of  Belize  (British  Honduras),  nmnh 
marine  biologists,  geologists,  botanists,  and  paleontologists  have 
undertaken  a  long-term  ecological  investigation  that  they  hope  will 
shed  increased  light  on  these  questions. 

The  Investigation  of  Marine  Shallow  Water  Ecosystems  project 
(imswe)  is  coordinated  by  nmnh's  Dr.  Klaus  Ruetzler.  He  and  the 
other  scientists  chose  Carrie-Bow  Cay  as  their  study  site  because  of 


Science  I  101 


I 


Is  ,,%  Fjl 


MPS 


*-*& 


Aerial  view  of  Carrie-Bow  Cay,  off  the  coast  of  Belize.  This  compact  reef  labo- 
ratory is  the  study  site  for  the  Investigation  of  Marine  Shallow  Water  Ecosys- 
tems project.  Below.  Diver  photographs  underwater  reef  life  at  Carrie-Bow 
Cay.  Right.  Dr.  Klaus  Ruetzler,  coordinator  of  the  project,  studies  biological 
material  recovered  from  the  reef.  (Photo  credit:  Kjell  Sandved) 


features  that  make  it  an  ideal  reef  laboratory.  Perhaps  the  most 
important  of  these  features  is  the  compactness  of  the  reef,  which 
slopes  off  sharply  into  deep  water,  making  it  convenient  for  the 
scientists  to  monitor  its  different  habitat  zones.  Two  other  ideal 
characteristics  are  its  accessibility  from  the  mainland  by  charter 
boat  and  the  presence  of  several  buildings  that  can  be  used  by  the 
scientists  as  lodgings  and  laboratory  space.  Finally,  and  no  less 
importantly,  the  reef  is  not  marred  by  pollution  or  other  manmade 
disturbances. 

In  addition  to  carefully  mapping  and  photographing  the  reef, 
much  of  the  early  study  has  been  devoted  to  an  inventory  and 
description  of  the  reef's  inhabitants.  Samples  of  life  have  been 
systematically  sampled  from  the  various  marine  habitats  off 
Carrie-Bow  Cay  and  logged  and  distributed  to  specialists  for  iden- 
tification. Quite  a  few  of  the  scientists  participating  in  the  pro- 
gram have  made  frequent  scuba-diving  descents  into  the  reef  and 
lagoon  waters  to  do  their  own  collecting,  which  they  prefer  because 
they  can  make  underwater  observations  that  give  them  clues  as  to 
how  the  organisms  they  are  interested  in  relate  to  the  total  reef 
ecosystem.  Among  this  group  are  Dr.  Ruetzler,  who  has  inventoried 
the  reef's  sponges;  Dr.  Thomas  Waller,  who  is  interested  in  Carrie- 


Science  /   103 


Sea  urchin  collected  by  Museum  Director  Porter  Kier  at  Carrie-Bow  Cay. 


Bow  Cay's  bivalves,  particularly  the  scallops;  Dr.  Porter  Kier,  who 
has  collected  over  twenty  different  kinds  of  echinoids  in  the 
island's  lagoon  and  reef  bottom;  Dr.  Ian  Macintyre,  who  is  studying 
the  reef's  coral  rocks;  and  Dr.  James  Norris,  who  is  investigating 
Carrie-Bow  Cay's  marine  flora.  Kjell  Sandved,  the  Museum's  bio- 
logical motion  picture  producer,  documented  all  of  this  underwater 
work. 

Many  of  the  specimen  collections  made  at  Carrie-Bow  Cay  are 
now  the  basis  for  further  studies.  Dr.  Ruetzler,  for  example,  has 
been  making  electron  microscope  examinations  of  the  blue-green 
algae  within  the  cellular  system  of  sponges,  a  study  that  illuminates 
the  symbiotic  process  whereby  an  animal  gets  nutritious  photo- 
synthetic  products  from  plants.  Dr.  Norris  is  submitting  his  speci- 
mens of  algae  and  seaweed  to  colleagues  for  chemical  analysis  in 
order  to  discover  what  alkaloid  compounds  these  plants  contain 
that  protect  them  from  fish  and  other  plant  grazers. 

Considerable  research  has  been  directed  at  the  processes  that 
contribute  to  the  construction  and  destruction  of  the  reef  frame- 


104   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


work — research  that  is  giving  scientists  a  better  idea  of  how  much 
energy  the  Carrie-Bow  Cay  reef  ecosystem  expends  in  carbonate 
production  and  breakdown.  Dr.  Ian  Macintyre  has  headed  this  part 
of  the  project.  One  of  his  successful  experiments  provides  a  new 
means  of  determining  the  rates  of  growth  of  reef  corals.  At  regular 
intervals,  plastic  bags  are  placed  over  coral  head  and  a  red  dye 
released  inside,  staining  the  exposed  coral.  Eventually  the  coral  is 
collected,  sectioned,  and  radiographed.  The  result  is  a  picture  that 
perfectly  preserves  the  history  of  the  coral,  making  visible  dye 
bands  that  can  be  read  like  tree  rings  and  enabling  Dr.  Macintyre 
to  see  how  a  species  of  coral  grows  in  relationship  to  its  environ- 
ment. Transplantation  experiments  of  dyed  corals  suggest  that  at 
Carrie-Bow  Cay  light  is  the  critical  factor  in  determining  coral  form 
and  growth.  A  coral  can  grow  in  a  vertical  column  at  depths  where 
there  is  little  light  (below  50  feet),  whereas  in  shallow  areas  where 
there  is  high  light  intensity  the  same  species  will  show  little  vertical 
growth  but  significant  hemispherical  growth. 

Other  experiments  by  Dr.  Macintyre  are  planned  or  are  in 
progress.  He  and  his  colleague  Dr.  Walter  Adey  have  drilled  into 
the  Carrie-Bow  Cay  reef  substructure  in  initial  attempts  to  recon- 
struct the  historic  development  of  the  ecosystem.  In  another  ongoing 
project,  different  types  of  coral  plates,  one-half  to  one-inch  thick, 
have  been  spiked  into  the  reef  floor  at  different  depths.  Over  a 
period  of  years  these  plates  are  expected  to  yield  information  on 
what  types  of  boring  organisms  attack  different  corals  and  at  what 
rate.  Screened  traps  on  upright  plastic  pipes  record  sediment  ac- 
cumulation rates  and  biological  data.  In  several  cases  a  rare  mollusk 
invaded  a  trap  in  its  larval,  free-swimming  stage  and  established 
itself  in  the  sediment,  allowing  Dr.  Thomas  Waller  to  make  obser- 
vations of  its  growth. 

Dr.  Mary  Rice  is  engaged  in  an  intensive  study  of  sipunculan 
worms  that  form  burrows  in  dead  reef  coral  and  weaken  its  struc- 
ture. Her  investigation  seeks  to  determine  what  are  the  diversity 
and  density  of  worms  in  the  rock;  if  there  are  some  types  of  rock 
into  which  they  bore  more  readily  than  others;  and  how  they  do  the 
boring,  a  process  that  is  poorly  understood  because  the  worms  do 
not  make  the  holes  when  they  are  put  under  observation  in  a 
laboratory. 

Other  nmnh  scientists  who  are  working  at  Carrie-Bow  Cay  or 


Science  I  105 


who  are  helping  in  the  identification  and  study  of  its  organisms 
include:  Raymond  Fosberg,  terrestrial  ecology;  Frederick  Bayer, 
sea  fans  and  other  coelenterates;  C.  W.  Hart,  Jr.,  Louis  Kornicker, 
Fenner  Chace,  Raymond  Manning,  and  Colby  A.  Child,  Crustacea; 
Martin  Buzas,  foraminifera;  Meredith  Jones,  polychaete  worms; 
and  David  L.  Pawson,  echinoderms. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ANTHROPOLOGY 

Archeology 

In  1972,  Robert  B.  Jones  was  bulldozing  irrigation  ditches  in  a  field 
on  his  ranch  near  Wray,  Colorado,  when  he  turned  up  a  quantity 
of  bones  and  stone  points.  Jones  called  in  Jack  Miller,  a  Colorado 
anthropologist,  who  examined  the  site  and  identified  several  hun- 
dred bison  bones  and  a  large  number  of  Paleolndian  stone  and  bone 
tools.  This  discovery  set  in  motion  a  chain  of  events  that  led  to  a 
full-scale  National  Geographic  Society-funded  excavation  directed 
by  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History's  Dr.  Dennis  Stanford, 
an  archeologist  who  heads  a  program  that  is  trying  to  throw  light 
on  the  settlement  patterns  of  early  man  as  he  moved  from  the  Bering 
Straits  to  Tierra  del  Fuego  at  the  tip  of  South  America. 

The  Stanford  party's  dig  at  the  Jones-Miller  site  revealed  the  bone 
remains  of  nearly  300  big-horned  bison  (the  extinct  Bison 
Antiquus),  spread  over  a  30-meter-long  by  20-meter-wide  area.  The 
bison  evidently  had  been  killed  and  butchered  some  10,000  years 
ago  by  a  band  of  40  to  50  Paleolndians.  The  bones  had  been  tossed 
systematically  into  piles,  suggesting  that  the  bison  were  quartered 
and  that  groups  of  persons  were  organized  and  given  specialized 
responsibilities  for  preparing  meat  cuts  from  different  sections  of 
the  dead  animals.  Hundreds  of  stone  and  bone  cutting  and  chopping 
tools  were  found  at  the  site,  as  well  as  stone  projectile  points.  The 
source  of  the  stone  has  been  traced  to  Plains  areas  in  Wyoming, 
Nebraska,  Kansas,  Colorado,  and  the  Texas  panhandle,  raising  the 
question  whether  the  stone  came  there  through  the  union  of  several 
bands  at  the  site,  through  one  band's  roving  travels,  or  through 
regional  trade. 

Whatever  its  source,  the  evidence  shows  that  one  or  more  groups 
of  Paleolndians  evidently  spent  the  winter  in  this  area  of  north- 
eastern Colorado  and,  on  several  occasions  when  they  needed  meat, 
banded  together  to  corral  and  kill  bison  at  the  Jones-Miller  draw. 

106   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


The  Jones-Miller  site  near  Wray,  Colorado,  where  20,000  disarticulated  bones 
of  butchered  bison  were  found.  Dr.  Dennis  Stanford,  archeologist  with  the 
National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  directed  the  excavation,  which  revealed 
evidence  of  the  presence  of  one  or  more  groups  of  Paleolndians.  (Photo  credit: 
National  Geographic  Society) 


In  the  scenario  Dr.  Stanford  has  reconstructed,  the  draw  was  filled 
with  windblown  snow.  The  hunters  herded  a  group  of  bison  into  the 
draw's  snowdrifts  and  as  the  bison  floundered  around,  dispatched 
them  from  the  edge  of  the  draw  with  hand-launched  spears.  Then 
the  bison  were  butchered  on  the  site,  with  the  snow  acting  as  a 
freezing  agent  to  keep  the  meat  fresh  until  the  job  was  completed. 

Many  observers  of  the  nineteenth-century  Northern  Plains  In- 
dians reported  the  use  of  a  similar  winter  buffalo-hunting  strategy 
and  also  noted  that  these  hunts  were  highly  ritualized  occasions.  In 
the  center  of  the  impoundment,  a  "medicine  post"  was  set  up  and 
offerings  were  placed  around  it  for  a  successful  kill.  Outside  the  im- 
poundment, the  hunt  chief  held  a  religious  ceremony  for  several 
days  before  the  hunt,  burning  incense  on  smudge  fires. 

At  the  Jones-Miller  site  Dr.  Stanford  uncovered  intriguing  evi- 
dence that  these  same  rituals  were  practiced  by  the  Plains  Paleo- 


Science  I  107 


Indians.  A  large  post  mold  was  found  in  the  center  of  the  draw. 
So  shallowly  was  the  post  emplaced  that  it  probably  was  not  meant 
to  serve  any  purpose  in  the  butchering  operation.  Near  the  post 
mold  a  flutelike  drilled  bone  and  an  extremely  tiny  but  complete 
projectile  point  were  dug  up,  both  of  which  could  have  had  a 
ceremonial  purpose.  West  of  the  bone  bed,  a  hearth  area  was  found 
that  contained  red  and  yellow  ochre,  both  associated  with  cere- 
monial activities. 

The  many  similarities  of  the  Jones-Miller  hunt  to  the  historical 
plains  hunts  have  interesting  implications.  They  suggest  the 
existence  of  at  least  10,000  years  of  socioreligious  continuity  on  the 
northern  plains,  which  would  alter  our  theoretical  concepts  of  the 
development  of  Plains  Indian  culture  and  the  complexity  of 
Paleolndian  society.  According  to  Dr.  Stanford:  "It  is  the  first 
Paleolndian  physical  evidence  we  have  ever  uncovered  that  gives 
evidence  of  a  high  level  of  social  organization.  Early  bison  kills  like 
this  were  generally  assumed  to  be  fortuitous  happenings,  but  we  can 
see  from  what  happened  at  the  Jones-Miller  site  that  it  was  actually 
a  highly  complex,  ritualized  and  planned  event." 

Ethnology 

Dr.  Samuel  Johnson  labored  for  six  years  over  his  famous  dictionary 
and  now  Dr.  Robert  Laughlin,  a  cultural  anthropologist  at  the 
National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  after  an  even  longer  lexico- 
graphic effort,  has  had  his  The  Great  Tzotzil  Dictionary  of  San 
Lorenzo  Zinacantdn  published  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Press. 

When  he  started  the  project  fourteen  years  ago,  Dr.  Laughlin 
recalls  that  he  was  rashly  confident  he  could  swiftly  complete  it.  He 
quotes  in  his  dictionary's  introduction  a  letter  he  wrote  to  his 
secretary  in  those  sanguine  days: 

"An  extensive  dictionary  of  the  Mayan  language,  Tzotzil,  spoken 
today  by  78,000  Indians  of  the  State  of  Chiapas — has  not  been  com- 
piled since  the  18th  century.  In  1960  a  vocabulary  of  2,000  items  of 
the  dialet  of  Zinacantan  was  collected  by  Lore  M.  Colby.  I  have 
expanded  the  vocabulary  to  4,000  items.  It  is  hoped  that  this  mate- 
rial will  be  ready  for  publication  in  a  year's  time." 

He  was  wrong.  The  book  was  not  ready  for  press  until  1973  and 
in  that  interval,  Dr.  Laughlin  noted  ruefully,  the  population  of  the 
78,000  Tzotzil  Indians  had  grown  with  "fearful  exuberance"  to 

108   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


125,000;  the  vocabulary  of  4,000  items  had  mushroomed  to  more 
than  45,000;  and  he  had  undergone  searing  tribulations  in  the  pro- 
cess of  having  the  dictionary  programmed  into  a  computer.  He  be- 
lieves it  to  be  the  largest  dictionary  ever  published  of  a  Western 
Hemisphere  language. 

Dr.  Laughlin  began  his  study  of  the  Zinacantec  language  in  1959. 
That  year,  he  was  invited  as  a  Harvard  postgraduate  student  to  join 
Dr.  Evon  Vogt's  Chiapas  Project.  He  soon  succeeded  in  learning 
the  language  and  set  about  documenting  Zinacantec  folktales  and 
myths.  Completing  a  dissertation  on  this  subject,  and  taking  a  job 
at  the  Smithsonian,  he  returned  to  Zinacantan,  and  after  a  year 
decided  to  undertake  the  task  of  compiling  an  extensive  dictionary 
for  the  Chiapas  project's  use. 

Most  of  the  raw  data  for  the  dictionary  was  compiled  between 
1963-1967  with  the  help  of  two  highly  intelligent  and  articulate 
young  Tzotzil  collaborators,  Romin  Teratol  and  Anselmo  Peres. 
Dr.  Laughlin  spent  many  months  interviewing  them  in  Zinacantan. 
He  also  brought  them  to  the  United  States — to  Santa  Fe,  New 
Mexico,  and  to  his  home  in  Alexandria,  Virginia — where  Tzotzil 
definitions  were  added  for  "such  foreign  elements  as  chaise  lounges, 
which  were  promptly  dubbed  in  Tzotzil  'foot  watchers/  '  Identifica- 
tion of  stars  was  made  in  visits  to  the  Hayden  Planetarium,  and 
insects  and  larger  animals  not  seen  in  Zinacantan  were  named  dur- 
ing trips  to  United  States  museums  and  zoos. 

Dr.  Laughlin's  collaborators  become  increasingly  foot-weary  as 
month  after  month  was  spent  walking  along  trails  through  the 
mountainous  Zinacantan  region.  The  dictionary  has  five  maps, 
showing  the  1,000  place  names  that  the  collaborators  pinpointed 
with  the  aid  of  aerial  photographs  and  ground  surveys.  Ornitholo- 
gist Alexander  Skutch  went  into  the  field  and  helped  make  sight 
identifications  of  scores  of  birds,  and  Dennis  Breedlove,  an  authority 
on  Chiapas  flora,  advised  in  the  collection  of  more  than  3,000  local 
plants.  This  part  of  the  project  was  so  successful  that  Dr.  Laughlin 
began  to  worry  that  plants  were  going  to  engulf  the  whole 
dictionary. 

As  published,  the  dictionary  is  598  pages  long.  The  heaviness  of 
the  tome  makes  a  mockery  of  the  conventional  wisdom  that  "primi- 
tives speak  'primitive'  languages,"  Dr.  Laughlin  believes.  For  him 
the  language  has  genius.  Its  musical  cadences  and  complex  phraseol- 


Science  I  109 


ogy  brilliantly  lend  themselves  to  the  formal  discourse,  gossip,  and 
spinning  of  tales  that  are  the  heart  of  Zinacantan  life. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ENTOMOLOGY 

Squash,  gourds,  and  pumpkins  (Curcurbita  plants)  are  native  to  the 
Western  Hemisphere,  where  they  evolved  in  close  association  with 
bees  that  are  especially  adapted  to  pollinate  them.  But  when  these 
plants  were  introduced  into  other  parts  of  the  world,  squash  bees 
were  left  behind,  so  that  less  effective  honeybees,  native  wild 
bees,  or  man  himself,  had  to  do  the  pollinating.  These  methods  of 
pollination  have  never  worked  very  well,  and  crops  of  Curcurbita 
plants  cultivated  in  areas  without  squash  bees  have  a  poor  yield. 

nmnh  entomologist  Dr.  Paul  Hurd  is  attempting  to  restore  this 
perfect  and  age-old  squash-plant-and-insect  partnership  in  Hawaii, 
an  island  where  squashes  exist  but  no  squash  bees.  If  Dr.  Hurd's 
experiment  is  successful,  he  feels  that  it  may  possibly  be  repeated 
throughout  the  world,  dramatically  increasing  the  production  of  one 
of  man's  important  food  sources. 

One  of  the  first  things  Dr.  Hurd  and  his  two  collaborators,  Dr. 
E.  Gorton  Linsley  and  A.  E.  Michelbacher,  had  to  determine  was 
which  species  of  squash  bee  would  be  best  to  export  to  Hawaii. 
After  studying  the  distribution,  ecology,  and  behavior  of  the 
twenty-one  species  of  squash  bees  ranging  throughout  Mexico  and 
North  America,  they  selected  the  species  P.  pruinosa  because  of  its 
efficiency  as  a  pollinator  of  almost  all  domestic  Curcurbita  plants 
and  its  proven  ability  to  survive  in  a  wide  variety  of  climatic  and 
topographical  conditions. 

They  chose  California's  Sacramento  Valley  as  a  region  to  collect 
bees  for  their  experiment.  Deep  rich  soil  makes  the  Sacramento 
Valley  a  center  for  the  growing  of  pumpkins  for  the  canning  in- 
dustry; a  great  deal  of  commercial  and  home  planting  of  summer 
and  fall  squashes  is  done  there,  too.  This  abundance  of  pumpkins  is 
directly  related  to  the  large  populations  of  P.  pruinosa  bees  that  live 
in  the  area. 

One  of  the  flat,  grassy,  well-watered  areas  where  the  squash  bees 
make  their  burrows  was  located,  and  behavioral  observations  were 
made  that  determined  that  the  bees  were  leaving  their  nests  for 
the  fields  shortly  after  5  a.m.  It  was  apparent  that  they  had  become 
adapted  to  flying  at  early  morning  temperatures  and  at  low  light- 

110  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


intensities  so  that  they  could  synchronize  their  foraging  with  the 
limited  time  in  the  morning  that  the  pumpkin  flowers  are  open. 

Before  the  heat  of  the  day  wilts  and  closes  the  flowers  and  other 
insects  arrive,  the  P.  pruinosa  bees  are  able  to  get  the  pollen  and 
nectar  they  need  from  the  flower  and  at  the  same  time  pollinate 
them.  The  plants  have  adaptive  features  that  encourage  pollination, 
including  heavy,  large,  and  adhesive  pollen  grains;  an  adhesive 
stigma;  a  large  amount  of  sugar-rich  nectar  produced  by  both 
staminate  and  pistillate  flowers;  and  large  showy  blossoms. 

Once  the  scientists  discovered  the  daily  rhythm  of  activity  of  the 
squash  bees,  they  were  able  to  choose  the  best  time  to  collect  the 
bees  for  their  introduction  experiments.  Females,  they  decided,  are 
best  moved  immediately  after  their  emergence  from  the  pupate 
stage  in  early  June,  before  nest  construction  has  begun. 

They  checked  on  this  and  other  critical  factors  by  conducting 
a  number  of  trial  introductions.  Batches  of  Sacramento  bees  were 
collected  in  the  fields  and  released  the  next  day,  250  miles  away, 
near  squash  plantings  close  to  the  Davis  and  Berkeley  campuses  of 
the  University  of  California. 

A  method  of  transporting  the  bees  had  to  be  developed  for  the 
trial  introductions.  Still  in  the  flowers,  the  bees  were  placed  in 
plastic  bags  that  were  put  in  thermos  jugs  or  ice  chests  with  a 
cardboard  liner  to  protect  them  from  direct  contact  with  the  ice 
or  ice  water.  Usually  some  bees  died  during  the  trips,  but  most  of 
them  were  ready  to  resume  full  activity  on  being  released.  Before 
letting  them  go,  the  three  scientists  marked  the  bees  with  colored 
acrylic  paint  so  that  later  they  could  identify  them  on  the  plants. 

Feeling  that  the  trial  introductions  had  worked  out  well  enough 
to  warrant  going  ahead  with  the  Hawaii  experiment,  the  three 
scientists  enlisted  the  cooperation  of  the  Hawaii  and  the  California 
Agricultural  Experiment  Stations,  and  Dr.  Toshiyuki  Nishida  and 
his  associates  of  the  Department  of  Entomology  of  the  University  of 
Hawaii.  Dr.  Nishida  made  local  arrangements,  including  the  locating 
of  pumpkin  plantings  where  the  bees  could  be  released. 

Dr.  Hurd  and  Mr.  Michelbacher  then  flew  a  batch  of  captive  bees 
to  Hawaii  and  released  them  at  designated  sites  in  Hawaii  and  on 
the  neighboring  island  of  Oahu.  These  sites  are  now  being  moni- 
tored to  see  if  breeding  populations  of  squash  bees  will  succeed  in 
permanently  establishing  themselves. 

Science  I  111 


DEPARTMENT  OF  MINERAL  SCIENCES 

Dr.  Kurt  Fredriksson  is  completing  a  decade  of  studies  of  the  only 
major  meteorite  crater  on  earth  that  is  directly  comparable  to 
lunar  impact  craters. 

Lonar  crater,  in  the  Bulana  District  of  Maharashtra,  India,  is  a 
rimmed  circular  depression  in  basaltic  rock,  1,830  meters  across  and 
nearly  150  meters  deep,  with  a  shallow  lake  in  the  center.  For 
many  years  it  was  commonly  believed  to  be  volcanic,  despite  the 
glass  fragments  that  had  been  found  on  the  rim  of  the  crater — 
evidence  of  a  meteoritic  origin — and  despite  the  crater's  close  re- 
semblance in  structure  and  size  to  Arizona's  Meteor  Crater. 

In  1964,  the  Geological  Survey  of  India  carried  out  magnetic, 
gravity,  and  seismic  surveys  at  the  site,  but  the  surveyors  did  not 
uncover  sufficient  evidence  to  prove  the  impact  hypothesis.  No 
magnetic  anomalies  of  significance  were  discovered,  and  studies  of 
lake  water  and  soils  and  plants  from  in  and  around  the  crater 
did  not  reveal  any  appreciable  concentration  of  nickel  or  cobalt,  two 
elements  that  are  present  in  enriched  quantities  in  most  meteorites. 

Unsatisfied  with  the  scope  of  this  investigation,  Dr.  Fredriksson, 
an  authority  on  meteorites,  suggested  further  tests.  He  knew  that 
if  Lonar  was  indeed  a  meteoritic  crater,  its  situation  in  basaltic  rock, 
which  is  similar  to  many  lunar  basalts,  would  give  it  singular  sig- 
nificance. No  other  basaltic  impact  craters  are  known  on  earth, 
and  samples  of  the  Lonar  crater  would  be  of  great  value  for  com- 
parison with  samples  brought  back  from  the  moon  by  the  Apollo 
missions. 

The  India  Geological  Survey  concurred  with  Dr.  Fredriksson 
about  the  importance  of  establishing  the  impact  origin  of  the  Lonar 
structure.  In  cooperation  with  the  Smithsonian,  the  Survey  began  a 
comprehensive  exploration  program,  including  geologic  mapping, 
drilling,  trenching,  and  geochemical  studies.  The  work  began  in 
1970  and  although  not  yet  completely  finished,  it  has  established 
beyond  a  doubt  that  the  Lonar  crater  was  produced  by  a  meteorite 
that  hit  the  earth's  surface  perhaps  less  than  50,000  years  ago 
(carbon-14  dating  indicates  an  age  of  more  than  30,000  years). 

"At  Lonar  we  can  make  a  detailed  study  of  debris  ejected  from  a 
relatively  recent  basaltic  impact  point,  including  a  mapping  of  its 
fall-out  distribution,"  Dr.  Fredriksson  said.  "This  is  valuable  be- 
cause it  is  not  feasible  to  do  this  with  moon  craters.  On  the  moon's 


112   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


View  of  Lonar  crater  at  Bulana,  Maharashtra,  India,  where  a  meteorite  ex- 
ploded. Dr.  Kurt  Fredriksson  of  the  Museum  staff  is  completing  a  decade  of 
studies  of  this  crater,  which  is  the  only  major  meteorite  crater  on  earth  that 
is  directly  comparable  to  lunar  impact  craters. 


surface  we  are  left  with  a  record  of  a  period  of  intense  meteoritic 
activity  that  took  place  during  the  formation  of  the  solar  system  4 
to  4.5  billion  years  ago.  During  this  time  when  one  crater  was 
formed,  additional  meteorites  would  hit  directly  on  top  of  it,  mixing 
and  agglomerating  the  debris,  and  in  doing  so  creating  a  very 
complex  and  confusing  history.  This  continuing  bombardment, 
which  now  takes  place  at  a  much  lower  rate,  formed  the  moon's 
characteristic  breccia  rocks  (breccia  rock  consists  of  mixed  frag- 
ments embedded  in  a  fine-grained  matrix). 

"Indeed,  for  hundreds  of  millions  of  years  such  impacts  may 
have  been  the  dominant  geological  process  on  the  earth,  moon,  and 
other  bodies  of  the  solar  system.  In  order  to  appreciate  the  magni- 
tude of  the  forces  involved,  consider  the  fact  that  a  kilometer-sized 
meteoritic  body  traveling  at  20  kilometers  per  second  packs  an 
energy  perhaps  10  times  greater  than  the  energy  released  in  the 
explosion  of  volcanoes  during  each  year  on  earth." 

In  the  India  Geological  Survey's  investigation,  fifty-five  trenches 
one  to  three  meters  in  depth  were  excavated  in  the  main  crater  rim 
flank,  reaching  out  in  concentric  patterns  as  far  as  twice  the  dis- 
tance of  the  crater  radii.  No  volcanic  ejecta  was  found,  but  in  six 
trenches,  spherules  and  fragments  of  black  glassy  material  were 
found  that  are  characteristic  of  intensely  shocked  basalt. 

To  explore  the  main  crater,  six  holes  more  than  300  meters  deep 
were  bored  into  the  lake  bottom.  The  cores  that  were  brought  up 
had  100  meters  of  lake  sediment  that  contained  small  amounts  of 
impact   glass   and   shocked   rock   fragments.    Below    the    sediment 


Science  I  113 


strata,  the  drilling  returned  cores  of  coarse  breccia,  either  unshocked 
or  slightly  shocked.  Beneath  this  layer  of  coarse  breccia,  all  drilling 
encountered  a  layer  composed  of  unconsolidated  to  extremely 
friable  microbreccia. 

Dr.  Fredriksson  and  his  colleagues  from  the  Department  of 
Mineral  Sciences,  Joseph  A.  Nelen  and  Dr.  Robert  F.  Fudali,  and 
Dr.  Daniel  Milton  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  working 
in  collaboration  with  Ananda  Dube  of  the  Division  of  Petrology  of 
the  India  Geological  Survey,  analyzed  the  constitution  of  Lonar 
basalts,  breccias,  and  glass  ejecta,  with  an  electron  microprobe  and 
compared  them  with  stony  meteorites  and  lunar  materials.  This 
work  was  supported  mainly  by  the  Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency 
Program  and  the  Smithsonian  Research  Foundation. 

The  analysis  showed  close  structural  and  textural  similarities 
among  meteorites,  Lonar,  and  lunar  material.  These  data,  combined 
with  the  mapping  of  the  crater  stratigraphy  and  impact  fall-out, 
are  expected  to  aid  in  the  interpretation  of  questions  about  the 
source  and  depth  at  which  lunar  ejecta  originated;  how  unfirm  and 
how  extensive  this  ejecta  blanket  is,  and  what  role  secondary 
cratering  plays  in  the  shaping  of  the  moon's  surface. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY 

Dr.  Beryl  B.  Simpson  is  completing  work  on  an  International  Bio- 
logical Program  (ibp)  comparative  ecosystem  study  examining  the 
generally  held  theory  that  similar  communities  can  evolve  in  two 
widely  separated  areas  with  comparable  rainfall,  temperature,  soil, 
and  other  conditions. 

One  theory  holds  that  a  high  level  of  evolutionary  convergence 
of  form  and  process  occurs  in  similar  environments,  and  ibp  sup- 
ported several  programs  that  tried  to  produce  ecosystem  models  on 
this  assumption.  But  Dr.  Simpson  and  her  collaborators  decided  to 
test  the  theory  of  community  convergence  before  accepting  it  as  a 
basis  for  construction  of  models  that  would  influence  important 
policies  of  land  use,  management,  and  conservation. 

Because  a  comparison  of  complex  ecosystems  would  be  an  over- 
whelming task,  they  chose  to  study  two  relatively  simple  pairs  of 
desert  scrub  ecosystems  with  very  similar  climates  and  geological 
histories.  One  of  these  comparisons  was  between  the  Sonoran 
Desert  near  Tucson,  Arizona,  and  the  Monte  Desert,  near  Andalaga, 

114   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Above,  left.  Representative  plants  of 
the  Sonoran  Desert  near  Tucson, 
Arizona.  Below,  left.  Representative 
plants  of  the  Monte  Desert  of 
northern  Argentina.  (Drawings  by 
Alice  Tangerini)  Above,  right.  Dr. 
Beryl  B.  Simpson  of  the  Museum  staff 
examines  a  plant  specimen  on  the 
Sonoran  Desert  in  connection  with 
a  comparative  ecosystem  study. 


Science  I  115 


Argentina.  At  these  sites,  Dr.  Simpson  investigated  the  similarity  of 
plant-pollinator  relationships  and  the  breeding  systems  of  the  domi- 
nant perennial  plants. 

The  thirteen  dominant  plant  species  were  singled  out  in  each  of 
the  desert  areas  (dominance  was  based  on  numbers  and  ground 
coverage).  Dr.  Simpson  then  set  out  to  determine  how  the  polli- 
nators interact  with  the  plants;  how  much  energy  these  plants 
apportion  to  nectar  and  flower  production  in  order  to  attract  pol- 
linators; and  how  many  pollinators  are  supported  by  the  plant 
community.  To  this  end  she  collected  data  on  floral  structure  and 
odor,  blooming  schedules,  amounts  of  flower  and  nectar  production, 
sugar  concentrations  of  the  nectar,  amounts  of  pollen  produced, 
and  daily  cycles  of  both  nectar  and  pollen  presentation. 

The  determination  of  which  insects  visited  the  flowers  was  made 
in  the  study  of  a  collaborating  entomologist.  Solitary  bees  are  by 
far  the  most  important  desert  scrub  pollinator.  Several  hundred 
species  were  collected  during  the  project,  with  more  at  the  North 
American  site  turning  out  to  be  specialized  than  at  the  South 
American  site. 

Dr.  Simpson  observed  that  plants  in  North  and  South  America 
depend  on  different  major  pollen  carriers,  invest  different  amounts 
of  energy  in  flower  production,  and  supply  different  amounts  of 
nectar  and  pollen  to  potential  animal  pollinators. 

An  interesting  difference  between  the  two  ecosystems  is  their 
blooming  patterns.  This  difference  appears  to  be  the  result  of  the 
way  in  which  rainfall  is  dispersed  during  the  year.  The  total  amount 
of  rain  received  at  both  sites  appears  to  be  about  the  same,  but  at 
the  Monte  Desert  site  rain  falls  only  in  the  summer,  whereas  at  the 
Sonoran  Desert  site  rain  falls  at  the  end  of  the  summer  and  toward 
the  end  of  the  winter.  As  a  consequence,  in  Argentina  the  dominant 
plants  bloom  patchily  for  a  long  period  during  the  summer,  as 
opposed  to  Arizona,  where  the  blooming  is  relatively  synchronous 
during  short  blooming  times  in  the  spring  and  late  summer. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PALEOBIOLOGY 

Mollusks  migrated  into  the  Atlantic  and  Caribbean  at  the  time 
these  basins  opened  through  seafloor  spreading  150  million  years 
ago.  The  evolutionary  history  of  these  animals  over  the  next  90 
million  years  is  the  focus  of  a  study  by  Dr.  Erie  G.  Kauffman. 

116  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Analyzing  thousands  of  specimens  collected  in  widely  scattered 
field  areas  and  housed  in  the  nmnh's  collections,  he  has  been  able  to 
document  the  evolutionary  response  or  patterns  of  these  ecologically 
sensitive  organisms  to  major  fluctuations  in  the  global  environment. 

By  integrating  his  data  with  radiometric  age  determinations  from 
volcanic  ash  falls  preserved  in  sediments  of  these  ocean  basins,  Dr. 
Kauffman  can  also  measure  variations  on  rates  of  evolutionary 
change.  As  expected,  patterns  and  rates  of  evolution  were  found  to 
vary  widely  between  different  types  of  organisms.  Predictable  vari- 
ances also  showed  up  in  single  evolving  lineages  subjected  to  major 
changes  in  the  Earth's  environment. 

But  many  unexpected  evolutionary  phenomena  also  emerged 
from  these  studies:  nearly  simultaneous,  basically  catastrophic  ex- 
tinctions among  diverse  groups  of  organisms;  periods  of  very  rapid 
radiation  of  new  forms;  and  remarkably  fast  evolutionary  rates,  at 
times  producing  a  new  species  every  80,000  years  within  a  single 
lineage.  Dr.  Kauffman  believes  these  evolutionary  changes  are 
related  to  geologically  cataclysmic  events  brought  about  by  plate 
tectonics,  seafloor  spreading,  and  continental  drift,  and  he  suggests 
that  this  relationship  clearly  alters  the  concepts  of  evolution. 

According  to  Dr.  Kauffman:  "Strict  Darwinism  holds  that  evolu- 
tion takes  place  slowly,  through  small  changes  over  long  periods  of 
time,  on  a  globe  that  was  structurally  and  environmentally  stable 
through  time.  It  gives  no  mechanism  for  explaining  periods  of  rapid 
evolution  and  massive  extinction.  But  now  we  work  with  a  different 
model  of  the  Earth's  crust  and  are  beginning  to  realize  that  plate 
tectonic  movements  provide  logical  mechanisms  for  biological 
'explosions'  and  'catastrophes'  that  we  see  reflected  in  the  history 
of  fossil  organisms. 

"The  movement  of  crustal  plates  across  the  Earth's  surface  and 
the  resultant  building  and/or  collapse  of  oceanic  ridges  and  uplifts 
over  the  90-million-year  period  I  am  studying,  caused  major  fluctua- 
tions in  the  sea  level  and  accompanying  climatic  changes  which 
were  the  principal  controlling  environmental  forces  on  the  rates  and 
patterns  of  evolution  in  marine  mollusks." 

Essentially,  the  history  Dr.  Kauffman  has  documented  follows 
this  pattern:  global  rise  of  sea  level  took  place  during  times  of 
rapid  plate  movements  and  oceanic  ridge  building,  flooding  much  of 
the  low  continental  areas  of  the  world  with  shallow  continental  seas 


Science  I  117 


National  Museum  of  Natural 
History's  Dr.  Erie  G.  Kauffman 
examines  one  of  the  mollusks 
that  he  has  collected  for  his 
studies  of  the  past  changes  in 
the  global  environment.  (Photo 
credit:  Kjell  Sandved) 


and  creating  vast  new  spaces  and  environments  that  were  ideal 
for  the  habitation,  spread,  and  diversification  of  marine  organisms. 
For  mollusks,  evolution  proceeded  at  a  relatively  slow  but  increas- 
ing rate  during  these  periods;  life  conditions  were  optimal  and 
environmental  stresses  were  low.  Dr.  Kauffman  has  found  evolu- 
tionary rates  during  these  times  that  averaged  only  one  new  species 
every  half  million  years  within  many  lineages. 

The  slowing  and  temporary  cessation  of  plate  movements  resulted 
in  ultimate  collapse  of  oceanic  uplifts  and  ridges  like  the  present 
mid-Atlantic  Ridge,  caused  global  lowering  of  sea  level,  environ- 
mental decline,  restriction  of  space  and  resources,  and  ultimate 
elimination  of  many  prime  marine  environments  for  mollusks.  As 
a  result,  strong  competition  for  food  and  space  coupled  with  high 
environmental  stress  caused  extinction  of  many  mollusks  and  ac- 
celeration of  evolutionary  rates  of  others. 

The  maximum  evolutionary  rates  recorded  within  molluscan 
lineages  during  these  high-stress  periods  were  approximately  one 
species  per  80,000  years — the  most  rapid  rate  ever  documented  for 
marine  organisms.  The  more  abrupt  the  plate  tectonic  event  and 
resultant  environmental  events,  the  more  dramatic  the  evolutionary 
rates  and  extinctions  associated  with  them.  Superimposed  upon 
these  patterns  is  a  complex  ecological  response.  Specialized  and 
normally  exposed  (swimming,  surface-dwelling)  marine  organisms 
show  the  earliest  and/or  most  rapid  evolutionary  response  to  en- 


118  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


vironmental  stress;  generalized  or  protected  (buried)  marine  orga- 
nisms, as  well  as  those  of  brackish-to-fresh  water  and  the  intertidal 
zone,  show  the  lowest  level  of  evolutionary  response. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  VERTEBRATE  ZOOLOGY 

Ornithological  research  at  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History 
during  1975-1976  included  publication  of  Birds  of  the  Antarctic  and 
Sub-Antarctic  (American  Geophysical  Union),  by  Dr.  George  Wat- 
son, the  first  comprehensive  field  identification  guide  to  penguins, 
petrels,  and  other  resident  and  vagrant  birds  of  these  areas.  It  is 
illustrated  with  color  plates  and  black-and-white  drawings  by  Bob 
Hines  of  the  United  States  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service.  Sixty-seven 
birds  are  described  in  detail,  with  information  on  reproduction, 
molting,  flight,  habits,  voice,  display,  food,  predation,  ectoparasites, 
habitat,  and  distribution.  Numerous  vagrants  are  covered  in  less 
detail.  There  is  also  an  introduction  to  the  Antarctic  environment 
and  directions  on  how  to  observe  seabirds.  The  book  is  the  culmi- 
nation of  a  project  that  began  in  1963  when  the  National  Science 
Foundation  approached  the  Smithsonian  Institution  about  the 
possibility  of  producing  such  a  guide.  Dr.  Watson  made  three  col- 
lection trips  into  the  Subantarctic  and  Antarctic  areas.,  surveyed  all 
of  the  literature  (dating  back  to  Captain  Cook)  on  the  birds  of  the 
area,  and  examined  specimens  in  major  museum  collections,  includ- 
ing those  at  the  Smithsonian  gathered  by  the  United  States  Explor- 
ing Expedition  of  1838-1842  and  Admiral  Richard  Byrd's  United 
States  Antarctic  Service  Expeditions  of  the  1930s  and  1940s.  One 
of  the  author's  aims  is  to  standardize  the  nomenclature  for  birds  of 
that  region,  as  well  as  suggest  areas  where  further  research  is 
needed.  He  believes  that  his  book  would  also  benefit  tourists  who 
are  now  regularly  traveling  to  Antarctica  and  previously  had  no 
really  helpful  guide  to  the  birds  of  that  area. 

Dr.  Richard  Zusi  continued  his  studies  of  the  evolution  of  bark 
climbing  in  the  tropical  family  Dendrocolaptidae.  Members  of  this 
family,  such  as  the  Buff-throated  Woodcreeper  (not  related  to 
woodpeckers),  feed  along  trunks  and  limbs,  lifting  mosses,  poking 
into  holes,  and  digging  into  cracks  of  the  bark  with  their  beaks. 
They  support  themselves  with  feet  that  are  adapted  for  clinging  and 
a  spine-tipped  tail  that  bends  under  their  weight. 

Dr.  Paul  Slud  has  been  working  in  Central  America,  as  well  as 

Science  I   119 


in  other  New  World  Tropic  areas,  on  a  project  that  correlates 
ecological  background  with  bird  census  observations.  His  analysis 
of  this  information,  published  as  Geographic  and  Climatic  Relation- 
ships of  Avifaunas  with  Special  Reference  to  Comparative  Distribu- 
tion in  the  Neotropics  (Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  No. 
212)  establishes  links  between  the  comparative  distribution  of  birds 
and  prevailing  environmental  and  climatic  conditions. 

Dr.  Storrs  Olson  edited  the  Collected  Papers  in  Avian  Paleontol- 
ogy Honoring  the  90th  Birthday  of  Alexander  Wetmore,  eighteen 
papers  by  prominent  avian  paleontologists.  Dr.  Wetmore's  career 
at  the  Smithsonian  spans  more  than  half  a  century.  Dr.  Olson  also 
made  trips  to  Ilha  da  Trinidade  (off  the  coast  of  Brazil),  Hawaii,  and 
Japan,  collecting  many  specimens  of  fossil  and  recent  birds  for  his 
studies  of  island  paleofaunas  and  evolution  of  seabirds. 


Dr.  Richard  Zusi  (left)  takes  motion  pictures  of  Woodcreepers  in  a  Venezuelan 
cloud  forest  as  his  colleague,  Dr.  Paul  Schwartz,  lures  the  birds  within  range 
by  playing  their  songs. 


/  / 


National  Zoological  Park 

Out  of  the  construction  chaos  of  the  past  years,  the  National  Zoo- 
logical Park's  Master  Plan  now  begins  to  be  seen  in  reality.  The 
"William  M.  Mann  Memorial  Lion-Tiger  Exhibit"  was  completed 
and  officially  dedicated  on  May  25,  1976;  the  outdoor  waterfowl 
ponds  and  the  crane  yards  around  the  Bird  House  Plaza  opened 
in  July;  and  the  enlargement  of  the  Elephant  House  yards  for  the 
African  and  Indian  elephants,  Indian  rhinoceroses,  and  Nile 
hippopotamuses  were  finished  in  the  late  fall  of  1975. 

Renovation  started  on  the  interiors  of  the  Elephant  House  and 
Bird  House.  Construction  began  on  new  bear  dens,  and  on  the  mas- 
sive job  of  digging  out  the  hillside  along  Rock  Creek  for  the 
General  Services  Building. 

Research  and  scientific  projects  grew  steadily,  and  the  amount  of 
grant  money  the  Zoo  received  likewise  increased.  Grants  to  Zoo 
personnel  came  from  the  National  Institutes  of  Health,  the  World 
Wildlife  Fund,  the  Wildlife  Preservation  Trust  International 
(formerly  safe  International),  the  Noble  Foundation,  and  the  Na- 
tional Geographic  Society,  as  well  as  from  the  Smithsonian's 
Research  Foundation  and  Fluid  Research  Fund.  These  grants  sup- 
ported such  diverse  projects  as  the  evaluation  of  anesthesia  and 
restraint  of  exotic  species  by  monitoring  blood  gases  and  blood  pH, 
and  the  study  of  social  communication  in  three  South  American 
canids. 

The  Zoo  began  work-study  programs  with  the  Washington  Tech- 
nical Institute,  the  University  of  Maryland,  and  Cornell  University. 
These  programs  enable  students  to  become  familiar  with  zoo  work 
and  to  plan  appropriate  study  for  zoo  careers.  Participating  offices 
include  Animal  Management,  Animal  Health,  Zoological  Research, 
Graphics  and  Exhibits,  and  Police  and  Safety. 

Predoctoral  and  postdoctoral  training  has  expanded  also.  The 
veterinary  internship  program,  which  began  in  1974,  fulfills  our 
national  purpose  by  helping  other  zoos  improve  their  veterinary 
staffs.  The  predoctoral  programs  in  the  Offices  of  Animal  Health 
and  Zoological  Research  are  yielding  productive  results. 

The  Friends  of  the  National  Zoo  (fonz)  expanded  their  operations 
this  past  year  by  taking  charge  of  the  food  concessions;  money  from 
these  concessions  goes  into  Zoo  educational  programs,  such  as  the 


Science  I  121 


m  K 


Newly  constructed  quarters  for  the  National  Zoological  Park's  white  tigers — 
a  part  of  the  "William  M.  Mann  Memorial  Lion-Tiger  Exhibit."  Below.  Ranjit, 
male  white  tiger,  and  Bharat,  female  white  tiger,  are  apparently  quite  content 
in  their  new  home. 


%m£m 


YL1  I  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


puppet  shows  designed  and  produced  by  the  Bob  Brown  Marionettes 
which  were  performed  during  July  and  August  1976.  A  char- 
acter named  Zoodle,  the  star  of  each  show,  cautioned  his  audience 
against  littering  as  well  as  against  feeding  and  harassing  the 
animals. 

The  Zoo's  new  glockenspiel  is  the  imaginative  gift  of  the  late 
Dr.  Ivy  A.  Pelzman  of  Washington,  D.C.  Its  thirty-six  bells,  in 
three  octaves,  were  cast  in  The  Netherlands,  and  the  tunes  may 
be  played  either  manually  or  electronically.  Just  below  the  clock  a 
fiberglass  lion,  bear,  elephant,  and  giraffe  move  when  the  hour 
strikes. 

OFFICE  OF  ANIMAL  MANAGEMENT 

Major  changes  are  going  on  in  the  hardy  hoofstock  area.  Several 
years  ago  Zoo  staff  determined  this  area  was  being  destroyed  by 
the  large  hoofed  mammals.  At  first  some  of  the  cages  were  deco- 
rated with  plants  to  conceal  erosion,  buildings,  and  fences.  This, 
however,  was  not  successful  with  animals  as  large  as  the  greater 
kudus  and  Cape  buffaloes  which  trampled  pens  and  hillsides.  Thus, 
during  the  past  year,  the  kudus  and  Cape  buffaloes  were  shipped 
out  to  other  zoos;  in  their  cages  now  are  dama  gazelles  and  bles- 
boks.  In  adjoining  cages  are  red  brockets  from  Mexico  and  munt- 
jacs  from  the  Far  East  showing  New  World  and  Old  World  cervids 
side  by  side.  As  the  smaller  species  allow  the  plants  to  take  hold  in 
these  enclosures,  there  has  been  a  dramatic  change:  the  animals 
together  with  the  greenery  have  become  the  focus  of  the  exhibit. 

Guy  Greenwell  moved  to  Front  Royal  to  develop  the  bird  incu- 
bation program  for  the  Zoo.  Emphasis  is  on  birds  which  have  previ- 
ously bred  well  at  the  Zoo,  including  roulrouls,  Bali  mynahs,  vul- 
turine  guineafowl,  and  Hawaiian  geese.  Eggs  laid  at  the  Zoo  will  be 
sent  to  Front  Royal  where  they  will  be  hatched  and  the  young 
raised  and  returned  or  placed  in  other  zoos.  The  unit's  incubation 
program  was  so  successful  in  breeding  Hawaiian  geese  in  1975  (it 
raised  nineteen)  that  the  International  Wild  Waterfowl  Association 
presented  the  Zoo  with  its  Annual  Achievement  Award.  There 
appears  to  be  a  bumper  crop  of  this  endangered  bird  in  1976  also. 

The  new  "William  M.  Mann  Memorial  Lion-Tiger  Exhibit"  con- 
tains a  large  conference  room  and  offices  for  the  curatorial  staff,  a 


Science  I  Y12> 


small  theater  for  the  public,  and  indoor  and  outdoor  exhibit  areas 
for  the  big  cats.  The  keeper  staff  has  had  to  learn  to  operate  the 
new  mechanical  systems,  such  as  the  electronic  shift  doors  and  com- 
plex alarm  system.  Mohini,  the  eighteen-year-old  white  tigress, 
returned  from  Chicago,  along  with  her  three  white  "grand"  cubs 
from  Cincinnati.  The  Atlas  lions  arrived  from  Morocco  in  Septem- 
ber 1976,  as  part  of  a  long-term  breeding  project. 

One  of  this  year's  major  accomplishments  and  the  culmination 
of  a  three-year  project  was  the  birth  of  an  orangutan.  This  baby, 
the  offspring  of  two  animals  born  in  captivity  and  raised  by  their 
own  mothers,  was  the  first  second-generation  captive  birth  of  an 
orangutan  in  the  Western  Hemisphere,  and  possibly  only  the  second 
in  the  world.  Although  the  female  proved  to  be  a  good  mother,  the 
baby  died  later  of  a  bacterial  meningitis.  It  is  possible,  however, 
that  the  orangutan  captive-breeding  program  will  not  end  when  all 
the  animals  caught  in  the  wild  die — at  least  not  at  the  National  Zoo. 

OFFICE  OF  ANIMAL  HEALTH 

The  primary  function  of  the  Office  of  Animal  Health  is  to  provide 
the  best  available  health  care  for  the  animal  collection,  whether  at 
Rock  Creek  Park  or  at  Front  Royal,  Virginia.  The  delivery  of  veteri- 
nary care  to  the  Conservation  and  Research  Center  is  more  difficult 
than  in  the  Park  due  to  the  inability  to  watch  closely  and  handle 
the  herd  animals  in  their  large  enclosures. 

In  both  locations,  however,  the  ideal  approach  in  exotic  medicine 
is  preventive.  Yearly  tuberculosis  tests  and  physical  examinations 
are  conducted  on  all  primates,  and  yearly  vaccinations  and  physical 
examinations  are  undergone  by  the  carnivores,  including  the  cats, 
pandas,  and  canids.  The  quarantine  facility  of  the  hospital  prevents 
the  introduction  of  any  infectious  agent  into  the  existing  collection. 
All  animals  are  monitored  by  routine  fecal  examinations  and  appro- 
priate therapy  is  administered  when  parasites  are  found. 

OFFICE  OF  PATHOLOGY 

The  Office  of  Pathology's  primary  functions  are  diagnostic  medi- 
cine, teaching,  and  research.  The  diagnostic  aspect  is  its  paramount 
mission.  Routine  blood  tests,  urinalysis,  cultures,  parasite  examina- 
tions, and  a  variety  of  other  diagnostic  tests  are  performed  in  the 


124   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Office's  laboratories.  All  animals  that  die  undergo  autopsies  and 
are  completely  examined  grossly  and  histopathologically  to  gain 
insight  into  the  various  causes  of  death. 

In  the  spring  of  1976  an  outbreak  of  versiniosis,  a  bacterial  dis- 
ease caused  by  Versinia  pseudotuberculosis,  took  the  lives  of  three 
of  the  Zoo's  blesboks.  Through  the  diagnostic  capabilities  of  the 
Zoo  laboratories,  the  cause  of  the  disease  in  the  hoofstock  was  iso- 
lated. A  vaccine  was  developed  from  the  isolated  bacterial  organ- 
isms, and  an  all-out  effort  was  made  to  exterminate  the  carrier  ver- 
min, which  had  brought  the  disease  into  the  yards. 

The  Office  began  a  new  system  of  record  keeping  by  streamlining 
the  flow  of  information  concerned  with  pathologic  diagnoses.  An 
ibm  data-retrieval  system  is  used;  it  can  integrate  previous  material 
generated  in  this  Office.  A  similar  retrieval  system  is  used  for  the 
color-slide  collection,  which  currently  contains  over  3,000  slides  of 
pathologic  and  clinical  conditions  of  zoo  animals. 

OFFICE  OF  ZOOLOGICAL  RESEARCH 

During  the  past  fifteen  months,  the  Office  of  Zoological  Research 
not  only  continued  previous  programs  and  studies  but  added  some 
new  ones. 

The  Venezuelan  field  project  in  vertebrate  behavior  and  ecology, 
coordinated  by  Dr.  John  Eisenberg,  assembled  valuable  data 
concerning  distribution,  abundance,  reproduction,  and  natural  his- 
tory of  selected  species  of  marsupials,  rodents,  primates,  reptiles, 
and  birds.  The  studies  were  conducted  by  Dr.  Eisenberg,  National 
Zoo  staff,  and  students  in  two  quite  different  regions:  the  montane 
rainforest  of  Guatopo  National  Park  and  the  seasonally  inundated 
llanos  on  the  ranch  of  Sr.  Tomas  Blohm. 

In  June  1976,  Dr.  Eugene  Morton  began  to  reintroduce  on  Barro 
Colorado  Island  several  avian  species  which  had  become  locally 
extinct.  Seven  song  wrens  and  seven  white-breasted  wood  wrens, 
trapped  on  the  mainland,  were  transported  to  Barro  Colorado, 
marked  with  bands,  and  released.  Preliminary  indications  suggest 
that  some  of  the  reintroduced  birds  have  established  themselves  on 
the  island.  The  problem  of  local  extinction  in  a  biological  preserve 
the  size  of  Barro  Colorado  is  of  great  theoretical  interest  since 
populations  in  small  areas  may  be  of  extremely  small  size,  and  un- 


Science  I   125 


predictable  environmental  events,  over  which  man  has  no  control, 
may  cause  local  extinction. 

The  studies  of  South  American  canid  social  behavior  and  com- 
munication, conducted  by  Dr.  Devra  Kleiman  at  the  Conservation 
and  Research  Center,  were  highlighted  by  the  birth  of  two  litters  of 
crab-eating  foxes.  Both  were  reared  by  the  mothers,  and  detailed 
observations  of  development  were  recorded  for  the  second  litter. 
At  the  same  time,  a  maned  wolf  was  born  which  did  not  survive. 
The  female  bush  dog  was  artificially  inseminated  but  the  attempt 
failed,  and  a  proven  breeding  male  was  sent  on  breeding  loan 
from  Los  Angeles. 

The  Zoo  was  saddened  in  October  1975,  by  the  untimely  death 
of  Dr.  Helmut  Buechner.  His  energy  and  enthusiasm  successfully 
launched  several  projects  dealing  with  the  propagation  of  ungulates 
at  the  Zoo.  He  will  be  sorely  missed. 

CONSERVATION  AND  RESEARCH  CENTER, 
FRONT  ROYAL,  VIRGINIA 

In  the  past  fifteen  months  since  the  Smithsonian  was  given  full  title 
to  the  Front  Royal,  Virginia,  property,  the  Conservation  and  Re- 
search Center  as  a  resource  for  research  has  grown.  Dr.  Eugene 
Morton  of  the  Office  of  Zoological  Research  began  two  projects: 
the  first  concerns  the  nesting  habits  and  population  dynamics  of 
the  eastern  bluebird;  the  second  studies  the  movements  and  social 
organization  of  the  turkey  vulture  using  radiotelemetry.  Dr.  Dale 
Madison  of  McGill  University  in  Montreal  carried  out  a  summer 
investigation  in  1975  of  the  social  use  of  space  by  two  species  of 
mice,  the  meadow  mouse  and  the  white-footed  mouse.  Dr.  Christen 
Wemmer  and  Larry  Collins  began  a  three-year  study  of  the  social 
structure  and  behavior  of  the  Pere  David's  deer;  and  in  the  summer 
of  1976  Kerry  Malson  initiated  a  one-year  study  of  nutrition  and 
pasture-carrying  capacity,  also  on  the  Pere  David's  deer. 

During  the  winter  and  spring,  a  muntjac  facility  was  completed. 
It  consists  of  seven  paddocks  covering  about  5  acres,  with  a  central 
observation  tower.  The  yards  have  been  planted  in  dogwood  and 
the  plant  growth  will  be  allowed  to  proceed  naturally  to  provide 
adequate  cover  for  the  animals.  The  tower  will  allow  keepers 
and  researchers  to  observe  the  animals  without  disturbing  them. 

The  granary  built  in  1916  is  being  renovated  as  a  commissary. 

126  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


One  wing  will  be  a  rodent-breeding  area,  and  the  other  will  include 
walk-in  cooler  and  freezer,  meat  saw  and  grinder,  butcher  table, 
food  mixer,  can  washer,  tables,  and  counter  space.  There  will  also 
be  an  office,  locker  rooms,  and  a  drive-through  section  for  loading 
trucks  in  cold  weather. 

The  first  residents  of  the  Center  in  1974  were  one  male  and  two 
female  scimitar-horned  oryx.  Today  the  herd  numbers  nine,  all 
of  which  were  born  in  captivity,  and  eight  either  at  the  Rock  Creek 
facility  or  the  Conservation  Center.  There  were  two  births  this 
spring  and  one  last  December  which  was  hand-reared.  Other 
births  this  year  include  seven  crab-eating  foxes,  two  zebra,  and 
two  Pere  David's  deer. 

Cooperative  agreements  with  other  zoos  have  made  the  Center's 
present  large  breeding  groups  possible.  The  Bactrian  camel  herd  is 
jointly  owned  by  the  National  Zoo  and  the  Minnesota  State 
Zoological  Gardens,  while  the  New  York  Zoological  Society  pro- 
vided over  one-third  of  the  Pere  David's  deer.  The  onager  herd  was 
established  solely  through  the  contributions  of  the  zoos  in  Balti- 
more, Los  Angeles,  and  San  Diego.  The  Lincoln  Park  Zoo  sent 
three  male  muntjacs  to  help  establish  breeding  groups  for  this 
species  of  nonrelated  animals. 

OFFICE  OF  EDUCATION-INFORMATION 

The  audience  of  the  National  Zoological  Park  is  large  and  varied. 
According  to  a  visitor  survey  completed  in  1976,  visitors  to  the 
National  Zoo  have  above-average  education  levels  and  above- 
average  annual  family  incomes;  they  are  predominantly  white  and 
non-Spanish-speaking,  and  visit  the  Zoo  as  a  family  experience; 
they  also  visit  other  zoos  and  natural  history  museums,  and  have  a 
high  interest  in  other  cultural  institutions.  The  Zoo  seeks  to  pro- 
vide a  well-balanced  offering  of  exhibits,  programs,  and  materials 
for  this  audience. 

Working  as  a  team  with  the  Office  of  Animal  Management  and 
the  Office  of  Graphics  and  Exhibits,  numerous  interpretive  projects 
were  completed.  Labels  received  first  priority.  Each  label  has  two 
parts:  a  standard  identification  label  containing  basic  species  infor- 
mation, and  a  visual  key  which  consists  of  a  statement  about  an 
aspect  of  biology  relating  to  the  animal  exhibit  with  a  photo  or 
drawing  to  highlight  that  statement.  By  spring  1976  all  labels  also 

Science  I  127 


had  been  rewritten  in  a  two-langauge  format,  English  and  Spanish. 

More  complex  exhibits  were  completed  for  the  three  outdoor 
alcoves  in  the  new  "William  M.  Mann  Memorial  Lion-Tiger 
Exhibit."  A  photo-collage  and  written  text  in  each  alcove  deal  with 
a  single  theme — habitat,  predator-prey  relationships,  and  social 
behavior.  In  addition,  two  films  were  produced  for  showing  in  the 
small  theater  in  this  exhibit.  Tiger  is  a  live-action  profile  of  that 
endangered  cat.  The  Big  Cats  and  How  They  Came  To  Be  is  the 
history  of  cat  evolution,  and  was  animated  by  Film  Polski,  Warsaw, 
Poland,  through  a  grant  from  the  Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency 
Program. 

For  the  first  time  in  many  years,  the  Zoo  will  have  a  written 
guide:  ZOOBOOK.  This  pictorial  essay,  written  by  this  Office  and 
photographed  by  Jan  Skrentny,  tells  the  story  of  the  Zoo's  animals 
and  of  the  people  and  programs  that  revolve  around  them. 
ZOOBOOK  will  be  published  in  the  late  fall  of  1976. 

In  addition  to  its  ongoing  dealings  with  the  press,  the  information 
service  added  two  innovations.  Tiger  Talk,  the  employees  news- 
letter, was  redesigned  and  is  published  weekly.  A  second  develop- 
ment was  the  three-month  trial  photo-caption  story,  mailed  to  150 
selected  newspapers.  This  was  well  received  and  plans  are  under- 
way to  continue  this  service  in  1977. 

The  use  of  the  Zoo's  library  increased  considerably  in  the  past 
year,  and  a  library  technician  was  hired  to  provide  more  assistance 
to  users.  The  generous  gift  of  Dr.  Helmut  Buechner's  journal  col- 
lection filled  many  gaps  in  journal  holdings  and  over  200  volumes 
were  bound.  Also  this  past  year  a  good  portion  of  library  funds 
was  used  to  develop  the  book  and  journal  collection  at  the  Con- 
servation and  Research  Center  in  Front  Royal,  Virginia. 

OFFICE  OF  GRAPHICS  AND  EXHIBITS 

With  the  Office  of  Education-Information,  a  new  format  for  animal 
identification  labels  was  designed  to  present  information  in  the 
most  effective  manner.  The  labels  are  designed  so  they  can  be  read 
easily  at  various  distances,  are  legible  at  low  light  levels,  are 
easily  produced,  and  are  flexible.  The  first  labels  in  the  Reptile 
House  in  1974  revealed  some  problems  and  additional  changes  were 
made.  Complete  labeling  of  the  Park,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Bird  House,  was  finished  in  September  1976. 

128  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


A  child  studies  the  National 
Zoological  Park's  brochure  show- 
ing the  various  pictograms  which 
will  direct  visitors  to  areas  of 
interest. 


The  Zoo  is  attempting  to  provide  an  organized  approach  by  which 
visitors  may  find  their  way  around  the  grounds.  Graphic  totems,  12 
to  18  feet  high,  using  the  new  animal  pictographs,  will  be  located 
along  the  center  road  known  as  Olmsted  Walk.  These  totems  mark 
the  beginning  and  end  of  six  trails  that  pass  the  animal  exhibits. 
Each  trail  covers  a  specific  group  of  animals,  such  as  birds  or  hoof- 
stock,  and  is  named  for  a  conspicuous  animal  found  on  that  trail, 
such  as  the  crowned  crane  or  zebra.  The  pictograph  representing 
that  animal  will  be  in  the  largest  space  on  the  totem.  The  first  totem 
was  installed  at  the  waterfowl  ponds  in  early  August  1976.  The 
remaining  ten  will  be  in  place  by  October.  These  six  separate  trails 
allow  the  visitor  to  cover  the  entire  Zoo  or  just  one  area.  The  totems 
also  include  such  information  as  the  length  of  each  walk  and  the 
approximate  time  needed  to  complete  it. 

OFFICE  OF  POLICE  AND  SAFETY 

During  the  past  year  the  Office  of  Police  and  Safety  has  also  under- 
gone changes — keeping  pace  with  the  rest  of  the  Zoo's  activities, 
while  continuing  its  emphasis  on  service  and  public  relations. 

In-service  training  for  officers  was  expanded  to  include  on-the- 
job  training  for  less  experienced  recruits,  and  has  resulted  in  an 


Science  I  129 


increase  in  applications  from  minority  groups.  In  addition,  the 
summer  work-study  program  with  the  Washington  Technical  Insti- 
tute has  turned  out  very  well.  Students  in  the  law  enforcement- 
criminal  justice  programs  were  hired  as  police  aides  and  used  in 
nonenforcement  aspects  of  the  police  and  safety  program,  such  as 
internal  traffic  and  pedestrian  control,  and  communications  and 
office  work  at  the  police  station. 

OFFICE  OF  CONSTRUCTION  MANAGEMENT 

A  major  effort  was  made  to  prepare  the  Rock  Creek  Park  facility 
for  the  Bicentennial  summer,  and  a  number  of  related  projects  were 
begun  in  addition  to  the  ongoing  Master  Plan  construction.  They 
included  renovating  the  roadway  leading  to  the  Monkey  House  and 
constructing  a  visitor  sidewalk;  building  a  visitor  pavilion  on  the 
site  of  the  old  Puma  House;  and  completely  renovating  the  Mane 
Restaurant  and  the  Panda  Cafe. 

Three  major  areas  of  construction  under  the  Master  Plan  are  the 
Education-Administration  Building,  the  bear  dens,  and  the  General 
Services  Building.  In  July  1975,  construction  began  on  the  Educa- 
tion-Administration Building  near  the  Connecticut  Avenue  entrance. 
When  completed  in  December  1976,  the  building  will  include  space 
for  the  library,  the  administrative  staffs  of  the  Zoo,  and  the  Friends 
of  the  National  Zoo,  plus  three  classrooms  and  a  300-seat  audi- 
torium. 

Construction  started  on  bear  exhibits  in  February  1976  involves 
two  areas:  one  for  polar  bears,  with  three  amphitheaters  and  under- 
water viewing,  and  the  other  for  grizzley  bears  and  a  smaller 
bear,  possibly  the  sun  bear.  Completion  is  scheduled  for  January 
1977. 

Work  on  the  General  Services  Building  began  in  January  1976. 
When  the  building  opens  in  August  1977,  all  of  the  Zoo's  mainte- 
nance facilities  will  be  moved  into  it,  thereby  freeing  a  number  of 
areas  around  the  Park  for  other  uses.  Included  in  this  building  will 
be  additional  parking  spaces.  This  is  the  largest  project  under  the 
Master  Plan;  the  first  phase  is  contracted  at  approximately  six 
million  dollars.  The  second  phase,  four  parking  levels  providing 
spaces  for  1,000  cars,  is  subject  to  future  appropriation  by  Congress. 

By  the  summer  of  1976  all  Bicentennial  projects  were  complete, 
and  the  center  of  the  Park  was  opened  to  the  public. 

130  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


OFFICE  OF  FACILITIES  MANAGEMENT 
The  Office  of  Facilities  Management  is  primarily  responsible  for  the 
upkeep  of  all  buildings,  grounds,  and  related  mechanical  systems 
of  the  Zoo.  The  majority  of  the  work  consists  of  specific,  recurring 
duties  which  make  up  the  preventive  maintenance  programs.  This 
year,  however,  additional  responsibility  came  to  the  Office  owing  to 
progression  of  the  Master  Plan.  New  and  renovated  buildings  now 
have  multimechanical  systems — sophisticated,  expensive,  sensitive 
— which  must  be  incorporated  into  the  preventive  maintenance 
programs. 


Office  of  International  Programs 

The  Office  of  International  Programs  fosters  and  coordinates  the 
international  aspects  of  Smithsonian  programs  and  also  provides 
support  to  United  States  institutions  of  research  and  higher  learn- 
ing, including  the  Smithsonian,  through  Special  Foreign  Currency 
Program  grants.  Its  functions  are  carried  out  by  sections  designated 
as  the  Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency  Program  and  the  International 
Liaison  Section. 

SMITHSONIAN  FOREIGN  CURRENCY  PROGRAM 

The  Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency  Program  (sfcp)  awards  grants 
to  support  the  basic  research  interests  of  American  institutions,  in- 
cluding the  Smithsonian,  in  those  countries  where  the  United  States 
holds  blocked  currencies  derived  largely  from  past  sales  of  surplus 
agricultural  commodities  under  Public  Law  480.  The  Program  is 
active  in  countries  where  the  Treasury  Department  deems  United 
States  holdings  of  these  currencies  to  be  in  excess  of  normal  federal 
requirements,  including  at  present  India,  Pakistan,  Egypt,  Tunisia, 
and  Poland.  The  Smithsonian  has  received  a  fiscal  year  1977  ap- 
propriation of  $3.5  million  in  "excess"  currencies,  which  will  be 
used  to  support  projects  in  the  anthropological  sciences,  systematic 
and  environmental  biology,  astrophysics  and  earth  sciences,  and 
museum  professional  fields.  The  Smithsonian  received  a  fiscal  year 
1976  appropriation  of  $500,000  in  "excess"  currencies  that  was 
used  to  grant  support  to  over  sixty  projects  in  these  disciplines. 

Science  I  131 


Since  its  inception  in  fiscal  year  1966,  the  sfcp  has  awarded  approxi- 
mately $29  million  in  foreign  currency  grants  to  some  eighty-seven 
institutions  in  thirty-two  states  and  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Within  the  framework  of  the  Program,  the  Smithsonian  will  make 
a  third  contribution  of  $1  million  in  Egyptian  pounds  in  support  of 
Egypt's  efforts  to  save  the  submerged  temples  at  Philae  in  Nubia. 

INTERNATIONAL  LIAISON  SECTION 

The  International  Liaison  Section  (ils)  provides  liaison  and  assist- 
ance to  individuals  and  units  of  the  Smithsonian  in  dealing  with  the 
Department  of  State  and  with  foreign  governments.  It  handles 
international  matters  involving  travel  and  research  abroad,  and 
foreign  participation  in  domestic  programs  of  the  Smithsonian,  ils 
provides  passport  and  visa  services  for  Smithsonian  staff,  and  as- 
sists in  research  arrangements  for  foreign  visitors,  ils  worked 
closely  with  the  Division  of  Performing  Arts  in  arranging  Bicen- 
tennial-related participation  by  814  foreign  folk  artists  in  the  Festi- 
val of  American  Folklife,  and  some  150  other  foreigners  participating 
in  the  special  Bicentennial  activities  of  the  Institution. 


Radiation  Biology  Laboratory 

The  form  and  structure  of  growing  plant  cells  are  determined  by  the 
interaction  of  at  least  two  qualitatively  different  sets  of  signals.  One 
of  these  controlling  sets  of  signals  is  within  the  cell,  and  the  second 
is  external,  consisting  of  a  wide  range  of  environmental  factors  such 
as  light,  temperature,  and  availability  of  the  raw  materials  needed 
for  growth. 

The  internal  instructions  can  be  thought  of  as  coming  from  a 
complex  architectural  blueprint,  which  is  being  followed  by  the 
molecular  processes  of  the  cell.  This  genetic  blueprint,  however, 
has  a  number  of  alternative,  contingency  plans  that  are  read 
only  if  an  appropriate  signal  is  received  from  the  environment. 
As  the  organism  develops,  it  follows  a  basic  pattern,  so  the  species 
is  clearly  recognizable,  but  superimposed  on  this  basic  pattern  are 
many  possible  variations  of  development  in  space  and  time. 

132  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


One  of  the  most  important  and  dependable  external  signals 
is  sunlight.  The  Radiation  Biology  Laboratory  has  been  studying  the 
growth  and  development  of  organisms  for  nearly  fifty  years.  Cur- 
rently, the  Laboratory  is  emphasizing  three  basic  areas  of  research: 
(1)  the  molecular  nature  of  the  pathways  regulated  and  controlled 
by  light,  (2)  the  time  dependency  of  developmental  processes  upon 
periodic  changes  in  sunlight,  and  (3)  a  quantitative  description  of 
the  time  course  of  periodic  fluctuations  in  environmental  signals  that 
are  important  for  growth. 

A  familiar  example  of  the  control  of  development  by  light  is  the 
sprouting  of  a  potato.  In  the  dark,  the  shoot  produced  is  white 
and  the  leaves  are  small.  If  the  shoot  is  exposed  to  light,  the  leaves 
expand  and  develop  structures  within  the  cells,  called  chloroplasts, 
that  contain  the  membrane  and  pigments,  chlorophylls  (green)  and 
carotenoids  (yellow),  that  are  necessary  for  photosynthesis.  The 
formation  of  these  chloroplast  photosynthetic  membranes  and  the 
mechanism  by  which  proteins  are  added  to  the  membranes  during 
growth  are  being  studied  by  electron  microscopy  and  biochemistry. 

Experiments  have  not  yet  determined  whether  the  information  for 
controlling  the  synthesis  of  chloroplast  membranes  is  within  the 
chloroplast  itself  or  is  in  the  cytoplasm  of  the  cell.  The  molecular 
components  required  for  synthesizing  proteins  are  known  as 
polyribosomes.  Polyribosomes  occur  on  chloroplast  membranes. 
These  membrane-bound  polyribosomes  are  attached  to  the  mem- 
brane by  proteins,  since  they  can  be  released  by  mild  treatment  with 
the  enzyme  trypsin  that  breaks  down  protein.  The  released  poly- 
ribosomes probably  do  not  contain  remnants  of  membrane,  since 
they  can  be  degraded  by  another  enzyme,  ribonuclease.  The  ribo- 
nuclease  attacks  the  information-carrying  nucleic  acids  in  the  poly- 
ribosomes. In  contrast,  treatment  of  membranes  with  the  detergent 
"Nonidet"  releases  polyribosomes  that  appear  to  be  attached  to 
membrane  remnants  about  the  size  of  the  polyribosome  group. 
Another  detergent,  "Triton,"  solubilizes  much  of  the  membrane,  but 
leaves  the  polyribosomes  attached  to  much  larger  pieces  of  mem- 
brane. These  membrane  remnants  are  identifiable  both  in  the  elec- 
tron microscope  and  by  analysis  of  their  protein  (polypeptide)  com- 
position. The  remnants  differ  in  polypeptide  composition  from  the 
membrane  as  a  whole.  This  observation  suggests  that  the  poly- 
ribosomes lie  on  specialized  portions  of  the  membrane. 

Science  I  133 


Some  chloroplast  membrane  proteins  are  synthesized  in  the 
chloroplast  itself,  and  some  are  synthesized  in  the  cytoplasm.  These 
proteins  are  then  independently  inserted  into  the  chloroplast  mem- 
brane. Isolated  chloroplast  membranes  can  be  made  to  synthesize 
protein  in  vitro  and  the  products  obtained  compared  with  products 
formed  in  vivo.  The  results  suggest  that  the  in  vitro  system  com- 
pletes some  membrane  polypeptide  chains.  It  is  by  studying  such  in 
vitro  systems  that  the  control  of  membrane  synthesis  by  the  inter- 
action of  information  from  both  the  chloroplast  and  cytoplasm  may 
be  understood. 

The  complexity  of  the  chloroplast  development  in  flowering 
plants  has  made  progress  slow  and  difficult.  Another  approach  being 
pursued  in  the  Laboratory  is  the  use  of  algal  cells.  Many  algae  have 
developed  special  pigment  molecules  that  act  as  light-harvesting 
antennae  to  funnel  the  light  energy  into  photosynthetic  membranes. 
These  pigments  have  properties  which  allow  efficient  absorption  of 
light  in  the  color  bands  of  sunlight  that  cannot  be  absorbed  effi- 
ciently by  chlorophyll  alone.  Thus,  light  captured  between  the  red 
and  blue  absorbing  peaks  of  green  chlorophyll  is  transferred  to 
chlorophyll  in  special  protein-pigment  structures  (phycobilisomes) 
for  photosynthesis.  These  phycobilisomes  can  be  isolated  from 
membranes  and  their  structure  determined.  The  pigment  which 
finally  funnels  the  light  energy  to  chlorophyll  is  called  allophyco- 
cyanin,  and  recent  data  show  that  it  is  in  the  base  of  the  phycobili- 
some  near  the  attachment  point  on  the  photosynthetic  membrane. 
Allophycocyanin  in  vivo  is  in  an  aggregated  state,  which  appears  to 
enhance  the  energy  transfer  efficiency  as  seen  by  a  fluorescence 
emission  in  the  red  region  of  the  spectrum  (675  nm).  This  year,  in 
vitro  shifts  in  absorption  in  purified  allophycocyanin  solutions  have 
been  produced.  This  is  the  first  step  in  attempts  to  reconstitute 
functional  phycobilisomes  in  vitro. 

The  use  of  such  seemingly  simpler  single-celled  biological  sys- 
tems has  been  productive.  Another  type  of  organism,  the  large, 
multinucleate  single-celled  fungus,  Phycomyces,  has  been  studied 
for  many  years.  Aerial  cells  (sporangiophores)  respond  rapidly  in  a 
number  of  ways  to  environmental  stimuli.  The  chief  advantage  of 
Phycomyces  has  been  that  growth  responses  were  known  to  occur 
localized  in  the  same  region  of  the  cell  where  the  environmental 
signals  are  received,  quite  unlike  flowering  plants,  which  have  a 

134   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


complex  system  of  hormones  that  move  from  one  region  of  the 
plant  to  another.  In  the  past  few  years,  data  have  been  published 
that  such  hormones  also  may  be  involved  in  the  Phycomyces  sys- 
tem. It  was  discovered  in  this  Laboratory  that  continuous  exposure 
to  high-intensity  blue  light  will  cause  the  sporangiophores  to  stop 
growing  by  elongation  and,  after  a  period  of  a  few  hours,  to  initiate 
a  branch  cell  that  elongates  for  many  hours.  The  system  also  dem- 
onstrates apical  dominance,  in  that  two  branches  sometimes  are 
formed,  one  of  which  exerts  control  and  elongates,  while  the  other 
is  inhibited.  If  the  spherical  sporangium,  at  the  upper  end  of  the 
dominant  branch  sporangiophore,  is  mechanically  removed,  growth 
is  initiated  in  the  previously  inhibited  branch.  We  have  been  able  to 
confirm  this  phenomenon  and  have  observed  that  application  of  the 
plant  growth  hormone,  auxin  (indoleacetic  acid),  in  about  50  percent 
of  all  experiments,  is  able  to  prevent  branching.  It  appears  that 
high-intensity  blue  light  selectively  destroys  the  sensitivity  of  the 
growing  cell  to  hormonal  materials  being  produced  by  the 
sporangium,  since  it  has  not  been  possible  to  produce  branches  by 
irradicating  the  sporangium  alone.  Each  mature  sporangium  con- 
tains about  one  million  vegetative  spores,  and  the  active  material 
appears  to  be  produced  by  these  spores.  The  application  of  a  num- 
ber of  auxin  inhibitors  and  antagonists,  known  to  interfere  with 
the  effects  of  auxin  or  the  flow  of  auxins  in  higher  plants,  has  not 
led  to  branch  formation  in  Phycomyces. 

Most  fungal  cells  contain  carotenoid  pigments  responsible  for  the 
yellow,  orange,  and  red  colors  observed.  These  same  compounds 
occur  in  higher  plants  and  in  animals.  Some  of  these  pigments  are 
the  accessory  pigments  for  photosynthesis  and  are  also  precursors 
for  Vitamin  A  synthesis.  In  many  organisms  the  carotenoids  have 
a  protective  function  against  adverse  effects  of  visible  light,  and  in 
addition  they  have  other,  unknown,  functions. 

In  the  orange  bread  mold,  Neurospora  crassa,  blue  light  is  re- 
quired to  initiate  the  biosynthesis  of  at  least  eight  different  carote- 
noid pigments.  From  experimental  data  using  biochemical  inhibitors, 
it  has  been  proposed  that  one  or  more  enzymes  in  the  carotenoid 
pathway  are  absent  or  at  low  levels  in  dark-grown  Neurospora  cul- 
tures and  that  the  activity  of  these  enzymes  increases  following  light 
exposure.  One  way  of  testing  this  hypothesis  is  to  examine  bio- 
chemically the  precursors  of  the  carotenoid  pigments.  Phytoene,  a 

Science  I  135 


40-carbon  colorless  compound,  accumulates  in  dark-grown  cultures. 
The  enzyme  activity  that  catalyzes  the  biosynthesis  of  phytoene 
from  isopentenyl-pyrophosphate  has  been  partially  purified.  Even 
though  phytoene  can  be  produced  by  dark-grown  cultures,  the 
activity  is  higher  in  cells  which  were  exposed  to  blue  light  prior  to 
extraction.  Thus,  light  may  regulate  both  the  biosynthesis  of 
phytoene,  as  well  as  its  subsequent  conversion  to  carotenoids.  In 
order  to  separate  these  two  processes,  it  will  be  necessary  to  investi- 
gate the  regulation  of  each  enzyme  in  the  pathway. 

Temperature  changes  can  also  regulate  carotenoid  production  in 
Neurospora.  The  optimum  temperature  for  carotenoid  biosynthesis 
following  a  light  exposure  is  6°C.  Mutants  have  been  isolated  which 
have  the  same  optimum,  but  carotenoid  production  is  relatively  in- 
sensitive to  higher  temperatures.  For  example,  at  25°C  to  37°C 
these  mutants  accumulate  more  pigment  than  the  wild  type  strain. 
The  gene  containing  the  mutation  has  been  mapped  and  found  to 
be  on  the  right  arm  of  Chromosome  IV. 

One  of  the  pigments  involved  in  the  regulation  of  green  plant 
development  is  the  chromoprotein  phytochrome.  This  pigment  regu- 
lates a  wide  variety  of  plant  responses,  from  flowering,  stem  growth, 
and  seed  germination  to  chlorophyll  synthesis.  Much  effort  has  been 
devoted  to  characterizing  this  pigment  because  of  its  ubiquitous  and 
important  nature.  Characterization  has  been  hampered  by  two 
factors.  One  is  the  low  concentration  of  phytochrome  in  the  plant 
cell,  and  the  second  is  the  presence  of  other  molecules  which  alter 
the  structure  of  proteins  when  the  plant  tissue  is  broken  up  for 
extraction.  Both  of  these  factors  have  led  to  spurious  artifacts.  It 
was  discovered  by  this  Laboratory  recently  that  highly  purified 
phytochrome  solutions  previously  thought  to  be  free  of  significant 
contaminants  contained  another  protein  that  could  only  be  separated 
from  phytochrome  by  ultracentrifugation.  In  addition,  the  struc- 
tural features  observed  by  electron  microscopy  and  previously 
ascribed  to  phytochrome  are  actually  due  to  the  presence  of  the 
contaminating  protein.  These  data  led  to  a  reexamination  of  the 
phytochrome  molecule.  Electrophoretic  and  ultracentrifugal  studies 
confirm  that  phytochrome  exists  in  solution  as  a  dimer.  Analysis 
of  gel  filtration  and  ultracentrifugal  data  led  to  a  description  of 
phytochrome  as  an  elongated  molecule,  described  as  a  cigar-shaped 
structure  with  an  axial  ratio  on  the  order  of  8  to  1.  The  dimer  dis- 


136   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


sociates  as  the  alkalinity  of  the  solution  is  increased.  Even  under 
conditions  routinely  used  in  isolating  phytochrome,  some  dissocia- 
tion occurs.  Such  dissociation  may  account  for  some  of  the  con- 
flicting descriptions  from  other  laboratories  of  the  properties  of 
phytochrome. 

In  addition,  a  purported  photoreversible  pigment  system,  driven 
by  blue  and  yellow  light  from  the  alga  Protosiphon,  was  examined 
because  of  its  similarities  to  the  photoreversible  phytochrome 
molecule.  However,  the  data  indicate  that  the  isolated  pigment  is 
probably  not  photoreversible  by  yellow  light,  since  it  reverts  to  the 
blue-absorbing  form  in  the  dark,  with  nearly  identical  kinetics  ob- 
served under  yellow  light.  The  suggestion  was  made  that  the  pig- 
ment plastocyanin  is  involved  in  this  system,  but  data  from  mu- 
tants of  Chlamydomonas  which  lack  plastocyanin  did  not  support 
this  hypothesis. 

The  phytochrome  molecule  acts  as  the  receptor  molecule  for  the 
control  of  reproductive  development.  When  light  signals  are  re- 
ceived from  the  environment,  either  inhibition  or  promotion  occurs 
that  is  dependent  upon  both  the  species  of  plant  and  the  time  in  the 
developmental  cycle  during  which  the  signal  is  received.  Normally, 
the  red  portion  of  sunlight  predominates  during  the  day,  with 
marked  increases  in  the  far-red  portion  near  sunrise  and  sunset. 
Experiments  conducted  with  a  long-day  plant,  Wintex  barley,  indi- 
cate that  high  levels  of  far-red  light  (700-800  nm),  if  maintained 
throughout  the  day,  significantly  promote  the  induction  of  flowers, 
when  compared  to  plants  grown  with  equally  photosynthetically 
active  energies  but  without  the  additional  far-red  light. 

Once  flowering  is  induced  by  an  appropriate  light  signal,  internal 
biochemical  changes  occur  that  are  transmitted  from  the  sensitive 
leaves  to  the  vegetative  buds  which  become  flowers.  The  nature  of 
this  chemical  stimulus  is  unknown.  This  material  is  carried  in  the 
phloem  sap.  One  way  of  obtaining  sufficient  phloem  sap  for  analysis 
is  to  take  advantage  of  the  fact  that  aphids  feeding  upon  plants 
insert  a  stylet  directly  into  the  phloem  tissue.  Droplets  of  honeydew 
can  be  collected  from  the  aphids  feeding  on  plants  that  have  been 
induced  to  flower,  and,  assuming  that  no  appreciable  chemical 
changes  have  occurred  in  the  passage  of  the  active  material  through 
the  aphid,  it  should  be  possible  to  identify  the  flowering  stimulus. 
Salicylic  acid  was  identified  in  honeydew,  and  salicylic  acid  has 

Science  I  137 


been  found  by  this  technique  to  induce  flowering  in  test  plants  of 
duckweed  (Lemna  gibba).  Other  materials  known  to  be  present  are 
being  tested  in  reference  to  their  involvement  in  the  flowering 
process.  In  addition,  salicylic  acid  is  being  tested  on  a  number  of 
plant  species,  including  several  different  Lemnaceae. 

Besides  its  regulatory  effect  upon  growth  processes,  light  is  im- 
portant for  photosynthesis.  The  efficiency  of  light  usage  in  photo- 
synthesis is  very  low:  about  two  percent  of  the  incident  energy 
is  utilized.  In  some  regions  of  the  world,  plants  are  grown  under 
artificial  lighting  to  produce  prime  horticultural  and  floricultural 
products.  The  electrical  energy  used  is  mostly  produced  from  fossil 
fuels,  thereby  depleting  a  nonrenewable  resource.  The  mode  of  light 
used  for  this  purpose  traditionally  has  been  continuous  light. 
However,  work  completed  thirty  years  ago  under  flashing  light 
conditions  produced  by  mechanical  devices  indicated  an  increased 
efficiency  in  the  photosynthetic  utilization  of  light.  The  Radiation 
Biology  Laboratory  has  recently  been  testing  a  prototypical,  elec- 
tronically controlled,  flashing  fluorescent  lamp  system  in  a  con- 
trolled environment  for  plant  growth.  Preliminary  testing  of  the 
light  utilization  in  the  flashing  mode  versus  continuous  application 
of  equal  total  energy  indicates  an  increase  of  as  much  as  30  percent 
in  photosynthetic  efficiency.  Such  data  should  also  lead  to  a  better 
understanding  of  the  molecular  mechanisms  occurring  in  photo- 
synthesis. 

Salt  marshes  along  the  Atlantic  seaboard  are  thought  to  be  among 
the  most  productive  ecosystems,  and  it  has  been  assumed  that  much 
of  the  solar  energy  fixed  as  carbon  compounds  by  photosynthesis 
finds  its  way  into  the  adjacent  estuaries,  where  fish  and  shellfish 
spend  a  part  of  their  life  cycle.  In  association  with  measurements  of 
the  incident  solar  radiation,  measurements  have  also  been  made  of 
the  primary  productivity  of  selected  portions  of  two  salt  marsh 
communities.  One  of  these  communities  is  dominated  by  a  sedge 
and  the  other  by  a  mixture  of  two  grass  species.  From  measurements 
taken  at  different  times  during  the  growing  season,  estimates  were 
made  of  the  net  carbon  assimilated.  More  carbon  was  found  to  be 
assimilated  by  these  communities  than  could  be  accounted  for  on 
the  basis  of  measurements  of  the  total  mass  of  plant  and  animal 
matter  in  the  community.  These  data  substantiate  the  notion  that 


138   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


these  salt  marsh  communities  are  supplying  significant  amounts  of 
carbon  to  the  adjacent  estuaries. 

In  order  to  make  these  correlations,  measurements  of  the  incident 
solar  radiation  were  needed.  Such  a  monitoring  program  has  been 
in  progress  for  six  years  by  the  Laboratory.  The  program  for 
measuring  and  monitoring  the  ultraviolet  erythemal  (sunburn)  en- 
ergy (285  to  320  nm  in  5nm  increments)  content  of  daylight  was 
initiated  last  year.  A  preliminary  analysis  of  the  data  indicates  a 
pattern  for  this  energy  at  the  earth's  surface  at  various  latitudes  for 
the  northern  hemisphere.  As  anticipated,  the  amount  of  ultraviolet 
erythemal  radiation  increases  from  the  pole  to  the  equator,  with 
more  detectable  energy  at  the  shorter  wavelengths  as  one  moves 
toward  the  equator.  Also,  the  amount  of  ozone  decreases  as  one 
approaches  the  equator. 

The  data  for  these  trends  have  been  obtained  from  four  scanning 
radiometers  developed  and  constructed  by  the  Radiation  Biology 
Laboratory.  Ozone  calculations  from  the  ultraviolet  measurements 
at  the  Panama  station  indicate  very  little  variation  in  ozone  thick- 
ness seasonally,  while  measurements  from  the  other  stations  indi- 
cate more  seasonal  variations  for  higher  latitudes. 

There  have  been  other  phenomena  observed  in  the  data.  Besides 
an  increasing  variability  in  daily  ozone  measurements  with  increas- 
ing latitude,  there  is  the  appearance  of  a  cycle  in  the  ozone  data  at 
three  sites  simultaneously.  This  cycle  appears  to  be  of  about  27  to 
30  days  and  occurs  in  data  from  November  1975  to  June  1976.  More 
data  will  be  needed  to  ascertain  the  existence  of  this  observed 
cyclical  event. 

The  data  collected  on  the  spectral  quality  of  daylight  are  being 
analyzed  for  long-term  trends  and  variability  at  various  locations. 
The  analysis  has  begun  using  one  year  of  data  from  three  locations: 
(1)  Barrow,  Alaska  (71  °N),  (2)  Rockville,  Maryland  (39 °N),  and 
(3)  Panama  Canal  Zone  (9°N).  The  analysis  was  performed  using 
the  daily  amounts  of  irradiance  in  each  of  the  100-nanometer  (nm)- 
wide  spectral  bands  from  400  nm  to  800  nm,  the  total  irradiance 
(300  nm-2800  nm),  and  the  infrared  region  from  800  nm  to  2800 
nm.  The  data  were  collected  using  precision  Eppley  pyranometers 
and  automated  acquisition  systems. 

The  analysis  of  the  1974  data  clearly  showed  that  the  determi- 


Science  /   139 


IHHi^HHH 


Sites  at  Barrow,  Alaska,  (above)  and  Panama  (below)  show  the  different  en- 
vironments to  which  delicate  and  complicated  instruments  are  exposed  in  the 
Smithsonian's  Radiation  Biology  Laboratory  studies. 


?5B 


140  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


nation  of  the  available  solar  energy  and  the  spectral  quality  of  that 
energy  can  only  be  obtained  from  direct  measurements  if  data 
better  than  ±25  percent  are  required.  Also,  it  may  be  quite  impos- 
sible to  predict  long-term  trends  without  measurements  taken  over 
many  years.  Such  things  as  spectral  quality  changes,  and  losses  in 
energy  such  as  those  found  at  Washington,  D.C.,  and  Mount  Saint 
Katherine,  Egypt,  cannot  be  predicted  with  only  five  or  six  years' 
data. 

Another  fact  clearly  shown  in  the  analysis  is  that  there  are  not 
only  major  differences  in  the  spectral  quality  of  daylight  from  place 
to  place,  but  large  variations  in  the  spectral  distribution  can  occur 
at  any  one  location,  especially  around  sunrise  and  sunset. 

For  the  1974  data,  the  average  daily  amount  of  solar  energy 
reaching  the  surface  of  the  earth,  compared  to  that  available  daily 
at  the  top  of  the  atmosphere,  is  approximately  40  percent  at  Barrow, 
Alaska  (71 CN)  and  about  53  percent  at  the  Pacific  entrance  to  the 
Panama  Canal  (9°N).  The  variations  in  these  values  are  relatively 
large:  from  5  percent  to  65  percent  at  Barrow,  30  percent  to  50 
percent  at  Rockville,  and  48  percent  to  60  percent  in  Panama, 
where  the  atmosphere  is  generally  clear. 

If  data  from  a  longer  period  of  time  are  used — for  example  the 
data  from  Rockville  for  seven  years — then  different  mean  values 
for  the  year  will  be  obtained.  For  Rockville,  an  average  value  of 
46  percent  of  the  solar  energy  available  at  the  top  of  the  atmosphere 
falling  on  the  earth's  surface  is  obtained,  with  a  variation  in  the 
average  of  only  41  percent-51  percent.  The  measured  values  of  the 
average  energy  available  for  over  three  quarters  of  the  time  range 
from  5  percent  to  75  percent.  Therefore,  it  is  apparent  that  the  use 
of  calculated  rather  than  measured  values  of  solar  radiation  in  solar 
energy  applications  must  be  done  with  great  care. 

In  photosynthesis,  radioactive  14carbon  naturally  occurring  in 
the  atmospheric  carbon  dioxide  is  assimilated.  This  14C  decays  with 
time  and  can  be  used  to  determine  the  age  of  once-living  materials. 
Using  this  technique  in  collaboration  with  the  Institution  staff  and 
in  cooperative  research  with  some  twenty  other  institutions  and 
universities,  the  relationships  are  being  investigated  between  chang- 
ing environments  and  changing  cultures,  and  research  is  being  done 
on  the  early  human  occupation  of  the  Americas.  Of  necessity,  this 
requires  more  than  the  straightforward  construction  of  chronolo- 

Science  I  141 


gies,  for  research  must  be  carried  out  in  all  the  fields  of  archeology, 
geology,  sedimentology,  pollen  analysis,  sea-level  changes,  etc.,  in 
order  to  understand  why  peoples  move,  why  cultures  change. 

Current  reversal  in  the  Mediterranean  Basin  10,000  years  ago, 
first  noted  through  sediment  studies  at  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  has 
been  confirmed  by  similar  studies  at  the  Strait  of  Sicily  and  the 
underwater  cone  of  the  Nile  Delta.  The  entire  Basin  was  subjected 
to  drastic  environmental  change,  and  the  concomitant  change  in 
human  culture  must  have  been  equally  great.  The  documentation 
of  a  succession  of  rapid  climatic  changes  in  Labrador  and  along  the 
coast  of  northeastern  North  America  has  been  keyed  to  successive 
movements  and  occupations  by  Eskimo  and  Indian  groups,  and  the 
continued  dating  of  pollen  cores  throughout  the  area  will  provide 
confirmatory  evidence  of  geomorphological  and  ecological  events 
and  parameters. 

Continued  excavations  at  Meadowcroft  Rockshelter  in  western 
Pennsylvania  have  revealed  some  very  early  levels  of  occupation. 
Two  samples,  one  of  charcoal  and  the  other  of  a  simple  bark  textile, 
recovered  in  the  1975  excavations,  have  been  dated  and  are  esti- 
mated to  be  about  19,000  years  old. 


Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory 

Astronomy  was  once  concerned  only  with  observing  and  charting 
the  positions  and  motions  of  the  planets  and  stars.  Joy  and  satis- 
faction came  from  seeing  the  beauty  and  symmetry  of  these  distant 
celestial  bodies.  The  sense  of  wonder  basic  to  astronomy  naturally 
evolved  into  a  desire  to  understand  the  physical  composition  of 
these  celestial  objects.  Thus  developed  the  science  of  astrophysics: 
the  application  of  the  prinicples  of  physics  to  the  study  of  the 
stars,  and,  in  particular  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  the  sun. 

At  the  turn  of  the  century,  the  basic  tools  of  astrophysics  were 
optical  telescopes  and  spectrographs.  Following  World  War  II, 
astrophysics  expanded  to  include  radio  observations  of  stars, 
planets,  and  galaxies.  Now  the  concept  of  astrophysics  has  broad- 
ened again.  The  stars  are  no  longer  considered  static  entities,  but 
rather  dynamic  bodies  that  change  and  evolve — being  born,  matur- 

142   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


ing,  aging,  and  dying  much  like  living  organisms.  Thanks  to  the 
space  program,  modern  astronomers  can  now  observe  radiation 
across  the  entire  electromagnetic  spectrum — from  radio  waves  that 
are  meters  long  to  gamma  rays,  trillions  of  times  shorter.  During 
the  past  two  decades,  with  each  new  wavelength  revealing  new 
insights  on  the  complex  nature  of  the  universe,  astrophysics  has 
become  an  especially  challenging  and  exciting  branch  of  science. 

To  theoretical  astrophysicists,  the  future  of  this  science  seems 
exciting  indeed.  Astronomers  have  discovered  quasars,  pulsars,  cos- 
mic masers,  X-ray  sources,  and  black  holes.  But  even  more  exciting 
is  the  prospect  of  studying  these  mysterious  objects  with  the  radio, 
optical,  infrared,  X-ray,  and  gamma-ray  techniques  that  first  re- 
vealed them.  Some  clues  have  already  been  discovered.  For  ex- 
ample, the  quasars  seem  to  have  points  of  similarity  with  the  X-ray 
sources  discovered  by  satellite  experiments,  in  which  a  spinning 
disk  of  matter  is  thought  to  be  swallowed  slowly  by  a  black  hole. 
The  quasars  appear  to  be  a  similar  phenomenon  on  a  much  larger 
scale.  To  generate  the  tremendous  energy  of  quasars,  the  black 
holes  within  them  would  have  to  weigh  as  much  as  100  million  suns. 

Each  of  these  discoveries,  fascinating  in  itself,  contributes  to  our 
understanding  of  the  processes  by  which  the  universe  has  expanded, 
galaxies  have  been  formed,  and  stars  have  evolved  over  the  past  15 
billion  years.  Dying  stars  apparently  eject  new  chemical  elements 
into  space,  in  which  they  are  available  for  forming  new  stars  and 
planets — some  of  them  with  life.  The  intellectual  synthesis  describ- 
ing this  process  might  be  called  "Cosmic  Evolution,"  with  an 
impact  rivaling  that  of  the  Darwinian  theory  of  biological  evolution. 
This  synthesis  may  account  for  all  the  structures  in  the  universe, 
from  quasars  to  planets. 

Particularly  exciting  is  the  prospect  for  future  study  of  the  pro- 
cesses that  connect  cosmic  evolution  with  the  evolution  of  life.  If 
life  originated  from  nonliving  matter  early  in  the  history  of  the 
solar  system,  according  to  the  laws  of  physics  and  chemistry,  then 
perhaps  some  day  we  can  predict  which  stars  have  life,  and  even 
which  stars  have  intelligent  life  with  which  we  might  communicate. 

The  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory  (sao)  is  participat- 
ing fully  in  the  exploration  of  the  frontiers  of  astrophysics.  Only  a 
large,  multidisciplinary  organization  can  muster  the  scientific  capa- 
bility and  technical  expertise  necessary  to  exploit  and  utilize  the  full 

Science  I  143 


range  of  the  electromagnetic  spectrum,  from  radio  to  gamma  rays. 
Accordingly,  in  1973,  the  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory 
and  the  Harvard  College  Observatory  were  joined,  under  a  single  di- 
rector, as  the  Center  for  Astrophysics,  in  order  to  pursue  excellence 
in  astrophysical  research  by  developing  the  potential  of  both  organi- 
zations. Today,  with  over  140  scientists  and  500  staff  members,  in 
Cambridge  and  at  field  stations  around  the  world,  the  Center  repre- 
sents the  nation's  largest  observatory. 

The  research  of  the  Center  is  organized  by  divisions  representing 
major  fields  of  study;  and,  as  the  following  summaries  show,  the 
Center  is  making  important  scientific  progress. 

HIGH  ENERGY  ASTROPHYSICS  DIVISION 

One  of  the  most  exciting  discoveries  in  the  field  of  astronomy  dur- 
ing the  past  year  was  the  detection  of  giant  bursts  of  X-ray  emission 
from  the  centers  of  globular  clusters  of  stars.  The  first  and  largest 
of  these  extraordinary  X-ray  sources  was  found  by  scientists  at  the 
Center  for  Astrophysics  working  with  data  taken  by  an  experiment 
aboard  the  Astronomical  Netherlands  Satellite  (ans).  The  sudden 
burst  of  energy,  comparable  to  the  30-fold  brightening  of  an  optical 
object,  was  seen  from  a  cluster  in  the  constellation  Sagittarius.  Sub- 
sequently, at  least  another  dozen  of  these  so-called  "X-ray  bursters" 
were  identified  by  Center  scientists  and  a  team  from  the  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology,  with  the  latter  group  using  data 
from  the  Small  Astronomy  Satellite  (sas-3). 

The  bursts  of  X-ray  radiation  are  thought  to  be  associated  with 
giant  black  holes  weighing  the  equivalent  of  several  hundred  suns, 
which  may  represent  an  intermediate  stage  between  stellar  black 
holes  and  the  quasi-stellar  black  holes  with  a  mass  100  million 
times  that  of  the  sun. 

An  X-ray  experiment  using  a  two-dimensional  low-resolution 
mirror  and  imaging  system  was  flown  aboard  a  rocket.  In  addition  to 
observations  of  extragalactic  X-ray  sources,  the  experiment  ob- 
tained the  data  that  produced  the  first  X-ray  map  of  the  Perseus 
cluster  of  galaxies,  showing  both  extended  emission  regions  and  the 
galaxy  ngc  1275.  That  gallaxy  is  the  most  intense  source  of  X-ray 
emission  discovered. 

Work  continued  on  the  experiments  scheduled  for  flight  aboard 
the    upcoming    National    Aeronautics    and    Space    Administration 

144   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Left.  A  rocket-borne  X-ray  telescope  launched  from  White  Sands  Missile 
Range  December  1975  produced  this  image  of  X-ray  emissions  from  the  Per- 
seus cluster,  an  ensemble  of  some  1,000  galaxies  located  about  300  million 
light  years  from  earth.  The  image  shows  a  broad  area  of  diffuse  X-ray  emis- 
sion estimated  as  several  million  light  years  in  diameter.  Intense  emission  is 
seen  from  the  Seyfert  galaxy  ngc  1275  at  the  center  of  the  cluster,  indicating 
that  the  object  is  perhaps  the  most  powerful  X-ray  source  known,  some  mil- 
lion times  more  luminous  than  the  sum  of  all  the  X-ray  sources  in  our  own 
galaxy.  Right.  Photographic  image  of  X-ray  data  returned  by  sas-3  satellite 
shows  the  exploding  galaxy  ngc  1275  (concentric  circles  on  left)  and  the  star 
Algol,  Beta  Persei,  both  in  the  constellation  Perseus.  The  experiment  was  de- 
signed to  measure  precisely  the  positions  of  sources  at  high-galactic  latitudes, 
thus  allowing  searches  for  optical  counterparts  of  X-ray  emission  objects,  (sao 
photo) 


(nasa)  series  of  High  Energy  Astronomy  Observatory  (heao)  satel- 
lites, the  first  of  which  is  planned  for  late  1977.  A  major  effort  has 
been  devoted  to  construction  of  the  cosmic  X-ray  telescope  aboard 
the  heao-b,  due  to  fly  in  1978.  This  telescope  will  be  capable  of  de- 
tecting tens  of  thousands  of  X-ray  sources,  some  more  distant  than 
the  most  distant  galaxies  now  seen  from  ground-based  telescopes. 

Experiments  proposed  by  the  division  have  also  been  selected 
for  flight  on  the  hea  Transient  Explorer  satellite  and  the  Soft  X-ray 
and  euv  Explorer  satellite. 

The  all-sky  survey  of  high-energy  gamma-ray  sources  using  a 
10-meter  reflector  at  Mount  Hopkins,  Arizona,  neared  completion 
after  an  intense  observation  campaign  during  the  past  year. 

GEOASTRONOMY  DIVISION 

Two  major  satellite  experiments  conceived  and  designed  by  Division 
members  culminated  with  successful  launches  in  the  spring. 


Science  I  145 


Lageos,  an  extremely  dense,  mechanically  and  electrically  inert, 
passive  satellite  fitted  with  retroreflectors  was  launched  by  nasa  on 
May  4,  1976.  The  satellite,  which  has  an  orbital  lifetime  estimated  in 
millions  of  years,  will  serve  as  a  stable  reference  for  ground-based 
laser  tracking  stations,  including  those  of  the  Smithsonian,  thus 
providing  data  on  crustal  movements,  polar  motion,  and  variations 
in  the  rotation  of  the  earth. 

At  an  altitude  of  5,900  km  and  with  a  magnitude  of  13,  the 
Lageos  satellite  was  thought  too  faint  to  be  photographed  by  the 
network's  Baker-Nunn  camera;  indeed,  it  was  expected  that  60  days 
would  be  needed  for  initial  observations.  Yet  the  Baker-Nunn 
camera  on  the  island  of  Maui,  Hawaii,  photographed  the  satellite  on 
its  first  orbit,  just  90  minutes  after  launch,  and  other  network 
cameras  photographed  the  object  shortly  thereafter.  Using  the 
camera  data  to  improve  pointing  predictions,  the  Mount  Hopkins, 
Arizona,  laser  obtained  returns  within  3  days  after  launch.  Lasers 
in  Peru  and  Brazil  were  successful  as  well,  and  routine  tracking  of 
this  geodetic  reference  point,  including  daytime  observations,  began 
nearly  2  months  ahead  of  schedule. 

During  the  next  four  years,  geophysicists  hope  to  obtain  range 
data  (laser-to-satellite  distance)  accurate  to  10  cm,  with  the  dis- 
tances between  the  ground  stations  measured  to  comparable  ac- 
curacies. By  the  1980s,  this  accuracy  is  expected  to  be  2  cm,  or  about 
the  distance  that  Europe  and  North  America  are  suspected  of  drift- 
ing apart  annually. 

On  June  18,  1976,  a  Smithsonian-designed  and  -built  hydrogen 
maser  clock,  so  accurate  that  it  loses  only  1  second  in  10  million 
years,  was  launched  by  nasa  on  a  2-hour  suborbital  flight  to  test 
the  equivalence  principle,  a  cornerstone  of  Einstein's  theory  of  gen- 
eral relativity.  In  the  test,  time  aboard  the  spacecraft  was  measured 
against  a  duplicate  ground-based  clock  to  an  accuracy  of  1  part  in 
1014.  According  to  Einstein's  theory,  the  space  clock  should  run 
faster  once  free  of  the  earth's  gravitational  field. 

The  payload  reached  an  altitude  of  10,000  km  with  a  flight  time 
of  lh56m.  The  probe  maser  functioned  properly  throughout  the 
flight,  as  did  the  ground-based  equipment.  Initial  analysis  of  the 
data,  considered  some  100  times  more  accurate  than  any  previous 
ground-based  experiments,  indicates  Einstein's  theory  is  correct. 

In  support  of  research  in  geodesy,  geophysics,  and  the  upper  at- 

146   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Left.  The  laser  system  at  Mount 
Hopkins,  Arizona,  is  part  of  the 
worldwide  network  used  for  the 
precise  tracking  of  earth-orbiting 
satellites  for  geophysical  and  geodetic 
research.  This  laser  obtained  the  first 
range  data  from  the  Lageos  satellite. 
(sao  photo)  Below.  The  hydrogen 
maser  clock  designed  and  built  by 
the  Smithsonian  Astrophysical 
Observatory  undergoes  final  checkout 
at  nasa's  Marshall  Space  Flight 
Center  prior  to  rocket  launch  June 
18,  1976,  to  test  the  equivalence 
principle  of  Einstein's  theory  of 
general  relativity,  (nasa  photo) 


mosphere,  satellite-tracking  operations  were  conducted  in  close 
cooperation  with  nasa,  the  Centre  National  d'Etudes  Spatiales,  and 
the  Institut  fur  Angewandte  Geodasie.  As  coordinator  of  all  interna- 
tional laser  networks,  sao  provided  orbital  elements,  scheduling, 
and  general  operational  support  for  all  the  overseas  lasers  partici- 
pating in  the  campaign  to  track  the  Geos  3  satellite.  Laser  data  were 
also  acquired  on  a  number  of  other  retroreflector  satellites  for  use 
in  the  development  of  the  gravity-field  and  geodetic  models  of  the 
earth. 

An  analytical  theory  for  determining  the  nongravitational  effects 
of  solar  radiation  pressure,  albedo  pressure,  and  infrared  pressure 
on  artificial  satellites,  was  developed  for  the  first  time. 

A  complex  theory  for  ocean  tides  was  devised  that  incorporates 
existing  theories  on  perturbations  due  to  the  sun  and  the  moon,  as 
well  as  those  due  to  the  earth's  solid  body  tides  caused  by  the  sun 
and  the  moon.  The  new  theory  includes  ocean  tidal  loading  on  the 
solid  earth. 

Ionospheric  data  collected  by  the  doppler-tracking  experiment  on 
the  Apollo-Soyuz  Test  Project  (astp)  of  1975  were  reduced.  This 
experiment  was  designed  to  detect  large  concentrations  of  mass 
in  the  earth  beneath  the  satellites.  Work  this  year  was  devoted  to 
removing  propagation  errors  from  raw  measurements  of  the  relative 
velocity  between  the  Apollo  spacecraft  and  the  astp  docking 
module,  with  the  resulting  data  to  be  inverted  into  gravity-field 
anomalies.  These  data  also  represent  valuable  horizontal  sounding 
samples  of  the  ionosphere  at  the  220-km  orbital  height. 

SOLAR  AND  STELLAR  PHYSICS  DIVISION 

The  primary  research  of  this  Division  continues  to  focus  on  the 
study  of  the  sun  as  a  star,  with  related  programs  designed  to  under- 
stand similar  physical  processes  observed  in  other  stars. 

Basic  to  this  research  has  been  the  continued  analysis  of  solar 
data  obtained  by  Harvard  experiments  aboard  the  Skylab  satellite 
during  the  1973-1974  flight.  These  data,  in  the  form  of  thousands 
of  photographs,  were  taken  by  two  different  instruments — one 
sensitive  to  ultraviolet  emissions,  the  other  to  X-rays — and  they  are 
being  analyzed  by  two  different  groups  within  the  Division. 

The  analyses  have  resulted  in  detailed  numerical  models  describ- 
ing the  physical  mechanisms  for  energy  flow  in  the  sun's  corona  and 

148  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


the  acceleration  of  solar  wind.  It  has  been  found  that  the  solar  wind, 
which  strikes  the  earth,  is  controlled  by  a  magnetic  field  deep  within 
the  body  of  the  sun. 

This  discovery  has  major  implications  for  understanding  physical 
processes  and  motions  below  the  solar  surface.  Moreover,  this  dis- 
covery may  allow  earth-bound  investigators  to  predict  periods  of 
solar-wind  activity  through  observations  of  changes  in  the  sun's 
surface  features. 

An  excellent  example  of  Harvard-Smithsonian  collaboration  in 
scientific  endeavor  is  the  establishment  of  the  Langley-Abbot  pro- 
gram of  solar  research.  Funded  by  the  Institution  and  using  Harvard 
satellite  data,  the  program  will  attempt  to  integrate  current  theory 
and  observation  of  solar  processes  with  historical  studies  of  solar 
variability  in  a  critical  assessment  of  the  interrelationship  between 
solar  and  terrestrial  phenomena,  particularly  long-term  climatic 
change. 

During  the  past  year,  activities  in  the  Langley-Abbot  program  in- 
cluded analysis  of  possible  solar  "constant"  variations  from  the 
original  Abbot  data  and  more  modern  Mariner  and  Nimbus  space- 
craft data;  measurement  of  the  differential  rotation  of  solar 
magnetic  fields  and  the  photosphere;  theoretical  analyses  of  the 
implications  of  such  data  and  related  observations  on  the  solar  cycle 
and  long-term  solar  variability;  data  analysis  and  theoretical  studies 
of  the  interaction  of  solar  plasma  and  magnetic  fields  in  active 
regions;  prominences  and  flares;  and  the  continuing  analytic  studies 
of  long-term  terrestrial  climatic  variation  and  its  possible  relation  to 
solar  activity. 

RADIO  ASTRONOMY  DIVISION 

Harvard-Smithsonian  collaboration  in  radio  astronomy  has  been 
active  for  many  years  in  a  cooperative  program  designed  to  detect 
and  measure  the  very  faint  radio  signals  emitted  by  molecules  in 
interstellar  space. 

The  list  of  newly  discovered  interstellar  molecules  grows  every 
day,  with  scientific  interest  and  anticipation  mounting  as  more  and 
more  complex  organic  molecules  are  found  in  the  space  between  the 
stars.  For  example,  in  the  past  year,  Division  scientists  detected  in- 
terstellar nitrogen  sulphide.  Although  no  one  expects  to  find  living 
organisms  in  space,  there  is  hope  that  molecules  of  biological  inter- 

Science  I  149 


est  will  be  discovered,  thus  providing  a  step  toward  understanding 
the  origin  of  life  on  earth. 

The  Division  also  began  a  program  that  applies  the  techniques  of 
ground-based  millimeter-wave  radio  astronomy  to  the  problem  of 
measuring  the  photochemical  ozone  balance  in  the  earth's  atmos- 
phere. Scientists  measured  H_>0  and  O .  in  the  earth's  mesophere  and 
developed  mathematical  models  for  determining  the  altitude  distri- 
butions of  the  two  substances.  The  design  and  construction  of  a 
millimeter-wave  atmospheric  spectrometer  for  this  program  were 
completed,  and  a  method  of  predicting  the  millimeter-wave  spectra 
of  heavy  organic  molecules  was  developed  to  support  this  program. 

Using  the  Harvard  radio  astronomy  facility  at  Fort  Davis,  Texas, 
Center  scientists  participated  in  an  expanded  collaborative  program 
of  Very  Long  Baseline  Interferometry  (vlbi)  with  a  number  of 
other  radio  astronomy  institutions.  The  vlbi  technique  utilizes 
several  widely  separated  radio  antennas  to  observe  celestial  sources 
of  radio  emission.  This  technique  has  the  effect  of  extending  the 
"size"  of  the  radio  receivers  to  a  diameter  of  hundreds,  or  even 
thousands,  of  miles.  The  difference  in  arrival  time  of  received  radio 
signals  at  the  various  ground  stations  provides  highly  accurate  an- 
gular resolution.  The  initial  studies  of  this  ambitious  program  con- 
centrated on  radio  galaxies,  quasars,  and  oh  masers,  including,  in 
one  case,  an  unprecedented  eight-station  experiment  to  map  quasars 
at  the  18-cm  wavelength.  An  extremely  precise  hydrogen  maser 
clock,  built  by  the  same  team  that  prepared  the  clock  for  space  flight 
in  the  gravity  probe  experiment,  was  developed  for  use  in  the  radio 
project. 

ATOMIC  AND  MOLECULAR  PHYSICS  DIVISION 

By  combining  Harvard  laboratory  facilities  with  Smithsonian  theo- 
retical research  support,  programs  in  the  Division  are  influenced 
and  inspired  by  the  diverse  activities  and  needs  of  astrophysics.  The 
goal  is  to  provide  the  basic  parameters  of  atomic  and  molecular 
physics  required  to  understand  physical  processes  and  thus  to  aid 
in  the  interpretation  of  observational  data  obtained  by  other  Center 
groups. 

Theoretical  studies  in  the  field  of  atomic  structure  and  processes 
concentrated  on  the  application  of  model  potential  methods  for  the 
accurate  calculation  of  properties  of  complex  atoms,  and  the  de- 

150  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


velopment  of  a  relativistic  generalization  of  the  random  phase 
approximation  for  studying  the  properties  of  highly  stripped  atomic 
species. 

In  the  field  of  molecular  structure  and  processes,  progress  has 
been  made  in  large  scale  ab  initio  calculations  of  potential  energy 
curves,  methods  for  including  electronic  continuum  functions  in 
molecular  calculations,  and  the  use  of  model  potential  and  random 
phase  approximation  methods  in  molecular  physics. 

Atomic  and  molecular  data  have  been  used  in  theoretical  studies 
of  the  thermosphere  of  the  earth,  for  comparison  with  the  in  situ 
measurements  obtained  by  the  nasa  Atmospheric  Explorer  Satellite 
system,  in  order  to  obtain  a  quantitative  understanding  of  the 
physical  and  chemical  processes.  The  absorption  of  solar  euv  radia- 
tion and  photoelectrons  in  the  atmosphere  and  the  photochemical 
equilibrium  in  concentrations  have  been  calculated.  Using  the  satel- 
lite observations,  information  on  the  Ou  concentration,  the  total 
ionization  rate  due  to  the  solar  ultraviolet  flux,  and  the  thermal 
budget  of  the  ionosphere  can  be  obtained.  Some  preliminary  studies 
of  the  upper  atmosphere  of  Jupiter  and  Mars  have  been  carried  out. 

PLANETARY  SCIENCES  DIVISION 

The  Planetary  Sciences  Division  is  somewhat  unusual  in  that  con- 
siderably more  attention  is  given  to  the  smaller  bodies  of  the  solar 
system  than  to  the  larger  ones.  This  emphasis  has  recently  received 
a  unique  form  of  recognition:  the  asteroids  numbered  1877,  1880, 
1881,  1913,  and  1940  have  been  named  Marsden,  McCrosky,  Shao, 
Sekanina,  and  Whipple,  respectively,  in  honor  of  the  scientific  con- 
tributions of  these  Center  staff  members.  An  astrometric  program 
at  Harvard's  Agassiz  station  has  contributed  to  the  awarding  of 
those  honors;  more  than  500  positions  of  faint  asteroids  and  comets 
have  been  measured,  leading  to  the  assignment  of  permanent  num- 
bers to  thirteen  minor  planets.  Much  of  this  activity  has  been  made 
possible  through  the  development  of  a  program  to  reduce  the  uncer- 
tainties in  comet  and  asteroid  orbits  and  to  reconcile  apparently 
conflicting  observations. 

Several  members  of  the  Division  maintain  an  active  interest  in 
comets.  Investigations  of  comet  orbit  clustering  have  led  to  the  con- 
clusion that  there  is  less  evidence  than  previously  thought  for  the 
reality  of  comet  pairs.  Work  continued  on  the  process  of  comet 

Science  I  151 


splitting,  particularly  on  the  possibility  that  a  very  large  number 
of  new  comets  would  be  deflected  into  the  inner  solar  system  where 
the  large  release  of  cometary  gases  could  have  formed  a  secondary 
solar  nebula  early  in  the  history  of  the  solar  system.  Photometric 
studies  on  the  properties  of  cometary  tails  continued,  with  a  con- 
centration on  predicted  observability  of  "antitails."  These  predic- 
tions have  been  verified  by  a  number  of  recent  observations  and 
give  interesting  physical  information  about  cometary  particles  in  the 
millimeter-to-centimeter  size  range.  Studies  of  nongravitational 
forces  affecting  cometary  projectories  also  continued. 

In  meteor  research,  the  Prairie  Network  observing  stations  have 
been  closed,  but  analysis  of  network  observations  continues.  A  co- 
operative program  with  groups  in  Albany  and  Ottawa  has  been 
conducted  to  measure  the  spectra  of  faint  meteors  from  ground  and 
aircraft.  These  groups  have  had  some  successful  runs  with  observa- 
tions of  meteor  showers  and  are  beginning  the  reduction  of  the 
data.  This  program  is  expected  to  continue  for  two  more  years. 

Work  relating  to  the  outer  planets  included  research  on  the  prop- 
erties of  Saturn's  rings,  particularly  the  structure  of  the  gaps  in  the 
rings,  which  are  associated  with  satellite  resonances.  Ring-particle 
scattering  apparently  plays  an  important  role  in  widening  these 
gaps,  and  the  current  estimate  of  ring  particle  size  is  of  the  order  of 
a  meter.  The  ephemerides  of  the  Galilean  satellites  of  Jupiter,  as 
well  as  knowledge  about  their  diameters,  have  been  improved 
through  analysis  of  their  mutual  occultations.  In  cooperation  with 
the  California  Institute  of  Technology,  efforts  are  being  made  to 
discover  new  faint  satellites  of  Jupiter. 

A  strong  program  of  research  on  lunar  and  meteorite  samples 
has  been  maintained  by  Division  members  who  have  also  organized 
two  consortia  to  coordinate  research  in  lunar  geology.  One  of  these, 
the  Consortium  Indomitable,  worked  on  the  analysis  of  samples 
from  a  large  lunar  boulder;  the  other,  new  consortium,  the  Con- 
sortium Imbrium,  has  been  formed  to  study  ejecta  from  the  Imbrium 
basin.  In  addition,  the  analysis  of  solar-wind  gases  trapped  in  the 
lunar  materials  has  placed  a  meaningful  upper  limit  on  the  amount 
of  tritium  in  the  solar  wind  and  has  allowed  a  positive  identification 
of  carbon  14. 

Members  of  the  Division  are  also  engaged  in  a  variety  of  theo- 
retical programs.  An  investigation  of  the  theory  of  Cassini  states 

152   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Comet  West,  one  of  the  brightest  comets  of  the  twentieth  century,  was  visible 
to  North  American  observers  in  early  1976.  This  47-minute  exposure  was 
taken  on  March  13  by  Daryl  Willmarth  of  the  Mount  Hopkins  Observatory 
using  the  61-cm  telescope,  (sao  photo) 


has  predicted  that  the  lunar  spin  axis  points  to  within  a  few  degrees 
of  the  earth-moon  system,  and  further  predicts  that  the  earth-spin 
axis  will  undergo  wild  gyrations  about  two  billion  years  in  the 
future.  Similar  studies  are  being  applied  to  Venus.  A  new  theory 
was  developed  to  account  for  the  large  eccentricity  of  Mercury's 
orbit,  which  involves  passing  the  planet  through  two  resonances 
with  Venus  and  requires  that  a  certain  limit  exist  on  the  spin-down 
time  of  the  sun.  Evolutionary  sequences  of  models  of  the  primitive 
solar  nebula  were  constructed,  with  each  treating  the  nebula  as  a 
viscous  accretion  disk.  According  to  the  theoretical  studies,  the  solar 
nebula  should  have  become  repeatedly  unstable  against  global 
gravitational  instabilities,  and  an  investigation  of  the  properties  of 
the  giant  gaseous  proto-planets  that  would  result  from  such  insta- 
bilities has  begun.  Also  studied  was  a  collision  theory  of  lunar 
formation,  in  which  a  large  collision  in  the  late  stages  of  formation 
of  the  earth  inefficiently  places  vaporized  and  condensed  rocky 
material  in  earth  orbit,  from  which  the  moon  can  collect  by  gravi- 
tational instabilities. 

OPTICAL  AND  INFRARED  ASTRONOMY  DIVISION 

The  research  of  the  Optical  and  Infrared  Astronomy  Division  may 
be  divided  according  to  the  areas  and  objects  of  interest  and  accord- 
ing to  facilities  and  instrumentation. 

In  the  former  scheme  of  division,  a  major  interest  is  extragalactic 
work.  The  spectra  of  active  galaxies  that  emit  large  amounts  of 
energy  in  the  infrared,  such  as  the  Seyfert  galaxy  ngc  1068,  were 
studied  by  means  of  both  a  1-m  balloon-borne  telescope  and  a 
ground-based  instrument  at  the  Kitt  Peak  National  Observatory 
fitted  with  a  circular  variable  filter.  The  data  show  complexity  in 
the  spectrum,  including  line  emission,  which  indicated  that  no 
single  simple  model  can  explain  the  infrared  emission. 

The  optical  variability  of  several  quasi-stellar  or  BL-Lacertae 
objects  was  studied.  The  observations  revealed  large  variations,  the 
peaks  of  which  show  very  great  luminosities  of  these  objects  at 
cosmological  distances. 

Two  techniques  are  being  used  to  search  for  halos  of  faint  red 
stars  around  galaxies,  which  could  represent  large  amounts  of  mass. 
An  essentially  negative  measurement  was  made  of  ngc  4565,  an 
edge-on  spiral,  by  use  of  a  silicon  vidicon  camera.  Additional  studies 

154   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


will  continue  with  the  ccd  camera  under  development  at  the  Center. 
Preliminary  measurements  with  photographic  emulsions  and  grid 
technique  to  get  reliable  low-contrast  results  were  also  made. 

The  problem  of  two-  and  three-body  correlations  for  the  distri- 
bution of  galaxies  was  studied.  This  work  has  shown  that  extensive, 
careful  red-shift  measurements,  combined  with  positional  data,  can 
be  of  great  cosmological  interest  when  compared  with  theory. 

Work  on  the  interstellar  medium  includes  study  of  H  n  regions  at 
both  near-  and  far-infrared  wavelengths,  again  utilizing  data  from 
both  balloon-  and  ground-based  observations.  Mapping  of  the  Orion 
and  W3  regions,  and  near-infrared  measurements  of  various  regions, 
will  aid  in  the  understanding  of  how  energy  is  distributed  between 
gas  and  dust. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  research  on  stars  is  centered  on  the  use 
of  optical  observations  in  conjunction  with  X-ray  data  to  study  the 
properties  of  highly  condensed  objects  interacting  with  normal 
companions  in  binary  systems.  An  identification  of  these  com- 
panions and  studies  of  their  variability  were  made,  both  on  short- 
and  long-time  scales.  In  the  latter  case,  the  studies  were  made  pos- 
sible by  the  archival  photographs  in  the  Harvard  plate  collection. 
Intensive  studies  were  made  of  the  centers  of  globular  clusters 
which  emit  X-ray  bursts  in  a  search  for  optical  clues  to  this  unusual 
phenomenon.  A  study  of  abundances  in  Sirius  has  been  conducted 
to  see  whether  mass  transfer  between  it  and  its  companion  could 
have  affected  nucleosynthesis  in  this  system.  Ultraviolet  studies  of 
X-ray  sources  will  be  made  with  the  ive  satellite. 

In  planetary  research,  a  definitive  determination  of  the  tempera- 
ture of  Uranus  was  made  with  the  balloon  instrument  calibrated 
by  means  of  the  model  for  the  time-dependent  effective  temperature 
of  Mars. 

In  terms  of  observing  facilities,  the  Division's  activities  were 
many  and  varied.  A  duplicate  version  of  the  Mount  Hopkins  echelle 
spectrograph  was  installed  on  the  61-inch  telescope  at  Agassiz 
Station  in  Massachusetts,  and  will  be  supplemented  with  an  electro- 
graphic  camera,  permitting  effective  use  of  the  telescope  in  the  pre- 
vailing nonphotometric  conditions.  A  novel  fast  spectrograph  is 
being  constructed  to  permit  lower-resolution  observations  of  fainter 
objects. 

As  of  July  1,  1976,  the  Smithsonian  discontinued  its  participation 

Science  I  155 


Architect's  rendering  of  the  Multiple  Mirror  Telescope  under  construction  on 
the  summit  of  Mount  Hopkins,  Arizona,  by  the  Smithsonian  Astrophysical 
Observatory  and  the  University  of  Arizona.  The  entire  structure  will  rotate, 
via  wheels  on  a  track,  with  the  telescope  during  normal  operations.  The  fa- 
cility is  expected  to  be  completed  by  the  fall  of  1977. 


in  the  operation  of  the  Boyden  Observatory  in  South  Africa  because 
the  remoteness  of  the  station  made  research  there  costly  and  ineffec- 
tive. New  locations  are  being  considered  for  Harvard's  Southern 
Hemisphere  Damon  patrol  cameras  that  have  been  at  Boyden. 

The  major  commitment  in  observing  facilities  is  at  Mount  Hop- 
kins, Arizona,  where  the  installation  of  the  Multiple  Mirror  Tele- 
scope has  begun,  in  collaboration  with  the  University  of  Arizona. 
The  Mount  Hopkins  complex  now  operates  on  a  reliable  commercial 
power  line  from  the  valley,  and  improvements  to  the  road  and  water 
system  continue. 

The  60-inch  telescope  was  refurbished  this  year,  with  recoating 
of  the  primary  mirror  (done  at  Kitt  Peak)  and  subsequent  use  of  the 
primary  in  testing  the  figure  of  a  new  secondary  mirror  (made  by 
the  University  of  Arizona's  Optical  Science  Center).  This  light- 
weight mirror  is  designed  for  infrared  work  and  is  now  mounted  on 
an  oscillating  support  designed  and  built,  together  with  its  drive,  at 
the  Center.  The  improved  system  allows  sky  subtraction  for  infra- 


156   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


red  photometry,  using  an  f/10  beam  up  to  2-arcmin  diameter,  a 
unique  capability  among  infrared  telescopes. 

During  fiscal  year  1976,  the  24-inch  telescope  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity of  New  York  at  Stony  Brook  was  brought  into  full  operation 
under  our  collaborative  arrangement.  Used  for  photometry  and 
spectroscopy,  it  is  being  designed  to  accept  instruments  from  the 
60-inch  telescope. 

The  Multiple  Mirror  Telescope  (mmt)  Program  jointly  carried 
out  by  the  University  of  Arizona  and  the  Smithsonian  Astrophysical 
Observatory  is  proceeding  at  a  satisfactory  pace.  The  optics  are 
essentially  complete,  and  the  active-optics  alignment  system  is 
nearing  completion,  with  both  tasks  undertaken  at  the  University 
of  Arizona.  The  final  subcontract,  for  actual  fabrication  of  the  opti- 
cal support  structure,  was  let  in  the  summer;  construction  and 
testing  should  be  complete  by  February  1977.  The  construction  of 
the  mmt  housing  is  proceeding  nearly  on  schedule,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Aeronutronic-Ford  Western  Development  Laboratories,  the 
prime  contractor  for  all  the  structural  mechanical  work.  The  pier 
and  foundation  are  complete,  and  the  bearing  support  and  yoke 
base  have  been  installed  by  the  Smithsonian.  Erection  of  the  hous- 
ing and  its  support  and  drive  system  will  take  place  during  the 
summer  and  early  fall,  allowing  for  the  completion  of  the  yoke 
installation,  under  shelter,  before  the  end  of  1976.  After  the  erec- 
tion of  the  optical  support  structure,  scheduled  for  February  1977, 
installation  of  the  optical  components  can  begin  and  should  be 
completed  during  the  spring  of  1977.  Serious  testing  and  provisional 
operation  of  the  telescope  should  take  place  during  the  summer 
of  1977. 

THEORETICAL  ASTROPHYSICS  DIVISION 

The  Theoretical  Astrophysics  Division  performs  research  in  a  wide 
range  of  astrophysical  topics,  with  theoretical  studies  often  applied 
to  the  support  and  interpretation  of  observational  data.  Members 
of  the  Division  frequently  work  in  collaboration  with  members  of 
other  divisions  as  well  as  with  scientists  in  other  institutions.  In 
addition,  they  contribute  substantially  to  the  educational  program 
of  the  Department  of  Astronomy. 

The  development  and  application  of  methods  of  quantum  me- 
chanics to  atomic  and  molecular  processes  continued,  as  did  studies 

Science  I  157 


A  delegation  from  the  Scientific  and  Technical  Association  of  the  People's 
Republic  of  China  visited  the  Center  for  Astrophysics  in  October  for  a  tour 
of  the  facilities  and  a  discussion  of  current  topics  in  astronomy  and  astro- 
physics. Dr.  Edmond  Reeves  (left)  describes  the  Harvard  spectroheliometer 
that  flew  aboard  the  Skylab  satellite.  (Harvard  College  Observatory  photo) 


on  the  role  of  atomic  and  molecular  processes  in  astrophysics.  A 
relativistic  generalization  of  the  random  phase  approximation  was 
developed  and  is  proving  to  be  a  powerful  new  tool  for  the  treat- 
ment of  elements  of  high  nuclear  charges. 

A  pulsating  white  dwarf  model  for  explaining  the  X-ray  pulsars 
was  devised,  in  which  the  pulsations  are  driven  by  nuclear  burning 
of  accepted  hydrogen  from  a  binary  companion. 

Similarly,  a  model  developed  for  the  formation  of  ob  stars  in  a 
molecular  cloud  suggests  that  an  ob  star  can  drive  an  ionization  and 
shock  front  into  a  molecular  cloud,  which  will  trigger  the  formation 
of  a  second  ob  star.  The  process  repeats  to  form  a  chain  of  ob  stars. 

Investigations  were  made  of  the  possible  noncosmological  pro- 
duction of  deuterium  and  other  light  elements;  of  the  spatial  dis- 
tribution of  galaxies;  of  the  propagation  of  acoustic  waves  in  stellar 
atmospheres,  with  particular  application  to  the  heating  of  the  low 
solar  chromosphere;  and  of  the  radiative  transfer  and  line  formation 


158  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


in  sources  with  spherical  geometry  and  with  velocity  fields. 

Studies  of  the  evolution  of  close  binary  stars  indicate  that  in  an 
early  phase  of  evolution  the  binaries  were  in  contact  and  may  have 
lost  a  substantial  amount  of  mass  and  angular  momentum  at  that 
time. 

The  growth  of  the  central  galaxy  in  a  rich  cluster  of  galaxies, 
due  to  its  accretion  of  other  cluster  galaxies,  was  studied.  Also,  a  va- 
riety of  scenarios  was  developed  to  describe  formation  of  a  large 
black  hole  in  a  globular  cluster. 

Studies  of  stellar  turbulence  driven  by  tidal  distortion  revealed 
that  tidally  induced  shear  probably  cannot  cause  turbulence  in  an 
otherwise  stable  star. 

The  unified  gauge  theory  of  weak,  electromagnetic,  and  strong 
interactions  was  used  to  study  neutrino-pressure  supernova  models. 


Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange,  Inc. 

The  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange,  Inc.  (ssie)  has  had 
another  year  of  growth  in  fiscal  year  1976.  Not  only  has  there  been 
increasing  recognition  of  the  importance  of  ongoing  research  infor- 
mation as  a  tool  for  the  management  and  planning  of  research,  but 
new  approaches  have  been  developed  to  make  ongoing  research 
information  in  the  ssie  data  base  more  readily  available. 

The  Exchange  sought  to  increase  the  comprehensiveness  and 
coverage  of  information  in  its  data  base  in  a  number  of  areas  of 
major  importance  to  the  national  interest.  Two  such  areas  were  in 
the  fields  of  cancer  and  energy  research.  New  sources  of  input  in 
both  these  fields  were  forthcoming  at  the  national  and  international 
level,  and  more  than  4,000  new  projects  were  added  to  the  system 
in  these  two  areas  alone. 

In  the  field  of  energy  research,  the  Exchange  prepared,  under  a 
National  Science  Foundation  grant,  the  first  directory  on  Informa- 
tion on  International  Research  and  Development  Activities  in  the 
Field  of  Energy,  which  was  published  by  the  National  Science 
Foundation.  Because  of  the  Exchange's  success  in  obtaining  input 
from  five  European  countries  and  Canada  this  first  year,  the  project 
has  been  extended  for  a  second  year,  and  arrangements  have  been 
completed   for   obtaining   information   from   three  new  countries, 

Science  /   159 


Sweden,  Denmark,  and  Israel.  The  possibility  of  adding  input  from 
other  foreign  countries  is  also  being  explored.  A  concerted  effort  has 
been  undertaken  to  obtain  new  national  energy  research  informa- 
tion from  nonfederal  organizations,  such  as  the  Electrical  Power 
Research  Institute  and  the  Petroleum  Research  Institute. 

Through  its  operation  of  the  Current  Cancer  Research  Project 
Analysis  Center  for  the  International  Cancer  Research  Data  Bank 
program  of  the  National  Cancer  Institute,  the  Exchange  has  in- 
creased its  data  base  of  information  about  ongoing  cancer  research, 
both  nationally  and  internationally.  The  program  is  particularly 
significant  not  only  in  terms  of  identifying  research  in  progress 
worldwide,  but  also  in  terms  of  the  Exchange's  output  products  and 
services,  which  are  distributed  by  the  National  Cancer  Institute 
to  scientists  in  this  country  and  abroad.  During  fiscal  year  1976,  the 
Exchange  prepared  eight  major  directories  of  cancer  research  and 
some  fourteen  special  listings  of  cancer  research  in  highly  specific 
subject  areas.  Copies  of  the  latter  were  made  available  to  research 
investigators  worldwide  whose  research  projects  appeared  in  each 
of  the  special  categories.  In  addition,  information  on  all  research 
projects  in  the  cancer  field,  registered  at  ssie,  were  made  available 
on-line  through  the  computer  facility  at  the  National  Library  of 
Medicine.  This  program  is  expected  to  continue  throughout  the 
coming  year  and  become  increasingly  valuable  as  more  research 
information  is  fed  into  the  data  base. 

During  the  year,  the  Exchange  began  preparing  a  quarterly 
directory  of  ongoing  research  information  in  toxicology  for  the 
Toxicology  Information  Subcommittee  of  the  Department  of  Health, 
Education  and  Welfare's  Committee  of  Coordinate  Toxicology  and 
Related  Programs.  The  directory,  published  quarterly  by  the  Na- 
tional Technical  Information  Service,  will  have  an  annual  cumula- 
tive index  covering  research  projects  indexed  throughout  the  year. 
The  response  to  the  project  was  enthusiastic  and  the  project  has 
been  continued  for  a  second  year. 

The  Exchange  also  continued  to  prepare  directories  for  publica- 
tion by  various  federal  agencies  in  Water  Resources  Research, 
Disaster  Related  Technology,  and  Dental  Research. 

In  1975  and  1976  the  Exchange,  with  the  support  of  the  National 
Science  Foundation,  began  to  develop  a  more  extensive  program  to 
identify  international  data  sources  of  ongoing  research  information 

160  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


which  could  be  of  major  importance  and  use  to  research  planners 
and  managers  in  various  scientific  fields.  As  a  part  of  this  effort, 
the  first  International  Symposium  on  Information  Systems  and 
Services  in  Ongoing  Research  in  Science,  sponsored  by  the  unisist 
program  of  unesco  in  collaboration  with  ssie,  was  held  in  Paris  in 
October  1975. 

The  Exchange  is  currently  preparing,  in  cooperation  with  the 
unisist  program  of  unesco,  a  directory  of  ongoing  research  systems 
worldwide  in  order  to  further  the  exchange  of  information  between 
developed  and  developing  countries.  Efforts  are  currently  underway 
to  identify  problem  areas  which  might  develop  as  actual  exchange 
of  scientific  information  between  countries  becomes  a  reality.  As  a 
follow-up  to  the  symposium,  the  unisist  program  expects  to  de- 
velop an  office  for  ongoing  research,  which  will  have  a  working 
group  of  international  experts  in  the  field  to  help  identify  and 
suggest  ways  to  resolve  problems  that  might  develop  in  the  ex- 
change of  information  between  countries.  In  addition  to  working 
with  unisist,  the  Exchange  is  currently  exploring  the  possibility  of 
bilateral  cooperation  with  several  countries,  including  the  leasing  of 
the  ssie  data  base,  exchange  of  information  in  selected  subject 
areas,  and  development  of  bilingual  indexing  terminology  to  facili- 
tate exchange  of  information. 


Smithsonian  Tropical  Research  Institute 

Many  people  living  in  temperate  regions  still  regard  the  tropics  as 
a  "green  hell"  of  steaming  jungles  inhabited  by  all  manner  of  fierce 
and  unfriendly  creatures.  Part  of  our  work  at  the  Smithsonian 
Tropical  Research  Institute  (stri)  is  to  correct  this  notion.  Our 
primary  concern  is  to  support  studies  that  will  help  to  place  the 
ecological,  evolutionary,  and  sociological  processes  occurring  in  the 
tropics  into  a  proper  perspective  relative  to  the  world  ecosystem. 
Just  as  we  have  found  that  events  in  the  temperate  regions,  such  as 
indiscriminate  use  of  insecticides  and  release  of  radioactive  at- 
mospheric pollutants,  produce  worldwide  effects,  so  we  can  expect 
that  destruction  of  tropical  forests  and  pollution  of  coral  reefs  may 


Science  I  161 


have  profound  and  as  yet  unpredicted  effects  on  the  earth's  weather 
and  ocean  productivity. 

The  tropics  contain  the  fastest  growing  segments  of  the  human 
population,  and  the  economic  aspirations  of  this  group  impinge  on 
natural  areas  in  ways  that  we  have  only  begun  to  understand. 

In  some  parts  of  Central  America  more  forests  may  exist  now 
than  existed  before  the  Spanish  exploration,  when  indigenous  popu- 
lations may  have  had  greater  acreage  under  cultivation;  in  other 
parts  of  the  new  world,  cutting  of  forests  is  proceeding  at  an  un- 
precedented rate.  In  tropical  rain  forests  of  the  Far  East,  plantations 
of  few  or  single  species  are  becoming  increasingly  popular.  Of 
course,  such  forests  are  more  vulnerable  to  pests  and  diseases,  and 
they  can  only  support  a  much-reduced  fauna  compared  to  the 
mixed-species  rain  forest  that  they  replace.  Tropical  rain  forests  are 
great  storehouses  of  animal  and  plant  species,  and  once  a  species  is 
removed  from  the  genetic  pool,  it  cannot  be  restored. 

stri  is  devoted  to  fundamental  research  on  tropical  organisms. 
Scientists  and  students  seek  to  learn  why  there  are  more  kinds  of 
animals  and  plants  in  the  tropics  and  how  they  divide  the  avail- 
able resources,  stri  is  engaged  in  a  wide  variety  of  studies;  how- 
ever, for  purposes  of  this  report,  the  focus  will  be  on  activities  in 
two  areas:  forest  ecology  and  certain  aspects  of  the  evolution  of 
aquatic  organisms. 

By  conducting  fundamental  research  on  the  reproductive  strate- 
gies of  plants,  ecologists  on  Barro  Colorado  Island  are  also  learning 
how  and  why  some  species  are  better  exploiters  of  new  openings 
that  appear  in  tropical  forests.  Clearings  of  various  sizes  appear 
both  naturally  and  through  human  activity.  Man  clears  forests  for 
farms,  roads,  dams,  etc.  Nature  provides  clearings  through  single 
treefalls,  storm-induced  clearings,  such  as  the  1.5  hectare  openings 
produced  on  Barro  Colorado  Island  in  1973;  or  most  spectacularly, 
the  hundreds  of  hectares  of  forest  that  were  scoured  away  by  the 
forces  of  an  earthquake  on  the  Colombia-Panama  border  last  June. 

Study  of  recolonization  under  natural  conditions  provides  the 
kind  of  data  needed  to  understand  the  processes  of  forest  develop- 
ment, succession,  and  persistence.  A  number  of  workers  at  stri  are 
looking  at  problems  related  to  plant  growth  and  success  in  the 
tropics. 

Egbert  Leigh  went  to  Malaysia  to  continue  his  comparison  of 

162   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


■V«* 


Iguanas  emerging  from  a  nest  on  Slothia  Island,  adjacent  to  Barro  Colorado 

Island  in  Panama. 


lowland  and  montane  rain  forests  around  the  world.  To  see  whether 
transpiration  (the  evaporation  of  water  through  the  stomates  of 
leaves),  which  brings  up  water  by  capillary  traction  from  the  roots, 
plays  an  essential  role  in  transporting  nutrients  to  the  tree  crown, 
he  visited  montane  forests  in  the  fog  belts  of  Costa  Rica  and 
Malaysia,  where  transpiration  is  much  reduced.  He  hoped  to  dis- 
cover whether  the  trees  had  adopted  forms  to  increase  transpira- 
tion rates  under  those  conditions. 

These  comparisons  are  part  of  a  program  instituted  by  Martin 
Moynihan  to  determine  how  typical  Barro  Colorado  is  of  the  wet 
tropics  around  the  world.  Analysis  indicates  that  the  ecological 
organization  of  Barro  Colorado  wood  and  leaf  production,  and  the 
spectrum  of  defenses  from  herbivores,  etc.,  seem  very  similar  to 
those  of  lowland  Malaysian  rain  forests,  as  revealed  by  the  ibp 
project  there. 

Mycorrhizae  are  specialized  plant  organs,  formed  by  the  associa- 
tion of  fungi  with  plant  roots,  which  absorb  minerals.  Almost  all 
plant  species,  including  many  crops,  can  form  the  vesicular- 
arbuscular  (vA)-type  mycorrhizae.  The  fungi  of  this  type  have 
extremely  broad  host  ranges,  and  are  obligate  root  inhabitants  that 
neither  grow  nor  reproduce  when  unassociated  with  host  roots. 

David  P.  Janos,  a  stri  postdoctoral  fellow,  is  developing  a  model 
of  the  interaction  of  va  mycorrhizal  fungus  and  plant  communities. 


Science  I  163 


Many  canopy  tree  species  are  dependent  on  mycorrhizae  for  growth. 
Plant  species  of  early  successional  communities  are  less  absolute  in 
their  requirement  of  mycorrhizae,  being  adapted  to  greater  varia- 
tion in  mineral  and  mycorrhizal  fungus  availability.  The  quantity  of 
mycorrhizae  formed  in  an  early  successional  community  affects  the 
availability  of  inocula  for  subsequently  colonizing  species.  A  reduc- 
tion of  mycorrhizal  fungus  populations  may  impede  return  to 
climax  forest. 

The  current  study  at  stri  is  concerned  first  with  learning  whether 
the  plant  community  composition  reflects  mineral  and  mycorrhizal 
inoculum  availability.  Several  successional  and  climax  species  are 
being  grown  with  different  additions  of  mycorrhizal  inocula  and 
mineral  nutrients.  The  more  dependent  species  are  expected  to  be 
incapable  of  growing  where  inocula  are  lacking,  although  this  in- 
capacity may  be  ameliorated  by  increased  mineral  availability. 
Second,  stri  scientists  are  trying  to  determine  whether  the  quantity 
of  mycorrhizae  formed  by  the  plants  in  a  community  affects  sub- 
sequent inoculum  availability.  Repetition  of  the  previously  de- 
scribed experiment  without  further  manipulation  of  mycorrhizal 
inoculum  will  answer  this  question. 

Robert  Silberglied  joined  the  biological  staff  in  January  1976. 
He  holds  a  joint  appointment  with  stri  and  with  Harvard  Uni- 
versity as  an  Assistant  Professor  of  Biology  and  Curator  in  Ento- 
mology at  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology. 

Silberglied  is  studying  the  function  of  color  and  pattern  in  insect 
communication  and  orientation.  Of  particular  interest  to  him  are 
the  spectacular  ultraviolet  reflection  patterns  found  on  the  wings 
of  certain  butterflies.  These  patterns,  visible  to  insects  (and  by 
photography)  but  not  seen  by  man,  are  characterized  by  some  of 
the  most  intense  and  spectrally  pure  colors  found  in  nature.  Since 
different  butterfly  species  that  appear  similar  to  us  often  have 
radically  different  ultraviolet  patterns,  and  since  the  sexes  within 
a  species  often  differ  from  one  another  in  this  respect,  there  is 
potential  for  an  elaborate  and  very  subtle  communication  system. 
By  changing  the  colors  of  living  butterflies  in  behavioral  experi- 
ments, Dr.  Silberglied  is  attempting  to  unravel  the  mysteries  of  this 
language  beyond  the  spectrum  visible  to  man. 

Dr.  Gene  Montgomery  has  also  joined  stri's  permanent  staff. 
Formerly  employed  by  the  National  Zoo,  Dr.  Montgomery's  re- 

164  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Phoebis  arganta  (Lepidoptera,  Pieridae)  photographed  with  visible  light  (left) 

and  ultraviolet  light  (right). 


search  interests  are  primarily  involved  with  the  ecology  of  tropical 
mammals  and  so  can  be  more  conveniently  pursued  at  stri.  An 
expert  on  the  radio-tracking  of  mammals,  Dr.  Montgomery  will 
continue  his  studies  of  anteaters  and  sloths  in  Panama  and 
Venezuela. 

In  an  effort  to  further  the  development  of  a  cooperative  program 
with  the  Charles  Darwin  Research  Station  in  the  Galapagos  Islands, 
Ecuador,  Messrs.  Rubinoff,  Rand,  and  Borges  visited  there  in  No- 
vember 1975.  Discussions  were  held  on  the  establishment  of  a  ma- 
rine laboratory  and  on  the  development  of  fellowships  to  encourage 
students  to  work  in  the  Galapagos.  Two  stri  scientists  went  to  the 
Galapagos  in  August  to  initiate  marine  studies.  D.  Ross  Robertson 
was  interested  in  the  problem  of  resource  partitioning  and  competi- 
tion between  damselfishes  and  surgeonfishes  on  coral  reefs.  In 
most  coral  reefs  of  the  world,  many  species  of  both  groups  are 
found,  but  in  the  Galapagos  only  one  species  of  surgeonfish  is 
found  as  opposed  to  six  species  of  damselfishes.  During  Mr.  Robert- 
son's short  trip,  the  patterns  of  spatial  distribution,  feeding  habits, 
and  interaction  of  these  fish  groups  with  the  marine  iguana  were 
examined.  The  only  marine  lizard  occurs  there,  and  it  is  a  herbi- 
vore probably  competing  with  the  fishes  for  food. 

From  October  through  December  1975,  Tyson  Roberts  conducted 
a  comprehensive  biological  survey  of  the  fishes  in  the  Fly  River 
basin,  one  of  the  largest  in  Papua  New  Guinea.  A  total  of  about 
twenty-five  families  and  eighty-five  species  was  obtained.  The  fish 


Science  I  165 


fauna  of  the  Fly  consists  almost  entirely  of  recent  invaders  from 
the  sea  or  those  forms  that  have  had  a  long  history  of  movement 
back  and  forth  between  marine  and  freshwater  habitats. 

In  June  a  workshop  met  on  Barro  Colorado  Island,  to  review 
knowledge  on  when  and  how  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  was  formed 
and  to  discuss  the  effects  of  its  formation  on  the  evolution  of  in- 
vertebrates, especially  mollusks  and  corals.  Special  attention  was 
given  to  possible  parallels  with  major  "crises"  earlier  in  the  fossil 
record,  such  as  those  resulting  in  extinctions  of  ammonites, 
mosasaurs,  icthyosaurs,  etc.  Mollusks  survived  better  on  the  Pacific 
side,  which  suffered  less  environmental  disturbance,  but  the  corals 
survived  better  in  the  Caribbean,  largely  because  of  trade-wind- 
induced  upwellings  of  deeper  nutrient-laden  waters  in  the  Pacific. 
Where  nutrients  abound,  algae  and  barnacles  smother  infant  corals. 
Long  absences  of  coral  reefs  are  found  in  the  fossil  record,  such  as 
in  the  early  Carboniferous  items  when  shoal  waters  were  probably 
richer  in  nutrients.  Had  this  condition  caused  kelp  beds  to  replace 
coral  reefs  as  they  do  in  colder,  more  nutrient-rich  waters  today? 

Drs.  Moynihan  and  Linares  left  for  Senegal  in  July  1976  for  a 
year  of  field  work.  Dr.  Moynihan  will  be  looking  at  the  behavior  of 
squirrels  and  cephalopods,  while  Dr.  Linares  will  be  revisiting  the 
Diola  wet  rice  cultivators  that  she  studied  in  1964. 

A.  S.  Rand  was  awarded  a  grant  from  the  National  Science 
Foundation's  United  States-Latin  American  Cooperative  Program 
to  investigate  the  role  of  malaria  in  the  fluctuations  of  the  popula- 
tions of  lizards  on  Barro  Colorado  Island.  These  population 
changes,  which  do  not  appear  to  be  caused  by  changes  in  food  or 
predator  abundance,  may  be  a  function  of  disease.  Co-investigator 
in  this  study  is  Steven  Ayala  of  the  Universidad  del  Valle,  Cali, 
Colombia. 

In  December,  the  second  annual  report  of  the  Environmental 
Sciences  Program's  Tropical  Studies  was  published.  Donald  Wind- 
sor was  the  editor.  This  computer-assisted  compilation  makes  pos- 
sible the  convenient  comparison  of  data  from  1973  and  1974  for  a 
number  of  parameters.  As  subsequent  volumes  accumulate,  more 
meaningful  comparisons  between  annual  fluctuations  in  environ- 
mental and  biological  variables  will  be  possible. 

The  short-term  fellowship  program  was  expanded  with  a  grant 
from  the  Exxon  Foundation.  Along  with  continued  support  from 

166  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


the  Henry  L.  and  Grace  Doherty  Foundation  and  the  Edward  John 
Noble  Foundation,  more  than  fifty  students  from  the  United  States, 
Panama,  Colombia,  Germany,  Great  Britain,  Belgium,  Chile,  Vene- 
zuela, and  Peru  were  provided  with  fellowships  to  begin  studies 
introducing  them  to  tropical  research. 

Interest  in  tropical  science  is  increasing,  judging  from  the  num- 
ber of  visitors  to  stri.  Over  1,700  scientists  and  students  from  39 
states  and  37  foreign  countries,  representing  over  180  universities 
and  other  institutions,  took  advantage  of  stri  marine  and  terrestrial 
facilities  in  the  last  fifteen  months. 


Science  I  167 


Her  Majesty  Queen  Margrethe  II  of  Denmark  with  Mr.  Marvin  Sadik,  Director 
of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  at  the  May  11,  1976,  opening  of  the  exhibi- 
tion "Christian  Gullager,  Portrait  Painter  to  Federal  America." 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 
HISTORY  AND  ART 


It  seems  fitting  that  the  Smithsonian's  Bicentennial  year  should 
have  turned  out  to  be  fifteen  months  long.  As  the  following  pages 
show  in  some  detail,  the  history  and  art  bureaus  of  the  Institution 
produced  an  array  of  exhibitions,  publications,  scholarly  tools  and 
educational  programs  that  could  scarcely  be  expected  to  fit  within 
the  confines  of  an  ordinary  twelve-month  year.  The  continuing 
encouragement  and  support  of  the  Congress  and  the  White  House, 
the  extraordinary  dedication  of  hundreds  of  members  of  the  Smith- 
sonian family,  the  cooperation  of  government  agencies  and  private 
institutions  and  individuals,  and  the  administrative  and  diplomatic 
skills  of  the  Institution's  Bicentennial  coordinator,  Susan  Hamilton, 
made  possible  a  program  worthy  both  of  the  Smithsonian  and  of 
the  great  occasion  we  celebrated. 

It  will  be  interesting  for  future  generations  to  compare  our  Bi- 
centennial celebration  with  the  Centennial  that  has  been  so  bril- 
liantly recaptured  in  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology's "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition"  in  the  Arts  and  Industries 
Building  on  the  Mall.  Perhaps  our  successors  will  see  fit  to  do  this 
at  the  time  of  the  Tricentennial,  in  an  exhibition  called  "1976," 
which  might  be  shown  in  the  nostalgic  setting  of  a  carefully  re- 
stored National  Air  and  Space  Museum. 

With  the  Bicentennial  year  drawing  to  a  close,  our  museums  and 
research  offices  look  forward  to  catching  up  on  some  of  the  impor- 
tant work  of  research,  collections  management,  and  sheer  mainte- 
nance that  has  necessarily  been  deferred  during  the  last  few  years. 
But  in  an  Institution  as  vital  and  imaginative  as  the  Smithsonian, 
that  does  not  mean  simply  a  return  to  business  as  usual — if,  indeed, 
that  phrase  can  be  said  to  have  any  meaning  at  the  Smithsonian. 


169 


The  inventiveness  of  our  directors,  curators,  and  other  specialists, 
the  farsightedness  of  our  Regents  and  Secretary,  and  the  interested 
participation  of  our  visitors  and  associates  throughout  the  country 
all  guarantee  that  the  Institution  will  continue  to  develop  in  response 
to  the  needs  of  the  time. 


Archives  of  American  Art 

As  a  research  bureau,  the  Archives  of  American  Art  serves  scholar- 
ship by  acquiring  and  preserving  the  documentary  records  needed 
by  art  historians  and  by  making  them  known  and  available  to  re- 
searchers. The  past  year  has  seen  an  unusual  degree  of  success  in 
each  of  these  endeavors. 

Through  the  activities  of  its  five  regional  centers,  the  Archives 
received  as  donations  357  collections  of  personal  papers  and  insti- 
tutional and  business  records.  One  of  the  larger  of  these,  the  papers 
of  Thomas  Casilear  Cole  and  his  family,  spans  a  two-hundred-year 
period  in  correspondence  and  diaries.  Other  collections  with  useful 
nineteenth-century  material  are  the  papers  of  the  sculptor  John 
Frazee,  the  engraver  James  Barton  Longacre,  the  painter  Francis 
D.  Millet,  and  the  dealer  J.  Eastman  Chase,  whose  records  include 
seven  Winslow  Homer  letters.  Two  important  groups  of  letters 
written  by  the  contemporary  sculptors  Alexander  Calder  and  David 
Smith  were  lent  for  microfilming,  as  were  the  records  of  the  early 
twentieth-century  abstract  painter  Arthur  Carles.  Particularly  use- 
ful series  of  letters  written  by  Bernard  Berenson,  Charles  Burch- 
field,  John  Steuart  Curry,  and  Stanton  Macdonald-Wright  were  also 
acquired  during  the  year.  Other  twentieth-century  artists  repre- 
sented by  substantial  collections  of  correspondence,  notes,  business 
records,  photographs,  and  clippings  are  Rico  Lebrun,  Philip  Pearl- 
stein,  Walter  Quirt,  Edward  W.  Redfield,  Judson  Smith,  and  Frank- 
lin Watkins. 

Artists'  papers  make  up  the  major  portion  of  collections  received, 
but  those  of  other  figures  in  the  art  world  are  often  of  equal  value. 
This  year  the  entire  corpus  of  records  of  the  art  historians  Robert 
Goldwater,  Millard  Meiss,  and  Wolfgang  Stechow,  the  curator  Sam- 
uel Wagstaff,  and  the  collector  Ferdinand  Howald  were  deposited 
in  the  Archives  or  lent  for  microfilming.  The  Lee  Nordness  Gallery 


170  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


aivllocrs  J^-^'JPcc^  Cars 


J  ^■'■•JPccAf  Cars  j         (         TT-      •      r>      i 


7 ■      /^L<r_     <£?   ^»-t^tft-^<f    (Sa^jSta^*.  i**^*^^^ 

Part  of  a  letter  from  the  early  nineteenth-century  sculptor  John  Frazee  to  his 
wife  Lydia  describing  his  first  ride  on  a  railroad  train.  Philadelphia,  May  18, 
1834. 


and  the  Finch  College  Museum,  both  significant  New  York  institu- 
tions, also  donated  their  records  to  the  Archives. 

A  supplementary  and  often  quite  useful  form  of  documentation 
is  the  tape-recorded  interview.  The  Archives  Oral  History  Program, 
established  nearly  twenty  years  ago,  conducted  taped  interviews  in 
1976  with  more  than  thirty  artists,  collectors,  historians,  and  mu- 
seum administrators,  including  particularly  fruitful  ones  with  James 
Flexner,  Al  Held,  Marcia  Marcus,  Roy  Neuberger,  Perry  Rathbone, 
and  Otto  Wittman. 

"A  library  in  disorder/'  Thomas  Jefferson  wrote,  "has  little  util- 
ity." The  observation  applies  to  an  archives  as  well,  and  much  of 
the  staff  work  of  the  Archives  of  American  Art  is  devoted  to  ar- 
ranging, cataloguing,  and  microfilming  the  collections  it  receives. 
During  this  year,  280  collections  were  catalogued;  2,350  catalogue 
and  index  cards  were  produced  and  distributed  to  each  of  the  re- 
gional centers;  and  164  rolls  of  film  were  completed  and  distributed. 

The  effect  of  this  activity  and  the  rising  scholarly  interest  in 
American  art  history  are  reflected  in  the   growing  use  made  of 


History  and  Art  I  171 


Archives  resources.  Research  visits  to  the  Archives  centers  by 
graduate  students,  curators,  and  scholars  totaled  2,760,  and  730 
rolls  of  microfilm  were  sent  out  on  interlibrary  loans  to  researchers 
in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Books,  articles,  exhibition  catalogues, 
and  dissertations  are  the  concrete  evidence  of  research  in  primary 
documentation.  Among  the  more  important  recent  ones  acknowl- 
edging assistance  from  the  Archives  are  full-length  books  on  Rock- 
well Kent,  William  Sidney  Mount,  Eadweard  Muybridge,  Grant 
Wood,  and  on  the  Dada  movement  in  New  York;  exhibition  cata- 
logues on  Peggy  Bacon,  Jervis  McEntee,  and  women  artists  of  the 
1930s;  and  dissertations  on  William  Zorach  and  on  the  Stieglitz 
circle. 

In  a  continuing  effort  to  reach  beyond  the  confines  of  pure 
scholarship  to  a  broader  audience,  the  Archives  organized  several 
exhibitions  of  documents  from  its  holdings.  "Artists  and  Models," 
installed  in  the  Archives  Gallery  made  available  by  the  National 
Portrait  Gallery,  opened  in  December.  A  traveling  exhibition  of 
letters,  sketches,  and  photographs  was  shown  in  Dallas,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  Cleveland  through  arrangements  made  by  the  Smith- 
sonian National  Associates  Program,  and  other  exhibitions  were 
prepared  in  connection  with  Bicentennial  art  shows  in  San  Fran- 
cisco, Detroit,  Cleveland,  and  Toledo.  Press  comments  and  public 
response  to  these  efforts  were  extensive  and  enthusiastic. 

Members  of  the  Archives  staff  delivered  thirty-five  lectures  and 
published  eight  articles  and  one  exhibition  catalogue  during  the 
year,  a  significant  increase  over  similar  activities  in  the  past.  They 
also  participated  in  seven  symposia  devoted  to  professional  and 
art  historical  subjects. 

Editorial  work  on  the  Archives  Bicentennial  project,  a  three- 
volume  bibliography  of  American  art,  was  completed  and  a  pub- 
lication date  in  1977  established.  The  Archives  of  American  Art 
Journal,  a  quarterly  publication  containing  articles  based  on  Ar- 
chives holdings,  reports  from  the  regional  offices,  and  listings  of 
recent  acquisitions,  continued  its  efforts  to  inform  the  scholarly 
community  and  provide  a  publishing  medium  for  those  actively 
engaged  in  research. 

The  Archives  exists  for  the  future  as  well  as  for  the  present,  and 
later  generations  of  scholars  will  expect  to  find  here  records  that 
throw  light  on  the  art  of  our  epoch.  In  meeting  its  responsibility  to 


172   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


posterity  the  Archives  regularly  acquires  collections  whose  signifi- 
cance and  historical  relevance  will  become  clear  only  as  time  goes 
on.  Such  groups  as  the  correspondence  of  David  Smith  and  Alex- 
ander Calder  are  now  of  obvious  importance,  but  early  letters 
written  by  a  then-obscure  Andrew  Wyeth  at  the  outset  of  his 
career  might  well  have  been  lost  if  his  dealer,  whose  name  is  hardly 
known  today,  had  not  preserved  them  and  eventually  offered  his 
gallery's  records  to  the  Archives. 


Cooper-Hewitt  Museum 

of  Decorative  Arts  and  Design 

The  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum,  the  Smithsonian  Institution's  Na- 
tional Museum  of  Design,  opens  to  the  public  on  October  7,  1976, 
in  the  renovated  Andrew  Carnegie  Mansion  at  2  East  91st  Street, 
New  York  City. 

The  Museum's  opening  exhibition,  "Man  Transforms,"  has  been 
designed  by  the  architect  and  industrial  designer  Hans  Hollein  of 
Vienna,  Austria,  working  with  a  team  of  international  designers, 
including  George  Nelson,  Richard  Meier,  and  Buckminster  Fuller 
of  the  United  States,  Ettore  Sottsass  of  Italy,  Oswald  Lingers  and 
Peter  Bode  of  Germany,  Arata  Isosaki  of  Japan,  Karl  Schlamminger 
and  Nadar  Ardalan  of  Iran,  and  Murray  Grigor  of  Scotland.  The 
exhibition  is  being  sponsored  by  the  Johnson  Wax  Company. 

A  series  of  twenty  satellite  exhibits  in  different  museums,  li- 
braries, and  universities  in  New  York  City  is  scheduled  to  coincide 
with  the  opening.  These  exhibits,  all  drawn  from  the  Cooper-Hewitt 
collections,  will  serve  as  a  reminder  to  New  York  of  the  rebirth  of 
one  of  the  oldest  of  the  city's  museums. 

The  Cooper-Hewitt's  drawings,  prints,  wallpapers,  textiles,  furni- 
ture, ceramics  and  glass,  and  library  are  being  installed  in  new 
surroundings  and  will  once  again  be  available  to  the  public  for 
study. 

The  Museum  is  offering  a  full  range  of  classes,  workshops,  lec- 
tures, weekend  seminars,  and  tours  for  the  autumn  semester,  begin- 
ning October  1976. 

In  cooperation  with  the  Book-of-the-Month  Club,  the  Museum 
is  preparing  a  series  of  volumes  on  antiques,  to  appear  in  1977. 


History  and  Art  I  173 


*  v  *  1 


?$  — 


Benefit  auction  in  progress  in  the  garden  of  the  Cooper-Hewitt  Museum   in 
May  1976.  All  objects  sold  had  been  donated  for  this  occasion. 


These  volumes  will  deal  primarily  with  the  collections  of  the 
Cooper-Hewitt  but  will  also  refer  to  collections  of  other  museums. 

A  third  benefit  auction  was  held  in  May  in  the  Museum  garden, 
and  approximately  $90,000  was  raised  from  the  sale  of  objects 
given  specifically  for  the  auction  and  from  a  dance  that  inaugu- 
rated the  viewing.  Several  benefit  lectures  and  small  exhibitions 
were  organized  by  the  departments  of  drawings  and  textiles,  and 
the  proceeds  from  these  events  were  contributed  to  special  con- 
servation and  purchase  funds. 

A  total  of  633  works  of  art  were  received  through  donation,  19 
were  purchased,  and  30  were  transferred  to  the  Museum;  the 
Cooper-Hewitt  participated  in  37  exhibitions  and  transferred  1 
work  of  art  to  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology  in 
Washington,  D.C.  and  4  to  the  Victoria  and  Albert  Museum  in 
London. 

The  Museum  received  major  grants  from  the  Johnson  Wax  Com- 
pany, Karastan  Rug  Mills,  Carnegie  Corporation,  Mr.  Henry  J. 
Heinz  II,  and  support  from  the  New  York  State  Council  on  the  Arts 
and  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Arts. 

Several  members  have  been  added  to  the  professional  staff. 
Elizabeth  Burnham  is  the  new  Registrar,  having  spent  twenty  years 


174  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


at  the  Museum  of  Modern  Art.  Jane  Clark  is  the  Program  Coordi- 
nator for  the  Education  Department  and  comes  to  the  Museum 
from  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Arts.  Brenda  Gilchrist,  for- 
merly of  Praeger  Publications,  is  on  a  one-year  assignment  as 
editor  of  publications. 


Freer  Gallery  of  Art 

In  observance  of  the  American  Bicentennial,  the  Freer  Gallery  of 
Art  assembled,  from  its  own  collections,  an  exhibition  entitled  "The 
Arts  of  Asia  at  the  Time  of  American  Independence."  The  exhibi- 
tion and  the  fully  illustrated  catalogue  were  arranged  in  three 
sections:  Arts  of  the  Ch'ing  Dynasty,  1644-1911;  Arts  of  the  Edo 
Period,  1615-1868;  and  Arts  of  the  Near  East  and  India.  Objects 
in  the  exhibition  were  selected  to  provide  insights  into  the  civiliza- 
tions of  the  Far  East,  the  Near  East,  and  India  during  the  period 
of  the  American  Revolution. 

Another  special  exhibition  was  prepared  for  Her  Majesty  the 
Empress  of  Japan,  who  visited  the  Freer  Gallery  of  Art  on  October 
2,  1975.  Her  Majesty,  who  is  an  amateur  artist,  specifically  asked 
to  see  a  number  of  outstanding  Japanese  and  Chinese  objects  in 
the  Freer  collection.  The  objects  were  placed  on  exhibition  and 
were  seen  by  Her  Majesty  during  her  visit.  Her  Majesty  viewed 
another  group  of  Far  Eastern  art  objects  in  the  study  areas  of  the 
Gallery. 

As  part  of  an  extensive  conservation  project — directed  toward  a 
forthcoming  major  exhibition  of  American  paintings  in  the  collec- 
tion— that  was  begun  during  fiscal  year  1975,  a  number  of  oil 
paintings  have  been  cleaned,  and  gilt  frames  requiring  repair  are 
being  restored. 

Harold  P.  Stern,  Director,  completed  a  catalogue  and  book  en- 
titled Birds,  Beasts,  Blossoms  and  Bugs,  the  Nature  of  Japan.  The 
volume  was  prepared  for  an  exhibition  selected  and  arranged  by 
Dr.  Stern  at  the  Frederick  S.  Wight  Art  Gallery  at  the  University 
of  California,  Los  Angeles. 

Members  of  the  curatorial  staff  contributed  to  the  first  volume 
of  the  Freer  Gallery  handbook  series.  The  initial  volume,  devoted 
to  a  selection  from  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  collections,  will  be 


History  and  Art  I  175 


\ 


A.    x 


Facing  page,  top.  Presentation  by 
Mr.  Toyosaburo  Taniguchi  of  his  gift  of 
Hokkai  paintings  to  the  Freer  Gallery 
of  Art,  April  20,  1976.  From  left  to  right 
are  Mr.  Edward  Noda,  Secretary  S. 
Dillon  Ripley,  Mr.  Toyosaburo  Taniguchi, 
Mrs.  William  Tanaka,  Dr.  Harold  P. 
Stern,  and  Mrs.  Mike  Masaoka.  Facing 
page,  bottom.  Her  Majesty  the  Empress 
of  Japan  with  Harold  P.  Stern,  Director 
of  the  Freer  Gallery  of  Art,  on  October 
2,  1975.  Above.  Takashima  Hokkai, 
Japanese  artist  (1850-1931).  Right. 
Japanese  painting  Moon  on  the  Lake, 
the  Austrian  Tyrol  by  Takashima 
Hokkai;  colors  on  silk;  hanging  scroll. 
Gift  of  Mr.  Toyosaburo  Taniguchi. 
Accession  No.  SC-PA-27. 


History  and  Art  I  177 


followed  by  studies  based  on  the  Near  Eastern  and  American  col- 
lections. This  first  handbook,  Masterpieces  of  Chinese  and  Japanese 
Art,  was  made  possible  by  the  generous  financial  support  of  the 
Weatherhead  Foundation,  Mr.  Richard  Weatherhead,  and  the  Na- 
tional Endowment  for  the  Arts. 

In  fiscal  year  1975,  the  Collection  acquired  a  number  of  impor- 
tant objects,  gifts  from  Mr.  Toyosaburo  Taniguchi,  Professor  Franz 
Michael,  Miss  R.  K.  Keith,  Mr.  Gordon  H.  Brown,  Mrs.  Marion 
Hammer,  Mr.  John  Thacher,  Dr.  Kurt  Gitter,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Reyn- 
olds, and  the  Estate  of  Edith  Ehrman.  Mr.  Taniguchi's  generous 
gift  to  the  Study  Collection  consisted  of  ninety-five  hanging  scrolls 
by  Japanese  artist  Takashima  Hokkai  (1850-1931).  The  scrolls  are 
part  of  a  suite  of  one  hundred  landscape  paintings,  entitled  Hokkai 
Sansui  Hyakushu.  Mr.  Taniguchi  presented  the  paintings  to  the 
Freer  Gallery  in  commemoration  of  the  American  Bicentennial. 
Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  accepted  the  paintings  from  Mr.  Tani- 
guchi at  a  luncheon  in  the  Gallery  on  April  20,  1976. 

The  Ellen  Bayard  Weedon  Foundation  again  presented  a  gener- 
ous gift  to  the  Gallery  for  library  acquisitions  in  the  oriental  field. 

During  the  year,  the  Freer  Gallery  sponsored  its  twenty-third 
annual  series  of  "Illustrated  Lectures  on  Oriental  Art." 


Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 

The  first  full  year  of  operation  of  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculp- 
ture Garden  witnessed  a  continuation  of  public  enthusiasm,  as  at- 
tendance equaled  that  of  the  inaugural  year  of  1974.  In  the  less 
than  two  years  since  its  opening,  over  three  million  people  have 
visited  the  Museum. 

This  interest  on  the  part  of  scholars,  artists,  collectors,  and  the 
general  public  has  also  been  evidenced  by  many  generous  offers 
of  works  of  art,  from  which  the  Museum  has  accepted  108  paint- 
ings, drawings,  illustrated  books,  and  sculptures.  These  gifts  enable 
the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden  to  continue  the  pol- 
icy of  its  Board  of  Trustees  in  expanding  the  existing  collections. 
In  addition  to  these  gifts,  the  Hirshhorn  Museum,  as  authorized 
by  its  Board  of  Trustees,  also  has  purchased  other  works  of  art  that 


178  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


&<*     ..>■-• 


Left,  Photograph  of  Raphael  Soyer  shortly  after  his  arrival  in  the  United  States 
in  1912.  Mr.  Soyer  is  one  of  the  artists  featured  in  the  Hirshhorn's  Bicenten- 
nial exhibition  "The  Golden  Door:  Artist-Immigrants  of  America,  1876-1976. 
(Photo  credit:  Raphael  Soyer)  Right.  Soyer's  Farewell  to  Lincoln  Square,  oil 
on  canvas,  1959.  (Photo  credit:  Joseph  H.  Hirshhorn  Foundation) 


add  depth  to  the  collection  and  maintain  the  Museum's  interest  in 
fine  examples  of  contemporary  creativity. 

A  meaningful  celebration  of  the  nation's  Bicentennial  was  a 
Museum  priority  in  1976.  The  combined  efforts  of  the  staff,  guided 
by  Curator  Cynthia  McCabe,  produced  the  exhibition  "The  Golden 
Door,  Artist-Immigrants  of  America:  1876-1976,"  a  selective  sur- 
vey of  the  immigrant-artist's  contribution  to  the  development  and 
expansion  of  American  culture.  The  comprehensive  432-page  cata- 
logue, which  contains  an  introduction  by  Dr.  Daniel  Boorstin,  Li- 
brarian of  Congress,  and  an  essay  by  Mrs.  McCabe,  includes 
detailed  information  about  the  exhibition's  content:  203  paintings, 
sculptures,  architectural  models,  drawings,  and  photographs,  rep- 
resenting 67  artists  who  immigrated  to  the  United  States  from  23 
countries.  In  addition,  the  catalogue  includes  a  one-hundred-year 


History  and  Art  I  179 


The  first  anniversary  of  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden  was 
celebrated  on  October  1,  1975.  Among  those  present  were  (left  to  right)  Mr. 
Joseph  H.  Hirshhorn;  Mr.  Abram  Lerner,  Director  of  the  Museum;  Vice  Presi- 
dent Rockefeller;  and  Mrs.  Hirshhorn. 


chronology  of  world  events,  immigration  legislation,  and  cultural 
history,  as  well  as  artists'  biographies  and  their  comments  concern- 
ing the  impact  of  immigration.  A  generous  grant  from  The  Thomas 
M.  Evans  Foundation,  New  York,  made  it  possible  to  enlarge  and 
enhance  this  significant  catalogue. 

Three  orientation  galleries,  featuring  pertinent  immigration  docu- 
ments, ship  lists,  photographs,  newspapers,  and  memorabilia, 
served  to  introduce  visitors  to  the  immigrant  experience  and  were 
made  possible  by  liberal  support  from  The  Balch  Institute  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  Balch  Institute  also  made  it  possible  for  the  Museum 
to  print  and  distribute  150,000  free  tabloid-format  information 
sheets  about  the  exhibition. 

Other  exhibitions  presented  by  the  Museum  were:   "Soto:  A 


180   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


■ 


»•!. 


^ 


\w  v 


The  third-floor  balcony  of  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 


Retrospective  Exhibition/'  September  25,  1975-November  9,  1975; 
"The  Sculpture  and  Drawings  of  Elie  Nadelman,"  December  18, 
1975-February  15,  1976;  "Artists,  Authors,  and  Others:  Drawings 
by  David  Levine,"  March  4,  1976-May  2,  1976;  "Thomas  Hart 
Benton:  The  Sources  of  Country  Music,"  June  28,  1976-September 
6,  1976;  "Homage  to  Joan  Prats,"  June  28,  1976-September  6, 
1976;  "Robert  Rauschenberg's  Stoned  Moon  Series,"  June  28, 
1976-September  6,  1976;  and  "John  Covert,  1882-1960,"  Septem- 
ber 16, 1976-November  14, 1976. 

On  October  14, 1975,  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Gen- 
eral Services  Administration,  the  Museum  installed  on  its  plaza  a 
reduced  version  of  Alexander  Calder's  53-foot  sculpture  Flamingo, 
created  for  the  Federal  Plaza  in  Chicago.  The  installation  was  spe- 


History  and  Art  I  181 


ii 


ft 


Dramatic  view  of  sculptures  by  Nadelman,  part  of  the  exhibition  "The  Sculp- 
ture and  Drawings  of  Elie  Nadelman/'  held  at  the  Hirshhorn,  December  19, 
1975-February  15,  1976. 


daily  designed  for  use  by  sightless  visitors  to  the  Museum.  The 
suggestion  for  the  smaller  version,  which  made  it  more  accessible 
to  the  touch,  came  from  various  organizations  for  the  blind  and 
was  approved  by  Mr.  Calder  and  the  General  Services  Adminis- 
tration. A  braille  plaque  described  the  sculpture  to  the  blind  visitor. 
An  official  ceremony  marked  the  unveiling  at  which  Mrs.  Gerald 
R.  Ford;  Mr.  Arthur  F.  Sampson,  Administrator,  General  Services 
Administration;  and  United  States  Senator  Jennings  Randolph 
(West  Virginia)  spoke  before  invited  guests  and  a  large  audience. 
Research  on  the  permanent  collections  continued,  with  archival 
material  being  sorted,  analyzed,  and  catalogued  in  a  master  file. 
Over  one  thousand  photographs  were  added  to  these  official  files. 
The  Museum  answered  579  research  inquiries  from  various  sources 
and  furnished  564  photographs  to  scholars,  publishers,  and  authors. 
The  Registrar's  office  catalogued  400  works  in  the  Museum  collec- 
tion (including  129  new  acquisitions)  and  added  newly  gathered 
data  to  the  computerized  catalogue  of  the  collection.  A  number  of 
practical  working  tools  were  developed   from  this   computer  file, 


182   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


including  artist  lists,  donor  lists,  retrieval  by  type  of  object,  store- 
room inventory  cards,  and  labels  for  photo  archive  files. 

With  its  large  collection  of  painting  and  sculpture,  the  Museum 
engages  in  an  active  program  of  lending  to  significant  exhibitions 
here  and  abroad.  Forty-two  loans  involving  one  hundred  works 
were  made  from  the  Museum  collection  to  other  institutions.  These 
loans  included  a  portrait  by  Robert  Delaunay  sent  to  the  Louvre, 
paintings  by  Willem  de  Kooning  and  Stuart  Davis  circulated  to 
Rome,  Bonn,  and  Eastern  Europe,  and  other  objects  lent  to  major 
museums  in  London,  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Atlanta,  San 
Francisco,  and  Los  Angeles.  Another  twenty-two  paintings  are  on 
loan  to  the  White  House. 

In  addition  to  this  regular  program  of  outgoing  loans,  two  ex- 
hibitions of  works  from  the  Museum  collection  were  circulated: 
"Sculptors  and  Their  Drawings,"  a  selection  of  twelve  sculptures 
and  twelve  related  drawings,  traveled  to  museums  in  Charlotte, 
San  Francisco,  Akron,  and  Middletown;  an  exhibition  of  twenty- 
seven  sculptures  by  Italian  artists  was  made  available  to  the  Mu- 
seum of  Fine  Arts  in  Richmond  and  the  University  of  Virginia  in 

Charlottesville. 

Seven  temporary  loan  exhibitions  and  three  smaller  exhibitions, 

drawn  from  the  Museum  collection,  were  held  during  the  year. 
These  exhibitions  included  over  400  works  borrowed  from  other 
museums  and  collections  and  150  from  the  Museum's  own  holdings. 
The  Education  Department  of  the  Museum  continued  to  inter- 
pret the  collection  to  a  diverse  public,  which  included  many  visi- 
tors from  abroad  during  the  Bicentennial  year.  The  docent  pro- 
gram continues  to  be  the  most  popular  educational  service  in  the 
Museum,  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the  Washington  metropolitan 
area.  During  the  fifteen-month  period  from  July  1,  1975,  through 
September  30,  1976,  102  docents  provided  tours  as  follows: 


Tour  Classification 

Elementary  School  Group 
Secondary  School  Group 
Adult  Group 
General  (unscheduled) 
Special  Exhibition 
Total 


Number 

of  Tours 

Participants 

168 

7,942  children 

162 

7,784  children 

245 

7,656  adults 

2,248 

33,436  adults/children 

333 

3,545  adults/children 

3,156 

60,363  adults/children 

History  and  Art  I  183 


The  docents  gave  approximately  ten  thousand  hours  of  volun- 
teer time.  To  augment  the  summer  schedule  during  the  Bicentennial 
year,  the  Department  trained  five  specialist-docents  to  interpret 
the  Bicentennial  exhibition  "The  Golden  Door,  Artist-Immigrants 
of  America:  1876-1976."  These  docents  were  especially  useful  dur- 
ing the  Museum's  first  evening  visiting  hours,  when  it  was  open 
until  9:00  p.m.,  April  through  Labor  Day. 

The  Education  Department  developed  a  manual  for  Museum 
volunteers  that  is  invaluable  in  the  training  and  supervision  of 
docents. 

As  part  of  the  Museum's  changing  exhibition  program  that 
began  in  September  1975,  the  Education  Department  prepared  spe- 
cial one-page  handouts  for  each  exhibition,  distributed  without  cost 
to  visitors.  Approximately  sixty  thousand  copies  of  these  handouts 
were  distributed  during  the  Soto,  Nadelman,  and  Levine  exhibi- 
tions. 

In  addition,  the  telesonic  guide  system,  which  serves  to  interpret 
selected  paintings  and  sculptures  in  the  permanent  collection,  was 
incorporated  into  the  Bicentennial  exhibition.  Thirty-eight  special 
tapes  were  created  for  this  purpose. 

The  auditorium  program,  begun  in  November  1974,  has  contin- 
ued with  a  weekly  three-part  film  series  and  a  monthly  program 
of  lectures.  The  film  series  features  documentaries  on  art  and  art- 
ists, as  well  as  avant-garde  and  experimental  cinema  and  a  special 
Saturday  series  featuring  works  in  animation  particularly  selected 
for  children.  From  September  1975  through  April  1976,  over  25,600 
persons  viewed  140  different  films.  Highlights  of  this  film  program 
included  premieres  of  many  new  films,  talks  by  artist-filmmakers, 
screening  of  works  by  sixteen  independent  filmmakers,  and  lectures 
on  film  as  an  art  form. 

The  monthly  lecture  series  featured  distinguished  professionals  in 
the  field  of  nineteenth-  and  twentieth-century  art.  Among  the 
speakers  in  this  program  were  Michael  Fried,  Peter  Plagens,  Douglas 
Davis,  John  I.  H.  Baur,  John  Hallmark  Neff,  David  Levine,  and 
Diane  Waldman.  The  eight  lectures  given  during  the  year  were 
attended  by  1,242  persons. 

The  Museum's  intern  program,  begun  last  year,  was  continued 
during  1976.  The  graduate  program  included  two  interns  who  were 
working  toward   their  master's   degree   in   art  history   at   George 


184   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


David  Levine,  self-caricature  drawn 
in  1968,  from  "Artists,  Authors,  and 
Others:  Drawings  by  David  Levine," 
an  exhibition  at  the  Hirshhorn  March 
4,  1976-May  2,  1976.  (Photo: 
Copyright  ©  David  Levine) 


Washington  University.  The  undergraduate  program  was  also  con- 
tinued during  the  summer  of  1976  and  included  four  interns,  who 
were  selected  from  a  total  of  215  applicants  from  colleges  through- 
out the  United  States. 

The  Photography  Department  concentrated  on  documenting  the 
permanent  collection  and  producing  slides  and  photographs  re- 
quired for  special  exhibitions.  Over  7,776  original  photographs 
were  produced  by  the  Department  through  September  1976.  The 
Department  also  answered  564  individual  photo  requests  during  the 
same  period. 

The  Conservation  Department  made  major  advances  toward  com- 
pleting its  modern  laboratory.  Some  three  hundred  objects  were 
treated,  twenty  requiring  major  treatments.  More  than  one  hundred 
examination  and  condition  reports  were  completed  in  connection 
with  the  ongoing  project  of  surveying  the  entire  collection.  The 
collection  of  outdoor  sculpture  was  cleaned  and  coated  to  help 
guard  against  harmful  atmospheric  conditions.  With  most  of  its 
equipment  now  installed,  the  laboratory  is  carrying  on  conservation 
activities  essential  to  the  physical  care  of  the  Museum  collection. 

The  Department  of  Exhibits  and  Design  mounted  a  total  of  four 
major  and  six  smaller  exhibitions.  Shown  were  groupings  of  works 


History  and  Art  I  185 


by  David  Smith,  Henry  Moore,  Robert  Rauschenberg,  Jose  de 
Creeft,  and  Ben  Benn,  as  well  as  a  selection  of  drawings  from  the 
permanent  collection  and  of  paintings  by  artists  of  the  San  Fran- 
cisco area. 

Major  exhibitions  installed  by  the  Museum's  Department  of  Ex- 
hibits and  Design  included  a  retrospective  of  works  by  the  Vene- 
zuelan artist  Jesus  Rafael  Soto,  which  originated  with  The  Solomon 
R.  Guggenheim  Museum,  and  a  retrospective  of  sculptures  and 
drawings  by  Elie  Nadelman,  which  was  presented  in  cooperation 
with  the  Whitney  Museum  of  American  Art.  The  Museum's  ex- 
hibition of  caricatures  by  David  Levine  will  tour  for  two  years 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhi- 
bition Service.  Especially  relevant  to  the  Smithsonian's  Bicentennial 
Festival  of  American  Folklife  was  the  exhibition  of  Thomas  Hart 
Benton's  mural,  The  Sources  of  Country  Music,  which  included  pre- 
liminary drawings  and  was  lent  by  the  Country  Music  Hall  of  Fame 
Museum.  An  exhibition  of  Stoned  Moon,  a  series  of  twenty-nine 
lithographs  by  Robert  Rauschenberg,  celebrated  the  opening  of  the 
new  National  Air  and  Space  Museum. 


Joseph  Henry  Papers 

On  February  6,  1976,  ceremonies  were  held  at  Princeton  University 
celebrating  the  publication  of  volume  two  of  The  Papers  of  Joseph 
Henry,  released  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Press  in  December 
1975.  Highlighting  the  activities  at  Princeton  were  the  opening  of 
an  exhibit  of  Henry  apparatus  and  documents,  prepared  in  part  by 
members  of  the  staff  of  the  Henry  Papers,  and  a  demonstration 
lecture  reproducing  Henry's  electromagnetic  experiments,  in  which 
some  of  Henry's  original  apparatus  was  used. 

Volume  two  of  The  Papers  of  Joseph  Henry  is  concerned  with 
Henry's  first  three  years  as  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  at 
Princeton  (1832-1835).  Documented  are  his  initial  contacts  with 
major  European  scientists,  Henry's  struggles  to  improve  the  quality 
of  the  scientific  program  at  Princeton,  his  continuing  experimenta- 
tion in  terrestrial  magnetism  and  self-induction,  and  his  early  asso- 
ciation with   Alexander  Dallas   Bache,   later   to   become   Henry's 


186  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


partner  in  remaking  American  science.  Reading  notes,  personal  and 
scientific  correspondence,  and  detailed  laboratory  notes  are  included 
in  the  volume. 

Research  and  editing  for  the  third  volume  of  The  Papers  of 
Joseph  Henry  have  proceeded  on  schedule.  Covering  Henry's  career 
through  mid-1838,  this  volume  will  document  both  his  professional 
and  personal  life.  The  core  of  the  volume  will  be  Henry's  diary  of 
his  first  European  trip  (1837).  Henry  observed  European  science, 
technology,  and  culture,  and  compared  them  to  their  American 
counterparts.  The  reader  will  view  Europe  through  the  eyes  of 
Henry  the  scientist,  exchanging  ideas  with  colleagues,  and  Henry 
the  tourist,  awed  by  the  sights  of  Europe. 

The  Henry  Papers  continues  to  participate  in  various  scholarly 
and  educational  activities.  The  nineteenth-century  seminar  pre- 
sented speakers  from  assorted  divisions  of  the  Institution.  The 
editor,  with  financial  support  from  the  National  Endowment  for  the 
Humanities  and  the  National  Science  Foundation,  organized  a  series 
of  sessions  on  "The  Sciences  in  America:  A  Bicentennial  Retro- 
spective," at  the  1976  meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  under  the  sponsorship  of  the  History  of 
Science  Society.  This  past  year  the  Henry  Papers  again  participated 
in  the  National  Historical  Publications  Commission's  fellowship 
program  in  Advanced  Editing  of  Documentary  Sources  for  Ameri- 
can History,  training  a  postdoctoral  fellow  in  the  techniques  of 
preparing  documents  for  publication. 


National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

What  has  art  meant  to  America  and  what  has  America  meant  to  art? 
These  questions  were  asked  by  one  of  the  National  Collection  of 
Fine  Arts'  major  Bicentennial  exhibitions,  "America  As  Art."  In- 
cluding 388  works  of  art,  many  never  before  shown  in  a  major 
national  presentation,  the  exhibition  was  organized  in  eight  distinct 
parts,  each  examining  an  aspect  of  the  relationship  between  Amer- 
ica and  its  art  and  culture,  from  the  late  eighteenth  century  to  the 
present.  Themes  ranged  from  "America  As  Symbol"  and  "The 
American  Cousin"  to  "Identity  from  Uniformity."  Accompanying 


History  and  Art  I  187 


"America  As  Art"  was  a  320-page  book  of  the  same  title  by  Joshua 
C.  Taylor,  with  an  additional  essay  by  John  Cawelti,  an  illustrated 
checklist,  and  a  study  manual. 

Calling  attention  to  more  contemporary  matters,  "Signs  of  Life: 
Symbols  in  the  American  City,"  an  elaborately  installed  show  at 
the  Renwick  Gallery,  set  out  to  explore  the  various  levels  of  mean- 
ing in  the  environment  we  have  built  for  ourselves.  Candidly 
looking  at  "The  Home,"  "The  Strip,"  and  "The  Street"  through 
photographs  and  full-scale  mock-ups,  "Signs  of  Life"  pointed  out 
the  human  values  underlying  much  that  is  overlooked  in  conscious 
efforts  at  environmental  design.  The  exhibition,  produced  by  the 
architectural  firm  of  Venturi  and  Rauch,  in  close  association  with 
the  staff,  provoked  wide  discussion  in  the  national  press. 

As  a  foundation  for  future  work  in  the  history  of  American  art, 
on  July  6  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts  (ncfa)  opened  to  the 


Left.  "The  Strip"  section  in  "Signs  of  Life:  Symbols  in  the  American  City" 
exhibition  at  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts'  Renwick  Gallery,  February 
26-October  31,  1976.  Right.  Louise  Hellstrom  by  Peggy  Bacon  from  the  exhi- 
bition "Peggy  Bacon:  Personalities  and  Places,"  shown  at  the  National  Col- 
lection of  Fine  Arts,  December  5,  1975,  through  February  8,  1976. 


scholarly  public  its  Bicentennial  Inventory  of  American  Paintings 
Executed  before  1914,  an  event  marked  by  a  small  explanatory 
exhibition.  This  project  was  begun  in  1971  to  locate  and  record 
works  from  across  the  nation,  with  particular  concern  for  those 
never  before  recorded.  With  the  aid  of  individuals  and  local  com- 
mittees throughout  the  country,  153,000  paintings  were  filed  on 
the  computer  by  the  time  the  Inventory  was  opened  for  use,  and 
an  image  file  recording  35,000  works  was  established.  A  guide  to 
the  Inventory,  outlining  its  contents  and  describing  its  nature  and 
use,  was  published  in  August.  Since  its  opening,  entries  have  con- 
tinued to  expand  the  Inventory's  listings,  and  scholars  have  been 
quick  to  utilize  its  information. 

As  a  further  Bicentennial  contribution  to  the  understanding  of 
American  art,  the  ncfa  mounted  the  first  comprehensive  exhibition 
of  works  by  the  nineteenth-century  painter  Emanuel  Leutze  and 
published  a  catalogue  raisonne  of  Leutze's  known  works,  compiled 
by  Dr.  Barbara  Groseclose.  The  study  revealed  him  to  be  a  painter 
of  great  skill  and  national  pride,  who  deserves  to  be  remembered 
for  more  than  his  Washington  Crossing  the  Delaware.  Throughout 
the  summer,  "1876:  American  Art  of  the  Centennial,"  a  small  but 
representative  exhibition  of  works  actually  shown,  or  similar  to 
those  exhibited  in  the  art  section  of  the  Philadelphia  exposition 
of  1876,  provided  an  opportunity  to  look  back  at  the  complexities 
that  characterized  art  in  that  important  year.  The  exhibit  was  or- 
ganized by  Dr.  Susan  Hobbs. 

In  addition  to  exhibitions  related  to  the  Bicentennial  celebration, 
the  ncfa  produced  fourteen  exhibits  that  continued  its  policy  of 
investigating  often  neglected  aspects  or  little  studied  assumptions 
of  American  art.  The  delightful  and  incisive  work  of  Peggy  Bacon, 
well  known  since  the  1920s  but  sometimes  overlooked  by  those 
more  interested  in  the  avant-garde,  was  presented  by  the  Depart- 
ment of  Prints  and  Drawings  in  an  exhibition  of  192  paintings, 
prints,  drawings,  and  pastels.  A  166-page  publication,  with  an  essay 
by  Dr.  Roberta  Tarbell  and  a  complete  catalogue  of  Miss  Bacon's 
prints,  accompanied  the  exhibition.  In  cooperation  with  the  artist's 
family,  Janet  Flint,  Curator  of  Prints  and  Drawings,  organized  a 
major  exhibition  and  catalogue  of  prints  by  Louis  Lozowick,  an 
artist  of  the  1920s  and  1930s  who  in  his  theoretical  writings  and 


History  and  Art  I  189 


works  of  art  celebrated  technology  and  the  American  city.  Lozo- 
wick's  paintings  were  also  featured  in  "Urban  Optimism/'  the  sec- 
tion of  "America  As  Art"  that  dealt  with  the  urban  ideal  of  the 
Twenties.  Mrs.  Flint  also  organized  an  exhibition  and  wrote  a  criti- 
cal essay  on  the  contribution  of  George  Miller,  the  master  printer 
who  almost  single-handedly  provided  a  generation  of  American 
artists  with  the  technical  expertise  to  produce  lithographs  of  artistic 
quality.  An  especially  provocative  exhibition  was  that  of  the  color- 
ful works  of  Bob  Thompson  (1937-1966),  organized  by  Adelyn 
Breeskin.  Though  cut  off  early  in  his  career,  Thompson  made  his 
mark  as  a  distinctive  personality  in  American  art. 

Of  particular  importance  in  the  reassessment  of  recent  art  was 
"Sculpture:  American  Directions,  1945-1975,"  assembled  by  Wal- 
ter Hopps,  which  traveled  to  Dallas  and  New  Orleans  after  its  show- 
ing in  Washington.  Concentrating  on  variety  in  process  and  content, 
the  exhibition  provided  a  picture  of  the  range  and  power  of  Ameri- 
can sculpture  over  the  past  thirty  years.  "Images  of  an  Era:  The 
American  Poster,  1945-1975,"  an  extensive  exhibition  prepared  by 


190   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Left.  Partial  view  of  the  exhibition 
"Sculpture:  American  Directions, 
1945-1975"  at  the  National 
Collection  of  Fine  Arts,  October 
10-November  11,  1975.  Right.  His 
Excellency  Jose  C.  Cardenas  (left), 
the  Ambassador  from  Ecuador, 
with  Dr.  Joshua  C.  Taylor, 
Director  of  the  National  Collection 
of  Fine  Arts,  at  the  opening  of 
the  exhibition  "Americas:  The 
Decorative  Arts  in  Latin  America 
in  the  Era  of  the  Revolution." 


the  Office  of  Exhibitions  Abroad  (oea),  was  shown  throughout  the 
United  States  and  has  been  sent  abroad  for  extended  tour.  The 
exhibition  is  accompanied  by  a  handsomely  illustrated  publication. 
Also  originated  under  oea  were  "Variations  on  the  Camera's  Eye," 
a  selection  of  contemporary  works  that  traveled  through  South 
America,  and  an  exhibition  of  American  quilts,  shown  in  Europe. 

The  impact  of  commercial  and  industrial  design  on  our  daily  lives 
is  rarely  noted.  In  the  Renwick  Gallery's  retrospective  exhibition  of 
the  designs  of  Raymond  Loewy,  the  influence  of  one  man's  sense 
of  design  was  impressive.  From  the  first  streamlined  locomotive  to 
a  recent  oil  company  sign,  Loewy  taught  a  whole  generation  to  see 
design  in  his  special  way.  Of  very  different  character  were  the  de- 
signs of  Arne  Jacobsen,  presented  at  the  Renwick  in  an  exhibition 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Embassy  of  Denmark.  In  marked  con- 
trast to  the  works  of  these  designers  for  industry  were  the  works 
by  American  craftsmen  featured  in  the  Renwick's  exhibition,  "Craft 
Multiples."  Each  crafted  object  shown  had  to  be  producible  in  sets 
of  at  least  ten  without  losing  its  individual  quality.  Accompanied 


History  and  Art  I  191 


by  a  well-illustrated  publication,  the  exhibit  began  a  two-year  tour 
of  smaller  cities  in  the  United  States  after  its  Washington  showing. 

The  public  rarely  has  access  to  the  operations  that  support  the 
varied  activities  of  the  ncfa,  so  an  exhibition,  "Behind  the  Scenes/' 
was  organized  by  interns  working  under  the  Department  of  Edu- 
cation to  allow  the  visitor  an  insight  into  the  organization  and 
support  necessary  to  care  for  works  of  art  and  to  prepare  carefully 
designed  and  documented  exhibitions  for  the  public.  The  creative 
process  in  developing  a  large-scale  work  was  dramatically  described 
in  ".  .  .  And  There  Was  Light:  Studies  by  Abraham  Rattner  for 
the  Stained  Glass  Window,  Chicago  Loop  Synagogue."  Both  of 
these  exhibitions  were  presented  in  the  Education  Department's 
"Discover  Gallery,"  which  is  devoted  to  such  informative  and 
visually  exciting  exhibitions. 

During  the  year,  507  works  were  added  to  the  collection,  includ- 
ing a  luminous  landscape  painting  by  Thomas  Doughty  signed  in 
1833,  and  William  Sonntag's  unusually  dramatic  Mountain  Land- 
scape of  1854.  Among  other  important  eighteenth-  and  nineteenth- 
century  works  acquired  were  the  portrait  of  General  Giles  by 
Joseph  Wright,  Robert  Loftin  Newman's  Flight  into  Egypt,  and 
Erastus  Dow  Palmer's  sculpture  June.  Several  works  were  acquired 
that  were  featured  in  exhibitions,  including  Seymour  Lipton's 
sculpture  The  Defender,  Bob  Thompson's  Two  Figures,  and  Louis 
Lozowick's  drawing  Stage  Setting  for  Gas.  With  matching  funds 
from  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Arts,  several  major  works 
were  added  to  the  collection  of  the  Department  of  Prints  and 
Drawings,  including  Jim  Dine's  Five  Paint  Brushes,  Robert 
Rauschenberg's  Treaty,  and  Claes  Oldenberg's  Pile  of  Erasers.  The 
Woodward  Foundation  made  a  generous  gift  of  193  contemporary 
works  to  the  Collection. 

Staff  activity  and  participation  in  professional  organizations  have 
grown  steadily  over  the  years  as  the  ncfa  has  been  increasingly 
looked  to  for  leadership  among  those  especially  interested  in  Ameri- 
can art.  William  Walker,  Librarian  of  the  National  Collection  of 
Fine  Arts  and  the  National  Portrait  Gallery,  was  elected  chairman  of 
the  Art  Libraries  Society  of  North  America,  and  several  staff  mem- 
bers were  elected  to  local  art  councils.  Several  members  of  the  staff 
served  as  judges  in  competitions  of  national  stature.  The  staff  took 
an  active  part  in   the  71st  Annual  Conference  of  the  American 

192  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Association  of  Museums.  Among  others,  Val  Lewton  and  David 
Keeler  met  with  participants  to  explain  the  ncfa's  attitude  toward 
the  design  of  exhibitions,  and  association  members  were  introduced 
to  the  methods  used  by  the  Education  Department  for  improvisa- 
tional  tours  and  other,  more  general,  uses  of  the  collections  that 
have  come  to  be  emulated  in  numerous  museums  throughout  the 
nation.  Staff  members  of  the  Conservation  Laboratory,  the  Library, 
and  the  Bicentennial  Inventory  of  American  Paintings  conducted 
tours  and  sessions.  Robin  Bolton-Smith,  Associate  Curator  of 
Eighteenth  and  Nineteenth  Century  Painting  and  Sculpture,  who 
organized  a  loan  exhibition  of  early  American  miniatures  in  the 
ncfa's  Doris  M.  Magowen  Gallery  of  Portrait  Miniatures,  delivered 
a  lecture  on  American  miniatures  to  the  Sixth  Annual  Symposium 
on  American  Art.  This  event  was  co-sponsored  by  the  ncfa  and 
the  University  of  Delaware. 


National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 

The  impressive  commitment  of  the  National  Museum  of  History 
and  Technology  to  mount  nine  exhibitions  in  honor  of  the  nation's 
Bicentennial  reached  a  magnificent  climax  in  fiscal  year  1976,  with 
the  opening  of  five  exhibitions,  including  two  of  unprecedented  size: 
"1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition"  and  "A  Nation  of  Nations."  Two 
others,  "Suiting  Everyone"  and  "We  The  People,"  were  opened 
last  year  and  two,  "Belgian  Gunmaking  in  American  History"  and 
"Person  to  Person,"  remain  to  be  opened  in  the  final  months  of 
this  calendar  year.  These  varied  and  ambitious  exhibitions  culminate 
a  period  of  more  than  six  years  of  planning  and  preparation.  Dur- 
ing much  of  this  time  staff  members  redirected  their  activities,  some 
in  part  and  others  totally,  from  their  usual  pursuits  to  an  extraordi- 
nary concentration  upon  exhibition-related  work.  This  mammoth 
endeavor  resulted  in  nearly  125,000  square  feet  of  exhibits  in  which 
over  38,000  objects  are  displayed. 

The  largest  of  all  the  exhibits  is  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition," 
a  recreation  of  the  spirit  of  the  great  Philadelphia  exposition  of 
1876,  which  occupied  274  acres  and  some  40  buildings  in  Fairmount 
Park.  Using  the  entire  exhibition  area  of  54,000  square  feet  in  the 
Arts    and    Industries    Building,    this    exhibit    utilized    more    than 

History  and  Art  I  193 


25,000  objects,  some  of  them  originally  displayed  at  Philadelphia. 
Amid  great  enthusiasm,  it  was  officially  opened  by  Chief  Justice 
Warren  Burger  and  Secretary  Ripley  at  twelve  noon,  May  10,  the 
exact  anniversary  of  the  opening  of  the  original  exposition. 

A  large  proportion  of  the  staff  contributed  to  this  enormous  effort. 
Designed  by  William  A.  Miner  of  the  Museum's  Office  of  Exhibits, 
the  exhibition  catches  the  enthusiasm  and  ebullience  of  one  hundred 
years  ago.  Robert  Vogel,  Chairman  of  the  Department  of  Science 
and  Technology,  served  as  chairman  of  the  curators  who  developed 
the  content  and  collections.  Robert  C.  Post,  nmht  Historian,  served 
on  the  curatorial  committee  and  as  editor  of  the  handsome  publi- 
cation produced  for  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition" — a  volume 
consisting  of  more  than  forty  essays  by  members  of  the  Museum 
staff  and  others,  and  almost  350  illustrations.  Also  accompanying 
the  exhibit  is  a  film  planned  for  television  presentation,  as  well  as 
for  viewing  in  the  Smithsonian,  entitled  Celebrating  a  Century.  This 
film  vividly  recreates  the  dream  and  achievements  of  a  few  Phila- 
delphians  who  successfully  carried  the  exposition  through  its  many 
vicissitudes  and  made  it  a  major  event  of  the  century.  The  script, 
written  by  Benjamin  W.  Lawless,  Assistant  Director  for  Exhibits, 
was  produced  by  the  Film  Unit  of  Smithsonian  Exhibits  Central, 
under  the  direction  of  Karen  Loveland.  It  was  funded  by  the 
Museum  and  the  National  Science  Foundation. 

As  in  the  original  fair,  machinery  and  technology  dominate  the 
present  exhibit.  Nearly  all  of  the  machines  had  to  be  restored  and 
brought  back  to  working  condition.  Several  operating  machine 
steam  engines  are  set  in  motion  regularly  to  run  woodworking  and 
metalworking  machinery  and  an  early  Otis  elevator.  Indeed,  motion 
highlights  this  exhibition.  One  display  provides  a  selection  of  early 
powered  fans,  another  a  rotating  lighthouse.  A  sparkling  Baldwin 
locomotive  and  several  carriages  are  featured,  and  many  varieties  of 
tools,  implements,  and  scientific  instruments  appear,  as  well  as 
inventions  of  the  day  ranging  from  the  fluting  iron  to  the  tele- 
phone. From  time  to  time,  some  of  the  musical  instruments  are 
demonstrated. 

A  sense  of  the  foreign  exhibits  that  were  sent  to  Philadelphia  is 
conveyed  in  the  series  of  national  pavilions,  while  the  flavor  of  the 
states'  participation  can  be  found  in  the  individual  bays  present- 
ing some  of  the  states.  One  of  the  most  notable  presentations — dis- 

194   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Above.  Ninety-foot-high   rotunda 
of  the  Arts  and  Industries  Build- 
ing showing  part  of  the  National 
Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology's exhibition  "1876:  A 
Centennial   Exhibition."   Right. 
Katherine  Dirks  and  Howard 
Hoffman  at  work  on  the  51-foot 
model  of  the  U.S. 5.  Antietam,  a 
prominent  feature  of  that  exhibi- 
tion. (Credit  both  photos:  Robert 
C.  Lautman) 


plays,  products,  and  efforts  by  women — is  housed  in  a  recreation  of 
the  separate  building  that  was  erected  for  that  purpose  in  1876. 
The  dominant  feature  in  the  government  wing  of  the  exhibit  is  the 
51-foot  model  of  the  U.S.S.  Antietam.  This  model  was  actually 
displayed  at  Philadelphia  and  thereafter  used  at  the  Naval  Academy 
for  training  in  handling  sailing  ships.  Restoration  to  its  original 
appearance  required  a  very  tedious  and  time-consuming  project  of 
making,  fitting,  and  rigging  sails. 

"A  Nation  of  Nations,"  an  exhibition  that  made  comparable 
demands  upon  the  staff,  was  opened  on  June  9  after  many  years  of 
planning  and  development.  Occupying  nearly  half  of  the  entire 
second  floor  of  the  Museum,  the  exhilarating  story  of  the  transfer 
of  peoples  and  cultures  to  America  is  told  in  terms  of  objects. 
Throughout,  items  displayed  are  identified  with  the  national  and 
ethnic  groups  that  used  them. 

The  exhibit  introduces  the  theme  by  showing  evidences  of  the 
first  migrants,  the  Indians,  who  themselves  became  a  complex  of 
nations,  and  by  showing  the  remarkable  diversity  already  present 
when  the  United  States  proclaimed  its  independence.  Four  major 
periods  are  developed:  (1)  the  settling  of  the  country  by  English- 
speaking  peoples  on  the  one  hand  and  a  great  diversity  of  nations 
on  the  other;  (2)  the  persistence  of  old  patterns  in  the  new  land; 
(3)  the  sharing  of  experiences,  in  which  new  Americans  partici- 
pated in  common  efforts  without  giving  up  their  own  cultural  heri- 
tage; and,  finally  (4)  a  nation  among  nations  that  lives  in  instant 
communication  with  the  rest  of  the  world. 

The  exhibit  features  fine  examples  of  a  great  number  of  objects 
of  everyday  use  and  some  very  large  items,  among  them  a  rotating 
windmill  and  a  log  gristmill  from  New  Mexico  powered  by  a  hori- 
zontal waterwheel.  Several  striking  interiors  include  an  early 
New  England  kitchen,  an  early  twentieth-century  urban  school 
room,  a  World  War  II  barracks,  and  a  twentieth-century  Italian- 
American  home.  An  operating  pencilmaking  machine  and  an 
operating  amateur  radio  station  in  actual  contact  with  the  rest  of 
the  world  are  demonstrated  periodically. 

This  exhibition  was  planned  and  developed  by  a  committee  of 
staff  members  under  the  leadership  of  Carl  H.  Scheele,  Curator 
of  Postal  History;  throughout  preparation,  the  resources  of  the  en- 
tire Museum  were  crucial.   The  design   was  by   Chermayeff   and 

196   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


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Visitors  to  the  exhibition  "A  Nation  of  Nations"  saw  this  unique  collection  of 
ethnic-food  neon  signs  from  various  American  stores  and  restaurants,  includ- 
ing one  from  Goldberg's  Pizza  on  2nd  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


Geismar  Associates.  Peter  C.  Marzio,  Associate  Curator  of  Graphic 
Arts  and  Printing,  edited  a  696-page  accompanying  volume  en- 
titled A  Nation  of  Nations,  an  illustrated  collection  of  more  than 
thirty  topical  essays,  most  of  them  by  staff  members  who  partici- 
pated in  building  the  exhibit. 

One  of  the  smaller  exhibitions,  "American  Banking/'  was  made 
possible  by  the  support  of  the  American  Banking  Association.  It 
represents  the  first  major  attempt  in  the  museum  world  to  illustrate 
the  story  of  American  banking  and  credit  and  related  services  from 
the  nation's  beginning  to  the  present.  A  supplemental  history  of  the 
American  banking  system,  entitled  American  Banking,  was  written 
by  the  Curators  of  Numismatics,  Elvira  and  Vladimir  Clain-Stefa- 
nelli,  who  also  had  planned  the  exhibition. 

Two  other  exhibits,  although  small,  are  especially  notable  in 
bringing  to  this  country  for  the  first  time  great  treasures  held  in 
other  nations.  "Columbus  and  His  Time"  presented  many  of  the 


History  and  Art  I  197 


The  exhibition  "Columbus  and  His  Time,"  which  opened  June  3,  1976,  con- 
tained many  treasures  and  rare  documents  from  Spain  relating  to  Columbus. 
Especially  notable  was  the  great  map  drawn  in  1500  on  oxhide  by  Juan  de  la 
Cosa,  navigator,  geographer,  and  master  of  the  Santa  Maria  on  Columbus's 
first  voyage. 


state  documents  and  relics  relating  to  Christopher  Columbus  and 
his  voyages  of  discovery.  Carried  through  by  Silvio  A.  Bedini, 
Deputy  Director  of  the  Museum,  the  project  necessitated  his  on-site 
search  of  repositories  throughout  Spain,  where  most  of  the  objects 
had  remained  for  as  long  as  five  hundred  years.  Securing  the  neces- 
sary loan  agreements  for  a  number  of  these  materials  required  a 
heroic  effort  coordinated  by  the  Instituto  de  Cultura  Hispanica  in 
Madrid,  the  Spanish  Ministry  of  Foreign  Relations,  and  the  personal 
intercession,  again  and  again,  of  King  Juan  Carlos  himself.  Perhaps 
the  most  spectacular  of  the  treasures  is  the  great  map  of  Juan  de  la 
Cosa,  produced  in  1500,  in  which  the  new  world  discovered  by 
Columbus  was  delineated  for  the  first  time.  Critical  documents  re- 
lating to  the  voyage,  weapons  and  armor  of  the  period,  and  even 
books  with  Columbus's  own  notes  are  included.  Portraits  of  Colum- 
bus and  Queen  Isabella  and  the  great  retablo  of  the  Virgin  Protec- 
tress of  Seafarers  from  the  Reales  Alcazares  in  Seville  are  remark- 
able pieces.  The  exhibit  was  opened  formally  by  King  Juan  Carlos 
and  Queen  Sophia  on  their  visit  to  Washington,  June  3,  1976. 

The  visit  to  the  Smithsonian  by  Queen  Elizabeth  II  was  com- 
memorated by  a  smaller,  jewellike  display  of  twenty-five  of  the 


198  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


original  anatomical  drawings  by  Leonardo  da  Vinci  from  the 
Queen's  personal  collection  in  Windsor  Castle.  Because  the  draw- 
ings had  been  bound  into  volumes,  this  was  the  first  time  they 
could  be  viewed  side  by  side  in  context  with  one  another.  Although 
displayed  for  only  one  month,  the  exhibition  drew  scholars  and 
students  of  medicine,  anatomy,  and  painting  from  all  over  the 
country.  It  was  opened  on  July  2,  1976,  by  Sir  Robin  Mackworth- 
Young,  Royal  Librarian  and  Keeper  of  the  Queen's  Archives. 

The  Museum's  public  presentations  were  not  limited  to  exhibi- 
tions. The  Division  of  Musical  Instruments  produced  two  record- 


Above.  Original  anatomical  drawings  by  Leonardo  da  Vinci  from  the  personal 
collection  of  Queen  Elizabeth  II  were  on  display  in  the  National  Museum  of 
History  and  Technology,  July  2-August  1,  1976.  Silvio  A.  Bedini,  Deputy 
Director  of  the  Museum,  (left  to  right)  and  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  greet 
Sir  Robin  Mackworth-Young,  Royal  Librarian  and  Keeper  of  the  Queen's 
Archives.  Below.  Mrs.  Malcolm  Fraser,  wife  of  the  Prime  Minister  of  Aus- 
tralia, visits  the  Leonardo  exhibition  with  Brooke  Hindle.  Director  of  the 
Museum. 


Camp  stool,  part  of  the  camp  equipment  of  General  George  Washington  and 
headquarters  staff,  was  a  notable  acquisition  in  1976. 


ings  with  instruments  from  the  National  Collections.  Music  From 
the  Age  of  Jefferson  has  proven  to  be  extremely  popular  and  a 
recording  of  Volume  II  of  the  Songs  of  Stephen  Foster  has  also 
received  acclaim.  James  M.  Weaver,  Associate  Curator  of  the  Divi- 
sion, prepared  the  musicians  for  thirteen  live  performances  of 
"Music  and  Dance  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson,"  produced  in  various 
parts  of  the  country  in  cooperation  with  the  National  Smithsonian 
Associates. 

Despite  the  diversion  of  most  of  the  Museum's  staff  and  re- 
sources to  exhibition  projects,  the  collections  were  enriched  by  the 
acquisition  of  numerous  important  specimens,  some  acquired 
specifically  for  the  major  exhibitions  and  others  added  to  the  refer- 
ence collections.  Worthy  of  particular  mention  are  the  only  extant 
prototype  of  a  "Geiger-Miiller"  radiation  counter  tube;  the  first 
hand  calculator;  the  "Huff-Duff,"  the  radio  direction-finder  that 
broke  the  wolf  packs  of  German  submarines  in  World  War  II;  and 
a  major  collection  of  radiological  artifacts  and  documents.  Also  ac- 
quired were  a  comprehensive  collection  of  nineteenth-century 
American  stoneware;  a  rare  inlaid  Pennsylvania  German  chest  dated 
1783;  a  Massachusetts  "Sword  in  Hand"  30-shilling  note  of  1775 
printed  from  plates  engraved  by  Paul  Revere;  and  the  Ernst  W. 
Puttkammer  Collection  of  more  than  150,000  German  and  German- 


200   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


related  stamps  and  the  Rene  Muller  Collection  of  Saar  overprints. 
Additions  to  the  ordnance  collections  included  a  rare  seventeenth- 
century  dog  lock  long-fowler  of  the  type  used  by  New  Englanders 
and  the  only  known  example  of  the  repeating  rifle  made  on  the 
patent  of  Joseph  G.  Chambers  during  the  War  of  1812.  A  one-tenth- 
scale  model  of  the  eighteenth-century  tobacco  ship  Brilliant  was 
donated  by  the  American  Tobacco  Institute  and  will  be  featured  in 
the  Hall  of  American  Maritime  Enterprise  now  being  planned. 

Most  notable  among  acquisitions  important  for  their  associations 
were  a  dress  from  the  First  Lady,  Mrs.  Gerald  R.  Ford;  a  campstool 
from  George  Washington's  field  headquarters  tent;  and  jewelry  and 
sewing  accessories  owned  by  Martha  Washington.  A  tall  case  clock 
was  acquired,  made  by  Peter  Hill,  the  first  black  clockmaker  in  this 
country.  Herbert  R.  Collins,  Associate  Curator  in  the  Division  of 
Political  History,  attended  both  the  Democratic  and  Republican 
National  Conventions  and  collected  valuable  ephemera  and  political 
campaigning  memorabilia  for  the  already  outstanding  collection 
owned  by  the  Museum. 


On  May  18,  1976,  Muhammad  Ali  (right)  donates  his  boxing  gloves  and  robe 
from  the  George  Foreman  fight  in  Zaire  to  Carl  H.  Scheele,  Chairman  of  "A 
Nation  of  Nations"  exhibition. 


The  Museum  engaged  in  a  wide  variety  of  educational  activities. 
These  ranged  from  the  direct  (though  often  unperceived)  impact  of 
exhibits,  through  the  programs  of  the  Division  of  Visitor  Informa- 
tion and  Education,  to  formal  activities  in  higher  education  and 
informal  participation  in  the  work  of  many  professional  groups. 

The  Division  of  Visitor  Information  and  Education  offered  more 
services  than  ever  before.  During  the  school  year  (October  1975- 
April  1976),  187  docents  conducted  1,620  lesson-tours  related  to 
several  themes  for  31,859  students  and  visitors,  289  outreach  pro- 
grams in  local  schools  serving  8,734  children,  and  759  tailored  and 
highlight  tours  for  15,561  adult  visitors.  In  addition,  795  special 
programs,  including  tours  for  the  handicapped,  "discovery 
corners,"  demonstrations,  and  films  were  presented  to  13,123 
visitors.  During  the  other  months  covered  in  this  fifteen-month 
reporting  period  (July  1975  through  September  1976),  69,959 
visitors  participated  in  2,290  mini-tours,  demonstrations,  "discov- 
ery corners,"  and  specially  scheduled  programs. 

In  August  1975,  Joseph  Buckley  joined  the  staff  to  develop  and 
implement  a  program  for  handicapped  visitors.  Among  current 
activities  are  signed  tours  for  the  deaf,  outreach  programs  for  the 
mentally  retarded,  adapted  tours  for  the  physically  handicapped, 
and  arranged  tours  for  the  elderly.  More  extensive  use  of  touchable 
objects  and  raised-line  drawings  has  increased  the  Museum's 
accessibility  to  the  blind.  The  installation  of  special  communications 
equipment  has  enabled  the  Special  Education  Specialist  to  deal 
directly  with  handicapped  individuals  and  agencies  for  the  handi- 
capped. 

For  the  most  part,  new  tours  were  developed  around  the  Bicen- 
tennial exhibitions  or  the  new  exhibitions  were  included  in  existing 
tours;  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition"  added  a  new  dimension  to 
museum  education  at  the  Smithsonian.  Docents,  clothed  in  period 
costumes,  use  "living  history"  techniques  to  present  the  various 
items  in  the  exhibit.  As  "salesmen"  for  the  display,  the  docents 
not  only  demonstrate  various  objects  in  such  areas  as  W.  and  L.  E. 
Gurley  surveying  instruments  and  Snediker  and  Carr  ventilating 
fans,  but  also  discuss  the  daily  affairs  of  1876  with  visitors. 

The  "discovery  corners"  represent  another  addition  to  the  edu- 
cational programs.  The  Spirit  of  1776  Corner  opened  in  April  1976. 
Its  popularity  led  to  the  addition  of  a  "discovery  corner"  in  the 

202   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Hall  of  Electricity  in  May  1976,  presenting  the  early  electrical  ex- 
periments of  Benjamin  Franklin. 

The  Bicentennial  series  of  Frank  Nelson  Doubleday  lectures  was 
dedicated  to  "The  Character  of  the  American  Achievement."  David 
C.  Mathews,  Secretary  of  Health,  Education  and  Welfare,  spoke  on 
"Perspectives  on  Education."  Harold  Rosenberg,  art  critic  of  The 
New  Yorker,  examined  "American  Art:  Form  and  Exploration." 
Thomas  C.  Cochran,  Benjamin  Franklin  Professor  Emeritus  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  evaluated  "The  American  Business 
Heritage,"  and  author  Stephen  Birmingham  concluded  with  "Eth- 
nicity in  America." 

The  Museum's  largest  formal  commitment  to  higher  education 
has  been  through  the  Smithsonian  Fellowship  Program.  The  seven 
fellows  appointed  during  the  1975  academic  year  reflected,  even 
more  than  usual,  the  great  diversity  of  its  pursuits  and  interests. 
This  year  only  one  was  a  postdoctoral  fellow:  Arthur  Nunes  of  the 
University  of  California,  who  pursued  research  in  the  history  of 
welding.  The  predoctoral  fellows  were:  Virginia  Drachmann,  State 
University  of  New  York  at  Buffalo,  whose  topic  was  nineteenth- 
century  obstetrical  and  gynecological  instruments;  Leonard  Reich, 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  the  development  of  the  vacuum  tube  and 
radio  in  the  United  States;  Scott  Hambly,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, developments  in  the  form,  use,  and  function  of  the  mandolin 
in  the  United  States;  Richard  Glasow,  University  of  Delaware,  the 
"new  American  navy,"  naval  officers,  and  naval  engineering;  Rob- 
ert Friedel,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  a  study  of  the  technical  and 
social  history  of  celluloid;  and  Susan  Frey,  University  of  Washing- 
ton, a  study  of  Friedrich  Engels,  the  Dialectics  of  Nature,  and  nine- 
teenth-century science.  Limited-term  summer  appointments  were 
served  by  Julie  Haifley,  George  Washington  University,  whose  sub- 
ject was  Titian  Ramsay  Peale  and  photography;  and  Steven  Dick, 
Indiana  University,  who  studied  astronomical  measuring  instru- 
ments. The  Fellowship  Program  continued  to  add  a  significant 
dimension  to  activities  at  the  National  Museum  of  History  and 
Technology,  especially  as  liaison  between  the  Museum  and  acade- 
mia.  Biweekly  fellows'  luncheons  provided  a  productive  medium  for 
interaction  with  the  staff. 

Under  the  direction  of  Dr.   Forrest  C.   Pogue,   the  Dwight   D. 
Eisenhower  Institute  for  Historical   Research   has   been   active   in 


History  and  Art  I  203 


directing  fellows,  in  research  activities,  and  in  a  variety  of  profes- 
sional programs.  Colonel  Thomas  E.  Griess,  Chairman  of  the  His- 
tory Department  at  West  Point,  served  as  a  fellow  in  the  1975-1976 
academic  year.  This  summer,  Colonel  Alfred  F.  Hurley,  usaf,  and 
Hans  L.  Paeffgen  arrived  to  pursue  individual  research  projects  as 
fellows. 

The  Institute  co-sponsored  with  the  United  States  Commission 
on  Military  History,  the  Ninth  Quinquennial  Conference  of  the 
Commission  Internationale  d'Histoire  Militaire,  which  was  held  in 
the  Museum  in  August  1975.  Approximately  one  hundred  and  sixty 
historians  attended,  including  sixty  from  twenty-six  foreign 
nations;  simultaneous  translation  of  the  proceeding  was  provided. 
Two  related  themes  were  considered:  "Development  of  Military 
Techniques  and  Technology:  Its  Impact  on  Strategy  and  Tactics  in 
the  Period  Before  the  Atomic  Bomb,"  and  "The  Age  of  Revolution 
in  the  Americas  During  the  18th  and  19th  Centuries:  The  Military 
Impact  on  Society,  Economics,  and  Technology."  Dr.  Philip  K. 
Lundeberg,  Curator  of  Naval  History,  served  as  program  chairman. 

In  November  1975,  at  the  General  Douglas  MacArthur  Memorial 
Library,  Norfolk,  Virginia,  Dr.  Pogue  participated  in  the  first  of  a 
three-part  series  of  seminars  on  the  American  military  occupation 
and  reconstruction  of  Japan  and  Europe  after  World  War  II.  The 
second  part  took  place  in  April  at  the  George  C.  Marshall  Research 
Foundation  and  the  third  will  meet  here  in  May  1977.  In  March 
1976,  Dr.  Pogue  and  Colonel  Griess  contributed  military  history 
dimensions  to  a  television  series  entitled  "Transformations  of 
American  Society,"  presented  by  Bergen  Community  College  and 
the  Columbia  Broadcasting  System.  Dr.  Pogue  served  as  consultant 
in  developing  the  George  C.  Marshall  Corridor  at  the  Pentagon, 
opened  by  President  Ford  in  April.  Also  in  April,  Dr.  Pogue  joined 
the  executive  committee  that  will  supervise  the  large,  statewide 
program  of  the  Kentucky  Bicentennial  Oral  History  Commission. 

In  January  1976,  at  the  request,  among  others,  of  Dr.  Robert  R. 
Kifer,  Marine  Sanctuaries  Coordinator  of  the  National  Oceanic  and 
Atmospheric  Administration  (noaa),  U.  S.  Department  of  Com- 
merce, the  Eisenhower  Institute  sponsored  a  meeting  in  the 
Museum  of  representatives  of  interested  public  and  private  groups 
to  assist  noaa  in  developing  a  philosophical  basis  for  its  manage- 
ment of  the  recently  created  Monitor  Marine  Sanctuary.  The  sanc- 

204   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


tuary  is  centered  upon  the  wreck  of  the  U.S. 5.  Monitor  off  Cape 
Hatteras,  North  Carolina.  With  Dr.  Pogue  as  chairman,  the  group 
endorsed  the  establishment  of  an  advisory  panel  to  the  United 
States  Department  of  Commerce,  to  aid  in  establishing  require- 
ments for  research  permits  and  policy  on  the  recovery  of  Monitor 
artifacts. 

In  much  of  the  Museum,  Bicentennial  exhibit  commitments  held 
research  activities  to  a  lower  level  than  usual.  There  were,  however, 
a  few  exceptions:  Robert  P.  Multhauf,  Senior  Historian,  spent 
much  of  the  year  in  Munich  and  other  European  centers  working 
on  his  history  of  nonmetallic  minerals;  Sami  K.  Hamarneh,  His- 
torian of  Pharmacy,  examined  archival  material  in  Egypt  during  the 
summer  of  1975;  Uta  C.  Merzbach,  Curator  of  Mathematics, 
worked  on  the  history  of  mathematics  in  the  nineteenth  and 
twentieth  centuries.  Under  a  Smithsonian  Research  Foundation 
grant,  Cynthia  Hoover,  Curator  of  Musical  Instruments,  researched 
collections  in  many  parts  of  the  country  pertinent  to  a  study  of 
music  in  eighteenth-century  American  life.  John  H.  White,  Curator 
of  Transportation,  completed  a  massive  history  of  the  railroad  pas- 
senger car,  which  was  accepted  for  publication  by  the  Johns 
Hopkins  University  Press. 

Among  the  more  important  publications  that  appeared  during 
the  past  year  was  Thinkers  and  Tinkers,  by  Silvio  A.  Bedini,  which 
dealt  with  science  and  technology  in  colonial  America.  Robert  P. 
Multhauf,  who  edits  Isis,  supervised  two  anthologies  from  Isis,  one 
edited  by  Brooke  Hindle  and  entitled  Early  American  Science;  the 
other  edited  by  Otto  Mayr  and  entitled  Philosophers  and  Machines. 
Staff  members  were  especially  prominent  as  authors  in  the  Dic- 
tionary of  Scientific  Biography,  two  volumes  appearing  during  the 
year.  Twenty-two  contributions  to  the  Dictionary  came  from  the 
Museum. 

In  a  variety  of  research  and  professional  activities,  the  Museum 
reached  out  to  other  communities.  The  restoration  of  the  Mexico 
City  Cathedral's  two  eighteenth-century  organs  was  initiated  this 
year  by  Smithsonian  Collaborator  D.  A.  Flentrop.  Damaged  by  fire 
and  considered  beyond  repair  by  the  church  authorities,  these  in- 
struments were  central  to  the  efforts  of  John  Fesperman,  Curator 
of  Musical  Instruments,  and  Scott  Odell,  Conservator,  to  stimulate 
interest  in  a  restoration  program  for  a  number  of  historic  Spanish 

History  and  Art  I  205 


colonial  instruments  that  remain  neglected.  Work  was  also  begun 
on  a  smaller  eighteenth-century  organ  in  Taxco,  Mexico,  as  a  joint 
effort  of  the  Division  of  Musical  Instruments,  Collaborator  Charles 
Fisk,  and  the  Mexican  National  Patrimony  Restoration  Department. 

In  September  1975,  Curator  of  the  Division  of  Mechanical  and 
Civil  Engineering  Robert  M.  Vogel  was  one  of  the  delegates  from 
the  United  States  to  the  Second  International  Congress  on  the  Con- 
servation of  Industrial  Monuments,  where  he  delivered  a  paper  on 
"The  Preservation  of  Industrial  Monuments  in  the  United  States." 

Dr.  Sami  K.  Hamarneh,  Historian  of  Pharmacy,  participated  in 
the  International  Symposium  for  the  History  of  Arabic  Science  held 
at  the  University  of  Aleppo  in  April.  He  has  been  appointed  editor 
of  the  newly  established  Journal  for  the  History  of  Arabic  Science, 
to  be  published  in  Syria.  The  Division  of  Postal  History  and 
Philately  participated  in  the  Seventh  Annual  Stamp  Exhibition  held 
in  May  at  Philadelphia  and  was  host  to  the  annual  congress  of  the 
Federation  Internationale  de  Philatelie  at  the  Museum  in  May. 

Among  the  more  important  meetings  of  research  scholars  held 
in  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology  was  the 
Society  for  the  History  of  Technology's  eighteenth  annual  meeting, 
a  special  Bicentennial  conference  on  "Two  Hundred  Years  of 
American  Technology,"  which  met  in  October  1975.  Major  papers 
were  presented  by  leading  historians  of  technology.  With  more 
than  one  hundred  and  fifty  registrants,  everyone  concerned  con- 
sidered the  meeting  an  unprecedented  success.  Dr.  Melvin  Kranz- 
berg,  long-time  Secretary  of  the  Society,  later  remarked  that  "every 
part  of  the  meeting  turned  out  so  successfully  that  we  will  be  hard 
pressed  to  repeat  this  exhilarating  event  in  the  future." 

In  May  1976,  the  Museum  was  host  to  the  Eighth  Annual  Meet- 
ing of  the  International  Society  for  the  History  of  the  Behavioral 
and  Social  Sciences  (cheiron).  Reflecting  this  organization's 
multidisciplinary  orientation,  the  program  included  sessions  rang- 
ing from  social  psychology  to  anthropology  and  unwritten  historical 
sources.  The  program  was  arranged  by  Audrey  B.  Davis,  Curator 
of  Medical  Sciences,  and  planned  by  Michael  M.  Sokal,  of  Worces- 
ter Polytechnic  Institute,  formerly  a  Smithsonian  fellow. 

In  October  1975,  in  conjunction  with  the  Haydn  Festival  and 
Conference  held  in  Washington,  several  concerts  were  presented  in 
the  Museum's  Hall  of  Musical  Instruments.  In  November,  at  the 

206   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


call  of  Chairman  John  Nicholas  Brown,  the  National  Armed  Forces 
Museum  Advisory  Board  met  to  counsel  the  Museum  on  the  display 
of  artifacts  from  the  armed  forces.  In  June  1976,  during  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  American  Association  of  Museums  in  Washington, 
a  session  was  held  in  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology on  "Collecting  in  the  21st  Century."  And  in  September, 
during  the  Washington  meetings  of  the  American  Psychological 
Association,  the  Society  for  Engineering  Psychologists  held  a  ses- 
sion in  Carmichael  Auditorium  on  "Perspectives  on  Technology 
and  Americans." 

The  Dibner  Library  of  the  History  of  Science  and  Technology, 
installed  in  temporary  quarters  within  the  Museum,  will  be  opened 
in  October  1976.  This  rare-book  library  includes  all  the  classics  in 
the  history  of  science  and  represents  a  great  research  resource. 


National  Portrait  Gallery 

In  terms  of  special  exhibitions,  the  past  year  has  been  a  particularly 
active  one  for  the  National  Portrait  Gallery.  "Portraits  From  The 
Americans:  The  Democratic  Experience,"  based  on  Daniel  J.  Boor- 
stin's  Pulitzer  Prize-winning  book,  opened  in  November  on  the 
newly  renovated  third  floor  of  the  Gallery.  This  area  has  now  been 
restored  to  the  American  Victorian  Renaissance  style  in  which  it 
had  been  decorated  in  the  1880s  following  a  fire  in  1877  in  the 
north  and  west  wings  of  the  building.  "The  Americans"  was 
accompanied  by  a  catalogue,  illustrated  with  portraits  and  other 
related  materials,  and  a  text,  supplementing  that  by  Dr.  Boorstin, 
written  by  Messrs.  Beard,  Voss,  and  Yellis  of  the  Gallery's  staff. 
The  Gallery's  final  Bicentennial  exhibition,  "Abroad  in  America: 
Visitors  to  the  New  Nation,  1776-1914,"  opened  in  April.  It  was 
organized  by  Marc  Pachter,  Historian  of  the  Gallery,  who  also 
wrote  the  introduction  for  the  accompanying  publication,  which 
consisted  of  twenty-nine  essays  by  foreign  and  American  scholars 
and  writers.  This  volume  was  co-edited  by  Mr.  Pachter  and  Mrs. 
Frances  Wein,  the  National  Portrait  Gallery's  editor. 

Six  other  exhibitions  deserve  note:  "Christian  Gullager,  Portrait 
Painter  to  Federal  America,"  opened  by  Queen  Margrethe  II  of 
Denmark  on  May  11;  "Keep  the  Last  Bullet  for  Yourself:  The 


History  and  Art  I  207 


Charles  Dickens 

1812-1870 


: 


i 


Scene  from  the  National  Portrait  Gallery's  Bicentennial  exhibition  "Abroad  in 
America:  Visitors  to  the  New  Nation,  1776-1914,"  which  opened  in  April 
1976.  (Photo  credit:  Eugene  L.  Mantie) 


Battle  at  the  Little  Big  Horn,"  prepared  by  Rick  Beard  of  the 
Gallery  staff  to  commemorate  the  one-hundredth  anniversary  of 
Custer's  Last  Stand,  June  25;  "Wedgewood  Portraits  and  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution,"  opened  by  Sir  Arthur  Bryan,  the  Chairman  of 
Wedgewood,  Inc.,  on  July  12;  "The  Spirit  of  Fact:  The  Daguerreo- 
types of  Southworth  &  Hawes,  1843-1862,"  organized  by  the  Inter- 
national Museum  of  Photography,  Rochester;  and  "A  Knot  of 
Dreamers:  The  Brook  Farm  Community,  1841-1847"  and  "The 
Coming  of  Age  of  American  Music"  (Ives,  Gershwin,  and  Copland), 
which  were  conceived,  respectively,  by  two  Gallery  interns,  Miss 
Marni  Sandweiss  and  Miss  Anita  Jones.  All  exhibitions  were  de- 
signed by  Mr.  J.  Michael  Carrigan,  Chief,  Exhibits  Design  and 
Production. 


208   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


m   -  m 

f 

Secretary  of  State  Henry  Kissinger,  former  Prime  Minister  of  Israel  Golda 
Meir,  Director  of  the  Gallery  Marvin  Sadik,  and  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley 
at  the  luncheon  held  for  the  presentation  of  the  Raphael  Soyer  portrait  of 
Mrs.  Meir. 


A  special  presentation  of  a  portrait  of  Golda  Meir  by  Raphael 
Soyer,  the  gift  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  Cummings,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Meyer  P.  Potamkin,  and  the  Charles  E.  Smith  Family  Foundation, 
took  place  on  December  19.  The  event  was  attended  by  Mrs.  Meir 
and  Secretary  of  State  Henry  Kissinger,  both  of  whom  spoke. 
Another  special  presentation,  a  portrait  bust  of  Henry  A.  Wallace 
by  Jo  Davidson,  was  made  on  January  20,  the  thirty-fifth  anni- 
versary of  Wallace's  inauguration  as  Vice  President.  The  bust  was 
the  gift  of  the  subject's  children,  who  were  present  at  the  ceremony, 
which  was  also  attended  by  Vice  President  Nelson  A.  Rockefeller. 

Acquisitions  during  the  past  year  included  forty-four  portraits 
by  purchase  and  twenty-three  by  gift.  Outstanding  in  the  former 
category  are  splendid  paintings  of  John  Adams  by  John  Trumbull, 


History  and  Art  I  209 


Above  left.  Thomas  Cole,  circa  1845,  by  an  unidentified  daguerreotypist.  Gift 
of  Edith  Cole  Silberstein.  Above  right.  Benjamin  Franklin,  circa  1775,  executed 
in  laminated  blue  and  white  jasper  from  a  wax  portrait  by  Patience  Wright,  was 
loaned  by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Alvin  Kanter  for  the  exhibition  "Wedgwood  Portraits 
and  the  American  Revolution,"  which  opened  July  14,  1976.  Facing  page. 
Left  to  right:  Director  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  Marvin  Sadik,  the 
Duke  of  Northumberland,  Chief  Justice  Warren  E.  Burger,  and  Secretary  S. 
Dillon  Ripley  with  a  portrait  of  Thayendanegea  (Joseph  Brant),  Chief  of  the 
Mohawks  and  Father  of  the  Six  Nations.  The  portrait  was  painted  in  London 
in  1789  by  Gilbert  Stuart  and  is  on  loan  to  the  Gallery  by  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland. 


and  of  Zachary  Taylor  by  James  Reid  Lambdin;  an  oil  sketch  of 
Robert  E.  Lee,  done  at  Petersburg  during  the  winter  of  1864-1865 
by  Edward  Caledon  Bruce;  a  1932-portrait  of  Amelia  Earhart  by 
Edith  Scott;  and  James  Sharples's  exceptional  pastel  of  George 
Washington,  which  had  descended  in  Washington's  family.  Espe- 
cially noteworthy  among  the  portraits  given  the  Gallery  were  an 
extremely  rare  mezzotint,  in  an  extraordinary  state  of  preservation, 
of  Samuel  Adams  by  Samuel  Okey,  a  gift  of  Mrs.  Katie  Louchheim 
and  Mr.  William  Louchheim;  a  charcoal  drawing  of  James  Russell 
Lowell  by  Samuel  W.  Rowse,  presented  by  Miss  Susan  Norton;  a 
striking  daguerreotype  of  Thomas  Cole,  given  by  a  descendant  of 
the  subject,  Mrs.  Edith  Cole  Silberstein;  and  an  early  self-portrait 
by  Thomas  Hart  Benton,  the  gift  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  H.  Mooney. 
Of  great  future  significance  to  the  Gallery  was  the  enactment  in 
February  1976  of  Public  Law  94209,  which  authorizes  the  collection 
and  exhibition  of  portrait  photographs. 


210   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Office  of  Academic  Studies 

A  major  unifying  theme  of  the  Smithsonian's  diverse  activities  is 
intellectual  accomplishment  based  on  professional  research  and  the 
free  interplay  of  ideas.  Essential  to  the  achievement  of  intellectual 
excellence  are  deep  and  complex  ties  with  the  national  and  inter- 
national academic  communities.  Smithsonian  academic  programs 
offer  a  context  for  the  Institution's  entire  research  faculty  to  collab- 
orate with  colleagues  in  the  Smithsonian  and  in  the  larger  academic 
world  in  the  pursuit  of  knowledge.  The  benefits  of  collaborative 
efforts  flow  both  ways:  they  stimulate  and  refresh  analysis  and 
interpretation  by  Smithsonian  staff  members  and  foster  the 
diffusion  of  their  findings.  Because  the  most  exciting  intellectual 
interplay  takes  place  face  to  face,  the  Smithsonian's  academic  pro- 
grams bring  people  together  on  either  a  one-to-one  basis  or  in  small 
groups. 

With  policy  direction  from  the  Board  of  Academic  Studies,  the 


History  and  Art  I  211 


Office  of  Academic  Studies  acts  as  the  center  through  which  the 
Smithsonian's  research  activities  pursue  their  academic  objectives. 
Academic  programs  reflect  the  character  of  the  research  and  collec- 
tion strengths  of  the  Smithsonian.  They  deliberately  avoid  duplica- 
tion of  university-based  study  and  research,  stressing  new  perspec- 
tives on  academic  subjects  and  disciplines  not  commonly  studied  in 
the  university.  These  academic  programs  are  typically  residential 
and  range  from  experimental  undergraduate  studies  to  traditional 
postdoctoral  research-training  fellowships.  They  are  flexible,  giving 
assistance  to  individuals  who  need  to  study  at  the  Institution  for  a 
few  days  and  to  persons  who  require  the  research  resources  of  the 
Institution  for  a  year  or  more.  Most  scholars  come  to  the  Smith- 
sonian to  pursue  academic  studies  in  an  individual  working  relation- 
ship with  a  member  of  the  research  staff.  Where  an  expanded 
dialogue  seems  promising,  however,  small  seminars  and  symposia 
are  developed  which  assemble  colleagues  from  around  the  world. 

During  the  1975-1976  academic  year,  special  attention  was 
directed  to  meeting  new  demands  on  academic  programs  within  the 
constraint  of  limited  funding.  For  the  most  part,  these  demands 
stemmed  from  the  greater  participation  of  staff  members  in  aca- 
demic activities,  from  the  addition  of  new  professional  staff  mem- 
bers throughout  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  and  from  the  addition 
of  new  research  activities — most  notably  the  recently  opened 
Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden  and  the  National  Air 
and  Space  Museum.  Additional  support  for  fellowships  and  other 
student  appointments  was  developed  by  the  further  integration  of 
academic  appointments  into  the  major  objectives  of  each  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution's  bureaus  and  facilities. 

Resulting  from  this  effort  were  a  substantial  increase  in  the  num- 
ber of  fellows  and  students  in  residence  at  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion; an  extended  and  improved  interchange  among  staff  members 
and  students,  at  many  levels;  and  a  further  diversification  of  the 
types  of  academic  programs  offered.  For  example:  the  first  fellow 
was  appointed  at  the  Hirshhorn  Museum;  three  new  predoctoral 
fellowships  for  field  research  were  created  in  conjunction  with  the 
Smithsonian  International  Environmental  Program;  two  new  pro- 
fessional internships  were  created,  one  in  exotic  animal  medicine 
at    the    National    Zoological    Park,    the    other    in    anthropological 


212  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


archival  and  publication  work  at  the  Center  for  the  Study  of  Man; 
and  Smithsonian  staff  helped  develop  and  participated  in  the  new 
Washington  Cultural  Semester  program  of  The  American  Uni- 
versity. 

To  assist  in  the  management  of  academic  programs,  the  Office  of 
Academic  Studies  increased  its  efforts  to  draw  upon  the  experience 
of  fellows  and  students  during  their  residence  at  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  Their  evaluations  have  proved  a  useful  tool  for  program 
management  and  development.  They  have  also  expressed  the  almost 
universal  conviction  that  the  academic  experience  at  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  was  crucial  in  the  professional  lives  of  the  par- 
ticipants. 

Under  the  Smithsonian's  Fellowship  Program,  individuals  spend 
a  year  consulting  the  collections  and  conducting  research  at  the 
Institution.  Predoctoral  fellows  complete  their  dissertations  with 
direction  from  Smithsonian  Institution  staff  members.  Postdoctoral 
fellows  pursue  advanced  research  training,  working  in  close  col- 
laboration with  a  Smithsonian  adviser.  In  the  academic  year  1975- 
1976  fifty-seven  fellows  were  appointed  to  study  in  the  museums, 
archives,  and  research  stations  of  the  Institution. 

To  assist  students  in  determining  the  scope  of  their  anticipated 
research  at  the  start  of  their  graduate  training,  a  Visiting  Research 
Student  Program  offers  the  opportunity  to  spend  ten  weeks  pur- 
suing a  research  topic  at  the  Institution.  This  year,  thirty  Visiting 
Research  Students  were  appointed. 

Increasingly,  colleges  and  universities  are  offering  their  students 
the  opportunity  to  study  off-campus  and  receive  academic  credit. 
The  value  of  supplementing  classroom  experience  with  work  experi- 
ence in  related  disciplines  has  now  gained  national  recognition. 
These  nontraditional  work  and  study  assignments  are  individually 
developed  for  each  student,  to  profit  both  the  student  and  the 
Smithsonian.  Under  this  program  of  Museum  Study,  seventeen 
students  were  appointed  last  year. 

Many  investigators  express  a  need  to  spend  periods  of  a  week  or 
two  consulting  with  the  staff  and  collections.  These  visitors  bring 
to  the  Institution's  faculty  the  welcome  opportunity  to  maintain  a 
regular  exchange  with  colleagues  from  around  the  world.  To  en- 
courage and  facilitate  such  visits,  the  Smithsonian  conducts  a  Short 


History  and  Art  I  T\.2> 


Term  Visitor  and  Seminar  Program,  under  which  thirty  individual 
investigators  and  three  staff-developed  seminars  were  supported 
this  year. 

During  the  1975-1976  academic  year,  some  one  hundred  and 
fifty  individuals  participated  in  a  program  of  academic  study  at  the 
Smithsonian.  Brief  descriptions  of  their  research  and  study  may  be 
found  in  Appendix  7. 


Office  of  American  Studies 

The  Office  of  American  Studies  continued  its  program  in  graduate 
education  throughout  the  year.  The  Fall  1975  Seminar  in  the 
"Material  Aspects  of  American  Civilization"  had  as  its  theme  leisure 
and  recreation  in  American  culture.  Taught  by  the  Director  of  the 
program  and  Professor  Bernard  Mergen  of  The  George  Washington 
University,  the  course  had  twenty-five  students. 

Other  seminars  given  during  the  academic  year  1975-1976 
included:  "Introduction  to  the  Systematic  Study  of  Vernacular 
Building,"  taught  by  Cary  Carson,  Coordinator  of  Research  of  the 
St.  Mary's  City  (Maryland)  Commission;  "The  American  Decora- 
tive Arts  in  Historic  Preservation,"  taught  by  Barbara  Carson;  "The 
Material  Culture  of  Alexandria,  Virginia:  1770-1830,"  taught  by 
Dennis  O'Toole,  Curator  of  Education  of  the  National  Portrait 
Gallery;  "The  Art  and  Architecture  of  Washington,  D.  C:  1791- 
1929"  taught  by  Michael  Richmond,  Project  Director  for  the 
National  Trust  for  Historic  Preservation;  and  the  1975  summer 
course  in  "Material  Aspects  of  American  Civilization:  An  Introduc- 
tion," taught  by  Joanna  Zangrando  of  The  George  Washington 
University. 

During  the  summer  of  1976,  David  Van  Tassel  taught  the 
"Introduction  to  Material  Aspects  of  American  Civilization." 

Individual  students  continued  to  pursue  specialized  research 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Director  of  the  program. 

The  Director  was  Scholar-in-Charge  of  a  Bicentennial  exhibition 
entitled  "The  Federal  City:  Plans  and  Realities,"  which  opened  on 
George  Washington's  birthday,  February  22,  1976,  in  the  Great 
Hall  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Building.  The  exhibition  ex- 


214   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


amines  the  planning  of  the  city  of  Washington  from  L'Enfant  to  the 
present  day,  graphically  illustrating  the  planning  process.  Jointly 
sponsored  by  the  National  Capital  Planning  Commission,  the  Com- 
mission of  Fine  Arts,  and  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  the  exhibition 
received  the  "Outstanding  Bicentennial  Planning  Award"  of  the 
National  Capital  Area  Chapter,  American  Institute  of  Planners. 

From  September  2-9,  1976,  the  Director  attended  the  Forty- 
second  International  Congress  of  Americanists  in  Paris,  France,  and 
delivered  a  paper  on  "Economic  Development  of  the  Arctic:  Future 
of  Eskimo  and  Indian  People  in  the  Historical  Context  of  the 
'Lower  48'  States." 


History  and  Art  I  215 


The  Smithsonian  Institution's  new  Victorian  Garden  with  the  Arts  and  Indus- 
tries Building  in  the  background. 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 
MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 


The  measure  of  the  effectiveness  of  an  organization  is  its  ability 
to  face  frenetic  pressure  and  impossible  deadlines  while  maintain- 
ing quality  in  performance,  equanimity  in  attitude,  and  timeliness 
in  delivery.  With  no  fear  of  immodesty  one  can  say  that  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  has  amply  demonstrated  its  effectiveness  in  this 
Bicentennial  year,  when  the  projects  that  had  been  in  preparation 
for  nearly  a  decade  climaxed  with  the  opening  of  the  National  Air 
and  Space  Museum  and  in  a  wide  variety  of  complex  exhibits  and 
other  cultural  activities  in  all  of  our  museums.  That  so  much  was 
accomplished  is  a  tribute  to  the  management  of  these  museums  and 
to  the  dedication  of  their  staffs. 

In  these  multiple  activities,  the  units  that  are  part  of  the  Office  of 
Museum  Programs  played  varied  roles.  Many  had  to  put  aside  some 
of  their  more  traditional  pursuits  to  assist  in  meeting  deadlines, 
while  others  found  in  the  Bicentennial  the  fulfillment  of  their  pur- 
pose. 

The  satisfaction  of  having  contributed  to  the  success  of  the  Bi- 
centennial celebration  has  prepared  us  to  face  many  tasks  left  un- 
finished and  whose  urgency  is  becoming  apparent. 

The  vital  role  that  museums  play  in  preserving,  interpreting,  and 
transmitting  America's  heritage  is  being  more  clearly  recognized. 
Museums  are  now  conscious  that  their  responsibilities  transcend 
narrow  or  disciplinary  boundaries.  They  provide  that  sense  of  his- 
torical continuity  and  interrelationship  that  is  so  necessary  if  we 
are  to  understand  the  world  around  us  and  our  role  within  it.  These 
considerations  are  forcing  museums  to  improve  the  quality  of  their 
performance.  This  dedication  to  improvement  characterizes  the  rich 


217 


Opening  ceremonies  for  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,"  held  in  front  of  the 
Arts  and  Industries  Building  on  May  10,  1976,  were  replete  with  notables,  a 
choir  singing  Handel's  Hallelujah  Chorus,  the  United  States  Army  Band,  and 
the  release  of  hundreds  of  doves. 


and  varied  complex  that  constitutes  the  museum  functions  of  the 
Institution. 

In  the  years  ahead  we  must  seek  new  ways  to  interpret  our  col- 
lections to  the  public,  integrate  our  offerings  within  the  academic 
tradition,  and  find  new  ways  to  employ  our  holdings  as  instruments 
of  continuing  education  and  self  education. 

To  achieve  these  ends,  we  must  develop  our  capability  of  sharing 
the  resources  of  the  Institution  through  traveling  exhibitions, 
audiovisual  devices,  television,  and  publications.  We  must  refine 
the  format  of  exhibitions,  taking  advantage  of  the  unique  multi- 
disciplinary  opportunities  offered  by  the  variety  in  our  collections 
and  museums. 

The  training  of  conservators,  the  perfecting  of  conservation 
methods,  and  the  scientific  examination  of  processes  and  structures 
must  be  encouraged.  The  advances  made  by  contemporary  science 


218  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  and  Chief  Justice  Warren  E.  Burger  arrive  for  the 
opening  of  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition"  in  the  horse-drawn  carriage  that 
had  carried  President  Grant  to  the  1876  exposition  in  Philadelphia's  Fairmount 
Park  a  hundred  years  before. 


can  be  put  to  greater  use  in  interpreting  the  past  products  of  man's 
creativity  and  ingenuity.  Our  own  effort  in  conservation  must  be 
expanded,  as  it  must  be  by  other  museums  across  the  nation. 

Data  retrieval  from  our  vast  holdings  must  be  perfected.  Though 
too  much  should  not  be  expected  from  computers,  the  fullest  use  of 
computer  technology  has  not  yet  been  made. 

The  usefulness  of  vast  reserve  collections,  which  are  vital  for 
study  and  which  present,  in  many  cases,  irreplaceable  testimony  of 
the  evolution  and  continuity  of  the  natural  world,  must  be  enhanced 
through  better  retrieval  methods  and  especially  through  the  devel- 
opment of  storage  and  study  facilities  whose  absence,  in  some  cases, 
is  now  jeopardizing  the  safety  of  this  heritage  or  preventing  its  full 
use.  In  all  of  these  areas,  the  units  of  the  Office  of  Museum  Pro- 
grams play  a  key  role,  often  unglamorous  because  supportive,  but 
rewarding  because  necessary. 


Museum  Programs  I  219 


The  completion  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum  led  to  the 
opening  of  a  new,  revitalized  branch  library,  located  in  elegant  new 
quarters,  whose  holdings  were  almost  totally  catalogued.  Cata- 
loguing was  accomplished  in  part  through  the  Central  Library's 
continued  efforts  to  improve  acquisition  and  cataloguing  processes 
and  make  greater  use  of  the  cataloguing  capabilities  of  the  Ohio 
College  Library  Center  (oclc).  The  institution  was  one  of  the  first 
members  of  oclc,  which  links  research  and  public  libraries  through- 
out the  eastern  United  States  by  a  computer  network  that  permits 
the  sharing  of  resources  and,  to  a  great  extent,  eliminates  duplica- 
tion of  effort.  In  cooperation  with  the  National  Museum  of  History 
and  Technology,  the  Libraries  also  completed  the  transfer  of  the 
great  manuscript  and  rare  book  collections  donated  by  Dr.  Bern 
Dibner,  housed  in  newly  completed  temporary  quarters. 

The  Conservation  Analytical  Laboratory,  reinstalled  in  an  ex- 
panded space,  was  able  to  provide  new  analytical  services  through 
greatly  improved  equipment  and  a  slightly  enlarged  staff.  The 
Laboratory  concentrated  the  major  part  of  its  efforts  on  assisting 
numerous  curatorial  departments  in  preparing  objects  for  complex 
exhibitions  such  as  "A  Nation  of  Nations"  and  "1876."  In  spite  of 
the  day-to-day  needs  of  exhibit  curators,  preparators,  and  others, 
the  staff  contributions  to  scholarly  literature  and  participation  in 
professional  meetings  continued  at  a  high  level.  A  series  of  seminars 
has  been  developed  in  cooperation  with  the  National  Bureau  of 
Standards  that  will  bring  together  curators,  scientists,  archeologists, 
and  anthropologists  to  focus  their  disciplines  on  common  problems. 
Further  effort  will  be  made  in  the  coming  years  to  study  manufac- 
turing methods  and  materials  so  as  to  gain  a  better  understanding 
of  technological  growth  and  refine  conservation  methods. 

The  Archives  of  the  Institution,  keeper  of  the  Institution's  his- 
torical "conscience,"  is  an  invaluable  research  tool,  not  only  for  the 
history  of  the  Institution  but  for  the  history  of  science  and  scholar- 
ship in  the  United  States.  The  Archives  has  continued  to  classify 
and  analyze  hundreds  of  thousands  of  documents  and  to  develop 
means  for  their  easier  retrieval.  The  Archives  also  completed  its 
long-planned  move  from  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Building  to 
larger  quarters  in  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building.  The  oral  ar- 
chives program  was  expanded,  and  senior  members  of  the  staff  have 
recorded  new  data  essential  for  an  understanding  of  the  Institu- 

220   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


tion's  growth,  as  well  as  of  the  growth  of  the  interviewees'  own 
disciplines. 

The  long-planned  reorganization  of  the  Office  of  the  Registrar 
was  completed  during  the  year.  Each  of  the  museums  of  the  Institu- 
tion now  has  its  own  registrarial  department,  which  will  permit 
far  better  coordination  than  was  possible  in  the  past  between  regis- 
trarial and  curatorial  functions.  The  Office  of  the  Registrar  re- 
mains a  central  coordinating-planning  unit,  responsible  for  assisting 
the  development  of  retrieval  systems  for  the  Institution.  In  time  it 
may  become  a  key  element  in  regional  or  national  networks.  The 
Registrar  was  made  chairman  of  a  pan-institutional  Collections 
Management  and  Policy  Committee  whose  function  is  to  review 
current  practices  and  make  recommendations  for  future  develop- 
ment, with  the  aims  of  avoiding  duplication,  identifying  needs,  and 
maximizing  the  use  of  resources.  The  work  of  the  Committee  is 
closely  linked  with  the  development  of  plans  for  a  proposed 
Museum  Support  Center. 

Perhaps  the  unit  in  greatest  demand  was  the  Office  of  Exhibits 
Central,  which  provided  specialized  production  support  for  the  ex- 
hibit units  of  each  museum.  This  Office  was  also  responsible  for  a 
major  exhibition  loaned  by  the  Japanese  Imperial  Household  and 
another  that  was  loaned  by  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Goldsmiths 
of  London  and  shown  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Building. 

In  late  spring  and  early  summer,  a  major  effort  was  made  to  meet 
the  special  requirements  of  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife.  Its 
unprecedented  length  and  complexity  presented  entirely  new  prob- 
lems for  the  Division  of  Performing  Arts,  as  well  as  for  those  units 
called  upon  to  give  support. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service  (sites) 
circulated  210  exhibitions  around  the  country,  and,  through  an  imag- 
inative program  co-sponsored  by  the  American  Revolution  Bicen- 
tennial Administration,  brought  to  the  United  States  an  important 
series  of  exhibitions  sponsored  by  foreign  nations  and  sent  to  our 
country  in  tribute  to  our  Bicentennial.  These  exhibitions,  and  some 
that  are  still  being  organized,  provide  a  unique  opportunity  for 
museums,  historical  societies,  colleges,  and  other  organizations 
throughout  the  United  States  to  show  facets  of  foreign  cultures  far 
more  directly  than  they  could  by  other  means.  Approximately  eight 
million  people  benefited  from  sites  offerings  in  1976.  As  in  the  past, 

Museum  Programs  I  221 


a  major  part  of  the  costs  of  organizing  and  circulating  sites  exhi- 
bitions was  provided  by  grants,  contracts,  gifts,  and  modest  receipts 
from  rental  fees. 

During  the  year,  the  Horticultural  Services  Division  became  the 
responsibility  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  for  Museum  Programs  and 
was  renamed  the  Office  of  Horticulture.  This  change  signifies  a 
new  direction  for  that  department.  From  being  a  support  unit,  it 
will  become  an  initiator  in  interpreting  the  history  of  horticulture, 
interrelating  materials  that  have  visual  appeal  as  well  as  scholarly 
logic.  The  most  impressive  result  of  this  new  approach  is  the  horti- 
cultural treatment  of  the  interior  of  the  Arts  and  Industries  Build- 
ing. Working  with  the  curatorial  staff  of  the  National  Museum  of 
History  and  Technology,  the  Office  created  a  widely  acclaimed  evo- 
cation of  the  great  horticultural  extravaganza  of  the  Philadelphia 
Centennial.  The  Office  also  took  a  leading  part  in  developing  the 
Victorian  Garden  in  the  South  Yard  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
Building,  that  extends  the  spirit  of  the  "1876"  exhibition  and  pro- 
vides a  setting  that  emphasizes  the  architectural  beauty  and  char- 
acter of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  Arts  and  Industries 
buildings. 

The  National  Museum  Act,  administered  by  the  Institution,  was 
reauthorized  for  three  more  years,  testifying  to  the  quality  of  a 
grant  program  that  since  its  inception  has  provided  aid  to  the 
museum  profession.  The  Act  has  encouraged  the  development  of 
expertise  in  museum  work,  enhancing  opportunities  for  the  training 
of  existing  personnel  as  well  as  younger  persons  who,  in  increas- 
ingly large  numbers,  are  attracted  to  the  museum  field.  Through 
grants  from  the  National  Museum  Act,  the  National  Conservation 
Advisory  Council  has  continued  its  in-depth  analysis  of  the  conser- 
vation needs  of  the  country  and  published  the  first  of  a  series  of 
comprehensive  reports. 

Seminars,  workshops,  and  internships,  as  well  as  research  in 
specific  aspects  of  museum  management,  were  all  made  possible  by 
National  Museum  Act  grants  that  went  to  a  wide  variety  of  indi- 
viduals and  organizations.  As  in  the  past,  special  efforts  were  made 
to  avoid  duplication  of  the  programs  that  are  administered  by  the 
National  Endowment  for  the  Arts  and  the  National  Endowment  for 
the  Humanities. 

The  Office  of  Museum  Programs  has  continued  to  develop  and 

222   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


refine  a  series  of  video-tape  and  slide  programs  on  various  aspects 
of  conservation.  These  programs  are  now  available  for  national  dis- 
tribution. Workshops  on  various  aspects  of  museum  management, 
using  the  knowledge  of  Smithsonian  staff  members  and  invited 
specialists,  have  increased  in  number  and  have  attracted  colleagues 
from  all  parts  of  the  country.  This  program  will  be  developed 
further  in  the  coming  year. 

The  long-recognized  need  of  Native  Americans  for  expertise  that 
would  enable  them  to  protect  their  heritage  and  develop  their  own 
museum  collections  and  interpretive  programs  is  now  nearer  to 
being  met.  Final  arrangements  were  made  to  develop  a  training  pro- 
gram that  takes  full  advantage  of  the  specialized  talents  of  Smith- 
sonian staff  members.  The  aim  of  this  program  is  to  provide  Native 
Americans  with  the  skills  necessary  to  run  their  own  museums  in 
a  fully  professional  manner. 


Conservation- Analytical  Laboratory 

The  Conservation  Analytical  Laboratory  (cal)  serves  as  the  central 
research  organization  of  the  Institution  in  a  wide  variety  of  conser- 
vation-related fields.  It  possesses  complex  instruments  permitting 
spectrographs,  X-ray  thermoluminescence  analysis  as  well  as  the 
more  traditional  equipment  related  to  standard  chemical  methods. 
Recently  it  added  X-ray  fluorescence  equipment  matched  to  com- 
puter capabilities  and  is  rapidly  developing  a  computerized  infor- 
mation system. 

The  reconstruction  of  Laboratory  space,  initiated  in  1974,  was 
completed  during  the  year. 

The  Laboratory  has  embarked  on  a  joint  program  with  the  Na- 
tional Bureau  of  Standards  to  develop  a  series  of  seminars  on 
science  applied  to  museum  artifacts.  These  seminars,  intended  to 
bring  together  anthropologists,  archeologists,  and  scientists  to  dis- 
cuss subjects  of  common  interest,  may  lead  to  joint  research  projects. 

A  major  function  of  cal  is  to  disseminate  information  to  mem- 
bers of  the  staff  of  the  Institution  as  well  as  to  others  concerned 
with  the  vital  problems  of  conservation;  to  facilitate  this,  in 
cooperation  with  the  Conservation  Information  Program,  a  video- 
tape series  of  eighty  conservation  orientation  lectures  was  corn- 
Museum  Programs  I  223 


Left.  Conservation-Analytical  Laboratory's 
unit  for  X-radiography  of  museum  objects 
(ceramics,  wood,  metal)  to  detect  defects, 
restoration,  hidden  structures,  and  methods 
of  fabrication.  Above.  The  Metallograph 
used  by  the  Laboratory  to  examine  prepared 
metals  microscopically. 


pleted  and  is  now  available  in-house  as  well  as  to  museums  and 
other  organizations  across  the  country.  The  main  role  of  the  labora- 
tory, however,  is  to  provide  technical  interpretation  and  chemical 
analysis  on  a  wide  variety  of  items.  During  the  year,  these  ranged 
from  the  original  stenciling  of  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building, 
which  was  discovered  under  numerous  layers  of  later  paint,  to  the 
identification  of  the  gum  varnish  which  was  applied  by  John  Henry 
Belter  to  furniture  that  he  had  assembled  in  1858. 

The  Laboratory  monitored  temperature  and  humidity  conditions 
in  a  large  number  of  locations  and  was  responsible  for  developing 
proper  environmental  controls  for  the  objects  loaned  by  the  Japa- 
nese Imperial  Household  and  displayed  in  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion Building  between  September  18  and  October  5,  1975. 

The  staff  was  especially  pressed  to  meet  the  deadlines  imposed 
by  a  large  number  of  Bicentennial  exhibitions.  In  spite  of  this,  num- 
erous contributions  to  scholarly  research  were  made  during  the 
year. 


224  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


National  Museum  Act  Program 

The  National  Museum  Act  of  1966  reaffirmed  the  Smithsonian's 
traditional  role  of  providing  assistance  to  other  museums  and 
authorized  the  Institution  to  strengthen  its  activities  of  service  to 
them.  In  1976,  the  Act  was  reauthorized  to  extend  into  fiscal  years 
1978,  1979,  and  1980.  The  kinds  of  assistance  specifically  referred 
to  in  the  Act  include  cooperating  with  museums  in  the  United  States 
and  abroad  in  the  continuing  study  of  museum  problems  and  op- 
portunities, preparation  of  museum  publications,  research  in 
museum  techniques,  and  cooperation  with  agencies  of  the  govern- 
ment concerned  with  museums.  Achievement  of  these  objectives  is 
fulfilled  through  the  administration  of  a  series  of  program  grants 
made  available  to  museums,  nonprofit  museum-related  organiza- 
tions and  associations,  academic  institutions,  and  individuals  em- 
ployed or  sponsored  by  eligible  organizations. 

Projects  sponsored  by  the  National  Museum  Act  must  be  of  sub- 
stantial value  to  the  museum  profession  as  a  whole;  they  must 
contribute  to  the  improvement  of  museum  methods  and  practices 
or  to  the  professional  enhancement  of  individuals  entering  or  work- 
ing in  the  museum  field. 

During  1976,  individual  grant  program  descriptions  were  care- 
fully reviewed  and  clarified,  and  distributed  widely,  in  a  new 
format,  to  the  museum  community  and  to  those  institutions  of 
higher  learning  desiring  to  develop  educational  and  training  pro- 
grams in  museum  management  and  other  museum  specializations. 
During  this  year  there  was  also  a  continuing  refinement  and  up- 
dating of  the  administrative  procedures  through  which  grant  appli- 
cations are  received,  evaluated,  awarded,  and  reviewed. 

The  nine  individual  grant  programs  offered  in  1976  can  be 
grouped  into  three  general  categories:  those  affording  increased 
opportunities  for  training  and  education  in  museum  practices;  those 
supporting  special  studies  and  research  activities  related  to  museum 
techniques  and  methods;  and  those  offering  a  variety  of  profes- 
sional and  technical  services  to  museums. 

Financial  resources  for  the  National  Museum  Act  in  fiscal  year 
1976  amounted  to  $768,938,  and  an  additional  appropriation  of 
$194,500    was    made    available    for    the    transition    quarter    (July 


Museum  Programs  I  225 


through  September,  1976).  A  total  of  175  proposals,  requesting 
more  than  $2.9  million  for  project  support,  were  received  from 
applicants  during  the  fifteen-month  period. 

Applications  for  support  are  reviewed  by  an  Advisory  Council 
composed  of  museum  professionals  who  represent  a  cross  section 
of  museum  interests  and  disciplines,  as  well  as  broad  geographic 
regions  of  the  country.  The  Council  also  assists  with  the  determina- 
tion of  policies  governing  the  grant  programs  and  with  the  estab- 
lishment of  standards  which  applicants  must  meet. 

Members  of  the  Advisory  Council  in  1976  were: 

William  T.  Alderson,  Director, 

American  Association  for  State  and  Local  History 
Robert  Feller,  Senior  Fellow,  National  Gallery  of  Art  Research  Project, 

Carnegie-Mellon  Institute  of  Research 
Weldon  D.  Frankforter,  Director,  Grand  Rapids  Public  Museum 
Bonnie  Pitman  Gelles,  Museum  Consultant,  Washington,  D.C. 
Julia  Hotton,  Assistant  Director, 

Public  Affairs  and  Development,  The  Brooklyn  Museum 
Phillip  S.  Humphrey,  Director, 

Museum  of  Natural  History,  University  of  Kansas 
Arminta  Neal,  Assistant  Director,  Denver  Museum  of  Natural  History 
Joseph  Noble,  President,  American  Association  of  Museums 

and  Director,  Museum  of  the  City  of  New  York 
Barnes  Riznik,  Director,  Grove  Farm  Plantation 
Mitchell  Wilder,  Director,  Amon  Carter  Museum  of  Western  Art 
Vernal  L.  Yadon,  Director,  Pacific  Grove  Museum  of  Natural  History 
Paul  N.  Perrot,  Chairman,  Assistant  Secretary  for  Museum  Programs, 

Smithsonian  Institution 

After  review  of  applications  submitted  in  1976,  the  Advisory 
Council  recommended  that  seventy-five  projects  be  funded,  for  a 
total  of  $892,659.  Of  this  amount,  $295,739  was  directed  to  con- 
servation training  and  research  activities  to  be  undertaken  by  appli- 
cants. 

Fifty-seven  of  the  approved  projects  were  associated  with  the 
educational  programs  supported  by  the  Act  and  provided  training 
opportunities  in  one  form  or  another  for  more  than  two  thousand 
individuals  entering  or  working  in  the  museum  field.  Through  the 
Advanced  Academic  Degree  Program,  five  museum  professionals 
were  able  to  undertake  graduate  studies  in  their  areas  of  expertise. 


226   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Seven  individuals  engaged  in  specialized  training  activities  in  con- 
servation techniques  under  the  Stipends  for  Conservation  Studies 
Program.  One  individual,  for  example,  studied  with  a  leading  paper 
conservator  at  the  Royal  Library  in  The  Hague.  Thirteen  grants  for 
Museum  Internships  and  Graduate/Professional  Education  and 
Training  made  it  possible  for  many  beginning  professionals  to  re- 
ceive theoretical  and  practical  training  in  various  museum  functions 
such  as  exhibition,  administration,  education,  conservation,  and 
curation.  Nineteen  museum  professionals  enhanced  their  profes- 
sional museum  skills  through  the  study  of  collections,  operations, 
and  practices  of  museums  in  the  United  States  and  abroad  under 
the  Travel  Program.  Travel  Programs  benefited  not  only  the  indi- 
viduals making  visits  to  other  museums,  but  also  those  colleagues 
with  whom  they  had  come  in  contact  during  the  course  of  their 
studies.  Substantial  numbers  of  the  profession  were  able  to  take 
advantage  of  continuing  educational  and  training  opportunities  pro- 
vided by  thirteen  regional  Seminar/Workshop  Program  grants. 
These  seminars  and  workshops  presented  topics  as  varied  as  ad- 
ministrative procedures  for  the  small  museum,  computer  usage  in 
museums,  and  museum  programs  for  the  handicapped,  and  were 
attended  by  professionals  from  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and 
from  Europe,  Africa,  and  Australia. 

During  1976,  the  National  Museum  Act  supported  eight  projects 
under  the  Special  Studies  and  Research  Program,  among  which 
were  investigations  into  uses  of  ultrasonics  for  art  and  architectural 
conservation,  personnel  policies  within  museums,  and  techniques  of 
paper  conservation. 

Ten  Professional  and  Technical  Assistance  Program  grants  per- 
mitted museums  and  museum  associations  to  offer  specialized 
assistance  to  the  museum  community.  In  several  instances,  assist- 
ance took  the  form  of  consultation  services  for  individual  museums 
seeking  advice  and  guidance  on  conservation,  exhibition  design, 
lighting,  and  similar  matters.  One  important  assistance  project  pro- 
vided the  natural  history  community  with  comprehensive,  central- 
ized information  on  laws  and  regulations  affecting  the  collection, 
accession,  maintenance,  and  transport  of  natural  history  specimens. 

A  list  of  projects  supported  by  the  National  Museum  Act  during 
1976  is  found  in  Appendix  3. 


Museum  Programs  I  227 


Office  of  Exhibits  Central 

The  Bicentennial  programs  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  largely 
dictated  the  direction  and  commitments  of  the  Office  of  Exhibits 
Central  (oec)  in  fiscal  year  1976.  In  one  form  or  another,  oec  par- 
ticipated in  virtually  every  Bicentennial  program.  Occasionally 
oec's  contributions  were  limited  and  specific,  but  more  often  they 
were  continuing  and  extensive;  all  demanded  special  skills. 

In  support  of  the  summer-long  Festival  of  American  Folklife, 
oec  provided  a  range  of  services  from  hand-lettered  signs  to  cine- 
matography, oec's  work  began  months  before  the  Festival,  con- 
tinued for  its  duration,  and  included  directing  many  willing  but  un- 
trained persons  in  techniques  of  exhibit  production. 

Two  prominent  exhibitions  in  which  oec  was  actively  involved 
on  many  levels  were  presented  in  the  Smithsonian  "Castle"  in  con- 
junction with  the  visits  of  Emperor  Hirohito  (October  1975)  and 
Queen  Elizabeth  II  (July  1976).  oec  designed,  produced,  and  in- 
stalled "Art  Treasures  from  the  Imperial  Collections  of  the  Japanese 
Imperial  Household"  and  wrote,  designed,  produced,  and  installed 
"Treasures  of  London."  For  Queen  Elizabeth's  tour  of  the  "Castle," 
oec  engineered  an  unprecedented  but  elegant  exhibition  of  the  most 
extraordinary  and  priceless  gems  in  the  Smithsonian's  collections. 

In  addition  to  its  special  support  of  and  participation  in  the  ex- 
hibitions of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Serv- 
ices, oec  assisted  in  some  way  virtually  every  other  bureau  and 
office  of  the  Smithsonian. 

The  Motion  Picture  Unit  of  oec  received  a  Silver  Plaque  at  the 
11th  International  Film  Festival  for  the  film  Festival  of  American 
Folklife,  1975.  The  film  was  presented  by  the  American  Airlines  In- 
Flight  Theatre  for  thirty  days  and  was  shown  by  thirty-six  tele- 
vision stations.  The  award-winning  film  has  also  been  run  in 
schools,  before  various  special  groups,  and  by  usia  at  international 
film  festivals.  The  Motion  Picture  unit  also  produced  1876,  a  30- 
minute  film  that  tells  the  story  of  the  Centennial  Exposition  (held 
in  1876  at  Philadelphia).  About  300  members  of  the  Smithsonian 
staff  appear  in  the  film;  its  first  prints  have  been  enthusiastically 
received. 

The  oec  Editors'  office  served  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Travel- 
ing Exhibition  Service  in  many  ways,  editing  not  only  exhibition 


228   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


scripts  but  often  also  writing  and  editing  a  wide  range  of  supple- 
mentary materials.  Among  the  most  comprehensive  of  these  pro- 
grams in  1976  were  "White  House  China/'  which  opened  in 
December  at  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 
prior  to  its  tour;  "Toys  from  Switzerland"  (the  larger  of  two  ver- 
sions opened  in  May  at  the  Swiss  Embassy  in  Washington);  "Naive 
Art  of  Yugoslavia";  and  "The  Dye  Is  Now  Cast,"  which  oec  con- 
verted from  a  stationary  exhibition  at  the  National  Portrait  Gallery 
into  a  traveling  version.  Other  exhibits  in  which  the  oec  editors 
figured  prominently  were  the  Hirshhorn's  "Golden  Door,"  a  major 
Bicentennial  exhibit;  the  Leonardo  exhibition  at  mht  (which  like 
"Treasures  of  London"  marked  Queen  Elizabeth's  tour  of  the 
United  States;  and  the  Columbus  exhibition  at  mht,  opened  by 
King  Juan  Carlos  of  Spain. 

The  Museum  Lighting  staff  continued  to  promote  energy  conser- 
vation on  new  lighting  projects  and  upgraded  existing  ones.  The 
staff  also  conducted  workshops  in  museum  lighting  and  provided 
consultation  and  guidance  to  other  museums  throughout  the  nation. 

The  Freeze-Dry  taxidermy  laboratory  continued  to  serve  the 
Smithsonian,  and  assisted  and  trained  personnel  from  other 
museums. 

In  addition  to  the  Lighting  and  Freeze-Dry  staffs,  editors,  de- 
signers, and  others  from  oec  served  as  faculty,  teaching  and  train- 
ing the  professionals  enrolled  in  workshops  and  seminars  that  were 
organized  by  the  Office  of  Museum  Programs. 


Office  of  Horticulture 

On  February  29,  1976,  the  Horticultural  Services  Division  of  the 
Office  of  Plant  Services  was  reorganized  and  transferred  to  the 
Office  of  Museum  Programs  as  the  Office  of  Horticulture  (oh).  At 
the  time  of  transfer,  the  Office  was  given  the  responsibility  for  all 
interior  and  exterior  landscaping  of  the  various  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution museums  and  for  development  of  the  overall  scientific,  re- 
search, educational,  and  display  programs  of  horticulture  for  the 
Institution.  Although  the  discipline  of  horticulture  was  added  to  the 
Institution  in  1972,  it  was  first  recognized  in  1976  as  an  official 
museum  program  rather  than  as  a  maintenance  operation. 


Museum  Programs  I  229 


Throughout  fiscal  year  1976,  the  Office  of  Horticulture  has 
attempted  to  assist  each  of  the  Smithsonian's  museums  and  some 
related  organizations  in  the  presentation  of  their  Bicentennial  exhi- 
bitions. For  example,  oh  provided  consultation  and  horticultural 
plantings  for  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife  and  plants  for 
"America  on  Stage"  and  other  special  events  at  the  John  F. 
Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts.  In  September  1975,  oh 
provided  plantings  of  Japanese  origin  for  the  exhibition  "Art 
Treasures  from  the  Imperial  Collections  of  the  Japanese  Imperial 
Household." 

In  December  1975,  the  Office  of  Horticulture  designed  and  in- 
stalled plantings  for  the  "Centennial  Christmas  Ball"  given  by  the 
Women's  Committee  of  the  Smithsonian  Associates.  All  of  the 
decorations,  including  hundreds  of  yards  of  paper-cut  stars,  bells, 
and  roping,  were  authentic  to  the  1876  era.  The  entire  rotunda  of 
the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History  was  transformed  into  a 
botanical  "conservatory."  The  proceeds  from  this  ball,  totaling 
$20,000,  were  donated  to  oh  for  a  new  "mini-garden"  between  the 
Arts  and  Industries  building  and  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculp- 
ture Garden's  West  Wall.  This  garden  will  be  developed  as  a  five- 
senses  garden  for  the  visually  and  physically  handicapped  and  will 
feature  herbal  and  medicinal  plants  with  aromatic  flowers  and 
foliage  or  unusual  textured  stems  and  will  contain  a  major  water 
feature.  Plans  are  well  underway  for  the  development  of  this 
garden  in  fiscal  year  1977. 

In  the  fall  of  1975,  the  Office  of  Horticulture  installed  120,000 
tulip  bulbs  for  the  spring  display  of  1976,  followed  by  120,000 
summer  annuals  and  5,000  ornamental  flowering  kale  and  cabbage 
for  the  fall  and  winter  season  of  1976.  In  June,  oh  installed  a  new 
perennial  border  along  the  Ninth  Street  underpass  of  the  National 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

In  "The  Federal  City"  exhibit,  oh  provided  documentation  for  the 
horticultural  plantings  of  the  A.  J.  Downing  Plan  for  the  Mall  of 
the  1850s,  as  well  as  interior  plants  for  this  exhibition. 

The  highlight  of  the  Bicentennial  year  was  the  research  and  in- 
stallation of  the  horticultural  plantings  for  the  "1876"  exhibition 
in  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building.  The  Arts  and  Industries  rotunda 
was  selected  as  the  setting  to  evoke  the  great  Horticultural  Hall  of 
the  Centennial  Exposition  in  Philadelphia.  The  Commissioners  of 

230  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Fairmount  Park  agreed  to  a  one-year  loan  of  the  Foley  Fountain 
that  was  the  centerpiece  of  the  Horticultural  Hall.  Within  the 
"1876"  exhibit,  oh  attempted  to  duplicate  the  horticultural  and 
botanical  extravaganza  of  the  Centennial  Exposition  by  installing 
eight  25-foot  Cocos  plumosa,  ten  25-foot  fishtail  palms,  and  one 
25-foot  Ficus  nitida,  along  with  hundreds  of  small  tropicals  includ- 
ing mahogany,  dracaena,  dieffenbachia,  crotons,  and  other  varieties 
of  plants  that  were  known  to  have  been  in  the  displays  in  Horticul- 
tural Hall  in  1876.  A  duplicate  of  the  "Henry  A.  Dreer  Sales  Case," 
installed  in  the  North  Hall,  contains  replicas  of  dried  flower  bou- 
quets, immortelles,  dried  grasses,  floral  initials,  pressed  flower  pic- 
tures, and  other  decorative  objects  known  to  have  been  displayed 
by  the  firm  at  the  Centennial  Exposition.  These  arrangements  were 
researched  and  reproduced  by  the  oh  staff  in  conjunction  with  Ms. 
Sunny  O'Neil  of  Washington,  D.C. 

To  the  west  of  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building,  oh  completed  the 
new  Victorian  Garden  that  complements  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
and  Arts  and  Industries  buildings  and  the  "1876"  exhibition.  This 
new  garden  opened  on  September  27,  1976,  with  authentic  em- 
broidery parterres  and  a  geometric  star  bed  requiring  approximately 
40,000  Alternanthera  bettzicaina  or  Jacob's  Coat.  These  plantings 
were  modeled  after  the  sunken  parterre  at  the  west  end  of  the  Hor- 
ticultural Hall  in  1876.  In  addition,  hardy  trees,  shrubs,  tubbed 
tropicals,  and  annuals  were  installed  to  enhance  the  ambience  of 
the  Centennial.  Within  the  Garden,  Office  of  Horticulture  displays 
its  antique  and  cast-reproduction  collection  of  Victorian  urns, 
benches,  wickets,  and  other  garden  accessories.  Additional  perma- 
nent plantings  and  floral  beds  will  be  added  in  the  spring  of  1977. 

Massive  Victorian  floral  arrangements  were  provided  in  the 
"Castle"  building  for  the  visit  of  Queen  Elizabeth  II  of  Great 
Britain,  and  in  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building  for  Mrs.  Helmut 
Schmidt,  the  First  Lady  of  the  Federal  Republic  of  Germany.  Mrs. 
Schmidt  was  the  first  official  visitor  to  the  New  Victorian  Garden. 
Special  floral  arrangements  were  also  provided  for  the  many  state 
visits  made  to  the  Institution  during  the  Bicentennial  year. 

In  the  summer  of  1976,  oh  assumed  responsibility  for  the  interior 
and  exterior  landscaping  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum 
(July)  and  renovated  the  grounds  and  conservatory  of  the  Cooper- 
Hewitt  Museum  in  New  York  City  (September).  Additional  projects 

Museum  Programs  I  231 


Mr**' 


^■M 


-.  H 


Above.  Mrs.  Helmut  Schmidt,  wife  of  the  West  German  Chancellor,  tours  the 
Smithsonian's  Victorian  Garden  during  a  two-day  visit  to  Washington  with 
her  husband  in  July  1976.  To  the  right  of  Mrs.  Schmidt  is  Assistant  Secretary 
for  Museum  Programs  Paul  N.  Perrot  and  to  the  left  is  James  R.  Buckler,  Chief 
of  the  Office  of  Horticulture.  Below:  Another  view  of  the  Victorian  Garden. 


under  development  include  the  relandscaping  of  the  East  Entrance 
of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Building  and  new  proposals  for  the 
east  side  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum. 

At  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden,  thirty  Weeping 
Beeches  were  installed  in  August  in  the  four  new  planter  boxes  on 
the  East  Plaza.  In  late  September,  twenty-two  evergreen  euonymus, 
Euonymus  fortunei  vegetus  "Sarcoxi,"  were  installed  around  the 
west,  north,  and  east  walls  and  in  the  Sculpture  Garden.  Additional 
landscaping  is  now  under  consideration. 

The  Horticultural  Advisory  Committee  of  the  Institution  met  in 
September  1975  and  May  1976  to  discuss  short-  and  long-term 
projects  for  the  oh,  including  the  Victorian  Garden,  "1876, "  green- 
house-nursery development,  the  Cooper-Hewitt  renovation,  the 
mini-garden  for  the  visually  handicapped,  the  Orchid  Collection, 
the  State  Flower  and  State  Tree  Project,  and  many  other  horticul- 
tural activities,  oh  requested  each  of  the  fifty  states  to  donate  to  the 
Institution  at  least  three  state  flowers  and  state  trees  as  a  Bicenten- 
nial gift.  These  plants  are  being  used  in  a  landscape  scheme  around 
our  museums  and  will  be  appropriately  labeled.  An  Orchid  Subcom- 
mittee of  the  Horticultural  Advisory  Committee  was  established  in 
September  1975  to  develop  a  research,  display,  and  conservation 
collection  of  Orchidaceae.  During  the  past  year  the  Subcommittee 
gave  recommendations  and  assisted  oh  in  maintenance  of  the  orchid 
collection  of  Hillwood  Gardens. 

In  August,  oh  received  the  Grand  Award  from  the  Professional 
Grounds  Management  Society  for  the  best  maintained  overall  gov- 
ernmental complex  in  the  United  States.  This  award  is  based  on  the 
degree  of  difficulty  in  maintaining  a  landscape  and  general  overall 
appearance. 


Office  of  Museum  Programs 

The  increasing  demands  placed  upon  museum  professionals  by  a 
public  evermore  aware  of  the  resources  that  museums  have  to  offer 
and  the  growing  use  of  museum  collections  in  research  and  the  in- 
terpretation of  historic  phenomena  have  made  it  more  imperative 
than  ever  for  members  of  the  museum  profession  to  sharpen  their 
techniques.  Several  distinct  departments  within  the  Office  of  Mu- 


Museum  Programs  I  233 


seum  Programs  concentrate  the  major  part  of  their  activity  on  pro- 
fessional enhancement,  as  well  as  on  research  into  methods  which 
will  increase  the  effectiveness  of  museum  operations. 

The  Conservation  Information  Program  is  circulating  a  series 
of  eighty  video-tape  lectures  on  the  principles  of  conservation 
to  museums  and  related  organizations  across  the  country.  Since 
July  1, 1975,  these  tapes  have  had  505  showings,  and  this  number  is 
expected  to  increase  in  fiscal  year  1977. 

A  series  of  slide  tape  programs  on  various  practical  aspects  of 
conservation  was  completed  and'  is  also  being  circulated  nationally. 
There  were  499  showings  during  the  year.  Programs  on  seven  dif- 
ferent subjects  are  now  available  and  an  additional  five  are  in 
preparation. 

Thirty  workshops  concerned  with  all  phases  of  museum  opera- 
tions including  management,  exhibit  design,  educational  programs, 
curatorial  practices,  registrarial  methods,  publication  development, 
fund-raising,  membership  development,  and  conservation  principles 
have  been  developed.  Participants  come  from  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try and  the  needs  are  so  evident  that  the  variety  of  these  offerings 
will  be  expanded. 

The  Office  of  Museum  Programs  coordinates  the  activities  of 
foreign  and  United  States  interns  who  come  to  Washington  for 
a  period  of  weeks  or  months  to  study  various  aspects  of  museum 
management.  During  the  year,  participants  from  Saudi  Arabia, 
Botswana,  England,  and  Nigeria  were  serviced.  In  addition,  consul- 
tations and  short  visits  were  arranged  for  colleagues  from  India, 
Peru,  Tasmania,  Argentina,  Uruguay,  West  Irian,  Thailand,  Ro- 
mania, Nigeria,  New  Zealand,  and  England.  A  special  training  pro- 
gram for  native  Americans  has  been  developed  in  cooperation  with 
the  Department  of  Anthropology  of  the  National  Museum  of 
Natural  History.  It  is  expected  that  the  program  will  be  operational 
by  mid-year. 

A  two-day  conference  on  the  requirements  of  museum  training 
was  conducted  at  the  Belmont  Conference  Center  in  cooperation 
with  the  National  Museum  Act.  The  meeting  was  attended  by  rep- 
resentatives of  most  of  the  major  museum-training  programs  in  the 
United  States.  This  meeting  led  to  the  creation,  by  the  American 
Association  of  Museums,  of  a  training  committee  that  will  provide 


234   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


ongoing  evaluation  of  museum-training  needs  and  curriculum  re- 
quirements. 

The  Museum  Information  Center  was  established  as  a  branch  of 
the  Smithsonian  Libraries.  Its  primary  responsibility  is  to  assemble 
books,  periodicals,  monographs,  and  research  papers  relating  to 
museum  operations  and  management.  For  the  first  time  such  mate- 
rials have  been  assembled  and  collected  on  a  systematic  basis  and 
are  available  for  use  in  one  location. 

In  its  continued  effort  to  determine  the  effectiveness  of  museum 
displays,  the  Psychological  Studies  Program  completed  a  number  of 
internal  reports.  The  Measurement  and  Facilitation  of  Learning  in 
the  Museum  Environment,  by  Professor  Chandler  Screven  was 
published. 


Office  of  the  Registrar 

The  final  steps  in  decentralization  of  traditional  registration  func- 
tions were  completed  this  year  with  the  distribution  of  resources 
and  responsibilities  to  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology and  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History.  These  two 
museums  (the  only  ones  which  still  lacked  operational  independ- 
ence) now  have  local  control  over  their  own  registration  activities. 

The  Office  of  the  Registrar,  no  longer  encumbered  by  dual  obli- 
gations, is  free  to  concentrate  fully  on  its  primary  responsibility: 
the  information  management  aspect  of  collections  management  at 
the  Institutional  level.  Coordination  of  registration  activities  is 
being  provided  by  the  Central  Registrar  and  the  Council  of  Regis- 
trars whose  role  has  continued  to  expand  during  the  past  year.  In 
addition  to  regular  monthly  meetings  at  which  business  is  trans- 
acted and  featured  professional  discussions  are  presented,  the 
Council  sponsors  a  variety  of  cooperative  projects  in  areas  of 
mutual  concern. 

The  Office  itself,  while  continuing  to  serve  as  a  clearinghouse  for 
Council  matters,  pursues  projects  of  its  own  at  the  Institutional 
level.  In  addition  to  providing  editorial  and  logistics  support  for  the 
Institution's  current  study  of  collections  policy  and  management, 
members  of  the  Office  of  the  Registrar's  staff  are  pursuing  a  num- 


Museum  Programs   I   235 


ber  of  fact-gathering  investigations  for  input  to  the  study  report. 
With  the  conclusion  this  year  of  a  consultant's  study  of  existing  in- 
formation systems  at  the  Institution's  Mall  facilities,  the  Office  has 
begun  a  detailed  review  of  the  consultant's  recommendations  to- 
ward the  objectives  of  implementing  those  plans  deemed  appropri- 
ate and  feasible. 

One  project,  which  started  last  year  as  an  effort  to  develop  Insti- 
tution-wide information  systems  for  access  to  the  national  collec- 
tions, progressed  this  year  to  the  point  where  it  has  generated  an 
entire  family  of  related  projects.  Consequently,  the  Office  is  en- 
gaged in  such  things  as  a  data-element  inventory,  an  analysis  of 
potential  subject  thesauri,  a  critical  review  of  real  as  opposed  to 
imagined  networking  needs,  and  a  feasibility  study  of  data-process- 
ing standards  for  the  storage  and  retrieval  of  information  pertain- 
ing to  collected  objects  and  specimens.  In  connection  with  the 
standards  effort,  the  intent  is  to  use  the  Institution  as  a  catalyst  for 
the  development  of  published  national  and  perhaps  international 
standards  for  use  by  the  collecting  community  as  a  whole. 


Smithsonian  Institution  Archives 

During  fiscal  year  1976,  the  Smithsonian  Archives  moved  to  new 
quarters  in  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building.  New  stack  space  ulti- 
mately will  provide  for  10,000  cubic  feet  of  records  and  manu- 
scripts, while  the  new  reading  room  offers  improved  facilities  for 
patrons.  Much  staff  time  was  devoted  to  the  production  of  a  new 
Guide  to  the  Smithsonian  Archives,  which  is  scheduled  for  publica- 
tion in  1977. 

Work  continued  on  the  records  of  the  National  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology, 
and  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts.  Records  surveys  were 
conducted  at  the  National  Portrait  Gallery  and  the  Cooper-Hewitt 
Museum  of  Decorative  Arts  and  Design.  In  September,  the  Deputy 
Archivist  went  to  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  to  survey  the  records 
of  the  Center  for  Short-Lived  Phenomena,  and  arranged  for  the 
transfer  of  the  Center's  files  to  the  Archives,  in  conjunction  with 
the  Center's  separation  from  the  Smithsonian. 

Major  accessions  were  received   from    the   Smithsonian   Astro- 

236   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


physical  Observatory,  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
and  the  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange.  The  Accession 
Records  of  the  United  States  National  Museum  were  accessioned 
from  the  Office  of  the  Registrar,  and  the  Archives  serviced  the  rec- 
ords for  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History  and  the  National 
Museum  of  History  and  Technology.  Other  accessions  of  note  in- 
clude the  papers  of  Leonard  P.  Schultz  and  Howard  Chapelle,  as 
well  as  additions  to  the  papers  of  Charles  G.  Abbot  and  James  A. 
Peters. 

The  Archives'  Oral  History  Program  was  continued.  Since  the 
program's  inception  in  1974,  over  one  hundred  hours  of  tape,  com- 
prising interviews  with  some  thirty  individuals,  have  been  accumu- 
lated. During  fiscal  year  1976,  Program  emphasis  was  on  the  history 
of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Scholars  continued  to  visit  the  Archives  in  increasing  numbers. 
Several  recent  publications  have  appeared,  based  at  least  in  part  on 
material  in  the  Archives.  Among  them  are:  Nathan  Reingold, 
editor,  The  Papers  of  Joseph  Henry:  November  1832-December 
1835,  The  Princeton  Years  (Washington:  Smithsonian  Institution 
Press,  1975);  Sally  Gregory  Kohlstedt,  The  Formation  of  the  Ameri- 
can Scientific  Community:  The  American  Association  for  the  Ad- 
vancement of  Science,  1848-1860  (Urbana:  University  of  Illinois 
Press,  1976);  and  articles  by  Sally  Gregory  Kohlstedt,  Nathan 
Reingold,  Bruce  Sinclair,  and  Henry  D.  Shapiro,  which  appeared  in 
Alexander  Oleson  and  Sanborn  C.  Brown,  editors,  The  Pursuit  of 
Knowledge  in  the  Early  American  Republic:  American  Scientific  and 
Learned  Societies  from  Colonial  Times  to  the  Civil  War  (Baltimore 
and  London:  Johns  Hopkins  University  Press,  1976). 


Smithsonian  Institution  Libraries 

During  the  Bicentennial  year,  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Libraries 
added  approximately  20,000  volumes  to  the  collections  of  cata- 
logued library  materials.  The  collections  of  the  Library  of  the 
National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  previously  uncatalogued,  were 
fully  catalogued  and  in  place  on  the  shelves  well  in  time  for  the 
Museum's  opening — a  special  project  accomplishment  by  the 
Libraries'  Technical  Services  Division. 


Museum  Programs  I  237 


Dr.  Bern  Dibner's  gift  of  rare  materials  in  the  history  of  science 
and  technology  arrived  from  the  Burndy  Library  in  Norwalk, 
Connecticut.  Among  the  nearly  8,000  volumes  in  the  gift  are  hun- 
dreds of  classical  works,  including  200  epochal  books  and  pamph- 
lets, listed  in  the  Burndy  Library  catalogue,  Heralds  of  Science.  The 
Dibner  Library  is  located  in  a  handsomely  decorated  room  in  the 
National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology  Building,  and  for- 
mally opened  in  the  fall  of  1976.  Other  notable  gifts  are  listed  in 
Appendix  9.  As  in  previous  years,  the  Libraries'  collections  were 
enriched  by  the  many  friends  who  donated  books  to  the  collections. 

The  Libraries  estimated  that,  in  addition  to  the  more  than  793,000 
volumes  of  catalogued  materials,  more  than  200,000  volumes  of  un- 
recorded library  materials  are  owned  by  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion. In  1977  the  Libraries  will  investigate  techniques  for  creating 
a  record  of  these  uncatalogued  materials,  so  that  users  will  have 
greater  accessibility  to  them. 

The  Libraries'  program  placed  a  high  priority  upon  the  building 
and  preservation  of  materials.  A  conservator  and  a  handbinder  were 
recruited  for  the  staff,  and  plans  are  underway  for  a  conservation 
laboratory  at  1111  North  Capitol  Street.  Volumes  which  had  de- 
teriorated were  identified,  and  those  materials  which  are  of  signifi- 
cance to  the  collections  were  microfilmed.  This  marked  the  initiation 
of  a  poor-paper  microfilming  project  for  the  Libraries.  In  addition 
to  the  filming  of  deteriorated  materials,  the  Libraries  began  to  re- 
place long  runs  of  reference  and  bibliographic  materials  with  com- 
mercial microform  editions.  The  critical  space  situation  in  the 
Libraries  makes  this  replacement  imperative.  In  the  future,  an  in- 
creasing number  of  library  materials  will  be  acquired  in  microform 
format,  to  save  both  space  and  money. 

Various  moves  took  place  during  the  year.  The  move  into  the  new 
National  Air  and  Space  Museum  Library,  from  the  old  facility  in 
the  Arts  and  Industries  Building,  has  been  mentioned.  Included  in 
that  Library  is  the  Ramsey  Rare  Book  Room,  which  contains  some 
notable  materials  dealing  with  the  history  of  air  and  space.  The 
Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory  Library  in  Cambridge, 
Massachusetts,  was  physically  consolidated  with  the  Harvard  Col- 
lege Observatory  Library,  although  each  Library  maintains  its  own 
catalogue  and  continues  to  serve  its  own  users.  The  Libraries'  facil- 
ity at  Lamont  Street  was  moved  to  1111   North  Capitol  Street. 

238   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Library  space  on  the  Mall  is  inadequate  to  house  all  of  the  materials 
needed  by  the  Smithsonian  staff  for  the  reasearch,  exhibit,  educa- 
tion, and  public  service  programs  supported  by  the  Libraries;  there- 
fore, more  materials  will  be  housed  at  the  North  Capitol  Street 
facility.  Plans  are  underway  to  refurbish  the  space,  making  it  into 
a  viable  unit. 

The  Libraries  continued  to  make  use  of  advanced  technology.  A 
third  terminal  has  been  acquired  for  communication  with  the  Ohio 
College  Library  Center  (oclc).  In  addition  to  receiving  catalogue 
cards  from  the  more  than  two  million  bibliographic  records  stored 
at  oclc,  in  1976  the  Libraries  began  to  contribute  original  cata- 
loguing to  the  oclc  data  base.  The  Libraries  received  catalogue 
cards  of  the  original  work,  and  the  oclc  data  base  is  enriched. 

The  union  list  of  more  than  14,000  serials  currently  received  by 
the  Libraries  has  been  printed  by  the  computer.  This  year  an  experi- 
ment was  undertaken  to  produce  the  record  in  computer  output 
microform  (com),  as  another  attempt  to  use  microform  to  save 
space  and  funds.  The  Libraries'  converted,  machine-readable  files 
can  be  economically  reproduced  in  multiple  copies  for  distribution 
to  the  Libraries'  branches  as  needed. 

Several  units  in  the  Libraries  were  reorganized.  The  Bibliographic 
Support  Services  unit  was  established.  This  unit  supports  both 
Acquisitions  Services  and  Cataloguing  Services  by  performing  all 
of  the  bibliographic  searching  and  verification  required  for  acquir- 
ing and  cataloguing  materials,  thus  reducing  duplication  of  effort. 
In  addition,  the  Bibliographic  Support  Services  unit  is  responsible 
for  scheduling  use  of  the  oclc  terminals  and  for  accepting  oclc 
catalogue  copy  when  no  revisions  are  required  by  professional 
cataloguers. 

The  support  functions  of  the  Libraries  were  consolidated  in  a 
newly  created  Office  of  Management  and  Development.  The  Office 
is  responsible  for  planning,  budgeting,  management  and  fiscal  in- 
formation reporting,  fiscal  record-keeping,  supplies,  equipment, 
space  utilization,  personnel,  and  systems  development. 

An  intensive  study  of  a  randomly  selected  sample  of  700  Smith- 
sonian Institution  staff  members  was  completed.  The  resulting  "Re- 
port of  Survey  of  Smithsonian  Institution  Libraries  Users"  was 
distributed  to  all  Smithsonian  units.  In  general,  users  expressed 
satisfaction  with  the  Libraries'  services  and  collections.  The  results 


Museum  Programs  I  239 


of  the  survey  were  intensively  reviewed  by  the  Libraries'  staff  and 
users,  in  order  to  plan  ways  to  improve  the  services  and  collections. 


Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 

Fiscal  year  1976  was  a  busy  one  for  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
Traveling  Exhibition  Service  (sites).  In  addition  to  the  normal  in- 
auguration of  new  exhibitions,  exhibits  produced  with  special  con- 
gressional appropriations  for  the  Bicentennial  began  their  tours, 
making  a  total  for  the  year  of  48  new  titles,  or  114  new  exhibitions 
counting  duplicates  and  additional  versions. 

Supplementing  these  exhibitions  were  nineteen  publications, 
among  them  major  catalogues,  such  as  American  Art  in  the  Mak- 
ing, American  Presidential  China,  and  Workers  and  Allies:  Female 
Participation  in  the  American  Trade  Union  Movement,  1824-1976. 
In  addition,  smaller  catalogues,  brochures,  and  posters  were  pro- 
duced by  sites  to  accompany  new  exhibitions. 

Bicentennial  exhibitions  dominated  the  year's  program,  sites 
planning  for  the  Bicentennial  began  in  fiscal  year  1975,  with  a  com- 
mitment to  double  its  audience  and  the  number  of  available  exhibi- 
tions dealing  with  aspects  of  American  history  and  culture.  Realiz- 
ing that  sites  was  the  only  national  traveling  exhibition  service 
that  would  offer  such  shows  for  Bicentennial  programs,  and 
recognizing  that  it  would  be  impossible  to  meet  the  projected 
demand  with  expensive  exhibitions  of  original  artifacts,  sites  de- 
veloped the  "information  core"  exhibition  concept.  The  idea  was 
simple,  new,  and  exciting.  An  exhibitor  would  provide  his  own 
artifacts  to  supplement  an  exhibition  on  a  complementary  theme. 
sites  set  to  work  with  a  list  of  possible  "information  core"  topics: 
furniture,  music,  photography,  political  history,  and  agriculture. 
Enthusiastic  curators  throughout  the  Smithsonian  either  volun- 
teered themselves  and  their  staffs  to  develop  exhibits  or  recom- 
mended specialists  whom  sites  placed  on  contract.  Eleven  "infor- 
mation core"  exhibitions  produced  a  total  of  fifty-three  shows. 
Workbooks  written  and  compiled  by  the  sites  education  staff  were 
provided  to  each  exhibitor,  to  aid  planning  activities  and  installa- 
tions. 

These    "information    core"    exhibitions,    combined    with    panel 


240   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Left.  Montgomery  College  Gallery  in  Rockville,  Maryland,  was  the  site  for  a 
local  showing  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service's 
"Contemporary  Crafts  of  the  Americas."  Right.  Mayor  Paul  Soglin  of  Madi- 
son, Wisconsin,  opens  sites  exhibition  "Workers  and  Allies"  at  the  City- 
County  Building. 


shows  developed  and  produced  from  major  Smithsonian  exhibitions 
(such  as  "The  Dye  Is  Now  Cast"  of  the  National  Portrait  Gallery 
and  the  Henry  Luce  Hall  of  News  Reporting  of  the  National 
Museum  of  History  and  Technology),  often  constituted  the  basic 
program  for  a  community's  Bicentennial  observances.  For  example, 
between  six  and  ten  sites  exhibitions  were  seen  in  Junction  City, 
Kansas;  Middletown,  Ohio;  Wichita,  Kansas;  and  throughout  the 
state  of  Wisconsin  (under  the  sponsorship  of  that  state's  Bicenten- 
nial Commission).  These  exhibitions  were  supplemented  by  activi- 
ties as  varied  as  band  concerts;  bicycle  parades;  costumed  openings; 
couturier  workshops;  demonstrations  of  printing  presses,  spinning 
wheels,  and  looms;  miniature  reenactments  of  Revolutionary  War 
battles;  and  many  speakers,  films,  and  school  group  tours. 

Bicentennial  exhibitions  of  original  art  and  artifacts  that  began 
their  tours  in  fiscal  year  1976  include:  "American  Presidential 
China,"  which  opened  at  the  National  Museum  of  History  and 
Technology;  "American  Prints  from  Wood,"  which  includes  a  tech- 
nical section  on  making  wood  prints;  "Lilliput,  USA,"  an  exhibition 


Museum  Programs  I  241 


4 


/; 


Queen  Elizabeth  II  visits  sites  exhibition  "Treasures  from  London"  shown  in 
the  Smithsonian's  "Castle"  before  going  on  tour.  With  Her  Majesty  are  Chief 
Justice  Warren  E.  Burger  and  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley.  The  exhibit,  which 
showed  five  hundred  years  of  British  silver,  was  produced  by  The  Worshipful 
Company  of  Goldsmiths  of  London. 


of  miniature  furnishings;  and  "Twenty  Bicentennial  Banners,"  an 
edition  of  which  was  shown  all  summer  at  the  Hirshhorn  Museum 
and  Sculpture  Garden. 

The  sites  "International  Salute  to  the  States"  program  (iss), 
which  sponsors  tours  of  major  international  exhibitions,  got  under- 
way in  fiscal  year  1976  and  was  highlighted  by  Queen  Elizabeth's 
visit  to  the  "Treasures  from  London"  exhibition  at  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  "Castle."  Ten  other  iss  exhibitions  began  their  tours, 
including:  "Silverworks  from  Rio  de  la  Plata,  Argentina";  "The 
Fourth  Part  of  the  World,"  a  major  exhibition  from  Australia; 
"Edvard  Munch:  The  Major  Graphics,"  from  Norway;  and  "Naive 
Art  in  Yugoslavia." 

Nineteen  additional  exhibitions  are  currently  planned  for  the  iss 
program.  Most  of  these  are  in  the  final  stages  of  organization  and 
production,  with  only  a  few  remaining  under  negotiation.  The  sites 


242   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


staff  has  been  preparing  or  contributing  to  major  publications  or 
educational  materials  for  almost  every  exhibition  in  this  program. 

Support  funds  from  the  American  Revolution  Bicentennial  Ad- 
ministration for  the  sites  program  and  from  special  appropriations 
have  contributed  to  a  substantial  increase  in  the  size  and  scope  of 
sites'  program.  An  American  Studies  Office  within  sites  has  been 
established  to  maintain  exhibit  offerings  in  this  field. 

sites  increased  its  participation  in  professional  museum  services 
by  cooperating  again  with  George  Washington  University's  Museum 
Education  Program,  and  training  interns  by  holding  a  week-long 
seminar  on  traveling  exhibitions  for  museum  professionals,  under 
the  sponsorship  of  the  Office  of  Museum  Programs.  Staff  members 
also  attended  and  spoke  at  various  national  and  regional  museum 
conferences,  sites  developed  a  fifteen-minute  slide  program  of  its 
activities  for  such  conferences,  seminars,  and  orientation  sessions. 

sites  staff  members  traveled  extensively  during  the  past  fiscal 
year,  negotiating  new  exhibitions  and  inspecting  those  on  tour. 
Visits  were  made  to  Argentina,  Austria,  France,  Norway,  Tunisia, 
Finland,  Belgium,  Yugoslavia,  Hungary,  Canada,  Switzerland,  and 
Iran,  as  well  as  to  many  cities  within  the  United  States. 

sites  expanded  its  annual  catalogue  of  available  exhibitions, 
Update,  to  a  larger  format,  allowing  a  full  page  for  each  exhibition 
description.  Update  is  mailed  annually  to  approximately  12,000 
interested  organizations  and  individuals. 

Totals  for  Period  July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976 

Number  of  Bookings 790 

Number  of  States  Served 48 

Estimated  Audience 8,016,000 

Exhibitions  (including  duplicates)  listed  in 

last  Update  (catalogue  of  sites  exhibitions) 212 

Exhibitions  Produced  for  Tour  During  the  Year 

(including  duplicates  and  additional  versions) 114 

Exhibitions  Refurbished  for  Extended  Tour 

(including  duplicates  and  additional  versions) 9 


Museum  Programs  I   2A3 


Basically  the  summer-long  Festival  of  American  Folklife  was  just  folks  .  .  . 
some  three  to  four  million  people  from  all  over  the  country  who  came  to 
share  in  the  story  of  what  being  an  American  during  the  two-hundredth-year 
celebration  meant  to  them.  The  Festival  in  Washington  culminated  ten  years 
of  celebrating  the  vital  and  continuing  folk  traditions,  arts,  and  skills  of 
America. 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 
PUBLIC  SERVICE 


For  those  whose  main  concern  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution  is 
the  vital  and  demanding  area  known  as  Public  Service,  the  past  year 
was  unusual  and  busy,  highlighted  by  the  national  observance  of 
the  American  Revolution  Bicentennial.  New  and  diverse  opportuni- 
ties arising  from  the  Bicentennial  celebration  provided  the  Smith- 
sonian with  the  opportunity  to  tell  audiences  totaling  many  millions 
about  the  past,  present,  and  future  of  their  nation,  as  well  as  about 
the  Institution  that  is  viewed  as  the  "trustee  of  the  nation's  heri- 
tage." 

The  Bicentennial  stimulated  all  of  the  Public  Service  divisions  to 
develop  and  offer  activities  and  programs  that  appropriately  marked 
the  nation's  birthday  and  brought  new  facts  and  insights  to  those 
who  came  to  Washington  for  observance.  A  central  mission  of 
Public  Service  is  the  "diffusion  of  knowledge"  in  a  challenging  era 
when  a  growing  desire  has  been  felt  among  Americans  of  all  ages 
to  learn  more  about  their  society  and  the  world  in  which  they  live. 

An  enthusiastic  public  response  greeted  the  summer-long  Bicen- 
tennial Festival  of  American  Folklife.  Several  million  people 
attended  the  twelve-week  event  presented  by  the  Division  of  Per- 
forming Arts  with  the  National  Park  Service  and  sponsored  by 
American  Airlines  and  General  Foods.  More  than  5,000  participants 
from  each  of  the  50  states,  38  foreign  countries,  55  unions  and 
organizations,  and  116  native  American  tribal  groups  from  every 
region  of  the  United  States  took  part  in  the  songs,  dances,  crafts, 
and  activities  that  expressed  their  heritage. 

In  an  editorial  published  upon  the  close  of  the  highly  successful 
Festival,  the  Washington  Post  said,  in  part: 

"There  seems  to  be  general  agreement  that  the  Festival  of  Ameri- 


245 


can  Folklife  was  among  the  most  inspired  and  inspiring  events  in 
the  nation's  Bicentennial  celebration." 

Public  Service  is  directing  a  comprehensive  assessment  of  how, 
when,  and  if  such  festivals  might  be  staged  by  the  Smithsonian  in 
the  post-Bicentennial  period.  Meanwhile,  wide  and  appreciative 
recognition  has  been  paid  to  the  imagination,  skill,  and  devotion  of 
the  Division  of  Performing  Arts  in  presenting  what  was  probably 
the  largest  continuing  outdoor  event  in  the  history  of  the  Institu- 
tion. 

In  addition  to  the  Festival,  the  Division  of  Performing  Arts  pre- 
pared for  innovations  in  its  regular  winter  concert  series  which  is 
so  popular  in  Washington.  A  new  series  on  country  guitar  was 
arranged  with  some  of  the  finest  players  in  America,  as  well  as 
programs  on  "The  Blues,"  "American  Popular  Song,"  and  "Jazz 
Heritage." 

The  Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum  continued  its  production 
of  specially  developed  exhibitions  to  mark  the  Bicentennial:  "Black 
Women:  Achievements  Against  the  Odds,"  which  opened  in  late 
1975;  "The  Frederick  Douglass  Years,"  which  will  be  distributed 
nationally  through  the  Smithsonian  Institution's  Traveling  Exhibi- 
tion Service;  and  "The  Anacostia  Story."  The  latter  two  are  in  the 
final  stages  of  production. 

The  Anacostia  Museum's  Exhibits  and  Design  Laboratory  build- 
ing opened  formally  in  late  1975.  On  July  20,  1976,  the  center  was 
damaged  by  a  serious  fire  that  temporarily  interrupted  production 
of  "The  Frederick  Douglass  Years"  and  "The  Anacostia  Story." 
Funds  are  being  authorized  to  repair  the  center  in  a  manner  that  will 
reduce  hazards  associated  with  exhibits  production. 

The  Resident  Associate  Program  provided  a  quality  program  of 
continuing  education  for  Washington  area  residents  by  offering 
unique  educational  experiences  consonant  with  the  research,  collec- 
tions, and  exhibitions  of  the  Institution.  Even  though  no  new  mem- 
bers were  actively  sought,  a  net  gain  of  5,500  memberships  was 
recorded  for  the  year,  and  the  annual  renewal  rate  reached  a  new 
high  of  79.6  percent. 

Smithsonian  magazine  continued  its  remarkable  growth  in  pop- 
ularity during  the  sixth  year  of  its  publication.  Readership  grew  to 
1.3  million. 

The  Office  of  Public  Affairs  experienced  unprecedented  demands 

246   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


for  information  and  published  materials  to  assist  the  press  and  Bi- 
centennial visitors.  Outstanding  among  the  many  events  for  which 
the  Office  of  Special  Events  made  arrangements  was  the  July  visit 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  II,  during  which  she  paused  at  the  crypt  of 
James  Smithson,  viewed  the  exhibit  on  Washington,  D.C.,  "The 
Federal  City,"  and  was  then  presented  with  a  resolution  of  the 
Congress  in  appreciation  of  James  Smithson's  bequest. 

The  Office  of  Telecommunications  was  established  as  a  separate 
entity  in  recognition  of  the  importance  of  television,  radio,  and 
films  as  major  means  of  public  education  and  enrichment. 

With  a  reorganized  and  augmented  staff,  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution Press  significantly  increased  its  production  of  Smithsonian- 
related  scholarly  books  and  improved  its  performance  in  the  trade- 
book-publishing  field. 

The  Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education  expanded  its 
teacher-workshop  and  school-publications  program.  A  summer  in- 
tern program  brought  twenty-four  high  school  students  from  rural 
and  inner-city  communities  for  projects  under  Smithsonian  staff 
guidance.  The  Office  also  coordinated  efforts  to  promote  equal 
access  for  handicapped  visitors  to  exhibits  and  programs. 

The  Office  of  Symposia  and  Seminars  organized  two  major  activi- 
ties related  to  the  Bicentennial  year.  The  Office  conducted  work- 
shops as  a  part  of  its  continuing  "Your  Own  American  Experience" 
program  which  encourages  nonnative  Americans  to  find  out  and 
record  where  they  came  from  and  how  they  got  here  and  to  trace 
what  has  happened  to  them  since.  An  international  conference, 
"The  United  States  in  the  World,"  brought  distinguished  foreign 
specialists  together  to  give  presentations  on  American  influences 
abroad  in  agriculture,  public  health,  education,  labor,  architecture, 
music,  journalism,  and  film. 

Reading  Is  Fundamental  (rif)  celebrated  its  tenth  anniversary  as 
a  national,  nonprofit  program  designed  to  motivate  children  to 
read.  The  number  of  rif  programs  increased  to  over  400  in  47  states 
and  the  District  of  Columbia.  One  of  rif's  major  Bicentennial  proj- 
ects was  a  guide  to  book  selection  for  general  use.  More  than  9,800 
copies  of  this  guide  were  distributed  to  public  libraries  across  the 
nation. 

The  Visitor  Information  and  Associates'  Reception  Center  per- 
formed myriad  services  for  the  Bicentennial  visitors,  who,  though 

Public  Service  I  247 


less  numerous  than  had  been  anticipated,  nevertheless  required  the 
dedicated  counsel  of  some  187  volunteers.  With  the  permanent  staff 
of  17,  these  volunteers  handled  more  than  200,000  telephone  in- 
quiries and  many  hundreds  of  thousands  of  visitor  demands  for 
information.  Several  hundred  thousand  orientation  brochures  were 
distributed  to  visitors  by  the  Center's  staff. 

The  International  Exhange  Service  continued  the  program  estab- 
lished in  1851  of  exchanging  publications  of  this  country  with  those 
of  other  nations. 


Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum 

Begun  nine  years  ago  as  a  community  museum,  the  Anacostia 
Neighborhood  Museum  (anm)  has  now  grown  into  an  institution 
with  an  audience  that  extends  from  Anacostia  to  cities,  large  and 
small,  across  the  nation.  Through  its  exhibitions,  approaches  to 
education,  programs,  and  catalogues,  the  Anacostia  Neighborhood 
Museum  continues  to  attract  museologists,  students,  interns,  and 
visitors  from  around  the  country  and  from  as  far  away  as  Africa 
and  Guam.  Scholars  and  students  from  local  and  national  colleges 
and  universities  come  to  share  in  the  experience  of  creating  a  cul- 
tural institution. 

The  Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum  has  worked  to  broaden 
its  appeal  and  to  involve  large  numbers  of  minorities  in  a  participa- 
tory program  that  builds  positive  images  of  ethnic  groups,  which, 
for  too  long,  have  not  been  equitably  represented  in  the  great  exhi- 
bition halls  of  the  more  traditional  museums.  One  expression  of  this 
commitment  is  the  Museum's  oral  history  program,  which  has  its 
origins  in  the  African  heritage.  This  commitment  is  also  evidenced 
in  the  Museum's  ongoing  research  of  local  history,  documenting  the 
contributions  of  blacks,  German  sharecroppers,  English  and  Scottish 
immigrants,  and  others  who  peopled  the  region  known  today  as 
Anacostia.  The  Museum  has  also  sought  collateral  relationships 
with  private  and  governmental  museums  and  institutions,  affording 
larger  audience  participation  in  this  cultural  awakening.  One  result 
of  these  collaborative  efforts  was  the  John  Robinson  exhibition  that 
was  presented  at  the  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art.  The  show  offered  a 


248   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


retrospective  display  of  the  creative  talents  and  skills  of  an  Ana- 
costian  Afro-American  artist. 

Clearly,  the  Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum  has  not  adopted 
an  isolationist  policy:  while  sensitive  to  the  needs  and  aspirations 
of  the  local  residents,  the  Museum  is  not  parochial  in  its  exhibits, 
programs,  or  outlook.  In  conjunction  with  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion Traveling  Exhibition  Service,  the  Museum  will  be  circulating 
exhibits  that  it  has  researched,  designed,  and  produced  to  communi- 
ties throughout  the  nation. 

Programs  conducted  in  the  museum  included  a  Young  People's 
Film  Festival  and  activities  designed  to  support  and  complement 
anm's  two  Bicentennial  exhibits,  "Blacks  in  the  Westward  Move- 
ment" and  "Black  Women:  Achievements  Against  the  Odds."  Audi- 
ences participated  in  workshops,  conducted  by  an  American  Indian, 
that  focused  on  the  cultural  and  religious  life  of  the  Sioux  and 
allowed  them  to  share  some  of  the  Sioux  nation's  customs  and 
foods.  A  highly  successful  lecture  series  "Black  Women  Speak," 
accompanied  the  "Black  Women"  exhibition.  Conducted  in  the 
Museum's  exhibit  hall  and  in  the  community,  the  series  addressed 
a  number  of  topics  of  interest  and  sparked  provocative  discussions 
between  students,  residents,  and  lecturers,  who  brought  expertise 
from  such  varied  disciplines  as  education,  psychology,  psychiatry, 
medicine,  folk  history,  and  social  work.  This  continuing  program, 
initiated  at  the  beginning  of  the  month-long  celebration  of  the  study 
of  Afro-American  life  and  history,  opened  its  fall  series  with  an 
address  by  the  Honorable  Shirley  Chisholm.  Her  speech  marked 
the  observance  of  the  Museum's  ninth  anniversary. 

The  study,  collection,  and  preservation  of  Anacostia  history  have 
led  to  the  development  of  the  Museum's  concluding  Bicentennial 
exhibit,  "The  Anacostia  Story,"  which  culminates  over  four  years 
of  research,  begun  when  anm  initiated  its  oral  history  project.  A 
rekindling  of  interest  in  local  history  is  evidenced  by  the  growing 
membership  of  the  Anacostia  Historical  Society.  Community  en- 
thusiasm has  been  demonstrated  by  the  involvement  and  participa- 
tion of  residents. 

Through  the  acquisition  of  primary  source  materials  and  library 
volumes,  the  Center  for  Anacostia  Studies  has  significantly  in- 
creased its  research  capabilities.  Archival  materials  now  available 


Public  Service  I  249 


Visitors  at  the  opening  of  the  Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum's  Bicentennial 
exhibition  "Black  Women:  Achievements  Against  the  Odds,"  learn  about 
more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  outstanding  black  women,  who  are  repre- 
sented in  the  exhibition  by  photographs,  texts,  artifacts,  letters,  and  other 
memorabilia. 


in  microfilm  may  be  used  by  graduate  students  and  scholars  and 
include  census  and  tax  records,  the  Emancipation  Commission  rec- 
ords (1861-1863),  correspondence  and  records  of  the  Freedmen's 
Bureau,  and  volumes  of  Crises,  the  official  organ  of  the  naacp.  The 
Center  for  Anacostia  Studies  also  houses  the  Museum's  first  collec- 
tion: tapes  and  video-tapes  of  oral  history  interviews,  primary 
source  documents,  photographs,  artifacts,  and  memorabilia.  This 
collection  represents  an  important  assemblage  of  eyewitness  ac- 
counts of  early  Anacostia  history,  some  items  dating  back  to  1792. 


Division  of  Performing  Arts 

To  celebrate  200  years  of  America's  cultural  heritage,  the  Division 
of  Performing  Arts  focused  on  research  and  presentations  about  the 
roots  of  American  culture. 


250   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Efforts  were  organized  around  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife, 
Music  at  the  Museum  programs,  and  expanded  publication  of  re- 
cordings under  the  Smithsonian  Collection  label.  The  Division 
combined  forces  with  the  Division  of  Musical  Instruments  and  the 
National  Associates  for  special  Bicentennial  projects,  the  Haydn 
Festival,  and  a  national  tour  of  a  production  of  "Music  and  Dance 
from  the  Age  of  Jefferson." 

The  Ninth  Annual  Festival  of  American  Folklife  in  the  summer 
of  1975  became  a  major  dress  rehearsal  for  the  summer-long  Bicen- 
tennial "museum  out  of  doors"  in  1976.  More  than  nine  hundred 
performers  from  Germany,  Lebanon,  Ghana,  Jamaica,  Japan,  Italy, 
and  Mexico,  as  well  as  workers  in  transportation,  Native  Americans 
from  the  Iroquois  Confederacy,  and  participants  from  California 
and  the  Heartland  States  were  involved  in  the  1976  Festival. 
Preparations  for  the  Bicentennial  Festival  necessitated  field  surveys 
by  nearly  one  hundred  folklorists,  who  interviewed  and  selected  the 
participants.  The  Festival  featured  5,000  persons  from  38  foreign 
countries,  55  unions  and  organizations,  and  116  Native  American 
tribal  groups,  demonstrating  the  astonishingly  rich  folk  heritage 
that  is  uniquely  American.  Following  the  Festival,  the  performers 
from  foreign  countries  were  sent  on  tour,  filling  over  one  hundred 
engagements  in  more  than  fifty  American  cities.  About  five  million 
persons  attended  the  12-week  event,  which  was  presented  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution  and  the  National  Park  Service  and  was 
sponsored  by  American  Airlines  and  General  Foods. 

As  the  principal  organization  responsible  for  live  performances 
at  the  Smithsonian,  the  Division  offered  a  wide  range  of  jazz,  popu- 
lar, classical  and  oriental  music,  and  dance.  Many  presentations 
were  accompanied  by  free  workshops,  master  classes,  and  open 
rehearsals.  Music  was  offered  under  eight  different  category  head- 
ings, each  seeking  out  the  best  of  the  old  and  the  new.  The  cultural 
contributions  of  a  number  of  leading  American  artists  were  thus 
honored  at  the  Smithsonian,  including  a  fiftieth  anniversary  cele- 
bration of  the  Mills  Brothers,  Mable  Mercer  in  concert,  an  evening 
of  jazz  tap  dancing,  banjo  music  by  Grandpa  Jones,  young  virtuoso 
artists  with  Music  from  Marlboro,  and  contemporary  composers 
featured  by  the  Theater  Chamber  Players.  Weekly  events,  spon- 
sored with  the  Division  of  Musical  Instruments  of  the  National 
Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  attracted  some  sixteen  thou- 

Public  Service  I  251 


- 


{  v> 


Above.  A  logging  sports  carnival  from  Pennsylvania  demonstrated  regional 
skills  at  rolling,  topping,  and  sawing  logs  by  champion  woodsmen.  This  Fes- 
tival highlight  event  was  repeated  later  in  the  summer  with  participants  from 
the  Pacific  Northwest.  Audiences  were  thrilled  to  watch  competitions  between 
man  and  machine  in  which  man  won!  Below.  In  the  Working  Americans  area 
of  the  Festival,  Workers  Who  Build  featured  ironworkers  on  high  girders 
erecting  a  structure,  answering  questions  from  visitors,  and  having  fun. 
Bricklayers,  carpenters,  electrical  workers,  and  engineers  all  demonstrated 
skills. 


Above.  The  African  Diaspora  area  presented  the  cultural  experience  of  Black 
Americans  paying  tribute  to  those  aspects  of  culture  that  link  Black  Americans 
to  Africa,  the  Caribbean,  and  Latin  America.  Musical  presentations  included 
gospel  and  Black  sacred  music,  jazz  and  night-life  music,  drums  and  songs 
from  three  continents.  The  Trinidad  Steel  Band  from  Washington,  D.C., 
roused  young  and  old  in  the  crowd.  Below.  A  glimpse  backstage  at  the  working 
rehearsal  of  the  Joffrey  Ballet  II  company  was  a  fascinating  presentation  by 
workers  in  the  performing  arts.  Clowns,  actors,  designers,  musicians,  and 
announcers  were  others  participating  in  this  Working  Americans  theme.  More 
than  fifty  unions  and  organizations  participated  throughout  the  summer. 


Left.  This  reissue  captures  a  fruitful  year  in  the  career  of  a  great  American 
composer.  Right.  An  original  recording  that  highlights  little-known  corners 
of  ragtime  history. 


sand  persons,  and  featured  rarely  performed  music,  including  a 
Haydn  puppet  opera,  played  on  original  instruments  from  one  of 
the  world's  largest  collections. 

Glowing  critical  reception  greeted  release  of  five  recordings 
under  the  Smithsonian  Collection  label:  reissues  of  the  music  of 
King  Oliver,  Louis  Armstrong,  and  Earl  Hines;  three  new  record- 
ings of  Classic  Rags,  Music  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson,  and  Piano 
Music  of  Ferdinand  "Jelly  Roll"  Morton,  James  Dapogny,  pianist. 
The  standard-bearer  of  the  series,  The  Smithsonian  Collection  of 
Classic  Jazz,  continued  to  reach  an  admiring  public.  The  recordings, 
available  nationally,  are  specially  priced  for  Smithsonian  As- 
sociates. 

The  program  "Music  and  Dance  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson,"  pro- 
duced for  a  Washington  premiere,  was  recorded  as  Music  from 
the  Age  of  Jefferson,  and  toured  five  cities  selected  for  their  geo- 
graphic representation:  Charlotte,  Atlanta,  Houston,  San  Francisco, 
and  Cleveland. 


International  Exchange  Service 

In  1851,  the  Smithsonian  Institution  established  the  international 
exchange  system  to  provide  a  means  for  exchanging  current  Smith- 


254   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


sonian  publications  for  the  transactions  and  proceedings  of  schol- 
arly institutions  in  other  countries.  Other  learned  bodies  in  the 
United  States  were  allowed  to  participate  by  exchanging  their  pub- 
lications with  those  of  foreign  organizations.  In  1886,  the  service 
was  designated  as  the  bureau  through  which  United  States  Gov- 
ernment publications  are  exchanged  with  foreign  governments  for 
their  official  publications.  This  exchange  includes  the  daily  issues  of 
the  Congressional  Register,  Federal  Register,  the  weekly  issues  of 
the  Compilations  of  Presidential  Documents,  and  all  other  publica- 
tions designated  by  the  Library  of  Congress  for  depository  libraries. 
This  program  continues  to  provide  service  to  many  colleges,  uni- 
versities, scientific  societies,  and  medical  and  dental  libraries  in  the 
United  States  in  exchange  with  similar  organizations  in  countries 
throughout  the  world. 


Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education 

Fiscal  year  1976  brought  new  opportunities  and  new  directions  to 
the  Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education  (oese). 

In  March  1976,  as  part  of  a  growing  national  program  for  ele- 
mentary and  secondary  schools,  the  experimental  newspaper  Art 
to  Zoo  was  launched.  This  new  four-page  publication  is  designed  to 
promote  the  use  of  museums,  parks,  libraries,  zoos,  and  other 
community  resources  by  students  and  teachers  throughout  the 
nation.  Two  pilot  issues  were  circulated  this  past  spring  among 
236  teachers  in  35  schools  across  the  United  States.  Art  to  Zoo  will 
be  distributed  to  a  wider  number  of  teachers  during  the  1976-1977 
school  year,  and  a  series  of  regional  workshops  for  school  and 
museum  educators  will  be  given  in  conjunction  with  the  publication. 
The  first  of  these  workshops— to  be  held  in  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania, 
in  November  1976— will  involve  the  participation  of  two  school  sys- 
tems and  ten  cultural  institutions  from  the  Lancaster  area. 

On  the  local  level,  in  keeping  with  its  responsibility  to  encourage 
cooperation  and  exchange  of  information  among  the  Smithsonian 
education  offices  and  between  those  offices  and  the  District  of 
Columbia  schools,  oese  continues  to  offer  a  number  of  programs 
that  have  proven  successful  in  the  past.  The  first  of  these  involves 
two  publications  designed  specifically  for  a  local  audience:  Let's 

Public  Service  I  255 


Teachers  study  ancient  bones  and 
stone  tools  during  Office  of  Elemen- 
tary and  Secondary  Education's 
workshop  on  museum  teaching 
methods. 


Go  (a  monthly  newsletter)  and  Learning  Opportunities  for  Schools 
(an  annual  brochure).  These  publications,  sent  free  to  over  1,300 
area  schools,  tell  teachers  of  the  ever-growing  variety  of  Smith- 
sonian services  available  to  young  people,  and  suggest  ways  of 
using  museums  as  educational  resources.  Another  local  program  is 
Teacher's  Day,  held  annually.  Teacher's  Day  in  1976  brought  more 
than  seventy  Washington-area  teachers  and  the  Smithsonian  edu- 
cation staff  together  for  an  informal  program  of  special  activities, 
including  an  introduction  to  the  educational  materials  developed  by 
oese  for  use  with  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition." 

Local  teachers  are  also  reached  through  an  oese  workshop  and 
seminar  program,  now  in  its  fifth  year.  During  fiscal  1976,  a  total  of 
2,400  teachers  participated  in  84  workshops  and  seminars,  includ- 
ing 3  summer  courses  at  which  curriculum  units  based  on  Smith- 
sonian resources  were  developed  for  use  in  the  classroom.  Ongoing 
summer  workshops  consisted  of  an  orientation  program,  "Tuesdays 
at  the  Smithsonian;"  a  seminar  on  museum  teaching  methods;  and 
a  3-week  special  in-service  course  given  in  cooperation  with  the 


256  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Fairfax   County  Park  Authority  and   the   Fairfax   County  Public 
Schools. 

In  June,  July,  and  August  1975,  an  OESE-sponsored  pilot  program 
for  summer  interns  brought  twenty-two  promising  high  school 
seniors  from  rural  and  inner-city  communities  to  the  Smithsonian  to 
engage  in  learning  service  projects.  The  students  worked  under  the 
guidance  of  curatorial  and  professional  staff  members  in  various 
parts  of  the  Institution.  One  intern,  Mr.  Eric  Seip,  assisted  in  the 
dismantling  of  the  Dunham  School  classroom,  which  is  now  a  part 
of  "A  Nation  of  Nations"  exhibition.  In  1976,  the  Summer  Intern 
Program  had  twenty-four  participating  students.  A  grant  from  the 
DeWitt  Wallace  Reader's  Digest  Scholarship  Fund  made  this  effort 
possible. 


Office  of  Public  Affairs 

The  year  of  the  American  Bicentennial  at  the  Smithsonian  was 
an  exciting,  dramatic,  and  productive  period  for  the  mass  media  in 
their  continuing  coverage  of  the  Institution.  Around  the  world, 
thousands  of  column-inches  about  Smithsonian  events  appeared  in 
newspapers,  periodicals,  and  books.  Radio  and  television,  locally 
and  nationally,  featured  many  audiovisual  originations  on  events 
and  exhibits  at  the  Institution.  It  was  a  period  of  unusual  media 
interest,  in  which  a  parade  of  correspondents  from  many  points 
came  to  the  Smithsonian  in  search  of  articles  relevant  to  accom- 
plishments in  the  prime  disciplines  for  which  the  Institution  is 
world  renowned— the  arts,  the  sciences,  and  history. 

A  new  directory  of  Smithsonian  knowledge  resources  is  in 
preparation  to  orient  members  of  the  media  to  the  knowledge- 
able authorities  at  the  Institution  so  they  can  talk  with  Smithsonian 
experts  in  fields  ranging  from  gastropods  to  gallaxies,  anthropology 
to  zoology. 

Major  activities  included  assistance  in  arranging  media  coverage 
for  the  openings  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  dedicated 
by  President  Gerald  R.  Ford  on  July  1,  1976;  "1876:  A  Centennial 
Exhibition"  in  the  renovated  Arts  and  Industries  Building  on 
May   10,   1976;   and   the   "A  Nation  of  Nations"   exhibit   at   the 


Public  Service  I  257 


National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology  on  June  9,  1976. 

The  News  Bureau  continued  to  provide  such  services  as  pub- 
lication of  the  Calendar  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  maintenance 
of  code-a-phones  as  a  source  of  daily  information  for  the  public, 
publication  of  the  employee  house  organ  Torch,  and  issuance  of 
Smithsonian  Research  Reports. 

The  Publications  section  revised  the  basic  orientation  leaflet  for 
visitors,  published  in  English,  German,  French,  Spanish,  and  Japa- 
nese. More  than  a  million  copies  of  the  English  version  were  printed 
for  distribution  during  the  Bicentennial  peak  period.  Articles  about 
the  Smithsonian  to  be  published  in  encyclopedias,  travel  guides,  and 
museum  community  periodicals  were  reviewed  for  accuracy. 

The  News  Bureau  also  serviced  requests  from  radio  and  television 
producers  for  features  on  newsworthy  activities  and  staff  of  the 
Institution.  Some  304  press  releases  were  issued  during  the  year. 

The  Telecommunications  Branch  developed  and  produced  audio- 
visual material  and  worked  with  numerous  television,  film,  and 
radio  producers  on  projects  which  would  bring  to  America  and 
foreign  audiences  a  better  understanding  of  the  activities  of  the 
Institution.  These  projects  ranged  from  a  half-hour  film  on  the 
National  Museum  of  Natural  History  to  an  Encyclopaedia  Britannica 
filmstrip  series  to  television  and  radio  promotional  "spots"  high- 
lighting Bicentennial  endeavors. 

The  Special  Events  staff  assisted  in  the  planning,  preparation,  and 
coordination  of  lectures,  award  presentations,  conferences,  symposia, 
exhibit  openings,  luncheons,  dinners,  and  other  events  throughout 
the  Institution.  Additional  undertakings  included  numerous  Bicen- 
tennial observations,  such  as  the  opening  of  "1876:  A  Centennial 
Exhibition"  and  assistance  in  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum 
opening.  Arrangements  were  also  made  for  a  State  Dinner  honoring 
Their  Majesties  The  Emperor  and  Empress  of  Japan;  other  foreign 
dignitaries  visiting  in  honor  of  the  Bicentennial  included  Her 
Majesty  Queen  Elizabeth  II  of  Great  Britain;  His  Majesty  Carl 
XVI  Gustaf,  King  of  Sweden;  Her  Majesty  Margrethe  II,  Queen 
of  Denmark  and  His  Royal  Highness  Henrik,  The  Prince  of  Den- 
mark; Their  Majesties  the  King  and  Queen  of  Spain;  His  Royal 
Highness  Harald,  Crown  Prince  of  Norway;  His  Royal  Highness 
Crown  Prince  Hassan  of  Jordan;  and  Her  Royal  Highness  Princess 
Paola  of  Belgium. 

258   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Office  of  Smithsonian  Symposia  and  Seminars 

Preliminary  to  the  Institution's  sixth  international  symposium  in 
June  1977,  the  Office  of  Smithsonian  Symposia  and  Seminars  de- 
veloped a  special  program  of  workshops,  seminars,  and  public  lec- 
tures for  June  14-16,  1976,  formally  introducing  its  activities  cele- 
brating "Kin  and  Communities:  The  Peopling  of  America"  as  an 
educational  contribution  to  the  Bicentennial  observance.  Described 
by  Israel  Shenker  in  The  New  York  Times  as  a  "floating  rap 
game,"  these  informal  meetings  were  designed  to  stimulate  each 
of  us  to  discover  (or  rediscover)  one's  own  American  experience  by 
learning  more  about  his  family  history  and  its  particular  contribu- 
tion to  the  genesis  and  growth  of  our  country  and  civilization. 
A  second  major  program  of  the  Office  also  pursued  the  Institu- 
tion's goal  of  disseminating  the  fruits  of  scholarly  investigations 
and  insights  about  the  ideas,  customs,  skills,  and  art  of  various 
cultures  and  civilizations:  Two  hundred  years  of  American  history— 


Left.  Cover  design  to  "Kin  and  Communities"  program  brochure  featuring  a 
lithograph  originally  published  circa  1859  from  the  Smithsonian  Collections. 
Right.  Secretary  S.  Dillon  Ripley  and  Mrs.  Ripley  welcoming  Dr.  Margaret 
Mead,  chairman  of  the  "Kin  and  Communities"  program,  to  the  June  1976 
opening  reception. 


ncan 
^Experience 

The  Smithsonian  Institution 

announces  a 

Bicentennial  Education  Program 

KIN  &  COMMUNITIES: 
THE  PEOPLING  OF  AMERICA 


what  difference  has  it  made?  This  was  the  central  question  posed  to 
approximately  three  hundred  distinguished  scholars  and  specialists 
invited  from  over  fifty  countries  at  a  major  international  Bicen- 
tennial conference,  "The  United  States  in  the  World,"  held  Septem- 
ber 26-October  1,  1976,  at  the  Smithsonian.  Working  sessions  were 
devoted  to  science  and  technology,  politics,  education,  reform  move- 
ments, business  enterprise,  film  and  television,  music,  architecture, 
and  the  printed  media.  At  the  end  of  the  conference  week,  there 
were  open  forums  during  which  other  topics  were  discussed.  The 
program  committee,  composed  of  representatives  of  the  three 
sponsoring  organizations  (the  American  Studies  Association,  the 
American  Council  of  Learned  Societies,  and  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution), made  it  a  point  to  invite  practicing  architects,  scientists, 
composers,  business  executives,  journalists,  etc.,  rather  than  Ameri- 
can studies  scholars,  in  order  to  obtain  a  fresh  perspective  on  the 
United  States'  cultural  contributions  in  specific  fields  of  endeavor 
and  to  see  how  these  have  been  adopted  and  adapted  in  different 
societies. 


Reading  Is  Fundamental,  Inc. 

Reading  Is  Fundamental,  now  in  its  eleventh  year,  continues  to 
grow  throughout  the  United  States.  More  than  four  hundred  local 
community  projects  operate  in  forty-seven  states — in  cities,  small 
towns,  and  remote  rural  areas. 

rif  was  founded  by  Mrs.  Robert  McNamara  in  1966  as  a  reading 
motivation  program  for  children.  Since  1968,  it  has  been  housed  in 
the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Freedom  of  choice  and  pride  of  ownership  are  the  basic  tenets  of 
Reading  Is  Fundamental.  The  implementation  is  simple,  i.e.,  children 
choose  from  a  large  selection  of  books,  keeping  the  ones  that  in- 
terest them.  In  this  way,  the  purpose  of  rif — motivating  children  to 
read — is  fulfilled. 

Studies  of  this  national,  nonprofit  organization  indicate  that  rif  is 
getting  books  to  children  and  generating  the  desired  enthusiasm  in 
the  communities  and  with  the  youngsters  themselves.  Each  project 
organizes  and  supports  its  own  activities.  The  result  has  been  the 


260  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


motivating  and  coordinating  of  a  cross  section  of  people  within 
each  participating  community. 

Published  in  the  winter  of  1976,  in  cooperation  with  the  Associa- 
tion of  American  Publishers,  the  Bicentennial  Guide  to  Book  Selec- 
tion lists  3,000  titles  and  over  270  publishers  and  distributors.  Mrs. 
Kathryn  Lumley,  one  of  the  founding  members  of  rif,  compiled 
and  edited  the  guide.  As  an  author,  reading  consultant,  and  instruc- 
tor of  reading  and  language  arts  for  the  Pennsylvania  State  Uni- 
versity of  Continuing  Education,  she  used  her  expertise  to  compile 
a  comprehensive  and  successful  guide. 

The  American  Revolution  Bicentennial  Association  has  distrib- 
uted 9,800  copies  to  public  libraries  across  the  nation. 

In  talking  about  rif's  work,  Mrs.  McNamara  is  partial  to  what 
Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  wrote  in  1762  in  Emile:  "A  .  .  .  way  that 
nobody  thinks  of,  is  to  create  the  desire  to  read.  Give  the  child  this 
desire  .  .  .  and  any  method  will  be  good." 


Smithsonian  Associates 

The  Institution's  membership  program  of  the  Smithsonian  Associ- 
ates was  essentially  designed  for  Washington  area  residents  until  the 
spring  of  1970  when  publication  of  the  Smithsonian  began.  As  a 
principal  benefit  of  membership,  the  monthly  magazine  so  stimu- 
lated interest  in  the  program  as  to  increase  the  Smithsonian  Asso- 
ciates to  more  than  1,250,000  members  across  the  country. 

SMITHSONIAN  NATIONAL  ASSOCIATE  PROGRAM 

Regional  Program 

During  the  past  year  approximately  sixty-four  thousand  Smithson- 
ian Associates  in  six  cities  throughout  the  United  States  were  given 
an  opportunity  to  share  more  fully  in  the  National  Associate  Pro- 
gram. Members  were  invited  to  participate  in  Smithsonian  events 
co-sponsored  with  museums  and  cultural  organizations  in  their 
home  communities.  Charlotte,  North  Carolina;  Birmingham,  Ala- 
bama; Dallas,  Texas;  San  Francisco,  California;  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
and  Tucson,  Arizona  were  the  sites  of  Smithsonian  regional  activi- 
ties. 

In  cooperation  with  nine  divisions  of  the  Institution,  the  National 


Public  Service  I  261 


Associates  presented  a  varied  program  of  over  fifty-one  separate 
lectures,  exhibitions,  and  performances  in  the  host  cities.  Twenty 
thousand  Associates  responded  to  the  invitation  to  expand  their 
sense  of  participation  and  increase  their  understanding  of  the  Insti- 
tution's work. 

Among  the  offerings  taken  to  the  local  Associates  were:  "Music 
and  Dance  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson,"  produced  by  the  Division  of 
Performing  Arts  and  the  Division  of  Musical  Instruments;  "Sculp- 
tors and  Their  Drawings,"  objects  from  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and 
Sculpture  Garden,  "Art  and  the  Written  Word,"  a  sampling  of  the 
Archives  of  American  Art,  and  "The  National  Gem  Collection," 
specimens  from  the  Department  of  Mineral  Sciences,  National 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Associates  Travel  Program 

The  Domestic  Tours  staff  continued  to  provide  small  groups  of 
members  with  unusual  travel  experiences,  rich  in  learning,  in  a 
variety  of  locales  from  Maine  to  California.  Thematic  weekends, 
for  Associates  from  areas  other  than  Washington,  focused  on  a 
single  facet  of  the  Smithsonian's  total  collection,  providing  an  in- 
depth  study  of  a  topic  as  well  as  an  opportunity  to  become 
acquainted  with  the  Institution  and  to  attend  a  performance  at  the 
John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  Performing  Arts.  Subject  areas  for  the 
weekends  included  gems  and  minerals,  the  Hirshhorn  collection, 
the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts,  and  the  ever  popular  "Christ- 
mas at  the  Smithsonian"  program. 

The  Washington  "Anytime"  Weekend  continued  to  be  popular 
with  the  membership  during  1976.  Designed  to  give  National  Asso- 
ciates the  opportunity  to  visit  Washington  and  the  Smithsonian 
any  weekend  during  the  year,  the  program,  assisted  by  the  Visitors 
Information  and  Associates'  Reception  Center,  was  able  to  respond 
to  the  large  influx  of  members  who  enjoyed  the  exciting  Bicenten- 
nial activities. 

Dedicated  to  a  goal  of  providing  educational  and  culturally  ori- 
ented tours  at  a  cost  and  within  a  time-frame  affordable  by  a  broad 
base  of  the  Associate  membership,  the  Foreign  Charter  Program 
received  an  overwhelming  response  to  its  initial  efforts.  During 
1976  tours  went  to  four  new  destinations  and  tours  were  repeated 
to  satisfy  the  demand  for  visits  to  Great  Britain  and  Russia.  The 

262   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Program  emphasized  intellectual  content  and  provided  lectures, 
seminars,  and  special  events  in  the  country  visited.  Topics  included 
history,  literature,  art,  and  current  political,  social,  and  economic 
trends.  A  new  feature  of  the  Charter  Program  introduced  during 
1976  was  the  innovative  optional  pre-departure  program  that  intro- 
duced members  to  the  Smithsonian  and  provided  a  day  and  a  half 
of  special  lectures  and  social  events  designed  to  add  to  the  partici- 
pant's understanding  of  the  country  to  be  visited  and  its  people. 

Contributing  Membership  Program 

The  Contributing  Members  of  the  Smithsonian  Associates  provide 
annual  support  for  the  Institution's  work  in  education,  research, 
and  scholarship.  The  Smithsonian  recognizes  four  levels  of  support: 
Founder  membership  at  $1,000,  Sustaining  at  $500,  Donor  at  $100, 
and  Supporting  at  $50.  In  1976  the  number  of  Contributing  Mem- 
bers increased  from  635  to  885.  Their  generous  support  made  pos- 
sible, in  particular,  the  development  and  expansion  of  educational 
programs  for  a  national  audience. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  gratefully  acknowledges  the  gener- 
ous support  of  the  Contributing  Members  in  a  listing  in  Appendix  8. 

VISITOR  INFORMATION  AND  ASSOCIATES' 
RECEPTION  CENTER 

A  review  of  the  past  year  vividly  illustrates  the  dramatic  growth 
of  the  Visitor  Information  and  Associates'  Reception  Center.  Still 
operating  from  its  original  office  in  the  South  Tower  of  the 
"Castle,"  the  Center,  which  was  established  simultaneously  with 
Smithsonian  magazine  six  years  ago,  has  increased  its  staff  from 
two  to  seventeen  employees  in  keeping  with  expanded  visitor  in- 
formation programming  and  other  added  responsibilities. 

Although  initiated  in  anticipation  of  record  Bicentennial  crowds, 
the  assignment  of  Building  Information  Coordinators  in  major  Mall 
museums  and  galleries  served  necessary  and  timely  functions;  act- 
ing as  liaisons  between  the  museums  and  the  Center,  the  Coordina- 
tors provided  on-the-spot  supervision  and  supplemental  training 
for  Information  Volunteers,  enabling  them  to  function  with  greater 
efficiency  and  confidence. 

To  accommodate  the  projected  number  of  visitors  expected  dur- 
ing the  Bicentennial  celebration,  187  new  Information  Volunteers 

Public  Service  I  263 


Assistant  Secretary  for  Public  Affairs  Julian  T.  Euell  presents  certificates  of 
appreciation  and  service  pins  to  volunteers  Dorothy  Tull  (right)  and  Josephine 
Olker  at  an  awards  ceremony  and  Christmas  party  honoring  volunteer  in- 
formation specialists.  Next  to  Mr.  Euell  is  Mary  Grace  Potter,  Director  of 
the  Visitor  Information  and  Associates'  Reception  Center. 


were  recruited  and  trained.  A  total  of  317  specialists,  filling  56 
assignments  a  day,  produced  a  gratifying  coverage  of  90  percent  for 
the  year.  Many  volunteers,  following  special  training,  assumed  re- 
sponsibility for  new  information  desks  located  in  the  bustling 
National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  the  Centennial  exhibition  in  the 
Arts  and  Industries  building,  and  in  the  Museum  of  History  and 
Technology  near  the  "A  Nation  of  Nations"  exhibit.  From  April 
until  Labor  Day,  hours  for  all  information  desks  were  from  10  a.m. 
to  7  p.m.,  a  three-hour  extension  of  duty.  All  volunteers  concerned 
with  the  dissemination  of  information  were  provided  with  yellow 
sashes,  which  insured  easy  identification.  Installation  of  new,  larger 
desks  in  the  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  the  Museum  of 
Natural  History,  and  the  "Castle"  enabled  Information  Volunteers 
to  handle  visitors  more  quickly  and  comfortably. 

The  Center's  annual  survey  of  Smithsonian-wide  volunteer  par- 
ticipation appears  in  Appendix  10. 

The  Independent  Volunteer  Placement  Program,  serving  as  the 
principal  source  of  behind-the-scenes  opportunities  for  museum  ex- 


264   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


perience,  responded  with  increased  effectiveness  this  year  to  a  wide 
variety  of  curatorial  requests.  This  ongoing  program,  inaugurated 
in  1972,  continues  to  experience  significant  growth.  Much  interest 
was  generated  by  the  scope  and  number  of  special  Bicentennial  ex- 
hibits. Short-term  projects,  as  well  as  long-term  regular  assign- 
ments, accounted  for  over  forty-eight  thousand  hours  of  volunteer 
service. 

SMITHSONIAN  RESIDENT  ASSOCIATE  PROGRAM 

The  Smithsonian  Resident  Associate  Program  was  established  in 
1965  by  Secretary  Ripley  to  provide  the  opportunity  for  residents 
of  the  Greater  Washington  area  to  participate  actively  in  the  life  of 
the  Institution.  The  purpose  of  the  Program,  as  defined  by  Secretary 
Ripley,  is  to  "serve  as  a  link  between  what  the  Institution  does, 
whether  in  museum  or  laboratory  or  art  gallery  programs  or  re- 
search and  publications  and  what  the  public  in  the  Washington  area 
can  do  to  participate."  The  Program  seeks  to  achieve  this  goal 
through  an  extensive  range  of  quality  educational  activities  that  are 
consonant  with  the  research,  collections,  and  exhibitions  of  the 
Institution.  These  activities  include  classes  in  the  arts,  sciences, 
humanities,  and  studio  arts;  study  tours  within  the  Smithsonian 
bureaus  and  nearby  complementary  facilities;  lectures;  symposia; 
seminars;  film  series;  exhibition  previews;  outdoor  festivals;  art 
poster  projects;  and  performing  arts  events. 

In  striving  to  provide  a  quality  program  of  continuing  education, 
the  Resident  Associate  Program  seeks  to  accommodate  a  rapidly 
expanding  membership  that  is  highly  educated,  relatively  young, 
and  the  majority  of  whom  reside  in  suburban  Maryland  and  nearby 
Virginia. 

As  of  July  1976,  there  were  39,500  members,  a  nearly  fivefold 
increase  over  the  July  1972  figure  of  8,500.  It  was  determined  that 
in  fiscal  1976,  membership  growth  should  not  be  sought;  however, 
although  all  promotion  was  eliminated,  unsolicited  applications  and 
a  high  retention  rate  resulted  in  a  net  gain  of  5,500  memberships; 
13,199  new  members  joined,  and  the  annual  renewal  rate  was  78.5 
percent.  The  39,500  memberships  represent  approximately  85,000 
individuals  who  are  single,  double,  or  family  members. 

The  Resident  Associate  Program  marked  its  Tenth  Anniversary 
in  September  1975  with  a  full  day  of  festivities.  To  commemorate 

Public  Service  I  265 


this  event,  Washington  artist  Gene  Davis  was  commissioned  to 
create  a  special  Resident  Associate  serigraph  and  poster.  The  200 
serigraphs  and  1,000  posters  were  much  appreciated  by  the  mem- 
bers, and  sold  out  within  a  month.  The  Program  donated  an  artist's 
proof  of  the  Gene  Davis  serigraph  to  the  National  Gallery  of  Art, 
National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts,  and  the  Hirshhorn  Museum  and 
Sculpture  Garden.  Proceeds  from  the  poster  sales  were  used  to 
award  tuition-free  scholarships,  based  on  need  and  interest  to  339 
inner-city  students,  for  attendance  at  Associate  classes;  additionally, 
38  Smithsonian  docents  received  tuition-free  scholarships  to  classes, 
and  any  other  docents  applying  received  one-third  discount  on  the 
class  fee. 

The  Program  continued  to  offer  a  broad  range  of  lecture  classes 


Smithsonian   Horticulturist   James    Buckler    teaching    an    Associate    class    on 

indoor  gardening. 


266   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


for  adults  in  the  arts,  sciences,  and  humanities.  Taught  by  Smith- 
sonian and  visiting  scholars,  108  classes  in  these  areas  were 
scheduled  in  the  four  terms  of  fiscal  year  1976,  attended  by  5,116 
individuals.  A  total  of  273  adult  classes,  including  studio  courses, 
photography,  and  workshops,  were  given  for  adults  during  the  year, 
with  an  enrollment  of  8,075  students.  Of  the  lecture  classes,  those 
in  archeology,  architecture,  astronomy,  botany,  decorative  arts,  and 
new  courses  related  to  Associate  foreign  travel  were  the  best  at- 
tended. The  latter  represented  a  series  of  foreign  study  courses 
planned  as  orientation  for  participants  in  Associate  trips  abroad. 
These  classes  were  also  intended  as  complete  educational  experi- 
ences in  themselves.  In  the  studio  arts,  photography  laboratory 
courses  surpassed  all  others  in  number  of  enrollment.  Furniture- 
making  and  restoration,  photo-silkscreen,  stained-glassmaking, 
weaving,  and  calligraphy  were  also  extremely  well  received. 

Through  the  Trips  and  Tours  branch  of  the  Program,  members 
were  given  the  opportunity  to  participate  in  scholarly  tours  of 
Smithsonian  exhibitions  and  visits  to  nearby  cultural,  historic,  or 
scientific  locales.  This  year,  there  were  439  on-site  learning  ex- 
periences, 140  of  which  were  free  and  open  to  members  only.  A 
total  of  17,265  individuals  participated  in  these  field  activities  led 
by  Smithsonian  or  other  qualified  scholars.  Among  the  most  popu- 
lar tours  were  those  that  enabled  members  to  explore  facets  of  the 
Institution;  the  "Indoor  Field  Trips  at  the  National  Museum  of 
History  and  Technology"  attracted  over  1,200  members;  450  mem- 
bers took  guided  tours  of  "The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson"  exhibition 
at  the  National  Gallery  of  Art.  In-depth  art  trips  to  New  York 
City's  Soho  lofts,  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  and  other  New 
York  museums  and  collections  continue  to  be  exceedingly  popular, 
resulting  in  large  overflow  lists.  Tours  to  Winterthur  and  walking 
tours  of  the  city,  Alexandria,  Georgetown,  Capitol  Hill,  and  Massa- 
chusetts Avenue  areas  were  oversubscribed  and  rescheduled.  All 
tours  are  limited  in  size;  many  have  to  be  repeated  as  often  as 
twenty-four  times  to  accommodate  registrants. 

The  Special  Events  segment  of  the  Program  includes  lectures, 
seminars,  and  symposia  conducted  by  distinguished  Smithsonian 
and  visiting  scholars.  Outdoor  festivals,  film  series,  and  performing 
arts  are  also  integral.  During  fiscal  year  1976,  100  special  events 
were  attended  by  over  21,000  people.  Twenty  special  events  were 

Public  Service  I  267 


Young  Associates  learn  how  to  produce  and  direct  their  own  television  pro- 
grams in  this  class. 


offered  free  to  members  only.  During  1976,  the  reopening  of  the 
restored  Arts  and  Industries  Building  with  its  "1876:  A  Centennial 
Exhibition"  and  the  opening  of  the  National  Air  and  Space 
Museum  provided  opportunities  for  gala  Associate  openings.  Mem- 
bers were  also  offered  a  special  private  walk-through  of  the  Na- 
tional Museum  of  History  and  Technology's  major  Bicentennial 
exhibition,  "A  Nation  of  Nations."  An  ongoing  cooperative  ven- 
ture, the  Audubon  Lecture  Series,  sponsored  by  the  Resident  Asso- 
ciate Program,  the  Audubon  Naturalist  Society,  and  the  Friends  of 
the  National  Zoo,  was  overbooked  for  all  of  the  nine  lectures. 


268  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


The  Young  Associates  program  extends  the  resources  of  the  In- 
stitution to  members'  children  (as  well  as  the  scholarship  children 
noted  above)  through  classes  and  special  activities.  The  program 
,  offers  learning  experiences  appropriate  to  specific  age  groups,  rang- 
ing from  four  to  eighteen.  Over  twenty  classes  are  offered  in  each 
of  the  four  academic  terms.  Special  tours  of  Smithsonian  exhibitions 
and  of  local  cultural,  scientific,  and  historic  places  of  interest  are 
planned  for  young  people,  as  well  as  free  films,  performing  arts 
programs,  and  courses  and  workshops.  The  free  annual  holiday 
party  served  over  1,000  Young  Associates.  Over  12,000  young 
people  have  participated  in  Young  Associate  activities  during  the 
past  year. 

Some  two  hundred  and  fifty  volunteers  work  for  the  Resident 
Associate  Program  on  a  regular  basis.  Their  responsibilities  vary 
from  assisting  at  special  events  to  office  duties  to  monitoring  classes. 
A  special  project  undertaken  this  year  by  volunteers  was  the  read- 
ing of  the  Associate  newsletter  for  the  visually  handicapped.  Volun- 
teers have  also  been  working  with  Harold  Snider  of  the  National 
Air  and  Space  Museum  on  Institution-wide  projects  to  aid  the 
visually  impaired. 


Smithsonian  Institution  Press 

During  the  past  fifteen  months  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Press, 
under  new  management  and  with  a  reorganized  and  augmented 
staff,  significantly  increased  its  production  of  Smithsonian-related 
scholarly  books  and  improved  the  quality  of  its  performance,  fol- 
lowing many  of  the  valuable  recommendations  of  the  1975  Bout- 
well,  Crane,  Moseley,  and  Associates  Study  Report.  The  staff 
reorganization  and  increase  enabled  the  Press  to  catch  up  with  the 
impending  backlog  of  a  year  ago,  to  meet  several  short  schedules 
for  Bicentennial  exhibition  catalogues  and  the  generally  increased 
publishing  requirements  of  the  Bicentennial,  to  rejuvenate  a  promis- 
ing trade-book  publishing  activity  after  a  hiatus  during  the  summer 
of  1975,  and  to  make  a  promising  beginning  in  correcting  a  long- 
standing and  unfavorable  imbalance  in  the  relationship  between 
sales  prices  and  production  costs  in  its  privately  funded  book  pub- 
lishing. In  addition,  moving  and  associated  activities  occupied  a 

Public  Service  I  269 


good  deal  of  the  time  and  attention:  the  Distribution  and  Fulfillment 
Section  transferred  its  base  of  operations  from  24th  Street,  N.W.  to 
1111  North  Capitol  Street,  and  the  editorial,  design,  production,  and 
administration  offices  left  the  Liberty  Loan  Building  to  become  tem- 
porary tenants  of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History.  With 
one  more  move,  scheduled  for  November  1976,  the  Press  will  occupy 
permanent  quarters  in  the  Arts  and  Industries  Building. 

The  publication  in  June  of  the  1976  Smithsonian  Institution  Press 
catalogue  with  its  list  of  attractive  new  titles  brought  a  prompt 
response  from  the  extensive  market  to  which  it  was  distributed, 
and  furnished  tangible  evidence  of  the  attention  the  entire  Press 
staff  is  devoting  to  these  goals.  Current  best-sellers  on  the  new 
list  are  Zoobook,  Blue  Mystery:  The  Story  of  the  Hope  Diamond, 
America  As  Art,  The  Golden  Door,  and  Official  White  House 
China.  New  books  of  more  specialized  scholarly  interest  included 
volume  2  of  The  Papers  of  Joseph  Henry,  and  The  Flora  of  Okinawa 
and  the  Ryukyu  Islands;  the  Press  arranged  co-publishing  agree- 
ments with  commercial  publishers  for  books  of  wide  potential 
appeal,  such  as  The  Indian  Legacy  of  Charles  Bird  King  (co-pub- 
lished with  Doubleday,  Inc.)  and  The  National  Watercraft  Collec- 
tion (co-published  with  International  Marine  Publishing  Co.);  and 
it  collaborated  with  other  federal  agencies  on  books  of  mutual 
interest,  of  which  recent  examples  are  Worthy  of  the  Nation  and 
The  Federal  City:  Plans  and  Realities,  produced  with  the  coopera- 
tion of  the  National  Capital  Planning  Commission. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Press  editors  and  designers  continued  to 
reap  laurels  in  both  federal  and  private  competitions  and  exhibits 
for  the  exceptional  quality  of  their  productions.  Nine  members  of 
the  Press  staff  received  1976  National  Association  of  Government 
Communicators  Blue  Pencil  Awards,  with  four  first,  a  second,  and 
third  prizes  in  four  categories  of  federal  publications.  In  addition, 
seven  Smithsonian  Institution  Press  publications  were  placed  on 
exhibit  in  "Design  Response,"  the  Federal  Design  Council's  first 
annual  exhibition  of  outstanding  graphic  design  work  performed 
by  federal  agencies;  two  pieces  were  accepted  for  display  in  the 
annual  exhibit  of  the  Art  Directors  Club  of  Metropolitan  Washing- 
ton, which  embraces  both  governmental  and  commercial  graphic 
design;  and  Official  White  House  China  was  one  of  only  twenty- 
five  publications  in  the  country  accepted  for  the  American  Associa- 

270  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


tion    of    University    Presses'    1976    Bookshow,    which    is    toured 
nationally. 

During  the  year,  production  costs  of  220  publications  were 
funded  by  federal  appropriations  in  the  amount  of  $1,224,565;  10 
trade  publications  were  supported  wholly  by  Smithsonian  trust 
funds  in  the  amount  of  $292,826.  The  Press  and  the  Superintendent 
of  Documents  shipped,  on  order  and  subscriptions,  a  total  of 
6,691,995  publications  including  books,  art  catalogues,  brochures, 
and  miscellaneous  items;  267  records  were  distributed. 


Smithsonian  Magazine 

Smithsonian  magazine  joined  in  the  celebration  of  our  nation's  Bi- 
centennial by  publishing  special  articles  throughout  the  year  that 
presented  thought-provoking  ideas  which  should  be  considered 
within  the  next  few  decades.  The  magazine  continued  to  project 
the  spirit  of  the  Institution  to  its  nationwide  audience. 

For  the  past  fifteen  months,  Smithsonian  magazine  carried  its 
readers  from  Lake  Baikal  to  Singapore,  introduced  them  to  truckers 
in  Alaska  and  tramps  riding  freight  trains.  The  American  art  col- 
lection of  John  D.  Rockefeller  was  viewed  as  closely  as  was  the  Elie 
Nadelman  exhibition  in  the  Smithsonian's  own  Hirshhorn  Museum 
and  Sculpture  Garden.  The  Smithsonian  joins  the  rest  of  the  Insti- 
tution in  presenting  information  on  history,  science,  and  the  arts  to 
the  public  from  its  vast  store  of  knowledge. 

Along  with  continuing  success  in  enriching  the  editorial  content 
of  the  magazine,  Smithsonian  increased  its  membership  from 
900,000  to  1,250,000. 


Public  Service  I  271 


Product  Development  reproduction  of  a  "Counting  House"  inkwell  used  by 
nineteenth-century  accountants;  the  center  well  is  surrounded  by  water  in 
which  the  quills  rest,  keeping  them  soft  and  pliable. 


Smithsonian  Year  •  7976 
ADMINISTRATION 


Following  the  untimely  death  of  Under  Secretary  Robert  A. 
Brooks,  the  Secretary  established  a  new  position  of  Assistant  Sec- 
retary for  Administration,  to  which  Mr.  John  F.  Jameson,  formerly 
the  Institution's  Budget  Officer,  was  appointed,  effective  August 
15, 1976. 

The  Institution's  museums,  galleries,  research  laboratories,  and 
other  program  activities  are  served  by  a  number  of  support  activities 
and  financial  services  which,  while  operating  largely  behind  the 
scenes,  made  significant  contributions  to  program  achievements 
during  the  Bicentennial  period. 

Organizations  reporting  to  Mr.  Richard  L.  Ault,  Director  of  Sup- 
port Activities,  included  the  Management  Analysis  Office,  Office 
of  Equal  Opportunity,  Office  of  Computer  Services,  Office  of 
Facilities  Planning  and  Engineering  Services,  Office  of  Personnel 
Administration,  Office  of  Plant  Services,  Office  of  Printing  and 
Photographic  Services,  Office  of  Protection  Services,  Office  of  Sup- 
ply Services,  Contracts  Office,  and  the  Travel  Services  Office. 
During  the  year,  significant  improvements  were  made  in  Support 
Activities  toward  providing  quality  and  timely  services.  A  Manage- 
ment by  Objectives  program,  implemented  in  the  previous  year, 
continued  to  supply  participative,  results-oriented,  objective-setting 
and  review  processes. 

Mr.  T.  Ames  Wheeler,  Treasurer,  continued  his  responsibilities 
for  the  financial  assets  and  management  of  the  Institution  assisted 
by  the  Office  of  Programming  and  Budget,  Accounting  Division, 
Investment  Accounting  Division,  Grants  and  Insurance  Administra- 
tion Division,  and  the  Business  Management  Office  (which  includes 
the  Museum  Shops,  Product  Development  Program,  and  the  Bel- 


273 


New  Museum  Shop  in  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History  offers  a  vari- 
ety of  appropriate  items  for  visitors  to  take  home  as  mementos  of  their 
Smithsonian  visit. 


mont  Conference  Center).  During  the  year,  revised  procedures  for 
the  entire  accounting  system  were  under  development  to  unify 
federal  and  trust  fund  accounting  for  greater  efficiency  in  data 
collection  and  to  provide  more  timely  financial  information  to 
management  at  all  levels.  The  Museum  Shops  opened  new  shops  in 
the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum,  the  Arts  and  Industries  Build- 
ing, and  in  the  West  Court  addition  to  the  Natural  History  Building. 
Considerable  expansion  of  the  Smithsonian's  mail  order  program 
occurred,  stemming  from  new  museum-related  products  and  the 
availability  of  catalogues. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  Women's  Council  continued  its 
important  efforts  to  represent  the  women  of  the  Institution  and 
to  promote  their  welfare.  During  the  year,  the  Women's  Council 
presented  six  programs  concerning  women's  interests,  with  particu- 


274   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


lar  emphasis  on  new  laws  covering  credit,  name  change,  the  current 
standing  of  the  Equal  Rights  Amendment,  and  a  session  on  con- 
sciousness-raising. 

The  Council's  annual  training  seminar  was  devoted  to  the  Smith- 
sonian's equal  employment  opportunity  and  personnel  management 
programs,  the  status  of  women's  programs  in  other  agencies,  EEO 
legislation,  and  regulations  and  credit  for  women. 

In  addition,  this  year  the  Smithsonian  Women's  Council  estab- 
lished a  career  training  and  development  program,  instituted  for 
the  purpose  of  acquainting  members  with  helpful  knowledge  which 
would  be  conveyed  to  all  Smithsonian  employees.  Courses  were 
taken  in  assertiveness,  career  development,  and  administrative 
procedures. 


Administration  I  275 


Former  Secretary  of  State  Dean  Rusk  (left)  and  Secretary  of  State  Henry  Kis- 
singer with  "Peace"  sculpture  presented  by  the  state  of  Georgia  to  the 
Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars  to  mark  the  appointment 
of  Mr.  Rusk  as  a  Trustee  of  the  Center  on  April  5,  1976. 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 

WOODROW  WILSON 

INTERNATIONAL  CENTER 

FOR  SCHOLARS 

JAMES  H.  BILLINGTON,  DIRECTOR 


Approaching  its  sixth  anniversary,  the  Woodrow  Wilson  Inter- 
national Center  for  Scholars,  recognized  throughout  the  nation  and 
the  world  as  a  scholarly  institution  of  major  importance,  has  become 
a  distinctive,  living  memorial  to  a  former  president. 

The  Center  continued  to  commemorate,  through  its  residential 
fellowship  program  of  advanced  research  and  communication,  both 
the  intellectual  depth  and  the  public  concerns  of  Woodrow  Wilson. 
Providing  leadership  for  first-rate  scholarship  in  the  nation's  capital, 
the  Center  embodies  the  humanistic,  Wilsonian  belief  in  a  fruitful 
relationship  between  the  world  of  learning  and  the  world  of  public 
affairs. 


The  Fellows 

The  thirty-five  fellows  conducting  individual  research  are  the  core 
of  the  Center.  The  quality  and  diversity  of  the  fellows  and  their 
published  works  continue  to  grow.  The  number  of  applications  from 
across  the  United  States  and  around  the  world  increases  each  year. 
As  of  September  1976,  197  fellowships  had  been  awarded  since  the 
Center  was  established — about  60  percent  to  American  scholars,  the 
rest  to  applicants  from  some  32  countries. 


277 


During  1976,  at  one  of  the  regular  Tuesday  and  Friday  noontime 
discussion  hours,  one  might  have  observed  in  conversation:  the 
former  commander-in-chief  of  nato;  a  former  head  of  state  from 
Latin  America;  a  former  foreign  minister  from  Africa;  the  director 
of  the  Royal  Institute  of  International  Affairs  in  London;  a  pro- 
fessor of  comparative  literature  and  culture  from  Tokyo  University; 
a  state  senator  from  Wisconsin;  a  theologian  from  the  School  of 
Theology  at  Claremont,  California;  and  a  professor  of  anthropology 
from  Stanford  University.  In  the  current  year,  fellows  included 
thirty-one  American  college  professors  from  a  variety  of  depart- 
ments in  twenty-five  different  universities,  chosen  through  open 
competition. 

Drawing  on  the  rich  resources  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  Na- 
tional Archives,  and  other  collections  of  materials  often  uniquely 
available  in  Washington,  D.C.,  the  fellows  have  pursued  such  varied 
research  projects  as: 

"The  sponsor:  his  role  and  influence  in  American  television." 

"History  of  attitudes  toward  death  in  western  culture  from  the  middle 

ages  to  the  present." 
"Authority  and  inequality  in  comparative  historical  perspective." 
"A  critical  study  of  civic  education  as  conceived  by  the  founding  fathers." 
"Comparative  study  of  western  civil  and  communist  revolutionary  des- 
potic cultures." 
"A  history  of  the  idea  of  poverty  in  nineteenth-century  England." 
"History  of  Afro-American  attitudes  toward  Africa." 
"The  making  of  Saudi  Arabia,  1902-1953." 
"A  history  of  American  trade  unionism  since  1945." 

"Intelligent  citizen  participation  in  the  face  of  growing  complexity  and 
certain  adverse  effects  of  the  media  and  the  present  political  process." 
"A  critical  study  of  regionalism  as  used  in  the  United  States." 
"Renewable  natural  resources  in  an  age  of  scarcity  and  climatic  instability: 
interrelations  of  ecology  and  public  policy." 

Among  the  distinguished  guest  scholars  who  shared  in  the  life 
of  the  Center  this  year  was  Fernand  Braudel,  one  of  the  most  emi- 
nent historians  of  his  generation.  Director  of  the  Maison  des 
Sciences  de  1'Homme  in  Paris,  and  author  of  the  classic  The  Medi- 
terranean and  the  Mediterranean  World  in  the  Age  of  Philip  II  (in 
two  volumes),  Braudel  worked  on  a  sequel  to  the  first  volume, 
Capitalism  and  Material  Life,  1400-1800. 


278  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


The  Program 

Fellows  at  the  Center  worked  within  three  broadly  defined  scholarly 
divisions:  Historical  and  Cultural  Studies;  Social  and  Political 
Studies;  and  Resources,  Environment  and  Interdependence.  A 
fourth  division,  the  Kennan  Institute.for  Advanced  Russian  Studies, 
was  established  by  decision  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  in  December 
1974,  with  former  Center  fellow  George  Kennan  as  head  of  its 
academic  advisory  group  and  Dr.  S.  Frederick  Starr  as  its  secretary. 

The  Kennan  Institute  has  launched  a  program  of  fellowships  and 
short-term  grants,  enabling  leading  scholars  from  this  country  and 
abroad  to  utilize  the  unique  resources  of  the  Washington  area. 
Simultaneously,  the  Institute  has  organized  conferences,  colloquia, 
and  seminars  which  bring  together  leading  specialists  from  aca- 
demia,  government,  business,  and  the  press  to  consider  significant 
issues  involving  Russia,  past  and  present.  Three  film  series  also  have 
been  arranged,  at  which  little-known  works  of  Soviet  cinema  are 
presented  and  discussed,  often  for  the  first  time  in  this  country. 

Like  the  Center  as  a  whole,  the  Kennan  Institute's  policy  is  to 
receive  and  offer  hospitality  to  those  engaged  in  fundamental  re- 
search anywhere  in  the  world.  To  this  end,  it  maintains  regular 
scholarly  contact  with  leading  university  centers  for  Russian 
studies  in  this  country  and  with  scholarly  groups  in  Europe,  Japan, 
and  the  U.S.S.R.  As  these  contacts  broaden,  and  as  the  fellowship 
and  seminar  programs  gain  momentum,  the  Center's  new  institute  is 
expected  to  make  a  significant  contribution  to  our  understanding  of 
the  Soviet  Union. 

The  Center  has  no  permanent  faculty  or  restrictive  departmental 
barriers  within  its  interdisciplinary  body.  "Clusters"  of  scholars, 
however,  often  have  formed  around  topics  of  major  importance 
and  mutual  interest.  For  example,  the  problems  of  state  and  local 
government,  of  the  ocean,  food,  the  impact  of  the  visual  media 
(movies  and  television),  and  ethnicity  have  been  subjects  of  in- 
formal groupings;  and  there  is  a  continuing  concern  for  studies  of 
the  institutions  of  American  government. 

Recognizing  the  importance  of  Inter-American  relations,  as  well 
as  the  special  resources  in  Washington,  D.C.  for  research  in  this 
area,  in  1976  the  Center  prepared  to  embark  on  a  new  three-year 


Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars  I  279 


During  an  evening  lecture  by  Daniel  Patrick  Moynihan  in  May  1976,  the 
speaker  is  questioned  by  Murrey  Marder,  Diplomatic  Correspondent  for  the 
Washington  Post. 


program  in  Latin  American  affairs.  The  program  will  bring  together 
a  group  of  Latin  American  scholars  working  individually  on  re- 
gional research.  Programmatic  focus  for  many  of  the  meetings  will 
be  provided  by  a  major  study  of  United  States-Latin  American  eco- 
nomic relationships,  of  which  Dr.  Abraham  F.  Lowenthal,  director 
of  the  program  at  the  Center,  will  be  a  principal  author. 

A  variety  of  seminars,  conferences,  and  colloquia  will  complement 
the  work  under  way  and  will  involve  a  broad  community  of  scholars, 


280  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


practitioners,  and  commentators.  Special  support  for  this  program  is 
expected  from  the  Tinker,  Ford,  Rockefeller,  and  Kettering  Founda- 
tions; the  Rockefeller  Brothers'  Fund;  the  Organization  of  Ameri- 
can States;  the  United  States  Department  of  State;  and  the 
Smithsonian  Institution. 


The  Communicating 

The  Center's  effort  to  carry  out  its  mandate  to  communicate  with  a 
wider  public  took  a  major  step  forward  in  October  1976,  with  the 
publication  of  the  first  issue  of  The  Wilson  Quarterly,  a  160-page 
"national  review  of  ideas  and  information."  The  Quarterly  is  de- 
signed to  provide  educated  Americans  with  a  continuing  overview 
of  scholarly  thinking  on  "basic  social,  political,  economic,  and  intel- 
lectual issues."  The  initial  press  run  was  80,000  copies. 

The  Quarterly's  editors,  led  by  Peter  Braestrup,  a  distinguished 
and  experienced  journalist  (Time,  the  New  York  Times,  the  Wash- 
ington Post)  and  former  fellow,  draw  on  the  talents  and  judgments 
of  the  Center's  fellows  and  former  fellows,  as  well  as  on  authorities 
at  leading  universities.  The  editors  seek  fresh  thinking  and  clear 
writing  from  noted  specialists  across  America  and  in  major  re- 
search centers  overseas. 

The  magazine  contains  five  sections.  First,  there  is  a  broad  review 
of  significant  articles  from  a  wide  spectrum  of  some  four  hundred 
journals,  ranging  from  Public  Opinion  Quarterly  to  Orbis  to  Renais- 
sance. Then  come  several  essays  on  special  topics,  ranging  in  one 
issue  from  Soviet  affairs  to  the  American  family.  Each  group  of 
essays  is  reenforced  by  a  review-essay  of  background  books  in  the 
relevant  field.  A  section  devoted  to  "current  books,"  on  a  variety  of 
scholarly  subjects,  comes  next,  with  listings  of  new  books  by  fellows 
and  former  fellows.  Special  reports  on  current  scholarly  research 
in  various  fields  and  occasional  reprints  of  significant  articles  or 
studies  from  the  past  complete  the  Quarterly's  offerings. 

The  magazine's  initial  publication  was  made  possible  by  the 
assistance  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  by  grants  from  indi- 
viduals, foundations,  and  corporations.  Its  circulation  and  promo- 
tion effort  is  managed  under  contract  by  the  Smithsonian  magazine 


Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars  I  281 


business  staff.  The  Quarterly,  like  the  Center  itself,  encourages  di- 
versity of  viewpoint  and  scholarly  method. 

In  still  another  effort  to  serve  a  broader  public,  the  Center  is  pre- 
paring to  publish  a  series  of  Guides  for  scholars  to  resources  in  the 
libraries  and  archives,  both  federal  and  private,  in  the  Washington 
area.  Each  Guide  will  be  prepared  by  a  scholar  who  has  done  re- 
search in  some  of  the  Washington  collections.  The  Center  has 
received  a  grant  from  the  Morris  and  Gwendolyn  Cafritz  Founda- 
tion for  the  printing  of  four  of  the  Guides.  The  first  one,  covering 
the  resources  for  Russian  and  Soviet  studies,  by  Dr.  Steven  Grant, 
assistant  professor  of  history  and  international  relations  at  George 
Washington  University,  was  nearly  completed  in  1976.  Other 
Guides  on  Africa,  the  Caribbean,  Latin  America,  and  the  resources 
for  the  study  of  film  and  television  are  planned  for  future 
publication. 

In  other  forums,  the  fellows  communicate  the  results  of  their 
research  to  each  other,  to  fellow  specialists,  and  to  interested  and 
concerned  leaders  of  both  public  and  private  sectors  in  Washington 
and  throughout  the  nation. 

A  major  goal  of  the  Center  is  that  each  fellow's  study  project 
results  in  a  published  work,  such  as  the  book  by  former  fellow 
Elliot  Richardson,  entitled  The  Creative  Balance:  Government,  Poli- 
tics and  the  Individual  in  America's  Third  Century,  which  came  out 
this  year.  Scores  of  magazine  articles  and  monographs  also  emanate 
from  work  originating  at  the  Center. 

Preluncheon  discussions  are  held  at  noon  every  Tuesday  and 
Friday,  providing  an  opportunity  for  dialogue  among  the  fellows  and 
with  distinguished  guests  from  the  Congress,  from  other  parts  of 
the  government,  and  from  the  private  sector. 

Late-afternoon  colloquia  on  works  in  progress  are  led  by  fellows 
at  some  point  in  their  stay  here.  Informed  commentary,  either  by 
other  fellows  or  by  outside  specialists,  is  invited,  and  critical  dis- 
cussion centers  on  key  ideas,  with  a  view  to  improving  and  sharpen- 
ing the  focus  of  the  work. 

Evening  dialogues,  sustained  by  a  grant  from  the  Xerox  Corpora- 
tion, are  held  on  topics  of  major  interest  and  importance  every  other 
week  or  so.  From  thirty  to  thirty-five  guests  with  special  interest  in 
the  topic  are  invited  from  leading  scholarly  and  public  institutions, 


282  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


and  after  dialogue  among  two  or  three  specially  qualified  partici- 
pants, and  dinner,  the  discussion  is  opened  up  to  all  the  participants, 
who  have  included  a  number  of  Senators,  Congressmen,  cabinet  and 
subcabinet  officers,  and  specialists  throughout  the  Washington 
community. 


Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars  I  283 


South  view  of  the  John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  on  the 

banks  of  the  Potomac  River. 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 


JOHN  F.  KENNEDY  CENTER 
FOR  THE  PERFORMING  ARTS 

RODGER  L.  STEVENS,  CHAIRMAN 


When  Congress  voted  in  1958  to  establish  a  national  center  for  the 
performing  arts  in  the  city  of  Washington,  it  envisioned  a  vital  insti- 
tution that  would  serve  as  a  showcase  for  the  finest  programs  of 
music,  dance,  and  drama  from  this  country  and  abroad;  stimulate 
the  integration  of  the  arts  with  the  American  educational  process; 
and  serve  as  a  catalyst  for  the  advancement  of  the  arts  throughout 
the  United  States.  In  designating  the  Center  as  a  living  memorial  to 
President  Kennedy  in  1964,  Congress  and  the  Executive  Branch  re- 
affirmed the  desire  that  the  institution  become  a  major  force  for 
the  enrichment  of  American  life. 

It  is  both  gratifying  and  encouraging  that  in  only  five  years  of 
actual  operation,  the  Center  has  gained  international  recognition  as 
one  of  the  most  successful  performing  arts  institutions  of  its  kind. 
Thousands  of  the  world's  foremost  performing  artists,  writers,  com- 
posers, conductors,  choreographers,  directors,  and  designers  have 
contributed  to  a  new  creative  environment;  enthusiastically  sup- 
portive audiences  have  been  developed;  and  arts  programs  have 
been  designed  to  reach  into  all  areas  of  the  country. 

Since  the  first  preview  performance  of  Leonard  Bernstein's  Mass, 
on  September  6,  1971,  nearly  eight  million  people  have  attended 
more  than  5,100  major  performances,  including  2,932  perform- 
ances of  drama  and  musical  comedy,  637  performances  of  dance, 
771  symphony  concerts,  244  opera  performances,  155  recitals,  132 


285 


choral  concerts,  82  concerts  of  chamber  music,  and  234  concerts 
of  popular  music.  During  the  past  year  alone,  audience  attendance 
exceeded  1.75  million,  an  average  of  85  percent  of  capacity,  and 
made  the  Center  the  envy  of  the  performing  arts  world. 

Performing  Arts  Programming 

DRAMA 

The  Center's  fifth  theater  season  proved  its  most  challenging  and 
successful  to  date.  A  generous  grant  from  Xerox  Corporation  en- 
abled the  Center,  for  the  first  time,  to  develop  and  produce  an  entire 
theatrical  season,  without  reliance  upon  outside  producers.  Under 
the  guidance  of  a  distinguished  advisory  panel,  headed  by  Arthur 
Schlesinger,  Jr.,  an  American  Bicentennial  Theater  Season  was 
organized  to  recognize  outstanding  achievement  within  the  Ameri- 
can theater  during  the  past  200  years.  The  series  of  plays  provided 
an  overview  of  the  development  of  theater  in  this  country  and  the 
development  of  American  life  and  thought  as  they  were  reflected 
upon  the  stage. 

Included  in  the  Bicentennial  Theater  Season  were  Thornton 
Wilder's  The  Skin  of  Our  Teeth,  starring  Elizabeth  Ashley,  Alfred 
Drake,  and  Martha  Scott;  Percy  MacKaye's  The  Scarecrow,  with 
William  Atherton,  Barbara  Baxley,  and  Leonard  Frey;  William 
Inge's  Summer  Brave,  with  Alexis  Smith;  Tennessee  Williams's 
Sweet  Bird  of  Youth,  with  Irene  Worth  and  Christopher  Walken; 
The  Royal  Family,  by  George  S.  Kaufman  and  Edna  Ferber,  starring 
Rosemary  Harris,  Eva  Le  Gallienne,  and  George  Grizzard;  Eugene 
O'Neill's  Long  Day's  Journey  Into  Night,  with  Jason  Robards,  Zoe 
Caldwell,  and  Michael  Moriarty;  Rip  Van  Winkle,  with  Anthony 
Quayle;  The  Heiress,  by  Ruth  and  Augustus  Goetz  from  Henry 
James's  novel  Washington  Square,  starring  Jane  Alexander  and 
Richard  Kiley;  and  Emmet  Lavery's  The  Magnificent  Yankee,  star- 
ring James  Whitmore  and  Audra  Lindley.  Irene  Worth  received 
Broadway's  Tony  Award  for  her  shattering  performance  in  Sweet 
Bird  of  Youth,  and  Ellis  Rabb  was  similarly  honored  for  his  direc- 
tion of  The  Royal  Family. 

The  Center  also  produced  and  presented  three  plays  by  the  major 
contemporary  American  playwright,  Preston  Jones.  Separately  en- 

286  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


titled  The  Last  Meeting  of  the  Knights  of  the  White  Magnolia,  The 
Oldest  Living  Graduate  and  Lu  Ann  Hampton  Laverty  Oberlander 
and  collectively  termed  A  Texas  Trilogy;  the  plays  were  presented 
in  an  unprecedented  eleven-performance-per-week  repertory  and 
acclaimed  by  critics  and  audiences  alike.  The  three  productions  were 
directed  by  Alan  Schneider  and  presented  by  an  acting  ensemble, 
headed  by  Fred  Gwynn  and  Diane  Ladd.  Trilogy  broke  previous 
Eisenhower  Theater  records  with  a  total  of  156  performances. 

MUSICAL  COMEDY 

The  Center's  success  and  the  reputation  of  Washington  audiences 
have  prompted  the  nation's  leading  theatrical  producers  to  seek  out 
any  available  booking  periods.  Inasmuch  as  the  "musical"  is  recog- 
nized as  this  country's  most  unique  contribution  to  the  performing 
arts,  it  was  appropriate  that  the  Center  should  play  host  to  a  series 
of  new  musical  productions  and  major  musical  revivals  during  the 
Bicentennial  year. 

Among  the  new  productions  appearing  on  the  Opera  House  stage 
were  Musical  Jubilee,  produced  by  The  Theatre  Guild,  with  a  cast 
that  included  John  Raitt,  Tammy  Grimes,  and  Cyril  Ritchard; 
Harold  Prince's  production,  Pacific  Overtures,  with  music  by 
Stephen  Sondheim;  and  Rex,  produced  by  Richard  Adler,  with  Nicol 
Williamson  as  King  Henry  VIII  and  music  by  Richard  Rodgers. 
Pearl  Bailey  closed  her  long  show-business  career  with  a  farewell 
engagement  of  Hello,  Dolly!,  presented  by  Robert  Cherin,  and  Zero 
Mostel  recreated  the  role  of  Tevye  in  a  splendid  revival  of  Fiddler 
on  the  Roof,  in  which  the  Kennedy  Center  participated  as  a  co- 
producer  with  The  Shubert  Organization  and  Nederlander  Pro- 
ductions. 

A  generous  Bicentennial  grant  from  the  Prudential  Insurance 
Company  of  America  enabled  the  Center  to  develop  and  present  a 
spirited  musical  celebration,  Sing,  America,  Sing,  which  traced  the 
history  of  the  United  States  through  its  music. 

DANCE 

One  of  the  most  encouraging  recent  trends  in  the  performing  arts 
has  been  the  increased  public  support  of  dance  and  the  strengthen- 
ing of  American  dance  companies.  During  its  Bicentennial  season, 
the  Center  presented  return  engagements  of  two  of  this  country's 

John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  I  287 


foremost  dance  organizations,  The  American  Ballet  Theatre  and 
the  New  York  City  Ballet.  The  acclaimed  Alvin  Ailey  City  Center 
Dance  Theater  also  returned  to  the  Opera  House  under  the  sponsor- 
ship of  the  Washington  Performing  Arts  Society. 

In  its  role  as  a  showcase  for  the  presentation  of  outstanding  per- 
forming organizations  from  other  countries,  the  Center  also  spon- 
sored engagements  of  Britain's  Royal  Ballet,  the  Royal  Danish 
Ballet,  the  Royal  Winnipeg  Ballet,  and  the  Australian  Ballet. 

MUSIC 

The  Center's  1975-1976  opera  season  offered  a  spectacular  series 
of  productions  by  five  of  the  world's  leading  companies.  During  a 
fifteen-month  period,  the  Center  presented  a  total  of  seventy-seven 
performances  of  twenty-five  different  works. 

The  Bolshoi  Opera  engagement,  in  July  1975,  featured  produc- 
tions of  Boris  Godnnov,  War  and  Peace,  Eugene  Onegin,  Pique 
Dame,  The  Gambler,  and  a  contemporary  work,  The  Dawns  Are 
Quiet  Here.  The  Berlin  Opera  followed  in  November  with  Lohen- 
grin, Tosca,  and  Cosi  Fan  Tutte. 

The  New  York  City  Opera's  fifth  annual  Kennedy  Center  en- 
gagement included  productions  of  The  Ballad  of  Baby  Doe,  The 
Barber  of  Seville,  Un  Ballo  in  Maschera,  La  Boheme,  Cavalleria 
Rusticana,  I  Pagliacci,  and  special  performances  of  Lucrezia  Borgia, 
with  Beverly  Sills  singing  the  title  role. 

With  the  combined  assistance  of  the  Italian  Government,  the 
Morris  and  Gwendolyn  Cafritz  Foundation,  Philip  Morris,  Gar- 
finckel's,  Local  22  of  the  International  Alliance  of  Theatrical  Stage 
Employees,  and  the  Metropolitan  Opera  Guild,  the  Center  presented 
the  first  American  engagement  of  the  legendary  Teatro  alia  Scala 
of  Milan.  Appearing  only  at  the  Center,  La  Scala  treated  capacity 
audiences  to  productions  of  Macbetto,  La  Boheme,  Simon  Boccane- 
gra,  and  La  Cenerentola,  and  to  a  concert  presentation  of  the  Verdi 
Requiem. 

Completing  the  season  were  Paris  Opera  productions  of  Otello, 
Le  Nozze  di  Figaro  and  Faust.  The  Paris  Opera  Chorus  and  Orches- 
tra also  presented  two  choral  masterworks,  The  Damnation  of 
Faust  and  Requiem,  by  Hector  Berlioz. 

Other  Center-sponsored  musical  events  included  a  series  of  per- 
formances by  the  Philadelphia  Orchestra;  a  Chamber  Music  Festi- 

288  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


val,  featuring  such  performers  as  Isaac  Stern,  Pinchas  Zukerman, 
Eugene  Istomin,  and  Leonard  Rose;  and  a  memorable  concert — 
tribute  to  W.  C.  Handy. 

Vitally  important  to  the  musical  year  were  the  scores  of  per- 
formances presented  and  sponsored  by  Washington  arts  organiza- 
tions. The  Center's  resident  National  Symphony  Orchestra,  under 
the  direction  of  Antal  Dorati,  presented  a  season  of  137  concerts. 
The  Washington  Performing  Arts  Society  brought  to  the  Concert 
Hall  outstanding  performances  by  major  world  orchestras  and  re- 
cital artists.  The  Opera  Society  of  Washington  presented  three 
major  productions:  L'ltaliana  in  Algeri,  Otello,  and  Thais.  And,  the 
Choral  Arts  Society,  the  Paul  Hill  Chorale,  and  the  Oratorio  Society 
of  Washington  performed  many  of  the  world's  great  choral  works. 

The  Center  also  welcomed  independently  presented  productions 
of  Scott  Joplin's  Treemonisha,  John  Philip  Sousa's  El  Capitan,  and 
Britain's  D'Oyly  Carte  Opera  Company. 

F7LM 

Operating  within  the  Kennedy  Center  under  a  separate  administra- 
tion, the  American  Film  Institute  has  brought  more  than  600  films 
and  nearly  100,000  moviegoers  to  the  Center  during  the  past  year. 
The  224-seat  afi  Theater  has  become  one  of  the  world's  most  re- 
spected repertory  film  theaters,  and  its  programs  include  retrospec- 
tives of  the  works  of  important  filmmakers,  the  films  of  a  particular 
country,  and  highlights  of  a  certain  period  or  genre.  Among  the 
1976  series  were  "Americana,"  the  Soviet  Silent  Cinema,  Opera  on 
Film,  new  films  from  Egypt,  Argentina,  Brazil,  Canada,  and  Iran, 
and  series-tributes  to  William  Wyler,  Cary  Grant,  Gary  Cooper, 
Carole  Lombard,  Fred  Astaire,  and  Ginger  Rogers.  The  afi  also 
presented  an  educational  film-lecture  series  and  matinees  of  classic 
films  for  children. 

Appearing  personally  in  connection  with  special  film  presenta- 
tions were  such  stars  as  James  Stewart,  Liv  Ullman,  and  Cicely 
Tyson;  directors,  including  Martin  Scorsese,  Elia  Kazan,  Satyajit 
Ray,  Marcel  Ophuls,  Louis  Malle,  and  Joan  Micklin  Silver;  and 
producers  Sam  Spiegel  and  David  Brown. 

More  than  26,000  people  attended  a  special  Bicentennial  Film 
Series  presented  by  the  National  Park  Service  in  the  afi  Theater 
each  day  from  April  26th  through  Labor  Day.   In  addition,  the 

John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  I  289 


Theater  hosted  such  special  events  as  the  Washington  National 
Student  Film  Festival  and  the  International  Women's  Film  Festival. 
The  afi  Theater  is  supported  by  ticket  revenue,  a  major  grant 
from  the  Cafritz  Foundation,  and  fund-raising  benefits  organized  by 
the  Fans  of  afi. 

"BICENTENNIAL  SALUTE  TO  THE  PERFORMING  ARTS" 

A  glittering  array  of  talent  gathered  on  January  25,  1976,  to  honor 
Center-Chairman  Roger  L.  Stevens  in  a  "Bicentennial  Salute  to  the 
Performing  Arts."  Among  those  who  performed  on  the  Opera 
House  stage,  before  an  audience  that  included  President  and  Mrs. 
Ford,  were  Marian  Anderson,  Pearl  Bailey,  Carol  Channing,  Doug- 
las Fairbanks,  Jr.,  Henry  Fonda,  Tammy  Grimes,  Robert  Hooks, 
Judith  Jamison,  Priscilla  Lopez,  Martha  Scott,  Isaac  Stern,  Edward 
Villella,  Allegra  Kent,  and  Pinchas  Zukerman.  The  gala  perform- 
ance benefitted  the  Center's  Performing  Arts  Programming  Fund. 


Public  Service  Programming 

In  addition  to  its  performance  programming,  the  Center  has  under- 
taken an  extensive  program  of  educational  and  public  service  activi- 
ties, and  during  the  fifteen-month  period  ending  September  30, 
1976,  nearly  one  million  people  attended  1,491  different  free  events. 
Symposia,  focusing  upon  all  areas  of  the  performing  arts  and  draw- 
ing upon  the  expertise  of  many  of  the  performers  appearing  at  the 
Center,  are  presented  on  a  regular  basis  by  the  Friends  of  the  Ken- 
nedy Center,  in  cooperation  with  the  National  Park  Service,  the 
National  Symphony  Orchestra,  and  the  American  Film  Institute. 
The  Friends  also  sponsor  weekly  demonstration-lectures  that  ex- 
plain the  workings  of  the  Concert  Hall's  Filene  Memorial  Organ 
and  feature  recitals  by  Washington-area  organists. 

The  Center's  1975  holiday  festival,  "The  Twelve  Days  of  Christ- 
mas," featured  forty  free  programs  staged  throughout  the  building. 
The  festival,  made  possible  by  the  continued  support  of  Mobil  Oil 
Corporation,  included  the  "Messiah  Sing  In,"  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lar annual  events.  "The  Spring  Festival  of  American  Music,"  spon- 
sored by  McDonald's  Corporation,  offered  thirty-three  free  concerts 
representing  the  spectrum  of  America's  musical  heritage. 

290   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


The  Center's  Bicentennial  exhibition,  "America  on  Stage:  200 
Years  of  Performing  Arts,"  will  continue  through  December  31, 
1976.  Sponsored  by  a  grant  from  IBM  Corporation,  "America  on 
Stage"  occupies  more  than  20,000  square  feet  of  the  Roof  Terrace 
level  and  focuses  upon  the  evolution  of  American  drama,  music, 
and  dance  from  the  colonial  period  to  the  present.  Located  in  the 
exhibition  area  is  a  230-seat  theater  in  the  form  of  a  replica  of  a 
Chautauqua  Tent.  Since  the  exhibition  opened  in  January,  the  Tent 
has  housed  more  than  one  hundred  free  performances,  including  a 
special  Center-sponsored  summer  series,  Three  Portraits  in  Reper- 
tory by  Eugenia  Rawls. 

Free  performances  are  frequently  presented  at  the  Center  in  con- 
junction with  regular  programing  activities.  During  September  and 
October  1975,  the  Center  collaborated  with  the  National  Sym- 
phony, the  Washington  Performing  Arts  Society,  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  and  the  Library  of  Congress  to  produce  a  three-week 
festival  and  musicological  conference  celebrating  the  monumental 
career  of  Joseph  Haydn.  In  addition  to  a  major  series  of  Haydn  per- 
formances in  the  Opera  House  and  Concert  Hall,  ten  of  the  twelve 
Haydn  Masses  were  presented  to  the  public  in  the  Grand  Foyer. 

The  National  Music  Council  is  currently  sponsoring  an  eighteen- 
month-long  series  of  free  State  Day  concerts.  The  series  celebrates 
music  written  by  composers  from  each  of  the  fifty  states  and  the 
District  of  Columbia  and  features  programs  performed  in  the 
Grand  Foyer  and  Concert  Hall  by  solo  artists  and  musical  groups 
from  each  state.  Termed  "A  Bicentennial  Parade  of  American 
Music,"  the  series  is  administered  by  the  National  Federation  of 
Music  Clubs  and  funded  by  a  grant  from  exxon. 

The  Center  also  hosts  Mobil  Oil  Corporation's  "National  Town 
Meeting"  series.  The  National  Town  Meetings  provide  a  unique 
opportunity  for  direct  interaction  between  the  public  and  national 
policy-  and  opinion-makers. 

SPECIALLY  PRICED  TICKET  PROGRAM 

From  July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976,  166,833  tickets  for 
regular  Center  performances  were  distributed  at  half-price  through 
the  Specially  Priced  Ticket  Program.  This  Program  was  designed  by 
the  Center  to  make  its  performances  accessible  to  all,  regardless  of 
economic  circumstances,  and  is  available  to  students,  the  handi- 

John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  I  291 


capped,  senior  citizens,  military  personnel  in  the  lower  grades,  and 
low-income  groups.  The  sale  of  these  Specially  Priced  Tickets  repre- 
sented a  total  price-reduction  of  $841,041  for  the  fifteen-month 
period. 

ALLIANCE  FOR  ARTS  EDUCATION 

In  1973,  the  Center  joined  with  the  Department  of  Health,  Educa- 
tion and  Welfare  to  establish  the  national  Alliance  for  Arts  Educa- 
tion (aae).  The  aae  is  dedicated  to  incorporating  the  arts  into  the 
educational  experience  of  each  child  and  to  fostering  greater  co- 
operation between  established  arts  organizations  and  educational 
institutions,  aae  committees  have  been  established  within  each 
state  to  assist  in  the  implementation  of  specific  state  arts  programs. 

During  March  1976,  the  aae  sponsored  a  six-day  Youth  Music 
Festival  with  performances  throughout  the  Center.  Thirty-five  stu- 
dent groups,  representing  twenty-one  states,  performed  for  a  total 
audience  that  exceeded  ten  thousand.  The  aae  also  sponsors  arts 
workshops  for  teachers  and  school  administrators  and  administers 
an  ongoing  internship  program  designed  to  acquaint  students  with 
basic  arts  administration  skills  through  involvement  in  Center 
operations. 

Currently,  the  aae  is  presenting  a  twenty-eight-week  Children's 
Arts  Series,  with  specially  designed  children's  programs  performed 
at  the  Center  by  professional  groups.  The  programs  are  participa- 
tory in  nature  and  include  music,  dance,  theater,  mime,  poetry,  and 
puppetry.  Performances  are  offered  free  of  charge  on  Fridays  and 
Saturdays  and  are  designed  to  reach  a  total  audience  of  more  than 
thirty-six  thousand  children  during  the  twenty-eight-week  period. 
The  Series  is  intended  to  culminate  in  a  major  Children's  Arts  Festi- 
val in  1977. 

AMERICAN  COLLEGE  THEATRE  FESTIVAL 

The  American  College  Theatre  Festival,  presented  annually  by  the 
Kennedy  Center  and  the  Alliance  for  Arts  Education,  provides 
recognition  to  the  2,300  college  and  university  theaters  throughout 
the  country  and  the  more  than  50,000  students  enrolled  in  formal 
classes  in  theater  arts.  More  than  10,000  college  and  university 
productions  are  presented  in  the  United  States  each  year,  and  the 
Festival  seeks  to  honor  the  best  of  these,  strengthen  the  rest,  and 

292   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


encourage  students  everywhere  to  take  an  active  part  in  theater  as 
writers,  designers,  performers,  directors,  and/or  audiences. 

From  a  series  of  regional  festivals  in  which  more  than  350  schools 
participated,  seven  productions  were  selected  for  presentation  in  a 
national  showcase  at  the  Center  in  April.  The  Festival  Program 
also  included  special  awards  designed  to  recognize  and  encourage 
individual  excellence  in  performing  and  playwriting.  In  its  eighth 
year,  the  Theatre  Festival  was  sponsored  by  amoco  Oil  Company 
and  produced  by  the  American  Theatre  Association. 


Friends  of  the  Kennedy  Center 

Organized  as  the  Center's  official  auxiliary  in  1966,  the  Friends  of 
the  Kennedy  Center  have  established  an  extraordinary  record  of 
service  to  all  phases  of  Center  operations. 

Long  before  the  Center  opened,  the  Friends  staffed  a  visitor  infor- 
mation trailer  at  the  construction  site  and  sent  speakers  into  all 
parts  of  the  country  to  explain  and  promote  the  Center  project.  The 
Friends  co-sponsored  the  first  American  College  Theatre  Festival 
and  in  so  doing  helped  to  establish  one  of  the  Center's  most  sig- 
nificant educational  traditions.  Before  the  Center  had  taken  on  a 
recognizable  structural  form,  the  Friends  were  actively  organizing 
arts  projects  for  Washington-area  school  children  and  sparking  the 
imagination  of  children  through  the  "Tom  Sawyer"  construction- 
fence-painting  project. 

Under  the  chairmanship  of  Mrs.  Polk  Guest,  the  Friends  now 
number  nearly  ten  thousand  from  all  fifty  states  and  several  foreign 
countries.  Included  in  the  membership  are  300  active  volunteers 
whose  combined  contribution  to  the  Center  totals  nearly  80,000 
hours  each  year.  The  volunteer  office,  which  serves  as  a  major  in- 
formation and  assistance  center  for  visitors,  is  staffed  365  days  a 
year  from  9:30  a.m.  until  9:00  p.m.  More  than  400,000  visitors  par- 
ticipate each  year  in  tours  of  the  building  conducted  by  volunteer 
guides.  For  the  benefit  of  foreign  visitors,  tours  are  available  in 
Spanish,  German,  Dutch,  French,  Italian,  and  Hebrew. 

The  Friends  also  administer  the  Center's  Specially  Priced  Ticket 
Program,  manage  its  souvenir  stands,  coordinate  special  arrange- 
ments for  handicapped  visitors  and  theatergoers,  provide  staff  as- 

John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  I  293 


sistance  to  the  Center's  mail-order  department,  assist  with  logistics 
for  the  National  Symphony  Orchestra's  children's  concerts,  and 
respond  to  tens  of  thousands  of  written  requests  for  Center  infor- 
mation. During  the  past  year,  the  Friends  have  also  provided  invalu- 
able assistance  in  staffing  the  "America  on  Stage"  exhibition  each 
day  from  10:15  a.m.  until  8:15  p.m. 

The  Friends  work  closely  with  the  National  Park  Service,  which  is 
responsible  for  maintaining  the  Center  as  a  national  memorial,  and, 
from  July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976,  the  Friends  and 
Park  Service  personnel  helped  to  provide  information  assistance  and 
hospitality  to  more  than  5.8  million  visitors. 


Funding 

The  Center  receives  no  Federal  funding  for  its  programming,  public 
service,  and  administrative  expenses,  which  totaled  $15,639,582  for 
the  twelve-month  period  ending  June  30,  1976,  and  is  solely  de- 
pendent upon  revenue  from  theater  operations,  concessions  income, 
and  private  contributions.  In  addition,  the  Center  reimburses  the 
National  Park  Service  a  pro-rata  share  of  annual  maintenance  costs, 
on  the  basis  of  a  formula  devised  by  independent  accountants  for 
the  House  Public  Works  Committee.  For  the  period  July  1,  1975, 
through  June  30,  1976,  this  reimbursement  amounted  to  $485,440. 

Grants  from  the  American  business  community  enabled  the 
Center  to  develop  one  of  the  most  successful  Bicentennial  efforts  in 
the  nation.  In  a  special  White  House  gathering  on  July  8,  1975, 
President  Ford  praised  the  Center's  Bicentennial  programming  and 
paid  tribute  to  the  generosity  of  its  corporate  sponsors.  Corporate 
grants  specifically  designated  for  Bicentennial  projects  were  received 
from  amoco  Oil  Company,  exxon  Corporation,  ibm  Corporation, 
McDonald's  Corporation,  Mobil  Oil  Corporation,  Philip  Morris,  the 
Prudential  Insurance  Company  of  America,  and  Xerox  Corporation. 

During  the  past  fifteen  months,  the  Center  has  also  received  sub- 
stantial aid  from  the  following  corporations  and  foundations: 
American  Broadcasting  Companies,  Inc.;  Alcoa  Foundation;  Ameri- 
can Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company;  Atlantic  Richfield  Com- 
pany; the  Louis  D.  Beaumont  Foundation;  Bethlehem  Steel  Corpora- 
tion; the  Morris  and  Gwendolyn  Cafritz  Foundation;  Canteen  Cor- 


294   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


As  President  Ford  and  Bicentennial  Commission  Director  John  Warner  look 
on,  Japanese  Prime  Minister  Takeo  Miki  presents  a  check  for  $3  million  to 
Roger  L.  Stevens,  Chairman  of  the  Kennedy  Center,  to  construct  a  600-seat 
Studio  Theater  in  the  Kennedy  Center.  The  Theater  will  be  part  of  Japan's 
Bicentennial  gift  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and,  in  Mr.  Miki's  words, 
"a  permanent  and  living  link  between  our  two  cultures."  (Photo  credit:  Wash- 
ington Post) 


poration;  CBS  Foundation,  Inc.;  the  George  Gund  Foundation;  the 
Charles  E.  Merrill  Trust;  Public  Welfare  Foundation,  Inc.;  William 
Randolph  Hearst  Foundation;  the  Redskin  Foundation;  the  Rocke- 
feller Foundation;  the  Shubert  Foundation;  and  United  States  Steel 
Foundation. 


Bicentennial  Gifts 

During  the  White  House  ceremony  on  June  30,  1976,  Japanese 
Prime  Minister  Takeo  Miki  presented  to  the  Kennedy  Center  a  cash 
gift  of  $3  million,  designated  for  the  completion  of  the  Center's 
Studio  Theatre.  This  Bicentennial  gift  from  the  government  and 


■  MB 


John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  I  295 


people  of  Japan  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  will  provide  the 
Center  with  a  600-seat  facility  designed  for  chamber  music,  experi- 
mental drama,  and  poetry.  The  Theater  located  on  the  Roof  Terrace 
level,  is  expected  to  be  completed  in  1978. 

Other  national  gifts  included  a  bronze  and  stone  sculpture,  Don 
Quixote,  by  Aurelio  Teno,  presented  by  King  Juan  Carlos  I  of 
Spain;  a  white  porcelain  relief  by  Inge-Lise  Koefoed,  presented  by 
Queen  Margrethe  of  Denmark;  a  4,600-year-old  alabaster  vase 
from  the  government  of  Egypt,  presented  by  Mrs.  Anwar  Sadat;  and 
two  tapestries,  "Poem  to  Fire  I  and  II,"  by  Leonardo  Nierman,  pre- 
sented by  the  government  of  Mexico. 


Board  of  Trustees 

Although  organizationally  a  bureau  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
the  Center  is  administered  separately  by  a  45-member  Board  of 
Trustees  composed  of  thirty  members  appointed  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States  to  ten-year  overlapping  terms  and  fifteen  mem- 
bers ex  officio  from  pertinent  government  agencies,  the  Senate,  and 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

On  October  5, 1976,  President  Ford  announced  the  reappointment 
of  Roger  L.  Stevens  and  Jack  J.  Valenti  and  named  as  new  Center 
trustees  Mrs.  Howard  H.  Baker,  Jr.,  Robert  S.  Carter,  Orval  Hansen, 
Mrs.  Bob  Hope,  and  John  G.  Spatuzza. 

After  serving  the  Center  for  eighteen  years  as  Trustee  and  Gen- 
eral Counsel,  Ralph  E.  Becker  resigned  from  the  Board  to  assume 
new  duties  as  United  States  Ambassador  to  Honduras. 

Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  as  of  October  20,  1976,  are  as 
follows: 

Roger  L.  Stevens,  Chairman  Abe  Fortas 

Edward  Aquirre  Peter  H.  B.  Frelinghuysen 

Mrs.  Howard  H.  Baker,  Jr.  J.  William  Fulbright 

Daniel  J.  Boorstin  Leonard  H.  Goldenson 

J.  Carter  Brown  R.  Philip  Hanes,  Jr. 

Robert  S.  Carter  Orval  Hansen 

Mrs.  Edward  Finch  Cox  Mrs.  Rebekah  Harkness 

Marvin  L.  Esch  Mrs.  Paul  H.  Hatch 

Gary  Everhardt  Mrs.  Bob  Hope 

Mrs.  J.  Clifford  Folger  Frank  N.  Ikard 


296  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Edward  M.  Kennedy  Mrs.  Stephen  E.  Smith 

Thomas  H.  Kuchel  John  G.  Spatuzza 

Melvin  R.  Laird  Henry  Strong 

Gustave  L.  Levy  William  Hammond  Thomas 

David  Mathews  Frank  Thompson,  Jr. 

Mrs.  Michael  J.  Mansfield  Benjamin  A.  Trustman 

Mrs.  J.  Willard  Marriott  John  V.  Tunney 

Robert  I.  Millonzi  Jack  J.  Valenti 

Charles  H.  Percy  Walter  E.  Washington 

Mrs.  Donna  Stone  Pesch  Lew  R.  Wasserman 

John  Richardson,  Jr.  Mrs.  Jack  Wrather 

S.  Dillon  Ripley  II  Mrs.  George  A.  Garrett, 

Teno  Roncalio  Honorary  Trustee 

Mrs.  Jouett  Shouse 


John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts  I  297 


The  National  Gallery  of  Art's  East  Building  between  Third  and  Fourth  Streets 
on  the  Mall  is  expected  to  open  in  1978.  (Photo  credit:  Stewart  Bros.,  Inc.) 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 


NATIONAL  GALLERY  OF  ART 


J.  CARTER  BROWN,  DIRECTOR 


The  National  Gallery  of  Art,  although  formally  established  as  a 
bureau  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  is  an  autonomous  and  sepa- 
rately administered  organization.  It  is  governed  by  its  own  Board 
of  Trustees,  the  statutory  members  of  which  are  the  Chief  Justice  of 
the  United  States,  Chairman;  the  Secretary  of  State;  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury;  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
all  ex  officio;  and  five  general  trustees.  Paul  Mellon  continued  as 
president  of  the  Gallery  and  John  Hay  Whitney  as  vice  president. 
The  other  general  trustees  continuing  to  serve  were  Carlisle  H. 
Humelsine  and  Dr.  Franklin  D.  Murphy.  In  September  1975,  Mr. 
Stoddard  M.  Stevens  resigned  after  eight  years  as  a  trustee;  Mr. 
John  R.  Stevenson  of  New  York  City  was  elected  to  succeed  him. 

During  the  fifteen-month  period  ending  September  30,  1976,  the 
Gallery  counted  2,210,813  visitors. 

A  number  of  important  works  of  art  were  acquired.  The  most 
significant  purchase  was  the  painting  Lavender  Mist  by  Jackson 
Pollock.  Done  in  1950,  this  work  is  deemed  one  of  the  key  works 
of  the  artist's  classical  period.  It  will  be  displayed  to  the  public  when 
the  East  Building  is  opened  in  1978.  Notable  among  paintings  do- 
nated were  Copley's  portrait  of  Harrison  Gray  and  Tavern  Scene 
by  the  Flemish  artist  David  Teniers  II. 

Eight  works  of  sculpture  were  added  to  the  collection,  including 
Clodion's  spirited  terra-cotta  model  for  the  famous  marble  group 
Poetry  and  Music  in  the  Kress  Collection  and  Elie  Nadelman's  fine 
plaster  relief,  Two  Nudes. 

Among  the  634  works  of  graphic  art  acquired  were  51  drawings, 


299 


including  an  Ingres  portrait  and  Bird  Perched  on  a  Branch  with 
Fruit  by  Mantegna,  17  Homer  watercolors,  and  prints  by  Altdorfer, 
Gainsborough,  Delacroix,  Pissarro,  and  de  Kooning.  A  major  dona- 
tion of  160  prints,  30  drawings,  and  2  illustrated  books  by  the  most 
prominent  contemporary  American  artists  was  added  to  the  Gal- 
lery's modern  collection. 

Twelve  exhibitions  were  offered  by  the  Gallery  during  the  period. 
"Master  Paintings  from  The  Hermitage  and  The  State  Russian 
Museum"  afforded  viewers  a  selection  of  thirty  of  the  old  masters 
as  well  as  a  dozen  works  by  nineteenth-century  Russian  artists  little 
known  to  Americans.  A  small  but  representative  display  of  Goya's 
paintings  in  the  Prado  marked  the  visit  of  King  Juan  Carlos  to  the 
United  States. 

Two  major  exhibitions  were  mounted  after  years  of  gestation  as 
the  Gallery's  contribution  to  the  Bicentennial.  The  first,  "The  Euro- 
pean Vision  of  America,"  done  in  conjunction  with  the  Cleveland 
Museum  of  Art,  sought  to  convey  the  impact  of  the  discovery  and 
opening  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  on  the  visual  arts  of  Europe 
from  the  sixteenth  through  the  nineteenth  centuries.  The  second  ex- 
hibition, "The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson,"  in  a  sense  the  reverse 
of  the  first,  surveyed  the  impact  of  the  classical  and  European  heri- 
tage of  art,  architecture,  literature,  and  music  on  Jefferson,  that 
most  nearly  omniscient  of  the  Founding  Fathers.  A  full  list  of 
exhibitions  is  noted  at  the  close  of  this  section. 

From  its  collections,  the  Gallery  made  loans  to  thirty-nine  exhibi- 
tions at  fifty-two  institutions  including  fourteen  abroad.  Among 
works  lent  were  seventy-seven  paintings,  four  sculptures,  ninety- 
six  graphics,  two  oriental  rugs,  and  one  tapestry. 

The  Department  of  Extension  Programs  continued  to  make  prog- 
ress in  revising  existing  audiovisual  materials  and  developed  and 
field-tested  two  new  formats  designed  to  enhance  the  classroom 
teaching  of  art  history.  These  included  texts,  cassettes,  slides,  film, 
and  reproductions.  Total  bookings  of  all  programs  were  35,608,  an 
increase,  on  an  annual  basis,  of  9  percent.  The  total  estimated 
audience  in  all  fifty  states  and  foreign  countries  was  3,033,127. 
Another  educational  program,  Art  and  Man,  published  in  coopera- 
tion with  Scholastic  Magazines,  Inc.,  reached  over  3,500  classrooms 
in  every  state. 

Total  attendance  at  talks  given  by  the  Gallery's  Education  De- 

300  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


partment  and  at  the  programs  presented  in  the  auditorium  was 
131,654.  These  included  the  regularly  scheduled  auditorium  lectures 
and  films;  the  Introduction  to  the  Collection,  the  Tour  of  the  Week, 
and  Painting  of  the  Week  talks;  as  well  as  special  introductory 
presentations  keyed  to  three  of  the  exhibitions.  There  were  thirty- 
three  guest  lecturers  including  the  twenty-fourth  annual  Andrew  W. 
Mellon  Lecturer  in  the  Fine  Arts,  Peter  von  Blanckenhagen,  who 
gave  a  series  of  six  lectures  entitled  "Aspects  of  Classical  Art." 
Other  distinguished  scholars  who  lectured  included  Rosamond 
Bernier,  Philip  Hofer,  and  Sir  Francis  Watson,  the  Kress  Professor 
in  Residence. 

The  Conservation  staff  undertook  major  restoration  on  twelve 
paintings  and  minor  treatment  on  fifty.  A  major  research  project  on 
all  the  Gallery's  twenty-three  Rembrandts  was  initiated  and  will 
continue  for  several  years.  The  Chief  Conservator  accompanied  the 
return  of  the  "Exhibition  of  Archaeological  Finds"  to  the  People's 
Republic  of  China.  Important  work  was  also  performed  on  the 
graphics  and  textile  collections. 

The  Research  Project  at  the  Carnegie-Mellon  Institute  of  Re- 
search continued  the  study  of  the  properties  of  both  natural  and 
synthetic  varnishes  and  solvents  therefor,  and  produced  several 
publications.  Additional  projects  dealt  with  deteriorating  effects 
of  light  on  artists'  materials  including  yarns  used  for  repairing 
tapestries.  Work  continued  on  ten  monographs  on  artists'  pigments. 

The  most  noteworthy  acquisition  of  the  Library  was  the  collection 
of  nearly  five  hundred  volumes  belonging  to  Wolfgang  Stechow  and 
donated  by  Mrs.  Stechow.  More  than  4,000  other  books  and 
pamphlets  were  received.  The  Photographic  Archives  acquired  over 
165,000  photographs,  of  which  108,869  were  purchased  through 
funds  donated  by  the  Samuel  H.  Kress  Foundation. 

The  sales  facilities,  including  special  catalogue  desks  at  exhibi- 
tions, handled  343,768  over-the-counter  orders  and  6,689  mail 
orders. 

In  the  Music  Program,  forty-one  concerts  were  presented  in  the 
East  Garden  Court.  The  National  Gallery  Orchestra  supplied  the 
music  at  the  eighteenth-century  fireworks  that  inaugurated  "The 
Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson"  exhibition  in  June  and  represented  the 
District  of  Columbia  in  the  Parade  of  the  States  series  at  the  Ken- 
nedy Center.   In  a  closing  salute  to  the  Jefferson  exhibition,  the 

National  Gallery  of  Art  I  301 


Cafe  opened  in  June  1976  in  the  Concourse  beneath  the  Plaza,  both  of  which 
will  connect  the  new  East  Building  with  the  present  National  Gallery  of  Art. 


Orchestra    Sinfonica    Scarlatti    di    Napoli    performed   in   the   East 
Garden  Court  as  an  official  gift  of  the  Government  of  Italy. 

The  period  under  review  witnessed  impressive  developments  on 
the  construction  site  to  the  east  of  the  National  Gallery's  original 
building.  In  the  summer  of  1975,  the  East  Building  appeared  little 
more  than  half  completed;  but  by  the  end  of  the  summer  of  1976, 
all  the  exterior  walls  had  risen  to  their  full  height  and  were  covered 
with  marble,  and  the  giant  frame  for  the  skylight  over  the  central 
court  was  in  place.  In  addition,  the  construction  of  the  Concourse 
linking  the  two  buildings  was  completed,  the  Plaza  above  it  was 
paved,  and  the  Gallery  grounds  were  relandscaped  to  Fourth  Street. 
In  late  June,  the  public  was  welcomed  to  the  600-seat  Cafe/Buffet 
in  the  Concourse;  the  new  sales  area  offering  a  wide  choice  of  art 
books  was  opened  at  the  end  of  August.  During  the  fifteen  months, 


302   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


The  Andrew  W.  Mellon  Foundation  made  grants  in  support  of  this 
expansion  program  totalling  $10  million. 

During  the  spring  of  1976,  rapid  progress  was  made  in  remodel- 
ing of  the  Fourth  Street  entrance  to  the  original  Gallery  building 
with  a  new  east  doorway  and  a  Main  Floor  balcony  overlooking  the 
Plaza  and  the  Lobby.  A  large  Aubusson  tapestry  based  on  Jean 
Arp's  Aubette  mural  was  given  by  the  Collector's  Committee  and 
displayed  on  the  landing  of  the  escalator  leading  to  the  Concourse. 
This  was  the  first  work  of  art  commissioned  and  completed  in  con- 
nection with  the  new  building  program. 

TEMPORARY  EXHIBITIONS  AT  THE  NATIONAL 
GALLERY  OF  ART  IN  FISCAL  YEAR  1976 

26  Lithographs  Printed  at  the  Tamarind  Workshop,  Los  Angeles 
Continued  from  the  previous  fiscal  year  through  July  9, 1975. 

Jacques  Callot:  Prints  &  Related  Drawings 

Continued  from  the  previous  fiscal  year  through  September  14, 1975. 

Pennsylvania  German  Craftsmanship — 18th  and  19th  Centuries 
Watercolor  renderings  from  the  Index  of  American  Design 
July  11,  1975,  through  January  25, 1976. 

Master  Paintings  from  The  Hermitage  and  The  State  Russian  Museum 
July  30  through  September  9, 1975. 

Winslow  Homer  (1836-1910) :  Watercolors 
September  28  through  December  14, 1975. 

The  European  Vision  of  America 

December  7, 1975,  through  February  16, 1976. 

Recent  Acquisitions  of  Printed  Portraits:  Sixteenth-Eighteenth  Centuries 
January  26  through  June  6, 1976. 

Goya  in  the  Prado 

May  6  through  31,  1976. 

The  Triumph  of  Reason  and  Order  over  Chaos  and  War:  Eighteenth- 
Century  French  Fireworks  Spectacle 
June  1, 1976. 

The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson 

June  5  through  September  6, 1976. 

Fireworks/Feux  d'Artifices:  Prints  and  Watercolors  of  French  Fireworks 
from  the  17th  to  the  19th  Century 
June  10  through  September  6, 1976. 

Morris  Louis:  Major  Themes  &  Variations 

September  12,  1976,  through  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year. 

National  Gallery  of  Art  I  303 


BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

EX  OFFICIO 

The  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States 

Warren  E.  Burger,  Chairman 
The  Secretary  of  State 

Henry  A.  Kissinger 
The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 

William  E.  Simon 
The  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution 

S.  Dillon  Ripley 


GENERAL 

Carlisle  H.  Humelsine 
Paul  Mellon 
Franklin  D.  Murphy 
John  R.  Stevenson 
John  Hay  Whitney 


304  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Smithsonian  Year  •  1976 
APPENDICES 


1.  Members  of  the  Smithsonian  Council,  Boards,  page  306 
and  Commissions,  September  30, 1976 

2.  Smithsonian  Special  Foreign  Currency  Program  Research  312 
Supported  from  July  1, 1975,  through  September  30, 1976 

3.  National  Museum  Act  Grants  Awarded,  July  1,  1975,  314 
through  September  30, 1976 

4.  Progress  on  Building  Construction,  Restoration,  317 
and  Renovation 

5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  319 
July  1, 1975,  through  September  30, 1976 

6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  332 
and  Its  Subsidiaries,  July  1, 1975,  through 

September  30, 1976 

7.  Academic  Appointments,  July  1,  1975,  411 
through  September  30, 1976 

8.  Smithsonian  Associates  Membership,  July  1,  1975,  425 
through  September  30, 1976 

9.  List  of  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  434 
July  1, 1975,  through  September  30, 1976 

10.  List  of  Volunteers  Who  Served  the  Smithsonian  488 
Institution,  July  1, 1975,  through  September  30, 1976 

11.  Visitors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institutions,  July  1,  1975,  511 
through  September  30, 1976 

12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  Its  Subsidiaries,  512 
September  30, 1976 


305 


APPENDIX  1.  Members  of  the  Smithsonian  Council,  Boards, 
and  Commissions,  September  30, 1976 


Smithsonian  Institution  Board  of  Regents 

Warren  E.  Burger,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  Chancellor 

Nelson  A.  Rockefeller,  Vice  President  of  the  United  States 

Frank  E.  Moss,  Member  of  the  Senate 

Henry  M.  Jackson,  Member  of  the  Senate 

Hugh  Scott,  Member  of  the  Senate 

George  H.  Mahon,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

Elford  A.  Cederberg,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

Sidney  R.  Yates,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 

John  Paul  Austin,  citizen  of  Georgia 

John  Nicholas  Brown,  citizen  of  Rhode  Island 

William  A.  M.  Burden,  citizen  of  New  York 

Murray  Gell-Mann,  citizen  of  California 

Robert  F.  Goheen,  citizen  of  New  Jersey 

Caryl  P.  Haskins,  citizen  of  Washington,  D.C. 

A.  Leon  Higginbotham,  Jr.,  citizen  of  Pennsylvania 

Thomas  J.  Watson,  Jr.,  citizen  of  Connecticut 

James  E.  Webb,  citizen  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Executive  Committee,  Board  of  Regents 

Warren  E.  Burger,  Chancellor  of  the  Board  of  Regents 

William  A.  M.  Burden 

Caryl  P.  Haskins 

James  E.  Webb,  Chairman 

The  Smithsonian  Council 

Dr.  Roger  D.  Abrahams,  Chairman,  Department  of  English,  Professor  of  Eng- 
lish and  Anthropology,  The  University  of  Texas  at  Austin,  Austin,  Texas 
78712. 

Professor  George  A.  Bartholomew,  Department  of  Zoology,  University  of 
California,  Los  Angeles,  California  90024. 

Dr.  Milton  W.  Brown,  The  Graduate  School  and  University  Center,  City  Uni- 
versity of  New  York,  33  West  42nd  Street,  New  York,  New  York  10036. 

Dr.  Reid  A.  Bryson,  Director,  Institute  for  Environmental  Studies,  University 
of  Wisconsin-Madison,  1225  West  Dayton  Street,  Madison,  Wisconsin  53706. 

Dr.  Frederick  H.  Burkhardt,  President  Emeritus,  American  Council  of  Learned 
Societies,  RFD  1,  Bennington,  Vermont  05201. 

Professor  Archie  F.  Carr,  Jr.,  Department  of  Biology,  University  of  Florida, 
Gainesville,  Florida  32601. 

Professor  Carl  W.  Condit,  Center  for  Urban  Affairs,  Northwestern  University, 
2040  Sheridan  Road,  Evanston,  Illinois  60201. 

Mrs.  Camille  W.  Cook,  Associate  Dean,  University  of  Alabama  School  of  Law, 
Box  1435,  University  of  Alabama  35486. 


306   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mrs.  Anne  d'Harnoncourt,  Curator,  Philadelphia  Museum  of  Art,  Parkway  at 
26th  Street,  P.O.  Box  7646,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania  19106. 

Professor  A.  Hunter  Dupree,  Department  of  History,  Brown  University,  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island  02912. 

Professor  Fred  R.  Eggan,  Department  of  Anthropology,  University  of  Chicago, 
1126  East  59th  Street,  Chicago,  Illinois  60601. 

Dr.  Murray  Gell-Mann,  California  Institute  of  Technology,  1201  East  Cali- 
fornia Avenue,  Pasadena,  California  91109. 

Dr.  Peter  C.  Goldmark,  Goldmark  Communications  Corporation,  One  Com- 
munication Plaza,  Stamford,  Connecticut  06905. 

Dr.  Frank  B.  Golley,  Executive  Director,  Institute  of  Ecology,  The  Rockhouse, 
University  of  Georgia,  Athens,  Georgia  30601. 

Professor  Stephen  Jay  Gould,  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology,  Harvard 
University,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts  02138. 

Dr.  David  Hawkins,  Director,  Mountain  View  Center  for  Environmental  Edu- 
cation, University  of  Colorado,  1511  University  Avenue,  Boulder,  Colorado 
80302. 

Professor  Nathan  I.  Huggins,  Department  of  History,  Columbia  University, 
New  York,  New  York  10027. 

Dr.  Giles  W.  Mead,  Director,  Los  Angeles  County  Museum  of  Natural  History, 
900  Exposition  Boulevard,  Los  Angeles,  California  90007. 

Dr.  Ruth  Patrick,  Chairman  of  the  Board,  The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
19th  and  Parkway,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania  19103. 

Dr.  Gordon  N.  Ray,  President,  John  Simon  Guggenheim  Memorial  Foundation, 
90  Park  Avenue,  New  York,  New  York  10016. 

Mr.  Harold  Rosenberg,  do  New  Yorker  Magazine,  25  West  43rd  Street,  New 
York,  New  York  10036. 

Professor  Carl  E.  Sagan,  Director,  Laboratory  of  Planetary  Studies,  Space 
Sciences  Building,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York  14850. 

Mr.  Andre  Schiffrin,  Managing  Director,  Pantheon  Books,  201  East  50th 
Street,  New  York,  New  York  10022. 

Mrs.  Barbara  W.  Tuchman,  875  Park  Avenue,  New  York,  New  York  10021. 


Archives  of  American  Art  Board  of  Trustees 


Mrs.  Otto  L.  Spaeth,  Chairman 

Irving  F.  Burton,  President 

Mrs.  Nancy  B.  Negley,  Vice  President 

Mrs.  E.  Bliss  Parkinson,  Vice  President 

Henry  DeF.  Baldwin,  Secretary 

Joel  S.  Ehrenkranz,  Treasurer 

Edwin  Bergman 

Mrs.  John  L.  Bradley 

Joseph  H.  Hirshhorn 

James  Humphry  III 

Miss  Milka  Iconomoff 

Gilbert  H.  Kinney 


Howard  W.  Lipman 
Harold  O.  Love 
Russell  Lynes 
Richard  Manoogian 
Porter  A.  McCray 
Abraham  Melamed 
Mrs.  Dana  M.  Raymond 
Edward  M.  M.  Warburg 
George  H.  Waterman  III 
S.  Dillon  Ripley,  ex  officio 
Charles  Blitzer,  ex  officio 


Center  for  the  Study  of  Man 

National  Anthropological  Film  Center  Advisory  Council 

Dr.  Margaret  Mead,  The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 
Mrs.  Roma  Crocker,  Washington,  D.C. 

Dr.  William  H.  Crocker,  Associate  Curator  of  South   American   Ethnology, 
Smithsonian  Institution. 


Appendix  1.  Smithsonian  Council,  Boards,  and  Commissions  I  307 


Dr.  Gordon  Gibson,  Curator  of  African  Ethnology,  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Dr.  Edward  Hall,  Professor  of  Anthropology,  Northwestern  University. 

Dr.  Paul  Hockings,  Associate  Professor  of  Anthropology,  University  of  Illinois 
at  Chicago  Circle. 

Mr.  Matthew  Huxley,  National  Institute  of  Mental  Health. 

Dr.  Jay  Ruby,  President,  Society  for  the  Anthropology  of  Visual  Communica- 
tion, do  Temple  University,  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  George  Spindler,  Professor  of  Anthropology,  Stanford.  University. 

Mrs.  Marion  Stirling,  Washington,  D.C. 

Dr.  Sol  Tax,  Professor  of  Anthropology,  University  of  Chicago. 

Dr.  Fuller  Torrey,  National  Institute  of  Mental  Health. 

Mr.  Carroll  Williams,  Director,  Anthropology  Film  Center,  Santa  Fe. 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 
Board  of  Trustees 

Daniel  P.  Moynihan,  Chairman*  Anne  d'Harnoncourt 

Leigh  B.  Block,  Vice-Chairman**  Thomas  M.  Evans 

H.  Harvard  Arnason  Sydney  Lewis*** 

Theodore  E.  Cummings  Dorothy  C.  Miller*** 

Honorable  Warren  E.  Burger,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  ex  officio 
Honorable  S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary,  Smithsonian  Institution,  ex  officio 

*  Reelected  at  meeting  of  Board  of  Trustees,  May  12,  1976. 
**  Elected  at  meeting  of  Board  of  Trustees,  May  12,  1976. 
***  Appointed  at  meeting  of  Board  of  Trustees,  May  12,  1976. 

Horticultural  Advisory  Committee 

S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  ex  officio. 

Mr.  James  R.  Buckler,  Horticulturist,  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Dr.  Robert  Baker,  Professor  of  Horticulture,  University  of  Maryland. 

Mrs.  Frances  Patteson-Knight,  Lay  Horticulturist,  McLean,  Virginia. 

Mr.  Jimmie  L.  Crowe,  Assistant  Director,  U.S.  Botanic  Gardens. 

Dr.  Robert  Read,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Department  of  Botany. 

Dr.  Russell  Seibert,  Director,  Longwood  Gardens,  Kennett  Square,  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Mrs.  Belva  Jensen,  Director,  Division  of  Biological  Sciences,  Charles  County 
Community  College. 

Mr.  Carlton  Lees,  Vice  President,  New  York  Botanic  Gardens. 

Mr.  Lester  Collins,  Landscape  Architect,  Washington,  D.C. 


Mrs.  S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Orchidologist,  Washington,  D.C. 
Dr.  Robert  Read,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Department  of  Botany. 
Mr.  Paul  Desautels,  Orchidologist  and  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution,  De- 
partment of  Mineralogy. 
Mr.  James  R.  Buckler,  Horticulturist,  Smithsonian  Institution. 
Mr.  August  A.  Dietz  IV,  Greenhouse  Manager. 

*  Established  by  the  Secretary  in  September  1975.  This  Subcommittee  meets  approxi- 
mately every  other  month. 

John  F.  Kennedy  Center  for  the  Performing  Arts 
Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  are  given  on  page  296. 


308   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


National  Air  and  Space  Museum  Advisory  Board 

EX  OFFICIO 

S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  Chairman. 
Jefferson  W.  Cochran,  Federal  Aviation  Administration,  Department  of  Trans- 
portation. 
Brigadier  General  James  L.  Collins,  Department  of  the  Army. 
Vice  Admiral  Forrest  S.  Petersen,  Department  of  the  Navy. 
Brigadier  General  William  C.  Norris,  Department  of  the  Air  Force. 
Rear  Admiral  Robert  H.  Scarborough,  United  States  Coast  Guard. 
Herbert  J.  Rowe,  National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration. 
Brigadier  General  Phillip  Shutler,  United  States  Marine  Corps. 

CITIZEN  MEMBERS 

Mrs.  O.  A.  Beech,  Wichita,  Kansas. 

Lieutenant  General  William  E.  Hall,  USAF  (Ret),  Palm  Bay,  Florida. 

Lieutenant  General  Elwood  R.  Quesada,  USAF  (Ret),  Washington,  D.C. 


National  Air  and  Space  Museum  Visiting  Committee 

Dr.  Alexander  H.  Flax,  President,  Institute  of  Defense  Analysis. 

Dr.  Gerald  K.  O'Neill,  Professor  of  Physics,  Princeton  University. 

Mr.  Russell  L.  Schweickart,  Director,  User  Affairs,  National  Aeronautics  and 
Space  Administration. 

Dr.  Leon  T.  Silver,  Professor  of  Geology,  California  Institution  of  Technology. 

Lieutenant  General  James  T.  Stewart,  USAF,  Commander,  Aeronautical  Sys- 
tems Division. 

Dr.  Richard  T.  Whitcomb,  Head,  Transonic  Aerodynamics  Branch,  Langley 
Research  Center. 


National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts  Commission 


George  B.  Tatum,  Chairman 

Otto  Wittmann,  Vice  Chairman 

S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  Brook  Blake 

Thomas  S.  Buechner 

David  E.  Finley 

Martin  Friedman 

Lloyd  Goodrich 

Walker  Hancock 

R.  Philip  Hanes,  Jr. 

Bartlett  H.  Hayes,  Jr. 

HONORARY  MEMBERS 

Paul  Mellon 
Stow  Wengenroth 


August  Heckscher 
Thomas  C.  Howe 
Mrs.  Jaquelin  H.  Hume 
David  Lloyd  Kreeger 
Abram  Lerner,  ex  officio 
Mrs.  Doris  M.  Magowan 
Henry  P.  Mcllhenny 
Ogden  M.  Pleissner 
Harold  Rosenberg 
Charles  H.  Sawyer 
Mrs.  Otto  Spaeth 


Alexander  Wetmore 
Andrew  Wyeth 


National  Gallery  of  Art 
Members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  are  given  on  page  304. 


Appendix  1.  Smithsonian  Council,  Boards,  and  Commissions  I  309 


National  Portrait  Gallery  Commission 

John  Nicholas  Brown,  Chairman  Katie  Louchheim 

Ralph  Ellison  Barry  Bingham,  Sr. 

David  E.  Finley  Warren  E.  Burger,  Chief  Justice  of 
Wilmarth  Sheldon  Lewis  the  United  States,  ex  officio 

Robert  L.  McNeil,  Jr.  S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary, 
Andrew  Oliver  Smithsonian  Institution,  ex  officio 

E.  P.  Richardson  J.  Carter  Brown,  Director,  National 
Robert  Hilton  Smith  Gallery  of  Art,  ex  officio 


Office  of  International  Programs, 

Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency  Program  Advisory  Councils 

ARCHEOLOGY  AND  RELATED  DISCIPLINES 
ADVISORY  COUNCIL 

Dr.  Klaus  Baer  Dr.  Nancie  Gonzalez  (observer) 

Professor  Joseph  W.  Elder  Professor  Henry  S.  Robinson 

Dr.  William  Fitzhugh  Dr.  Bernard  Wailes 

ASTROPHYSICS  AND  EARTH  SCIENCES 
ADVISORY  COUNCIL 

Dr.  Felix  Chayes  Dr.  William  Melson 

Dr.  Henry  Faul  Professor  Thornton  Page 

Dr.  Paul  Hodge  Dr.  Victor  Szebehely 

Dr.  William  H.  Klein  Dr.  Louis  Walter 

BIOLOGICAL  SCIENCES  ADVISORY  COUNCIL 

Dr.  Edwin  Colbert  Dr.  James  C.  Hickman  (observer) 

Professor  Kenneth  W.  Cooper  Dr.  Robert  F.  Inger 

Dr.  John  F.  Eisenberg  Dr.  Watson  M.  Laetsch 

Professor  Peter  W.  Frank  Dr.  Paul  Risser  (observer) 

NATIONAL  MUSEUM  ACT  COUNCIL 

(See  listing  under  Assistant  Secretary  for  Museum  Programs) 


Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange,  Incorporated, 
Board  of  Directors 

Dr.  David  Challinor,  Chairman  of  the  Board,  Assistant  Secretary  for  Science, 

Smithsonian  Institution,  ex  officio. 
Dr.   Lee   G.   Burchinal,   Director,   Division    of  Science   Information,   National 

Science  Foundation. 
Dr.  David  F.  Hersey,  President,  Smithsonian  Science  Information  Exchange, 

Inc. 
Mr.  S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary,  Smithsonian  Institution,  ex  officio. 
Dr.  R.  W.  Lamont-Havers,  Deputy  Director,  National  Institutes  of  Health. 
Dr.  Charles  W.  Shilling,  Executive  Secretary,  Undersea  Medical  Society,  Inc. 
Mr.  Alan  D.  Ullberg,  Associate  General  Counsel,  Smithsonian  Institution. 
Mr.  T.  Ames  Wheeler,  Treasurer,  Smithsonian  Institution. 


310  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars 
Board  of  Trustees 

William  J.  Baroody,  Chairman. 

Daniel  P.  Moynihan,  Vice  Chairman. 

Ronald  S.  Berman,  Chairman,  National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities. 

Daniel  J.  Boorstin,  Librarian  of  Congress. 

Robert  H.  Bork,  Washington,  D.C. 

Robert  A.  Goldwin,  Special  Consultant  to  the  President. 

Bryce  N.  Harlow,  Washington,  D.C. 

Henry  A.  Kissinger,  Secretary  of  State. 

David  Mathews,  Secretary  of  Health,  Education  and  Welfare. 

Paul  W.  McCracken,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 

James  B.  Rhodes,  Archivist  of  the  United  States. 

S.  Dillon  Ripley,  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

Dean  Rusk,  University  of  Georgia  Law  School. 

Rawleigh  Warner,  Jr.,  New  York,  New  York. 


Appendix  1.  Smithsonian  Council,  Boards,  and  Commissions  I   311 


APPENDIX  2.  Smithsonian  Special  Foreign  Currency  Program 
Research  Supported  from  July  1,  1975,  through 
September  30,  1976 


ARCHEOLOGY  AND  RELATED  DISCIPLINES 

American  Institute  of  Indian  Studies,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  Continued 
support  for  administration;  research  fellowships;  Benares  Center  for  Art  and 
Archeology;  documentation  of  selected  ritual  art  forms  as  communication 
systems  of  traditional  culture. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York,  New  York.  Excavation  at 
Harappan  site  of  Allahdino  in  the  Malir  Area,  Karachi  District,  Pakistan. 

American  Research  Center  in  Egypt,  Princeton,  New  Jersey.  Continued  support 
for  a  program  of  research  and  excavation  in  Egypt:  support  for  operation  of 
the  Cairo  Center;  maintenance  of  archeological  research  at  the  site  of  Hiera- 
konpolis  (Nekhen)  in  Edfu  District;  survey  of  Arabic  scientific  manuscripts 
in  Cairo;  continuation  of  excavation  of  a  stratified  pharaonic  site  in  the 
Egyptian  delta  at  Mendes;  Akhenaten  Temple  project;  research  in  modern 
Arabic  literature;  continuation  of  an  epigraphic  and  architectural  survey  at 
Luxor  by  the  Oriental  Institute;  editing  the  Nag  Hammadi  codices;  prepara- 
tion for  publication  of  a  manuscript  by  the  late  G.  Legrain  on  the  Late 
Egyptian  sculpture  from  Karnak  in  the  Cairo  Museum. 

American  Schools  of  Oriental  Research,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  Excava- 
tions in  salient  areas  of  Punic  and  Roman  Carthage  (Tunisia). 

Dumbarton  Oaks  Center  for  Byzantine  Studies,  Washington,  D.C.  A  corpus 
of  the  mosaics  of  Tunisia. 

North  Texas  State  University,  Arlington,  Texas.  Studies  in  predynastic  Egypt. 

Southern  Methodist  University,  Dallas,  Texas.  Prehistory  of  the  Western 
Desert,  Egypt. 

University  of  California,  Berkeley,  California.  Archeological  excavations  at 
the  Harappan  seaport  of  Balakot,  Pakistan. 

University  of  Kentucky,  Lexington,  Kentucky.  Archeological  investigations  at 
Qsar  Ibrium,  Egyptian  Nubia. 

University  of  Louisville,  Louisville,  Kentucky.  Research  and  study  of  early 
medieval  Polish  archeology. 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  Excavation  within  the 
town  and  harbor  site  of  Malkata,  western  Thebes  (Egypt). 

Wayne  State  University,  Detroit,  Michigan.  Prehistoric  studies  in  the  Siwa 
oasis  region,  northwestern  Egypt. 


312  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


SYSTEMATIC  AND  ENVIRONMENTAL  BIOLOGY 
(INCLUDING  PALEOBIOLOGY) 

Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  Mitochondrial 
DNAs  of  hybridogenetic  amphibians:  a  search  for  a  biological  clock. 

Duke  University,  Durham,  North  Carolina.  Exploitation  of  habitats  by  chemi- 
cally differentiated  races  of  morphologically  uniform  lichen  forming  fungi 
(Tunisia). 

National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Department  of  Entomology,  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  Biosystematic  studies  of  the  insects  of  Ceylon. 

National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Department  of  Paleobiology,  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  Comparative  study  and  geography  of  selected  Devonian  and  Permian 
corals  in  Poland  and  the  United  States  of  America. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Office  of  the  Secretary,  Washington,  D.C.  Some  as- 
pects of  the  ecology  of  Indian  birds;  publication  of  the  Synopsis  of  the  Birds 
of  India  and  Pakistan;  publication  of  Phillips  Revised  Checklist  of  the  Birds 
of  Ceylon. 

Smithsonian  Oceanographic  Sorting  Center,  Washington,  D.C.  Study  of  bio- 
logical productivity  of  some  tropical  lakes  of  South  India. 

University  of  California,  Berkeley,  California.  Pollen  flow  in  Lythrum  junceum 
(Tunisia). 

University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan.  Systematic  studies  of  the 
molluscan  genus  Bulinus  in  Africa  and  adjacent  regions  (Egypt). 

Utah  State  University,  Logan,  Utah.  Systems  analysis  of  the  Pre-Saharan 
ecosystem  of  southern  Tunisia. 

ASTROPHYSICS  AND  EARTH  SCIENCES 

Duke  University,  Durham,  North  Carolina.  Studies  in  Lake  of  Tunis. 

Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts.  Con- 
tinued operation  of  the  SAO/Uttar  Pradesh  State  observing  station  at  Naini 
Tal  (India);  geophysical  interpretation  of  mean  latitude  variations  of  stations 
located  on  a  common  meridian  (Poland). 

University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  Illinois.  Nucleosynthesis  and  the  advanced 
stages  of  stellar  evolution  (Poland). 

University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  Geochronology  of 
alkaline  complexes  of  the  southeastern  desert  of  Egypt. 

MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 

Festival  of  American  Folklife,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.C.  Old 
ways  in  the  New  World  (Egypt,  Pakistan). 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  Department  of  Science  and 
Technology,  Washington,  D.C.  Cooperative  program  for  advice,  training  and 
research  on  medicine  and  pharmacy  museums  in  Egypt. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Smithsonian  Magazine.  Development  of  educational 
articles  for  Smithsonian  magazine  on  research  abroad  supported  by  the 
Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency  Program  (Poland). 


Appendix  2.  Smithsonian  Foreign  Currency  Program  I  313 


APPENDIX  3.   National   Museum   Act   Grants   Awarded,   July   1, 
1975,  through  September  30,  1976 


PROFESSIONAL  AND  TECHNICAL  ASSISTANCE  PROGRAM 

National  Conservation  Advisory  Council,  Washington,  D.C. 

The  American  Association  for  State  and  Local  History,  Nashville,  Tennessee. 

International  Council  of  Museums,  Paris,  France. 

University  of  Illinois,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

The  University  of  Nebraska  State  Museum,  Lincoln,  Nebraska. 

The  Association  of  Systematics  Collections,  Lawrence,  Kansas. 

Regional  Conference  of  Historical  Agencies,  Manlius,  New  York. 

Merrimack  Valley  Textile  Museum,  North  Andover,  Massachusetts. 

American  Association  of  Museums,  Washington,  D.C. 

SPECIAL  STUDIES  AND  RESEARCH  PROGRAM 

The  American  Association  for  State  and  Local  History,  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
The  University  of  Illinois  at  Chicago  Circle,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
The  American  Academy  in  Rome,  New  York,  New  York. 

Conservation  Center,  Institute  of  Fine  Arts,  New  York  University,  New  York, 

New  York. 

Georgetown  University,  Washington,  D.C. 

The  Regents  of  the  University  of  California,  Riverside,  California. 

University  of  Maryland,  College  Park,  Maryland. 

Texas  Technical  University,  Lubbock,  Texas. 

TRAVEL  PROGRAM  FOR  MUSEUM  PROFESSIONALS 

New  MUSE  Community  Museum  of  Brooklyn,  Brooklyn,  New  York 
The  Denver  Art  Museum,  Denver,  Colorado. 
Gallery  101-University  of  Wisconsin,  River  Falls,  Wisconsin. 
San  Antonio  Museum  Association,  San  Antonio,  Texas. 


314   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Denver  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Denver,  Colorado. 

Georgia  Museum  of  Art,  Athens,  Georgia. 

The  Byzantine  Collection,  Dumbarton  Oaks,  Washington,  D.C. 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  New  York,  New  York. 

Art  Conservation  Laboratory,  University  of  California,  Davis,  California. 

McDonnell  Planetarium,  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

Fogg  Art  Museum,  Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Massachusetts. 

Museum  of  International  Folk  Art,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico. 

San  Francisco  Maritime  Museum,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Museum  of  Fine  Arts,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

The  Putnam  Museum,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Southwest  Research  Center  and  Museum  Bishop  College,  Dallas,  Texas. 

Center  for  Creative  Photography,  University  of  Arizona,  Tucson,  Arizona. 

Alaska  State  Museum,  Juneau,  Alaska. 

Schoellkopf  Geological  Museum,  Niagara  Falls,  New  York. 

STIPEND  SUPPORT  FOR  MUSEUM  INTERNSHIPS 

University   of   California,    California    Academy    of    Sciences,    Department    of 
Work-Learn  Center,  Davis,  California. 

The  Museum  of  African  Art,  Washington,  D.C. 

Museum  Associates,  Los  Angeles,  California. 

Rochester  Museum  &  Science  Center,  Rochester,  New  York. 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York,  New  York. 

Philadelphia  Museum  of  Art,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

STIPEND  SUPPORT  FOR  GRADUATE/PROFESSIONAL 
EDUCATION  AND  TRAINING 

University  of  Delaware,  Newark,  Delaware. 

Cleveland  Museum  of  Art,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

University  of  Denver  (Colorado  Seminary),  Denver,  Colorado. 

The  George  Washington  University,  Washington,  D.C. 

Conservation  Center,  Institute  of  Fine  Arts,  New  York  University,  New  York, 

New  York. 

The  University  of  Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 

New  York  State  Historical  Association,  Cooperstown,  New  York. 


Appendix  3.  National  Museum  Act  Grants  Awarded  I  315 


SEMINAR/WORKSHOP  TRAINING  PROGRAM 

American  Association  for  State  and  Local  History,  Nashville,  Tennessee. 
Museum  of  Afro- American  History,  Roxbury,  Massachusetts. 
Association  of  Science-Technology  Centers,  Washington,  D.C. 
Association  of  Systematics  Collections,  Lawrence,  Kansas. 
American  Association  of  Museums,  Education  Committee,  Washington,  D.C. 
National  Trust  for  Historic  Preservation,  Washington,  D.C. 

Washington   State    University/Washington    Archaeological    Research    Center, 

Pullman,  Washington. 

Brookhaven  National  Laboratory,  Upton,  Long  Island,  New  York. 

Texas  Historical  Foundation,  Austin,  Texas. 

AAM/ICOM,  Washington,  D.C. 

Wyoming  Archives  &  Historical  Department,  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 

ADVANCED  ACADEMIC  DEGREE  PROGRAMS 

University  of  Kansas  Museum  of  Art,  Lawrence,  Kansas. 
International  Museum  of  Photography,  Rochester,  New  York. 
The  Baltimore  Museum  of  Art,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 
The  Hispanic  Society  of  America,  New  York,  New  York. 
The  Solomon  R.  Guggenheim  Museum,  New  York,  New  York. 

STIPEND  SUPPORT  FOR  CONSERVATION 
STUDIES  ABROAD 

The  American  Academy  in  Rome,  New  York,  New  York. 

Isabella  Stewart  Gardner  Museum,  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

George  Washington  University,  Washington,  D.C. 

International  Council  of  Monuments  and  Sites,  Washington,  D.C. 

Foundation  of  American  Institute  for  Conservation,  Washington,  D.C. 

Arts  Alaska,  Inc.,  Anchorage,  Alaska. 

University  of  London,  Institute  of  Archaeology,  London,  England. 


316   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


APPENDIX  4.  Progress    on    Building    Construction,    Restoration, 
and  Renovation 


Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum.  With  the  completion  of  the  basic  structure 
for  the  Exhibit  Design  and  Production  Laboratory  in  1975,  interior  partitioning 
and  painting  were  initiated  and  completed  in  1976. 

Arts  and  Industries  Building.  Phase  I  of  the  major  restoration  work  was  com- 
pleted in  February  1976.  The  first  phase  of  roof  and  window  repairs  was 
initiated  and  completed  during  the  year.  The  second  phase  of  roof  repairs  is 
scheduled  for  this  next  year. 

Bicentennial  Exhibit  Construction.  The  exhibits  "A  Nation  of  Nations,"  "We 
the  People,"  "Centennial  1876,"  and  "Our  Changing  Land,"  were  completed 
and  opened  to  visitors. 

Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies.  The  first  phase  of  a  master 
facilities  plan  concerned  with  the  administrative  core  of  the  center  was  com- 
pleted during  1976. 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  of  Decorative  Arts  and  Design.  Major  renovation 
work  begun  in  1974  will  be  completed  in  the  fall  of  1976. 

History  and  Technology  Building.  Library  to  house  a  rare  book  collection 
completed.  Plans  for  a  sixth-floor  addition  70  percent  completed  during  the 
year,  with  anticipated  final  design  available  during  fiscal  year  1977. 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum.  Construction  completed  and  the  building 
opened  to  the  public  July  1,  1976.  All  major  exhibits,  eating  facilities,  and 
museum  sales  shop  opened  at  that  time. 

National  Zoological  Park.  During  the  fiscal  year  general  improvements  were 
made  for  the  Bicentennial  summer.  Sidewalk  improvements  were  completed 
in  December  and  the  visitors  information  pavilion  was  completed  in  March. 
Renovation  of  the  restaurant  building  and  the  food  kiosk  on  the  panda 
house  roof  was  completed  in  March.  Construction  continued  during  the 
year  on  new  bear  exhibits,  on  a  new  education  and  administration  building, 
and  on  a  new  general  services  and  parking  facility.  Renovation  of  the  elephant 
and  bird  house  yards,  begun  last  fiscal  year,  was  completed. 

Exhibits  plans  and  specifications  are  now  in  progress  for  the  beaver  valley 
area  of  the  Park,  which  will  exhibit  beavers,  otters,  wolves,  seals,  and  sea 
lions.  Preliminary  designs  have  also  begun  for  a  new  ape  house. 

Natural  History  Building.  The  West  Court  facility,  which  includes  public 
cafeteria,  restaurant,  and  museum  sales  shop,  was  opened  during  July  1976. 
Final  acceptance  of  the  Osteology  Laboratory  was  taken  and  construction 
completed  in  August  1976  for  a  greenhouse  in  the  East  Court. 


Appendix  4.  Progress  on  Building  Construction  I   317 


Silver  Hill  Facility.  Flammable  storage  unit  was  installed  and  in-house  planning 
continues  for  the  development  of  a  museum  support  facility  on  a  site  adjacent 
to  Silver  Hill. 

Smithsonian  Tropical  Research  Institute.  Barro  Colorado  Island:  A  new  tram- 
way is  scheduled  for  completion  in  October  1976.  Tivoli  Site:  The  initial 
building  is  two-thirds  renovated  with  the  herbarium  and  laboratory  sections 
already  completed.  The  final  phase  is  scheduled  for  completion  in  early  1977. 
Preliminary  plans  for  a  new  library  to  occupy  part  of  this  4.5-acre  site  have 
also  been  completed. 

South  Garden.  Construction  was  completed  on  the  garden  and  preliminary 
work  proceeded  to  develop  long-range  plan  for  ultimate  use  of  certain  spaces 
within  its  borders. 


318  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


APPENDIX  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  Press, 
July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976 


GENERAL  PUBLICATIONS 

TRADE  PUBLICATIONS 

James  M.  Goode.  The  Outdoor  Sculpture  of  Washington,  D.C.:  A  Comprehen- 
sive Historical  Guide.  526  pages,  455  black-and-white  illustrations.  Revised 
reprint.  December  9,  1975.  Paper:  $8.95. 

Neal  O.  Hines.  Fish  of  Rare  Breeding:  Salmon  and  Trout  of  the  Donaldson 
Strains.  167  pages,  54  black-and-white  illustrations.  July  16,  1976.  $15.00. 

Margaret  Brown  Klapthor.  Official  White  House  China:  1789  to  the  Present. 
283  pages,  81  color  and  83  black-and-white  illustrations.  July  25,  1975.  $15.95. 

Luis  G.  Lumbreras.  The  Peoples  and  Cultures  of  Ancient  Peru.  Translated  by 
Betty  J.  Meggers,  vii  +  248  pages,  372  black-and-white  illustrations.  Reprint. 
April  1,  1976.  Paper:  $8.95. 

Susanne  Steinem  Patch.  Blue  Mystery:  The  Story  of  the  Hope  Diamond.  64 
pages,  4  color  and  24  black-and-white  illustrations.  March  18,  1976.  Paper: 

$3.95. 

Nathan  Reingold,  editor.  The  Papers  of  Joseph  Henry,  Volume  Two:  The 
Princeton  Years,  November  1832-December  1835.  xxxix  +  524  pages,  13 
black-and-white  illustrations,  63  text  figures.  January  15,  1976.  $30.00. 

E.  Richard  Sorenson.  The  Edge  of  the  Forest:  Land,  Childhood  and  Change  in 
a  New  Guinea  Protoagricultural  Society.  278  pages,  151  black-and-white  illus- 
trations. September  22,  1976.  $18.50. 

Joshua  C.  Taylor.  America  as  Art.  xi  +  320  pages,  10  color  and  339  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  September  30,  1976.  $25.00. 

Herman  J.  Viola.  The  Indian  Legacy  of  Charles  Bird  King.  152  pages,  44  color 
and  83  black-and-white  illustrations.  September  30,  1976.  $19.95. 

Egbert  H.  Walker.  Flora  of  Okinawa  and  the  Southern  Ryukyu  Islands  x  + 
1,159  pages,  1  color  and  208  black-and-white  illustrations.  June  30,  1976.  $36.75. 

ANNUAL  REPORTS 

American  Historical  Association.  Annual  Report,  1974.  vii  +  133  pages. 
December  4,  1975.  Paper:  $1.65. 

Smithsonian  Institution.  Smithsonian  Year,  1975.  Annual  Report  of  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution  for  the  Year  Ended  June  30,  1975.  vii  +  590  pages,  148 
black-and-white  illustrations.  January  15,  1975.  Paper:  $8.30. 

.  Statement  hy  the  Secretary.  The  Smithsonian  Institution,  1975.  "Limits 

to  Growth?"  by  S.  Dillon  Ripley,  and  "Financial  Report"  by  T.  Ames  Wheeler. 
67  pages,  9  black-and-white  illustrations.  December  18,  1975. 

Smithsonian  International  Exchange  Service.  1975  Annual  Report.  9  pages. 
August  27,  1976. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  319 


EXHIBITION  CATALOGUES 
Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum 

Blacks  in  the  Westward  Movement,  v  +  57  pages,  54  black-and-white  illustra- 
tions. September  12,  1975. 

John  Robinson:  A  Retrospective.  48  pages,  8  color  and  15  black-and-white 
illustrations.  June  18,  1976.  Paper  $2.25. 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 

Michael  Klein.  John  Covert,  1882-1960.  64  pages,  1  color  and  37  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  September  15,  1976.  Paper:  $3.70. 

Cynthia  Jaffee  McCabe.  The  Golden  Door:  Artist-Immigrants  of  America, 
1876-1976.  432  pages,  39  color  and  243  black-and-white  illustrations.  May  20, 
1976.  Paper:  $10.50. 

Artist,  Authors  and  Others:  Drawings  by  David  Levine.  xii  +  70  pages,  65 
black-and-white  illustrations.  March  4,  1976.  Paper:  $3.95. 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum 

Lynne  C.  Murphy.  Rockets,  Missiles,  and  Spacecraft  of  the  National  Air  and 
Space  Museum,  Smithsonian  Institution.  68  pages,  4  color  and  93  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  May  20,  1976.  Paper:  $1.50. 

Claudia  M.  Oakes,  compiler.  Aircraft  of  the  National  Air  and  Space  Museum, 
Smithsonian  Institution.  132  pages,  273  black-and-white  illustrations.  March 
22,  1976.  Paper:  $2.00. 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

Barbara  S.  Groseclose.  Emanuel  Leutze,  1816-1868:  Freedom  Is  the  Only  King. 
160  pages,  4  color  and  165  black-and-white  illustrations.  January  9,  1976. 
Paper:  $5.10. 

Joshua  C.  Taylor.  America  As  Art.  xi  +  320  pages,  10  color  and  399  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  April  28,  1976.  Paper:  $9.60. 

.  .  .  and  there  was  light:  Studies  by  Abraham  Rattner  for  the  Chicago  Loop 
Synagogue.  32  pages,  1  color  and  32  black-and-white  illustrations.  April  20, 
1976.  Paper:  $1.55. 

Peggy  Bacon:  Personalities  and  Places,  x  +  166  pages,  1  color  and  244  black- 
and-white  illustrations.  December  2,  1975.  Paper:  $6.25. 

National  Portrait  Gallery 

In  the  Minds  and  Hearts  of  the  People:  Five  American  Patriots  and  the  Road 
to  Revolution.  80  pages,  1  color  and  85  black-and-white  illustrations.  Reprint. 
September  1,  1975.  Paper:  $1.90. 

Renwick  Gallery  of  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

Boxes  and  Bowls:  Decorated  Containers  by  Nineteenth  Century  Haida,  Tlingit, 
Bella  Bella,  and  Tsimshian  Indian  Artists.  96  pages.  147  black-and-white 
illustrations.  Reprint.  July  15,  1976.  Paper:  $4.85. 

Craft  Multiples.  64  pages,  132  black-and-white  illustrations.  September  8, 
1975.  Paper:  $4.75. 

The  Designs  of  Raymond  Loewy.  56  pages,  29  black-and-white  illustrations. 
August  30,  1975.  Paper:  $2.50. 


320  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Smithsonian  Institution  and  the 
National  Capital  Planning  Commission 

Frederick  Gutheim  and  Wilcomb  E.  Washburn.  The  Federal  City:  Plans  and 
Realities.  170  pages,  86  black-and-white  illustrations.  February  21,  1976. 
Paper:  $3.00. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 

Carolyn  Bryant.  And  the  Band  Played  On:  1776-1976.  54  pages,  1  color  and 
50  black-and-white  illustrations.  November  10,  1975.  Paper:  $1.60. 

Susan  Detweiler.  American  Presidential  China.  96  pages,  16  color  and  51 
black-and-white  illustrations.  December  4,  1975. 

Jane  Farmer,  organizer.  American  Prints  from  Wood.  64  pages,  124  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  October  17,  1975. 

Judith  O'Sullivan  and  Rosemary  Gallick.  Workers  and  Allies:  Female  Partici- 
pation in  the  American  Trade  Union  Movement.  96  pages,  64  black-and-white 
illustrations.  January  15,  1976. 

David  Sellin.  American  Art  in  the  Making:  Preparatory  Studies  for  Master- 
pieces of  American  Art,  1800-1900.  95  pages,  131  black-and-white  illustrations. 
January  21,  1976. 

WPA/FAP  Graphics.  23  pages,  11  black-and-white  illustrations.  March  15, 
1976. 

EXHIBITION  CHECKLISTS 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

[Robin  Bolton-Smith.]  Portrait  Miniatures  from  Private  Collections.  16  pages, 
11  black-and-white  illustrations.  September  15,  1976. 

[Janet  A.  Flint.]  George  Miller  and  American  Lithography.  20  pages,  2  black- 
and-white  illustrations.  March  25,  1976. 

.  Louis  Lozowick:  Drawings  and  Lithographs.  12  pages,  6  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  October  22,  1975. 

[Barbara  J.  Groseclose.]  Emanuel  Leutze,  1816-1868:  Freedom  Is  the  Only 
King.  8  pages,  1  black-and-white  illustration.  January  7,  1976. 

[Susan  Hobbs.]  1876:  American  Art  of  the  Centennial.  32  pages,  9  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  June  25,  1976.  Paper:  $1.75. 

Joshua  C.  Taylor.  America  As  Art.  48  pages,  10  black-and-white  illustrations. 
May  28,  1976.  Paper:  $1.25. 

Sculpture:  American  Directions,  1945-1975.  8  pages.  October  2,  1976. 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 

What's  in  a  Map?  10  pages,  8  black-and-white  illustrations.  Reprint.  Septem- 
ber 9,  1976. 

Peter  Marzio.  Mr.  Audubon  and  Mr.  Bien:  An  Early  Phase  in  the  History  of 
American  Chromolithography.  11  pages,  1  color  and  1  black-and-white  illus- 
tration. Reprint.  November  15,  1975. 

BOOKS 

Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum 

Zora  Martin-Felton.  A  Walk  Through  "Old"  Anacostia.  iv  +  44  pages,  34 
black-and-white  illustrations.  May  1,  1976. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  321 


National  Museum  of  Natural  History 

J.  Meester  and  H.  W.  Setzer,  editors.  The  Mammals  of  Africa:  An  Identifica- 
tion Manual.  Fascicle  IV  of  V.  Parts  1.1,  6.1-6.7,  6.9,  and  8.1.  Looseleaf  inserts. 
December  10,  1975.  Paper:  $5.00. 

United  States  National  Entomological  Collections.  47  pages,  6  black-and-white 
illustrations.  August  9,  1976. 

National  Portrait  Gallery 

Permanent  Collection  Checklist.  72  pages,  8  color  illustrations.  Revised  re- 
print. September  15,  1975.  Paper:  $2.15. 

National  Trust  for  Historic  Preservation 

Preservation  and  Conservation:  Principles  and  Practices,  1972.  xxi  +  547 
pages,  71  black-and-white  illustrations.  February  12,  1976.  $15.00. 

Office  of  Museum  Programs 

C.  G.  Screven.  The  Measurement  and  Facilitation  of  Learning  in  the  Museum 
Environment:  An  Experimental  Analysis.  91  pages,  26  black-and-white  illustra- 
tions. February  5,  1976.  Paper:  $5.40. 

Office  of  Public  Affairs 

The  Smithsonian  Institution.  54  pages,  22  black-and-white  illustrations.  August 
9,  1976. 

BOOKLETS 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

Education  Programs.  18  pages,  6  black-and-white  illustrations.  December  17, 
1975. 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 

The  First  Ladies  Hall.  24  pages,  8  color  and  48  black-and-white  illustrations. 
Revised  reprint.  July  14,  1976.  Paper:  $2.50. 

Office  of  Museum  Programs 

National  Museum  Act  Guidelines  for  1976  Grant  Programs.  31  pages.  August 
29,  1975. 

National  Museum  Act  Guidelines  for  1977  Grant  Programs.  31  pages.  Reprint. 
September  23,  1976. 

Office  of  Public  Affairs 

Smithsonian  Institution.  20  pages,  6  black-and-white  illustrations,  1  map. 
May  20,  1976. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 

Eugene  Ostroff.  Photographing  the  Frontier.  32  pages,  29  black-and-white 
illustrations.  July  1,  1976. 

FOLDERS 

Bicentennial  Coordinator's  Office 

Floor  Plans  for  Smithsonian  Institution  Buildings  (in  French,  German,  Japanese, 
and  Spanish).  May  28,  1976. 


322   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies 

Animal  Adaptations:   Insects   and  Spiders,   17   black-and-white    illustrations. 
Reprint.  September  1,  1975. 

Community  Comparison:  Forest  and  Old  Field.  10  black-and-white  illustra- 
tions. Reprint.  September  1,  1975. 

Estuary  Chesapeake.  12  black-and-white  illustrations.  February  16,  1976. 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden,  Smithsonian  Institution.  6  black- 
and-white  illustrations.  Reprint.  January  6,  1976. 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum 

Inaugural  Ceremony  Spacearium  Program.  July  12,  1976. 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum.   5   black-and-white   illustrations.    June   15, 
1976. 

Ribbon  Cutting  Ceremony  Program.  1  black-and-white  illustration.  June  30, 
1976. 

"Sirius"  Program.  1  black-and-white  illustration.  July  14,  1976. 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts:  A  Museum  of  American  Art.  10  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  Revised  reprint.  June  14,  1976. 

The  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts,  Smithsonian  Institution.  6  black-and- 
white  illustrations,  1  map.  Reprint.  June  7,  1976. 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 

The  Musical  Instrument  Collection   of  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  5  black- 
and-white  illustrations.  December  19,  1975. 

National  Museum  of  Natural  History 

National  Museum  of  Natural  History.  Revised  reprint.  August  27,  1976. 

Selected  Photographs  Illustrating  North  American  Indian  Life.  September  19, 
1975. 

National  Portrait  Gallery 

Abroad  in  America:  Pavel  Svin'in.  11  black-and-white  illustrations.  September 
20,  1976. 

Abroad  in  America:  Charles  Dickens.  11  black-and-white  illustrations.   Sep- 
tember 20,  1976. 

Abroad  in  America:  Fredrika  Bremer.  11  black-and-white  illustrations.   Sep- 
tember 20,  1976. 

Abroad    in    America:    Henryk   Sienkiewicz.    11    black-and-white    illustrations. 
September  20,  1976. 

Abroad  in  America:  Bjornstjerne  Bjornson.  11  black-and-white  illustrations. 
September  20,  1976. 

National  Zoological  Park 
Tiger.  May  25,  1976. 
Zoo  Jobs.  June  31,  1976. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  323 


Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education 

Let's  Go  to  the  Smithsonian:  Bulletins  for  Schools.  September  1975  through 
Spring/Summer  1976. 

Smithsonian  Intern  '76.  January  31,  1976. 

Office  of  Museum  Programs 

Smithsonian    Institution    Workshop   Series,   Office    of   Museum    Programs.    1 
black-and-white  illustration.  January  20,  1976. 

Renwick  Gallery  of  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

Paintings  in  the  Grand  Salon  and  Octagon  Room.  1  black-and-white  illustra- 
tion. Reprint.  May  7,  1976. 

Renwick  Gallery  of  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts.  Reprint.  March  22, 
1976. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 

American  Agriculture:  A  Continuing  Revolution.  9  black-and-white  illustra- 
tions. December  30,  1975. 

Inaugural  Story:  From  George  Washington  to  Gerald  Ford.  2  black-and-white 
illustrations.  August  10,  1975. 

Smithsonian  Tropical  Research  Institute 

Communicado  Sobre  Oportunidades  en  STRI.  June  7,  1976. 

Research  Opportunities  at  STRI.  11  black-and-white  illustrations.   April  15, 
1976. 

PORTFOLIOS 

Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education 

Let's  Go  to  the  Smithsonian:  Learning  Opportunities  for  Schools,   1975.  19 
pages,  28  black-and-white  illustrations.  September  1,  1975. 

Let's  Go  to  the  Smithsonian:  Learning  Opportunities  for  Schools,  1976.  28 
pages,  30  black-and-white  illustrations.  September  1,  1976. 

POSTERS 

Anacostia  Neighborhood  Museum 
Blacks  in  the  Westward  Movement.  September  1, 1975. 
Black  Women.  February  9,  1976. 

Office  of  Academic  Studies 

Programs  in  Higher  Learning  and  Research  Training — 2977 — in  Anthropology. 
July  28,  1976. 

Programs    in   Higher   Learning    and   Research    Training — 2977 — in    Biological 
Sciences.  July  28,  1976. 

Programs  in  Higher  Learning  and  Research  Training — 2977 — in  Earth  Sciences. 
July  28,  1976. 

Programs   in  Higher   Learning  and  Research    Training — 2977 — in   History   of 
Art.  July  28,  1976. 


324   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Programs  in  Higher  Learning  and  Research   Training — 2977 — in    History   of 
Science  and  Technology.  July  28,  1976. 

Programs  in  Higher  Learning  and  Research  Training — 2977 — in  American  and 
Cultural  History.  July  28,  1976. 

Office  of  International  and  Environmental  Programs 

There  Are  Opportunities  Overseas  through  the  Smithsonian-Peace  Corps  En- 
vironmental Program.  December  11,  1975. 

Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service 

Larry  Rosenblatt.  The  Frederick  Douglass  Years.  14  black-and-white  illustra- 
tions. August  11,  1976. 

American  Eagle:  Symbol  for  Survival.  1  color  illustration.  September  20,  1976. 

Bridges:  Spans  of  North  America.  3  black-and-white  illustrations.  August  11, 
1976. 

In  Quest  of  Cockaboody.  12  black-and-white  illustrations.  May  3,  1976. 

Man  in  His  Environment.  7  black-and-white  illustrations.  March  2,  1976. 

Romaine  Brooks,  "Thief  of  Souls."  24  black-and-white  illustrations.  Novem- 
ber 12,  1975. 

The  Tallgrass  Prairie:  An  American  Landscape.  August  13,  1976. 
SHOWCARDS 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 
American  Kaleidoscope  '76.  May  22,  1976. 
INVITATIONS 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 
Artists,  Authors,  and  Others:  Drawings  by  David  Levine.  February  11,  1976. 
The  Sculpture  and  Drawings  of  Elie  Nadelman.  November  28,  1975. 
Hans  Hofmann.  September  22,  1976. 
John  Covert.  September  1,  1976. 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum 
Inaugural  Ceremony,  Spacearium.  June  1,  1976. 
Ribbon  Cutting  Ceremony.  May  20,  1976. 
Sea-Air  Operations  Hall  Opening.  April  1,  1976. 
July  1  Dinner.  April  5,  1976. 
July  1  Preview.  April  5,  1976. 
July  2  Dinner.  April  5,  1976. 
July  2  Preview.  April  5,  1976. 
"Sirius."  June  18,  1976. 

Staff  Open  House  and  Preview.  April  5,  1976. 
"To  Ply"  I.  April  30,  1976. 
"To  Ply"  II.  April  30,  1976. 
"To  Ply"  III.  April  30,  1976. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  325 


National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

America  As  Art.  July  26,  1976. 

.  .  .  and  there  was  light:  Studies  by  Abraham  Rattner  for  the  Chicago  Loop 
Synagogue.  January  5,  1976. 

Christmas  Seal  Paintings,  1975.  October  13,  1975. 

Emanuel  Leutze:  1816-1868;  Freedom  Is  the  Only  King.  December  22,1975. 

Peggy  Bacon:  Personalities  and  Places.  November  10,  1975. 

Robert  Rauschenberg  (Opening).  September  22,  1976. 

Sculpture:  American  Directions,  1945-1975.  August  25,  1975. 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 
Anatomical  Drawings  by  Leonardo  da  Vinci.  June  8,  1976. 
Belgian  Cunmaking  and  American  History.  September  14,  1976. 

Renwick  Gallery  of  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 
Americas:  The  Decorative  Arts  of  Latin  America.  July  26,  1976. 
Craft  Multiples.  July  3,  1975. 
The  Designs  of  Raymond  Loewy.  July  8,  1975. 
Signs  of  Life:  Symbols  in  the  American  City.  January  22,  1976. 

FLYERS 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum 

The  Planets:  Holiday  Lecture  Series  for  High  School  Students.  5  black-and- 
white  illustrations.  December  5,  1975. 

A  Tribute  to  Robert  H.  Goddard.  1  black-and-white  illustration.  February  25, 
1976. 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

America  As  Art  (In  French,  German,  Japanese,  and  Spanish).  June  2,  1976. 

Coleccion  Nacional  de  Bellas  Artes.  August  16,  1976. 

Masters  of  the  Early  Republic:  The  Art  of  an  Emergent  Nation.  February  23, 
1976. 

Research  Institute  on  Immigration  and  Ethnic  Studies 

Smithsonian  Institution  Research  Institute  on  Immigration  and  Ethnic  Studies. 
August  16,  1976. 

Renwick  Gallery  of  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

Caleria  Renwick  de  la  Coleccion  Nacional  de  Bellas  Artes.  September  17,  1976. 

Signs  of  Life:  Symbols  in  the  American  City  (In  French,  German,  Japanese, 
and  Spanish).  June  2,  1976. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

With  the  Compliments  of  the  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts.  Slip.  Septem- 
ber 1,  1975. 


326   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


National  Portrait  Gallery 

"The  Dye  Is  Now  Cast."  Education  Package.  143  pages,  20  color  slides  and  27 
black-and-white  illustrations.  September  15,  1975. 

Office  of  Elementary  and  Secondary  Education 

Art  to  Zoo  #1.  Newsletter.  4  pages,  11  black-and-white  illustrations.  March 
1,  1976. 

Art  to  Zoo  #2.  Newsletter.  4  pages,  13  black-and-white  illustrations.  May  1, 
1976. 

Office  of  Protection  Services 
Investigator,  Supervisor,  and  Detective  badges.  August  25,  1976. 

Office  of  Plant  Services 
Smithsonian  Institution  Directory,  Telephone  Directory.  January  5,  1976. 


SERIES  PUBLICATIONS 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  ANTHROPOLOGY 

19.  Robert  M.  Laughlin.  "The  Great  Tzotzil  Dictionary  of  San  Lorenzo  Zina- 
cantan."  xiv  +  598  pages,  5  figures,  6  tables,  5  maps.  December  17,  1975. 

22.  Robert  M.  Laughlin.  "Of  Wonders  Wild  and  New:  Dreams  from  Zina- 
cantan."  xii  +  178  pages,  14  figures  and  frontispiece.  August  9,  1975. 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  BOTANY 

21.  F.  Raymond  Fosberg  and  Marie-Helen  Sachet.  "Polynesian  Plant  Studies 
1-5."  iv  +  25  pages.  July  21,  1975. 

23.  Marie-Helene  Sachet.  "Flora  of  the  Marquesas,  1:  Ericaceae-Convulvul- 
aceae."  iv  +  34  pages,  1  figure.  October  2,  1975. 

24.  F.  Raymond  Fosberg  and  Marie-Helene  Sachet.  "Flora  of  Micronesia,  2: 
Casuarinaceae,  Piperaceae,  and  Myricaceae."  iv  +  28  pages,  1  figure.  Septem- 
ber 18,  1975. 

25.  Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr.  "A  Revision  of  the  Lichen  Genus  Hypotrachyna 
(Parmeliaceae)  in  Tropical  America."  iv  +  73  pages,  20  figures.  August  13, 
1975. 

26.  Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr.  "A  Monograph  of  the  Lichen  Genus  Relicina  (Par- 
meliaceae)." iv  +  32  pages,  16  figures.  August  13,  1975. 

27.  Harold  Robinson.  "The  Mosses  of  Juan  Fernandez  Islands."  iv  +  88 
pages.  December  1,  1975. 

28.  Richard  S.  Cowan.  "A  Monograph  of  the  Genus  Eperua  (Leguminosae: 
Caesalpinioideae)."  iv  +  45  pages,  13  figures,  2  tables.  September  4,  1975. 

29.  Laurence  E.  Skog.  "A  Study  of  the  Tribe  Gesnerieae,  with  a  Revision  of 
Cesneria  (Gesneriaceae:  Gesnerioideae)."  iv  +  182  pages,  86  figures,  9  tables. 
May  3,  1976. 

30.  Lyman  B.  Smith  and  Edward  S.  Ayensu.  "A  Revision  of  American 
Velloziaceae."  vii  +  172  pages,  53  figures  and  frontispiece,  37  plates.  August  3, 
1976. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  327 


31.  Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr.  "A  Monograph  of  the  Lichen  Genus  Pseudoparmelia 
Lynge  (Parmeliaceae)."  iv  +  62  pages,  18  figures.  September  3,  1976. 

32.  Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr.  "A  Monograph  of  the  Lichen  Genus  Bulbothrix  Hale 
(Parmeliaceae)."  iv  -f  29  pages,  7  figures.  August  31,  1976. 

34.  James  N.  Norris  and  Katina  E.  Bucher.  "New  Records  of  Marine  Algae 
from  the  1974  R/V  Dolphin  Cruise  to  the  Gulf  of  California."  iv  -f  22  pages, 
13  figures.  September  28,  1976. 

35.  Michael  J.  Wynne  and  James  N.  Norris.  "The  Genus  Colpomenia 
Derbes  et  Solier  (Phaeophyta)  in  the  Gulf  of  California."  iv  +  18  pages,  11 
figures.  September  9,  1976. 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  EARTH  SCIENCES 

14.  George  S.  Switzer,  editor.  "Mineral  Science  Investigations:  1972-1973." 
iv  +  88  pages,  29  figures  and  frontispiece.  July  2,  1975. 

16.  Andres  Maldonado  and  Daniel  Jean  Stanley.  "Late  Quaternary  Sedimen- 
tation and  Stratigraphy  in  the  Strait  of  Sicily."  iv  +  73  pages,  39  figures  and 
frontispiece,  5  tables.  August  3,  1976. 

17.  R.  O.  Chalmers,  E.  P.  Henderson,  and  Brian  Mason.  "Occurrence,  Dis- 
tribution, and  Age  of  Australian  Tektites."  iv  -f-  46  pages,  17  figures,  10  tables. 
September  9,  1976. 

20.  Daniel  Jean  Stanley,  Henry  Got,  Neil  H.  Kenyon,  Andre  Monaco,  and 
Yehezkiel  Weiler.  "Catalonian,  Eastern  Betic,  and  Balearic  Margins:  Structural 
Types  and  Geologically  Recent  Foundering  of  the  Western  Mediterranean 
Basin."  iv  +  67  pages,  33  figures.  September  20,  1976. 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  PALEOBIOLOGY 

19.  G.  Arthur  Cooper  and  Richard  E.  Grant.  "Permian  Brachiopods  of  West 
Texas,  III  (Part  1,  Text;  Part  2,  Plates)."  Part  1:  x  +  503  pages.  Part  2:  viii 
+  621  pages,  310  plates.  December  29,  1975. 

21.  G.  Arthur  Cooper  and  Richard  E.  Grant.  "Permian  Brachiopods  of  West 
Texas,  IV  (Part  1,  Text;  Part  2,  Plates)."  Part  1:  viii  +  362  pages.  Part  2:  vi 
+  319  pages,  159  plates.  February  12,  1976. 

25.  Robert  J.  Emery.  "Revised  Tertiary  Stratigraphy  and  Paleontology  of  the 
Western  Beaver  Divide,  Fremont  County,  Wyoming."  iv  +  20  pages,  6  figures. 
October  23,  1975. 

26.  C.  Lewis  Gazin.  "Mammalian  Faunal  Zones  of  the  Bridger  Middle 
Eocene."  iv  +  25  pages.  January  20,  1976. 

27.  Storrs  L.  Olson,  editor.  "Collected  Papers  in  Avian  Paleontology  Honoring 
the  90th  Birthday  of  Alexander  Wetmore."  x  -f-  211  pages,  91  figures,  1  plate, 
38  tables.  May  21,  1976. 

28.  Clayton  E.  Ray  "Phoca  wymani  and  Other  Tertiary  Seals  (Mammalia: 
Phocidae)  Described  from  the  Eastern  Seaboard  of  North  America."  iv  +  36 
pages,  3  figures,  11  plates.  May  14,  1976. 

29.  Alan  H.  Cheetham  and  Douglas  M.  Lorenz.  "A  Vector  Approach  to  Size 
and  Shape  Comparisons  among  Zooids  in  Cheilostome  Bryozoans."  iv  +  55 
pages,  37  figures,  19  tables.  July  8,  1976. 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  ZOOLOGY 

163.  Louis  S.  Kornicker.  "Antarctic  Ostracoda  (Myodocopina)."  [In  Two 
Parts]  Part  1:  vii  -\-  374  pages,  240  figures,  22  tables.  Part  2:  vi  +  356  pages, 
192  figures,  9  plates.  September  8,  1975. 


328  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


170.  Lion  S.  Gardiner.  "The  Systematics,  Postmarsupial  Development,  and 
Ecology  of  the  Deep-Sea  Family  Neotanaidae  (Crustacea:  Tanaidacea)."  iv  -f- 
265  pages,  103  figures,  20  tables.  November  18,  1975. 

176.  Jeffrey  B.  Graham,  editor.  "The  Biological  Investigation  of  Malpelo 
Island,  Colombia."  iv  -f-  98  pages,  35  figures,  8  tables.  July  18,  1975. 

185.  Harold  Robinson.  "Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian  Biological  Survey  of 
Dominica:  The  Family  Dolichopodidae  with  Some  Related  Antillean  and 
Panamanian  Species  (Diptera)."  iv  +  141  pages,  231  figures.  September  10, 
1976. 

188.  Donald  R.  Davis.  "A  Review  of  the  West  Indian  Moths  of  the  Family 
Psychidae  with  Descriptions  of  New  Taxa  and  Immature  Stages."  iv  -f-  66 
pages,  206  figures,  5  tables.  July  21,  1975. 

192.  Donald  R.  Davis.  "A  Review  of  Ochsenheimeriidae  and  the  Introduction 
of  the  Cereal  Stem  Moth  Ochsenheimeria  vacculella  into  the  United  States 
(Lepidoptera:  Tineoidea)."  iv  -f-  20  pages,  31  figures,  2  maps.  July  2,  1975. 

193.  Paul  D.  Hurd,  Jr.,  and  E.  Gorton  Linsley.  "The  Principal  Larrea  Bees  of 
the  Southwestern  United  States  (Hymenoptera:  Apoidea)."  iv  -+-  74  pages,  18 
figures,  15  tables.  July  2,  1975. 

195.  Louis  S.  Kornicker  and  Martin  V.  Angel.  "Morphology  and  Ontogeny 
of  Bathyconchoecia  septemspinosa  Angel,  1970  (Ostracoda:  Halocyprididae)." 
iv  +  21  pages,  14  figures,  2  tables.  August  31,  1975. 

197.  Louis  S.  Kornicker.  "Ivory  Coast  Ostracoda  (Suborder  Myodocopina)." 
iv  +  46  pages,  32  figures,  3  tables.  September  4,  1975. 

199.  W.  Ronald  Heyer.  "A  Preliminary  Analysis  of  the  Intergeneric  Relation- 
ships of  the  Frog  Family  Leptodactylidae."  iv  +  55  pages,  16  figures,  41  tables. 
July  2,  1975. 

201.  Horton  H.  Hobbs.  "New  Crayfishes  (Decapoda:  Cambaridae)  from  the 
Southern  United  States  and  Mexico."  iv  +  34  pages,  8  figures.  July  28,  1975. 

202.  Arthur  G.  Humes.  "Cyclopoid  Copepods  (Nanaspididae  and  Sabelliphili- 
dae)  Associated  with  Holothurians  in  New  Caledonia."  iv  +  41  pages,  24 
figures.  August  12,  1975. 

203.  Harald  A.  Rehder  and  Barry  R.  Wilson.  "New  Species  of  Marine  Mol- 
lusks  from  Pitcairn  Island  and  the  Marquesas."  iv  +  16  pages,  10  figures  and 
frontispiece,  1  table.  December  19,  1975. 

204.  Anne  C.  Cohen  and  Louis  S.  Kornicker.  "Taxonomic  Indexes  to  Ostra- 
coda (Suborder  Myodocopina)  in  Skogsberg  (1920)  and  Poulsen  (1962,  1965)." 
iv  +  29  pages,  2  tables.  September  9,  1975. 

205.  William  G.  Eberhard.  "The  Ecology  and  Behavior  of  a  Subsocial  Penta- 
tomid  Bug  and  Two  Scelionid  Wasps:  Strategy  and  Counterstrategy  in  a  Host 
and  Its  Parasites."  iv  -f  39  pages,  13  figures,  24  tables.  November  24,  1975. 

206.  Porter  M.  Kier.  "The  Echinoids  of  Carrie  Bow  Cay,  Belize."  iv  +  45 
pages,  12  plates.  July  31,  1975. 

207.  James  G.  Mead.  "Anatomy  of  the  External  Nasal  Passages  and  Facial 
Complex  in  the  Delphinidae  (Mammalia:  Cetacea)."  iv  +  72  pages,  3  tables. 
November  18,  1975. 

208.  Terry  L.  Erwin.  "Studies  of  the  Subtribe  Tachyina  (Coleoptera:  Carabi- 
dae:  Bembidiini),  Part  III:  Systematics,  Phylogeny,  and  Zoogeography  of  the 
Genus  Tachyta  Kirby."  iv  +  68  pages,  175  figures,  2  tables.  November  18, 
1975. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  329 


209.  Clyde  F.  E.  Roper  and  Richard  E.  Young.  "Vertical  Distribution  of 
Pelagic  Cephalopods."  iv  +  51  pages,  31  figures.  September  12,  1975. 

210.  Donald  R.  Davis.  "Systematics  and  Zoogeography  of  the  Family  Neo- 
pseustidae  with  the  Proposal  of  a  New  Superfamily  (Lepidoptera:  Neopseus- 
toidea)."  iv  +  45  pages,  98  figures,  1  table.  September  2,  1975. 

211.  Richard  W.  Baumann.  "Revision  of  the  Stonefly  Family  Nemouridae 
(Plecoptera) :  A  Study  of  the  World  Fauna  at  the  Generic  Level."  iv  -f  74  pages, 
186  figures,  1  table.  December  1,  1975. 

212.  Paul  Slud.  "Geographic  and  Climatic  Relationships  of  Avifaunas  with 
Special  Reference  to  Comparative  Distribution  in  the  Neotropics."  iv  +  149 
pages,  37  figures,  11  tables.  February  10,  1976. 

213.  John  F.  Eisenberg.  "Communication  Mechanisms  and  Social  Integration 
in  the  Black  Spider  Monkey,  Ateles  fusiceps  robustus,  and  Related  Species." 
iv  +  108  pages,  63  figures,  40  tables.  February  10,  1976. 

214.  Louis  S.  Kornicker.  "Myodocopid  Ostracoda  from  Southern  Africa." 
iv  +  39  pages,  24  figures.  January  15,  1976. 

215.  Robert  E.  Dietz  IV,  and  W.  Donald  Duckworth.  "A  Review  of  the 
Genus  Horama  Hiibner  and  Reestablishment  of  the  Genus  Poliopastea  Hamp- 
son  (Lepidoptera:  Ctenuchidae)."  iv  +  53  pages,  3  plates,  29  figures,  4  maps. 
February  10,  1976. 

216.  Victor  G.  Springer  and  Warren  C.  Freihofer.  "Study  of  the  Monotypic 
Fish  Family  Pholidichthyidae  (Perciformes)."  iv  -f  43  pages,  23  figures  and 
frontispiece.  February  10,  1976. 

217.  Arthur  G.  Humes.  "Cyclopoid  Copepods  Associated  with  Asteroid 
Echinoderms  in  New  Caledonia."  iv  +  19  pages,  9  figures,  1  table.  January  15, 
1976. 

218.  Michael  H.  Robinson  and  Barbara  Robinson.  "The  Ecology  and  Be- 
havior of  Nephila  maculata:  A  Supplement."  iv  +  22  pages,  9  figures,  1  table. 
March  25,  1976. 

220.  Paul  D.  Hurd,  Jr.,  and  E.  Gordon  Linsley.  "The  Bee  Family  Oxaeidae 
with  a  Revision  of  the  North  American  Species  (Hymenoptera:  Apoidea)." 
iv  +  75  pages,  68  figures,  3  plates,  2  tables.  June  25,  1976. 

222.  Fenner  A.  Chace,  Jr.  "Shrimps  of  the  Pasiphaeid  Genus  Leptochela 
with  Descriptions  of  Three  New  Species  (Crustacea:  Decapoda:  Caridea)." 
iv  +  51  pages,  37  figures.  April  22,  1976. 

223.  Louis  S.  Kornicker,  Sheldon  Wirsing,  and  Maura  McManus.  "Biological 
Studies  of  the  Bermuda  Ocean  Acre:  Planktonic  Ostracoda."  iv  +  34  pages, 
20  figures,  9  tables.  June  21,  1976. 

224.  Raymond  W.  Bouchard  and  Horton  H.  Hobbs,  Jr.  "A  New  Subgenus 
and  Two  New  Species  of  Crayfishes  of  the  Genus  Cambarus  (Decapoda: 
Cambaridae)  from  the  Southeastern  United  States."  ii  +  15  pages,  3  figures. 
July  6,  1976. 

225.  Louis  S.  Kornicker  and  F.  P.  C.  M.  van  Morkhoven.  " Met apoly cope,  a 
New  Genus  of  Bathyl  Ostracoda  from  the  Atlantic  (Suborder  Cladocopina)." 
iv  +  29  pages,  24  figures.  July  6,  1976. 

229.  Marian  H.  Pettibone.  "Revision  of  the  Genus  Macellicaphala  Mcintosh 
and  the  Subfamily  Macellicephalinae  Hartmann-Schroder  (Polychaeta:  Poly- 
noidae)."  iv  +  71  pages,  36  figures.  September  29,  1976. 


330  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


230.  Marian  H.  Pettibone.  "Contributions  to  the  Polychaete  Family  Trocho- 
chaetidae  Pettibone."  iv  +  21  pages,  10  figures.  September  1,  1976. 

231.  Louis  S.  Kornicker.  "Benthic  Marine  Cyprinidacea  from  Hawaii  (Ostra- 
coda)."  iv  -f  24  pages,  19  figures.  September  1,  1976. 

233.  W.  Ronald  Heyer  and  David  S.  Liem.  "Analysis  of  the  Intergeneric 
Relationships  of  the  Australian  Frog  Family  Myobatrachidae."  iv  +  29  pages, 
28  figures,  2  tables.  September  9,  1976. 

234.  Victor  G.  Springer  and  Thomas  H.  Fraser.  "Synonymy  of  the  Fish 
Families  Cheilobranchidae  (=Alabetidae)  and  Gobiesocidae,  with  Descriptions 
of  Two  New  Species  of  Alabes."  iv  +  23  pages,  14  figures,  3  tables.  September 
13,  1976. 

236.  James  F.  McKinney  and  Victor  G.  Springer.  "Four  New  Species  of  the 
Fish  Genus  Ecsenius  with  Notes  on  Other  Species  of  the  Genus  (Blenniidae: 
Salariini)."  iv  +  27  pages,  11  figures,  12  tables.  September  28,  1976. 

SMITHSONIAN  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  HISTORY  AND 
TECHNOLOGY 

23.  Cora  Lee  C.  Gillilland.  "The  Stone  Money  of  Yap:  A  Numismatic  Sur- 
vey." iv  -\-  75  pages,  33  figures,  1  graph,  1  table.  October  23,  1975. 

30.  Edgar  M.  Howell.  "United  States  Army  Headgear  1855-1902:  Catalog 
of  United  States  Army  Uniforms  in  the  Collections  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution, II."  vi  +  109  pages,  63  figures.  December  29,  1975. 

31.  Audrey  B.  Davis  and  Uta  C.  Merzbach.  "Early  Auditory  Studies:  Activi- 
ties in  the  Psychology  Laboratories  of  American  Universities."  vi  +  39  pages, 
36  figures.  November  10,  1975. 

32.  Arthur  H.  Frazier.  "Joseph  Saxton  and  His  Contributions  to  the  Medal 
Ruling  and  Photographic  Arts."  iv  -(-  17  pages,  13  figures.  November  10,  1975. 

33.  Jon  Eklund.  "The  Incompleat  Chymist:  Being  an  Essay  on  the  Eighteenth- 
Century  Chemist  in  His  Laboratory,  with  a  Dictionary  of  Obsolete  Chemical 
Terms  of  the  Period."  ii  -f-  49  pages,  4  figures.  December  8,  1975. 

35.  Eugene  Enrico.  "The  Orchestra  at  San  Petronio  in  the  Baroque  Era."  iv 
+  64  pages,  33  figures,  13  tables.  August  20,  1976. 

ATOLL  RESEARCH  BULLETINS 
187-189.     In  one  volume,  as  follows.  August  6,  1975. 

187.  Walter  H.  Adey.  "The  Algal  Ridges  and  Coral  Reefs  of  St.  Croix:  Their 
Structure  and  Holocene  Development."  ii  +  67  pages,  45  figures. 

188.  W.  G.  D'Arcy.  "Anegada  Island:  Vegetation  and  Flora."  ii  +  40  pages, 
1  figure. 

189.  Mac  Marshall.  "The  Natural  History  of  Namoluk  Atoll,  Eastern  Caroline 
Islands."  With  identifications  of  vascular  flora  by  E.  R.  Fosberg.  ii  +  64  pages, 
9  plates,  2  tables. 

190.  D.  R.  Stoddart  and  P.  E.  Gibbs,  editors.  "Almost-Atoll  of  Aitutaki:  Reef 
Studies  in  the  Cook  Islands,  South  Pacific."  vii  +  158  pages,  38  figures  and 
frontispiece,  39  plates,  1  map.  August  13,  1975. 

191.  William  T.  Gillis,  Roger  Byrne,  and  Wymann  Harrison.  "Bibliography 
of  the  Natural  History  of  the  Bahama  Islands."  vi  +  123  pages,  1  figure. 
August  20,  1975. 


Appendix  5.  Publications  of  the  Smithsonian  Press  I  331 


APPENDIX  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  and  Its  Subsidiaries,  July  1, 1975, 
through  September  30,  1976 

Publications  are  by  staff  members  unless  otherwise  noted. 


SPECIAL  PROJECTS,  OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 

Goode,  James  M.  "Epilogue:  The  Arts  and  Industries  Building." 

In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  edited  by  Robert  C.  Post.  Washington, 
D.C. :  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  Smithsonian  Institution, 
1976. 

.  [Review]  "The  Gothic  Revival  in  America,"  catalogue  and  exhibition, 

Houston  Museum  of  Art,  1976.  Nineteenth  Century  Magazine,  Summer  1976. 
'Lost    Georgetown."   In   Washington   Antique   Show    Catalog,   1976, 


Washington  Chapter,  Junior  League. 

"The   Riggs  Mansion:   A   Washington   Banker's   House."   Nineteenth 


Century  Magazine  (The  Victorian  Society  in  America),  Winter  1975. 

'A  View  of  the  Castle."  Museum  News   (Association  of  American 


Museums),  July-August  1976. 

SCIENCE 

CENTER  FOR  THE  STUDY  OF  MAN 

Scherer,  Joanna  Cohan.  "Pictures  as  Documents:  Resources  for  the  Study  of 
North  American  Ethnohistory."  In  Studies  in  the  Anthropology  of  Visual 
Communication,  volume  2,  number  2  (Fall  1975),  pages  65-66. 

.  "You  Can't  Believe  Your  Eyes:  Inaccuracies  in  Photographs  of  North 

American  Indians."  In  Studies  in  the  Anthropology  of  Visual  Communica- 
tion, volume  2,  number  2  (Fall  1975),  pages  67-79. 

Stanley,  Sam.  "The  Panajachel  Symposium"  with  CAi^  comment.  Current 
Anthropology,  volume  16,  number  4  (December  1975),  pages  518-540. 

National  Anthropological  Film  Center 

Sorenson,  E.  Richard.  "Culture  and  the  Expression  of  Emotion."  In  Psychologi- 
cal Anthropology,  edited  by  Thomas  R.  Williams.  Mouton:  The  Hague,  1975. 

.    "Visual    Evidence:    An    Emerging    Force    in    Visual    Anthropology." 

Occasional  Papers  of  the  National  Anthropological  Film  Center,  number  1 
(December  1975). 

"Phenomenological    Inquiry    in    Ethnobotanical    Studies."    In    Drugs, 


Rituals,  and  Altered  States  of  Consciousness,  edited  by  Brian  M.  Du  Toit. 
Rotterdam:  A.  A.  Balkema,  1976. 

The  Edge  of  the  Forest:   Land,   Childhood,  and  Change  in   a  New 


Guinea    Protoagricultural    Society.    Washington:    Smithsonian    Institution 
Press,  1976. 


332  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Research  Institute  on  Immigration  and  Ethnic  Studies 

Bryce-Laporte,  Roy  S.  Contemporary  Perspectives  on  Alienation.  Co-edited 
with  Claudewell  S.  Thomas,  M.D.  New  York,  N.Y. :  Praeger  Publishers, 
Inc.,  1976. 

.  "Migration  and  Ethnicity:  A  Commentary  on  Inequality,  Power  and 

Development."  In  Migration  and  Development:  Implications  for  Ethnic 
Identity  and  Political  Conflict,  edited  by  Helen  Safa  and  Brian  Du  Toit. 
Paris,  The  Hague:  Mouton  Publishers,  Inc.,  1975. 

-.  "Dreams  and  Destinations:  The  Caribbean  Immigrant  in  the  United 


States."  In  Continuities,  edited  by  Wilfred  Cartey,  Jerome  Brooks,  and 
Maxine  Alexander,  page  5,  Spring,  1975.  New  York,  N.Y. :  City  College 
of  New  York,  Black  Studies  Department. 

Contribution  to  a  Symposium  on  Time  on  the  Cross  (volumes  I  and  II). 


In  Contemporary  Sociology  (Bennett  M.  Berger,  editor),  American  Sociolo- 
gical Association,  volume  4,  number  4  (July  1975),  pages  353-361. 

"Redefining  the  Role  of  the  United  States  in  Caribbean  Migration  and 


Development."  In  Contemporary  International  Relations  in  the  Caribbean 
(Basil  A.  Ince,  editor).  Barbados:  The  University  of  the  West  Indies,  Insti- 
tute of  International  Relations,  1976. 

Mortimer,  Delores  M.  Caribbean  Immigration  to  the  United  States,  Co-edited 
with  Roy  S.  Bryce-Laporte.  Washington,  D.C. :  Smithsonian  Institution,  1976. 

.  "Caribbean  Immigrants:  A  Prismatic  Overview  on  Life  in  the  United 

States."  In  Caribbean  Immigration  to  the  United  States.  Washington,  D.C: 
Smithsonian  Institution,  1976. 

-.  "U.S.  Involvement  in  Portuguese  Africa."  In  American  Involvement  in 


Southern  Africa,  edited  by  M.  A.  El-Khawas  and  F.  A.  Kornegay,  Jr.  West- 
port,  Conn. :  Greenwood  Press,  1975. 

CHESAPEAKE  BAY  CENTER  FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL  STUDIES 

Beane,  Marjorie.  Non-Point  Pollution:  A  Case  Study  of  the  Rhode  River 
Watershed.  Smithsonian  Institution:  Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environ- 
mental Studies,  November  1975. 

Correll,  D.  L.  "The  Rhode  River  Program."  The  National  Estuarine  Study: 
Symposium  on  Pollution  Problems  in  the  Nation's  Estuaries:  Pensacola, 
Florida,  February  1975. 

,  M.  A.  Faust,  and  J.  W.  Pierce.  Studies  on  Certain  Nutrients,  Sediments 

and  Bacterial  Constituents  of  Run-off  from  Rhode  River  Watershed.  Chesa- 
peake Research  Consortium  Publication  Number  43.  Annual  Technical 
Report  NSF/RANN  Grant  G.I.  38973,  pages  518-581.  1975. 

Correll,  D.  L.,  and  J.  J.  Miklas.  "Phosphorus  Cycling  in  a  Maryland  Deciduous 
Forest  Subjected  to  Various  Levels  of  Mineral  Nutrient  Loading."  In 
Mineral  Cycling  in  Southeastern  Ecosystems,  edited  by  F.  G.  Howell,  J.  B. 
Gentry,  and  M.  H.  Smith,  pages  642-657.  erda  Symposium  Series  Confer- 
ence—740513.  1976. 

Correll,  D.  L.,  J.  W.  Pierce,  and  M.  A.  Faust.  "A  Quantitative  Study  of  the 
Nutrient  Sediment  and  Coliform  Bacterial  Constitutents  of  Water  Run-off 
from  the  Rhode  River  Watershed."  In  Southeastern  Regional  Conference 
on  Non-Point  Sources  of  Water  Pollution,  pages  131-143.  Blacksburg, 
Virginia,  May  1975. 

Cory,  R.  L.  "Estimates  of  Open  Water  Metabolism  in  the  Rhode  and  West 
River  Estuaries,  Maryland."  In  Proceedings  of  10  European  Symposia  on 
Marine  Biology,  Ostend,  Belgium.  September  1975.     680  pages. 

,  and  J.  M.  Redding.  "Macroscopic  Benthic  Fauna  of  Three  Tidal  Creeks 

Adjoining  the  Rhode  River,  Md."  U.S.G.S.  W.R.I.  39-75.  23  pages. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  333 


Falk,  J.  H.  "Know  Your  Own  Front  Lawn."  Flower  and  Garden,  August  1975, 

pages  30-31. 
.  "Outdoor  Education:  A  Technique  for  Assessing  Student  Behaviors." 

School  Science  and  Mathematics  76,  pages  226-230,  1976. 

"Of  Beetles,   Worms  and  Leaves   of  Grass."  Art   to   Zoo  news   for 


schools  from  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  March  1976. 

"Energetics   of  a   Suburban   Lawn   Ecosystem."   Ecology,   volume   57, 


number  1,  pages  141-150. 

Faust,  Maria  A.  Non-Point  Source  Studies  on  Chesapeake  Bay:  I.  Bacterial 
Contamination  from  the  Rhode  River  Watershed,  Concentrations  and  Survi- 
val Studies  in  the  Estuary.  Chesapeake  Research  Consortium,  publication 
number  53.  Baltimore,  Maryland.  69  pages. 

.   "Coliform   Bacteria   from   Diffuse   Sources   as   a   Factor   in   Estuarine 

Pollution."  Water  Research  10  (1976),  pages  619-627. 

-,  A.  E.  Aotaky,  and  M.  T.  Hargadan.  "Effect  of  Physical  Parameters  on 


the  in  situ  Survival  of  Escherichia  coli  MC-6  in  an  Estuarine  Environment. 
Applied  Microbiology  30  (1975),  pages  800-806. 

Faust,  M.  A.  and  D.  L.  Correll.  "Comparison  Between  Bacterial  and  Algal 
P-Uptake  in  an  Estuarine  Environment."  Marine  Biology  34  (1976),  pages 
151-162. 

Wake,  D.  B.,  and  J.  F.  Lynch.  "The  Distribution,  Ecology,  and  Evolutionary 
History  of  Plethodontid  Salamanders  in  Tropical  America."  Natural  History 
Museum  of  Los  Angeles  County  Bulletin,  number  25  (1976).  69  pages. 

Whitcomb,  R.  F.,  J.  F.,  Lynch,  P.  A.  Opler,  and  C.  S.  Robbins.  "Island  Bio- 
geography  and  Conservation:  The  Limitations  of  Small  Preserves."  Science, 
August  1976. 

FORT  PIERCE  BUREAU 

Gore,  Robert  H.,  and  L.  J.  Becker.  "Studies  on  Stomatopod  Crustacea  from 
the  Indian  River  Region  of  Florida.  II.  An  Annotated  Checklist  of  the 
Mantis  Shrimps  of  the  Central  Eastern  Florida  Coast."  Proceedings  of  the 
Biology  Society  of  Washington,  volume  86,  number  10,  pages  147-184. 

Gore,  Robert  H.,  L.  E.  Scotto,  and  L.  J.  Becker.  "Crustacean  Community  Stabil- 
ity on  Sabellariid  Worm  Reefs  in  Florida."  American  Zoologist,  volume  16, 
number  12,  pages  286. 

Rice,  M.  E.  "Sipunculans  Associated  with  Coral  Communities."  Micronesica, 
volume  12,  number  1  (1976),  pages  119-132. 

.    "Observations    on    the    Development    of    Six    Species    of    Caribbean 

Sipuncula  with  a  Review  of  Development  in  the  Phylum"  In  Proceedings 
of  the  International  Symposium  on  the  Biology  of  the  Sipuncula  and 
Echiura,  volume  1   (1975),  pages  141-160. 

"Survey  of  the  Sipuncula  of  the  Coral  and  Beachrock  Communities 


of  the  Caribbean  Sea."  In  Proceedings  of  the  International  Symposium  on 
the  Biology  of  the  Sipuncula  and  Echiura,  volume  1   (1975),  pages  35-49. 
-,  and  M.  Todorovic,  editors.  Proceedings  of  the  International  Symposium 


on  the  Biology  of  the  Sipuncula  and  Echiura.  Nauco  Delo,  Belgrade,  1975. 
NATIONAL  AIR  AND  SPACE  MUSEUM 

Department  of  Science  and  Technology 

Hallion,  Richard  P.  "Note:  The  Lawson  Airliner."  Aircraft  Illustrated,  Sum- 
mer 1975. 

,  "The  Convair  XF-92A."  Air  Enthusiast  Quarterly,  number  2  (Sum- 
mer 1976). 

.  "The  Northrop  X-4."  Air  Enthusiast  Quarterly,  number  3  (Fall  1976). 


334  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.    "Profile    Preservation    Feature:    S.P.A.D.    VII."    Aeroplane    Monthly, 

June  1976. 

Miner,  E.  W.,  and  C.  H.  Lewis.  "Viscous  Shock-Layer  Flows  for  the  Space 
Shuttle  Windward  Plane  of  Symmetry."  AlAA  Journal,  volume  14,  num- 
ber 1  (January  1976). 

Center  for  Earth  and  Planetary  Studies 

El-Baz,   Farouk.    "The   Moon    After   Apollo."   Icarus,   volume   25,   number   4, 

(1975),  pages  495-537. 
.    "Stratigraphy   of    the   Moon."    [Abstract]    Discussion    Meeting:    The 

Moon — A  New  Appraisal  from  Space  Missions  and  Laboratory  Analyses, 

Abstracts  of  papers,  June  9-12,  The  Royal  Society,  London,  England,  (1975), 

page  22. 

"Taqdeem    (Introduction    in   Arabic)."    Maza   bad   Al-Qamar    (What 


After  the  Moon).  Authorized  edition  of  selections  from  Aeronautics  and 
Space  Report  of  the  President,  1972,  by  S.  Galal,  Franklin  Association, 
Cairo,  Egypt,  (1975),  pages  9-11. 

"Terrestial  Sand  Patterns  Photographed  by  the  Apollo-Soyuz  Mission 


and  Similar  Features  on  Mars."  Lunar  Science  VII,  pages  236-238.  Houston, 
Texas:  Lunar  Science  Institute,  1976. 

-.  "Harvest  of  Apollo  Science."  Journal  of  Aerospace  Education,  National 


Aeronautic   Association,   Washington,   D.C.,   February   1976,   pages    30-31; 

also  in:  Action  and  Reaction,  New  York,  volume  VII,  number  13  (May  1976), 

page  6. 
El-Baz,  F.,  and  A.  R.  Adams.  "Named  Lunar  Craters."   List   of  lunar   crater 

names  approved  by  the  International  Astronomical  Union.  IAU  XVI  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  Grenoble,  France   (1976),  28  pages. 
El-Baz,  F.,  and  D.  A.   Mitchell.   "The  Earth  Observations   and   Photography: 

Experiment    MA    136."    Apollo-Soyuz    Test    Project    Preliminary    Science 

Report,  nasa  Johnson  Space  Center,  Houston,  Texas    (1976),  TMX   58173, 

pages  10-1  to  10-64. 
El-Baz,  F.,  and  D.  E.  Wilhelms.  "Photogeological,  Geophysical,  and  Geochemi- 

cal  Data  on  the  East  Side  of  the  Moon."  Proceedings  of  the  Lunar  Science 

Conference  6th  (1975),  pages  2721-2738. 
Maxwell,  T.  A.,  F.  El-Baz,  S.  H.  Ward.  "Distribution,  Morphology,  and  Origin 

of  Ridges  and  Arches  in  Mare  Serenitatis."  GSA  Bulletin,  volume  86  (1975), 

pages  1273-1278. 
Maxwell,  T.  A.,  and  M.  D.  Picard.  "Channel-fill  Sequences  in  the  Duchesne 

River  Formation  near  Vernal,  Utah:  A  Possible  Transition  from  Meandering 

to  Braided  Stream  Disposition."  Utah  Geology,  volume  3  (1975),  9  pages. 
May,  T.  W.,  W.  J.  Peeples,  T.  A.  Maxwell,  W.  R.  Sill,  S.  H.   Ward,  R.  J. 

Phillips,  R.  Jordan,  E.  Abott.  "Subsurface  Layering  in  Maria  Serenitatis  and 

Crisium:  Apollo  Lunar  Sounder  Results."  Lunar  Science  VII,  Lunar  Science 

Institute  (1976),  pages  540-542. 
Wolfe,  R.   W.,  and  F.   El-Baz,  "Haldene— A  Multi-Ringed  Lunar  Caldera   in 

Mare  Smythii."   Lunar  Science  VII,   Lunar   Science   Institute    (1976)    pages 

947-949. 

Department  of  Aeronautics 

Boyne,   Walter    J.    "Pipe    Organ    Bomber,"    Story    of    Martin    XB-48.    Wings, 

volume  5,  number  5  (September  1975). 
.  "Middle  River  Stump  Jumper,"  Story  of  Martin  XB-26G.  Airpower, 

volume  5,  number  6  (October  1975). 

"Curtis    Hawk    P-6E."    Part    One.    Airpower,   volume    6,    number    2, 


(March  1976). 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   335 


.  "Curtis  Hawk  P-6E,"  Part  Two.  Wings,  volume  6,  number  2   (April 

1976). 
.   "The   Anonymous    Cubs/'   History   of   Early   Light   Planes.   Aviation 

Quarterly,  volume  2,  number  2. 
.    "Cry    Havoc,"    Part    One,    Development    of    Douglas    A-20.    Wings, 

volume  6,  number  3  (June  1976). 

"Cry  Havoc,"  Part  Two,  Douglas  A-20.  Airpower,  volume  6,  number 


4   (July  1976). 

"Ghosts  from  Luscombe's   Drawing  Board,"   Luscombe  Experimental 


Projects.  Wings,  volume  6,  number  4  (August  1976). 

"Convair's  Needle  Nose  Orphan,"  Story  of  XB-46.  Airpower,  volume 


6,  number  5  (September  1976). 
Mikesh,  Robert  C.  Aichi  M6A1  Seiran,  Japan's  Submarine  Launched  Panama 

Canal  Bomber.  Monogram  Books. 

.  "The  Emperor's  Envoys."  Air  Force  Magazine,  August  1975. 

.  "Postscript  to  History:  Tokyo  to  New  York,  35-years  Later."  Air  Plane 

Pilot,  March  1976. 

.  "Lightning  Strikes  Twice   (MC.  202)."  Airpower,  January  1976. 

.  "Across  the  Pacific  (Tachikawa  A-26)."  Airpower,  July  1976. 

.  "Dornier's  Double-Ender."  Wings,  August  1976. 

.  "Macchi  C.202  Restoration."  Koku  Fan,  January  1976. 

.  "Dornier  Do  335  Restoration."  Koku  Fan,  July  and  August  1976. 


Presentations  and  Education  Division 

Barbely,  Charles  G.  "The  Spacearium,  A  Planetarium  for  the  Smithsonian." 
The  Planetarian,  Journal  of  the  International  Society  of  Planetarium  Educa- 
tors, volume  3,  numbers  3  and  4,  1974  (published  in  1976). 

Bondurant,  R.  Lynn,  Jr.  An  Assessment  of  Certain  Skills  Possessed  by  Fifth 
Grade  Students  Used  to  Successfully  Identify  Constellations  in  a  Plane- 
tarium. [Ph.  D.  dissertation]  Michigan  State  University,  1975. 

.  "Museum  Programs  for  Handicapped  Students — A  Need  for  Guide- 
lines." Roundtable  Reports.  Washington,  D.C. :  Official  publication  of 
the  Museum  Education  Roundtable,  Summer  1976. 

Chamberlain,  Von  Del.  "American  Indian  Interest  in  the  Sky  as  Indicated  in 
Legend,  Rock  Art,  Ceremonial  and  Modern  Art."  The  Planetarian,  Journal 
of  the  International  Society  of  Planetarium  Educators,  volume  3,  numbers 
3  and  4,  1974  (published  in  1976). 

.  "Those  Simple  Structures  Housed  History  of  SI  Astronomical  Research 

Progress."  The  Smithsonian  Torch,  August  1975. 

'American  Indian  Sky  Lore — A  Bibliography."  Planetarium  Directors' 


Handbook,  number  33  (September-October  1975). 

[Review]  Highlights  in  Astronomy,  by  Fred  Hoyle.  Journal  of  College 


Science  Teaching,  volume  5,  number  3  (January  1976). 

'In  Touch  with  the  Sky."  In  Touch,  National  Park  Service  Interpreters 


Newsletter,  May  1976. 

'Interpreting  the  Sky."  Chapter  22  of  Interpreting  the  Environment, 


edited  by  Grant  W.  Sharpe,  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  Inc.,  1975. 

-.  "Prehistoric  American  Astronomy  c  1054  A.D."  Astronomy,  July  1976. 


Murphy,  Nancy.  "Come  Fly."  Art  to  Zoo.  A  Publication  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  May  1976. 

NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

Department  of  Anthropology 
Angel,  J.  Lawrence.  "Paleoecology,  Paleodemography,  and  Health,"  In  Popula- 
tion, Ecology,   and  Social  Evolution,   edited   by   S.   Polgar,   pages    167-190. 
Mouton:  The  Hague  (Chicago:  Aldine),  1975. 


336  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  Comment  on  New  Evidence  for  a  Late  Introduction  of  Malaria  into 

the  New  World  by  C.  S.  Wood.  Current  Anthropology,  volume  16,  number 
96  (1975). 

"Human  Skeletons  from  Eleusis."  In  The  South  Cemetery  of  Eleusis 


by  G.  E.  Mylonas.  Athens:  The  Athens  Archaeological  Society,  number  81, 
14  pages,  1975. 

Collins,  Henry  B.  "Eskimo  Art."  In  The  Far  North:  2000  Years  of  American 
Eskimo  and  Indian  Art,  pages  1-25.  Washington,  D.C. :  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution Press,  1973.  (Not  reported  previously.) 

.    "Additional   Examples   of   Early   Eskimo   Art."   Folk,   volumes   16/17 

(1974-1975),  pages  55-62. 

"Archaeological  Investigations  at  Bering  Strait,  1936."  National  Geo- 


graphic Society  Research  Reports,  1890-1954  Projects,  pages  51-62.  1975. 
-.  "Archaeological  Investigations  in  Hudson  Bay,  1954."  National  Geo- 


graphic Society  Research  Reports,  1890-1954  Projects,  pages  63-77.  1975. 
-.  "Ethnology,  Bureau  of  American."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History, 


pages  464-465.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

Crocker,  William  H.,  and  Richard  E.  Sorenson.  "Individuality  and  Solidarity 
among  the  Canela  Indians,  State  of  Maranhao,  Brazil,  1975."  A  film  pro- 
duced by  the  National  Anthropological  Film  Center,  Smithsonian  Institution, 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Museu  Paraense  Emilio  Goeldi,  Belem,  Brazil. 
1976. 

Evans,  Clifford  and  Betty  J.  Meggers.  "Archaeology:  South  America."  In 
Handbook  of  Latin  American  Studies  number  37:  The  Social  Sciences, 
pages  52-84.  University  of  Florida  Press,  Gainesville,  1975. 

.    "Some    Potential    Contributions    of    Caribbean    Archaeology    to    the 

Reconstruction  of  New  World  Prehistory."  In  Proceedings  of  the  First 
Puerto  Rican  Symposium  on  Archaeology,  edited  by  Linda  Sickler  Robinson, 
pages  25-32.  Informe  number  1,  Fundacion  Arqueologica,  Antropologica  e 
Historica  de  Puerto  Rico:  San  Juan,  1976. 

-,  contributing  editors.  Archaeology:  South  America,  Handbook  of  Latin 


American  Studies,  number  37.  University  Press  of  Florida  Press:   Gaines- 
ville. 1975. 

Ewers,  John  C.  "Intertribal  Warfare  as  the  Precursor  of  Indian-White  Warfare 
on  the  Northern  Great  Plains."  Western  Historical  Quarterly,  volume  VI, 
number  4  (October  1975),  pages  397-410. 

.  Blackfeet  Indian  Tipis — Design  and  Legend.   [Booklet  accompanying 

illustrations  by  Jessie  Wilber  and  others]  Museum  of  the  Rockies:  Boxeman, 
Montana.  1976. 

"Artifacts  and  Pictures  as  Documents  in  the  History  of  Indian-White 


Relations."  Chapter  in  Indian-White  Relations:  A  Persistent  Paradox, 
edited  by  Jane  F.  Smith  and  Robert  M.  Kvasnicka,  pages  101-111.  National 
Archives  Conference  on  Research  in  the  History  of  Indian-White  Rela- 
tions, 1972.  Washington,  D.C:  Howard  University  Press,  1976. 

-.  "Indian  Views  of  the  White  Man  Prior  to  1850:  An  Interpretation." 


Chapter  in  Red  Men  and  Hat-Wearers.  Viewpoints  in  Indian  History,  edited 
by  Daniel  Tyler,  pages  7-23.  Papers  from  the  Colorado  State  University 
Conference  on  Indian  History,  August  1974.  Boulder,  Colorado:  Pruett 
Publishing  Company,  1976. 

Introduction  to  The  Indian  Legacy  of  Charles  Bird  King  by  Herman 


J.    Viola,   pages   11-14.    Washington,    D.C:    Smithsonian    Institution    Press 
and  Doubleday  and  Company,  Inc.,  1976. 
Fitzhugh,   William.   "Paleoeskimo    Occupations    of    the    Labrador    Coast."   In 
Eastern  Arctic  Prehistory:  Paleoeskimo  Problems,  edited  by  Moreau  Max- 
well, pages  103-118.  Society  for  American  Archaeology,  Memoir  31,  1975. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   337 


.  "Environmental  Factors  in  the  Evolution  of  Dorsest  Culture:  A  Mar- 
ginal Proposal  for  Hudson  Bay."  In  Eastern  Arctic  Prehistory:  Paleoeskimo 
Problems,  edited  by  Moreau  Maxwell,  pages  139-149.  Society  for  American 
Archaeology,  Memoir  31,  1975. 

"A  Maritime  Archaic  Sequence   from  Hamilton  Inlet,  Labrador."  In 


Papers  from  a  Symposium  on  Moorehead  and  Maritime  Archaic  Problems 
in  Northeastern  North  America,  edited  by  W.  Fitzhugh,  pages  117-138. 
Arctic  Anthropology,  volume  12,  number  2  (1975). 

Introduction  to  Papers  from  a  Symposium  on  Moorehead  and  Mari- 


time Archaic  Problems  in  Northeastern  North  America,  edited  by  W.  Fitz- 
hugh. Arctic  Anthropology,  volume  12,  number  2  (1975),  pages  1-8. 

"Preliminary  Culture  History  of  Nain,  Labrador:  Smithsonian  Field 


Work,  1975."  Journal  of  Field  Archeology,  volume  3  (1975),  pages  123-142. 
Gibson,   Gordon    D.,    editor.    Introduction    to    Ethnography    of    Southwestern 

Angola,  by  Carlos  Estermann,   volume  I.  New   York:   Africana   Publishing 

Company,  1976. 
Glenn,  James  R.  "Materials  of  Use  to  Geographers  in  the  National  Anthro- 
pological  Archives."   In   Geographical   Perspectives    on   Native   Americans, 

edited  by  Jerry  N.  McDonald  and  Tony  Lozewski,  Association  of  American 

Geographers.  1976. 
.    "Recent    Accessions    to    the    National    Anthropological    Archives." 

History  of  Anthropology  Newsletter,  volume  III,  number  1  (1976). 
Houchins,  Chang-su,  and  Lee  Houchins.  "The  Korean  Experience,  1903-1924." 

In    The   Asian    American,   edited   by   Norris    Hundley,   Jr.    pages   129-156. 

Clio  Press,  Inc.:  Santa  Barbara  and  Oxford,  1976. 
.   "Beikoku   ni   okeru   Kankokujin    no    keiken,   1903-1924    no    kakete." 

[Japanese   translation  by   Inada   Hideo   of  "The   Korean   Experience,   1903- 

1924."]  The  Han,  Tokyo,  volume  V,  number  4,  (April  1976),  pages  54-82. 
Meggers,  Betty  J.  "Application  of  the  Biological  Model  of  Diversification  to 

Cultural   Distributions    in   Tropical   Lowland    South   America."    Biotropica, 

volume  VII,  number  3  (September  1975),  pages  141-161. 
-,    and   Clifford   Evans.    "La   'Seriacion   Fordinana'   como    metodo    para 

construir  una  cronolgia  relativa."  Revista  de  la  Universidad  Catolica,  Ano  3, 

number  10,  pages  11-40  (Quito  1975). 
Nagle,    Christopher.    "Report    on    Meeting    for    Computer    Data    Banking    in 

Anthropology  Museums."  Newsletter  of  Computer  Archaeology,  September 

1976. 
Ortner,  Donald  J.   "Aging  effects   on   Osteon  Remodeling."   Calcified  Tissue 

Research,  number  18  (1975),  pages  27-36. 
,    and    Marguerite    Monahan.    "The    Paleopathology    Program    at    the 

Smithsonian    Institution."    Paleopathology    Newsletter,    number    10    (1975), 

pages  7-8. 

-,  and  R.  S.  Corruccinni.  "The  Skeletal  Biology  of  the  Virginia  Indians." 


[Abstract  of  paper]   American  Journal  of  Physical  Anthropology,  number 

44  (1975),  pages  171-172. 
Riesenberg,    Saul    H.    "The    Ghost    Islands    of   the    Carolines."    Micronesica, 

volume  11,  number  1  (1975),  pages  7-33. 
Selig,  Ruth  O.  "First  the  Babe."  Art  to  Zoo:  News  to  Schools  from  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  May  1976,  page  1. 
Stewart,  T.  Dale.  "Study  of  Human  Skeletal  Remains  from  Pueblo  Ruins  in 

Chaco  Canyon,  New  Mexico,  1935."  National  Geographic  Society  Research 

Reports,  1890-1954  Projects,  1975,  pages  293-297. 
.  "The  Growth  of  American  Physical  Anthropology  Between  1925  and 

1975."  Anthropological  Quarterly,  number  48  (1975),  pages  193-204. 


338   /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "Recent  Examples  of  Pseudo-Trephination."  Adas  del  XLI  Congreso 

International  de  Americanistas  (Mexico,  2-7  de  septiembre,  1974),  number 
1  (1975),  pages  99-102. 

"Charles  Weer  Goff,  1897-1975."  American  Journal  of  Physical  Anthro- 


pology, number  44  (1976),  pages  220-222. 

-.    "Patterning    of    Pathologies    and   Epidemiology."    Paper   prepared    in 


advance  for  participants  in  Burg  Wartenstein  symposium  number  72  on 
Origins  and  Affinities  of  the  First  Americans,  August  21-30,  1976. 

Sturtevant,  William  C.  "Some  Publications  of  the  Last  Decade  on  the  History 
of  Museum  Anthropology."  [Bibliography]  History  of  Anthropology  News- 
letter, volume  2,  number  2  (1975),  pages  11-13. 

.  "Two  1761   Wigwams  at  Niantic,  Connecticut."  American  Antiquity, 

volume  40,  number  4  (1975),  pages  437-444. 

.  "Cuban  Miami:  1834.  Rediscovered:  Santa  Maria  de  Loreto."  In  Born 


of  the  Sun;  the  Official  Florida  Bicentennial  Commemorative  Book,  edited 
by  Joan  E.  Gill  and  Beth  R.  Read,  page  28.  Florida  Bicentennial  Com- 
memorative Journal,  Inc.:  Hollywood,  Florida,  1975. 

[Review]   Cod  is  Red,  by  Vine  Deloria,  Jr.  Journal  of  Ethnic  Studies, 


volume  3,  number  1  (1975),  pages  104-105. 

"First    Visual    Images    of    Native    America."    In    First    Images     of 


America:  The  Impact  of  the  New  World  on  the  Old,  edited  by  Fredi 
Chiappelli,  pages  417-454.  University  of  California  Press:  Berkely,  Los 
Angeles,  London,  1976. 

— ,   and  Wilcomb   E.   Washburn.   "The   First   Americans."   Chapter   1    in 


A  National  of  Nations,  edited  by  Peter  C.  Marzio,  pages  4-23.  New  York: 
Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

Ubelaker,  Douglas  H.  "The  Juhle  Ossuary  at  Nanjemoy  Creek."  In  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Fourth  Annual  Middle  Atlantic  Archaeological  Conference, 
Penns  Grove,  New  Jersey,  1973,  pages  17-36.  1975. 

.  "Preliminary  Report  of  an  Analysis  of  the  Savich  Farm  Site  Crema- 
tions." In  Eastern  States  Archaeological  Federation,  Proceedings  of  the 
Annual  Meeting,  Dover,  Delaware,  July  1974,  Bulletin  number  33  (1975), 
page  11. 

"The  Aboriginal  Population  of   America   North   of  Mexico;   A   New 


Appraisal."  American  Journal  of  Physical  Anthropology,  volume  44,  num- 
ber 1  (1976),  pages  212-213. 

-.  "Paleodemography  of  Virginia  Indians:  A  Critique."  Quarterly  Bulletin 


of  the  Archeological  Society  of  Virginia,  volume  30,  number  3  (March  1976), 
pages  167-168. 

-,   and   J.   Lawrence  Angel.   "Analysis   of   the   Hull   Bay   Skeletons,   St. 


Thomas."  Journal  of  the  Virgin  Island  Archaeological  Society,  number   3 
(1976),  pages  7-14. 

-,   and  Waldo   R.   Wedel.   "Bird  Bones,  Burials,   and  Bundles   in  Plains 


Archaeology."  American  Antiquity,  volume  40,  number  4   (October  1975), 
pages  445-452. 

Viola,  Herman  J.  "The  Burning  of  Washington,  1814."  In  Congress  Investi- 
gates, a  Documented  History,  1792-1974,  edited  by  Arthur  M.  Schlesinger, 
Jr.  and  Roger  Bruns,  volume  I,  pages  247-334.  R.  R.  Bowker  Company: 
New  York,  1975. 

.  "Andrew  Jackson's  Invasion  of  Florida,  1818."  In  Congress  Investi- 
gates, a  Documented  History,  1792-1974,  edited  by  Arthur  M.  Schlesinger, 
Jr.,  and  Roger  Bruns,  volume  I,  pages  335-480.  R.  R.  Bowker  Company: 
New  York,  1975. 

"Indian  Rations  and  Sam  Houston's  Trail,  1832."  In  Congress  Investi- 


gates, a  Documented  History,  1792-1974,  edited  by  Arthur  M.  Schlesinger, 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  339 


Jr.,  and  Roger  Bruns,  volume  I,  pages  689-811.   R.   R.   Bowker  Company: 
New  York,  1975. 

"Lincoln  and  the  Indians."  Historical  Bulletin,  number  31  (1976). 


Madison,  Wisconsin:  The  Lincoln  Fellowship  of  Wisconsin. 

[Review]    Indians    and   Bureaucrats:    Administering    the   Reservation 


Policy  During  the  Civil  War,  by  Edmund  Danziger,  Jr.  The  Indiana  Magazine 
of  History,  December  1975,  pages  387-389. 

The  Indian  Legacy  of  Charles  Bird  King.  Washington,  D.C.  and  New 


York:  Doubleday  and  the  Smithsonian  Press,  1976. 

VonEndt,  David  W.  Some  Aspects  of  Chemical  Communication  in  Insects  and 
Mammals.  University  Microfilms.  1975. 

.   "The  Amino  Acid  Analysis   of   Archeological  Remains   from  Axum, 

Ethiopia."  Journal  of  Archeological  Science,  1976. 

Wedel,  Mildred  Mott.  "Ethnohistory:  Its  Payoffs  and  Pitfalls  for  Iowa  Archeolo- 
gists."  Journal  of  the  Iowa  Archeological  Society,  volume  23  (1976),  pages 
1-44. 

Wedel,  Waldo  R.  "Chain  Mail  in  Plains  Archeology."  The  Plains  Anthropolo- 
gist, volume  20,  number  69  (1975),  pages  187-196. 

.  "Chalk  Hollow:  Culture  Sequence  and  Chronology  in  the  Texas  Pan- 
handle." In  Proceedings,  XLI  International  Congress  of  Americanists, 
Mexico  City,  volume  1  (1975),  pages  270-278. 

-,  and  Douglas  H.  Ubelaker.  "Bird  Bones,  Burials,  and  Bundles  in  Plains 


Archeology."  American  Antiquity,  volume  40,  number  4,  (1975),  pages  444- 
452. 

Department  of  Botany 

Ayensu,  Edward  S.  "International  Co-operation  among  Conservation-orientat- 
ed Botanical  Gardens  and  Institutions."  In  Conservation  of  Threatened 
Plants  by  various  authors,  pages  259-269.  New  York:  Plenum  Publishing 
Corporation,  1976. 

.  "Preface."  Botany  of  the  Black  Americans  by  William  Ed  Grime.  St. 

Clair  Shores,  Michigan:  Scholarly  Press,  Inc.,  1976. 

'Threatened  or  Endangered  Plants  of  Sri  Lanka."  In  Natural  Products 


for  Sri  Lanka's   Future,  pages  45-46.  Colombo:  National   Science  Council, 
1976. 

'Water  Lilies:  They  Delight  Senses  the  World  Over."  Smithsonian, 


volume  7,  number  2  (May  1976),  pages  50-55. 
Cowan,  Richard  S.  "A  Monograph  of  the  Genus  Eperua  (Leguminosae:  Caesal- 

pinioideae)."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Botany,  number  28  (1975),  pages 

1-45. 
.  "Brachycylix,  A  New  Genus  of  Tropical  Leguminosae   (Caesalpinio- 

ideae)."  Proceedings  Koninkl.  Nederl.  Akademie  van  Wetenschappen,  series 

C,  78,  number  5  (1975),  pages  464-467. 

"A  Taxonomic  Revision   of  the  Genus  Heterostemon   (Leguminosae- 


Caesalpinioideae)."   Proceedings    Koninkl.    Nederl.    Akademie    van    Weten- 
schappen, series  C,  79,  number  1  (1976),  pages  42-60. 
Cuatrecasas,  J.  "Miscellaneous  Notes  on  Neotropical  Flora  VII."  Phytologia, 

volume  31,  number  4  (1975),  pages  317-333. 
.  "Miscellaneous  Notes  on  Neotropical  Flora  VIII."  Phytologia,  volume 

32,  number  4  (1975),  pages  312-326. 
Culberson,  W.  L.,  and  Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr.  "The  Range  of  the  Lichen  Parmelia 

eurysaca."  Mycologia,  volume  66  (1974),  pages  1047-1049. 
Eyde,   Richard  H.   "The  Bases   of  Angiosperm  Phylogeny:   Floral   Anatomy." 

Annals  of  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  volume   62,   number   3   (1975), 

pages  521-537. 


340  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "The  Foliar  Theory  of  the  Flower."  American  Scientist,  volume  63, 

number  4  (1975),  pages  430-437. 
Fenical,  William,  and  James  N.  Norris.  "Chemotaxonomy  in  Marine  Algae: 

Chemical  Separation  of  Some  Laurencia  Species  (Rhodophyta)  from  the  Gulf 

of  California."  Journal  of  Phycology,  volume  11,  number  1    (1975),  pages 

104-108. 
Fosberg,  F.  R.  "Bobea  elatior  Again."   Taxon,  volume   25,  number   1    (1976), 

page  188. 
.  "Coral  Island  Vegetation."  In  "Biology  and  Geology  of  Coral  Reefs" 

(volume  3  of  Biology  2)  by  D.  J.  Jones  and  R.  Endean,  pages  255-277.  New 

York:  Academic  Press,  1976. 

"Geography,  Ecology,  and  Biogeography."  Annals  of  the  Association 


of  American  Geographers,  volume  66,  number  1   (1976),  pages  117-128. 
-.  "Identification  of  Vascular  Plants  of  Namoluk  Atoll,  Eastern  Caro- 


line Islands."  Atoll  Research  Bulletin,  volume  189  (1975),  pages  23-48. 
Fosberg,   Raymond    F.    "Ipomoea    indica    Taxonomy:    A    Tangle    of    Morning 

Glories."  Botaniska  Notiser,  volume  129  (1976),  pages  35-38. 
.  "List  of  Vascular  Plants."  In  "Geography  of  Aitutaki  Island,   Cook 

Islands"  by  David  R.  Stoddart  and  P.  E.  Gibbs,  pages  73-84.  Atoll  Research 

Bulletin,  number  190  (August  1975). 

'Revised  Check-List  of  Vascular  Plants  of  Hawaii  Volcanoes  National 


Park."  Cooperative  National  Park  Resources  Studies  Unit,  Technical  Report, 
number  5  (1975),  pages  1-19. 

-.  "Revisions  in  the  Flora  of  St.  Croix,  U.S.  Virgin  Islands."  Rhodora, 


volume  78,  number  813  (1976),  pages  79-119. 

"Status  of  the  Name  Chloris  barbata  (L.)  Swartz."  Taxon,  volume  25, 


number  1  (1976),  pages  176-178. 

"The  Deflowering  of  Hawaii."  National  Parks  &  Conservation  Maga- 


zine, volume  49,  number  10  (1975),  pages  4-10. 

"Typification  and  Author  Citation  of  Merremia  tridentata  ssp.  hastata 


van  Ooststroom,  Blumea  3:  317,  1938."  Taxon,  volume  24  (1975),  page  541. 
-.  "Typification  of  Sadleria  hillebrandii  Robinson."  Taxon,  volume  25, 


number  1  (1976),  pages  187-188. 
Fosberg,  F.  R.,  and  M.  V.  C.  Falanruw.  "Noteworthy  Micronesian  Plants.  1." 

Micronesica,  volume  11  (1975),  pages  77-80. 
Fosberg,    F.    R.,    and    M.-H.    Sachet.    "Noteworthy    Micronesian    Plants.    2." 

Micronesica,  volume  11   (1975),  pages  81-84. 
.  "Polynesian  Plant  Studies.  1-5."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Botany, 

number  21  (1975),  pages  1-25. 
Fosberg,  F.  R.,  L.  B.  Smith,  J.  J.  Wurdack,  R.  S.  Cowan,  and  F.  A.  Stafleu.  "In 

Praise  of  a  Curator."  Taxon,  volume  24,  numbers  2/3   (May  1975),  page 

396. 
Goldberg,  Aaron,  and  L.  B.  Smith.  "Chave  para  as  Familias  Espermatofiticas 

do  Brasil."  Flora  llustrada  Catarinense,  separate  (1975),  pages  3-204. 
Hale,  Mason  E.,  Jr.  "A  Monograph  of  the  Lichen  Genus  Relicina  (Parmelia- 

ceae)."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Botany,  number  26  (1975),  pages  1-32. 
.   "A   Revision  of  the   Lichen   Genus   Hypotrachyna    (Parmeliaceae)    in 

Tropical    America."    Smithsonian    Contributions    to    Botany,    number    25 

(1975),  pages  1-73. 

-.    "Hypotrachyna    showmanii,    a    New    Lichen    from    Eastern    North 


America."  Bryologist,  volume  79  (1976),  pages  78-80. 

-.  "Informe  Sobre  el  Crecimiento  de  Liquenes  en  los   Monumentos  de 


Copan,  Honduras."  Yaxkin,  volume  1  (1975),  pages  6-9,  16. 

"Lichen   Structure  Viewed  with  the  Scanning  Electron   Microscope." 


In   Lichenology.    Progress   and  Problems,   edited   by  D.   H.   Brown,   D.   L. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  341 


Hawksworth,  and  R.  H.   Bailey,  pages  1-15.  New   York:   Academic  Press, 
1976. 

"Studies    on    the   Lichen    Family   Thelotremataceae.    3."    Mycotaxon, 


volume  3  (1975),  pages  173-181. 

"Synopsis  of  a  New  Lichen  Genus,  Everniastmm  Hale  (Parmeliaceae)." 


Mycotaxon,  volume  3  (1976),  pages  345-353. 
Kennedy,  H.,  and  D.  H.  Nicolson.  "New  Combinations  and  Notes  on  Central 

American  Marantaceae."  Annals  of  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  volume 

62  (August  1975),  pages  501-503. 
King,  R.  M.,  and  H.  Robinson.  "New  Species  of  Stomatanthes  from  Africa 

(Eupatorieae,  Compositae)."  Kew  Bulletin,  volume  30  (1975),  pages  463-465. 
.   "Studies   in   the   Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CXLIII.    A   New   Genus, 

Austrocritonia."  Phytologia,  volume  31  (1975),  pages  115-117. 

'Studies   in   the   Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CXLIV.    A    New    Genus, 


Viereckia."  Phytologia,  volume  31  (1975),  pages  118-121. 

-.  "Studies  in  the  Eupatorieae  (Asteraceae).  CXLV.  A  New  Species   of 


Bartlettina."  Phytologia,  volume  31   (1975),  pages  62-65. 

-.  "Studies  in  the  Eupatorieae  (Asteraceae).  CXLVI.  Two  New  Species  of 


Fleischmannia  from  Central  America."  Phytologia,  volume  31  (1975),  pages 
305-310. 

-.  "Studies   in  the  Eupatorieae   (Asteraceae).  CXLVII.   Additions   to  the 


Genera    Amboroa,    Ayapanopsis,    and    Hebeclinium    in    South    America.' 
Phytologia,  volume  31  (1975),  pages  311-316. 

-.   "Studies   in  the  Eupatorieae   (Asteraceae).   CXLVIII.   A  New  Species 


of  Lomatozoma."  Phytologia,  volume  32   (1975),  pages  246-249. 

"Studies    in    the   Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CXLIX.    A    New   Genus, 


Osmiopsis."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  250-251. 

-.  "Studies   in   the   Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).   CL.   Limits  of  the   Genus 


Koanophyllon."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  252-267. 

"Studies    in    the    Eupatorieae     (Asteraceae).    CLI.    A    New    Genus, 


Grisebachianthus."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  page  268-270. 

"Studies  in  the  Eupatorieae  (Asteraceae).  CLII.  A  New  Genus,  Imeria.' 


Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  271-272. 

-.    "Studies    in    the    Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CLIII.    A    New    Genus, 


Lorentzianthus."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  273-274. 

"Studies    in    the    Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CLIV.    A    New    Genus, 


Chacoa."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  275-276. 

"Studies    in    the    Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CLV.    A    New    Genus, 


Idiothamnus."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  277-282. 

-.     "Studies     in    the    Eupatorieae     (Asteraceae).    CLVI.    Various     New 


Combinations."  Phytologia,  volume  32   (1975),  pages   283-285. 

"Studies    in    the    Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CLVII.    A    New    Genus, 


Revealia  from  Mexico."  Phytologia,  volume  33  (1976),  pages  277-280. 

'Studies   in    the   Eupatorieae    (Asteraceae).    CLVIII.    A    New    Genus, 


Adenocritonia  from  Jamaica."  Phytologia,  volume  33  (1976),  pages  281-284. 
Kirkbride,  Joseph  H.,  Jr.  "The  Genus  Wittmackanthus   (Rubiaceae)."  Annals 

of  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  volume  62,  number  2  (1975),  pages  504- 

509. 
Lellinger,  David  B.  "A  Phytogeographic  Analysis  of  Choco   Pteridophytes." 

Fern  Gazette,  volume  11,  numbers  2-3  (1975),  pages  105-114. 
Misra,  G.,  S.  Huneck,  and  Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr.  "Mitteilungen  Uber  Flechtenin- 

baltsstoffe.     CVIII.     Die     Flechtenstoffe    Einiger    Indischer    Parmeliaceen." 

Philippia,  volume  3  (1976),  pages  20-23. 
Morton,  C.  V.  A  Revision  of  the  Argentine  Species  of  Solanum.  Edited  by 

L.  B.  Smith  and  I.  A.  Hunziker.  Cordoba,  Argentina:  Academia   Nacional 

de  Ciencias,  1976. 


342   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Nicolson,  Dan  H.  "Diphelypaea  (Orobanchaceae),  nom.  nov.  and  Other  Cau- 
terizations on  a  Nomenclatural  Hydra."  Taxon,  volume  24,  numbers  5-6 
(November  1975),  pages  651-657. 

.  "Emilia."  In  "Flora  of  Guatemala"  by  D.  L.  Nash  and  L.  O.  Willaams, 

pages  393-395.  Fieldiana:  Botany,  volume  24,  part  XII  (May  1976). 

"Emilia  fosbergii,  a  New  Species."  Phytologia,  volume   32   (October 


1975),  pages  33-34. 

-.    "Isonyms    and    Pseudo-Isonyms:    Identical    Combinations    with    the 


Same  Type."  Taxon,  volume  24,  number  4  (August  1975),  pages  461-466. 
"Lectotypification   of  Genera  of  Araceae."   Taxon,  volume  24,   num- 


ber 4   (August  1975),  pages  467-468. 

"Paratautonyms,    a    Comment    on    Prop.    146."    Taxon,    volume    24, 


numbers  2-3  (May  1975),  pages  389-390. 

Norris,  James  N.  "Resena  Historica  de  las  Exploraciones  Marinas  Botanicas 
en  el  Gulfo  de  California."  In  number  27  of  Sonora:  Antropologia  del 
Desierto  by  various  authors,  edited  by  B.  Braniff  C.  and  R.  S.  Felger,  pages 
79-84.  Mexico  City:  Instituto  Nacional  de  Anthropologia  e  Historia,  1976. 

Norris,  James  N.,  and  Katina  E.  Bucher.  "New  Records  of  Marine  Algae  from 
the  1974  R/V  DOLPHIN  Cruise  to  the  Gulf  of  California."  Smithsonian 
Contributions  to  Botany,  number  34  (1976),  pages  iv-22. 

Powell,  A.  M.,  and  J.  Cuatrecasas.  "IOPB  Chromosome  Number  Reports, 
Asteraceae  from  Colombia  and  Venezuela  (editor  Love)."  Taxon  24  (1975), 
pages  275-276. 

Robinson,  H.  "Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian  Biological  Survey  of  Dominica: 
The  Family  Dolichopodidae  with  Some  Related  Antillean  and  Panamanian 
Species  (Diptera)."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  185 
(1975),  pages  1-141. 

.    "Conardia,   a    New   Moss    Genus    for   Hypnum    compactum    (Hook.) 

C.  Mull."  Phytologia,  volume  33  (1976),  pages  293-295. 

-.   "Considerations   on   the   Evolution   of   Lichens."    Phytologia,   volume 


32  (1975),  pages  407-413. 

"The  Mosses  of  Juan  Fernandez  Islands."  Smithsonian  Contributions 


to  Bontany,  number  27  (1975),  pages  1-88. 

-.  "A  New  Name  for  the  Moss  Genus,  Thyridium."  Phytologia,  volume 


32  (1975),  pages  432-435. 

-.  "A  New  Species  of  Barnadesia  from  Ecuador  (Mutisieae:  Asteraceae).' 


Phytologia,  volume  32   (1975),  pages   414-418. 

-.  "Studies  in  the  Heliantheae  (Asteraceae).  VI.  Additions  to  the  Genus, 


Caleae."  Phytologia,  volume  32  (1975),  pages  426-431. 

"Studies    in    the    Senecioneae    (Asteraceae).    VII.    Additions    to    the 


Genus  Roldana."  Phytologia,  volume  32   (1975),  pages  331-332. 
Robinson,  H.   "Three  New   Asteraceae   from   Guerrero,  Mexico."   Phytologia, 

volume  33  (1976),  pages  285-292. 
Robinson,  H.,  and  R.  D.  Brettell.  "Studies  in  the  Heliantheae  (Asteraceae).  V. 

Two  New  Species  of  Aspilia  from  South  America."  Phytologia,  volume  32 

(1975),  pages  419-425. 
Robinson,  H.,  and  D.  H.  Nicolson.  "Tagetes  ernestii  (Tageteae:  Asteraceae)  a 

New  Species  from  Oaxaca,  Mexico."  Phytologia,  volume  32   (1975),  pages 

327-330. 
Rogers,  C.  M.  and  L.  B.  Smith.  "Linaceas."  Flora  Ilustrada  Catarinense,  Fascicle 

LINA  (30  May  1975),  pages  1-34. 
Sachet,  M.-H.  "Flora  of  the  Marquesas.  1.  Ericaceae  through  Convolvulaceae." 

Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Botany,  number  23  (1975),  pages  1-34. 
Sachet,  M.-H.,  P.  A.  Schafer,  and  J.  C.  Thibault.  "Mohotani:  Une  ile  protegee 

aux  Marquises."  Bulletin  de   la  Societes   des  Etudes  Oceaniennes,  number 

193  (1975),  pages  557-568. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   343 


Sandved,  K.  B.,  and  R.  Tucker  Abbot.  Shells.  New  York:  Viking  Publishers, 

1973.  (Not  reported  previously.) 
Sandved,  K.  B.,  and  Michael  G.  Emsley.  Butterfly  Magic.  New  York:  Viking 

Publishers,  1975. 
Shetler,  Stanwyn  G.   "Bicentennial  Glimpses  of  Audubon's   Wilderness:  The 

Lost   Camellia."   Audubon   Naturalist   News,  volume   1,   number   9    (1975), 

page  10. 
.  "Bicentennial  Glimpses  of  Audubon's   Wilderness:  The  Appalachian 

Monarch  (American  Chestnut)  Passes."  Audubon  Naturalist  News,  volume 

2,  number  5  (1976),  page  2. 

"Bicentennial  Glimpses  of  Audubon's  Wilderness:  Wild  Rice:   Bread 


Corn  of  the  North."  Audubon  Naturalist  News,  volume  2,  number  7  (1976), 
page  2. 

'Flora   North   America."   Atlantic   Naturalist,   volume   31,   number   2 


(Summer  1976),  page  50. 

'Foreword."  The  Bluebird:  How  You  Can  Help  Its  Fight  for  Survival 


by   Lawrence   Zeleny.   Bloomington:   Indiana   University   Press,   1976. 

"Learning    from    Nature's    Laboratory."    Audubon    Naturalist    News, 


volume  2,  number  5  (1976),  page  2. 

-.  "Learning  from  Nature's  Laboratory,  II."  American  Naturalist  News, 


volume  2,  number  6  (1976),  page  2. 

"Natural  History  Today."  Atlantic  Naturalist,  volume  30,  number  4 


(Winter  1975),  page  150. 

-.  "Our  Biological  Heritage."  Atlantic  Naturalist,  volume  30,  number  3 


(Autumn  1975),  page   98. 

"Weeds   on  Trial."  Atlantic   Naturalist,  volume  31,  number  3    (Fall 


1976),  page  98. 
Simpson,  Beryl  B.   "Pleistocene  Changes   in   the   Flora   of  the  High  Tropical 

Andes."  Paleobiology,  volume  1  (1975),  pages  273-294. 
Simpson,  Beryl  B.,  A.  Burkart  and  N.  J.  Carman.  "Prosopis  palmeri:  A  Relict 

of  an  Ancient  North  American  Colonization."  Madrono,  volume  23  (1975), 

pages  220-227. 
Skog,  Laurence  E.  "Chomelia  Jacq.   versus   Chomelia  Linn.,  A   Proposal   for 

Conservation."  Taxon,  volume  25,  number  1  (1976),  pages  205-206. 
.    "Nematanthus    fissus,    A    New    Combination    in    the    Gesneriaceae." 

Baileya,  volume  19,  number  4  (1975),  pages  148-150. 

'A  Study  of  the  Tribe  Gesnerieae,  with  a  Revision  of  Cesneria  (Ges- 


neriaceae-Gesnerioideae)."   Smithsonian    Contributions    to   Botany,   number 

29  (1976),  pages  1-182. 
Smith,  Lyman  B.  "Herbarium  Notes,  V."  Phytologia,  volume   33,   number   7 

(June  1976),  page  441. 
.    "(389)    Proposal    for    the    Conservation    of    the    Generic    Name    169 

Oplisrnenus  Beauv.  against  Orthopogon  R.  Br.  (Gramineae)."  Taxon,  volume 

25,  number  1   (February  1976),  pages  194-195. 

-.  "Reconsideration  of  lectotype  for  the  genus  Vellozia."  Taxon,  volume 


24,  number  4  (August  1975),  page  474. 
Smith,  Lyman  B.,  and  Edward  E.   Ayensu.  "A  Revision  of  American  Vello- 

ziaceae."  Smithsonian   Contributions   to   Botany,  number   30   (1976),  pages 

i-vii,  1-172. 
.    "Velloziaceas    do   Estado   do    Parana."   Boletim    do    Museu    Botanico 

Municipal,  Curitiba,  Parana,  Brasil,  number  21  (May  1975). 
Smith,  Lyman  B.,  and  Robert  W.  Read.  "Notes  on  Bromeliaceae.  XXXVIII." 

Phytologia,  volume  33,  number  7  (June  1976),  pages  429-443. 
Smith,  Lyman  B.,  and  Carroll  E.  Wood,  Jr.  "The  Genera  of  Bromeliaceae  in 

the  Southeastern  United  States."  Journal  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  volume 

56,  number  4  (November  1975),  pages  375-397. 


344   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Walker,  E.  H.  Flora  of  Okinawa  and  the  Southern  Ryukyu  Islands.  Washing- 
ton, D.C.:  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976. 

Walker,  E.  H.,  and  D.  H.  Nicolson.  "Araceae."  In  Flora  of  Okinawa  and  the 
Southern  Ryukyu  Islands  by  E.  H.  Walker,  pages  280-288.  Washington: 
Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976. 

Wasshausen,  D.  C.  "A  New  Species  of  Oplonia  (Acanthaceae)  from  Peru." 
Phytologia,  volume  33  (1976),  pages  444-446. 

.  "A  New  Species  of  Ruellia  (Acanthaceae)  from  Panama."  Phytologia, 

volume  33  (1976),  pages  59-62. 

"Two  Additional  New  Species  of  Aphelandra  (Acanthaceae)."  Phytolo- 


gia, volume  33  (1976),  pages  178-182. 
Wasshausen,   D.    C,    and    Mary    T.    Kalin    de    Arroyo.    "A    New   Species    of 

Justicia  (Acanthaceae)  from  Venezuela."  Boletin  de  la  Sociedad  Venezolana 

de  Cilnuas  Naturales,  volume  22  (1976),  pages  407-413. 
Wurdack,   J.   J.   "Certamen   Melastomataceis   XXIV."   Phytologia,  volume   31, 

number  6  (September  1975),  pages  492-500. 
.   "Endemic   Melastomataceae   of   the   Sierra   Nevada   de   Santa   Marta, 

Colombia."  Brittonia,  volume  28,  number  1  (April  1976),  pages  138-143. 

"New  Guatemalan   Melastomataceae."   Wrightia,  volume   5,   number 


7  (May  1976),  pages  226-227. 

Department  of  Entomology 

Baumann,  Richard  W.  "A  Revision  of  the  Stonefly  Family  Nemouridae 
(Plecoptera) :  A  Study  of  the  World  Fauna  at  the  Generic  Level."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  211  (1975),  pages  1-74. 

.   "Amphinemeura    reinerti,   A    New    Stonefly    from    Northern    Mexico 

(Plecoptera:  Nemouridae)."  The  Southwestern  Naturalist,  volume  20  (1976), 
pages  517-521. 

Baumann,  Richard  W.,  and  Dragica  Kacanski.  "A  New  Species  of  Capnioneura 
from  Yugoslavia  (Plecoptera,  Capniidae)."  Mitteilungen  der  Schweizerischen 
Entomologischen  Cessellschaft,  volume  48  (1975),  pages  451-453. 

Burns,  John  M.  "Isozymes  in  Evolutionary  Systematics."  In  Isozymes:  IV, 
Genetics  and  Evolution,  edited  by  C.  L.  Markert,  pages  49-62.  New  York: 
Academic  Press,  1975. 

.   [Review]   Butterflies:  Their  World,  Their  Life  Cycle,  Their  Behavior, 

by  T.  C.  Emmel.  Smithsonian,  volume  6,  number  9  (1975),  pages  130-132. 
-.  BioGraffiti:  A  Natural  Selection.  New  York:  Quandrangle/The  New 


York  Times  Book  Company,  1975,  xvi  +  112  pages. 

Crabill,  Ralph  E.,  Jr.  "A  New  Watophilus  from  Utah,  Including  a  List  of  All 
Known  Species  (Chilopoda:  Geophilomorpha:  Chilenophilidae)."  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  88,  number  37 
(January  22,  1976),  pages  395-398. 

Davis,  Donald  R.  "A  Review  of  the  West  Indian  Moths  of  the  Family 
Psychidae  with  Descriptions  of  New  Taxa  and  Immature  Stages."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  188   (1975),  66  pages. 

.  "A  Review  of  Ochsenheimeriidae  and  the  Introduction  of  the  Cereal 

Stem  Moth  Ochsenheimeria  vacculella  into  the  United  States  (Lepidoptera: 
Tineoidea)."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  192  (1975), 
20  pages. 

-.   "Systematics  and  Zoogeography   of   the   Family  Neopseustidae   with 


the  Proposal  of  a  New  Superfamily  (Lepidoptera:  Neopseustoidea)."  Smith- 
sonian  Contributions   to   Zoology,  number   210   (1975),   75   pages. 
Dietz,  Robert  E.   IV,  and  W.   Donald  Duckworth.  "A   Review  of   the  Genus 
Horama  Hubner  and  Reestablishment  of  the  Genus   Poliopastea  Hampson 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  345 


(Lepidoptera:  Ctenuchidae)."  Smithsonian  Contribution  to  Zoology,  num- 
ber 215  (1976),  53  pages. 

Duckworth,  W.  Donald.  "Introduction"  in  the  Dictionary  of  Butterflies  and 
Moths  in  Color;  by  Allan  Watson  and  Paul  E.  S.  Whalley,  W.  Donald  Duck- 
worth, American  Editor,  pages  vii-xiii.  New  York  City:  McGraw-Hill  Book 
Company,  1975. 

Erwin,  Terry  L.  "The  Ground  Beetle  Components  of  the  Panamanian  Fauna." 
In  2973  Environmental  Monitoring  and  Baseline  Data,  edited  by  R.  W. 
Rubinoff,  pages  124-128.  Smithsonian  Institution  Environmental  Science 
Program,  1974. 

.  "Studies  of  the  Subtribe  Tachyina  (Coleoptera:  Carabidae:  Bembidiini), 

Part  III:  Systematics,  Phylogeny,  and  Zoogeography  of  the  Genus  Tacyta 
Kirby."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  208  (1975),  pages 
1-68. 

"The  Ground  Beetle  Types  of  Max  Liebke  in  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 


tution, Washington,  D.C.   (Coleoptera:  Carabidae)."  Coleopterists  Bulletin, 
volume  29,  number  4   (1975),  pages  267-268. 

"Relationships  of  Predaceous  Beetles  to  Tropical  Forest  Wood  Decay. 


Part  I.  Descriptions  of  the  Immature  Stages  of  Eurycoleus  macularis  Chev- 
rolat  (Carabidae:  Lebiini)."  Coleopterists  Bulletin,  volume  29,  number  4 
(1975),  pages  297-300. 

"A    Case   of   Homonymy   in   the   Tachyina    (Coleoptera:    Carabidae: 


Bembidiini).  Coleopterists  Bulletin,  volume  30,  number  1   (1976),  page  94. 

Flint,  Oliver  S.,  Jr.  "Checklist  of  the  Trichoptera,  or  caddisflies,  of  Chile." 
Revista  Chilena  de  Entomologia,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  83-93. 

.  "A  Preliminary  Report  of  Studies  on  Neotropical  Trichoptera."  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  First  International  Symposium  on  Trichoptera  (1976),  pages 
47-48. 

-.  "The  Greater  Antillean  species  of  Polycentropus  (Tricoptera:  Polycen- 


tropidae)."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  89 
(1976),  pages  233-246. 

Floore,  T.  G.,  B.  A.  Harrison,  and  B.  F.  Eldridge.  "The  Anopheles  (Anopheles) 
crucians  Subgroup  in  the  United  States  (Diptera:  Culicidae)."  Mosquito 
Systematics,  volume  8,  number  1   (1975),  pages  1-100. 

Froeschner,  Richard  C.  "Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Lace  Bug  Attacking 
the  Oil  Palm  in  Colombia  (Hemiptera:  Tingidae)."  Proceedings  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  78  (1976),  pages  104-107. 

.  "Galapagos  Lace  Bugs:  Zoogeographic  Notes  and  a  New  Species  of 

Phatnoma  (Hemiptera:  Tingidae)."  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  Washington,  volume  78  (1976),  pages  181-184. 

Harrison,  B.  A.,  and  J.  E.  Scanlon.  "Medical  Entomological  Studies  II.  The 
Subgenus  Anopheles  in  Thailand  (Diptera:  Culicidae)."  Contr.  Am.  Entomol. 
Inst.,  volume  12,  number  1  (1975),  pages  1-307. 

Huang,  Yiau-Min.  "A  New  Species  of  Aedes  (Stegomyia)  from  Sri  Lanka, 
(Ceylon)  (Diptera:  Culicidae)."  Mosq.  Syst.,  volume  7,  number  4  (1975), 
pages  345-356. 

Hurd,  Paul  D.,  Jr.,  Roland  L.  Fischer,  Kenneth  L.  Knight,  Charles  D.  Michener, 
W.  Wayne  Moss,  Paul  Oman,  and  Jerry  A.  Powell.  "Report  of  the  Advisory 
Committee  for  Systematics  Resources  in  Entomology.  Part  II:  The  Current 
Status  of  Entomological  Collections  in  North  America."  Bulletin  of  the 
Entomological  Society  of  America,  volume  21  (1975),  pages  209-212. 

Hurd,  Paul  D.,  Jr.,  and  E.  Gorton  Linsley.  "The  Bee  Family  Oxaeidae  with  a 
Revision  of  the  North  American  Species  (Hymenoptera:  Apoidea)."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  Zoology,  volume  220  (1976),  pages  1-75,  68  figures, 
3  plates,  3  maps,  2  tables. 


346   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Krombein,  Karl  V.  "Comment  on  the  Proposed  Suppression  of  Euplilis  Risso, 
1826,  in  Favour  of  Rhopalum  Stephens,  1829,  Z.N.(S.)  2056."  Bulletin 
of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  volume  32,  part  2  (1975),  page  97. 

.  "Additional  Comment  on  Z.N.(S.)  2056,  Euplilis  Risso,  1826  (Hymen- 

optera,  Sphecidae) :  Proposed  Suspension  Under  the  Plenary  Powers  in 
Favour  of  Rhopalum  Stephens,  1829."  Bulletin  of  Zoological  Nomenclature, 
volume  32,  part  4  (1976),  pages  205-207. 

"Eustenogaster,  A  Primitive   Social   Sinhalese  Wasp."   Loris,  volume 


13,  number  6  (1976),  pages  303-306,  figs.  1-12. 

"Synonymical    Notes    on   Two    Palaearctic    Subgenera    of    Myrmosa 


Latreille  (Hymenoptera,  Mutillidae."  Polski  Pismo  Entomologiczne,  volume 
46  (1976),  pages  257-260. 

Technical    editor    for   English    translation   from   Japanese    of    Kunio 


Iwata's   "Evolution   of   Instinct:   Comparative   Ethology   of   Hymenoptera." 

Publ.  for  Smithsonian  Institution  by  National  Technical  Information  Service 

(TT  73-52016)   (1976),  535  pages,  50  figures. 
Reinert,  J.  F.  "Mosquito  Generic  and  Subgeneric  Abbreviations  Diptera:  Culici- 

dae)."  Mosquito  Systematics,  volume  7,  number  2  (1975),  pages  105-110. 
.    "Medical   Entomological    Studies    IV.    The    Subgenera    Indusius    and 

Edwardsaedes    of    the    genus    Aedes    (Diptera:    Culicidae)."    Contr.    Am. 

Entomol.  Inst.,  volume  13,  number  1,  pages  1-45. 

'A  Ventromedian  Cervical  Sclerite  of  Mosquito  Larvae  Diptera:  Culici- 


dae)." Mosquito  Systematics  (1976),  volume  8,  number  2  (1976),  pages  205- 
208. 

Sirivanakarn,  S.  "A  New  Species  of  Culex  (Eumelanomyia)  Theobald  from 
Manus  Island,  Papua-New  Guinea  (Diptera:  Culicidae)."  Mosquito  Systema- 
tics, volume  8,  number  2  (1976),  pages  209-216. 

Spangler,  Paul  J.,  Hans  Reichardt  and  Sergio  A.  Vanin.  "New  and  Little 
Known  Neotropical  Coleoptera  IV.  Notes  on  Spercheidae,  Especially 
Spercheus  fimbricollis  Bruch."  Paper's  Avulsos  Zoologia,  volume  29,  number 
11  (1975),  pages  71-78. 

Traub,  R.,  and  C.  L.  Wisseman,  Jr.  "The  Ecology  of  Chigger-borne  Rickettsiosis 
(Scrub  Typhus)."  J.  Med.  Ent.  (1974),  volume  11,  number  3,  pages  237-303, 
refs. 

.    "Current   Concepts    of    the   Ecology    of    Chigger-borne    Rickettsiosis 

(Scrub  Typhus)."  Jap.  ].  Med.  Sci.  Biol.  (Tokyo),  volume  27,  number  1 
(1974),  pages  1-5. 

Traub,  R.,  C.  L.  Wisseman,  Jr.,  M.  R.  Jones,  and  J.  J.  O'Keefe.  "The  Acquisition 
of  Rickettsia  Tsutsugamushi  by  Chiggers  (Trombiculid  Mites)  During  the 
Feeding  Process."  Ann.  N.Y.  Acad.  Sci.  (1975),  266,  pages  91-114,  refs. 

Utmar,  Joyce  A.,  and  W.  W.  Wirth.  "A  Revision  of  the  New  World  Species 
of  Forcipomyia,  Subgenus  Caloforcipomyia  (Diptera:  Ceratopogonidae)." 
Florida  Entomologist,  volume  59,  number  2  (1976),  pages  109-133. 

Wisseman,  C.  L.,  Jr.,  and  R.  Traub.  "Scrub  Typhus  (Chigger-borne  Rickettsio- 
sis)." In  Hunter,  G.  W.,  Ill;  J.  C.  Swartzwelder,  and  J.  C.  and  D.  F.  Clyde 
(eds.)  A  Manual  of  Tropical  Medicine  (1976),  Chapter  12,  pages  125-130. 
5th  Edition,  W.  B.  Saunders  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  900  pages. 

Department  of  Invertebrate  Zoology 

Banta,  W.  C,  and  M.  E.  Rice.  "A  Restudy  of  the  Middle  Cambrian  Burgess 
Shale  Fossil  Worm,  Ottoia  prolifica."  Proceedings  of  the  International 
Symposium  on  the  Biology  of  the  Sipuncula  and  Echiura,  volume  2  (1976), 
pages  79-90. 

Barnard,  J.  L.  "Identification  of  Gammaridean  Amphipods.  "In  Light's  Manual: 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  347 


Intertidal  Invertebrates  of  the  Central  California  Coast,  edited  by  Ralph  I. 
Smith  and  James  T.  Carlton,  pages  314-352,  plate  70-83.  Berkeley,   Cali- 
fornia: University  of  California  Press,  1975. 
.  "Amphipod."  Encyclopaedia   Britannica,  Micropedia,  volume  1,  page 


326.  1974. 

-.  "Amphipoda  (Crustacea)   from  the  Indo-Pacific  Tropics:  A  Review. 


Micronesica,  volume  12,  number  1,  pages  169-182. 

-,  and  Gordan  S.  Karaman.  "The  Higher  Classification  in  Amphipods.' 


Crustaceana  28  (1975),  pages  304-310. 

Barnard,  J.  L.,  and  Desmond  E.  Hurley.  "Redescription  of  Parawaldeckia 
kidderi  (Smith)  (Amphipoda,  Lysianassidae)."  Crustaceana  29  (1975),  pages 
68-73,  figures  1-2. 

,  and  M.  M.  Drummond.  "Clarification  of  Five  Genera  of  Phoxocephali- 

dae  (Marine  Amphipoda)."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Wash- 
ington 88  (1976),  pages  515-547,  figures  1-4. 

Bayer,  Frederick  M.,  and  Katherine  Margaret  Muzik.  "New  Genera  and 
Species  of  the  Holaxonian  Family  Chrysogorgiidae  (Octocorallia:  Gorgona- 
cea)."  Zoologische  Mededelingen  (Leiden),  1976,  pages  1-26,  figures  1-10, 
plates  1-7. 

.  "A  New  Solitary  Octocoral,  Taiaroa  tauhou  n.  gen.  et  n.  sp.  (Coelen- 

terara:  Protoalcyonaria),  from  New  Zealand."  Journal  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  New  Zealand,  1976. 

Bouchard,  Raymond  W.,  and  Horton  H.  Jobbs,  Jr.  "A  New  Subgenus  and 
Two  New  Species  of  Crayfishes  of  the  Genus  Cambarus  (Decapoda:  Cam- 
baridae)  from  the  Southeastern  United  States."  Smithsonian  Contributions 
to  Zoology,  volume  224  (1976),  15  pages,  3  figures. 

Bowman,  Thomas  E.  "Oithona  colcarva,  n.  sp.,  an  American  Copepod  Incor- 
rectly Known  as  O.  brevicornis  (Cyclopoida:  Oithonidae)."  Chesapeake 
Science,  volume  16,  number  1  (1975),  pages  134-137. 

.  "Miostephos  cubrobex,  a  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Copepod  from 

an  Anchialine  Pool  in  Cuba  (Calanoida:  Stephidae)."  Proceedings  of  the 
Biological  Association  of  Washington,  volume  89,  number  11  (1976),  pages 
185-190. 

"Three    New    Troglobitic    Asellids    from    Western    North    America 


(Crustacea:    Isopoda:     Asellidae)."    International    Journal    of    Speleology, 
volume  7,  number  4   (1976),  pages  339-356. 

-,   and  Charlotte  Holmquist.  " ' Asellus   (Asellus)   alaskensis,   n.   sp.,  the 


First  Alaskan  Asellus,  With  Remarks  on  its  Asian  Affinities  (Crustacea: 
Isopoda:  Asellidae)."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington, 
volume  88,  number  7  (April  23,  1975),  pages  59-72. 

Bowman,  Thomas  E.,  Peter  W.  Glynn,  and  Deborah  M.  Dexter.  "Excirolana 
braziliensis,  a  Pan-American  Sane  Beach  Isopod:  Taxonomic  Status,  Zona- 
tion  and  Distribution."  Journal  of  Zoology,  London,  volume  175  (1975), 
pages  509-521. 

Bowman,  Thomas  E.,  and  Glenn  Longley.  "Redescription  and  Assignment  to 
the  New  Genus  Lirceolus  of  the  Texas  Troglobitic  Water  Slater,  Asellus 
smithii  (Ulrich)  (Crustacea:  Isopoda:  Aselliae)."  Proceedings  of  the  Biolo- 
gical Society  of  Washington,  volume  88,  number  45  (January  22,  1976), 
pages  489-496. 

(Canet)  Perez  Farfante,  Isabel.  "Spermatophores  and  Thelyca  of  the  Ameri- 
can White  Shrimps,  Genus  Penaeus,  Subgenus  Litopenaeus."  Fishery  Bulle- 
tin, volume  73,  number  3  (1975),  pages  463-486,  figures  1-19. 

.  "A  Redescription  of  Penaeus  (Melicertus)  canaliculatus  (Oliver,  1811), 

a  Wide-ranging  Indo-west  Pacific  Shrimp  (Crustacea,  Decapoda,  Penaei- 
dea)."  Zoologische  Mededelingen,  volume  50,  number  2  (August  13,  1976), 
pages  23-37,  5  figures. 


348  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Chace,  F.  A.,  Jr.  "Shrimps  of  the  Pasiphaeid  Genus  Leptochela  with  Descrip- 
tions of  Three  New  Species  (Crustacea:  Decapods:  Caridae)."  Smithsonian 
Contributions  to  Zoology  number  222  (1976),  51  pages,  37  figures. 

,  and  G.  Barnish."  Swarming  of  a  Raninid  Megalopa  at  St.  Lucia,  West 

Indies  (Decapoda,  Brachyura)."  Crustaceana,  volume  31,  part  1  (July  1976), 
pages  105-107. 

Cohen,  Anne  C,  and  Louis  S.  Kornicker.  "Taxonomc  Indexes  to  Ostracoda 
(Suborder  Myodocopina)  in  Skogsberg  (1920)  and  Poulsen  (1962,  1965)." 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  volume  204  (1975),  29  pages. 

Cressey,  R.  F.  "Shiinoa  elagata,  a  New  species  of  Parasitic  Copepod  from 
Elagatus  (Carangidae)."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Wash- 
ington, volume  88,  number  40  (1976),  pages  433-438. 

.  "Nicothoe  tumulosa  A  New  Siphonostome  Copepod  Parasitic  on  the 

Unique  Decapod  N eoglyphea-inopinata  Forest  and  Saint  Laurent."  Proceed- 
ings of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  89,  number  7  (1976), 
pages  119-126. 

Forest,  J.  M.  de  Saint  Laurent,  and  F.  A.  Chace,  Jr.  1976.  "Neoglyphea  ino- 
pinata:  A  Crustacean  "Living  Fossil"  from  the  Philippines."  Science,  192 
(4242),  pages  884. 

Hobbs,  Horton  H.,  Jr.  "New  Crayfishes  (Decapoda:  Cambaridae)  from  the 
Southern  United  States  and  Mexico."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology, 
volume  201  (1976),  34  pages,  8  figures. 

.   "Adaptations   and  Convergence  in   North   American   Crayfishes."   In 

Freshwater  Crayfish,  edited  by  James  W.  Avault,  Jr.,  pages  541-551  (2 
figures).  Papers  from  the  Second  International  Symposium  on  Freshwater 
Crayfish,  Baton  Rouge,  Louisiana,  USA,  1974.  Baton  Rouge:  Louisiana  State 
University,  1976. 

Hope,  W.  D.  [Review]  Introduction  to  Nematology  by  B.  G.  Chitwood  and 
M.  B.  Chitwood.  University  Park  Press,  Baltimore,  London  and  Tokyo,  1974. 
Transactions  of  the  American  Microscopical  Society,  volume  95,  number  2 
(1976),  pages  258-259. 

Jones,  Meredith  L.  "On  the  Invertebrates  of  the  Upper  Chamber,  Gatun  Locks, 
Panama  Canal,  with  Emphasis  on  Trochospnogilla  leidii  (Bowerbank)  (Pori- 
fera)."  Marine  Biology  volume  33,  pages  57-66,  6  figures. 

Kornicker,  Louis  S.  "Ivory  Coast  Ostracoda  (Suborder  Myodocopina)."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  Zoology,  volume  197  (1975),  46  pages,  32  figures. 

.  "Antarctic  Ostracoda  (Myodocopina)  Parts  1  and  2."  Smithsonian  Con- 
tributions to  Zoology,  volume  163  (1975),  720  pages,  432  figures,  9  plates. 
-.  "Myodocopid  Ostracoda  from  Southern  Africa."  Smithsonian  Contri- 


butions to  Zoology,  volume  214  (1976),  39  pages,  24  figures. 

'Cigantocypris    Muelleri    Skogsberg,    1920    (Ostracoda)    in    Benthic 


Samples  Collected  in  the  Vicinity  of  Heard  Island  and  The  Kerguelen  Islands 
on  Cruise  MD  03  of  the  Research  Vessel  Marion-Mufresne  1974."  Prospec- 
tions  en  Oceanographie  Biologique  et  Bionomie  Benthique  aux  Abords  Des 
lies  Kerguelen  et  Corzet,  Comite  National  Francois  des  Rechereches  Antarc- 
tiques,  volume  39  (1976),  pages  47-48. 

Kornicker,  Louis  S.,  and  Martin  V.  Angel.  "Morphology  and  Ontogeny  of 
Bathyconchoecia  septemspinosa  Angel,  1970  (Ostracoda:  Halocyprididae)." 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  volume  195  (1975),  21  pages,  14 
figures. 

Kornicker,  Louis  S.,  and  Marcia  Bowen.  "Sarsiella  ozotothrix,  a  New  Species 
of  Marine  Ostracoda  (Myodocopina)  from  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Coasts  of 
North  America."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington, 
volume  88,  number  46  (1976),  pages  497-502,  figures  1-3. 

Kornicker,    Louis    S.,    Sheldon    Wirsing,    and    Maura    McManus.    "Biological 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  349 


Studies  of  the  Bermuda  Ocean  Acre:  Planktonic  Ostracoda."  Smithsonian 

Contributions  to  Zoology,  volume  223  (1976),  34  pages,  20  figures. 
Manning,  Raymond  B.   "Eurysquilla  pacifica,  a  New  Stomatopod  Crustacean 

from  New  Britain."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington, 

volume  88  (1975),  pages  249-252,  figure  1. 
.    "Two    New    Species    of    the    Indo-West-Pacific    Genus    Chorisquilla 

(Crustacea,  Stomatopoda),  with  Notes  on  C.  excavata  (Miers)."  Proceedings 

of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  88  (1975),  pages  253-261, 

figures  1-3. 

"A  New  Species  of  Meiosquilla  (Crustacea,  Stomatopoda)  from  South 


Africa."  Annals  of  the  South  African  Museum,  volume  67,  number  9  (1975), 
pages  363-366,  figure  1. 

-.  "The   Identity  of  Raninoides  fossor  A.  Milne-Edwards  and   Bouvier, 


1923    (Decapoda)."    Crustaceana,    volume    29,    number    3,    pages    297-298, 
figure  1. 

"Two  Methods  for  Collecting  Decapods  in  Shallow  Water."  Crusta- 


ceana, volume  29,  number  3  (1975),  pages  317-319,  plates  1-2. 

"Conodactylus  botti,  a  New  Stomatopod  Crustacean  from  Indonesia." 


Senckenbergiana  biologica,  volume  56,  numbers  4-6  (1975),  pages  289-291, 
figure  1. 

-.  "A  Redescription  of  Clorida  mauiana  (Bigelow),  a  Stomatopod  Crus- 


tacean New  to  the  American  Fauna."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society 
of  Washington,  volume  89  (1976),  pages  215-220,  figure  1. 

-.  "Notes  on  Some  Eastern  Pacific  Stomatopod  Crustacea,  with  Descrip- 


tion of  a  New  Genus  and  Two  New  Species  of  Lysiosquillidae."  Proceedings 
of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  89  (1976),  pages  221-231, 
figures  1-2. 

"Redescriptions  of  Oratosquilla  indica  (Hansen)   and  Clorida  verru- 


cosa (Hansen),  with  Accounts  of  a  New  Genus  and  Two  New  Species 
(Crustacea,  Stomatopoda)."  Beaufortia,  volume  25,  number  318  (September 
1,  1976),  pages  1-13. 

Pawson,  David  L.,  G.  Donnay,  and  M.  Hey.  "Iron  Phosphate  Deposits  in 
Molpadiid  Holothurians  (Echinodermata:  Holothuroidea)."  Biomineraliza- 
tion  Research  Reports,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  16-20. 

Pettibone,  Marian  H.  "Review  of  the  Genus  Hermenia,  with  a  Description  of 
a  New  Species  (Polychaeta:  Polynoidae:  Lepidonotinae)."  Proceedings  of 
the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  88,  number  22  (1975),  pages 
233-248,  6  figures. 

.  "Revision  of  the  Genus  Macellicephala  Mcintosh  and  the  Subfamily 

Macellicephalinae  Hartmann-Schroder  (Polychaeta:  Polynoidae)."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  229  (1976),  pages  1-71,  36  figures. 
"Contribution  to  the  Polychaete  Family  Trochochaetidae  Pettibone." 


Smithsonian    Contributions    to    Zoology,    volume    230    (1976),    pages    1-21, 

10  figures. 
Rehder,  Harald  A.  "Corrections  to  Recent  Papers  on  New  Species  of  Volu- 

tocorbis  from  South  Africa."  The  Nautilis,  volume  89,  number  3  (1975),  page 

79. 
.  "Comment  on  the  Request  for  a  Ruling  on  the  Authorship  of  Conus 

moluccensis.  Z.N.(S.)2059."  Bulletin  of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  volume  32, 

part  3,  pages  133-134. 

"Proposed  Amendment  to  Opinion  740:  Correction  of  name  number 


2087  on  the  Official  List  of  Specific  Names  in  Zoology.  Z.N.(S.)1521"  Bulletin 
of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  volume  32,  part  3,  page  143. 

-,  and  Barry  R.  Wilson.  "New  Species  of  Marine  Mollusks  from  Pitcairn 


Island  and  the  Marquesas."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  number 
203  (1975),  iv  +  6  pages,  1  color  plate,  10  figures. 


350   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Rice,  M.  E.  "Observations  on  the  Development  of  Six  Species  of  Caribbean 
Sipuncula  with  a  Review  of  Development  in  the  Phylum."  Proceedings  of 
the  International  Symposium  on  the  Biology  of  the  Sipuncula  and  Echiura, 
volume  1  (1975),  pages  141-160. 

.  "Survey  of  the  Sipuncula  of  the  Coral  and  Beachrock  Communities 

of  the  Caribbean  Sea.  "Proceedings  of  the  International  Symposium  on  the 
Biology  of  Sipuncula  and  Echiura,  volume  1   (1975),  pages  35-49. 

"Sipunculans    Associated    with    Coral    Communities."    Micronesica, 


volume  12,  number  1   (1976),  pages  119-132. 
Rice,   M.    E.,   and   M.   Todorovic,    editors.    Proceedings    of    the    International 

Symposium  on  the  Biology  of  the  Sipuncula  and  Echiura,  volume  1  (1975). 

Belgrade,  Yugoslavia:  Naucno  Delo  Press,  355  pages. 
Roper,  Clyde  F.  E.,  and  A.  Solem.  "Structures  of  Recent  Cephalopod  Radulae." 

The  Veliger,  volume  18,  number  2  (1975),  pages  127-133,  23  figures. 
.  "Radulae."  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Malacological  Union 

for  1975  (1976),  page  58. 
Roper,  Clyde  F.  E.,  and  M.  J.  Sweeney.  "The  Pelagic  Octopod  Ocythoe  tuber- 

culata  Rafinesque,  1814."  Bulletin  of  the  American  Malacological  Union  for 

1975  (1976),  pages  21-28,  1  figure. 
Roper,  Clyde  F.  E.,  and  R.  E.  Young.  "Vertical  Distribution  of  Pelagic  Cepha- 

lopods."   Smithsonian    Contributions    to    Zoology,    number    209    (1975),    51 

pages,  31  figures. 
.  "Bioluminescent  Countershading  in  Midwater  Animals:  Evidence  from 

Living  Squid."  Science,  volume  191  (1976),  pages  1046-1048. 
Rosewater,  Joseph.  [Review]  The  World  of  Shells  by  R.  Scase  and  E.  Storey. 

National  Capital  Shell  Club  Newsletter,  September  1975,  page  10. 
.  "William  Healey  Dall — The  Legacy  He  Left  for  Malacology."  Bulletin 

of  the  American  Malacological  Union  for  1975,  (1976),  pages  4-6. 

'Some  Results  of  the  National  Museum  of  Natural  History — Smith- 


sonian Tropical  Research  Institute  Survey  of  Panama  1971-1975."  Bulletin 
of  the  American  Malacological  Union  for  1975,  (1976),  pages  48-50. 

-.  "Pleurocera  Rafinesque,  1818  (Gastropoda):  Proposed  Designation  of 


Type-Species  under  The  Plenary  Powers  Z.N.(S)83."  R.  V.  Melville,  editor: 
Bulletin  of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  volume  33,  part  2  (September  30, 
1976),  pages  105-113. 

[Review]  Shell  Collectors  Guide  by  Ruth  Fair.  National  Capital  Shell 


Club  Newsletter,  September  1976,  pages  11-12. 

Department  of  Mineral  Sciences 

Appleman,  D.  E.,  J.  A.  Konnert,  J.  R.  Clark,  L.  W.  Finger,  T.  Kate,  and  Y. 
Miura.  "Crystal  Structure  and  Cation  Distribution  of  Hulsite,  a  Tin-Iron 
Borate."  American  Mineralogist,  volume  61   (1976),  pages  116-122. 

Chalmers,  R.  O.,  E.  P.  Henderson,  and  Brian  Mason.  "Occurrence,  Distribu- 
tion, and  Age  of  Australian  Tektites."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  the 
Earth  Sciences,  number  17  (1976),  46  pages. 

Clarke,  Roy  S.,  Jr.,  editor.  The  Meteoritical  Bulletin,  number  53  (1975), 
Meteoritics  10,  pages  133-158. 

,  editor.  The  Meteoritical  Bulletin,  number  54   (1976),  Meteoritics  11, 

pages  69-93. 

'Schreibersite   Growth   and   Its    Influence   on    the   Metallography   of 


Coarse  Structured  Iron  Meteorites."  [Ph.D.  thesis]  The  George  Washington 
University,  Washington,  D.C.   (1976),  197  pages. 

-,  Eugene  Jarosewich,  and  Albert  F.  Noonan.  "Preliminary  Data  on  Eight 


Observed-Fall  Chondritic  Meteorites."  Mineral  Sciences  Investigations  1972- 
1973,  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  the  Earth  Sciences,  number  14,  pages 
63-70. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  351 


Desautels,  Paul  E.  "Gemstones."  Encyclopedia  Brittanica  Yearbook,  1975. 
Dunn,  Pete  J.  "On  Gem  Orthopyroxines."  Gems  and  Gemmology,  volume  15, 

number  4  (1975),  pages  118-122. 
.  "On  Gem   Rhondonite  from  Massachusetts,  U.S.A."   The  journal  of 

Gemmology,  volume  15  (1976),  pages  76-80. 

"Inclusions  in  Gem  Almandine  from  Idaho  and  New  York."  Journal 


of  Gemmology,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  273-280. 

"On  Gem  Elbaite  from  Newry,  Maine."  Journal  of  Gemmology,  volume 


14  (1975),  pages  357-367. 

-.  "Genthelvite  and  the  Helvite  Group."  Mineralogical  Magazine,  volume 


40  (1975),  pages  627-636. 
.  "The  Loudville  Lead  Mines."  Mineralogical  Record,  volume  6  (1975), 


pages  293-298. 

"Rosenhahnite,  A  Second  Occurrence  with  the  Zeolites  of  the  Durham 


Quarry."  Mineralogical  Record,  volume  6  (1975),  pages  300-301. 

-.  "Personality  Sketch — Frank  Perham."  Mineralogical  Record,  volume  6 


(1975),  page  105. 

"National    Mineral    Collection    Supports    Research."    Mineralogical 


Record,  volume  6  (1975),  page  206. 

"Notes    on    Inclusions    in    Tanzanite    and    Tourmalinated    Quartz." 


Journal  of  Gemmology,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  335-338. 

-.  "So  You  Think  You  Have  Found  a  New  Mineral?"  Guest  Editorial, 


Mineralogical  Record,  volume  6  (1975),  pages  220-221. 

"On  Jewelry   Fit   for   a   Queen."   Journal  of  Gemmology,  volume  14 


(1975),  pages  313-321. 

-,  and  J.  Marshall.  "The  Lead  Mines  at  Loudville."  Rocks  and  Minerals, 


volume  51,  number  5  (1976),  pages  250-255. 

Dunn,  Pete  J.,  J.  Arem,  and  J.  Saul.  "Red  Dravite  from  Kenya."  Journal  of 
Gemmology,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  386-387. 

Dunn,  Pete  J.,  and  W.  Wight.  "Green  Gem  Herderite  from  Brazil."  Journal 
of  Gemmology,  volume  15  (1976),  pages  27-28. 

Fredriksson,  K.  [Review]  "Minerals  and  Rocks,  10.  Meteorites:  Classification 
and  Properties"  by  J.  T.  Wasson.  Chemical  Geology,  volume  16  (1975), 
pages  317-318. 

Fredriksson,  K.,  A.  A.  deGasparis,  and  P.  Brenner.  "Composition  of  Individual 
Chondrules  in  Ordinary  Chondrites."  Meteoritics,  volume  10  (1975),  pages 
390-392. 

Fredriksson  K.,  A.  A.  deGasparis,  and  E.  Rambaldi.  "The  Matrix  in  Chond- 
rites." Meteoritics,  volume  10  (1975),  pages  402-403. 

Fredriksson,  K.,  G.  Kurat,  and  G.  Hoinkes.  "Zoned  Al-Ca-rich  Chondrule  in 
Bali:  New  Evidence  Against  the  Primordial  Condensation  Model."  Earth 
and  Planetary  Science  Letters,  volume  26  (1975),  pages  140-144. 

Fredriksson,  K.,  J.  Nelen,  and  G.  Kurat.  "The  Renazzo  Chondrite — A  Reevalua- 
tion."  Meteoritics,  volume  10  (1975),  pages  464-465. 

Fudali,  R.  F.,  and  P.  J.  Cressy.  "Investigation  of  a  New  Stony  Meteorite  from 
Mauritania  with  Some  Additional  Data  on  Its  Fine  Site:  Aouelloul  Crater." 
Earth  and  Planetary  Science  Letters,  volume  30  (1976),  pages  262-268. 

Jarosewich,  E.  "Chemical  Analysis  of  Two  Microprobe  Standards."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  the  Earth  Sciences,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  85-86. 

Jarosewich,  E.,  K.  Fredriksson,  Ananda  Dube,  Joseph  Nelen,  and  Albert 
Noonan.  "The  Pulsora  Anomaly."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  the  Earth 
Sciences,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  41-53. 

Jarosewich,  E.,  and  R.  T.  Todd.  "Olivine  Microporphyry  in  the  St.  Mesmin 
Chondrite."  Meteoritics,  volume  11  (1976),  pages  1-20. 

Mason,  Brian.  "The  Allende  Meteorite — Cosmochemistry's  Rosetta  Stone?" 
Accounts  of  Chemical  Research,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  217-224. 


352   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "Mineralogy  and  Geochemistry  of  Two  Amitsoq  Gneisses  from  the 

Godthab  Region,  West  Greenland."  Geological  Survey  of  Greenland  Report, 
number  71  (1975),  11  pages. 

-.    "High-titanium    Lunar    Basalts:    A    Possible    Source    in    the    Allende 


Meteorite."  Geochemical  Journal  (Japan),  volume  9  (1975),  pages  1-5. 
.  "Mineral  Sciences  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution."  Smithsonian  Con- 


tributions to  the  Earth  Sciences,  number  14  (1975),  pages  1-10. 

"Petrographic  Analysis  of  Apollo  16  Samples  66083,1   and  67943,1." 


Smithsonian  Contributions  to  the  Earth  Sciences,  number  14  (1975),  pages 
31-34. 

"List   of  Meteorites   in   the   National   Museum   of   Natural   History." 


Smithsonian  Contributions  to  the  Earth  Sciences,  number  14  (1975),  pages 
71-84. 

-.  "Famous  Mineral  Localities:  Broken  Hill,  Australia."  The  Mineralogi- 


cal  Record,  volume  7  (1976),  pages  25-33. 
Mason,  B.,  J.   Nelen,   P.  Muir,  and  S.   F.   Taylor.   "The   Composition   of   the 

Chassigny  Meteorite."  Meteoritics,  volume  11,  number  1  (1975),  pages  21-27. 
Mason,  Brian,  and  H.  B.  Wiik.  "The  Composition  of  the  Geidam  Meteorite." 

Records  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Nigera,  volume  8  (1974),  pages  35-38. 
Melson,   William   G.,   and   Scientific   Party.    "Along   the   Mid-Atlantic   Ridge, 

Challenger  Drills  on  Leg  45."  Geotimes,  volume  21,  number  4  (1976),  pages 

20-23. 
Moreland,   Grover   C,  Tracy   Vallier,  D.  Bohrer,  and  E.   McRee.   "Origin   of 

Basaltic    Microlapilli — Lower    Miocene    Pelagic    Sediment    North    Eastern 

Pacific."  GSA  Bulletin  (1976). 
Noonan,  A.,  and  J.  Nelen.  "A  Petrographic  and  Mineral  Chemistry  Study  of  the 

Weston,  Connecticut,  Meteorite."  Meteoritics,  volume  11  (1976),  pages  111- 

130. 
Pei-Lin  Tien,  P.  Leavens,  and  J.  Nelen.  "Swindfordite,  A  Dioctahedral-Triocta- 

hedral  Li-rich  Member  of  the  Smectite  Group  from  Kings  Mountain,  North 

Carolina."  American  Mineralogist,  volume  60   (1975),  pages  540-547. 
Simkin,  Thomas.  "Volcanology:  Global   Review  of  1975."   Geotimes,  volume 

21  (1976),  page  38. 
Simkin,  Thomas,  and  J.  Filson.  "An  Application  of  a  Stochastic  Model  to  a 

Volcanic  Earthquake  Swarm."   Bulletin   Seismological  Society   of  America, 

volume  65  (1975),  pages  351-358. 
Simkin,  Thomas,  and  A.  F.  Krueger.  "Summit  Eruption  of  Fernandina  Caldera, 

Galapagos  Islands,  Ecuador."  nasa  Special  Publication  on  Results  of  Sky- 
lab  4. 
Simkin,  Thomas,  P.  T.  Taylor,  D.  J.  Stanley,  and  W.  Jahn.  "Gillis  Seamount: 

Detailed  Bathymetry  and  Modification  by  Bottom  Currents."  Marine,  volume 

19  (1975),  pages  139-157. 
White,  John   S.,  Jr.   "Fersmite  from  North  Carolina."  Mineralogical   Record, 

volume  6  (1975),  pages  276-277. 
.  "Levyne-Offretite  from  Beech  Creek,  Oregon."  Mineralogical  Record, 

volume  6  (1975),  pages  171-173. 
.  "A  New  Mineral  Almost — III."  Mineralogical  Record,  volume  7  (1976), 


page  83. 
White,  John  S.,  Jr.,  G.  E.  Dunning,  and  J.  F.  Cooper,  Jr.  "Chromian  Alumo- 

hydrocalcite  from  California,  and  Knipovichite  Discredited."  Mineralogical 

Record,  volume  6  (1975),  page  180-183. 
White,  John  S.,  Jr.,  and  A.  Roe.  "A  Catalog  of  the  Type  Specimens  in  the 

Mineral   Collection,   National   Museum    of   Natural   History."    Smithsonian 

Contributions  to  Earth  Sciences,  number  18  (1976),  41  pages. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   353 


Department  of  Paleobiology 

Adey,  W.  H.  "The  Algal  Ridges  and  Coral  Reefs  of  St.  Croix:  Their  Structure 
and  Holocene  Development."  Atoll  Research  Bulletin,  volume  187  (1975), 
pages  1-67. 

Adey,  W.  H.,  and  R.  B.  Burke.  "Holocene  Bioherms  (Algal  Ridges  and  Bank 
Barrier  Reefs)  of  the  Eastern  Caribbean."  Geological  Society  of  America 
Bulletin,  volume  87,  number  1   (1976),  pages  95-109. 

Adey,  W.  H.,  Tomiataro  Masaki,  and  Hidetsuga  Akiota.  "The  Distribution  of 
Crustose  Corallines  in  Eastern  Hokkaido  and  the  Biogeographic  Relation- 
ships of  the  Flora."  Memoirs  of  the  Faculty  of  Fisheries,  Hokkaido  Univer- 
sity, volume  26,  number  4  (1976),  pages  303-313,  4  figures. 

Adey,  W.  H.,  and  J.  M.  Vassar.  "Colonization,  Succession,  and  Growth  Rates 
in  Caribbean  Crustose  Corallines."  Phycologia,  volume  14  (1975),  pages 
55-69. 

Benson,  R.  H.  "Ostracodes  and  Neogene  History."  In  Late  Neogene  Bound- 
aries, edited  by  Tsunemasa  Saito  and  L.  H.  Burckle.  Micropaleontology 
Special  Publication,  number  1  (1975),  pages  41-48,  3  text-figures. 

Boardman,  R.  S.,  and  F.  K.  McKinney.  "Skeletal  Architecture  and  Preserved 
Organs  of  Four-Sided  Zooids  in  Convergent  Genera  of  Paleozoic  Treposto- 
mata  (Bryozoa)."  Journal  of  Paleontology,  volume  50,  number  1  (1976), 
pages  25-78,  16  plates,  18  text-figures. 

Cheetham,  A.  H.  "Preliminary  Report  on  Early  Eocene  Cheilostome  Bryozoans 
from  Site  308 — Leg  32,  Deep  Sea  Drilling  Project."  In  Initial  Reports  of  the 
Deep  Sea  Drilling  Project,  edited  by  R.  L.  Larson  et  al.,  volume  32,  pages 
835-851,  4  plates,  2  text-figures.  Washington,  D.C. :  United  States  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  1975. 

Cheetham,  A.  H.,  and  D.  M.  Lorenz.  "A  Vector  Approach  to  Size  and  Shape 
Comparisons  Among  Zooids  in  Cheilostome  Bryozoans."  Smithsonian  Con- 
tributions to  Paleobiology,  number  29   (1976),  55  pages,  37  figures. 

Cooper,  G.  A.,  and  R.  E.  Grant.  "Permian  Brachiopods  of  West  Texas,  III." 
Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Paleobiology,  number  19  (1975),  (Part  1:  Text) 
pages  795-1298,  (Part  2:  Plates)  pages  1300-1921,  plates  192-502. 

.  "Permian  Brachiopods  of  West  Texas,  IV."  Smithsonian  Contributions 

to  Paleobiology,  number  21  (1976),  (Part  1:  Text)  pages  1923-2285,  (Part  2: 
Plates)  pages  2288-2607,  plates  503-662. 

Correll,  D.  L.,  M.  A.  Faust,  and  J.  W.  Pierce.  [Integrated  Progress  Report] 
Non-Point  Sources,  submitted  to  National  Science  Foundation  (Research 
Applied  to  National  Needs),  119  pages  and  appendix.  Edgewater,  Maryland: 
Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies,  1975. 

Correll,  D.  L.,  J.  W.  Pierce,  and  M.  A.  Faust.  "A  Quantitative  Study  of  the 
Nutrient,  Sediment,  and  Coliform  Bacteria  Constituents  of  Water  Runoff 
from  the  Rhode  River  Watershed."  Southeastern  Regional  Conference  on 
Non-Point  Sources  of  Water  Pollution  (Virginia  Water  Resources  Center, 
Blacksburg,  Virginia),  1975,  pages  131-143. 

Doyle,  J.  A.,  and  L.  J.  Hickey.  "Pollen  and  Leaves  from  the  Mid-Cretaceous 
Potomac  Group  and  Their  Bearing  on  Early  Angiosperm  Evolution."  In 
Origin  and  Early  Evolution  of  Angiosperms,  edited  by  C.  B.  Beck,  pages 
139-206,  30  figures,  1  table.  New  York:  Columbia  University  Press. 

Emry,  R.  J.  "Revised  Tertiary  Stratigraphy  and  Paleontology  of  the  Western 
Beaver  Divide,  Fremont  County,  Wyoming."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to 
Paleobiology,  number  25  (1975),  20  pages,  6  figures. 

Feyling-Hanssen,  R.  W.,  and  M.  A.  Buzas.  "Emendation  of  Cassidulina  and 
Islandiella  helenae  new  species."  Journal  of  Foraminiferal  Research,  volume 
6,  number  2  (1976),  pages  154-158,  4  text-figures. 


354   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Grant,  R.  E.  "Permian  Brachiopods  from  Southern  Thailand."  Journal  of 
Paleontology,  volume  50,  supplement  to  number  3:  The  Paleontological 
Society  Memoir  9  (1976),  269  pages,  71  plates,  23  text-figures. 

Graus,  R.  R.,  and  I.  G.  Macintyre.  "Light-Adapted  Growth  of  Massive  Coral 
Reefs:  Computer  Simulation."  [Abstract]  Geological  Society  of  America 
Abstracts  with  Programs,  volume  7,  number  7  (1975),  page  1090. 

Hickey,  L.  J.  "Relationship  of  Lithofacies  to  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  Mega- 
floral  Assemblages."  [Abstract]  Botanical  Society  of  America  (Tulane  Uni- 
versity) Abstracts  of  Papers  (1976),  page  26. 

Hickey,  L.  J.,  and  R.  W.  Hodges.  "Lepidopteran  Leaf  Mine  from  the  Early 
Eocene  Wind  River  Formation  of  Northwestern  Wyoming."  Science,  volume 
189,  number  4204  (1975),  pages  718-720,  2  figures. 

Hickey,  L.  J.,  and  J.  A.  Wolfe.  "The  Bases  of  Angiosperm  Phylogeny:  Vege- 
tative Morphology."  Annals  of  the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  volume  62, 
number  3  (1975),  pages  538-589,  21  figures,  2  tables. 

Hueber,  F.  M.  "Phytogeographical  Analysis  of  the  Devonian."  [Abstract] 
Geological  Society  of  America  (Northeastern  Section  and  Southeastern  Sec- 
tion) Abstracts  with  Programs,  volume  8,  number  2  (1976),  pages  203-204. 

Kauffman,  E.  G.  "Dispersal  and  Biostratigraphic  Potential  of  Cretaceous 
Benthonic  Bivalvia  in  the  Western  Interior."  Special  Paper  of  the  Geological 
Association  of  Canada,  number  13  (1975),  pages  163-194,  4  text-figures. 

.  "Evolution  and  the  Environment."  Chemistry,  volume  48,  number  9 

(1975),  page  24. 

-.  "Plate  Tectonics:  A  Major  Force  in  Evolution."  The  Science  Teacher, 


volume  43,  number  3  (1976),  pages  12-17. 

"Deep-Sea  Cretaceous  Macrofossils:  Hole  317A,  Manihiki  Plateau." 


In  Initial  Reports  of  the  Deep  Sea  Drilling  Project,  edited  by  S.  O.  Schlanger 
et  al.,  volume  33,  pages  503-535,  3  plates,  2  text-figures.  Washington,  D.C. 
United  States   Government  Printing  Office,   1976. 

and  R.  W.  Scott.  "Basic  Concepts  of  Community  Ecology  and  Paleo- 


ecology."  In  Structure  and  Classification  of  Ancient  Communities,  edited  by 
R.  W.  Scott  and  R.  West,  pages  1-28,  4  figures.  Stroudsburg,  Pennsylvania: 
Dowden,  Hutchinson,  and  Ross,  Inc. 

Kelling,  Gilbert,  and  D.  J.  Stanley.  "A  Model  for  Longitudinal  Transport 
within  a  Modern  Multi-Source  Basin."  In  Congress  Reports:  IXth  Inter- 
national Congres  of  Sedimentology  (Nice,  France),  1975,  8  pages. 

.  "Sedimentation  in  Canyon,  Slope,  and  Base  of  Slope  Sediments."  In 

Marine  Sediment  Transport  and  Environmental  Management,  edited  by  D. 
J.  Stanley  and  D.  J.  P.  Swift,  pages  379-435.  New  York:  John  Wiley  and 
Sons,  1976. 

Kier,  P.  M.  "The  Echinoids  of  Carrie  Bow  Cay,  Belize."  Smithsonian  Contribu- 
tions to  Zoology,  number  206  (1975),  45  pages,  12  plates,  8  text-figures. 

Macintyre,  I.  G.,  B.  W.  Blackwelder,  L.  S.  Land,  and  R.  Stuckenrath.  "North 
Carolina  Shelf-Edge  Sandstone:  Age,  Environment  of  Origin,  and  Relation- 
ship to  Pre-existing  Sea  Levels."  Geological  Society  of  America  Bulletin, 
volume  86,  number  8  (1975),  pages  1073-1078. 

Macintyre,  I.  G.,  and  P.  W.  Glynn.  "Evolution  of  a  Modern  Caribbean  Fringe 
Reef:  Galeta  Point,  Panama."  [Abstract]  Geological  Society  of  America 
Abstracts  with  Programs,  volume  7,  number  7  (1975),  page  1183. 

.  "Evolution  of  a  Modern  Caribbean  Fringing  Reef,  Galeta  Point,  Pan- 
ama." Bulletin  of  the  American  Association  of  Petroleum  Geologists,  volume 
60,  number  7  (1976),  pages  1054-1072,  9  figures,  2  tables. 

Macintyre,  I.  G.,  and  K.  M.  Towe.  "Skeletal  Calcite  in  Living  Scleractinian 
Corals:  Further  Observations."  Science,  volume  193  (1976). 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   355 


Maldonado,  Andres,  and  D.  J.  Stanley.  "Nile  Cone  Lithofacies  and  Definition 
of  Sediment  Sequences."  In  Congress  Reports,  IXth  International  Congress 
of  Sedimentology  (Nice,  France)  (1975),  10  pages. 

.  "The  Nile  Cone:  Submarine  Fan  Development  by  Cyclic  Sedimenta- 
tion." Marine  Geology,  volume  20,  number  1  (1976),  pages  27-40,  5  figures. 
"Late  Quaternary   Sedimentation   and  Stratigraphy   in   the   Strait   of 


Sicily."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  the  Earth  Sciences,  number  16  (1976), 
73  pages,  39  figures,  5  tables. 

Pierce,  J.  W.  "Suspended  Sediment  Transport  at  the  Shelf-Break  and  over 
the  Outer  Margin."  In  Marine  Sediment  Transport  and  Environmental  Man- 
agement, edited  by  D.  J.  Stanley  and  D.  J.  P.  Swift,  pages  437-458.  New 
York:  John  Wiley  and  Sons,  1976. 

Pierce,  J.  W.,  F.  R.  Siegel,  and  P.  P.  Hearn.  "Suspended  Particulate  Matter  of 
the  Southern  Argentine  Shelf."  [Abstract]  III  Congresso  Latinoamericano 
de  Geologia  (Mexico  City,  Mexico)  Resumenes  (1976),  page  107. 

Pierce,  J.  W.,  and  D.  J.  Stanley.  "Suspended-Sediment  Concentration  and 
Mineralogy  in  the  Central  and  Western  Mediterranean  and  Mineralogic 
Comparison  with  Bottom  Sediment."  Marine  Geology,  volume  19,  number 
2  (1975),  pages  M15-M25,  3  figures,  1   table. 

Ray,  C.  E.  "The  Relationships  of  Hemicaulodon  effodiens  Cope  1869  (Mam- 
malia: Odobenidae)."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington, 
volume  88,  number  26  (1975),  pages  281-304,  6  plates. 

.  "The  Geography  of  Phocid  Evolution."  [Abstract]  American  Zoologist, 

volume  15,  number  3  (1975),  page  812. 

-.    "Phoca    wymani    and    Other   Tertiary    Seals    (Mammalia:    Phocidae) 


Described    from    the    Eastern    Seaboard    of    North    America."    Smithsonian 
Contributions    to    Paleobiology,    number    28    (1976),    36    pages,    11    plates, 

3  figures. 

Roberts,  W.  P.,  and  J.  W.  Pierce.  "Deposition  in  the  Upper  Patuxent  Estuary, 
Maryland."  Estuarine  and  Coastal  Marine  Science,  volume  4,  number  2 
(1976),  pages  267-280,  6  figures,  2  tables. 

Siegel,  F.  R.,  J.  W.  Pierce,  and  P.  P.  Hearn.  "Suspended  Sediments  on  the 
Argentine  Continental  Shelf:  R/V  HERO  Cruise  75-3."  Antarctic  Journal 
of  the  United  States,  volume  11,  number  1  (1976),  pages  29-33,  2  figures. 

Southard,  J.  B.,  and  D.  J.  Stanley.  "Shelf-Break  Processes  and  Sedimentation." 
In  Marine  Sediment  Transport  and  Environmental  Management,  edited  by 
D.  J.  Stanley  and  D.  J.  P.  Swift,  pages  351-377.  New  York:  John  Wiley  and 
Sons,  1976. 

Stanley,  D.  J.  "Submarine  Canyon  and  Slope  Sedimentation  (Gres  D'Annot) 
in  the  French  Maritime  Alps."  In  Congress  Reports,  IXth  International  Con- 
gress of  Sedimentology  (Nice,  France)  (1975),  131  pages,  62  figures. 

Stanley,  D.  J.,  H.  Got,  N.  H.  Kenyon,  A.  Monaco,  and  Y.  Weiler.  "Catalonian, 
Eastern  Betic  and  Balearic  Margins:  Structural  Types  and  Geologically 
Recent  Foundering  of  the  Western  Mediterranean  Basin."  Smithsonian 
Contributions  to  the  Earth  Sciences,  number  20  (1976),  67  pages,  33  figures. 

Stanley,  D.  J.,  A.  Maldonado,  and  R.  Stuckenrath.  "Strait  of  Sicily  Deposi- 
tional  Rates  and  Patterns,  and  Possible  Reversal  of  Currents  in  the  Late 
Quaternary."  Palaeo geography,  Palaeoclimatology,  Palaeoecology,  volume 
18,  number  4  (1975),  pages  279-291,  6  figures. 

Stanley,  D.  J.,  H.  D.  Palmer,  and  R.  F.  Dill.  "Lateral  Infill  as  a  Major  Factor 
in  Submarine  Canyon  and  Fan-Valley  Sedimentation."  [Abstract]  Bulletin 
of  the  American  Association  of  Petroleum  Geologists,  volume  60,  number 

4  (1976),  page  726. 

Stanley,  D.  J.,  and  D.  J.  P.  Swift,  editors.  Marine  Sediment  Transport  and 
Environment  Management.  New  York:  John  Wiley  and  Sons,  1976,  602 
pages. 


356  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Stanley,  D.  J.,  and  C.  M.  Wear.  "Sediment  Transfer  across  the  Shelfbreak 
Off  the  Mid-Atlantic  States."  [Abstract]  Geological  Society  of  America 
(Northeastern  Section  and  Southeastern  Section)  Abstracts  with  Programs, 
volume  8,  number  2  (1976),  page  275. 

Swift,  D.  J.  P.,  and  D.  J.  Stanley.  "Introduction."  In  Marine  Sediment  Trans- 
port and  Environmental  Management,  edited  by  D.  J.  Stanley  and  D.  J.  P. 
Swift,  pages  1-3.  New  York:  John  Wiley  and  Sons,  1976. 

Taylor,  P.  T.,  D.  J.  Stanley,  T.  E.  Simkin,  and  W.  Jahn.  "Gilliss  Seamount: 
Detailed  Bathymetry  and  Modification  by  Bottom  Currents."  Marine  Geol- 
ogy, volume  19,  number  3   (1975),  pages  139-157,  9  figures. 

Waller,  T.  R.  "The  Behavior  and  Tentacle  Morphology  of  Pteriomorphian 
Bivalves:  A  Motion-Picture  Study."  Bulletin  of  the  American  Malacological 
Union,  Inc.  for  1975  (1975),  pages  7-13,  2  figures,  1  table. 

.  "The  Origin  of  Foliated-Calcite  Shell  Microstructure  in  the  Subclass 

Pteriomorphia  (Mollusca:  Bivalvia)."  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American 
Malacological  Union,  Inc.  for  1975  (1975),  pages  57-58. 

Zieman,  J.  C,  S.  V.  Smith,  and  I.  G.  Macintyre.  "A  Simulatton  Model  of 
Carbon  Flow  Through  a  Coral  Reef  Ecosystem."  [Abstract]  Thirteenth 
Pacific  Science  Congress  (Vancouver,  British  Columbia)  Abstracts  of  Papers: 
Record  of  Proceedings,  volume  1  (1975),    pages  136-137. 

Department  of  Vertebrate  Zoology 

Ash,  John  S.,  Christian  Erard,  and  Jean  Prevost.   "Statut  et   distribution   de 

Streptopelia  reichenowi  en  Ethiopie."  Oiseau,  volume  44,  number  4,  pages 

340-345. 
Bohlke,  James  E.,  and  Victor  G.  Springer.  "A  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Fish 

(Nemaclinus  atelestos)  from  the  Western  Atlantic  (Perciformes :  Clinidae)." 

Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  volume 

127,  number  7  (1975),  pages  57-61,  2  figures,  3  tables. 
Bond,  Gorman  M.  "The  Correct  Spelling  of  Jerdon's  Generic  Name  for  the 

Thickbilled  Warbler."  Bulletin  of  the  British  Ornithologists'  Club,  volume 

95,  number  2  (1975),  pages  50-51. 
Busack,  S.  D.,  and  G.  R.  Zug.  "Observations  on  the  Tadpoles  of  Pelobates 

cultripes  from  Southern  Spain."  Herpetologica,  volume  32,  number  2  (1976), 

pages  151-160. 
Desfayes,  Michel.  "Birds  from  Ethiopia."  Revue  de  Zoologie  Africaine,  volume 

89,  fascicle  3  (1975),  pages  505-535. 
Handley,    C.    O.,    Jr.    "Mamals    of    the    Smithsonian    Venezuelan    Project." 

Brigham  Young  University  Science  Bulletin,  Biological  Series,  volume   20, 

number  5  (July  1976),  iv  -f-  91  pages,  1  figure. 
Heltne,  P.  G.,  and  R.  W.  Thorington,  Jr.  "Problems  and  potentials  for  primate 

biology   and   conservation   in   the   New   World."   In   Neotropical   Primates: 

Field  Studies  and  Conservation,  edited  by  R.  W.  Thorington,  Jr.  and  P.  G. 

Heltne,  pages  110-124.  Washington,  D.C. :  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 

1976. 
Heyer,  W.  Ronald.  "A  Preliminary  Analysis  of  the  Intergeneric  Relationships 

of  the  Frog  Family  Leptodactylidae."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology, 

number  199  (1975),  pages  1-55,  appendix,  16  figures,  38  tables. 
.    "Adenomera    lutzi    (Amphibia:   Leptodactylidae),   a   New   Species    of 

Frog  from  Guyana."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington, 

volume  88,  number  28  (1975),  pages  315-318. 
Heyer,  W.  Ronald,  and  David  S.   Liem.   "Analysis  of  the  Intergeneric  Rela- 
tionships   of    the    Australian    Frog    Family    Myobatrachidae."    Smithsonian 

Contributions   to   Zoology,  number  233    (1976),   pages   1-29,   28   figures,   3 

tables. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   357 


Heyer,  W.  Ronald,  Roy  W.  McDiarmid,  and  Diana  L.  Weigmann.  "Tadpoles, 

Predation  and  Pond  Habitats  in  the  Tropics."  Biotropica,  volume  7,  number 

2  (1975),  pages  100-111. 
Horner,  Kenneth  O.,  and  George  E.  Watson.  "First  Records  of  Bimaculated 

Lark,    Melanocorypha    bimaculata    from    Cyprus."    Bulletin    of    the    British 

Ornithologists'   Club,   volume   93,   number   3    (September   20,   1975),   pages 

126-127. 
Lachner,  E.  A.  "A  National  Plan  for  Ichthyology."  Report  to  the  American 

Society  of  Ichthyologists  and  Herpetolo gists  (by  the  Advisory  Committee), 

March  1976,  201  pages. 
Litchfield,  C,  A.  Greenberg,  and  J.  G.  Mead.   "The  Distinctive  Character  of 

Ziphiidae  Head  and  Blubber  Fats."  Cetology,  number  23  (April  23,  1976), 

10  pages. 
Mead,  J.  G.  "A  Fossil  Beaked  Whale  (Cetacea:  Ziphiidae)  from  the  Miocene 

of    Kenya."   Journal   of   Paleontology,   volume   49,   number   4    (July   1975), 

pages  745-751. 
.  "Anatomy  of  the  External  Nasal  Passages  and  Facial  Complex  in  the 

Delphinidae  (Mammalia:  Cetacea)."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology, 

number  207  (Nov.  18,  1975),  72  pages. 

"Preliminary  Report  on  the  Former  Net  Fisheries  for  Tursiops  trunca- 


tus  in  the  Western  North  Atlantic."  Journal  of  the  Fisheries  Research  Board 

of  Canada,  volume  32,  number  7,  pages  1155-1162. 
Muedeking,   Miriam  H,  and  W.   Ronald   Heyer.   "Descriptions   of  Eggs   and 

Reproductive   Patterns   of   Leptodactylus   pentadactylus    (Amphibia:    Lepto- 

dactylidae)."  Herpetologica,  volume  32,  number  2  (1976),  pages  137-139. 
Olson,    Storrs    L.    "Geographic   Variation   and    Other   Notes    on    Basileuterus 

leucoblepharus    (Parulidae)."   Bulletin    of   the    British    Ornithologsts'   Club, 

volume  95,  number  3  (September  20,  1975),  pages  101-104. 
.  "A  Review  of  the  Extinct  Rails  of  the  New  Zealand  Region   (Aves: 

Rallidae)."  National  Museum  of  New  Zealand  Records,  volume  1,  number 

3  (November  27,  1975),  pages  63-79. 

-.  "A  New  Species  of  Milvago  from  Hispaniola,  with  Notes  on  Other 


Fossil  Caracaras  from  the  West  Indies  (Aves:  Falconidae)."  Proceedings 
of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  88,  number  33  (January 
22,  1976),  pages  355-366. 

[Letter  in  response  to  R.  J.  Scarlett's  on  extinct  New  Zealand  rails] 


Notornis,  volume  23  (March  1976),  page  79. 

-.  "An  Erroneous  Fossil  Record  of  Chionis  from  Australia."  Emu,  num- 


ber 76  (April  1976),  page  90. 

-.  "Oligocene  Fossils  Bearing  on  the  Origins  of  the  Todidae  and  Momo- 


tidae  (Aves:  Coraciiformes)."  In  Collected  Papers  in  Avian  Paleontology 
Honoring  the  90th  Birthday  of  Alexander  Wetmore,  edited  by  Storrs  L. 
Olson,  pages  111-119.  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Paleobiology,  volume 
27  (May  21,  1976). 

"Alexander   Wetmore   and   the   Study   of   Fossil   Birds,"   including   a 


bibliography  of  Publications  in  Avian  Paleontology  by  Alexander  Wetmore 
and  an  index  to  fossil  avian  taxa  described  by  Alexander  Wetmore.  In  Col- 
lected Papers  in  Avian  Paleontology  Honoring  the  90th  Birthday  of 
Alexander  Wetmore,  edited  by  Storrs  L.  Olson,  pages  xi-xxvi.  Smithsonian 
Contributions  to  Paleobiology,  volume  27  (May  21,  1976). 

-.  [Abstract]  "New  Fossil  Evidence  of  the  Origin  of  Frigatebirds."  Emu, 


volume  74  supplement  (April  17,  1975),  pages  281-282. 

"The  Affinities  of  the  Falconid  Genus  Spiziapteryx."  Auk,  volume  93 


(July  26,  1976),  pages  633-636. 
Pyburn,  William   F.,  and  W.  Ronald  Heyer.  "Identity  and  Call  of  the  Frog, 
Leptodactylus  stenodema."  Copeia,  number  3  (1975),  pages  585-587. 


358   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Randall,  John  E.,  and  Victor  G.  Springer.  "Labroides  pectoralis,  a  New  Species 
of  Labrid  Fish  from  the  Tropical  Western  Pacific."  Uo  No  Kai,  volume  25 
(1975),  pages  4-11,  22,  1  figure,  1  plate. 

Ripley,  S.  Dillon.  "Zoological  Expedition  to  Nepal,  1948-1949."  In  National 
Geographic  Society  Research  Reports,  1890-1954  Projects,  pages  271-276, 
National  Geographic  Society,  Washington,  D.C.,  1975. 

.  [Prefactory  Note  and  Introduction]  Festschrift  volume  in  honor  of  the 

75th  birthday  of  Salim  Ali.  Journal  of  the  Bombay  Natural  History  Society, 
volume  71,  number  3  (1974 — published  1976),  pages  351-355. 

[Foreword]    To  Save  a  Bird  in  Peril  by  David  R.  Zimmerman.  New 


York:  Coward,  McCann  and  Geoghegan,  Inc.,  1975. 

Slud,  Paul.  "Geographic  and  Climatic  Relationships  of  Avifaunas  with 
Special  Reference  to  Comparative  Distribution  in  the  Neotropics."  Smith- 
sonian Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  212  (1976),  pages  1-149,  37 
figures,  11  tables. 

Springer,  Victor  G.  "Cirrisalarias  bunares,  New  Genus  and  Species  of  Blenniid 
Fish  from  the  Indian  Ocean."  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Wash- 
ington, volume  89,  number  13  (1976),  pages  199-203,  1  figure. 

Springer,  Victor  G.,  and  Warren  C.  Freihofer.  "Study  of  the  Monotypic  Fish 
Family  Pholidichthyidae  (Perciformes)."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to 
Zoology,  number  216  (1976),  pages  1-43,  23  figures. 

Springer,  Victor  G.,  and  Martin  F.  Gomon.  "Variation  in  the  Western  Atlantic 
Clinid  Fish  Malacoctenus  triangulatus  with  a  Revised  Key  to  the  Atlantic 
Species  of  Malacoctenus."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  number 
200  (1975),  pages  1-11,  3  figures,  3  tables. 

Straughan,  Ian  R.,  and  W.  Ronald  Heyer.  "A  Functional  Analysis  of  the 
Mating  Calls  of  the  Neotropical  Frog  Genera  of  the  Leptodactylus  Com- 
plex (Amphibia,  Leptodactylidae)."  Papeis  Avulsos  de  Zoologia,  Sao  Paulo, 
volume  29,  number  23  (1976),  pages  221-245. 

Thorington,  R.  W.,  Jr.  "Primate  Conservation — the  Basic  Problems."  In 
Proceedings  from  the  Symposia  of  the  Fifth  Congress  of  the  International 
Primatological  Society,  edited  by  S.  Kondo,  M.  Kawai,  A.  Ehara,  and  S. 
Kawamura,  pages  489-490,  1975. 

.  "A  Summary  of  Discussions  on  Primate  Conservation."  In  Proceed- 
ings from  the  Symposia  of  the  Fifth  Congress  of  the  International  Primato- 
logical Society,  edited  by  S.  Kondo,  M.  Kawai,  A.  Ehara,  and  S.  Kawamura, 
pages  563-565,  1975. 

"The  Relevance  of  Vegetational  Diversity  for  Primate  Conservation 


in  South  America."  In  Proceedings  from  the  Symposia  of  the  Fifth  Congress 
of  the  International  Primatological  Society,  edited  by  S.  Kondo,  M.  Kawai, 
A.  Ehara,  and  S.  Kawamura,  pages  547-553,  1975. 

-.  "The  Systematics  of  New  World  Monkeys."  First  Inter-American  Con- 


ference on  Conservation  and  Utilization  of  American  Nonhuman  Primates 
in  Biomedical  Research,  pages  8-19.  Pan  American  Health  Organization, 
Scientific  Publication  number  317. 

Thorington,  R.  W.,  Jr.,  and  P.  G.  Heltne,  editors.  Neotropical  Primates:  Field 
Studies  and  Conservation.  Washington,  D.C. :  National  Academy  of  Sciences, 
1976,  v  +  135  pages. 

Thorington,  R.  W.,  Jr.  and  P.  G.  Heltne.  "Introduction."  In  Neotropical 
Primates:  Field  Studies  and  Conservation,  edited  by  R.  W.  Thorington,  Jr. 
and  P.  G.  Heltne,  pages  1-3,  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  Washington, 
D.C,  1976. 

Thorington,  R.  W.,  Jr.,  N.  A.  Muckenhirn,  and  G.  G.  Montgomery.  "Move- 
ment of  a  Wild  Night  Monkey  (Aotus  trivirgatus)."  In  Neotropical 
Primates:  Field  Studies  and  Conservation,  edited  by  R.  W.  Thorington  and 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  359 


P.   G.   Heltne,  pages   32-34.   National   Academy   of   Sciences,   Washington, 
D.C.,  1976. 

Wake,  D.  B.,  R.  G.  Zweifel,  H.  C.  Dessauer,  G.  W.  Wace,  E.  R.  Pianka, 
G.  B.  Rabb,  R.  Ruibal,  J.  W.  Wright,  and  G.  R.  Zug.  "Report  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Resources  in  Herpetology."  Copeia,  volume  1975,  number  2 
(1975),  pages  391-404. 

.  "Recommendations  for  the  Management  of  Herpetological  Museum 

Collections."    Herpetological   Review,    volume    6,    number    2    (1975),   pages 
34-36. 

"Collections   of   Preserved   Amphibians   and   Reptiles   in   the   United 


States."  Herpetological  Circular,  number  3  (1975),  pages  1-22. 

Watson,  George  E.  [Review]  "The  Birdlife  of  Texas"  by  H.  C.  Oberholser, 
1975.  Atlantic  Naturalist,  volume  30,  number  2,  pages  140-141. 

.  "Birds  of  the  Antarctic  and  Sub-Antarctic."  Washington,  D.C. :  Amer- 
ican Geophysical  Union,  December,  1975,  xvii  +  350  pages,  7  tables,  11  color 
plates,  frontispiece  +  11  figures,  51  maps,  numerous  line  drawings. 

"Proceedings   of   the   Ninety-third   Stated   Meeting   of   the   American 


Ornithologists'  Union."  The  Auk,  volume  93,  number  1  (January  23,  1976), 
pages  142-163. 

"Charge  to  the  AOU  Committee  on  Public  Responsibilities."  The  Auk, 


volume  93,  number  1  (January  23,  1976),  page  157. 

[Review]  "Ocean  Wanderers/the  Migratory  Seabirds  of  the  World," 


by  R.  M.  Lockley.  The  Auk,  volume  93,  number  2  (April  19,  1976),  pages 

401-402. 
Weitzman,  Stanley  H.  "Der  Fltigelschuppensalmler,  Pterobrycon  myrnae,  ein 

bezaubernden  Aquarienfisch  der  Zukurst  aus  Costa  Rica."  Die  Aquarien-und 

Terrarien  Zeitschrift,  28  Jahrgang,  number  12  (December  1975),  pages  406- 

410,  8  figures. 
Zug,  G.  R.,  E.  Lindgren,  and  J.  R.  Pippet.  "Distribution  and  Ecology  of  the 

Marine  Toad,  Bufo  marinus,  in  Papua  New  Guinea."  Pacific  Science,  volume 

29,  number  1  (1975),  pages  31-50. 

NATIONAL  ZOOLOGICAL  PARK 

Brownstein,  D.,  R.  J.  Montali,  M.  Bush,  and  A.  E.  James.  "Nasal  Carcinoma 
in  a  Captive  Eld's  Deer."  Journal  of  Veterinary  Medicine  Association, 
volume  167,  number  7  (1975),  pages  569-571. 

Buechner,  H.  K.,  S.  F.  Macklery,  H.  R.  Stroman,  and  W.  A.  Xanten.  "Birth 
of  an  Indian  Rhinoceros  (Rhinoceros  unicornis)  at  the  National  Zoological 
Park,  Washington."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  pages 
160-165. 

Bush,  M.,  and  C.  W.  Gray.  "Dental  Prophylaxis  in  Carnivores."  International 
Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  page  223. 

Bush,  M.,  D.  W.  Heese,  C.  W.  Gray,  and  A.  E.  James.  "Surgical  Repair  of 
Tusk  Injury  (Pulpectomy)  in  an  Adult,  Male  Forest  Elephant  (Loxodonta 
cyclotis)."  Journal  of  the  Dental  Association,  volume  93  (August  1976), 
pages  371-375. 

Bush,  M.,  and  A.  E.  James.  "Some  Considerations  of  Practice  of  Orthopedics 
in  Exotic  Animals."  Journal  of  the  American  Animal  Hospital  Association, 
volume  11,  number  5  (September-October  1975),  pages  587-594. 

Bush,  M.,  and  E.  Teeple.  "Barbituate  Toxicity  in  Lions."  Journal  of  Zoo 
Animal  Medicine,  volume  6,  number  3  (September  1975),  page  25. 

Davis,  P.,  and  G.  Greenwell.  "Successful  Hatching  of  a  North  Island  Brown 
Kiwi  (Apteryx  australis  mantelli),  at  the  National  Zoological  Park."  Inter- 
national Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  16  (1976),  pages  86-89. 

Davis,  T.  "Effects   of  Familiarity   on  Agonistic  Encounter  Behavior  in  Male 


360   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Degus  (Octodon  degus)."  Behavioral  Biology,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  511- 
517. 

Demeter,  B.  "Observation  on  the  Care,  Breeding,  and  Behavior  of  the  Giant 
Day  Gecko,  Phelsuma  madagascariensis,  at  the  National  Zoological  Park, 
Washington."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  16  (1976),  pages  130-133. 

Dittus,  W.  P.  J.  "Population  Dynamics  of  the  Toque  Monkey,  Macaca  sinica." 
In  Socioecology  and  Psychology  of  Primates,  edited  by  R.  Tuttle,  pages  125- 
151.  The  Hague:  Mouton  Publishers,  1975. 

Egoscue,  Harold  J.  "Abnormal  Juvenile  Pelages  and  Estivation  in  the  Utah 
Prairie  Dog,  Cynomys  parvidens."  The  S.  W.  Naturalist,  volume  20,  num- 
ber 1  (1975),  pages  133-136. 

.  "The  Care,  Management,  and  Display  of  Prairie  Dogs  Cynomys  spp.  in 

Captivity."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  pages  45-48. 

Eisenberg,  J.  F.  "The  Design  and  Administration  of  Zoological  Research  Pro- 
grams." In  Research  in  Zoos  and  Aquariums,  pages  12-19.  ILAR:  National 
Academy  of  Science,  Washington,  D.C.,  1975. 

.   "The  Behavior  Patterns   of  Desert   Rodents."   In   Rodents   in   Desert 

Environments,  edited  by  I.  Prakash  and  P.  K.  Ghosh,  pages  189-224.  Mono- 
graphae  Biologicae.  The  Hague:  W.  Junk,  1975. 

"Tenrecs  and  Solenodons  in  Captivity."  International  Zoo  Yearbook, 


volume  15  (1975),  pages  6-12. 

-.  "Phylogeny  of  Behavior  and  Ecology  in  the  Mammalia."  In  Phylogeny 


of  the  Primates:  An  Interdisciplinary  Approach,  edited  by  P.  Luckett  and 
F.  Szalay,  pages  47-68.  New  York:  Plenum  Press,  1975. 

-.  "Communication  and  Social  Integrations  in  the  Black  Spider  Monkey, 


Ateles  fusciceps  robustus,  and  Related  Species."  Smithsonian  Contributions 
to  Zoology,  volume  213  (1976),  pages  1-108. 

Eisenberg,  J.  F.,  L.  R.  Collins,  and  C.  Wemmer.  "Communication  in  the 
Tasmanian  Devil  (Sarcophilus  harrisii)  and  a  Survey  of  Auditory  Com- 
munication in  the  Marsupialia."  Zeitschrift  fiir  Teirpsychologie,  volume  37 
(1975),  pages  379-399. 

Ensley,  P.  K.,  and  M.  Bush.  "Case  Report:  Rectal  Mucosal  Prolapse  in  an 
Indian  Rhinoceros  (Rhinoceros  unicornis)."  Journal  of  Zoo  Animal  Medicine, 
volume  7,  number  2  (June  1976),  page  22. 

Gilbert,  S.,  and  G.  Greenwell.  "An  Unusually  Prolific  Breeding  Season  in  the 
Bornean  Great  Argus  Pheasant  (Argusianus  argus  grayi)."  International 
Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  16  (1976),  pages  93-96. 

Guerrero,  V.  "A  Quantitative  Study  of  the  Courtship  and  Copulatory  Behavior 
of  the  Green  Acouchi,  Myoprocta  pratti,  Pocock  1911  (Rodentia:  Hystrico- 
morpha)."  Ph.D.  Thesis,  Howard  University,  Washington,  D.C.,  1975. 

Hughes,  Austin,  and  Cynthia  Gale  Turner.  "Breeding  and  Behavior  of 
Rothschild's  Mynah  (Leucopsar  rothschildi)  at  the  National  Zoological  Park, 
Washington."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  pages  116-120. 

Iliff,  Warren  J.  "A  Volunteer  Interpretive  Programme  at  the  National  Zoo, 
Washington."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  pages  305-308. 

James,  A.  E.,  B.  Burns,  W.  F.  Flor,  E.-P.  Strecker,  T.  Merz,  M.  Bush,  and  D.  L. 
Price.  "Pathophysiology  of  Chronic  Communicating  Hydrocephalus  in  Dogs 
(Canis  familiaris) :  Experimental  Studies."  Journal  of  the  Neurological 
Sciences,  volume  24  (1975),  pages  151-178. 

James,  A.  E.,  M.  Bush,  G.  Hutchins,  B.  Burns,  R.  M.  Heller,  and  C.  W.  Gray. 
"Avian  Respiration:  A  Radiological  Study  in  Vivo  and  in  Vitro  Correlation." 
Proceedings  of  the  American  Association  of  Zoo  Veterinarians  (1975),  pages 
210-220. 

James,  A.  E.,  M.  Bush,  F.  A.  Osterman,  R.  M.  Heller,  and  G.  R.  Novak. 
"Radiologic  Imaging  of  Human  Diseases  in  Exotic  Animals."  Journal  of  the 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   361 


American  Medical  Association,  volume  235,  number  2  (January  12,  1976), 
pages  184-188. 

James,  A.  E.,  R.  M.  Heller,  M.  Bush,  'C.  W.  Gray,  and  K.  S.  Oh.  "Positive 
Contrast  Peritoneography  and  Herniography  in  Primates."  Journal  of  Medi- 
cal Primatology,  volume  4  (1975),  pages  114-119. 

James,  A.  E.,  G.  Hutchins,  M.  Bush,  T.  K.  Natarajan,  and  B.  Burns.  "How 
Birds  Breathe:  Correlation  Radiographic  with  Anatomical  and  Pathological 
Studies."  Journal  of  the  Veterinary  Radiology  Society,  volume  17,  number  2 
(1976),  pages  77-86. 

James,  A.  E.,  F.  A.  Osterman,  M.  Bush,  T.  Sheehan,  D.  W.  Novak,  and  R.  C. 
Sanders.  "The  Use  of  Compound  B-Mode  Ultrasound  in  Abdominal  Disease 
of  Animals."  Journal  of  the  Veterinary  Radiology  Society,  volume  17,  num- 
ber 3  (1976),  pages  106-112. 

James,  A.  E.,  G.  U.  V.  Rao,  C.  W.  Gray,  R.  M.  Heller,  and  M.  Bush.  "Magnifica- 
tion in  Veterinary  Radiology."  Journal  of  the  Veterinary  Radiology  Society, 
volume  16,  number  2  (1975),  pages  52-64. 

James,  A.  E.,  R.  C.  Sanders,  F.  A.  Osterman,  G.  R.  Novak,  and  M.  Bush. 
"Abdominal  Ultrasound  in  Animals."  Seminars  in  Roentgenology,  volume 
10,  number  4  (October  1975),  pages  323-328. 

James,  A.  E.,  E.-P.  Strecker,  F.  J.  Miller,  and  M.  Bush.  "Preliminary  Report: 
An  Experimental  Study  of  99mT.  Pertechnetate  Abdominal  Scans  in  Jejunal 
Intussusception."  Journal  of  Surgical  Residents,  volume  19  (1976),  pages 
71-76. 

Johnson,  M.  J.,  and  R.  C.  Gayden.  "Breeding  the  Bald  Eagle,  Haliaeetus 
leucocephalus,  at  the  National  Zoological  Park,  Washington."  International 
Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  pages  98-100. 

Kleiman,  D.  G.  "The  Management  of  Breeding  Programs  in  Zoos."  In  Research 
in  Zoos  and  Aquariums,  pages  157-177.  ILAR:  National  Academy  of  Sci- 
ence, Washington,  D.C.,  1975. 

.  [Review]  The  Wild  Canids,  by  M.  W.  Fox.  Science,  volume  189  (1975), 

page  376. 

[Review]  Concepts  in  Ethology:  Animal  and  Human  Behavior,  by  M. 


W.  Fox.  Quarterly  Review  of  Biology,  volume  50   (1975),  pages  507-508. 

"The  Effects  of  Exposure  to  Conspecific  Urine  on  Urine-marking  in 


Male  and  Female  Degus  (Octodon  degus)."  Behavioral  Biology,  volume  14 
(1975),  pages  519-526. 

-.  "Stargazing  in  the  Panda  House."  Animal  Kingdom,  volume  78  (1975), 


pages  2-5. 

"Will  the  Pot  of  Gold  Have  a  Rainbow?  Hope  for  Brazil's  Golden 


Tamarins  in  North  America."  Animal  Kingdom,  volume  79  (1976),  pages  2-6. 

Montali,  R.  J.,  E.  Smith,  M.  Davenport,  and  M.  Bush.  "Dermatophilosis  in 
Australian  Bearded  Lizards  (Amphibolurus  barbatus)."  Journal  of  the  Veteri- 
nary Medicine  Association,  volume  167,  number  7  (October  1,  1975),  pages 
553-555. 

Montgomery,  G.  G.,  and  M.  E.  Sunquist.  "Impact  of  Sloths  on  Neotropical 
Forest  Energy  Flow  and  Nutrient  Cycling."  In  Tropical  Ecological  Systems: 
Trends  in  Terrestrial  and  Aquatic  Research,  edited  by  F.  B.  Golley  and  E. 
Medina,  pages  69-111.  Ecological  Studies  11:  Speringer-Verlag,  New  York, 
1975. 

Morton,  E.  S.  "Ecological  Sources  of  Selection  on  Avian  Sounds."  American 
Naturalist,  volume  109  (1975),  pages  17-34. 

Osterman,  F.  A.,  A.  E.  James,  A.  Heshiki,  M.  J.  Ryan,  G.  Novak,  G.  U.  V.  Rao, 
and  M.  Bush.  "Xeroradiography  in  Veterinary  Radiography:  A  Preliminary 
Study."  Journal  of  the  American  Veterinary  Radiology  Society,  volume  16, 
number  5  (1975),  pages  143-150. 

Rehg,  J.  E.,  R.  J.  Montali,  and  M.  E.  Szymkowiak.  "Morphological  and  Histo- 


362  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


chemical  Observations  on  Renal  Microbodies  in  Cats."  Veterinary  Pathology, 

volume  12  (1975),  pages  186-195. 
Roberts,   M.    S.   "Growth   and   Development   of    Mother-Reared   Red    Pandas 

(Ailurus  fulgens)."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume   15    (1975),   pages 

57-63. 
Seidensticker,  J.   "The   Vanishing  Animals   of  India."  International   Wildlife, 

volume  5  (1975),  page  47. 
Seidensticker,  J.,  and  J.  McNeeley.  "Observations  on  the  Use  of  Natural  Licks 

by   Ungulates    in    the    Huai    Kha    Khaeng    Wildlife    Sanctuary,    Thailand." 

Natural  History  Bulletin,  Siam  Society,  volume  26  (1975),  pages  24-33. 
Storm,  G.  L.,  and  G.  G.  Montgomery.  "Dispersal  and  Social  Contact  Among 

Red  Foxes:  Results  from  Telemetry  and  Computer  Simulation."  In  The  Wild 

Canids:  Their  Systematics,  Behavioral  Ecology  and  Evolution,  edited  by  M. 

W.  Fox,  pages  237-246.  Van  Nostrand  Reinhold:  New  York,  1975. 
Wemmer,  C,  and  M.   J.   Fleming.  "Management  of  Meerkats,  Suricata  suri- 

catta,  in  Captivity."  International  Zoo  Yearbook,  volume  15  (1975),  pages 

73-77. 
Wemmer,  C,  and  G.  Johnson.  "Egg-Breaking  Behavior  in  a  Yellow-Throated 

Marten  (Martes  flavigula,  Multelidae:  Carnivora)."  Zeitschruft  fur  Saugetier- 

Kunde,  volume  41,  number  1  (1976),  pages  58-60. 
Wheeler,  J.  W.,  D.  W.  von  Endt,  and  C.  Wemmer.  "5-Thiomethylpentane — 

2,3-dione:  A  Unique  Natural  Product  from  the  Striped  Hyena."  Journal  of 

the  American  Chemical  Society,  volume  97  (1975),  page  441. 
Wurster-Hill,  D.  H.,  and  C.  W.  Gray.  "The  Interrelationships  of  Chromosome 

Banding    Patterns    in    Procyonids,    Viverrids,    and    Felids."    Cytogenetics, 

volume  15  (1975),  pages  306-331. 
Xanten,   W.   A.,  H.   Kafka,   and   E.   Olds.   "Breeding   the  Binturong,   Arctictis 

binturong,  at  the  National  Zoological  Park."  International  Zoo  Yearbook, 

volume  16  (1976),  pages  117-120. 

RADIATION  BIOLOGY  LABORATORY 

Adovasio,  J.  M.,  J.  D.  Gunn,  J.  Donahue,  and  R.  Stuckenrath.  "Excavations  at 
Meadowcroft  Rockshelter  1973-1974:  A  Progress  Report."  Pennsylvania 
Archaeologist,  volume  45,  number  3  (1975),  pages  3-30. 

Correll,  David  L.,  Maria  A.  Faust,  and  David  J.  Severn.  "Phosphorus 
Flux  and  Cycling  in  Estuaries."  In  Estuarine  Research,  edited  by  L.  Eugene 
Cronin,  volume  1.  Chemistry  and  Biology,  October  1975. 

.  "Phosphorus  Flux  and  Cycling  in  Estuaries."  In  Estuarine  Research, 

edited  by  L.  Eugene  Cronin,  volume  1,  pages  108-136.  New  York:  Academic 
Press,  1975. 

Correll,  David  L.,  and  Joseph  J.  Miklas.  "Phosphorus  Cycling  in  a  Maryland 
Deciduous  Forest  Subjected  to  Various  Levels  of  Mineral-Nutrient  Loading." 
In  Mineral  Cycling  in  Southeastern  Ecosystems,  edited  by  F.  G.  Howell,  J.  B. 
Gentry  and  M.  H.  Smiths.  ERDA  Symposium  Series  (Conf-740513). 

Correll,  David  L.,  J.  W.  Pierce,  and  Maria  A.  Faust.  "A  Quantitative  Study  of 
the  Nutrient,  Sediment,  and  Coliform  Bacterial  Constituents  of  Water 
Runoff  from  the  Rhode  River  Watershed."  In  Non-Point  Sources  of  Water 
Pollution,  Southeastern  Regional  Conference,  Blacksburg,  Virginia,  May  1-2, 
1975. 

De  Fabo,  Edward  C,  Roy  W.  Harding,  and  W.  Shropshire,  Jr.  "Action  Spec- 
trum Between  260  and  800  Nanometers  for  the  Photoinduction  of  Carotenoid 
Biosynthesis  in  Neurospora  crassa."  Plant  Physiology,  volume  57  (1976), 
pages  440-445. 

Gantt,  Elisabeth.  "Phycobilisome:  Light-Harvesting  Pigment  Complexes."  Bio- 
Science,  volume  56  (1975),  pages  781-788. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  363 


.  "Plant  Cell  Ribosomes  and  Endoplasmic  Reticulum."  In  Cell  Biology: 

Biological  Handbook,  edited  by  P.  L.  Altman  and  D.  D.  Katz,  volume  1, 
pages  239-240.  FASEB,  Bethesda,  Maryland,  1976. 

Gantt,  Elisabeth,  Claudia  A.  Lipschultz,  and  Barbara  Zilinskas.  "Further  Evi- 
dence for  a  Phycobilisome  Model  from  Selective  Dissociation,  Fluorescence 
Emission,  Immunoprecipitation,  and  Electron  Microscopy."  Biochimica  et 
Biophysica  Acta,  volume  430  (1976),  pages  375-388. 

Klein,  William  H.,  and  J.  R.  Hickey,  editors.  Solar  Radiation  Measurements 
and  Instrumentation,  Proceedings  of  a  Symposium,  November  13-15,  1973. 
U.  S.  Govt.  Printing  Office  0-588-552,  1975,  481  pages. 

Macintyre,  Ian  G.,  Blake  W.  Blackwelder,  Lynton  S.  Land,  and  Robert  Stuck- 
enrath.  "North  Carolina  Shelf-edge  Sandstone:  Environment  of  Origin  and 
Relationship  to  Pre-existing  Sea  Levels."  Geological  Society  of  America 
Bulletin,  volume  86  (1975),  pages  1073-1078. 

Margulies,  Maurice  M.,  and  Allan  Michaels.  "Free  and  Membrane-bound 
Chloroplast  Polyribosomes  in  Ch.lamydom.onas  reinhardtii."  Biochimica  et 
Biophysica  Acta,  volume  402  (1975),  pages  297-308. 

Michaels,  A.,  and  M.  M.  Margulies.  "Membrane-bound  Ribosomes  in  Chloro- 
plasts.  Possible  Role  in  Membrane  Biosynthesis."  In  Molecular  Biology  of 
Nucleocytoplasmic  Relationships,  edited  by  S.  Puiseux-Dao,  pages  53-60. 
Elsevier  Scientific  Publishing  Co.,  The  Netherlands,  1975. 

Raven,  C.  W.,  and  W.  Shropshire,  Jr.  "Photoregulation  of  logarithmic  Fluence- 
response  Curves  for  Phytochrome  Control  of  Chlorophyll  Formation  in 
Pisum  sativum  L."  Photochemistry  and  Photobiology,  volume  21  (1975), 
pages  423-429. 

Smith,  William  O.,  Jr.,  and  David  L.  Correll.  "Phytochrome:  A  Reexamination 
of  the  Quaternary  Structure."  Plant  Physiology,  volume  56  (1975),  pages 
340-343. 

Stanley,  Daniel  Jean,  Andres  Maldonado,  and  Robert  Stuckenrath.  "Strait  of 
Sicily  Depositional  Rates  and  Patterns,  and  Possible  Reversal  of  Currents 
in  the  Late  Quaternary."  Palaeo geography,  Palaeoclimatology ,  Palaeoeco- 
logy,  volume  18  (1975),  pages  279-291. 

SMITHSONIAN  ASTROPHYSICAL  OBSERVATORY 

(Including  Contributions  from  Harvard  Members  of  the 
Center  for  Astrophysics) 
Aarseth,   S.   J.,   and   M.   Lecar.   "Computer   Simulations   of   Stellar   Systems." 

Annual  Reviews  of  Astronomy  and  Astrophysics,  volume  13  (1975),  pages 

1-22. 
Aksnes,  K.  "Jupiter's  Nye  Maane  (Jupiter's  New  Moon)."  Astronomisk  Tids- 

skrift,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  159-162. 
.  "Short-Period  and  Long-Period  Perturbations  of  a  Spherical  Satellite 

Due  to  Direct  Solar  Radiation."  Celestial  Mechanics,  volume  13  (1976),  pages 

89-104. 
Aksnes,  K.,  and  F.  A.  Franklin,  "de  Sitter's  Theory  'Melts'  Europa's  Polar  Cap." 

Nature  (Letter),  volume  258  (1975),  pages  503-505. 
.   "Mutual   Phenomena   of   the   Galilean   Satellites   in    1973,    III.    Final 

Results   from  91   Light  Curves."  Astronomical  Journal,  volume   81    (1976), 

pages  464-481. 
Aksnes,   K.,   and  B.   G.   Marsden.   "The  Orbit  of   Jupiter   XIII."   Division   of 

Dynamical    Astronomy    of    the    American    Astronomical    Society,    Tampa, 

Florida,  December  1974.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical 

Society,  volume  7  (1975),  pages  342-343. 
.  "The  Orbit  of  a  Probable  Fourteenth  Satellite  of  Jupiter."  Dynamical 


364  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Astronomy  Division  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
Pasadena,  California,  December  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American 
Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  433. 

Avrett,  E.  H.,  editor.  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics,  551  pages.  Cambridge:  Harvard 
University  Press,  1976. 

Avrett,  E.  H.,  J.  E.  Vernazza,  and  J.  Linsky.  "Excitation  and  Ionization  of 
Helium  in  the  Solar  Atmosphere."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume 
207  (1976),  pages  L199-L204. 

Ayres,  T.  R.,  and  H.  R.  Johnson.  "The  Mass  of  Arcturus."  148th  Meeting  of 
the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania,  June  1976. 
[Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976), 
page  303. 

Ayres,  T.  R.,  and  J.  L.  Linsky.  "The  Mg  II  h  and  k  Lines  II.  Comparison  with 
Synthesized  Profiles  and  Ca  II  K."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  205 
(1976),  pages  874-894. 

Bahcall,  J.  N.,  N.  A.  Bahcall,  S.  Murray,  and  M.  Schmidt.  "Optical  Studies  of 
10  High  Galactic  Latitude  X-Ray  Sources."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters), 
volume  199  (1975),  pages  L9-L11. 

Bahcall,  J.,  P.  Charles,  P.  Davison,  E.  Kellogg,  P.  Sanford,  and  D.  York.  "Coper- 
nicus X-Ray  Observations  of  3U0750-49."  Monthly  Notices  of  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Society,  volume  171  (1975),  pages  41P-46P. 

Baliunas,  S.  L.,  A.  K.  Dupree,  and  J.  B.  Lester.  "Optical  and  Ultraviolet  Ob- 
servations of  Lambda  Andromedae."  148th  Meeting  of  the  American 
Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania,  June  1976.  [Abstract] 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976),  pages  353. 

Ball,  J.  A.  "Comment  on  'Simple  Iterative  Procedures  for  Solving  Transcenden- 
tal Equations  with  the  Electronic  Slide  Rule.'  "  American  Journal  of  Physics, 
volume  44/5  (1976),  pages  488-490. 

.  "Measurements  with  Radio-Frequency  Spectrometers."  In  Methods  of 

Experimental  Physics,  volume  12C,  edited  by  M.  L.  Meeks,  pages  46-57. 
New  York:  Academic  Press,  1976. 

Basu,  A.,  and  J.  Bower.  "Major  Element  Chemistry  of  Lunar  Agglutinitic 
Glass."  Spring  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Geophysical  Union,  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  April  1976.  [Abstract]  EOS,  Transactions  of  the  American 
Geophysical  Union,  volume  57  (1976),  page  273. 

.  "Pyroxenes  from  Apollo  15  Mare  Soils:  Implications   to  Provenance 

Studies."  Conference  on  the  Origin  of  Mare  Basalts,  Houston,  Texas,  Nov- 
ember 1975.  [Abstract]  In  Origin  of  Mare  Basalts,  pages  6-10.  Houston, 
Texas:  The  Lunar  Science  Institute,  1975. 

Basu,  A.,  D.  J.  DesMarais,  J.  M.  Hayes,  and  W.  G.  Meinschein.  "Integrated 
Investigation  of  the  Mixed  Origin  of  Lunar  Sample  72161,11."  The  Moon, 
volume  14  (1975),  pages  129-138. 

Basu,  A.,  D.  J.  DesMarais,  and  W.  G.  Meinschein.  "Evolution  of  Lunar  Soil 
and  Enrichment  of  C,  H,  and  Other  Solar  Wind  Implanted  Elements  in 
Agglutinates."  7th  Lunar  Science  Conference,  Houston,  Texas,  March  1976. 
[Abstract]  In  Lunar  Science  VII,  pages  38-40.  Houston,  Texas:  The  Lunar 
Science  Institute,  1976. 

Basu,  A.,  and  L.  J.  Suttner.  "Use  of  Structural  State  of  Alkali  Feldspars  in 
Provenance  Interpretation."  Proceedings  of  the  IXme  Congress  of  Interna- 
tional Sedimentology,  Nice,  Th.  3  (1975),  pages  1-8. 

Basu,  A.,  and  C.  J.  Vitaliano.  "Sanidine  from  the  Mesa  Falls  Tuff,  Ashton, 
Idaho."  American  Mineralogist,  volume  61  (1976),  pages  405-408. 

Basu,  A.,  S.  W.  Young,  L.  J.  Suttner,  W.  C.  James,  and  G.  H.  Mack.  "Re-Evalu- 
ation of  the  Use  of  Undulatory  Extinction  and  Polycrystallinity  in  Detrital 
Quartz  for  Provenance  Interpretation."  Journal  of  Sedimentary  Petrology, 
volume  45  (1975),  pages  873-882. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   365 


Bell,  B.  "Climate  and  the  History  of  Egypt:  The  Middle  Kingdom."  In  American 
Journal  of  Archaeology,  volume  79,  1975,  pages  223-269. 

Bell,  B.,  and  G.  Noci.  "Coronal  Holes  as  M-Regions:  Correlation  between 
Solar  Features  and  Solar  Wind  Disturbances."  Osservazioni  e  Memorie 
Osservatorio  di  Arcetri,  Number  104  (1975),  pages  111-119. 

.  "Intensity  of  the  Fe  XV  Emission-Line  Corona,  the  Level  of  Geo- 
magnetic Activity,  and  the  Velocity  of  the  Solar  Wind."  Journal  of  Geo- 
physical Research,  volume  81  (1976),  pages  4508-4516. 

Bernard,  C,  A.  Duncan,  J.  LoSecco,  and  S.  Weinberg.  "Exact  Spectral  Function 
Sum  Rules."  Physical  Review,  volume  12D  (1975),  pages  792-804. 

Black,  J.  H.,  E.  J.  Chaisson,  J.  H.  Ball,  H.  Penfield,  and  A.  E.  Lilley.  "9-cm  CH 
Emission  in  Comet  Kohoutek  (1973f)."  In  Proceedings  of  Comet  Kohoutek 
Workshop,  nasa  SP-355,  edited  by  G.  Z.  Gary,  pages  135-136.  Huntsville, 
Alabama:  Space  Sciences  Laboratory,  Marshall  Space  Flight  Center,  1975. 

Black,  J.  H.,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Interstellar  H>:The  Population  of  Excited  Rota- 
tional States  and  the  Infrared  Response  to  Ultraviolet  Radiation."  Astro- 
physical  Journal,  volume  203  (1976),  pages  132-142. 

Black,  J.  H.,  A.  Dalgarno,  and  M.  Oppenheimer.  "The  Formation  of  CH+  in 
Interstellar  Clouds."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  633- 
636. 

Boksenberg,  A.,  B.  Kirkham,  M.  Pettini,  B.  Bates,  P.  P.  D.  Carson,  P.  L. 
Dufton,  and  C.  D.  McKeith.  "Interstellar  Magnesium  Absorption  in  the 
Directions  of  Four  Unreddened  Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters), 
volume  202  (1975),  pages  L91-L96. 

Bottcher,  C,  T.  C.  Cravens,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Collision  Broadening  and 
Relaxation  of  the  Resonance  Lines  of  Lithium  and  Sodium  in  Helium  Gas." 
Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London,  Series  A,  volume  346  (1975), 
pages  157-170. 

Bottcher,  C,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Model  Potential  Calculations  of  Potential 
Energies  of  Excited  States  of  Li2."  Chemical  Physics  Letters,  volume  36 
(1975),  pages  137-144. 

Bottcher,  C,  K.  K.  Docken,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Collision  Broadening  of  Mg+ 
and  Mg  by  He."  Journal  of  Physics  B,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  1756-1764. 

Bradt,  H.,  W.  Mayer,  J.  Buff,  G.  W.  Clark,  R.  Doxsey,  D.  Hearn,  G.  Jernigan, 
P.  C.  Joss,  B.  Laufer,  W.  Lewing,  F.  Li,  T.  Matilsky,  J.  McClintock,  F.  Primini, 
S.  Rappaport,  and  H.  Schnopper.  "The  Transient  Periodic  X-Ray  Source  in 
Taurus,  A0535-(-26."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  204  (1976), 
pages  L67-L71. 

Brinkman,  A.,  J.  Heise,  R.  Mewe,  A.  den  Boggende,  J.  Schrijver,  E.  Gronen- 
schild,  Y.  Tanaka,  D.  R.  Parsignault,  J.  Grindlay,  E.  J.  Schreier,  H.  Schnopper, 
and  H.  Gursky.  "Spectral  and  Intensity  Variations  in  Cygnus  X-3  by  the 
Astronomical  Netherlands  Satellite."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science,  vol- 
ume 42  (1976),  pages  201-204. 

Cameron,  A.  G.  W.  "The  Role  of  Dust  in  Cosmogony."  In  The  Dusty  Universe, 
edited  by  G.  B.  Field  and  A.  G.  W.  Cameron,  pages  1-31.  New  York:  Neale 
Watson  Academic  Publications,  1975. 

.  "The  Origin  and  Evolution  of  the  Solar  System.  "Scientific  American, 

volume  233  (1975),  pages  32-41. 

.  "Solar  Models  in  Relation  to  Terrestrial-Climatic  Variations."  In  Pos- 


sible Relationships  between  Solar  Activity  and  Meteorological  Phenomena, 
nasa  SP-366,  edited  by  W.  R.  Bandeen  and  S.  P.  Maran,  pages  143-147. 
nasa:  Washington,  D.C,  1975. 

"Endpoints  of  Stellar  Evolution."  In  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics,  edited 


by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  118-146.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press,  1976. 
Cameron,  A.  G.  W.,  and  J.  B.  Pollack.  "On  the  Origin  of  the  Solar  System  and 


366   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


of  Jupiter  and  its  Satellites."  In  Jupiter,  edited  by  T.  Gehrels,  pages  61-84. 
Tucson:  University  of  Arizona  Press,  1976. 

Cameron,  A.  G.  W.,  and  W.  R.  Ward.  "Origin  of  the  Moon."  [Abstract] 
Seventh  Lunar  Science  Conference,  Part  1  (1976),  pages  120-122. 

Cerjan,  C,  K.  Kirby-Docken,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Potential  Curves  and  Molec- 
ular Properties  of  Na2."  Chemical  Physics  Letters,  volume  38  (1976),  pages 
401-404. 

Chaffee,  F.  H.,  Jr.  "Line  Spectra  in  Interstellar  Clouds  II,  CH  and  CH+  in 
Ophiuchus."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  379-382. 

Chaffee,  F.  H.,  Jr.,  and  D.  J.  Schroeder.  "Astronomical  Applications  of  Echelle 
Spectroscopy."  Annual  Review  of  Astronomy  and  Astrophysics,  volume  14 
(1976),  pages  23-42. 

Chaisson,  E.  J.  "Microwave  Observations  of  the  Rho  Ophiuchus  Dark  Cloud." 
Astrophysical  Journal  {Letters),  volume  197  (1975),  pages  L65-L68. 

.  "Gaseous  Nebulae  and  Their  Interstellar  Environment."  In  frontiers 

of  Astrophysics,  edited  by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  259-351.  Cambridge:  Harvard 
University  Press,  1976. 

Chaisson,  E.  J.,  and  C.  A.  Beichman.  "Further  Evidence  for  Magnetism  in  the 
Orion  Region."  Astrophysical  Journal  {Letters),  volume  199  (1975),  pages 
L39-L42. 

Chaisson,  E.  J.,  and  M.  A.  Dopita.  "A  Dual  Radio-Optical  Spectroscopic  Study 
of  the  Orion  Nebula."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  465. 

Chaisson,  E.  J.,  R.  I.  Ingalls,  A.  E.  E.  Rogers,  and  I.  I.  Shapiro.  "An  Upper 
Limit  on  the  Radar  Cross-Section  of  Comet  Kohoutek."  In  Proceedings  of 
Comet  Kohoutek  Workshop,  edited  by  G.  A.  Gary,  pages  189-191.  Hunts- 
ville,  Alabama:  Space  Sciences  Laboratory,  Marshall  Space  Flight  Center, 
1975. 

Chaisson,  E.  J.,  and  R.  F.  Willson.  "A  Microwave  Investigation  of  the  Triffid 
Nebula  and  Its  Surrounding  Environment."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume 
199  (1975),  pages  647-659. 

Chu,  S.  I.,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Angular  Distributions  in  the  Elastic  Scattering 
and  Rotational  Excitation  of  Molecular  Hydrogen  by  Atomic  Hydrogen." 
Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  637-641. 

.    "Approximations    for    the    Rotational    Excitation    of    Molecules    by 

Atoms."  Journal  of  Chemical  Physics,  volume  63  (1975),  pages  2115-2118. 

Clark,  G.  W.,  J.  G.  Jernigan,  H.  Bradt,  C.  Canizares,  W.  H.  G.  Lewin,  F.  K.  Li, 
W.  Mayer,  J.  McClintock,  and  H.  Schnopper.  "Recurrent  Brief  X-Ray  Bursts 
from  the  Region  of  the  Globular  Cluster  NGC  6624."  Astrophysical  Journal 
{Letters),  volume  207  (1976),  pages  L105-L108. 

Colombo,  G.,  D.  A.  Arnold,  J.  H.  Binsack,  R.  H.  Gay,  M.  D.  Grossi,  D.  A. 
Lautman,  and  O.  Orringer.  "Dumbbell  Gravity-Gradient  Sensor:  A  New 
Application  of  Orbiting  Long  Tethers."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observa- 
tory Reports  in  Ceoastronomy,  number  2  (June  1976). 

Colombo,  G.,  E.  M.  Gaposchkin,  M.  D.  Grossi,  and  G.  C.  Weiffenbach.  "The 
'Skyhook':  A  Shuttle-Borne  Tool  for  Low-Orbital-Altitude  Research."  Mec- 
canica,  volume  X  (1975),  pages  3-20. 

Cravens,  T.  E.,  G.  A.  Victor,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "The  Absorption  of  Energetic 
Electrons  by  Molecular  Hydrogen  Gas."  Planetary  and  Space  Science, 
volume  23  (1975),  pages  1059-1070. 

Dalgarno,  A.  "Interstellar  Molecular  Absorption  Lines."  Philosophical  Trans- 
actions of  the  Royal  Society  {London),  volume  279A  (1975),  pages  323-329. 

.    "Model    and    Pseudopotential    Calculations."    In    Atomic    Physics    4, 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  367 


edited  by  E.  W.  Weber  and  A.  Einnacker,  pages  325-335.  New  York:  Plenum 
Publishing  Company,  1975. 
.  "Molecular  Processes  in  Interstellar  Clouds."  In  Atomic  and  Molecular 


Processes  in  Astrophysics,  edited  by  M.  C.  E.  Huber  and  H.  Nussbaumer. 
Geneva  Observatory,  Switzerland:  Swiss  Society  of  Astronomy  and  Astro- 
physics, 1975. 

-.  "Chemistry  of  the  Interstellar  Medium."  In  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics, 


edited  by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  352-384.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University 
Press,  1976. 

Davis,  J.  M.,  M.  Gerassimenko,  A.  S.  Krieger,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana.  "The  Inter- 
pretation of  Simultaneous  Soft  X-Ray  Spectroscopic  Imaging  Observations 
of  an  Active  Region."  Solar  Physics,  volume  45  (1975),  pages  393-410. 

Davis,  M.  "Galaxies  and  Cosmology."  In  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics,  edited  by 
E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  472-522.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press,  1976. 

Davis,  M.,  and  M.  J.  Geller.  "Galaxy  Correlations  as  a  Function  of  Morpholog- 
ical Type."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  208  (1976),  pages  13-19. 

Davis,  R.  J.  "The  Celescope  Survey  and  the  Galactic  Distribution  of  Inter- 
stellar Absorption."  Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  (Lon- 
don), volume  279A  (1975),  pages  345-354. 

.  "Ultraviolet  Stellar  Astronomy."  Earth  and  Extraterrestrial  Sciences, 

volume  2  (1976),  pages  229-243. 

de  Jong,  T.,  and  S.  I.  Chu.  "Carbon  Monoxide  in  Collapsing  Interstellar 
Clouds."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  69-78. 

Delvaille,  J.  P.,  H.  Bradt,  J.  Buff,  A.  Epstein,  W.  Mayer,  J.  McClintock,  S.  Rap- 
paport,  and  H.  W.  Schnopper.  "X-Ray  Observations  of  Cen  A."  146th  Meet- 
ing of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August 
1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7 
(1975),  page  443. 

Delvaille,  J.  P.,  H.  W.  Schnopper,  and  A.  R.  Sohval.  "Continuum  X-Ray 
Processes  in  Heavy  Ion  Collisions."  IX  International  Conference  on  the 
Physics  of  Electronic  and  Atomic  Collisions,  Seattle,  Washington,  July  1975. 
[Abstract]  In  Electronic  and  Atomic  Collisions,  ed.  by  J.  S.  Risley  and  R. 
Geballe,  volume  1,  pages  319-320.  Seattle,  Washington:  University  of  Wash- 
ington Press,  1975. 

Des  Marais,  D.  J.,  A.  Basu,  J.  M.  Hayes,  and  W.  G.  Meinschein.  "Evolution 
of  Carbon  Isotopes,  Agglutinates,  and  the  Lunar  Regolith."  In  Proceedings 
of  the  Sixth  Lunar  Science  Conference,  Geochimica  et  Cosmochimica  Acta, 
Supplement  6,  volume  2  (1975),  pages  2353-2373. 

Deutschmann,  W.,  R.  J.  Davis,  and  R.  Schild.  "The  Galactic  Distribution  of 
Interstellar  Absorption  as  Determined  from  the  Celescope  Catalog  of  Ultra- 
violet Stellar  Observations  and  a  New  Catalog  of  UBV  and  H  Photoelectric 
Observations."  Astrophysical  Journal  {Supplement  Series),  number  30  (1976), 
pages  97-225. 

Dickinson,  D.  "CO  Observations  of  Compact  Galactic  H  II  Regions."  146th 
Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California, 
August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
volume  7  (1975),  page  401. 

.  "Water  Emission  in  Infrared  Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Supple- 
ment Series),  number  30  (1976),  pages  259-271. 

Dickinson,  D.,  C.  A.  Gottlieb,  E.  W.  Gottlieb,  and  M.  M.  Litvak.  "Observa- 
tions of  Interstellar  Silicon  Monoxide."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  206 
(1976),  pages  79-83. 

Dickinson,  D.,  E.  Kollberg,  and  S.  Yngvesson.  "Further  Work  on  the  Correla- 
tion of  Period  with  OH  Radial  Velocity  Pattern."  Astrophysical  Journal, 
volume  199  (1975),  pages  131-134. 


368   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Dobrowlny,  M.,  G.  Colombo,  and  M.  D.  Grossi.  "Electrodynamics  of  Long 
Tethers  in  the  Near-Earth  Environment."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Ob- 
servatory Reports  in  Geoastronomy,  number  3  (June  1976). 

Doxsey,  R.,  H.  Bradt,  J.  Buff,  J.  Delvaille,  G.  Jernigan,  A.  Levine,  W.  Mayer,  S. 
Rappaport,  and  H.  Schnopper.  "Precise  Positions  of  Galactic  X-Ray  Sources." 
146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California, 
August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
volume  7  (1975),  page  416. 

Doxsey,  R.,  G.  Jernigan,  D.  Hearn,  H.  Bradt,  J.  Buff,  G.  W.  Clark,  J.  Delvaille, 
A.  Epstein,  P.  Joss,  T.  Matilsky,  W.  Mayer,  J.  McClintock,  S.  Rappaport, 
J.  Richardson,  and  H.  Schnopper.  "X-Ray  Nova  A0600-00:  Celestial  Position 
and  0.4-0.8  keV  Flux."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  203  (1976), 
pages  L9-L12. 

Driver,  R.  D.  "A  Measurement  of  the  3p  Subshell  Photoionization  Cross 
Section  of  Potassium."  Journal  of  Physics  B,  volume  9  (1976),  pages  817-827. 

Driver,  R.  D.,  and  J.  E.  G.  Wheaton.  "Photoionization  Cross  Sections  of  Metal 
Vapors  below  50  nm;  An  Apparatus  for  their  Measurement."  Applied 
Optics,  volume  15  (1976),  pages  700-702. 

.  "The  Broadening  of  the  Calcium  Resonance  Line  in  a  High  Tempera- 
ture Helium  Atmosphere."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  208  (1976),  pages 
518-524. 

Dupree,  A.  "Ultraviolet  Observations  of  Alpha  Aurigae  from  Copernicus." 
Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  200  (1975),  pages  L27-L31. 

.  "Ultraviolet  Observations  from  I.U.E."  In  X-Ray  Binaries,  nasa  SP-389, 

edited  by  Y.  Kondo  and  E.  Boldt,  page  747.  nasa:  Washington,  D.C.,  1976. 
"Highly   Ionized   Atoms   in   Astrophysics."   1976   Spring   Meeting   of 


the  American  Physical   Society,  Washington,  D.C.,  April  1976.    [Abstract] 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Physical  Society,  volume  21  (1976),  page  509. 
-.  "Empirical  Evidence  of  Mass  Motions  in  Stellar  Chromospheres  and 


Coronas."  In  Proceedings,  CNRS  Colloquium  on  the  Physics  of  Motions  in 
Stellar  Atmospheres,  Physique  des  Mouvements  dans  les  Atmospheres  Stel- 
laires,  edited  by  R.  Cayrel  and  M.  Steinberg,  pages  439-451.  Paris:  CNRS, 
1976. 

Dupree,  A.  K.,  and  S.  Baliunas.  "The  Chromosphere  and  Corona  of  Capella." 
147th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Chicago,  Illinois, 
December  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
volume  8  (1976)  page  397. 

Dupree,  A.  K.,  P.  Foukal,  and  C.  Jordan.  "Ultraviolet  Observations  of  C  III 
Transitions  in  the  Sun."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  292. 

Dupree,  A.  K.,  and  J.  B.  Lester.  "High  Dispersion  Spectroscopic  Observations 
of  HD  153919  (3U  1700  37)."  X-Ray  Binaries,  nasa  SP-389,  edited  by  Y. 
Kondo  and  E.  Boldt,  pages  539-549.  nasa:  Washington,  D.C.,  1976. 

Dupree,  A.  K.,  and  H.  Shipman.  "Measurement  of  the  Interstellar  Hydrogen 
Density  Towards  Alpha  Centauri."  147th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astro- 
nomical Society,  Chicago,  Illinois,  December  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of 
the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976),  pages  394. 

Eachus,  L.  J.,  and  W.  Liller.  "Photometric  Histories  of  QSOs:  3C  279,  The 
Most  Variable  and  Possibly  Most  Luminous  QSO  Yet  Studied."  Astrophysi- 
cal Journal  (Letters),  volume  200  (1975),  pages  L61-L62. 

Elmergreen,  B.  "The  Ionization  of  Cloud  and  Intercloud  Hydrogen  by  O  and 
B  Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  205  (1976),  pages  405-418. 

.  "The  Ionization  of  a  Low  Density  Intercloud  Medium  by  a  Single  O 

Star."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Supplement  Series),  number  17  (1976),  pages 
147-169. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  369 


Elmergreen,  B.,  and  D.  C.  Morton.  Velocity  Dispersions  In  Galaxies  V:  The 
Nuclei  of  M  31  and  M  32."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  205  (1976),  pages 
63-73. 

Epstein,  R.  I.,  and  W.  D.  Arnett.  "Neutronization  and  Thermal  Disintegration 
of  Dense  Stellar  Matter."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  201  (1975),  pages 
202-211. 

Epstein,  R.  I.,  W.  D.  Arnett,  and  D.  N.  Schramm.  "Synthesis  of  the  Light 
Elements  in  Supernovae."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Supplement  Series),  volume 
31,  number  1  (1976),  pages  111-141. 

Epstein,  A.,  G.  Clark,  J.  Delvaille,  R.  Doxsey,  G.  Jernigan,  W.  Mayer,  F. 
Primini,  and  H.  W.  Schnopper.  "Precise  Positions  of  Several  High  Galactic 
Latitude  X-Ray  Sources."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  416. 

Fazio,  G.  G.  "Infrared  Astronomy."  In  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics,  edited  by 

E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  203-258.   Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press,  1976. 
Fazio,  G.  G.,  D.  E.  Kleinmann,  R.  W.  Noyes,  E.  Wright,  M.   Zeilik  II,  and 

F.  J.  Low.  "High  Resolution  Map  of  the  W"3  Region  at  Far-Infrared  Wave- 
lengths." Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  199  (1975),  pages  L177- 
L180. 

Fazio,  G.  G.,  and  F.  W.  Stecker.  "Prediction  of  the  Diffuse  Far-Infrared  Flux 
from  the  Galactic  Plane."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  207 
(1976),  pages  L49-L52. 

Fazio,  G.  G.,  E.  L.  Wright,  and  F.  J.  Low.  "Flight  Performance  of  the  102-cm 
Balloon-Borne  Far-Infrared  Telescope."  In  Far-Infrared  Astronomy,  Proceed- 
ings of  a  Conference  Held  at  Cumberland  Lodge,  Windsor,  United  King- 
dom, edited  by  M.  Rowan-Robinson,  pages  21-31.  Oxford,  England:  Perga- 
mon,  1976. 

.  "Flight  Performance  of  the  102-cm  Balloon-Borne  Far-Infrared  Tele- 
scope." 146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego, 
California,  August  1975  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  408. 

Fazio,  G.,  E.  Wright,  M.  Zeilik,  and  F.  Low.  "A  Far-Infrared  Map  of  the 
Ophiuchus  Dark  Cloud  Region."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  206 
(1976),  pages  L165-L169. 

.   "A   Far-Infrared   Source  in   the   Rho   Ophiucus   Dark   Cloud."   146th 

Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California, 
August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
volume  7  (1975),  pages  440-441. 

Field,  G.  B.  "Heating  and  Ionization  of  the  Interstellar  Medium;  Star  Forma- 
tion." In  Atomic  and  Molecular  Physics  and  the  Interstellar  Medium,  edited 
by  R.  Balian,  P.  Encrenaz,  and  J.  Lequeux,  pages  469-531.  Amsterdam: 
North-Holland  Publishing  Company,  1975. 

.   "Heating   of   the   Universe   by   Quasars."   Symposium    on    the   Early 

Evolution  of  the  Universe,  University  of  North  Carolina,  Chapel  Hill,  North 
Carolina,  March  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  516. 

"Hot  Gas  in  and  between  Galaxies."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science, 


volume  38  (1975),  pages  167-190. 

"The  Mass   of  the   Universe:   Intergalactic   Matter."   In   Frontiers   of 


Astrophysics,  edited  by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  523-547.  Cambridge:  Harvard 
University  Press,  1976. 

-.  "Consequences  of  a  New  Hot  Component  of  the  Interstellar  Medium. 


Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  205  (1976),  pages  762-765. 
Field,  G.  B.,  and  A.  G.  W.  Cameron,  editors.  The  Dusty  Universe.  New  York: 
Neale  Watson  Academic  Publications,  Inc.,  1975,  323  pages. 


370  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Fireman,  E.  L.  "Solar-Wind  Tritium  Limit  and  the  Mixing  Rate  of  the  Solar 
Atmosphere."  Astro-physical  Journal,  volume  205  (1976),  pages  268-272. 

Fireman,  E.  L.,  J.  D'Amico,  and  J.  DeFelice.  "Solar-Wind  Tritium  Limit  and 
Nuclear  Processes  in  the  Solar  Atmosphere."  In  Proceedings  of  the  Sixth 
Lunar  Science  Conference,  Ceochimica  et  Cosmochimica  Acta,  Supplement 
6,  volume  2  (1975),  pages  1811-1821. 

.  "Evidence  for  Carbon-14  in  the  Solar  Wind."  7th  Lunar  Science  Con- 
ference, Houston,  Texas,  March  1976.  [Abstract]  In  Lunar  Science  VII,  page 
257.  Houston,  Texas:  Lunar  Science  Institute,  1976. 

Flannery,  B.  P.,  and  R.  K.  Ulrich.  "The  Early  Evolution  of  X-Ray  Binary  Stars." 
148th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Penn- 
sylvania, June  1976.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  315. 

Ford,  A.  L.,  and  K.  Kirby-Docken.  "Ion  Kinetic  Energy  Distributions  from  Dis- 
sociative Photoionization  of  H>."  Journal  of  Chemical  Physics,  volume  62 
(1975),  pages  4955-4957. 

Ford,  A.  L.,  K.  Kirby-Docken,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Cross  Sections  for  Photo- 
ionization of  Vibrationally  Excited  Molecular  Hydrogen."  Astro-physical 
Journal,  volume  200  (1975),  pages  788-789. 

Forman,  W.,  and  C.  Jones.  "Uhuru  Observations  of  an  X-Ray  Burst  at  High 
Galactic  Latitude  Centered  on  the  Globular  Cluster  NGC  1851."  Astrophysi- 
cal  Journal  {Letters),  volume  207  (1976),  pages  L177-L180. 

Forman,  W.,  C.  Jones,  and  H.  Tananbaum.  "Uhuru  Observations  of  the  Galac- 
tic Plane  in  1970,  1971,  and  1972."  Astrophysical  Journal  {Letters),  volume 
206  (1976),  pages  L29-L35. 

.  "Uhuru  Observations  of  a  Transient  X-Ray  Source  Associated  with  the 

Globular  Cluster  NGC  6440."  Astrophysical  Journal   {Letters),  volume  207 
(1976),  pages  L25-L27. 

"Survey  of   Intensity  Variability   of   Strong   Galactic  X-Ray   Sources 


from  Uhuru."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  208  (1976),  pages  849-862. 

Foukal,  P.  V.  "The  Temperature  Structure  and  Pressure  Balance  of  Active 
Region  Loops."  Solar  Physics,  volume  43  (1976),  pages  327-336. 

.   "Spectroscopic  Evidence  for  a  Higher  Rotation  Rate  of  Magnetized 

Plasma  at  the  Solar  Photosphere."  Astrophysical  Journal  {Letters),  volume 
203  (1976),  pages  145-148. 

Foukal,  P.,  and  J.  R.  Jokipii.  'On  the  Rotation  of  Gas  and  Magnetic  Fields  at 
the  Solar  Photosphere."  Astrophysical  Journal  {Letters),  volume  199  (1975), 
pages  L71-93. 

Franklin,  F.  A.,  B.  G.  Marsden,  J.  G.  Williams,  and  C.  M.  Bardwell.  "Minor 
Planets  and  Comets  in  Libration  about  2:1  Resonance  with  Jupiter."  Astro- 
nomical Journal,  volume  80  (1975),  pages  729-746. 

Freeman,  R.  R.,  E.  M.  Mattison,  D.  E.  Pritchard,  and  P.  Kleppner.  "The  Spin- 
Rotation  Interaction  in  the  van  der  Waals  Molecular  KAr."  Journal  of 
Chemical  Physics,  volume  64  (1976),  pages  1194-1203. 

Frogel,  J.,  D.  Dickinson,  and  A.  Hyland.  "CO  in  the  Infrared  and  Radio 
Spectra  of  Carbon  Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  201  (1975),  pages 
392-396. 

Frogel,  J.  A.,  S.  E.  Persson,  D.  F.  Dickinson,  and  E.  J.  Chaisson.  "CO  Observa- 
tions of  Compact  Galactic  H  II  Regions."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American 
Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract] 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  401. 

Ganeko,  Y.  "Astrogeodetic  Geoid  of  Japan."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Ob- 
servatory Special  Report,  number  372  (March  1976). 

Gaposchkin,  E.  M.  "Dynamic  Satellite  Geodesy."  Reviews  of  Geophysics  and 
Space  Physics,  volume  13  (1975),  pages  286-287. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   371 


.  "Literal  Algebra  for  Satellite  Dynamics."  In  Satellite  Dynamics,  edited 

by  G.  E.  O.  Giacaglia,  pages  170-179.  Berlin:  Springer- Verlag,  1975. 

Gay,  R.  H.,  and  M.  D.  Grossi.  "Doppler  Measurements  of  the  Ionosphere  on 
the  Occasion  of  the  Apollo-Soyuz  Test  Project.  Part  II:  Inversion  of  Differ- 
ential and  Rotating  Doppler  Shifts."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observa- 
tory Special  Report,  number  367  (July  1975). 

Geller,  M.  J.,  and  P.  J.  E.  Peebles.  "Bright  Galaxies  in  Rich  Clusters:  A  Sta- 
tistical Model  for  Magnitude  Distributions."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume 
206   (1976),  pages  939-957. 

Gerdes,  C,  D.  Hartman,  C.  Y.  Fan,  and  T.  C.  Weekes.  "A  Measurement  of 
the  Cosmic  Ray  Energy  Spectrum  from  10u  to  1015  eV."  In  Proceedings  of 
the  14th  International  Cosmic  Ray  Conference,  volume  8  (1975),  page  3040. 

Giacconi,  R.  "High  Energy  Astronomy."  In  Science  Year,  World  Book  Encyclo- 
pedia, pages  240-242.  Chicago:  Field  Enterprises  Educational  Corp.,  1976. 

Gingerich,  O.  "The  Forgeries  of  'Abd  al-A'imma's  Astrolabes."  In  Proceedings 
of  the  XIHth  International  Congress  of  the  History  of  Science,  Moscow, 
1971,  Sections  III,  IV,  pages  141-142. 

.    "Copernicus    and    the    Impact    of    Printing."    Vistas    in    Astronomy, 

volume  17   (1975),  pages  201-214. 

-.  "The  Sun."  In  Man  and  Cosmos,  edited  by  J.  Cornell  and  E.  N.  Hayes, 


pages  37-49.  New  York:  W.  W.  Norton  and  Co.,  1975. 

'Introductory  Remarks  on  the  Astronomy  of  Copernicus."  In  Avant, 


Avec,  Apres  Copernic,  pages  101-104.  (Semaine  de  Synthase  XXXI,  Paris, 
1975). 

'Astronomy  Three  Hundred  Years  Ago."  Nature,  volume  255  (1975), 


pages  602-606. 

"Greenwich  Tercentenary   Symposium."  Sky  and  Telescope,  volume 


50  (1975),  pages  217-218. 

-.  "Commentary:  Remarks  on  Copernicus'  Observations."  In  The  Coper- 


nican   Achievement,  edited   by  R.    Westman,  pages   99-107.   Los   Angeles, 
California:  University  of  California  Press,  Berkeley,  1975. 

"Kepler's    Place   in    Astronomy."    Vistas    in    Astronomy,   volume    18 


(1975),  pages  261-278. 

'The  Origins  of  Kepler's  Third  Law."  Vistas  in  Astronomy,  volume  18 


(1975),  pages  595-601. 

Gingerich,  O.,  and  J.  Dobrzycki,  editors.  The  Astronomy  of  Copernicus  and 
Its  Background.  Colloquia  Copernicana  III,  Studia  Copernicana  XIII,  Osso- 
lineum,  Wroclaw,  1975. 

Golub,  L.  A.  S.  Krieger,  J.  K.  Silk,  A.  F.  Timothy,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana.  "Time 
Variations  of  Solar  X-Ray  Bright  Points."  In  Solar,  Gamma-,  X-,  and  EUV 
Radiation,  Proceedings  of  International  Astronomical  Union  Symposium 
No.  68,  edited  by  S.  Kane,  page  23.  Boston:  D.  Reidel  Publishing  Company, 
1975. 

Golub,  L.,  A.  S.  Kreiger,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana.  "Observation  of  a  Nonuniform 
Component  in  the  Distribution  of  Coronal  Bright  Points"  (research  note). 
Solar  Physics,  volume  42  (1975),  page  131. 

.  "Emergence  of  Small-Scale  Magnetic  Fields  on  the  Sun."  148th  Meet- 
ing of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania,  June 
1976.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8 
(1976),  page  333. 

Gorenstein,  P.  "Interstellar  Absorption  and  Variable  Soft  X-Ray  Component 
in  Cygnus  X-l."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science,  volume  42  (1976),  pages 
189-192. 

Gorenstein,  P.,  H.  Helmken,  and  H.  Gursky.  "Localization  of  Gamma-Ray 
Bursts  with  Wide  Field  Multiple  Pinhole  Camera  System  in  Near  Earth 
Orbit."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science,  volume  42  (1976),  pages  89-97. 


372   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Gorenstein,  P.,  K.  Topka,  D.  Fabricant,  and  F.  R.  Harnden,  Jr.  "Soft  X-Ray 
Structure  of  the  Perseus  Cluster  of  Galaxies."  Washington  Meeting  of  the 
American  Physical  Society,  April  1976.  [Abstract]  American  Physical 
Society,  volume  21  (1976),  page  544. 

Gorenstein,  P.,  and  W.  Tucker.  "Soft  X-Ray  Sources."  Annual  Review  of 
Astronomy  and  Astrophysics,  volume  14  (1976),  pages  373-416. 

Gottlieb,  C.  A.,  J.  A.  Ball,  E.  W.  Gottlieb,  C.  J.  Lada,  and  H.  Penfield.  "Detec- 
tion of  Interstellar  NS."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  200  (1975), 
pages  L147-L149. 

Gottlieb,  C.  A.,  C.  J.  Lada,  E.  W.  Gottlieb,  A.  E.  Lilley,  and  M.  M.  Litvak. 
"Observations  of  Millimeter-Wave  HCN  in  Four  Prototype  Clouds."  Astro- 
physical  Journal,  volume  202  (1975),  pages  655-672. 

Gottlieb,  E.  W.,  E.  L.  Wright,  and  W.  Liller.  "Optical  Studies  of  Uhuru 
Sources.  XIII.  A  Photometric  Analysis  of  X  Persei  (=  3U  0352  +  30  ?)." 
Astrophysical  Journal  {Letters),  volume  202  (1975),  pages  L13-L14. 

Grindlay,  J.  "ANS  Observations  of  X-Ray  Bursts  from  the  Globular  Cluster 
NGC  6624."  Bulletin  of  the  American  Physical  Society,  volume  21,  page  676. 

.  "Progress  in  Flare  Star  Research."  In   Transactions   of  International 

Astronomical  Union  Commission  27,  Reports  on  Astronomy,  edited  by  G. 
Contopoulos,  pages  130-132,  1976.  Dordrecht-Holland:  D.  Reidel  Publishing 
Company. 

Grindlay,  J.,  and  H.  Gursky.  "Scattering  Model  for  X-Ray  Bursts:  Massive 
Black  Holes  in  Globular  Clusters."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume 
205  (1976),  pages  L131-133. 

.  "Detection  of  X-Ray  Bursts  from  Norma  with  Uhuru."  International 

Astronomical  Union  Circular  2932,  March  26,  1976. 

Grindlay,  J.,  H.  Gursky,  H.  Schnopper,  D.  R.  Parsignault,  J.  Heise,  A.  C.  Brink- 
man,  and  J.  Schrijver.  "Discovery  of  Intense  X-Ray  Bursts  from  the  Globular 
Cluster  NGC  6624."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  205  (1976), 
pages  L127-L130. 

Grindlay,  J.,  and  J.  Heise.  "ANS  Position  for  Rapid  Burst  Sources."  Interna- 
tional Astronomical  Union  Circular  2929,  March  19,  1976. 

.  "Intense  X-Ray  Bursts  from  a  Globular  Cluster."  International  Astro- 
nomical Union  Circular  2879,  December  8,  1975. 

Grindlay,  J.  E.,  H.  F.  Helmken,  R.  H.  Brown,  J.  Davis,  and  L.  R.  Allen.  "Results 
of  a  Southern  Hemisphere  Search  for  Gamma  Ray  Sources  at  E-y  —  3  X  10 
eV."  In  Proceedings  of  the  14th  International  Cosmic  Ray  Conference, 
volume  1  (1975),  pages  89-94;  and  also  in  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume 
201  (1975),  pages  82-89. 

Grindlay,  J.  E.,  H.  Schnopper,  E.  J.  Schreier,  H.  Gursky,  and  D.  R.  Parsignault. 
"The  Location  and  Intensity  of  the  X-Ray  Source  Centaurus  A  Observed 
by  the  Astronomical  Netherlands  Satellite."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters), 
volume  201   (1975),  pages  L133-L136. 

.  "Improved  Position  for  the  X-Ray  Source  Associated  with  the  Globular 

Cluster  NGC  6441."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  206  (1976), 
pages  L23-L24. 

Grindlay,  J.  E.,  E.  J.  Schreier,  H.  W.  Schnopper,  H.  Gursky,  and  D.  Parsignault. 
"Observations  of  Extragalactic  X-Ray  Sources  with  ANS."  146th  Meeting 
of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975. 
[Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975), 
page  461. 

Grindlay,  J.,  E.  Schreier,  A.  den  Boggende,  and  A.  Brinkman.  "Upwards  Transi- 
tion of  Cyg  X-l  Detected  by  ANS."  International  Astronomical  Union  Cir- 
cular 2863,  November  10,  1975. 

Grossi,  M.  D.,  and  R.  H.  Gay.  "Doppler  Measurements  of  the  Ionosphere  on 
the  Occasion  of  the  Apollo-Soyuz  Test  Project.  Part  I:  Computer  Simulation 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   373 


ii 


of  Ionospheric-Induced  Doppler  Shifts.    Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observ- 
atory Special  Report,  number  366,  July  1975. 
Guberman,  S.  L.,  and  W.  A.  Goddard*.  "Nature  of  the  Excited  States  of  He2." 

Physical  Review,  volume  12  (1975),  pages  1203-1221. 
Gursky,  H.   "Neutron  Stars,  Black  Holes,  and  Supernovae."  In  Frontiers   of 

Astrophysics,  edited  by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  147-202.  Cambridge:  Harvard 

University  Press,  1976. 
Gursky,  H.,  H.  Schnopper,  and  D.  Parsignault.  "The  Hard  X-Ray  Experiment 

on  the  Astronomical  Netherlands  Satellite."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters), 

volume  201   (1975),  pages  L127-L131. 
Heise,  J.,  A.  C.  Brinkman,  J.  Schrijver,  R.  Mewe,  A.  den  Boggende,  E.  Gronen- 

schild,  D.  Parsignault,  J.  Grindlay,  E.  Schreier,  H.  Schnopper,  and  H.  Gursky. 

"X-Ray  Observation  on  Cygnus  X-l  with  ANS."  Nature,  volume  256  (1975), 

pages  107-108. 
Heise,  J.,  A.  Brinkman,  J.  Schrijver,  R.  Mewe,  E.  Gronenschild,  A.  den  Bog- 
gende,  and  J.   Grindlay.   "Evidence   for  X-Ray   Emission   from   Flare   Stars 

Observed   by   ANS."   Astrophysical  Journal    (Letters),   volume   202    (1975), 

pages  L73-L76. 
Henize,  K.,  and  W.  Liller.  "The  Very  Slow  Nova  He  3-558."  Astrophysical 

Journal,    volume    200    (1975),    pages    674-697. 
Henry,  P.,  S.  Bowyer,  M.  Lampton,  F.  Paresce,  and  R.  Cruddace.  "Limits  on 

the  Space  Density  of  O  Subdwarfs  and  Hot  White  Dwarfs  from  a  Search 

for  Extreme  Ultraviolet  Sources."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  205  (1976), 

pages  426-429. 
Hodge,  P.  W.,  and  F.  W.  Wright.  "Variable  Stars  in  Clusters  of  the  SMC." 

Astronomical  Journal,  volume  80  (1975),  pages  510-511. 
Hougen,  J.  T.,  H.  E.  Radford,  K.  M.  Evenson,  and  C.  J.  Howard.  "Analysis  of 

the   Laser  Magnetic   Resonance   Spectrum   of  HO2."   Journal   of  Molecular 

Spectroscopy,  volume  56  (1975),  pages  210-228. 
Jacchia,  L.  G.  "The  Earth's  Upper  Atmosphere."  Sky  and  Telescope,  volume 

49  (1975),  pages  155-159,  229-232,  and  294-299. 
.  "Some  Thoughts  about  Randomness."  Sky  and  Telescope,  volume  50 

(1975),  pages  371-374. 

"Novae  through  the  (convex)  Looking  Glass."  Journal  of  the  American 


Association  of  Variable  Star  Observers,  volume  4  (1976),  pages  49-54. 

Jacchia,  L.  G.,  and  J.  W.  Slowey.  "A  Catalog  of  Atmospheric  Densities  from 
the  Drag  on  Five  Balloon  Satellites."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observa- 
tory Special  Report,  number  368,  August  1975. 

Jacchia,  L.  G.,  J.  W.  Slowey,  and  U.  von  Zahn.  "Latitudinal  Changes  of  Com- 
position in  the  Disturbed  Thermosphere  from  ESRO  4  Measurements." 
Journal  of  Geophysical  Research,  volume  81  (1976),  pages  36-42. 

Jamieson,  M.,  P.  M.  Kalaghan,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Rotational  Excitation  of  CN 
Molecules  by  Proton  Impact."  Journal  of  Physics  B,  volume  8  (1975),  pages 
2140-2148. 

Johnson,  C,  and  M.  H.  Liller.  "RY  Carinae:  A  Complex  Star  Group."  Journal 
of  the  American  Association  of  Variable  Star  Observers,  volume  4  (1975), 
pages  31-33. 

Kahler,  S.  W.,  A.  S.  Krieger,  J.  K.  Silk,  R.  W.  Simon,  A.  F.  Timothy,  and 
G.  Vaiana.  "Studies  of  the  Dynamic  Structure  and  Spectra  of  Solar  X-Ray 
Flares."  In  Solar,  Gamma-,  X-,  and  EUV  Radiation,  edited  by  S.  Kane,  page 
185.  Boston:  D.  Reidel  Publishing  Company,  1975. 

Kahler,  S.  W.,  and  A.  S.  Krieger,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana.  "Morphological  Evolution 
of  X-Ray  Flare  Structures  from  the  Rise  through  the  Decay  Phase."  Astro- 
physical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  199  (1975),  page  L57. 

.  "The  Morphology  and  Evolution  of  Long  Decay  Soft  X-Ray  Events 

Observed  with  the  S-054  X-Ray  Experiment  on  Skylab."  148th  Meeting  of 


374   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania,  June  1976. 
[Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976), 
page  316. 

Kellogg,  E.  M.  "X-Ray  Astronomy  in  the  Uhuru  Epoch  and  Beyond."  Astro- 
physical  Journal,  volume  197  (1975),  pages  689-704.- 

Kellogg,  E.,  J.  Baldwin,  and  D.  Koch.  "Studies  of  Cluster  X-Ray  Sources. 
Energy  Spectra  for  the  Perseus,  Virgo  and  Coma  Clusters."  Astrophysical 
Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  299-306. 

Kellogg,  E.,  P.  Henry,  S.  Murray,  L.  Van  Speybroeck,  and  P.  Bjorkholm.  "High 
Resolution  Imaging  X-Ray  Detector."  Reviews  of  Scientific  Instruments, 
volume  47  (1976),  pages  282-290. 

Kinoshita,  H.  "Theory  of  the  Rotation  of  the  Earth"  (abstract).  In  Long-Time 
Predictions  in  Dynamics,  edited  by  V.  Szebehely,  page  339.  Dordrecht- 
Holland:  D.  Reidel  Publishing  Company,  1976. 

.  "Cassini's  Laws."  [Abstract]  In  Long-Time  Predictions  in  Dynamics, 

edited  by  V.  Szebehely,  page  338.  Dordrecht-Holland:  D.  Reidel  Publishing 
Company,  1976. 

"Third-Order  Artificial  Satellite  Theory."  Dynamical  Astronomy  Divi- 


sion Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society  Meeting,  Pasadena, 
California,  December  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astro- 
nomical Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  432. 

Kirby-Docken,  K.,  C.  Cerjan,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Oscillator  Strengths  and 
Photodissociation  Cross  Sections  of  Na+2  and  LiV  Chemical  Physics  Letters, 
volume  40  (1976),  pages  205-209. 

Kirby-Docken,  K.,  and  A.  L.  Ford.  "Dipole  and  Overlap  Integrals  between 
Slater-Type  Functions  and  Continuum  Functions."  Computational  Physics 
Communications,  volume  11  (1976),  pages  49-55. 

Klein,  R.  I.,  R.  F.  Stein,  and  W.  Kalkofen.  "Radiative  Shock  Dynamics.  I.  The 
Lyman  Continuum."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  205  (1976),  pages  499- 
519. 

Kleinmann,  D.  E.  "The  Use  of  a  Large  Telescope  in  the  Infrared."  In  Far- 
Infrared  Astronomy,  Proceedings  of  a  Conference  held  at  Cumberland 
Lodge,  Windsor,  United  Kingdom,  edited  by  M.  Rowan-Robinson,  pages 
33-45.  Oxford,  England:  Pergamon,  1976. 

Kleinmann,  D.  E.,  F.  C.  Gillett,  and  E.  L.  Wright.  "The  8-13m  Spectrum  of 
NGC  1068."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  208  (1976),  pages  42-46. 

.  "The  8-13m  Spectrum  of  NGC  1068."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American 

Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulle- 
tin of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  436. 

Kohl,  J.  L.,  and  W.  H.  Parkinson.  "The  Mg  II  h  and  k  Lines  I:  Absolute  Center 
and  Limb  Measurements  of  the  Solar  Profiles."  Astrophysical  Journal,  vol- 
ume 205  (1976),  pages  599-611. 

Kohl,  J.  L.,  and  W.  H.  Parkinson.  "The  Solar  Profiles  of  the  Components  of 
He  II  1640  A  from  Rocket  Observations."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American 
Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract] 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  450. 

Kojoian,  G.,  R.  S.  Sramek,  D.  Dickinson,  H.  Tovmassian,  and  C.  Purton.  "The 
Radio  Spectra  of  Markarian  Galaxies."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  203 
(1976),  pages  323-328. 

Kolaczek,  B.,  and  G.  Weiffenbach,  editors.  On  Reference  Coordinate  Systems 
for  Earth  Dynamics,  Proceedings  of  International  Astronomical  Union  Col- 
loquium No.  26,  478  pages.  Warsaw,  Poland:  Warsaw  Technical  University, 
1975. 

Kowal,  C,  K.  Aksnes,  B.  G.  Marsden,  and  E.  Roemer.  "The  Thirteenth  Satellite 
of  Jupiter."  Astronomical  Journal,  volume  80  (1975),  pages  460-464. 

Kozai,  Y.  "Hybrid  Systems  for  Use  in  the  Dynamics  of  Artificial  Satellites." 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  375 


In  On  Reference  Coordinate  Systems  for  Earth  Dynamics,  Proceedings  of 
International  Astronomical  Union  Colloquium  No.  26,  edited  by  B.  Kolaczek 
and  G.  Weiffenbach,  pages  235-240.  Warsaw  Poland:  Warsaw  Technical 
University,  1975. 

Krieger,  A.  S.,  R.  C.  Chase,  M.  Gerassimenko,  S.  W.  Kahler,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana. 
"Time  Variations  in  Coronal  Active  Regions."  In  Solar,  Gamma-,  X-,  and 
EUV  Radiation,  Proceedings  of  International  Astronomical  Union  Sym- 
posium No.  68,  edited  by  S.  Kane,  page  103.  Boston:  D.  Reidel  Publishing 
Company,  1975. 

Kurucz,  R.,  E.  H.  Avrett,  and  E.  Peytremann.  Blanketed  Model  Stellar  Atmos- 
pheres for  Early  Type  Stars,  189  pages.  Washington,  D.C. :  Smithsonian 
Institution  Press,  1975. 

Lada,  C.  J.,  and  J.  H.  Black.  "CO  Observations  of  the  Bright-Rimmed  Cloud 
B35."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  203  (1976),  pages  L75-L79. 

Lada,  C.  J.,  D.  F.  Dickinson,  C  A.  Gottlieb,  and  E.  L.  Wright.  "H2O  and  22 
GHz  Continuum  Observations  of  M17."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  207 
(1976),  pages  113-118. 

Lada,  C.  J.,  T.  R.  Gull,  C.  A.  Gottlieb,  and  E.  W.  Gottlieb.  "Optical  and 
Millimeter-Wave  Observations  of  M8."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  203 
(1976),  pages  159-168. 

Landini,  M.,  B.  C.  Monsignori-Fossi,  A.  Krieger,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana.  "The 
Coronal  Structure  of  Active  Regions."  Solar  Physics,  volume  44  (1975),  pages 
69-82. 

Latham,  D.  "Interobservatory  Sensitometer  Standards."  American  Astronomi- 
cal Society  Photo-Bulletin,  number  3  (1975),  pages  15-17. 

Latham,  D.,  and  I.  Furenlid.  "The  Influence  of  Background  Exposures  on  the 
Detective  Performance  of  Photographic  Plates."  American  Astronomical 
Society  Photo-Bulletin,  number  1  (1976),  pages  11-14. 

Layzer,  D.  "Galaxy  Clustering:  Its  Description  and  Its  Interpretation."  In  Stars 
and  Stellar  Systems,  Compendium  of  Astronomy,  volume  9,  Galaxies  and  the 
Universe,  edited  by  A.  Sandage,  M.  Sandage,  and  J.  Kristian,  pages  665-723. 
Chicago,  Illinois:  University  of  Chicago  Press,  1975. 

.  "The  Arrow  of  Time."  Scientific  American,  volume  233  (1975),  pages 

56-69;  see  also  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  206  (1976),  pages  559-569. 

Leach,  R.  W.,  S.  Murray,  E.  J.  Schreier,  H.  C.  Tananbaum,  M.  P.  Ulmer,  and 
D.  R.  Parsignault.  "Further  Observations  of  Cygnus  X-3  with  the  Uhuru 
Satellite."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  184-188. 

Lecar,  M.  "Dynamical  Friction  in  the  Coma  Cluster."  In  Dynamics  of  Stellar 
Systems,  edited  by  A.  Hayli,  pages  161-166.  Dordrecht-Holland:  D.  Reidel 
Publishing  Company,  1975. 

Lecar,  M.,  J.  C.  Wheeler,  and  C.  F.  McKee.  "Tidal  Circularization  of  the  Binary 
X-Ray  Sources  Hercules  X-l  and  Centaurus  X-3."  Astrophysical  Journal, 
volume  205  (1976),  pages  556-562. 

Lester,  J.  B.,  and  A.  K.  Dupree.  "High  Dispersion  Observations  of  Ca  II  H  and 
K  Lines  in  Late-Type  Stars."  147th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  Chicago,  Illinois,  December  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  Ameri- 
can Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  517. 

Levine,  R.  H.  "The  Representation  of  Magnetic  Field  Lines  from  Magnetograph 
Data."  Solar  Physics,  volume  44  (1975),  pages  365-370. 

.    "Evidence    for    Opposed    Currents    in    Active    Region    Loops."    Solar 

Physics,  volume  46  (1976),  pages  159-170. 

Levine,  R.  H.,  M.  D.  Altschuler,  and  J.  W.  Harvey.  "Open  Magnetic  Structures 
on  the  Sun."  148th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Haver- 
ford,  Pennsylvania,  June  1976.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astro- 
nomical Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  326. 

Levine,  R.  H.,  and  G.  L.  Withbroe.  "Physics  of  an  Active  Region  Loop  Event." 


376  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California, 
August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
volume  7  (1975),  page  460. 

Liller,  M.  H.  "Variable  Stars  in  the  X-Ray  Globular  Cluster  NGC  1851."  Astro- 
physical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  201  (1975),  pages  L125-L126. 

Liller,  M.  H.,  and  W.  Liller.  "Photometric  Histories  of  QSOs  with  Large  Light 
Amplitude."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  199  (1975),  pages 
L133-L135. 

.  "Preliminary  Photometry  of  the  X-Ray  Globular  Cluster  NGC  6624." 

Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  207  (1976),  pages  L109-L111. 

"Photometric  Studies  of  the  X-Ray  Globular  Cluster  NGC  6624  =  3U 


1820-30."  147th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Chicago, 
Illinois,  December  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  536. 

Liller,  M.  H.,  and  H.  B.  Sawyer  Hogg.  "The  Variable  Stars  in  the  Globular 
Cluster  NGC  5634."  Astronomical  Journal,  volume  81  (1976),  pages  628-631. 

Lin,  C.  D.  "Ground  State  and  Elastic  Phase  Shifts  of  the  e-H  System  Studied 
in  Hyperspherical  Coordinates."  Physical  Review  A,  volume  12  (1975),  pages 
493-497. 

.  "Feshbach  and  Shape  Resonances  in  e-H  *P  System."  Physical  Review 

Letters,  volume  35  (1975,  pages  1150-1153. 

Litvak,  M.  M.  "Molecular  Alignment  and  Radiative  Transport."  Astrophysical 
Journal,  volume  202  (1975),  pages  58-75. 

.   "Vortex  and   Hypersonic  Motion  in  Galactic   Clouds."   17th   Annual 

Meeting  of  the  Division  of  Plasma  Physics,  American  Physical  Society,  St. 
Petersburg,  Florida,  November  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American 
Physical  Society,  volume  20  (1975),  page  1325. 

Lo,  K.  Y.,  J.  M.  Moran,  M.  Morris,  R.  C.  Walker,  and  A.  H.  Haschick.  "Ex- 
tremely Rapid  Variations  of  the  H2O  Maser  Source  Near  Herbig-Haro 
Object  No.  9."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San 
Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astro- 
nomical Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  417. 

Lo,  K.  Y.,  M.  Morris,  J.  M.  Moran,  and  A.  H.  Haschick.  "The  Unusual  H20 
Maser  Source  Near  Herbig-Haro  Object  11."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters), 
volume  204  (1976),  pages  L21-L24. 

Lo,  K.  Y.,  R.  C.  Walker,  B.  F.  Burke,  J.  M.  Moran,  K.  J.  Johnston,  and  M.  S. 
Ewing.  "Evidence  for  Zeeman  Splitting  in  1720  MHz  OH  Line  Emission." 
Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  202  (1975),  pages  650-654. 

McClintock,  J.,  H.  Bradt,  J.  Buff,  G.  Clark,  R.  Doxsey,  D.  Hearn,  G.  Jernigan, 
W.  Lewin,  F.  Li,  T.  Matilsky,  W.  Mayer,  F.  Primini,  S.  Rappaport,  J.  Richard- 
son, and  H.  W.  Schnopper.  "The  Transient  Periodic  X-Ray  Source  in  Taurus 
A  0535+26.  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San 
Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astro- 
nomical Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  431. 

McCrosky,  R.  E.  "Cometary  Debris."  In  The  Dusty  Universe,  edited  by  G.  B. 
Field  and  A.  G.  W.  Cameron,  pages  169-184.  New  York:  Neale  Watson 
Academic  Publications,  1975. 

Mcintosh,  P.  S.,  A.  S.  Krieger,  J.  T.  Nolte,  and  G.  Vaiana.  "Association  of 
X-Ray  Arches  with  Chromospheric  Neutral  Lines."  146th  Meeting  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Ab- 
stract] Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975), 
page  444. 

Mader,  G.  L.,  K.  J.  Johnston,  and  J.  M.  Moran.  "The  Relative  Positions  of  the 
OH  and  H20  Masers  in  W49N  and  W3(OH)."  146th  Meeting  of  the  Ameri- 
can Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract] 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  417. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  377 


Mader,  G.  L.,  K.  J.  Johnston,  J.  M.  Moran,  S.  H.  Knowles,  S.  A.  Mango,  P.  R. 

Schwartz,  and  W.  B.  Waltman.  "The  Relative  Positions  of  the  OH  and  H20 

Masers  in  W49N  and  W3(OH),"  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  200 

(1975),  pages  111-114. 
Mao,  N.  H.,  and  P.  A.  Mohr.   "Site  Evaluation   for   Laser  Satellite-Tracking 

Stations."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory  Special  Report,  number 

371  (February  1976). 
Mariska,  J.   T.,   and   G.   L.    Withbroe.    "Analysis    of   EUV   Limb   Brightening 

Observations  from  ATM.  I:  Model  for  the  Transition  Layer  and  Corona." 

Solar  Physics,  volume  44  (1975),  pages  55-68. 
.   "Extreme   Ultraviolet   Solar   Limb   Brightening   Observations."   146th 

Meeting    of   the    American    Astronomical    Society,    San    Diego,    California, 

August   1975.    [Abstract]    Bulletin    of   the   American   Astronomical   Society, 

volume  7  (1975),  page  460. 
Marsden,    B.   G.   "Annual    Report   of    the   Central   Bureau    for   Astronomical 

Telegrams."  International  Astronomical  Union  Information  Bulletin,  number 

34  (1975),  pages  8-9. 
— .  "The  Comets."  In  Man  and  Cosmos,  edited  by  J.  Cornell  and  E.  N. 

Hayes,  pages  152-168.  New  York:  W.  W.  Norton  and  Co.,  1975. 

"Charles   Edward   St.   John."   In   Dictionary   of   Scientific   Biography, 


volume  12,  pages  72-73.  New  York:  Charles  Scribners'  Sons,  1975. 

"Nongravitational    Forces    on   Comets."   In    Study    of   Comets,   nasa 


SP-393,   edited   by   B.   Donn,   M.    Mumma,   W.    Jackson,   M.    A'Hearn,   and 

R.  Harrington,  pages  465-489.  Washington,  D.C.:  National  Aeronautics  and 

Space  Administration,  1976. 
Marsden,  B.  G.,  and  J.  E.  Bortle.  "Comet  d'Arrest  Approaches  the  Earth."  Sky 

and  Telescope,  volume  52  (1976),  pages  10-13. 
Marvin,  U.  B.  "Geological  Setting  and  Sample  Descriptions."  Interdisciplinary 

Studies  by  the  Imbrium  Consortium,  volume  1  (1976),  pages  15-21,  20-21, 

40,  54-55,  67,  74-77,  108-111. 
.    "The    Perplexing    Behavior    of    Niobium    in    Meteorites    and    Lunar 

Samples."  Meteoritics,  volume  10  (1976),  pages  452-454. 

-.  "Plate  Tectonics."  In  The  Year  Book  (1975),  Annual  Supplement  to 


Collier's  Encyclopedia  and  Merit  Student's  Encyclopedia,  pages  62-71.  New 
York:  Macmillan  Education  Corporation,  1976. 

"Apollo  16  Rock   61224,   6:  A   Lunar  or  Meteoritic   Eucrite?"  Spring 


Annual  Meeting   of   the   American   Geophysical   Union,   Washington,   D.C., 

April    1976.    [Abstract]    EOS,    Transactions    of    the   American    Geophysical 

Union,  volume  57  (1976),  pages  277-278. 
Mattison,  E.  M.,  R.  F.  C.  Vessot,  and  M.  W.  Levine.  "A  Study  of  Hydrogen 

Maser   Resonators   and    Storage    Bulbs    for    Use    in    Ground    and    Satellite 

Masers."  In  Proceedings   of  the  Seventh   Annual   Precise   Time   and   Time 

Interval   Applications    and    Planning    Meeting,    pages    243-263.    Greenbelt, 

Maryland:  Goddard  Space  Flight  Center,  1976. 
Meier,  D.,  R.  I.  Epstein,  D.  N.  Schramm,  and  W.  D.  Arnett.  "Magnetohydro- 

dynamic   Phenomena   in   Collapsing   Stellar  Cores."  Astrophysical  Journal, 

volume  204  (1976),  pages  869-878. 
Menzel,  D.  H.  "Excerpt  from  Other  Worlds  Than  Ours."  In  American  English 

Today.    Writing    as    Communication,    chapter    3.    Boston,    Massachusetts: 

McGraw-Hill  Book  Company,  1975. 
.  "Gravitational  Analogue  of  the  Magnetic  Force — Menzel  and  Salisbury 

Reply."  Nature,  volume  257  (1975),  pages  161-162. 

-.  "Kepler's  Place  in  Science  Fiction."  Vistas  in  Astronomy,  volume  18 


(1975),  pages  895-904. 

"Superstars  and  the  Black-Hole  Myth."  Memoires  de  la  Societe  Royale 


des  Sciences  de  Liege,  6th  ser.,  tome  IX  (1976),  pages  343-353. 


378  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "The  Nature  of  Life  on  Mars — A  Prophecy."  Harvard  Magazine,  June 

1976. 

Mertz,  L.  "Field  Compensation  for  High-Dispersion  Spectrographs."  Optics 
Communications,  volume  17  (1976),  pages  313-314. 

Mohr,  P.  A.  "New  Data  on  the  Evolution  of  the  Ethiopian  Rift."  [Abstract] 
EOS,  Transactions  of  the  American  Geophysical  Union,  volume  56  (1975), 
page  450. 

.    "Structural    Elements    of    the    Afar    Margins:    Data    from    ERTS-1 

Imagery."  Bulletin  of  the  Geophysical  Observatory  of  Addis  Ababa,  num- 
ber 15  (1975),  pages  83-89. 

"Structural  Setting  and   Evolution  of   Afar."   In   Afar  Depression   of 


Ethiopia,  edited  by  A.  Pilger  and  A.  Rosier,  pages  27-37.  Stuttgart:  Schwei- 
zerbart,  1975. 

"Pliocene   K — Ar  Age   for   the  Observatory  Basalt."   Bulletin   of  the 


Geophysical  Observatory  of  Addis  Ababa,  number  15  (1975),  pages  155-156. 
— .  "Failing  to  Take  the  Point."  Nature,  volume  256  (1975),  page  690. 

"Quaternary  Volcanic-Tectonic   Relationships,   Ethiopian   Rift."    [Ab- 


stract] Abstracts  with  Programs,  Geological  Society  of  America,  volume  8 
(1976),  page  612. 

"ENE-Trending  Lineaments  of  the  African  Rift  System."  In  Proceed- 


ings  of  First   International  Conference    on    the   New   Basement    Tectonics, 
Geological  Association  Publication  Number  5  (1976),  pages  327-336. 

Mohr,  P.  A.,  A.  Girnius,  J.  R.  Cherniack,  E.  M.  Gaposchkin,  and  J.  Latimer. 
"Recent  Crustal  Deformation  in  the  Ethiopian  Rift  Valley."  Tectonophysics, 
volume  29  (1975),  pages  461-469. 

Moran,  J.  M.  "Geodetic  and  Astronometric  Results  of  Very  Long  Baseline 
Interferometric  Measurements  of  Natural  Sources."  In  On  Reference  Co- 
ordinate Systems  for  Earth  Dynamics,  Proceedings  of  International  Astro- 
nomical Union  Colloquium  No.  26,  edited  by  B.  Kolaczek  and  G.  Weiffen- 
bach.  Warsaw,  Poland:  Warsaw  Technical  University,  1975. 

.  "Very  Long  Baseline  Interferometric  Observations  and  Data  Reduc- 
tion." In  Methods  of  Experimental  Physics,  volume  12C,  edited  by  M.  L. 
Meeks,  pages  228-260.  New  York:  Academic  Press,  1976. 

"Radio    Observations    of    Galactic    Masers."   In    Frontiers    of   Astro- 


physics, edited  by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  385-437.  Cambridge:  Harvard  Univer- 
sity Press,  1976. 

-.  "Very  Long  Baseline  Interferometer  Systems."  In  Methods  of  Experi- 


mental Physics,  volume  12C,  edited  by  M.  L.  Meeks,  pages  174-197.  New 
York:  Academic  Press,  1976. 

Murray,  S.,  and  M.  Ulmer.  "Observations  of  High  Latitude  X-Ray  Sources  with 
the  Uhuru  Satellite."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  207  (1976),  pages  364- 
366. 

Noxon,  J.  F.,  W.  A.  Traub,  N.  P.  Carleton,  and  P.  Connes.  "Detection  of  02 
Dayglow  Emission  from  Mars  and  the  Martian  Ozone  Abundance."  Astro- 
physical  Journal,  volume  207  (1976),  pages  1025-1035. 

Noyes,  R.  W.  "The  Solar  Maximum  Mission."  In  Proceedings,  Symposium  on 
the  Study  of  the  Sun  and  Interplanetary  Medium  in  Three  Dimensions, 
GSFC  X-660-76-53,  pages  48-58.  Greenbelt,  Maryland:  Goddard  Space  Flight 
Center,  1976. 

.  "New  Developments  in  Solar  Research."  In  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics, 

edited  by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  41-94.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press, 
1976. 

Noyes,  R.  W.,  P.  V.  Foukal,  M.  C.  E.  Huber,  E.  M.  Reeves,  E.  J.  Schmahl,  J.  G. 
Timothy,  J.  E.  Vernazza,  and  G.  L.  Withbroe.  "EUV  Observations  of  the 
Active  Sun  from  the  Harvard  Experiment  on  ATM."  In  Solar,  Gamma-,  X-, 
and  EUV  Radiation,  Proceedings  of  International  Astronomical  Union  Sym- 


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posium  No.  68,  edited  by  S.  Kane,  pages  3-17.  Boston:  D.  Reidel  Publishing 
Company,  1975. 

O'Leary,  B.,  B.  G.  Marsden,  R.  Dragon,  E.  Hauser,  M.  McGrath,  P.  Backus,  and 
H.  Roskoff.  "The  Occultation  of  k  Geminorum  by  Eros."  Icarus,  volume  28 
(1976),  pages  133-146. 

Oppenheimer,  M.,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "The  Formation  of  Carbon  Monoxide  and 
the  Thermal  Balance  in  Interstellar  Clouds."  Astrophysical  Journal,  vol- 
ume 200  (1975),  pages  419-425. 

.  "Ion  Chemistry  of  N+2  and  the  Solar  Ultraviolet  Flux  in  the  Thermo- 

sphere."  Journal  of  Geophysical  Research,  volume  8  (1976),  pages  3762-3766. 

Oppenheimer,  M.,  A.  Dalgarno,  and  L.  H.  Brace.  "Recombination  Rate  Co- 
efficient of  NO+  from  Thermosphere  Daytime  Photochemistry."  1976  Spring 
Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Geophysical  Union,  Washington,  D.C., 
April  1976.  [Abstract]  EOS,  Transactions  of  the  American  Geophysical 
Union,  volume  57  (1976),  page  297. 

Oppenheimer,  M.,  A.  Dalgarno,  and  H.  C.  Brinton.  "Molecular  Oxygen  Abun- 
dances in  the  Thermosphere  from  the  Chemistry  of  the  0+2  Ion  Based  on 
Atmosphere  Explorer  -C  Composition  Measurements."  Journal  of  Geo- 
physical Research,  volume  81  (1976),  pages  4678-4684. 

Oppenheimer,  M.,  and  H.  Doyle.  "An  Improved  Bound-State  Method  for  Cal- 
culating Resonance  Eigenvectors  and  Properties."  Physical  Review  A,  vol- 
ume 13  (1976),  pages  665-673. 

Palenius,  H.  P.,  J.  L.  Kohl,  and  W.  H.  Parkinson.  "Absolute  Measurement  of 
the  Photoionization  Cross  Section  of  Atomic  Hydrogen  with  a  Shock  Tube 
for  the  Extreme  Ultraviolet."  Physical  Review  A,  volume  13  (1976),  pages 
1805-1816. 

Pallavicini,  R.,  G.  S.  Vaiana,  S.  W.  Kahler,  and  A.  S.  Krieger.  "Spatial  Struc- 
ture and  Temporal  Development  of  a  Solar  X-Ray  Flare  Observed  from 
Skylab."  Solar  Physics,  volume  45  (1975),  pages  411-433. 

Papaliolios,  C,  S.  J.  Freedman,  and  R.  A.  Holt.  "Experimental  Status  of  Hidden 
Variable  Theories."  In  Quantum  Mechanics,  Determinism,  Causality,  and 
Particles,  edited  by  M.  Flato,  Z.  Marie,  A.  Milojevic,  D.  Sternheimer,  and 
J.  P.  Vigier.  Dordrecht-Holland:  D.  Reidel  Publishing  Company,  1976. 

Parkinson,  W.  H.,  E.  M.  Reeves,  and  F.  S.  Tomkins.  "Neutral  Calcium, 
Strontium  and  Barium:  Determination  of  f- Values  of  the  Principal  Series  by 
the  Hook  Method."  Journal  of  Physics  B,  volume  9  (1976),  pages  156-165. 

.  "Measurements  of  Sc  I  gf  Values."  Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society, 

volume  351  (1976),  pages  569-579. 

Parsignault,  D.,  A.  Epstein,  J.  Grindlay,  E.  Schreier,  H.  Schnopper,  H.  Gursky, 
Y.  Tanaka,  A.  Brinkman,  J.  Heise,  J.  SchrijverT  R.  Mewe,  E.  Gronenschild, 
and  A.  den  Boggende.  "ANS  Observations  of  Cygnus  X-l."  Astrophysics 
and  Space  Science,  volume  42  (1976),  pages  175-185. 

Parsignault,  D.  R.,  J.  Grindlay,  E.  Schreier,  H.  Schnopper,  and  H.  Gursky.  "Iron 
Line  Emission  in  the  X-Ray  Spectrum  of  Cygnus  X-3."  147th  Meeting  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  Chicago,  Illinois,  December  1975.  [Abstract] 
Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  537. 

Payne-Gaposchkin,  C,  and  C.  A.  Whitney.  "Analysis  of  Broad-Band  Pho- 
tometry of  the  Long-Period  Variables."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Obser- 
vatory Special  Report,  number  370  (March  1976). 

Pearlman,  M.  R.,  C.  G.  Lehr,  N.  W.  Lanham,  and  J.  Wohn.  "Upgrading  of  the 
SAO  Laser  Systems  to  Improve  Ranging  Performance."  In  Laser  Tracking 
Instrumentation,  edited  by  G.  C  Weiffenbach  and  K.  Hamal.  Prague, 
Czechoslovakia:  Technical  University  of  Prague,  1975. 

Penfield,  H.  "Multichannel-Filter  Spectrometers."  In  Methods  of  Experimental 
Physics,  volume  12B,  edited  by  M.  L.  Meeks,  pages  266-279.  New  York: 
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380  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Petrasso,  R.  D.,  S.  W.  Kahler,  A.  5.  Krieger,  J.  K.  Silk,  A.  F.  Timothy,  and 
G.  S.  Vaiana.  "The  Location  of  the  Site  of  Energy  Release  in  a  Solar  X-Ray 
Subflare."  In  X-Rays  in  Space,  Proceedings  of  the  University  of  Calgary, 
pages  975. 

Podolak,  M.,  and  A.  G.  W.  Cameron.  "Further  Investigations  of  Jupiter 
Models."  Icarus,  volume  25  (1975),  pages  627-634. 

Poggio,  E.  C,  H.  R.  Quinn,  and  S.  Weinberg.  "Smearing  Method  in  the  Quark 
Model."  Physical  Review  D,  volume  13  (1976),  pages  1958-1968. 

Poletto,  G.,  G.  S.  Vaiana,  M.  V.  Zombeck,  A.  S.  Krieger,  and  A.  F.  Timothy. 
"A  Comparison  of  Coronal  X-Ray  Structures  of  Active  Regions  with  Mag- 
netic Fields  Computed  from  Photospheric  Observations."  Solar  Physics, 
volume  44  (1975),  pages  83-99. 

Radford,  H.  E.  "New  CW  Lines  from  a  Submillimeter  Waveguide  Laser." 
Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronic  Engineers  Journal  of  Quantum  Elec- 
tronics, volume  QE-11  (1975),  pages  213-224. 

Radford,  H.  E.,  and  M.  M.  Litvak.  "Imine  (NH)  Detected  by  Laser  Magnetic 
Resonance."  Chemical  Physics  Letters,  volume  34  (1975),  pages  561-564. 

Raghavan,  N.,  and  G.  L.  Withbroe.  "EUV  Analysis  of  an  Active  Region." 
Solar  Physics,  volume  43  (1975),  pages  117-128. 

Reeves,  E.  M.  "A  Solar  Observatory  in  Space:  Initial  Results  and  Mission 
Assessment."  Advances  in  the  Astronautical  Sciences,  volume  31  (Part  II: 
Skylab  Results),  pages  965-999.  (American  Astronautical  Society,  1975). 

.  "The  EUV  Chromospheric  Network  in  the  Quiet  Sun."  Solar  Physics, 

volume  46  (1976),  pages  53-72. 

Reeves,  E.  M.,  and  A.  K.  Dupree.  "EUV  Solar  Spectroscopy  from  Skylab  and 
Some  Implications  for  Atomic  Physics."  In  Beam-Foil  Spectroscopy,  volume 
2,  Collisional  and  Radiative  Processes,  edited  by  I.  Snellin  and  D.  J.  Pegg, 
pages  885-905.  New  York:  Plenum  Press,  1976. 

Reeves,  E.  M.,  J.  G.  Timothy,  P.  V.  Foukal,  M.  C.  E.  Huber,  R.  W.  Noyes, 
E.  J.  Schmahl,  J.  E.  Vernazza,  and  G.  L.  Withbroe.  "Initial  Results  from  the 
EUV  Spectroheliometer  on  ATM."  Progress  in  Astronautics  and  Aeronautics, 
volume  48  (1976),  pages  73-104. 

Reeves,  E.  M.,  J.  E.  Vernazza,  and  G.  L.  Withbroe.  "The  Quiet  Sun  in  the 
Extreme  Ultraviolet."  Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society 
(London),  volume  281  (1976),  pages  319-329. 

Reid,  M.  J.  "On  the  Stellar  Velocity  of  Long-Period  Variables  and  OH  Maser 
Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  207  (1976),  pages  784-789. 

Rice,  J.  E.,  H.  Helava,  R.  R.  Parker,  and  H.  W.  Schnopper.  "X-Ray  Spectra 
from  Alcator."  First  Topical  Conference  on  Diagnostics  of  High  Tempera- 
ture Plasmas,  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  January  1976.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Physical  Society,  volume  21  (1976),  page  852. 

Richardson,  S.  M.  "Ion  Distribution  in  Pink  Muscovites."  American  Mineralo- 
gist, volume  61  (1976),  pages  1051-1052. 

.    "Paragenesis    of   Vein    Sulfates    in    the    Orgueil    (Cl)    Carbonaceous 

Chondrite."  Spring  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Geophysical  Union, 
Washington,  D.C.,  April  1976.  [Abstract]  EOS,  Transactions  of  the  Ameri- 
can Geophysical  Union,  volume  57  (1976),  page  277. 

Rodriguez,  L.  F.,  and  E.  J.  Chaisson.  "Radio-Recombination  Line  Mapping  of 
M8."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  San  Diego, 
California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  464. 

.  "23-GHz  Mapping  of  H  II  Regions  and  a  Comparison  to  High  Resolu- 
tion Far-Infrared  Maps."  148th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania,  June  1976.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  301. 

Romanowicz,  B.  A.  "On  the  Tesseral-Harmonics  Resonance  Problem  in  Arti- 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  381 


ficial  Satellite  Theory.  Part  II."  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory 
Special  Report,  number  373  (March  1976). 

Roosen,  R.  G.,  and  B.  G.  Marsden.  "Observing  Prospects  for  Halley's  Comet." 
Sky  and  Telescope,  volume  49  (1975),  pages  363-364. 

Rybicki,  G.  B.  "Effect  of  Weak  Turbulence  on  Spectral  Line  Formation."  In 
Proceedings,  CNRS  Colloquium  on  the  Physics  of  Motions  in  Stellars  At- 
mospheres, Physique  des  Mouvements  dans  les  Atmospheres  Stellaires, 
by  R.  Cayrel  and  M.  Steinberg,  pages  189-203.  Paris:  CNRS,  1976. 

Rybicki,  G.  B.,  and  D.  H.  Hummer.  "A  Note  on  the  'Peaking  Effect'  in 
Spherical-Geometry  Transfer  Problems."  Monthly  Notices  of  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Society,  volume  170  (1975),  pages  423-427. 

Ryder,  G.  "Lunar  Sample  15405:  Remnant  of  a  KREEP  Basalt— Granite  Differ- 
entiated Pluton."  Earth  and  Planetary  Science  Letters,  volume  29  (1976), 
pages  255-268. 

Ryder,  G.,  and  A.  Basu.  "Apollo  15  KREEP  Basalt."  [Abstract]  EOS,  Transac- 
tions of  the  American  Geophysical  Union,  volume  57  (1976),  page  278. 

Ryder,  G.,  and  J.  F.  Bower.  "Petrology."  Interdisciplinary  Studies  by  the 
Imbrium  Consortium,  volume  1  (1976),  pages  22-37,  41-50,  55-66,  77-94, 
111-121. 

Ryder,  G.,  D.  B.  Stoeser,  U.  B.  Marvin,  and  J.  F.  Bower.  "Lunar  Granites  with 
Unique  Ternary  Feldspars."  In  Proceedings  of  the  Sixth  Lunar  Science 
Conference,  Ceochimica  et  Cosmochimica  Acta,  Supplement  6,  volume  1 
(1975),  pages  435-449. 

Ryder,  G.,  D.  B.  Stoeser,  U.  B.  Marvin,  J.  F.  Bower,  and  J.  A.  Wood.  "The 
Boulder."  The  Moon,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  315-326. 

.  "Boulder  1,  Station  2,  Apollo  17:  Petrology  and  Pedogenesis."  The 

Moon,  volume  14  (1975),  pages  327-357. 

Ryder,  G.,  and  G.  J.  Taylor.  "'Pre-Mare'  Volcanism."  [Abstract]  In  Lunar 
Science  VII,  pages  755-757.  Houston,  Texas:  Lunar  Science  Institute,  1976. 

Schaefer,  M.  M.,  G.  Rybicki,  and  M.  Lecar.  "Galactic  Mass  Determinations 
from  Incomplete  Rotation  Curves."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science,  volume 
41  (1976),  pages  3-14. 

Schild,  R.,  and  M.  Frankston.  "Near  Infrared  Observations  of  the  Edge-On 
Spiral  Galaxy  NGC  4565."  Astronomical  Journal,  volume  81  (1976),  pages 
500-507. 

Schild,  R.,  and  W.  Liller.  "The  Light  Curve  of  CV  Serpentis,  the  Sometimes- 
Eclipsing  Wolf-Rayet  Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975), 
pages  432-435. 

Schild,  R.,  and  W.  Romanishin.  "A  Study  of  Be  Stars  in  Clusters."  Astro- 
physical  Journal,  volume  204  (1976),  pages  493-501. 

Schmahl,  E.  J.  "The  Temperature  Structure  of  the  Lower  Corona."  148th 
Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania, 
June  1976.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  vol- 
ume 8  (1976),  page  369. 

.    "The   Generation   of  Alfven   Waves   by  Jupiters    Satellites."    Winter 

Meeting  of  the  American  Geophysical  Union,  San  Francisco,  California, 
December  1975.  [Abstract]  EOS,  Transactions  of  the  American  Geophysical 
Union,  volume  57  (1976),  page  155. 

Schmahl,  E.  J.,  and  F.  Q.  Orrall.  "Comparison  of  the  Prominence-Corona 
Interface  with  the  Chromosphere-Corona  Transition  Region."  147th  Meeting 
of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Chicago,  Illinois,  December  1975. 
[Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975), 
page  523. 

Schnopper,  H.  W.,  and  J.  P.  Delvaille.  "Radiative  Electron  Capture  and 
Bremsstrahlung."  In  Atomic  Collisions  in  Solids,  edited  by  S.  Datz,  B.  R. 
Appleton,  and  C  D.  Moak,  pages  481-498.  New  York:  Plenum  Press,  1975. 


382  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Schnopper,  H.  W.,  J.  P.  Delvaille,  A.  Epstein,  K.  Kalata,  and  A.  R.  Sohval. 
"X-Ray  Spectroscopy  with  the  ANS  and  HEAO-B  Satellites."  Space  Science 
Instrumentation,  volume  2  (1976),  pages  243-261. 

Schnopper,  H.  W.,  J.  P.  Delvaille,  A.  Epstein,  H.  Gursky,  K.  Kalata,  A.  R. 
Sohval,  and  D.  R.  Parsignault.  "Search  for  Si  XIV  and  Si  XIII  Line  Emission 
from  Cosmic  X-Ray  Sources."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  460. 

Schreier,  E.,  H.  Schnopper,  H.  Gursky,  and  D.  Parsignault.  "Possible  Indentifi- 
cation  of  a  High-Latitude  X-Ray  Source  with  a  QSO  by  the  Astronomical 
Netherlands  Satellite."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  201  (1975), 
pages  L137-L139. 

Schreier,  E.,  K.  Swartz,  R.  Giacconi,  G.  Fabbiano,  and  J.  Morin.  "The  Long- 
Term  Intensity  Behavior  of  Centaurus  X-3."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume 
204  (1976),  pages  539-547. 

Schwartz,  D.  A.  "New  Cosmological  Test  for  q0."  Astrophysical  Journal 
(Letters),  volume  206  (1976),  pages  L95-L97. 

Schwartz,  D.  A.,  S.  S.  Murray,  and  H.  Gursky.  "A  Measurement  of  Fluctua- 
tions in  the  X-Ray  Background  by  Uhuru."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume 
204  (1976),  pages  315-321. 

Schwarz,  J.,  J.  P.  Ostriker,  and  A.  Yahil.  "Explosive  Events  in  the  Early 
Universe."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  202  (1975),  pages  1-6. 

Seguin,  F.  "Turbulence  in  Tidally  Distorted  Stars."  Astrophysical  Journal, 
volume  207  (1976),  pages  848-859. 

Sekanina,  Z.  "Progress  in  Our  Understanding  of  Cometary  Dust  Tails:  A 
Review."  In  The  Study  of  Comets,  nasa  SP-393,  edited  by  B.  Donn,  M. 
Mumma,  W.  Jackson,  M.  A'Hearn,  and  R.  Harrington,  pages  893-939. 
Washington,  D.C. :  National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration,  1976. 

.  "A  Continuing  Controversy:  Has  the  Cometary  Nucleus  Been  Re- 
solved?" In  The  Study  of  Comets,  nasa  SP-393,  edited  by  B.  Donn,  M. 
Mumma,  W.  Jackson,  M.  A'Hearn,  and  R.  Harrington,  pages  537-585. 
Washington,  D.C:  National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration,  1976. 

"Predicted  Favorable   Visibility   Conditions   for  Anomalous  Tails   of 


Comets."  In  Interplanetary  Dust  and  Zodiacal  Light,  Proceedings  of  Inter- 
national Astronomical  Union  Colloquium  No.  31,  edited  by  H.  Elsasser  and 
H.  Fechtig,  pages  339-342.  Berlin:  Springer- Verlag,  1976. 

"Modeling  of  the  Orbital  Evolution  of  Vaporizing  Dust  Particles  near 


the  Sun."  In  Interplanetary  Dust  and  Zodiacal  Light,  Proceedings  of  Inter- 
national Astronomical  Union  Colloquium  No.  31,  edited  by  H.  Elsasser  and 
H.  Fechtig,  pages  434-436.  Berlin:  Springer- Verlag,  1976. 

'A  Probability  of  Encounter  with  Interstellar  Comets  and  the  Likeli- 


hood of  Their  Existence."  Icarus,  volume  27  (1976),  pages  123-133. 

-.  "Statistical  Model  of  Meteor  Streams.  IV.  A  Study  of  Radio  Streams 


from  the  Synoptic  Year."  Icarus,  volume  27  (1976),  pages  265-321. 

"Disintegration  Phenomena  in  Comet  West."  Sky  and  Telescope,  vol- 


ume 17  (1976),  pages  386-393. 

"On  the  Existence  of  Interstellar  Comets  and  the  Probability  of  their 


Encounter  with  the  Sun."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical 
Society,  San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  467. 

Sekanina,  Z.,  and  F.  D.  Miller.  "On  the  Nature  of  the  Antitail  of  Comet 
Kohoutek  (1973f).  II.  Comparison  of  the  Working  Model  with  Ground-Based 
Photographic  Observations."  Icarus,  volume  27  (1976),  pages  135-146. 

Silk,  J.  K.,  S.  W.  Kahler,  A.  S.  Krieger,  and  G.  S.  Vaiana.  "Energy  and  Material 
Loss  in  the  Decay  of  an  X-Ray   Flare."   148th  Meeting  of   the   American 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   383 


Astronomical  Society,  Haverford,  Pennsylvania,  June  1976.  [Abstract]  Bul- 
letin of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  8  (1976),  page  375. 

Skinner,  C.  H.  "Four  Wave  Mixing  in  Barium."  Fall  Meeting  of  Optical  Society 
of  America,  Boston,  Massachusetts,  October  1975.  [Abstract]  Journal  of  the 
Optical  Society  of  America,  volume  65  (1975),  page  1180. 

Smith,  P.  L.,  M.  C.  E.  Huber,  and  W.  H.  Parkinson.  "The  Refractivities  of  H2, 
He,  O^CO,  and  Kr  for  168  ^  X  ^  288nm."  Physical  Review  A,  volume  13 
(1976),  pages  1422-1434. 

Smith,  P.  L.,  W.  H.  Parkinson,  and  M.  C.  E.  Huber.  "The  Refractive  Index  of 
Krypton  for  168  —  X  —  288nm."  Optics  Communications,  volume  14  (1975), 
pages  374-377. 

Sohval,  A.  R.,  J.  P.  Delvaille,  K.  Kalata,  K.  Kirby-Docken,  and  H.  W.  Schnop- 
per.  "Model  for  Radiative  Electron  Capture:  An  Interpretation  of  the  Line 
Width."  Journal  of  Physics  B,  volume  9    (1976),  pages  L25-L29. 

Sohval,  A.  R.,  J.  P.  Delvaille,  K.  Kalata,  and  H.  W.  Schnopper:  "Knock-On 
Bremsstrahlung  in  Heavy-Ion  Collisions  with  Thick  Targets."  Journal  of 
Physics  B,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  L426-L428. 

.   "Cross  Section   Ratio  for   Radiative   Electron   Capture   to   Inner   and 

Outer  Atomic  Shells."  Journal  of  Physics  B,  volume  9  (1976),  pages  L47-L51. 

Sohval,  A.  R.,  J.  P.  Delvaille,  and  H.  W.  Schnopper.  "Cross  Sections  and 
Angular  Distributions  for  Continuum  X-Ray  Processes  in  Heavy  Ion  Col- 
lisions." IX  International  Conference  on  the  Physics  of  Electronic  and 
Atomic  Collision,  Seattle,  Washington,  July  1975.  [Abstract]  In  Electronics 
and  Atomic  Collisions,  edited  by  J.  S.  Resley  and  R.  Geballe,  volume  1, 
pages  321-322.  Seattle,  Washington:  University  of  Washington  Press,  1975. 

Stewart,  R.  F.,  G.  Victor,  and  C.  Laughlin.  "The  Calculation  of  Continuum 
Properties  of  L"  and  Na~  by  a  Green's  Function  Method."  Journal  of  Physics 
B,  volume  8  (1975),  pages  1603-1612. 

Stewart,  R.  F.,  D.  K.  Watson,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Variational  Time-Dependent 
Hartree-Fock  Calculations.  1.  Applications  to  Four-Electron  Atomic  and 
Molecular  Systems."  Journal  of  Chemical  Physics,  volume  63  (1975),  pages 
3222-3227. 

Stier,  M.,  and  W.  Liller.  "The  Photometric  and  Spectrographic  Histories  of 
HD245770  =  A0535  +  26,  The  Transient  X-Ray  Source."  Astrophysical 
Journal,  volume  206  (1976),  pages  257-259. 

Timothy,  J.  G.  "Detection  Efficiencies  of  Channel  Electron  Multipliers  with 
MgF*  Photocathodes  at  XUV  Wavelengths."  Applied  Optics,  volume  15 
(1976),  page  1218. 

.  "Evidence  for  Long-Term  Variations  in  the  Quiet   Sun  Emission   at 

EUV  Wavelengths."  146th  Meeting  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society, 
San  Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American 
Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  407. 

Timothy,  J.  G.,  and  R.  L.  Bybee.  "Two-Dimensional  Photon-Counting  Detector 
Arrays  Based  on  MicroChannel  Array  Plates."  Review  of  Scientific  Instru- 
ments, volume  46  (1975),  pages  1615-1623. 

Timothy,  J.  G.,  and  E.  M.  Reeves.  "Preliminary  Results  from  the  Harvard 
ATM  Calibration  Rocket  Program."  Progress  in  Astronautics  and  Aero- 
nautics, volume  48  (1976),  pages  123-149. 

Torr,  D.  G.,  M.  R.  Torr,  J.  L.  G.  Walker,  L.  H.  Brace,  H.  C.  Brinton,  B.  Hanson, 
J.  H.  Hoffman,  A.  O.  Nier,  and  M.  Oppenheimer.  "Recombination  of  NO+  in 
the  Ionosphere."  Geophysical  Research  Letters,  volume  3  (1976),  page  209. 

Traub,  W.  A.  "Balloon-Borne  Fourier  Spectroscopy."  In  Far-Infrared  Astron- 
omy, edited  by  M.  Rowan-Robinson,  pages  1-10.  Oxford,  England:  Per- 
gamon  Press,  1976. 

Traub,  W.  A.,  G.  G.  Fazio,  E.  L.  Wright,  F.  J.  Low,  and  L.  Trafton.  "The 
Effective  Temperature  of  Uranus."  7th  Planetary  Sciences  Division  Meeting 


384  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  Austin,  Texas,  March  1976.  [Ab- 
stract] Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  10  (1976), 
page  300. 

Tsuruta,  S.,  and  A.  G.  W.  Cameron.  "The  URCA  Process  in  Convective 
Cores."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science,  volume  39  (1976),  pages  397-400. 

Ulmer,  M.  P.,  and  S.  S.  Murray.  "Search  for  X-Ray  Emission  from  BL  Lacertae 
Objects  and  Nearby  Seyfert  Galaxies."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  207 
(1976),  pages  364-366. 

Ulmer,  M.,  S.  Murray,  H.  Gursky,  and  J.  Bahcall.  "Search  for  X-Ray  Emission 
from  Globular  Clusters  Using  Uhuru  Data."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume 
208  (1976),  pages  47-51. 

Vaiana,  G.  S.,  R.  Chase,  J.  Davis,  M.  Gerassimenko,  L.  Golub,  S.  Kahler,  A.  S. 
Krieger,  R.  Petrasso,  J.  K.  Silk,  R.  Simmon,  A.  F.  Timothy,  M.  Zombeck,  and 

D.  Webb.  "Skylab  and  the  ASE  X-Ray  Telescope  Experiment:  A  New  View 
of  the  X-Ray  Corona."  Osservazioni  and  Memorie  Osservatorio  Arcetri, 
number  104  (1975),  pages  3-47. 

Vaiana,  G.  S.,  A.  S.  Krieger,  A.  F.  Timothy,  and  M.  Zombeck.  "ATM  Observa- 
tions, X-Ray  Results."  Astrophysics  and  Space  Science,  volume  39  (1976), 
pages  71-101. 

Van  Biesbroeck,  G.,  C.  D.  Vesely,  K.  Aksnes,  and  B.  G.  Marsden.  "Observa- 
tions of  Comets,  Minor  Planets,  Pluto  and  Satellites."  Astronomical  Journal, 
volume  81  (1976),  pages  122-124. 

Van  Biesbroeck,  G.,  C.  D.  Vesely,  and  B.  G.  Marsden.  "Orbits  of  Comets  1892 
VI  and  1911  V."  Astronomical  Journal,  volume  81  (1976),  pages  125-126. 

Veis,  G.  "General  Principles  for  the  Realization  of  Reference  Systems  for 
Earth  Dynamics."  In  On  Reference  Coordinate  Systems  for  Earth  Dynamics, 
Proceedings  of  International  Astronomical  Union  Colloquium  No.  26,  edited 
by  B.  Kolaczek  and  G.  C.  Weiffenbach,  pages  261-267.  Warsaw,  Poland: 
Warsaw  Technical  University,  1975. 

Vernazza,  J.  E.,  P.  V.  Foukal,  M.  C.  E.  Huber,  R.  W.  Noyes,  E.  M.  Reeves, 

E.  J.  Schmahl,  J.  G.  Timothy,  and  G.  L.  Withbroe.  "Time  Variations  in 
Extreme  Ultraviolet  Emission  Lines  and  the  Problem  of  Coronal  Heating." 
Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199  (1975),  pages  L123-L126. 

Vessot,  R.  F.  C.  "Frequency  and  Time  Standards."  In  Methods  of  Experimental 
Physics,  volume  12C,  edited  by  M.  L.  Meeks,  pages  197-227.  New  York: 
Academic  Press,  1976. 

Victor,  G.,  K.  Kirby-Docken,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Calculations  of  the  Equi- 
librium Photoelectron  Flux  in  the  Thermosphere."  Planetary  and  Space 
Science,  volume  24  (1976),  pages  679-681. 

Victor,  G.,  P.  McKenna,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Auroral  Emission  at  1084  A." 
Planetary  and  Space  Science,  volume  24  (1976),  pages  405-407. 

Victor,  G.,  R.  F.  Stewart,  and  C.  Laughlin.  Oscillator  Strengths  in  the  Mg 
Isoelectronic  Sequence."  Astrophysical  Journal  (Supplement  Series),  volume 
31  (1976),  pages  237-247. 

.  "Oscillator  Strengths  for  Ac  I,  Sc  II  and  Ti  III."  In  Beam  Foil  Spectros- 
copy, volume  1,  edited  by  I.  Snellin  and  D.  J.  Pegg,  pages  43-50.  New  York: 
Plenum  Press,  1976. 

Walker,  R.  C,  K.  Y.  Lo,  B.  F.  Burke,  K.  J.  Johnston,  and  J.  M.  Moran.  "Six 
Centimeter  Observations  of  Radio  Galaxies  over  a  228  Kilometer  Baseline." 
Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  208  (1976),  pages  296-297. 

Ward,  W.  R.  "Past  Orientation  of  the  Lunar  Spin  Axis."  Science,  volume  189 
(1975),  pages  377-379. 

.  "Cosmogony  of  the  Solar  System."  Reviews  of  Geophysics  and  Space 

Science,  volume  13  (1975),  pages  422-424. 

"Formation  of  the  Solar  System."  In  Frontiers  of  Astrophysics,  edited 


by  E.  H.  Avrett,  pages  1-40.  Cambridge:  Harvard  University  Press,  1976. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  385 


Ward,  W.  R.,   G.   Colombo,   and   F.   A.    Franklin.   "Secular   Resonance,   Solar 

Spin  Down,  and   the  Orbit  of  Mercury."  Icarus,  volume  28   (1976),  pages 

441-452. 
Wasserman,  L.  H.,  J.  L.  Elliot,  J.  Veverka,  and  W.  Liller.  "Galilean  Satellites: 

Observations  of  Mutual  Occultations  and  Eclipses  in  1973."  Icarus,  volume 

27  (1976),  pages  91-107. 
Webb,  D.,  A.  Krieger,  D.   Rust,  and  G.  Vaiana.   "Coronal  X-Ray  Transient 

Events  Associated  with  Ha  Filament  Disappearances."  146th  Meeting  of  the 

American    Astronomical    Society,    San    Diego,    California,    August    1975. 

[Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astronomical  Society,  volume  7  (1975), 

page  430. 
Weekes,  T.  C.  "Atmospheric  Fluorescence  as  a  Means  of  Detecting  X-Ray 

and    Gamma-Ray    Transients."    Journal    of    Atmospheric    and    Terrestrial 

Physics,  volume  38  (1976),  pages  1021-1026. 
Weinberg,  S.  "Astrophysical  Implications  of  the  New  Theories  of  Weak  Inter- 
actions." Annals  of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  volume  262  (1975), 

pages  409-421. 
.  "The  Forces  of  Nature."  Bulletin  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 

and  Sciences,  volume  29  (1976),  page  13. 

-.  "Implications  of  Dynamical  Symmetry  Breaking."  Physical  Review  D, 


volume  13  (1976),  pages  974-996. 

"Mass  of  the  Higgs  Boson."  Physical  Review  Letters,  volume  36  (1976), 


pages  294-296. 

-.  "Ambiguous  Solutions  of  Supersymmetric  Theories."  Physics  Letters, 


volume  62-B  (1976),  pages  111-113. 

-.  "Apparent  Luminosities  in  a  Locally  Inhomogeneous  Universe"  Astro- 


physical  Journal  (Letters),  volume  208  (1976),  pages  L1-L3. 
Wetherbee,  P.  K.,  and  E.  M.  Reeves.  "Preliminary  Atlas  of  Coronal   Hole 

Observations  with  the  HCO  Spectrometer  on  Skylab."  Harvard  College  Ob- 
servatory Report,  1975. 
Whipple,  F.  L.  "Perspectives — Past,  Present,  and  Future."  In  Man  and  Cosmos, 

edited  by  J.  Cornell  and  E.  N.  Hayes,  pages  169-179.  New  York:  W.  W. 

Norton  and  Co.,  1975. 
.  "Comments  by  Fred  L.  Whipple."  In  The  Dusty  Universe,  edited  by 

G.  B.  Field  and  A.  G.  W.  Cameron,  pages  292-310.  New  York:  Neale  Watson 

Academic  Publications,  1975. 

'The  Nucleus:  Comments."  In   The  Study  of  Comets,  nasa   SP-393, 


edited  by  B.  Donn,  M.  Mumma,  W.  Jackson,  M.  A'Hearn,  and  R.  Harrington, 
pages  622-635.  Washington,  D.C.:  National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Admin- 
istration, 1976. 

"Comet  Kohoutek  in  Retrospect."  Proceedings  of  the  American  Philo- 


sophical Society,  volume  120  (1976),  pages  1-6. 
Whipple,  F.  L.,  and  M.  Lecar.  "Comet  Formation  Induced  by  the  Solar  Wind." 

[Abstract]  In  The  Study  of  Comets,  edited  by  B.  Donn,  M.  Mumma,  W. 

Jackson,   M.   A'Hearn,   and    R.   Harrington,   page   660.    Washington,   D.C. : 

National  Aeronautics  and  Space  Administration,  1976. 
Whitney,   C.    A.   "New   Infrared    Data   on    Mira   Variables."   Journal    of   the 

American  Association  of  Variable  Star  Observers,  volume  4  (1975),  pages 

22-24. 
Withbroe,  G.  L.  "The  Analysis  of  XUV  Emission  Lines."  Solar  Physics,  volume 

45  (1975),  pages  301-317. 
.   "Solar  Structure   in  the   Extreme   Ultraviolet."   Invited  Paper   at   the 

Meeting   of   American   Astronomical    Society   Solar   Physics    Division,   San 

Diego,  California,  August  1975.  [Abstract]  Bulletin  of  the  American  Astro- 
nomical Society,  volume  7  (1975),  page  478. 
Withbroe,  G.  L.,  D.  T.  Jaffe,  P.  V.  Foukal,  M.  C.  E.  Huber,  R.  W.  Noyes,  E.  M. 


386  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Reeves,  E.  J.  Schmahl,  J.  G.  Timothy,  and  J.  E.  Vernazza.  "EUV  Transients 
Observed  at  the  Solar  Pole."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  203  (1976), 
pages  528-532. 

Withbroe,  G.  L.,  and  J.  T.  Mariska.  "Analysis  of  EUV  Limb  Brightening  Ob- 
servations from  ATM.  II:  Influence  of  Spicules."  Solar  Physics,  volume  48 
(1976),  pages  21-40. 

Wood,  J.  A.  "Consortium  Indomitabile."  The  Moon,  volume  14  (1975),  pages 
303-305. 

.   "The  Moon."  In  Man  and  Cosmos,  edited  by  J.  Cornell   and  E.   N. 

Hayes,  pages  50-67.  New  York:  W.  W.  Norton  and  Co.,  1975. 

The  Fine-Grained  Structure  of  Chondritic  Meteorites."  In  The  Dusty 


Universe,  edited   by  G.  B.   Field   and  A.   G.   W.   Cameron,  pages  245-266. 
New  York:  Neale  Watson  Academic  Publications,  1975. 

"The  Nature  and  Origin  of  Boulder  1,  Station  2,  Apollo  17."  The  Moon, 


volume  14  (1975),  pages  505-517. 

.  "The  Moon."  Scientific  American,  volume  233  (1975),  pages  92-102. 

.  "Potter  Glazes  from  the  Moon."  Studio  Potter,  Summer  (1975),  pages 


36-39. 

-.  "Lunar  Petrogenesis  in  a  Well-Stirred  Magma  Ocean."  In  Proceedings 


of  the  Sixth  Lunar  Science  Conference,  Ceochimica  et  Cosmochimica  Acta, 

Supplement  6,  volume  1   (1976),  pages  1087-1102. 
Wright,  E.  L.,  G.  G.  Fazio,  and  F.  J.  Low.  "Far-Infrared  Observations  of  M20 

(NGC  6514)."  Astrophysical  Journal   (Letters),  volume  208    (September  1, 

1976),  pages  L87-L89. 
Wright,   E.   L.,   E.    W.   Gottlieb,   and   W.   Liller.   "Optical    Studies   of    Uhuru 

Sources.  XII.  The  Light  Curve  of  Scorpius  X-l  =  v818  Scorpii,  1889-1974." 

Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  200  (1975),  pages  171-176. 
Yau,  A.,  and  A.  Dalgarno.  "Fine  Structure  Excitation  of  Carbon  by  Atomic 

Hydrogen  Impact."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  206   (1976),  pages   652- 

657. 
Young,  S.  W.,  A.  Basu,  G.  Mack,  N.  Darnell,  and  L.  J.  Suttner.  "Use  of  Size- 
Compositional  Trends  in  Holocene  Soil  and  Fluvial  Sand  for  Paleoclimatic 

Interpretation."   Proceedings   of  the  IXme   Congress   of   International  Sedi- 

mentology,  Nice,  Th.  1  (1975),  pages  201-206. 
Zeilik,  M.,  D.  E.  Kleinmann,  and  E.  L.  Wright.  "G  45.5  +  0.1  and  G  45.1  + 

0.1:  Compact  Infrared  Sources."  Astrophysical  Journal,  volume  199   (1975), 

pages  401-405. 

SMITHSONIAN  OCEANOGRAPHIC  SORTING  CENTER 

Ferrari,  Frank  D.  "Taxonomic  Notes  of  the  Genus  Oncaea  (Copepoda:Cyclo- 
poida)  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Northern  Caribbean  Sea."  Proceedings 
of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  88,  number  21  (1975),  pages 
217-232. 

Houbrick,  Richard  S.  "Clavocerithium  (Indocerithium)  taeniatum  a  Little 
Known  and  Unusual  Cerithid  from  New  Guinea."  The  Nautilus,  volume 
89,  number  4  (1975),  pages  99-105. 

.  "Preliminary  Prevision  of  Supraspecific  Taxa  in  the  Cerithiinae  Flem- 
ing, 1822  (Cerithiidae:Prosobranchia)."  Bulletin  of  the  American  Malacolo- 
gical  Union,  Inc.  for  1975  (1976),  pages  14-18. 

Knapp,  Leslie  W.  "Redescription,  Relationships  and  Status  of  the  Maryland 
Darter,  Etheostoma  sellare  (Radcliffe  and  Welsh),  an  Endangered  Species." 
Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  volume  89,  number  6 
(1976),  pages  99-118. 

Landrum,  B.  J.  "Technical  Support  for  Systematic  Biology."  Antarctic  Journal 
of  the  U.S.,  volume  10,  number  6  (1975),  pages  313-315. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   387 


SMITHSONIAN  SCIENTIFIC  INFORMATION  EXCHANGE,  INC. 

Hunt,  B.  L.,  M.  Snyderman,  and  W.  H.  Payne.  "Machine  Assisted  Indexing 
of  Scientific  Research  Studies."  Journal  of  the  American  Society  for  Informa- 
tion Science,  volume  26  (1975),  pages  230-237. 

Lakamp,  David  W.  "An  Approach  to  the  Processing  and  Delivery  of  Ongoing 
Research  Information."  Proceedings  of  the  International  Symposium  on 
Information  Systems  and  Services  in  Ongoing  Research  in  Science,  Paris, 
France,  October  27-29,  1975. 

.  "Theoretical  Negative  Pion  Absorption  Cross  Sections  of  Nuclei  of 

Biomedical  Significance."  Catholic  University  Technical  Report,  February 
1975. 

SMITHSONIAN  TROPICAL  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE 

Abele,  Lawrence  G.   "Comparative   Species  Richness   and   Constant   Environ- 
ments; Coral-Associated  Decapod  Crustaceans."  Science,  volume  192,  num- 
ber 4238  (1976),  pages  461-463. 
Abele,  Lawrence  C,  and  Wendell  K.  Patton.  "The  Size  of  Coral  Heads  and 

the  Community  Biology  of  Associated  Decapod  Crustaceans."  Journal  of 

Biogeography,  volume  1,  number  1  (1976),  pages  35-47. 
Andrews,  Robin  M.  "Growth  Rate  in  Island  and  Mainland  Anoline  Lizards." 

Copeia,  number  3  (1976),  pages  477-482. 
Arosemena  M.,  Dalva  H.  "Absorcion  de  Radiocarbono  en  el  Golfo  de  Panama." 

Thesis,  Fundacion  Universidad  de  Bogota  Jorge  Tadeo  Lozano,  Facultad  de 

Ciencias  del  Mar,  1975. 
Bertsch,    Hans.    "Distributional    and    Anatomical    Observations    of    Berthella 

tupala    (Opisthobranchia:    Notaspidea)."   The   Nautilus,  volume   89    (1975), 

pages  124-126. 
.  "New  Data  on  Thyca  callista  (Gastropoda:  Capulidae)."  The  Veliger, 

volume  18,  number  1  (1975),  pages  99-100. 
Birkeland,  Charles,  Amada  A.  Reimer,  and  Joyce  Redemske  Young.  "Survey  of 

Marine   Communities    in   Panama   and    Experiments    with   Oil."    Ecological 

Research  Series,  EPA-600/3-76-028,  1976,  177  pages. 
Bonaccorso,  Frank  J.  "Foraging  and  Reproductive  Ecology  in  a  Community  of 

Bats  in  Panama."  Thesis,  University  of  Florida,  Gainesville,  1975. 
Boyden,  Thomas  C.   "Butterfly   Palatability   and   Mimicry:   Experiments   with 

Ameiva  Lizards."  Evolution,  volume  30,  number  1  (1976),  pages  73-81. 
Campanella,  Paul  J.  "The  Evolution  of  Mating  Systems   in  Temperate  Zone 

Dragonflies    (Odonata:    Anisoptera)    II:    Libellula    luctocsa    (Burmeister)." 

Behaviour,  volume  54,  number  4  (1975),  pages  278-310. 
Cooke,  Richard.  "El  Hombre  y  la  Tierra  en  el  Panama  Prehistorico."  Revista 

Nacional  de  Cultura,  number  2  (1976),  pages  17-38. 
Croat,  Thomas  B.  "Flacourtiaceae  New  to  Panama:  Casearia  and  Xylosma." 

Annals   of   the   Missouri  Botanical   Garden,  volume   62,   number   2    (1975), 

pages   484-490. 
.    "Phenological    Behavior    of    Habit    and    Habitat    Classes    on    Barro 

Colorado  Island   (Panama  Canal  Zone)."   Biotropica,  volume   7,  number  4 

(1975),  pages  270-277. 

"A  Reconsideration  of  Trichilia  cipo   (A.  Juss.)   CDC.   (Meliaceae). 


Annals    of   the  Missouri  Botanical  Garden,  volume   62,   number   2    (1975), 

pages  491-496. 
Dressier,  Robert  L.  "It  Grows  Up  in  the  Trees;  Really  It  Does."  Marie  Selby 

Botanical  Garden  Bulletin,  volume  2  (1975),  pages  22-23. 
.  "El  Genero  Nidema."  Orquidea  (Mex.),  volume  5  (1975),  pages  235- 

239. 


388  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "Notas  Sobre  Nomenclaturas  de  las  Orquidaceas  VI."  Orquidea  (Mex.), 

volume  5,  number  5  (1975),  pages  143-146. 

"The  Use  of  Pollinaria  in  Orchid  Systematics."  In  First  Symposium 


on   the  Scentific  Aspects   of  Orchids,   Southfield,   Michigan,   edited   by  H. 
Harry  Szmant  andjames  Wemple.  University  of  Detroit,  1976. 
.    "Jacquin    Names — Again."    Taxon,    volume    24,   number    5/6    (1975), 


pages  647-650. 

"Proposal  for  the  Conservation  of  the  Generic  Name  1779  Oncidium 


Swartz  (Orchidaceae)  with  a  Conserved  Type  Species,  Oncidium  altissiumum 
Sw."  Taxon,  volume  24,  number  5/6  (1975),  pages  692-693. 

"Proposal  for  the  Conservation  of  the  Generic  Name  1393b  Phragmi- 


pedium   Rolfe    (1896)    (Orchidaceae),    against    Uropedium    Lindley    (1846)." 

Taxon,  volume  24,  number  5/6  (1975),  pages  691-692. 
Eberhard,    Mary    Jane    West.    "Born:    Sociobiology."    [A    review].    Quarterly 

Review  of  Biology,  volume  51,  number  1  (1976),  pages  89-92. 
.  "Estudios  de  las  Avispas  Sociales  (Hymenoptera,  Vespidae)  del  Valle 

del  Cauca.  I.  Objetivos,  Metodos  y  Notas  para  Facilitar  la  Identification  de 

Especies  Comunes."  Cespedesia,  volume  4  (1975),  pages  245-267. 
Eberhard,  William  G.  "The  Ecology  and  Behavior  of  a  Subsocial  Pentatomid 

Bug  and  Two  Sceliond  Wasps:  Strategy  and  Counterstrategy  in  a  Host  and 

its  Parasites."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology,  number  205  (1975). 
.   "Photography   of  Orb   Webs   in   the   Field."   Bulletin    of   the   British 

Arachnological  Society,  volume  3  (1976),  pages  200-204. 
Gliwicz,  Z.  M.,  and  Biesiadka,  E.   "Pelagic  Water  Mites    (Hydracarina)    and 

Their  Effect  on  the  Plankton  Community  in  a  Neotropical  Man-Made  Lake." 

Archiv  fuer  Hydrobiologie,  volume  76,  number  1    (1975),  pages  65-88. 
Glynn,  Peter  W.  "A  New  Shallow-Water  Serolid  (Isopoda:  Flabellifera)  from 

the  Pacific  Coast  of  Panama."  Journal  of  Natural  History,  volume  10,  num- 
ber 1  (1976),  pages  7-16. 
.  "The  Coral  Reef  Community."  Encyclopedia  Britannica,  Yearbook  of 

Science  and  the  Future,  1976,  pages  202-219. 
Goos,  R.  D.  "Fungi  of  Barro  Colorado  Island:  New  and  Interesting  Hyphomy- 

cetes."  Canadian  Journal  of  Botany,  volume  53,  number  24   (1975),  pages 

2927-2932. 
Gore,  Robert  H.  "Petrolisthes  zacae  Haig,  1968  (Crustacea,  Decapoda,  Porcel- 

lanidae) :  The  Development  of  Larvae  in  the  Laboratory."  Pacific  Science, 

volume  29,  number  2  (1975),  pages  181-196. 
Gorman,  George  C,  Yung  J.  Kim,  and  Roberta  Rubinoff.  "Genetic  Relation- 
ships of  Three  Species  of  Bathygobius  from  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Sides 

of  Panama."  Copeia,  number  2  (1976),  pages  361-364. 
Graham,  Jeffrey  B.  "Respiratory  Adaptations  of  Marine  Air-Breathing  Fishes." 

In  Respiration  of  Amphibious  Vertebrates,  edited  by  G.  M.  Hughes.  New 

York:  Academic  Press,  1976. 
.    "Hemoglobin    Concentrations    of    Air-Breathing    Fishes."    American 

Zoologist,  volume  16,  number  2  (1976),  page  192,  abstract  73. 
Heck,  Kenneth  L.  "Community  Structure  and  Effects  of  Pollution  in  Sea-Grass 

Meadows  and  Adjacent  Habitats."  Marine  Biology,  volume  35,  number  4 

(1976),  pages  345-357. 
.   "Some   Critical   Considerations   of   the  Theory   of   Species   Packing." 

Evolutionary  Theory,  volume  1  (1976),  pages  247-258. 

"Comparative   Community  Organization  in  Tropical  and  Temperate 


Sea-Grass  (Thalassia  testudinum)  Meadows."  Thesis,  The  Florida  State 
University  College  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Tallahassee,  1976. 

Hendler,  Gordon  L.  "Adaptional  Significance  of  the  Patterns  of  Ophiuroid 
Development."  American  Zoologist,  volume  15  (1975),  pages  691-715. 

Herring,   Jon   L.    "A    New    Genus    and    Species    of    Cylapinae    from   Panama 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  389 


(Hemiptera:  Miradea)."  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Wash- 
ington, volume  78,  number  1  (1976),  pages  91-94. 

Karr,  James  R.,  and  Frances  C.  James.  "Eco-morphological  Configuration  and 
Convergent  Evolution  in  Species  and  Communities."  In  Ecology  and  Evolu- 
tion of  Communities,  edited  by  Martin  L.  Cody  and  Jared  M.  Diamond. 
Cambridge,  Massachusetts:  Harvard  University  Press,  1975. 

Knight,  Dennis  H.  "A  Phytosociological  Analysis  of  Species-Rich  Tropical 
Forest  on  Barro  Colorado  Island,  Panama."  Ecological  Monographs,  volume 
45,  number  3  (1975),  pages  259-284. 

Land,  L.  S.,  J.  C.  Lang,  and  D.  J.  Barnes.  "Extension  Rate:  A  Primary  Control 
on  the  Isotropic  Composition  of  West  Indian  (Jamaican)  Scleractinian  Reef 
Coral  Skeletons."  Marine  Biology,  volume  33  (1975),  pages  221-233. 

Lawrence,  John  M.  "On  the  Reversal  of  the  Covering  Response  in  Lytechinus 
variegatus.  [Abstract]."  Florida  Naturalist,  volume  39,  number  2,  supple- 
ment 1  (1976). 

.   "Covering  Response  in  Sea   Urchins."  Nature,  volume   262,  number 

2268  (1976),  pages  490-491. 

Leek,  Charles  F.  "Weights  of  Migrants  and  Resident  Birds  in  Panama."  Bird- 
Banding,  volume  46  (1975),  pages  201-203. 

Leigh,  Egbert  G.  "Population  Fluctuations,  Community  Stability,  and  Environ- 
mental Variability."  In  Ecology  and  Evolution  of  Communities,  edited  by 
Martin  L.  Cody  and  Jared  M.  Diamond.  Cambridge,  Massachusetts:  Harvard 
University  Press,  1975,  pages  51-73. 

.  [Review]  Sex  and  Evolution,  by  George  C.  Williams.  American  Sci- 
entists, volume  64  (1976),  pages  214-216. 

"Structure  and  Climate  in  Tropical  Rain  Forest."  Annual  Review  of 


Ecology  and  Systematics,  volume  6  (1975),  pages  67-86. 

Linares,  Olga  F.  "From  the  Late  Preceramic  to  the  Early  Formative  in  the 
Intermediate  Area:  Some  Issues  and  Methodologies."  Proceedings  of  the 
First  Puerto  Rican  Symposium  on  Archaeology,  report  1  (1976),  pages  65-77. 

.  "Animales  No  Comestibles  Son  Temibles."  Revista  Nacional  de  Cul- 

tura,  number  2  (1976),  pages  5-16. 

Lubin,  Yael  D.  "Stabilimenta  and  Barrier  Webs  in  the  Orb  Webs  of  Argiope 
argentata  (Araneae,  Araneidae)  on  Daphne  and  Santa  Cruz  Islands,  Gala- 
pagos." Journal  of  Arachnology,  volume  2  (1975),  pages  119-126. 

May,  Michael  L.  "Thermoregulation  and  Adaptation  to  Temperature  in  Dra- 
gonflies  (Odonata:  Anisoptera)."  Ecological  Monographs,  volume  46  (1976), 
pages  1-32. 

Milton,  Katharine.  "Urine-Rubbing  in  the  Mantled  Howler  Monkey  Aluotta 
palliata."  Folia  Primatologica,  volume  23  (1975),  pages  105-112. 

Milton,  Katharine,  and  Michael  L.  May.  "Body  Weight,  Diet  and  Home  Range 
Area  in  Primates."  Nature,  volume  259  (1976),  pages  459-462. 

Morrison,  Douglas  Wildes.  "The  Foraging  Behavior  and  Feeding  Ecology  of 
A  Neotropical  Fruit  Bat,  Artibeus  jamaicensis."  Thesis,  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  New  York,  1975. 

Moser,  Don.  "Barro  Colorado  is  a  Noah's  Ark  in  the  Rain  Forest."  Smith- 
sonian, volume  6,  number  5  (1975),  pages  53-62. 

Moynihan,  Martin.  "Conservatism  of  Displays  and  Comparable  Stereotyped 
Patterns  Among  Cephalopods."  In  Function  and  Evolution  in  Behaviour, 
edited  by  G.  Baerends,  C.  Beer,  and  A.  Manning,  pages  276-291.  Oxford: 
Clarendon  Press,  1975. 

.  "The  New  World  Primates."  Princeton,  New  Jersey:  Princeton  Univer- 
sity Press,  1976. 

-.  "Notes  on  the  Ecology  and  Behavior  of  the  Pygmy  Marmoset  (Cebuella 


pygmaea)  in  Amazonian  Colombia."  In  Neotropical  Primates:  Field  Studies 


390  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


and  Conservation,  edited  by  R.  W.  Thorington,  Jr.,  and  P.  G.  Heltne,  pages 
79-84.  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  Washington,  D.C.,  1976. 

Rand,  William  M.,  and  A.  Stanley  Rand.  "Agonistic  Behavior  in  Nesting 
Iguanas:  A  Stochastic  Analysis  of  Dispute  Settlement  Dominated  by  Minimi- 
zation of  Energy  Cost."  Zeitschrift  fuer  Tierpsychologie,  volume  40  (1976), 
pages  279-299. 

Ranere,  Anthony  J.  "The  Preceramic  of  Panama :  The  View  from  the  Interior." 
Proceedings  of  the  First  Puerto  Rican  Symposium  on  Archaeology,  report  1 
(1976),  pages  103-135. 

Reimer,  Amada  A.  "Description  of  a  Tetraclita  salactifera  panamensis  Com- 
munity on  a  Rocky  Intertidal  Pacific  Shore  of  Panama."  Marine  Biology, 
volume  35,  number  3  (1976),  pages  225-238. 

.  "Effect  of  Crude  Oil  on  Corals."  Marine  Pollution  Bulletin,  volume  6, 

number  3  (1975),  pages  39-43. 

"Effects   of   Crude   Oil   on   the   Feeding   Behaviour   of   the   Zoanthid 


Palythoa  variabilis."  Environmental  Physiology  and  Biochemistry,  volume  5 
(1975),  pages  258-266. 

"Succession  of  Invertebrates  in  Vacant  Tests  of  Tetraclita  stalactifer 


panamensis."  Marine  Biology,  volume  35,  number  3  (1976),  pages  239-251. 

Reimer,  Roger  D.,  and  Amada  A.  Reimer.  "Chemical  Control  of  Feeding  in 
Four  Species  of  Tropical  Ophiuroids  of  the  Genus  Ophioderma."  Compara- 
tive Biochemistry  and  Physiology,  volume  51A   (1975),  pages  915-927. 

Ricklefs,  Robert  E.,  and  Kevin  O'Bourke.  "Aspect  Diversity  in  Moths:  A 
Temperate-Tropical  Comparison."  Evolution,  volume  29,  number  2  (1975), 
pages  313-324. 

Robinson,  Michael  H.,  and  Thane  Pratt.  "The  Phenology  of  Hexacentrus  mun- 
dus  (F.  Walker)  at  Wau,  Papua,  New  Guinea  (Orthoptera,  Tettigoniidae)." 
Psyche,  volume  82  (1975),  pages  315-323. 

Robinson,  Michael  H.,  and  Barbara  Robinson.  "The  Ecology  and  Behavior  of 
Nephila  maculata:  A  Supplement."  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Zoology, 
number  218  (1976). 

.  "Evolution  Beyond  the  Orb  Web:  The  Web   of  the   Araneid  Spider 

Pasilobus  sp.,  Its  Structure,  Operation  and  Construction."  Zoological  Jour- 
nal of  the  Linnean  Society,  volume  56,  number  4  (1975),  pages  301-314. 

"Techniques  in  Field  Studies  of  Spiders."  Bulletin  of  the  British  Arch- 


nological  Society,  volume  3  (1975),  pages  160-165. 

Rubinoff,  Ira.  [Review]  The  Biology  of  Sea  Snakes,  by  William  A.  Dunson. 
Science,  volume  191  (1976),  pages  555-556. 

Scott,  Norman  J.,  Don  E.  Wilson,  Clyde  Jones,  and  Robin  M.  Andrews.  "The 
Choice  of  Perch  Dimensions  by  Lizards  of  the  Genus  Anolis  (Reptilia, 
Lacertilia,  Iguanidae)."  Journal  of  Herpetology,  volume  10,  number  2  (1976), 
pages  75-84. 

Sexton,  Owen  J.  "Black  Vultures  Feeding  on  Iguana  Eggs  in  Panama."  Ameri- 
can Midland  Naturalist,  volume  93,  number  2  (1975),  pages  463-467. 

Silberglied,  Robert  E.  "Visualization  and  Recording  of  Longwave  Ultraviolet 
Reflection  from  Natural  Objects.  Part  1."  Functional  Photography,  volume 
11,  number  2  (1976),  pages  20,  24-29. 

.  "Visualization  and  Recording  of  Longwave  Ultraviolet  Reflection  from 

Naturalist  Objects.  Part  2."  Functional  Photography,  volume  11,  number  3 
(1976),  pages  31-33. 

Smith,  Alan  P.  "Altitudinal  Seed  Ecotypes  in  the  Venezuelan  Andes."  Ameri- 
can Midland  Naturalist,  volume  94   (1975),  page  247-250. 

.   "Insect    Pollination   and   Heliotropism   in   Oritrophium    limnophilum 

(Compositae)  of  the  Andean  Paramo."  Biotropica,  volume  7,  number  4 
(1975),  pages  284-286. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  391 


.  "Response  of  Plants  of  an  Andean  Paramo  Species  to  an  Artificial  Wet 

Season."   Bulletin    of   the   Torrey    Botanical   Club,   volume    102,   number  1 
(1975),  pages  28-30. 

"Vegetative  Reproductive  and  Close  Packing  in  a  Successional  Plant 


Species."  Nature,  volume  26,  number  5557  (1976),  pages  232-233. 
Tannenbaum,  Bernice  Ruth.  "Reproductive  Strategies  in  the  White-Lines  Bat." 

Thesis,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  New  York,  1975. 
Thorington,  Richard  W.,  Jr.,  Nancy  A.  Muckenhirn,  and  G.  Gene  Montgomery. 

"Movements  of  a  Wild  Night  Monkey  (Aotus  trivirgatus)."  In  Neotropical 

Primates:  Field  Studies  and  Conservation,  edited  by  R.  W.  Thorington,  Jr., 

and  P.  G.  Heltne.  National  Academy  of  Sciences,  Washington,  D.C.,  1976, 

pages  32-34. 
Todd,  Eric  S.  "Vertical  Movements  and  Development  of  the  Prolarvae  of  the 

Eleotrid    Fish,    Dormitator    latifrons."    Copeia,    number    3    (1975),    pages 

564-568. 
.  "Terrestrial  Grazing  by  the  Eastern  Tropical  Pacific  Goby  Gobionellus 

sagittula."  Copeia,  number  2  (1976),  pages  374-377. 
Waage,  Jeffrey  K.,  and  G.  Gene  Montgomery.  "Cryptoses  choloepi:  A  Copro- 

pagous   Moth  that  Lives   on  a  Sloth."  Science,  volume  193,  number  4248 

(1976),  pages  157-158. 
Warner,  Robert  R.,  D.  Ross  Robertson,  and  Egbert  G.  Leigh.  "Sex  Change  and 

Sexual  Selection."  Science,  volume  190,  number  4215  (1975),  pages  633-738. 
Weers,  Eleanor  T.,  and  Thomas  M.  Zaret.  "Grazing  Effects  in  Nannoplankton 

in  Gatun  Lake,  Panama."  Verhandlungen  der  Inter nationalen   Vereinigun 

fuer  Limnologie,  volume  19  (1975),  pages  1480-1483. 
Williams,    Norris    H.,    and    Robert    L.    Dressier.    "Euglossine    Pollination    of 

Spathiphylum  (Araceae)."  Selbyana,  volume  1  (1976),  pages  349-356. 
Windsor,  Donald  M.,  editor.  "Environmental  Monitoring  and  Baseline  Data; 

Tropical  Studies,"  409  pages.   (Compiled  under  the  Smithsonian  Institution 

Environmental  Science  Program.)  Washington:  Smithsonian  Institution,  1976. 
Windsor,  Donald,  and  Stephen  T.  Emlen.  "Predator-Prey  Interactions  of  Adult 

and  Prefledgling  Bank  Swallows  and  American  Kestrels."  Condor,  volume 

77   (1975),  pages  359-361. 
Zaret,  Thomas  M.  "Strategies  for  Existence  of  Zooplankton  Prey  in  Homo- 
geneous Environments."  Verhandlungen  der  International  Vereinigun  fuer 

Limnologie,  volume  19  (1975),  pages  1484-1489. 


HISTORY  AND  ART 

COOPER-HEWITT  MUSEUM 

Dee,  Elaine.   "Winslow   Homers   at  the   Cooper-Hewitt   Museum."   American 
Antiques,  November  1975,  pages  16-20. 

FREER  GALLERY  OF  ART 

Chase,  W.  Thomas  III.  Bronze  Disease  and  Its  Treatment.  Exhibition  catalogue. 

Bangkok  (Thailand)  National  Museum:  Department  of  Fine  Arts,  1975. 
Hobbs,  Susan.  1876:  American  Art  of  the  Centennial.  Exhibition  catalogue. 

Washington,  D.C. :  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976. 
Lovell,  Hin-cheung.  "Yen-sou's  Plum  Blossoms:  Speculations  on   Style,  Date 

and  Artist's  Identity."  In  Archives  of  Asian  Art,  volume  XXIX  (1975-1976), 

pages  59-79.  New  York:  The  Asia  Society. 
Stern,   Harold   P.   Birds,  Beasts,   Blossoms    and  Bugs:   The  Nature   of  Japan. 


392   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Exhibition  catalogue.  New  York:  Harry  N.  Abrams,  Inc.,  1976.  196  pages, 
177  black-and-white  illustrations,  86  color  plates. 

Stern,  Harold  P.,  Thomas  Lawton,  Hin-cheung  Lovell,  and  Esin  Atil.  Arts  of 
Asia  at  the  Time  of  American  Independence.  Exhibition  catalogue.  Washing- 
ton, D.C. :  Museum  Press,  Inc.,  1975.  41  pages,  106  black-and-white  illustra- 
tions. 

.   Masterpieces    of    Chinese   and   Japanese    Art,    Freer    Gallery    of   Art 

Handbook.    Baltimore:   Garamond/Pridemark   Press,   1976.    142    pages,   223 
black-and-white  illustrations,  36  color  plates. 

Winter,  John.  "Note  on  the  Preparation  and  Mounting  of  Samples  of  Chalk/ 
Glue  Ground  from  Paintings  for  Scanning  Electron  Microscopy."  In  Studies 
in  Conservation,  volume  20  (1975),  pages  169-173. 

.  "The  Working  Group  on  Reference  Materials."  International  Council 

of  Museums  Committee  for  Conservation,  Fourth  Triennial  Meeting.  Venice, 
1975.  Preprint  number  75/9/1-1  to  75/9/1-8. 

"Some  Notes  on  the  Microstructure  of  Far  Eastern  Paintings."  Inter- 


national Council  of  Museums  Committee  for  Conservation,  Fourth  Triennial 
Meeting,  Venice,  1975.  Preprint  number  75/21/2-1  to  75/21/2-6. 

HIRSHHORN  MUSEUM  AND  SCULPTURE  GARDEN 

Fox,  Howard.  "Anne  Truitt  Interviewed  by  Howard  Fox."  Sun  &  Moon,  number 

1  (Winter  1976),  pages  37-60. 
.  "A  Louis  M.  Eilshemius  Portfolio."  [Selections  with  introduction]  Sun 

&  Moon,  number  2  (Spring  1976),  pages  44-58. 
McCabe,  Cynthia  J.  "Artist-Immigrants   and  America's   Golden   Door,   1876- 

1929."  American  Art  Review,  volume  III,  number  3  (May-June  1976),  pages 

100-113. 
.  The  Golden  Door:  Artist-Immigrants  of  America,  1876-1976.  Wash- 
ington, D.C:  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976. 
Millard,  Charles  W.  "An  American  Landscape."  Print  Collector's  Newsletter, 

May-June  1976,  pages  47-48. 

.  "Anthony  Cargo."  Hudson  Review,  Winter  1975-1976,  pages  573-578. 

.  "A  Look  at  Edward  Weston."  Print  Collector's  Newsletter,  July-August 

1975,  pages  68-70. 

-.  "Sculpture  and  Theory  in  Nineteenth  Century  France."  The  Journal  of 


Aesthetics  and  Art  Criticism,  volume  XXXIV,  number  1   (Fall  1975),  pages 
15-20. 
.   "Toward   the  Liberation  of  Color."   Hudson   Review,   Summer   1976, 


pages  265-269. 
Tighe,  Mary   Ann.   "The   Caricature   of   David   Levine."    The   New   Republic, 

March  20,  1976,  pages  19-21. 
.  "Philip  Pearlstein:  Dis-Armorying  Art  History."  The  New  Republic, 

April  24,  1976,  pages  17-19. 

.  "Tuning  In  To  Audio  Tours."  Museum  News,  May-June  1976. 

-,  and  Elizabeth  Lang  (non-staff).  Instructor's  Manual  for  Art  America 


Television  Series.  Northern  Virginia  Community  College,  1975. 
Weil,  Stephen  E.  "The  Filer  Commission  Report:  Is  It  Good  for  Museums?" 

Museum  News,  volume  54,  number  5  (May-June  1976),  pages  32,  33,  49-51. 
Zilczer,  Judith  K.  "Robert  J.  Coady,  Forgotten  Spokesman  for  Avant-Garde 

Culture    in    America."   American    Art    Review,    November-December   1975, 

pages  77-90. 
.  "The  World's  New  Art  Center:  Modern  Art  Exhibitions  in  New  York 

City,  1913-1918."  Archives  of  American  Art  Journal,  volume  14,  number  3 

(1975),  pages  2-7. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   393 


JOSEPH  HENRY  PAPERS 

Hobbins,  James  M.  "Shaping  a  Provincial  Learned  Society:  The  Early  History 
of  the  Albany  Institute."  In  The  Pursuit  of  Knowledge  in  the  Early 
American  Republic,  edited  by  Alexandra  Oleson  and  Sandborn  C.  Brown, 
pages  117-150.  Baltimore:  The  Johns  Hopkins  University  Press,  1976. 

Molella,  Arthur  P.  "The  Electric  Motor,  the  Telegraph,  and  Joseph  Henry's 
Theory  of  Technological  Progress."  Proceedings  of  the  Institute  of  Electrical 
and  Electronic  Engineers,  Special  Bicentennial  Issue  (September  1976). 

Reingold,  Nathan.  "Definitions  and  Speculations:  The  Professionalization  of 
Science  in  America  in  the  Nineteenth  Century."  In  The  Pursuit  of  Knowledge 
in  the  Early  American  Republic,  edited  by  Alexandra  Oleson  and  Sandborn 
C.  Brown,  pages  33-69.  Baltimore:  The  Johns  Hopkins  University  Press, 
1976. 

.  "Reflections  on  200  Years  of  Science  in  the  USA."  Nature,  volume  262 

(1976),  pages  9-13. 

-.  "Lewis  Morris  Rutherfurd."  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  edited 


by    Charles    C.    Gillispie,    volume    12,    pages    36-37.    New    York:    Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Edward  Sabine."  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  edited  by  Charles 


C.  Gillispie,  volume  12,  pages  49-53.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons, 
1975. 

-.  "Charles  Anthony  Schott."  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  edited 


by   Charles   C.    Gillispie,   volume   12,   pages    209-210.    New    York:    Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Robert   Simpson    Woodward."    Dictionary    of   Scientific    Biography, 


edited  by  Charles  C.  Gillispie,  volume  14,  pages  503-504.  New  York:  Charles 
Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

editor.  Science   in  America  Since  1820.  New  York:   Science  History 


Publications,  1976. 

Rothenberg,  Marc.  "American  Science — Two  Hundred  Years  of  Development." 
Science,  volume  191  (1976),  pages  171-172. 


NATIONAL  COLLECTION  OF  FINE  ARTS 

BOOKS 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts.  Directory  to  the  Bicentennial  Inventory  of 

American  Paintings  Executed  before  1914.  New  York:  Arno  Press,  Inc.,  July 

1976,  212  pages. 
Norelli,  Martina  R.  American  Wildlife  Painting.  New  York:   Watson-Guptill 

Publications,   Inc.,   1975,   224   pages,   100   black-and-white    illustrations,   64 

color  plates. 
Taylor,  Joshua  C.  America  As  Art.  Washington,  D.C. :  Smithsonian  Institution 

Press,   April   1976,  320   pages,   336   black-and-white   illustrations,   10   color 

plates. 

ARTICLES 

Adams,  Karen  M.  "The  Black  Image  in  the  Paintings  of  William  Sidney 
Mount."  The  American  Art  Journal,  volume  7,  number  2  (November  1975). 

Bassing,  Allen.  "Museums  U.S.A."  [Review]  Roundtable  Reports,  Museum 
Education  Roundtable,  Washington,  D.C.  (October  1975). 

.  "Primitive  Art/Masterworks.  [Review]  African  Arts,  volume  9,  num- 
ber 3  (April  1976).  African  Studies  Center,  University  of  California  at  Los 
Angeles. 


394   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "Report  on  the  Rockefeller  Foundation  Pre-AAM  Conference."  Round- 
table  Reports,  Museum  Education  Roundtable,  Washington,  D.C.  (October 
1975). 

"The   Snobbery  of   Collectors."   African    Arts,   volume   9,   number   3 


(April    1976).    African    Studies    Center,    University    of    California    at    Los 
Angeles. 

and  Teresa   Grana.   "Meet   Me  in   St.   Louie,   Louie,   or   Looking   for 


Museum  Educators."  Roundtable  Reports,  Museum  Education   Roundtable, 
Washington,  D.C.  (May  1976). 

Bolton-Smith,  Robin.  Catalogue  essays  on  miniatures  in  Philadelphia:  Three 
Centuries  of  American  Art.  Exhibition  catalogue.  Philadelphia  Museum  of 
Art,  1976. 

.    Essay    in    Portrait    Miniatures    from    Private    Collections.    Exhibition 

checklist.  Washington,  D.C:  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  September  1976. 

Breeskin,  Adelyn  D.  Introduction  to  Romaine  Brooks,  Thief  of  Souls.  Smith- 
sonian Institution  Traveling  Exhibition  Service.  Fall  1975. 

.  "Biographical  Notes."  In  Bob  Thompson.  Exhibition  checklist.  Decem- 
ber 1975. 

Chieffo,  Patricia.  "Saving  Our  Past  for  the  Future."  Georgetown  Today  (July 
1976). 

Cogswell,  Margaret.  Essay  in  Images  of  an  Era:  The  American  Poster,  1945-75. 
Exhibition  publication.  October  1975. 

Fink,  Eleanor  E.  "Collecting  the  Photograph."  Art  Library  Societies  of  North 
America  Newsletter,  volume  3,  number  6  (October  1975). 

Flint,  Janet  A.  Essay  in  Louis  Lozowick:  Drawings  and  Lithographs.  Exhibition 
checklist.  September  1975. 

.  "Checklist  of  Prints."  In  Peggy  Bacon:  Personalities  and  Places.  Ex- 
hibition catalogue.  December  1975. 

Essay  in  .  .  .  and  there  was  light:  Studies  by  Abraham  Rattner  for 


the  Stained  Class  Window,  Chicago  Loop  Synagogue.  Exhibition  catalogue. 
January  1976. 

Essay  in  George  Miller  and  American  Lithography.  Exhibition  check- 


list. February  1976. 

Hartigan,  Lynda  R.  "James  Hampton:  Washington's  Visionary."  Washington 
Review  of  the  Arts,  volume  2,  number  1  (Spring  1976). 

Hobbs,  Susan.  Essay  in  1876:  American  Art  of  the  Centennial.  Exhibition 
catalogue.  June  1976. 

Hopps,  Walter.  Essay  in  Sam  Gilliam:  Paintings  and  Works  on  Paper.  Ex- 
hibition catalogue.  J.  B.  Speed  Art  Museum,  Louisville,  Kentucky.  January 
1976. 

Hormats,  Bess.  "Prussian  Treasures  Hidden  by  Nazis."  Art  News,  volume  74, 
number  9  (November  1975). 

Lewton,  Val  E.  "Where  Has  All  the  Color  Gone."  Washington  Review  of  the 
Arts  (November  1975). 

Taylor,  Joshua  C.  Foreword  to  The  Designs  of  Raymond  Loewy.  Exhibition 
catalogue.  August  1975. 

.  Foreword  to  Peggy  Bacon:  Personalities  and  Places.  Exhibition  cata- 
logue. December  1975. 

"The  Religious  Impulse  in  American  Art."  Papers  on  American  Art, 


The  Friends  of  Independence  National  Historical  Park,  1976. 

Introduction  to  Emanuel  Leutze,  1816-1868:  Freedom  Is  The  Only  King. 


Exhibition  publication.  January  1976. 

"Three  Centuries  of  American  Art:  John  D.  Rockefeller  3rd's  Personal 


American  Art  Collection."  Smithsonian,  volume  7,  number  1  (April  1976). 
Truettner,  William  H.  "'Scenes  of  Majesty  and  Enduring  Interest':  Thomas 
Moran  Goes  West."  The  Art  Bulletin  (June  1976). 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  395 


Walker,  William  B.  "From  the  Chair."  Art  Libraries  Society  of  North  America 
Newsletter,  volume  3,  numbers  4-6  (Summer-October  1975),  and  volume  4, 
number  1  (December  1975). 

NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  HISTORY  AND  TECHNOLOGY 

BOOKS  AND  SEPARATE  PUBLICATIONS 

Battison,  Edwin  A.  Muskets  to  Mass  Production.  Windsor,  Vermont:  American 
Precision  Museum,  1976,  32  pages,  36  illustrations. 

Bedini,  Silvio  A.  Thinkers  and  Tinkers,  Early  American  Men  of  Science.  New 
York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975,  521  pages,  102  illustrations. 

Bruns,  Franklin  R.,  Jr.  The  Color  Handbook.  Omaha,  Nebraska:  The  Collectors 
Institute,  Ltd.,  1976,  76  pages,  46  color  charts  plus  three  color  isolation  aid 
sheets. 

Chapelle,  Howard  I.  The  National  Watercraft  Collection  (second  edition). 
Washington,  D.C. :  Smithsonian  Institution  Press  and  Camden,  Maine:  Inter- 
national Marine  Publishing  Company,  1976,  xiii  -f-  399  pages,  250  illustra- 
tions. 

Clain-Stefanelli,  Elvira  and  Vladimir.  Chartered  for  Progress,  Two  Centuries 
of  American  Banking.  Washington,  D.C:  Acropolis  Press,  1976,  144  pages. 

Collins,  Herbert  R.,  with  David  Weaver.  Wills  of  the  U.S.  Presidents.  New 
York:  Communication  Channels,  Inc.,  1976,  286  pages. 

Cooper,  Grace  R.  The  Sewing  Machine:  Its  Invention  and  Development. 
Washington,  D.C:  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976,  240  pages. 

Davis,  Audrey  B.,  and  Uta  C  Merzbach.  Early  Auditory  Studies:  Activities  in 
the  Psychology  Laboratories  of  American  Universities.  Washington,  DC: 
Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1975,  39  pages. 

Eklund,  Jon  B.  The  Incompleat  Chymist.  Washington,  DC:  Smithsonian 
Institution  Press,  1975,  49  pages. 

Forman,  Paul,  John  L.  Heilbron,  and  Spencer  Weart.  Physics  circa  1900: 
Personnel,  Funding,  and  Productivity  of  the  Academic  Establishments. 
Historical  Studies  in  the  Physical  Sciences,  5.  Princeton,  New  Jersey:  Prince- 
ton University  Press,  1975,  185  pages. 

Harmaneh,  Sami  K.  Catalogue  of  Arabic  Manuscripts  on  Medicine  and 
Pharmacy  at  the  British  Library.  Cairo,  Egypt:  Les  Editions  Universitaires 
D'Egypte,  1975,  xvii  +  276  +  16  pages  English  text,  16  pages  Arabic  text. 

.   Islamic  Bicentennial   Exhibition.   Washington,   DC:    McGregor    and 

Werner,  1976,  28  pages,  illustrated. 

Harris,  Michael  R.  Drugs  and  Their  Dispensers.  Booklet.  Washington,  D.C: 
Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976,  12  pages,  52  illustrations. 

Hindle,  Brooke,  editor.  America's  Wooden  Age.  Tarrytown,  New  York:  Sleepy 
Hollow  Restorations,  1975,  vii  +  218  pages. 

,  editor.  Early  American  Science.  New  York:  Science  History  Publica- 
tions, Neale  Watson  Academic  Publications,  Inc.,  1976,  xiv  +  213  pages. 

Howell,  Edgar  M.  United  States  Army  Headgear  1855-1902.  Washington,  DC: 
Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1975,  109  pages,  63  illustrations. 

Hutchins,  James  S.  Boots  &  Saddles  at  the  Little  Bighorn:  Weapons,  Dress, 
Equipment,  Horses,  and  Flags  of  General  Custer's  Seventh  U.S.  Cavalry  in 
1876.  Fort  Collins,  Colorado:  The  Old  Army  Press,  1976,  81  pages. 

Klapthor,  Margaret  B.  The  First  Ladies.  Washington,  DC:  White  House 
Historical  Association,  1975,  85  pages,  39  illustrations. 

.  The  First  Ladies  Hall.  Booklet.  Washington,  DC:  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion Press,  1975,  4th  edition,  22  pages,  19  illustrations. 

Marzio,  Peter  C,  editor.  A  Nation  of  Nations.  New  York:  Harper  and  Row, 
1976,  670  pages. 


396  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mayr,  Otto,  editor.   Philosophers  and  Machines.  New  York:   Science  History 

Publications,  1976. 
Merzbach,  Uta  C,  and  Audrey  B.  Davis.  Early  Auditory  Studies:  Activities  in 

the  Psychology  Laboratories  of  American  Universities.   Washington,  D.C. : 

Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1975,  39  pages. 
Norton,  George,  Jr.,  and  Darlie  Norton.  A  History  of  Suitland.  Denton,  Mary- 
land: Baker  Printing  Company,  1976,  43  pages. 
Ostroff,  Eugene.  Photographing  the  Frontier.  Smithsonian  Institution  Traveling 

Exhibition   Services   catalogue.   Washington,   D.C:   Smithsonian   Institution 

Press,  1975,  32  pages. 
Post,   Robert  C,  editor.   1876:   A    Centennial  Exhibition.    Washington,    D.C: 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976,  224  pages  +   16  page 

supplement,  344  illustrations. 
White,  John  H.,  Jr.  The  Pioneer  Chicago's  First  Locomotive.  Chicago:  Chicago 

Historical  Society,  1976,  32  pages. 

ARTICLES,  PAPERS,  AND  RECORDS 

Adrosko,  Rita  J.  Introduction  to  Early  American  Weaving  and  Dyeing.  New 
York:  Dover  Publications,  Inc.,  1976  (reprint  of  a  book  first  published  in 
1817). 

.  "Textiles."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  123-125.  Washing- 
ton, DC:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 

"The  Cromptons."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  203-207.  New  York : 


Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Ahlborn,  Richard  E.  "Moving  On."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  page  160.  New 

York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
,  and  Grace  R.  Cooper.  "The  Home  Crafts  and  Folk  Arts."  In  A  Nation 

of  Nations,  pages  248-275.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Alexander,  Sheila  M.,  with  Paul  V.  Gardner.  "Glassware."  In  1876:  A  Centen- 
nial  Exhibition,   pages   115-117.    Washington,   DC:   National   Museum   of 

History  and  Technology,  1976. 
Battison,  Edwin  A.  "Historical  Survey  of  Clockmaking  in  the  United  States." 

In    Dictionary    of   American    History,    pages    78-80.    New    York:    Charles 

Scribner's  Sons,  volume  2,  1976. 
.  "Interchangeable  Manufacture."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History, 

pages  441-443.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  volume  3,  1976. 

"The  Phonograph."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  pages  289-291. 


New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  volume  5,  1976. 

-.  "The  Typewriter."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  pages  135-137. 


New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  volume  7,  1976. 

Battison,  Edwin  A.,  with  Deborah  J.  Warner.  "Timekeeping  Devices."  In  1876: 
A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  145-147.  Washington,  DC:  National  Mu- 
seum of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 

Bedini,  Silvio  A.  "Artisans  in  Wood:  The  Mathematical  Instrument  Makers." 
In  America's  Wooden  Age:  Aspects  of  Its  Early  Technology,  edited  by 
Brooke  Hindle,  pages  85-119,  15  illustrations.  Tarrytown,  New  York:  Sleepy 
Hollow  Restorations,  1975. 

.  "Oriental  Concepts  of  the  Measure  of  Time:  The  Role  of  the  Mechan- 
ical Clock  in  Japan  and  China."  In  The  Study  of  Time  II,  edited  by  J.  T. 
Fraser  and  N.  Lawrence,  pages  451-484,  26  illustrations.  New  York  & 
Heidelberg:  Springer-Verlag,  1975. 

Foreword  to  Fox-Ellicott-Evans  American  Family  History  by  Charles 


Worthington  Evans,  Martha  Ellicott  Tyson,  and  G.  Hunter  Bartlett,  pages 
vii-viii.  Cockeysville,  Maryland:  Fox-Ellicott-Evans  Fund,  1976. 

-.  "Benjamin  Banneker,  The  First  Black  Man  of  Science."  Science  and 


Children,  volume  13,  number  4  (January  1976),  pages  19-21,  2  illustrations. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  397 


.  "The  Practical  Sciences  in  the  American  Revolution."  The  Daughters 

of  the  American  Revolution  Magazine,  volume  110,  number  6   (July  1976), 
pages  766-775,  6  illustrations. 

"Andrew  Ellicott,  Surveyor  of  the  Wilderness."  Surveying  and  Map- 


ping, volume  XXXVI,  number  2  (June  1976),  pages  113-135,  18  illustrations. 
"The  Case   of  the  Wandering  Watch."   The   Smithsonian   magazine, 


volume  7,  number  7  (October  1976),  pages  134-143,  6  illustrations. 
Berkebile,  Don  H.  "Roads  and  Coaches."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  161- 

175.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
.  "Canals."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  176-177.  New  York:  Harper 

&  Row,  1976. 

"Carriages   and   Road  Vehicles."   In   1876:   A   Centennial   Exhibition, 


pages  131-133.  Washington,  D.C. :  National  Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology, 1976. 

Bruns,  Franklin  R.,  Jr.  "More  on  the  Philatelic  Truck."  S.P.A  Journal,  volume 
38,  number  7  (March  1976),  pages  411-424. 

.  "Counterfeit  Stamps."  Postal  Inspection  Service  Bulletin,  Spring  1976, 

pages  8-13. 

'Pictorial  Treasury  of  U.S.  Stamps."  [Review]   Historic  Preservation, 


volume  27,  number  4   (October-December  1975),  pages  41-42. 

Stamp  (and  coin)  weekly  syndicated  columns,  July  6,  1975-June  27, 


1976,  in  the  Washington  Post,  Washington,  D.C;  Posf,  Denver,  Colorado; 
Times,  St.  Petersburg,  Florida;  Star-Ledger,  Newark,  New  Jersey;  Times- 
Union,  Albany,  New  York;  Post-Standard,  Syracuse,  New  York;  and  Patriot- 
News,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania. 

Bruton,  Elsa,  with  Herbert  R.  Collins.  "State  Exhibits."  In  1876:  A  Centennial 
Exhibition,  pages  189-205.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of  History 
and  Technology,  1976. 

Bruton,  Elsa,  with  Everett  Jackson,  and  Michael  Harris.  "Medicine  and 
Dentistry."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  153-157.  Washington, 
DC:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 

Cannon,  Faye.  "Charles  Lyell,  Radical  Actualism,  and  Theory."  British  Jour- 
nal for  the  History  of  Science,  volume  9  (1976),  pages  104-120. 

.  "The  Darwin-Whewell  Controversy."  Proceedings   of  the  Geological 

Society  of  London,  volume  132  (1975-1976),  pages  377-384. 

"Scientific  and  Surveying  Instruments."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibi- 


tion, page  137.  Washington,  DC:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology, 1976. 

Clain-Stefanelli,  Elvira.  "Miinzen  und  Medaillen  der  Friihzeit  der  Munze  zu 
Philadelphia."  In  Die  CriXndung  der  Vereinigten  Staaten  von  Amerika  1775- 
1789,  pages  19-26.  Wurzburg,  1976. 

Collins,  Herbert  R.  "The  Statue  of  Liberty."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages 
137-141.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

.  Contributor  to  We  the  People  catalogue,  pages  40-52,  56-60.  Washing- 
ton, DC:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1975. 

-.   "Presidents   on  Wheels."  Antique   Automobile,   Antique   Automobile 


Club  of  America,  July-August  1976. 

-.  "Bully  For  You,  Teddy."  The  Standard,  Association  for  the  Preserva- 


tion of  political  Americana,  Spring  1976,  pages  14  and  25. 

"If  I  Can't  Make  the  White  House,  I'll  Take  the  Garage."  Parking, 


July  1975,  pages  16-20  and  35. 

Cooper,  Grace  R.  "Importing  a  Revolution."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages 
196-202.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

.  "Sewing  Machine."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  revised  edi- 
tion, pages  264-265.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 


398   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.  "Cotton  Gin."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  revised  edition,  page 

240.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
Cooper,  Grace  R.,  with  Richard  E.  Ahlborn.  "The  Home  Crafts  and  Folk  Arts." 

In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  248-265.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Davis,  Audrey  B.,  Michael  M.  Sokal  and  Uta  C.  Merzbach.  "A  National  Inven- 
tory of  Historic  Psychological  Apparatus."  Journal  of  the  History  of  the 

Behavioral  Sciences,  volume  11  (1975),  pages  284-286. 
.  "Laboratory   Instruments  in   the  History  of  Psychology."  Journal  of 

the  History  of  the  Behavioral  Sciences,  volume  12  (1976),  pages  59-64. 
Dirks,    Katherine.    "An    Introduction    to    Textile    Storage."    Journal    of    the 

American  Home  Economics  Association,  volume  68,  number  3  (May  1976), 

pages  8-10. 
Eklund,  Jon   B.   "Eleuthere   Irenee   du   Pont   de   Nemours   and   the   American 

Gunpowder  Trade."   In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  237-239.   New  York: 

Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Fesperman,   John   T.   "Organs   and   Organ   Building   in   the   Americas   before 

1775."  The  Bicentennial  Tracker,  1976,  pages  24-28. 
.   Catalogue  description  for  Kirkman  harpsichord  and  English  guitar. 

In  The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson,  pages  19-20.  National  Gallery  of  Art,  1976. 
"Music  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson."  Notes  for  recording  and  descrip- 


tion of  Smithsonian  instruments  used. 

Finn,   Bernard  S.   "History   of  Electrical  Technology,   the   State   of  the  Art." 
Isis,  volume  67  (1976),  pages  31-35. 

.  "Electricity."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  63-65.  Washing- 
ton, D.C. :  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 

-.  "Everywhere  is  Here  and  Now."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  610- 


629.  New  York  City:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"H.  D.  Ruhmkorff."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume  11, 


pages  603-604.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"W.   Sturgeon."   In   Dictionary   of  Scientific   Biography,   volume   13, 


page  126.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
Forman,  Paul.  "Walter  Ritz."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume  11, 

pages  475-481.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 
.  "Carl  Runge."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume  11,  pages 

610-615.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Adolf  Smekal."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific   Biography,  volume   12, 


pages  463-465.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Arnold  Sommerfeld."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume 


12,  pages  525-532.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Albert  Einstein."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  302-305.  New  York: 


Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Gardner,  Paul  V.,  with  Sheila  M.  Alexander.  "Glassware."  In  1876:  A  Cen- 
tennial Exhibition,  pages  114-117.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of 

History  and  Technology,  1976. 
.  "1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition."  The  Class  Club  Bulletin,  number 

116,  pages  3-9. 
Goins,  Craddock  R.  "The  Evolution  of  the  American  Rifle — A  Pictorial  Essay." 

In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  232-236.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Goins,  Craddock  R.,  with  Donald  Kloster.  "The  War  Department."  In  1876: 

A  Centennial  Exhibition,  page  83.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of 

History  and  Technology,  1976. 
Golovin,  Anne  C.  "Foreign  Nations."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages 

176-188,  33  illustrations.  Washington,  DC:  National  Museum  of  History 

and  Technology,  1976. 
Golovin,  Anne  C,  assisted  by  Rodris   Roth.  "Furniture  Making — Immigrant 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  399 


Hands   and  Yankee  Machines."   In   A   Nation   of  Nations,  pages   211-223, 

3  illustrations.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Hamarneh,  Sami  K.  "The  Life  Sciences."  In  The  Genius  of  Arab  Civilization, 

edited  by  John  R.  Hayes,  pages  143-172.  New  York:  New  York  University 

Press,  1975. 
.  "Ya'qub  b.  Ishaq  Ibn  al-Quff."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography, 

volume  11,  pages  238-239.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"A  Brief  Survey  of  Islamic  Medicine  During  the  Middle  Ages."  The 


Journal  of  the  Islamic  Medical  Association,  volume  7,  number  1  (1976),  pages 
21-25. 

-.  "Abu'l-Hasan  al-Tabari."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume 


13  pages  229-231.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Amin  al-Dawlah  Ibn  al-Tilmidh."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biog- 


raphy, volume  13,  pages  415-416.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
-.  "Abu  Bakr  A.  ibn  Wahshiya."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography, 


volume  14,  pages  117-119.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Abu'l-Qasim    al-Zahrawi."    In    Dictionary    of    Scientific    Biography, 


volume  14,  pages  584-585.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

-.  "Abu  Marwan  ibn  Zuhr."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume 


14,  pages  637-639.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"The   Pharmacy   and   Materia   Medica   of   al-Biruni    and   al-Ghafiqi. 


Pharmacy  in  History,  volume  18  (1976),  pages  3-12. 

-.  "Arabic  Glass  Seals  on  Early  Eighth  Century  Containers  for  Materia 


Medica."  Pharmacy  in  History,  volume  18  (1976),  pages  51-56. 

Harris,  Elizabeth.  "Printing."  In  2876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  page  61. 
Washington,  D.C. :  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 

.  "The  Printing  Arts."  In  A  Nation   of  Nations,  pages  229-231.  New 

York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

Harris,  Michael,  with  Everett  Jackson,  and  Elsa  M.  Bruton,  "Medicine  and 
Dentistry."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  152-157.  Washington, 
D.C:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 

Hindle,  Brooke.  "The  Underside  of  the  Learned  Society  in  New  York."  In 
The  Pursuit  of  Knowledge  in  the  Early  American  Republic,  edited  by 
Alexander  Oleson  and  Sanborn  C.  Brown,  pages  84-116.  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land: The  Johns  Hopkins  University  Press,  1976. 

.  Foreword  to  The  Frontiers  of  Knowledge,  The  Frank  Nelson  Double- 
day  Lectures,  1974-1975.  Garden  City,  Doubleday  &  Company,  Inc.,  1975, 
pages  v-ix. 

Introduction  to  Building  Early  America,  edited  by  Charles  E.  Peterson, 


pages  xv-xvi.  Radnor,  Pennsylvania:  Chilton  Book  Company,  1976. 

-.    Introduction    to   A   Nation    of   Nations,   pages   xv-xviii.    New    York, 


Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Hoffman,  John  N.  "Mining  Frontiers — A  Bicentennial  Review,  1776  to  1976," 

Mining    Congress    Journal,   volume   62,   number   2    (February   1976),   pages 

63-67. 
.  "Coal."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History  (revised  edition),  pages 

84-86.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
Hollis,   Helen   R.   "Musical   Instruments   of  the   Baroque   and   Early   Classical 

Eras:   an   Audio   Visual   Presentation."   Smithsonian   Institution,   56    slides, 

2  cassette  tape  recordings  and  descriptive  booklet. 
Hoover,  Cynthia  A.   "The  Steinways."  In  A  Nation   of  Nations,  pages   210. 

New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
.  "Music  and  Musical  Instruments."  In  2876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition, 

pages   138-143,   11    illustrations.   Washington,   D.C:   National   Museum   of 

History  and  Technology,  1976. 
Hughes,  Ellen  Roney,  with   Kip   Cardero.   "Educating  Everyone — A   Pictorial 


400  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Essay."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  306-323.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row, 

1976. 
Jackson,   Everett   A.   "A   Bicentennial   Salute   to   Dentistry."    Chicago    Dental 

Review,  July  1976,  pages  10-16. 
Jackson,  Everett,  with  Michael  Harris,  and  Elsa  M.   Burton,   "Medicine   and 

Dentistry."  In  2876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  152-157.  Washington, 

D.C. :  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 
Jackson,  Melvin  H.  "Transatlantic  Travel."  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  116- 

130.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Kidwell,  Claudia  B.  "Paper  Patterns."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages 

126-129.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology, 

1976. 
.  "Bicentennial  Outlook:  Riches,  Rags,  and  In-Between."  Historic  Pres- 
ervation, July-September  1976,  pages  28-33. 
Klapthor,    Margaret    B.    "The    White    House    Porcelain."    Connoisseur,    May 

1976,  pages  16-20. 
Kloster,  Donald.  "Military  Uniformity:  A  Pictorial  Essay."   In  A  Nation   of 

Nations,  pages  326-351.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Kloster,  Donald,  with  Craddock  R.  Goins.  "The  War  Department."  In  2876: 

A  Centennial  Exhibition,  page  83.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of 

History  and  Technology,  1976. 
Langley,  Harold  D.  "The  Navy  Department."  In  2876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition, 

pages  86-87.  Washington,  DC:   National  Museum  of  History   and  Tech- 
nology, 1976. 
.  "The  Treasury  Department."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages 

97-99.   Washington,  DC:  National  Museum   of  History   and  Technology, 

1976. 

-.  "The  Objects  of  the  Revolution:  A  Pictorial  Essay."  In  A  Nation  of 


Nations,  pages  96-113.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Lundeberg,  Philip  K.  "Museums  as  Historical  Resources."  In  A  Guide  to  the 

Sources  of  United  States  Military  History,  edited  by  Robin  Higham,  pages 

547-559.  Hamden,  Connecticut:  Archon,  1975. 
.   "Sea  Mines   in  the  Defense   of   Kiel,   1848-1849."   In   Seemacht   und 

Ceschichte:  Festschrift  zum  80.  Geburstag  von  Friedrich  Ruge,  Deutsches 

Marine  Institut.  Bonn-Bad  Godesberg:  MOV  Verlag,  1975. 

"Shipbuilding  in  the  United  Colonies  as  Revealed  in  the  Continental 


Gondola  Philadelphia."  In  The  American  Revolution  and  the  Sea:  The 
Proceedings  of  the  XIV  Conference  of  the  International  Commission  for 
Maritime  History,  July  7-13,  1974,  pages  134-138.  Greenwich,  London: 
National  Maritime  Museum,  1975. 

"The  Navy  Department."  In  2876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  87- 


93.  Washington,  DC:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 
Mayo,  Edith  P.  "Foremothers   Featured  in  Smithsonian  Exhibit."  Bulletin  of 

the  National  Council  of  Women,  volume  XXIII,  number  5  (February  1976) 

pages  3-4. 
Mayr,   Otto.   "Yankee   Practice   and   Engineering   Theory:    Charles   T.   Porter 

and   the   Dynamics    of   the   High   Speed   Steam    Engine."    Technology    and 

Culture  16   (1975),  pages  570-602. 
.   "Mass   Production:   An   Example   of   Global   Give   and  Take."    In   A 

Nation  of  Nations,  pages  508-519.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"From  Guns  to  Cars:  Products  for  Mass  Consumption."  In  A  Nation 


of  Nations,  pages  520-563.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"Henri  Pitot."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  pages  4-5.  New 


York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Ferdinand   Jakob   Redtenbacher."   In   Dictionary  of  Scientific    Biog- 


raphy, pages  343-344.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  401 


.  "Georg  Friedrich  von  Reichenbach."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biog- 
raphy, pages  354-355.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

'Franz  Reuleaux."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  pages  383- 


385.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Aurel  Boleslav  Stodola."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume 


13,  pages  72-74.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Gustav  Anton  Zeuner."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume 


14,  pages  617-618.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
Merzbach,  Uta  C.  "Bridges  and  Pillars  in  Dirichlet's  Mathematics."  [Abstract] 

Notices  of  the  American  Mathematical  Society,  January  23,  1976. 
,  Audrey  B.  Davis,  and  Michael  M.  Sokal.  "A  National  Inventory  of 

Historic  Psychological  Apparatus."  Journal  of  the  History  of  the  Behavioral 

Sciences,  volume  11   (1975),  pages  284-286. 

-,  Audrey  B.  Davis,  and  Michael  Sokal.  "Laboratory  Instruments  in  the 


History  of  Psychology."  Journal  of  the  History  of  the  Behavioral  Sciences, 
volume  12  (1976),  pages  59-64. 

Miller,  J.  Jefferson  II.,  and  Anne  Marie  Serio.  "Status  and  Prejudice:  A  Pic- 
torial Essay."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  276-297.  New  York:  Harper  & 
Row,  1976. 

Multhauf,  Robert  P.  "The  History  of  Science  Society  and  its  Concerns."  Isis, 
volume  66  (1975),  pages  454-467. 

.  "A  History  of  Magnesia  Alba."  Annals  of  Science,  volume  33  (1976), 

pages  197-200. 

-.  "America's  Wooden  Age."  In  Building  Early  America,  edited  by  C.  E. 


Peterson,  pages  23-24.  Radnor,  Pennsylvania,  1976. 

"Immigrants  and  Minerals.  Four  episodes."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations, 


pages  240-242.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Murray,  Anne  W.  "From  Breeches   to  Sherryvallies."  Dress.   The  Journal  of 

the  Costume  Society  of  America,  volume  II,  number  1  (1976),  pages  17-33 

(cover  and  13   illustrations).   First   published  in  Waffenund  Kostumkunde, 

volume  16,  number  2  (1974). 
Myers,  Susan  H.  "Castle  Garden."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  131-134. 

New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
.  "Ellis   Island."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  135-136.  New  York: 

Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"Ceramics."   In    1876:   A    Centennial  Exhibition,   pages    108-113,    11 


illustrations.   Washington,  D.C. :   National   Museum   of  History   and  Tech- 
nology, 1976. 

-.  "Silver."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  119-121,  8  illustra- 


tions. Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 
"Capitol  Hill,  1870-1900:  The  People  and  Their  Homes."  Records  of 


the   Columbia   Historical   Society   (1973-1974),  volume   49,   pages   276-299. 

Charlottesville,  Virginia:  University  Press  of  Virgnia,  1976. 
Norby,    Reider.    "The    Scandinavian    Stamp    Lexicon."    Scandinavian    Scribe, 

volume  11,   numbers   6-9,   11    (1975),   pages   87-90,  103-106,   119-122,   133- 

140,  157-164. 
.  "Scandinavian  Varieties."  Scandinavian  Scribe,  volume  11  (1975),  pages 

110,  124-125,  151. 
Odell,   J.   Scott,  Thomas   Wolf,   and   Sheridan   Germann.   "A   Louis   Dulcken 

Fortepiano   of   c.    1790."    Full-scale   technical   drawing,    available   in   paper 

and  mylar  prints  from  the  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology, 

Division  of  Musical  Instruments. 
Ostroff,  Eugene.  "Photography."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  148- 

151.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 
.   "Jacob   Riis— The  Other  Half."   In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  page  505. 

New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 


402  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Pogue/  Forrest  C.  Chapter  on  General  of  the  Army  Omar  N.  Bradley  in  The 
War  Lords.  Military  Commanders  of  the  Twentieth  Century,  edited  by 
Field  Marshal  Sir  Michael  Carver,  16  pages.  London:  Weidenfield  and  Nicol- 
son,  1976. 

.  "Economy  Before  Preparedness."  Defense  Management  Journal,  July 

1976,  pages  14-18. 

"La    Conduite    de    la    guerre    aux    Etats-Unis    (1942-1945)."    Revue 


d'Histoire  de  la  Deuxieme  Guerre  Mondiale,  October  1975,  pages  67-94. 
Post,   Robert  C.   "A   Look   Backward:   233  Years   of  Electricity   in   America." 

Electrical  Contractor,  volume  41   (July  1976),  pages  26-34,  76-77. 
.    "About    the    Exhibit."    In    The    Centennial    Post,   Washington,    D.C. : 

Smithsonian  Institution  and  The  Washington  Post,  1976. 

-.  "Arno  Reprints  Reconsidered  (Again)."  I  A:  The  Journal  of  the  Society 


for  Industrial  Archeology,  volume  1  (Summer  1975),  pages  68-69. 
.  "Bicentennial  Preparations."  ASME  News  Letter,  (March  1975),  pages 


1,  4. 

"Film  and  the  Historian  of  Technology  [Program  Summaries]."  Tech- 


nology and  Culture,  volume  16  (July  1975),  pages  435-437. 
.    "  'Liberalizers'    versus    'Scientific    Men'    in    the    Antebellum    Patent 


Office."  Technology  and  Culture,  volume  17  (January  1976),  pages  24-54. 

'Louis  Agassiz — Scientist  and  Teacher."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages 


324-325.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"Stray  Sparks  From  the  Induction  Coil:  The  Volta  Prize  and  the  Page 


Patent."  Proceedings  of  the  IEEE,  volume  64  (September  1976),  pages  1279- 
1287. 

Roth,  Rodris.  "Furniture."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages  102-107, 
8  illustrations.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Tech- 
nology, 1976. 

Scheele,  Carl  H.  "American  Entertainment — An  Immigrant  Domain."  In  A 
Nation  of  Nations,  pages  410-453.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

.  "Baseball — A  Shared  Excitement."  A  Nation  of  Nations,  New  York: 

Harper  &  Row,  1976,  pages  454-477. 

'At  Home — The  American  Dream."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages 


478-504.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Schlebecker,  John  T.  "Agricultural  Markets  and  Marketing  in  the  North,  1774- 

1777."  Agricultural  History,  volume  50   (January  1976),  pages  21-36. 
.  "Grasshoppers."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History  (revised  edition), 

pages  212-213.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Livestock."    In    Dictionary   of   American    History    (revised   edition), 


pages  169-170.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
Serio,  Anne  Marie,  with  J.   J.  Miller  II.   "Status   and   Prejudice — A   Pictorial 

Essay."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  276-297,  22  illustrations.  New  York: 

Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
.    "The    American    Diet — An    Ethnic    Mix:    American    Cookbooks    and 

Foreign  Recipes."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  581-596,  18  illustrations. 

New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Sharrer,  G.  Terry.  "U.  S.  Patents  by  Marylanders  1790-1830."  Maryland  His- 
torical Magazine,  volume  71,  number  1   (Spring  1976),  pages  50-59. 
.  "Flour  Milling."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History  (revised  edition), 

pages  42-44.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Cereal  Grains."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History  (revised  edition), 


page  486.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
Sivowitch,  Elliot  N.  "Communications  Satellites."  In  Dictionary  of  American 

History,  volume  2,  pages  142-143.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 
.  "Masers  and  Lasers."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  volume  4, 

pages  262-263.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  403 


.  "Radio."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  volume  4,  pages  14-16. 

New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Television."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  volume  7,  New  York: 


Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

-,  and  Bernard  S.  Finn.  "Everywhere  is  Here  and  Now."  In  A  Nation  of 


Nations,  pages  610-629.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Turner,  Craig  J.  "A  Black  Jack  With  a  Star  on  the   Chin."  S.P.A.  Journal, 

volume  37,  number  10  (June  1975),  pages  623-629. 
.  "Asher  Brown  Durand — Premier  Engraver."  Paper  Money,  volume  XV, 

Whole  Number  61   (January/February  1976),  pages  6-14.   (Reprinted  from 

S.P.A.  Journal,  volume  37,  number  1  (September  1974),  pages  27-38. 
Vogel,  Robert  M.  "Machinery  Hall."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  pages 

29-47.   Washington,  D.C.:   National   Museum   of  History   and  Technology, 

1976. 
Walther,  Robert  G.  "Agriculture."  In  1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition,  page  57. 

Washington,  D.C. :  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology,  1976. 
.  "The  Immigrant  Farmer."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  144-159. 

New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
Warner,   Deborah   J.    "Johannes    Bayer    and   His    Star   Atlas — Reconsidered." 

Journal,  British  Astronomical  Association,  volume  86,  pages  53-54. 
.   "Astronomical   Observatories."   In   Dictionary   of  American    History, 

pages  130-132.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Hale  Observatories."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  pages  241- 


242.  New  York:   Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"John    Martin    Schaeberle."    In    Dictionary    of   Scientific    Biography, 


volume  12,  page  139.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Charles  Piazzi  Smyth."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume 


12,  pages  498-499.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

-.  "James  South."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume  12,  pages 


551-552.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1975. 

"Joseph  Winlock."  In  Dictionary  of  Scientific  Biography,  volume  13, 


pages  448-449.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

"Charles  Greeley  Abbot."  American  Philosophical  Society,  Yearbook, 


pages  111-116.  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  1975. 

"The   Women's   Pavilion."   In   1876:  A   Centennial  Exhibition,  pages 


163-173.  Washington,  D.C:  National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology, 
1976. 

-.  "Notes  on  the  National  Cookery  Book."  The  National  Cookery  Book, 


Compiled  from  Original  Receipts  for  the  Women's  Centennial  Committees 

of  the  International  Exhibition  in  1876.  Bicentennial  edition,  Legado,  1976. 
Watkins,  C.   Malcolm.  "The  Letter  to  Santangel."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations, 

pages  24-34,  4  illustrations.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 
.   "The   English  Heritage."   In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages   36-53,   17 

illustrations.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"A  Plantation  of  Difference — People  from  Everywhere."  In  A  Nation 


of  Nations,  pages  54-82,  23  illustrations.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"Ceramics  in  the  Seventeenth-Century  English  Colonies.  Winterthur 


Conference  Report  1974.  Arts  of  the  Anglo-American  Community  in  the 
Seventeenth  Century,  edited  by  Ian  M.  G.  Quimby,  pages  275-299,  13 
illustrations.  Charlottesville,  Virginia:  The  University  Press  of  Virginia, 
1975. 

White,  John  H,  Jr.  "A  Short  History  of  Railway  Brakes."  National  Railway 
Historical  Society  Bulletin,  volume  40,  number  5  (1975),  pages  6-17. 

.  "American  Railroads:  A  Bicentennial  Overview."  Railway  Age,  July 

4,  1976,  pages  64-65. 


404   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


.   "Railroads   and   the   Westward-Bound   Immigrant."   In   A   Nation   of 

Nations,  pages  178-191.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

"Firefighting."  In  A  Nation  of  Nations,  pages  54-55.  New  York:  Harper 


&  Row,  1976. 

"Railroading."   In   A   Nation    of   Nations,   pages   58-59.    New   York: 


Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

,  editor.  Railroad  History,  number  133  (Autumn  1975),  128  pages. 

,  editor.  Railroad  History,  number  134  (Spring  1976),  119  pages. 


NATIONAL  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Beard,    Richard.    [Review]    Some    Notions    on    Nations.    Museum    Education 

Roundtable  Reports,  Summer  1976. 
.  Caption  texts  for  The  Portraits  from  The  Americans:  The  Democratic 

Experience.  Exhibition  catalogue.  New  York:  Random  House,  1975. 
Miller,  Lillian.  "Hiram  Powers,"  "Benjamin  West,"  "George  Caleb  Bingham." 

In  Harper's  Encyclopedia  of  American  Biography,  1975. 
.  "The  Garden  and  American  Landscape  Painting."  In   The  American 

Examiner:  A  Forum  of  Ideas,  volume  IV,  number  1  (Fall,  1975). 

"The  Lovely  and  The  Wild:  The  Correspondence  Between  American 


Literature  and  Painting  before  the  Civil  War."  In  Meaning  in  American  Art, 
edited  by  John  C.  Milley.  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania:  Friends  of  Indepen- 
dence National  Historical  Park,  Spring  1976. 

'The  American  Revolution  as  Image  and  Symbol  in  American  Art.' 


Proceedings,  Association  for  18th   Century  Studies.  McMaster   University, 
Spring  1976. 

[Review]   Donelson  Hoopes'  American  Narrative   Painting,  Matthew 


Baigell's  The  American  Scene,  and   William  Gerdts'   The   Great  American 
Nude.  American  Historical  Review,  volume  81,  number  1  (February  1976). 
-.  [Review]   James  Madison  Alden.  Yankee  Artist  of  the  Pacific  Coast, 


1854-1860,  by  Franz  Stenzel.  History.  Review  of  New  Books  (Fall  1975). 

[Review]    Millay   in    Greenwich    Village   by    Anne   Cheney.    History. 


Review  of  New  Books,  volume  4,  number  5  (March  1976). 

[Review]    The  Architecture   of  Maximilian    Godefroy   by    Robert   L. 


Alexander.  The  Journal  of  American  History,  March  1976. 

O'Toole,  Dennis.  "The  Dye  is  Now  Cast."  Multi-media  Instructional  Package 
for  secondary  school  use,  September  1975. 

.  [Review]  Fat  Mutton,  Liberty  and  Conscience  by  Carl  Bridenbaugh. 

New  York  History,  July  1975. 

Pachter,  Marc.  Introduction  to  Abroad  in  America:  Visitors  to  the  New  Nation, 
1776-1914.  Exhibition  catalogue.  Reading,  Massachusetts:  Addison-Wesley 
Publishing  Company,  1976. 

Pfister,  Harold  Francis.  "Burlingtonian  Architectural  Theory  in  England  and 
America."  Winterthur  Portfolio  11,  1976. 

.  [Review]  Architecture  of  the  Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts  at  MOMA.  Decora- 
tive Arts  Chapter  of  the  Society  of  Architectural  Historians  Newsletter, 
Winter  1976. 

Sadik,  Marvin  S.  Foreword  to  Portraits  from  The  Americans:  The  Democratic 
Experience.  Exhibition  catalogue.  New  York:  Random  House,  1976. 

.  Foreword  to  Abroad  in  America:  Visitors  to  the  New  Nation  1776- 

1914.  Exhibition  catalogue.  Reading,  Massachusetts:   Addison-Wesley  Pub- 
lishing Company,  1976. 

— .  "Paintings  from  the  White  House."  The  Connoisseur ,  May  1976. 

Christian    Gullager,  Portrait  Painter   to   Federal  America.  Exhibition 


catalogue.  Washington,  D.C. :  The  National  Portrait  Gallery,  1976. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I   405 


.  Foreword  to  Wedgwood  Portraits  and  The  American  Revolution.  Ex- 
hibition catalogue.  Washington,  D.C. :  The  National  Portrait  Gallery,  1976. 

Schaffer,  Michael  D.  [Review]  "State  History  Series  Bows  with  One  Hit,  Two 
Misses."  The  National  Observevr,  for  the  week  ending  July  3,  1976. 

Stewart,  Robert  G.  "The  Battle  of  the  Ice  Mound,  February  7,  1815."  Maryland 
Historical  Magazine,  Winter  1975. 

Voss,  Frederick.  Caption  texts  for  Portraits  Prom  the  Americans:  The  Demo- 
cratic Experience.  Exhibition  catalogue.  New  York:  Random  House,  1976. 

Yellis,  Kenneth.  [Review]  Our  Changing  Land.  Museum  Education  Roundtable 
Reports,  Winter  1976. 

.   [Review]    Remarks   on   the   Reopened   Philadelphia   Museum   of  Art. 

Museum  Education  Roundtable  Reports,  Spring  1976. 

Caption   texts    for   Portraits    from    the   Americans:    The   Democratic 


Experience.  Exhibition  catalogue.  New  York:  Random  House,  1976. 
OFFICE  OF  AMERICAN  STUDIES 

Washburn,  Wilcomb  E.  Foreward  to  Indian  Land  Tenure:  Bibliographical 
Essays  and  a  Guide  to  the  Literature,  by  Imre  Sutton,  pages  vii-viii.  New 
York:  Clearwater  Publishing  Company,  Inc.,  1975. 

.  "Defining  the  Museum's  Purpose."  New  York  State  Historical  Associa- 
tion Monographic  Studies,  number  1  (1975)  pages  1-20.  Cooperstown,  New 
York:  The  New  York  State  Historical  Association. 

.  "Do  Museums  Educate?"  Curator,  volume  18,  number  3  (1975),  pages 


211-218. 

.  "Indians  and  the  American  Revolution."  Essay  in  The  Revolutionary 

Era:  A  Variety  of  Perspectives,  edited  by  John  R.  Brumgardt,  pages  27-40, 
chapter  III.  Riverside,  California:  Historical  Commission  Press,  1976. 

"The  Exhibition."  In  The  Federal  Cty:  Plans  and  Realities,  pages  xv, 


170,  74-170.  Washington,  D.C:  Smithsonian  Institution  Press,  1976. 

"The  Clash  of  Morality  in  the  American  Forest."  Essay  in  First  Images 


of  America:  The  Impact  of  the  New  World  on  the  Old,  edited  by  Fredi 
Chiappelli,  volume  1,  pages  335-350.  Berkeley:  University  of  California 
Press,  1976. 

"The  Historical  Context  of  American  Indian  Legal  Problems."  Law  and 


Contemporary  Problems,  volume  40,  number  1  (Winter  1976). 

"Introduction  to  Cultural  Change."  Essay  in  Contributions  to  Anthro- 


pology: Selected  Papers  of  A.  Irving  Hallowell,  pages  477-479.  The  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  Press,  1976. 

"American  Studies."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  pages  112- 


113.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

-.   "Bacon's   Rebellion."  In  Dictionary  of  American  History,  page   240. 


New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  1976. 

-,  and  William  C.  Sturtevant.  "The  First  Americans."  Chapter  1   in  A 


Nation  of  Nations:  The  People  Who  Came  to  America  as  Seen  Through 
Objects  and  Documents  Exhibited  at  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  edited  by 
Peter  C.  Marzio,  pages  4-23.  New  York:  Harper  &  Row,  1976. 

MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 

CONSERVATION- ANALYTICAL  LABORATORY 

Olin,  J.  S.,  M.  E.  Salmon,  and  E.V.  Sayre.  "Neutron  Activation  and  Electron 
Beam  Microprobe  Study  of  a  XIV  Century  Austrian  Stained  Glass  Panel." 
Applicazione  dei  meteli  nucleari  nel  campo  delle  opere  d'arte,  Accademia 
Nazionale  dei  Lincei,  1976,  pages  99-110. 


406   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Olin,  J.  S.,  and  E.  V.  Sayre,  (non-staff).  "Neutron  Activation  Analysis  of 
Majolica  from  Spanish  Colonial  Sites  in  Meso-America."  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Institute  for  Conservation  of  Historic  and  Artistic  Works,  Sum- 
mer 1975,  pages  57-62. 

.    "Identification    of   the   Provenience    of   Majolica    from    Sites    in    the 

Caribbean  using  Neutron  Activation  Analysis."  Brookhaven  National  Lab- 
oratory Report  21176,  1976. 

Organ,  Robert  M.  "An  Idea  for  A  National  Conservation  Institute  Without 
Walls."  International  Centre  for  the  Study  of  Preservation  and  the  Restora- 
tion of  Cultural  Property,  Rome.  Newsletter  Number  3,  October  1975. 

.  "The  Corrosion  of  Tin,  Copper,  Iron  and  Steel  and  Lead."  In  Preserva- 
tion and  Conservation:  Principles  and  Practice,  edited  by  S.  Timmons,  pages 
243-256.  Washington,  D.C. :  Preservation  Press,  1976. 

"The   Organisation   of    an    Integrated    Facility    for    Conservation    of 


Museum   Objects."  Bulletin,   Institut   Royal   Du   Patrimoine   Artistique   XV 
(1975),  pages  283-301. 

"The  Organisation  and  Management  of  Conservation  Programs."  In 


Conservation  Administration,  edited  by  R.  C.  Morrison,  G.  C.  Cunha,  and 
N.  P.  Tucker,  pages  213-285.  New  England  Document  Conservation  Center, 
1975. 

-,  and  J.  A.  Mandarino  (non-staff).  "Romarchite  and  Hydroromarchite, 


Two  Stannous  Minerals."  Canadian  Mineralogist  10  (1973),  page  916. 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 

Fink,  Eleanor  E.  "Collecting  the  Photograph"  (Report  on  the  Art  in  America 
symposium,  "Collecting  the  Photograph,"  held  in  New  York  City,  September 
20,  1975).  Art  Libraries  Society  of  North  America  Newsletter,  volume  3, 
number  6  (October  1975),  pages  104-105. 

Goodwin,  Jack.  "Current  Bibliography  in  the  History  of  Technology  (1973)." 
Technology  and  Culture  16  (April  1975),  pages  195-286. 

.  "Current  Bibliography  in  the  History  of  Technology  (1974)."  Technol- 
ogy and  Culture  17  (April  1976),  pages  286-364. 

Ratzenberger,  Katharine.  [Review]  Fine  Arts:  A  Bibliographic  Guide  to  Basic 
Reference  Works,  Histories  and  Handbooks,  by  Donald  L.  Ehresmann. 
Library  Journal,  October  1,  1975. 

.  [Review]  George  Howe:  Toward  a  Modern  American  Architecture,  by 

Robert  A.  Stern.  Library  Journal,  August  1975. 

[Review]   Louis  I.  Kahn,  by  Romaldo  Giurgola   and   Mehta  Jaimini. 


Library  Journal,  March  1,  1976. 

[Review]  Old  Alexandria:  Where  America's  Past  is  Present.  Library 


Journal,  March  1,  1976. 

[Review]  Winslow  Homer:  An  Annotated  Bibliography  of  Periodical 


Literature,  by  Melinda  D.  Davis.  Choice,  June  1976. 

[Review]  Contemporary  American  Folk  Artists,  by  Elinor  L.  Horwitz. 


Art  Libraries  Society  of  North  America  Newsletter,  volume  4,  number  1 
(December  1975). 

[Review]  American  Folk  Painters,  by  John  and  Katherine  Ebert.  Art 


Libraries  Society  of  North  America  Newsletter,  volume  4,  number  3  (April 
1976). 

Shank,  Russell,  and  Madeline  Henderson.  "Federal  Library  Cooperation."  Li- 
brary Trends,  volume  24  (1975),  pages  277-292. 

.  "Books  of  Science."  In  Science  Year:  The  World  Book  Science  Annual, 

1976.  Chicago:  Field  Enterprises  (1975). 

Scott,  Catherine.  "National  Air  and  Space  Museum  Library."  Bowker  Annual, 
1975,  pages  39-44. 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  407 


Walker,  William  B.  "From  the  Chair"  (Column  from  National  Chairman  of  the 
Art  Libraries  Society  of  North  America).  ARLIS/NA  Newsletter,  volume  3, 
numbers  4-6  (Summer-October  1975),  volume  4,  number  1  (December  1975). 


PUBLIC  SERVICE 

DIVISION  OF  PERFORMING  ARTS 

Cutting-Baker,  Holly.  Family  Folklore.  Smithsonian  Institution,  94  pages,  1976. 
Gross,  Sandra.  Family  Folklore.  Smithsonian  Institution,  94  pages,  1976. 
Hawes,  Bess.  1976  Festival  of  American  Folklife.  [Program  book]  Smithsonian 

Institution,  48  pages,  1976. 
Hooks,  Rosie  Lee.  Black  People  and  their  Culture,  Selected  Writings  from  the 

African  Diaspora.  Smithsonian  Institution,  137  pages,  1976. 
Kotkin,  Amy.  Family  Folklore.  Smithsonian  Institute,  94  pages,  1976. 
Reagon,  Bernice.  Black  People  and  their  Culture,  Selected  Writings  from  the 

African  Diaspora.  Smithsonian  Institution,  137  pages,  1976. 
Rinzler,    Ralph.    Monograph,    Backliner,    and    Recordings.    Louisiana    Cajun 

French  Music  from  the  Southwest  Praires,  recorded  1964-1967,  2  volumes, 

Rounder  Records  #6001-2,  Somerville,  Massachusetts,  1976. 
.  Roots  of  the  Folk  Revival,  The  Folk  Music  Source.  New  York:  Alfred 

A.  Knopf,  1976. 
Roschwalb,  Susanne.  Music  and  Dance  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson.  [Program 

book]  Smithsonian  Institution,  9  pages,  1975. 
.    2976    Festival    of    American    Folklife.    [Program    book]    Smithsonian 

Institution,  48  pages,  1976. 
Shapiro,  Linn.   Black  People  and  their  Culture,  Selected   Writings   from    the 

African  Diaspora.  Smithsonian  Institution,  137  pages,  1976. 
Weaver,  Jim.  Music  and  Dance  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson.    [Program  book] 

Smithsonian  Institution,  9  pages,  1975. 
Whitfield,  Elizabeth.  Black  People  and  their  Culture,  Selected  Writings  from 

the  African  Diaspora.  Smithsonian  Institution,  137  pages,  1976. 
Working  Americans  Program.  Ring  Like  Silver,  Shine  Like  Gold.  Smithsonian 

Institution,  95  pages,  1976. 
Zeitlin,  Steven.  Family  Folklore.  Smithsonian  Institution,  94  pages,  1976. 

RECORDINGS 

"Classic  Rags  and  Ragtime  Songs."  Conducted  by  T.  J.  Anderson,  featuring 
Rags  by  Scott  Joplin  and  Eubie  Blake,  two  rags  sung  by  Morgan  State 
College  Choir,  Smithsonian  Institution,  1975. 

"Duke  Ellington,  1938"  Smithsonian  Institution,  1976. 

"King  Oliver's  Jazz  Band/1923."  Two-LP  set,  Smithsonian  Institution,  1975. 

"Louis  Armstrong  and  Earl  Hines/1928."  Two-LP  set,  Smithsonian  Institution, 
1975. 

"Music  from  the  Age  of  Jefferson."  Recorded  at  Hall  of  Musical  Instruments, 
Special  Credit  to  James  Weaver,  John  Fesperman,  and  Albert  Fuller,  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  1975. 

"Piano  Music  of  Ferdinand  'Jelly  Roll'  Morton."  Played  by  James  Dapogny, 
Smithsonian  Institution,  1976. 

OFFICE  OF  SMITHSONIAN  SYMPOSIA  AND  SEMINARS 

Dillon,  Wilton  S.  "Epilogue."  In  Mediterranean  Europe  and  the  Common 
Market:  Studies  of  Economic  Growth  and  Integration,  edited  by  Eric  Bak- 
lanoff.  University  of  Alabama  Press,  1976. 


408   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  PRESS 

Spann,  Barbara  T.  Carlby.  Fairfax,  Virginia:  Fairfax  County  Office  of  Compre- 
hensive Planning,  1976,  168  pages,  31  illustrations. 


NATIONAL  GALLERY  OF  ART 

Brown,  David  A.  "A  Decorative  Drawing  by  Correggio."  Master  Drawings, 
volume  13,  number  2  (1975),  pages  136-141. 

Carmean,  E.  A.,  Jr.  Morris  Louis:  Major  Themes  and  Variations.  [Exhibition 
catalogue]  Washington:  National  Gallery  of  Art,  1976. 

Feller,  Robert  L.  (Senior  Fellow).  "Studies  on  the  Photochemical  Stability  of 
Thermoplastic  Resins."  Paper  75/22/b,  4th  Triennial  Reunion,  icom  Commit- 
tee for  Conservation,  Venice,  October  1975. 

.  "A  Project  to  Prepare  Monographs  on  Ten  Artists'  Pigments."  Paper 

75/21/6,  4th  Triennial  Reunion,  icom  Committee  for  Conservation,  Venice, 
October  1975. 

-.  "Studies  on  Photochemical  Deterioration."  Paper  75/19/4,  4th  Trien- 


nial Reunion,  icom  Committee  for  Conservation  Meeting,  Venice,  October 
1975. 

"Speed   Up   Photochemical   Deterioration."   Bulletin    15    (1975),    Inst. 


Royal  du  Patrimoine  Artistique  (Bruxelles),  pages  135-150. 

"The  Deterioration  of  Organic  Substances  and  the  Analysis  of  Paints 


and  Varnishes."  In  Preservation  and  Conservation:  Principles  and  Practices, 
edited  by  Sharon  Timmons,  pages  287-299.  Washington,  D.C.:  The  Preserva- 
tion Press,  1976. 

Feller,  Robert  L.,  and  M.  Curran.  "Changes  in  Solubility  and  Removability  of 
Varnish  Resins  with  Age."  Bulletin  of  the  American  Institute  for  Conserva- 
tion, volume  15,  number  2  (1975),  pages  17-26. 

Feller,  Robert  L.,  and  Sidney  Pollack.  "On  the  Crystallography  of  Chrome 
Orange."  Journal  of  Coatings  Technology,  number  48  (1976),  page  68. 

Keisch,  Bernard  (Senior  Fellow).  "Nuclear  Applications  at  the  National  Gallery 
of  Art  Research  Project:  Seven  Years  of  Progress."  Atti  Dei  Convegni 
Lincei  11,  International  Conference  on  Applications  of  Nuclear  Methods  in 
the  Field  of  Works  of  Art,  Accademia  Nazionale  Dei  Lincei,  Roma,  1976, 
pages  359-379. 

.  "Analysis  of  Works  of  Art."  In  Application  of  Mosshauer  Spectros- 
copy, edited  by  R.  L.  Cohen,  volume  1,  pages  263-286.  New  York:  Aca- 
demic, 1976. 

Keisch,  Bernard,  and  Robert  C.  Callahan,  "Sulfur  Isotope  Ratios  in  Ultra- 
marine Blue:  Application  to  Art  Forgery  Detection."  Applied  Spectroscopy 
30,  number  5  (September  10,  1976),  pages  515-519. 

.   "Lead  Isotope   Ratios   in  Artists'   Lead   White:   A   Progress   Report." 

Archaeometry  18,  (1976),  pages  181-194. 

Lehrer,  Ruth  F.  "Blake  Material  in  the  Lessing  J.  Rosenwald  Collection." 
Blake  Newsletter,  35,  volume  9,  number  3  (Winter  1975-1976). 

.  Philadelphia:  Three  Centuries  of  American  Art.  [Exhibition  catalogue] 

Print  entries,  1876-1976. 

Lewis,  Douglas.  [Review]  Florence  in  the  Forgotten  Centuries,  1527-1800  by 
Eric  Cochrane.  The  Social  Studies,  volume  66,  number  4  (July/August  1975), 
pages  177-178. 

.  "An  Unrecognized  Work  of  1595  by  Vincenzo  Scamozzi."  Bollettino 

del  Centro  Inter  nazionale  di  Studi  di  Architettura,  number  17  (1975). 

'Girolamo  II  Corner's  Completion  of  Piombino."  Architettura,  number 


1  (1976). 


Appendix  6.  Publications  of  the  Staff  I  409 


.  [Review]  Old  Calabria  by  Norman  Douglas.  Johns  Hopkins  Magazine, 

volume  27,  number  4  (July  1976),  page  19. 
Robison,  Andrew.  Entries  on  Giovanni  Battista  Piranesi  prints  and  books,  in 

The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson  [exhibition  catalogue],  edited  by  W.  Howard 

Adams.  Washington:  National  Gallery  of  Art,  1976. 
.  "Drawings."  In  The  National  Gallery  of  Art,  edited  by  John  Walker. 

New  York :  Harry  N.  Abrams,  Inc.,  1976. 

[Review  of  exhibition  and  catalogue]  The  Changing  Image:  Prints  by 


Francisco  Goya,  by  Eleanor  A.  Sayre,  et  al.  Pantheon,  volume  XXXIII,  num- 
ber 4  (1975),  pages  367-368. 

Russell,  H.  Diane.  "The  Manner  and  Method  of  That  Famous  Callot."  Art 
News,  volume  74,  number  7  (September  1975)  pages  32-34. 

Scott,  David  W.  John  Sloan.  New  York:  Watson  Guptill  Publications,  1975. 

.  The  Yogi  and  the  Registrar.  New  York:  Museum  Data  Bank  Com- 
mittee, 1976. 

Voris,  Anna  M.  Biographies  of  artists,  in  The  Eye  of  Thomas  Jefferson  [exhibi- 
tion catalogue].  Washington:  National  Gallery  of  Art,  1976. 

.  Indexes  for  Sculptures  from  the  Samuel  H.  Kress  Collection:  European 

Schools,  X1V-XIX  Centuries  by  Ulrich  Middeldorf.  London:  Phaidon  Press, 
1976. 

Watson,  Ross.  [Review]  The  Anatomical  Works  of  George  Stubbs  by  Terence 
Doherty.  The  Smithsonian  Magazine,  September  1975. 

.  [Review]  Lord  Leighton,  by  Leonee  and  Richard  Ormond.  The  Smith- 
sonian Magazine,  March  1976. 

Wheelock,  Arthur  K.,  Jr.  [Review]  Gabriel  Metsu  (1629-1667).  A  Study  of  his 
Place  in  Dutch  Genre  Painting  of  the  Golden  Age,  by  Franklin  W.  Robinson. 
The  Art  Bulletin,  volume  58,  number  3,  pages  456-459. 


410  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


APPENDIX  7.  Academic  Appointments,  July  1,  1975, 
through  September  30, 1976 


Smithsonian  fellows  pursue  research  problems  in  Smithsonian  facilities  and 
collections  in  collaboration  with  professional  staff  members. 

SMITHSONIAN  POSTDOCTORAL  FELLOWS 

Program  in  American  and  Cultural  History 

Cynthia  A.  Field,  Ph.D.,  Columbia  University.  The  museum  as  an  architectural 
statement  of  American  culture,  with  Lillian  B.  Miller,  Editor,  Peale  Papers,  and 
James  M.  Goode,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution  Building,  from  June  1,  1975, 
through  June  30,  1976. 

Program  in  Anthropology 

Bernardo  Dougherty,  Ph.D.,  University  of  La  Plata.  A  comparative  study  of 
Lowland  South  American  Archeological  cultures,  with  Clifford  Evans,  Jr., 
Department  of  Anthropology,  from  October  1,  1975,  through  September  30, 
1976. 

Geoffrey  L.  Gamble,  Ph.D.,  University  of  California.  Examination  of  J.  P. 
Harrington  material  to  develop  a  comparative  Yokuts  lexicon,  with  William 
C.  Sturtevant,  Department  of  Anthropology,  and  Herman  J.  Viola,  National 
Anthropological  Archives,  from  July  15,  1975,  through  July  14,  1976. 

Margaret  A.  Hardin,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Chicago.  Study  of  structure  and 
variation  of  Zuni  pottery  design,  with  William  C.  Sturtevant,  Department  of 
Anthropology,  from  October  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976. 

Program  in  Astrophysics 

John  B.  Hearnshaw,  Ph.D.,  Australian  National  University.  To  obtain  abun- 
dance data  for  Cu,  Zn,  and  Fe  in  a  large  enough  sample  of  stars  of  several 
types  to  interpret  the  results  in  the  light  of  theories  of  nucleosynthesis  of  Cu 
and  Zn.  To  carry  out  differential  model  atmosphere  analysis  using  computer 
programming,  with  Nathaniel  P.  Carleton,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Ob- 
servatory, from  September  25,  1975,  through  January  31,  1976. 

Charles  J.  Lada,  Ph.D.,  Harvard  University.  Continued  studies  of  molecular 
clouds  using  radio  astronomical  techniques,  with  A.  Edward  Lilley,  Smith- 
sonian Astrophysical  Observatory,  from  July  1,  1975,  through  July  1,  1976. 

Mark  J.  Reid,  Ph.D.,  California  Institute  of  Technology.  Investigation  of 
molecular  clouds,  circumstellar  dust  shells,  newly  forming  stars,  and  primitive 
stellar  nebulae;  origins  and  dynamics  of  the  solar  system;  experimental  tests 
of  relativity  with  various  techniques  incuding  spectral  line,  very  long  baseline 
interferometry,  with  James  M.  Moran,  Jr.,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Ob- 
servatory, September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I  411 


Frederick  H.  Seguin,  Ph.D.,  California  Institute  of  Technology.  A  study  of  the 
evolution  of  binary  orbits;  to  construct  models  of  elliptical  galaxies,  star 
clusters  with  arbitrary  rotation  curves;  to  study  gravitational  radiation  reac- 
tion in  relativistic  fluid  systems,  with  Steven  Weinberg,  Smithsonian  Astro- 
physical  Observatory,  from  October  1,  1975,  through  October  1,  1976. 

Program  in  Earth  Sciences 

Peter  A.  Jezek,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Massachusetts.  Compositional  and  textural 
study  of  volcanic  ashes,  with  Thomas  E.  Simkin,  Department  of  Mineral 
Sciences,  from  January  1,  1976,  through  December  31,  1976. 

John  M.  Sinton,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Otaga.  Mineralogy  and  petrology  of 
oceanic  plutonic  and  metamorphic  rocks,  with  William  G.  Melson,  Department 
of  Mineral  Sciences,  from  January  1,  1976,  through  December  31,  1976. 

Program  in  Environmental  Sciences 

Sandra  L.  Spurgeon,  Ph.D.,  Washington  State  University.  Carotenoid  bio- 
synthesis in  Neurospora,  with  Roy  W.  Harding,  Jr.,  Radiation  Biology  Labora- 
tory, from  November  1,  1975,  through  October  31,  1976. 

Jerry  P.  Thomas,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Alabama.  Pigment  systems  involved  in 
regulation  of  cytokinesis,  with  Walter  A.  Shropshire,  Jr.,  Radiation  Biology 
Laboratory,  from  August  1,  1975,  through  July  31,  1976. 

Brenda  S.  Tremper,  Ph.D.,  University  of  California.  Distribution  of  ant  species 
in  various  successional  stages  of  the  Eastern  deciduous  forest,  with  James  F. 
Lynch,  Chesapeake  Bay  Center  for  Environmental  Studies,  from  January  1, 
1976,  through  December  31,  1976. 

Barbara  A.  Zilinskas,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Illinois.  Analysis  of  the  phycobili- 
some-photosynthetic  lamellae  interactions,  with  Elisabeth  Gantt,  Radiation 
Biology  Laboratory,  from  June  14,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Program  in  Evolutionary  and  Systematic  Biology 

Wayne  E.  Clark,  Ph.D.,  Texas  A  &  M  University.  Systematics  of  the  weevil 
subfamily  Tychiinae  (Curculionidae:  Coleoptera),  with  Terry  L.  Erwin,  Depart- 
ment of  Entomology,  from  August  1,  1975,  through  July  31,  1976. 

Bruce  W.  Hayward,  Ph.D.,  Auckland  University.  Taxonomy  and  paleoecology 
of  Lower  Micene  benthonic  foraminifera  in  northern  New  Zealand,  with 
Martin  A.  Buzas,  Department  of  Paleobiology,  from  November  1,  1975, 
through  October  31, 1976. 

Timothy  J.  Palmer,  Ph.D.,  Oxford  University.  Evolutionary  changes  of  niche 
patterns  and  faunal  diversity  in  hardground  communities,  with  Erie  G. 
Kauffman,  Department  of  Paleobiology,  from  July  1,  1975,  through  June  30, 
1976. 

Seymour  H.  Sohmer,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Hawaii.  Systematic  work  with  the 
genus  Psychotria,  with  F.  Raymond  Fosberg,  Department  of  Botany,  from 
September  1,  1975,  through  June  30,  1976. 

Program  in  the  History  of  Science  and  Technology 

Arthur  C.  Nunes,  Jr.,  Ph.D.,  University  of  California.  Research  into  the  history 
of  welding,  with  Otto  Mayr,  Department  of  Science  and  Technology,  from 
September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 


412   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Program  in  Tropical  Biology 

Peter  A.  Abrams,  Ph.D.,  University  of  British  Columbia.  Study  of  competition 
in  hermit  crab  communities  with  Peter  W.  Glynn,  Smithsonian  Tropical  Re- 
search Institute,  from  October  15,  1975,  through  October  14,  1976. 

David  P.  Janos,  Ph.D.,  University  of  Michigan.  Research  on  the  ecology  of 
vesicular-arbuscular  mycorrhizal  fungi,  with  Nicholas  D.  Smythe,  Smithsonian 
Tropical  Research  Institute,  from  January  1,  1976,  through  December  31,  1976. 

Kentwood  D.  Wells,  Ph.D.,  Cornell  University.  Social  behavior  of  frogs  in  the 
family  Dendrobatidae,  with  A.  Stanley  Rand,  Smithsonian  Tropical  Research 
Institute,  from  September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

SMITHSONIAN  PREDOCTORAL  FELLOWS 

Program  in  American  and  Cultural  History 

Richard  D.  Glasow,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Delaware.  Building  the 
"New  American  Navy,"  Naval  officers  and  scientific  engineering,  1875-1899, 
with  Philip  K.  Lundeberg,  Department  of  National  and  Military  History,  from 
September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Scott  Hambly,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  social  and 
contextual  history  of  the  mandolin  in  America,  1875-1975,  with  J.  Scott  Odell, 
Department  of  Cultural  History,  from  July  1,  1975,  through  June  30,  1976. 

George  W.  McDaniel,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Duke  University.  The  material  culture 
of  a  plantation  community,  with  Wilcomb  E.  Washburn,  Office  of  American 
Studies,  from  September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Program  in  Anthropology 

Brian  C.  Hesse,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Columbia  University.  Economic  and  artifac- 
tual  categories  in  the  fauna  from  the  neolithic  site  of  Ganj  Dareh,  Western 
Iran,  with  Dennis  J.  Stanford,  Department  of  Anthropology,  from  August  1, 
1975,  through  July  31,  1976. 

Rebecca  H.  Welch,  Ph.D.  candidate,  George  Washington  University.  Social 
history  of  Alice  Cunningham  Fletcher,  nineteenth-century  anthropologist  and 
social  reformer,  with  Herman  J.  Viola,  National  Anthropological  Archives, 
from  September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Program  in  Astrophysics 

Eric    D.    Feigelson,    Ph.D.    candidate,    Harvard    University.    Course  work    at 

Harvard    Department    of    Astronomy    and    related    research,    with  Riccardo 

Giacconi,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  from  September  23,  1975, 
through  June  12,  1976. 

Robert  W.  Leach,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Harvard  University.  Development  of  a 
negative  electron  affinity  device  for  use  in  future  X-ray  astronomy  experi- 
ments, with  Riccardo  Giacconi,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  from 
September  23,  1975,  through  June  12,  1976. 

Sten  F.  Odenwald,  Jr.,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Harvard  University.  Investigation  of 
the  properties  of  accretion  discs  surrounding  (supermassive)  black  holes,  with 
George  B.  Field,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  from  September  23, 
1975,  through  June  12,  1976. 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I   413 


Robert  S.  Pariseau,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Harvard  University.  Stellar  atmospheres 
model  and  radio  interferometry-data  reduction,  with  George  B.  Rybicki, 
Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  from  September  23,  1975,  through 
January  31,  1976. 

Carleton  R.  Pennypacker,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Harvard  University.  Infrared  pulsar 
search,  with  Costas  Papaliolios,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  from 
September  1,  1975,  through  June  1,  1976. 

Stephen  C.  Perrenod,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Harvard  University.  Intergalactic 
medium,  quasar  absorption  features,  and  hot  gas  in  clusters  of  galaxies,  with 
George  B.  Field,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory,  from  October  16, 
1975,  through  June  16,  1976. 

Ira  Wasserman,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Harvard  University.  Various  problems  in 
relativistic  astrophysics,  with  Steven  Weinberg,  Smithsonian  Astrophysical 
Observatory,  from  September  1,  1975,  through  June  1,  1976. 

Program  in  Environmental  Sciences 

Kenneth  Green,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Ecology  and  social 
organization  of  Cebus  nigrivittatus,  a  neotropical  primate,  with  John  F. 
Eisenberg,  National  Zoological  Park,  from  June  15,  1975,  through  June  14, 
1976. 

Robert  J.  Hoage,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Pittsburgh.  The  development 
of  social  and  sexual  behavior  in  the  Golden  Lion  Marmoset,  with  Devra  G. 
Kleiman,  National  Zoological  Park,  from  April  1,  1975,  through  March  31, 
1976. 

Margaret  A.  O'Connell,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Texas  Tech  University.  Population 
ecology  of  neotropical  rodents,  with  John  F.  Eisenberg,  National  Zoological 
Park,  from  June  15,  1975,  through  June  14,  1976. 

Rasanayagam  Rudran,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Maryland.  Ecology  and 
behavior  of  the  blue  monkey  in  the  Kibale  Forest,  Uganda,  with  John  F. 
Eisenberg,  National  Zoological  Park,  from  July  1,  1975,  through  April  13,  1976. 

Rebecca  G.  Troth,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Michigan.  A  life  history 
study  of  Bombax  ceiba,  with  Dan  H.  Nicolson,  Department  of  Botany,  from 
February  1,  1975,  through  January  31,  1976. 


Program  in  Evolutionary  and  Systematic  Biology 

Francisco  Mago-Leccia,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Universidad  Central  de  Venezuela. 
Venezuelan  Gynotoid  fishes,  a  preliminary  study  for  a  revision  of  the  group 
in  South  America,  with  Stanley  H.  Weitzman,  Department  of  Vertebrate 
Zoology,  from  April  15,  1975,  through  August  15,  1976. 

Albert  C.  Myrick,  Jr.,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  California,  Los  Angeles. 
A  population  approach  to  the  systematics  of  two  dolphins  from  Middle  Mio- 
cene deposits  of  eastern  North  America,  with  Clayton  E.  Ray,  Department  of 
Paleobiology,  from  July  1,  1975,  through  December  31,  1976. 

Alfred  L.  Rosenberger,  Ph.D.  candidate,  City  University  of  New  York.  Re- 
search to  determine  the  evolutionary  relationships  and  to  reconstruct  the 
evolutionary  history  of  the  New  World  monkeys,  with  Richard  W.  Thorington, 
Department  of  Vertebrate  Zoology,  from  September  1,  1975,  through  August 
31,  1976. 


414   /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Robert  D.  Ward,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Michigan  State  University.  Phylogenetic 
systematics  of  the  "primitive"  taxa  of  the  Caraboidea,  with  Terry  L.  Erwin, 
Department  of  Entomology,  from  January  1,  1976,  through  December  31,  1976. 

Anders  H.  Waren,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Gothenburg.  Selection  of 
types  in  the  Jeffreys  Collections,  with  Joseph  Rosewater,  Department  of 
Invertebrate  Zoology,  from  October  15,  1975,  through  April  15,  1976. 

Orrey  P.  Young,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Maryland.  Feeding  strategies 
in  a  neotropical  forest  dung  beetle  community,  with  Terry  L.  Erwin,  Depart- 
ment of  Entomology,  and  Egbert  G.  Leigh,  Jr.,  Smithsonian  Tropical  Research 
Institute,  from  July  1,  1975,  through  December  31,  1976. 

Program  in  the  History  of  Art 

Ruth  Louise  Bohan,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Maryland.  An  examination 
of  the  Societe  Anonyme  and  the  Brooklyn  Museum's  International  Exhibition 
of  Modern  Art  held  in  1926-1927,  with  Walter  W.  Hopps  III,  National  Collec- 
tion of  Fine  Arts,  from  September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Marc  H.  Miller,  Ph.D.  candidate,  New  York  University.  Lafayette's  Farewell 
Tour  of  America,  1824-1825;  portraiture  and  pageantry,  with  Lois  M.  Fink, 
National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts,  from  January  1,  1976,  through  June  30,  1976. 

Deborah  D.  Muller,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Yale  University.  The  Chiu-T'u;  a  study  of 
the  "Nine  Songs"  Handscrolls,  with  Thomas  Lawton  and  Hin-Cheung  Lovell, 
Freer  Gallery  of  Art,  from  October  1,  1975,  through  March  31,  1976. 

Joan  F.  Seeman,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Stanford  University.  Postwar  vanguard  New 
York  sculpture,  with  Walter  W.  Hopps  III,  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts, 
from  September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Julia  A.  Wortman,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Michigan.  The  art  criticism 
of  Russell  Sturgis,  with  Peter  Bermingham,  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts, 
from  July  1,  1975,  through  June  30,  1976. 

Ann  Yonemura,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Princeton  University.  The  Ishiyamadera  Engi 
Emaki,  a  Japanese  Buddhist  narrative  painting,  with  Thomas  Lawton,  Freer 
Gallery  of  Art,  from  January  1,  1976,  through  June  30,  1976. 


Program  in  the  History  of  Science  and  Technology 

Virginia  G.  Drachman,  Ph.D.  candidate,  S.U.N.Y.,  Buffalo.  Nineteenth-century 
obstetrical  and  gynecological  instruments,  the  catalogs  advertising  them  and 
the  papers  of  Dr.  Chevalier  Jackson,  with  Audrey  B.  Davis,  Department  of 
Science  and  Technology,  from  September  1,  1975,  through  August  31,  1976. 

Susan  T.  Frey,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Washington.  Frederich  Engels 
and  nineteenth-century  science,  with  Faye  Cannon,  Department  of  Science  and 
Technology,  from  August  1,  1975,  through  September  15,  1976. 

Robert  D.  Friedel,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Research  con- 
cerning the  technical,  economic,  and  social  history  of  the  development  of 
celluloid  plastics,  with  Jon  B.  Eklund,  Department  of  Science  and  Technology, 
from  September  1,  1975,  to  August  31,  1976. 

Leonard  S.  Reich,  Ph.D.  candidate,  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Industrial  re- 
search, patents  and  the  development  of  radio  in  America,  with  Bernard  S. 
Finn,  Department  of  Science  and  Technology,  from  September  1,  1975, 
through  August  31,  1976. 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I  415 


Program  in  Tropical  Biology 

Carol  K.  Augspurger,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  Michigan.  A  study  of  the 
influence  of  the  animal  community  of  pollinators,  seed  dispersers,  and  seed 
predators  on  the  plant  reproductive  systems,  with  Alan  Smith,  Smithsonian 
Tropical  Research  Institute,  from  December  31,  1975,  through  December  30, 
1976. 

Eric  A.  Fischer,  Ph.D.  candidate,  University  of  California.  Behavioral  ecology 
and  hamlets  (Hypoolecturs  spp.,  Pisces),  simultaneously  hermaphroditic  fish 
of  the  sea  bass  family,  with  Ira  Rubinoff,  Smithsonian  Tropical  Research 
Institute,  from  November  1,  1975,  through  October  30,  1976. 

VISITING  RESEARCH  STUDENTS 

Program  in  American  and  Cultural  History 

Julia  Haifley,  George  Washington  University.  Study  of  Titian  Ramsey  Peale, 
early  amateur  photographer,  with  Eugene  Ostroff,  Division  of  Photographic 
History. 

Norma  J.  Halischak,  Gallaudet  College.  Studies  in  principles  and  technology 
of  archival  administration,  with  William  A.  Deiss,  Smithsonian  Archives. 

Luna  Lambert,  North  Carolina  State  University.  Study  of  nineteenth-century 
skates  at  the  Smithsonian,  with  Rodris  C.  Roth,  Department  of  Cultural 
History. 

Darroll  A.  Midgette,  George  Washington  University.  Supported  by  the  Elsie 

Shaver    Scholarship.    Study    of   newspaper   materials  related    to    the    life    of 

Dorothy  Shaver,  with  Claudia  B.  Kidwell,  Division  of  Costumes  and  Fur- 
nishings. 

Theresa  D.  Shellcroft,  University  of  Pittsburgh.  Supported  by  a  grant  from 
the  William  Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Studies  conducted  with  black  per- 
formers and  craftspeople  in  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Bernice 
J.  Reagon,  Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Lisa  Soderberg,  George  Washington  University.  Study  of  the  role  of  Adelaide 
Johnson  in  the  early  women's  movement,  with  Edith  P.  Mayo,  Department  of 
National  and  Military  History. 

Sherri  L.  Tucker,  Northwestern  University.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the 
William  Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Studies  conducted  with  the  African 
Diaspora  section  of  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Bernice  J.  Reagon, 
Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Program  in  Anthropology 

Louisa  Beyer,  George  Washington  University.  Study  of  discrimination  of  sex 
in  human  sacra  by  multivariate  analysis,  with  J.  Lawrence  Angel,  Department 
of  Anthropology. 

Joan  Gardner,  George  Washington  University.  Research  into  the  life  ways  of 
the  aboriginal  inhabitants  of  the  archeological  site  of  Spiro,  Oklahoma,  as  can 
be  interpreted  from  the  collection  of  objects  at  the  Smithsonian,  with  William 
W.  Fitzhugh  and  Waldo  R.  Wedel,  Department  of  Anthropology. 

Susan  Golla,  Columbia  University.  Study  of  continuity  and  change  in  the 
symbolic  structure  of  Nootka  myth  and  ritual,  with  William  C.  Sturtevant, 
Department  of  Anthropology. 


416  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


M.  Michael  Maloney,  American  University.  Research  on  use  of  visual  evidence 
in  the  study  of  man  focusing  on  development  of  ethnographic  film,  with  E. 
Richard  Sorenson,  National  Anthropological  Film  Center. 

Bonnie  Poswall,  California  State  University,  Sacramento.  Research  in  paleo- 
epidemiology,  with  Donald  J.  Ortner,  Department  of  Anthropology. 

Joseph  W.  Price,  Howard  University.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the  William 
Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Study  of  the  chemical  composition  of  dental 
enamel,  with  Lucile  St.  Hoyme,  Department  of  Anthropology. 

Elaine  Richman,  University  of  Maryland  School  of  Medicine.  Study  of  the 
histological  structure  of  bone  in  three  prehistoric  populations,  With  Donald 
J.  Ortner,  Department  of  Anthropology. 

Environmental  Sciences 

Stephen  Ralph,  University  of  Washington.  Study  to  describe  behavioral 
parameters  of  a  small  local  population  of  Turkey  Vulture  at  Front  Royal, 
Virginia,  with  Eugene  S.  Morton,  National  Zoological  Park. 

Roger  Zimmerman,  University  of  Puerto  Rico.  Studies  of  the  feeding  ecology 
of  Gammaridean  Amphipods  from  Indian  River  sea  grass  beds  in  Florida, 
with  David  K.  Young,  Fort  Pierce  Bureau. 

Evolutionary  and  Systematic  Biology 

David  Bohaska,  Texas  Technical  University.  Study  of  fossil  cetaceans,  par- 
ticularly Zarhachis,  with  Frank  C.  Whitmore,  Jr.,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 

Victor  E.  Diersing,  University  of  Illinois.  Systematic  revision  of  the  species 
Sylvilagus  floridanus  (Allen)  of  North  and  South  America,  with  Charles  O. 
Handley,  Jr.,  Department  of  Vertebrate  Zoology. 

Exequiel  Gonzalez  Balbontin,  Universidad  Catolica  de  Chile.  Study  of  amphi- 
poda  taxonomy,  with  Thomas  E.  Bowman,  Department  of  Invertebrate 
Zoology. 

Robin  Lighty,  Duke  University.  Studies  in  carbonate  sedimentology,  in  par- 
ticular, the  depositional  diagenetic  history  of  a  drowned  Holocene  reef  in 
southeast  Florida,  with  Ian  G.  Maclntyre,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 

James  F.  McKinney,  Old  Dominion  University.  Study  of  systematics  and 
taxonomy  of  the  goboid  fish  genus  Callogobius,  with  Ernest  A.  Lachner, 
Department  of  Vertebrate  Zoology. 

Larry  D.  McKinney,  Texas  A  &  M  University.  Distribution  of  benthic  amphi- 
pods in  the  Yucatan  area  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  with  J.  L.  Barnard,  Depart- 
ment of  Invetebrate  Zoology. 

Joaquin  Bueno  Soria,  Universidad  Nacional  Autonoma  de  Mexico.  Study  of 
the  systematics  of  the  caddis  flies  (Trichoptera),  with  Oliver  S.  Flint,  Jr., 
Department  of  Entomology. 

Sara  P.  Stubblefield,  Cornell  University.  Study  of  Devonian  lycopods,  with 
Francis  M.  Hueber,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 

Cathy  Tate,  Virginia  Commonwealth  University.  Study  of  variations  among 
short-tailed  shrews  in  central  Virginia,  with  Charles  O.  Handley,  Department 
of  Vertebrate  Zoology. 

Robert  E.  Weems,  George  Washington  University.  Preparation  of  Triassic 
skeletal  material  of  a  new  type  of  reptile  and  research  on  its  relationship  with 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I  417 


other  described  materials,  with  Nicholas  Hotton  III,  Department  of  Paleo- 
biology. 

Program  in  the  History  of  Art 

Philip  Brookman,  University  of  California,  Santa  Cruz.  Studies  in  exhibit 
design  and  installation,  with  Joseph  M.  Shannon,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and 
Sculpture  Garden. 

Barbara  R.  Butts,  Rutgers  College.  Research  for  upcoming  exhibitions,  with 
Cynthia  J.  McCabe,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

H.  Nicholas  Clark,  University  of  Delaware.  Studies  of  the  permanent  collec- 
tions at  the  Hirshhorn  Museum,  with  Inez  Garson,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and 
Sculpture  Garden. 

Joyce  K.  Guiliani,  Georgetown  University.  Study  of  the  operation  of  the  regis- 
trar's department  of  a  major  museum,  with  Patricia  H.  Chieffo,  National 
Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

Nancy  Idaka,  Hunter  College.  Research  in  the  Department  of  Painting  and 
Sculpture,  with  Judith  K.  Zilczer,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

Catherine  A.  Kaputa,  Harvard  University.  Research  on  late  Momoyama  and 
early  Edo  period  painting  in  Japan,  with  Harold  P.  Stern,  Freer  Gallery  of  Art. 

Michael  G.  Lawrence,  Case  Western  Reserve  University.  Preparing  labels, 
handcuts,  telesonic  tapes,  etc.,  for  future  exhibitions,  with  Mary  Ann  Tighe, 
Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

William  Lynn,  Georgetown  University.  Research  and  study  in  the  silk  screen 
lab,  with  Val  E.  Lewton,  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

Ted  L.  Pearson,  The  Maryland  Institute  College  of  Art.  Study  and  research  of 
design  and  installation,  with  Mary  Ann  Tighe  and  Hal  M.  Pauley,  Hirshhorn 
Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

Richard  Powell,  Howard  University.  Study  of  Afro-American  printmakers, 
with  Janet  A.  Flint,  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

Nancy  R.  Shields,  Rutgers  University.  Study  of  museum  educational  programs, 
with  Mary  Ann  Tighe,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

Maria  D.  Suarez,  Harvard  University.  Study  of  museum  educational  programs, 
with  Mary  Ann  Tighe,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

Pam  Theodoredis,  University  of  Delaware.  Research  and  exhibition  of  art  work 
of  the  mentally  and  physically  handicapped,  with  Patricia  H.  Chieffo,  National 
Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

Aimee  B.  Troyen,  Yale  University.  Preparation  of  supplement  to  Inaugural 
Catalogue  and  research  on  paintings,  with  Inez  Garson,  Hirshhorn  Museum 
and  Sculpture  Garden. 

Susan  P.  Wertheimer,  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Research  on  photographic 
material  for  the  Bicentennial  Exhibition  at  the  Hirshhorn,  with  Mary  Ann 
Tighe,  and  Cynthia  J.  McCabe,  Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden. 

Program  in  the  History  of  Science  and  Technology 

John  Commander,  University  of  Maryland.  The  influence  of  the  atomism  de- 
bate on  the  scientific  community,  1894-1906,  with  Paul  A.  Hanle,  Department 
of  Science  and  Technology. 


418  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Steven  J.  Dick,  Indiana  University.  Research  in  the  history  of  astronomy 
through  the  study  of  instruments,  with  Deborah  J.  Warner,  Department  of 
Science  and  Technology. 

Kathryn  M.  Igoe,  George  Washington  University.  Preparation  and  production 
of  a  large  scale  exhibition,  with  Paul  A.  Hanle,  Department  of  Science  and 
Technology. 

Ormond  Loomis,  Indiana  University.  Comparative  study  of  concepts  in  living 
historical  farms  and  folk  museums,  with  John  T.  Schlebecker,  Department  of 
Science  and  Technology. 

Program  in  Tropical  Biology 

Ruth  Chadab,  University  of  Connecticut.  Study  of  Army  Ant  raiding  behavior, 
with  Michael  H.  Robinson,  Smithsonian  Tropical  Research  Institute. 

Art  Museum  Fellows — National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts 

Celia  Betsky,  Yale  University.  Cataloguing  and  research  on  twentieth-century 
American  painting,  with  Karen  M.  Adams,  National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

Ildiko  De  Angelis,  S.U.N.Y.,  Binghampton.  Studies  in  educational  and  esthetic 
presentation  of  art  objects,  with  Patricia  H.  Chieffo,  National  Collection  of 
Fine  Arts. 

Stephanie  Newman,  University  of  Virginia.  Work  in  silk-screen  shop  and 
Discover  Graphics  workshop,  with  Patricia  H.  Chieffo,  National  Collection  of 
Fine  Arts. 

Neil  Printz,  University  of  Michigan.  Studies  in  educational  and  esthetic  pre- 
sentation of  art  objects,  with  Patricia  H.  Chieffo,  National  Collection  of  Fine 
Arts. 

National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities-National 
Portrait  Gallery  Interns 

Anita  E.  Jones,  Wake  Forest  University.  Studies  in  the  use  of  material  objects 
as  historical  documents,  with  Beverly  J.  Cox,  National  Portrait  Gallery. 

Martha  Sandweiss,  Harvard  University.  Studies  in  the  use  of  material  objects 
as  historical  documents,  with  Beverly  J.  Cox,  National  Portrait  Gallery. 

National  Zoological  Park  Research  Students 

Penn  Richard  Chu,  University  of  Maryland.  Work  on  the  social  behavior  of 
giant  pandas,  with  Devra  G.  Kleiman,  Office  of  Zoological  Research. 

Todd  McL.  Davis,  George  Washington  University.  Research  on  agonistic  be- 
havior in  degus,  with  Devra  G.  Kleiman,  Office  of  Zoological  Research. 

A.  Lang  Elliott,  University  of  Maryland.  Research  on  the  eastern  chipmunk, 
with  John  F.  Eisenberg,  Office  of  Zoological  Research. 

Susan  Farabaugh,  University  of  Maryland.  Investigations  into  the  vocal  de- 
velopment in  Panamanian  wrens,  with  Eugene  S.  Morton,  Office  of  Zoological 
Research. 

Rebecca  Field,  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Analysis  of  wolf  vocalizations,  with 
John  F.  Eisenberg,  Office  of  Zoological  Research. 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I  419 


David  Kessler,  University  of  Maryland.  Work  in  the  ontgeny  of  lesser  pandas, 
with  Devra  G.  Kleiman,  Office  of  Zoological  Research. 

Christine  Shonewald,  University  of  Maryland.  Investigations  of  the  courtship 
behavior  of  acouchis,  with  John  F.  Eisenberg,  Office  of  Zoological  Research. 

Susan  C.  Wilson,  Open  University,  London.  Work  in  the  ontogeny  and  play 
behavior  in  four  rodent  species,  with  Devra  G.  Kleiman,  Office  of  Zoological 
Research. 

PROFESSIONAL  INTERNSHIPS 

Philip  K.  Ensley,  D.V.M.,  Tuskegee  Institute.  Specialized  training  in  exotic 
animal  medicine,  with  Clinton  W.  Gray,  National  Zoological  Park,  from 
June  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976. 

Paula  E.  Rabkin,  M.A.,  Yale  University.  Advanced  training  in  archival  and 
editorial  skills,  with  William  C.  Sturtevant,  Center  for  the  Study  of  Man, 
from  August  17,  1975,  through  August  16,  1976. 

MUSEUM  STUDY  STUDENTS 

Miriam  Arond,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Studies  with  the  Public  Informa- 
tion section  of  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Susanne  B.  Roschwalb, 
Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Margaret  Baird,  University  of  Massachusetts.  Study  of  hand  production  of 
cloth  in  eighteenth-/nineteenth-century  America,  with  Rita  J.  Adrosko, 
Division  of  Textiles. 

Pamela  Brackenbury,  California  State  Polytechnic  University.  Preparation  of 
Archives  finding  aid,  with  William  A.  Deiss,  Smithsonian  Archives. 

Michael  Brazley,  Howard  University.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the  William 
Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Research  assistant  in  Architectural  History 
project,  with  Cynthia  A.  Field,  Smithsonian  Fellow,  Architectural  History 
project. 

Michael  D.  Cabell,  Virginia  State  College.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the 
William  Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Studies  in  the  management  of  geo- 
logical collections,  with  Frederick  J.  Collier,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 

Christina  K.  Chambers,  University  of  Connecticut.  Basic  museological  studies 
in  paleobiology,  with  Frederick  J.  Collier,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 

Nancy  S.  Costales,  Scripps  College.  Studies  in  concert  and  festival  production, 
with  B.  C.  May,  Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Arthur  L.  Cramp,  University  of  Wisconsin,  La  Crosse.  Research  for  the  book 
Losf  Washington,  with  James  M.  Goode,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution 
Building. 

Christie  Dailey,  Michigan  State  University.  Study  on  museum  methodology 
emphasizing  registration  techniques,  with  Donald  E.  Kloster,  Department  of 
National  and  Military  History. 

Carol  M.  Daye,  Howard  University.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the  William 
Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Analyzing,  organizing,  and  editing  unpublished 
documents,  with  Nathan  Reingold,  Editor,  Joseph  Henry  Papers. 

Sharon  Eubanks,  Mississippi  State  University.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the 
William  Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Preparation  of  a  bibliography  for  living 


420  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


historical  farms  and  for  agricultural  museums,  with  John  T.  Schlebecker, 
Department  of  Industries. 

Gretchen  Geiger,  Marymount  College.  Studies  in  display  designs  for  the 
Public  Information  section  of  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Susanne 
B.  Roschwalb,  Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Celia  Goldman,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Analyzing  and  studying  historical 
documents,  with  Nathan  Reingold,  Editor,  Joseph  Henry  Papers. 

Mark  Goodwin,  University  of  Massachusetts.  Studies  in  the  management  of 
vertebrate  collections,  with  Frederick  J.  Collier,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 

Mollie  Higbie,  University  of  California,  Santa  Cruz.  Studies  in  information 
techniques  at  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Susanne  B.  Roschwalb, 
Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Margaret  Holub,  University  of  California,'  Santa  Cruz.  Studies  in  the  demon- 
stration of  traditional  crafts  with  the  children's  area  of  the  Festival  of 
American  Folklife,  with  Barbara  S.  Melnicove,  Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

John  Hopkins,  Skidmore  College.  Research  of  demolished  buildings  in  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  with  James  M.  Goode,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution  Building. 

Margaret  H.  Kavalaris,  University  of  California,  Berkeley.  Analyzing,  organiz- 
ing, and  editing  historical  documents,  with  Nathan  Reingold,  Editor,  Joseph 
Henry  Papers. 

Janet  Kennelly,  University  of  Maryland.  Research  of  demolished  buildings  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  with  James  M.  Goode,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution 
Building. 

Kathryn  Kuranda,  Dickinson  College.  Research  for  the  Old  Ways  in  the  New 
World  section  of  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Susan  J.  Kalcik, 
Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

David  Lucas,  Carnegie-Mellon  University.  Supported  by  a  grant  from  the 
William  Randolph  Hearst  Foundation.  Organizational  research  projects  for 
high  school  students  and  graphic  design  work,  with  Teresa  C.  Grana,  National 
Collection  of  Fine  Arts. 

Rita  C.  Lynch,  Pitzer  College.  Analyzing  and  studying  historical  documents, 
with  Nathan  Reingold,  Editor,  Joseph  Henry  Papers. 

Linda  Mason,  Cornell  University.  Studies  in  photographic  documentation  of 
the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Susanne  B.  Roschwalb,  Division  of 
Performing  Arts. 

John  C.  Miller,  American  University.  Research  of  demolished  buildings  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  with  James  M.  Goode,  Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution 
Building. 

Carl  Moore,  University  of  California,  Santa  Cruz.  Work  with  African  Diaspora 
at  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Bernice  J.  Reagon,  Division  of 
Performing  Arts. 

Kimberley  Ann  Parmele,  University  of  California,  Berkeley.  Studies  with  the 
diplomatic  coordinator  at  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Manuel  J. 
Melendez,  Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Michelle  M.  Schultz,  Kirkland  College.  Collecting  and  processing  material 
from  ex-Peace  Corps  volunteers,  with  James  R.  Glenn,  National  Anthropologi- 
cal Archives. 

Nancy  Sherwood,  St.  Mary's  College  of  Maryland.  Studies  in  the  classification 
of  fossils,  with  Frederick  J.  Collier,  Department  of  Paleobiology. 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I  All 


Carol  Slatkin,  Brooklyn  College  Graduate  School  of  Radio  and  Television. 
Studies  in  liason  techniques  for  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with 
Susanne  B.  Roschwalb,  Division  of  Performing  Arts. 

Margaret  Tribe,  American  University.  Preparation  of  Family  Folklore  materials 
for  the  Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Steven  J.  Zeitlin,  Division  of 
Performing  Arts. 

Mary  P.  Trifone,  University  of  Massachusetts.  General  studies  in  physical 
anthropology,  with  Lucile  St.  Hoyme,  Department  of  Anthropology. 

Sandra  Turkowitz,  Skidmore  College.  Restoration  and  installation  of  exhibits 
for  the  1876  Centennial  Exhibition,  with  Deborah  J.  Warner,  Department  of 
Science  and  Technology. 

Dale  Walker,  Denison  University.  Study  of  general  laboratory  techniques  in 
the  care  and  accessioning  of  human  skeletal  material,  with  J.  Lawrence  Angel, 
Department  of  Anthropology. 

Judy  White,  University  of  Pennsylvania.  Studies  in  liason  techniques  for  the 
Festival  of  American  Folklife,  with  Susanne  B.  Roschwalb,  Division  of  Per- 
forming Arts. 

Leslie  Winn,  American  University.  Analyzing,  organizing,  and  editing  histori- 
cal documents,  with  Nathan  Reingold,  Editor,  Joseph  Henry  Papers. 

Rebecca  Zurier,  Harvard  University.  Studies  in  architectural  history  of  the 
Arts  and  Industries  Building,  with  Cynthia  A.  Field,  Smithsonian  Fellow, 
Architectural  History  Project. 

CHESAPEAKE  BAY  CENTER  FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL  STUDIES 
WORK/LEARN  STUDENTS  IN  1976 

Thomas  Andres,  Bennington  College.  Successful  Analysis  of  Forest  Tree 
Populations,  Dr.  David  Correll. 

Rose  Lee  Armstrong,  University  of  Pittsburgh.  Primary  Productivity  in  Grass- 
land Communities,  Dr.  John  Falk. 

David  Burns,  University  of  Virginia.  Leaf  Litter  Production  in  Forest  Com- 
munities, Dr.  David  Correll. 

Bonnie  Fauth,  Utah  State  University.  Outdoor  Environmental  Education  Cur- 
riculum Development,  Dr.  John  Falk. 

Eve  S.  Hiatt,  University  of  Texas  at  Austin.  Structure  and  Function  of  Com- 
munities of  Terrestrial  Vertebrates  and  Arthropods. 

Clifton  Houghton,  Gettysburg  College.  Land  Use  History  in  the  Rhode  River 
Watershed,  Ms.  Amy  Hiatt. 

Anne  C.  Jackson,  Cook  College,  Rutgers  University.  Estuarine  Microbiology, 
Dr.  Maria  Faust. 

Julie  Ann  Kinney,  University  of  Texas  at  Austin.  Estuarine  Microbiology,  Dr. 
Maria  Faust. 

Virginia  Kirby,  University  of  Arizona.  Behavioral  Ecology  of  Foraging  Birds, 
Dr.  James  Lynch. 

Beth  Meister,  Cook  College.  Compendium  of  Edible  Lawn  Plants,  Dr.  John 
Falk. 

Sara  Nielsen,  University  of  Michigan.  The  Federal  Role  in  Non-Point  Source 
Pollution  Control,  Dr.  Kevin  Sullivan. 


422  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Marc  C.  Percy,  Stanford  University.  Alternative  Strategies  for  the  Preserva- 
tion of  Agricultural  Land,  Dr.  Kevin  Sullivan. 

Kimberly  Jean  Perry,  Vassar  College.  Fecal  Contamination  of  Soil  in  a  Culti- 
vated Watershed,  Dr.  Maria  Faust. 

Thomas  Powers,  Anne  Arundel  Community  College.  Productivity  of  Lawn 
Grasses  in  a  Man-Altered  Environment,  Dr.  John  Falk. 

Donald  A.  Shute,  University  of  Illinois.  Leaf  Litter  Production  in  Forest 
Communities,  Dr.  David  Correll. 

Jennifer  G.  Smith,  University  of  North  Carolina.  Primary  Productivity  of 
Man-Altered  Grassland  Sites. 

Ruth  Aronson,  Cornell  University;  Jane  Creuss,  University  of  California; 
Thane  Maynard,  Rollins  College;  Nancy  Seibel,  University  of  Wisconsin- 
Program  Leaders,  Summer  Ecology  Program. 

SMITHSONIAN  TROPICAL  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE 
SHORT-TERM  FELLOWSHIPS  IN  TROPICAL  BIOLOGY 

The  Edward  John  Noble  Foundation 

Tania  Beliz,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Stephen  Buchmann,  University  of  California 

Karen  Clary,  Texas  A&M  University 

Edward  Connor,  Florida  State  University 

John  Dean,  University  College  of  North  Wales 

Beverly  Dugan,  University  of  Tennessee 

Harry  Greene,  University  of  Tennessee 

Alan  Jaslow,  University  of  Michigan 

Lawrence  Kirkendall,  University  of  Michigan 

Suzane  Koptur,  University  of  Michigan 

Katherine  Lee  and  Thomas  Verhoeven,  Oregon  State  University 

Susan  Libonati-Barnes,  University  of  Washington 

Marcia  Little,  Cornell  University 

Katharine  Milton,  New  York  University 

Jaiber  Monjarrez,  Universidad  del  Valle,  Cali,  Colombia 

Ana  Montalvan 

Elpidio  Pineda,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Mary  E.  Power,  University  of  Washington 

Gregg  Redmann,  Harvard  University 

James  Russell,  University  of  North  Carolina 

Lynn  Siri,  University  of  California 

Kim  Steiner,  University  of  California 

Frances  Stier,  University  of  Arizona 

Fritz  Vollrath,  Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat,  Germany 

Norris  Williams,  Florida  State  University 

EXXON  Corporation 

Franklin  Batista,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Carmen  Chang,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Fernando  Chang,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Fernando  Crastz,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Stella  Guerrero,  Universidad  del  Valle,  Cali,  Colombia 

Amalia  Herrera,  Universidad  de  Panama 


Appendix  7.  Academic  Appointments  I  423 


Jaime  Hun,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Rudolfo  Mendoza,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Magaly  Ojeda,  Instituto  Venezolano  de  Investigaciones  Cientificas 

Richard  Peralta,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Patricio  Sanchez,  Universidad  Catolica  de  Chile 

Rene  Torres,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Doris  Vergara,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Gloria  B.  de  Yee,  Universidad  de  Panama 

Henry  B.  and  Grace  Doherty  Foundation 

Bonnie  Jean  Davis,  San  Francisco  State  University 

Rita  Denny,  University  of  Pennsylvania 

Chantal  De  Ridder,  Universite  Libre  de  Bruxelles 

Douglas  Diener,  Scripps  Institution  of  Oceanography 

Joseph  Dudley,  University  of  Chicago 

Gail  Irvine,  University  of  Washington 

Pablo  Jourdan,  College  of  the  Virgin  Islands 

Howard  Lasker,  University  of  Chicago 

Henry  Lee,  University  of  North  Carolina 

Susan  Oldfield,  Queen  Mary  College,  University  of  London 

Allison  Richard  Palmer,  University  of  Washington 

Richard  Yeaton,  University  of  Pennsylvania 


424  /   Smithsonian  Year  1976 


APPENDIX  8. 


Smithsonian  Associates  Membership, 
July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976 


CONTRIBUTING  MEMBERSHIPS 

FOUNDER  MEMBERS  ($1,000  and  above) 

Mr.  Henry  C.  Beck,  Jr. 

Mr.  Robert  P.  Caldwell 

Mr.  Alfred  C.  Glassell 

The  Honorable  George  C.  McGhee 

The  Honorable  Frederick  W.  Richmond 

Mr.  Arthur  A.  Seeligson 


SUSTAINING  MEMBERS  ($500  and  above) 


Mr.  William  S.  Anderson 
Mrs.  Anna  Bing  Arnold 
Mr.  George  Arrowsmith 
Mr.  Keith  S.  Brown 


The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  John 

W.  Hechinger 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mandell  J.  Ourisman 
Ms.  Deborah  Perry 


DONOR  MEMBERS  ($100  and  up) 


Mrs.  Howard  Ahmanson 

Mr.  Ivan  Allen,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  R.  Anderson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  B.  Anderson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Emmet  D.  Anderson 

Mr.  Joseph  R.  Anderson 

Mr.  Myron  Anderson 

Mr.  John  D.  Archbold 

Mr.  John  E.  Baker 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Bartlett 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  H.  Bernard 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seymour  Bernett 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Steven  Bershader 

Mr.  Richard  Lee  Birchler 

Mr.  H.  Harold  Bishop 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  O.  Blake 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  B.  Bogan 

Ms.  Joan  V.  Bonk 

Mr.  Maxwell  Brace 

Mr.  Glenn  M.  Branch 

Mr.  J.  Bruce  Bredin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brent  Breedin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larry  Buettner 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  W.  Buhler 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  I.  Townsend  Burden  III 


The  Honorable  and  Mrs. 
William  A.  M.  Burden 
Mrs.  Jackson  Burke 
Mrs.  Clara  May  Burns 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  W.  Burns 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  A.  Burwell 
Mr.  Marion  B.  Busch 
Mr.  E.  T.  Byram 
Mr.  Carlton  E.  Byrne 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  M.  Cabaniss 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carter  Cafritz 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leo  A.  Carten 
Mrs.  Priscilla  M.  Christy 
Mr.  Blake  Clark 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jerald  L.  Clark 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  Russell  C.  Coile 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  A.  Corbet 
Mr.  Stephen  F.  Crum 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  R.  Dear 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  H.  Dennis 
General  Jacob  L.  Devers 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Kevin  P.  Donohue 
Captain  and  Mrs.  Robert  F.  Doss 
Mr.  Alden  Lowell  Doud 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  S.  Drage 


Appendix  8.  Smithsonian  Associates  I  425 


Mr.  Wilson  A.  Draughon 

Mrs.  Helen  Jean  Arthur  Dunn 

Mr.  George  M.  Elsey 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  G.  Esswein 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  G.  Evans,  Jr. 

Mr.  Robert  W.  Fleming 

Mr.  David  Fogelson 

The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  Edward 

Foley 
Mr.  Richard  E.  Ford 
Miss  Helen  E.  Forshier 
Mrs.  Rowland  G.  Freeman 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  H.  Fribourg 
Mr.  William  C.  Frogale 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Geoffrey  S.  Fuller 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  W.  Gardner 
Mr.  T.  Jack  Gary,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roswell  L.  Gilpatric 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  K.  Glennan 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  H.  Goldberg 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  Julius  Goldstein 
Mrs.  Bette  C.  Graham 
Mrs.  Katharine  Graham 
Captain  and  Mrs.  C.  A.  Grandjean 
Dr.  Sheila  H.  Gray 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  M.  Grubb 
Mr.  John  F.  Gunnell 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest  V.  Hallberg,  Jr. 
Mrs.  E.  P.  Hand 
Mr.  Gordon  Hanes 
Ms.  Morella  R.  Hansen 
Mr.  Thomas  Hays 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Heard 
Mrs.  Judith  B.  Heimach 
Ms.  Alverne  S.  Hellenthal 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  L.  M.  Hellman 
Mr.  Jeffrey  L.  Hendry 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  B.  Hewitt 
Mr.  Robert  A.  Hicks 
Dr.  J.  D.  Hills 
Commander  and  Mrs.  Robert  M. 

Hinton 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  Hoffman 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  John  B.  Holden 
Mr.  Arthur  A.  Houghton,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  R.  Hunter 
Mr.  Claude  D.  Hurd 
Mr.  F.  I.  Hutchins 
Mrs.  S.  T.  Inglish 
Dr.  Glenn  James 
Mr.  David  B.  Jenkins 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  E.  Jenks 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  F.  M.  Johnson,  Jr. 
Mr.  Daniel  C.  Kaye 
Mr.  Harris  L.  Kempner 


Mr.  Walter  H.  Kidd 

Mr.  Charles  T.  Kindsvatter 

Mr.  John  S.  Kingdon 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  K.  Knee 

Mr.  Lawrence  E.  Korwin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  Scheffer  Lang 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anthony  A.  Lapham 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  K.  C.  Latven 

Mrs.  George  Lear 

The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  Edward  H. 

Levi 
Mr.  George  E.  Lien 
Mr.  Harold  Linder 
Mr.  Benjamin  H.  Long 
Mrs.  John  E.  Long 
Ms.  Genevieve  Lukawiecki 
Mr.  Frank  R.  Lyons,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anthony  J. 

Maciorowski 
Mrs.  J.  Noel  Macy 
The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  Leonard  H. 

Marks 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larry  B.  Marton 
Mr.  Michael  E.  Mazer 
Mr.  Donald  L.  McCathran 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lacy  McClain 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  John  J.  McGrath 
Mr.  Harold  E.  Mertz 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  A.  Michaud 
Miss  Elizabeth  Milbank 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Kirkbride  Miller 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  Edward  Moore 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carl  J.  Mulert 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  H.  Muncy 
Mr.  John  F.  Murphy 
Mr.  C.  Edward  Murray,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bruce  Nelson 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Dwight  Newman 
Mr.  Thomas  S.  Nichols 
Mrs.  John  Nuveen 
Mr.  Robert  O'Brien 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  F.  O'Neil 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Guyon  P.  Pancer 
Mr.  Steven  A.  Pate 
Miss  Ruth  Uppercu  Paul 
Mr.  Louis  Peller 
Mr.  James  P.  Perry- 
Mr.  Jack  Peterson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donald  A.  Petrie 
Mrs.  Charles  E.  Phillips 
Ms.  Rae  H.  Pickrel 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dwight  J.  Porter 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  M.  Porter 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  M.  Prado 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Jerold  Principato 


426  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mrs.  Dow  Puckett 

Mr.  Cyrus  J.  Quinn 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest  G.  Rafey 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Michael  M.  Rea 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eugene  L.  Reagan 

Dr.  Michael  J.  Reilly 

Mr.  Don  Rhodes 

Mr.  John  M.  Rhodes 

Mr.  James  H.  Ripley 

Mrs.  David  Roberts  III 

Mr.  Walter  P.  Robinson,  Jr. 

Mr.  William  R.  Salomon 

Mr.  Michael  F.  Sawyer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morton  Schomer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick  P.  Shubert 

Mr.  Lloyd  E.  Schuster 

Ms.  Marjorie  H.  Scribner 

Miss  Carolynne  Seeman 

Mr.  James  G.  Shakman 

Mr.  Donald  W.  Shaw 

Mr.  Peter  L.  Sheldon 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  Sherman 

Mr.  M.  D.  Shewmaker 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  Silberman 

Mrs.  James  Sinkler 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Sivard 

Mr.  Sanford  Slavin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  L.  Smart 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dean  Smith 

Ms.  Shirley  A.  Smith 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lawrence  P.  Snipper 

Mr.  Brian  R.  Somers 

Mr.  Edward  W.  Spears 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alvin  Spriggs 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  T.  Dale  Stewart 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  A.  Sulkie 

Commander  Edward  J.  Sullivan 

Dr.  Philip  B.  Sullivan 

Mrs.  Arthur  H.  Sulzberger 

Mrs.  Martha  Frick  Symington 

Mr.  John  E.  Toole 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  G.  Townsend 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stephen  A.  Trentman 

Mr.  William  C.  Treuhaft 

Truland  Foundation 

United  Steelworkers  of  America 

Dr.  Jeremy  P.  Waletzky 

Mrs.  Barbara  R.  Walsh 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ray  Watkins 

Mr.  Arnold  Watson 

The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  James  E. 

Webb 
Mr.  Fred  Week 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  S.  Weedon 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  Westreich 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peter  White 
Mr.  James  L.  Whitehead 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donald  E.  Widmann 
Mrs.  Vivian  Wildman 
Mr.  Julius  Wile 
Mrs.  David  Wilstein 
Mrs.  Mark  Winkler 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Curtin  Winsor 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Allan  Y.  Wolins 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herman  Wouk 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  E.  Zimmerman 


SUPPORTING  MEMBERS  ($50  or  more) 


Mrs.  Ann  Duncan  Adams 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  C.  Ahlers 

Mr.  Robert  R.  Aitken 

Mr.  Jose  P.  I.  Albanez 

Mr.  W.  W.  Alexander 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  N.  Allan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  W.  Allen 

Mr.  Woodley  A.  Allen 

Mr.  James  G.  Andrews 

Mr.  Arthur  C.  Ansley 

Miss  Rose  C.  Anthony 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  B.  Antrim 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  J.  Arcuri 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Rudolph  Arkin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  W.  Auchincloss 

Mrs.  Evelyn  A.  Azarchi 

Mr.  Michael  H.  Bailey 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  S.  Bainbridge 

Miss  Josephine  Ballinger 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jeffrey  Barnes 
Lieutenant  General  and  Mrs.  Earl  W. 

Barnes 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  S.  Bauer 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  E.  Bayol 
Mr.  Norman  B.  Belecki 
Mr.  Thomas  Bellinger 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Bellows 
Dr.  Jeffrey  Berenberg 
Mr.  L.  Bergland 
Mrs.  Thelma  Berkley 
Mr.  Samuel  W.  Bernheimer 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  James  F.  Bing 
Ms.  Jill  S.  Bixler 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  Blackledge 
Mrs.  Anthony  F.  Blanks 
Mr.  Frank  Bliss,  Jr. 
Mr.  Donn  W.  Block 
Mr.  Robert  F.  Bodrogy 


Appendix  8.  Smithsonian  Associates  I  427 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mel  H.  Bolster 
The  Honorable  Frances  P.  Bolton 
The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  Philip  W. 

Bonsai 
Mr.  Arthur  S.  Boraca 
Mr.  Vincent  B.  Boris 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  Borowsky 
Mr.  John  Henderson  Boswell,  Sr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  A.  Bowles 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Boyd 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  John  R.  Boyd 
Dr.  P.  H.  Boyer 
Ms.  Eugenie  Rowe  Bradford 
Miss  Evelyn  W.  Bradshaw 
Mr.  Raymond  A.  Brady 
Dr.  William  L.  Brannon,  Jr. 
Dr.  James  C.  Bray 
Mr.  Edward  T.  Brooks 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harold  D.  Brown 
Mr.  J.  James  Brown 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Percival  F.  Brundage 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick  B.  Bryant 
Mr.  Jackson  R.  Bryer 
Mr.  Donald  J.  Buckmann 
Mr.  Edward  P.  Bullock 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  M.  Burger 
Ms.  Barbara  Burklew 
Mr.  Richard  Scott  Burow 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  L.  Calhoun 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwin  Callahan 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  B.  Cameron,  Jr. 
Mr.  M.  Cane 

Dr.  Francis  Caponegro,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Woolsey  Carmalt 
Mr.  Harvey  Carmel 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  S.  Carpenter 
Mr.  Philip  L.  Carret 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Douglas  H.  Carter 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edmund  L.  Castillo 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  C.  Castillo 
Mr.  Sabastino  J.  Castro 
The  Honorable  and  Mrs.  Henry  E. 

Catto,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Chackin 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  G.  Chandler 
Mr.  Joel  Chaseman 
Ms.  Gabrielle  Choy 
Mrs.  Harold  W.  Cheel 
Mr.  K.  Dexter  Cheney 
Mr.  Henry  C.  Christie 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Page  B.  Clagett 
Mr.  Ludwig  R.  Claps 
Mr.  Charles  F.  Cleland 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  David  G.  Cogan 
Mr.  Edward  J.  Cohen 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  F.  Comick 

Mr.  Robert  M.  Comly 

Mrs.  Ethel  Conlisk 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  R.  Connell 

Mr.  Leonardo  Contardo 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  George  Cook 

Mr.  William  J.  Cooper 

Mr.  Thomas  G.  Corcoran,  Jr. 

Mrs.  Mildred  S.  Corrigan 

Ms.  Patricia  D.  W.  Counts 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  V.  Covell 

Mrs.  Logan  O.  Cowgill 

Miss  Mary  L.  Cox 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  Cox 

Mrs.  W.  C.  Cox 

Ms.  Patricia  E.  Coyle 

Mr.  David  M.  Crabtree 

Mr.  F.  L.  Cromwell 

Ms.  Linda  F.  Crouse 

Mrs.  Linda  Cooper  Crow 

Ms.  Judith  C.  Croxton 

Mr.  George  A.  Crump 

Mr.  Carl  R.  Culbas 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  B.  Culver 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  W.  T.  Cunningham 

Mrs.  Chester  Dale 

Ms.  Winifred  B.  Dana 

Captain  and  Mrs.  R.  L.  Daniels 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  N.  Davis 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  Elwood  Davis 

Ms.  Olivia  Davis 

Mrs.  Alva  A.  Dawson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Guy  L.  De  Furia 

Mr.  Silvester  De  Thomasis 

Mr.  Alan  L.  Dean 

Ms.  Marie  Debacker 

Ms.  Cassandra  H.  Deck 

Major  General  and  Mrs.  Oren  E. 

DeHaven 
Ms.  Elena  Delacio 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wayne  Richard 

Delaney 
Captain  and  Mrs.  Victor  Delano 
Mr.  Howard  Dellon 
Mr.  Vinel  E.  Dent 
Mr.  Wallace  DeWitt 
Miss  Patricia  Anne  Dick 
Miss  Mary  C.  Dillingham 
Mr.  R.  Samuel  Dillon,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Dimick 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allen  T.  Dittman 
Mr.  George  A.  Doole 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tom  Dooley 
Mr.  James  A.  Dorsch 
Mr.  David  M.  Dorsen 


428  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  H.  Drummond 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  Dubin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donald  A.  Duffy 

Mr.  A.  P.  Dumas,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  Stewart  Dunn,  Jr. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  and  Mrs.  John  J. 

Durant 
Mr.  Philip  A.  Dusault 
Ms.  Elizabeth  M.  Earley 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  F.  Early 
Dr.  Anthony  M.  Eaton 
General  and  Mrs.  Richard  J.  Eaton 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theodore  M.  Edison 
Mr.  Chester  R.  Edwards 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  B.  Eichholz 
Miss  Lynette  F.  Eltinge 
Mr.  Pleasanton  H.  Ennis 
Mrs.  Lionel  C.  Epstein 
Mrs.  Philip  H.  Erbes 
Miss  Ann  E.  Erdman 
Mr.  Timothy  Evans 
Mr.  Henry  Eyl 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Irving  Feist 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  J.  J.  Felmley 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  R.  Fillebrown 
Mr.  I.  Avrum  Fingeret 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  D.  Finney,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  Greenhoot  Fischer 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joel  H.  Fisher 
Mr.  Kenneth  P.  Fisher 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ronald  Fisher 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  A.  L.  Fjordbotten 
Mr.  Edwin  F.  Fleischman 
Mrs.  Julius  Fleischmann 
Mr.  Harlan  B.  Forbes,  Jr. 
Mr.  Earl  M.  Foreman 
Mr.  H.  Jeff  Fossett  III 
Mr.  John  H.  Foster 
Mr.  Joel  Burr  Fowler  II 
Mr.  Mark  Fox 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  R.  Fox 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Irwin  J.  Fredman 
Mr.  Gordon  Freedman 
Mr.  C.  5.  Gardner 
Mrs.  Virginia  B.  Garvey 
Mr.  Zachary  Paul  Geaneas 
Mr.  Jack  Lewis  Geller 
Ms.  Frances  A.  Giacobbe 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Roy  S.  Gillinson 
Mr.  John  M.  Goehner 
Miss  Elinor  Goodspeed 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Willliam  Goshorn 
Mr.  G.  Gowans 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Moses  J.  Gozonsky 
Ms.  Betty  R.  Graham 


Mr.  William  F.  Graney 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Grattan 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  D.  Gray,  Jr. 

Mr.  Thomas  E.  Greathouse 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Louis  Greenberg 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  James  B.  Gregory 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donald  B.  Gridley 

Miss  Jeanne  Griest 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Lindsay  I.  Griffin  III 

Mr.  Sam  Griffith 

Mrs.  Hubert  L.  Grigault 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Groberg 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  C.  D.  Groover 

Mr.  John  H.  Groth 

Mr.  Joseph  Guilietti,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hans  Gunzenhauser 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alvin  Guttag 

Mr.  John  L.  Hafenrichter 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  H.  Hagemeyer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Halpern 

Miss  Marion  S.  Halsey 

Mr.  Courtney  C.  Hamilton 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  William  F.  Hamilton,  Jr. 

Miss  Eileen  M.  Hardy 

Dr.  James  C.  Harris 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allen  Harrison 

Mr.  Peter  M.  Hart 

Mr.  David  T.  Harvey,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Harwell,  Jr. 

Mr.  Philip  H.  Haselton 

Mr.  Warren  W.  Hastings 

Mr.  George  A.  Hatzes,  Jr. 

Mr.  Gerald  Hawkins 

Ms.  Mercedes  Hearn 

Major  Charles  E.  Heimach 

Mr.  Ray  Heiskell 

Mr.  Ralph  D.  Helwig 

Ms.  Mary  Stanley  Henderson 

Dr.  Walter  L.  Henry 

Mrs.  Nona  G.  Herndon 

Mr.  Alan  R.  Hill 

Mr.  Charles  H.  Himman 

Mr.  William  M.  Hines 

Mrs.  J.  H.  Ward  Hinkson 

Mr.  Joseph  U.  Hinshaw 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  J.  Hitch 

Mr.  Michael  R.  Hoffman 

Mr.  E.  Roberts  Hofsas 

Mr.  Roger  E.  Holtman 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  F.  Horning,  Jr. 

Mr.  Arthur  M.  Horst 

Mr.  Alfred  Preston  Howland 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  H.  Hughes 

Mr.  Nicholas  D.  P.  Hughes 

Mr.  John  L.  Hughes-Caley 


Appendix  8.  Smithsonian  Associates  I  429 


Ms.  Sally  Hunter 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  D.  Hurd 

Miss  Ann  Hyde 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  M.  Idema 

Mrs.  S.  H.  Ingersoll 

Mr.  Harald  W.  Jacobson 

Mr.  W.  N.  Jersin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  D.  Johnson 

Dr.  Donald  A.  Johnson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Irwin  B.  Johnson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  B.  Jones,  Jr. 

Mr.  Mitchell  F.  Jones,  Jr. 

Mr.  R.  E.  Jones,  Jr. 

Lieutenant  Colonel  W.  B.  Jones 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Michael  Joseph 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Albert  H.  Jung 

Mr.  John  M.  Kalbermatten 

Mr.  James  B.  Karickhoff 

Ms.  Monna  Y.  Kauppinen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  M.  Kaye 

Mr.  E.  J.  Kazanowski 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earl  W.  Keegan 

Mr.  Thomas  M.  Keeling 

Mrs.  George  C.  Keiser 

Mr.  Robert  C.  Keller,  Jr. 

Mr.  Morrie  Kellman 

Mr.  Stephen  D.  Kelly 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Kenety 

Mr.  W.  John  Kenney 

Ms.  Anna  Marie  Kent 

Mr.  Andrew  A.  Kerhulas,  Jr. 

Mr.  William  R.  Kerivan 

Dr.  Harold  King 

Ms.  Susan  C.  Kirkby 

Mr.  Kenneth  W.  Klein 

Mr.  Wily  W.  Knighten 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Allison  J.  Koberg 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  P.  Kogod 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Michael  J.  Koliss 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  M.  C.  Korengold 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bogumil  Kosciesza 

Mr.  Robert  Myles  Koteen 

Mr.  Michael  Kraft 

Mr.  Albert  Kramer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  L.  Kranker 

Lieutenant  Colonel  Barton  Krawetz 

Mr.  R.  P.  Kressley,  Sr. 

Major  and  Mrs.  A.  N.  Kropf 

Miss  S.  Victoria  Krusiewski 

Mr.  Stanley  J.  Kuliczkowski 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  Kwalwasser 

Mrs.  Wesley  M.  Kyle,  Jr. 

Mr.  William  P.  La  Plant,  Jr. 

Mr.  Albert  J.  Laflam 

Mr.  Glenn  G.  Lamson,  Jr. 


Mr.  John  Lanchak 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Felix  J.  Lapinski 

Mr.  David  Lasser 

Mr.  Hugh  Leroy  Latham 

Mr.  John  T.  Lawrence 

Ms.  Ella  Jean  Layman 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  M.  Lederer 

Mr.  James  A.  Lee 

Colonel  and  Mrs.  Jack  L.  Leggett 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  W.  Legro 

Mrs.  E.  R.  Leng 

Mr.  Richard  J.  Leonard 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Carl  M.  Leventhal 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ernest  E.  Lewis 

Mr.  Morgan  Lewis 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  G.  Liebhardt 

Mr.  Frank  W.  Lindenberger 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  D.  A.  Lindquist 

Mrs.  Jean  C.  Lindsey 

Miss  Jane  T.  Lingo 

Mr.  R.  Robert  Linowes 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sol  M.  Linowitz 

Ms.  Harriet  K.  Lloyd 

Dr.  Kathleen  E.  Lloyd 

Dr.  P.  Loe 

Ms.  Ursula  G.  Lohmann 

Mr.  Paul  C.  Loizeaux 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tom  H.  W.  Loomis 

Mr.  Durate  A.  Lopez 

Mr.  Richard  G.  Loutsch 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stephen  Low 

Mr.  William  Lowenthal 

Mr.  Harry  Lunn 

Mrs.  Audrey  Luster 

Mr.  J.  Robert  MacNaughton 

Mr.  Rex  A.  Maddox 

Mrs.  James  T.  Magee 

Captain  Ronald  L.  Magee 

Mrs.  Isabel  C.  Mahaffie 

Dr.  Hunter  E.  Malloy 

Mr.  Robert  W.  Mann 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  Mannes 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  D.  Manns 

Major  and  Mrs.  George  S.  Mansfield 

Mr.  John  W.  Margosian 

Mr.  James  M.  Maroney 

Mr.  Richard  Heeman  Marshall 

Mr.  P.  H.  Mathews 

Ms.  Karen  Mathiasen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  F.  Maxwell 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Francis  Mayle,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  S.  Mazza 

Mr.  Thomas  L.  McCamley 

Mr.  Martin  E.  McCavitt 

Colonel  Stephen  McCormick 


430  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mr.  John  P.  McCullough 

Mr.  Allan  R.  McDonald 

Mr.  Charles  Vincent  McDonald 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  P.  McDonald 

Mr.  Thomas  J.  McDowell 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  W.  McEachren 

Mr.  Robert  C.  McGhee 

Mr.  Donn  McGiehan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Philip  L.  McHugh 

Dr.  Richard  J.  Mcllroy 

Mr.  James  S.  McKnight 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  R.  McLauglin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  M.  McMurray 

Mr.  J.  Jerome  McNally 

Dr.  J.  Malcolm  McNeill 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Max  B.  McQueen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  J.  Medalie 

Dr.  Barbara  A.  Mella 

Ms.  Dorothy  B.  Melville 

Mrs.  R.  B.  Menapace 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Louis  W.  Mendonsa 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Norman  J.  Merksamer 

Mrs.  Ida  C.  Merriam 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harold  W.  Merritt 

Mr.  David  Messent 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  Meyer 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  David  B.  Michaels 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gordon  K.  Milestone 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  G.  R.  Milford 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  G.  O.  Miller 

Mr.  L.  Allen  Miller 

Dr.  M.  H.  Miller 

Mr.  Warren  G.  Miller 

Ms.  Justine  Milliken 

Mr.  Don  W.  Minium 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  John  Minna 

Dr.  Raymond  Mize,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  O.  Mohn 

Colonel  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  L.  Moll 

Mr.  John  Molleson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  D.  Monk 

Miss  Mary  Montoya 

Mrs.  E.  P.  Moore 

Mr.  Franklin  C.  Moore 

Mr.  James  Moore 

Mr.  Leonard  Moretz 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  James  I.  Moulthrop 

Mr.  Burnaby  Munson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  D.  Murphy 

Mr.  Patrick  J.  Murphy 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edmund  Murray 

Mr.  Thomas  W.  Nawn 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  E.  Newby 

Mrs.  F.  C.  Noble 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Giles  R.  Norrington 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  R.  Norwood 

Mr.  David  P.  Notley 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  T.  O'Day 

Mrs.  John  B.  Ogilvie 

Mr.  Thomas  O'Hare 

Mr.  Cyprus  Omidyar 

Mr.  Brian  O'Neill 

Mrs.  Carolyn  C.  Onufrak 

Osceola  Farms  Co. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  John  Ottina 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  J.  R.  Pales 

Commander  Everett  A.  Parke 

Ms.  Alice  Mengel  Parker 

Dr.  David  F.  Paskausky 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gerald  Patrick 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jeffrey  Patterson 

Colonel  C.  Michael  Paul 

Mr.  Harry  A.  Paynter 

Mr.  Raymond  Pearlstine 

Mrs.  C.  Wesley  Peeble,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  C.  Penick 

Mr.  George  E.  Perez 

Mr.  Tucker  W.  Peterson 

Captain  and  Mrs.  Charles  Phillips 

Mrs.  Frank  S.  Phillips 

Mr.  Joseph  B.  Phillips 

Mr.  James  H.  Pickford 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  D.  Pierce 

Mr.  Richard  E.  Pitts 

Mr.  Dexter  5.  Plumlee,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leo  Pompliano 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  T.  Pope,  Jr. 

Ms.  Laura  R.  Potter 

Mr.  Jean  Poupeau 

Mrs.  James  A.  Powell 

Mr.  Douglas  5.  Price 

Mr.  William  R.  Probst 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jeffrey  A.  Prussin 

Miss  Inez  L.  Pulver 

Dr.  Regina  A.  Puryear 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Wallace  Raabe 

Miss  Ellen  R.  Ramsey 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  R.  Rankin 

Ms.  Isabel  M.  Rea 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  Reams 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seymour  Reitman 

Mr.  John  Arthur  Reynolds 

Mr.  John  P.  Rhodes 

Mr.  Joseph  A.  Rice 

Ms.  Pat  Ridge 

Mr.  Donald  W.  Riester 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Eugene  H.  Rietzke 

Dr.  Monira  K.  Rifaat 

Ms.  Jane  F.  Roberts 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maxwell  B.  Roberts 


Appendix  8.  Smithsonian  Associates  I  431 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  F.  L.  Robertson 

Mr.  Hamilton  Robinson 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  S.  David  Rockoff 

Mr.  William  R.  Rose  III 

Mr.  E.  H.  Rosenberg 

Mr.  Leon  I.  Rosenbluth 

Mr.  Robert  J.  Rovang 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roy  R.  Russo 

Mrs.  John  Barry  Ryan 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hachemi  Saada 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Abner  Sachs 

Mrs.  Marvin  Sadur 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  David  L.  Salmon,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herbert  Salzman 

Mr.  R.  R.  Santarossa 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Sapadin 

Mr.  B.  Francis  Saul  II 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thorndike  Saville 

Very  Reverend  and  Mrs.  Francis  B. 

Sayre,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  E.  Sayers 
Mr.  John  K.  Scales 

Lieutenant  General  George  E.  Schafer 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  J.  Scheips 
Mr.  Robert  J.  Schemel 
Dr.  Basil  A.  Schiff 
Ms.  Penelope  L.  Schleifer 
Mrs.  Julian  L.  Schley 
Mr.  Kenneth  P.  Schmidt 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacques  J.  Schoch 
Miss  Greta  Schuessler 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  H.  Schwartz 
Major  and  Mrs.  T.  E.  Schwartz 
Mr.  C.  W.  Scott 
Dr.  Wayne  Scott 
Mr.  William  R.  Scott 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gene  F.  Seevers 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seymour  M.  Selig 
Mr.  Lee  C.  Seligman 
Mr.  F.  L.  Selvig 
Mr.  Dan  E.  Shackelford 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Gordon  T.  Shahin 
Mr.  John  F.  Shaw 
Mr.  John  D.  Shilling 
Ms.  Donna  H.  Shor 
Mr.  Arthur  Siebel 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alexander  W.  Sierck 
Mrs.  Ellen  Hanna  Simmons 
Mrs.  Charles  Simon 
Mr.  Kenward  L.  Sims 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  C.  Haskell  Small 
Mr.  Benjamin  M.  Smith,  Jr. 
Mr.  Hugh  Stewart  Smith 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joe  P.  Smith 
Mrs.  Myron  B.  Smith 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Larry  Snodgrass 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gerald  Snyder 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Saul  Snyder 
Mr.  Robert  W.  Snyder  II 
Dr.  Marian  A.  Solomon 
Mr.  Harold  A.  Soulis 
Dr.  Daniel  L.  Stabile 
Mr.  Richard  W.  Stafford 
Mr.  Ronald  A.  Stanley 
Mr.  Bruce  E.  Stauffer 
Mr.  Stuart  L.  Stauss 
Colonel  and  Mrs.  Harcourt  M. 

Stebbins 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  B.  Stephens 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jeffrey  A.  Stevens 
Dr.  Serena  Stier 
Mrs.  Tegner  M.  Stokes 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  K.  A.  Strand 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  L.  Sugarman 
Mr.  Charles  A.  Suter 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  R.  Sutter 
Mrs.  Mary  Davidson  Swift 
Mr.  Gerald  L.  Swope 
Mr.  Harry  F.  Swope  III 
Mr.  Curtis  W.  Tarr 
Miss  Harriet  J.  Tatman 
Mr.  Joseph  M.  Tessmer 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  C.  Tetro 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Brian  Thompson 
Ms.  Linda  R.  Thompson 
Mrs.  B.  W.  Thoron 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sylvan  M.  Tobin 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grover  M.  P.  Tolliver 
Mrs.  Stirling  Tomkins 
Mr.  Henry  R.  Traubitz 
Mr.  Thomas  T.  Traywick,  Sr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lynn  A.  Trobaugh 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  Buel  Trowbridge 
Mr.  John  H.  Turner 
Mr.  George  E.  Tuttle 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  E.  Tychsen 
Ms.  Judith  Falk  Unger 
Mr.  Anthony  S.  Vaivada 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Philip  Varner 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theodore  J.  Vass 
Mr.  John  M.  Veatch 
Mr.  John  M.  Venditti 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  W.  Vest,  Jr. 
Mr.  Wallace  W.  Voigt 
Ms.  A.  E.  Wall 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  D.  Walsh 
Mrs.  Harry  Wanger 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  P.  Ward 
Mr.  Michael  J.  Ward 
Ms.  Susan  C.  Watkins 


432  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mrs.  Mary  M.  Watson 

Colonel  and  Mrs.  Louis  V.  Watwood 

Dr.  Hamilton  B.  Webb 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  Wechsler 

Mr.  Norman  Weiden 

Miss  Ruth  M.  Weiland 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gerald  L.  Werner 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  B.  Wharton 

Mrs.  Edwin  M.  Wheeler 

Mr.  George  Y.  Wheeler 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Grover  C.  White,  Jr. 

Mr.  Ward  P.  Whitlock 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  E.  Wickman 

Dr.  Edwin  Wildner 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gordon  Wiley 

Major  General  and  Mrs  H.  L. 

Wilkerson 
Mrs.  Richard  E.  Wilkie 
Mr.  J.  Harvey  Wilkinson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Willard 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arnold  Clarke  Williams 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  I.  Williams 
Colonel  E.  J.  Williams 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  J.  Williams 


Mrs.  William  J.  Williams,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  A.  Williamson,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Williamson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  K.  Willis 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Morton  H.  Wilmer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Luke  W.  Wilson 

Mrs.  Flora  Jane  Winton 

Mr.  Gilbert  A.  Wolf 

Mrs.  Saralyn  V.  Wolff 

Mr.  David  L.  Wood 

Mr.  Kenneth  A.  Wood 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  E.  Woodin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Woodward 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Work 

Mrs.  Frank  L.  Wright 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  E.  Wright 

Mr.  Christopher  B.  Wry,  Jr. 

Ms.  Jane  W.  Wuchinch 

Mrs.  Leslie  H.  Wyman 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  R.  Youngert 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  A.  Zauner 

Mrs.  John  H.  Zentay 

Dr.  5.  S.  Zungoli 


Appendix  8.  Smithsonian  Associates  I  433 


APPENDIX  9.     List  of  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
July  1, 1975,  through  September  30,  1976 


OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 

SPECIAL  PROJECTS 
Garber,  Paul  E. :  bronze  bust  of  James  Smithson  by  Felix  W.  de  Weldon. 

Donors  to  the  Furnishings  Collection 

Bartlett,  Mrs.  Bradford,  Falls  Church,  Virginia:  five  Renaissance  Revival  chairs, 
table,  mantle  clock,  Empire  sofa,  Morris  chair,  Rococo  Revival  sofa,  plat- 
form rocker,  dropleaf  table,  whatnot,  gilded  mirror. 

Bolin,  Mrs.  Luis,  Washington,  D.C.:  dining  table,  eight  Gothic  Revival  side 
chairs. 

Cabot,  Ambassador  and  Mrs.  John  H.,  Washington,  D.C.:  Renaissance  Revival 
sideboard. 

Drysdale,  Mrs.  Robert  M.,  Jr.,  and  Mr.  Lawrence  Drake,  Warrenton,  Virginia: 
bronze  card  tray,  six  side  chairs,  two  Savanarolla  arm  chairs,  five  Medieval 
Revival  arm  chairs  and  matching  settee,  pair  marine  paintings,  carved 
chest,  pair  French  vases,  pair  firescreens,  tilt-top  table,  pair  Neo-Greek 
pedestal  stands. 

Furman,  Mrs.  Martha,  Bethesda,  Maryland:  pair  Anglo-Japanese  urns,  bronze 
mantle  clock. 

Jones,  Mr.  H.  McCoy,  Bethesda,  Maryland:  pier  mirror. 

Lee,  Mrs.  Dora  Fugh,  Bethesda,  Maryland:  pair  watercolor  paintings. 

Moody,  Mrs.  Ada  C,  Bethesda,  Maryland:  watercolor  painting,  Venetian 
mirror,  two  bookcases,  dining  table,  pedestal  stand. 

Patterson,  Mrs.  Jefferson,  Washington,  D.C.:  crystal  table  lamp,  hatrack, 
Bohemian  glass  vase,  pair  watercolor  paintings. 

Smith,  Mrs.  Wilfred  J.,  Alexandria,  Virginia:  Rococo  Revival  console  table. 

Spear,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ralph  E.,  Alexandria,  Virginia:  reed  organ,  piano  stool. 

Templin,  Roger  P.  (estate),  Alton,  Illinois:  pedestal  desk,  mirror,  three 
tables,  commode,  Oriental  prayer  carpet,  pair  side  chairs. 


SCIENCE 

CENTER  FOR  THE  STUDY  OF  MAN,  NATIONAL 
ANTHROPOLOGICAL  FILM  CENTER 

Donors  of  Financial  Support 

Anonymous:  support  of  film  projects. 

The  Canada  Council:  support  of  A  Film  Record  of  the  Pashtoon  People  of 
Afghanistan. 


434  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Cullinane,  Nina:  development  of  the  National  Anthropological  Film  Center. 
Evers,  Henry,  K. :  development  of  the  National  Anthropological  Film  Center. 
The  Marks  Foundation,  Inc.:  development  of  the  National  Anthropological 

Film  Center. 
Morgan,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Thomas  B.:  support  of  film  projects  in  both  the  South 

Pacific  and  related  areas. 
National   Endowment   for   the   Arts:    support    of   A    Filmic    Inquiry    into    the 

Artistic  Lifestyle  of  the  Western  Caroline  Islands  of  Micronesia. 
National    Endowment    for   the    Humanities :    second-year    support    of    a    Film 

Center  to   serve   as   a   research   resource   for   humanistic   scholarship;   con- 
tinuing support  of  A  Film  Record  of  the  Pashtoon  People  of  Afghanistan. 
National  Institute  of  Mental  Health:  preparation  of  a  report  on  the  patterns 

of  child  handling  and  rearing  of  the  Canela  Indians  of  Brazil. 
Rockefeller,  Eileen  McG.:  support  of  projects  of  the  National  Anthropological 

Film  Center. 
Rockefeller,   Steven   C. :    support   of   film   projects   in   the   South   Pacific   and 

related  areas. 
Smith,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Gerard  C. :  development  of  the  National  Anthropological 

Film  Center. 
Stirling,  Mrs.  Marion:   support  of  projects  of   the   National  Anthropological 

Film  Center. 
Waletzky,  Dr.  &  Mrs.  Jeremy  P.:  support  of  film  projects  in  the  South  Pacific 

and  related  areas. 

Donors  and  Collaborative  Acquisitions 

Balikci,  Dr.  Asen,  University  of  Montreal:  Film,  Pashtoon  Nomads  of  Afghanis- 
tan, 94,800  ft.  Supported  by  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities, 
the  Canada  Council,  and  WGBH  Public  Broadcasting. 

Breidenbach,  George,  Chatsworth,  New  Jersey:  Film,  Study  of  Polynesian  Child 
Behavior  in  the  Cook  Islands,  8,500  feet.  Supported  by  the  National  Geo- 
graphic Society. 

Breidenbach,  Martha,  University  of  Illinois  at  Chicago  Circle:  Film,  Friday 
Healing  Ritual  of  the  Church  of  the  Twelve  Apostles,  Ghana,  2,000  feet. 

Crocker,  Dr.  William  H.,  National  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Smithsonian 
Institution:  Film,  Study  of  Child  Behavior  and  Human  Development  among 
the  Canela  Indians  of  Brazil,  84,000  ft.  Supported  by  the  National  Endow- 
ment for  the  Humanities. 

Lowman,  Cherry,  Columbia  University:  5,500  35mm  b&w  photographs  of 
behavioral  sequences  of  the  Maring  people  of  the  Simbai  and  Jimi  Valleys, 
Papua  New  Guinea,  with  related  field  notes  and  health  survey  data.  Sup- 
ported by  the  National  Science  Foundation. 

Merriman,  Paul  H.,  Madison,  Wisconsin:  16,000  feet  of  film  documentation 
from  the  travels  of  Milton  E.  Merriman  from  the  1920's  through  the  1950's. 

Muller,  Dr.  Kalman,  Guadalajara,  Mexico;  George  S.  Breidenbach,  Chatsworth, 
New  Jersey;  and  Karl  Kernberger,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico:  Film,  Traditional 
Polynesian  Dances  of  the  Cook  Islands,  21,050  ft.  Supported  by  the 
National  Geographic  Society. 

Smith,  Hubert  L.,  University  of  California  at  Los  Angeles:  Film  Studies  of 
American  Family  Life,  16,700  ft.  Supported  by  the  American  Film  Institute 
and  the  Institute  for  the  Study  of  Human  Issues. 

Staal,  Dr.  J.  Frits,  University  of  California  at  Berkeley,  and  Robert  J.  Gard- 
ner, Harvard  University:  Research  Film  Documentation  of  the  Agnicayana 
Vedic  Ritual  in  India,  28,000  ft.  Supported  by  the  Smithsonian  Foreign 
Currency  Program  and  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities. 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  435 


Williams,  Scott,  Bellevue  Community  College,  Bellevue,  Washington:  A  Film 
Study  of  the  Western  Caroline  Islands  of  Micronesia,  29,000  ft.  Supported 
by  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities. 

Wirz,  Dadi,  Rice  University,  Houston,  Texas:  12,488  feet  of  35mm  film  shot  by 
Paul  Wirz  between  1918  and  1930  in  New  Guinea,  Bali,  Sumatra,  and  Borneo. 

NATIONAL  AIR  AND  SPACE  MUSEUM 
Donors  of  Financial  Support 

Communications  Satellite  Corporation:  for  COMSAT  Unit  in  exhibit  gallery, 

"Benefits  from  Flight." 
Federal  Republic  of  Germany:  for  a  Zeiss  MK  V  Planetarium  and  automation 

for  the  Planetarium. 
Summa  Corporation:  for  Museum  activities. 
TRW  Foundation:  an  exhibit  unit  depicting  the  contributions  to  aeronautics 

made  by  General  James  Doolittle. 

Donors  to  the  Collections 

Alcorn,  John:  Laird  Super  Solution  model. 

Barnaby,  Ralph  S.  (USN  Ret.) :  "Leonardo"  Trophy  from  First  International 
Paper  Model  Airplane  Contest. 

Bell  Helicopters:  Helicopter  models. 

Brant,  Richard:  Granville  Brothers  Gee-Bee  model  Z. 

Chennault,  Anna:  Flying  Tigers  memorabilia. 

Communications  Satellite  Corp.:  $32,000  for  six  video  monitors  to  show 
transmissions  carried  by  INTELSAT  Global  Communications  Satellite 
System  and  COMSAT  System  Maps. 

Containair:  Three  corrugated  cardboard  air  freight  containers. 

Crossfield,  A.  Scott:  Logbook  from  D-558-II. 

Delta  Airlines:  Bank  of  three  DC-8  passenger  seats. 

Emery  Air  Freight:  Large  air  freight  container. 

Ficklen,  John  D. : — Deperdussin  Racer  1913  model. 

Garrett  Corp.:  Garrett  TPE  331  Turboprop. 

Gates,  J.  C. :  German  aircraft  instruments. 

Gates-Learjet  Corp.:  Learjet  nose  section. 

General  Electric:  G.  E.  CF-6  high  bypass  turbofan  model  engine. 

Goodyear  Tire  &  Rubber  Co.:  Model  of  Goodyear  Blimp,  1:32  scale. 

Grumman  Aerospace  Corp.:  Fire  pumper  prototype. 

Grumman  Aerospace  Corp. :  Grumman  A6-E  model. 

Howell,  Emily:  First  female  airline  pilot's  uniform. 

Hughes  Aircraft  Co.:  DC-10  Demultiplexer/Encoder  and  two  Probeyes. 

Hughes  Helicopters,  Div.  of  Summa  Corp.:  Hughes  Hercules  H-4  and  Dou- 
glas DC-3  models. 

Jacoby,  Clarence  C,  Model  Builders,  Inc. :  Macchi  M-7  model. 

Jensen,  Philip:  Wedell-Williams  1934  Racer  model. 

Johnson,  Cdr.  R.  A.,  Director,  U.S.  Naval  Pilot  Test  School,  Naval  Air  Test 
Center:  Test  pilot  school  textbooks. 

Kato,  Tatsusaburo:  Japanese  kites. 

Kelly,  John:  Stearman  Cropduster  model. 

Kill,  Syl:  Caudron  C-460  model. 

Lee,  George:  Verville-Sperry  R-3  model. 

Lockheed  Aircraft  Corp.:  Lockheed  CL-475  Helicopter. 

Lockheed  Georgia  Co.:  "Super  Hercules"  L-100-30  model. 

Lopez,  Donald  S.:  U.S.  Air  Force  memorabilia. 


436  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Lyons,  J.  Michael:  Junkers  Ju-87B  model. 

McDonald  Douglas  Corp.:  Models  of  DC-20  and  DC-3,  1:25  scale. 

Mikesh,  Robert  C. :  B-24  Astrodome  bubble. 

Mitchell,  Dr.  Frank:  Granville  Brothers  Gee-Bee  R-l  model. 

Motorola,  Inc.:  Coronary  Observation  Radio  (COR)  System. 

NASA,  Ames:  SST,  X-B-70,  M-l  and  M2F2  lifting  bodies,  and  three  shuttle 

wind  tunnel  models. 
NASA,  Edwards:  Lockheed  F104A  Starfighter. 
NASA,  Johnson:  Telecare  Emergency  Medical  System. 

NASA,  Langley:  Spin  tunnel  models  and  D-558-II  and  X-2  wind  tunnel  models. 
NASA,  General  Electric,  and  National  Geographic:  10'  X  16'  Landsat  Mosaic 

transparency  of  48  contiguous  United  States. 
National  Weather  Service  and  The  Boeing  Co.:  APT  antenna,  pedestal,  and 

recording  equipment;  transportation  of  antenna  provided  by  The  Boeing  Co. 
Naval  Aviation  Museum:  Pratt  &  Whitney  Wasp  Jr.  R-985  engine. 
Nolte,  Richard:  Japanese  Army  Air  Force  World  War  II  uniform. 
Pacesetter  Systems,  Inc. :  Two  heart  pacemakers. 
Pan  American  Airlines:  PanAm  shipping  container. 
Peterson,  George  A.:  German  Air  Force  uniform. 
Poynter,  Robert:  Messerschmitt  Bf.  HOC  model. 
Quincy  Shipbuilding  Div.,  General  Dynamics :  Model  LNG  tanker. 
Rohr  Industries,  Inc.:  Metro  car  model. 

San  Francisco  Bay  Area  Rapid  Transit  District:  Two  maps  of  BART  System. 
Schmitt,  John:  World  War  II  aircraft  armament  cartridges. 
Sierra  Engineering  Co. :  Collection  of  oxygen  masks  and  helmets. 
Sikorsky/United  Technologies:  Sikorsky  S-64  Skycrane  and  S-61N  helicopter 

models;  Helicopter  Familiarization  Training  Unit. 
Spenser,  Jay  P.:  World  War  II  goggles. 
Summa  Corp.:  Hughes  H-l  Racer,  wood  chip  section  of  wing  structure,  and 

historical  pictures  of  H-l. 
Sweeting,  C.  G.:  World  War  II  insignia. 
Sweeting,  Thomas  G.:  Aviator's  badge. 
Swiss   Museum  of  Transport  &   Communication:   Swissair  Orion   and  Clark 

models. 
Tracy,  Daniel:  Packard  Verville,  Curtiss  R3C-1,  and  Howard  DGA  "Mr.  Mulli- 
gan" models. 
Trans  World  Airlines :  Northrop  Alpha. 
United  Technologies:  FT3  model,  xk  scale;  Pratt  &  Whitney  JT9D  Fanjet  and 

Pratt  &  Whitney  PT6T-6  Twin  Pac  engines. 
Universal   Studios:    Hindenburg   miscellany    from   movie,    including    gondola 

and  model. 
U.S.  Air  Force  Nurse  Corps:  USAAF  and  USAF  Nurses  Corps  uniforms. 
U.S.    Women's   Air   Force    (former  members    through   Mrs.   Joseph   Haydu) : 

WAF  memorabilia. 
Van  de  Wege,  J.  D. :  General  Electric  CJ805  Aft  Fanjet  engine. 
Wheeler,  Robert:  Junkers  Ju-88A  model. 
Wurlitzer:  Contemporary  jukebox. 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 
Donors  of  Financial  Support 


American  Ornithologists  Union 

Anonymous 

Appalachian  Power  Company 

Audubon  Naturalist  Society 


Mr.  Arthur  H.  Bissell,  Jr. 

Mrs.  Beulah  Boyd 

Ms.  Mabel  A.  Byrd 

Cables  Electricos  Ecuatorianos  C.A. 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  437 


Castle  &  Cooke,  Inc. 
Chevron  Chemical  Company 
CIBA-CEIGY  Corporation 
City  Investing  Company 
The  Edna  McConnell  Clark 

Foundation 
Continental  Bank  International 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kenneth  W.  Cooper 
Dr.  William  H.  Crocker 
Miss  Nina  J.  Cullinane 
Diamond  Shamrock  Corporation 
The  Dow  Chemical  Company 
Eastern  Air  Lines,  Inc. 
Mr.  William  L.  Eury 
Dr.  Richard  H.  Eyde 
Dr.  Herbert  Feinberg 
FMC  Foundation 
Mr.  Hamilton  C.  Forman 
Gem  and  Mineral  Society  of 

Syracuse,  Inc. 
Dr.  Lee  Gerhard 
Sumner  Gerard  Foundation 
Dr.  Gordon  D.  Gibson 
Mr.  Henry  L.  Greilsheim 
Frank  B.  Hall  and  Company 

Donors  to  the  National  Collections 

INDIVIDUALS 

Adelseck,  Dr.  Charles  G.,  Jr.  (321192). 
Allen,  Charles  A.  (320255). 
Allen,  Dr.  Robert  T.  (318290). 
Amli,  Reidar  (322448). 
Andrews,  Dr.  Fred  G.  (321239). 
Anthony,  Dr.  John  W.  (318593). 
Armstrong,  Mrs.  Pauline  (319630). 
Ash,  Dr.  Sidney  R.  (318787). 
Ashby,  Wallace  (320973). 
Ashworth,  Dr.  Allan  (317648,  318263). 
Bagnara,  J.  T.  (see  Frost,  J.  S.) 
Baker,  James  H.  (319149). 
Balciunas,  Joseph  (322886). 
Ball,  Dr.  George  E.  (317633). 
Bamford,  Maya  S.  (323163). 
Barber,  Lorna  (322923). 
Barbosa,  Carlos  (322147). 
Barclay,  Dr.  Harriet  G.  (321083). 
Barnard,    Dr.    J.    L.    (270357,    275759, 

311492)— see  Child,  C.  Allan. 
Barnett,  Dr.  Douglas  E.  (320174). 
Barnett,  Mrs.  Lisa  M.  (321929). 
Barrell,  Dr.  Joseph  (321076). 
Bartlett,  Rear-Adm.  Bradford 

(319655). 
Bartlett,  Melissa  (317544). 
Bastero,  Sr.  Juan  Jesus  (317315). 
Batista,  Halley  Freier  (320126). 


Dr.  Mason  Hale 

Mr.  Howard  W.  Hruschka 

Mrs.  Marguerite  H.  Kellogg 

The  M.  W.  Kellogg  Company 

Estate  of  Nada  Kramar 

Samuel  H.  Kress  Foundation 

Dr.  David  Lellinger 

Miss  Susan  H.  McDaniel 

National  Capital  Shell  Club 

National  Geographic  Society 

Prudential  Lines,  Inc. 

Dr.  Clayton  E.  Ray 

Mr.  J.  Ridley 

Dr.  R.  J.  G.  Savage 

Scientific  American 

The  Starr  Foundation 

Stauffer  Chemical  Company 

Lewis  and  Rosa  Strauss  Memorial 

Fund 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Hadley  Stuart 
Mary  Horner  Stuart  Foundation 
Dr.  William  Sturtevant 
The  Tinker  Foundation 
Mr.  John  J.  Trelawney 
Mr.  Robert  A.  Vines 


Baumann,    Dr.    Richard   W.    (317097, 

317385,  318346,  319436)— see  Flint, 

Dr.  Oliver  S.,  Jr. 
Baxter,  Rae  (321905). 
Bayer,  Dr.  Frederick  M.  (318137, 

318783,  321193, 321983). 
Bayliss,  R.  D.  A.  (318684). 
Beaulieu,  Col.  and  Mrs.  N.  H. 

(315982). 
Beazley,  Donald  W.  (318450). 
Behnke,  Russell  E.  (319619). 
Beland,  Dr.  Rene  (318200). 
Belton,  William  (323378). 
Bennetch,  Leonard  M.  (318832). 
Bennett,  Mrs.  Thelma  (321238). 
Bentley,  Ron  (320143). 
Berggren,  Dr.  William  A.  (318078). 
Bergwin,  Lark  (322919). 
Bernstein,  Lawrence  R.  (323239). 
Berry,  Dr.  Richard  Lee  (321245). 
Berry,  Dr.  S.  Stillman  (317279). 
Beshear,  Ramona  J.  (318261,  322892). 
Biffar,  Dr.  Thomas  A.  (321000). 
Blanchard,     Andre     (317634,    318239, 

319640,   320906,   322889,   323349). 
Blanchard,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andre 

(319433). 
Blow,  Warren  (322507). 


438  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Blume,  Richard  R.  (318260,  322885). 
Bolick,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Glenn  (318907). 
Bolli,  Dr.  Hans  M.  (321401). 
Bonar,  Henry  (323227). 
Boothe,  Dr.  Billy  B.,  Jr.  (317809). 
Boraker,  Dr.  David  K.  (317543). 
Bouchard,  Dr.  Raymond  W.  (316575). 
Boucot,  Dr.  A.  J.  (318218,  319511). 
Bourgeois,  Dr.  Feodor  (322843). 
Bouseman,  Dr.  John  K.  (319441). 
Boyce,  Richard  F.  (322220). 
Boyer,  Dr.  Paul  5.  (317055,  320892). 
Brach,  Vincent  (321945). 
Brayfield,  Mrs.  Leila  (320068). 
Brewer,  George  (319675,  322285). 
Brigida,  Arthur  A.  (319608). 
Britton,  James  (318207). 
Brock,  Dr.  Julie  Bailley  (320479). 
Brooks,  Dr.  S.  T.  (Deceased)  (134775). 
Brou,  Vernon  A.  (319438). 
Brown,  Betsy  (319259). 
Brown,  Dr.  H.  P.  (319648). 
Brown,  W.  Chris  (320344). 
Brownell,  A.  J.  (318462). 
Brubacher,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John 

(322930). 
Bruce,  Murray  (318478). 
Buck,  John  (322924). 
Budiman,  Dr.  Arie  (321578). 
Bueno  S.,  Sr.  Joaquin  (318105,  318191, 

320897). 
Buholzer,  Hubert  (319841). 
Burchick,  Mark  (322116). 
Buriro,  Shah  Nawaz  (321925). 
Busack,  Stephen  D.    (310166,  318377) 

— see  Crombie,  Ronald  I. 
Buskirk,  Mike  Van  (318465). 
Cabri,  Dr.  L.  J.  (321387). 
Calder,  Dale  R.  (317005). 
Campbell,  Jonathan  A.  (322942). 
Canning,  Mrs.  Harold  E.  (318451). 
Capriles,  Dr.  J.  Maldonado  (319139). 
Carayon,  Dr.  J.  (322883). 
Carlson,  Dave  (317641). 
Carlson,  Paul  H.  (317631). 
Carr,  John  (321221). 
Carr,  Mrs.  Kathleen  H.  (266111). 
Carter,  Mrs.  Winifred  T.  (320280). 
Cartwright,  Dr.  O.  L.  (323228). 
Carvalho,  Dr.  Jose  C.  M.  (319647). 
Carver,  Dan  (314461). 
Cebulla,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Albert 

(318899). 
Cecil,  Francis  D.  (283548). 
Chace,  E.  P.  (296607). 
Chalumeau,  F.  (317016). 


Chambers,  Frank  (322274). 
Chambers,  Mrs.  Shirley  (318076). 
Chantal,  Dr.  Claude  (319138). 
Chen,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  (323162). 
Chen,  Dr.  T.  T.  (318529). 
Child,  C.  Allan  (292580,  311492)— see 

Barnard,    J.    L.    and    Manning,    Dr. 

Raymond  B. 
Chin,  Peter  (318595,  318906). 
Choate,  Paul  M.  (318472). 
Christensen,  Carl  C  (320352). 
Clapp,  Emory  L.  (320142). 
Clark,  Prof.  K.  B.  (318138). 
Clark,  Hon.  Lewis  (322921). 
Clench,  Dr.  William  J.  (316919). 
Coetzee,  Dr.  Cornelius  (318212). 
Cohen,  Anne  (315021,  321588). 
Coil,  Clarence  (320220). 
Cole,  Dr.  W.  Storrs  (322844). 
Colin,  Dr.  Patrick  (321132). 
Collette,  Dr.  Bruce  (317101). 
Conkin,  Dr.  James  E.  (319605, 

319831). 
Conkle,  Bud  (320343). 
Cook,  Dr.  David  R.  (322887). 
Cook,  Dr.  Robert  B.  (321599,  321604). 
Cornell,  Dr.  &  Mrs.  J.  F.  (323361). 
Coscaron,  Dr.  S.  (317651). 
Cottrell,  Mrs.  Benjamin  (323164). 
Coulloudon,  Mme.  Monique  (319137). 
Covell,  Dr.  Charles  V.  (318463, 

322894). 
Crombie,  Ronald  I.    (310166,   320579) 

— see  Busack,  Stephen  D. 
Cross,  Jarrett  L.  (320178 ). 
Cunningham,  HMCS  Marvin  L. 

(316990). 
Cupp,  Mrs.  Donald  E.  (322922). 
Curry,  Dr.  Richard  P.  (318788). 
Dahl,  Dr.  Arthur  L.  (292580). 
Dahlman,  Louis-Jacques  (318322). 
Damaer,  Dr.  David  M.  (318114). 
Daniels,  Bruce  (317592). 
Darnell,  Dr.  Rezneat  M.  (296577). 
Davidson,    Dr.    J.    A.     (322888) — see 

Wood,  Dr.  F.  E. 
Davis,  Dr.  &  Mrs.  Donald  R.  (321927). 
Dawson,  Dr.  C.  E.  (292580). 
De  Marzo,  Sr.  Luigi  (318190). 
de  Meillon,  Dr.  Botha  (321930). 
Derstler,  Dr.  Kraig  (322938). 
Desfayes,  Michel  E.  (292915,  315884). 
de  Vasconcelos,  Dr.  Hortencia  L. 

(317630). 
Deyrup,  Mark  (321942). 
de  Zayas,  Dr.  Fernando  (319142). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  439 


Dhogbhidhuk,  Sanga  (199251). 
Dietz,  Robert,  IV  (319145). 
Dippenaar,  Nikko  (321838). 
Dix,  Dr.  Michael  W.  (320477). 
Dmitriev,  Dr.  Leonid  (318596). 
Dodrill,  Jon  (319116). 
Doherty,  Dr.  Peter  (318182). 
Dombrowski,  David  (318069). 
Donoho,    Rear-Adm.    &    Mrs.    Glynn 

(321373). 
Dorr,  Mrs.  John  (323202). 
Dougherty,  Gregory  (279468). 
Dove,  John  (322257). 
Downey,  Maureen  (318818). 
Drake,  Raleigh  (314723). 
Dube,  Ronald  N.  (320170). 
Dudley,  Mrs.  Martha  W.  (323165). 
Dunn,  Mrs.  Ethel  L.  (320145,  320521). 
Dunn,  Pete  J.  (316838,  318075,  320520, 

320912). 
Edmunds,  Dr.  George  F.,  Jr.  (317099, 

322246). 
Ekis,  Dr.  Ginter  (323364). 
Ekkens,  Dr.  David  (321943). 
Elbert,  Stephen  A.  (321936). 
Elder,  Robert  A.,  Jr.  (322223). 
Emerson,  Dr.  K.  C.  (320181,  321248). 
Emrich,  Dr.  Duncan  (323166). 
Emry,  Robert  J.  (317692,  322209). 
Enders,  Dr.  Robert  (323035). 
Erichsen,  M/Sgt.  Merrill  E.  (285360). 
Ernst,  Carl  H.  (318897,  319117, 

322306). 
Erseus,  Christer  (319658). 
Ervin,  Dr.  Frank  R.  (317605). 
Erwin,  Dr.  Terry  L.   (317643,  319152, 

319646,     323355)— see     Whitehead, 

Dr.  Donald. 
Esbenshade,  Stanley  (323235). 
Eskin,  Otho  Evans  (see  Eskin, 

Stanley). 
Eskin,  Stanley  (323171). 
Ethetton,  Lee  W.  (318118). 
Evans,  Clifford  (322913). 
Everard,  C.  O.  R.  (317530). 
Everdell,  Preston  (320916). 
Eyer,  Dr.  John  R.  (320183). 
Fable,  William  A.,  Jr.  (320067). 
Fair,  Mrs.  Ruth  (317280). 
Ferguson,  Dr.  Douglas  C.  (319639). 
Ferguson,  Meredith  M.  (323347). 
Ferreira,  Dr.  Antonio  J.  (317296). 
Figiel,  Dr.  &  Mrs.  Leo  S.   (322907)— 

see  Figiel,  Dr.  &  Mrs.  Steven  J. 
Figiel,    Dr.    &    Mrs.    Steven    J.    (see 

Figiel,  Dr.  &  Mrs.  Leo  S.). 


Finlay,  C.  John  (318237). 
Fishburne,  Mrs.  Charlotte  Lee 

(323174). 
Fisher,  George  W.  (320121). 
Fisk,  Dr.  Frank  W.  (318248). 
Fitzgerald,  Dr.  T.  D.  (319637). 
Fitzpatrick,  Dr.  J.  F.,  Jr.  (281928). 
Flannery,  Dr.  Kent  V.   (303029)— see 

Hole,  Frank. 
Fleming,  Dr.  Richard  C.  (318264). 
Flint,     Dr.     Oliver    S.,    Jr.     (317097, 

320180,    322893)— see    Flint,    Mrs. 

Oliver  S.,  Jr. 
Flint,  Mrs.  Oliver  S.,  Jr.  (321940). 
Flower,  Dr.  Rousseau  H.  (317409, 

319601,  321542,  322581). 
Fonger,  George  (317411,  320136). 
Ford,  Evert  J.  (319432). 
Foreman,  Dr.  Helen  P.  (316911). 
Fosburg,  Dr.  F.  R.  (223601) — see 

Sachet,  Dr.  Marie-Helene. 
Foster,  Dr.  R.  J.  (322074). 
Fox,  Rev.  Dr.  C.  E.  (Deceased) 

(260159). 
Francis,  Dr.  Carl  (317546) 
Franclemont,  Dr.  John  G.  (320175). 
Franklin,  Roland  A.  (317541). 
Frazier,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Si  (318081). 
Fredine,  C.  Gordon  (318479). 
Freeman,   The    Estate   of   Mrs.   Ethel 

Cutler  (319549). 
Frost,    J.    S.    (313515) — see    Bagnara, 

J.T. 
Frost,  Dr.  S.  W.  (320899). 
Frick,  Jane  (319597). 
Friedl,  W.  A.  (320588). 
Funderburg,  John  B.  (315931). 
Furlow,  Capt.  Bruce  M.  (319443). 
Gabelish,  A.  J.  (316578). 
Gaebelein,  Frank  E.  (322228). 
Gaedike,  Dr.  R.  (322241). 
Gaines,  Dr.   Richard  V.    (316673, 

316839,   317570,   319672,   321012, 

323230,  323232). 
Gallagher,  Susan  (317033). 
Gardinar,  Stephen  L.  (308023). 
Garske,  Dr.  David  H.  (321339). 
Gaston,  Gary  R.  (322421). 
Gatrelle,  Ronald  R.   (318464,  322253, 

323181). 
Gerhard,  Dr.  Lee  C.  (322543). 
Gerk,  Arthur  J.  (318140). 
Gibbs,  Mrs.  K.  Elizabeth  (322232). 
Gibson,  Dr.  Gordon  D.  (310220). 
Giletti,  Dr.  Bruno  J.  (315969). 
Giorgio,  Bertoldi  (318872). 


440  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Golini,  Dr.  V.  I.  (318246). 
Gombos,  Andrew  M.,  Jr.  (322541) 
Goodrum,  Dr.  John  W.  (316922). 
Gordon,  Linda  K.  (319228). 
Gould,  Dr.  Ed  (319547). 
Govoni,  David  (322937,  322939). 
Grant,  Dr.  Richard  E.  (322799,  323273) 

— see  Nestell,  Dr.  M. 
Greenwell,  Francis  M.  (319607, 

319608,  320319,  322445) — see 

Brigida,  Arthur  A. 
Gressitt,  Dr.  J.  Linsley  (317128). 
Grew,  Dr.  Edward  S.  (321916). 
Griffin,  Dr.  W.  L.  (318763). 
Griffith,  Mrs.  Eugene  (Deceased) 

(323169). 
Grubbs,  Andy  G.  (321553). 
Gruwell,  J.  A.  (323357). 
Gunn,  Michael  (322284). 
Gutschick,  Dr.  Raymond  C.  (318854). 
Gutstadt,  Prof.  Allan  M.  (318085). 
Haake,  Dr.  Friedrich-Wilhelm 

(320137). 
Habeck,  Dr.  Dale  H.  (320173,  321923). 
Hagerman,  George  (318110). 
Halley,  Dr.  Robert  B.  (317400). 
Hamilton,  Maj.   &  Mrs.  Raymond  E. 

(322224). 
Hammond,  Billy  A.  F.  (320975, 

322267). 
Hanahan,  Dr.  John,  Jr.  (320519). 
Handley,  Dr.  Charles  O.,  Jr.  (316890, 

316892,    316920,    319631,    320513). 
Hanscom,  Dr.  Roger  (319109). 
Hansen,  Gary  (318510). 
Hara,  Paul  (313243). 
Hardy,  Dr.  Alan  (319098,  323177). 
Harker,  Dr.  Roger  S.  (317558). 
Harmatuck,  P.  J.  (319472). 
Harris,  Dr.  Halbert  M.  (319143). 
Harrison,  Dr.  Linda  K.  (321402). 
Harrison,  Richard  V.,  Esq.  (316605). 
Hart,  C.  W.,  Jr.  (262460)— see  Hart, 

Dabney  G. 
Hart,  Dabney  G.  (see  Hart,  C.  W.,  Jr.). 
Hasinger,  David  J.  (311907,  321887)— 

see  Hettrick,  David  R. 
Hastriter,  Lt.  Michael  W.  (322882). 
Hatfield,  Jack  J.  (322926). 
Hatschbach,  Exmo.  Sr.  Dr.  Gert 

(318705,  319740). 
Hayami,  Dr.  Itaru  (318519). 
Hays,  Helen  (287206). 
Hazlett,  Dr.  Brian  A.  (317349). 
Heatwole,   Dr.   Harold   (322233)— see 

Muir,  Robert. 


Heck,  Cathern  A.  (322221). 
Hedges,  Frank  R.  (322234). 
Heinrich,  Dr.  E.  William  (321602). 
Heisterberg,  Jon  F.  (316866). 
Heltne,  Dr.  Paul  (323193). 
Henderson,  Dr.  Edward  P.  (248505)— 

see  Mason,  Brian  H. 
Henry,  Mark  C.  (322926)— see 

Hatfield,  Jack  J. 
Herring,  Dr.  Jon  L.  (319150). 
Hess-Distel,  Dr.  Hans  (318202). 
Hettrick,  David  R.  (321887). 
Hevel,  Gary  F.  (323362,  323368). 
Hickman,  Dr.  Carole  S.  (318203). 
Higgins,  Dr.  Robert  (321547). 
Hills,  Dr.  L.  V.(  321544). 
Hobbs,  Dr.  H.  H.,  Jr.  (266300,  272610, 

304719). 
Hof,  Mrs.  Gail  (322929). 
Hoff,  Donald  (318236). 
Hoffman,  Richard  L.  (318378,  322249). 
Hoge,  Legare  W.  (321589). 
Hole,  Frank  (303029). 
Holland,  C.  G.  (322915). 
Holm,  E.  (318269). 
Holsinger,  John  R.  (318789). 
Homan,  C.  D.  (322508). 
Hoover,  Peter  (316909). 
Hope,  Dr.  W.  Duane  (311425). 
Hough,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwin  A. 

(322932). 
Hovel,  Haim  (317425). 
Howe,  William  H.  (319435). 
Howell,  K.  M.  (320937). 
Hubricht,  Leslie  (315967). 
Hudson,  Maxwell  J.  (317416,  321338). 
Huff,  W.  T.,  Jr.  (322146). 
Hufford,  John  (315975). 
Hunter,  C.  J.  (319133). 
Hurd,  Dr.  Paul  D.,  Jr.  (323369). 
Hurlbut,  James  F.  (317566). 
Hutchinson,  Capt.  Howard  B. 

(323161). 
Her,  Ralph  K.  (317415). 
Ireland,  Mrs.  Irma  T.  (Deceased) 

(323175). 
Ito,  Dr.  Jun  (322199). 
Izecksohn,  Eugenio  (322002). 
Jackson,  James  F.,  Jr.  (322444). 
Jagodinski,  Helen  (323172). 
Jakob,  Dr.  Hans  (322429). 
Jameson,  Dr.  E.  William,  Jr.  (322110). 
Jewett,  Irene  (316101). 
Johansen,    Mr.    and    Mrs.    Walter    & 

Flora  (319620). 
Johnson,  Alex  R.  (322225). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  441 


Johnson,  Dr.  J.  G.  (318098,  322144). 

Johnson,  Paul  G.  (320971). 

Jones,  David  (319669). 

Jones,  Fred  (317067). 

Jones,  Gwilym  S.  (320646). 

Jones,  Jerome  (323180). 

Jones,  Dr.  Meredith  L.  (292580, 

317821, 322109). 
Jones,  Dr.  Robert  E.  (320901). 
Justice,  Dr.  William  S.  (318410). 
Kalra,  Dr.  N.  L.  (318254). 
Kasinathan,  Dr.  R.  (318295). 
Kasper,  Dr.  Andrew  E.  (318086). 
Kato,  Dr.  Akira  (316569). 
Keitel,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frederick 

(315972). 
Kendall,  Roy  O.  (319434). 
Kennedy,  Dr.  Helen  (315866). 
Kennel,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Philip  J. 

(321237). 
Kennett,  Dr.  J.  P.  (318097). 
Kerby,  Cathy  (293706). 
Key,  Charles  (319421,  319677). 
Kielbaso,  J.  W.  (322524). 
Kier,  Mrs.  Mary   (322819) — see  Kier, 

Dr.  Porter  M.  and  Zardini,  Rinaldo. 
Kier,  Dr.  Porter  M.  (322819)— see  Kier, 

Mrs.  Mary  and  Zardini,  Rinaldo. 
King,  Robert  Merrill  (321036,  321313). 
King,  Vandall  T.  (321603). 
Klemm,  Dr.  Donald  J.  (322563). 
Klima,  Prof.  Bohuslov  (322222). 
Knez,  Dr.  Eugene  I.  (322229). 
Knez,  Mrs.  Jiae  Choi  (322226). 
Knopf,  Kenneth  W.  (322569). 
Knowlton,    Dr.    George    F.     (322230, 

323365). 
Koening,  Maria  Luise  (306004). 
Koh,  Dr.  Han  Shil  (322906). 
Kohlmann,  Dr.  Bert  (318468). 
Kohn,  Dr.  Alan  J.  (321577). 
Kohn,  Mrs.  Marian  A.  (318253). 
Kolker,  Allan  (320116). 
Kontrovitz,  Dr.  Mervin  (318178). 
Kordish,  Richard  (322227). 
Kornicker,  Dr.  L.  5.  (318383). 
Kosnar,  Richard  A.  (317414,  318083). 
Kothavala,  Rustam  Z.  (319419). 
Krauss,  Dr.  N.  L.  H.  (318250,  318665, 

319144,  321386,  321935). 
Krefft,  Dr.  Gerhard  (308018). 
Krizman,  Richard  (320582). 
Krombein,  Dr.  Karl  V.  (317647, 

318242,  319430,  319645). 
Krombein,  Karlissa  B.  (318249). 
Krutak,  Dr.  Paul  R.  (317518). 


Kudenov,  Dr.  Jerry  D.  (321194). 
Kuzirian,  Alan  M.  (322097). 
Kwapiszewski,  Hon.  Michael  (322920). 
Kyte,  David  J.  (322206). 
Ladd,  Dr.  Harry  (317688). 
Lago,  Paul  (323179). 
Lamb,  Cathy  L.  (318088,  318454). 
Lampert,  Col.  Lester  L.,  Jr.  (320992). 
Lane,  Dr.  H.  Richard  (317056). 
Lane,  Robert  A.  (323366). 
Langford,  Patricia  S.  (320603). 
Larochelle,  Andre  (319136). 
Larsen,  Dr.  Arne  Rosenkrands 

(322975). 
Larson,    Ronald    J.    (300990,    301710, 

322564). 
Larson,  William  (319617). 
Lautenschlager,  Dr.  Lyle  (315222). 
Lawrence,  Prof.  Addison  L.  (321138). 
Le  Due,  James  W.  (323438). 
Lellinger,  Dr.  David  B.  (315791). 
Lewis,  Dr.  D.  J.  (322250). 
Lewis,  Dr.  Robert  E.  (317632,  318262, 

320184). 
Levi-Donati,  Dr.  G.  R.  (307402). 
Lieftinck,  Dr.  M.  A.  (319439). 
Lighty,  R.  (323150). 
Lilyestrom,  Dr.  Craig  (322512). 
Lindroth,  Dr.  Carl  H.  (319642). 
Liner,  Ernest  A.  (321954). 
Longley,  Dr.  Glenn  (318259). 
Loveridge,  Dr.  Arthur  (272611). 
Lowe,  Doris  (318294) — see  Todd, 

Ruth. 
Lutze,  Dr.  Gerhard  F.  (318786). 
Lynch,  Dr.  J.  F.  (317645). 
MacDougal,  John  M.  (317701). 
Maier,  Bruce  (317538,  318132,  319618). 
Maizels,  Dr.  Albert  D.  (320172). 
Makin,  David  (320938). 
Mallack,  Dr.  J.  (318245). 
Malone,  Mrs.  Elsie  (316871). 
Manders,     Edward     A.     and     Mark 

(318209). 
Mani,  Dr.  M.  S.  (319148). 
Manning,  Dr.  Raymond  B.  (292580). 
Marble,  William  (317539). 
Marchbanks,  Dr.  D.  L.  (321403). 
Marckoon,  Peter  (322201). 
Marcus,  Dr.  Eveline  (317006,  319242). 
Marincovich,      Dr.      Louie      (318895, 

320069). 
Marinkelle,  Dr.  C.  J.  (322149). 
Marrow,  Maxwell  P.  (317007). 
Martin,  Norman  T.  (322149). 


442  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mason,  Dr.  Brian  H.  (248505,  312132, 

318268,  323238). 
Mason,  Dr.  Wilton  (320125). 
Mather,  Bryant  (321937). 
Mathis,  Wayne  N.  (318244,  320910). 
Matioli,  Dr.  Jose  Claret  (321241). 
Matsui,  Masafumi  (318439). 
Matta,  Dr.  James  (320905). 
Matternes,  Jay  (320351). 
Mattioli,  Dr.  Vittorio  (321126). 
McAlpine,  Wilbur  S.  (318256). 
McCormick,   Dr.   George   R.    (320980, 

320114). 
McCullough,  Martha  M.  (321551). 
McDonald,  H.  L.  (320221). 
McElravy,  Eric  P.  (320900). 
McGuinness,  Albert  L.  (317567, 

321596). 
Mcintosh,  Dr.  Bruce  M.  (321240). 
Mclver,  Dr.  J.  R.  (321172). 
McNeary,  Annie  B.  (316961). 
Medler,  Dr.  J.  T.  (321928). 
Melancon,  Earl,  Jr.  (322202). 
Melloy,  George  E.  (321170). 
Melson,     Dr.     William     G.     (320217, 

320523). 
Mendelson,  Johanna  (322912). 
Medem,  Prof.  Federico  (318861). 
Mendryk,  Harold  (320972). 
Merisuo,  Dr.  A.  K.  (317386). 
Mesmer,  Theodore  C.  (323173). 
Messersmith,  Dr.  D.  H.  (323358). 
Metzler,  Eric  H.  (318265,  319638). 
Middleton,  Arthur  L.,  Jr.  (316023). 
Mills,  Margaret  A.  (298681). 
Minette,  James  (320129). 
Mitchell,  Dr.  Steve  (318141). 
Miyagi,  Dr.  Ichiro  (321932). 
Mochi,  Dr.  A.  (319431). 
Moldenke,    Dr.    Harold    N.    (316739, 

317244,  317780,  318670, 321031). 
Moore,  Gary  (318071). 
Moore,  Mrs.  George  M.  (279618). 
Moore,  Dr.  Ian  (323356). 
Moore,  Dr.  Thomas  E.  (317376). 
Moree,  Montague  (316101). 
Moreland,  Pamela  S.  (317756). 
Morley,  Ted  (320118). 
Morrison,  Robert  (320112). 
Morse,     Mrs.     Emilie     (318451) — see 

Canning,  Mrs.  Harold  E. 
Morse,  M.  Patricia  (319108). 
Mortensen,  Kim  (322156). 
Moyer,  Raymond  T.,  Esq.  (322914). 
Muir,  Dr.  Robert  (322233). 
Murphy,  Jack  (320128). 


Myers,  Mrs.  B.  J.  (322908). 

Myers,  Ruth  (318216). 

Napier,  Mrs.  T.  D.  (322928). 

Natland,  Dr.  M.  L.  (322017). 

Nebot  S.,  Jose  E.  (319240). 

Neill,  Mrs.  L.  D.  (315890). 

Nelson,  A.  (321382). 

Nestell,  Dr.  M.  (322799). 

Neves,  Richard  (322235). 

Nielsen,  Claus  (321211). 

Nishikawa,  Allen  K.  (322905). 

Ober,  Lewis  D.  (316099). 

O'Donoghue,  Michael  (320884). 

Ohira,  Dr.  Hitoo  (320904,  321249). 

Olson,  Dr.  Storrs  L.  (305692,  318271, 

318477,  319424). 
Opler,  Dr.  Paul  A.  (322254). 
Orsak,  Larry  J.  (318474). 
Oshida,  Philip  S.  (320110). 
Overstreet,  Robin  M.  (293129). 
Oyler,  Edward  H.  (319114). 
Pacheco,  Dr.  Francisco  (318475). 
Palmer,  Dr.  Harris  (322909). 
Panczner,  William  (321600). 
Papezik,  Dr.  V.  S.  (321592). 
Parker,  Frances  L.  (321130). 
Parnau,  John  L.  (321341). 
Passaglia,  Dr.  E.  (318206,  321598). 
Patch,  W.  P.  (315970). 
Patterson,  Mrs.  Jefferson  (323170). 
Patterson,  Robert  M.  (322240). 
Paulet,  Dr.  Jaime  Gallemi  (322168). 
Pawson,  Dr.  David  L.  (312755). 
Pechuman,  Dr.  L.  L.  (317654). 
Peck,  Dr.  Stewart  (319132). 
Pedersen,  R.  E.  (320271). 
Pemberton,  H.  Earl  (321344). 
Perrault,  Dr.  Guy  (317571). 
Perrygo,  C.  L.  (322910). 
Peters,  Dr.  William  L.  (321242). 
Phelan,  Thomas  F.  (322509). 
Pickford,  Dr.  Frace  E.  (318512). 
Pinch,    William   W.    (316818,   317066, 

317540,  320117,  320120,  323237). 
Pine,  Ronald  H.  (302253)— see 

Wilson,  Donald  E. 
Pinger,  Dr.  Robert  R.,  Jr.  (319440). 
Pletsch,  Dr.  Donald  J.  (316986, 

323352). 
Plomley,  John  M.  (322244). 
Plusquellec,  Dr.  Y.  (319600). 
Plyler,  John  A.,  Jr.  (319520). 
Pochek,  Stephen  (323229). 
Pollack,  Joseph  (323226). 
Powell,  Dr.  C.  B.  (318856). 
Proud,  Amanda  (317348). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  443 


Purdy,  R.  W.  (316025). 

Pyburn,  William  F.    (318068,  319195, 

321218). 
Rahn,  Russell  A.  (320182). 
Raincourt,  Carla  (318072). 
Rainey,  Dr.  William  E.  (318808). 
Raymond,  James  A.  (315561). 
Ray,  D.  Carleton  (271533). 
Ray,  Dr.  Clayton  E.  (316921). 
Raysinger,  CW4  Paul  L.,  A.U.S.  Ret. 

321034,  322245). 
Read,  Dr.  Robert  W.  (317233). 
Render,  Dr.  Harald  A.  (313647). 
Reinert,  Dr.  John  F.  (319126). 
Relyea,  Dr.  Kenneth  (318634). 
Remm,  Dr.  H.  (321243). 
Rentz,  Dr.  David  C.  (317653,  319141). 
Reynolds,  Margaret  (318532). 
Rice,  Dr.  Mary  E.  (276005,  306226). 
Richards,  Dr.  R.  Peter  (320570). 
Ridinger,  Jay  G.  (317565). 
Rigby,  Dr.  J.  Keith  (321008). 
Ripley,  Mrs.  5.  Dillon  (316139, 

321034,  322245). 
Ripley,  S.  Dillon  (318480). 
Rivinus,  Edward  F.  (322256). 
Roback,  Dr.  Selwyn  S.  (320909). 
Roberts,  Dr.  Willard  L.  (322176). 
Robinson,  Dr.  Harold  (318243). 
Rodda,  Dr.  Peter  (318520). 
Rodgers,  B.  (320115). 
Roe,  Dr.  Arthur  (315956,  317413). 
Roessler,  Martin  A.  (316566). 
Ronderos,  Dr.  R.  A.  (322239). 
Roper,  Dr.  Clyde  F.  E.  (281255, 

320261). 
Rose,  Dr.  Robert  K.  (321837). 
Rosenberg,  Ronald  (319146). 
Rosenzweig,  Dr.  Abraham  (318082). 
Rosewater,  Dr.  Joseph  (292580, 

316101) — see  Jewett,  Irene;  Smith, 

Wendy;  Moree,  Montague. 
Rouse,  Dr.  E.  P.  (322242). 
Rucker,  Dr.  J.  B.  (318437). 
Ruetzler,  Klaus  (318379). 
Ruffino,  Sally  M.  (322918). 
Ruibal,  Rodolfo  (318862). 
Ruiz,  Olivia  (321319). 
Russo,  Ronald  A.  (305795). 
Sabrosky,     Dr.     Curtis     W.     (320117, 

322890. 
Sachet,  Dr.  Marie-Helene  {see 

Fosburg,  Dr.  F.  R.). 
Sage,  Walter  E.,  Ill,  (319521). 
Sahama,  Dr.  Th.  G.  (318908). 
Sainfeld,  Dr.  P.  (318042). 


Sakae,  Dr.  Toshiro  (318531). 
Sato,  Dr.  Masataka  (320903). 
Saul,  John  (321601,  323233). 
Schaffner,     Dr.     Joseph    C.     (319636, 

322891). 
Schreyer,  Prof.  W.  (321593). 
Schuh,  Dr.  R.  T.  (320898). 
Schwethelm,   Dr.    Godehard    (320130, 

321169,  321375). 
Scott,  Dr.  David  B.  (319830). 
Scott,  Norman  J.,  Jr.,  (322003). 
Scribner,  Walter  (316913). 
Seeno,  Terry  (317646). 
Segun,  Dr.  A.  O.  (318214). 
Sever,  David  M.  (318438). 
Seymour,  Frank  C.  (319332). 
Shelton,  William  (314314). 
Shimek,  Steven  J.  (313243) — see  Hara, 

Paul). 
Shmakin,  Dr.  B.  M.  (315971). 
Shulman,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Will  (318602). 
Siddons,  Derek  C.  (320535). 
Sihvonen,  John  (315776). 
Silsby,  Scott  (319673). 
Simkin,  Dr.  Thomas  E.  (307669). 
Simmons,  Ed  (318761). 
Simmons,  Melva  (323375). 
Simons,  Anna  (319606). 
Sinkankas,  John  (322207). 
Skoglund,  Mrs.  Carol  (305349). 
Slater,  Dr.  James  A.  (319147,  321944). 
Slifer,  Dr.  Eleanor  H.  (323351). 
Smith,  Dr.  Gordon  L.  (319806). 
Smith,  Wendy  (316101). 
Smith-Evernden,  Dr.  Roberta  K. 

(323277). 
Socolof,  Ross  (321001). 
Sohn,  Dr.  I.  Gregory  (317091). 
Sorauf,  Dr.  James  E.  (316176). 
Souza   Lopes,  Dr.   Oscar  de   (323190, 

323191). 
Spangler,  Dr.  Paul  J.  (284201,  318213, 

322884,  323354). 
Spencer,  Dr.  K.  A.  (319644). 
Springer,     Dr.     Victor     G.     (284009, 

308017). 
Squires,  Dr.  Hubert  J.  (316836). 
Srinivasan,  Dr.  M.   S.    (318097) — see 

Kennett,  Dr.  J.  P. 
Statzner,  Bernhard  (319643). 
Stemler,    Kathleen    S.    (322564) — see 

Larson,  R. 
Sterling,  Gerhard  (321029). 
Stevens,  Dr.  Calvin  H.  (318911). 
Steyskal,  George  C.  (317649). 
Stinchcomb,  Dr.  Bruce  L.  (316152). 


444  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Stockwell,  Dr.  Henry  (318473). 
Stokes,  Dr.  Darrell  R.  (321250). 
Stone,  Dr.  M.  W.  (323182). 
Stormer,  Dr.  J.  C.  (317547). 
Strong,  A.  M.  (Deceased)  (89777). 
Stuart,    Mr.    and    Mrs.    Hadley,    Jr. 

(320218). 
Surdick,  Rebecca  (318266). 
Sutty,  Lesley  (315547). 
Sventek,  Sgt.  Paul  L.  (319197). 
Swanson,  Vernon  L.  (315973,  319113, 

321404). 
Swanson,  William  (319671). 
Sweet,  Samuel  (321584). 
Tambuyser,  Paul  (320119). 
Taylor,  Dr.  Graham  F.  (321011). 
Tenery,  Mrs.  J.  H.  (322798). 
Terashima,  Yasuo  (322576). 
Tescione,  Pete  (317569). 
Thomas,  Luther  (321374). 
Thomel,  Dr.  Gavard  (319165). 
Thompson,  Dr.  F.  C.  (320179). 
Thompson,  Dr.  Fred  G.  (322818). 
Thompson,  Lee  (316571). 
Thompson,  Dr.  Patrick  H.  (318241). 
Thompson,     Mr.     and     Mrs.     Wayne 

(320144). 
Thomssen,  Richard  W.  (321168, 

322198). 
Thorington,  Dr.  Richard  W.,  Jr., 

(323382). 
Thornton,  Jocelyn  (322150). 
Tien,  Dr.  Pei-Lin  (316923). 
Tilley,  Stephen  G.  (315737). 
Tirmizi,  Dr.  N.  (317818). 
Tkac,  Martin  A.,  Jr.,  (318258). 
Todd,  Ruth  (318294,  322581). 
Tonnsen,  John  J.  (317517). 
Triplehorn,  Dr.  Charles  A.  (319442). 
Truedsson,  Ake,  (316234,  322431). 
Tseng,  Wen- Young  (306839). 
Turnbow,  Dr.  Robert  H.,  Jr.,  (318067, 

322231). 
Tyson,  Dr.  Edwin  L.  (322304). 
Ubelaker,  Dr.  Douglas  (318238). 
Ulatoski,  Brig.  Gen.  Joseph  R. 

(322916). 
Upatham,  Dr.  Edward  S.  (317640). 
Vagvolgyi,  Dr.  Joseph  (323041). 
Valentine,    Dr.    &   Mrs.    Lawrence   E. 

(321209). 
van  Aartsen,  Dr.  John  J.  (320640). 
van  Bree,  P.  J.  H.  (316891). 
van    der    Velde,    Mrs.    Myrtle    Ware 

(316019). 
van  Goethem,  Dr.  Jackie  (321332). 


van  Schoonhoven,  Dr.  Aart  (321931). 
Velasquez,  Dr.  Carmen  C.  (277735). 
Velick,  Gerson  J.  (315834). 
Vickers,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  C.  (321907). 
Vincent,  David  (322255). 
Vincent,  Mrs.  Sandy  (321941). 
Visser,  John  (303426). 
Vitaliano,  Dr.  Charles  (322145). 
Voigt,  Dr.  E.  (320642). 
Waldun,  SFC  Einar  S.,  Jr.,  (320581). 
Wall,  William  J.,  Jr.,  (286829). 
Wallace,  Dr.  George  (318066). 
Waller,  Dr.  Richard  (316833). 
Waller,  Dr.  Thomas  R.  (317531). 
Ward,  Ronald  A.  (321815). 
Watson,  Dr.  George  E.  (321253). 
Watt,  Dr.  J.  Charles  (318257,  319135). 
Weber,  Jay  A.  (Deceased)  (211425). 
Weir,  Thomas  R.,  II,  (322925). 
Welbourn,  W.  Calvin  (318255). 
West,  William  R.  (318760). 
Westfall,  Douglas  (322305). 
Wetmore,  Dr.  Alexander  (311206). 
Wheless,  Pam  (322801). 
White,  Mrs.  Alan  P.  (320140). 
White,  Dr.  D.  S.  (319648)— see  Brown, 

Dr.  H.  P. 
White,  Donald  C.  (319227). 
White,  James  J.  (323043). 
White,  John  S.,  Jr.,   (319621,  322286, 

323241). 
Whitehead,  Dr.  Donald  (see  Erwin, 

Dr.  Terry  L.). 
Whitmore,  Dr.  F.  C.  (317804). 
Whitmore,  Tom  (321208). 
Wielgus,  Ronald  S.    (318466,  319634, 

319635,   320176,   321922,  321938, 

322237,     322247,     323178,     323184, 

323350,  323360). 
Wight,  Quintin  (318070,  321343). 
Wiik,  Dr.  H.  B.  (323374). 
Wilkins,  Hon.  Fraser  (322927). 
Williams,  Dave  (314461) — see  Carver, 

Dan. 
Williams,  Holly  (317652). 
Williams,  Jesse  M.  (323168). 
Williams,  Dr.  Sidney  (320122). 
Wilson,  Charles  S.  (319629). 
Wilson,  Donald  E.  (302253). 
Wilson,  Mrs.  Martha  S.  (283876). 
Wilson,  Wendell  E.  (311537). 
Wimmer,  Howard  R.  (318461). 
Wing,  Dr.  Bruce  L.  (318455). 
Wingert,  Gene  (322272). 
Winters,  Mrs.  Mary  (322275). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  445 


Wise,  Dr.  William  S.  (321347).  Yochelson,  Dr.  Ellis  L.  (316602, 

Womble,  Edgar  A.  (319550).  323203,  323206). 

Wood,  Dr.  F.  E.  (322888).  Yount,    Victor    C.     (317677,    318080, 

Wood,  R.  V.  (322504).  318204,  320219,  323234). 

Wright,  Mrs.  E.  P.  (321865).  Zardini,  Rinaldo  (322819). 

Wyatt,  Donald  (318177).  Zumwalt,  G.  5.  (306849). 

Yamaguchi,  Dr.  Masaski  (317820).  Zusi,  Richard  L.  (321951). 

Yedlin,  Neal  (318594,  319615,  321013). 

Donors  to  the  National  Collections 

INSTITUTIONAL 

Aarhus  Universitet,  Denmark:  (317254). 

Academy   of   Sciences    of   the   USSR:    (313451);    Herbarium    (316794);    P.    P. 

Shirshov   Institute   of  Oceanology    (320311);   Boological   Institute:    (322238, 

323183);  Botanical  Institute:  (322382). 
Academy  of  Sciences,  Philadelphia,  Pa.:  (312507,  318469,  321006). 
Academy    of   Sciences,    San   Francisco,    California:    (314736,    316912,    318193, 

320552,  323198). 
Agriculture,  U.   S.  Dept.  of:   Agricultural   Research   Service    (280109,   300648, 

315958,  318476,  323370,  323317);  Plant  Protection  &  Quarantine   (319437); 

Biological  Control  of  Weeds  Research  Laboratory  (319140);  Forest  Service 

(318641,    319364);     Systematic    Entomology    Laboratory     (317629,    317636, 

317637,  317644,  321244,  321926,  323367). 
Alabama  Museum  of  Natural  History:  (311552). 
Alaska,  University  of:  (281062,  321251). 
Alberta,  University  of,  Canada:  (316741,  318192). 
Allyn  Museum  of  Entomology,  Florida:  (322236). 
American  Meteorite  Laboratory,  Colorado:  (320913). 
Amoco  Production  Company:  (317118). 
Amsterdam,  Universiteit,  The  Netherlands:   (295732,  318055,  322977,  322978, 

323027). 
"Adrena,"  The  Netherlands:  (317650). 
Annamalai  University:  (319860). 
Appalachian  Learning  Center:  (321814). 
Appalachian  State  University:  (319166). 
Arizona,  University  of:  (285176,  319319,  319555). 
Arkansas  State  University :  (317604). 
Arkansas,  University  of:  (314979). 
Auburn  University:  (318493,  320498,  322871). 
Australia,    Government    of:    Australian    Museum    (316918,    319428,    322442); 

Department    of    Mines    (320146,    317439);    Bureau    of    Mineral    Resources 

318208);  Royal  Botanic  Gardens   (316764,  317790,  319731,  321444,  322361). 
Baylor,  University  of:  (310088). 

Berlin,  Universitat  Zu,  East  Germany:  Zoolog.  Museum  (295963). 
Bermuda   Biological   Station   for   Research:    (294889,  311208,   312881,   315723, 

318323). 
Bernice  P.  Bishop  Museum,  Hawaii:  (321052). 
Birbal  Sahni  Institute  of  Paleobotany,  India:  (316766). 

Boston  University,  Marine  Biological  Laboratory:  (320978,  321313,  322118). 
Botanische  Staatssammlung,  Germany:  (319774). 
Boyce  Thompson  Institute  for  Plant  Research,  Inc.:  (319275). 
Brigham  Young  University:  (319372). 
British  Antarctic  Survey,  England:  (317497,  319822). 
British  Columbia  Provincial  Museum:  (317498,  320600). 


446  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


British  Museum  of  Natural  History:  (286458,  309968,  315771,  315889,  316134, 
317763,  318189,  318319,  318467,  320929,  321258,  322976). 

Brookhaven  National  Laboratory:  (319455). 

Bryn  Mawr  College:  (321348). 

Bundesanstalt  fur  Materialprufung,  Germany:  (315959). 

Busch  Gardens:  (318535). 

California,  State  of:  Department  of  Fish  &  Game  (303753);  Department  of 
Health  (320911). 

California,  University  of:  (286857,  289297,  312454,  314780,  315813,  316199, 
314448,  317642,  318073,  318381,  318533,  318613,  319848,  320636,  321485, 
322273,  323186);  Allan  Hancock  Foundation  (321546);  Scripps  Institution  of 
Oceanography  (279428,  303280,  317824,  319280,  319463,  321576,  322117). 

Campbellsville  College,  Kentucky:  (321140). 

Canada,  Department  of  Agriculture:  (316803,  322452). 

Canadian  Geological  Survey:  (316962). 

Canterbury  Museum,  New  Zealand:  (290235). 

Canterbury,  University  of:  (318750). 

Cape  Town,  University  of:  (314828,  317282,  318163). 

Carlton  University,  Canada:  (316130). 

Carnegie  Museum  of  Natural  History:  (318748). 

Centre  Oceanologique  de  Bretagne,  France:  (319593). 

Centro  de  Investigaciones  Marine,  Venezuela:  (313491). 

Centro  Investigaciones  Pesqueras,  Venezuela:  (306802). 

Chicago  Natural  History  Museum:  (318471). 

China,  Peoples'  Republic  of:  Institute  of  Vertebrate  Paleontology  and  Paleo- 
anthropology (323176). 

Cid.  Universitaria,  Ilho  do  Fundao:  (315861). 

Cincinnati,  University  of:  (317489,  322982). 

Claire  D'Ecologie  Animale  et  de  Zoologie  Agricole:  (317635). 

Clark  University:  (302737). 

Coastal  Zone  Resources  Corporation:  (317370). 

College  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina:  (317593). 

Colorado  Gem  &  Mineral  Company:  (319659). 

Colorado,  University  of:  (317679). 

Commerce,  U.  S.  Department  of:  National  Oceanic  and  Atmospheric  Admin- 
istration (293040,  302481,  316960,  318859,  319261,  320171,  323142.  317120, 
321552,  319046,  319492,  319627,  320254);  National  Ocean  Survey  (319049); 
National  Marine  Fisheries  Service  (310121,  314432,  322941);  Systematic 
Ichthyology  Laboratory  (320645,  310793). 

Commonwealth  Institute  of  Biological  Control,  India:  (318251). 

Commonwealth  Scientific  &  Industrial  Research  Organization:  (316993,  321605). 

Companhia  de  Desenvolvimento  do  Estado  de  Mato  Grosso  (CODEMAT) : 
Brazil  (318817). 

Copenhagen,  University  of:  Botanical  Museum  (319371,  321430); Mineralogical 
Museum  (322287). 

Cornell  University:  (303424,  316132);  L.  H.  Bailey  Hortorium  (317713,  320388). 

Crystal  Mining  Company:  (317568). 

Dayton  Museum  of  Natural  History:  (322077). 

Defense,  U.  S.  Department  of:  Department  of  the  Army  (320914,  321586); 
Department  of  the  Navy  (290071,  296966,  302219,  319656,  321252). 

Delaware,  University  of:  College  of  Marine  Studies  (304720,  316874,  319281, 
320986,  322565). 

Delia  Universita  di  Perugia,  Italy:  (315825). 

Department  of  Agriculture  &  Fisheries  for  Scotland:  (323359). 

Department  de  Botanica  y  Ecologia,  Argentina:  (319694). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  447 


Desert  Botanical  Garden  in  Papago  Park,  Arizona:  (319701). 

Drew  University:  (287223). 

Duke  University,  North  Carolina:  (316749,  316752,  317704,  317733). 

Eckerd  College:  (306443). 

Entomology  Research  Institute,  Canada:  (319134). 

Environmental  Protection  Agency,  U.S.:  (319626,  320475). 

Escuela  Nacional  de  Agricultura,  Rama  de  Botanica:  (320436). 

Esso  Production  Research/European:  (318534). 

Estacion  de  Biologia  Pesquera,  Mexico:  (279425). 

Exxon  Production  Research  Company:  (317442). 

Faculdade  de   Ciencias   Medicas   e  Biologicas   de  Botacatu:    (317739,   318667, 

318695). 
Fairchild  Tropical  Garden:  (314975,  319750,  321074). 
Field  Museum  of  Natural  History:   (312677,  322380,  322367,  317221,  320315, 

315772,  316733,  319429,  317718,  319728, 319779,  321057). 
Fisheries  Research  &  Development  Project,  Venezuela:  (282828,  312104). 
Fisheries  Development  Project,  U.N.  Development  Programs:  (305422). 
Florida,  State  of,  Agriculture:  (317638). 
Florida  Board  of  Conservation:  (285653). 
Florida  International  University:  (322586,  323194). 
Florida,  State  of,  Game  and  Fresh  Water  Fish  Commission:  (268866). 
Florida,    University    of:    (315818,    317011,    317738,    318637);    State    Museum 

(311696). 
Florida  State  University:  (323010). 
Forschungsinstitut     Senchenberg,     Natur-Museum     Senckenberg,     Germany: 

(316182,  320619). 
Fundacion  La  Salle  De  Ciencias  Naturales,  Venezuela:  (319496). 
Fundacion  Miguel  Lillo,  Argentina:  (321427). 
Georgia  University:  (293131,  317122,  317639). 
Georgetown  University:  (311722). 
Gettysburg,  College:  (318855). 

Gorgas  Memorial  Laboratory,  Canal  Zone:  (319427). 
Goteborgs  Universitet,  Sweden:  (319353,  321046). 
Guam  University,  Guam:  (317784,  318432). 
Gulf   Coast   Research   Laboratory:    (317012,   317013,   292964,   311521,   284436, 

317008);  Museum  (308115,  308522,  315292,  315724,  320649). 
Hamburg  Universitat,  Zoologisches  Museum,  Germany:  (297989). 
Hansen  Minerals,  Inc.:  (316924). 
Harvard  University:  Botanical  Museum  (315820,  318725,  317226);  Geological 

Museum  (317590,  319112);  Gray  Herbarium  (317187);  Museum  of  Compara- 
tive   Zoology    (314447,    315542,    317493,    318399,    318831,    319691,    323274). 
Hattori  Botanical  Laboratory,  Japan:  (321462). 
Hawaii  University:  (323185);  Aquarium  Laboratory  (395834);  Harold  L.  Lyon 

Aboretum  (315784,  318215,  320638,  320643). 
Health,  Education  and  Welfare:  (312621,  318517). 
Herbario  "Barbosa  Rodrigues,"  Brazil:  (315829,  320466). 
Herbario,  Coordenadoria  de  Dfesa  dos  Recursos  Naturais  Renovaveis,  Brazil: 

(319706). 
Herbario    de    la    Facultad   National    de    Agronomia    de   Medellin,    Colombia: 

(318708). 
Herbarium  Ellenberg,  Germany:  (319338,  319710). 
Herbarium  Bradeanum,  Brazil:  (316757). 
Hong  Kong  University:  (315659,  317194,317765). 
Hope  College:  (319752,  321503). 
Houston  University:  (318858). 
Hungarian  Natural  History  Museum,  Hungary:  (321974). 


448  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Ibadan  University  of,  Nigeria:  (321858). 

Ichthyological  Associates:  (312208). 

Idaho,  State  of:  Department  of  Health  and  Welfare  (319106). 

Ife,  University  of:  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Nigeria  (317536). 

Illinois  Natural  History  Survey:  (319151,  322035). 

Illinois,  University  of:  (322248). 

India,  Government  of:  Botanical  Survey  of  India  (321494). 

Indian  Ocean  Biological  Centre,  India  (284068,  285652). 

Indonesia  Geological  Survey:  (317548). 

Institut  fur  Allgemeine  Botanik  una  Botanischer  Garten,  West  Germany: 
(319386,  319414). 

Institut  fur  Seefischerei,  Germany:  (323152). 

Institut  fur  Meeresforschung  Bremerhaven,  West  Germany:  (317443). 

Institut  Royal  des  Sciences  Naturelles,  Belgium:  (278514). 

Institute  of  Biology  &  Pedology,  USSR:  (319847). 

Institute  for  Systematic  Botany,  The  Netherlands:  (319379,  320420,  315778). 

Institut  fur  Systematische  Botanik  der  Universitat,  Germany :  (320460). 

Instituto  de  Biologia  Marina,  Argentina:  (297004,  320637). 

Instituto  de  Botanica,  Brazil:  (316742,  317256). 

Instituto  Botanico,  Venezuela:  (318638,  314255,  316788,  317242,  318728,  319321, 
319788,  321478,  321483). 

Instituto  de  Conservacao  da  Natureza,  Brazil:  (321443). 

Instituto  de  Defesa  do  Patrimonio  Natural,  Brazil:  (315797). 

Instituto  de  la  Patagonia,  Chile:  (319633);  Fundacion  Magallanes  (319064). 

Instituto  de  Pesquisas  da  Marinha,  Brazil:  (315546). 

Instituto  de  Pesquisa  e  Experimentacao  Agropecuaria  do  Norte,  Brazil:  (314958). 

Instituto  de  Zoologia,  Universidad  Austral  de  Chile,  Chile:   (312433,  318913). 

Instituto  Evandro  Chagas,  Brazil:  (321286,  323207). 

Instituto  Nacional  de  Pesquisas  da  Amazonia,  Brazil:  (321480,  321372). 

Instituto  Patagonico  de  Ciencias  Naturales,  Argentina:  (318247). 

Inter  American  University  of  Puerto  Rico,  Puerto  Rico:  (314029). 

International  Exhibitions  Foundation:  (318482). 

Interior,  U.S.  Department  of  the:  U.S.  Geological  Survey  (276990,  303332, 
316607,  319616,  316910,  317150,  317092,  317119,  317151,  317689,  321009, 
321299,  322547,  317302,  322075,  322093,  317332,  317691,  317410,  319819, 
321984,  322940,  323199,  317537,  318523,  318077,  318528,  318912,  319110, 
319557,  319808,  320577,  320651,  321131,  322510,  321597,  322506,  322014, 
322148,  320518);  Fish  and  Wildlife  Service  (280713,  280328,  319425,  323377, 
323379,  322120,  322985);  National  Park  Service  (319426);  U.S.  Trust  Terri- 
tories of  the  Pacific  Islands  (319632,  322931). 

Iowa,  State  University  of:  (314448). 

Iowa  State  University  Herbarium:  (315799,  317220,  318664,  320437,  320439). 

Island  Resources  Foundation,  Inc.:  (311234,  318112,  319119). 

J.  L.  B.  Smith  Institute  of  Ichthyology,  Rhodes  University:  (305709). 

James  Ford  Bell  Museum  of  Natural  History,  University  of  Minnesota: 
(319153). 

Jardim  Botanico  do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil:  (319417,  320465). 

Joint  Institute  for  Nuclear  Research,  USSR:  (302748). 

Karnatak  University  Marine  Station,  India:  (320076). 

Kent  State  University:  (319494). 

Kobe  University,  Japan:  (322960). 

Kristalle:  (316905). 

Laboratorio  di  Technologia  della  Pesca,  Italy:  (314402). 

Laboratorium  voor  Plantensystematiek  En-Geografie,  The  Netherlands: 
(316723). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  449 


Lae,  Papua  and  New  Guinea,  Government  of,  Department  of  Forests :  (316726, 

317253,  319703). 
Laguna,  Universidad  De  La,  Canary  Islands:  (322852). 
Lamar  University:  (320138). 
Lawler,  Matusky  &  Skelly  Engineers:  (322983). 
Leeds,  The  University  of,  England:  (318902). 
Leicester,  University  of,  England:  (321078). 
Lerner  Marine  Laboratory  of  AMNH,  Bahamas:  (303967). 
Liverpool,  The  University  of,  United  Kingdom:  (317281). 
Lockheed  Ocean  Laboratory:  (304531,  317535). 
Longwood  Gardens:  (317271,  320415). 

Los  Angeles  County  Museum  of  Natural  History:  (317430,  318457,  322416). 
Louisiana  State  University  and  Agricultural  &  Mechanical  College:  (306122). 
Ludlow,  Smith  and  Kahn:  (317417). 

Lund  University,  Sweden:  (319072);  The  Botanical  Museum  (319723). 
Lyko  Mineral  &  Gem,  Inc.:   (316021,  317559,  318527,  318903,  319069,  319422, 

320127,  320257,  320522,  321906,  322200,  322208). 
Lyman  House  Memorial  Museum:  (316907). 

Marseille,  Universite  D'Aix,  France:  (291834,  317335,  316957,  321167). 
Maine,  University  of:  (317525). 

Maine,  State  of,  Inland  Fisheries  and  Game:  (315966). 

Malaysia,  Government  of,  Office  of  Conservator  of  Forests,  Malaysia:  (319718). 
Malaya,  University  of,  Malaysia:  (310996,  316771). 
Manchester,  University  of:  Museum  (320214,  322455). 
Marie  Selby  Botanical  Gardens:  (315774). 
Marine  Ecological  Institute:  (321545). 
Marine  Research  Foundation:  (318433,319482). 
Mauritius  Sugar  Industry  Research  Institute,  Mauritius:  (319412). 
Maryland  Academy  of  Sciences:  (317438). 
Maryland,  University  of:  (317534,  319712,  319782,  323032);  Natural  Resources 

Institute  (269646,  316575). 
Massachusetts,  University  of:  (315788,  316802). 

Max-Planck-Institut  fur  Chemie,  Germany:  (316609);  fur  Kernphysik  (316674). 
Memorial  University  of  Newfoundland,  Canada:  (307984,  311573). 
Miami,  University  of,  Rosenstiel  School  of  Marine  and  Atmospheric  Science: 

(262530,  290413,  299834,  309147,  310879,  320895). 
Michigan  State  University:  (320908,  319716,  319715,  318470). 
Michigan,  University  of,  Museum  of  Zoology:  (311357,  312417,  315543,  316153, 

321216,  322032,  322037,  322157);  Museum  of  Paleontology  (315015). 
Minerals  Unlimited:  (322083). 

Mineralogisk-Geologisk  Museum,  Norway:  (322195). 
Mississippi  State  University:  (259866,  283973,  317744). 
Missouri  Botanical  Garden:   (315808,  315815,  315833,  316745,  316781,  317188, 

317272,   317712,    317736,    318639,   318660,    318721,    319362,    319383,    320456, 

321466,  321520). 
Missouri,  University  of:  (317407,  318663,  318707,  323363). 
Moscow  State  University,  Zoological  Museum,  USSR:  (316894). 
Moss  Landing  Marine  Laboratories:  (305637,  318060). 
Musee  Zoologique,  Switzerland:  (316991). 
Museu  Botanico  Municipal,  Curitiba,  Brazil:  (314970,  316763,  318669,  321061, 

316765,  317234). 
Museo  de  Historia  Natural,  Herbario  San  Marcos,  Peru:  (318673). 
Museo  Nacional  de  Costa  Rica,  Herbario  Nacional:  (319787). 
Museum    National    D'Histoire    Naturelle,    France:    (310167,    311754,    314936, 

316131,  316736,  316985,  318161,  318663,  320417,  321053,  321497,  321521). 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  Sweden:  (318723). 


450  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Museum  of  Natural  History,  Romania:  (298104). 

Muze-ye  Melli-ye  Tarikh-e  Tabi'i,  Iran:  (321247). 

Nairobi  University,  Kenya:  (313513). 

National  Geographic  Society:  (303788,  319493). 

National  Institute  of  Oceanography,  England:  (309384). 

Natural  History  Museum,  San  Diego,  California:  (281954). 

National  Institute  for  Metallurgy,  South  Africa:  (318074). 

National  Museum  of  Canada:  (276085,  314134). 

National  Museum  of  Prague,  Czechoslovakia:  (317209). 

National  Museum  of  Natural  Sciences,  Canada:  (320408). 

National  Museum  of  New  Zealand:  (318267,  318554). 

National  Museum  of  Rhodesia:  (312576). 

National  Museum  of  Victoria,  Australia:  (311867). 

National  Science  Museum,  Japan:  (320902,  322439). 

Nathurhistorisches  Museum,  Switzerland:  (317496). 

Natur-Museum  und  Forschungs-Institut,  Germany:  (306104). 

Nebraska-Lincoln  University:  (322011). 

New  Brunswick  University:  (313189). 

New  Hampshire  University:  (317331). 

New  Mexico  University:  (323187). 

New  Mexico  Bureau  of  Mines  and  Mineral  Resources:  (321171). 

New  York  Botanical  Garden:  (315823,  315826,  316710,  316714,  316730,  316756, 

317210,    317246,   317255,   318711,    317791,    319318,    319354,    319725,    319753, 

319765,  320434,  320468,  321428,  321490). 
New  York  Ocean  Science  Laboratory:  (316573). 
New  Zealand  Oceanographic  Institute,  New  Zealand:  (316200). 
Newark  Museum:  (306625). 
Noell's  Ark:  (320354). 
North  Carolina,  University  of:  (302546,  316734,  316959,  317294,  317657,  318064, 

318384). 
North  Carolina  State  University:  (317582). 
North  Dakota,  University  of:  (317145). 
Northern  Illinois  University:  (318456,  320572). 
Notre  Dame  University:  (322094). 

Observatorio  Astronomico  do  Colegio  Estadual  do  Parana,  Brazil:  (312676). 
Oceanside  Gem  Imports,  Inc.:  (316606,  318864,  318864). 
Office  De  La  Recherche  Scientifique  Et'  Technique  Outre-Mer,  France:  (318061, 

320385);  Madagascar  (315999). 
Ohio  State  University  Herbarium:  (316773,  317700). 
Oklahoma,  University  of:  (319105). 
Old  Dominion  University:  (316837,  318806). 
Oregon  State  University:  (285026,  296562). 
Oxy  Metals  Industries:  (317437). 
Pacific  Tropical  Botanical  Garden,  Hawaii:  (321045). 
Pala  Properties  International,  Inc.:   (316217,  318205,  319033,  320256,   320265, 

321330,  322086,  323236). 
Palaontolgisches  Instituut  und  Museum  der  Universitat,  Switzerland:  (317301). 
Paleontological  Museum,  Moscow:  (321335). 
Pennsylvania  State  University:  (316722,  318125). 
Pennsylvania,  University  of:  (320917). 
Pensacola  Junior  College:  (319481). 
Physical  Research  Laboratory,  India:  (321533). 
South    Africa,    Republic    of,    Plant    Protection    Research    Institute:     (319641, 

323348). 
Polska  Akademia  Nauk,  Poland,  Muzeum  Ziemi:  (319807). 
Portobello  Marine  Laboratory,  New  Zealand:  (312191). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  451 


Puerto  Rico,  Commonwealth  of,  Department  of  Natural  Resources:  (315674). 

Puerto  Rico,  University  of:  (318347,  321487). 

QLM  Laboratories,  Inc.:  (318753). 

Queen  Victoria  Museum  &  Art  Gallery:  (316832). 

Queen's  University:  (264146). 

Queensland  Herbarium,  Australia:  (314931,  322369,  321500). 

Queensland  Museum:  (318799). 

Raytech  Industries,  Inc.:  (317564). 

Research  &  Control  Department,  West  Indies:  (317522). 

Research  School  of  Biological  Sciences,  Australia:  (302495). 

Rhode  Island,  University  of:  (308047). 

Rijksmuseum  van  Natuurlijke  Historic  The  Netherlands:    (312557,   320501); 

Rijksherbarium  (317183,  319393). 
Rockville  Public  Library:  (316872). 
Roseau  Research  Centre,  West  Indies:  (322252). 
Royal  Botanic  Garden,  Scotland:  (317793). 
Royal   Botanic   Gardens,   England:    (314976,   316711,   317760,   317766,   319368, 

319722,  320438,  321116). 
Royal  Ontario  Museum,  Canada:  (318252,  322196). 
Ruder  Boskovic  Institute,  Yugoslavia:  (306781). 
St.  John's  College,  India:  (318240). 
St.  Louis  Zoological  Park:  (320915). 
San  Diego  State  College:  (295685). 
Sao  Paulo,  Universidade  de,  Museu  de  Zoologia  da:  (318065,  318292,  320931, 

322574,  323153,  323353). 
Savannah  Science  Museum:  (302698). 
Schenectady  Museum:  (290228). 
Senckenberg  Museum:  (317124). 
Sinclair  Refining  Company :  (318277). 
Singapore,  University  of:  (279091). 
South  African  Museum:  (316625). 

South  Alabama,  University  of:  (314825,  316178,  322143). 
South  Carolina,  University  of:  (318429,  322269). 
South  Florida,  University  of:  (321114,  321202). 
Southern    California,    University    of:    (322325);    Allan    Hancock    Foundation 

(318803,  319168,  319229). 
Southern  State  College:  (316027). 
Southwest  Research  Institute-Houston:  (317277). 
Southwest  Texas  State  University:  (317519,  320141). 
Southwestern  Louisiana,  University  of:  (321424). 
Southwestern  Mineral  Associates,  Inc.:  (317418). 
State  Department,  U.S.:  (323167);  Peace  Corps.  (315277). 
State  Museum  of  Natural  History,  North  Carolina:  (315661,  317825). 
Station  Centrale  de  Zoologie  CNRA,  France:  (316992). 
Summit  Herbarium,  Canal  Zone:  (318642). 
Sydney,  University  of:  (317603). 
Tall  Timbers  Research  Station:  (318481). 
Tasmania,  University  of,  Australia:  (205162). 
Tennessee,  University  of:  (313600,  317805,  318720). 

Texas  A&M  University:  (303876,  313009,  314824,  317333,  321122,  322251). 
Texas  Technological  College:  (283274). 
Texas,  University  of:  (318059,  318685,  319730,  320423). 
TMK,  Inc.:  (318084). 
Tokyo,  University  of:  (316915,  320467). 

Toronto,  University  of,  Ramsay  Wright  Zoological  Laboratories:  (317094). 
Trinite  Mining  Company:  (323231). 


452  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Underwater  Biological  Research:  (321863). 

Universidad  de  Agronomia,  Venezuela:  (316719). 

Universidad  Autonoma  de  Santo  Domingo:  (273185). 

Universidad  Central  de  Venezuela:  (317193,  321431,  321433). 

Universidad  de  Los  Andes,  Venezuela:  (315835,  316753,  321043). 

Universidad  Nacional  de  Colombia,  Bogota:  (315809,  318701,  319757). 

Universidad    Nacional    del    Nordeste,    Argentina:     (315819,    318674,    321112, 

322371). 
Universidad  Nacional  Tecnia  de  Cajamarca,  Peru:  (319341). 
Universidad  de  Panama:  (317529,  318577). 
Universidade  de  Brasilia:  (317204,  319734). 

Universidade  Federal  do  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil:  (315824,  316779). 
Universita  di  Perugia,  Italy:  (323188). 
Universitat  Hamburg,  Germany:  (305040). 
Universitetets  Zoologiske  Museum,  Denmark:  (317521). 
University  College,  Ireland:  (321920). 
Uppsala,  University  of,  Sweden:  (301548). 
Utah,  University  of:  (320435). 
Utrecht,  Botanisch  Museum  En  Herbarium  van  de  Rijksuniversiteit:   (316793, 

317206,  319727). 
Victoria  University  of  Wellington:  (318318). 
Vila  Museum  Cultural  Center,  New  Hebrides:  (323189). 
Virginia  Institute  of  Marine  Science:  (281441,  314690,  317606,  319107,  322841, 

320650). 
Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute  &  State  University:  (321933). 
Waimea  Aboretum,  Hawaii:  (321492). 
Walla  Walla  College:  (318749). 

Ward's  Natural  Science  Establishment,  Inc.:  (321591,  321968). 
Washington,   University   of:    (316916,   318385,   321173);   College    of   Fisheries 

(285001,  320135,  321306);  Friday  Harbor  Laboratories  (297808). 
Washington  State  University:  (316795). 
Water  and  Air  Research,  Inc.:  (320296). 
Waterloo,  University  of:  (313463,  316603,  319060). 
West  Florida,  University  of:  (320601). 
West  Indies,  University  of:  (306411). 

Western  Australian  Museum,  Perth:  (319180,  322065,  322288). 
Western  Minerals:  (316216,320622). 
William  and  Mary  College  Herbarium:  (319385). 
Wisconsin,   University   of:    (315817,   316728,   317245,   317714,   317719,  317761, 

317769,  318699,  319322,  321580). 
Wisconsin  State  University:  (316798,  317789). 
Woods  Hole  Oceanographic  Institute:  (309416,  315706,  318820). 
Worcester  County,  Sheriff's  Office:  (322911). 
Wyoming,  University  of :  (320994). 
Yale    University:    (282519,    284559,    323225);    Peabody    Museum    of    Natural 

History  (317093). 
Zoologisches  Institut  und  Museum  der  Universitat  Gottingen:   (321333). 
Zoological  Museum,  Finland:  (317123). 
Zurich,  Universitat,  Botanischer  Garten  und  Museum:  (317770). 

NATIONAL  ZOOLOGICAL  PARK 

Donors  of  Financial  Support 

Anti-Ship  Missile  Defense  Project  Office  (in  memorium  Patricia  Britton) 

Ash  Lawn 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  L.  Baker 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  453 


Dr.  Ellinor  H.  Behre 

Norma  K.  Darr 

Harold  J.  Egoscue 

The  Embroiderer's  Guild,  Congressional  Branch 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ezra  Glaser 

Betti  C.  Goldwasser 

Mrs.  Eugene  R.  Hitchcock  (The  Class  in  Early  American  Decoration) 

Betty  S.  Howser 

Elbridge  O.  Hurlbut 

Ilene  F.  Joyce 

James  W.  Kelly 

David  B.  Marshall 

Hazel  S.  Mays 

Louisa  B.  Parker  (in  memorium  Patricia  Britton) 

Mary  B.  Scheible 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Lee  M.  Talbot 

The  Washington  Biologist's  Field  Club  Inc. 

Donor  to  the  Zoo  Library 

Mrs.  Helmut  Buechner,   Washington,   D.C. :   Journal   collection   of  Dr.   H.   K. 
Buechner 

Donors  of  Live  Animals 

Atlantic-Richfield  Company  (through  Angus  Gavin),  Alaska:  40  Pacific  eider 

eggs. 
David  Bereza,  Philadelphia,  Pa.:  2  matamata  turtles. 

Brazilia  Zoo  (through  Paulo-Nogueira-Neto),  Brazilia,  Brazil:  2  maned  wolves. 
Robert  Brodsky,  Annandale,  Va.:  one  yellow-headed  Amazon. 
Anne  Cornelius,  Gaithersburg,  Md.:  one  leopard  lizard. 
Neil  Greenberg,  Poolesville,  Md.:  2  iguanas. 
Charles  Handley,  Washington,  D.C. :  25  fruit-eating  bats. 
Hogle  Zoological  Garden,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah:  2  kit  foxes. 
Tom  Jensen,  Blacksburg,  Va.:  15  Jamaican  anoles. 
Robin  Martin,  Washington,  D.C:  one  salmon-crested  cockatoo. 
Ronnie  Mesic,  Hampton,  Va.:  one  yellow-ridged  toucan. 
National  Institute  of  Parks  (through  Pedro  Trebbau),  Venezuela:  2  crab-eating 

foxes. 
Northern  Prairie  Wildlife  Research  Center,  Jamestown,  N.D. :  6  giant  Canada 

geese. 
Juan  Gomez  Nunez,  Maracay,  Venezuela:  3  crab-eating  foxes. 
Thomas  P.  O'Farrell,  Desert  Research  Institute,  Nevada:  4  antelope  ground 

squirrels. 
Patuxent  Wildlife  Research  Center,  Md.:  6  greater  sandhill  cranes,  6  Florida 

sandhill  cranes. 
Philadelphia  Zoological   Gardens,  Philadelphia,  Pa.:   3  pancake   tortoises;   2 

hinge-back  tortoises. 
Galen  Rathbun,  Nairobi,  Kenya:  25  elephant  shrews. 
Salisbury  Zoological  Garden,  Salisbury,  Md. :  one  tegu  lizard. 
San  Diego  Zoological  Society,  San  Diego,  Calif.:  2  black-tailed  prairie  dogs. 
Sao  Paulo  Zoo  (through  Mario  Autuori),  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil:  2  maned  wolves. 
William  Sladen,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. :  2  whistling  swans. 
Phil  Stanton,  Upton,  Ma. :  2  American  eiders. 
Charles  Swille,  Long  Island,  N.Y. :  one  white-eared  pheasant. 


454  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


SMITHSONIAN  TROPICAL  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE 

Donors  of  Financial  Support 

The  Henry  B.  and  Grace  Doherty  Foundation 

Robert  Dressier 

Exxon  Foundation 

Giles  W.  Mead 

The  Edward  John  Noble  Foundation 

A.  Stanley  Rand 

Earl  S.  Tupper 


HISTORY  AND  ART 


ARCHIVES  OF  AMERICAN  ART 

Donors  of  Financial  Support 
$100  and  over 

Mr.  Albert  J.  Ades 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Denton  Anderson 
Mrs.  Wendell  W.  Anderson,  Sr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wendell  W.  Anderson, 

Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Louis  C.  Baker 
Mr.  Richard  B.  Baker 
Mr.  W.  N.  Banks 
Mrs.  James  H.  Beal 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  A.  Benton 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  A.  Beresford 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edwin  A.  Bergman 
Mrs.  Rosalie  Berkowitz 
Mrs.  Lionel  R.  Berman 
Muriel  M.  Berman 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Biddle 
Anna  H.  Bing 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Theodore  D.  Birnkrant 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  Glenn  Bixby 
Mrs.  Myron  N.  Blank 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lawrence  H.  Bloedel 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Paul  Borman 
Mr.  William  Bostick 
W.  H.  Brady  Foundation,  Inc. 
Mr.  Charles  L.  Bricker 
Mr.  Louis  Britwitz 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  G.  Butler 
Mrs.  David  R.  C.  Brown 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  W.  Brown 
Mr.  J.  Lawrence  Buell,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Helen  R.  Busch 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  A.  Cafiero 
Mr.  Dixon  H.  Cain 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Howard  B.  Camden 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Sidney  E.  Chapin 


Dr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  B.  Clarke 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ralph  F.  Colin 

Mr.  Gardner  Cowles 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Burrill  B.  Crohn 

Miss  Ruth  Cumming 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  Cummings 

Mrs.  Chester  Dale 

Mrs.  Frederic  A.  Daum 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  B.  Daniels 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Keith  Davis 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  G.  De  Lorenzo 

Mrs.  Maria  M.  de  Medina 

Mrs.  Albert  de  Salle 

Mrs.  Henry  H.  Dewar 

Mrs.  Amy  Dobronyi 

Mr.  Paul  Dorman 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Saul  H.  Dunitz 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Earle 

Mrs.  Allan  D.  Emil 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  M.  Endicott 

Dallas  Ernst 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  M.  Estes 

Mrs.  Aubrey  Ettenheimer 

Mrs.  Irving  X.  Fabrikant 

Mrs.  W.  Rodman  Fay 

Mrs.  John  H.  Ferguson 

Mrs.  Charles  T.  Fisher 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter  W.  Fisher 

Mrs.  Gilchrist  Fletcher 

Mrs.  Frederick  C.  Ford,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kaye  G.  Frank 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marshall  Fredericks 

Mrs.  John  S.  French 

Mr.  B.  H.  Friedman 

Mr.  David  L.  Gamble 


Appendix  9,  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  455 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  Getler 
Mr.  Charles  Gilman,  Jr. 

(Gilman  Foundation,  Inc.) 
Mr.  Howard  Gilman 
Mrs.  Bernard  F.  Gimbel 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanley  Glen 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seth  M.  Glickenhaus 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  R.  Goldyne 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alan  L.  Gornick 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  T.  Gossett 
Mr.  Charles  M.  Grace 
Mr.  Harold  E.  Grove 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Lester  Gruber 
Mrs.  Marina  Kellen  Gundlach 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter  Haas 
Mrs.  Nathan  L.  Halpern 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Reginald  Harnett 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  Jan  Hartmann 
Mrs.  Robert  G.  Hartwick 
Mrs.  Raymond  Hawtin 
Mrs.  Douglas  Hays 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  H.  Heaton 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Charles  E.  Hickman 
Mrs.  George  C.  Hixon 
Mrs.  Grace  Garden  Hooker 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stephen  Horn  II 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  J.  Horowitz 
Mrs.  Howell  Howard 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  Stewart  Hudson 
Mr.  Frederick  G.  L.  Huetwell 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  D.  Hulings 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Humphry  III 
IBM  Corporation  Design  and  Arts 

Program 
Milka  Iconomoff 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Michael  Irving 
Mrs.  Harrison  Ivancovich 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  David  Jacknow 
Mrs.  Augusta  Jacobson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earle  F.  Johnson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  C.  Johnson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alfred  Winslow  Jones 
Mrs.  Louis  E.  Kahn 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  A.  Frederick  Kammer 
Mrs.  Virginia  W.  Kampf 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  M.  Kaplan 
Miss  Zelda  Kaplan 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Seymour  Karbal 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bernard  Karpel 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sidney  Katzman 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  O.  Keene 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Martin  A.  Kellman 
Kennedy  Galleries,  Inc. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harry  L.  Koenigsberg 
Kriendler-Berns  Foundation 
Mrs.  Roger  Kyes 


The  Lachaise  Foundation 

Mrs.  C.  Lacoppidan 

Dr.  William  A.  Lange 

Mrs.  Barbara  B.  Lassiter 

Mr.  Rensselaer  W.  Lee 

Mr.  Arthur  D.  Leidesdorf 

Mrs.  Annalina  Levi 

Mrs.  Stanley  K.  Levison 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Albert  List 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Louis  M.  Loeb 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earle  Ludgin 

Mr.  Russell  Lynes 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Alvan  Macauley,  Jr. 

Miss  Anne  Maddox 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  H.  Maddux 

Mrs.  Robert  A.  Magowan 

Mrs.  Grey  Mason 

Mrs.  Frederick  C.  Matthaei 

Mr.  T.  S.  Mathews 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Baldwin  Maull 

Mrs.  Robert  B.  Mayer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nelson  L.  Meredith 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 

Mill  Pond  Press 

Mrs.  G.  Macculloch  Miller 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Irving  Minett 

Mrs.  Carleton  Mitchell 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  L.  Mitchell 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Coleman  Mopper 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  T.  A.  Murphy 

Mrs.  Lillian  R.  Muss 

Mr.  Jack  Navin 

Mrs.  Harry  J.  Nederlander 

Mrs.  Frances  H.  Nelson 

Mrs.  Eldo  Netto 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Roy  R.  Neuberger 

Ms.  Louise  R.  Noun 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  J.  Nussbaum 

Mr.  Alfonso  A.  Ossorio 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  O.  L.  Olson 

Mrs.  Bliss  Parkinson 

Mrs.  Henry  Pearlman 

Mr.  Charles  Penney 

Mrs.  Patricia  Jobe  Pierce 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  H.  Lynn  Pierson 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  L.  S.  Pollock 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leon  B.  Polsky 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  J.  Poplack 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  P.  Potamkin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Albert  B.  Ratner 

Mrs.  Dorothy  H.  Rautbord 

Mrs.  Dana  M.  Raymond 

Mr.  Raphael  Recanati 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  P.  Richardson 

Mrs.  John  D.  Rockefeller,  3rd 

Mr.  Nelson  A.  Rockefeller 


456  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  R.  Rodgers 

Mrs.  Ida  Rosenberg 

Mr.  Robert  A.  Rowan 

Mrs.  Joseph  Rubin 

Mrs.  Madeleine  H.  Russell 

Dr.  Ivan  C.  Schatten 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Walter  Scheuer 

Mr.  Jerry  Schoenith 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Schoenith 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Douglas  A.  Schubot 

Mrs.  Sidney  L.  Schwarz 

Mr.  James  J.  Shapiro 

Mrs.  Allan  Shelden,  III 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peter  M.  Shontz,  Jr. 

Signature  Art  Galleries 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herbert  M.  Singer 

Mrs.  Florence  Sisman 

The  George  M.  and  Mabel  H.  Slocum 

Foundation 
Mrs.  J.  Scott  Smart 
Mr.  Elward  Smith 
Mrs.  Lawrence  M.  C.  Smith 

$500  and  over 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  L.  Bunce 
Mrs.  Carrigan  Fitzsimons 
Miss  Elizabeth  H.  Fuller 
Mrs.  Alfred  C.  Harrison 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Hirshhorn 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  S.  Judd 

(The  Lyons  Foundation,  Inc.) 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gilbert  Kinney 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Harold  O.  Love 

$1,000  and  over 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  Bloom 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  L.  Bradley 

The  Bundy  Foundation 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Irving  F.  Burton 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joel  S.  Ehrenkranz 

Mrs.  George  R.  Fink 

Benson  and  Edith  Ford  Fund 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  C.  Ford 

The  Edith  Gregor  Halpert  Foundation 

Mrs.  Percy  C.  Madeira,  Jr. 

Mr.  Moissaye  Marans 

$5,000  and  over 

Mrs.  George  R.  Brown 

(The  Brown  Foundation,  Inc.) 

Mrs.  Edsel  B.  Ford 

(The  Eleanor  Clay  Ford  Fund) 

$10,000  and  over 

Mr.  Richard  Manoogian 
Michigan  Council  for  the  Arts 


Mrs.  Howard  Smits 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edgar  Stanton 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mark  C.  Stevens 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Stanford  C.  Stoddard 

Mr.  Philip  A.  Straus 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  W.  Stroh 

Mr.  Eugene  Victor  Thaw 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Carsten  Tiedeman 

Mrs.  Louis  Tishman 

Mrs.  Hooper  Truettner 

Mrs.  Helen  Urban 

Mrs.  C.  Theron  Van  Dusen 

Mr.  Adele  Volpe 

Mr.  C.  Carter  Walker,  Jr. 

Mr.  Hudson  Walker 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joseph  Weinstein 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  R.  J.  Williams 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Warren  R.  Woodward 

Mrs.  R.  Stephens  Wright 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  J.  Young,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  M.  Zell 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  L.  McNeil,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Richard  Manney 
Mrs.  Nancy  B.  Negley 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dan  Oppenheimer 
Mrs.  H.  Darby  Perry 
Mrs.  Herbert  Polacheck 
Mrs.  Edwin  M.  Rosenthal,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Arthur  S.  Seeligson,  Jr. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Maury  L.  Spanier 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  A.  Marsteller 

Mr.  Gunnar  Maske 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Abraham  Melamed 

Mrs.  Edwin  Meredith 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Chapin  Riley 

Mr.  Stephen  Shalom 

Mrs.  Otto  L.  Spaeth 

Mr.  Emanuel  Sulkes 

Mr.  Edward  M.  M.  Warburg 

Mrs.  Robert  Ready  Williams 


The  Samuel  H.  Kress  Foundation 
Howard  and  Jean  Lipman  Foundation 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  L.  Richards 
(The  Viola  Bray  Charitable  Fund) 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  457 


COOPER-HEWITT  MUSEUM  OF  DECORATIVE  ARTS  AND  DESIGN 


Donors  of  Financial  Support  ($500 

American  Telephone  &  Telegraph 

Company 
The  Vincent  Astor  Foundation 
Margaret  T.  Biddle  Foundation 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  C.  Booker 
Mrs.  Helen  W.  Buckner 
CBS  Inc. 

Carnegie  Corporation 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ron  Dante 
Mr.  William  W.  Donnell 
First  National  City  Bank 
Eva  Gebhard-Gourgaud  Foundation 
Hallmark  Educational  Foundation 
Henry  J.  Heinz  II 
Harold  K.  Hochschild 
Janet  A.  Hooker  Charitable  Trust 
Patricia  Kendall  Hurd 
IBM 

Donors  of  Works  of  Art 

L'Antiquaire,  Inc. 

Antiquarian  Landmarks  Society  of 

Connecticut,  Hartford 
Mr.  Alfred  Auerbach 
Mrs.  Lillian  Block 
Bergdorf-Goodman 
Brunschwig  &  Fils,  Inc. 
Mrs.  Lester  R.  Cahn 
Chestnut  Renewal  Corporation, 

Board  of  Directors 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  William  Collis 
Mrs.  M.  Allison  Coudert 
Mr.  Harold  Crooks 
Dansk  Designs,  Ltd. 
Mr.  Uri  Danyluk 
Mr.  David  de  Casseres 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  de  Cuevas 
Mr.  Rodman  de  Heeren 
Mrs.  Rogers  Denckla 
Mr.  Donald  Deskey 
Mrs.  Ann  Hysa  Dorfsman 
Dundee  Mills 
Mrs.  Susanna  Ebendorf 
Mrs.  William  B.  Eldridge 
Mr.  Dennis  A.  Fiori 
Mr.  M.  Roy  Fisher 
Marguerite  Flynn 
Shin  Ichiro  Foujita 
Estate  of  Jerome  A.  Q.  Franks 
Friends  of  Drawings  and  Prints 
Friends  of  Textiles 
Mrs.  Frederick  Greenfield 
Mrs.  Robert  Grieff 


and  over) 

Josten  Fund,  Inc. 

Karastan  Rug  Mills 

The  Lauder  Foundation 

Mrs.  Edith  MacGuire 

The  Magowan  Family  Foundation, 

Inc. 
The  Charles  E.  Merrill  Trust 
Margaret  C.  Miller 
Philip  Morris 
Dorothy  F.  Rogers — 

Rockmeadow  Foundation,  Inc. 
Charles  E.  Sampson  Memorial  Fund 
Stroheim  &  Romann 
Mr.  Bertrand  L.  Taylor  III 
John  B.  Trevor,  Jr. 
The  Women's  Committee  of  the 

Smithsonian  Associates 


Miss  Mary  Griffin 

Hamilton-Van  Wagner  House 

Mrs.  John  L.  Handy,  Jr. 

Christopher  and  Rucker  Hartman 

Haslam  and  Whiteway 

Mrs.  William  Randolph  Hearst,  Jr. 

Hermes 

Mr.  Stanley  Herzman 

Mrs.  Lincoln  Johnson 

Mrs.  Jacob  Kaplan 

Mr.  Ellery  Karl 

Mr.  Robert  C.  Kaufmann 

Donald  and  Eylene  King 

Mr.  Lincoln  Kirstein 

Mrs.  Richard  S.  Koehne 

Mr.  Lawrence  Korwin 

Dr.  Robert  Krieble 

Mrs.  Ralph  W.  Kruze 

Mr.  Merle  Leech 

Mr.  Simon  Lissim 

Mr.  Nino  Luciano 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Samuel  Mandel 

Mrs.  Phyllis  Masser 

Mrs.  William  Mathers 

Elinor  Merrell 

Miss  Pauline  Metcalf 

Mrs.  Robert  Milbauer 

Mr.  Karl  Miller 

Mrs.  Margaret  Carnegie  Miller 

Mr.  Jacques  Mohr 

Mrs.  Gillian  Moss 

Nantucket  Historical  Association 


458  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


National  Park  Service,  Denver, 

Colorado 
Mr.  William  A.  Olsen 
Mr.  Hubbell  Pierce 
Mrs.  Minna  Rosenblatt 
Mr.  Max  Saltzman 
Mr.  Neil  Sellin 
Mrs.  Selig  Silverman 
Mr.  Edgar  O.  Smith 
Mr.  Ralph  V.  Sollitt 
Mr.  Milton  Sonday 
Mr.  Richard  Stein 
Mme.  Alice  Stern 
Mr.  Hugh  Stix 
Thomas  Strahan  Co. 


C.  Helme  Strater,  Jr.,  John  B.  Strater, 
and  Margaret  S.  Robinson 

Mrs.  Bertrand  L.  Taylor  III 

Mrs.  Lyla  Tyng 

Mrs.  Martha  B.  Walcott 

Mrs.  Clara  Waldeck 

Mrs.  Charles  Webster 

Mr.  George  Wells 

Mr.  H.  Wade  White 

Dorothy  Lynde  Wright  and 
A.  Elizabeth  Wadhams 

Mr.  Russell  Wright 

Miss  Honor  Youngs 

Mrs.  Irwin  Zlowe 

Miss  Nell  Znamierowski 


FREER  GALLERY  OF  ART 

Donors  of  Financial  Support 
Mrs.  Jean  C.  Lindsey 


Ellen  Bayard  Weedon  Foundation 


Donors  to  the  Study  Collection 

Mr.  George  Anavian:  1  bronze 

Mr.  Gordon  H.  Brown:  5  wood  engravings  by  Whistler 

Estate  of  Edith  Ehrman:  1  Japanese  print  by  Harunobu 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Kurt  A.  Gitter:  1  Japanese  calligraphy 

Mrs.  Marian  Hammer:  1  Japanese  pottery;  Edo;  Arita  ware,  blue  and  white 

apothecary  bottle 
Mrs.  R.  K.  Keith:  2  Indian  gold  bracelets;  2  Indian  gold  pendants 
Professor  Franz  Michael:  16  Chinese  rubbings 
John  A.  Pope:  shards  of  pottery 
Miss  Elizabeth  Rhoades  Reynolds:  1  pottery  vase 
Mr.  Raymond  Schwartz:  plastic  (carved)  snuff  bottle 

Dr.  Harold  P.  Stern:  1  English  textile;  1  English  fireplace  screen  or  "surround" 
Mr.  T.  Taniquchi:  95  Japanese  paintings 
Mr.  John  Thacher:  1  lacquer   table;   Japanese;   Momoyama;   mother-of-pearl 

inlay 


HIRSHHORN  MUSEUM  AND  SCULPTURE  GARDEN 


Donors  of  Financial  Support 
The  Balch  Institute 

Donors  of  Works  of  Art 

Mrs.  Michael  Brenner 

Senator  and  Mrs.  Dale  Bumpers 

David  Deitscher  Gallery  Limited 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Julian  Eisenstein 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sol  Fishko 

Harmon  Gallery 

Mr.  Joseph  Hirshhorn 

Mr.  Jacob  Kainen 

Mr.  Michael  Klein 

Mrs.  Eric  Knight 

Mr.  Vincent  Melzac 


The  Thomas  M.  Evans  Foundation 


Mr.  S.  Dillon  Ripley 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peter  Rosenau 

Resident  Associate  Program, 

Smithsonian  Institution 
Mr.  Sergio  Storel 
Mr.  Jose  Tasende 
Ms.  Susan  Vanderwoude 
Miss  Berta  Walker 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  T.  Workman 
Virginia  Zabriskie  Gallery 
Miss  Virginia  Zabriskie 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  459 


NATIONAL  COLLECTION  OF  FINE  ARTS 


Donors  of  Financial  Support 


Acken  Signs,  Inc. 

J.  Adams  Systems,  Inc. 

Advertising  Metal  Display  Company 

American  Cyanamid  Company 

American  Sign  and  Advertising 

Services,  Inc. 
American  Sign  and  Indicator 

Corporation 
Angier  Industries 
Arrow  Sign  Company,  Inc. 
C.  Bendsen  Company 
Brilliant  Electric  Signs,  Inc. 
Central  Outdoor  Advertising 

Company 
Coca  Cola  Company 
Columbus  Advertising  Inc. 
Copernicus  Society 
Corning  Glass  Works 
Cutler  Electrical  Products,  Inc. 
Francois  De  Menil 
Display  Sales,  Inc. 
Dowie  Outdoor  Inc. 
Alice  and  Leonard  Dreyfuss 

Foundation 
Eastern  States  Sign  Council,  Inc. 
Excellent  Advertising  Corporation 
Ferrer  Corporation 
Ferrin  Signs,  Inc. 
David  E.  Finley 
French  Advertising  Inc. 
General  Electric 
Gulf  Development,  Inc. 
Hoarel  Sign  Company 
The  Howard  Company,  Inc. 
Caroline  Hume 
International  Brotherhood  of 

Electrical  Workers 
Ruth  Cole  Kainen 
Don  Kieffer  Signs 
Levy  Sign  Company 
Elizabeth  Loch 
Mac  Sign  Company 
Magowan  Family  Foundation 
Markline  Neon  Sign  Company,  Inc. 
James  H.  Matthews  and  Company 
The  Mayor  Gallery 
Melweb  Signs,  Inc. 
Midwest  Sign  and  Awning  Company 
Mitchell,  Hutchins,  Inc. 


James  S.  and  Barbara  J.  Mueller 
Nespir  Sign  Advertising,  Inc. 
Nevada  Sign  Association,  Southern 

Division,  Inc. 
Northern  Advertising  Company 
Norton  Advertising,  Inc. 
Nu-lite  Sign  Company 
Oklahoma  Neon  Company 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

America,  Inc. 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

Indiana 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

New  Jersey 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

New  York 
Outdoor  Advertising  Association  of 

Oklahoma 
Phelps-Dodge  Corporation 
Reece  Supply  Company 
Bob  Robinson,  Inc. 
Charles  Sawyer 

Thomas  A.  Schutz  Company,  Inc. 
Michael  J.  and  JoAnn  Shenk 
Sign  and  Display  Industry  Promotion 

Fund 
Signs  Inc. 

The  Skyhook  Corporation 
Eloise  Spaeth 

Stait  Outdoor  Advertising  Company 
Standard  Neo-Lite  Company,  Inc. 
State  Sign  Corporation 
State  Sign  Services,  Inc. 
Texas  Sign  Manufacturers 

Association 
Traffic  Audit  Bureau,  Inc. 
Tri-Pack  Corporation 
Tube  Light  Company 
Turner  Communications  Corporation 
20th  Century  Sign  Studio 
United  Sign  Corporation 
University  of  Notre  Dame 
Uthmeier  Advertising  Companies, 

Inc. 
Vanadco  Signs 
Visual  Marketing  Inc. 
Voltarc  Tubes  Inc. 
World  Sign  Associates 


460  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Donors  to  the  Collection 

Mrs.  David  C.  Acheson 

(with  Mr.  John  W.  Castles  III) 
Brooke  Alexander 
Irene  H.  Aronson 
Anonymous  Donor 
Paula  Juley  Baker 
Mrs.  Nathaly  Baum 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  S.  Benedict 
Mrs.  Madge  Blumencranz 
Ilya  Bolotowsky 
Brandywine  Graphic  Workshop 
Mr.  John  W.  Castles  III 

(with  Mrs.  David  C.  Acheson) 
Julian  de  Miskey 
Hugo  Dreyfus 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Waldron  Faulkner 
Henry  Feiwell 

Mrs.  Dorothy  Brooks  Fenton 
Aline  Fruhauf 
Mrs.  Robert  Goodale 
John  Gossage 
Dr.  Christopher  A.  Graf  and 

Janet  Graf,  his  wife 
Edward  M.  Groth 
HMK  Fine  Arts 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Mervin  Honig 
Mr.  John  R.  Hopkins 
Hymen  Horn 
Milton  Horn 
Robert  Flynn  Johnson 
Mrs.  Carlyle  Jones 
Jacob  Kainen 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jacob  Kainen 
John  Kane 
Linda  Kaplan 
Susan  Kaprov 
Harry  Katz 


Louis  and  Annette  Kaufman 

Kunstlerverein  Malkasten 

William  C.  Lipke 

Mrs.  Allen  Little 

John  C.  Lord 

Lee  Lozoqick 

Frank  McClure 

Fred  McLain 

Vincent  Melzac 

Quentin  and  Mark  Meyer 

Dr.  Frederick  P.  Nause  and 

Rebecca  Nause,  his  wife 
Mrs.  Jefferson  Patterson 
Reverend  DeWolf  Perry 
Katherine  Poole 
Monroe  E.  Price 
Henry  Ward  Ranger  (Bequest  through 

the  National  Academy  of  Design) 
Estate  of  Doris  Rosenthal  (Bequest) 
Mrs.  Paul  5.  Rupert 
Mrs.  Paul  Sample 
Eleanor  Savorgnan  (Bequest) 
Smithsonian  Institution  Resident 

Associate  Program 
Society  of  Washington  Printmakers 
Bernard  Solomon 
Harold  Tager,  Jr. 
George  W.  Thompkins 
Carl  Von  der  Lancken 
Washington  Print  Club 
Alexander  Vernon  Wasson 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Donald  Webster 
Emil  Weddige 
Mrs.  Evan  M.  Wilson 
Dan  Wisel 
Zabriskie  Gallery 
Virginia  M.  Zabriskie 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  HISTORY  AND  TECHNOLOGY 
Donors  of  Financial  Support 


MISCELLANEOUS  UNRESTRICTED  GIFTS 

The  Barra  Foundation,  Inc. 
Mr.  John  Nicholas  Brown 
Mr.  Robert  Michael  Burke 
Mr.  Vasco  McCoy,  Jr. 

"1876:  A  CENTENNIAL  EXHIBITION" 

Alcoa  Foundation 

Mr.  James  Richard  Buckler 

Butterick  Fashion  Marketing 

Company 
Crane  Company 
John  Deere  Foundation 
James  B.  and  Susan  V.  Fauntleroy 


Mrs.  Martha  Morris 
Mr.  James  A.  Pegolotti 
Dr.  Forrest  C.  Pogue 
Ms.  Carola  Terwilliger 

Foremost-McKesson,  Inc. 
Otis  Elevator  Company 
Pfizer,  Inc. 

The  Washington  Post 
Western  Union  Corporation 
Wicaco  Machine  Corporation 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  461 


"balloon  frame  house'  exhibition 
Certain-teed  Products  Corporation 

doubleday  lecture  series 
Doubleday  &  Company,  Inc. 


HALL  OF  AMERICAN  MARITIME  ENTERPRISE 


American  Institute  of  Marine 

Underwriters 
Ashland  Oil,  Inc. 
Bailey  Coke  Transport,  Inc. 
Bath  Iron  Works  Corp. 
Bethlehem  Steel  Corporation 
Mr.  George  H.  Blohm 
The  Boswell  Oil  Company 
Mr.  Frederick  S.  Boyce 
Brent  Towing  Co.,  Inc. 
Calhoon  Meba  Engineering  School 
Campbell  Barge  Line,  Inc. 
Canal  Barge  Co.,  Inc. 
Cargo  Carriers,  Inc. 
Mr.  Howard  F.  Casey 
Circle  Line/Statue  of  Liberty  Ferry, 

Inc. 
Crowley  Maritime  Corporation 
Dillingham  Corp.,  Maritime  Group 

Industries 
Dixie  Carriers,  Inc. 
Joseph  C.  Domino 
E.  H.  Edwards  Company 
Exxon  Company,  U.S.A. 
Federal  Barge  Lines,  Inc. 
G  &  C  Towing,  Inc. 
General  Electric  Company 
General  Stevedores,  Inc. 
Gladders  Barge  Line,  Inc. 
Professor  George  W.  Hilton 
Humboldt  Boat  Service  Co. 
Industrial  Tank,  Inc. 
Ingram  Barge  Company 
International  Paint  Company 
Interstate  Oil  Transport  Company 
Mr.  Dennis  Lindsay 
S.  C.  Loveland  Co.,  Inc. 
Maxon  Marine  Industries,  Inc. 
Mobil  Oil  Corporation 
National  Maritime  Union  of  America 
Neare,  Gibbs,  &  Co.,  Inc. 
Oakland  Traffic  Club,  Port  of 

Oakland 
Ogden  Marine,  Inc. 


Ohio  River  Company 

PPG  Industries,  Inc. 

Propeller  Club  of  the  U.S.,  Port  of 

Baltimore  #5 
Propeller  Club  of  the  U.S.,  Port  of 

Boston,  Inc. 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Port 

Everglades 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Galveston 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Houston 
Propeller  Club  of  the  U.S.,  Port  of 

Jacksonville,  Fla. 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Miami 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Mobile 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Nashville 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  New  York 
Propeller  Club  of  Norfolk 
Propeller  Club  of  the  U.S.,  Port  of 

Pittsburgh 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Portland,  Me. 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Portsmouth, 

N.H. 
Propeller  Club  of  the  U.S.,  Port  of 

San  Diego 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  San  Juan,  P.R. 
Propeller  Club,  Port  of  Savannah 
Propeller  Club  of  the  Twin  Cities 
Prudential  Lines,  Inc. 
Reynolds  Metals  Co., 

Marine  Division 
Shell  Oil  Company 
Ms.  Magda  B.  Tenser 
C.  J.  Thibodeaux  and  Co. 
The  Tobacco  Institute,  Inc. 
Todd  Shipyards  Corporation 
Transportation  Institute 
U.  S.  Steel  Foundation,  Inc. 
Union  Mechling 
Upper  Mississippi  Towing 

Corporation 
The  Valley  Line  Company 
Water  Transport  Association 
Women's  Propeller  Club,  Port  of 

New  York 


462  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


DIVISION  OF  NAVAL  HISTORY 

Bucks  County  Chapter  of  the  D.A.R. 
City  of  Falls  Church,  Virginia 
Maine  State  Museum  and  American 
Institute  of  Nautical  Archaeology 

DIVISION  OF  CERAMICS  AND  GLASS 

Ceramica-Stiftung 
Mr.  Jack  Leon 


University  of  Vermont 
Warren  House  Association 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Mayer 
Miss  Louise  L.  Ottinger 


MEDICAL  SCIENCES  DIVISION 

Bausch  and  Lomb 

Becton  Dickinson  Foundation 

DIVISION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHIC  HISTORY 

Time,  Inc. 

"person  to  person"  exhibition 

American  Telephone  &  Telegraph 

Company 
Central  Telephone  &  Utilities 

Corporation 

division  of  electricity  &  nuclear  energy 


Sybron  Corporation 


U.  S.  Independent  Telephone 
Association 


Antique  Wireless  Association 

division  of  numismatics 
Amos  Press,  Inc. 

DIVISION  OF  POSTAL  HISTORY 

Mr.  S.  N.  Shure 


Institute  of  Electronic  &  Electrical 
Engineers 

Bass  Foundation 


Sidney  Printing  and  Publishing 
Company 


DIVISION  OF  COSTUME  AND  FURNISHINGS 

Butterick  Fashion  Marketing  Mrs.  Claudia  B.  Kidwell 

Company 

DEPARTMENT  OF  CULTURAL  HISTORY 

Mr.  C.  Malcolm  Watkins 

DIVISION  OF  PREINDUSTRIAL  HISTORY 

Mrs.  Anne  C.  Golovin 

SECTION  OF  MATHEMATICS 

Dr.  Uta  C.  Merzbach 

FRIENDS  OF  MUSIC  AT  THE  SMITHSONIAN 

Abe  Wouk  Foundation  Benjamin  L.  Becker 

Catherine  F.  Absalom  Ethel  J.  Beniash 

Mark  A.  Adler  Mrs.  E.  Tuckerman  Biays 

AKC  Fund  Miss  Elmira  Bier 

Mary  Loft  Anderson  Roy  D.  Bowman 

Mrs.  John  W.  Auchincloss  Lawrence  E.  Brown 

Bates  Duplicating  Company  James  H.  Cannon 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  463 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Raymond  Cerf 

Anthony  Chanaka 

Timothy  Childs 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Edward  C.  Childs 

Mrs.  Starling  Winston  Childs 

(5.W.  Childs  Management 

Corporation) 
Mrs.  Thomas  K.  Cline 
Mrs.  William  H.  Crocker 
Ann  M.  Cummings 
Mrs.  Anderson  C.  Dearing,  Jr. 
Elizabeth  U.  Delaney 
Lenora  S.  Dunlap 
Eleanor  M.  Earle 
Mrs.  Elinore  Engelberg 
Donald  C.  Farley,  Jr. 
Gertrude  Helen  Fay 
Helen  M.  Feeney 
Ellamae  Fehrer 
Zelma  Felten 
John  T.  Fesperman 
David  E.  Finley 
David  B.  Fitzgerald 
Sally  Flanagan 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Forell 
Norma  Foulger 
Ms.  Marquerite  E.  Fowle 
Cynthia  Fraser 
Robert  J.  Gardner 
Mrs.  Benjamin  J.  Garfunkel 
Paul  E.  Geier 
Mrs.  James  L.  Goodwin 
Alfred  M.  Granum 
Paula  S.  Greenman 
Dolores  Grieco 
Jean  Hakes 
G.  E.  Hall 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  E.  Harvey 
Mrs.  Helen  R.  Hollis 
Mrs.  W.  Douglas  Hopkins 
Dr.  Bruce  Howe 
Eleanore  G.  Jenks 
Capt.  E.  E.  Johnson 
Emily  W.  Jones 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  B.  Jones,  Jr. 
Carolyn  E.  Junkin 
Mrs.  Amanda  Bryan  Kane 
Mrs.  Andrew  S.  Keck 
Marian  Kirkland 
Mr.  David  Lloyd  Kreeger 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  F.  Lawrence 
Mary  Nelson  Lee 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Guy  Martin 
Dr.  John  Russell  Mason 


Hilda  M.  McDonell 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Russel  B.  McNeill 

Mrs.  Loudon  Mellen 

Mrs.  Garfield  M.  Miller 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Harmon  C.  Landesman 

Mrs.  Stephen  V.  C.  Morris 

William  B.  Morse 

Jane  H.  Mulry 

Marjorie  G.  Murphy 

M.  Claire  Murray 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  U.  Nef 

Ruth  C.  Nelson 

Sarah  L.  Nirenburg 

Mr.  Gerson  Nordlinger,  Jr. 

Dorah  D.  O'Neill 

Senator  Claiborne  Pell 

Lawrence  J.  Radice,  M.D. 

Mrs.  Josephine  C.  Rankin 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Dennis  Riegel 

Mary  Landon  Russell 

Jean  S.  Sayward 

Carl  H.  Schlapp,  Jr. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Janos  Scholz 

Merwyn  Schulman 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  J.  Schwab 

Malcolm  H.  Sherwood,  Jr. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  E.  Shultz 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Milton  L.  Shurr 

Mrs.  John  Farr  Simmons 

Frances  K.  Skeath 

Mrs.  Francis  A.  Smith 

Mrs.  Henry  P.  Smith  III 

Mrs.  J.  Russell  Smith 

W.  N.  Harrell  Smith 

Janet  W.  Solinger 

Davidson  Sommers 

Miss  Mildred  F.  Stone 

Juanita  M.  Sullivan 

Clara  J.  Swan 

Mrs.  Grant  E.  Syphers 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Curtis  Tarr 

Trinity  Episcopal  Church 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Clifford  Truesdell 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bronson  Tweedy 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  C.  F.  Tyner 

Mr.  David  W.  Wainhouse 

Miss  Lee  Walker 

Louise  Norris  Warkomski 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  W.  Warner 

Lillian  B.  Washburn 

Marian  S.  West 

Bonnie  E.  Williams 

Thomas  and  Barbara  Wolf 

Mr.  Herman  Wouk 


464  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Donors  to  the  National  Collections 

INDIVIDUALS 

Abbot,  Mrs.  Virginia  A.:  academic  gown,  cap  with  tassel,  4  hoods  (317863). 

Abel,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  F. :  pair  of  woman's  shoes,  1931  (316335). 

Abrahamson,  Ms.  Ada  and  Abrahamson,  Ms.  Grace:  brass  scarificator,  glass 
cup  for  bloodletting  (318916). 

Abrahamson,  Ms.  Grace  (see  Abrahamson,  Ms.  Ada). 

Abramson,  Dr.  Arthur  S.,  M.D. :  framed  copy  of  "Bill  of  Rights  for  the 
Disabled"  (306627). 

Adrosko,  Miss  Rita  J.:  Japanese  print  and  woven  silk  picture  (321742);  4 
Jacquard  silk  pictures,  coverlet,  shawl,  Japanese  silk  fabric,  7  pieces  of 
silk  fabric,  European  folk  textile  (321786). 

Ahlborn,  Richard  E.:  broadside  "Lost  on  the  Alviso  Road"  (315413);  copper 
plate  engraving  (316451). 

Albright,  Watson:  7  ambrotypes  (319024). 

Alcorn,  Elizabeth  L. :  woman's  cloak,  1760-1810  (316399). 

Anderson,  Mrs.  Anna  White:  woman's  nightgown,  1850-74,  in  memory  of 
Mary  B.  White  and  Bennett  S.  White  (314646). 

Anderson,  Mrs.  Clair:  glass  powder  horn,  in  memory  of  Mr.  Clair  A.  Ander- 
son (315369). 

Anderson,  David  R. :  photograph  of  the  Guiteau  jury  (317957). 

Anderson,  Robert  R.,  Captain,  U.S.  Army:  U.S.  Army  officer's  cap,  officer's 
cap  insignia  (317975). 

Andrews,  Norwood  H.  and  Fluid  Energy  Processing  and  Equipment  Co. 
(through  Edward  Van  Vliet) :  "Micronizer,"  with  accompanying  documenta- 
tion (319930). 

Anonymous:  2  girl's  petticoats,  girl's  crinoline  (319979). 

Anthony,  Mrs.  Wilhelmina  G.:  20  drafting  instruments  and  case  (317889). 

Armer,  Austin:  silk  on  linen  sampler,  1830  (315495). 

Arnot,  Dave  and  Arnot,  Mrs.  R.  E.:  earthenware  plate,  ca.  1905-10  (315470). 

Arnot,  Mrs.  R.  E.  (see  Arnot,  Dave). 

Ashbridge,  Col.  and  Mrs.  Whitney:  official  naval  letters  and  documents,  17 
U.S.  naval  uniform  items,  33  examples  of  fabric,  lace,  needlework  and 
patterns  (316364). 

Ashbridge,  Mrs.  Whitney  (see  Ashbridge,  Col.  and  Mrs.  Whitney). 

Ashburn,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Marvion  E.:  glass  jug,  4  glasses,  ca.  1876-80  (316490). 

Ayre,  Mrs.  Helen  C.  (Thomas,  Jr.):  34-star  U.S.  national  flag  (320792). 

Bagley,  Alice  Houghton:  woman's  dress,  pair  of  shoes,  ca.  1876  (316344). 

Ballard,  Ms.  Emily  Trent:  woman's  dress,  1946  (316341). 

Banford,  Raymond  E.:  2  clear  glass  paperweights  (316492). 

Barbaro,  Mrs.  Sophronia  Waesche:  pair  of  silk  stockings,  knitted  cap,  pair 
of  lady's  mitts,  knitted  scarf  (321749). 

Barone,  Miss  Josephine  A.:  woman's  hat  (316336). 

Bartlett,  Frederick  W. :  4  prints  from  pen  and  ink  drawings  (320841). 

Baskin,  Mrs.  Heidi:  5  foreign  coins,  2  foreign  medals  (320728). 

Bates,  Raymond  W. :  marching  compass,  ca.  World  War  I  (320824). 

Baudino,  Joseph  E.:  Thomas  Glo-discharge  mircophone  (314576). 

Baum,  Mrs.  Nathaly  C.  and  Chase,  Howard:  569  weathervane  molds;  11 
weathervanes,  reproductions  made  ca.  1954;  4  metal  silhouettes;  miscel- 
laneous fragments  of  molds;  archival  materials  pertaining  to  weathervanes 
(313781). 

Bazelon,  Bruce:  7  buttons,  pair  of  collar  insignia,  sample  insignia  box  (314653). 

Bean,  Albert  W.:  21  lantern  slides  (319866). 

Beary,  Mrs.  Donald  B.  (through  Mrs.  Fred  W.  Holt) :  woman's  parasol, 
1850-80   (316397). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  465 


Beeson,  Miss  Adeline  R. :   double  pages   from  Union  Furnace  account  book, 

March  10  and  July  25,  1812   (315372). 
Bell,  Benjamin  S.  and  Bell,  Josephine  T. :  C.  Baker  binocular  microscope  with 

accessories,  late  19th  century  (316408). 
Bell,  Josephine  T.  (see  Bell,  Benjamin  S.). 

Bender,  Leonard  F.,  M.D.:  Renulife  violet  ray  machine  (306394). 
Bender,  C.  O.  (see  Broadwater,  Marion  Viola,  Estate  of). 
Beran,  Delmar  L.  and  Beran,  Mrs.  Helen  Willophine:  William  Jennings  Bryan 

soap  doll  (320051). 
Beran,  Mrs.  Helen  Willophine  (see  Beran,  Delmar  L.). 
Berek,  Frank  J.:  coal  fork  (316367). 
Berkowitz,  Ms.  Francine  C. :   small  black  and  white  flag  with  peace  symbol 

(318993). 
Berlin,  Irving:  piano  bench,  sheet  music  for  211  compositions  (316357). 
Bernfeld,    Allan:    2    original    drawings    for    "Pogo,"    February    2,    1951    and 

April  22,  1953  (316348). 
Bignell,  Miss  Nancy  M. :  11  textile  fragments  (321779). 
Bimbra,    Mr.    and   Mrs.    Surindar   Singh:    42   lithographic    illustrations    from 

Puck  and  Judge  magazines  (316500). 
Blair,    Mrs.    William    McCormick,    Jr.:    embroidered    panel,    brocaded    panel 

(321719). 
Blom,  Christian:  group  of  8  obsolete  State  Bank  notes  (320784). 
Blystone,  Miss   Clara:   17  assorted  magazines,  articles,   pamphlets   regarding 

The  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  (319989). 
Boardman,  Richard  A.:  man's  dressing  gown,  ca.  1890  (313234). 
Bolduc,  Fr.  Hector  L. :  group  of  Umayyad  and  Abbasid  silver  coins  (320727). 
Borkowski,  Mrs.  Mary  K. :  bicentennial  quilt  (315365). 
Boyink,  Brent  A.  and  Boyink,  Elizabeth  A.:  bicentennial  quilt,  pillow  pattern 

and  skirt  (317913). 
Boyink,  Elizabeth  A.  (see  Boyink,  Brent  A.). 
Brachman,  Mrs.   A.  J.:   3  pairs  of  woman's   gloves,  pair   of  woman's   shoes, 

purse,  bathing  suit  (312467). 
Bradstock,  Frank:  master  drawing  of  U.  S.  Supreme  Court  Justice  John  Harlan 

(316469). 
Brastow,  Jerome  D.  and  Brastow,  Noreen  S.:  woman's  dress,  1810-29  (249830). 
Brastow,  Noreen  S.  (see  Brastow,  Jerome  D.). 

Breen,  Mrs.  Virginia  Wise:  pair  of  woman's  wedding  shoes,  1930  (316340). 
Breininger,    Mr.    and    Mrs.    Lester   P.,    Jr.:    3    pieces    of    glazed    earthenware 

(318974). 
Brennan,  Mary   S.   and  Brennan,   Robert  D.,  Sr. :   16-star  U.S.   national   flag 

(320757). 
Brennan,  Robert  D.,  Sr.  (see  Brennan,  Mary  S.). 
Brennecke,  Dr.  Frances:  Jacquard  single-woven  coverlet  (321743). 
Breyer,  Mrs.   Katherine  B.;   Byrd,  CDR  Richard  E.;   Clarke,  Mrs.   E.   Boiling 

Byrd;  Stabler,  Miss  Anne  and  Stabler,  David:  The  Richard  Evelyn  Byrd 

Collection  (320001). 
Brino,  Mrs.   Charlotte  M. :   2  Nazi  Germany  Air  Force  officer's  daggers,   ca. 

1937  (317864). 
Broadwater,  Marion  Viola,  Estate  of   (through  C.  O.  Bender) :   spice  cabinet, 

6  tintypes  (317833). 
Brody,  Irwin:  mannequin  display  form,  1937-39  (316450). 
Brown,  Mrs.  Alice  Warner:  man's  knickers,  ca.  1921  (309079). 
Brown,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Davis  S. :  11  clothing  and  accessory  items,  silk  skirt  panel, 

length  of  satin  (308314). 
Brown,  Edmund  L. :  early  19th  century  microscope  (317894). 


466  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Brownstein,  Herbert:  violetta  ray  device  (316471). 

Brush,  Charles   E. :   man's  tuxedo  and  vest,  1928;   2   hats,   1930s   and   1940s; 

6  shirts;  4  socks;  3  collars;  shirt  marker  (313038). 
Bryson,  Robert:  ceramic  bed  pan  (319935). 
Burris,  R.  Le  Gette:  21  medals  commemorating  presidents  and  other  American 

political  figures  (319909). 
Burrows,    Stephen    (through    Elsa    Klench) :    woman's    evening    gown,    1973 

(312915). 
Busignies,  Dr.  Henri  and  International  Telephone  &  Telegraph  Corp.  (through 

R.  V.  Araskog) :  radio  compass,  2  compass  indicators,  indicator  apparatus 

(319087). 
Butts,  Miss  Sarah,  A.:  English  earthenware  plate  (321723). 
Butz,  Timothy:  banner  concerning  the  Vietnam  War  (314684). 
Buyvid,  Mrs.  Gene  (see  also  Buyvid,  Geneva  and  Buyvid,  W.) :  3  U.  S.  Military 

Payment  Certificates,  2  foreign  bank  notes  (319089). 
Buyvid,  Geneva  and  Buyvid,  W. :  22  U.S.  Military  Payment  Certificates  and 

foreign  bank  notes  (319924). 
Buyvid,  W.  (see  Buyvid,  Geneva). 

Byrd,  CDR  Richard  E.  (see  Breyer,  Mrs.  Katherine  B.). 
Cady,  Dr.  Walter  G.,  17  crystals  (314600). 
Calkins,  Mrs.  Helen  E.:  hair  dryer  (307085). 
Campbell,  Ellen  J.:  man's  four-piece  suit  (316432). 
Cannizzaro,  Joseph  S.  (see  Hall,  Anna  E.,  Estate  of). 
Cannon,  Mrs.  Irene:  child's  festival  vest  (319007). 
Canole,  Joseph  F.,  Jr.:  reproduction  belt  plate,  "NY"  (321652). 
Caress,  Virginia  Bayard:   man's  vest,  woman's  bodice,  1839   (316400). 
Carmichael,   Pearl    Kidston    (Mrs.    Leonard):    English    tall    clock    (316402);    2 

compotes  made  from  the  Washington  Elm  (320013). 
Carson,  Mrs.  Miriam  H. :  christening  dress  (319963). 
Cassar,    Mrs.    Winifred    B.,    Jr.:    General    Electric    Telechron    electric    clock 

(318950). 
Chace,    Mrs.    Franklin    (Jeanetta) :    2    chairs,    2    hooks,    11    printed    fabrics, 

statuette,  lithograph,  scarf,  quilt,  bedspread  (317832). 
Chace,  Jeanetta  (see  Chace,  Mrs.  Franklin). 
Chaikind,  Mrs.  Hannah  K. :  flax  spinning  wheel  (321745). 
Chamberlin,  William  P.:  bridge  strut  (317989). 
Chambers,  Harry  C. :  Sangamo  electric  clock,  1924  (321626). 
Chapelle,    Howard    I.,    Estate    of    (through    Mrs.    Howard    I.    Chapelle) :    746 

ship  plans  (321633). 
Chapelle,  Mrs.  Howard  I.  (see  Chapelle,  Howard  I.,  Estate  of). 
Chapman,  Mrs.  Grosvenor:  girl's  dress,  1887-95  (310984). 
Charles,  Marion  Oates  Leiter  (Mrs.  Robert  H.) :  4  woman's  dresses,  woman's 

homewear,  ca.  1946-48  (316343). 
Chase,  Howard  (see  Baum,  Mrs.  Nathaly  C). 

Chase,  W.  T. :  Jacquard  woven  silk  picture  of  Chairman  Mao  (321748). 
Cherry,  Franklin  P.:  "Hello!  Democrats  1932"  and  "Hello!  Republicans  1932" 

buttons  (318000). 
Chubb,  Miss  Hazel  W.:  toy  Teddy  Bear  (319893). 

Clain-Stefanelli,  Mrs.  Elvira:  2  large  art  medals  used  as  New  Year  presenta- 
tion pieces  by  the  Director  of  the  Paris  Mint  (320718);  9  commemorative 

coins   of   the   Phillipines    (320719);   pair   of   dies   and   2   related   items   for: 

denarius    of    Emperor    Augustus    (320731),    denarius    of    Emperor    Trajan 

(320733),  aureus  with  portrait  of  Divus  Traianus  (320734),  denarius  bearing 

the  portrait  of  Matidia  (320735),  the  famous  dated  Roman  aureus  issued  by 

Hadrian  (320736). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  467 


Clain-Stefanelli,  Vladimir:  pair  of  dies  and  2  related  items  for:  aureus  showing 
a  portrait  of  Faustina  II  (320730),  denarius  of  Emperor  Trajan  (320732), 
aureus  bearing  the  portrait  of  Empress  Faustina  senior  (320737),  aureus  of 
Emperor  Caligula  ((320738),  aureus  of  Emperor  Augustus  (320739). 

Clark,  Mrs.  Doris  B. :  English  creamware  plate  (319888). 

Clark,  J.  Paul:  4  albums  of  railroad  passes  (321692). 

Clark,  Roy  Edward,  Jr.:  Bausch  and  Lomb  microscope  with  accessories 
(315329). 

Clarke,  Mrs.  E.  Boiling  Byrd  (see  Breyer,  Mrs.  Katherine  B.). 

Clarke,  Mrs.  Ellen  Lanham:  woman's  beach  pajamas,  woman's  scarf,  1929 
(313213). 

Collins,  Herbert  R. :  earthenware  jar  made  by  John  Bell  (317846);  Bulle 
French  electric  shelf  clock  (317985);  Victorian  clothes  tree  (319920); 
handkerchief  embroidered  "Many  Thanks-H.H.H."  (319990). 

Conger,  Dr.  Paul  S.:  6  medical  instruments,  in  memory  of  William  J.  Whiting 
(318999). 

Cooper,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sanford  L. :  fitted  scarf  and  box  (321785). 

Correia,  Miss  Patricia:  vase  and  paperweight  (319071). 

Corson,  Dorothy  M.,  Estate  of  (through  Robert  C.  Dysland  and  American 
Security  and  Trust  Company):  tall  clock  (317938). 

Councilor,  Mrs.  Harry  A.:  woman's  slip,  1939-47  (314644). 

Craig,  Mrs.  Miriam  B.:  earthenware  cup  and  saucer,  ca.  1874  (320055). 

Crawford,  Glenn:  Pelton  turbine  bucket  (320840). 

Crawford,  Jack  O.:  gold-headed  ebony  cane  presented  to  the  Hon.  M.  J. 
Crawford,  1858  (319936). 

Crays,  Mrs.  Marian  S.:  girl's  robe,  1840-70  (307804). 

Croston,  John:  Ebenezer  Hill  Epicycloidal-Hypocycloidal  Rotor  Pump  elements, 
ca.  1924,  2  descriptive  tapes   (319965). 

Cullum,  Ms.  Carole  A.:  American  battleship  flag  used  in  anti-war  demonstra- 
tions (314685),  8  Vietnam  protest  posters   (319867). 

Cunningham,  Miss  Cynthia:  "Famous"  Buttonhole  Worker  attachment  for 
sewing  machine,  ca.  1940  (319018). 

Curfman,  Dr.  R.  L. :  watch  fob,  in  memory  of  Lula  E.  Welborn  (317865). 

Curry,  Field:  3  telegraph  signs,  telegraph  wire,  telephone  wire  (318006). 

Curtin,  Michael,  Esq.  (see  Posf,  Marjorie  Merriweather,  Estate  of). 

Dahl,  Omar:  cap,  pair  of  breeches  (319890). 

Davis,  Miss  Rebecca  L.:  Taft  postcard,  U.S.  Capitol  postcard  (318958). 

Deane,  Marjorie  S. :  2  woman's  dresses,  pair  of  shoes,  pair  of  earrings 
(312919). 

de  Candel,  Geri  Delia  Rocca:  3  black  and  white  photographs   (320816). 

DeLand,  L.  Mason  and  DeLand,  Mrs.  Ruth  G.:  standard  sewing  machine 
(321746). 

DeLand,  Mrs.  Ruth  G.(  see  DeLand,  L.  Mason). 

Denn,  Paul:  man's  tuxedo  (309080). 

Dennison,  Charles  E.:  Hallicrafters  S-40  radio  receiver  (315488). 

DePauw,  Robert  C. :  Bicentennial  Lincoln  china  plate  (320799). 

de  Schweinitz,  Miss  Dorothea:  3  pieces  of  a  Silver-Lustre  tea  service,  ca. 
1810-25  (315465);  Jacquard  single-woven  coverlet  (319093). 

de  Zahara,  Betty  Byrne:  woman's  wrap,  woman's  hat,  1902  (313238). 

Dickes,  Mrs.  Martha  Strawbridge:  Jacquard  double-woven  coverlet,  1853 
(319019). 

Dickstein,  Barbara  and  Dickstein,  Sidney:  3  woman's  dresses,  pair  of  man's 
ski  boots,  man's  undershirt,  2  necklaces  (313216). 

Dickstein,  Sidney  (see  Dickstein,  Barbara). 

Dodd,  Professor  Laurence  E.:  camera,  tripod,  developing  tank,  filmpack  adap- 
tor, 3  printing  frames  (319882). 


468  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Doodeman,  Mrs.  George:  2  pairs  of  child's  stockings,  1933   (316339). 
Dougherty,  Mrs.  Gladys:  etching,  2  lithographs  (316527);  E.  Ingraham  &  Co. 

shelf  clock  (317951);  compote  with  lid,  2  decanters  with  stoppers  (320793). 
Downes,  Mrs.  Roberta  M.:  2  sets  of  wooden  lace  bobbins  (315494). 
Dring,  Mrs.  Winifred  Clark:  complete  set  of  baby  teeth  (316509). 
Dunn,  Mrs.  Roberta:  artillery  valise  saddle,  pair  of  Whitman  pattern  stirrups, 

ca.  1870  (318005). 
Durkee,  Miss  Irene  L.:  Maxim  electric  heater  (316507). 
Dyke,  Mrs.  Kathleen  R. :  9  objects  associated  with  the  candidacy  of  Clifford 

Alexander  for  Mayor  of  the  District  of  Columbia  (320803). 
Dysland,  Robert  C.  (see  Corson,  Dorothy  M.,  Estate  of). 
Eames,  James  H. :  27  drafting  instruments  (317888). 
Ebersole,  David  S.:  Australian  Ike  jacket,  1940's  (316436). 
Echols,   Elsie   Orr    (Mrs.    Stanley   B.) :    woman's   dress,   1935;    pair   of    shoes, 

1938  (316392). 
Eddy,  Jeanne  S.:  woman's  dress,  pair  of  woman's  shoes,  woman's  hat,  2  petti- 
coats, 1955  (312913). 
Ellenberger,  William  J.:  embroidered  silk  ribbon  (314601). 
Elliott,  Gene  T.  (see  Jacobi,  Anna  Manus,  Estate  of). 
Elliott,  Mrs.  Margaret  H. :  paisley  type  shawl  (319088);  applique  counterpane, 

19th  century  (319091). 
Elswit,  Jerome:  9  World  War  II  ration  tokens  and  stamps   (319016). 
Engle,  Lavinia  M. :  World  War  I  woman's  YMCA  canteen  uniform  (317850). 
Eppstein,  Victor:  man's  overcoat,  1948  (317883). 
Epstein,  Eleni:  woman's  poncho,  coat  (318939). 
Eskin,  Otho  Evans   and  Eskin,   Stanley:   2  Appalachian   dulcimers,   from   the 

Estate  of  Sam  Eskin  (317885). 
Eskin,  Stanley  (see  Eskin,  Otho  Evans). 
Espenschied,  Peter:  electric  dishwasher,  ca.  1910  (320002). 
Evans,  Paul:  9  pieces  of  American  art  pottery  (316415). 
Evins,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  S.  and  Evins,  Thomas  A.:  lady's   handwoven  kerchief 

(317936). 
Evins,  Thomas  A.  (see  Evins,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  S.). 
Fabian,  Monroe  H. :  piece  of  cotton  fabric  (321744). 
Farber,  Daniel:  2  portfolios  of  calotypes,  The  Photographic  Album  (319886); 

8  dye-transfer  color  photographic  prints  (319916). 
Fardwell,  Mrs.  Anne  M. :  silver  nutmeg  grater  (318975). 
Farwell,  Hermon  W.:  folding  rule  (319921). 

Fawcett,  Mrs.  Donna:  brick  made  in  Alexandria,  Virginia  (318973). 
Feldstein,  Albert  Louis:  30  buttons,  newspapers,  stickers,  brochures  (321648). 
Ferry,  Chamberlain:  pair  of  mechanical  telephones   (319945). 
Fischer,  John  A.,  M.D.:  man's  suit,  stockings  and  shoes,  1966-68  (314642). 
Fischer,  Miss  Katrina  Sigsbee:  oil  painting  of  Colin  Glencannon   by   Anton 

Otto  Fischer  (321676). 
Flanagan,  Ms.  Lucile:  political  tote  bag  (320868). 
Floyd,  Thomas  L. :   6  silver  medals   from   the   Indian  Tribal  Series,  Phoenix, 

Arizona  (319908). 
Fong,  Hon.  Hiram  L. :  campaign  button,  smoked  candy  dish  (316444). 
Forbes,  David  Ian:  stirrup  (316468). 
Foster,  Gilbert:  Garrard  turntable  and  automatic  record  changer,  ca.  1940-50 

(317948). 
Frank,  Mrs.  Margaret  C:  2  jackets,  skirt,  shirt  from  Woman's  Army  Corp. 

(317886). 
Freeman,  Ms.  Beth  K.:  striped  shawl  (321781). 

Frye,  Miss  Melinda  Y.:  star-shaped  torchlight,  19th  century  (319005). 
Fuller,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Daniel  B.:  7  fabrics  (320856). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  469 


Fullner,  Ms.  Wanda  Kay:  bumper  sticker  urging  passage  of  the  Washington 

state  equal  rights  amendment  to  the  state  constitution  (320050). 
Furlong,  Mrs.  Alice  E.:  manuscript  "Specimens  of  Dyeing"  by  Andrew  Find- 
ley  (317995). 
Gaines,    Mrs.    Carolyn    L. :    woman's    dress,    1948;    woman's    skirt,    1947-48 

(313301). 
Galanti,  Paul  J.:  pair  of  man's  shoes,  1961   (316381). 
Gatter,  Carl  W.:  2  bolts  (318972). 

Gaylord,  Miss  Helen  K. :  cut  glass  vase,  ca  1910  (316424). 
Gaynor,  Mrs.   Margaret   C. :  pen  used  by  President   Ford  to  sign  Bill  S.  907 

(317958). 
Gediman,  Mrs.  Eva:  man's  tuxedo,  man's  bowtie,  1948   (313302). 
Genson,  Clifford:  Mexican  Hacienda  copper  token  (320786). 
Geohegan,  William  E.:  2  railroad  lanterns,  ca.  1930  (321691). 
Gibbs,  Annete  J.:  dress  cutting  machine,  sleeve  system,  skirt  system,  children's 

system,  8  tools  (321639). 
Gignilliat,  Charles  N.,  Jr.:  Wheeler  &  Wilson  sewing  machine,  paper  receipt 

for  its  purchase  (321738). 
Ginsburg,    Mrs.    Benjamin    (Cora) :    4    woman's    dresses,    woman's    wrapper, 

woman's  cape  (308097);  pair  of  knitted  stockings,  7  knitted  doilies  (319012). 
Ginsburg,  Cora  (see  Ginsburg,  Mrs.  Benjamin). 

Glennon,  Ms.  Ann  E.:   13  objects  associated  with  the  Equal  Rights  Amend- 
ment (320804). 
Glover,  E.  Lee:  multi-flora  paperweight  vase  (319977). 
Goldsmith,  Mrs.  Gertrude  Maud:  tricolor  kinescope,  image  orthicon,  shadow 

mask  model,  RCA  prototype  radiola  receiver  (315406). 
Goldsmith,   Mrs.    Rae   K. :   linen   damask    tablecloth,  16   companion   napkins 

(319092). 
Goode,  James  N. :  deck  of  presidential  playing  cards  (319891). 
Gorman,  George  Edward:  7  compressed  plain  gauze  wound  dressing  packets, 

large  first  aid  dressing  (320768). 
Graglia,  Raymond  E.:  USN  enlisted  man's  dress  blue  uniform  (316386). 
Greenwell,  Mrs.  Beatrice  H. :  woman's  wrap,  1890-1900;   3  woman's  dresses 

(315487). 
Griffith,  Mrs.  Mary  S. :  6  fabric  samples  (321782). 
Groppenbacher,  George  E. :  woman's  petticoat,  ca.  1857   (313237) 
Guimaraes,   Ms.   Dona:   woman's   bustle,   ca.   1870-90;   2   woman's    slips,   ca. 

1950-59;  pair  of  woman's  trousers,  ca.  1970  (316431). 
Gullord,  Mrs.  Edward:  1876  souvenir  pail  (317830). 

Habeck,  Edgar,  M.D.:  collection  of  83  obstetrical  instruments    (316358). 
Hadley,  Mrs.  Hazel  Mason:   34  woman's  and  man's  clothing  and  accessory 

items  (309947). 
Hagglund,   Hudson:   tin   grapeshot   cannister   found   on   Continental   gondola 

Philadelphia  (319039). 
Hale,  Mrs.  Crescent  Porter  (see  Hale,  Mabel  E.). 
Hale,    Mabel    E.    (Mrs.    Crescent    Porter) :    Chinese    export    service    (partial) 

(319926). 
Hall,  Anna  E.,  Estate  of  (through  Joseph  S.  Cannizzaro  and  David  B.  Shapiro) : 

George  Washington  shoe  buckle   (320822). 
Hanley,  Mrs.  Hope  Anthony:   73  tools  for  textile  processing,  hat   stretcher 

(318965);  49  textile-related  objects  (321740). 
Harris,  Karyn  Jean:  3  woman's  dresses,  pair  of  shoes,  pair  of  shorts,  blouse, 

necklace  (313399). 
Harris,  R.  Winston:  4  wooden  souvenir  storecards  (320717). 
Harris,  U.  I.:  Fillmore-Donelson  banner  (319075). 


470  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Harrison,  H.  Lincoln:  street  railway  conductor's  uniform,  1926   (316480). 

Harrison,  R.  E.  W. :   surface  roughness  calibration  block   (320839). 

Harvey,  Bobbie:  "Dalton"  adding  machine  (317852). 

Haupt,  Mrs.  J.  Dudley  (see  Haupt,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  James). 

Haupt,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  James   (through  Mrs.  J.  Dudley  Haupt) :  fluting  iron,  set 

of  heater  rods  and  tongs  to  fluting  iron,  ca.  1875  (307536). 
Hayden,  William  DeG.,  M.D. :  inlaid  side  chair,   silver  serving  spoon,  table 

fork  and  fruit  compote  from  riverboat  ].  M.  White,  III  (321700). 
Hayes,  Ms.  Marjorie  G.:  Wedgewood  vase,  ca.  1870-1880  (315472). 
Hebert,  Raymond:  Nixon  button,  chain  with  3  medallions  connected  (319076). 
Hebert,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Raymond  J.:  74  Russian  paper  currencies   (320783). 
Helem,  Mrs.  H.  W.:  3  stereo  photographs  (320805). 

Helm,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John:   gas  cooking  stove,  hot  water  heater   (315333). 
Henry,  Stephen  M. :  CSA  reproduction  oval  belt  plate,  die  stamp  (320871). 
Herd,  Ms.  Janice  M. :  pillowcase  with  silver  photograph,  1865   (311458). 
Hermann,  Stanford  L.:  electrotherapeutic  treatment  kit,  6  electrodes  (316421). 
Hernandez-M,  William  J.:  19  newspapers  in  Spanish,  English,  and  Spanish- 
English  (319022). 
Hiltunen,  Mrs.  Eila:  bronze  plaquette  portraying  Mrs.  Henry  Ford  II  (320782). 
Hinners,   Capt.   &   Mrs.   Robert   A.:   early   20th   century   American   cut   glass 

bowl  (318946). 
Hochheimer,  Lawrence:  book  Genevieve,  by  Lamartine  (317969). 
Hodges,  Robert:  Ohio  River  Bank  one-hundred-dollar  fantasy  note,  June  15, 

1838  (319906). 
Hoge,  Julia  Ruark:  watch  with  chain  (319008). 

Hoke,  Donald:  watch,  Camden  &  Amboy  railroad,  ca.  1855  (321777). 
Hoke,  Robert  F.:  Peerless  light  bulb  (316498). 
Holden,  Mrs.  Georgia  Hough:  5  wrist  watches  (320838). 
Holstein,  Charles  B. :  proposed  one-cent  piece,  1974  (319094). 
Holt,  Mrs.  Fred  W.  (see  Beary,  Mrs.  Donald  B.). 
Holtzman,  Jon:  536  ancient  coins  from  Alexandria  (320709). 
Hopfer,  Mrs.   Westley  M. :   25   U.S.   and   foreign   police  and   fire   department 

badges  (320712). 
Horosian,    Rochambeau    A.:    plastic    cleaner's    bag    printed    with    red,    white 

and  blue  stripes  and  the  word  "VOTE"  (319004). 
Hotchkiss,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Kenneth  H.:  quilt,  2  photographs  (321747). 
Howard,  Mrs.  Pauline  C:  coiled  pine  needle  basket  (318985). 
Hurlburt,  Olive:  woman's  nightgown,  1858  (308057). 
Hurwitz,  Samuel  and  Hurwitz,  Sonia,  copper  cooking  pot  (316464). 
Hurwitz,  Sonia  (see  Hurwitz,  Samuel). 

Hut,  Robert  A.:  39  pieces  turn-of-the-century  art  pottery  (319030). 
Hutchins,  Mr.  &  Mrs.  Carlton  E. :  Frederick-town  Herald  newspaper  (319862). 
Irwin,  Mrs.  James  W. :  naval  midshipman's  dress  blue  uniform,  ca.   1950-52 

(315474). 
Jacobi,  Anna  Manus,  Estate  of   (through  Gene  T.  Elliott) :   silver  comb  and 

4  letters  of  documentation  (318996). 
Jaeschke,  Carl  H.:  36  U.S.  Bank  notes  and  scrip   (320711);  86  U.S.  checks 

with  vignettes  (320772);  61  U.S.  transportation  tokens   (320776);  347  U.S. 

tokens,    storecards    and    medals    (320777);    553    foreign    paper    currencies 

(320789). 
Johnson,  Kenneth  A.:  earthenware  platter  (321722). 
Johnson,   Ramsey  D.:   Renulife  ultra-violet   set,   in   the   name   of   Donald   E. 

Johnson  (315483). 
Jones,  Carroll  R. :  telephone  magneto,  telephone  transmitter/receiver  (315374). 
Jones,  David  DeLong  III:  English  porcelain  plate  (321778). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  471 


Jones,  Mrs.  Ellen  R. :  2  miniature  steam  engines  (319964). 

Jones,  Judith  Morrison:  pair  of  woman's  shoes  (316502). 

Jung,  Mrs.  Mary  B.:  two-piece  Chinese  outfit  (314676);  bamboo  bed  mat 
(315489). 

Jurman,  Charles  H.  (see  McCullum,  Maude  F.,  Estate  of). 

Kaplan,  Ms.  Shirlie:  The  Woman's  Bible  and  study  guide  (318998);  3  sweat- 
shirts, campaign  button  related  to  ERA  and  Shirley  Chisholm  (320010). 

Karickhoff,  Ms.  Sarah:  glass  sculpture  entitled  "Scepter"  (316457). 

Karl,  Ellery  F.:  50  cigar  box  labels  (321776). 

Karrick,  Mrs.  Elizabeth:  18  items  of  cut  and  enameled  glass  (319070). 

Kayaloff,  Jacques  (through  James  St.  L.  O'Toole  Assoc.) :  "LOGA"  calculator 
(316433). 

Keeney,  Miss  Dorothea  William:  1876  bookmark,  Stevengraph  (315341). 

Keffalas,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pete  J.,  and  sons:  calling  card;  beaded  purse,  ca. 
1860;  pair  of  gloves,  ca.  1850;  handkerchief  ring  (316482). 

Kilpatrick,  Norman  L.:   quilt,  18th  century  (168993). 

King,  Mrs.  Moya  B.:  2  woman's  corset  covers,  1890-1910  (307082). 

Klapthor,  Frank:  4  pairs  of  woman's  gloves,  13  pairs  of  woman's  stockings, 
3  artificial  flowers  (308313);  32  fragments  of  flag  bunting  (321739). 

Klench,  Elsa  (see  Burrows,  Stephen). 

Knowles,  James:   Steinite   spider   web   inductor   (312601). 

Kochevar,  Jean:  man's  tie,  1927-29  (316390). 

Kodros,  Craig  E.:  beehive  (320018). 

Koehler,  R.  B.:  State  of  Colorado,  Bureau  of  Mines  poster  with  signals  for 
mine  hoists  (321770). 

Kotrla,  Catherine  M.  and  Kotrla,  Capt.  Raymond  A.:  silver  presentation  model 
of  WSB  freighter  (321772). 

Kotrla,  Capt.  Raymond  A.  [see  Kotrla,  Catherine  M.). 

Koziana,  Anthony:  Anthony  Koziana  sculpture  of  American  house,  1975 
(319925). 

Koziana,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Anthony:  ceramic  sculpture  (318956). 

Kryzwicki,  Paul:  C.  G.  Conn  tuba,  ca.  1920  (317859). 

Kuchera,  Mrs.  Jennie  Yerick:  convention  badge,  1904  (313929). 

Kurtz,  Mrs.  Betty  O.  and  Ogletree,  Robert  Stuart:  ceramic  figure  of  a  lady 
(320802). 

Laird,  John  and  Laird,  Mrs.  Robbie  L. :  3  paperweights,  Persian  vase  (319978). 

Laird,  Mrs.  Robbie  L.  (see  Laird,  John). 

Lanahan,  Mrs.  Virginia  Manning:  silk  quilt  "Framed  Medallion"  (319017). 

Lancaster,  Mrs.  Caroline  E.:  U.S.  Marine  Corps  uniform  items,  World  War  I 
and  World  War  II  (316363). 

Landeau,  Miss  Elizabeth  N. :  album  of  27  photographs  of  laces  and  em- 
broideries (321787). 

Lashner,  Allan   N.:   U-beam,  ca.   1865,   bowstring   girder,   ca.    1860    (317949). 

Lauterbach,  Mrs.  Emma:  49-star  U.S.  national  flag  (316437). 

Layton,  Benjamin  T.,  LTC:  12  French  silver  medals  (319900);  12  assorted 
political  buttons  (319900);  84  foreign  silver  coins  (320723);  42  official  gilt 
bronze  presidential  miniature  medals  (320724);  5  U.  S.  silver  coins  (320729). 

Lehr,  Robert  A.,  Jr.:  Donamore  No.  1  typewriter  (317997). 

Leigh,  James  C.  and  Leigh,  Marion  M. :  629  Chinese  bank  notes,  bonds  and 
financial  documents  (320773). 

Leigh,  Marion  M.  (see  Leigh,  James  C). 

Leslie,  Mrs.  Anne  Washington:  pair  of  woman's  shoes,  1928  (316394). 

Levy,  Lester  S.:  2  Peruvian  ski  caps  (319052). 

Lewis,  Mrs.  Nau:  Daum  clear  glass  vase  (317924). 

Lincoln,  W.  B.,  Jr.:  8  fluting  irons  (307541). 

Lingle,  Mary  B.:  Steuben  glass  basket  (320003). 


472  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Long,  Mary  Vaill  (Mrs.  W.  H.):  87  clothing  and  household  articles,  turn  of 

the  century;   2   identification  tags,  one   1884;   belt  with  U.S.   and   foreign 

badges  and  insignia  (318024). 
Longworth,    Mrs.    Alice:    28    objects    associated   with    Alice    Longworth    and 

Theodore  Roosevelt  (319001). 
Looney,  Mrs.   Kathryn  A.:   centennial   souvenir  plaque   from  Memorial   Hall 

(316368). 
Louchheim,  Miss  Kathleen  S.:  43  political  campaign  objects  (320846). 
Love,   Ms.   LaVerne   M. :   delegate's   pin   to   the   International   Women's   Year 

Conference,  Mexico  City,  July  1975  (321680). 
Luckenbach,    Mrs.    Aurdey   J.;    Luckenbach,    Edgar    F.,    Ill    and   Luckenbach, 

Jason  A. :  model  of  iron  ship  Tillie  Starbuck,  in  memory  of  Edgar  F.  Lucken- 
bach, Jr.  (321713). 
Luckenbach,  Edgar  F.,  Ill  (see  Luckenbach,  Mrs.  Audrey  J.). 
Luckenbach,  Jason  A.  (see  Luckenbach,  Mrs.  Audrey  J.). 
Lyons,  Dorothy  M.  and  Lyons,  Mary  A.:  mouse  trap  (318955). 
Lyons,  Mary  A.  (see  Lyons,  Dorothy  M.). 
Machen,  Mrs.  Helen  L. :  hair  ornament,  woman's  comb,  1920-30;  woman's  fur 

collar,  1920-1929  (308293). 
Mahaney,  R.  Dan:  Hotchkiss  stapling  machine,  1896  (316375). 
Mancusi-Ungaro,  Dr.  Pier  L.:  G.  Boulitte  electrocardiogram  (315480). 
Mandel,  Rube:  collection  of  wood  type,  brass  Smith  "Safety"  fountain  brush 

(316360). 
Mangum,  Mrs.  James  E.:   cardboard  door  plate  belonging  to  Gen.   Pershing 

(320006). 
Manheim,  Ms.  Emily  M. :  40  piece  porcelain  tea  service,  ca.  1815-25  (315469). 
Martin,   Edward   E. :   framed   document;   black   derby   and   top   hat   worn   by 

Speaker  Joe  Martin;   gavel  presented  to  Joe  Martin;   The  Rhode  Islander 

newspaper,  Dec.  28,  1952  (317851). 
Marye,  William  B.:  silver  four  reales  struck  at  the  Mexico  City  Mint,  1739, 

in  the  name  of  Philip  V  of  Spain  (319913). 
Masland,   Emma  G.    (Mrs.   James   Gillinder):   21   items   of  Gillinder   glass;   4 

boxes  of  ledgers,  catalogs,  etc.;  drawing  of  Gillinder  &  Sons  Inc.  building; 

2  prints  of  buildings  in  Philadelphia   (320034). 
Masland,  Mrs.  James  Gillinder  (see  Masland,  Emma  G.). 
Mason,  Walter  L.,  Jr.:  9  financial  documents  (320722). 

Mayfield,  Miss  Marion  E.:  2  midshipman's  jackets  with  buttons   (317923). 
Mayo,  Ms.  Edith  P.:  4  issues  of  Akwesasne  Notes,  poster  (319000);  2  military 

pillow  cases  (319966);  2  programs  for  "Take  Off"  banquet  at  Washington 

Hilton  Hotel,  January  11,  1975,  2  photographs  of  Amelia  Earhart  and  Ruth 

Nchols  (320759). 
McAuliff,  John  F. :  4  Anti-Vietnam  War  protest  posters  and  a  bumper  sticker 

(319988). 
McCallum,  Maude  F.,  Estate  of  (through  Charles  H.  Jurman) :  pair  of  Chinese- 
export  porcelain  vases,  ca.  1850  (316479). 
McClung,  Virginia  H. :  man's  smoking  jacket,  ca.  1909  (314643). 
McCoy,  Leonard  O. :  electric  mangle,  ca.  1930  (319066). 
McGoldrick,    Mrs.    Helen    C. :    wax    bust    of    President    Garfield,    ca.    1880 

(318001);    "Little    Flower"    comic    book,    La    Guardia    for    Mayor    poster 

(319937). 
McLaughlin,  Hubert  D. :  4  taxi  tokens  issued  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts,   for 

senior  citizens,  1975  (319903). 
Meek,  Ms.  Eunice  Hawkins:  63  hand  tools  (320024). 
Meltzer,  Harvey  R.:  2  logarithmic  gears  (316351). 
Memmler,  Ruth  L.,  M.D. :  22  pamphlets,  magazines  and  bulletins  about  the 

National  Women's  Party   and  Equal   Rights   Amendment    (320821). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  473 


Merrill,  Dana  C. :  36-star  U.  S.  national  flag  with  three  stars  added  (316523). 
Metzenberg,  Helene  F. :  free  blown  glass  tumbler,  ca.  1775-85   (316491). 
Miles,  Mrs.   Alice  M. :   ceramic  ashtray,  2  ceramic  figurines,  19  trade   cards 

(314532);  2  World  War  I  patriotic  pillow  covers  (315344). 
Militello,  Daniel  H.:  4  subject  sheets  of  scrip  (319907). 
Miller,  Cindy   and  Miller,  Marian   P.  A.:   man's   sweater   (314645). 
Miller,  I.  Lee:  typewriter  ribbon  (321661). 
Miller,  Marian  P.  A.  (see  Miller,  Cindy). 
Misklea,  M.  Francis:  4  carrousel  horses,  sign  advertising  merry-go-rounds,  31 

miscellaneous  documents  (312369). 
Moebs,  T.  T. :  11  19th-century  Virginia  tobacco  advertisements  (321637). 
Mohamed,  Mrs.  H.  Ethel:  embroidered  panel  (321649). 
Molton,  Ben  S.:  view  camera  with  lens,  2  glass  plate  holders  (317993). 
Morgan,  Arthur  A.,  Jr.:  man's  suit  (316499). 
Moore,  Mrs.  Amantha:  postcard  in  glass  frame  (307135). 
Mougel,    Max:    6    etchings,    5    etched    copper    plates    by    Katherine    Merrill 

(315486). 
Murray,  Miss  Flora   M. :   18   uniform,  insignia  and   document  W.A.C.  items, 

post    World    War    II    (307403);    2   victory   buttons,    trylon    and    perisphere 

broach  (314614). 
Murray,    Mrs.    John    H. :    Sgraffito   plate,    20th-century;    milk    pan;    kerosene 

lamp  (316517);  feed  bag  (321717). 
Mustapha,    Jennie:    French    carriage    clock,    in    memory    of   Billie    Mustapha 

(319917). 
Nagel,  Lucie  O.  (Mrs.  Charles):  double-woven  Jacquard  coverlet  (321783). 
Nelson,  Peter  A.:  2  counterpanes  (320807). 
Nelson,  Mrs.  Ruth  S.:  book-shaped  box  (315411). 
Newman,  Harold  W. :  25  veilleuses  (319029). 
Nissley,  James   E.,  Sr.   and  Nissley,  William  J.,  Sr. :  vertical  steam  boiler,  2 

steam  engine  models  (320837). 
Nissley,  William  J.,  Sr.  (See  Nissley,  James  E.,  Sr.). 
Nix,  Mrs.  Elisebeth  Banks:  paisley  shawl  (321784). 
Norley,  Mrs.  Ruth  A.  and  Norley,  Walter  N.,  Jr. :  U.  S.  signal  binoculars,  12 

plates  of  Revolutionary  War  battle  maps  (317849). 
Norley,  Walter  N.,  Jr.  (see  Norley,  Mrs.  Ruth  A.). 
Norrish,  Vernon  M. :  electro-therapeutic  belt  (321662). 
Norton,  G.  H.:  oil  portrait  of  Sarah  Childress  Polk  (319878). 
O'Bert,  Ms.  Ruth  N.:  Washington  Women's  Cookbook  (320742). 
O'Connell,  Miss  Mary  A.:  17  woman's  clothing  and  accessory  items  (310534). 
O'Dell,  Betty  Young:  pair  of  woman's  shoes  and  bag,  1954  (316334). 
Ogletree,  Robert  Stuart  (see  Kurtz,  Mrs.  Betty  O.). 
Ohno,  Mitsugi:  commemorative  bicentennial  U.S.A.  glass  model  of  the  U.S. 

Capitol  (318981);  glass  Klein  bottle  (318982). 
Olson,  Ruth  E.   (Mrs.  Edwin  T.) :  woven  cotton  bedcover  (321741). 
Orso,  Leo:  2  cassette  tape  recordings  (316370). 
Owings,  Grace  S.:  3  girl's  dresses,  1882-88  (316401). 

Palmer,  Miss  Alma  E.:  refrigerator  car  model,  medal,  certificate   (321708). 
Panchard,  Marthe:  knitted  shawl  (317932). 
Parisi,  Joseph:  brass  bugle,  ca.  1860-1880  (318010). 

Parker,  William  A.:  English  pocket  watch,  bullet,  letter,  plan  (317987). 
Parks,  Mrs.  Lillian  R.:  2  dresses,  jacket  (321658). 
Pastuck,  Boris  "Buddy":  sheet  music  and  45  rpm  recording,  tribute  to  John 

F.  Kennedy  (317945). 
Patterson,  Mrs.  Jefferson:  set  of  20th  century  cotton  signal  flags  (316434). 
Pepple,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lamar:  Amberina  pitcher  (319889). 


474  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Perkins,   H.    Porter:   watch,   Japanese   sign  board   taken   from   Nagasaki   two 

weeks  after  Atomic  Bomb  explosion,  template  from  Nautilus  (316467). 
Perry,  Charles  L. :  52  World  War  II  shoulder  sleeve  insignia  (315375). 
Peters,  Herbert  L.:  fillister  plane  (320834). 
Petersilia,  Martin:  10  campaign  items  of  R.  F.  Kennedy,  Susan  B.  Anthony 

and  Goldwater/Miller  (314620);  anti- Vietnam  War  rally  poster  (318966). 
Pineau,  Roger:  Argus  Model  21  35mm  camera  (314580). 
Pons,  Gilbert  Hancock:  ship's  log  book  kept  by  Capt.  Samuel  Barron  USN, 

1851-1859  (316439). 
Poole,  Miss  Katherine  R. :  2  ambrotypes,  2  daguerreotypes,  tintype  (319885). 
Post,   Marjorie   Merriweather,   Mrs.,   Estate   of    (through  Michael   Curtin) :   2 

earthenware  plates,  ca.  1900   (317879). 
Potts,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack:  woven  coverlet  (319026). 
Potts,  Mrs.  Rhetta  S.  (see  Potts,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack). 
Pouquet,  Mrs.  Dorothy:  pair  of  woman's  gloves  (316406). 
Price,  Byron:  chair  used  by  donor  as  Ass't.  Secretary  General  of  the  United 

Nations  (316445);  mason's  trowel  used  in  cornerstone  ceremony  of  United 

Nations  headquarters,  October  24,  1949  (319868). 
Pritchard,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  R. :  sherds  excavated  at  the  Morgan  Jones  kiln 

site   (316374). 
Puttkammer,  Ernst  W. :  approximately  150,000  Imperial  German  and  German- 
related  postage  stamps  (319931). 
Quigley,  Mrs.  Dorothy  H. :  cashmere  shawl  given  to  Mary  Edwards  Walker, 

M.D.,  by  Queen  Victoria,  ca.  1867  (314683). 
Rauch,  Dorothy  Stater:  14  bookbinding  tools  (318027). 
Read,   Mrs.   Aldona   S.:    man's   waistcoat,   ca.    1770-1790    (316407);    collar,    2 

bonnets,  scarf,  pair  of  shoes,  bodice  (316452). 
Redefer,   Dr.    Frederick   L. :   patent   for   perpetual   motion   machine    (317916); 

indenture  for  perpetual  motion  machine,  1814  (320833). 
Reed,  Mrs.  Permelia  P.:  33  engravings,  lithographs,  halftones;  balance  sheet 

of  National  Hotel,  October  31,  1854  (316420). 
Reed,  Dr.  Theodore  H. :  bank  note,  silver  coin,  Brazil  (320785). 
Reinhardt,  Robert  C. :  man's  tennis  sweater,  ca.  1920  (316380). 
Richardson,  P.:  man's  shirt,  6  man's  ties  (314572). 
Rinsland,  George:  photograph  of  "Old  Abe,"  ca.  1876  (317838). 
Ripley,  S.  Dillon:  inaugural  license  plate,  Bicentennial  license  plate   (316417). 
Robbins,  Kenneth:  press,  watercolor,  etching,  dry  point,  4  prints  (320032). 
Robinson,  Edwin  K. :  crochet  hook   (321750). 
Robinson,  Mrs.  Margaret  S.;  Strater,  C.  Helme,  Jr.  and  Strater,  John  B.:   86 

pieces  of  Swiss  and  South  German  glass,  18th  and  19th  century  (320801). 
Rodgers,  Charles  T. :  2  South  American  bank  checks  (320713). 
Roshek,  John:  headboard,  bedspread,  2  pillow  covers  (319011). 
Rouse,  John  E.  and  Rouse,  Roma  M. :  6,000  photographs  of  cattle  (315421). 
Rouse,  Roma  M.  (see  Rouse,  John  E.). 
Rowe,   George:   dynamite   box,  blasting   cap   box,   dago   hammer,   drill   steels 

(315493). 
Rubel,  Beatrice:  woman's  dress,  suit  (308292). 
Rush,  Muriel  Bishop:  man's  vest,  ca.  1820-1840  (316393). 
Russel,  Miss  Mary  Jane:  3  baskets  (316516). 
Ryan,  J.  Vincent:  pair  of  man's  boots,  1929  (316395). 
Sakayan,  Harold  A.:  295  ancient  coins  and  medals  (319912). 
Salmon,  Adele:  man's  golfing  knickers,  ca.  1925   (309083). 
Saylor,  Miss  Jeri:  "Washington  Star,"  Sept.  5,  1975  (317872). 
Scarlett,  Albion  R.  and  Scarlett,  John  A.:  glass  vase  (316489). 
Scarlett,  John  A.  (see  Scarlett,  Albion  R.). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  475 


Schlitzer,    Helen   Henrich:   pair   of   woman's   boots,    spurs;    2   riding   habits, 

1920-1939   (316505). 
Schmidt,  Mrs.  Katharina  and  Schmidt,  Richard  H. :  Mennonite  wood  carving 

(320017). 
Schmidt,  Richard  H.  (see  Schmidt,  Mrs.  Katharina). 
Schulmerich,  George  J.:  2  DeForest  Audion  tubes   (314578). 
Schwartz,  Esther  and  Schwartz,  Samuel:  porcelain  cup  (220179). 
Schwartz,  Samuel  (see  Swartz,  Esther). 

Scott,  Andrew  R. :  4  ship  construction  notebooks,  1907-1913   (321677). 
Sears,  Gerald:  pair  of  earrings  (321614). 
Seiden,  Ms.  Marsha:  saluting  cannon   (316510). 
Seidman,  Sy:  parade  axe,  umbrella  (317873);  49-star  flag,  5  campaign  objects 

(318995);  6  bicentennial  neckties  (319871);  World  War  II  blackout  bandanna, 

prohibition  kerchief,  2  bicentennial  bandannas  (320758). 
Seineke,  Mrs.  Katherine  Wagner:  ledger  book  page  (316454). 
Semmes,  Margaret  J.:  woman's  dress,  ca.  1850  (316398). 
Shakow,  Dr.  David:  9  types  of  paper-pencil  test  files  (316371);  19  types  of 

psychological  tests  (316372). 
Shapiro,  David  B.  (see  Hall,  Anna  E.,  Estate  of). 
Sharrer,  Dr.  George  Terry:  11  stages  of  pencil  making  (320019). 
Shaw,  Glenn:  silver  teaspoon  (316463). 
Shoemaker,  Francis:  evening  dress  with  jacket  (316391). 

Showers,  Mrs.  Dorothy  A.  and  Showers,  Giles  M. :  circular  mill  saw  (320023). 
Showers,  Giles  M.  (see  Showers,  Mrs.  Dorothy  A.). 
Shure,  Jane  E.:  pair  of  skis  (313221). 

Singman,  David:  British  patent  to  Arthur  Wall  (321769). 
Skinner,  John  L. :   chicken  coop,   run,  cream  separator,  Beck  brooder  heater 

(320028). 
Skolnik,  Sorell:  woman's  coat,  1958  (316346). 

Smith,  Eleanor  H.  (Mrs.  Lawrence  M.  C.).:  emu  egg,  ca.  1876  (317983). 
Smith,  Helen  Belding  (Mrs.  Henry  P.,  Ill):  woman's  purse,  1900  (314651). 
Smith,  Miss  Margaret  R. :  teaspoon  (318983). 
Smith,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peter  H.  (see  Smith,  Peter  H.,  Jr.) 
Smith,  Peter  H.,  Jr.   (through  Mr.  and  Mrs.   Peter  H.  Smith) :   spring  lancet 

(316508). 
Smith,   Dr.   Richard  Henry   and  Zengel,  Mrs.   Marjorie   Smith:   46-star  U.S. 

national  flag  (316521). 
Smith,  Stanley  H.,  CW3:  pair  of  combat  boots  (315485). 
Smithers,  L.  E.:  metal  shears  (321624). 

Sneed,  Janet  R.  (through  Jimmy  Sneed) :  13  tools  and  small  indicators  (314531). 
Sneed,  Jimmy  (see  Sneed,  Janet  R.). 
Spelbring,   Anna    (Mrs.   Ernest   O'Dell)    (through   Miss   Mary   A.   Spelbring) : 

railroad  conductor's  uniform,  ca.  1950,  electric  lantern  (321812). 
Spelbring,  Miss  Mary  A.  (see  Spelbring,  Anna). 
Spencer,  Irma  B.:  pair  of  stockings  (313232). 

Spengler,  William  F.:  22  coins  of  Medieval  and  Islamic  India  (320726). 
Srebnik,  Charles:  pattern  silver  dime,  1869  (320714). 
Stabler,  Anne  B.  (see  Breyer,  Mrs.  Katherine  B.). 
Stabler,  David  (see  Breyer,  Mrs.  Katherine  B.). 
Stankard,  Martin  F. :  3  glass  paperweights  (320828). 
Steadry,  Frederick  A.:  15  photographs  (316419). 
Stevens,  Ames:  7  revolvers,  1860  (317939). 
Stevenson,  Hon.  Adlai,  III  (through  Lawrence  Towner) :  campaign  hat,  1892 

(317874). 
Stover,   Mrs.   Mary  Tyler;   Tyler,   Miss   Emily   T.    and  Tyler,   James   A.,   Jr.: 


476  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


2   pair   of   woman's    slippers,   single   slipper,    tote   bag,   man's   formal   and 

service  coats  (320008). 
Strater,  C.  Helme,  Jr.   (see  Robinson,  Margaret  S.). 
Strater,  John  B.  (see  Robinson,  Margaret  S.). 
Strauss,   Edith    and    Strauss,    Victor:    253    examples    of    silk    screen    printing 

(319038). 
Strauss,  Victor  (see  Strauss,  Edith). 

Sucher,  Florence  (Mrs.  Richard  C.) :  military  leggins,  hat,  pennant   (317934). 
Sullivan,  Mrs.  Charleen  Schuller:  set-up  for  knitting  machine   (321715). 
Sullivan,   Mr.    and    Mrs.    Gail   and   Sullivan,    Richard:    Berlin    work    picture, 

January  1,  1870  (316362). 
Sullivan,  Richard  (see  Sullivan,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Gail). 
Sunde,  Dr.  M.  L. :  humidity  measuring  device  for  incubators   (320027). 
Sutherland,  Mrs.  William:  2  bow  figures,  ca.  1755  (319027). 
Swanson,  Mrs.  Renee  and  Swanson,  Robert  W. :  political  poster  (319048). 
Swanson,  Robert  W.  (see  Swanson,  Mrs.  Renee). 
Swartz,  John  J.:  cap,  2  naval  uniforms,  1949-1953  (316476). 
Syz,  Dr.  Hans:  English  porcelain  cup,  saucer,  ca.  1800  (318931);  13  pieces  of 

early  Meissen  stoneware  and  porcelain   (319073);  Zurich  porcelain  saucer, 

ca.  1770  (319918). 
Tanruther,  Evelyn  (Mrs.  Edgar):  3  pair  of  woman's  shoes  (312495). 
Taveau,  Miss  Marie:  20  pieces  of  lace  (319013). 
Taylor,  Mrs.  Alice  O. :  pair  of  knitted  stockings  (317994). 
Taylor,  Lois  Dwight  Cole:  woman's  dress,  ca.  1875-1883  (316342). 
Thompson,  Glenn  H. :  7  fashion  plates  (308098). 

Tillstrom,  Marilee:  2  woman's  dresses,  bracelet,  panty  hose  (316466). 
Tinsley,  R.  Max:  strip  of  4  campaign  stamps  (315475). 
Tomchin,  Julian:  sweater,  pair  of  man's  shoes,  2  shirts  (311810). 
Torn,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lawrence  J.:  telephone  booth,  ca.  1880  (319067). 
Towner,  Lawrence  (see  Stevenson,  Hon.  Adlai,  III). 
Toye,  Richard  E.:  hat  (321663). 
Turner,  Lillian  and  Turner,  Milton:   9   contemporary   sulphide  paperweights 

(316460). 
Turner,  Milton  (see  Turner,  Lillian). 
Tydings,  Mrs.  Helen  W.  and  Tydings,  R.  Austin:  6  military  presentation  silver 

pieces  (319041). 
Tydings,  R.  Austin  (see  Tydings,  Mrs.  Helen  W.). 
Tyler,  Miss  Emily  T.  (see  Stover,  Mrs.  Mary  Tyler). 
Tyler,  James  A.,  Jr.  (see  Stover,  Mrs.  Mary  Tyler). 

Uebel,  Kay  Kerr:  woman's  dress,  panty  stockings,  pair  of  shoes  (312934). 
Uihlein,  Mrs.  Viola:  baby's  truss  (318979). 
Underwood,    Arthur    F.:    3    surface    roughness    calibrators    and    measuring 

instrument  (317988). 
Van  Deusen,  Mrs.   Cornelia  N.:  6  pieces  of  World  War  I  period  equipment 

(314599). 
Van  Doren,  Mrs.  Manie  A.  and  Van  Doren,  Peter,  Jr.:  26  costume  and  acces- 
sory items  (310516). 
Van  Doren,  Peter,  Jr.  (see  Van  Doren,  Mrs.  Manie  A.). 
Van  Vliet,  Edward  (see  Andrews,  Norwood  H.). 
Vaughan,  Mrs.  Eleanore  W. :  photograph,  2  pamphlets   (316369). 
Vaupel,  John  L.:  cruet  (320847). 

Vosloh,  Lynn  W. :  Equal  Rights  Amendment  pennant   (321681). 
Walker,  Mrs.  Sears:  picture  of  "suffrage  hen"  (315312). 
Wallace,  David  H.:  5  World  War  II  military  documents  (318025). 
Watkins,  Judith  Wood  (see  Watkins,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kennedy  C). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  477 


Watkins,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kennedy  C. :  quilt,  photograph  (315496). 

Watt,  Hugh  and  Watt,  Mrs.  Sally  J.:  9  political  campaign  and  5  Civil  War 

documents   (319074). 
Watt,  Mrs.  Sally  J.  (see  Watt,  Hugh). 
Weber,  Miss  Doris  Martha:  5  photographs  (321645). 

Weinberg,  Hanns:  Sevres  Ecuelle  cup,  saucer,  slop  basin,  vase  (319069). 
Weinberg,  Irvin:  dry  cell  Faradic  battery  (317862). 
Welch,  Mrs.  Frankie:  33  scarves  (318978). 
Welsh,  Peter:  engraving  (317840). 

Wengert,  Adam  and  Wengert,  Eve:  earthenware  plate  (319976). 
Wengert,  Eve  (see  Wengert,  Adam). 

Werner,  George  E.:  U.S.  Army  artillery  medallion  (320767). 
Weske,  John  S. :  calculator,  3  instruction  manuals,  invoice,  folder  of  instruc- 
tions  (318943). 
White,  John  H.,  Jr.:  electric  railway  headlight  (321709). 
Whitney,  Mrs.  Alan:  man's  dressing  gown,  in  memory  of  William  M.  Koszut 

(308198). 
Wiley,  Joseph  L. :  ballot  notice,  issue  sheet,  2  political  meeting  sheets  (320760). 
Will,  Martin  J.:  4  stoneware  mugs  (320830). 
Williams,  Mrs.  Jean:  3  pieces  of  earthenware   (319072);  earthenware  dinner 

plate,  small  plate,  saucer  (320031). 
Willner,  Mrs.  Vivien:  man's  shirt,  1935  (310073). 
Wilson,  Mrs.  Helen  Hay:  5  photographs  (319047). 
Wilson,  Rollin  L. :  formal  suit  with  accessories   (313401). 
Winkler,  Ms.  Catherine  C. :  German  Field  Marshal's  baton   (319919). 
Wolff,  Zachary  H.:  electric  stimulating  device  (318933). 
Wood,  Mrs.  Nancy  Bissell:  8  clothing  and  accessory  items  (307572). 
Wood,  Peggy:  mimeograph  (317950). 
Woodard,  Hon.  B.  T. :  7  campaign  items  (314619). 
Woodruff,    R.    W. :    photograph    of    Japanese    surrender    September    2,    1945 

(313293). 
Woodward,  Mrs.  Stanley  (Sarah  R.) :  man's  cloak,  ca.  1918-1940   (308570). 
Woolbright,  W.  Edward,  Jr. :  3  woman's  hats,  2  headpieces,  2  pairs  of  shoes, 

1940-1950,  in  memory  of  Kathleen  Sultan  Woolbright  (316338). 
Wylie,  Mrs.  J.:  French  Atlantic  cable  sample,  1869  (316332). 
Wynyard,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Martin:  40  pieces  of  18th-century  English  porcelain 

(319873). 
Zamoiski,    Caiman,    Jr.    and    Zamoiski,    Ellen:    English    earthenware    pitcher 

(315473). 
Zamoiski,  Ellen  (see  Zamoiski,  Caiman,  Jr.). 
Zeitlin,   Charlotte   and   Zeitlin,   David  E.:   12   pieces   of   English   pottery   and 

porcelain  (316416). 
Zeitlin,  David  E.  (see  Zeitlin,  Charlotte). 
Zengel,   Mrs.   Marjorie  Smith   and   Smith,  Dr.   Richard   Henry:   46-star  U.  S. 

national  flag  (316521). 
Zengel,  Dr.  Richard  Henry  (see  Zengel,  Mrs.  Marjorie  Smith). 

Donors  to  the  National  Collections 

INSTITUTIONAL 

A.  Philip  Randolph  Institute  (through  Bayard  Rustin) :  2  programs,  4  final 
plans,  3  calls  to  march,  4  color  slides  for  March  on  Washington  (321638). 

Adler  Business  Machines,  Inc.  (through  Frederick  W.  Haussman) :  portable 
typewriter  (320842). 

Adolfo,  Inc.  (through  Adolf  Sardina) :  woman's  blouse,  scarf,  handbag, 
2  suits,  1974;  evening  dress,  1970  (312917). 


478  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


After  Six,  Inc.  (through  Bernard  Toll):  man's  shirt,  tie,  3  tuxedos  (310305). 
Agriculture,   U.S.   Department    of:    Agricultural   Research   Service:   3   micro- 
scopes with  cases  and  accessories  (315328). 
Alabama,  The  University  of:  Department  of  Physics  (through  Dr.  Robert  N. 

Whitehurst) :  telescope,  19th  century;  2  wave  demonstration  apparatus,  ca. 

1900;    Spanish    sextant,    19th    century;    vacuum    gap    apparatus,    ca.    1900; 

centrifugal  force  demonstration  apparatus,  19th  century  (317854). 
Albrecht  Grocery,  The  Fred  W.   (through  Richard  J.  Cook) :  5  one-cent  scrip 

certificates,  1974   (320715). 
American    Airlines,    Inc.    (through    David    B.    Bateman) :    B-727    wall    panel 

(321668). 
American  Bisque  Porcelains,  Inc.   (through  Florence  Schwartz) :  commemora- 
tive porcelain  plate  (316488). 
American  Medical  Women's  Association  (through  Carolyn  S.  Pincock,  M.D.) : 

11  dolls  (317868). 
American    Pharmaceutical   Association    (through   George   Griffenhagen) :    126 

pharmaceutical  antiques  (321641). 
American    Polygraph    Association    (through    Walter    Atwood    and    Raymond 

J.  Weir):  5  polygraphs  (321642). 
Australia,  Reserve  Bank  of:  50-dollar  note  (320716). 
Baldwin-Hamilton    Co.    (through    Henry    A.    Rentschler) :    14,000    mechanical 

drawings  (316366);  4  books  (321693). 
Baltimore  Gas  and  Electric  Co.  (through  A.  A.  Lehmann) :  girder,  2  columnar 

units  (321631). 
Banff  Centre,  The:  Theatre  Complex   (through  Mr.   Laszlo  Funtek) :   pair  of 

woman's  shoes,  1935-1949  (316347). 
Bayh  in  '76,  Birch  Committee  for  (through  Ms.  Georgia  A.  Niedziecko) :  31 

political  campaign  objects  (320682). 
Bedford  Minuteman  Co.:  replica  Bedford  flag  (317933). 
Bentsen   in   '76   Committee   (through   Larry   Letscher) :   14   political   campaign 

objects  (320746). 
Bethlehem    Steel    Corp.    (through   J.    G.   White,   Jr.):    3    railroad   lock    spikes 

(321710). 
Bowne  and  Company  (through  Edmund  A.  Stanley) :  bronze  commemorative 

medal  (319905). 
Brazil:    Banco    Central    de   Brasil:    10-cruzeiros    commemorative    silver    coin, 

1975  (317857). 
Britches  of  Georgetown:  pair  of  man's  shoes,  1974  (312916). 
Butterick    (through    Ms.    Judy    Raymond) :    woman's    dress,    ca.    1973-1974 

(310304). 
Byrd  for  President  Committee,  Robert  C.  (through  Ms.  Barbara  Kappalman) : 

23  political  campaign  objects  (320052). 
Calaval   Archeological   Research    (through   John   LaBarte) :    suspender    buckle 

(313803). 
Canada,  Bank  of:  Department  of  Administrative  Operations:  two-dollar  bank 

note,  1974  (317858);  50-dollar  bank  note,  1975  (319897). 
Canada:  Edmonton,  Alberta  Parks  and  Recreation   (through  J.  Boddington) : 

bronze  commemorative  medal,  1974  (319901). 
Capezio    Ballet    Makers    (thrugh    "Mr.    Capezio,"    Ben    Sommers) :    pair    of 

woman's  ballet   shoes,  1974   (315477). 
Carborundum    Museum   of    Ceramics,   The    (through   James    R.    Mitchell) :    5 

pieces  of  bone  china,  ca.  1973-1975  (315471). 
Carlisle  Colonial  Minute  Men   (through  Lt.   Robert   R.  Heath) :   a   silver   and 

a  bronze  commemorative  medal  (319904). 
Carpet    City,    Inc.    (through    Sander    Davidson) :    bicentennial    heirloom    rug 

(319869). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  479 


Cassini,    Inc.,    Oleg    (through    Melvyn    Sotto) :    woman's    evening    dress,    ca. 

1961-1970  (308346). 
Catholic  Art  Guild,  The   (through  Theodore  A.  Parent) :   silver  St.   Benedict 

Anti-Satan  medal  (320781). 
CIRA  (through  John  Kloss) :  woman's  nightgown,  2  robes,  1973   (310284). 
City  of  Hope  National  Medical   Center    (through   Melville   L.   Jacobs,   M.D., 

and  Robert  M.  Sloane) :  cobalt  60  tele-theraphy  unit  (316410). 
Columbia    University:    Department    of    Civil    Engineering    and    Engineering 

Mechanics   (through  Dr.  Wesley  J.  Hennessy  and  Dr.  Ralph  J.  Schwarz) : 

collection    of    9    surveying    apparatus    (317998).    Henry    Krumb    School    of 

Mines  (through  Dr.  Ralph  J.  Schwarz):  arithmometer  (318961). 
Conduit   and   Foundation   Corporation    (through   Leopold   Neiman) :    7    joints 

from  Girard  Avenue  Bridge,  1873  (317990). 
Cornell    University:    Psychology    Department    (through    Dr.    Harry    Levin): 

motion-picture  camera,  162  psychological  instruments  (300427). 
Cornwell  Investment  Company  (through  John  H.  Cornwell) :  rim  lock  (317986). 
Crystal,    David    (through    Ms.    Michele    Abruzzo) :    woman's    evening    gown, 

1974;  2  dresses,  1968  (310281). 
Defense,  U.  S.  Department  of:  2  army  scarves   (321647);  Department  of  the 

Army:  2  army  shirts  (316438). 
Denmark:  Denmarks  Nationalbank:  500-Kroner  bank  note  (310286). 
D.  C.  Transit,  Inc.  (through  O.  Roy  Chalk):  locomotive,  1876;  electric  street 

car,  1898;  street  car  trailer,  1892  (252681). 
Doulton   and   Company   (through  E.   T.    Catlett,  Jr.) :   4   bone   china  military 

figures  (317943). 
DuPont  de  Nemours   &   Co.,  E.   I.    (through  Helen   Gray) :   man's   suit,   1972 

(313222). 
Environmental  Action,   Inc.    (through  Philip  Michael) :   poster   and  packet  of 

Environmental  Action  material  (319894). 
Everest  &  Jennings,  Inc.:  power-driven  wheelchair  (316359). 
Evins  Sales  (through  David  Evins) :  pair  of  woman's  shoes,  1974  (312914). 
Facit-Addo,  Inc.  (through  Douglas  H.  Emore) :  portable  typewriter  (321627). 
Federal  Intermediate  Credit  Bank  of  St.  Paul  (through  Fred  P.  Boeshans  and 

Howard   C.    Richards) :    World  Dairy   Expo   film,   on   behalf   of  Production 

Credit  Associations  of  the  Seventh  Farm  Credit  District  (320016). 
Feldman's,  Inc.  (through  Solomon  Feldman) :  calculator  (316382). 
Floxite  Company,  Inc.  through  J.  Stuart  Fleming) :  magnifying  mirror,  mirror 

lamp  set,  mirror  set  with  flash  light  (316472). 
Fluid  Energy  Processing  Equipment  Co.   (see  Andrews,  Norwood  H.). 
Ford    Committee,   The   President    (through    John    T.    Whitaker) :    23    political 

campaign  objects  (320745). 
Friends    Meeting    of    Washington     (through    Ms.    Sue    Swisher) :    calculator 

(314611). 
Gernreich,    Inc.,    Rudi    (through    Gernreich) :   woman's    knit    dress,    matching 

stockings,  1965  (313227). 
Grand    Lodge    of    Ancient    Free    and    Accepted    Masons    of    Maryland,    The 

(through    J.    Thomas    Middleton);     bronze    commemorative    medal,    1976 

(320787). 
Graphic    Representatives    (through   Valarie    Fedele) :    serigraph    (318020). 
Holy    Cross    Church:    paten,    baldachin,    chalice,    altar    frontal,    2    pieces    of 

stained  glass  (314681). 
Honeywell  Photographic  Products  (through  Robert  L.  Pennock,  Jr.) :  7  strobo- 

nar  electronic  flash  units   (320825). 
International  Telephone  &  Telegraph  Corp.   (see  Busignies,  Dr.  Henri). 
Jantzen,  Inc.  (through  Donald  L.  Smith) :  man's  sweater,  woman's  swim  suit, 

2  boy's  swim  suits  (316473). 


480  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Japan,  The  Bank  of:  2  commemorative  100-yen  pieces   (319898). 

Johnson    Company,    E.    F.    (through    John    W.    Krueger) :    Messenger    I    and 

Messenger  III  transreceivers  (316477). 
Kimberly  Knitwear,  Inc.:  2  woman's  pant  suits,  blouse   (312932). 
Klein   and   Company,   Anne    (through   M.   N.    Rubinstein) :    woman's   4-piece 

suit,  gown  (312918). 
Klein,  Calvin:  9  pieces  woman's  clothing  and  accessories  (313219). 
Lane  Bryant  (through  Robin  Powers) :  lounging  pajamas,  1973   (316512). 
Leiber,  Inc.,  Judith:  19  woman's  bags;  5  design  objects  (313220). 
Lenox,    Incorporated    (through    Robert    J.    Sullivan);    porcelain    plate,    1975 

(316423). 
Levi   Strauss   and   Co.    (through    Bud   Johns):    woman's    shirt,   pants,   jacket; 

man's  trousers,  pants,  jacket,  shirt  (313224). 
Library   of   Congress:   Processing  Department:   replica   of  "Hona"   gold   coin 

of  Chhatrapati  Shivaji  Maharaj  (320788). 
Lifwynn   Foundation,   The    (through   Dr.   Hans    Syz) :    eye-movement   camera 

system  with  blueprints  and  accessories  (316465). 
Marion  Health  and  Safety,  Inc.  (through  Michael  Henderson) :  pressure  dress- 
ing unit,  5  first-aid  kits,  medical  oxygen  cylinder,  Marion  ventilator  with 

soft  case,  sting  kill  swabs  (316526). 
Medallic  Art  Company:  4  Gerald  Ford  Inaugural  medals   (319090);   (through 

William  T.  Louth):  3  Nelson  A.  Rockefeller  Inaugural  medals  (319899). 
Merrimac  Valley  Textile  Museum:  electrostatic  machine  (314579). 
Metropolitan    Rare    Coin    Exchange,    Inc.    (through    Robert    Leon    Hughes); 

2,449  foreign  coins  struck  at  the  U.S.  Mint  (319911). 
Micrometrology    Laboratories    (through   Ralph   W.    McNeely) :   microfilm    clip 

of  Bible  (321660). 
Milwaukee  Sentinel:  Washington  Bureau  (through  Richard  Bradee) :  Milwau- 
kee Sentinel,  April  7,  1976  (320872). 
Montgomery  Ward  Co.,  Inc.  (through  Victor  G.  Morris  and  Patrick  J.  Head): 

woman's  cape,  ca.  1885-1905  (316511).  General  Office  (through  A.  V.  Dapo- 

lito):  girl's  dress,  boy's  suit,  1975  (317880). 
Morrison  Paper  and  Office  Supply   (through  Joseph  Sitnek) :  box   of  staples 

(321696). 
National   Geographic   Society,   The    (through   Milton   A.    Ford) :    Finaly   plate 

holder  (320770). 
National  Organization  for  Women   (through  Lenore  Downie  and  Georgiana 

Schneider):  4  posters  (320870). 
National    Trust    for    Historic    Preservation    (through    Roland    E.    Kuniholm) : 

5  decorated  Porcelaine  de  Paris  boxes,  1975  (316520). 
NELCO  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  Inc.  (through  Harry  Luel) :  bicentennial  NELCO 

sewing  machine  (321655). 
New  Jersey  Institute  of  Technology  (through  William  Hazell) :  marsto-chron, 

microchronometer,  3  McCaskey  production  planning  boards  (317996);  Robert 

W.  Van  Houten  Library  (through  Morton  Snowhite) :  2  stereo  slide  viewers, 

2250  stereo  slides  (318949). 
New   Zealand,   The    Embassy   of:   1973   proof   set    of   7   New   Zealand   coins 

(320721). 
Norell,    Inc.,    Norman    (through   Gustave   Tassell) :    woman's    evening    dress, 

1972,  in  memory  of  Norman  Norell  (310308). 
Nova  Coin  and  Stamp  Shop   (through  W.  L.  Mason,  Jr.) :  19  imitation  U.  S. 

Colonial  pieces  and  Civil  War  tokens  (319902). 
Olivetti  Corp.   of  America   (through  Gil  Wintering) :   Olivetti  portable   type- 
writer, 1975  (320836). 
Olympia  USA,  Inc.  (through  C.  T.  Fatta) :  Olympia  portable  typewriter,  1975 

(320835). 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  481 


Pennsylvania  Academy  of  the  Fine  Arts  (through  Richard  J.  Boyle) :  3  steam 

radiators  (321632). 
Pfaff   American   Sales    Corp.    (through   Siegfried   Brunner) :    sewing    machine 

with  carrying  case  (321654). 
Pioneer  Hi-Breed  International,  Inc.   (through  Thomas   W.   Ishler) :   2  shocks 

of  Reid's  yellow  dent  corn  (320025). 
Postal  Service,  U.  S.   (through  Thomas  E.  Henry) :  2  U.  S.  National  zip  code 

directories  (321672). 
Presidential   Art    Medals,   Inc.    (through   R.   James    Harper) :    2    silver    and   3 

bronze  commemorative  medals  (319910). 
Prestige  Sportswear  (through  Warren  Presson) :  woman's   long  skirt,  blazer, 

slacks,  vest,  1974  (313225). 
Pullman  Incorporated  (through  Richard  B.  Griffin,  Jr.):  panel  from  Pullman 

Parlor  Car  Falka,  1900  (322646). 
Radcliffe  College:  Arthur  and  Elizabeth  Schlesinger  Library  on  the  History 

of  Women  in  America,  The  (through  Eva  Mosely  and  Patricia  M.  King) : 

9  Jeannette  Rankin  objects  (321683). 
Railway  &  Locomotive  Historical  Society  (through  Howard  F.  Greene) :  water 

kettle,  ticket   box,   builder's   plate,  dinner   pail,   draft   gear,   platform    sign, 

car  lamp  (321689). 
RCA-Consumer   Electronics    (through    Frank    McCann) :    color    television    set 

(315490). 
Reagan,   Citizens   for    (through   Loren   A.   Smith   and   Ms.   Patti   O'Connor) : 

13  political  campaign  objects,  1976  (320823). 
Riccar  America  Company  (through  T.  R.  Elliott):  sewing  machine  (321775). 
Robert,  Inc.,  Samuel   (through  Samuel  Robert) :  woman's  pant  suit,  ca.  1974 

(313228). 
Royal  Typewriter  Co.  (through  Ms.  Susanne  R.  Moline) :  Royal  portable  type- 
writer (321628). 
Salem    China   Company,   The    (through   Harrison   Keller) :    bicentennial   bone 

china  cup  (320829). 
Sandwich  Historical  Society,  Trustees  of  the  (through  Ms.  Nancy  O.  Merrill) : 

amethyst  "berry  bowl,"  1975  (320800). 
Shatas  &  Co.,  W.  J.   (through  W.  J.  Shatas  and  Otto  Shatas) :  541  campaign 

buttons  (321694). 
Shriver  for  President  Committee  (through  Dorothy  W.  Patch  and  Larry  Sappy) : 

47  political  campaign  objects,  1976  (320794). 
Silverman,  Jerry  (through  Jerome  Silverman):  woman's  dress,  1974  (310309). 
Simpson,  Adele:  3  woman's  dresses  (310282). 
Singer    Company,   The    (through   Edwin   J.    Graff) :    sewing   machine,   replica 

shipping  box/machine  stand  (321630). 
Society  of   Medalists   (through  Mrs.   Louise   Mary  Cram) :   3  bronze   medals 

(320725). 
South  African  Mint,  The:  silver  one-rand  proof  coin,  1974  (320720). 
Sperry   Rand   Corporation:    Sperry   Remington    (through   D.   P.    Sheridan):   7 

typewriters  (320831). 
Sport,    J.    L.,    Ltd.    (through    Herbert    Kasper) :    woman's    cape,    coat,    shoes, 

trousers,  neckwear,  blouse,  hat,  sweater  vest,  1974  (312933). 
Stack's:   355    ancient    Greek   coins    from   Asia   Minor    (320696);    336   ancient 

Greek  coins  from  Asia  Minor  (320697);  372  ancient  Greek  coins   (320698); 

404  ancient  Greek  coins  (320699);  363  ancient  Greek  coins  from  Asia  Minor 

(320700);    584    ancient    Greek    coins     (320701);    423    ancient    Greek    coins 

(320702);    300    ancient    Greek    coins    (320703);    396    ancient    Greek    coins 

(320704);  107  Spanish-American  silver  coins  (320710). 


482  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Stephenson  Blake  &  Co.  Ltd.  (through  J.  B.  Blake) :  sample  carbon  steel, 
3  gauges  (319068). 

Thomson  Automatics,  Inc.  (through  Samuel  G.  Thomson,  Jr.) :  tape-controlled 
lathe  (320832). 

Trigere,  Inc.  (through  Miss  Pauline  Trigere) :  2  coats,  2  dresses,  cape,  jump- 
suit (312887). 

Udall  '76  Committee  (through  Larry  M.  Dinger) :  7  political  campaign  objects, 
1976  (320681). 

Viking  Sewing  Machine  Co.,  Inc.  (through  E.  E.  Schottelkorb) :  sewing  machine 
(321718). 

Washington  Fashion  Group,  The  (through  Ms.  Ruey  Messenger) :  142  cloth- 
ing and  accessory  items  (310259). 

Washington  State  Women's  Political  Caucus  (through  Barbara  C.  Early) : 
cook  book,  flyers,  political  button,  tear  sheets   (320869). 

Weitz  Designs,  John  (through  John  Weitz) :  man's  suit,  sweater,  belt,  1972 
315478). 

West  End  Lion's  Club:  2-room  German  house  (312496). 

Western  Union  Corporation  (through  James  H.  Foster) :  teleprinter,  telegraph 
tape,  telegraph  printout  (316350). 

White  Sewing  Machine  Company  (through  Mrs.  Bertha  Gold) :  White  sewing 
machine,  Elna  sewing  machine  (321629). 

Women  Strike  for  Peace  (through  Ms.  Edith  Villastrigo) :  poster   (318994). 


NATIONAL  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 


Donors  of  Financial  and  Other  Support 


Association  of  American  Foreign 

Service  Women 
Daniel  Boorstin 
Mrs.  Bella  Fishko 
Mrs.  Halleck  Lefferts 


Martin  Peretz 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Herbert  Salzman 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Leonard  Silverstein 
Mrs.  Robert  van  Roijen 


Donors  to  the  Collection 


Archives  of  American  Art 

The  Family  of  Mrs.  D.  Newton  Barney 

(Miss  Porter's  School,  Class  of 

1880) 
The  Barra  Foundation 
Anton  A.  Benson 
Barry  Bingham,  Sr. 
Dr.  Thomas  F.  Conroy 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Nathan  Cummings 
Mrs.  Jean  Douglas 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society  of 

the  United  States 
Furman  J.  Finck 

Firestone  Tire  and  Rubber  Company 
Ring  Lardner,  Jr. 
Alexander  Lieberman 
Katie  Louchheim 


William  Louchheim 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Jack  H.  Mooney 

Susan  Norton 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Meyer  Potamkin 

Louise  Belden  Prugh 

Mrs.  J.  Besson  Rudolphy 

Marvin  S.  Sadik 

John  M.  Schiff 

Edith  Cole  Silberstein 

The  Singer  Company 

Mrs.  Lawrence  M.  C.  Smith 

The  Charles  E.  Smith  Family 

Foundation 
Henry  B.  Wallace 
Robert  Wallace 
Robert  Penn  Warren 
Frederick  Wight 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  483 


MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 

OFFICE  OF  HORTICULTURE 

Donors  of  Financial  Support 

James  R.  Buckler 

Evergreen  Garden  Club 

Warrenton  Garden  Club 

Women's  Committee  of  the  Smithsonian  Associates 

Donors  to  the  Collections 

State  of  Alaska:  2  Picea  sitchensis. 

Campbell,  William:  Hedera  helix  'Digitata. 

Bisbee  Green  Nursery:  Agave  huachucensis  and  2  Agave  arizonica. 

Blank,  Frederic:  1  Patycerium  bifurcatum. 

Brookside  Botanic  Garden:  Cuttings  of  Bougainvillea  'Harrisii',  Brenea  nivosa, 

Gardenia  radicans,  Hedera  helix,  Impatiens  repens,  Lantana  cv.,  Neomarica 

northiana  cv. 
Councilor,  Mrs.  Mildred:  2  Lanatana  camara  and  2  Spathiphyllum  sp. 
Desautels,  Paul:  Epilaelia  'Red  Star',  Vonda  tricolor,  Miltassia  'Charles  M. 

Fitch',  Miltonia  x  Brassia,  Cymbidium  Little  Black  Sambo  'Black  Magic/ 

Miltassia    'Mardi    Gras',     Odontoglossum    pulchellum    majus,    Oncidium 

sphacelatum. 
Elin,  Charles:  430  perennial  plants. 

Fisher,  Robert-Mount  Vernon:  200  cuttings  of  Heliotropium  arbor escens. 
State  of  Florida:  10  Sabal  palmetto  and  3  Citrus  sinensis. 
State  of  Hawaii:  12  cuttings  each  of  Hibiscus  'Clayi'  and  Hibiscus  newhouseii, 

6  Aleuritis  maluccana. 
State  of  Idaho:  3  Pinus  monticola  and  3  Philadelphus  lewisii. 
Kingwood  Center:  153  Amaryllis. 
Longwood  Gardens:   4   cuttings   each  of   Coleus  'Pineapple   Beauty/   Coleus 

'Harlequin,'   C.   'Glory   of  Luxembourg/   C.   'Paisley  Shawl/  C.   'Etna/   C. 

'Skylark/  C.  'Scarlet  Ribbons';  15  cuttings  Chrysantheumum  cv.;  100  cuttings 

Chrysanthemum  cv.  Jean  Hart;  Livistona  australis,  Heliconia  sp.;  4  Heliconia 

collinsiana;    2    Heliconia    tortuosa;    Heliconia    cerapetula;    Heliconia    sp.; 

Heliconia    bicolor;    Musa    x    paradisiaca    'Aeae;'    6    cuttings    Streptocarpus 

'Massen's  White.' 
May,  Mary  Love:  Chlorophytum  bichitii. 

Mellen,  Mrs.  Charles  R. :  2  Victorian  Gardens  tables  (c.  1830). 
National  Gallery  of  Art:  Cuttings  of  Alternanthera  cv. 
State  of  New  Hampshire:  3  Betula  papyrifera  and  3  Syringa  vulgaris. 
Read,  Dr.  Robert:  2  Musa  coccinea,  3  Musa  velutina,  2  Eriobotrya  japonica, 

Stromanthe  sp. 
Ripley,  S.   Dillon:   2  Poncirus   trifoliata,  205   cuttings   of  Euonymus   fortunei 

'Sarcoxie/  22  plants  of  Euonymus  fortunei  'Sarcoxie.' 
Ripley,  Mrs.   S.   Dillon:   169  Orchids,  Hypericum   sp.,  Epidendrun   fragrans, 

Osmanthus  heterophyllus  'Variegatus.' 
Sachet,  Dr.  Marie:  Hippeastrum  sp. 
Saul,  Miss  Edith  Ray:  2  antique  nursery  catalogues. 

State  of  South  Carolina:  3  Sabal  palmetto,  12  Celsemium  sempervirens. 
State  of  South  Dakota:  3  Picea  glauca. 
Studebaker,  Russell:  Alternanthera  sp. 


484  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


U.  S.  Botanic  Gardens:  50  cuttings  of  Hydrangea  petiolaris. 

U.S.  National  Arboretum:  Picea  bicolor;  Firmiana  simplex;  cuttings  of 
Aucuba  japonica  'Crotonifolia/  A.  japonica  'Fructo  Alba/  A.  japonica 
'Limbuta,'  A.  japonica  'Sulphurea/  A.  japonica  'Longifolia/  A.  japonica  cv., 
Buxus  microphylla  cv.  Sinica,  B.  sempervirens  cv.  Aruea  Pendula,  B.  semper- 
virens  cv.  Elegantissima,  B.  sempervirens  'Vardar  Valley/  Cornus  alba 
'Elegantissima/  Hedera  helix  (4  cvs.),  Ilex  aquifolium  'Argento-marinata/  I. 
aquifolium  'Scotch  Gold/  I.  aquifolium  'Waterer/  I.  cornuta  'Dwarf  Burford/ 
I.  cornuta  'O'Spring/  I.  crenata  'Mariesii/  I.  crenata  'Shiro-fukurin.' 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 

Donors  to  the  Collections 

Bayer,  Dr.  Ted:   Autographed  copy  of  Hirohito's   Some  Sydrozoans   of  The 

Bonin  Islands. 
Bedini,  Silvio  A.:  Thinkers  and  Tinkers. 
Boorstin,  Daniel:  America  in  Two  Centuries.  140  volumes. 
Borch,  Otto,  Ambassador  of  Denmark:  Schmidt-Phiseldek. 
Bradley,  James:  Collected  Contributions  of  F.  L.  Whipple.  2  volumes. 
Buechner,  Mrs.  Helmut:  Journal  collection. 
Bull,  George:  Several  guidebooks. 

Center  of  Military  History  (U.  S.  Army) :  Several  volumes  of  Vietnam  studies. 
Chase,  Mrs.  Franklin:  Fourteen  volumes  on  architecture. 
Conger,  Dr.  Paul:  Natural  History  of  Birds. 
Creech,  John  L. :  Commemoration  of  U.  S.  Bi-Centennial  Anniversary  in  1976: 

Bonsai  in  Japan. 
Dee,  Elaine:  Twenty  volumes  on  art. 
Duncanson,  Miss  Isabelle  Foster:  History  of  the  Adventures  and  Sufferings  of 

Moses  Smith. 
Embassy   of   the   Republic   of  Germany.   Zweihundert   Jahre   Deutsch-Ameri- 

kanische  Beziehungen  und  Americana-Cermanica  1770-1800. 
Garber,  Paul  E.:  Jules  Verne.  15  volumes. 
Hamarneh,  Sami:  Catalogue  of  Arabic  Manuscripts  on  Medicine  and  Pharmacy 

at  the  British  Library. 
Hoffmann,  Robert:  Sixteen  Russian  books  on  Mammals. 

Howell,  Edgar:  Echo  of  a  Distant  Drum:  Winslow  Homer  and  the  Civil  War. 
Howson,  Mrs.  Hubert:  An  Alphabet  of  Celebrities. 
Kaufmann,  Robert:  Twenty-five  decorative  art  books. 
Kenk,    Dr.    Roman:    Fauna   der   in    Krain   Bekannten   Saeugerthiere,   Voegel, 

Reptilien  und  Fische. 
Knez,  Dr.  Eugene:  Arts  of  Ancient  Korea. 
Krombein,  Dr.  Karl:  Two  serials  and  Faune  de  Madagascar. 
Lantz,  Walter  D.:  Kircher's  D' Order  Aardse  Weereld. 
Lissim,  Simon:  Eight  ceramic  journals. 
Mason,  Dr.  Brian:  Ten  volumes  on  mineral  sciences. 
Mason,  David:  Five  hundred  titles  on  weaving. 

Mello,  Dr.  James:  Persepolis  and  Ancient  Iran  and  Cenozoic  Reef  Biofacies. 
Metcalf,  Pauline:  Seven  art  journals  and  books. 
Nickerson,  Dorothy:  Nineteen  cartons  of  materials  on  color. 
Nicolson,  Dr.  Dan:  Thirteen  volumes  of  the  Bulletin  of  the  Botanical  Survey 

of  India. 
Nordness,  Lee:  Objects:  USA. 
Nyborg,  Anders.  Groenlandica  collection. 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  485 


Okamura,  Chonosuke.  Original  Reports  of  the  Okamura  Fossil  Laboratory, 

numbers  3-6. 
Olson,  Dr.  Storrs:  A  Monograph  of  the  Charadriidae. 
Osgood,  Cornelius:  Anthropological  volumes  on  Korea. 
Perrot,  Paul:  Archaeological  Heritage  of  Jordan. 
Porter,  Henry:  Bound  volumes  of  Graphic,  volumes  89-100. 
Ray,  Clayton:  Geology  of  Michigan. 
Ripley,  S.  Dillon:  Gallery  catalogue  and  journals. 
Robinson,  Dr.  Harold:  Cassini  on  Compsitae. 
Royal  Netherlands  Embassy:  P.  Struycken. 

Schmeltzer,  Mrs.  C.  B. :  Three  cartons  of  books  and  magazines. 
Seaborn,  Richard  G.   (Canadian  Embassy) :   Between   Friends/Entre  Amis. 
Sharer,  Cyrus:  Four  knitting  books. 
Smith,  Sheila:  Two  books  of  prints. 
Spangler,  Dr.  Paul:  Some  Ectoparasites  of  the  Birds  of  Asia  and  Migration 

and  Survival  of  the  Birds  of  Asia. 
St.  Hoyme,  Dr.  Lucille:  Optics. 
Taylor,  Lisa:  Fifteen  art  catalogues. 

Taylor,  Dr.  William:  Thirteen  volumes  of  American  Scientist,  1957-1970. 
U.S.  Army  Military  History  Research  Collection:  Four  volumes  on  military 

history. 
Veazey  estate:  Hollinshed  Chronicles,  1587,  and  Ovid's  Metamorphoses,  1732. 
Warren,  Dorothy:  Travel  materials  and  periodicals. 
Washburn,  Dr.  Wilcomb:  Red  Man's  Land/White  Man's  Land. 
Watson,  Dr.  George.  Birds  of  the  Antarctic  and  Sub-Antarctic. 
White,  John  D.,  Jr. :  Three  volumes  on  minerals. 


PUBLIC  SERVICE 

OFFICE  OF  SMITHSONIAN  SYMPOSIA  AND  SEMINARS 
Donors  of  Financial  Support 

"KIN  AND  COMMUNITIES  :  THE  PEOPLING  OF  AMERICA" 

American  Security  and  Trust  National  Savings  and  Trust  Company 

Company  The  Riggs  National  Bank 

Exxon  Corporation  Rockefeller  Brothers  Fund 

Fawcett  Printing  Corporation  The  Rockefeller  Foundation 

"the  united  states  in  the  world" 

Bendix  Corporation  I  U  International 

Bucyrus-Erie  Company  Ingersoll-Rand  Company 

Bunge  Corporation  The  Liberian  Foundation,  Inc. 

Cafritz  (The  Morris  and  Gwendolyn)  Massey-Ferguson  Limited 

Foundation  Prudential  Insurance  Company  of 
Champion  Spark  Plug  Company  America 

Eaton  Corporation  Sperry  Rand  Corporation 

Fluor  Corporation  United  States  Department  of  State 
Ford  Motor  Company  Fund 


486  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


NATIONAL  GALLERY  OF  ART 


DONORS  OF  WORKS  OF  ART 


Gift  to  Vice  President  Spiro  T.  Agnew 

by  Marshall  Josip  Broz  Tito, 

President  of  the  Socialist  Federal 

Republic  of  Yugoslavia 
W.  G.  Russell  Allen  Fund 
The  Atlas  Foundation 
Avalon  Fund 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Benedict 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  William  Draper  Blair 
Employees  of  Braniff  Airways,  Inc. 
Michel  de  Bry 
Ailsa  Mellon  Bruce  Fund 
Syma  Busiel  Fund 
Elizabeth  O.  Carville 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ralph  F.  Colin 
Collectors  Committee 
Werner  Drewes 

Lee  V.  Eastman  and  lohn  L.  Eastman 
Lorser  Feitelson  in  memory  of 

William  C.  Seitz 
Mrs.  lohn  E.  Gallois 
Garfinckel's 

Lucien  Goldschmidt,  Inc. 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  George  Benjamin  Green 
The  sisters  of  Tomas  Harris 
Ruth  K.  Henschel  in  memory  of  her 

husband,  Charles  R.  Henschel 
Andrew  Hudson 
Louis  and  Jean  T.  Joughin 
Jacob  Kainen 
The  Ruth  Cole  and  Jacob  Kainen 

Collection 
Mr.  Antony  J.  Trapnell  Kloman 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Antony  J.  Trapnell 

Kloman 
Robert  P.  and  Arlene  R.  Kogod 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Sidney  K.  Lafoon 
Loula  D.  Lasker  Fund 


Mr.  and  Mrs.  Earl  M.  Latterman 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ronald  R.  Lubritz  Fund 

Andrew  W.  Mellon  Fund 

Vincent  Melzac 

Dr.  Dieter  Erich  Meyer 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  N.  Richard  Miller 

Pepita  Milmore  Memorial  Fund 

John  W.  Mowinckel  in  honor  of 

Ambassador  John  P.  Humes 
Admiral  Neill  Phillips  in  memory  of 

Grace  Hendrick  Phillips 
Cornelius  Van  S.  Roosevelt  Collection 
Lessing  J.  Rosenwald 
Rosenwald  Collection 
Ruth  Fisher  Rhetts  and  children  in 

memory  of  their  husband  and 

father,  Charles  Edward  Rhetts 
Daryl  and  Lee  Rubenstein 
Eleanor  Whittlesley  Kotz  Savorgnan 
Katherine  Shepard 
Robert  H.  and  Clarice  Smith 
Smithsonian  Resident  Associate 

Program 
Congressman  Williamson  Sylvester 

Stuckey,  Jr. 
Friends  of  Esther  Stuttman 
Hon.  and  Mrs.  Robert  H.  Thayer 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Burton  Tremaine 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  David  Tunick 
Versailles  Foundation 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Arthur  E.  Vershbow 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  George  W.  Ware 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  J.  Wetmore 
Woodward  Foundation,  Washington, 

D.C. 
Zeitlin  and  Ver  Brugge  Booksellers, 

Los  Angeles 


Appendix  9.  Donors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  487 


APPENDIX  10.  List  of  Volunteers  Who  Served 

the  Smithsonian  Institution  from  July  1,  1975, 
through  September  30, 1976 


The  following  lists  have  been  compiled  in  recognition  of  the  many 
individuals  whose  contributions  of  time,  effort,  and  expertise  assisted  in 
the  achievement  of  the  Smithsonian's  Bicentennial  goals.  The  personal 
dedication  and  exemplary  performance,  which  characterize  the  Institu- 
tion's Volunteers,  are  significant  and  invaluable  Smithsonian  resources. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 


CURATOR,  S.I.  BUILDING 

Imogene  Baumgardner 
William  Baxter 
Inez  Ransom 


Frank  Santamour 
Charlotte  Taylor 


OFFICE  OF  MEMBERSHIP  AND  DEVELOPMENT 

National  Associate  Program 
Mary  Marshall         Susan  Wright 

Associate  Travel  Program 
William  Dinardo         Susan  Normand 


Women's  Committee 

Mrs.  David  C.  Acheson 
Mrs.  Thomas  I.  Ahart 
Mrs.  Richard  G.  Alexander 
Mrs.  Denton  Blair 
Mrs.  Huntington  T.  Block 
Mrs.  Philip  S.  Bowie 
Mrs.  Adelyn  Breeskin 
Mrs.  James  M.  Byrne 
Mrs.  Charles  H.  Clark 
Mrs.  W.  Montague  Cobb 
Mrs.  C.  Burke  Elbrick 
Mrs.  John  Worden  Gill 
Mrs.  Robert  Reed  Gray 
Mrs.  Karl  G.  Harr,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Walter  Hodges 
Mrs.  Woods  Hollingsworth 
Mrs.  Marshall  Hornblower 


Mrs.  Walter  D.  Innis 
Mrs.  James  Lehrer 
Mrs.  Edward  H.  Levi 
Mrs.  J.  Noel  Macy 
Mrs.  John  Minor  Maury 
Mrs.  George  C.  McGhee 
Mrs.  John  Ulric  Net 
Mrs.  Robert  B.  Nelson 
Mrs.  Dudley  Owen 
Mrs.  Jefferson  Patterson 
Mrs.  James  R.  Patton,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Charles  H.  Percy 
Mrs.  Paul  N.  Perrot 
Mrs.  Horace  White  Peters 
Mrs.  Malcolm  Price 
Mrs.  Edward  Rich,  Jr. 
Mrs.  S.  Dillon  Ripley 


488  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Mrs.  Nelson  Rockefeller 
Mrs.  Reynaldo  F.  Rodriquez 
Mrs.  John  T.  Sapienza 
Mrs.  Brackley  Shaw 
Mrs.  John  Farr  Simmons 
Mrs.  Henry  P.  Smith  III 
Mrs.  Potter  Stewart 
Mrs.  James  W.  Symington 


Mrs.  T.  Graydon  Upton 
Mrs.  Robert  D.  Van  Roijen 
Mrs.  John  Carl  Warnecke 
Mrs.  Paul  C.  Warnke 
Mrs.  T.  Ames  Wheeler 
Mrs.  Robert  S.  Wilkinson  III 
Mrs.  Evan  M.  Wilson 
Mrs.  Bissell  Wood 


SCIENCE 

CENTER  FOR  THE  STUDY  OF  MAN 

National  Anthropological  Film  Center 

Juliana  Field  Linda  R.  Maradol 

Laura  E.  Gordon  Georgiana  B.  Warner 

George  Kim 


CHESAPEAKE  BAY  CENTER  FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL  STUDIES 


Dorothy  Abney 
Patricia  Ball 
Charlotte  Eisel 
Russell  Moerschell 


Cathy  Pringle 
Sharon  Tebben 
Aileen  Thomas 
Virginia  Williams 


NATIONAL  AIR  AND  SPACE  MUSEUM 

Office  of  the  Director 
Beth  Lynch 

Presentations  and  Education  Division 


Ted  Adams 
Shirley  Adams 
Barbara  Alprin 
John  Amos 
Mae  Anderson 
Ward  Baker 
Mary  Ann  Barnard 
Gayle  Basham 
Abe  Bass 
Janice  Beattie 
Paul  Beaudry 
Frank  Beck 
Ray  Beeker 
Dana  Bell 
Doreen  Bell 
Deborah  Berger 
Dave  Binning 
Lydia  Bitter 
Margaret  Boland 
Bill  Bonte 
Bruce  Boyce 


Don  Braun 

Fran  Breeden 

Joyce  Brescia 

Dave  Brokaw 

Chris  Brown 

Virginia  Busch 

Pat  Carson 

Kay  Celmer 

Frank  Cervenka 

Helen  Chase 

Dannie  Coates 

Nancy  Colby 

Vic  Coles 

Henry  Collins 

Mary  Cora 

Jane  Cox 

Elizabeth  Cunningham 

George  DeGennaro 

Linda  Densmore 

Jane  DeYoung 

Pat  DeYoung 


Vicky  Diamond 
Judy  Divone 
Phil  Dobak 
Clarence  Doll 
Jackie  Doll 
Carolyn  Donnelley 
Rose  Drawbaugh 
Barbara  Dyke 
Lois  Eddy 
Shirley  Engle 
Karl  Esch 
Marcia  Estabrook 
James  Etheredge 
Betty  Fisher 
Catherine  Fisher 
Eloise  Fisher 
Dot  Fisk 
Fay  Flectcher 
Bill  Flener 
Peggie  Flint 
Marlene  Freed 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  489 


Pam  Friedman 
Alyce  Fuller 
Librio  Giove 
Lawrence  Glassman 
Joyce  Glenn 
Marvin  Groat 
Joan  Groobert 
John  Hannan 
Sue  Hannan 
Mel  Harder 
Bob  Harris 
Jim  Hartley 
Betsy  Heimbach 
Ruth  Heimburg 
Annelise  Heine 
John  Heine 
Blair  Hennessey 
Stewart  Henry 
Joan  Herbertson 
Frank  Higgins 
Jack  Holcomb 
Si  Hunt 
Bob  Jackson 
Alice  Jaffe 
Carol  James 
Agnes  Jenkins 
Larry  Jessie 
Marie  Johnson 
Ralph  Johnson 
Carl  Jones 
Renee  Jones 
Sheila  Jones 
Jim  Kabel 
Dorothy  Kahal 
Irene  Kane 
Rozzie  Kay 
Bob  Keeney 
Joe  Kennedy 
Martin  Kennedy 
Walter  Kiser 
John  Klemick 
Milan  Krasnican 
John  Krupa 
Mort  Lessans 
Shirley  Levin 
Dave  Levinsohn 
Kathy  Litsas 
Evelyn  Litwin 
Fred  Litwin 
Virginia  Long 
Wendy  Lopes 
Mary  Lou  Luff 
Elizabeth  Lux 
Jean  MacKenzie 
Phyllis  Magaziner 


Ted  Maher 

James  Mangan 

Anne  Marchetti 

Brad  Marman 

Bill  Marston 

Bob  Martin 

June  Marvin 

Elsie  Mason 

Evelyn  Mauterer 

Lucy  McBrayer 

Rosemary  McElderry 

Elizabeth  McGarry 

Joe  McMillen 

Joyce  Melocik 

Phyllis  Meltzer 

John  Mercer 

Anne  Miskiewicz 

Elmer  Mitchell 

Jim  Moore 

Jack  Morris 

Barry  Morrisroe 

Sheryl  Myse 

Pat  Nagel 

Harold  Neher 

Bernie  Nolan 

Laura-Ellen  O'Connell 

Helen  O'Day 

James  O'Leary 

Barbara  O'Malley 

Bob  Orr 

Gail  Osberg 

Don  Paczynski 

Harvey  Paige 

Jane  Paige 

Mary  Palmer 

Karen  Patterson 

Bill  Pellegrino 

John  Phillips 

Brian  Pierce 

Susan  Pierce 

Frank  Pirnat 

Karen  Pittman 

Sheila  Pittman 

Wayne  Pittman 

Stephanie  Porteous 

Pete  Raabe 

Irma  Reed 

Vance  Revennaugh 

Bill  Reynolds 

Jim  Rhoads 

Bob  Rice 

Don  Robb 

Ken  Robert 

Lois  Roberts 

Mark  Roberts 


Charles  Ross 
Gil  Roth 
Sara  Rothchild 
Bill  Rowe 
Herb  Rust 
Barbara  Schwartz 
Gale  Sersain 
Isabel  Shannon 
Joy  Simmons 
Katie  Simpson 
Lee  Simpson 
Robin  Sims 
Harry  Sleaman 
Claudia  Smith 
Maureen  Smith 
Muriel  Smith 
Jane  Smiths 
Barbara  Snider 
Ruth  Snyder 
Myra  Sommer 
Paul  Spiess 
Bob  Steece 
Judy  Stembel 
Priscilla  Strain 
Bob  Storck 
Bob  Struthers 
Sonya  Taubin 
Bob  Taylor 
Mark  Taylor 
Barbara  Thomas 
Bernice  Thorpe 
Bill  Tinkler 
William  Tinkler 
Dick  Tobiason 
Scott  Tobiason 
Diane  VanTrees 
John  Venes 
Delores  Vick 
Pauline  Vollmer 
Elizabeth  Wade 
Mark  Wagner 
Harvey  Walden 
Andy  Wallace 
Betty  Wallace 
Jack  Walker 
Joe  Walters 
Etta  Wanger 
Jane  Ward 
Mabel  Warnecke 
Rebecca  Weiss 
Connie  Wilensky 
Janet  Wolfe 
Dean  Young 
Mark  Young 
Ken  Young 
Shirley  Zuckerman 


490  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Exhibits 
Richard  D.  Crawford 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 


Office  of  Education 

Shirley  Adams 
Betty  Adinolfi 
Menda  Ahart 
Charlotte  Albert 
Barbara  Alprin 
Margaret  Anthony 
Frances  Apperson 
Burton  Ashley 
Cheryl  Bailey 
Kathy  Bainbridge 
Marilyn  Barksdale 
Alice  Batman 
Gayle  Baumgart 
Janice  Beattie 
Dolores  Beitzel 
Merylee  Bennett 
Virginia  Bennett 
Gretchen  Berry 
Marilyn  Bier 
Mildred  Birge 
Inga  Blust 
Carolyn  Boswell 
Susan  Boyd 
Lynne  Boyle 
Helen  Brown 
Elizabeth  Bruck 
Joan  Burman 
Kitty  Burnham 
Judith  Caratenuto 
Bettina  Carotenuto 
Payson  D.  Carter 
Lucia  Cefaratti 
Sherry  Chachkin 
Glenn  Chase 
Vivian  Choha 
Jeannine  Clark 
Judy  Clark 
Yvonne  Clayton 
Ruby  Clements 
Everett  Clocker 
Nancy  Cohen 
Molly  Coleman 
Lee  Collier 
Margit  Cook 
Lillian  Cookfair 
Cece  Cooney 
Gloria  Cooper 
Harriet  Copan 
Ruth  Croan 


Darlene  Curtis 
Barbara  Czerw 
Marge  Dawson 
Helen  Deering 
Florence  Deitz 
Vivien  Delima 
Barbara  DeMers 
Jean  Demyttenaere 
Rosilyn  dePercin 
Margaret  Deutsch 
Carmen  Dieguez 
Emily  Doherty 
Marcia  Dublin 
Karen  Duncker 
Ortensia  Eardley 
Mina  Eggerton 
Marion  Ellis 
C.  Lynne  Eppes 
James  W.  Ewing 
Ruth  Ewing 
Lauren  Fauer 
Roz  Fenton 
Birdie  Ferman 
Mary  Fisher 
Marge  Fleck 
Linda  Fleisher 
Peggy  Fleming 
Barbara  Foley 
Barbara  Ford 
Gretchen  Foster 
Marilyn  Franck 
Andrew  Franz 
Helen  Susan  Frye 
Kaoru  Fukumoto 
Mitzie  Gaffney 
Dorothy  Galvin 
Anita  Garcia 
Jane  Geronime 
Ella  Giesey 
Yumiko  Gillespie 
Samuel  Glymph 
Joy  Gold 
Sandra  Goldberg 
Marianne  Goldstein 
Eva  Goode 
Betty  Jane  Gray 
Nancy  Greenberg 
Pat  Greenfield 
Fumiko  Gregg 


Bobbi  Gresham 
Joan  Groobert 
Florence  Gruchy 
Edith  Grunnet 
Susan  Gulick 
Ann  Gurney 
Joy  Hahn 
Anna  Hairston 
Elinor  Halle 
Charles  E.  Hamilton,  Jr. 
Sheila  Hartney 
Martha  Hatleberg 
Helen  Heard 
Vita  Heineman 
Judith  Herman 
Margie  Hess 
Margaret  Hicks 
Doreen  Hitchcock 
Marge  Hoath 
Julie  Horn 
Bernice  Hornbeck 
Rhoda  Hudson 
Cici  Hughes 
Stephanie  Hysmith 
Regenia  Ingram 
Nancy  Jennings 
Marilyn  Johnston 
Priscilla  Joslyn 
George  Jubran 
Sally  Kabat 
Lyn  Kagey 
Maggie  Karam 
June  Karamessines 
Bernard  Kassell 
Henri  Keller 
Harriet  Kiser 
Susan  Kneller 
Rita  Kopin 
Karen  Kosch 
Janet  Kragness 
Minnie  Krantz 
Elaine  Krassner 
Barbara  Kristal 
Ann  Kuhns 
Bea  Lamm 
Ginni  Lamm 
Martha  Lang 
Joyce  Laramore 
Kersti  Lasiewski 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  491 


Lynne  Latchaw 
Patricia  LaTendresse 
Roger  Lawson 
Joan  Learner 
Constance  Lee 
Phyllis  Lessans 
Justin  Lewis 
Charlotte  Linde 
Tony  Loezere 
Ruth  Long 
Maria  Longo 
Betty  Lorance 
Jackie  Mahan 
Martin  Manning 
Edith  Manor 
Jackie  Mashin 
Rosina  Mason 
Wendy  McAlister 
Eileen  McCormick 
Pearl  McDonald 
Rose  Ann  McHenry 
Daisy  Mendizabal 
Ann  Meyers 
Bea  Meyerson 
Mamie  Middleston 
Karen  Millar 
Barbara  Miller 
David  Miller 
Peggy  Miller 
Louise  Milrod 
Doris  Mintzes 
Marsha  Mirsky 
Isla  Molansky 
Mair  Moody 
Jean  Moran 
Betsy  Morefield 
Pat  Morris 
Isadore  Mostow 
Joan  Muller 
Laura  Mye 
Patricia  Nagy 
Carol  Nelson 
Hilde  Newberry 
Barbara  Nichols 
Ethel  Nietmann 

SUMMER  AIDES,  1976 

Leslie  Cook 
Muki  Daniel 
Julie  Fink 
Mimi  Hails 


Maryann  Nordyke 

Lynn  Norton 

Mary  Catharine  O'Connell 

Elizabeth  O'Dor 

Fran  O'Leary 

Patricia  O'Shaughnessy 

Laura  Palmer 

Elaine  Parks 

Susanne  S.  Patch 

Lydia  Perian 

Lillian  Peterson 

Mary  Jane  Phillips 

Joan  Piper 

Sheila  Pittman 

Dottie  Porter 

Gina  Pragan 

Teva  Quammen 

Colleen  Quick 

Ann  Reese 

Nancy  Register 

Lois  Rehder 

Ginny  Reister 

Ellen  Richards 

Barbara  Riddell 

Carlene  Riffle 

Virginia  Roach 

Peggy  Roche 

Beverly  Rosen 

Carol  Rosenblum 

Kenneth  Samuel 

Dee  Sando 

Florence  Saunders 

Corinne  Schrier 

Clare  Schweickart 

Sarah  Sears 

Geraldine  Seidel 

Dolores  Shaw 

Gladys  Sibbald 

Joan  Simmons 

Jean-Marie  Simon 

Helen  Simpson 

Judy  Smaldone 

Sandy  Smith 

Bernice  Stavisky 

Linda  Stevens 

Ellen  Licht 
Bea  Alice  Loos 
Adrienne  Massillon 
Charles  McAleer 


Department  of  Anthropology 

OLD  WORLD  ANTHROPOLOGY 

Katherine  Baugh  Emily  Doherty 

Lois  Berkowitz  Ellen  Gale 

Art  Bissell  Betty  Higgins 

Be-Be  Katime 


Lorraine  Stevens 
Elizabeth  Stockton 
Sarah  Stromayer 
Ann  Suydam 
Anna  Sweeney 
Carol  Swift 
Orienna  Syphax 
Lois  Talkin 
Susan  Tancredi 
Ada  Tannen 
Debbie  Tari 
Nancy  Tartt 
Jane  Lee  Taylor 
Patricia  Taylor 
Jeanne  Teagarden 
Voncille  Tedrick 
Mary  Scott  Tenuis 
Christine  Tinkler 
Susan  Torok 
Ann  Truitt 
Marjorie  Turgel 
Cynthia  Ullman 
Armand  Vallieres 
Edna  Van  Grack 
Bonnie  Walter 
Evelyn  Way 
Amy  Weintraub 
Mary  Welch 
Mike  Wetzel 
Laura  Whitaker 
Rita  White 
Sarah  Whitehorn 
Elinor  Wilbur 
Jackie  Wilcox 
Betty  Wilhelm 
Carolyn  Wilkinson 
Fran  Wille 
Ella  Wilmot 
Bea  Winne 
Mary  Winters 
Lorraine  Wisniewski 
Linda  Worthington 
Betty  Yassin 
Irene  Yesley 

Bill  Plybon 
Todd  Rumph 
Laurel  Siegel 
Bruce  Wellington 


Sheila  Pinsker 
Sarah  Revis 
Priscilla  Williams 


492  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Department  of  Botany 

David  Brennan 

Larry  Delaney 

Janet  Hammond 

Waring  Holt 

Edward  Kaun 

M.  Christina  Garcia  Kirkbride 

Department  of  Entomology 

Laverne  J.  Magadan  Erwin 
Maria  Eveline  Kamm 

Department  of  Invertebrate  Zoology 

Tamara  A.  Vance 

Department  of  Mineral  Sciences 

DIVISION  OF  MINERALOGY 

Cynthia  Barnes 
Esther  Claffy 

Department  of  Vertebrate  Zoology 

DIVISION  OF  BIRDS 

Betty  Ann  Batson 
Sean  Beardsley 
John  Bernstein 
Monika  Deitze 


Tim  Lane 
Alice  Nicolson 
Belinda  Perry 
Ann  Southall 
Paula  Steiner 


Dr.  George  W.  Rawson 


Susan  Edmonds 
Nancy  Gross 


Kay  Kenyon 
Laurie  Raymond 
Jeff  Smith 


DIVISION  OF  REPTILES  AND  AMPHIBIANS 

Joan  Dudley 

DIVISION  OF  VERTEBRATE  PALEONTOLOGY 

Alta  Copeland  Jane  Knapp 


NATIONAL  ZOOLOGICAL  PARK 
Office  of  Director 
B.  J.  Draheim 

Office  of  Animal  Health 

Joan  Bortnick 
Carol  S.  Taylor 

Office  of  Animal  Management 

Kenneth  Birgfeld 
Pam  Frye 
Lucy  Loomis 
Katherine  Lowman 

Conservation  and  Research  Center 
LuAnn  Di  Palma 
Peter  Lytle 

Office  of  Education-Information 
Peggy  Siddall 

Office  of  Facilities  Management 
J.  Parker  Wilbern 

Office  of  Pathology 
Garry  Baskin 
John  Boyce 


Ann  Dyer 
Janet  Williams 


Les  MacDonald 
Tracy  Miller 
Dottie  Stocking 


Emily  Merriweather 
Andrea  Smith 


Randy  Jacobsen 
George  Parker 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  493 


Office  of  Zoological  Research 

Ann  Baker 
Hannele  Buechner 
Lee  Caine 
Eden  Foster 
Geegee  Geitgey 
Elizabeth  Glassco 
Adrienne  Grenfell 


Victoria  Guerrero 
Daniel  Hirsch 
Patricia  McKinley 
Marlene  Robinson 
Joan  Smith 
Sharon  Thomas 
Kyle  Trainor 


Friends  of  the  National  Zoo  Guides 

ACTIVE  GUIDES  1975-1976 

Pat  Arthur 
Nell  Ball 
Leah  Bratt 
Jo  Burman 
Agnes  Clagett 
Molly  Cornell 
Mary  Adele  Donnelly 
Joan  Dudley 
Elinor  Dunigan 
Marilyn  Hereford 
Cheryl  Hurt 
Bernice  Krula 
Micheline  Kuipers 
Juanita  Lambert 
Mimi  Leahy 
Symme  Levine 
Tura  Lipscomb 
Bev  Lilley 
Cecil  McLelland 


Sandra  Meyersburg 
Martha  Miles 
Fran  Morgan 
Laila  Mosely 
Elizabeth  Mount 
Colleen  Quick 
Wendy  Reiskin 
Sylvia  Ripley 
Clare  Romilly 
Sandra  Scholz 
Anne  Schultz 
Elsie  Sharon 
Eliza  Soyster 
Malcolm  Stiff 
Pamela  Matlack  Stoil 
Jeanie  Teare 
Sally  Tongren 
Missy  Winslow 


RESEARCH  AND  INFORMATION 

June  Abel 
James  Allen 
Patricia  Allen 
Thelma  Baker 
Karen  Bisat 
Dr.  Susan  Bogner 
Millie  Bonhit 
Diane  Brassard 
Dale  Brogan 
Susan  Brown 
Lynn  Clark 
Elinor  Dunnigan 
Mary  Ann  Elwood 
Joanne  Grumm 
Lisa  Gwirtzman 
Norma  Hazen 
Diane  Hickey 


Pauline  Kelly 
Bernice  Krula 
Juanita  Lambert 
Joan  Learner 
Charlet  Levesque 
Barbara  MacBride 
Lori  Makaukas 
Diane  McCarthy 
Sandy  Meyersburg 
Rosemary  Miller 
Maureen  Morello 
Barbara  Owen 
Colleen  Quick 
Jim  Scribner 
Jean  Teare 
Robert  Tinsbloom 
Sandra  Tinsbloom 


494  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


HISTORY  AND  ART 


ARCHIVES  OF  AMERICAN  ART 


Helen  Duane 
Alice  Hoyt 
Mary  Larkin 


Fiona  Mougenot 
Helen  Osborne 


COOPER-HEWITT  MUSEUM  OF  DECORATIVE  ARTS  AND  DESIGN 


Margaret  Atkinson 
Lillian  Block 
Ruth  Bowen 
Marjorie  Cahn 
Sylvia  Chandler 
Virginia  Corm 
Rosemary  Corroon 
Sybil  Daneman 
Ann  Dorfsman 
Nancy  Draughn 
Bessie  Eliasberg 
Helen  Freck 
Sabina  Gatheral 
Madeline  Greenberg 
Jeanne  Hamilton 
Kate  Herr 
Miriam  Jacobs 
Mildred  Jay 
Eylene  King 
Mae  Levy 
Jane  Lloyd 
Phyllis  Massar 


Carla  C.  Mayer 
Dennis  McFadden 
Sylvia  McKean 
Terese  Milbauer 
Dorothy  Osserman 
Elizabeth  T.  Page 
Amanda  Palmer 
Mary  Walker  Phillips 
Jacqueline  Rea 
Edith  Rudolf 
Isabelle  Silverman 
Helen  Stanbury 
Helen  Stark 
Eithel  Stein 
Helen  Stroud 
Tina  Tiedtke 
Dalmar  Tifft 
Patricia  Tine 
Elizabeth  Van  Tets 
Eleanor  Wallstein 
Beth  Wervaiss 
Joy  Wolf 


HIRSHHORN  MUSEUM  AND  SCULPTURE  GARDEN 


Office  of  Education 

Margaret  Alexander 
Hanna  Altman 
Michael  Antle 
Betsy  Applebaum 
Nancy  Barnum 
Gayle  Bauer 
Nathaly  Baum 
Merry  Bean 
Alice  Bindeman 
Margaret  Blee 
Vivian  Bolton 
Ellen  Bungay 
Frances  Burka 
Lenora  Burstein 
Edith  Ching 
Martha  Jane  Claypool 
Pauline  Cohen 
Dorothy  Colban 


Annie  Belle  Daisey 
Eleanor  Davidov 
Elaine  Dietch 
Sonya  Dunie 
Dorothy  Fabricant 
Lynn  Fondahn 
Gertrude  Friedman 
Mimi  Gallagher 
Freda  Gandy 
Betty  Gibson 
Frances  Glukenhaus 
Shirley  Goldenberg 
Charlotte  Golin 
Lillian  Greenspan 
Florence  Hart 
AnneLiese  Henry 
Arlene  Hoebel 
Joclare  Holmes 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  495 


Reba  Immergut 
Ann  Jacoby 
Victoria  Jones 
Laine  Katz 
Lynn  Kauffman 
Loretta  Keller 
Joan  Kirsh 
Carla  Klevan 
Ann  Kraft 
Betsy  Kutscher 
Lillian  Lafont 
Judy  Landau 
Isabel  Langsdorf 
Dorothy  Lapadula 
Blanche  Levenberg 
Howard  Levine 
Jan  Levine 
Esther  Liss 
Lynne  Loube 
Nancy  Mannes 
Frances  McElroy 
Doris  Miller 
Dorothy  Miller 
Missy  Millikin 
Claire  Monderer 
Pat  Nelson 
Shirley  Olman 
Pat  Olson 
Ruth  Oviatt 
Mary  Patton 
Elaine  Pew 
Vivian  Pollock 
Jennie  Prensky 


Barbara  Richardson 
Marion  Ring 
Jane  Rodman 
Loretta  Rosenthal 
Jeanne  Ross 
Gera  Rynas 
Diane  Schachner 
Irene  Schiffman 
Judy  Schomer 
Sandy  Schwalb 
Sally  Seidman 
Eve  Sermoneta 
Martha  Shocket 
Helen  Shumate 
Muriel  Sirkin 
Irmelle  Small 
Lilian  Smith 
Menise  Smith 
Maureen  Steinbach 
Elaine  Steinmetz 
Betty  Sterling 
Ruth  Taylor 
Jeanne  Teagarden 
Barbara  Tempchin 
Jesse  Tromberg 
Marilyn  Tublin 
Virginia  Turman 
Dorothea  Wells 
Pete  Wheeler 
Edie  Whiteman 
Madeleine  Wood 
Sandy  Zafren 
Charlotte  Zaret 


*Additional  names  below  assigned  to  "special  projects." 

Painting  and  Sculpture 
Deborah  Geoffray         Sara  Lowe         Eliza  Rathbone 

*Special  Projects — Office  of  Education 

Posey  Davis  Marjorie  Levin 

David  Gilbert  Ann  Makepeace 

Miriam  Kraft  Lisa  Turner 


JOSEPH  HENRY  PAPERS 

Frances  R.  Burdette 
Dorothy  M.  Eisenhour 
Esther  H.  Lurie 
Eleanor  P.  McAllister 


Martha  P.  Robinson 
Linda  Sinclair 
Genevieve  Watson 


NATIONAL  COLLECTION  OF  TINE  ARTS 

20th-century  Painting  and  Sculpture 
Stephanie  Rich 


496  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


NCFA  Office  of  Education 

Hilda  Abraham 
Linda  Ackerman 
Ruth  Amster 
Jo  Apter 
Betty  Atkocius 
Lois  Berger 
Grace  Berman 
Barbara  Booth 
Estelle  Bossin 
Jean  Brackett 
Carolyn  Cage 
Lorraine  Carren 
Vicki  Cavaney 
Pauline  Cohen 
Harryette  Cohn 
Dorothy  Colban 
Sophie  Danish 
Bernice  Degler 
Jane  Eddy 
Marcia  Edenbaum 
Fifi  Edison 
Alice  Feeney 
Velma  Galblum 
Florence  Gang 
Lilyan  Goda 
Marian  Goozh 
Selma  Gratz 

RENWICK  GALLERY  OF  ART 

Anne  Akman 
Heather  Berry 
Nancy  Cloud 
Kitty  Coiner 
Mahlon  Dewey 
Yetta  Goldman 
Sharon  Greenfield 
Lydia  Hanson 

Registrar's  Office 
Barbara  Wille 

Renwick  Gallery 
Lisa  Ludwig 


Lillian  Greenspan 
Ruth  Hall 

George  Smoot  Harris 
Lilly  Hiller 
Jeanette  Kear 
Phoebe  Kline 
Dale  Kramer 
Gertrude  Landay 
Jonna  Lazarus 
Vira  Ludlow 
Margaret  MacElfatrick 
Nancy  Mannes 
Marjorie  McMann 
Lillian  Mones 
Sylvia  Nazdin 
Ruth  Oviatt 
Carole  Pierson 
Peggy  Ritzenberg 
Loretta  Rosenthal 
Bunny  Shapiro 
Elaine  Steinmetz 
Ruth  Taylor 
Mamie  Tobriner 
Betty  Ustun 
Diane  Wilbur 
Donna  Wilson 


Jane  Hogan 
Ruth  Money 
Alice  Nelson 
Ruth  Potter 
Barbara  Rothenberg 
Edith  Schaffer 
Martha  Shochet 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  HISTORY  AND  TECHNOLOGY 

Office  of  the  Deputy  Director 

Roberta  Downs 
Jenny  Clyde  Hollis 
Edna  Luginbuhl 

"A  Nation  of  Nations"  Exhibition 
Jean  Burris         Mary  McLaughlin         Joanne  B.  Scheele 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  497 


Division  of  Education  and  Visitor  Information 


Carole  Abert 
Mary  Jo  Adler 
Seymour  Alenier 
Patricia  Ameling* 
Barbara  Anderson 
Ann  Andrews 
Frances  Atchison 
Barbara  Bab 
Tom  Ballantine 
Stephanie  Barach 
Dian  Belanger 
Louise  Belcher* 
Anne  Bellinger 
Lee  Bernton 
Barbara  Bingham 
Margaret  Binning* 
Joseph  Blunk 
Tom  Bond 
Wilma  Bond 
Kathleen  Bott 
Joyce  Brescia 
Josette  Brogan 
Marjory  Brown 
Carol  Bruce 
Julie  Canard 
Barbara  Chapman 
Daniel  Chapman 
Ruby  Cheaney 
Faye  Claiborne 
Edith  Clark 
Betty  May  Cleary 
Patrick  Clifford 
Selma  Colby 
Patricia  Colevas 
Marjorie  Conrad 
Mary  Constable 
Christine  Coyle 
Diane  Crocker 
Gloria  Crowley 
Nancy  Daniel 
Virginia  Daskalaskis 
Carterette  Davis* 
Phyllis  Davis* 
Peggy  Dawley 
Margot  Dibble 
Jacqueline  Doll 
Janice  Doll 
Gloria  Dowd 
Jean  DuBois 
Delphine  Duff 
Corinne  Duffy 
Jane  Dunphy* 
Ruth  Eckhardt 
Luella  Ellingwood 


Arlene  Epstein 
Jane  Ervin 
Dorothy  Fabricant* 
Ronnie  Fenz 
Marianne  Finke 
Nancy  Finken 
Mary  Flury 
Kathy  Forrest 
Ann  Fox 
Mia  Gardiner 
Marilyn  Gaston 
Olive  Graffam 
Holly  Grath 
Suzanne  Graves 
Irma  Greenspoon 
Marian  Haas 
Ruth  Ann  Hadley 
Susanne  Hall 
Margaret  Hanlon 
Richard  Harding 
Pamela  Hart 
Lydia  Heinzman 
Mary  Jane  Hellekjaer 
Sally  Hersey 
Vera  Hickman 
James  Hildbold 
Jane  Hobson 
Anne  Holman 
Abby  Holtz 
Lucia  Homick 
Audrey  Hong 
Louise  Horn* 
Marilyn  Horwood 
Joan  Howard 
Rosalie  Hughes 
Bruce  Hutton 
Regina  Ingram 
Dolly  Irwin 
Robert  Jackson 
Alice  Jaffe 
Anna  Jester 
Sandra  Jones 
Naomi  Kaitz 
Mary  Ellen  Kay 
Carolyn  King 
Gene  King 
Marie  Koether 
Barbara  Kopf 
Martha  Jo  Leese 
Barbara  Lehmann 
Morris  Liebman* 
Venka  Loehe 
Cecily  Lupo 
Janet  MacDonald 


498  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Diane  Malhmood 
Dorothy  Malloy 
Shirley  Marston* 
Mary  Maxwell 
Miriam  Maxwell 
Marcia  Mazur 
Barbara  McGraw 
Martha  Jo  Meserole 
Sheila  Meyers 
Evelyn  Migliaccio 
Marjorie  Miller 
Sue  Miller 
Patricia  Minty 
Elmer  Mitchell 
Virginia  Moffett* 
Barbara  Naef 
Kate  Newhall 
Gail  Nields 
Betty  O'Connell 
Winifred  O'Donnell 
Dan  Ohlms 
Norma  Papish 
Ames  Perry 
Nancy  Phelps 
Selma  Philipson 
John  Phillips 
Sheila  Pinsker 
Lana  Pipes 
Louise  Plumb 
Shirley  Pollack 
Judith  Promisel 
Linda  Puller 
Joan  Rabins 
Ruth  Raetz 
Mary  Reed 
Nanette  Reed* 
Ralph  Remley 
Betty  Rice 
Jean  Robb 
Jane  Rodgers 

*  These  docents  also  worked  in  the 
Arts  and  Industries  Building. 


Ruth  Roll 
Elizabeth  Rudser 
Arden  Ruttenberg 
Barbara  Schwartz 
Mary  Ann  Scott 
Flora  Searcy 
Janet  Sexton 
Sevah  Shiftman 
Deeks  Shryock 
Sharon  Simon 
Juanita  Sluppick 
Maureen  Smith 
Pat  Smith 
Margaret  Snyder 
Carol  Sorenson 
Carol  Stent 
Ruth  Stewart 
Ann  Stock 
Marjorie  Stroud 
Roberta  Swenson 
Ann  Swift 

J.  N.  Thompson  (dec.) 
Janet  Thompson 
Warren  Thurston* 
Nancy  Turner 
Morris  Ullman 
Diane  Van  Trees* 
Kay  Walker 
Joan  Wells 
Elizabeth  Whiting 
Marilyn  Wieber 
Joan  Witorsch 
Mary  Wood 
Mary  Dale  Woodard 
Elizabeth  Woodward 
Dorothy  Wortman 
Lorna  Zimmerman 
Betty  Zolly 
Jayne  Zopf 

'1876:  A  Centennial  Exhibition"  and  in  the 


SUMMER  EDUCATION  AIDES  1976 

Cindy  Atkinson 
Martha  Baxtresser 
Hilary  Cheetham 
Solon  Edward  Davis 
Diane  Denny 
Julia  Eilenberg 
Rachel  Franklin 
Ynez  Halton 
Timothy  Houston 
Nancy  Hovatter 


Mark  Hoyert 
Helen  Hurd 
John  Hurd 
Richard  Ifft 
Janice  Latimore 
Wendy  Leibowitz 
Jonathan  Levy 
Robert  Mathey 
Jonathan  Mclntyre 
William  Nelson 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  499 


Neil  Peddicord 
Jeffrey  Peterson 
Jonathan  Randle 
Sharon  Raymond 
Sean  Redding 
Andra  Rose 
Denise  Ryan 
Teri  Shantz 


Dorothy  Silver 
Diana  Spence 
Beth  Spickler 
John  Sullivan 
Katherine  White 
Kathryn  Woodford 
Nyetta  Yarkin 


Office  of  Public  Affairs 

Sara  Bomberg 
Sylvia  Clark 

Department  of  Applied  Arts 

DIVISION  OF  GRAPHIC  ARTS 

Peter  Doll 

Edward  L.  Eisenstein 

Susan  Gaghan 

DIVISION  OF  PHOTOGRAPHIC  HISTORY 

Dee  Clarke 
James  Seret 

DIVISION  OF  POSTAL  HISTORY 

George  Bull 
Fay  Clinkscale 

DIVISION  OF  TEXTILES 

Louise  D.  Belcher 
Elizabeth  Brown 
Gladys  Dougherty 
Ilene  Joyce 
Margaret  McComb 
Cathy  McKinney 

Department  of  Cultural  History 


DIVISION  OF  COSTUME  AND  FURNISHINGS 


Gertrude  Kayten 
Kent  Natirbov 


Ellen  McKee 
Betty  Naylor 
Ralph  Remley 


Arlene  Sirkin 
Anne  Zelle 


Karen  Elder 
Elizabeth  Ketcham 


Norma  Papish 
Rose  F.  Trippi 
Lisa  Van  Beaver 
Kay  Walker 
Melissa  Wood 
Sally  Wright 


Barbara  Dickstein 
Mary  Louise  Freeburger 
Betty  Kramer 


DIVISION  OF  MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS 


Judith  Britt 
Christina  Kramer 


Jane  Krumrine 
Dorothy  Pouquet 


Fred  McSweeney 
Mark  Montefusco 


DIVISION  OF  PREINDUSTRIAL  CULTURAL  HISTORY 

Gwendolyn  Edwards 

Department  of  Industries 

DIVISION  OF  AGRICULTURE  AND  MINING 

Susan  Cohen 


500  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Department  of  National  and  Military  History 

DIVISION  OF  MILITARY  HISTORY 

Richard  Crawford 


John  I.  H.  Eales 
George  R.  Hamer 

DIVISION  OF  NAVAL  HISTORY 

Frank  Davis 

DIVISION  OF  POLITICAL  HISTORY 

Barbara  Chapman 


Larry  D.  Pascal 
Carolyn  Schorer 


Mary  Ellen  Kay 


Department  of  Science  and  Technology 

DIVISION  OF  ELECTRICITY  AND  NUCLEAR  ENERGY 

Dexter  Anderson  Peter  Kurtz 

Joseph  Fincutter  John  H.  Swafford 

SECTION  OF  MATHEMATICS 

Todd  Rumph 

DIVISION  OF  MECHANICAL  AND  CIVIL  ENGINEERING 


Charles  T.  G.  Looney 

DIVISION  OF  MEDICAL  SCIENCES 

Helen  Barsanti 
Mary  Jane  Burwell 
Marguerite  Hannon 
Carolyn  Harshaw 
Gladys  Johnson 

TECHNICAL  LABORATORY 

Walter  F.  Aerni 
Nathaniel  Choate  II 
Robert  M.  Comly 
Walter  S.  Jones 


Irmgard  Taylor 


Marion  Koehler 
Mary  Lane 
Jeanne  Pappous 
Mary  Lou  Stevenson 


William  F.  McCarthy 
Frederick  N.  Saxton 
Stanley  C.  Stumbo 


NATIONAL  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Curatorial  Department 
MacKenzie  Carpenter 


Catalog  of  American  Portraits 

Lucy  Gregg 
Polly  Markham 

Office  of  Curator  of  Exhibitions 

JoAnne  Cufrie 
Atalanta  Grant-Suttie 

Office  of  Public  Affairs 
Nancy  White 


Lydia  Keller 
Mary  Titus 

Georgia  Sutton 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  501 


Charles  Willson  Peale  Papers 

Peggy  Dong 
Marilyn  Gilbert 


Jean  Gwaltney 
Dorothy  Labourne 


Print  Department 

Theodore  Bleecker 
Ruth  Furey 
Nathan  Gilbert 
Katie  Gilligan 
Barbara  S.  Hayler 
Pat  Hilburn 
Ruth  Hill 
Connie  Imming 
Joyce  Ingle 
Katy  Jewett 
Miriam  Kuskin 
Dixie  Lee 
Linda  Leslie 
Clarice  Levy 
Justin  Lewis 
Joan  Liebman 
Jan  Lissey 

Office  of  Education 

Ms.  Mary-Agnes  Anderson 
Mrs.  Marion  Artwohl 
Mrs.  Pat  Boedecker 
Mrs.  Lillian  Brickman 
Mrs.  Kathy  Campoli 
Ms.  Belle  Church 
Mrs.  Helen  Clendenin 
Mrs.  Gerry  Compher 
Mrs.  Bertha  Epstein 
Mrs.  Marjorie  Findly 
Mrs.  Joyce  Fried 
Mrs.  Eleanor  Fullerton 
Mrs.  Ruth  Furey 
Mr.  Nathan  Gilbert 
Mrs.  Katie  Gilligan 
Mrs.  Pat  Hilburn 
Mrs.  Ruth  Hill 
Mrs.  Connie  Imming 
Mrs.  Joyce  Ingle 
Mrs.  Katy  Jewett 
Mrs.  Miriam  Kuskin 
Mrs.  Dixie  Lee 

OFFICE  OF  AMERICAN  STUDIES 
Andrea  Oliff  Ludwig 


Sylvia  Littman 
Marjorie  Matthews 
Mercedes  McCarthy 
Thomas  Mills 
Elizabeth  Monroe 
Martha  Morales 
Linda  Nichols 
Bernice  Rashish 
Sue  Reed 

Dianne  Rosenbaum 
Sydell  Sandy 
Edythe  Shepsle 
Margaret  Slabinski 
Virginia  Tannar 
Sandra  Tussing 
Vivian  Ware 
Frances  Wilson 


Ms.  Linda  Leslie 
Mrs.  Clarice  Levy 
Mr.  Justin  Lewis 
Mrs.  Joan  Liebman 
Mrs.  Jan  Lissey 
Mrs.  Sylvia  Littman 
Mrs.  Marjorie  Matthews 
Mrs.  Mercedes  McCarthy 
Mr.  Thomas  Mills 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Monroe 
Mrs.  Martha  Morales 
Mrs.  Linda  Nichols 
Mrs.  Bernice  Rashish 
Mrs.  Sue  Reed 
Mrs.  Dianne  Rosenbaum 
Mrs.  Sydell  Sandy 
Mrs.  Edythe  Shepsle 
Mrs.  Margaret  Slabinski 
Mrs.  Virginia  Tannar 
Mrs.  Sandra  Tussing 
Mrs.  Vivian  Ware 
Mrs.  Frances  Wilson 


MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  ARCHIVES 
Robert  M.  Mitchell 


502  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


OFFICE  OF  EXHIBITS  CENTRAL 

Lighting  Unit 
Joseph  Brown 

Model  Production 
Nancy  Lewis 

Freeze-Dry  Lab 
Paul  Mackey 

SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  TRAVELING  EXHIBITION 
SERVICE 

David  Kausal 


OFFICE  OF  HORTICULTURE 

Tom  Chmelik  Hortense  M.  Russell 

Ruth  Craig  Betsy  Swift 

Stuart  Craig  Emily  Trimbok 

Marton  Drummond  Ann  Upton 

Christian  Homsi  Margaret  Varner 

Betty  Mcintosh  Wendy  Welhaf 

Alyse  Miller  Leila  Wilson 

Hazel  Miller  Mary  June  Wilson 

Gigi  Peters  Nancy  Wood 

Kirby  Rodriguez  Meg  Wylie 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  of  Design  Library 

Regina  Brauer  Dennis  Landis 

Wesley  Day  Margaret  Luchars 

David  DeCasseres  Edith  MacGuire 

Marilyn  Francis  Nancy  Masur 

Karen  Giannelli  Jim  Moskin 

Rita  Goodfleisch  Jose  Sagaz 

Mary  Klinger  Baylie  Smith 

Suzanne  Kulkman  Sheila  Smith 
Anne  B.  Laderman 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden  Library 
Sally  Chandler  Constance  Rowland 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum  Library 
Charles  V.  Morris  Elvin  Schmitt 

NCFA/NPG  Slide  and  Photography  Library 

Catherine  Day  Debbie  Hill 

Monica  Hawley  Martha  Zito 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  503 


PUBLIC  SERVICE 

ANACOSTIA  NEIGHBORHOOD  MUSEUM 

Mobile 
Michael  Thomas 


DIVISION  OF  PERFORMING  ARTS 

Festival  of  American  Folklife 

Volunteers  with  one  asterisk  next  to  their  names  have  worked  between  20 
and  35  days.  Those  with  two  asterisks  have  worked  over  35  days.  It  is  im- 
portant to  note  that  many  volunteers  with  no  asterisks  next  to  their  name 
have  worked  just  under  20  days. 


Marilyn  Abel 
Elinor  Abramson 
Robert  Acuavera 
Elizabeth  Adams 
Bill  Aldenderfer 
Raymond  Alston* 
Richard  Anckner,  Jr.* 
Francisco  Anderson 
Gwyn  Anderson* 
Joe  Anderson 
Lois  J.  Anderson 
Nephelie  Andonyadis 
Susan  E.  Andre 
Beverly  Argo 
Kim  Argo 
Holly  Arnold 
Jack  Arnold 
Wanda  Arrington** 
Harriet  Austin* 
Barbara  Avent** 
Betty  Avery 
Eleanor  Baca 
Perscilla  Baca 
Carrie  Bagwill* 
John  Ganver  Bailey* 
Cheryl  Balston 
Donica  Barrow* 
Amy  Barry 
Nancy  Bateman* 
Beth  Beach 
Linda  Beach 
Dorothy  Beltrone 
Samuel  Bens** 
Sylvia  Bentley 
Gary  Benton 
Linda  Benton 
Nancy  Bercaw* 
Jean  M.  Berg 
Marion  Berman 
Saul  Berman 


Susan  Ellen  Bernick 
Carol  Bernstein 
Janet  Lynn  Bernstein* 
Lisa  Berryman 
Lori  Beuck 
Louise  Bigbee 
R.  B.  Blair 
Leo  Blanchette 
Tina  Blanchette 
Nancy  Bleistein 
Gretchen  Bloom 
Nicholas  Bocher 
Jerrilyn  Boggerson* 
Julia  Bohabat 
Curtis  Bohlen 
Nina  Bohlen 
Gina  Bonsignore* 
Donna  Bornstein 
Sue  Boshoven 
Michael  Bozardt 
Laura  Bozardt 
Anthony  Brand 
Lynne  Bresler 
Elizabeth  Bridges* 
Mary  Bridges 
Anna  Brown 
Barbara  Lee  Brown 
Brenda  Brown** 
Dennis  Brown* 
Donna  Brown 
Erin  Brown 
Esther  M.  Brown 
Mira  M.  Brown* 
Joseph  Burly* 
Jonathan  B.  Burns 
Dane  Buschmeyer* 
Eric  Butler* 
Susan  Butler 
Georgiann  Marie  Cady 
Jean  Campbell 


Jean  Cantor 
Philippe  Capiav 
Barbara  Capozzola 
Jeff  Carr* 
Alison  Carroll 
Olga  Casillas 
Keith  Chamberlain** 
Douglas  L.  Chambers 
Michele  Chambers 
Allen  Chan** 
Bessie  Chandler** 
Debra  Chanil 
Stephen  J.  Chant 
Edward  Chao 
Guenther  Chapin 
Nina  Chapin 
Faye  Chavez 
Virginia  Cheung 
Lucy  N.  Chimulewski 
Debra  Ciancio 
J.  Carole  Clarke* 
Liz  Clarke* 
Margi  Clarke 
Hannelore  Claudy 
Rikki  Clauss 
Andre  Clyburn* 
Renee  Clyburn** 
Mark  Cogen* 
Sam  Cohen 
Pearline  Coleman** 
Kevin  Collier 
Sean  Collier 
Virginia  Collins 
Ann  Conger* 
Roger  Congress** 
Martha  E.  Connell 
Eileen  Connolly 
Carolyn  Cooke 
Bert  Cooper* 
Claire  Conroy 


504  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


David  Cornejo* 
Robert  Cornejo 
Dolly  Coulter** 
William  R.  Coyle  IV 
Jean  Crawford 
Dawn  Crockrell* 
Gina  Cross** 
Nancie  Cross 
Wanda  Crowder* 
Anthony  Crowley 
Dorothea  Crowley** 
Nina  Cruz 
Maura  Curran 
Heather  Cutting 
Victorie  D'Agostino 
Mary  Dailey 
Nancy  Dailey** 
Sandie  Dalrymple 
Patrick  Dant 
Don  Darnauer 
Mary  Dashiell 
Cary  Davis* 
Kathy  Davis 
Ann  Day 
Isabel  Day 
Jane  Day 
Linda  Susan  Dean 
Lydia  De  Greve 
Anne  Delaney 
Richard  Delewski 
Matthew  Dickens** 
Laura  Dismukes 
Mark  Dizard* 
Penny  Dounis 
Nancy  Dray 
Evan  Dubasky 
Richard  Dubasky* 
Bryan  DuBois** 
Nancy  Leah  Dudwick 
Louise  Dugan 
Gene  Dwyer 
Kathy  Dwyer 
Mimi  Dwyer 
Paul  Dwyer 
Anne  Easton 
Leslie  Edlund 
Janet  Edmonds 
Richard  Edson 
Yvonne  Ellis 
Monica  Ellison** 
Melissa  Elmore* 
Susan  Endelman 
Andrew  Engel* 
Esther  Erkman 
Jasmine  Erskian 
Linda  Erskian 


Helen  Fairley 

Karen  Falk** 

Karen  Farnsworth 

Deborah  Fears 

Nora  Felder** 

Linda  Finkelman 

Debbie  Finken 

Susan  Finken 

Leila  Finn 

Mary  Ellen  Finnigan* 

Thomas  E.  Fisher* 

Elaine  M.  Fitzback 

Maria  Fitzpatrick 

Maurice  Stillman  Flagg  III 

John  Fleming 

Mary  Fleming 

Jean  Ford* 

Martin  S.  Forman 

Stephanie  Fox** 

Lisa  Francis 

Karen  Frank** 

Mike  Frank 

Andrew  Franz** 

Randy  Freed 

Anne  Freeman 

Mary  A.  Freeman 

Ellen  Freudenthal 

Joel  Friedman 

Amy  Fulton 

Victor  Gaberman* 

John  Garfield 

Mary  Garland* 

Adrienne  Garretson 

Gretchen  Geiger* 

Sharon  Gelboin 

John  Gemmill 

Benji  Gibson* 

Stacey  Gibson** 

Anne  Gilbert 

Elliott  Gimble* 

Rachel  Glazer 

Joseph  M.  Goffney,  Jr. 

Sheila  Goodman* 

Janet  Gordetsky 

Lisa  Gordon 

Laurie  Gorman 

Julie  Ellen  Gossett 

Helen  Grassl 

Tony  Green 

Pam  Grignon 

Kelly  Grimm 

Amy  Gross 

Helen  Gross 

Laura  Hails 

Troy  Hails 

Phyllis  Hall* 


Carol  Ann  Halprin* 
Holly  Halsey 
Mike  Halsey 
Shirley  Hamburg 
Kathryn  Hamilton 
Susan  Hammond 
Allison  Hampton 
Marilyn  Hannan* 
Nancy  Harley** 
Nancy  Harrell 
James  Harris* 
Junie  Harris** 
Rylan  Harris** 
Thomas  Harris* 
Bobbie  Hart 
Wes  Hartley 
John  Hayes 
Marcella  Healy 
Patricia  Healey 
Anne  Herrmann 
Cal  Herrmann 
Conrad  Herrmann 
Eric  Herrmann 
Lani  Herrmann 
Sarinha  Herz* 
Grace  Higginbottom* 
Sandy  Hinshaw 
Holly  L.  Hoffman 
Mary  Holland 
Anna  Holloway* 
Cherryl  Holly* 
Esther  Holzbauer 
Sally  Holzbauer* 
Catherine  Horvath 
Pam  House 
Bonnie  Hum 
Frederick  D.  Hunley* 
Cathleene  Hunter* 
Regina  Hunter** 
Michael  Hurley 
Andrea  Iaderosa 
Sue  Immerman 
Ellie  Iverson 
Vicky  Izzo 
Eva  Jakubowski 
Lynda  Janowiak 
Helane  Jeffreys 
Dave  Johnson 
David  Johnson 
Leanne  Johnson 
Leon  Johnson* 
Vicki  Johnson* 
Rhonda  Jones* 
Wayne  Jones 
Yvonne  Jones** 
Pam  Juett 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  505 


Ann  Jung* 
Ellen  Just 
Margaret  Karam** 
Linda  Keenan* 
Carole  Keene** 
Mark  Kelly 
Patty  Kelly 
Teresa  Kennedy 
Terri  Kerner 
Kathy  Kiefer* 
Tracey  Kirk 
Michael  Kiron 
Laura  Mae  Kittle* 
Diane  Klein 
Mike  Klein 
Meg  Knox* 
Gabriele  Koenig 
Barbara  A.  Koll 
Karen  H.  Krahn 
Minnie  Krantz 
Jason  Krause** 
Jane  Kreisman 
Steve  Kromer 
Suzanne  Kubota* 
David  Kuhlman** 
Barbara  Kurze 
Yuri  Kusuda 
William  D.  Laahs 
Raymond  Lane 
Agnes  Van  Langenhove 
Piera  Larocca* 
Betsy  Larimore 
Florence  Leestma 
Lizabeth  Lessin 
Pearl  Levenson 
Rose  Caryn  Levine 
Lauren  Lewis** 
Jane  Lincoln 
Jan  E.  Linden** 
Marissa  E.  Longo 
Carlos  Lopez** 
Genaro  Lopez** 
Jose  Lopez** 
Maria  Lopez** 
Eric  Lorentzen 
Tina  Lorentzen 
Susi  Lowe* 
Tina  Lunson 
Todd  Lyles 
Robert  Lynch 
Ann  MacArthur 
Kenneth  Mack** 
A.  Martin  Macy** 
Rosanne  Maher 
Katie  Mallinson 
Leigh  Mailliard 


Tim  Maloy* 

Susan  E.  Mango 

Jeff  Mann 

Robert  W.  Mann** 

Shirley  Mansell** 

Athena  Manthos 

Melanie  Marshall 

Juaquin  Martinez** 

Linda  Mason 

Sue  Mason 

Donna  Masten 

Brian  McCarthy 

Kate  McCarthy 

Susan  McCarthy  McDonald 

Michael  McElderry 

Marcia  McGrath 

David  H.  McKillop,  Jr. 

Michael  McLean 

Kim  McLeveighn 

Patricia  Karen  McQuaid* 

Donald  Mehlman 

Liza  Melendes 

Chris  Merrill 

Margaret  Christine  Metcalf 

John  Milketich 

Susan  Miles 

Angela  Miller* 

Stanley  E.  Miller 

Tamara  Miller 

Anne  Mire 

Josef  Mire 

Lena  Mitchell 

Sally  Mitlitzky 

Lois  Moran 

Patricia  D.  Morgan* 

Charles  Morris** 

Carol  Morrisey 

Jerry  Morrisey 

Genee  Morrissey 

Kristen  Mosbaek 

Sheila  Moses 

Richard  W.  Muenchow* 

Madeline  Murray 

Ruth  E.  Myer 

Jeff  Myers 

Susan  Myers 

Thad  P.  Myers* 

Ann  Nagle 

Susan  Nahwoosky 

Mariko  Nakade 

Christine  J.  Neuberger* 

Nancy  New 

Lisa  Nunez 

Betsy  Oda* 

Vicki  O'Keefe* 

Patrick  J.  O'Lone* 


Jenny  Orleans* 
Victoria  Atlantic  Page* 
Jenny  Parke 
Louise  A.  Pate 
Joan  Paul 
Lauren  Payne* 
Marietta  Pendarvis** 
Lloyd  Pernell* 
Nina  Perrot 
Bettie  Peterson** 
Grant  Mark  Peterson 
Karen  Phillips 
Patricia  Marie  Pipik 
Adele  Poggi 
Carole  Poggi 
Mona  Poyta  Prane 
Karen  Lynne  Praisner 
Anne  E.  Prendergast 
Jennie  Prensky 
Mandy  Prigg 
Carolyn  Prouty* 
Tammy  Quattrociocchi 
Mary  Hammond  Raitt 
Gun-Maj  Ramberg 
John  Ranard 
Angela  Randolph** 
Kwan  Reagon** 
Toshi  Reagon** 
Lauren  Reel 
Alex  Reith 
Jules  S.  Renaud* 
Mary  Resing 
Rick  Richardson 
Naomi  Richfield 
Denise  Riding  In 
Debbie  Riding  In 
Paul  Risley 
Rosemary  Robb** 
Michael  Robey 
Janice  Robinson** 
Ruth  Rondberg 
Dan  Rosen 
Olive  Rosen 
Sonia  Rosen** 
Daniel  Rosenblum 
Jane  Rosenblum 
Beth  Rosner 
Mindy  Rottenberg** 
Muriel  Roudabush 
Robin  Sadin 
Martha  Gale  Saltz 
Debbie  Santora 
Patrizia  Saraceni 
Jane  Sasaki 
Sheila  Sawant 
Josh  Sawislaki* 


506  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Rick  Scarce 
Bonnie  Schrack 
Samuel  Schuchat 
Teresa  Ann  Schwab 
Maria  J.  Schwartz 
Ronnie  Schwartz 
Karen  Schwimmer 
Judy  Ann  Scott** 
Anne  Scribner 
Libby  Elizabeth  Scribner 
Pepe  Seijas** 
Pinkey  Seijas** 
David  Colin  Selzer 
Eva  Semple 
Sara  L.  Shafer* 
Suzanne  Shapiro 
John  S.  Sharood 
Julia  M.  Sharood 
Catherine  M.  Shea 
Susan  Shea** 
Martha  Sherman* 
Pamela  Shortkroff 
Mark  Shulimson 
Nadine  Sielecki 
Tammy  Sielecki 
Thais  Sielecki 
Michelle  Silas** 
Christopher  Sillars* 
Andrew  H.  Simon** 
Charlotte  A.  Simpson 
Myrna  Sislen 
Barbara  Sismondo 
Carol  Slatkin 
Connie  Smith** 
Donna  Smith 
Doug  Smith 
Paula  Bailey  Smith 
Richard  Smith 
Ellen  Snyderman 
Eve  C.  Soldinger 
Eric  Solot 


William  H.  Somerville,  Jr. 

Susan  Sommer 

Janet  Sorey 

Sarah  Spann* 

Renee  M.  Speenburgh* 

Amy  Spiegel 

Tim  Spivak 

Lynn  Staffieri 

Karin  B.  Stanford* 

Blanche  E.  Stephens 

Gail  Anne  Stevens 

Mary  Stickles 

Seth  Strauss* 

Bonnie  N.  Sweet 

Leah  Tacheron 

Marva  West  Tan 

Laura  Tang 

Lori  Tedd 

John  S.  Teunis 

Elizabeth  R.  Thomas 

Vicki  Thompson** 

Maria  Tijerino 

Barbara  Todd* 

Deborah  J.  Todd 

Glen  Todd* 

Payson  Todd 

Alex  Totz 

Linda  Faith  Towney* 

Valerie  Trent 

Sharon  M.  Trimiar 

Laura  J.  Tuchman 

Phyllis  Tucker 

Leslie  Turpin 

Anne  M.  Twigg 

Rubye  Tyree** 

Delia  M.  Ullberg* 

Cynthia  M.  Ulman* 

Carlson  Vicenti* 

Carryl  Vigil* 

Tom  Villemi 

Marge  Wagner 


Marjorie  C.  Walbridge 
Joanne  Wall 
Kim  Watson 
Sally  Webster 
Penny  Weinberger 
Tamara  Weinstein 
Stan  Weintraub 
Sarah  F.  Wellborn* 
Mark  Wells 
Annie  Laurie  Whalen 
Karl  Whitaker 
Carolyn  White 
Judy  White 
Kathleen  White 
Sandra  Whitfield* 
Susan  Whiting 
Julie  Wilder 
Mike  Wildberger 
Sara  Wildberger 
Donald  Wilhelm* 
Amy  Wilkins 
Chas  Williams 
Denise  Williams** 
Jeannette  Williams 
John  Williams** 
Johnny  Williams** 
Karen  Williams 
Carol  Wilson 
Audrey  Wing 
Marjorie  Wing 
Elaine  Wooten 
Billie  Wooten 
Susan  Wrampelmeier 
Kathy  Yang 
Cherisa  Yorkin 
Judy  Young 
E.  Grace  Yuen* 
Konrad  Zaharko 
Joe  Zauner 
Audrey  Zimmerman* 
Jennifer  Ann  Zito 


OFFICE  OF  PUBLIC  AFFAIRS 
Edna  Luginbuhl 


RESIDENT  ASSOCIATES  PROGRAM 


June  Bashkin 
Margaret  Binning 
Viola  Burroughs 
Thomas  Canada 
Virginia  Caton 


Virginia  Collins 
John  Eales 
Theodore  Fetter 
Beatrice  Gray 
Elizabeth  Holden 
Raoul  Kulberg 


Ruth  Myer 
Dorothy  Parry 
Cora  Pyles 
Barbara  Reed 
William  Trigg 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  507 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  PRESS 
Roberta  Downes  Patricia  Fisher 


Jennie  Clyde  Hollis 


VISITOR  INFORMATION  AND  ASSOCIATES'  RECEPTION  CENTER 


Information  Specialists 


Roselyn  Abitbol 
Lynn  Adlersberg 
Doris  Alenier 
Seymour  Alenier 
Lois  Alexander 
Ann  Alexandrou 
Marion  Andersen 
Mary  Andresen 
Tiiu  Anniko 
Rose  Ascarelli 
Mary  Ashton 
Mildred  Askegaard 
Janice  Bachtell 
Richard  Baritz 
Edith  Barnett 
Miriam  Baskind 
Dorothy  Beatty 
Mildred  Beck 
Phyllis  Beek 
Adaline  Beeson 
Leah  Beitia 
Louise  Belcher 
Janyce  Bell 
Gery  Berg 
Susan  Biebel 
Elizabeth  Bilbrough 
Margaret  Binning 
Ethel  Blatt 
Mary  Bogdan 
Sara  Bomberg 
Susan  Bortz 
Jackson  Bosley 
Sandra  Bosley 
Lydia-Minota  Boulton 
Eleanor  Boyne 
Frances  Bradley 
Josephine  Bradshaw 
Frances  Braun 
Helen  Bremberg 
Nancy  Breul 
Trudy  Brisendine 
Yetta  Bronstein 
Elizabeth  Brown 
M.  V.  Bruner 
Maureen  Bryant 
Dorotea  Bryce 
Helen  Buchheim 


Alberto  Bueno 
Nancy  Burch 
Marie  Burdette 
Sara  Butts 
Margaret  Campbell 
Maria  Carroll 
Carolyn  Carter 
Louise  Carter 
Dorothy  Cascioni 
Shirley  Ann  Casey 
Toni  Castagnolo 
Wilhelmina  Cerine 
Maria  Chanin 
Eleanor  Clark 
Evelyn  Clark 
Marcelle  Clark 
Kathleen  Clift 
Julia  Coleman 
Ann  Collins 
Virginia  Collins 
Robert  Coons 
Debbie  Cornelius 
Mina  Costin 
Loretta  Coughlin 
Hazel  Coulter 
Jayne  Craig 
Jane  Crawford 
Sylvia  Csiffary 
Jane  Cumming 
Margery  Cunningham 
Deborah  Currier 
Helen  Curry 
Karla  Curtis 
Delores  Daniel 
Donna  Davis 
Evelyn  Davis 
Josephine  deChern 
Donna  De  Corleto 
Marguerite  Dempsey 
Donna  Dieter 
Mimi  Dince 
Peggy  Disney 
Teresa  Dixon 
Theodore  Domino 
Sandra  Doppelheuer 
Veronica  Downey 
Charlotta  Durrer 


Pauline  Edwards 
Melanie  Ehrhart 
Linda  Erskian 
Jean  Essley 
Audrey  Evans 
Richard  Evans 
Lauren  Fauer 
Robert  Finley 
Madeline  Finney 
Mildred  Fishbein 
Dorothy  Fisk 
Genevieve  Fitzgerald 
Karen  Fitzgerald 
Gary  Friedman 
Marcella  Gambill 
Grace  Gast 
Virginia  Gates 
Loraine  Gelen 
Helen  Ginberg 
Tina  Giovanni 
Frances  Glukenhous 
Mildred  Golder 
Genevieve  Gonet 
Nola  Gooden 
Ruth  Goodman 
Sam  Gorelick 
Louise  Gottlieb 
June  Graham 
Beatrice  Gray 
Berta  Green 
Myrtle  Greissinger 
Donna  Griffitts 
Helen  Gunderson 
Grace  Gunn 
Anthony  Hacsi 
Virginia  Haidacher 
Mabel  Hall 
Laura  Hammann 
Frank  Hammond 
Kristine  Harnest 
Harriett  Harper 
Jane  Harris 
Charlene  Hart 
Polly  Hartman 
Patricia  Hazelwood 
Jo  Ann  Hearld 
Freda  Hegg 


508  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Charlotte  Hendee 
Susan  Henretta 
Betty  Hess 
Josephine  Hines 
Julia  Hitz 
Mary  Hoch 
Jane  Hogan 
William  Hogan 
Shirley  Holmes 
Nancy  Horton 
Elizabeth  Horn 
Pauline  Hubbard 
Mary  Hundley 
Rae  Hurwitz 
Isabel  Hutson 
Ruth  Inkpen 
Evelyn  Jackson 
Sherrie  James 
Virginia  Jeffers 
Jane  Jeffrey 
Elizabeth  Johnson 
Hildegard  Johnson 
Winifred  Johnson 
Bernice  Jones 
Madeleine  Jones 
Margaret  Jones 
Edwina  Jordan 
Catherine  Karpick 
Nancy  Karro 
Mary  Kasik 
Karen  Keeney 
Ada  Kenk 
Helen  Kenney 
Linda  King 
Virginia  King 
Evelyn  Kragie 
Mary  Kruegel 
Jean  Krumm 
Walter  Kurtz 
Elisa  Kybal 
Felix  Lapinski 
Katheryne  Lawson 
Esther  Lawton 
Dorothy  Laybourne 
Elizabeth  Leedy 
Charlotte  Leib 
Myrtle  Leidman 
Mary  Letts 
Anna  Levine 
Rae  Lewis 
Margaret  Liebert 
Claudia  Lockard 
Juliet  Lohr 
Arvilla  Longcor 
Carol  Lovell 
Audrey  Luster 


Mary  Ann  Luster 
Mildred  MacGarvey 
Constance  MacMillan 
Barbara  Majewski 
Marie  Martin 
Elwyn  Mauck 
Mary  Mauck 
Maria  McCarthy 
Virginia  McClung 
Margaret  McComb 
Caroline  McCullough 
John  McCullough 
Matthew  McCullough 
Kathryn  McCutchen 
Sue  McDill 
Ruth  McGinn 
Marjory  McGuire 
Mary  McKay 
Edith  McLeod 
Marjorie  McMurtry 
Daisy  Mendizabal 
Jeanne  Merrill 
Agnes  Merton 
Anne  Mesmer 
Beatrice  Mirman 
Margaret  Misegades 
Robert  Mish 
Maryann  Miskiewicz 
Marty  Morgan 
Elizabeth  Morin 
Kathryn  Murphy 
Barbara  Myers 
Dana  Nickelsburg 
Lorene  Norbeck 
Susan  Normand 
Jessie  Norton 
Janet  Nunnelley 
Josephine  Olker 
Margaret  O'Neill 
Gladys  Ozanne 
Adele  Palant 
Angeline  Pascuzzi 
Irene  Peer 
Patricia  Pelatan 
Lucille  Pendell 
Beatrice  Peterson 
Diane  Petrillo 
Cynthia  Pikul 
Pat  Pitman 
Helen  Plotka 
Nellie  Poleschuk 
Marion  Putnam 
Gladys  Quintero 
Deborah  Raisher 
Mark  Raisher 
Karen  Rankin 


Miriam  Rasmussen 
Muriel  Raum 
Isabel  Rea 
Dorothy  Richardson 
Annabel  Ripley 
Ethel  Robertson 
Ann  Robitaille 
Frances  Rogers 
Gloria  Rogers 
Rita  Rogers 
Donna  Rorer 
Doris  Santamour 
Ann  Schmidt 
Elisabeth  Schilling 
Joleen  Schroeder 
Irma  Schwartz 
Chris  Scoredps 
Maxine  Scott 
Dorothy  Sebert 
Dianne  Seidler 
Deborah  Sherwood 
Ruth  Shook 
Annette  Shoyer 
Lois  Diane  Shumate 
Mary  Siu 
Suzanne  Skiscim 
Marcia  Slappey 
Doris  Slavin 
Diana  Smith 
Edith  Smith 
Nora  Smyth 
Kathleen  Snedaker 
Dorothy  Spahr 
Barbara  Spangenberg 
Mark  Speca 
Cyril  Speizman 
Barbara  Stafford 
Dorothy  Starr 
Louise  Steele 
Helen  Stephan 
Shirlee  Stern 
Laura  Stevens 
Grace  Stol 
Esther  Strnad 
Anne  Sullivan 
Julie  Sutton 
Vivian  Swan 
Wendy  Swanson 
Bonnie  Sweet 
Grace  Sweet 
Frances  Syetta 
Bernice  Talley 
Charlotte  Taylor 
Abigail  Temple 
Joyce  Thatcher 
Kathleen  Thorne 


Appendix  10.  Volunteers  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  509 


Eileen  Timmins 
Maria  Todd 
Rita  Tuck 
Dorothy  Tull 
Charles  Tylander 
Fran  Tylander 
Stella  Uhorczuk 
Ruth  Ulbrich 
Gilmer  Van  Poole 
Virginia  Vitucci 
Elizabeth  Wade 

Public  Mail  Service 
Hope  Patterson 

Translations 

Lydia-Minota  Boulton 
Hildegard  Johnson 


Katherine  Walker 
Kay  Walker 
Andy  Wallace 
Debbie  Wang 
Hsin-Yu  Wang 
Dorothy  Warner 
Gladys  Warner 
Rheba  Wartham 
Susan  Wetzler 
Theresa  Wilgus 
Theresa  Wilson 


Mary  Jane  Young 


Elisa  Kybal 
Matthew  McCullough 


Debbie  Wine 
Raedina  Winters 
Marie  Wolf 
Bertha  Wolman 
Bessie  Wright 
Susan  Wright 
Thelma  Wright 
Christine  Yerger 
Mary  Jane  Young 
Alice  Yuen 
Lu  Zazanis 


OFFICE  OF  DIRECTOR  OF  SUPPORT  ACTIVITIES 

OFFICE  OF  PRINTING  AND  PHOTOGRAPHIC  SERVICES 
Charles  Brenner  John  Thompson 


510  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


APPENDIX  11.  Visitors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976 


Smithsonian 

Arts  & 

Natural 

Air  & 

Freer 

History  & 

Institution 

Industries 

History 

Space 

Gallery 

Technology 

Month 

Building 

Building1 

Building 

Building2 

of  Art 

Building 

July,  1975 

162,578 

255,064 

561,606 

221,223 

25,247 

880,634 

August 

176,641 

3,483 

595,469 

261,034 

26,954 

870,746 

September 

47,867 

182,962 

65,041 

16,739 

289,685 

October 

72,001 

+ 

264,033 

75,058 

20,075 

399,685 

November 

55,087 

285,841 

55,503 

17,527 

373,778 

December 

35,394 

202,638 

12,112 

251,529 

January,  1976 

47,177 

176,223 

11,630 

249,943 

February 

39,596 

209,627 

90,294 

12,203 

277,540 

March 

66,213 

312,466 

130,451 

16,784 

423,470 

April 

110,439 

572,550 

191,517 

23,596 

822,584 

May 

100,857 

136,610 

495,986 

167,348 

22,160 

843,399 

June 

119,953 

197,243 

483,200 

193,607 

20,230 

635,971 

July 

122,471 

239,366 

626,581 

1,180,899 

22,124 

633,003 

August 

119,706 

214,103 

630,363 

1,244,881 

23,633 

612,958 

September 

49,631 

89,538 

278,669 

636,474 

13,460 

278,669 

TOTALS 

1,325,611 

1,135,407 

5,878,214 

4,513,330 

284,474 

7,843,594 

Fine  Arts 

Anacostia 

&  Portrait 

Renwick 

Hirshhorn 

Neighborhood 

Month 

Galleries 

Gallery 

Museum 

Museum 

Totals 

July  1975 

36,496 

16,701 

165,777 

1,755 

2,327,081 

August 

40,220 

22,942 

174,935 

953 

2,173,377 

September 

36,512 

14,528 

99,651 

1,150 

754,135 

October 

47,212 

15,815 

122,366 

10,878 

1,027,123 

November 

45,933 

17,867 

127,534 

1,846 

980,916 

December 

35,840 

14,885 

82,717 

2,237 

637,352 

January,  1976 

31,908 

14,812 

82,918 

104 

614,715 

February 

35,286 

17,161 

100,888 

2,169 

784,764 

March 

38,595 

28,087 

125,240 

2,654 

1,143,960 

April 

41,046 

21,729 

177,765 

3,043 

1,964,269 

May 

42,444 

20,701 

174,299 

2,159 

2,005,963 

June 

33,739 

17,123 

153,538 

1,854,604 

July 

41,846 

16,820 

170,749 

1,967 

3,055,826 

August 

40,599 

17,241 

173,750 

1,877 

3,079,111 

September 

49,631 

12,600 

89,916 

1,608 

1,500,196 

TOTALS 

597,307 

269,012 

2,022,043 

34,400 

23,903,392 

1  The  Arts  and  Industries  Building  was  closed  from  August  1,  1975,  to  May  10,  1976. 

2  The  Old  Air  and  Space  Building  was  closed  permanently  in  December  1975.  The 
lobby  of  the  new  Air  and  Space  Museum  opened  in  February  1976.  The  entire 
Museum  was  opened  to  the  public  on  July  1,  1976. 

note:  Visitors  to  the  National  Zoological  Park  (not  reflected  in  the  above  figures) 
totaled  2,500,000  from  July  1,  1975,  through  September  30,  1976. 


Appendix  11.  Visitors  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  511 


APPENDIX  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  and 
Its  Subsidiaries,  September  30,  1976 


SECRETARY'S  OFFICE  AND  RELATED  ACTIVITIES 

THE    SECRETARY    S.  DILLON  RIPLEY 

Executive  Assistant Dorothy  Rosenberg 

Special  Assistant James  M.  Hobbins 

Special  Assistant  to  the  Secretary Richard  H.  Howland 

Special  Assistant  to  the  Secretary Margaret  Hird 

Assistant  Secretary  for  Science David  Challinor 

Assistant  Secretary  for  History  and  Art.  Charles  Blitzer 

Assistant  Secretary  for  Public  Service  .  .  Julian  T.  Euell 

Assistant  Secretary  for  Museum  Programs  Paul  N.  Perrot 

Assistant  Secretary  for  Administration  .  John  F.  Jameson 

Treasurer    T.  Ames  Wheeler 

Director,  Office  of  Membership 

and  Development James  McK.  Symington 

Director  of  Support  Activities Richard  L.  Ault 

Curator,  Smithsonian  Institution  Building  James  M.  Goode 

Honorary  Research  Associates   Alexander  Wetmore,  Secretary 

Emeritus 
Paul  H.  Oehser 

SCIENCE 

Assistant  Secretary .  David  Challinor 

Executive  Officer    Harold  J.  Michaelson 

Program  Manager    Ross-  B.  Simons 

Administrative  Assistant    Marsha  S.  Cox 

Administrative  Assistant    Rita  R.  Jordan 

CENTER  FOR  THE  STUDY  OF  MAN 

Director    Porter  Kier 

Assistant  Director   James  F.  Mello 

NATIONAL  ANTHROPOLOGICAL  FILM  CENTER 

Director    E.  Richard  Sorenson 

Research  Film  Studies  Coordinator   ....  Gay  C.  Neuberger 
Assistant  to  the  Director  for 

Development   Emilie  de  Brigard 

Assistant  Research  Film  Editor Barbara  Y.  Johnson 

Secretary    Mary  Lynn  Mitchell 

Research   Assistant    Mathias  Maradol 

Student  Associate Steven  Schecter 


512  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scholars 

Research   Associate    Asen  Balikci,  University  of 

Montreal 
Collaborating  Fieldworker   George  Breidenbach,  Chatsworth, 

New  Jersey 
Collaborating  Scholar   William  H.  Crocker,  NMNH, 

Smithsonian 
Collaborating  Scholar   Robert  Gardner,  Harvard 

University 
Collaborating  Scholar   Melvyn  Goldstein,  Case  Western 

Reserve 

Visiting  Researcher   M.  Michael  Maloney,  American 

'  University 

Research  Associate John  K.  Marshall,  Documentary 

Educational  Resources 
Consultant  Margaret  Mead,  American 

Museum  of  Natural  History 
Collaborating  Scholar   Johan  Reinhard,  University  of 

Wisconsin 
Collaborating  Fieldworker   Candelario  Saenz,  Columbia 

University 
Collaborating  Scholar   Frits  Staal,  University  of 

California-Berkeley 
Consultant  Carroll  Williams,  Anthropology 

Film  Center 

RESEARCH  INSTITUTE  FOR  IMMIGRATION  AND  ETHNIC  STUDIES 

Director    Roy  S.  Bryce-Laporte 

Administrative  Assistant    Betty  S.  Dyson 

Research   Analyst- Coordinator    Stephen  R.  Couch 

Program  Analyst-Coordinator Delores  M.  Mortimer 

Clerk-Typist    Constance  Trombley 

CHESAPEAKE  BAY  CENTER  FOR  ENVIRONMENTAL  STUDIES 

Director    J.  Kevin  Sullivan 

Associate  Director  for  Scientific 

Programs    David  L.  Correll 

Associate  Director  for  Education 

Programs    John  H.  Falk 

Administrative  Officer Donald  L.  Wilhelm 

Facilities  Manager   Robert  E.  Ayers 

Scientific  Staff 

Upland  Ecology:  Watershed  Studies: 

Edward  Balinsky  Gary  Chirlin 

Daniel  Higman  Deborah  Ford 

James  F.  Lynch  Margaret  McKim 

Patricia  Mehlhop  R.  William  Schaffner 

Brenda  Tremper  Land  Use  History: 

Estuarine  Ecology:  Amy  Hiatt 

Robert  Cory  Education  Staff 

Maria  Faust  G   Marjorie  Beane 

Llaine  Fnebele  T  .    j    ^i  .  , 

.  T  „    „  Linda  Chick 

T         i  .  ...  ,  Sally  Gucinski 

Joseph  Miklas  David  MiUer 

Richard  Peet 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  513 


FORT  PIERCE  BUREAU 

Director    H.  Adair  Fehlmann 

Principal  Investigator  of 

Indian  River  Study David  K.  Young 

Administrative  Assistant    Carolyn  5.  Zealand 

Scientific  Staff 

Carcinologist   Robert  H.  Gore 

Chemist    John  Montgomery 

Embryologist/Life    Histories    Mary  E.  Rice 

Research  Assistants Linda  J.  Becker 

Nina  Blum 
Kalani  Cairns 
Karen  Krapf 
George  R.  Kulcyzcki 
John  E.  Miller 
Julianne  Piriano 
Mary  Price 
Collaborator    Martha  W.  Young 


NATIONAL  AIR  AND  SPACE  MUSEUM 

Director    Michael  Collins 

Deputy  Director Melvin  B.  Zisfein 

Executive   Officer    John  Whitelaw 

Curator  of  Art   James  D.  Dean 

Administrative   Officer    M.  Antoinette  Smith 

Public  Information  Officer Lynne  C.  Murphy 

Building   Manager    Joseph  L.  Davisson 

Acting  Registrar Melinda  H.  Scarano 

Department  of  Aeronautics 

Assistant  Director   Donald  S.  Lopez 

Historian   Emeritus    Paul  E.  Garber 

Curators   Walter  J.  Boyne 

Louis  S.  Casey 
Robert  B.  Meyer,  Jr. 

Associate   Curator    Robert  C.  Mikesh 

Assistant  Curators Claudia  M.  Oakes 

Charles  G.  Sweeting 

Department  of  Astronautics 

Assistant  Director   F.  C.  Durant  III 

Curator Walter  H.  Flint 

Associate   Curators    Louis  R.  Purnell 

Tom  D.  Crouch 
Research  Historian Frank  H.  Winter 

Department  of  Science  and  Technology 

Assistant  Director   Howard  Wolko 

Associate   Curators    Paul  A.  Hanle 

Richard  P.  Hallion 
Wade  Miner 


514  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Center  for  Earth  and  Planetary  Studies 

Research  Director Farouk  El-Baz 

Geologists    Robert  W.  Wolfe 

Priscilla  A.  Strain 
Delia  A.  Mitchell 

Research  Assistant Anne  Adams 

Presentations  and  Education  Division 

Chief   Von  Del  Chamberlain 

Planetarium  Officer   Charles  G.  Barbely 

Theater  Manager   Ronald  E.  Wagaman 

Education  Officer   Lynn  R.  Bondurant,  Jr. 

Education  Specialist Nancy  L.  Murphy 

Program   Coordinator    Harold  W.  Snider 

Exhibits  Division 

Chief Francis  A.  Baby 

Chief,  Audiovisual  Unit Hernan  Otano 

Chief,  Design  Unit    Robert  Widder 

Designers   John  W.  Brown 

John  R.  Clendening 
Lucius  E.  Lomax 
Terezia  M.  Takacs 

Illustrator     Peter  P.  DeAnna 

Chief,  Media  Unit   Eugene  M.  Knight,  Jr. 

Editor    Edna  W.  Owens 

Chief,  Production  Unit Frank  Nelms 

Preservation,  Restoration  and  Storage  Division 

Chief Donald  K.  Merchant 

Library  Branch 

Librarian    Catherine  D.  Scott 


NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

Director    Porter  M.  Kier 

Assistant  Director   James  F.  Mello 

Staff  Assistant  to  Director William  P.  Haynes 

Staff  Assistant  to  Director Catherine  Kerby 

Staff  Assistant  to  Director C.  Willard  Hart 

Chief  of  Exhibits   Harry  T.  Hart 

Coordinator,  Office  of  Education   Joan  C.  Madden 

Chief,  ADP  Program T.  Gary  Gautier 

Building  Manager Jerome  Conlon1 

Administrative  Officer John  C.  Townsend 

Anthropological  Researcher Samuel  L.  Stanley 

Registrar     Margaret  Santiago 


1  Appointed  April  11,  1976. 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  515 


ANTHROPOLOGY 

Chairman   William  W.  Fitzhugh 

Senior  Archeologist Waldo  R.  Wedel2 

Senior  Ethnologists    John  C.  Ewers 

Saul  H.  Riesenberg 

Archivist     Herman  J.  Viola 

Collections  Manager   George  E.  Phebus 

Supervisor,  Conservation  Laboratory    .  .  Bethune  M.  Gibson 

Latin  American  Anthropology 

Curator  Clifford  Evans 

Associate  Curators William  H.  Crocker 

Robert  M.  Laughlin 

Old  World  Anthropology 

Curators   Gordon  D.  Gibson 

Gus  W.  Van  Beek 
Eugene  I.  Knez 
William  B.  Trousdale 

North  American  Anthropology 

Curators    William  C.  Sturtevant 

William  W.  Fitzhugh 
Associate   Curators    Dennis  M.  Stanford 

Ives  Goddard3 

Physical  Anthropology 

Curators   J.  Lawrence  Angel 

Donald  J.  Ortner 
Associate  Curators Lucile  E.  St.  Hoyme 

Douglas  H.  Ubelaker 

Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scientists 

John  P.  Albanese  (Paleo-Indian  Michael  Liebman  (Physical 

Archeology)  Anthropology) 

W.  Montague  Cobb  (Physical  Betty  J.  Meggers  (Archeology) 

Anthropology)  George  S.  Metcalf  (Archeology)4 

T.  Aidan  Cockburn  (Physical  Walter  G.  Putschar  (Physical 

Anthropology)  Anthropology) 

Henry  B.  Collins  (Archeology)  Victor  A.  Nunez  Regueiro 

Don  D.  Fowler  (Archeology)  (Archeology) 

Patricia  Gindhart  (Physical  Owen  Rye  (Archeology) 

Anthropology)  Wilhelm  G.  Solheim  (Archeology) 

Sister  Inez  Hilger  (Ethnology)  T.  Dale  Stewart  (Physical 

C.  G.  Holland  (Archeology)  Anthropology) 

Neil  M.  Judd  (Archeology)  Mildred  Mott  Wedel  (Archeology  & 

Richard  T.  Koritzer  (Physical  Ethnohistory) 

Anthropology)  Waldo  R.  Wedel  (Archeology) 

Ralph  K.  Lewis  (Archeology)  Theodore  A.  Wertime  (Archeology) 

BOTANY 

Chairman   Dieter  C.  Wasshausen5 

Senior  Botanist  Richard  S.  Cowan 


2  Retired  June  30,  1976. 

3  Appointed  July  18,  1976. 

4  Deceased  November  18,  1975. 

5  Appointed  July  1,  1976. 


516  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Phanerogams 

Curators   F.  Raymond  Fosberg 

John  J.  Wurdack 
Dan  H.  Nicolson 

Associate  Curators Joseph  H.  Kirkbride6 

Robert  W.  Read 
Marie-Helene  Sachet 
Stanwyn  G.  Shetler 
Beryl  B.  Simpson 
Laurence  E.  Skog 
Dieter  C.  Wasshaussen 

Ferns 

Associate  Curator David  B.  Lellinger 

Grasses 

Curator Thomas  R.  Soderstrom 

Cryptogams 

Curators   Mason  E.  Hale,  Jr. 

Harold  E.  Robinson 
Associate  Curator James  W.  Norris7 

Palynology 

Associate  Curator Joan  W.  Nowicke 

Plant  Anatomy 

Curators   Edward  S.  Ayensu 

Richard  H.  Eyde 

Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scientists 

Katina  Bucher  (Cryptogams)  Kittie  F.  Parker  (Compositae) 

Paul  S.  Conger  (Diatomaceae)  Duncan  M.  Porter  (Phanerogams) 

Jose  Cuatrecasas  (Flora  of  Tropical  Clyde  F.  Reed  (Ferns) 

South  America)  James  L.  Reveal  (Ferns) 

Arthur  Lyon  Dahl  (Algae)  Velva  E.  Rudd  (Leguminosae) 

James  A.  Duke  (Flora  of  Panama)  Lyman  B.  Smith  (Flora  of  Brazil) 

Marie  L.  Farr  (Fungi)  Marie  L.  Solt  (Melastomataceae) 

Aaron  Goldberg  (Phanerogams)  Frans  A.  Stafleu  (Phanerogams) 

Charles  R.  Gunn  (Seeds)  William  L.  Stern  (Plant  Anatomy) 

William  H.  Hathaway  (Flora  of  John  A.  Stevenson  (Fungi) 

Central  America)  Edward  E.  Terrell  (Phanerogams) 

Paul  L.  Lentz  (Fungi)  Francis  A.  Uecker  (Fungi) 

Elbert  L.  Little,  Jr.  (Dendrology)  Egbert  H.  Walker  (Myrsinaceae, 
Alicia  Lourteie  (Neotropical  Botany)  East  Asian  Flora) 

ENTOMOLOGY 

Chairman   Donald  R.  Davis8 

Collections  Manager   Gary  F.  Hevel 

Senior  Entomologist    Karl  V.  Krombein 

Neuropteroids  and  Diptera 

Curator Oliver  S.  Flint,  Jr. 

Associate  Curator Wayne  N.  Mathis9 


6  Appointed  September  14,  1975. 

7  Appointed  July  1,  1975. 
S  Appointed  July  1,  1976. 

9  Appointed  August  23,  1976. 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  517 


Lepidoptera 

Curators    Donald  R.  Davis 

W.  Donald  Duckworth 
William  D.  Field 

Associate  Curator    John  M.  Burns10 

Coleoptera 

Curator Terry  L.  Erwin 

Associate  Curator Paul  J.  Spangler 

Hemiptera 

Curators    Richard  C.  Froeschner 

Paul  D.  Hurd,  Jr. 
Myriapoda  and  Arachnida 
Curator Ralph  E.  Crabill,  Jr. 

Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scientists 

Charles  P.  Alexander  (Diptera)  Frank  M.  Hull  (Diptera) 

Doris  H.  Blake  (Coleoptera)  W.  L.  Jellison  (Siphonaptera, 

Franklin  S.  Blanton  (Diptera)  Anoplura) 

Frank  L.  Campbell  (Insect  Harold  F.  Loomis  (Myriapoda) 

Physiology)  C.  F.  W.  Muesebeck  (Hymenoptera) 

Oscar  L.  Cartwright  (Coleoptera)  George  W.  Rawson  (Lepidoptera) 

J.  F.  Gates  Clarke  (Lepidoptera)  Mary  Livingston  Ripley  (General 

Hilary  Crusz  (Insects  of  Ceylon)  Entomology) 

K.  C.  Emerson  (Mallophaga)  Robert  Traub  (Siphonaptera) 

John  G.  Franclemont  (Lepidoptera)  Hayo  H.  W.  Velthuis  (Hymenoptera) 

Harry  Hoogstraal  (Medical  David  Wooldridge  (Coleoptera) 

Entomology) 

INVERTEBRATE  ZOOLOGY 

Chairman   W.  Duane  Hope11 

Senior  Zoologists   Fenner  A.  Chace,  Jr. 

Horton  H.  Hobbs,  Jr. 
Harald  A.  Rehder12 

Crustacea 

Curators   J.  Laurens  Barnard 

Thomas  E.  Bowman 
Roger  F.  Cressey 
Louis  S.  Kornicker 
Raymond  B.  Manning 

Echinoderms 

Curators    Frederick  M.  Bayer13 

Meredith  L.  Jones 
David  L.  Pawson 
Marian  H.  Pettibone 
Mary  E.  Rice 
Klaus  Ruetzler 

Mollusks 

Curators   Clyde  F.  E.  Roper 

Joseph  Rosewater 

Associate  Curator Joseph  P.  E.  Morrison14 


10  Appointed  July  6,  1975. 

11  Appointed  January  4,  1976. 

12  Retired  June  30,  1976. 

13  Appointed  June  2,  1975. 

14  Retired  October  10,  1975. 


518  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scientists 

S.  Stillman  Berry  (Mollusks)  Anthony  J.  Provenzano,  Jr. 

J.  Bruce  Bredin  (Biology)  „       (Crustacea) 

Isabel  C.  Canet  (Biology)  Waldo  L.  Schmitt  (Marine 

John  C.  Harshbarger  (Marine  Invertebrates) 

Invertebrates  Frank  R.  Schwengal  (Mollusks) 

Lipke  B.  Holthuis  (Crustacea)  I.  G.  Sohn  (Crustacea) 

Roman  Kenk  (Worms)  Gilbert  L.  Voss  (Mollusks) 

J.  Ralph  Lichtenfels  (Worms)  Austin  B.  Williams  (Crustacea) 

Patsy  McLaughlin  (Crustacea)  David  K.  Young  (Mollusks) 

MINERAL  SCIENCES 

Chairman   William  G.  Melson 

Geologist    Richard  S.  Fiske15 

Meteorites 

Curators   Roy  S.  Clarke,  Jr. 

Brian  H.  Mason 
Geochemists     Kurt  Fredriksson 

Robert  Fudali 
Mineralogy 

Curator  Paul  E.  Desautels 

Associate  Curator John  S.  White,  Jr. 

Crystallographers   Daniel  E.  Appleman 

Petrology  and  Volcanology 

Curator Thomas  E.  Simkin 

Physical  Sciences  Laboratory 

Chemists     Eugene  Jarosewich 

Joseph  A.  Nelen 

Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scientists 

Howard  J.  Axon  (Meteorites)  Peter  Leavens  (Mineralogy) 

Vago  F.  Buchwald  (Meteorites)  T.  R.  McGetchin  (Petrology) 

William  C.  Buell  IV  (Volcanology)  Rosser  Reeves  (Mineralogy) 

Gary  R.  Byerly  (Petrology)  Arthur  Roe  (Mineralogy) 

Thomas  Feininger  (Petrology)  George  S.  Switzer  (Mineralogy) 

John  J.  Gurney  (Petrology)  Goerfrey  Thompson  (Petrology) 

Edward  P.  Henderson  (Meteorites)  Harry  Winston  (Mineralogy) 
John  B.  Jago  (Mineralogy) 

PALEOBIOLOGY 

Chairman   Richard  E.  Grant 

Collections  Manager   Frederick  J.  Collier 

Invertebrate  Paleontology 

Curators   Richard  M.  Benson 

Richard  S.  Boardman 
Martin  A.  Buzas 
Alan  H.  Cheetham 
Richard  Cifelli 
Richard  E.  Grant 
Erie  G.  Kauffman 
Thomas  R.  Waller 

Geologist    Kenneth  M.  Towe 


15  Appointed  September  13,  1976. 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  519 


Vertebrate  Paleontology 

Curators   Nicholas  Hotton  III 

Clayton  E.  Ray 
Associate  Curator    Robert  J.  Emry 

Paleobotany 

Curators   Walter  H.  Adey 

Leo  J.  Hickey 
Francis  M.  Hueber 

Sedimentology 

Curator Jack  W.  Pierce 

Geological  Oceanographer Daniel  J.  Stanley 

Geologist    Ian  G.  Macintyre 

Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and  Affiliated  Scientists 

Patricia  Adey  Kenneth  E.  Lohman 

Arthur  J.  Boucot  Sergius  H.  Mamay 

Anthony  C.  Coates  James  F.  Mello 

G.  Arthur  Cooper  Robert  B.  Neuman 

Raymond  Douglass  William  A.  Oliver,  Jr. 

J.  Thomas  Dutro  Axel  A.  Olsson 

Robert  M.  Finks  Charles  A.  Repenning 

C.  Lewis  Gazin  Rinaldo  Sardeni 

Mackenzie  Gordon,  Jr.  Frederic  R.  Siegel 

David  Govoni  Norman  F.  Sohl 

Richard  Graus  Margaret  Ruth  Todd 

Peter  J.  Harmatuk  Frank  C.  Whitmore,  Jr. 

John  W.  Huddle  John  W.  Wilson 

Ralph  W.  Imlay  Wendell  P.  Woodring 

Harry  S.  Ladd  Ellis  P.  Yochelson 
N.  Gary  Lane 

VERTEBRATE  ZOOLOGY 

Chairman  Robert  H.  Gibbs,  Jr. 

Fishes 

Curators   Robert  H.  Gibbs,  Jr. 

Ernest  A.  Lachner 
Victor  G.  Springer 
Stanley  H.  Weitzman 

Associate  Curator    William  R.  Taylor 

Reptiles  and  Amphibians 

Curator George  R.  Zug 

Associate  Curator    W.  Ronald  Heyer 

Birds 

Curators   George  E.  Watson 

Richard  L.  Zusi 

Associate  Curators Paul  Slud 

Storrs  Olson 

Mammals 

Curators    Charles  O.  Handley,  Jr. 

Henry  W.  Setzer 

Richard  W.  Thorington,  Jr. 

Associate  Curator James  G.  Mead 


520  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Research  Associates,  Collaborators,  and 

John  W.  Aldrich  (Birds) 
Ronald  Gail  Altig  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
Richard  C.  Banks  (Birds) 
William  Belton  (Birds) 
Michael  A.  Bogan  (Mammals) 
James  P.  Bogart  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
James  E.  Bohlke  (Fishes) 
Ronald  A.  Brandon  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
Robert  L.  Brownell,  Jr.  (Mammals) 
Howard  W.  Campbell  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
George  A.  Clark,  Jr.  (Birds) 
Daniel  M.  Cohen  (Fishes) 
Bruce  B.  Collette  (Fishes) 
Carl  H.  Ernst  (Reptiles,  Amphibians) 
Herbert  Friedmann  (Birds) 
Alfred  L.  Gardner  (Mammals) 
Arthur  M.  Greenhall  (Mammals) 
Lester  Hatton  (Mammals) 
Richard  Highton  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
Marshall  A.  Howe  (Birds) 
James  E.  Huheey  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
Philip  S.  Humphrey  (Birds) 
Crawford  G.  Jackson,  Jr.  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
George  J.  Jacobs  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 


Affiliated  Scientists 

Frances  C.  James  (Birds) 
Clyde  J.  Jones  (Mammals) 
E.  V.  Komarek  (Mammals) 
Roxie  C.  Laybourne  (Birds) 
J.  A.  J.  Meester  (Mammals) 
Edgardo  Mondolfi  (Mammals) 
Russell  E.  Mumford  (Mammals) 
Braulio  Orejas-Miranda  (Reptiles) 
John  Paradiso  (Mammals) 
William  F.  Perrin  (Mammals) 
Dioscoro  S.  Rabor  (Birds) 
Katherine  Ralls  (Mammals) 
Rudolfo  Ruibal  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
G.  Carleton  Ray  (Mammals) 
S.  Dillon  Ripley  (Birds) 
William  Schevill  (Mammals) 
Leonard  P.  Schultz  (Fishes) 
Ian  R.  Straughan  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
Stephen  G.  Tilley  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
Richard  Wassersug  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 
John  C.  Weske  (Birds) 
Alexander  Wetmore  (Birds) 
Ralph  E.  Wetzel  (Mammals) 
James  D.  Williams  (Fishes) 
Don  E.  Wilson  (Mammals) 
Richard  D.  Worthington  (Reptiles, 

Amphibians) 


SMITHSONIAN  OCEANOGRAPHIC  SORTING  CENTER 

Chief Betty  J.  Landrum 

Oceanographer    Robert  P.  Higgins 

Marine  Biologists  Frank  D.  Ferrari 

Richard  S.  Houbrick 
Leslie  W.  Knapp 
Ernani  G.  Menez 

SCIENTIFIC  EVENTS  ALERT  NETWORK 

Operations  Officer   David  R.  Squires 


NATIONAL  ZOOLOGICAL  PARK 

Director    Theodore  H.  Reed,  D.V.M. 

Deputy  Director   Edward  H.  Kohn 

Chief,  Office  of  Education 

and  Information  Judith  White 

Chief,  Office  of  Graphics 

and  Exhibits Robert  E.  Mulcahy 

Chief,  Office  of  Police  and  Safety Samuel  Middleton 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  521 


Chief,  Health  and  Safety  Unit Anthony  S.  Kadlubowski 

General  Curator,  Office  of 

Animal  Management Jaren  G.  Horsley 

Curator,  North  Mammals  Unit William  A.  Xanten,  Jr. 

Associate  Curator,  South  and 

Central  Mammals  Unit Miles  S.  Roberts 

Associate  Curator,  Reptiles  Unit Michael  L.  Davenport 

Assistant  Curator,  Bird  Unit Charles  Pickett 

Chief,  Commissary  and  Support  Unit  .  .        Moses  Benson 
Scientist-in-Charge,  Office  of 

Zoological  Research John  F.  Eisenberg 

Chief,  Office  of  Animal  Health Mitchell  Bush,  D.V.M. 

Senior  Veterinarian   Clinton  W.  Gray,  D.V.M. 

Chief,  Office  of  Pathology   Richard  J.  Montali,  D.V.M. 

Curator-in-Charge,  Conservation 

and  Research  Center Christen  M.  Wemmer 

Chief,  Office  of 

Construction  Management Robert  C.  Engle 

Chief,  Office  of  Facilities  Management  .  .       Emanuel  Petrella 

Chief,  Maintenance  Unit   Robert  F.  Ogilvie 

Chief,  Ground  Unit Samuel  W.  Gordon 

Chief,  Services  Unit Carl  F.  Jackson 

Chief,  Transportation  Unit   Robert  T.  Chesley 

Chief,  Property  and 

Procurement  Unit James  E.  Deal 

Chief,  Office  of  Management  Services  .  .       Joe  W.  Reed 

Associate  in  Ecology S.  Dillon  Ripley 

Research   Associates    Jean  Delacour 

Bernard  C.  Zook 
Edgardo  Mondolfi 
Theodore  I.  Grand 
Edwin  Gould 
John  C.  Seidensticker  IV 

Collaborators Leonard  J.  Goss 

Paul  Leyhausen 
Charles  R.  Schroeder 


OFFICE  OF  INTERNATIONAL  PROGRAMS 

Acting  Director    Kennedy  B.  Schmertz 

Administrative  Officer Jean  A.  C.  Harrell 

SMITHSONIAN  FOREIGN  CURRENCY  PROGRAM 

Director    Kennedy  B.  Schmertz 

Program  Officer    LeRoy  Makepeace 

Grants   Specialists    Betty  J.  Wingfield 

Francine  C.  Berkowitz 


INTERNATIONAL  LIAISON  SECTION 

Acting  Director Richard  T.  Conroy 

Diplomat  in  Residence   H.  W.  Timrud 

(United  States  Foreign  Service 
Assignment) 
International  Liaison  Assistant Saundra  Tilghman 


522  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


RADIATION  BIOLOGY  LABORATORY 

Director    William  H.  Klein 

Assistant  Director   W.  Shropshire,  Jr. 

Agricultural  Engineer   John  Sager 

Anthropologist    Robert  Stuckenrath 

Biochemist    Maurice  Margulies 

Biologists    Elisabeth  Gantt 

Rebecca  Hayes 

Biophysicists    Merten  Jabben 

Burke  K.  Zimmerman 

Geneticist Roy  W.  Harding,  Jr. 

Hydrobiologist    Krzysztof  Srokosz 

Molecular  Biologist   Sandra  L.  Spurgeon 

Physicists   Bernard  Goldberg 

Josef  Grabowski 

Physiological  Ecologist   Bert  Drake 

Plant  Physiologists Charles  F.  Cleland 

Gerald  Deitzer 
John  L.  Edwards 
Jessie  Klein 
William  O.  Smith 
Jerry  P.  Thomas 
Barbara  Zilinskas 
Solar  Radiation  Biologist David  W.  Hopkins 

SMITHSONIAN  ASTROPHYSICAL  OBSERVATORY 

Director    George  B.  Field 

Assistant  Director   John  G.  Gregory 

Scientific  Staff: 

Kaare  Aksnes  Herbert  Gursky  Nai-Hsien  Mao 

Eugene  H.  Avrett  Frank  R.  Harnden,  Jr.  Brian  G.  Marsden 

Abhijit  Basu  John  Hearnshaw  Edward  Mattison 

Nathaniel  P.  Carleton  Henry  F.  Helmken  Ursula  B.  Marvin 

Frederic  Chaffee  J.  Patrick  Henry  Richard  McCrosky 

Giuseppe  Colombo  Luigi  G.  Jacchia  Donald  H.  Menzel 

Allan  F.  Cook  Glyn  M.  Jones  Lawrence  W.  Mertz 

Alex  Dalgarno  Paul  F.  Julien  Henri  E.  Mitler 

Robert  J.  Davis  Paul  Kalaghan  Paul  A.  Mohr 

John  Delvaille  Kenneth  Kalata  James  Moran 

Dale  F.  Dickinson  Wolfgang  Kalkofen  Stephen  S.  Murray 

Kate  K.  Docken  Edwin  M.  Kellogg  Robert  W.  Noyes 

Theodore  Dunham  Hiroshi  Kinoshita  Michael  Oppenheimer 

Giuseppina  Fabbiano  Douglas  Kleinmann  Costas  Papaliolios 

Giovanni  G.  Fazio  Yoshihide  Kozai  William  H.  Parkinson 

Edward  L.  Fireman  Robert  L.  Kurucz  Michael  R.  Pearlman 

William  Forman  David  Latham  Geraldine  Peters 

Fred  A.  Franklin  Don  A.  Lautman  Harrison  E.  Radford 

Edward  M.  Gaposchkin        Myron  Lecar  Edmond  M.  Reeves 

Giorgio  Giacaglia  Carlton  G.  Lehr  Steven  M.  Richardson 

Riccardo  Giacconi  John  B.  Lester  Max  Roemer 

Owen  Gingerich  Martin  Levine  Micheline  C.  Roufosse 

Paul  Gorenstein  A.  Edward  Lilley  George  B.  Rybicki 

Jonathan  Grindlay  Marvin  Litvak  Graham  Ryder 

Mario  D.  Grossi  Rudolf  Loeser  Rudolph  E.  Schild 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  523 


Herbert  Schnopper 
Ethan  J.  Schreier 
Daniel  A.  Schwartz 
Joseph  Schwarz 
Frederick  Seguin 
Zdenek  Sekanina 
Harvey  D.  Tananbaum 
Wesley  A.  Traub 


Melville  P.  Ulmer 
Leon  van  Speybroeck 
George  Veis 
Robert  Vessot 
George  Victor 
Trevor  C.  Weekes 
George  Weiffenbach 
Steven  Weinberg 


Harvard  College  Observatory  Associates: 


Imad  Ahmad 
Thomas  Ayres 
James  G.  Baker 
John  A.  Ball 
Barbara  Bell 
A.  G.  W.  Cameron 
Eric  J.  Chaisson 
Marc  Davis 
Anthony  J.  Degregoria 
Holly  T.  Doyle 
Richard  D.  Driver 
Andrea  K.  Dupree 
Bruce  Elmegreen 
Richard  I.  Epstein 
Brian  P.  Flannery 
Peter  V.  Foukal 
Margaret  Geller 
Carl  A.  Gottlieb 


Fred  L.  Whipple 
Charles  A.  Whitney 
Marlene  Williamson 
George  L.  Withbroe 
John  A.  Wood 
Fred  Young 


Steven  L.  Guberman 
Satoshi  Hinata 
Christine  Jones-Forman 
Barry  Kirkham 
John  L.  Kohl 
Max  Krook 
Charles  A.  Lada 
David  Layzer 
Randolph  Levine 
Margaret  N.  Lewis 
Alan  Lightman 
Martha  Liller 
William  Liller 
Chii-Dong  Lin 
John  T.  Mariska 
Alan  Maxwell 
Roberto  Pallavicini 
Cecilia  Payne-Gaposchkin 


Hays  Penfield 
Carlton  Pennypacker 
Stephen  C.  Perrenod 
William  Press 
Mark  Reid 
Robert  Rosner 
Edward  J.  Schmahl 
Charles  Skinner 
Peter  L.  Smith 
J.  Gethyn  Timothy 
Giuseppe  S.  Vaiana 
Jorge  E.  Vernazza 
William  R.  Ward 
John  Wolbach 
Frances  W.  Wright 
Martn  V.  Zombeck 


SMITHSONIAN  SCIENCE  INFORMATION  EXCHANGE, 
INCORPORATED 

President    David  F.  Hersey 

Vice  President,  Medical  Division Donald  A.  Elliott 

Vice  President,  Professional  Services  .  .  .  Willis  R.  Foster16 
Vice  President,  Program  Planning, 

Management  and  Administration  ....  David  W.  Lakamp 

Vice  President,  Science  Division Harald  R.  Leuba 

Vice  President,  Data  Processing Martin  Snyderman 

Secretary    V.  P.  Verfuerth17 

Secretary    Evelyn  M.  Roll18 

Treasurer    David  W.  Lakamp 

Marketing  Manager Janet  D.  Goldstein 

MEDICAL  DIVISION 

Director    Donald  A.  Elliott 

Director,  Current  Cancer  Research 

Project  Analysis  Center   Donald  A.  Elliott 

Deputy,  Medical  Division Charlotte  M.  Damron 

Chief,  Medical  Sciences  Branch Charlotte  M.  Damron 


16  Served  July  1,  1975,  to  March  31,  1976. 

17  Served  July  1,  1975,  to  August  14,  1976. 

18  Appointed  August  15,  1976. 


524  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


SCIENCE  DIVISION 

Director    Harald  R.  Leuba 

Deputy,  Science  Division Samuel  Liebman 

Chief,  Behavioral  Sciences  Branch Rhoda  Goldman 

Chief,  Social  Sciences  Branch Ann  Riordan 

Chief,  Agricultural  Sciences  Branch  ....  William  T.  Carlson 

Chief,  Biological  Sciences  Branch James  R.  Wheatley,  Jr. 

Chief,  Chemistry  Branch Samuel  Liebman 

Chief,  Materials  and  Engineering  Branch  William  H.  Payne 
Chief,  Physics,  Mathematics  and 

Electronics  Branch   Robert  Summers 

Chief,  Earth  Sciences  Branch Francis  L.  Witkege 

DATA  PROCESSING  DIVISION 

Director Martin  Snyderman 

Deputy    Bernard  L.  Hunt 

Manager,  Input  Services  Branch Jack  Devore 

Manager,  Systems  Development  Branch  Bernard  L.  Hunt 
Manager,  Programming  and  Reports 

Services  Branch Robert  A.  Kline 

Manager,  Computer  Operations  Branch  Paul  Gallucci 


SMITHSONIAN  TROPICAL  RESEARCH  INSTITUTE 

Director    Ira  Rubinoff 

Special  Assistant  to  Director Adela  Gomez 

Assistant  Director   A.  Stanley  Rand 

Assistant  Director  (Academic 

Programs) Neal  G.  Smith 

Senior  Scientist Martin  H.  Moynihan 

Budget  Analyst Rene  Gomez-Valladares 

Facilities  Manager   Thomas  R.  Borges 

Librarian Alcira  Mejia 

Scientific  Staff: 

Robert  L.  Dressier  Arcadio  Rodaniche 

Mary  Jane  West  Eberhard  Michael  H.  Robinson 

Peter  W.  Glynn  Roberta  W.  Rubinoff 

Jeffrey  B.  Graham  Robert  E.  Silberglied 

Gordon  Hendler  Alan  P.  Smith 

Egbert  G.  Leigh,  Jr.  Nicholas  Smythe 

Olga  F.  Linares  Donald  Windsor 

Gerald  G.  Montgomery  Hindrik  Wolda 
David  Ross  Robertson 

Research  Associates: 

Humberto  Alvarez  Pedro  Galindo 

Robin  Andrews  Carmen  Glynn 

Carlos  Arellano  L.  Yael  Lubin 

Charles  F.  Bennett,  Jr.  Ernst  Mayr 

Jose  Ignacio  Borrero  Barbara  Robinson 

Richard  Cooke  W.  John  Smith 

Reinaldo  Diaz  V.  Henry  Stockwell 

William  G.  Eberhard  Paulo  E.  Vanzolini 

Nathan  Gale  Martin  Young 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  525 


HISTORY  AND  ART 

Assistant  Secretary    Charles  Blitzer 

Special  Assistant    Dean  Anderson 

Bicentennial  Coordinator   Susan  Hamilton 

ARCHIVES  OF  AMERICAN  ART 

Director    William  E.  Woolfenden 

Deputy  Director-Archivist   Garnett  McCoy 

Administrative   Officer    Richard  J.  Nicastro 

Curator  of  Manuscripts Arthur  J.  Breton 

Assistant  Curator  of  Manuscripts Nancy  Zembala 

Manuscripts  Assistant Anne  Nicastro 

Area  Directors William  McNaught  (New  York) 

Robert  Brown  (Northeast) 
Dennis  Barrie  (Midwest) 
Paul  Karlstrom  (West  Coast) 

Field  Researchers   F.  Ivor  D.  Avellino  (New  York) 

Jerry  Bywaters  (Southwest) 

Oral  History    Paul  Cummings 

COOPER-HEWITT  MUSEUM  OF  DECORATIVE  ARTS  AND  DESIGN 

Director     Lisa  Taylor 

Administrator  and  Curator  of 

Collections   Christian  Rohlfing 

Administrator    John  Dobkin 

Curator  of  Drawings  and  Prints Elaine  Evans  Dee 

Technician  for  Drawings  and  Prints   .  .  .  Xenia  Cage 

Assistant  Curator  of  Textiles   Milton  Sonday 

Consultant  for  Textiles Alice  Baldwin  Beer 

Curator  of  Decorative  Arts J.  Stewart  Johnson19 

Registrar     Elizabeth  Burnham 

Assistant   Registrar    Mary  Kerr 

Exhibits  Specialist   Dorothy  Twining  Globus 

Program  Coordinator Jane  Clark 

Librarian    Robert  Kaufmann 

Building  Manager Manuel  Perez 

Chief  of  Security   James  Freeman 

Museum  Secretary Rowena  MacLeod 

Assistant  for  Administration Alice  Green 

Receptionist Jennifer  Jarvis 

Publications  Editor Brenda  Gilchrist 


FREER  GALLERY  OF  ART 

Director    Harold  P.  Stern 

Assistant  Director   Thomas  Lawton 

Associate  Curator,  Chinese  Art   Hin-cheung  Lovell 


19  Resigned  August  1,  1976. 


526  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Associate  Curator,  Near  Eastern  Art  .  .  .  Esin  Atil 

Assistant  Curator,  American  Art Susan  Hobbs 

Head  Conservator,  Technical  Laboratory  W.  Thomas  Chase  III 

Conservator  John  Winter 

Conservator  Linda  Zycherman 

Research  Curator,  Far  Eastern  Ceramics  John  A.  Pope 

Research  Assistant Josephine  H.  Knapp 

Librarian    Priscilla  P.  Smith 

Administrative  Officer Willa  R.  Moore 

Registrar     Eleanor  Radcliffe 

Assistant  Registrar Harriet  McWilliams 

Honorary  Associates   Richard  Edwards 

Calvin  French 


HIRSHHORN  MUSEUM  AND  SCULPTURE  GARDEN 

Director    Abram  Lerner 

Deputy  Director   Stephen  E.  Weil 

Administrator    Joseph  Sefekar 

Chief  Curator   Charles  W.  Millard 

Curator Cynthia  J.  McCabe 

Curator Inez  Garson 

Curator Frank  Gettings 

Curatorial  Assistant Phyllis  Rosenzweig 

Librarian     Anna  Brooke 

Conservator   Laurence  Hoffman 

Registrar     Douglas  Robinson 

Chief,  Education Edward  Lawson 

Education  Specialist Mary  Ann  Tighe 

Chief,  Exhibits  &  Design Joseph  Shannon 

Program  Manager  (Auditorium)   Bonnie  Webb 

Information  Specialist Sidney  Lawrence 

Photographer John  Tennant 

Acting  Building  Manager Frank  Underwood 

JOSEPH  HENRY  PAPERS 

Editor    Nathan  Reingold 

Assistant  Editor   Arthur  P.  Molella 

Assistant  Editor   Marc  Rothenberg 

Research  Assistant Kathleen  Waldenfels 

Administrative  Officer Beverly  Jo  Lepley 

NATIONAL  COLLECTION  OF  FINE  ARTS 

Director    Joshua  C.  Taylor 

Assistant  Director   Harry  Lowe 

Assistant  Director  for  Administration  .  .  Harry  Jordan 

Registrar W.  Robert  Johnston 

Curator,  20th-century  Painting 

and  Sculpture   Walter  Hopps 

Consultant,  20th-century  Painting 

and  Sculpture   Adelyn  Breeskin 

Curator,  18th-and  19th- 
century  Painting  and  Sculpture William  H.  Truettner 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  527 


Curator,  Prints  and  Drawings Janet  A.  Flint 

Curator  of  Education Peter  Bermingham 

Director,  Renwick  Gallery   Lloyd  E.  Herman 

Associate  Curator,  Renwick  Gallery   . .  .  Michael  Monroe 

Curator  of  Research Lois  M.  Fink 

Coordinator,  Bicentennial  Inventory 

of  American  Paintings    Abigail  Booth 

Chief,  Office  of  Exhibition  and  Design  .  .  David  Keeler 

Chief,  Office  for  Exhibitions  Abroad  .  .  .  Lois  A.  Bingham 

Conservators    Thomas  Carter 

Katherine  Eirk 
Stefano  Scafetta 

Editor,  Office  of  Publication Carroll  Clark 

Librarian,  NCFA/NPG    William  B.  Walker 

Coordinator  for  Lending  Program Donald  R.  McClelland 

NATIONAL  MUSEUM  OF  HISTORY  AND  TECHNOLOGY 

Director    Brooke  Hindle 

Deputy  Director Silvio  A.  Bedini 

Assistant  Director  for  Administration  .  .  Robert  G.  Tillotson 

Assistant  Director  for  Exhibits Benjamin  W.  Lawless 

Registrar     Virginia  Beets 

Special  Events  Officer   Geraldine  E.  Sanderson 

Coordinator  of  Education Alice  R.  Malone 

Eisenhower  Institute  for  Historical 

Research,  Director  Forrest  C.  Pogue 

APPLIED  ARTS 

Chairman   Vladimir  Clain-Stefanelli 

Graphic  Arts 

Associate   Curator    Elizabeth  M.  Harris 

Curator Peter  C.  Marzio 

Numismatics 

Curators   Vladimir  Clain-Stefanelli 

Elvira  E.  Clain-Stefanelli 

Photographic  History 

Curator Eugene  Ostroff 

Assistant   Curator    David  E.  Haberstich 

Postal  History 

Curator Carl  H.  Scheele 

Associate  Curators Franklin  R.  Bruns 

Reidar  Norby 
Textiles 

Curators   Rita  J.  Adrosko 

Grace  R.  Cooper 
Honorary: 

Numismatics    R.  Henry  Norweb 

Emery  May  Norweb 

CULTURAL  HISTORY 

Chairman   Richard  E.  Ahlborn 

Senior  Curator    C.  Malcolm  Watkins 

Senior  Historian  Daniel  J.  Boorstin 


528  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Costume  and  Furnishings 

Curator Rodris  Roth 

Associate   Curator    Claudia  B.  Kidwell 

Curator  Emeritus    Anne  W.  Murray 

Ethnic  and  Western  Cultural  History 

Curator Richard  E.  Ahlborn 

Musical  Instruments 

Curators   John  T.  Fesperman 

Cynthia  A.  Hoover 

Associate  Curator James  M.  Weaver 

Preindustrial  Cultural  History 

Associate  Curator Anne  C.  Golovin 

Honorary: 

Musical  Instruments    Mrs.  Sheridan  Germann 

Preindustrial  Cultural  History Joan  Pearson  Watkins 

INDUSTRIES 

Chairman   John  T.  Schlebecker,  Jr. 

Extractive  Industries 

Curator John  T.  Schlebecker,  Jr. 

Assistant  Curator G.  Terry  Sharrer 

Associate  Curator John  N.  Hoffman 

Ceramics  and  Class 

Curators   J.  Jefferson  Miller  II 

Paul  V.  Gardner 

Transportation 

Curators   John  H.  White,  Jr. 

Melvin  H.  Jackson 

Associate   Curator    Don  H.  Berkebile 

Honorary : 

Ceramics  and  Glass   Hans  Syz 

Manufacturing    Philip  W.  Bishop 

Transportation    Peter  B.  Bell 

Cartography  and  Maritime  History   ....  Alexander  O.  Vietor 

NATIONAL  AND  MILITARY  HISTORY 

Chairman   Margaret  B.  Klapthor 

Military  History 

Curator Craddock  R.  Goins,  Jr. 

Associate   Curator    Donald  E.  Kloster 

Naval  History 

Curators   Philip  K.  Lundeberg 

Harold  D.  Langley 

Political  History 

Curator Margaret  B.  Klapthor 

Associate   Curator    Herbert  R.  Collins 

Assistant  Curator Edith  P.  Mayo 

Honorary: 

Naval  History   William  Rea  Furlong 

Military  History   Anne  S.  K.  Brown 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  529 


SCIENCE  AND  TECHNOLOGY 

Chairman   Otto  Mayr 

Senior  Scientific  Scholar Robert  P.  Multhauf 

Historian  (Pharmacy)    Sami  K.  Hamarneh 

Electricity  and  Nuclear  Energy 

Curators   Bernard  S.  Finn 

Paul  Forman 

Mechanical  and  Civil  Engineering 

Curators   Robert  M.  Vogel 

Edwin  A.  Battison 
Otto  Mayr 

Medical  Sciences 

Associate   Curator    Audrey  B.  Davis 

Physical  Sciences 

Associate   Curator    Deborah  J.  Warner 

Curator Faye  Cannon 

Associate   Curator    Jon  B.  Eklund 

Section  of  Mathematics 

Curator Uta  C.  Merzbach 

Honorary: 

Electricity  and  Nuclear  Energy   Ladislaus  L.  Marton 

Gerald  F.  Tyne 

Physical  Sciences   Arthur  Frazier 

Science   &  Technology    Bern  Dibner 

OFFICE  OF  EXHIBITS 

Assistant  Director  for  Exhibits Benjamin  W.  Lawless 

Chief,  Exhibits  Design Richard  S.  Virgo 

Chief,  Exhibits  Production Stanley  M.  Santoroski 

OFFICE  OF  BUILDING  MANAGEMENT 

Building  Manager    Lawrence  A.  Bush 

Assistant  Building  Manager Donald  A.  Osbourn 


NATIONAL  PORTRAIT  GALLERY 

Director    Marvin  Sadik 

Assistant  Director  and 

Administrative   Officer    Douglas  E.  Evelyn 

Historian    Marc  Pachter 

Curator Robert  G.  Stewart 

Associate  Curator    Monroe  Fabian 

Curator  of  Exhibitions   Beverly  J.  Cox 

Curator  of  Education Dennis  O'Toole 

Associate  Curator  of  Education Lisa  Strick20 

Chief,  Exhibits  Design  and  Production  .  .  Joseph  Michael  Carrigan 
Assistant  Chief,  Exhibits  Design 

and  Production   Velda  Warner 

Keeper  of  the  Catalog  of 

American  Portraits Mona  Dearborn 


20  Resigned  March  12,  1976. 


530  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Editor    Frances  Wein 

Senior  Conservator Felrath  Hines 

OFFICE  OF  ACADEMIC  STUDIES 

Executive   Officer    Edward  S.  Davidson 

Program  Officer    Gretchen  Gayle 

OFFICE  OF  AMERICAN  STUDIES 

Director    Wilcomb  E.  Washburn 


MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 


Assistant  Secretary    Paul  N.  Perrot 

Executive  Assistant   William  N.  Richards 

National  Museum  Act  Coordinator   ....  F.  Matilda  Wells 

Research  Associate Frank  A.  Taylor 

CONSERVATION -ANALYTICAL  LABORATORY 

Chief   Robert  M.  Organ 

Research  Chemist Jacqueline  S.  Olin 

Paintings  Conservator Anton  Konrad 

Supervisory   Conservator    Eleanor  McMillan 

Administrative   Officer    Montague  Smith 

Conservator   Walter  Angst 

Clerk  Typist    Claire  M.  Beerman 

Conservator   Gregory  Byrne 

Conservation-Scientist Kirkwood  Cunningham 

Conservator  Mary  L.  Garbin 

Metallurgist Martha  E.  Goodway 

Chemist    Walter  Hopwood 

Conservator  Nikki  Horton 

Conservator Edward  McManus 

Museum  Aid   Eleni  Martin 

Conservation   Scientist    Barbara  A.  Miller 

Conservation   Scientist    Joan  Mishara 

Information  Officer   Linda  Scheifler 

Chemist    Harold  Westley 

Secretary    Judith  A.  Woodland 

OFFICE  OF  EXHIBITS  CENTRAL 

Chief   James  A.  Mahoney 

Assistant    Chief    Constance  Minkin 

Administrative  Officer William  M.  Clark 

Chief  of  Design   James  A.  Mahoney 

Assistant  Chief  of  Design Kenneth  V.  Young 

Chief  of  Production John  C.  Widener 

Assistant  Chief  of  Production Joseph  W.  Saunders 

Supervisor,  Exhibit  Editors  Office Constance  Minkin 

Director,  Motion  Picture  Unit Karen  Loveland 

Supervisor,  Museum  Lighting  Unit   ....  Carroll  B.  Lusk 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  531 


OFFICE  OF  HORTICULTURE 

Horticulturist James  R.  Buckler 

Program  Assistant John  W.  Monday 

Administrative  Services  Assistant   Michele  C.  Sengsourinh 

Manager,  Grounds  Management  Division  Kenneth  Hawkins 

Manager,   Greenhouse-Nursery   Division  August  A.  Dietz  IV 


OFFICE  OF  MUSEUM  PROGRAMS 

Administrative  Assistant    Gwendolyn  Baker 

Program  Coordinator,  Training 

Workshop  Program   Jane  R.  Glaser 

Assistant  Program  Manager Margaret  B.  Parsons 

Program  Coordinator,  Conservation 

Information  Program Elena  Borowski 

Television  Production  Specialist Michael  B.  Sassani 

Research  Psychologist Vacant 

Reference  Library  Technician   Julie  Diepenbrok 


OFFICE  OF  REGISTRAR 

Registrar     Philip  Leslie 

Assistant  Registrar    Mary  W.  Lund 

Management  Assistant   Melva  L.  Simmons 

Secretary    Stephen  A.  Boruchowitz 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  ARCHIVES 

Archivist     Richard  H.  Lytle 

Deputy  Archivist   William  A.  Deiss 

Associate  Archivist   Alan  L.  Bain 

Assistant  Archivist    James  A.  Steed 

Assistant  Archivist    Richard  V.  Szary 

Supervisory  Archives  Technician Norwood  N.  Biggs 

Oral  Historian    Pamela  Henson 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 

Director  of  Libraries   Russell  Shank 

Assistant  Director  for  Management 

and  Development Elaine  Sloan 

Administrative  Librarian    Thomas  L.  Wilding 

Administrative  Officer Mary  C.  Quinn 

Assistant  Director  of  Libraries  for 

Technical  Services   Vija  L.  Karklins 

Special  Projects  Librarian    Toni  M.  Henderson 

Acquisitions  Services 

Chief   Mildred  D.  Raitt 

Gift  and  Exchange  Librarian Sharon  H.  Sweeting 

Order  Librarian   William  B.  Neff 

Serials  Librarian Robert  W.  Hull 


532  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


Cataloguing  Services 

Chief Mary  Jane  H.  Linn 

Cataloguers    Angeline  D.  Ashford 

Charles  H.  King 
Helen  S.  Nordberg 
Margaret  A.  Sealor 
Bertha  S.  Sohn 
Frances  W.  Penford 
Joan  C.  Baer  (Rare  Book) 

Processing  Services 

Chief  Mary  J.  Pierce 

Bibliographic  Support  Services 

Chief Victoria  E.  Avera 

Assistant  Director  of  Libraries 

for  Institution  Services Jean  C.  Smith 

Access  Services 

Chief Jack  F.  Marquardt 

Assistant  Chief Amy  E.  Levin 

Bibliographer  for  the  History  of  Science 

and  Technology    Jack  S.  Goodwin 

Bureau  Libraries 

Cooper-Hewitt  Museum  of  Decorative  Arts  and  Design 

Librarian    Robert  C.  Kaufmann 

Freer  Gallery  of  Art 

Librarian    Priscilla  B.  Smith 

Hirshhorn  Museum  and  Sculpture  Garden 

Librarian    Anna  M.  Brooke 

National  Air  and  Space  Museum 

Librarian    Catherine  D.  Scott 

Reference  Librarian   Dominick  A.  Pisano 

National  Collection  of  Fine  Arts  and  National  Portrait  Gallery 

Librarian    William  B.  Walker 

Reference  Librarian  Katharine  Ratzenberger 

National  Museum  of  History  and  Technology 

Librarian    Frank  A.  Pietropaoli 

Reference  Librarian Charles  G.  Berger 

Reference  Librarian Barbara  F.  Veloz 

Rare  Book  Librarian   William  J.  Leugoud 

National  Museum  of  Natural  History 

Librarian    Silvia  J.  Churgin 

Botany  Branch  Librarian Ruth  F.  Schallert 

National  Zoological  Park 

Librarian    Mary  Clare  Cahill 

Smithsonian  Astrophysical  Observatory 

Librarian    Joyce  M.  Rey 

Smithsonian  Radiation  Biology  Laboratory 

Librarian    Mary  Clare  Cahill 

Smithsonian  Tropical  Research  Institute 

Librarian    Alcira  Mejia 

Woodrow  Wilson  International  Center  for  Scholars 
Librarian    Zdenek  David 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  533 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  TRAVELING 
EXHIBITION  SERVICE 

Director    Dennis  Gould 

Administrative  Staff 

Administrative  Officer Antonio  Diez 

Registrar     Emily  Dyer 

Assistant   Registrar    Zaida  Gipson 

Assistant   Registrar    Karen  Hinkle 

Accountant    Marie-Claire  Jean 

Secretary    Michele  Newman 

General  Exhibitions  Program 
Program  Officer  and  Senior 

Exhibition  Coordinator   Anne  Gossett 

Exhibitions  Coordinator   Quinton  Hallett 

Exhibitions  Coordinator   Regina  Lipsky 

Exhibitions  Coordinator   William  Kloss 

Program   Coordinator    Marjorie  Share 

American  Studies  Program 

American  Studies  Coordinator   Andrea  Stevens 

Program  Coordinator/Education 

Specialist    Robin  Lynn 

Exhibitions/Program  Coordinator Lary  Rosenblatt 

Science  Exhibitions  Coordinator Deborah  Dawson 

Science  Exhibitions  Coordinator Martha  Cappelletti 

"International  Salute  to  the  States"  Program 

Project  Coordinator  Eileen  Rose 

Public  Affairs/Exhibition  Coordinator  .  .  Eileen  Harakal 


PUBLIC  SERVICE 


Assistant  Secretary Julian  T.  Euell 

Executive  Assistant    Vincent  L.  MacDonnell 

Administrative  Officer Jewell  S.  Dulaney 

ANACOSTIA  NEIGHBORHOOD  MUSEUM 

Director    John  R.  Kinard 

Supervisory  Program  Manager 

Education  Department Zora  Martin-Felton 

Visual  Information  Specialist Larry  Erskine  Thomas 

Exhibits  Program  Manager   Charles  W.  Mickens 

Supervisory  Exhibits  Specialist   James  E.  Mayo 

Program  Manager  (Outreach)   Fletcher  A.  Smith 

Education  Specialist  (Research) Louise  D.  Hutchinson 

Special  Projects  Assistant    Balcha  Fellows 

Program  Specialist Carolyn  Margolis 

Exhibits  Specialist    James  Campbell 

Exhibits  Specialist    James  Daniels 

Research   Assistant    Vacant 

Administrative  Officer Audrey  Archer 


534  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


DIVISION  OF  PERFORMING  ARTS 

Director    James  R.  Morris 

Deputy  Director  Richard  P.  Lusher 

Assistant  Director   Saul  Baran 

Special  Assistant  to  the  Director   Ruth  Jordan 

Administrative   Officer    Edgar  Dye 

Production  Manager    B.  C.  May 

Public  Affairs  Officer Susanne  Roschwalb 

Public  Information  Officer Manuel  Melendez 

Art  Director Janet  B.  Stratton 

Bicentennial  Liaison Barrick  Groom 

Director,  Jazz  Program Martin  Williams 

Director,  Festival  of  American  Folklife  Ralph  Rinzler 

Deputy  Director,  Administration Robert  Byington 

Deputy  Director,  Presentation Bess  Hawes 

and  the  more   than  100   staff   people  who    made   possible    the   twelve-week 
Bicentennial  Folk  Festival. 

INTERNATIONAL  EXCHANGE  SERVICE 

Director    John  E.  Estes 

OFFICE  OF  ELEMENTARY  AND  SECONDARY  EDUCATION 

Education  Program  Coordinator David  W.  Estabrook 

Assistant  Education  Coordinator Selma  A.  Searles 

Education  Specialist Ann  P.  Bay 

OFFICE  OF  PUBLIC  AFFAIRS 

Director    Carl  W.  Larsen 

Special  Assistant    Richard  Friedman 

Administrative   Officer    Muriel  J.  Slaughter 

Chief,  News  Bureau Gerald  Lipson 

Information  Officer   Johnnie  M.  Douthis 

Writer-Editor Lilas  P.  Wiltshire 

Special  Events  Officer Jeanette  C.  Gladstone 

Assistant  Special  Events  Officer Barbara  Spraggins 

Publications  Officer   Susan  Bliss 

OFFICE  OF  SMITHSONIAN  SYMPOSIA  AND  SEMINARS 

Director    Wilton  S.  Dillon 

Deputy  Director   Dorothy  Richardson 

Program  Specialist Jane  J.  Wallace 

Symposium  Assistant    Carla  Borden 

OFFICE  OF  TELECOMMUNICATIONS 

Director    Nazaret  Cherkezian 

Special  Coordinator William  C.  Grayson 

Felecommunications   Specialist    Paul  B.  Johnson 

Radio  Production  Specialist Ann  M.  Carroll 

Production  Coordinator Lawrence  E.  Kline,  Jr. 

Assistant  Production  Coordinator Jean  B.  Quinette 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  535 


READING  IS  FUNDAMENTAL,  INC. 

Chairman  of  the  Board  and  President  .  .  Mrs.  Robert  5.  McNamara 

National  Executive  Director Mrs.  Ruth  Graves 

Administrative  Officer Vacant 

Deputy  Director   Barbara  Atkinson 

Deputy  Director  Joyce  Chabot 

Support  Services  Officer Susan  Gilbert 

Field  Services  Officer Carolyn  Gunn 

SMITHSONIAN  RESIDENT  ASSOCIATE  PROGRAM 

Director    Janet  W.  Solinger 

Assistant  Director  for  Administration  .  .        Edward  H.  Able,  Jr. 
Assistant  Director  for  Programming   .  .  .        Michael  C.  Alin 
Program  Coordinators Paul  J.  Edelson 

Moya  B.  King 

Dena  Sollins 
Associate  Program  Coordinators    Roberta  G.  Lederer 

Christine  Parker 

Nancy  H.  Starr 

Membership  Coordinator   Jeanne  B.  George 

Art  Director Margaret  V.  Lee 

Information  Specialist/Editor, 

The  Smithsonian   Associate    Helen  A.  Marvel 

Registrar:  Classes  and  Crafts   Xenia  Sorokin  Arnelle 

Registrar:  Special  Events,  Trips,  and 

Tours Nuzhat  Sultan-Khan 

Coordinator  of  Volunteers   Elinor  Emlet 

VISITOR  INFORMATION  AND  ASSOCIATES'  RECEPTION  CENTER 

Director    Mary  Grace  Potter 

Staff: 

Dorothy  Adamson  Maria  Heasly 

Carolyn  Clampitt  Winifred  Keating 

Sally  Covel  Ann  Perper 

Margaret  Ellis  Kathryn  Simpson 

SMITHSONIAN  (MAGAZINE) 

Editor  and  Publisher Edward  K.  Thompson 

Executive  Editor   Ralph  Backlund 

Members,  Board  of  Editors Don  Bronkema 

Grayce  P.  Northcross 
James  K.  Page,  Jr. 
Edwards  Park 
Bennett  Schiff 
John  P.  Wiley,  Jr. 
Richard  L.  Williams 

Associate  Publisher Joseph  J.  Bonsignore 

Advertising  Director   Thomas  H.  Black 

Circulation-Promotion  Director Anne  Keating 

Picture  Associate   Caroline  Despard 

Production    Nannie  Shanahan 

Business    Carey  O.  Randall 


536  I  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  PRESS 

Acting   Director    Edward  F.  Rivinus 

Deputy  Director   Felix  C.  Lowe 

Administrative  Officer Georgianna  Hahn 

General  Publications  Managing  Editor  .  .        Maureen  R.  Jacoby 

Series  Managing  Editor    Albert  L.  Ruffin,  Jr. 

Production/Design  Manager   Stephen  Kraft 

Production  Controller   Lawrence  J.  Long 

Series  Production  Manager Charles  L.  Shaffer 

Distribution  Manager   Frederick  H.  MacVicar 

Editors     Mary  Frances  Bell 

Louise  J.  Heskett 
Joan  B.  Horn 
Nancy  L.  Powars 
Barbara  Spann 
Ruth  Spiegel 

Writer/Editor    Hope  G.  Pantell 

Designer  to  the  Smithsonian Crimilda  Pontes 

Designers   Natalie  Bigelow 

Elizabeth  Sur 

Publication    Assistants    Theresa  F.  Hostetler 

Gladys  Acton 

Publications  Clerks    Rosa  E.  Maness 

Florence  R.  Morgan 


ADMINISTRATION 

OFFICE  OF  THE  ASSISTANT  SECRETARY  FOR  ADMINISTRATION 

Assistant  Secretary    John  F.  Jameson 

Administrative  Officer John  Motheral 

Director,  Agenda  Office   Robert  L.  Farrell 

Director,  Office  of  Audits Chris  S.  Peratino 

Assistant  Director    Patrick  J.  Stanton 

Assistant  Director    Benedict  T.  Maltagliati 


FINANCIAL  SERVICES 

Treasurer    T.  Ames  Wheeler 

Assistant  Treasurer  (Accounting)   Betty  J.  Morgan 

Director  of  the  Office  of  Programming 

and  Budget Jon  E.  Yellin21 

Business  Manager    Richard  Griesel 

Chief  Accountant Allen  S.  Goff 

Manager,  Grants  and  Insurance  Division  Phillip  A.  Babcock 

Chief,  Investment  Accounting  Division  Ernest  A.  Berger 
Acting  Director,  Smithsonian 

Museum  Shops   James  J.  Chmelik 

Acting  Director,  Belmont  Conference 

Center  Mary  B.  Force 


21  Appointed  October  10,  1976. 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  537 


OFFICE  OF  THE  GENERAL  COUNSEL 

General  Counsel  Peter  G.  Powers 

Associate  General  Counsel Alan  D.  Ullberg 

Assistant  General  Counsels   George  S.  Robinson 

Suzanne  D.  Murphy 
Marie  C.  Malaro 
Robert  A.  Dierker 
James  I.  Wilson 
John  W.  Lang  III 


OFFICE  OF  MEMBERSHIP  AND  DEVELOPMENT 
Director    James  McK.  Symington 

OFFICE  OF  DEVELOPMENT 

Deputy  Director   James  R.  Lyons 

Associate  Development  Officers   Arthur  W.  Gardner 

E.  Jeffrey  Stann 
Research   Associate    Martha  McLure 

NATIONAL  ASSOCIATES  PROGRAM 

General  Manager Robert  H.  Angle 

Regional  Associates  Program 

Program   Coordinator    Charlene  James 

Program  Assistant   Terry  Lassar 

Contributing  Membership 

Program  Assistant   Jessie  A.  Brinkley 

Associates  Travel  Program 

Travel  Manager    Jacqueline  Austin 

Program  Coordinators Prudence  Clendenning 

Barbara  Schneider 


OFFICE  OF  SUPPORT  ACTIVITIES 

Director    Richard  L.  Ault 

Assistant  Director   Michael  R.  League 

Administrative  Officer Mary  Ann  Sedillo 

Contracting  Officer,  Contracts  Office  .  .  .  Elbridge  O.  Hurlbut 

Director,  Management  Analysis  Office   .  Ann  S.  Campbell 

Director,  Office  of  Computer  Services   .  .  Stanley  A.  Kovy 

Director,  Office  of  Equal  Opportunity  .  .  Archie  D.  Grimmett 
Director,  Office  of  Personnel 

Administration    Howard  Toy 

Director,  Office  of  Protection  Services  . .  Robert  B.  Burke,  Jr. 

Chief,  Travel  Services  Office Betty  V.  Strickler 

Director,  Office  of  Plant  Services Kenneth  E.  Shaw 

Director,  Office  of  Facilities  Planning 

and  Engineering  Services Phillip  K.  Reiss 

Director,  Office  of  Printing  and 

Photographic  Services   Arthur  L.  Gaush 

Director,  Office  of  Supply  Services Harry  P.  Barton 


538  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 


NATIONAL  GALLERY  OF  ART 

President     Paul  Mellon 

Vice  President John  Hay  Whitney 

Director    J.  Carter  Brown 

Assistant  Director   Charles  P.  Parkhurst 

Treasurer    Lloyd  D.  Hayes 

Administrator    Joseph  G.  English 

Secretary  and  General  Counsel Robert  Amory,  Jr. 

Staff 

Assistant  to  the  Director,  Music Richard  Bales 

Assistant  to  the  Director,  National 

Programs    W.  Howard  Adams 

Assistant  to  the  Director,  Public 

Information   Katherine  Warwick 

Assistant  to  the  Director,  Special 

Events   Robert  L.  Pell 

Planning  Consultant    David  W.  Scott 

Construction  Manager    Hurley  F.  Offenbacher 

Curator  of  American  Painting William  P.  Campbell 

Chief  Librarian J.  M.  Edelstein 

Chief,  Education Margaret  I.  Bouton 

Head,  Extension  Program  Development  Joseph  J.  Reis 

Head,  Art  Information  Service Elise  V.  H.  Ferber 

Editor    Theodore  S.  Amussen 

Chief,  Photographic  Laboratory   William  J.  Sumits 

Curator  of  Photographic  Archives Ruth  Rowe  Philbrick 

Senior  Conservator    Victor  C.  B.  Covey 

Head,  Exhibitions  and  Loans Jack  C.  Spinx 

Head,  Department  of  Design  and 

Installation     Gaillard  F.  Ravenel 

Registrar     Peter  Davidock,  Jr. 

Curator  of  Early  Italian  and  Tuscan 

Painting    David  A.  Brown 

Curator  of  Graphic  Arts Andrew  C.  Robison,  Jr. 

Curator  of  French  Painting David  E.  Rust 

Curator  of  Sculpture Douglas  Lewis,  Jr. 

Curator  of  Twentieth-Century  Art E.  A.  Carmean,  Jr. 

Curator  of  Northern  and  Later  Italian 

Painting    Sheldon  Grossman 

Curator  of  Northern  European  Painting  John  O.  Hand 

Curator  of  Dutch  Painting Arthur  K.  Wheelock 

Curator  of  Spanish  Painting Anna  Voris 

Assistant  Treasurer James  W.  Woodard 

Assistant  Administrator George  W.  Riggs 

Personnel  Officer   Jeremiah  J.  Barrett 


JOHN  F.  KENNEDY  CENTER  FOR  THE  PERFORMING  ARTS 

Honorary   Chairmen    Mrs.  Gerald  R.  Ford 

Mrs.  Richard  M.  Nixon 
Mrs.  Lyndon  B.  Johnson 
Mrs.  Aristotle  Onassis 
Mrs.  Dwight  D.  Eisenhower 


Appendix  12.  Staff  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution  I  539 


Chairman   Roger  L.  Stevens 

Vice  Chairmen    Charles  H.  Percy 

Henry  Strong 

Secretary     Frank  N.  Ikard 

Assistant  Secretary    Charlotte  Woolard 

Treasurer    W.  Jarvis  Moody 

Assistant  Treasurers   James  F.  Rogers 

William  H.  Ryland 
Henry  Strong 
Executive  Director  of  Performings  Arts  Martin  Feinstein 

General  Manager  of  Theaters Alexander  Morr 

Director  of  Operations   Thomas  Kendrick 

Director  of  Public  Relations   Robert  Jackson 

Director  of  Technical  Operations David  Nash 

Director  of  Development   Jillian  Poole 


WOODROW  WILSON  INTERNATIONAL  CENTER 
FOR  SCHOLARS 

Director    James  H.  Billington 

Deputy  Director   George  R.  Packard 

Editor    Peter  Braestrup 

Librarian    Zdenek  V.  David 

Assistant  Director  for  Administration  .  .  William  M.  Dunn 

Assistant  Director   Michael  J.  Eacey 

Special  Assistant  to  the  Director George  L.  Seay 

Assistant  Director,  and  Executive 

Secretary  of  the  Kennan  Institute  of 

Advanced  Russian  Studies S.  Frederick  Starr 


540  /  Smithsonian  Year  1976 

■fr  U.S.  Government  Printing  Office:  1977    0—222-208