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SMITHSONIAN YEAR • 1977
Programs and Activities
SMITHSONIAN YEAR • 1977
Programs and Activities
The Smithsonian Year 1977, Statement by the Secretary, including
the Financial Report of the Smithsonian Institution, is available
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
With Secretary Ripley at the throttle, Olomana was installed in the National Museum
of History and Technology on May 19, 1977. Olomana hauled sugarcane for sixty-
two seasons in Hawaii, and is typical of small steam locomotives used by industrial
railways from circa 1870 to 1940.
SMITHSONIAN YEAR • 1977
Programs and Activities
OCTOBER 1, 1976, THROUGH
SEPTEMBER 30, 1977
Smithsonian Institution Press • City of Washington * 1978
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 67-7980
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C., 20402 (paper cover) Stock Number: 047-000-00348-2
The Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of Congress in 1846
in accordance with the terms of the will of James Smithson of Eng-
land, who in 1826 bequeathed his property to the United States of
America "to found at Washington, under the name of the Smith-
sonian Institution, an establishment for the increase and diffusion
of knowledge among men." After receiving the property and ac-
cepting the trust, Congress incorporated the Institution in an "es-
tablishment," whose statutory members are the President, the Vice
President, the Chief Justice, and the heads of the executive depart-
ments, and vested responsibility for administering the trust in the
Smithsonian Board of Regents.
THE ESTABLISHMENT
Jimmy Carter, President of the United States
Walter F. Mondale, Vice President of the United States
Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States
Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of State
W. Michael Blumenthal, Secretary of the Treasury
Harold Brown, Secretary of Defense
Griffin B. Bell, Attorney General
Cecil D. Andrus, Secretary of the Interior
Bob S. Bergland, Secretary of Agriculture
Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary of Commerce
F. Ray Marshall, Secretary of Labor
Joseph A. Califano, Jr., Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
Patricia Roberts Harris, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Brock Adams, Secretary of Transportation
James R. Schlesinger, Secretary of Energy
Board of Regents and Secretary • September 30, 1977
REGENTS OF THE
INSTITUTION
EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE
Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor
Walter F. Mondale, Vice President of the United States
Henry M. Jackson, Member of the Senate
Barry Goldwater, Member of the Senate
Claiborne Pell, Member of the Senate
George H. Mahon, Member of the House of Representatives
Elford A. Cederberg, Member of the House of Representatives
Corinne C. Boggs, Member of the House of Representatives
J. Paul Austin, citizen of Georgia
John Nicholas Brown, citizen of Rhode Island
William A. M. Burden, citizen of New York
Murray Gell-Mann, citizen of California
Caryl P. Haskins, citizen of the District of Columbia
A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., citizen of Pennsylvania
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., citizen of Connecticut
James E. Webb, citizen of the District of Columbia
Warren E. Burger, Chancellor (Board of Regents)
William A. M. Burden
Caryl P. Haskins
James E. Webb (Chairman)
the secretary S. Dillon Ripley
Dorothy Rosenberg, Executive Assistant to the Secretary
John F. Jameson, Assistant Secretary for Administration
Charles Blitzer, Assistant Secretary for History and Art
David Challinor, Assistant Secretary for Science
Paul N. Perrot, Assistant Secretary for Museum Programs
Julian T. Euell, Assistant Secretary for Public Service
T. Ames Wheeler, Treasurer
Peter G. Powers, General Counsel
Richard L. Ault, Director, Support Activities
James McK. Symington, Director, Membership and Developmen*
Lawrence E. Taylor, Coordinator, Public Information
VI
Smithsonian Year • 1977
CONTENTS
page v THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
vi BOARD OF REGENTS AND SECRETARY
1 CHRONOLOGY
15 SCIENCE
16 Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies
24 Fort Pierce Bureau
27 National Air and Space Museum
39 National Museum of Man, Center for the Study of Man
45 National Museum of Natural History
57 National Zoological Park
64 Office of International Programs
65 Radiation Biology Laboratory
73 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
87 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
97 HISTORY AND ART
97 Archives of American Art
100 Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design and Decorative Arts
102 Freer Gallery of Art
106 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
113 Joseph Henry Papers
114 National Collection of Fine Arts
120 National Museum of History and Technology
133 National Portrait Gallery
137 Office of Academic Studies
138 Office of American and Folklife Studies
141 MUSEUM PROGRAMS
143 Conservation Analytical Laboratory
141 National Museum Act Program
148 Office of Exhibits Central
149 Office of Horticulture
vu
MUSEUM PROGRAMS, Continued
page 150 Office of Museum Programs
153 Office of the Registrar
154 Smithsonian Institution Archives
155 Smithsonian Institution Libraries
159 Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service
165 PUBLIC SERVICE
166 Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
169 Division of Performing Arts
173 Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
175 Office of Smithsonian Symposia and Seminars
179 Office of Telecommunications
180 Smithsonian Institution Press
181 Smithsonian Magazine
183 Smithsonian Resident Associates
186 Visitor Information and Associates' Reception Center
189 MEMBERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT
195 ADMINISTRATION
201 WOODROYV WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR
SCHOLARS
204 JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS
223 READING IS FUNDAMENTAL, INC.
227 SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE, INC.
231 NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
235 APPENDICES
vm
Smithsonian Year • 7977
CHRONOLOGY
The following is a representative selection of Smithsonian events during
the year. No attempt has been made to make it a complete compilation
of all Smithsonian activities.
1976
October
October 1
October 3
October 6
publication": Inaugural edition of The Wilson Quarterly
published by the VVoodrow Wilson International Center
for Scholars.
science: Volcano monitoring stations, initiated by Nation-
al Museum of Natural History scientist Dr. Richard Fiske,
established on the Lesser Antillean Islands of Martinique,
St. Vincent, and Montserrat, similar to those established
earlier on the flanks of Guadeloupe's threatening La-
Soufriere Volcano.
new department: National Portrait Gallery established a
Department of Photographs, made possible through
change in charter redefining portraiture for the purpose
of acquisitions.
exhibition: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service exhibition (Bicentennial) "Belgian Gunmaking
and American History" began tour at Smithsonian Insti-
tution's National Museum of History and Technology.
concert series: First of five Blues Concerts, at the Na-
tional Museum of Natural History, presented by the Di-
vision of Performing Arts.
opening: The Archives of American Art established its
Midwest Regional Office at the Detroit Institute of Arts,
with remarks by the Mayor of Detroit.
lecture series: First of eight lectures in a series titled
"New Windows on the Universe" presented by the Na-
tional Air and Space Museum and the Harvard-Smith-
sonian Center for Astrophysics.
October 7 opening : Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design and Decora-
tive Arts reopened to the public in New York City fea-
turing inaugural exhibition "MAN transFORMS, Aspects
of Design."
award: First International Award for Distinguished Con-
tributions to Natural History presented to George Gay-
lord Simpson, paleontologist and evolutionary theorist,
for his contributions as researcher, teacher, and philoso-
pher.
October 10 concert series: First of five Jazz Heritage concerts pre-
sented by the Division of Performing Arts at the National
Museum of Natural History.
October 14 exhibition: "Hans Hofmann," the first large survey of this
American artist's work since his death in 1966, opened at
the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
October 15 exhibition : "The American Presidency in Political Car-
toons" opened at the National Portrait Gallery.
October 18 award: The Edward W. Browning Achievement Award
for Conserving the Environment presented to Dr. Joel W.
Hedgpeth, Professor Emeritus, Oregon State University,
for his lifetime contributions in research and education
in the field of marine biology.
permanent installation: National Collection of Fine Arts
opened the John Gellatly Gallery, with one hundred Euro-
pean and Asiatic art objects, part of a collection of paint-
ings and art objects donated to the Smithsonian in 1929.
October 19 exhibition: "Americas: The Decorative Arts in Latin
America in the Era of the Revolution," a major Bicenten-
nial exhibition, opened at the Renwick Gallery.
October 20 acquisition: Bush dog, one of many animals acquired by
purchase or loan by the National Zoo, was received on
loan from zoo at Frankfurt, Germany.
October 23 milestone : One hundred and fifty years ago, James Smith-
son wrote his will leading to the creation of the Smith-
sonian Institution.
October 24 concert series : First of six American Popular Song pro-
grams presented by the Division of Performing Arts at
the National Museum of Natural History.
visit: Soviet space scientists visited the Center for Astro-
physics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of a nation-
wide tour to further Russian-American space efforts.
October 27 award : Arts and Industries Building received Historic
2 / Smithsonian Year 1977
October 30
November 1
November 6
November 7
November 8
November 11
November 15
November 19
November 23
Preservation Award from the Washington Metropolitan
Chapter of the American Institute of Architects.
exhibition: "Robert Rauschenberg," featuring 150 works,
opened at the National Collection of Fine Arts, later trav-
eling to the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Albright-Knox
Art Gallery, and The Art Institute of Chicago.
concert series: Theatre Chamber Players, in residence at
the Smithsonian, performed in the first of their five-
concert series.
concert series: First of three-concert series featuring
"Music from Marlboro" presented by the Division of
Performing Arts at the National Museum of Natural
History.
concert series: First of three programs in the Jazz Con-
noisseur series presented by the Division of Performing
Arts at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
concert series : The Smithsonian Chamber Players began
a new series of fifteen concerts, presented by the Division
of Performing Arts and the Division of Musical Instru-
ments at the National Museum of History and Tech-
nology.
exhibition: "Alfred Leslie," an exhibition of works by a
major American realist painter, opened at the Hirshhorn
Museum and Sculpture Garden.
visit: Nine astronomers from the People's Republic of
China visited the Smithsonian-Harvard Center for Astro-
physics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of a month-
long scientific exchange.
exhibition: "Chac-Mool: A Bicentennial Loan from Mexi-
co," an official showing of one of Mexico's national treas-
ures, the Chac-Mool from Chichen-Itza (Maya-Toltec
sculpture: 10th-12th centuries, a.d.), opened at the Hirsh-
horn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
exhibition: "Jacob Kainen: Prints, a Retrospective" opened
at the National Collection of Fine Arts.
exhibition: "The Art of Poetry: 1950-1975" opened at the
National Collection of Fine Arts as part of a citywide
poetry and visual arts celebration.
exhibition: "Treasures of Cyprus" opened at the National
Museum of Natural History. The Smithsonian Institution
Traveling Exhibition Service circulated the exhibit as part
of the International Salute to the States Bicentennial
program.
Chronology I 3
December 1 special event: The Anacostia Neighborhood Museum be-
gan a month-long series of Christmas-season activities,
including a workshop on the African Kwanza festival,
and marching bands.
December 1-2 exhibitions: Two exhibitions opened as part of the Dis-
trict of Columbia's celebration featuring poetry and the
visual arts in the community: "A Touch of the Poet:
Portraits from the Permanent Collection," National Por-
trait Gallery; and "E. E. Cummings: The Poet as Artist,"
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
December 2
December 4
December 8
December 9
December
10-18
December 15
exhibition: "Peter Plagens: Works on Paper," a West
Coast artist's first one-man show in a major museum,
opened at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
film: Smithsonian-produced film Celebrating a Century
had its premiere showing for museum visitors, beginning
a regular feature at the Arts and Industries Building and
the Museum of History and Technology. It was telecast
nationally May 11-15 via Public Broadcasting Service. It
also won a CINE Golden Eagle Award.
opening: The Naturalist Center, with reference books and
equipment for research and study by serious amateur
naturalists, opened as the final phase of the West Court
project at the National Museum of Natural History.
special event: "A Hirshhorn Holiday: An Adventure in
Art and Illusion," four hours of free entertainment and
performances for children, sponsored by the Women's
Committee of the Smithsonian Associates, was presented
at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gardens.
doubleday lecture: John Updike spoke on "The Written
Word" as part of the lecture series presented at the Na-
tional Museum of History and Technology.
exhibition: "Not a Model Boy" opened at the National
Portrait Gallery marking the one hundredth anniversary
of the publication of Mark Twain's The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer.
national associates program : Program for regional mem-
bers of Smithsonian Associates presented in Peoria, Illi-
nois, co-sponsored by the Lakeview Center for the Arts
and Sciences, featured exhibitions, workshops, lectures,
and performing arts events.
exhibition: "The Object as Poet" opened at the Renwick
Gallery, examining the relationship of poetry to the poetic
image in objects made by artists/craftsmen.
4 / Smithsonian Year 1977
December 15
December 16
December 22
December 28
exhibition: "Edward Munch: The Major Graphics — A Bi-
centennial Exhibition from Norway" opened at the George
Washington University and was circulated by the Smith-
sonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service in the In-
ternational Salute to the States program.
exhibition: "Person to Person," a multi-media exhibit
marking the one-hundredth anniversary of the telephone,
opened at the National Museum of History and Tech-
nology.
exhibition: "John White Alexander (1856-1915)," the
first comprehensive exhibit of Alexander's work in sixty
years, opened at the National Collection of Fine Arts.
acquisition: Nineteen Winslow Homer letters, some illus-
trated with sketches, acquired by the Archives of Ameri-
can Art.
1977
January 10 exhibitions: "First Ladies Jewelry and Accessories and
Presidential Inaugural Medals" opened at the National
Museum of History and Technology, in tribute to the
Presidential Inaugural.
appointment: United States Senator Barry Goldwater, of
Arizona, appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu-
tion.
acquisition: Pioneer 10 spacecraft displayed in the Mile-
stones of Flight Gallery of the National Air and Space
Museum.
January 11 opening: The Silver Hill Museum, with several buildings
of displays and the restoration facility of the National Air
and Space Museum, opened for public tours at Silver Hill,
Maryland.
January 12 special event: President-Elect Jimmy Carter held a foreign
affairs briefing in the Smithsonian Institution Building.
January 15 exhibition: "The President's Medal 1789-1977" opened at
the National Portrait Gallery, exhibiting the medals of
Presidents from George Washington to Jimmy Carter, and
reviewing the origins and development of this form of
American portraiture.
reinstallation: Hall of Presidents reopened by the Na-
tional Portrait Gallery including newly acquired portraits
of John Adams and Zachary Taylor.
January 18-22 concert series : Eighty-five free concerts held in seven
museums, under the direction of the Division of Perform-
Chronology I 5
January 26
January 29
January 29-
February 6
ing Arts, in tribute to the inaugurations of President
Carter and Vice President Mondale.
January 20 appointment: Walter F. Mondale became ex-officio mem-
ber of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution on his
inauguration as Vice President.
January 24 exhibition: "Artists and Writers in America: Some Rela-
tionships" opened at the National Portrait Gallery by the
Archives of American Art.
appointment: United States Senator Claiborne Pell, of
Rhode Island, appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian
Institution.
doubleday lecture: United States Congressman John
Brademas of Indiana spoke at the National Museum of
History and Technology on "Education in the Real
World."
exhibition: "Locks from Iran: Pre-Islamic to the Twen-
tieth Century," produced and circulated by the Smith-
sonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, opened at
the National Museum of Natural History.
national associates program: Program for regional mem-
bers of Smithsonian Associates held in Milwaukee in co-
sponsorship with the Milwaukee Art Center, the Mil-
waukee Public Museum, and Friends of the Museum, Inc.,
assisted by the Performing Arts Center, included exhibi-
tions, workshops, lectures, and performing arts events.
February 2 symposium: "20th Century Canadian Culture: A Sympo-
sium," an eleven-week series of lectures, panel discus-
sions, and films on Canadian arts and humanities, opened
at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden with the
evening keynote address, "Canadian Culture Today," by
Dr. Northrop Frye, and introductory remarks by Mrs.
Walter Mondale and Mrs. Pierre Trudeau.
opening: Education- Administration Building opened at the
National Zoo as part of the Zoo's master plan for mod-
ernization.
February 3 exhibition: "14 Canadians: A Critic's Choice" opened at
the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in con-
junction with "20th Century Canadian Culture" sym-
posium.
February 6-20 national associates program : A program of exhibitions,
lectures, workshops, and performing arts events held for
Smithsonian Associates in Detroit, Michigan, co-spon-
sored by the Cranbrook Education Community, Detroit
Historical Museum and Detroit Historical Society, and
the Detroit Institute of Arts.
6 / Smithsonian Year 1977
February 10 acquisition: A rare 1880 self-portrait by Mary Cassatt
acquired by the National Portrait Gallery; one of only two
painted by the American artist, who was a major figure
in the French Impressionist movement.
February 11 exhibition: "Daniel Chester French: An American Sculp-
tor" opened at the National Collection of Fine Arts, the
first major retrospective of French's work.
February 16 films: Opening of thirteen-film series, produced by Wan-
go Weng and presented by the China Institute in Ameri-
ca, entitled China: The Enduring Heritage at the National
Museum of Natural History.
February 21 visit: United States Senator John Glenn, of Ohio, was
the honored guest at a National Air and Space Museum
luncheon to observe the fifteenth anniversary of the first
American orbital flight. As an astronaut, Senator Glenn
was the pilot of Friendship 7 which made the flight.
February 28- scientific workshop: One hundred scientists and science-
March 3 related professionals attended conference on Watershed
Research in Eastern North America, sponsored by the
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Sciences and
the National Science Foundation and held at the Bay
Center. Sixty scientific papers presented at the workshop
have been published in one volume.
March 1 award: America as Art, a book by Joshua C. Taylor, Di-
rector, National Collection of Fine Arts, was chosen as one
of five finalists in the history category for the twenty-
eighth annual National Book Awards given by the Amer-
ican Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. (See April
30.)
March 1-11 national associates program: A regional program for
Smithsonian Associates held in Seattle, Washington, in
co-sponsorship with the Pacific Science Center, the Seattle
Art Museum, the Seattle Historical Society, and the Mu-
seum of History and Industry, and assisted by the Depart-
ment of Music, University of Washington, featured per-
forming arts events, exhibitions, workshops, and lectures.
March 3 exhibition: "Royal Pavillion at Brighton" opened at the
Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design and Decorative Arts,
New York City.
March 4 appointment: United States Congresswoman Corinne C.
(Lindy) Boggs of Louisiana appointed a Regent of the
Smithsonian Institution, the first woman to hold this
position.
March 6 exhibition: "The Anacostia Story" opened at the Anacos-
tia Neighborhood Museum, with focus on the area's his-
tory from 1608 to 1930.
Chronology I 7
March 9-17 national associates program: A program for Smithson-
ian Associates held in Portland, Oregon, in co-sponsor-
ship with the Oregon Historical Society and the Portland
Art Museum.
March 16 doubled ay lecture: Charles Eames, artisan and designer,
spoke at the National Museum of History and Technology
on "Education Outside the Educational Establishment."
March 17 exhibition: "Rails of the World: Paintings by J. Fenwick
Lansdowne" opened at the National Museum of Natural
History. The exhibit was circulated by the Smithsonian
Institution Traveling Exhibition Service.
March 18 exhibition: "Paint on Wood: Decorated American Furni-
ture Since the 17th Century" opened at the Renwick
Gallery.
March 25 exhibition: "Acquisitions: 1974-1977" presented the
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden's more than
one hundred thirty works acquired through gift and pur-
chase since the Museum opened in October 1974.
March 26 special event: Annual Kite Festival and Competition,
sponsored by the Smithsonian Resident Associates and
under the direction of Paul Garber, National Air and
Space Museum, was held on the Mall.
April 2 visit: First Lady Rosalynn Carter and daughter Amy
visited the National Zoological Park.
April 3 spring celebration: First of more than eighty musical
events presented over a fifteen-day period on the grounds
of the National Museum of History and Technology.
April 5 meeting: Assistant Secretary David Challinor met with
President Anwar el-Sadat in Washington to discuss
Smithsonian projects in Egypt.
April 7 exhibitions : "Oriental Calligraphy," a major showing of
calligraphy from China, Japan, and the Near East, and
Biblical manuscripts from the 3rd to 17th centuries,
opened at the Freer Gallery of Art.
April 11-21 national associates program: A program for regional
members of Smithsonian Associates held in Denver, Colo-
rado, in co-sponsorship with the Denver Art Museum,
the Denver Public Library, and the State Historical So-
ciety of Colorado.
April 12 milestone: Tenth anniversary of the Carousel on the Mall.
April 20 doubleday lecture : James M. Hester, Rector of the United
Nations University, spoke at the National Museum of
8 / Smithsonian Year 1977
History and Technology on "Education for a Changed
World."
April 20-27 national associates program : A regional program for
Smithsonian Associates held in Minneapolis-St. Paul,
Minnesota, in co-sponsorship with the Minnesota His-
torical Society, the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, the
Science Museum in Minnesota, and the Walker Art
Center, and with the assistance of the Department of
Music, University of Minnesota.
April 30 exhibition: "America as Art," a major Bicentennial exhi-
bition, opened at the National Collection of Fine Arts.
May 1 native American training program: Dr. George Abrams,
member of the Seneca Nation and Director of the Seneca
Museum, arrived as the first participant in the training
program organized by the Office of Museum Programs
for the study of techniques and methods of museology.
May 19 visit: His Holiness, the Sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa, head
of the Tibetan Buddism sect Kagyu, toured the Smith-
sonian Institution.
May 20 symposium: "The Life and Accomplishments of Charles
A. Lindbergh" presented by the National Air and Space
Museum in observance of the fiftieth anniversary of Lind-
bergh's solo flight across the Atlantic.
exhibition: "Painting and Sculpture in California: The
Modern Era" opened at the National Collection of Fine
Arts with 270 works created from 1900 to 1976 by 199
artists.
May 21 exhibition: "American Crafts in the White House" opened
at the Renwick Gallery.
May 24 exhibition : "The Thomas Eakins Collection of the Hirsh-
horn Museum and Sculpture Garden," the first extensive
showing of one of the largest Eakins collections in the
United States, opened at the Hirshhorn Museum.
symposium: "Thomas Eakins: A Symposium," a day-long
series of lectures by four leading Eakins scholars, pre-
sented in the Hirshhorn Museum auditorium.
May 25 annual lecture : Dr. Robert H. Dyson Jr., President of
the Archeological Institute of America spoke on "Twenty
Years Digging in Iran," presented by the Smithsonian
Institution and the Archeological Institute of America.
music institute: The Division of Performing Arts opened
a nine-day "Institute on Criticism in Jazz."
May 27 exhibition: "25th National Exhibition of Prints," opened
at the National Collection of Fine Arts.
Chronology I 9
June
June 9
June 10
June 14
June 16
June 23
June 24
June 29
accreditation: The Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
offered an accredited course designed for teachers, in con-
junction with the Advisory and Learning Exchange.
film: Faces of Freedom, a 30-minute film presenting an
overview of American history as told through portraiture,
produced by Charles Guggenheim Productions for the Na-
tional Portrait Gallery with Charlton Heston as narrator,
premiered at the National Portrait Gallery.
exhibition: "Recent Works in Metal by Albert Paley,"
including the hand-wrought gates he designed and fabri-
cated for the Renwick Gallery museum shop, and "Iron,
Solid Wrought/USA" opened at the Renwick Gallery.
sixth international symposium: "Kin and Communities:
The Peopling of America," a four-day program produced
by the Smithsonian Office of Seminars and Symposia,
opened at the Kennedy Center, with ceremonies that in-
cluded First Lady Rosalynn Carter, anthropologist Mar-
garet Mead, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, author Alex
Haley, wife of the District of Columbia's mayor Mrs. Wal-
ter Washington, and Smithsonian Secretary S. Dillon Rip-
ley. Related film programs and exhibitions were scheduled
in the National Museum of History and Technology and
the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
award: United States Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of
Minnesota was awarded the Smithsonian Institution's Jo-
seph Henry Medal at the opening ceremonies of "Kin and
Communities" symposium.
exhibition: "The Photography of Leland Rice" opened at
the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the mu-
seum's first exhibition of contemporary photography.
visit: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne and Captain
Mark Phillips of Great Britain toured the National Mu-
seum of History and Technology and the Silver Jubilee
exhibition, which commemorated the twenty-fifth anni-
versary of the reign of Great Britain's Queen Elizabeth II.
exhibition: "Photographing the Frontier," the first half of
a showing of photographs by the pioneers of the Ameri-
can Frontier, opened at the National Museum of History
and Technology.
exhibition: "22 Polish Textile Artists" opened at the Ren-
wick Gallery.
sculpture dedication: On the west lawn of the National
Air and Space Museum, Carlos A. Perez, President of
Venezuela, dedicated Alejandro Otero's Delta Solar sculp-
ture, his country's Bicentennial gift to the United States.
10 / Smithsonian Year 1977
July
July 4
July 8
July 9
July 14
July 20
July 29
August
August 4
August 5
science: Pleistocene lake site in Colorado, excavated by
National Museum of Natural History archeologist Dr.
Dennis Stanford, revealed proof that early man was in the
New World hunting mammoths, camels, and other ice-age
animals earlier than previously known.
special event: Smithsonian Station of the Washington
area's Metro subway system opened on the Mall at 12th
Street.
special event: Three days of music, crafts, and dancing
held on the terrace and grounds of the National Museum
of History and Technology in celebration of the Fourth
of July.
milestone: National Air and Space Museum welcomed
its 10 millionth visitor since its opening July 1, 1976. The
record was set one week after nasm's first anniversary.
exhibition : "Raices y Visiones — Roots and Visions," a bi-
lingual show, opened at the National Collection of Fine
Arts with paintings, prints, and sculpture by artists of
the American Hispanic communities.
exhibition: "Palaces for the People," an exhibit on a
hundred years of resort and motel architecture in Ameri-
ca, opened at the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design and
Decorative Arts, New York City.
exhibition: "Summer Sculpture '77," the first outdoor
contemporary sculpture show on loan to the Hirshhorn
Museum and Sculpture Garden, was opened.
exhibition: "Arthur Wesley Dow (1857-1922)" opened al
the National Collection of Fine Arts; Dow was an influ-
encial art educator around the turn of the century.
science: Research team, led by National Museum of Natu-
ral History archeologist Dr. William Fitzhugh to remote
regions of Arctic Northern Labrador, made discoveries
about the origins of Indian and Eskimo people and found
the northernmost Indian burial structure known in eastern
North America.
art commission: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gar-
den announced major commission by the Institute of Scrap
Iron and Steel, Inc., for the creation of a monumental out-
door sculpture by American artist Mark Di Suvero. Instal-
lation on plaza and dedication ceremonies planned for
summer, 1978.
exhibition: "Grass," a major show of natural grasses and
their use as both functional and decorative objects of
many cultures, opened at the Renwick Gallery.
Chronology I 11
August 7
August 12
August 20
August 26
August 27
September 4
September 9
conference: Seventh International Conference on the
History of Cartography began in the National Museum
of History and Technology, co-sponsored by the Library
of Congress. Rare maps, early surveying equipment, and
documents from pre-Columbian times to the 19th century
were featured in exhibits developed in conjunction with
the meeting.
satellite: HEAO-1, an X-ray satellite carrying an experi-
ment developed jointly by the Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy, was the first in a series of three high-energy obser-
vatories launched by the National Air and Space Museum
to survey and map the X-ray sky. HEAO-1 subsequently
identified a bright X-ray nova in the constellation Ophiu-
chus and a rapid X-ray burster at the galactic center.
exhibition: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service exhibition "North American Indian Baskets" be-
gan tour at Houston Museum of Natural Science, Texas.
exhibition: "We Were But a Handful," the story of the
Woman's Party from Seneca Falls to the 19th amend-
ment, opened at the National Portrait Gallery.
exhibition: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service's exhibit "And Now a Message ... A Century of
American Advertising 1830-1930" opened in three copies
at McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Saint Louis
Public Library; and the Lincoln First National Bank in
Rochester, New York.
special event: The National Air and Space Museum's first
annual Smithsonian Frisbee Festival held, with demonstra-
tions and workshops, on the Mall.
exhibition: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service exhibit "Folk Arts & Crafts" opened at Center for
Southern Folklore in Memphis, Tennessee.
September 15 milestone: Tenth Anniversary of the Anacostia Neighbor-
hood Museum observed with an Open House.
exhibitions: "Chinese Album Leaves and Fan Paintings"
and "The Four Seasons in Japanese Art" opened at the
Freer Gallery of Art.
September 21 award : CINE Golden Eagle certificate awarded to Smith-
sonian Institution-produced film, The Smithsonian Insti-
tution with S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary.
September 24 exhibition: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service exhibit from Hungary entitled "Hungarian Art
12 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Nouveau" began tour at Ackland Memorial Art Center,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
September 26 exhibition: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service exhibit "Images of Old Age in America" began
its national tour at the Institute of Gerontology, Univer-
sity of Michigan.
September 30 exhibition: "Raphael Soyer: Drawings and Watercolors"
opened at the National Collection of Fine Arts; in con-
junction with the exhibition, Joshua C. Taylor, Director
of the National Collection of Fine Arts, and Soyer held a
dialogue about the artist's work.
Chronology I 13
w
-
■■■ -J:. ■,
-**' h t
Two scientists at the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies measure
soil moisture as part of an investigation of the hydrologic characteristics of indi-
vidual drainage basins.
Smithsonian Year -1977
SCIENCE
The bicentennial celebrations brought a greater awareness among
the science bureaus of the need to redouble their efforts to serve the
public. Attendance at the museums increased this past year over that
of 1976 owing in large measure to the extreme popularity of the
National Air and Space Museum. A great deal of energy has been
expended this past year on visitor surveys in an attempt to deter-
mine where we have been successful with the public and to point
out areas of weakness. We are delighted with the initial results,
which indicate a continued interest among the public in our pres-
entations and an increased knowledge of scientific principles.
With the hectic days of 1976 now behind us, the science units
have intensified their research efforts. Among the exciting finds of
the past year was confirmation of past theories linking periods of
the sun's activity with climate. Studies at the Chesapeake Bay
Center for Environmental Studies (cbces) have yielded preliminary
findings which may link the use of herbicides to a decline in the
ecologically and economically important sea grasses of Chesapeake
Bay. Continued monitoring of experimental solar panels at the
Radiation Biology Laboratory may have profound significance on
the use of solar energy to heat and cool our homes in the future.
Scientists at the National Museum of Natural History have made a
significant finding in archeology which will redefine our thinking
as to when man first inhabited North America. Studies on amphi-
pods, small Crustacea, have assisted in determining tolerance levels
to oil pollution. In the tropics, at the Smithsonian Tropical Re-
search Institute, studies of wasp species have enabled us to deter-
mine more clearly how these species relate and their role as carriers
of disease.
15
Our educational programs made great strides in fiscal year 1977
by moving away from the more traditional role of letting exhibits
tell the whole story. A Naturalist Center, established at the Na-
tional Museum of Natural History, gave interested amateurs the
opportunity to study specimens from the collection rather than
just look at them through glass. Resource rooms were established at
the Zoo to allow more active participation for visitors and school
groups in the Zoo's programs by focusing in depth on certain exhib-
its. The cbces continued its program of naturalist tours and is devel-
oping innovative curriculum material for all ages of visitors.
The past year did have its challenges and doubts. The ever-
present problem of inadequate research support continued to ham-
per the effectiveness of our efforts. Coupled with this concern was
the constant challenge by some of the very nature of our scientific
enterprises. All institutions are subject to this challenge from time
to time, but our firm conviction is that we should move ahead
permitting time to prove our efforts to be in the best interests of
our nation.
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies
Activities at the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Stud-
ies (cbces) include ecological research and education programs.
Principal themes in research include the comparative ecology of
terrestrial communities with emphasis on the effects of past land
use. Estuarine research is concerned with the response of biological
populations to physical and chemical factors. The integration of
these two programs is accomplished by an extensive program of
monitoring and analysis of runoff from the Rhode River watershed
through a system of permanent gauging stations. Education pro-
grams include basic research on the design and implementation of
outdoor-centered learning experiences, conduct of science-educa-
tion field trips for school groups, and the development of public
programs emphasizing the application of science to environmental
issues.
16 / Smithsonian Year 1977
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Upland Ecology
The study of the Center's terrestrial communities was expanded
with the addition to the staff of Dr. Dennis Whigham, a plant
ecologist. He and his colleagues have established a system of per-
manent quadrats as part of a long-term vegetation inventory
which will be used to monitor population changes as well as meas-
uring yearly production rates and long-term fluctuations in the
standing stock of nutrients under various land-use conditions. In
cooperation with Daniel Higman, Dr. Whigham is also studying how
honeysuckle, sassafras, and broomstraw grass interact competitively
in early stages of succession. Investigators at the Center have been
joined by Dr. Beryl Simpson of the National Museum of Natural
History and Mr. Paul Opler of the United States Fish and Wild-
life Service in monitoring plant phenology in a recently abandoned
field, a young forest, and a mature forest. These investigators are
determining patterns of breeding systems, seed dispersal, and seed
size within the three study sites. The work is designed to provide
a comparison of these systems with desert and tropical ecosys-
tems. Through a grant from the State of Maryland, Drs. Whigham
and J. F. Lynch are investigating the configurations of forest
patches that are necessary to maintain certain bird and plant com-
munities.
Dr. Lynch and his colleagues are examining the effects of sec-
ondary plant succession and land use on various animal communi-
ties found in the Rhode River watershed. They are monitoring
animal populations on a number of study sites, each of which has
been selected to represent a different land use or successional
stage ranging from active cornfields and pasture, through re-
cently abandoned old fields, to middle and late successional decid-
uous forest. Data on abundance and diversity have been gathered
for birds, large mammals, small mammals, ants, litter arthropods,
and understory arthropods. All of these groups have been studied
in detail for at least one year and monitored regularly for more
than two years. The study of the latter groups will continue for
at least several additional years in order to document long-term
fluctuations or directional trends in abundance.
Science I 17
A study of the community ecology of ants at the Center was
begun in 1975. The goal is to document the spatial and temporal
distribution of the approximately sixty ant species found at the
Center and to assess the role of competition for food and nest sites
in maintaining observed patterns of distribution and abundance.
Ant occurrence has been assessed by means of quantitative sam-
pling of understory vegetation and leaf litter, and by recording ant
activity at standardized baiting stations. Ants are sampled on a
monthly basis at twelve sites representing a maximal range of land
use and successional maturity. The possible effects of interspecific
competition for food are studied by documenting behavioral inter-
actions at baits before and after experimental manipulation of
species abundances.
The range of land-use types intensely studied at the Center was
increased with the addition of pasture and lawn sites. Dr. John
Falk is studying the net primary productivity of grass systems
under intensive and minimal management conditions. He is also
examining the adaptive features of invertebrates on lawn systems
subject to frequent mowing.
Watershed Studies
The Center's extensive watershed research and monitoring pro-
gram was expanded during the year to include two stations in tidal
waters which receive the drainage from moderate density residen-
tial communities. In addition, several temporary stations were
installed in the Patuxent River drainage basin in order to deter-
mine the extent to which runoff data from the Rhode River water-
shed can be applied to other drainage areas of the eastern coastal
plain. To supplement this program, a network of twelve rain
gauges was installed throughout the Rhode River watershed to
permit the accurate characterization of variations in local rainfall
and runoff patterns.
Dr. Maria Faust has for the past three years been estimating
the concentration of fecal bacteria and pathogens in runoff in re-
lation to land use, season, and other factors. Her data indicates
that fecal bacteria levels in runoff fluctuate seasonally and are
highest in March, July, and August. Her findings suggest that ap-
proximately 2,600 cubic meters of receiving water are required
for every hectare of watershed area in order to assure that the
18 / Smithsonian Year 1977
concentrations of fecal bacteria do not exceed water quality stand-
ards for shellfish harvesting. Dr. Faust also determined that over
two-thirds of total fecal coliform discharge from the Rhode River
watershed originated from pastures which represent less than 20
percent of the total land area. Similar findings were made for fecal
streptococcus.
Dr. Tung Lin Wu has been analyzing the heavy metal constitu-
ents of watershed runoff and rainwater. He estimates that the
Rhode River receiving waters annually receive via land runoff
approximately 49 tons of iron, IV2 tons of manganese and lesser
quantities of zinc, chromium, cadmium, copper, and lead. In gen-
eral, cultivated land appears to contribute the highest yield of
metals in the fall season, while pasture contributes the greatest
quantities in the summertime.
The complete findings of the Center's Watershed Program
through 1976 were reported at a conference on Watershed Re-
search in Eastern North America sponsored by the Center and
funded by the National Science Foundation. Some one hundred
and twenty scientists and agency representatives attended the con-
ference to discuss the results of major watershed studies in eastern
United States including those on the Walker Branch in Tennessee,
Lake Jackson Watershed in Florida, Coweeta and the Chowan
River in North Carolina, the Mahantango Creek Watershed in
Pennsylvania, and Rhode River in Maryland. Proceedings of the
conference have been published.
Estuarine Research
Fish population work was aimed at evaluating the amount of pri-
mary production from tidal marshes and mud flats which are
utilized to support spawning and larval fish populations. This
utilization of primary productivity can then be compared to other
major pathways such as microbial breakdown with the marsh or
the transport of organic matter into the estuary by tidal currents.
Preliminary studies were initiated by Joseph Miklas on the spawn-
ing movements of yellow and white perch in headwater streams and
marshes. The spawning movements of both of these species were
observed to be temperature dependent. Using mark and recapture
methods, the population of each spawning stock was estimated and
will be related to similar data to be collected in subsequent years.
Science I 19
A team of investigators at the Center, led by Drs. David Correll
and Tung Lin Wu, has been investigating various environmental
factors which may have influenced the virtual disappearance of
sea grasses in the Chesapeake Bay. The dense beds of plants
acted to stabilize bottom sediments and as wave filters to protect
shorelines on the Bay. Thus, their decline has been speculatively
linked to increased rates of shoreline erosion in recent years. Coin-
ciding with this decline has been the increased use of agricultural
herbicides in connection with the adoption of "no till" or mini-
mum-till agricultural methods in the Chesapeake drainage. The
preliminary findings of Drs. Correll and Wu suggest that concen-
trations of some herbicides occur in Bay sediments at levels which
might be toxic to sea grasses. This reconnaissance work is now
being supplemented by bioassay experiments wherein four species
of formerly abundant grasses are being tested for their response to
herbicide concentrations similar to those found in surface waters
and Bay-bottom sediments.
Dr. Maria Faust has been examining the utilization of inorganic
carbon and orthophosphate by phytoplankton and bacteria in an
estuarine environment. By using radioactive carbon and phos-
phorus combined with autoradiography, she has been able to dis-
tinguish metabolically active and inactive microorganisms. Her
findings suggest that only about 28 percent to 42 percent of the
total phytoplankton in the estuary were metabolically active and
that phytoplankton smaller than 20 microns in size were more
active, as compared with larger species, than their total biomass
would indicate. This suggests that smaller cells have an advantage
in nutrient uptake because of larger surface-to-volume ratio. De-
pending on the season of the year, between 63 percent and 85
percent of bacteria in the estuary were metabolically active, and in
November bacteria associated with the plankton were the most
active fraction of the microorganisms. The high metabolic activi-
ties of bacteria corresponded with the highest phosphorus uptake
rates of phytoplankton at that time. This may indicate a close
relationship between the metabolic activities of phytoplankton
and those of bacteria in an estuarine environment.
EDUCATION
During fiscal year 1977, cbces increased its educational emphasis
20 / Smithsonian Year 1977
on research and curriculum development in outdoor-centered en-
vironment education while maintaining a high level of activity in
the areas of information transfer and public programs.
Research in Environmental Education
The addition of Dr. John Balling, an educational psychologist, to
the staff in the fall of 1976, provided the cbces educational re-
search program added depth and expertise. Several investigations
were launched under his direction during this year. A follow-up
study on the impact of novel settings on learners corroborated
earlier findings that children learn better in surroundings that are
familiar to them. Another study was conducted which identified
a second major variable in the outdoor learning, the setting. This
investigation varied the relevance of the learning setting to the
subject matter being taught. The findings support the long-held
belief of outdoor educators that certain subjects may be positively
enhanced by being taught in a reinforcing setting. This work is
expected to lead to the development of new approaches to the Cen-
ter's public education programs.
Investigations were begun in human ecology, focusing on the
effects of environmental change on human behavior and attitudes.
One study conducted by Drs. Balling and Falk measured, over a
wide range of age groups, preference toward natural settings. Five
natural biomes were evaluated including tropical rain forest, tem-
perate deciduous forest, coniferous forest, savanna, and desert.
Overall, the savanna was rated highest for both a residential setting
and as a place to visit.
Public Education Programs
Initiated in 1975, the teacher-led tour program is designed to pro-
vide children with outdoor experiences which reinforce or intro-
duce science concepts. The Center worked closely with the local
Anne Arundel County School System to develop the following
teacher-led activities: "Micro-Trails, Macro-Trails" for the first
grade; "Animal Adaptations: Insects and Spiders" for the second
and third grades; "Community Comparison: Forest and Old Field"
and "Estuary Chesapeake" for the fifth and sixth grades; and
"Seeing the Trees for the Forest: A Census Activity" for the sev-
enth and eighth grades. Each activity is outlined in a brochure that
Science I 21
includes background information for the teacher, objectives for
the students, a step-by-step procedure section for the class and
suggested follow-up activities.
Another model concept in outdoor environmental education is
the Center's Summer Ecology Program. The program emphasizes
community-centered learning. The program, conducted in seven
different locations instead of the Center's research facility, helps
familiarize children with the human and natural ecology of their
own communities. Four college students and four high school stu-
dents, selected as part of the Smithsonian's Intern Program, im-
plemented and evaluated education activities of their own design.
At the end of the summer, the students conducted a workshop on
the outdoor education activities developed for the Program. Envi-
ronmental educators, science teachers, and other interested indi-
viduals participated in this one-day workshop.
Work/Learn Program
The Work/ Learn Program in Environmental Studies, initiated in
the fall of 1975, is a cooperative education program that provides
college students with the opportunity to live and work in a re-
search setting. Each participant receives a small stipend, plus liv-
ing accommodations, and may arrange to receive academic credit
for work completed at the Center.
Seventeen students were selected to participate in the program
during the first year. They worked with cbces professional staff
on projects in estuarine and terrestrial ecology, land-use manage-
ment, and environmental education.
Information Transfer
A major objective of the information transfer program is to dis-
seminate the Center's scientific research findings to public groups
that can use this information in making land-use and water-
quality decisions. During 1976-1977, the cbces staff conducted
several projects specifically aimed at disseminating the Center's
watershed and estuarine research findings.
Since 1974, scientists at the Center have been monitoring sur-
face runoff from the Rhode River watershed for nutrients, bac-
teria, and sediment. This research was expanded to include monitor-
ing of heavy metals in 1975 and herbicides in 1976. Major objec-
22 I Smithsonian Year 1977
tives of the study are to determine the magnitude and kind of non-
point source pollution resulting from rural land-use practices and
the impact of this pollution on the Rhode River estuary. The re-
sults of this research program have applicability to similar regions
of the country.
Using technical reports from this work, Marjorie Beane summa-
rized and interpreted three years of cbces research findings in a pub-
lication entitled Assessing Non-Point Source Pollution: A Detailed
Study of a Rural Watershed in the Coastal Plain of Maryland.
This report also included a description of state and national water-
quality planning programs and made recommendations for man-
agement practices to reduce non-point source pollution. It was
widely distributed to water-quality planners, resource managers,
public officials, and interested citizens throughout the eastern
United States. Government agencies, citizen organizations, and
other groups concerned with water quality have found the report
especially useful because it summarizes a large amount of scientific
data in a brief, concise, and understandable form.
The Center also provided support in the form of staff time and
expertise to citizen organizations throughout the Chesapeake Bay
region. Support activities for these groups included organizing
workshops and conferences, developing technical information on
environmental issues, and helping achieve citizen participation in
land and water-quality planning.
cbces staff helped plan and organize a major conference on the
Chesapeake Bay which was held in April 1977. The purpose of
this conference was to assess the present and future status of the
Bay over the next ten years.
During the summer of 1977, the Center's information specialist
Transfer: A Model Approach to the Chesapeake Region, describing
completed a project report entitled Environmental Information
the Center's efforts to develop a model program for disseminating
environmental information from a research institution to the
surrounding community.
Over the past five years, cbces staff conducted studies to deter-
mine major sources of environmental information for citizen or-
ganizations, legislators, and resource managers in the Chesapeake
Bay region; identified top priority issues among these groups; and
investigated the extent of communication between these public
Science I 23
groups and the scientific community. The staff have also investi-
gated existing information transfer programs and the involvement
of citizens in the environmental decision-making process. On the
basis of these studies, the Center developed different methods for
disseminating scientific information to resource managers, public
officials, and citizens. The Center's investigations, special projects,
and recommendations for a model information transfer program
are summarized in the project report. This five-year research pro-
gram was funded by the Edward John Noble Foundation.
Facilities
Work was begun at the end of the year on the addition of a new
laboratory wing to the existing Old Dominion Building. This facil-
ity will provide laboratory space and services for chemical and
microbiological experiments. Several other projects were under-
taken during the year to upgrade and renovate existing structures.
Fort Pierce Bureau
This past year the Smithsonian's Fort Pierce Bureau stressed its
program of research on life histories, reproduction, development,
estuarine lagoon near the Atlantic Ocean, within easy access of the
and larval biology of marine organisms of the Indian River Lagoon
and offshore continental shelf. The locality of Fort Pierce, on an
Gulf Stream with its long-distance larvae, and in a zoogeographic
transitional zone where both tropical and temperate organisms
are available for study, offers a variety of habitats and important
advantages for studies of life histories and reproduction.
In studies on reproduction, information is being accumulated on
reproductive cycles, breeding seasons and spawning of local ani-
mals, and such basic biological phenomena as the formation and
maturation of sex cells and fertilization of eggs. Studies of devel-
opment are furnishing information on comparative developmental
patterns of local species which are useful in interpretations of phy-
logenetic relationships, systematics, evolutionary history, and in
the furtherance of understanding of the local ecosystems and adap-
tability of species to environmental stresses. Work on larval biol-
24 / Smithsonian Year 1977
This scanning electron photomicrograph taken at the Fort Pierce Bureau shows the
first larval stage of Menippe Nodifrons, the Cuban Stone Crab (75X), revealing a
wealth of detail not easily visible under ordinary light microscopy.
ogy is concentrating on problems of larval systematics, differen-
tiation of embryonic and larval tissues and organs, structural trans-
formations, settlement, and factors regulating these processes. Re-
search during the past year emphasized work on sipunculan
worms, ascidians, bryozoans, marine gastrotrichs, and crustaceans.
Other activities included systematic and ecological research on
specific groups of marine invertebrates such as decapod crusta-
ceans and benthic foraminiferans. Representative specimens of
importance to the National Collections were sent to the National
Museum of Natural History. Programs for postdoctoral fellows and
visiting scientists in life histories studies were implemented. The
electron microscope facility, established over a year ago in collab-
oration with the Harbor Branch Foundation, Inc., for the Life
Histories Program, was expanded to include a scanning electron
microscope as well as the transmission microscope.
Continuing studies on life histories of marine worms of the
phylum Sipuncula concentrated on reproductive biology of local
species with the objectives of accumulating information on repro-
ductive cycles, breeding seasons, and spawning; and on morphol-
ogy, metamorphosis, and systematics of planktonic oceanic larvae.
In studies of oceanic larvae, scanning electron microscopy was
utilized in morphological characterizations of larvae and in an
examination of metamorphic transformations. For studies of in-
ternal anatomy, a technique was devised for viewing serial sections
of larvae by scanning electron microscopy. In combination with
transmission electron microscopy, the scanning microscope was
used in an investigation of adhesive, sensory, and cuticular struc-
tures of oceanic larvae. Observations on behavioral changes dur-
ing settlement and metamorphosis of oceanic larvae revealed that
an unidentified factor produced by adults will, when combined
with the appropriate substratum, induce metamorphosis of larvae.
This discovery was utilized to induce synchronous metamorphosis
in large numbers of larvae for rearing and identification purposes
and for studies of morphological changes during metamorphosis
and early juvenile development.
The Crustacean Biology Section continued previously estab-
lished investigations on the ecology, larval development, and sys-
tematics of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans from the fresh,
lagoonal estuarine and marine waters of the Indian River area.
26 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Numerically large and species-rich assemblages of decapod crus-
taceans form a major component of lagoonal sea-grass beds, and
continental shelf-edge oculinid coral reefs. Over 30 species and
44,000 crustacean specimens indicated that the lagoonal drift
algae, with its associated shrimps and crabs, comprises a com-
munity as important, if not more so, as the crustacean communi-
ties traditionally associated with just the sea-grass beds in the
Indian River.
Quantitative station samples collected by the submersible
]ohnson-Sea-Link from oculinid shelf-edge reefs suggested that
at least ten common decapod species live within the branches or
are associated with the coral bases and are predominant members
of this community.
In life histories studies, the complete larval development of four
species of crabs and two species of shrimp was obtained in the
laboratory.
Systematic investigations on the baseline inventory collections
of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans continued to yield both
major and minor range extensions for about twenty members of
the tropical decapod crustacean fauna. The Indian River Coastal
Zone Reference Museum now contains approximately 12,000 lots
and well over 20,000 identified specimens comprising about 1,200
species. Data for these continue to be routinely added to the Sel-
Gem computerized files for use by other investigative agencies.
Studies on foraminifera of the area take several approaches in-
cluding a general survey of the population in the Indian River and
an examination of their role in the ecology of the estuary. Prelim-
inary studies of offshore foraminifera are in progress.
National Air and Space Museum
In the year following the completion of the new National Air and
Space Museum (nasm), over 9.5 million people visited the treas-
ures of America's aviation and spaceflight heritage, making the
newest Smithsonian addition to the Mall the most popular mu-
seum in the country. By the end of September, the total visitor
count was approximately 13 million.
Science I 27
The fifteen months since the Museum opened have been pro-
ductive and exciting. The staff focus has shifted from readying
the new building to implementing research projects and public
service programs, studying public response to the inaugural exhi-
bitions, adding artifacts to the galleries, and modifying some dis-
plays. During this period, the Silver Hill facility in suburban
Maryland was developed and opened to the public.
A striking addition to the Museum grounds is the Delta Solar
sculpture on the west lawn. Created by Venezuelan sculptor
Alejandro Otero, Delta Solar reflects sparkling light off stainless
steel "sails" that turn in the breeze. The sails are mounted in an
open geometric grid within the 27- by 40-foot delta-shaped piece.
In a ceremony by the sculpture's reflecting pool, the President of
Venezuela, Carlos A. Perez, dedicated his country's Bicentennial
gift to the United States on June 29, 1977.
Inside the building, there have also been a number of new
installations: Pioneer 10 and Ranger spacecraft were suspended
in the Milestones of Flight and East End galleries, respectively;
two new aircraft, a Douglas M-2 and a Beechcraft D-18S, were
added to the Hall of Air Transportation; and the North American
F-86 displayed in the West End bay was replaced by a Grumman
F8F-2.
The nasm Art Department arranged a special exhibition of Rob-
ert Rauschenberg's "Stoned Moon" series of lithographs. The
twenty-one pieces which represent Rauschenberg's reaction to the
first lunar landing were displayed in the Space Hall during Novem-
ber and December, 1976.
Two new exhibits were placed in the Special Exhibits area on
the second floor. The Museum observed the fiftieth anniversary
of Charles Lindbergh's historic transatlantic flight with the instal-
lation of a commemorative exhibit which is located between the
Spirit of St. Louis and Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh's
Lockheed Sirius. Photographs, film footage of the flight, and the
aviator's welcomes in Paris and on his return to the United States
anchor the display. Included in this exhibit are the check Lindbergh
received for the flight, the barograph for the Spirit of St. Louis,
and memorabilia from the young hero's goodwill flights through
Latin America later in 1927.
Amelia Earhart's Lockheed Vega, in which she became the first
28 / Smithsonian Year 1977
!'••■". .»mni .„,„,„,.,
The National Air and Space Museum, which opened to the public on July 1, 1976,
was visited by 9.5 million people in its first year of operation. In the foreground is
Venezuela's Bicentennial gift to the United States, the sculpture Delta Solar by
Alejandro Otero, which was dedicated on June 29, 1977. Below: Director of the
National Air and Space Museum and former astronaut Michael Collins in front of
the Spirit of St. Louis, which hangs in the Museum's Milestones of Flight Gallery.
woman to complete a solo transatlantic flight, was also installed
in Special Exhibits in May. The exhibit includes the radio receiver
she used during the flight, one of her flight jackets, and memora-
bilia associated with her flight-related activities.
Research was completed and construction begun on a new
gallery, "Exploring the Planets," which will occupy the area for-
merly held by Air Traffic Control. Scheduled to open in the summer
of 1978, "Exploring the Planets" will acquaint visitors with the
growth of interest in the planets and moons of the solar system
from the time of their discovery to present-day planetary explo-
ration programs. The exhibit script, prepared by nasm's Center
for Earth and Planetary Studies staff, highlights current knowledge
of the planets, the tools of exploration, and individual space
missions. A unique feature of the exhibit plan is the emphasis on
comparative planetology, accompanied by a discussion of cratering,
volcanism, and other planetary processes.
Staff planning and research continues for modifications in the
General Aviation Gallery, completion of which is scheduled for
the spring of 1978. "Flight for Everyone" will be the dominant
theme and many of the units will be on how to fly.
To ensure improvement and excellence in the exhibits, the nasm
began an evaluation of its effectiveness as a publicly oriented
communications medium. During fiscal year 1977, the nasm devel-
oped two programs of exhibits evaluation. The first was based on
modern techniques of opinion research, while the second was
an ad hoc study based on qualitative and quantitative observations
of visitor behavior.
Evaluation of about one-third of the new galleries was con-
tracted to a private firm, which developed the interview structure,
conducted the interviews, and reduced and correlated all data. The
demographic parameters of the visitors to nasm were quantified
and tabulated. Results showed that the Museum is especially
popular with young people; more than one in four visitors are
between the ages of sixteen and twenty-five, while a majority of all
visitors are over sixteen. Over one-half of the visitors surveyed were
college graduates, while four out of ten were employed in profes-
sional and executive positions.
The Museum was found to be one of the biggest tourist attrac-
tions in the nation's capital, with a high number of repeat visitors
30 / Smithsonian Year 1977
— about one in three. The following quote from the preliminary
survey report conveys visitors' attitude: "Word about the nature
of the museum has clearly gotten around — for the mood and level
of expectation of the visitors was quite different from what we
have found at other institutions. The primary motive was enter-
tainment and pleasure — but with a feeling that they would end up
with a twofold benefit — a good time and educational gains as well."
Behind the scenes of the exhibition areas, the staff pursues his-
torical and scientific research projects. Curatorial research efforts at
the nasm are for exhibits, publications, aircraft restoration, and
response to public inquiries. Scientific research is conducted by the
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies.
In addition to the Hall of Air Transportation and General Avi-
ation revisions, three future aeronautics exhibits were planned and
most of the script completed. These include an exhibit called "Fly-
ing for Fun" which will replace the aircraft in the West Gallery,
and small exhibits on Grover Loening and James H. Doolittle in the
Special Exhibits Gallery. All are scheduled to open during the next
fiscal year.
The Department of Aeronautics staff is preparing books and
monographs on the following subjects: the effect of McCook Field
on American aviation; United States Women Fliers, 1910-1918;
United States Women Fliers, 1919-1928; the P-51C Mustang Excali-
bur; and the Aeronca C-2. In addition, more than 1,500 aviation-
oriented organizations have been asked to provide lists of their avia-
tion holdings in order to compile an aeronautical history source
guide. It is expected that this project will take two years to complete.
The Department of Science and Technology continued its pro-
gram of research on aerospace history, the impact of flight upon
society, and technology transfer.
Projects completed include studies of the airplane as a subject in
technical art, surveys of postwar high-speed research aircraft, and
the origins of the swept-wing and delta-wing planeforms.
A monthly works-in-progress seminar was established to encour-
age interdepartmental discussion on research currently underway
by the nasm staff and others. Topics included: Guggenheim Sup-
port of American Aviation 1926-1930, Engineers and the Airplane
1875-1905, Using Aerospace Technology on Earth, U.S. Women in
Aviation through wwi, Diplomatic History and the Berlin Airlift,
Science I 31
the Life of Robert H. Goddard, and History of Black Fighter Pilots
in wwn.
The Department of Astronautics staff is preparing books and
papers on the following: Prelude to the Space Age: Rocket Soci-
eties 1924-1940; International Astronautical Movement 1920-
1940; Earliest Flight; and Lilienthal and the Americans, which will
be the foreword to a book being published by the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. In addition, "To Ride the Fractious Horse,"
a book-length manuscript by curator Thomas D. Crouch about the
rise of the American aeronautical community between 1895 and
1905 is being reviewed for publication.
The Smithsonian Institution, through the nasm, was awarded a
grant from the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped, Depart-
ment of Health, Education and Welfare, to develop a set of guide-
lines to assist museum educators in establishing educational pro-
grams for handicapped students. These guidelines are being incor-
porated in a publication that also contains a survey of available
literature, information related to federal legislation, and the results
of surveys sent to special education teachers, museum educators,
and consumers. Publication of the book is expected in the next fiscal
year.
Staff research revolving around aircraft restoration is another
intriguing aspect of the curatorial program. Before restoration can
begin, a package containing detailed information required by the
restoration crew must be assembled. The principal steps in the
whole process are identified, and the detailed painting and markings
of the original aircraft are delineated, if known. A continuing prob-
lem is the location of replacement parts for aircraft long out of
production. A great deal of effort is being expended to meet the
Museum's goal of complete accuracy. During 1977, restoration
packages were prepared by the Aeronautics staff for the following
aircraft: Messerschmitt Me 262, Arado AR 196, Grumman F6F
Hellcat, Navy N3N Trainer, Cessna O-lA Bird Dog, Lockheed P-38
Lightning and XP-80 Shooting Star, North American P-51C Mus-
tang, Langley Aerodrome, and Curtiss P-40N. Substantial progress
has been made on two planes in particular: The Aeronca C-2 and
the P-51 Mustang.
The Aeronca was modified after it was built, requiring restora-
tion specialists to do a great deal of painstaking work to restore it
to its original condition. The configuration of the vertical fin had to
32 / Smithsonian Year 1977
be totally changed. The restoration of the P-51 Mustang Excalibur
was assisted by the pilot of the plane who remembered the plane
as being a brighter red than it appeared years later and a sample
analysis determined that the original paint was indeed a brighter
shade of red.
Staff at the Center for Earth and Planetary Studies continued a
rich scientific research program. A manuscript on "Astronaut Ob-
servations from the Apollo-Soyuz Mission/' by Farouk El-Baz, the
Center's Director, details the planning for and execution of the
Earth Observations and Photography Experiment. It also includes
an account of how the astronauts were trained to collect the data
in support of on-going research in the fields of geology, oceanog-
raphy, hydrology, meteorology, and environmental science. The
manuscript was submitted for publication to the Smithsonian Insti-
tution Press as the first volume in a new series: Smithsonian Studies
in Air and Space.
The Center continued to coordinate the analysis and synthesis of
the Apollo-Soyuz photographic results by several research groups.
The data-analysis program included photointerpretation and the
preparation of geologic and oceanic maps.
Lunar scientific research continued at the Center. Results of
photogeologic investigations of the crater Haldane in Mare Smythii
were published in the Proceedings of the Seventh Lunar Science
Conference. Additional research was performed using the resulting
stratigraphic base and correlations with orbital X-ray data of the
Smythii basin. Of particular importance were studies of the strati-
graphic relations and origin of the terra, mare, and darker materials.
Photogeologic studies of lunar calderas, sinuous rilles, and mare
domes were completed during the past year. A scheme for the geo-
logic evolution of a possible lunar caldera in Mare Smythii was pre-
sented. This scheme is of major importance to studies of many
morphologically similar lunar surface features.
Two studies of lunar volcanic domes were completed at the Cen-
ter during the fiscal year. Dome distribution was studied using six
morphological classes. In another study, completed at the Center in
cooperation with Brown University, the morphometric properties of
mare domes were measured for comparison with terrestrial domes.
Center personnel continued to cooperate with the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration in the lunar mapping program.
A geologic map of the east side of the Moon was published in co-
Science I 33
BJS- '^^*
"-» ■!
B 0 E
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m
i -if
Facing page, upper: Featured in the National Air and Space Museum's Milestones
of Flight Gallery are the Spirit of St. Louis, the Pioneer 10 spacecraft, the Wright
Brothers' Flyer, the North American X-15, and John Glenn's Friendship 7. Lower,
Satellites of all shapes and sizes, including Tiros, Transit, Solrad, Lofti, and repre-
sentatives of the Explorer, Pioneer, and Vanguard, hang overhead in the Satellite
Gallery. Below, Visitors may walk into Skylab and see where astronauts worked
and lived for as long as three months.
Above, The Silver Hill Museum is an active preservation and restoration facility,
and the items seen here may change from month to month. The aircraft at the left is
a 1912 Curtiss Pusher. Below, Pat Williams concentrates while restoring the engine
of the Excalibur HI at the National Air and Space Museum's Silver Hill facility.
operation with the United States Geological Survey. In addition, a
paper on the evolution of the Moon from the stratigraphic point of
view has been submitted for publication. This paper includes a syn-
thesis of Apollo-gathered data on the nature of the lunar crust.
In cooperation with the International Astronomical Union and
the United States Board of Geographic Names, the computer file of
lunar nomenclature was completed. Lists of named features on the
Moon were prepared for incorporation in a book on planetary top-
onomy to be published by the nasa.
A project entitled "Desert Erosion and Sand Movement in Egypt"
was begun for joint research between Center personnel and the
Geology Department of Ain Shams University, Cairo. The Center's
Director joined Dr. David Challinor, Assistant Secretary for Sci-
ence, in discussing this and other Smithsonian projects in Egypt
with President Anwar el-Sadat during his visit to the United States
in April 1977.
The nasm Library remains a valuable resource for historical docu-
ments on both famous and little-known aerospace personalities, air
craft and engine photographs and drawings, space projects and
vehicles, early ballooning and rocketry, aerospace industry histories,
and other miscellaneous topics relating to aerospace. All of this in-
formation is housed in the research files of the Museum which the
Library began to microfilm during the reporting period. The cata-
loguing of over 1,500 pieces of aeronautical sheet music from the
Bella C. Landauer collection was completed.
In keeping with Director Michael Collins's stated goal of estab-
lishing the nasm as an international center for the study of the
history of flight, the Charles A. Lindbergh Chair of Aerospace
History was established and announced in 1977. Charles Harvard
Gibbs-Smith, aerospace historian and Keeper Emeritus of the Vic-
toria and Albert Museum in London, will be the first occupant of
the endowed chair, which has been offered for one year, beginning
January 1, 1978.
The Museum also developed an Artist-in-Residence program in
1977. In consultation with the National Endowment for the Arts,
the Curator of Art developed a list of potential candidates. After
review by the directors of the nasm, the National Collection of Fine
Arts, and the Hirshhorn Museum, California sculptor Frederick
Eversley was invited to be the first Artist-in-Residence at the nasm.
Science I 37
Progress was made during 1977 on the next two presentations
to be shown in the Albert Einstein Spacearium and the Air and
Space Theater. The Presentations and Education Division staff be-
gan production of a new Spacearium show, entitled Worlds of To-
morrow, which will replace Cosmic Awakening and is expected to
premiere in 1978.
A sponsor was obtained for nasm's second imax presentation
which will replace To Fly in the Theater. The Living Earth an over-
view of our small, fragile planet, will be sponsored by S.C. Johnson
and Son, Inc., with Francis Thompson, Inc., producing the film, and
the nasm retaining certain exhibition rights. The film is expected to
be completed by the end of December 1978.
In fiscal year 1977, the nasm sponsored a variety of free, public
programs highlighted by the Museum's Lindbergh Symposium, held
to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of Charles A. Lindbergh's
historic flight. Five noted Lindbergh scholars spoke on Lindbergh's
life and accomplishments to a large crowd gathered in the Mu-
seum's Theater.
Two series, Exploring Space with Astronomers and Monthly Sky
Lectures, were held under the starry dome of the Museum's Albert
Einstein Spacearium. Speakers included Dr. Frank D. Drake, Director
of the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center and Professor of
Astronomy at Cornell University; Dr. J. McKim Malville, Professor
of Astro-Geophysics at the University of Colorado; and Dr. Joseph
Veverka, a Mars expert who served as a member of the Mariner 9
television team. Two nights of poetry readings by Col. Alfred M.
Worden, former Apollo 15 astronaut and poet, were held in the
Spacearium. One noontime series, Air and Space Forums, and an
evening series, New Windows on the Universe, were conducted in
the Museum's Theater.
Like many of the other Smithsonian museums, the nasm marked
the inauguration of President Jimmy Carter with summer hours and
free concerts. The Museum also provided a day of fun to thousands
by sponsoring the first annual Smithsonian Frisbee Festival during
which a Frisbee of note was accessioned into the Museum's collection.
Several test flights of the Space Shuttle Orbiter were carried live
on television monitors at the nasm. Hundreds watched the broad-
casts at the Museum which was the only facility in Washington to
provide public viewing of the test flights.
38 / Smithsonian Year 1977
The Silver Hill facility is a revamped preservation, storage, and
restoration center located about eight miles from the Mall Museum.
Two hangar-like buildings display air and space craft, engines, pro-
pellers, models, and other items, enabling enthusiasts to view much
more of the collection than space permits at the nasm. Labels pro-
vide information about the items on display. Guided tours are free
and include a glimpse of the restoration shop where wood, fabric,
metal, and other specialists work on the aircraft.
The objects available for viewing at Silver Hill change as artifacts
are moved for restoration work, exhibition in the Mall Museum, or
loaned to other institutions. The fifty-five display aircraft at the new
Silver Hill facility have included the Hawker Hurricane IIC, a fa-
mous World War II British fighter; the Messerschmitt 163B, the
first operational rocket-powered aircraft; a Bell Model 30, the first
successful two-bladed helicopter; and several significant general
aviation aircraft. Also on display are some of the Chinese kites that
started the Smithsonian's aeronautics collection in 1876 when they
were donated after the Centennial exhibition.
About thirty astronautics artifacts are displayed including the
Able-Baker missile nose cone from the Jupiter vehicle which car-
ried two monkeys aloft in 1960; a model of Surveyor, the space-
craft that soft-landed on the moon in preparation for Apollo flights;
and the entrance hatch from John Glenn's Friendship 7 Mercury
spacecraft.
National Museum of Man, Center for the Study of Man
In October 1976 the administration of the Center for the Study of
Man was turned over to Dr. Porter M. Kier, who is also the Director
of the National Museum of Natural History and the National Mu-
seum of Man. Under this new direction, concerted efforts were
made during 1977 to accelerate the preparation and production of
the Handbook of North American Indians. The Handbook is a com-
prehensive encyclopedia that, when completed, will comprise
twenty volumes and well over one thousand scholarly articles. It
is written from the perspectives of anthropology, history, and
linguistics.
Science I 39
Most volumes will be studies of tribal culture and history by
area, such as the Northeast, the Southwest, and the Plains. Sev-
eral other are thematically organized, such as language, technol-
ogy, and the visual arts, and the history of Indian-White relations.
The editing on two volumes, Northeast and California, was com-
pleted in 1977, and both were sent into mechanical production.
Plans are to complete the first of two Southwest volumes and the
Subarctic volume in 1978. The organization of the efforts of hun-
dreds of scholars who are contributors to the Handbook, and the
work of editing, researching, and preparing the Handbook, is the
responsibility of General Editor William C. Sturtevant, Curator of
North American Ethnology in the National Museum of Natural His-
tory, and a staff of thirteen.
Coordination of production of the Handbook is a major admin-
istrative undertaking in that the work of over 1,000 author-con-
tributors must be solicited, kept track of, and paid for. In many
subject areas there is only one person or at most a few people in
the world who can prepare the articles needed, and it is frequently
ncessary to adjust to their tight and changing schedules.
The extremely high quality which will be the hallmark of the
Handbook when it is completed derives principally from the schol-
arship of the authors who are contributing the Handbook's arti-
cles. In large measure, however, the quality will also be traceable
to the care which is lavished upon the editing and preparation of
support materials such as illustrations and indexing. Great pains
are being taken by the Handbook staff to assure that the very best
and most appropriate illustrations are found or created to supple-
ment an author's text, that Indian words and place names are
checked thoroughly, that an exhaustive index is prepared to the
concepts and terms in the volumes, and that an extensive cross-
indexed bibliography is prepared for each article as well as for
each volume. All of the effort, on the part of authors and staff, is
meant to insure that the Handbook will be an accurate, reliable
reference work for many years to come.
Research on American Indian problems, and liaison with the
Indian community, has continued during 1977 under the direction
of Dr. Sam Stanley. Dr. Stanley administers the Urgent Anthro-
pology Program, which, by means of small grants, supports the
timely study of projects dealing with the American Indians.
40 / Smithsonian Year 1977
NATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL FILM CENTER
The National Anthropological Film Center (nafc) came to the
Smithsonian Institution in 1976 under the direction of Dr. E. Rich-
ard Sorenson "as a means to forge beyond the too narrow view of
the human condition as biological organization or collections of
artifacts." It is now using the scholarly potential of film to explore
and reveal the range of human qualities and behavior of our di-
verse and changing world. Bridging science and humanities, it
draws from the materials and methods of both.
Many distinguished scholars and citizens have supported the
Center and its work. One of these was Dr. Margaret Mead who
said on behalf of the Center's efforts :
Future scholars might well consider the loss of knowledge
of the vanishing, as yet unexamined independent experiments
in living one of the tragic losses of our time. Some of these
ways of life reflect conditions important in our behavioral
and cultural evolution; some reveal special expressions of hu-
man organization potential; many tell us about the nature of
the human condition elsewhere in our growing 'one world'.
New research opportunities in third-world nations for scholarship
have been identified by Dr. Sorenson in the past year.
Micronesia. Last summer Dr. Sorenson visited Micronesia. Tra-
ditional culture which had been so widespread and active during
his last fieldwork in 1965 had virtually faded away. Only three,
out-of-the-way islands still supported a way of life which could
be said to be traditional. One of the team members was from
these islands and had been in training for a year at the Center.
As the son of a late paramount Chief of Ulithi, he was able to
provide rapid entree and acceptance for the work. As filmer he
documented in a way which Western eyes would not permit. As a
team member he greatly facilitated the completion of this first
phase of the study.
Brazil. From Micronesia Dr. Sorenson went to one of the last
great refuges of isolated, independently evolved ways of life in the
world — Brazil. A great worry had been that in recent years most of
the isolated Indian regions have been increasingly barred to for-
eigners. At the same time, the Trans-Amazonia Highway, and its
Science I 41
feeder roads, have opened vast regions of this once isolated area
to rapid change.
A summer earlier, he had been invited by Dr. William Crocker to
begin a film study of the Canela Indian tribe which the latter has
been studying for eighteen years. Permission was received to film
these not-so-isolated Indians. The President of the National Indian
Foundation of Brazil became interested in the Center's techniques
and efforts. Dr. Sorenson was invited to begin similar film studies
in Brazil in the most isolated and sensitive Indian regions.
Among the Canela, it was discovered, there is a culturally pat-
terned childhood which permitted a society to develop in which
unusually free expressions of human individuality strengthened
group solidarity. Indeed, the social solidarity of the Canela people
is one of the remarkable features of their kind of life, a fact al-
ready remarked on by Dr. Crocker. A quite different condition
prevails in Western societies, where individuality and solidarity
are different kinds of things which oppose one another. Thus, the
implications of the study not only touch on previously unknown
possibilities in psychosocial patterning, but also on the very nature
of inquiry itself.
Cook Islands. Premier Albert Henry of the Cook Islands also
has taken a personal interest in nafc efforts, feeling that they were
useful in helping him define a cultural identity for the Cook
Islands people. He has invited nafc to start studies on any of the
dispersed islands and atolls in a nation which contains elements of
all three of the major Polynesian groups.
Papua New Guinea. The nafc received an unprecedented invi-
tation to work directly with the new Institute of Papua New
Guinea Studies throughout the country in locations the Center
may select. This is unusual in that the Institute ordinarily limits
itself to determining research policy for the nation and advising
the University on who it may allow into the country for research
and what kinds of research will be permitted. That the Institute
wants to work directly with nafc is very promising.
Nepal. Dr. Sorenson's visit to Nepal this year brought an unus-
ual and unprecedented invitation to work directly with the Royal
Nepal Academy to study and film traditional ways of life and
culture across the entire country.
It is a unique region to which the nafc may now go with its
42 / Smithsonian Year 1977
cameras and scholars. Two of the earth's major different kinds of
people touch and mix in Nepal: the Indo-Europeans of the south
and the Central Asiatics of Tibet and Mongolia. The contact be-
tween East and West here was ancient and persistent. As a result,
many unique, fascinating approaches to life have been spawned.
Several of these still remain in the isolated regions of Nepal.
Pakistan. The Minister of Education has opened up the Hunza
region, a part of Pakistan which was closed to all foreigners and
where even our own embassy had not been able to get an observer.
In this isolated and extraordinary region, deep in the central Kara-
koram Mountains, there was an independently evolved, isolated,
civilized development among people who are not related linguis-
tically or behaviorally to the others in this part of the world. Social
harmony was high, health unusually good; many individuals lived
to over one hundred years of age. The nafc had full cooperation
and assistance from all levels and was able not just to survey the
Hunza Valley, but north even to the Sinkiang border, through
other tribes and peoples. Now being built through Hunza, and on
to China, is the new Karakoram Highway — a major effort to link
China and Pakistan with an all-weather modern highway. This will
be opened to some traffic in about a year. Then, the isolation and
independent life-style of the people there will be quickly altered.
All these opportunities are remarkable. They are in those very
countries which contain the greatest reserves of independently
evolved and tribal cultures in the world. Some of these ways of life
reflect conditions important in our behavioral and cultural evolu-
tion; some reveal special expressions of human organizational
capability; many tell us about the nature of human forces else-
where in our growing "one world."
RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC STUDIES
The Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies (rues),
during fiscal year 1977, more successfully than ever continued to
carry out a program fostering the ongoing study of the impact of
contemporary immigration upon and its discernible implications
for the future of the United States and the internal community.
During the past year, the rues staff brought to fruition its con-
tribution to the commemoration of the Bicentennial of the Ameri-
can Revolution. In November 1976 the Institute convened a three-
Science / 43
day national conference which explored the topic of "The New
Immigration: Implications for the United States and the Interna-
tional Community." Participating were two hundred registered
guests representing academia, governmental and diplomatic circles,
foundations, and special interest groups, including participants
from France, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, England,
Germany, Puerto Rico, and Colombia.
In addition to its value as a contribution to the nation's Bicen-
tennial celebrations, the conference was important because it
marked a turning point for the Research Institute in its efforts to
bring together what had been (for want of an identifiable "clear-
ing center") disparate streams of research and discrete, compart-
mentalized foci of study.
Before the conclusion of the national conference rues had al-
ready begun negotiations for publication of the conference pro-
ceedings, continued research on topics revealed at the conference
as well as lacunae uncovered therein, and continued development
of public and professional information channels.
Rues has sought to strengthen cooperative relationships with
other units of the Smithsonian in order to utilize the varied media,
programmatic and educational networks, and skills available with-
in the Institution. Links were developed between rues and the
Division of Performing Arts and the Smithsonian Associates for
co-sponsorship of a performance by an immigrant artist-musician,
a documentary film presentation by a Cantonese-American ethno-
cinematographer and a workshop-seminar co-sponsored by the
Office of Symposia and Seminars on "Re-evaluating the Asian-
American Image: Themes in Sociological Literature."
A number of small research projects were completed this year.
The projects attempted to locate sources of data for various pop-
ulations, including rural and urban migrant workers in California,
Vietnamese refugees at Camp Pendleton, California, and Puerto
Ricans and Virgin Islanders in New York City. Two bibliographies
were completed through rues funding. One dealt with immigra-
tion to the United States since 1965, and the other with Caribbean
immigration, rues funded research resulting in a taxonomy of im-
migration theory. Research continued into the characteristics of
new immigrants to the United States and the implications of this
continuing immigration.
44 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Research also continued into sources of data on United States
immigration and immigrants, and the quality of those data. The
project was expanded to include sources of international migration
data and a consideration of methodologies used to study immi-
gration. Research on a bibliography dealing with the immigration
of women was initiated. This research will focus on the character-
istics and impacts of the process upon the participants. Planning was
completed for a study of non-European immigrant families, to be
carried out in 1978. Preliminary probing was begun on research on
the Panama Canal Zone and the study of immigration patterns and
policies in Egypt.
National Museum of Natural History
The National Museum of Natural History opened its new Natu-
ralist Center in December 1976 and put out a welcome mat for
a large group of amateur naturalists. The Museum's exhibits have
shifted to a style of conceptual presentation that requires fewer
specimens and brief labels. Increasingly, visitors find that looking
at specimens in glass display cases is not adequate; they want to
touch, examine, and test. To satisfy their curiosity, they need study
collections placed at their disposal. The Museum reserves its pri-
mary study collections for the use of scientists and scholars, but at
the Naturalist Center an alternative has been assembled, a collec-
tion of specimens that is not composed of irreplaceable one-of-a-
kind objects. Amateurs may handle this systematic collection, see
how it is managed, and be able to compare these items with their
own. The response has been enthusiastic. Thousands have visited
the Center's spacious work area located on the second level of the
Museum's new West Court Building. Many have brought with
them materials or photographs of materials that they want to have
identified and learn about. Docents on duty assist visitors and ex-
plain the Center's reference facilities. What commences as mild
curiosity often grows into fascination and deeper interest. There
is an increasing number of regular users working on projects of
special interest.
Science I 45
Scientists recently became aware that lichen growth was disfig-
uring the monumental stone tablets left by the Mayans in Guate-
mala and Honduras. Infestations of these plants were penetrating
and eroding the stone, blurring and softening the sharp details of
the inscriptions carved by the Mayans.
The National Museum of Natural History lichenologist, Dr.
Mason E. Hale, was invited by authorities to study the problem
at Quirgua, Guatemala, and Copan, Honduras. Funding was pro-
vided by the Smithsonian and the National Geographic Society.
Dr. Hale found the monuments densely covered by lichens, the
growth of which posed a twofold threat. Rock crystals were being
broken up by moisture in the lichen cover, swelling when it rained
and shrinking when it was dry and, at the same time, rock minerals
were being disintegrated by lichen acid excretions. Asked to rec-
ommend a method for controlling this, Dr. Hale experimented with
mild bleach, borates, and phenolic solutions that Europeans have
used in recent years to combat lichen growth on tombstones and
buildings. He discovered that a single spraying of a sodium hypo-
chlorite commercial bleach on an afflicted area killed the more sensi-
tive lichen and after four months made it possible to brush the
rock surface clean with a soft brush. Tougher lichen crusts had to
be sprayed a second time. Under Dr. Hale's supervision a two-
year spraying program was initiated to clean the monuments at
Quirgua and Copan. He is now looking for another spray solution
that will leave an active residue and prevent the airborne lichen
from colonizing the monuments a second time.
In August 1976, Soufriere Volcano on the island of Guadeloupe
in the French West Indies appeared ready to erupt. Dense clouds
of ash were spewing from the volcano, and hundreds of earth-
quakes were recorded each day. French authorities ordered the
immediate evacuation of all 72,000 persons living on the flanks of
the volcano. A French scientific team was on the scene and, at the
invitation of the government of Guadeloupe, National Museum of
Natural History volcanologist, Dr. Richard S. Fiske, assisted in
monitoring the volcano's activity.
In the weeks that followed, Dr. Fiske and his French colleagues
installed tilt-monitoring stations on the flanks of the volcano. Rods
40 to 50 meters apart, forming a square, triangle, or line, were set
into the slopes and optically surveyed to detect slight changes in
46 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Above, Dr. Robert Gibbs (standing), National Museum of Natural History ichthy-
ologist, and biological team ready depth-sampling gear as part of their research to
determine what impact industrial chemical wastes are having on deep-ocean fishes
and other animal populations in the Atlantic. Below, Dr. Mason Hale, National
Museum of Natural History lichenologist, sprays Mayan monument that was being
damaged by lichen growth. Authorities at Quirgua, Guatemala, and Copan, Hon-
duras, invited Dr. Hale to help them solve the problem.
I
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City streets of the capital city of Guadeloupe in the French West Indies are
deserted following evacuation. The active Soufriere Volcano looms in the dis-
tance. At the invitation of the government of Guadeloupe, National Museum
of Natural History volcanologist, Dr. Richard S. Fiske, assisted a French sci-
entific team in monitoring the volcano's activity. Below: Scientists at a tilt
station are checking the Soufriere's volcanic activity.
ground tilt. If tilt occurs, it is a warning that the volcano is being
inflated by rising magma and is in danger of erupting violently.
After the crisis on Guadeloupe and the evacuation of mid-
August 1976, the volcano continued to be restless for the rest of
the year. Fifty to a hundred earthquakes were detected each day,
and steam and ash billowed almost continuously from the summit
of the volcano; however, scientists monitoring the tilt stations
were not able to detect any significant swelling of the volcano,
and the government began to allow the evacuated people to return
to their homes. In early 1977, the volcano's tempo of activity be-
gan to dwindle and by spring things had returned to normal.
French scientists are employing the tilt stations and other monitor-
ing methods to keep a close watch on Soufriere, as the island be-
gins to recover from the serious socioeconomic disruption caused
by the temporary relocation of one-quarter of its population.
Tilt stations have been established now with Dr. Fiske's assist-
ance on the flanks of three potentially dangerous Lesser Antillean
volcanoes: Montagne Pelee (Martinique), Soufriere (St. Vincent),
and Soufriere Hills (Montserrat).
A biological team headed by the National Museum of Natural
History ichthyologist, Dr. Robert Gibbs, is trying to find out what
impact industrial chemical wastes are having on deep-ocean fishes
and other animal populations in the Atlantic. Two research cruises
were made on National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration vessels to a dump site for industrial wastes abutting the
continental slope one-hundred miles off the coast of New Jersey.
Hundreds of marine organisms were taken at different depths with
an electronically operated discrete-depth sampler. Dr. Gibbs was
familiar with many of the fish captured from experience gained
earlier in project "Ocean Acre," a survey that has amassed data
about the life histories and vertical distribution of deep-sea fishes
in a column of ocean off the coast of Bermuda.
Much of this Ocean Acre work — the only multi-season survey
of the vertical distribution of Western Atlantic fish ever conducted
— was applicable in the dump-site study. Because the pollutants
disperse rapidly, dropping into the ocean depths and layering out,
Dr. Gibbs was particularly interested in those fishes that he knew
stay in the twilight zone depths during the day and then relocate
nearer the surface during the evening hours. Dr. Gibbs' thought
Science I 49
was that these fishes were prime candidates to carry the pollutants.
Fishes and other organisms sampled at the two cruises are now
under study. Scientists at the University of Rhode Island, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution, and the Amsterdam Zoological
Museum are also participating in these studies.
As the dumping continues, the data Dr. Gibbs' team has amassed
about the distribution, abundance, and habits of these organisms
will provide a baseline that will make it possible to detect change, if
any, in the fish and animal populations at the site.
On the July 1975 trip, water conditions at the site were compli-
cated because of the presence of a large, warm-water eddy, 100
miles in diameter and 600 meters deep. Easily seen and followed
through satellite photography, the eddies originate when they are
pinched off the Gulf Stream in the region of Nova Scotia and New
England. They move to the west and south parallel to the conti-
nental slope until they are sucked back into the Gulf Stream, some
of them reaching the vicinity of Cape Hatteras. Apparently the
dump site is regularly traversed by these eddies.
Smithsonian scientists recovered an abundance of typical Sar-
gasso-sea fishes in the core of the eddy, along with other fishes
characteristic of the Slope Water that lies shoreward of the Gulf
Stream. But the farther west from the core they sampled, in the
direction of the continental slope, the fewer fish there were. Assum-
ing that the ships and barges carrying wastes are traveling no
farther away from land than is necessary, most of the dumping is
probably taking place along the western boundary of the dump site.
The paucity of fish in this area suggests that the dumping could
be affecting fish population.
The National Museum of Natural History is the only major
science institution in the United States where full-time taxonomic
studies are being conducted on amphipods, tiny shrimplike marine
creatures crucial to monitoring programs that guard against marine
pollution off the coast of southern California. By understanding
the physiological tolerance of amphipods to oil and sewage, scien-
tists are able to determine the level at which pollution will disrupt
the entire marine ecosystem.
The Museum's Dr. J. Laurens Barnard has published 120 papers
on amphipod taxonomy since joining the staff in 1964. Because of
50 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Dr. J. Laurens Barnard in his laboratory. Dr. Barnard's taxonomic studies of
amphipods have been invaluable to monitoring programs that guard against
marine pollution off the coast of southern California. (Photo by Doc Dougherty)
Below: Amphipod (Uschakoviella echinophora). (Drawing by Clarence Shoemaker)
his research, the biological characteristics of California amphipods
are so well known that scientists in that state are able to make
them the basis of an important part of their pollution safeguard
technology. Seven counties and two urban areas in California now
monitor the water near sewage outfalls. If variations in the popu-
lations of amphipods are detected, an investigation follows.
Large die-offs of amphipod populations mean that chromates or
other heavy metal industrial pollutants have probably come out of
the sewer. Another sign of trouble is the presence of certain species
of amphipods known to feed on harmful sewage pollutants.
Amphipod populations also warn of water-quality deterioration
caused by offshore oil well and tanker spills, and Dr. Barnard cur-
rently is working on studies of amphipods living in two bays on
the coast of southern Australia where tanker ports are to be estab-
lished. They are the only two large bays on the southern Australian
coast, and if pollution occurs there it could mean the death of all
the marine and estuarine life in one major biological region of the
world. Three large descriptive volumes have been published on the
region's amphipods with four more to come, and the Australians
are using the information to plan monitoring programs that will
protect their waters from deterioration.
Museum geologist Dr. J. W. Pierce has been studying sediment
discharge into the Chesapeake Bay and into the waters off the
coasts of North and South America. One of his discoveries is that
much of the sediment suspended in water is included in aggregates,
composed of mineral grains and organic matter. Phytoplankton
often are associated with the aggregates, as are bacteria. The fine
mineral particles and organic matter have the ability to absorb some
trace metals and pesticides. Thus, the aggregates often are micro-
environments consisting of small mineral grains, organic matter,
bacteria, phytoplankton, pesticides, and metals that may bear little
relationship to the environment of the stream or estuary as a
whole. Fish, decapods, and other grazers and filter feeders ingest
these tiny aggregates (5 to 100 millimeters in diameter) for their
food value, and at the same time, are exposed to the metals and
pesticides. Larger mineral grains usually are not associated with
organic matter and phytoplankton, and Dr. Pierce sees no evidence
that these larger grains provide the same micro-environment as the
aggregates.
52 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Other sediment studies conducted by Dr. Pierce bear on the
problems that can arise when the mass of discharged sediment be-
comes so great that it causes excessive siltation of harbors, clogs
rivers, overwhelms benthic communities, and degrades the esthetic
value of recreational water areas. Dr. Pierce has shown that, for
the Patuxent River Basin in Maryland, as much as 82 percent of
the sediment transported by the streams came from construction
sites which occupied only 23 percent of the area of the Basin. Most
of this material is deposited in the upper Patuxent estuary, result-
ing in a filling rate of 3.7 centimeters per year.
Working with scientists from the Smithsonian's Chesapeake Bay
Center, Dr. Pierce is also attempting to determine the amount of
sediment discharged from different land uses in the Rhode River
watershed, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Several small water-
sheds, each with multiple land uses, are monitored to determine
how much sediment is derived from each watershed. Monitoring is
also done to determine how much is deposited in tidal marshes and
on mudflats and how much is exported to the estuary proper.
Southwestern Afghanistan's Sistan Desert, a 5,000-square-mile
area the Afghans know as Dash-i Jehanum, "Desert of Hell," is
a country that Lord Curzon once described as one of the most un-
attractive, inhospitable, and odious places on earth. It is this region
of solitude and sand that National Museum of Natural History
archeologist Dr. William Trousdale has been investigating.
Once this region welcomed man. During long periods from the
sixth century b.c. until the fifteenth century a.d., hundreds of thou-
sands of persons lived there, supported by such agricultural plenty
that geographers called this area the "granary of the east." Today,
vast sand dunes have buried much of what has survived of this
civilization, covering manor houses, villages, dozens of palaces,
temples, forts, vast walled compounds, and at least three cities a
square mile in extent. The most spectacular of the ruins that still
stand belongs to the Islamic period, particularly to the Ghaznavid
and Timurid empires which ruled the major portions of the Iranian
world during the eleventh and fifteenth centuries. Part of the
Trousdale team's work was to photo-document what still stands of
these Islamic ruins, which are crumbling so rapidly that within
fifty years more than half of what remains today will be gone. It is
probably the best place in the world, and perhaps the only place,
Science I 53
to study unaltered fifteenth-century sacred and secular Islamic
architecture.
Dr. Trousdale's excavations have revealed the key to Sistan's
past prosperity — a sophisticated system of dams and canals that
controlled the waters of Afghanistan's Helmand River. At Sar-O-
Tar, the Sistan's most remarkable urban complex, water to supply
the city and its neighboring farms traveled fifty miles through a
huge, high-banked canal. Dozens of smaller canals, some of them
longer than the great trunk itself, watered the surrounding region.
Dr. Trousdale's team mapped the city's canals, discovered how the
ancient gravity-fed irrigation system had worked and identified
crops that the canal water had nurtured.
Sistan's complex system of water distribution dates back to the
third or second millennium b.c. Neither the opening nor the closing
dates for this unknown civilization have been determined yet, but
it is known that in addition to being superb engineers, these people
manufactured elegant stone weapons and fine polychrome pottery.
The first known period of sanding and abandonment took place
in Sistan before the first century b.c. From the first century b.c. to
the third century a.d., another period of occupation was archeolog-
ically documented by Dr. Trousdale through coins, and storage jars
stamped with the insignia of the third-century Crown Prince Sha-
pur and others. Then from the third to the ninth century a.d., the
Sistan appears to have been deserted again.
The Sistan's last period of occupation began in the ninth century
a.d. Ancient historians record that Genghis Khan's hordes sacked
Sar-O-Tar in the thirteenth century a.d., ending two centuries of
prosperity. Evidence of this decline as well as a revival that came
a century later under the rule of Tamerlane was uncovered by Dr.
Trousdale. Another political decline followed a century later. The
canal system broke down, and sand blew out of ancient lake beds,
burying the region, driving out the population, and sealing off the
area. Today, only roving Baluchs and a few Afghan soldiers sta-
tioned at small military posts remain in Sistan.
Dr. Trousdale hypothesizes that the periodic sanding of the Sis-
tan may be a cyclical phenomenon. Twice, after periods of desola-
tion and emptiness lasting from 600 to 1,000 or more years, the
region cleared itself of sand and was reinhabited by man. It is not
beyond the realm of possibility that someday Sistan may flourish
54 / Smithsonian Year 1977
&df*
Sar-O-Tar, a remarkable urban complex in southwestern Afghanistan's Sistan
Desert; this region inhabited from the sixth century B.C. until the fifteenth century
a.d. is being investigated by a team of scientists headed by Dr. William Trousdale,
National Museum of Natural History archeologist. Below; Dr. Trousdale examines
an inscribed funerary tile recovered from a fifteenth-century mausoleum.
again and that the study he has made of the area's ancient and
contemporary hydrology and agriculture may assist in this rehabili-
tation.
Lakes and rivers that are sources of drinking water are being
monitored by ecologists who rely on variations in the density and
composition of certain aquatic insect populations to help warn them
of the onset of water degradation. Aquatic insects are also under
scrutiny by public health officials as potential transmitters of dis-
ease. Before studies and programs based on this knowledge can be
fully developed, basic taxonomic keys must be produced so that
ecologists and public health experts can have at their fingertips bio-
logical information with which to identify aquatic insects through-
out the world.
The National Museum of Natural History's Dr. Paul J. Spangler
and Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr., are working on aquatic insect keys
needed in South America, but have found it very difficult to acquire
sufficient study material to solve biosystematic and zoogeographic
problems. For this reason, the opportunity to train and work with
three Peace Corps entomologists in a five-year comprehensive sur-
vey of all of Ecuador's aquatic insect fauna was welcomed by the
two Smithsonian scientists as an important opportunity. When the
study is completed, it will mark the first time a South American
country has ever had all of its aquatic insects surveyed.
Collecting at localities throughout Ecuador, under the supervi-
sion of Dr. Flint and Dr. Spangler, Peace Corps entomologists
Andrea Langley and Jeff Cohen from 1975 through 1977 shipped
thousands of aquatic insects to the Museum of Natural History.
Peace Corps entomologist Joseph Anderson is expected to continue
the collecting through 1979. Specimens are sorted at the Museum
and one set is returned to the Tumbaco Experimental Station near
Quito, Ecuador. The Museum is distributing its specimens to inves-
tigators who will publish authoritative studies, banking the re-
mainder of the material in its reference collection where it can be
made available to future workers.
Dr. Spangler, an authority on water beetles, is incorporating sur-
vey material into several generic revisions he has underway of the
Western Hemisphere's aquatic beetles, and is investigating a genus
of little-known water scavenger beetles that were collected by
Langley and Cohen from the water-filled pods of Heliconia plants
56 / Smithsonian Year 1977
growing in the lowland forests of the Amazon Basin in eastern
Ecuador. He has made several trips to Ecuador to train the Peace
Corps workers and to collect. On one of these trips Dr. Yiau-Min
Huang of the Smithsonian's Medical Entomology Project accom-
panied him and during seven weeks of field work reared more than
2,000 mosquitoes from the larval through the pupal to the adult
stage, thus providing the Museum of Natural History with one of
the best collections of these aquatic insects available from South
America.
Dr. Flint, a specialist on caddisflies, is finding the Ecuador mat-
terial pertinent to studies he has in progress on the fauna of the
Central Amazon Basin and the northern coastal ranges of Vene-
zuela. In addition to the production of keys, one of the great bene-
fits of the Ecuador study is to further refine knowledge of the pat-
tern of distribution of various known types of South American
aquatic insects. Dr. Flint is finding that caddisflies he has studied
from Costa Rica and Venezuela and thought were restricted to
those regions are also distributed south along the Andes slope as
far as Ecuador.
National Zoological Park
The National Zoological Park enjoyed an event-filled year in 1977.
New exhibits proved popular with both visitors and animals. Edu-
cational innovations helped the visitors to better understand the
animals, their importance, and the National Zoo's responsibilities.
Attractive and functional graphic presentations also aided the vis-
itor. Research into visitors' expectations and subsequent impressions
enhanced exhibit construction. For the first time in the Zoo's long
history, all facets of a visitor's experience were in the Zoo's domain,
when the Friends of the National Zoo (fonz) took over operation of
all food and concession services. Scientific studies continued to de-
velop new understanding of the behavior, sociology, communication,
and nutritional needs of rare and endangered animals. Health ad-
vances were made and shared broadly with other zoos and institu-
tions.
Science I 57
THE ANIMAL COLLECTION AND NEW FACILITIES
Fiscal year 1977 saw the first full year's operation of a new big-cat
complex, the Dr. William M. Mann Lion-Tiger Exhibit. By the end
of summer 1976, it was filled with lions, tigers, leopards, clouded
leopards, and jaguars. The new complex permitted the important
addition to the collection of one male and three female Atlas lions
on loan from the National Zoo of Rabat, Morocco. These lions and
the few remaining in Rabat are among the last members — all in cap-
tivity— of the subspecies Panther a leo leo extinct in the wild since
the 1930s. The complex itself was selected as one of ten outstanding
examples of federally sponsored architecture in 1976.
The new Education-Administration Building was occupied in Feb-
ruary 1977, by staff of the National Zoo. In addition to offices of
the Director, Deputy Director, Education and Information, and
Management Services, it houses the executive offices of the Friends
of the National Zoo. The building has a low profile with grassy,
sloped sides — a visually pleasing and an energy-saving architectural
style.
The building houses the Zoo Library which supports research
and management activities. It also contains classrooms and a 300-
seat theater where weekend visitors enjoy informative wildlife and
zoo films in air-conditioned comfort.
A resources room is now being readied for use in 1978. This
room will serve as a self-teaching library for family groups and
others who wish to know more about particular animals they have
grown fond of or curious about during their Zoo visits. Art ex-
hibits and changing graphic presentations will welcome each vis-
itor to the Education-Administration Building. Information can be
obtained by visitors and their questions answered by knowledge-
able Zoo docents, who will also be sure visitors are made aware of
unique events taking place in the Zoo on the days of their visits.
Also, the Bird House area was renovated. The crane area empha-
sizes barrier-free design and breeding potential; already the sarus
crane and Stanley's crane have produced young. Four outdoor ex-
hibits for hardy bird species were constructed. A new Flamingo
Exhibit allows year-round exhibition with a heated, glass-fronted
house with pool and sand floor for winter. The front of the Bird
House is approached through three waterfowl ponds, which include
natural nesting conditions. Off-exhibit yards are available for rais-
58 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Atlas lion cub born to one of several Atlas lions on loan to the National
Zoological Park from the National Zoo in Rabat, Morocco. The Atlas lion has
been extinct in the wild since the 1930s.
ing young birds. The interior of the Bird House was redone to
demonstrate relationships between species.
In the Small Mammal House, old, small metal cages in the noc-
turnal room were replaced with longer, interconnecting block
cages. This allows more space per animal and permits the combina-
tion of areas for larger or more active species. Elsewhere in the
building, natural materials, improved exhibits, and experimental
mixed-species exhibits are featured.
New bear exhibits, one for polar bears and another for grizzlies
and other species, housed animals by August 1977. These exhibits
provide natural-appearing rock work, large water moats, and free
space for the bears. The Polar Bear Exhibit invites the visitor to an
exciting underwater view of the animals. The entire polar bear area
simulates a large iceberg.
In all, two-thirds of the new animals added to the collection in
fiscal year 1977 were born at the National Zoo. The gravest loss
was the death of the American black bear, who had been the offi-
cial Smokey Bear for twenty-six years. Other losses were the fe-
male Asian elephant Shanthi, the male African forest elephant,
Dzimbo, and a male Chinese alligator which had been added to the
collection in 1937. Noteworthy additions to the collection included
markhors, the first at the National Zoo in over twenty years; the
Atlas lions; three Aldabra tortoises; Caribbean flamingoes and
kookaburras. For the Zoo's breeding efforts with the rare kiwi, the
American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums awarded
the National Zoo one of its top honors, the Edward Bean Award. In
addition, the Zoo received a conservation award from the Associ-
ation for the fiftieth successful breeding of the endangered pygmy
hippopotamus.
NEW STRIDES IN VISITOR EDUCATION
Other awards recognized the National Zoo's emphasis on realizing
the educational importance of the collection. Two films produced
to complement the new Lion-Tiger Exhibit were especially well
received. The Big Cats And How They Came To Be received the
Golden Eagle Prize of the Council on International Nontheatrical
Events. The Zoo was invited to show Big Cats during the Inter-
national Week for Education and Teaching films in Berlin; at the
Fourteenth Yorkton International Film Festival, Yorkton, Saskatche-
60 / Smithsonian Year 1977
wan, Canada; and Sixth International Film Festival in New Delhi
India. The other film, Tiger, won the first prize audiovisual award
at the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums
annual convention in October 1976. A film, Zoo, produced by the
Friends of the National Zoo (a service organization made up of dedi-
cated and energetic lovers of the National Zoo has won over a dozen
national and international awards. It is available to schools and
libraries throughout the nation.
Other activities and products to enhance a visit to the Zoo were
tours for school groups, including special guides for handicapped
persons, new bilingual (Spanish and English) labeling of all exhib-
its; and ZooBook, a guide, of such quality and importance that it
survives the owner's visit to become an often-used addition to home
libraries.
A new trail system has been developed to make it easier for
visitors to see the animals. Each trail is marked by totems with
attractive pictographs of major animals to be seen on it, as well as
by footprints of a "theme" animal for that trail.
RESEARCH, CONSERVATION AND ANIMAL HEALTH
As the nation's Zoo, the National Zoo in 1977 did more than ever
before to disseminate its learning in animal management, health,
and basic research to other zoos and concerned institutions. Over
forty publications issued from National Zoo staffers. A number of
students and future zoo careerists were hosted and trained at the
National Zoo. Cooperative breeding agreements saw over 160 ani-
mals belonging to the National Zoo on loan to other zoos, and 70
animals were on loan from others to the National Zoo. Zoo veter-
inarians conducted seminars for professionals of other zoos on
health issues.
Zoo scientists made presentations before such organizations
as the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums,
Animal Behavior Society, Ornithologists' Union, Wilson Ornitho-
logical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Sci-
ence, and a London symposium on breeding rare and endangered
species. On matters of such common interest as the breeding of
exotic animals and diseases affecting them, the National Zoo spon-
sored two symposia at which national authorities considered ways
to improve Zoo performance. The Front Royal Conservation and
Science I 61
Research Center of the National Zoo, in the short space of its three
years' existence, is on the road to becoming one of the nation's
focal points in the cooperative breeding of irreplaceable animals
and field research into their behavior.
In basic research, the National Zoo continued its diverse activi-
ties to improve awareness of the influences on rare and endangered
animals. Studies in Venezuela have determined the carrying capac-
ity of the habitat for howler monkeys, Alouatta seniculus; that
patterns of competition and coexistence among cebids and calli-
trichids are functions of habit and feeding strategies; and that fox
pairs forage together, but do not hunt cooperatively. Vocal reper-
toires of bird species in different habitats are being studied, as are
the thermal ecology of South American pond turtles and the pop-
ulation dynamics of the caiman. In other field studies, a Zoo re-
searcher developed a framework for understanding how the physi-
cal structure of sound relates to motivation and to information
communicated by vocalizations of mammals and birds.
Also studied were the maternal care and juvenile behavior of
harbor seals, which led to techniques for the care and manage-
ment of harbor seals. Eastern blue birds were studied to determine
clutch size and reproductive success. Studies in Panama seek to
understand the sources of natural selection acting upon vocal com-
munication in congeneric wrens. A Zoo research associate in Java
undertook a study to see if the number of Javan tigers at the Meru
Betiri Reserve warranted a management plan for their future pro-
tection. Many other studies yielded basic scientific data and critical
information about the complex web of interactions between exotic
animals and their natural habitats. Many health studies were de-
veloped to improve the clinical care of exotic animals.
FRIENDS OF THE NATIONAL ZOO
During the past year, expanded Zoo support programs character-
ized efforts of the Friends of the National Zoo (fonz), a not-for-
profit organization established to augment the Zoo's programs. A
new, diversified educational campaign utilized 50 volunteer guides
and many printed and visual materials to impart a wider under-
standing of zoology to more than 30,000 touring school children.
Bimonthly publications, year-round classes, lectures, films, trips,
and other special events continued to be offered to the 12,000 fonz
62 / Smithsonian Year 1977
members. The FONZ-managed restaurant, gift shop, trackless train,
and parking lot offered improved services to the public.
Additionally, approximately 300 fonz volunteers assisted Na-
tional Zoological Park scientists in animal behavior studies, and 50
Junior members staged animal-themed puppet shows daily through
the summer.
The great majority of net revenue generated by fonz activities
this past year has been used in furtherance of Zoo education pro-
grams. In particular, a $52,000 grant program supported a National
Zoo summer intern program along with various symposia and
conferences conducted at the Zoo and the Front Royal Conserva-
tion Center.
Further detail of fonz's financial operations for calendar year
1976 (its fiscal year) is shown below. In addition, a percentage of
the restaurant and parking concessions are available directly to the
Smithsonian for the benefit of the Zoo and are reported as income
in the Financial Report of the Smithsonian.
FRIENDS OF THE NATIONAL ZOO
Financial Report for the Period
January 1-December 31, 1976
[In $1,0005]
Net increase/
(decrease) to
Revenue Expense fund balance
FUND BALANCE @ 1/1/76 $431
SERVICES
Membership $ 81
Publications 47
Education 1 28
Zoo Services 2 1,040
Totals $1,196
FUND BALANCE @ 12/31/76
1 Excludes an estimated $55,000 in contributed volunteer services.
2 Includes gift shop, balloon shop, sightseeing trains, parking service, and food
service.
3 Includes $120,690 paid during this period to the Smithsonian under contrac-
tual arrangement.
4 Funds retained for program activities of the Zoo.
Science I 63
$ 90
62
97
828 3
$ (9)
(15)
(69)
212
$1,077
$119
$550
Office of International Programs
The Office of International Programs fosters and coordinates the
international aspects of Smithsonian programs and also provides
support to United States institutions of research and higher learn-
ing, including the Smithsonian, through Special Foreign Currency
Program grants. Its functions are carried out by sections designated
as the Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program and the Interna-
tional Liaison Section.
SMITHSONIAN FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM
The Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program (sfcp) awards grants
to support the research interests of American institutions, includ-
ing the Smithsonian, in those countries where the United States
holds blocked currencies derived largely from past sales of surplus
agricultural commodities under Public Law 480. The Program is
active in countries where the Treasury Department deems United
States holdings of these currencies to be in excess of normal federal
requirements, including in 1978 Burma, Egypt, Guinea, India, and
Pakistan. Research projects are continuing to conclusion under
Program support in the former excess-currency countries of Israel,
Morocco, Poland, Sri Lanka, Tunisia and Yugoslavia.
The Smithsonian has received a fiscal year 1978 appropriation
of $4 million in "excess" currencies, which will be used to support
projects in the anthropological sciences, systematic and environ-
mental biology, astrophysics and earth sciences, and museum pro-
fessional fields. The Smithsonian received a fiscal year 1977 appro-
priation of $3.5 million in "excess" currencies that is being used to
support over fifty projects in these disciplines. From its inception
in fiscal year 1966, through fiscal year J 977, the sfcp has awarded
about $30 million in foreign currency grants to some 191 institu-
tions in 32 states and the District of Columbia. Within the frame-
work of the Program, the Smithsonian will make a fourth and final
contribution of $1 million in Egyptian pounds in support of Egypt's
effort to save the submerged temples of Philae in Nubia.
INTERNATIONAL LIAISON SECTION
The International Liaison Section (ils) provides foreign affairs liai-
64 / Smithsonian Year 1977
son and assistance for Smithsonian activities abroad, and for for-
eign nationals participating in Smithsonian programs in the United
States. In addition to its liaison responsibilities with the Department
of State, United States missions abroad, and foreign governments,
ils is responsible for the administrations of foreign students and ex-
change-visitor programs at the Smithsonian, foreign travel docu-
mentation for official Smithsonian travelers, and programming for
foreign official visitors to the Smithsonian. Foreign visitors to the
Smithsonian during the year have included those from the People's
Republic of China Institute for Foreign Affairs and His Holiness,
the Karmapa Lama from Sikkim.
Radiation Biology Laboratory
Plants and animals exist in a sea of energy. This energy is avail-
able in numerous forms, but the most significant for plants is sun-
light, from which they are capable of producing their own food
through photosynthetic reactions. This photosynthetic food is used
for the growth and development of the plants, and they in turn are
ingested as a concentrated form of energy by animals.
In addition, because the environment is exposed at regular, pe-
riodic intervals to sunlight as the earth rotates daily, both plants
and animals have evolved elaborate molecular mechanisms for
using light signals to control their growth and development. These
mechanisms do not depend upon trapping large amounts of energy
from sunlight, as is needed in photosynthesis. Rather, they depend
upon measuring such variables as the length of the day, or changes
in the color of the light during the day. From such signals, the rate
of flow of energy through the organism or through whole popula-
tions may be regulated. The ability to detect these light signals
confers upon these organisms a large survival advantage.
The Radiation Biology Laboratory has continued its research em-
phasis during the last year in several major areas. These are: (1)
regulatory processes of plants, such as membrane synthesis and
pigment synthesis; (2) environmental processes and energy flow in
biological systems, such as photosynthesis and phosphorus me-
tabolism; (3) the measurement of the amount, duration, and color
quality of sunlight present in the environment; and (4) the age
Science I 65
estimation of biological artifacts based upon their radioactive car-
bon content.
REGULATORY BIOLOGY
Algae grow at varying depths in the ocean. Depending upon the
depth and the presence of absorbing materials in the water, the
color of the light varies with depth. Algae have evolved special
protein structures on membranes within the cells which have ac-
cessory pigments that enable the algae to absorb the light more
efficiently for photosynthesis. These phycobiliproteins, the major
light-harvesting pigments in red and blue-green algae, were isolated
in their in vivo state as phycobilisomes from eight species. All
were energetically tightly coupled as reflected by the energy mi-
gration to the pigment allophycocyanin, low fluorescence polariza-
tion, and high quantum yield.
The energy transfer efficiency from phycoerythrin — > phycocy-
anin -» allophycocyanin was slightly smaller at -196°C than at
20°C, indicating that a resonance type of energy migration occurs
in the phycobilisomes as previously proposed. The fluorescence
quantum yield of phycobilisomes was 0.60 (Porphyridium omen-
tum) and 0.68 (Nostoc sp.) similar to that of allophycocyanin,
0.68. The fluorescence quantum yield remained essentially un-
changed when the ratios of the phycobiliproteins were varied by
growing cells under different spectral quality of light. In Nostoc
and Fremyella, where phycoerythrin was greatly decreased in red
light, the quantum yields only varied from 0.68 to 0.60. Allophyco-
cyanin is not rate-limiting in transferring the excitation energy to
chlorophyll, because its rate of de-excitation is much faster than
the rate of quantum absorption.
The synthesis of the proteins needed for the chloroplasts which
are the site of photosynthesis in both algae and higher plants is
controlled by an interaction between the cytoplasm of the cell and
other organelles. Ribosomes are the organelles at which protein is
synthesized.
The relationship between chloroplast, cytoplasm, and prokary-
ote ribosomes was investigated. Chloroplast ribosomes of the green
alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have a buoyant density distinctly
different from reported values for prokaryote ribosomes, but indis-
tinguishable from cytoplasm ribosomes of Chlamydomonas.
66 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Chloroplast ribosomes sediment more rapidly during centrifuga-
tion on sucrose density gradients than has previously been re-
ported, and thus behave differently than ribosomes of prokaryotes.
The slower rates of sedimentation which have been reported earlier
appear to be artifacts due to the dissociation of the ribosomes in
the gradients during centrifugation.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria in Chlamydomonas and bean
seedlings (Phaseolus) have been examined by electron microscopy
for the presence of cytoplasm ribosomes bound to the envelopes of
these organelles. Cells were first treated with cycloheximide to pre-
serve any attachment of the ribosomes to the membranes. Ribo-
somes of the cytoplasm were not closely associated with the orga-
nelle envelopes. Thus, it appears that the mechanism for transfer
of cytoplasm-synthesized organelle proteins into mitochondria and
chloroplasts does not operate in green plants by the secretory
process postulated for yeast cells.
The carotenoid pigments and their oxygenated derivatives, the
xanthophylls, are responsible for many of the yellow, orange, and
red colors observed in both plants and animals. Many of these
compounds act as accessory pigments in photosynthesis, ^-carotene
is an important carotenoid in the diet of animals, because it is a
precursor of vitamin A. In many organisms, the carotenoids have
been shown to protect against adverse effects of visible light.
In the fungus Neurospora crassa, blue light is required to initiate
the biosynthesis of at least eight different carotenoid pigments.
Inhibitor studies indicate that one or more enzyme activities in the
carotenoid pathway are absent or at low levels in dark-grown
Neurospora cultures and that these activities increase following the
light treatment.
Phytoene, a 40-carbon colorless compound, is a precursor of the
carotenoid pigments, and phytoene is synthesized from a 5-carbon
compound, isopentenyl-pyrophosphate (ipp). The enzyme system
which catalyzes the biosynthesis of phytoene from ipp is being
investigated. This activity, which is undoubtedly due to more than
one enzyme, has been partially purified by differential centrifuga-
tion and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Light induces a 9-fold
increase in this enzyme activity, and this increase is blocked if
cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, is added to Neuro-
spora cultures immediately after the light treatment. These results
Science I 67
support the hypothesis that the de novo production of one or more
of the enzymes required for the conversion of ipp to phytoene is
regulated by light.
This enzyme system has been studied in several Neurospora
albino mutants which produce little or no carotenoids. The enzyme
system is present in albino-1 mutants, and as with wild type, light
was shown to induce an increase in the level. The albino-1 strains
are not blocked in the synthesis of phytoene, but in the conversion
of this compound to the carotenoid pigments.
The same blue light photoreceptor which is involved in the in-
duction of carotenoid synthesis in fungi is also believed to be in-
volved in the phototropic responses of higher plants. If barley
seedlings are grown in the presence of the herbicide Sandoz, the
seedlings do not develop the yellow carotenoid pigments nor the
green chlorophylls. Such white-grown seedlings, if then exposed
from one side to a dim blue light, bend toward the blue light
source. The rate of bending is almost identical to the bending rate
for untreated dark-grown seedlings. The conclusion is drawn that
the phototropic pigment is unaffected by the herbicide treatment
and is probably a flavin molecule, since the carotenoid pigments
are greatly reduced by the herbicide.
The process of spore germination in the sensitive fern Onoclea
sensibilis is inhibited by the presence of small amounts of ethylene.
If ethylene-inhibited spores are exposed to light, the ethylene in-
hibition can be overcome. It has not been known if this effect of
light is through photosynthesis or through the regulatory plant
pigment phytochrome. One of the ways of testing this hypothesis
is to determine an action spectrum for the sensitivity of the process
to various spectral regions of light. Such an action spectrum has
been determined, and the light release of ethylene inhibition has
been shown to be a high irradiance response with an action spec-
trum maximum at 711 nanometers. The response differs from the
normal phytochrome-mediated high irradiance response in that
there is no activity by blue light. Such high irradiance responses
are believed to function through the phytochrome pigment system.
The phytochrome molecule also acts as the receptor molecule
for the control of reproductive development. When light signals
are received from the environment, either inhibition or promotion
of reproductive development occurs that is dependent upon both
68 / Smithsonian Year 1977
the species of plant and the time in the development cycle during
which the signal is received. Normally, the red portion of sunlight
predominates during the day, with marked increases in the far red
portion near sunrise and sunset. Plants apparently respond to the
length of time between these two far red signals. In order to do
this, the signal must be received at a time when the plant's internal
clock reaches maximum sensitivity. When the timing of the clock
and the signal are in synchrony, some as yet unknown biochemical
change takes place which leads to flowering.
Experiments with barley, a plant that requires long daylengths
to flower, have shown that a far red signal must be present eight-
een hours after the light comes on, and that if the signal comes
either before or after this point, flowering is reduced. A method
has been developed to measure directly the changes in the phyto-
chrome molecule in the light during the time when the signal is
present. This was previously impossible due to the presence of
chlorophyll. The technique removes the chlorophyll by adding the
herbicide Sandoz allowing direct determination. Also, it has been
found that a second process is involved, beyond that which occurs
at eighteen hours, which is required for continued development of
the flower. This second process is similarly dependent on a far red
signal and occurs several hours after the first signal. It is possible
that the sunset signal starts the first process and the sunrise signal
the second.
The phytochrome molecule which absorbs these light signals is
a photoreversible chromoprotein and is present in all photosyn-
thetic plants. Physiological processes such as seed germination,
flowering, dormancy, and pigmentation are also controlled by phy-
tochrome. Sunlight converts the protein from its inactive form to
its active form. The active form can then revert slowly to the in-
active form in darkness, be converted to the inactive form by light,
or be destroyed by normal protein turnover processes in the cell.
This year a comparison was made of the properties of the iso-
lated, purified molecule to those in the undisturbed plant cell. It
has been found that the relative state of aggregation of phyto-
chrome in solution is dependent on the nature of the buffer in
which it is dissolved. It has also been observed that the rate of
interconversion of the active and inactive forms, as well as the
spectral properties of the two forms, are affected by the solution
Science I 69
environment. The same conditions which promote the formation of
higher aggregates in solution appear to favor spectral properties
closer to those observed in intact plants.
Flowering in plants is regulated by the length of the night. When
the light is absorbed in the leaves it induces formation of a flow-
ering substance. From the leaves there is transmission of this
flowering substance to the apex, where this substance induces
flower formation. Salicylic acid has been identified as one of the
naturally occurring substances which will affect flowering. In short-
day plants of Lemna perpusilla 6746 salicyclic acid has been found
to extend the critical daylength by about two hours. Cobalt is the
only other known substance which will affect the critical daylength
in more than two plant species.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
Photosynthetic utilization of incident light energy provides the
earth with renewable fuels, namely, the carbohydrates comprising
the bulk of plants. As early as 1905, it was noted that light energy
delivered in flashes rather than continuously caused apparent
changes in the photosynthetic utilization of the incident light en-
ergy. The Radiation Biology Laboratory has been testing the effects
of flashing light on plant growth. Using an electronically controlled
fluorescent-lamp flashing system, plants have been grown under
different light and dark times.
Previous work using mechanically operated flash units had indi-
cated a minimal light utilization with light and dark periods of
about one minute duration. Current work has dramatically shown
this to be the case. The major focus of this work, however, has
been in the region of the very short flashes where light energy
utilization increases and may surpass the utilization found with
continuous lighting.
Salt marshes are believed to be among the most productive eco-
systems; that is, measurements of the amount of green biomass
that accumulates in some low latitude marshes during the growing
season is equal to or greater than that accumulated by agricultural
crops or tropical rain forests. In order to document this observa-
tion in a way that would lend itself to a study of the relationship
between productivity and solar radiation, the capacity for CO2 as-
similation has been measured on a daily basis in communities of
70 / Smithsonian Year 1977
salt marsh along the Chesapeake Bay. The specific question is:
how much C02 is assimilated by plant communities for each unit
of photosynthetically active radiation available to the community
for this process each day? Measurements have been made during
three field seasons. Efficiency for the daily assimilation of COz
declines throughout the growing season. On a daily basis, the plant
communities which have been studied have the capacity to convert
from 0.4 to 4.0 percent of the portion of solar radiation that can
be used by photosynthesis (the photosynthetically active radia-
tion, about 50 percent of total incident solar radiation) from ra-
diant into chemical energy.
The measurement of the amount of sunlight and the spectral
quality of daylight in 100-nanometer (nm) bands from 400 nm to
800 nm is still in progress along with the monitoring of the total
irradiance and total IR to 2800 nm. The three monitoring sites,
Barrow, Rockville, and Panama, are yielding much-needed data that
are being disseminated to the scientific community for biological re-
search, as well as to local and federal governments for baseline
data applied to solar energy utilization. The Barrow site is still
serving as a clean-air reference for spectral quality comparison.
Panama is particularly interesting. Because of its location (9°N
latitude), it exhibits all of the influences tropical climate has on
the spectral quality of daylight, and, therefore, is yielding valu-
able information on "local" disturbances. The variabilities from
place to place, and even within the same geographical location, are
so great that even an eight-year data base in the Washington-
Rockville area is not sufficient to determine trends or periodicities.
New normal incident pyrheliometers (nip) and trackers have been
installed at Rockville, and the data, along with a shadow-band de-
vice that permits measurement of skylight alone, will help to sort
out the various factors that influence the spectral quality of day-
light in an urbanized area. The largest areas of variability are in
the blue and red areas of the spectrum. These are the two areas
which are important in photosynthesis and plant morphology.
A year of uvb data has been collected starting November 1975
using the analog version of the scanning radiometer developed at the
Radiation Biology Laboratory. The prototype of a digital model, with
selectable integrating periods, has been completed and will replace
the units now in the field at Barrow, Rockville, and Panama.
Science I 71
The present data have been collected by sampling every three
minutes from before sunrise to after sunset. The integrated values
are computed for each hour and each day. The bands are 5 nm
wide at the halfpower points and centered at 285 nm, 290 nm, 295
nm, 300, nm, 305 nm, 310 nm, 320 nm, covering the erythemal
band. Comparisons about solar noon on clear days using the same
kind of instrument, one measuring global uvb and the other nor-
mal incident uvb, show that only about 40 percent of uvb is con-
tained in the direct beam and 60 percent in diffuse radiation.
Since only one year of data is available, the main trends are
annual and are clearly shown in the average daily values for each
month. The outstanding feature is the large variation in uvb energy
found at Barrow and Panama at sec z = 2.5. These variations in-
dicate changes of as much as 20:1. This type of phenomenon indi-
cates that ozone absorption may be the principal determinant of
the short wavelength transmission of the atmosphere, but the
amount of energy received at the earth's surface is strongly influ-
enced by meteorological conditions. If the ozone level were to
change by 100 percent from .24 cm to .48 cm, the global irradiance
at 305 nm would decrease from 7.37 /«.w cm2 nm1 to 2.76 fiw cm2
nm1, a factor of about 3 and not 20 as occurs. Measured values of
ozone in the Panama area show small variations occurring, but no
changes in ozone that would produce such drastic change in uv
irradiance. The data can be used to determine and follow changes
in ozone, but ozone values cannot be used to predict uvb values,
except on clear days.
Sunlight can also be utilized directly as a source of house heat-
ing and hot-water heating. Three solar collector panels with selec-
tive black surfaces were installed for testing on the laboratory
roof. One system uses a copper black, one a chrome black and, the
third an evacuated tubular collector.
Instrumentation using a bank of six Eppley precision pyranom-
eters, each with a different outer dome, provides measurement of
spectral irradiance in hundred-nanometer bands, as well as total
insolation. Such a pyranometer bank installed parallel with the sur-
face of the collector provides a measure of the incident solar radi-
ation. Correlation of these data with the Radiation Biology Labora-
tory's solar radiation measurements on a horizontal surface over
the past eight years has provided a basis for evaluation of the flat
72 / Smithsonian Year 1977
plate collectors. In addition, the other parameters have been meas-
ured directly.
Preliminary test data from these three flat plate collectors indi-
cate that the critical insolation values range from 180 Wmz to 620
Wm2. Critical insolation values differ between the test collectors
as much as 40 percent. The weighted efficiencies based on these
critical insolations show that a collector having low efficiency under
steady-state tests and a low critical insolation has a higher system
efficiency, based on a long-term evaluation.
The Carbon Dating Laboratory has begun a detailed investiga-
tion of the recent geological history of the upper Chesapeake Bay.
Dating of materials cored from the Rhode River estuary and the
coast of Kent County on the Eastern Shore is underway. Since the
Bay was practically nonexistent as recently as 9,000 years ago, this
study, and associated analyses of the sediment and pollen, docu-
ments the flooding of the upper Bay with rise in sea level, and
provides a history of the vegetation and climate regimes of the
area for archeologists and geologists, as well as scientists of the
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies.
The Mediterranean program continues with the dating of sam-
ples cored from the Hellenic Trench in order to confirm and refine
the details of drastic changes some 10,000 years ago in climate and
current already outlined for other areas of the Mediterranean.
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
At an international scientific meeting in early 1977, a Smithsonian
delegate presented data apparently linking periods of solar varia-
bility with terrestrial climate change. Although of intrinsic interest,
the findings had particular relevance for the Institution, because
they resulted from studies combining modern satellite data with
historical records of solar observation, including observations made
in the early part of this century by two former Smithsonian Secre-
taries, Samuel Pierpont Langley and Charles Greeley Abbot.
This continuity in scientific research at the Smithsonian Astro-
physical Observatory (sao) is no mere coincidence. Indeed, sao
was founded in 1890 by Langley as a center for what he called the
Science I 73
"new astronomy," an Observatory devoted to the study of the
physical characteristics of celestial bodies, rather than merely to
their motions. Langley was most concerned with the study of the
Sun, but his innovative approach to research laid the foundations
for the modern astrophysics now pursued by his successors.
As in almost every branch of science, astrophysics has experi-
enced an explosion of ideas during recent decades. New windows
on the universe have been opened by the discovery of radiation
in unexpected bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. The expanded
use of rocket, balloon, and satellite experiments has allowed ob-
servation of this radiation from above the Earth's obscuring atmos-
phere. Gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet light, radio emissions, and
infrared radiation are all now observed by Smithsonian scientists
almost as routinely as Langley and Abbot once observed optical
radiation from the Sun. More importantly, however, scientists in-
vestigating a particular problem may now gain a considerable ad-
vantage by drawing on this variety of observing resources — by
looking through a variety of "windows" at the same phenomena.
For example, in the study of the vast gas and dust clouds found
between the stars, radio astronomers may "listen" to radio-fre-
quency emissions from the molecular constituents of the galaxy;
infrared astronomers may in turn measure the intensity of the
thermal radiation from the same region; optical astronomers may
count the populations of various chemical species through spectro-
scopy; and, finally, theorists may bring together the various pieces
of evidence to describe the complicated process by which stars are
born.
Naturally, only those organizations with a broad research pro-
gram encompassing many subdisciplines of astronomy are capable
of pursuing such a multi-faceted approach. Recognizing the need
for such an organization, sao joined in 1973 with Harvard College
Observatory (hco) to form, under a single director, the Center for
Astrophysics for the pursuit of "excellence in astrophysical re-
search." By developing the potential of both organizations, the
Center has assembled the scientific and technical expertise to ex-
plore and exploit the full wavelength range of the electromagnetic
spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. Today, this joint ven-
ture is represented by more than 125 scientists and 350 supporting
staff members, both in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and at field
74 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Laser tracking system at Arequipa, Peru, part of the worldwide network
operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. (SAO photograph)
The High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa-
tory has published the Fourth UHURU Catalog containing an analysis of observa-
tions by the uhuru satellite. An artist's conception of the uhuru satellite is shown
above. (NASA illustration) Below: Fish-eye lens view of the Multiple Mirror Tele-
scope (MMT) facility during construction in late 1976 at the Mount Hopkins Ob-
servatory, Amado, Arizona. (University of Arizona photograph)
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stations around the world. Harvard members are supported by uni-
versity funds and by contracts and grants from agencies such as
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the United
States Air Force, and the National Science Foundation; Smithsonian
members are supported by federal appropriations and trust funds
from the Institution and by contracts and grants from government
agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion and the Office of Naval Research. Investigators are grouped
roughly by specialties in eight divisions, each headed by an asso-
ciate director.
The Center for Astrophysics may be considered the largest sin-
gle enterprise dedicated to astronomical research in the nation, if
not the world. While the "new astrophysics" may seem far re-
moved from Langley's "new astronomy," the goals of the Smith-
sonian Astrophysical Observatory remain essentially unchanged
from those established by him nearly a century ago: to understand
the basic physical processes determining the nature of the universe.
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
The research program in the Atomic and Molecular Physics Divi-
sion is designed to provide the basic parameters of atomic and
molecular physics required in the interpretation of observational
data. This work is carried out by both experimentalists and theo-
rists. The experimental work includes the measurement of photo-
ionization cross sections and oscillator strengths for species of
astrophysical interest. Theoretical work involves calculations of
atomic and molecular structures and of cross sections of the inter-
action with radiation, by use of a variety of techniques. A wide
range of collision processes is also studied.
The theoretical studies concentrated on the development of
model-potential methods for the accurate calculation of properties
of complex atoms and the construction of a relativistic generaliza-
tion of the random-phase approximation for studying the proper-
ties of highly stripped atomic species.
In the field of molecular structure and processes, progress was
made in large-scale ab initio calculations of potential energy curves,
methods for including electronic continuum functions in molecular
calculations, and the use of model-potential and random-phase-
approximation methods in molecular physics.
Science I 77
Theoretical studies of the thermosphere of the Earth were carried
out in which a comparison was made with in situ measurements
obtained by nasa's Atmospheric Explorer Satellite Series, in order
to obtain a quantitative understanding of the physical and chem-
ical processes. The absorption of solar euv radiation and photoelec-
trons in the atmosphere and the photochemical equilibrium in con-
centrations were calculated. By use of the satellite observations,
information on the 02 concentration, the total ionization rate due
to the solar ultraviolet flux, and the thermal budget of the iono-
sphere can be obtained.
In the laboratory, measurements continued to be made of atomic
and molecular transition probabilities and autoionization and photo-
ionization cross sections. For example, measurements were com-
pleted of the absolute cross section for the photoionization of
atomic oxygen. Emphasis is placed on species that contribute to
discrete and continuous sources of opacity and to abundance deter-
minations in the Sun. These measurements are made and used in
close collaboration with observational programs from the ground,
and from solar rocket and satellite missions. One such close col-
laboration has resulted in the first positive evidence for the pres-
ence of boron in the Sun. This was done by photoelectric measure-
ments of the solar spectrum near 2500 A. The derived abundance
of boron is in agreement with predictions of the light nuclide for-
mation by galactic cosmic-ray spallation in the interstellar medium.
CEOASTROMOMY
The efforts of the Geoastronomy Division are directed toward the
study of the Earth as a planet. Among ongoing activities are the
development of techniques for measuring the motions of the Earth
and its crust, satellite-borne instrumentation for studying the
Earth, and large-scale computer software for modeling geophysical
phenomena.
A major activity was the production of the fourth and final edi-
tion of the Smithsonian Standard Earth. First published in 1966,
the Standard Earth was revised and improved in 1969 and 1973.
The final version contains parameters of the Earth's gravity field
to degree and order 30, a significant advance from the previous
solutions and entailing over 50 percent more coefficients. In a re-
lated effort, the translocation method for determining station posi-
78 / Smithsonian Year 1977
tions on the Earth's surface was developed, thus making possible
determination of long-baseline distances from satellite observations
with an accuracy of a few centimeters.
A model of the thermal structure deep in the Earth's crust was
developed to describe the driving mechanisms for crustal plate
motions. For the first time, this model shows the long-suspected
relationship between material buoyancy and the driving force that
propels the subducted slab downward in regions where crustal
plates impinge.
Analysis of data from the gravitational Redshift Experiment con-
tinued in an effort to test the equivalence principle of Einstein's
Theory of General Relativity. Accurate geometrical position is used
in the method of trajectory solution; and trajectory-data-reduction
requirements have been modified to produce the required accuracy.
At present, the accuracy of the experiment is at the 200-parts-per-
million level.
During the last year, the sao laser tracking network and its over-
seas cooperating stations provided routine tracking data to support
ongoing programs in geodesy and geophysics. Precision orbital
tracking to support the ocean-surface altimeter experiment aboard
the Geos-3 satellite and the Earth dynamics measurements on the
Lageos satellite were top priority. The network also provided in-
tensive laser tracking coverage of several low-orbit satellites for
the improvement of gravity-field models and the study of Earth
and ocean tides.
HIGH ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS
The principal activities of the High Energy Astrophysics Division
are grouped in three main areas: planning and development of in-
strumentation for future space missions for orbiting observatories;
analysis of data obtained in current or previous missions; and
continuing research on energetic phenomena in the universe.
The analysis of observations by the uhuru satellite culminated
in the publication of the Fourth UHURU Catalog, which lists 339
sources of X-ray emission, or nearly twice the number previously
known. These sources include objects within the Milky Way as
well as many outside our galaxy. Several of the X-ray sources in
our galaxy are associated with neutron stars and black holes;
others are in double star systems in which one star can be observed
Science I 79
optically while the neutron star or black hole is optically invisible
and can only be seen in the X-ray band. Other galactic X-ray
sources are associated with supernova remnants, such as the Crab
Nebula, which are produced by the explosion and death of a star.
Other sources are found in globular star clusters — conglomerates
of several hundred thousand stars.
Outside the Milky Way, X rays are observed from galaxies
much like our own, including the giant spiral in Andromeda. Other
systems, such as the Seyfert galaxies, quasars, and clusters of gal-
axies, also emit much of their energy at X-ray wavelengths. The
observations of Seyfert galaxies from the uhuru satellite, combined
with those from the Ariel 5 satellite, have been used to show that
the Seyferts account for a significant fraction of the all-sky diffuse
X-ray background, the origin of which has remained a mystery.
The Catalog also lists fifty-three clusters of galaxies, the largest
single class of extragalactic X-ray sources, and correlations between
X-ray and optical properties of clusters have been found. These
clusters, themselves the building blocks of so-called "superclusters of
galaxies," may each contain as many as 1,000 galaxies, which, like
our own Milky Way, are composed of 100 billion stars. In the
early 1970s, observations from the uhuru satellite showed that the
X-ray emission from clusters came from an extended region about
a million light years across. More recent observations confirm these
results and show that, like the superclusters, the emission is pro-
duced by a hot gas in between the galaxies.
Observations of extragalactic X-ray sources with the SA5-3
X-ray observatory, produced the discovery of several X-ray objects
including the nucleus of a Seyfert galaxy and a cD galaxy in the
rich cluster of galaxies Abell 478.
Studies on the origin, detection, and identification of gamma-ray
bursts proceeded with the 10-m high-energy gamma-ray reflector
at the Mount Hopkins Observatory. A program of observations on
the 100-Mev gamma-ray sources was carried out using the atmos-
pheric Cerenkov technique. Data analysis on the Mount Hopkins
Observatory High Energy Sky Survey was completed, and a sec-
ond generation gamma-ray experiment was designed for the 10- to
100-GeV energy region. An experiment to detect hard bursts of
gamma rays from primordial black holes was completed, as was an
experiment to measure the primary spectrum of cosmic rays.
80 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Instrumentation was completed and calibrated for flight on the
heao-a satellite, the first in a series of X-ray observations planned
for space flight by nasa before the end of this decade. The experi-
ment (a collaborative sao-mit effort) consists of a scanning modu-
lation collimator of high sensitivity (1 ufu) and spatial resolution
(5 arc sec). The spacecraft was successfully launched on August
12, 1977. Initial data indicate the experiment is functioning prop-
erly and is producing highly precise positions for X-ray sources.
The hardware for the heao-b experiment, scheduled for flight in
1978, was completed and delivered to nasa. The experiment, a
high-resolution X-ray telescope, is expected to produce the first de-
tailed images of X-ray sources. Studies continued on other new
experiments including observatory class instruments, such as the
1.2-m X-ray telescope and the large-area modular array, as well as
individual experiments, such as ultra-soft X-ray telescopes, X-ray
spectrometers, and gamma-ray-burst detectors.
OPTICAL AND INFRARED ASTRONOMY
The research in the Optical and Infrared Division underwent sig-
nificant changes during this year. The Division began new pro-
grams of extragalactic observations centered on the study of the
distribution and dynamics of individual and groups of galaxies.
These programs are expected to expand in the future with the de-
velopment of new instruments and the Multiple Mirror Telscope
(mmt).
Research in infrared astronomy is also expected to expand fol-
lowing nasa's announcement that a Smithsonian-directed telescope
project had been approved as an experiment on Spacelab II, which
is scheduled for flight aboard the Space Shuttle in 1981. The small
helium-cooled telescope will be operated in cooperation with the
Marshall Space Flight Center and the University of Arizona.
The telescope will make the first complete map of extended
regions of low-level infrared emission from the entire Milky Way.
The experiment will also observe the zodiacal emission in the
solar system and make the first all-sky survey of the extended
infrared emission from intergalactic matter, distant galaxies, and
quasi-stellar objects.
During the spring of 1977, the ninth and tenth flights of the
102-cm balloon-borne far-infrared telescope took place under the
Science I 81
sponsorship of nasa. The April 26 flight was very successful,
yielding 7.7 hours of observation with the broad-band (40-250
micron) photometer of the planets Venus, Saturn, Uranus, and
Neptune; the supernovae remnants Crab Nebula and Cas A; the
asteroid Ceres; the H II regions W42 and RCW 126; and the mo-
lecular cloud Ml 7 SW. The data from this flight are currently
being reduced. The pointing stability of the telescope was the best
ever achieved during flight. The June 2 flight was aborted when
the balloon burst just as it approached float altitude. This flight
was equipped to use a four-color photometer built by the Univer-
sity of Palermo. The telescope was recovered in excellent condition.
Data reduction continued on the 1975 and 1976 balloon flights.
Six of the ten flights have produced useful astronomical data, re-
sulting in a total observing time of more than forty hours. Results
on the H II regions M20, M8, and W31 have led to a better under-
standing of dust and gas distribution in these regions, by the iden-
tification of previously unresolved complex sources and the deter-
mination of the total luminosity of the sources in these clouds. A
strong, compact far-infrared source has been identified near W31,
coincident with a compact H II region and with OH and H20
masers, giving new insight into the role of these objects in the
evolution of massive protostars. In the M8 region, a new far-
infrared source was discovered that was later associated with an
extensive molecular cloud.
Construction of the joint Smithsonian-University of Arizona
Multiple Mirror Telescope (mmt) has progressed to the point where
the dedication can be tentatively scheduled for the fall of 1978.
All scheduled sao tasks on the mmt were completed. During this
year, the optical systems were completed by the University. The
telescope mount was constructed and all major components in-
stalled. The steel frame of the telescope housing was erected on
the site at the summit of Mount Hopkins, Arizona, and its floors
and the outer metal siding also were installed.
The division has embarked on a vigorous program of instru-
ment development, including a ccd camera and an InSb infrared
detector array. These and other instruments, used on various tele-
scopes, will give center scientists a capability for astronomical
research as good as is available anywhere in the world. Another
aspect of the improved observational capability is the development
82 / Smithsonian Year 1977
of a new style — remote observing — in which research scientists
can arrange to obtain high-quality astronomical data without their
presence at the telescope. This technique has been successfully im-
plemented in the echelles spectroscopy program at Mount Hopkins.
PLANETARY SCIENCES
The work of the Planetary Science Division ranges across a wide
variety of solar system objects, excluding the Sun and emphasiz-
ing smaller bodies.
Theoretical studies on the origin and early history of the solar
system continued, concentrating on the determination of the prop-
erties of giant gaseous protoplanets and on the development of the
impact theory of lunar origin.
A program of redetermining the orbits of old single-apparition
comets in order to acquire uniform and definitive information about
the structure of the Oort cloud was essentially completed. The
determination of orbits and the checking of observations of comets
and minor planets were done in connection with various astro-
metric programs, notably the one at the Agassiz Station in which
over 400 observations of 20 comets and 150 minor planets were
obtained. Instrumentation is under construction for a new program
to determine asteroid diameters by lunar occultations.
The division continued its responsibility for operating the iau
Central Telegram Bureau, which issued some 120 iau Circulars
during the fiscal year. The Bureau Director also made predictions
of various planetary occultations, including a detailed analysis of
the structure of the recently discovered Uranian rings.
Division members directed the activities of the Imbrium Con-
sortium, a group of lunar scientists from several institutions, which
is collaborating on the study of a suite of particularly informative
breccia samples from the highlands of the Moon. Petrologic studies
of the lunar samples addressed by the Imbrium Consortium were
completed and a crustal model for the Moon was developed, based
on the properties and distribution of samples collected by the
Apollo missions.
Other petrologic studies of lunar samples focused mainly on two
problems : the source of exceptionally Ti-rich particles in the Apollo
12 soils, and the analysis of materials from seven levels in the
core recently returned from Mare Crisium by the ussr's Luna 24
Science I 83
space probe. The dominant rock type in the Crisium samples is a
variety of ferrobasalt, very poor in Ti02 and MgO, unlike any
previously recognized on the Moon.
Work on neutrinos conducted with special detectors placed in
deep mines has shown the 37Ar production rate at an 1100-foot
depth is 4 times higher than theoretically estimated. This experi-
mental result, if extrapolated to the 4850-foot depth, requires that
the previous solar neutrino value of 1.5 snu be reduced by a factor
of 2 — thus making the solar neutrino puzzle even more puzzling.
The present limit of the 37Ar production rate at 4850-foot depth
gives a lower limit of 2.2 X 1026 years for the lifetime of baryons
(protons and neutrons).
RADIO ASTRONOMY
The Radio Astronomy Division's objectives concentrate on micro-
wave atomic and molecular spectroscopy of the interstellar medium
and the Earth's atmosphere. Laboratory and theoretical research
supplements the interpretation of observations made with ground-
based radio telescopes.
Multiple molecular mapping of dense interstellar gas and dust
regions continued with a view toward understanding the informa-
tion and evolution of massive stars as well as physical conditions
within the nebulae.
By use of antennas with intercontinental separations, very long-
baseline interferometry (vlbi) investigations of interstellar masers
revealed a number of new H20 maser sources in directions
toward the galactic center.
A new 18-cm radiometric system was added to the vlbi equip-
ment at the Harvard Radio Astronomy Station in Fort Davis,
Texas. The instrumentation should increase the station's participa-
tion in network vlbi research on interstellar oh masers; initial ex-
periments have been successful. Continuous observations were
maintained at this site to monitor the radio behavior of the Sun.
Planning was completed to expand this research during the forth-
coming solar maximum period.
vlbi observations of variable extragalactic sources were also con-
tinued at the Harvard Station in cooperation with other radio ob-
servatories. Plans are now being made to extend this work, to ac-
quire new vlbi equipment, and to upgrade the 85-foot antenna at
the station.
84 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Interstellar maser studies, together with millimeter-wave molec-
ular observations of SiO in the direction of long-period variable
stars, provided a solution for determining the true radial velocity
of the long-period variable.
A new millimeter-wave atmospheric molecular spectrometer was
completed and made successful observations of ozone and carbon
monoxide. A mathematical model was developed to obtain the
molecular altitude distribution from the spectrometer observations.
Laboratory measurements of pressure broadening, including tem-
perature dependence for carbon monoxide and ozone, were begun.
Design, construction, and testing of a 384-channel filter bank was
completed to improve millimeter-wave observations of interstellar
molecules.
SOLAR AND STELLAR PHYSICS
The principle activities of the Solar and Stellar Physics Division
focus on the Sun as it relates to the solar-terrestrial environment,
to other stars, and to astrophysical processes.
Analysis of extreme ultraviolet and X-ray solar data from the
Skylab experiment continued. Efforts were concentrated in active
regions and flares, in connection with nasa's year-long Flare Work-
shop. Considerable progress was made in determining mass mo-
tions in flares and flare loops, and in determining the energy re-
leased in different levels of the atmosphere during flares. In addi-
tion, observational and theoretical studies have shown that the heat-
ing of magnetically confined structures in the corona (and perhaps
heating of the entire corona) may well be produced by in situ dissi-
pation of electric currents, rather than by shock waves as is com-
monly supposed.
Development of an extreme-ultraviolet spectrometer for the Solar
Maximum Mission, being readied by Harvard scientists for launch
in 1979, continued as did development of an ultraviolet corona-
graph for rocket observations of Lyman alpha emission from the
solar corona.
Theoretical and observational solar and solar-terrestrial research
was conducted as part of Smithsonian's new Langley-Abbott Pro-
gram of solar research. Work included measuring the relative rate
of rotation of photospheric magnetic fields and plasma with the
inference that strong field concentrations are magnetically tied to a
Science I 85
more rapidly rotating subsurface field structure. The present con-
stancy of the solar visual luminosity was established to the 0.3
percent level. The long-term sunspot rotation rate was examined in
relation to overall magnetic activity.
Observational studies of chromospheres and coronas of other
stars progressed mainly by use of data from the Copernicus satel-
lite. Concurrently, work continued on modeling solar and stellar
chromospheres and predicting the emergent spectrum for compari-
son with Copernicus, atm, and other space and ground observations.
Studies of the scientific parameters and detailed instrument de-
sign for a faint object spectrograph for the Space Telescope were
conducted to obtain spatially resolved spectra of galactic and extra-
galactic objects.
THEORETICAL ASTROPHYSICS
The Theoretical Astrophysics Division carries out research on a
diverse range of astrophysical phenomena, with theoretical studies
often applied to the support and interpretation of observational
data. Division members frequently work in collaboration with
members of other divisions as well as with scientists in other insti-
tutions. In addition, they contribute significantly to the educational
programs of the Observatory.
By an association of theoretical and observational studies sub-
stantial progress was made in the understanding of molecular
clouds and star formation. An interesting suggestion was made
that interstellar graphite particles originate in carbon-rich planetary
nebulae with the consequence that the abundance of 13C in the
interstellar gas should be 1/40 that of 12C.
Studies of stellar evolution advanced and significant research
was accomplished in basic aspects of gravitational theory, of fluid
mechanics and kinetic theory, and of quantum mechanics.
Detailed modeling of planetary atmospheres and interstellar
clouds provided new insight into their physics and chemistry and
led to quantitative measures of the ionizing radiation to which they
are subjected.
86 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
For the last twenty years the Smithsonian Tropical Research Insti-
tute (stri) had placed a high priority on the goal of building up
a resident staff of experts in various aspects of tropical biology.
A great variety of problems concerning the adaptations of life to
the tropics can best be approached by long-term, in situ, studies
which cannot be conveniently accomplished by scientists on sum-
mer leave from temperate zone universities.
During fiscal year 1977, scientific visitors using the marine and
terrestrial facilities at stri represented seventy-nine universities
from thirty-one countries and thirty states including the District of
Columbia and Puerto Rico. These scientists published over one
hundred papers in international journals. Many university scien-
tists are conducting their research on the isthmus with financial
support from the National Science Foundation and the National
Institutes of Health in the United States and the National Research
Council in Canada.
Professor George Bartholomew from the University of Califor-
nia at Los Angeles (ucla) has been making annual trips to Barro
Colorado Island in recent years to examine the energetics of hetero-
thermic insects. Professors Gorman and Rosenblatt from ucla and
the University of California in San Diego, respectively, are studying
the biochemical genetics of Panamanian fishes.
Professor Arnold Kluge from the University of Michigan is ex-
amining the reproductive strategies of tropical hylid frogs. Profes-
sors Jane Lubchenco and Bruce Menge from Oregon State Univer-
sity are looking at the role of predators in the diversity of inter-
tidal tropical organisms — an attempt to quantify events in a high-
energy, high-diversity zone of the ocean. Professor Roy Caldwell
of the University of California at Berkeley is examining the beha-
vior of stomatopods and comparing his Panamanian results to his
previous observations of this group in the Indo Pacific. Professor
Gordon Moodie, who is taking his sabbatical year here from the
University of Winnipeg, is studying comparative diversity patterns
of fresh-water fishes from the temperate and tropical regions. Drs.
Patricia Brown and Alan Grinnell from the University of California
at Los Angeles are examining the ontogenetic changes in behavior,
Science I 87
neurophysiology and neuroanatomy in developing young of the
moustache bat Pteronotus parnelli.
Since a considerable part of the research effort, particularly on
Barro Colorado Island, is conducted by visiting scientists and stu-
dents, the work being performed is often not a uniform or random
selection of the scientific disciplines available for study. Last year,
plant ecologists were the dominant scientific group. This year
mammalogists appear to dominate, although they spread their at-
tention over a variety of the 97 species of mammals that inhabit
Barro Colorado Island.
Katharine Milton, supported by a Smithsonian postdoctoral fel-
lowship, continues her observations of howler monkeys that were
the subject of her doctoral dissertation. She is interested in the
ecological and physiological correlates of the animals' diets, and
has been studying the energetics and metabolic rates of both free-
ranging and captive monkeys. In April, 25 helpers were marshalled
in an extensive effort to census the howler monkey populations of
the island. This census revealed a total of 65 howler monkey troops
which ranged in size from 9 to 32 individuals, with an average of
20, giving a total population of approximately 1,300 animals.
Howler monkeys were also the object of study of Christina Du-
bov, a stri short-term fellow, who studied intraspecific variation in
feeding patterns. Jeff Otis conducted further observations in con-
nection with a long-term study of Jeff Froelich of the University
of New Mexico, and Richard Thorington of the National Museum
of Natural History, on the micro-population genetics of howlers.
They are attempting to discover whether genetic differences exist
between individual howler monkey troops by measuring small dif-
ferences such as the structure of their dentation and hand prints.
Roy Fontaine from the University of Georgia is testing predic-
tions derived from morphological studies of the positions monkeys
assume when they are free in their natural habitat. He believes that
differences in the pelvic and shoulder girdles and long-bones reflect
ecological differences in the feeding sites of howler, spider, and
white-faced monkeys.
All this attention to howler monkeys serves a particularly im-
portant practical function in addition to the fundamental biological
data derived from them. Howler monkeys are particularly suscep-
tible to yellow fever, and the large population of this species acts
88 / Smithsonian Year 1977
as a sentinel to the periodic northward spread of this disease out of
the Darien forests.
Regarding the non-primates, James Russell of the University of
North Carolina, supported by a National Science Foundation Doc-
toral Dissertation Grant, is in the middle of a two and one-half
year study of the social dynamics of coatimundi groups. He has
marked fifty individual animals by freeze-branding and has at-
tached radio transmitters to members of three different bands. He
is thus able to relocate a band by their radio signals and to observe
the behavior of individuals. He is particularly interested in the
degree to which females in the groups interact with juveniles, and
has found that a considerable amount of care may be expended on
young animals to which they are not necessarily closely related.
Deedra McClearn, a Harvard graduate student, was able to use
these same habituated and radio-marked coatis in her observations
of locomotive patterns.
William Glanz, a Smithsonian postdoctoral fellow, is studying
patterns of habitat use among tropical mammals, particularly arbo-
real rodents. Using the recently completed (42-meter) tower in the
forest at the Lutz watershed, he has been able to observe eighteen
species of mammals; eleven of these, particularly difficult to observe,
were nocturnal species.
Gene Montgomery and Yael Lubin have been studying the ecol-
ogy and behavior of anteaters. They have recently been concentrat-
ing their work on the tiny, nocturnal, arboreal silky anteater
Cyclopes didactyla, about which almost nothing is known. This
animal is very seldom seen, but they have been fortunate in being
able to take advantage of the extraordinary observational abilities
of Bonifacio DeLeon, a technician with the Environmental Sciences
Program. He has found fifteen silky anteaters and these have been
fitted with small radio transmitters. The ability to relocate the ant-
eaters has produced a variety of new data. The silky anteaters feed
exclusively on small ants (up to 6,000 a day) which they extract
with a long sticky tongue after splitting open small twigs and vines
with their claws. Females have one offspring at a time which re-
mains with them for at least three months. Each night the mother
leaves her young and goes out to forage on her own. In the morn-
ing, she returns, picks up her baby and moves to a new sleeping
place. Silky anteaters are essentially solitary animals. The females
Science I 89
have non-overlapping home ranges, and the males have a home
range that may include several females. The home ranges are rela-
tively large for a small (about 200 gm) mammal, and this may be
due to the dispersed nature of the food supply.
Charles Handley and his colleagues from the National Museum
of Natural History have continued their study of the population
dynamics of bats, particularly of the fruit bat Artibeus jamaicensis.
With mist nets they have caught and marked nearly 3,000 bats
belonging to 39 of the 46 species known to exist on Barro Colorado.
A study of frugivorous mammals, the agouti and paca, was be-
gun by Nicholas Smythe in 1971. Almost 200 animals have been
caught, marked and released, providing much data on the breeding
patterns, mortality, and use of space by these animals.
Our knowledge of the population dynamics of tropical wild
mammals is extremely scant. Even fundamental facts such as the
average life span are not known for any free-living neotropical
mammals. Studies to determine such data are only possible at es-
tablished scientific reserves such as Barro Colorado Island, where
a researcher can be reasonably confident that he can initiate long-
term observations or experiments on natural populations without
fear of human interference with the habitat or the animals.
The Environmental Sciences Program continues in its task of
monitoring long-term change in tropical ecosystems on Barro Colo-
rado and at the Galeta Point Marine Laboratory. The analysis and
display of data obtained by this program, long subject to consid-
erable delay because of its sheer volume, is now being expedited
by a mini-computer. An example of the product of this system is
illustrated by the tree phenology data. Over 33,000 individual obser-
vations of tree phenology taken over a period of 80 weeks were read
and analyzed in a single day. The series of bar graphs on leafing
behavior well illustrates the dramatic seasonal difference in the
availability of young leaves, which is the preferred food of prac-
tically all leaf-eating animals. These seasonal differences are
thought to underlie many of the fluctuations in animal abundance
and behavior which are being investigated on Barro Colorado.
Barro Colorado remains a principal focus for much of the re-
search performed by the stri staff and visitors; however, a contin-
uous and increasing effort is being devoted to other areas in both
the New and Old World Tropics.
90 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Silky anteater — the smallest and least frequently seen of the neotropical anteaters
is being radio tracked on Barro Colorado Island by Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute scientists.
This 42 m tower in the Lutz Watershed on Barro Colorado Island permits obser-
vations of the forest canopy and a platform for solar radiation measurements.
Its operation is supervised by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Envi-
ronmental Sciences Program. Below: Salvage archeology excavations of a cemetery
(300 B.C. to A.D. 1) in Code, Panama, are under the auspices of Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute scientists. The individual in the foreground was an
axe-maker or woodworker and was buried with the earliest dated sample of corn
(Zea mays) from Central Panama.
Qfo&a&P;
•
Alan Smith has pursued his studies of plant ecology in the Vene-
zuela paramo and the alpine region on Mount Wilhelm in Papua,
New Guinea. This year, he began a three-year study of the alpine
zone of Mount Kenya as well as continuing a genetic analysis of
the variegated and plain phenotypes of Byttneria aculeata on Barro
Colorado. The study of Espeletia in Venezuela has produced the
unexpected observation that these plants become larger as eleva-
tion increases, the opposite of the normal trend in alpine regions.
Apparently, with increasing altitude, there is a reduction in both
interspecific and intraspecific competition, lowering adult mortality
and allowing older and consequently taller plants to survive.
Olga Linares returned to West Africa to complete her studies,
begun in 1961, of the ecology and social organization of the Diola
peoples of southern Senegal. She has concentrated on questions of
what aspects of the Diola agro-ecosystems help maintain the egali-
tarian fabric of their society; what is the relationship between
large irrigation work and the lack of Diola social stratification; and
how wet-rice cultivation adapts to different ecological conditions.
Her studies indicate that political decentralization, shallow lineages,
territoriality-based kin units, and wide-ranging filiation with uter-
ine kin lend flexibility to Diola wet-rice cultivation. That this flexi-
bility is ecologically advantageous is demonstrated by the fact that
the Diola were the only Senegalese group able to feed itself with-
out government assistance during the early 1970s drought.
Work on the behavior and evolution of wasps continues in the
Colombian Andes. M. J. West Eberhard is examining Microstigmus
a genus of tiny wasps about the size of mosquitos. More than fifty
species are known, many of which are endemic to small isolated
cloud forests on the sides of mountains. Their study is producing
information on the process of species formation in the tropics and
the nature of primitive social organization. This work is particu-
larly urgent, since the montane forest habitats are in danger of
disappearing due to human activities. She is also collaborating
with medical researchers on methods of desensitizing patients al-
lergic to wasp venoms.
Martin Moynihan began a long-term behavioral study of tropical
birds of the order Coraciiformes. This ecologically important group
includes the hornbills, rollers, kingfishers, hoopoes, and wood-
hoopoes in Senegal, the Ivory Coast, and Gabon. Many of the
Science I 93
species have remarkably unequal sex ratios and other peculiar intra
and interspecific social organizations.
Studies on coral reefs in the eastern Pacific have revealed a
variety of interactions between the corals and their associated in-
vertebrate fauna. Some of these organisms confer a degree of pro-
tection to their coral hosts by warding off predators, whereas
others are clearly destructive to coral growth and interfere with
long-term reef accretion.
In the first category is the symbiotic relationship between crabs
of the genus Trapezia and the snapping shrimp Alpheus, which live
as obligate commensals on a branching coral Pocillopora. Labora-
tory studies conducted by Peter Glynn have shown that the coral
without the crabs and shrimps, is a favored food item of Acan-
thaster, the infamous Crown-of-Thorns seastar. However, if the
commensals are present on the branching coral, as is usually the
case on healthy reefs, a Crown-of-Thorns attempting to feed on the
coral is vigorously bitten and snapped at until it moves away.
Another invertebrate that protects corals is the Painted Shrimp
(Hymenocera). The Painted Shrimp attacks the Crown-of-Thorns
seastar, driving it way from the coral or riding on it until it even-
tually kills the much larger seastar.
In other studies, Glynn found that a small molluscan gastropod
(Jenneria) with a voracious appetite for coral, can kill up to 5 per-
cent of the standing crop of coral on a reef every year. Recent
studies in the Galapagos archipelago have disclosed that the slate-
pencil sea urchin Eucidaris is also capable of prodigious destruc-
tion of live corals. These studies indicate that reef corals in the
Galapagos Islands, long suspected of being limited by cool waters,
must also contend with significant attrition due to an abundant
invertebrate browzer.
Last year saw an increased use of the San Bias Islands on the
north coast of Panama by biologists studying aspects of fish be-
havior, from the intra and interspecific competition of diurnal fishes
for sleeping sites by D. Ross Robertson, to continued studies of
sequential and simultaneous hermaphroditism in a variety of spe-
cies by Steve Hoffman and Eric Fischer.
Political and economic events such as the completion of nego-
tiations of a new canal treaty between Panama and the United
States and the requirement to transport Alaskan oil to Gulf Coast
refineries have interacted to reactivate the idea of building a sea-
94 / Smithsonian Year 1977
level canal. In August, Peter Glynn and Ira Rubinoff were appointed
to a National Research Council Committee with the responsibility
of updating the National Academy's 1970 report on the "Ecological
Consequences of a Sea-Level Canal."
Our marine program has grown significantly since 1970, and
stri will be in a better position to participate significantly in new
canal studies, should they develop.
On January 5, 1977, a contract was signed by the Minister of
Health of the Republic of Panama and the Director of stri, author-
izing stri to pursue its research and conservation interests through-
out the Isthmus of Panama. This contract also authorizes the estab-
lishment of field stations whenever they may be of particular re-
search interest.
Dr. Pedro Galindo retired in 1976 as Director of the Gorgas Me-
morial Laboratory and joined stri as a part-time consultant to help
in developing the establishment of wildlife sanctuaries in the Re-
public of Panama.
Rapidly developed interest in tropical ecology was illustrated by
the success of the IV International Symposium of Tropical Ecology
held in Panama, March 7-11, 1977. stri co-sponsored this sympo-
sium with several Panamanian organizations, and over 400 scien-
tists representing 36 countries attended.
A number of improvements to stri physical plants were com-
pleted this fiscal year. The ancient wooden launches serving Barro
Colorado Island were retired and replaced by two 40-foot fiberglass
boats obtained surplus from the Navy. Rechristened Megalops and
Brycon, they are providing speedier service to the island. Without
the worry of dry rot they should represent a considerable reduc-
tion in maintenance time and expenses. A dial telephone system has
been installed on the island, greatly facilitating communications and
the ability to react to island emergencies.
The final phase of the Tivoli Administration/Laboratory build-
ing has been completed and a move is planned later this year.
In 1977, short-term fellowships financed by the Exxon Corpo-
ration, the Noble Foundation, and the Henry B. and Grace Doherty
Foundation supported twenty-eight fellowships and assistantships.
The assistantship program was initiated in 1977 to provide trop-
ical experience to promising young students who had not yet
developed sufficient background to initiate independent research
projects.
Science I 95
Alexander Calder (1898-1976), America's best known sculptor, is well represented
by documentation in the Archives of American Art.
Smithsonian Year • 1977
HISTORY AND ART
Archives of American Art
As the Smithsonian's repository for original source material on the
visual arts in America, the Archives of American Art continued its
pursuit of individual and institutional records reflecting the history
of painting and sculpture in the United States. Through its five
regional centers and interlibrary loan arrangements, it makes the
documentation it assembles available to scholars on a national
basis.
The personal and professional papers of artists represent the
majority of collections acquired by the Archives, but an unusual
amount of rich material from curators, collectors, dealers, and crit-
ics was received during the past year. Two groups of gallery rec-
ords worthy of note are a collection of letters written to the New
York dealer Curt Valentin by, among others, Alexander Calder,
Lyonel Feininger, Henry Moore, and David Smith; and business
records of Doll and Richards, a Boston firm that has handled the
work of American artists since the late nineteenth century. The
papers of Katharine Kuh, reflecting her career as curator and critic
as well as dealer, include correspondence with such leading figures
as Joseph Albers, Alfred Barr, Naum Gabo, Hans Hofmann, and
Mark Tobey. William Milliken's papers cover his position as Di-
rector of the Cleveland Museum of Art for more than thirty years
and contain information about that museum as well as the profes-
sional organizations he served as president. The correspondence of
William M. Ivins, Curator of Prints at the Metropolitan Museum
of Art from 1916 to the 1940s, includes a long series of letters
from Bernard Berenson.
Edwin Shaw, an Akron, Ohio, collector of American art in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, corresponded with
97
George Inness, Frank Duveneck, William Merritt Chase, and other
major painters of the period. The extensive research material gath-
ered by art historian Alfred Frankenstein for his books on Ameri-
can still-life painting and on William S. Mount was also turned
over to the Archives.
Among significant artists' papers received in 1977 were those of
the painters Fairfield Porter, Paul Sample, Allyn Cox, Karl Knaths,
and Harold C. Davies; diaries kept by Max Beckman; and corre-
spondence, notes, and other records of the sculptors Chaim Gross,
Walker Hancock, Robert Laurent, Richard Lippold, and John Storrs.
Three collections in particular throw light on aspects of govern-
ment involvement in the arts under the New Deal. The records of
the Early American Portrait Survey for the Northeastern United
States, a cataloguing project conducted under the Work Projects
Administration (wpa), were lent for microfilming. Some newly do-
nated Ben Shahn papers provide thorough documentation on his
mural painted for the Society Security (now hew) Building in 1942.
The papers of Chicago sculptor Milton Horn offer both manuscript
and painted material from the modernists' side of a sharp contro-
versy over the design for the Jefferson Memorial.
The Archives Oral History Program has since 1958 been conduct-
ing and acquiring tape-recorded interviews with artists and others
involved in the arts. This useful method of documentation from the
source was expanded in 1977 with fifty-six interviews, the majority
of them held in the Midwest and New England. The reminiscences
and observations of Philip Adams, retired Director of the Cincinnati
Art Museum, of Joseph Butler III, Director of the Butler Institute of
American Art in Youngstown, Ohio, of Joseph H. Hirshhorn, col-
lector and art patron, and of Robert Graham of the Graham Gallery
in New York are particularly valuable.
The use of microfilm enables the Archives to duplicate its hold-
ings for each of its regional offices. Films of 112 collections of
papers were made and distributed in 1977, together with more than
2,000 catalogue cards describing and indexing their contents.
Scholarly use of the Archives continues to grow. Over 2,300 re-
search visits from graduate students, curators, faculty members,
and independent scholars were made to all Archives offices during
the course of the year, and 1,085 rolls of film, a 50 percent increase
over the number for 1976, were sent out through interlibrary loans
98 / Smithsonian Year 1977
to researchers throughout the country. Books, articles, disserta-
tions, and exhibition catalogues are the end product of this activity.
Among those depending on Archives resources published during
the year were a catalogue raisonne of the works of David Smith; a
survey of highlights of American painting and sculpture since
1776; a large volume on Alexander Calder; major exhibition cata-
logues on California art, Daniel Chester French, New Deal paint-
ing, and the Collection of the Rhode Island School of Design;
and articles on Henry Inman, Maurice Prendergast, and collector
Thomas B. Clarke.
In an effort to reach out to the general as well as the scholarly
public, the Archives organized and participated in several exhibi-
tions in 1977. "Artists and Writers in America," held in the gallery
made available to the Archives by the National Portrait Gallery,
presented letters, sketches, and photographs reflecting relationships
between the art and literary worlds over the past century. "Artists
and their Studios," a display of photographs of painters and sculp-
tors at work, traveled to Detroit, Minneapolis, and Portland Ore-
gon, under the auspices of the Smithsonian National Associates'
Program. Documents from the Archives were shown in connection
with fifteen exhibitions of American art in museums in New York,
Baltimore, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Boston, and other cities.
Members of the Archives staff delivered twenty-five lectures and
participated in six symposia concerned with American art and with
the archival profession.
The Archives continued to publish its quarterly Journal, a maga-
zine devoted to articles based on Archives resources and informa-
tion on recent acquisitions. A new edition of the Checklist of the
Collection, a comprehensive listing of Archives holdings, was pre-
pared during the year for publication in 1978.
Cooper-Hewitt Museum
of Design and Decorative Arts
The Cooper-Hewitt Museum reopened to the public on October
7, 1976, to rave reviews by the press. Visitors lined up around the
block to attend the opening exhibition, "MAN transFORMS," and
History and Art I 99
during the first few months the Museum's attendance was more
than 5,000 per week. This exploration of the design process
through the ages and in different cultures closed in February and
was followed by "The Royal Pavilion at Brighton," an exhibition
honoring the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. Objects from
the Cooper-Hewitt, the Royal Pavilion, and nine items especially
chosen by the Queen were included in this exhibition, which also
received great acclaim and is now beginning a two-year tour of
the United States.
Two architectural exhibitions, "Andrea Palladio" and "200
Years of American Architectural Drawing," followed. Because of
extensive coverage of these exhibitions in the design, architecture,
and general press, the Museum was able to sustain the visitor
count begun with the opening exhibition, so that at the end of the
first year a total of 250,000 visitors was recorded. There is every
reason to believe that this number of visitors can be maintained
and increased as the popularity of the Museum grows.
Five exhibitions were held in the Contemporary Design Gallery:
"Drawings of 19th Century Berlin," "The Carnegie Mansion,"
"Henry Mercer," "Palaces for the People," and "Drawing Toward
a More Modern Architecture." These were responsive to particular
interests of the Museum and explored different facets of the design
field.
A membership program was begun in October 1976 with an
appeal to the greater New York metropolitan area. More than
4,000 members have enrolled, an extraordinary achievement con-
sidering that the Cooper-Hewitt was then virtually unknown to the
public. A series of educational programs coinciding with the open-
ing have reflected the special interests of the Museum — design,
architecture, decorative arts. There were more than ninety programs,
including tours to underground New York; homes in the Hamp-
tons, Olana, and Williamsburg; weekend seminars on the age of
Louis XVI; craft workshops on quilting and bookbinding; lectures
on American decorative arts, carpets and silver; luncheon talks on
interior design and antiques; and children's classes for ages three
to twelve. More than 3,000 people participated in these events.
The volunteer and internship program became more important
than ever before. One hundred volunteers are now assisting the
Museum's curators, librarian, registrar, information desk, and pub-
100 / Smithsonian Year 1977
A view of the Loggias of the Palazzo Delia Ragione, a model prepared by Ballico
Pietro, and part of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design and Decorative Arts'
exhibition of the works of Andrea Palladio. Below: Angel cage in Bird Room, a
contribution of Arata Isozaki to the Cooper-Hewitt Museum's exhibition "MAN
transFORMS, Aspects of Design," which celebrated the reopening of the Museum on
October 7, 1976.
/ / TT I
t
lie affairs office in a variety of tasks. Trained docents take visitors
on special tours of the building and the exhibitions. Interns have
been assigned to individual curators and work on projects for
which they receive credit at their institutions.
An important project is under way with the Book-of-the-Month
Club, which will print a twelve-part series, Smithsonian Illustrated
Library of Antiques, to be offered to its members and to the Smith-
sonian Associates. The first volume will appear in the winter of
1979.
During the year, the drawings and prints collection was in-
stalled in the Drue Heinz Study Center and the library in the
Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Memorial Study Center. A textile con-
servation laboratory was established thanks to the Samuel Kress
Foundation, and a special storage center for the Museum's ce-
ramics collection was created. One hundred and ten individuals
have donated 612 objects to the Museum's collections, responding
to special appeals from the different departments.
The Museum looks forward to continued growth and to the
opportunity of enriching the cultural life of New York and the
nation with its public programs and activities, its remarkable
collections that only now are being made accessible to the visitor,
its exhibitions, and its scholarship.
Freer Gallery of Art
Dr. Harold P. Stern, Director of the Freer Gallery of Art since
1971, died after a long illness on April 3, 1977. His premature
death at the age of fifty-four is a serious loss to specialists in the
field of Oriental art as well as to the Gallery. Dr. Stern's entire
professional career was spent at the Freer Gallery of Art. He came
to the Gallery as a graduate student from the University of Michi-
gan in 1949. Appointed to the curatorial staff of the Gallery in
1950, he became Assistant Director in 1962. Dr. Stern was an
internationally recognized scholar in the field of Japanese art. His
wit and erudition are embodied in his publications, just as his many
contributions to the Freer Gallery of Art are an indelible part of
the history of that institution.
102 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Japanese wood sculpture; Kamakura period, 1185-1333; Komokuten (one of the set
of four Shitenno). Height is 26 inches; width at base is 13 inches. Freer Gallery of
Art, 76.12.
Chinese calligraphy; Ch'ing dynasty, 1644-1912; Wang Shih-min (1592-1680); panel;
ink on paper. Its height is 28V2 inches; width 19% inches. Freer Gallery of Art, 77.1.
While Director of the Freer Gallery of Art, Dr. Stern was re-
sponsible for the acquisition of a number of important objects for
the collection. Some of his favorite Japanese objects, all of which
were acquired during his tenure as Director, were displayed in a
memorial exhibition held at the Gallery throughout the summer.
The Harold P. Stern Memorial Fund has been established to fur-
ther Dr. Stern's lifelong interest in Japanese art. Income from the
Memorial Fund will be used to increase the understanding and
appreciation of Japanese art through lectures, symposia, and publi-
cations; teaching activities; conservation training and apprentice-
ship programs; and the acquisition of Japanese art of the highest
quality.
Several special exhibitions were held at the Freer Gallery of Art
during the past year, all of them designed to highlight relatively
unexplored areas of the collections. A select showing of Japanese
objects was included in "Shinto Art." Long considered too esoteric
a subject for Western audiences, the carved and painted images of
tutelary deities proved to have great appeal for Gallery visitors.
Most of the Freer's major American paintings were included in a
large exhibition entitled "A Connoisseur's Vision: Selections from
Charles Lang Freer's American Art Collection." Many of the Ameri-
can paintings included in the exhibition were newly cleaned, and
a number of the original frames were refurbished before being
shown. The emphasis upon American artists who were patronized
by Charles Lang Freer reflects a growing scholarly interest in this
comparatively unstudied period of American cultural history.
Oriental calligraphy has never enjoyed the same prestige in the
West that it has traditionally received in the Far East, but the suc-
cess of the Gallery's "Oriental Calligraphy" exhibition clearly in-
dicated increasing Western awareness of the importance of callig-
raphy for an understanding of Far Eastern cultures. Rubbings of
ancient Chinese calligraphic monuments, shown for the first time,
were especially noteworthy highlights of this exhibition.
The fall season of 1977 was highlighted by two exhibitions.
"The Four Seasons in Japanese Art," which occupied four separate
galleries, presented a selection of handscrolls, hanging scrolls,
History and Art I 105
screens, and larger artifacts. All of the objects illustrated the
theme of birds, flowers, and animals of the four seasons. Original
planning was begun by Dr. Stern, and the opening date was sched-
uled to coincide with a loan exhibition entitled "Birds, Bees, Blos-
soms and Bugs," which he had organized for the Asia Society in
New York City. Unexpectedly, the exhibition at the Freer and the
one at the Asia Society became memorial exhibitions for Dr. Stern.
A slightly smaller exhibition, "Chinese Album Leaves and Fan
Paintings," provided unusual insights into Chinese painting of
relatively small scale. In spite of their size, however, the fan paint-
ings and album leaves provided exciting glimpses into traditional
Chinese representations of landscapes, figures, birds, and flowers.
Academic appointments to the Freer were Richard Edwards and
Calvin French, University of Michigan professors, who are serving
as honorary associates.
For the twenty-fourth season, the Gallery offered a series of
illustrated lectures on Oriental Art. The November lecture, spon-
sored jointly by the Freer Gallery of Art and the Embassy of Japan,
was given by Robert Moes of the Brooklyn Museum. Mr. Moes
spoke on "Important Developments in the History of Japanese
Ceramics." In March the Rutherford J. Gettens Memorial Lecture
was delivered by Professor Kazuo Yamasaki. The topic of his lec-
ture, "The History of Japanese Paintings as Seen from Pigment
Studies," provided new insights into an area of research that has
special importance to the Conservation Laboratory of the Freer
Gallery. A generous contribution by John S. Thatcher supported
Professor Yamasaki's lecture.
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
As the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden completed its
second full year of operation, a remarkable change had taken
place. The building had become a familiar Washington landmark,
and the Museum, through its collection and exhibition programs,
had established itself as one of the nation's most popular museums
of contemporary art.
106 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Newly acquired by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden: The Rooster (Le
Coq), 1916, a painted bronze relief by the pioneer Cubist sculptor, Raymond Du-
champ- Villon. Below: In opening ceremonies at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden on November 18, 1976, Mexican Ambassador Jose Juan de Olloqui and a
guest view the celebrated Chac-Mool from Chichen-Itza. The Mesoamerican sculp-
ture, part of the collection of the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City
and dating from the tenth to the twelfth centuries a.d., was loaned to the Smithsonian
by the people of Mexico in celebration of the Bicentennial of the United States.
In 1977 more than a million visitors were again recorded. Sam-
plings of their written comments — submitted on forms provided
at the Hirshhorn's lobby Information Desk — suggest their diver-
sity. They range from those making their initial contact with
contemporary art (most like it, a few do not) to experienced mu-
seumgoers suggesting greater representation of one or another of
their favorite artists.
Central to the Museum's diversified 1977 program was a series
of special exhibitions and installations utilizing both works of art
drawn from its own collection and those borrowed from other
sources. Two exhibitions — "Chac-Mool: A Bicentennial Loan from
Mexico" and "14 Canadians: A Critic's Choice," guest curated by
Andrew Hudson — saluted the nation's neighbors south and north.
The installation of the "Chac-Mool," one of Mexico's great
treasures — never before seen outside of its permanent home in the
National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City — was aug-
mented by a selection of Pre-Columbian sculpture from the Mu-
seum's own collection.
Another exhibition, "Winslow Homer Drawings," celebrated the
opening of the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design
and Decorative Arts in New York and included thirty-two works
drawn from the latter's extensive collection of Homer's works. "Kin
and Communities," a special installation of works on the theme of
the family, was mounted to mark the occasion of the Smithsonian's
international symposium on that topic.
Besides Winslow Homer, eight other Americans served as sub-
jects for solo exhibitions. Largest in scope were "Hans Hofmann"
— a retrospective loan exhibition organized jointly with the Mu-
seum of Fine Arts, Houston, and selected by the noted painter and
critic Walter Darby Bannard — and "The Thomas Eakins Collection
of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden," the first exten-
sive showing of this collection, one of the largest in the United
States. Also drawn from the Museum's permanent collection were
"E. E. Cummings: The Poet as Artist," an exhibition of sixty-six
works by the well-known poet shown in connection with a Wash-
ington-wide project celebrating the collaboration of poetry and the
visual arts, and "Arthur B. Carles," a smaller exhibition of the
Museum's holdings of the paintings of the Philadelphia artist who
died in 1952.
108 / Smithsonian Year 1977
"Summer Sculpture '77: Jules Olitski" consisted of five monu-
mental steel sculptures by this outstanding abstract painter. It was
the Museum's first outdoor sculpture loan exhibition, and was orig-
inally organized by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. From this
same source came an exhibition of large-scale figure paintings, land-
scapes, and allegories by the realist painter Alfred Leslie. Complet-
ing the roster of one-man exhibitions were showings of the work of
two California artists: "Peter Plagens: Works on Paper," which in-
cluded works drawn from eighteen private and public collections,
and "The Photography of Leland Rice," the Museum's first exhibi-
tion of contemporary photography.
In one sense, however, the most significant exhibition presented
during 1977 was "Acquisitions: 1974-1977." It included more than
130 works of art by 96 American and foreign artists. In the ac-
companying checklist, the exhibition's scope and the Museum's
assessment of its significance were described this way:
All of the paintings, sculptures, prints, and drawings in this
exhibition have been acquired since the opening of the Mu-
seum on October 1, 1974. As a group, they testify to the
Museum's continuing commitment to contemporary art and to
the enrichment of other aspects of its permanent collection.
When Joseph H. Hirshhorn presented to the Nation the ap-
proximately 6,000 works of art with which the Museum
opened, he intended that the collection should be a living —
not a static — one. During the past two and one half years the
Museum has continued to acquire works of art both through
purchase and gift, including a number of additional gifts
from Mr. Hirshhorn. To him, and to the other 34 donors
whose generosity this exhibition reflects, the Museum is deeply
grateful.
Supplementing the Hirshhorn's exhibition schedule was an audi-
torium program of lectures, films, and symposia. Two of the latter,
the most ambitious the Museum has yet undertaken, were of par-
ticular note. Organized in conjunction with the Museum's exhibition
of contemporary Canadian painting and sculpture, "20th Century
Canadian Culture," was an eleven-week series devoted to the liter-
ature, drama, and visual arts of Canada. Panel discussions and
other events were presented both at the Museum and The Phillips
History and Art I 109
Collection under the sponsorship of the Association for Canadian
Studies in the United States, and were made possible by a grant to
the Association from the National Endowment for the Humanities.
The keynote address at the opening ceremony, attended by Mrs.
Joan Mondale and Mrs. Margaret Trudeau, together with members
of the American and Canadian Diplomatic Corps, was delivered by
Professor Northrop Frye of the University of Toronto.
In conjunction with the opening of its "Thomas Eakins" exhibi-
tion, the Museum organized a one-day symposium at which four
of the nation's leading Eakins scholars presented papers that dealt
with various aspects of the artist's career and work. Participating
were Lloyd Goodrich, Evan Turner, Gordon Hendricks, and Maria
Chamberlin-Hellman. On a separate evening, the eminent West
Coast critic and art historian, Alfred Frankenstein, gave his own
estimate of the artist in a lecture entitled "Eakins: A Dissenting
View."
Other speakers during the year included the artists Alfred Leslie
and Yaacov Agam; critics John Canaday, Walter Darby Bannard,
and John Bernard Myers; and scholars Eugenia Parry Janis, Mi-
chael Klein, and Barbara Wolanin. A series of lectures — given in
conjunction with the Museum's ongoing film program — included
talks by filmmakers Jonas Mekas, Chuck Henry, Tony Bannon,
Nancy Baer, and Doris Chase. The film program itself, which in-
cluded special Saturday showings for children, continued its dual
emphasis on films about art and film as art with showings each
Tuesday and Thursday.
A series of Museum publications also supplemented the exhibi-
tion program. Outstanding was the 240-page catalogue of the
Eakins exhibition. Nearly three years in preparation, under the su-
pervision of curatorial assistant Phyllis Rosenzweig and incorpo-
rating the research efforts of graduate art-history students at the
University of Delaware, it was widely hailed within weeks of its
publication as a significant contribution to American art historical
scholarship.
Through funds appropriated specifically for the purpose, as well
as gifts received from a growing body of individual donors, the
Museum was able to continue the important tasks of building its
collection. In so doing, two areas were emphasized: the extension
of the collection forward in time, in order that it should continue
110 / Smithsonian Year 1977
to reflect ongoing developments in contemporary art; and the si-
multaneous enhancement of those areas — such as American and
European sculpture of the past one hundred years — where it is
possible to build upon its original strengths. From all sources, the
Museum acquired 108 works of art during the year.
Since its opening, the Museum has continued to respond as gen-
erously as the prudent care of the collection will permit to requests
for loans by other institutions. During the year, 107 loans were
made to 38 museums and other organizations throughout the
United States and abroad. Works of art borrowed from the Hirsh-
horn Museum were seen by the public in cities as far apart as
Indianapolis and Zurich, Providence and Paris, and Houston and
Tokyo.
The Museum also continued to explore other means by which
its collection might be shared with a larger public than that able
to see it in Washington. Most recently, it has organized an exhi-
bition which includes one sculpture and one drawing by twenty-
four major American and European artists of the past one hundred
years to travel to three South Carolina art museums during 1977-
1978. Other traveling exhibitions drawn from the permanent col-
lection are being considered for later years with one — a national
tour of paintings from the Museum's collection of the works of
Louis B. Elshemius — now firmly scheduled to begin in 1979.
For those who were able to visit the Museum itself during the
year, there was a wide range of educational activities. For many
exhibitions, the staff prepared — in addition to catalogues — one- to
five-page handouts, brochures, or checklists that were distributed
to the public without charge. The Telesonic self-tour guide system
was expanded by the creation of fifty-nine new tapes and the in-
corporation of a number of new or improved stations. And the
Museum's docents, who contributed approximately 4,458 hours of
volunteer time during the year, provided more than 28,317 visitors
with general and special tours of the galleries.
One new program was developed specifically for children: "A
Hirshhorn Holiday: An Adventure in Art and Illusion." Staged
shortly before Christmas, this was a four-hour blend of continuous
live performances, gallery tours, music, and animated films. It was
made possible through the generosity and cooperation of the
Women's Committee of the Smithsonian Associates and brought
History and Art I 111
more than 3,600 children to the Museum for a festive morning.
Underlying the year's ambitious public program was the effec-
tive behind-the-scenes work of many departments. The Depart-
ment of Painting and Sculpture not only organized the Museum's
exhibitions schedule but continued its long-term project of cata-
loguing and documenting the more than 6,000 works of art received
when the Museum first opened in 1974, and also answered more
than 290 research inquiries. The Department of Education was
responsible for the ongoing training of docents, the supervision of
the auditorium and tour programs, and the preparation of hand-
outs, brochures, labels, and Telesonic tapes.
In addition, the Department of Education — working closely with
the Department of Painting and Sculpture and other departments
— administered the Museum's intern programs, which provide
training to future museum professionals. During the year, the Mu-
seum trained interns, at both the graduate and undergraduate lev-
els, from George Washington University, Brandeis University, Uni-
versity of California at Berkeley, New York University, and Trin-
ity College of Hartford. A special intern was accepted from the
Australian Gallery's Directors' Council. The Museum also pro-
vided facilities for two Smithsonian predoctoral fellows working in
the field of American art history.
Also contributing importantly both to the care of the permanent
collection and to the mounting of exhibitions were:
The Conservation Department which, in its newly completed
laboratory, provided treatment for some 680 works of art, per-
formed routine examinations, and prepared condition reports.
The Office of the Registrar, which supervised the movement of
works of art both to and from the Museum as well as within the
building itself, continued its project of translating the Museum's
catalogue data into machine-retrievable forms.
The Department of Exhibits and Design, which was responsible
for the design, construction, and installation of thirteen exhibi-
tions, as well as for continuing changes in the installation of the
permanent collection and the general design and appearance of the
galleries, plaza, and Sculpture Garden.
Special note should be made of the retirement of the Adminis-
trative Officer, Joseph Sefekar, on May 7, 1977. Mr. Sefekar, who
spent more than thirty-five years in government service, was one
112 / Smithsonian Year 1977
of the Museum's first employees, having joined the staff in 1970,
and contributed greatly to the Museum's growth.
Theodore E. Cummings, one of the Museum's original Trustees,
resigned from the Board of Trustees on November 24, 1976, because
of pressure of other obligations. To succeed him, the Trustees
elected Jerome Greene, Esq., of New York City.
Joseph Henry Papers
Research and editing for Volume 3 of The Papers of Joseph Henry
neared completion during the year, and the manuscript was sched-
uled to go to press. The centerpiece of the volume, covering
Henry's career in 1836 and 1837, is a series of diary entries docu-
menting his eight-month European sojourn. Complemented by
sprightly diary entries by his American friend A. D. Bache, who
accompanied Henry part of the way, the diaries constitute a mine
of information for transatlantic scientific awareness and influence.
An unexpected but equally important by-product of annotating
these difficult entries has been the development of an unusual per-
spective on the European scientific scene, including features often
neglected in conventional histories. It is very much a "living" his-
tory told through the eyes of participants. The result is expected to
be a volume of interest not only to Americanists but to specialists in
French, English, and Scottish science as well. The project continues to
search repositories for further Henry documentation. Major finds
have been made in recent additions to the James Hall papers at the
New York State Library.
The Joseph Henry-Alexander Graham Bell Library was installed
in the project's new quarters. These rare-book libraries, the proj-
ect's other great historical resource, are now under proper tem-
perature and security conditions. In addition, a major first step has
been taken toward the renovation of the Joseph Henry Library,
resulting in the rebinding of about 700 books during the past fiscal
year.
The Henry Papers project, in addition to publishing its volumes,
is increasingly recognized for its function as a central scholarly re-
source for science in America. It received inquiries and researchers
History and Art I 113
on a wide diversity of topics, including the history of research on
sunspots, early United States-Japanese contacts on education and
science, ideas of forest ecology, and the early years of the Smith-
sonian. The appearance of the Henry volumes has publicized to
outside scholars the wide range of materials on hand at the project.
The staff was also consulted by representatives of other existing
and prospective historical editing projects (e.g., the Edison and
Henry Laurens Papers), interested in applying its procedures, espe-
cially the computer index system. Over the fiscal year, the Henry
Papers took on its usual complement of Smithsonian fellows, from
visiting senior scholars to undergraduates. It has also welcomed
two predoctoral fellows for the current and next fiscal year.
The Nineteenth-Century Seminar, under Nathan Reingold, con-
tinued to feature monthly presentations on an eclectic array of
nineteenth-century subjects, including historic preservation, aero-
nautical history, photography, and art history.
National Collection of Fine Arts
The final presentations in the Museum's ambitious Bicentennial
program were the stimulating exhibition of works by Robert Raus-
chenberg, one of the few major Bicentennial exhibitions accorded
a living American artist, and the Renwick's colorful "Americas:
The Decorative Arts in Latin America in the Era of the Revolu-
tion." The Rauschenberg exhibition, made up of some two hundred
works representing all aspects of the artist's career borrowed from
collections here and abroad, opened on October 28. The most com-
prehensive exhibition ever held of Rauschenberg's work, it was
widely reviewed in the national press. After its closing in Wash-
ington, the exhibition was shown at the Museum of Modern Art
in New York and then was scheduled to go on to San Francisco,
Buffalo, and Chicago. The extensive catalogue accompanying the
exhibition, published by the Smithsonian Institution Press, pro-
vides a thorough documentation of the artist's career, and remains
of permanent value.
In the throes of Bicentennial enthusiasm, it was easy to lose
sight of the fact that the new United States were not alone in the
114 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Americas at the time they achieved their independence. As a reminder
of the contemporary cultural scene, the Renwick Gallery gathered
together a dazzling collection of treasures from ten Latin American
countries, created during the period of the American Revolution,
to present a rich and decorative complement to the more austere
northern taste. The exhibition, "Americas," which later was shown
in New York, was supplemented with lectures by scholars from
Brazil, Venezuela, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, and the United States,
and with musical programs, all made possible through the cooper-
ation of the Organization of American States, embassies, and the
Smithsonian Associates. The handsome publication accompanying
the exhibition included an informative text by Elizabeth Wilder
Weismann.
The National Collection of Fine Arts' (ncfa) exhibition program
for the year was one of the largest and most varied in its history.
Of the twenty-six exhibitions presented, eighteen were produced
by the Museum, four were produced in close collaboration with
other institutions, and three were produced elsewhere.
Renwick Gallery exhibitions ranged from "Paint on Wood," a
historical survey of painted furniture that provided a provocative
contrast to the purist side of modern taste, to the delightful em-
broidered pictures by Ethel Mohamed. As usual, most exhibitions
were accompanied by special programs and films.
Even larger than the Rauschenberg exhibition was "Painting
and Sculpture in California: The Modern Era" with some 250
works. Produced in association with the San Francisco Museum of
Modern Art, where it was first shown (the selection was made by
the Director, Henry Hopkins, in collaboration with ncfa curator
Walter Hopps), the exhibition continued ncfa's policy of studying
the art of different areas of the United States in depth, begun with
"Art of the Pacific Northwest" in 1974. The California exhibition
was concerned with modern works from 1900 to the present and,
although it made no effort to define a local style, did suggest the
extraordinary vitality that has characterized art throughout the
state.
As a moment of classical calm between the Rauschenberg and
California showings, an exhibition of works by the sculptor Dan-
iel Chester French (1850-1931), who executed so many well-known
monuments in Washington, was produced in association with the
History and Art I 115
National Trust for Historic Preservation. Of like calm was the
small exhibition of paintings and drawings by John White Alexan-
der, French's contemporary.
In conjunction with a Washington-wide festival of art and po-
etry, "Inscapes," ncfa celebrated the association of the two arts in
a pair of highly original exhibitions: Peter Bermingham's "The Art
of Poetry" in the Department of Education's Discover Gallery, and
Lloyd Herman's "The Object as Poet" at the Renwick. Many of
the works in "The Object as Poet" were created through collabo-
ration by craftsmen and poets, some expressly for this showing.
The major portion of this exhibition was later shown at the Mu-
seum of Contemporary Crafts in New York City.
No less poetic, in their way, were the prints of Jacob Kainen,
displayed in an impressive retrospective exhibition by the Depart-
ment of Prints and Drawings in November. On the occasion of
the exhibition, which was later shown in Baltimore, the Museum
published a complete catalogue of Kainen's prints. The galleries
devoted to a selection of prints and drawings from the permanent
collection were redesigned to allow more hanging space, and some
large exhibitions, notably the prints of Mauricio Lasansky and the
"25th National Exhibition of Prints," sponsored jointly with the
Library of Congress, extended well into the newly organized areas.
An exhibition of particular interest was of the works of Arthur
Wesley Dow (1857-1922), an influential teacher whose Japanese-
inspired theories revolutionized art instruction throughout the
country. This was the first representative showing of his own
works. A major publication on Dow accompanied the exhibition.
The most spectacular addition to the permanent galleries was the
Gellatly Gallery, opened in October. Named in honor of John
Gellatly, who presented his large and varied collection to the Insti-
tution in 1929, its objects range from Greek gold and ancient Chi-
nese jade and glass to medieval ivories, fine Renaissance jewelry,
and intricately blown eighteenth-century glass reliefs. Mr. Gellatly,
who also gave the collection most of its paintings by Albert Pinkham
Ryder, wished to show that American art of his period was the equal
of the fine European and Asiatic art of the past. Now, some of the
treasures he collected for comparison can again be seen in context.
Since John Gellatly presented his gift, the ncfa collection has
grown enormously. It now consists of some 6,500 paintings and
116 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Maurice Prendergast, Summer, New England, 1912, oil on canvas, 19 x 27 inches. A
recent gift to the National Collection of Fine Arts. Below: Francis W. Edmonds, The
Speculator, circa 1852, oil on canvas, 25 x 39 inches. A recent acquisition by the
National Collection of Fine Arts, gift of Mr. and Mrs. Kevin McCann.
Adelyn Breeskin, Consultant for Twentieth-Century Painting and
Sculpture at the National Collection of Fine Arts. Below: Young
participants in Kaleidoscope Day in the National Collection of
Fine Arts courtyard, June 4, 1977.
sculptures, almost 13,000 prints and drawings, and 2,000 works of
decorative art. Among the carefully selected 1,000 new works ac-
cessioned this year were many of notable quality. Outstanding
among the gifts were a superb 1912 painting by Maurice Prender-
gast, two especially fine early paintings by Milton Avery, an im-
portant large panel by Bob Thompson, whom the Museum re-
membered with an exhibition in 1975, and a large and lively paint-
ing by Stanley William Hayter, best known for his contributions
to printmaking.
The Speculator, an expertly painted and amusing work by the
nineteenth-century genre painter Francis W. Edmonds was a major
gift in that area. A group of ninety-five works by Morris Kantor
and a series of works by Charles Pollock and studies by Abraham
Rattner add much to our understanding of these artists. For the
nineteenth-century collection, major purchases included Castle
Rock, Marblehead by Alfred Bricher, William Beard's amusing
The Darwinian, and a luminous, early landscape by Elihu Vedder,
for whom an extensive retrospective exhibition will be mounted in
the fall of 1978. Two of the major twentieth-century works pur-
chased were a large sculpture by Saul Baizerman and Ralston Craw-
ford's precise and elegant Buffalo Grain Elevator of 1937.
In order to document the collection better and provide more ma-
terial for the public and scholars, all matters pertaining to slides
and photography were recently organized under a single office.
This includes not only the photography laboratory and office of
rights and reproductions, but the collection of 30,000 slides, 15,000
photographs, and 127,000 negatives of the Peter Juley and Son
archives. The slide and photograph collection is now indexed on
computer by artist and subject. An additional help to scholars has
been the ncfa's continuing project of indexing works of artistic
interest throughout the Smithsonian. In less than a year and a half
more than 82,000 works have been listed.
The Museum published six books and major catalogues, five
small catalogues, and various informational folders during the
year. Research carried on by its fellows, who came from seven
universities, ranged from the iconography of the West in the nine-
teenth century to the paintings of David Smith. Regular seminars
were held for visiting scholars and the staff, and the intern pro-
grams in museum training continued successfully.
History and Art I 119
Each spring ncfa's resourceful docents (there are eighty-five in-
cluding those at the Renwick) hold a special day-long event in the
courtyard and galleries featuring artists, musicians, many things
to do, and much gallery activity. Once called Children's Day, it
has now become a day for all members of the family. It is now
called Kaleidoscope, and the approximately 2,800 people, young
and old, who came this year thoroughly enjoyed the experience.
Families also came to the fifth high-school graphics exhibition,
"Through the Eyes of New Printmakers," for which much of the
planning and the catalogue were done by students. Still an addi-
tional audience celebrated the opening in the Discover Gallery of
"Raices y Visiones/Roots and Visions," which was a vital and
colorful exhibition of works by American artists of Hispanic or
Latin American origin who have consciously used their distinctive
cultural background in developing their art.
National Museum of History and Technology
The year following the American Revolution Bicentennial has per-
mitted the return to a more normal pattern and breadth of museum
activity. Two of the nine Bicentennial exhibits were actually com-
pleted in 1977: "Belgian Gunmaking and American History" and
"Person to Person," and new exhibits continued to be produced.
Most staff members, however, were able to devote more of their
time to research and professional activities, and to participation in
public service responsibilities. A major effort has been applied to
improving control of collections and to planning directions of mu-
seum development.
Improved control of collections has been substantially advanced.
Thousands of objects borrowed from other museums and indi-
viduals to supplement the Museum's holdings for producing its
major Bicentennial exhibitions, and the large number of objects
loaned to other museums and institutions of learning for use in
their Bicentennial exhibits, left a great wake of registrarial work
involving staff at all levels in various aspects of collections man-
agement.
120 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Secretary Ripley speaks on a vintage telephone, while Bernard S. Finn, organizer of
the "Person to Person" exhibit, watches. Dr. Finn is Curator of Electricity and Nuclear
Energy at the Museum of History and Technology.
During the same period and as part of the same effort, a new
project was initiated to place accession and registration informa-
tion into a central computer file. A total of some 15,000 objects
has been added to this master file, and cataloguing for a great part
of this total has been completed by Museum staff. This conversion
will continue with each new object added to the collections.
The assignment of an expert member of the staff of the Office of
the Registrar to each new exhibition project to manage the intri-
cate registration procedures has proved to be extremely productive,
and provides for the most efficient accountability of the multitude
of objects involved in the process. The Office of the Registrar has
now established control over current accessions and loans, and
reports a total of more than 14,957,598 accessioned objects in our
collections.
A recently implemented major resource contributing to the con-
trol of collections is the addition of a central processing facility
operated by Kenneth Bush assisted by Larry Bird, under the super-
vision of the Office of the Registrar. All objects coming into and
being sent out of the Museum are handled through this facility,
with carefully recorded condition reports for all items, utilizing the
most advanced scientifically developed methods of packing and
handling.
The new emphasis upon collections management is a part of a
planning program currently in progress, that will reorganize the
Museum into more rationally related departments within which
both research and collecting activity can be multiplied in their ef-
fectiveness. Technicians and specialists have been given new en-
couragement to participate with curators in the development of
policies and specific programs for collecting and for exhibits.
Substantial additions to the collections were made during the
year. Perhaps the largest item was a portion of a "balloon frame"
house installed in the Hall of Everyday Life in the American Past.
Built in Illinois in about 1855 for a farmer, John C. Cowing, the
house was a gift of Patrick Murray, and its transfer to and instal-
lation in the Museum were made possible by a grant from Certain-
Teed Corporation. The dwelling was disassembled and reassembled
by Charles H. Rowell, specialist in period construction, with the co-
operation of Curator Rodris Roth, in an exhibit designed by Deborah
Bretzfelder. This type of innovative construction, common today,
122 / Smithsonian Year 1977
employed thin presawn wood held together with mass-produced cut
nails. Originating in Chicago in the early 1830s, it contributed to
the rapid settlement of the West. The opening of the exhibit was
marked with a special display on "Going to Housekeeping" and
an illustrated lecture on "The Cowing House and Balloon-Frame
Construction" by research consultant Paul E. Sprague, sponsored
by the Latrobe Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians
and the Greater Washington Area Chapter of the Victorian Society
in America.
Notable also was an underwriter duplex-type steam fire pump of
about 1900, of the type manufactured by many builders to an
absolutely standard design formulated by the Factory Mutual In-
surance Companies and other underwriters, required to be installed
in all industrial plants covered by the associated underwriters.
Once found in almost every American mill, these machines saw
almost universal service until their role was taken over by elec-
tricity-driven centrifugal pumps.
Contrasting in size are acquisitions of two clocks that are sig-
nificant additions to the National Collections. A Seth Thomas
pillar-and-scroll shelf clock dating from about 1820 is the only
known example of the second of five models believed to have been
constructed by Thomas in his efforts to produce a standard shelf-
clock style suitable for mass production. The pillar-and-scroll, the
design of which is credited to Thomas's contemporary, Eli Terry,
was the first American mass-produced shelf clock.
Another horological acquisition was a tall-case clock made and
signed by Peter Hill, the first black American clockmaker. Born a
slave, Hill was trained in clockmaking by his owner, Joseph Hol-
linshead, Jr., of Burlington and Mount Holly, New Jersey. Subse-
quently achieving freedom, and later permitted to purchase the
freedom of a slave girl who became his wife, Hill repaired and
made clocks in Burlington and Mount Holly until 1820. He died
bankrupt and is buried in the Friends Meeting House burial ground
in Burlington. This signed, eight-day, brass-movement striking clock
is one of only two known surviving signed examples of Hill's work.
The collections of the Department of Cultural History were sig-
nificantly enriched by the gift from John Paul Remensnyder of his
notable collection of American pottery, consisting of approximately
300 pieces illustrating the history of stoneware manufacture in the
History and Art I 123
Northeastern and Middle Atlantic states from the eighteenth to
the middle of the nineteenth century. A fine silver teapot made
by Barent Ten Eyck (1714-1795) of Albany for his cousin on the
occasion of her marriage in 1734 was presented to the Museum
by a descendant of that marriage. Among other acquisitions were
an eighteenth-century violin from the workshop of Amati in Cre-
mona, and a chamber organ made by Eben. Goodrich of Boston.
Two important nineteenth-century grand pianos made by Steinway
Sons were formally presented by the Steinway family at a cere-
mony that included music played by Van Cliburn on the 1892
Steinway grand used by Ignace Jan Paderewski during his 1892-
1893 American concert tour. Related to the presentation, Cynthia
Adams Hoover presented an illustrated lecture on "The Steinways
and their Pianos in the Nineteenth Century."
The Department of Applied Arts received the gift of an exten-
sive collection of postage stamps formed by Mr. and Mrs. H. Earl
Hoover of Glencoe, Illinois, as well as highly specialized collections
of postal emissions of the Saar, nineteenth-century postage stamps
and covers of Venezuela, and vintage stamp-printing apparatus.
Among significant additions to the Department of National and Mili-
tary History were a Collier flintlock revolver of about 1818; a collec-
tion of letters, sketchbooks, and gifts of Thomas Cochrane Dudley,
who was assistant purser aboard the S.S. Powhatan during Commo-
dore Perry's expedition to Japan; a handsome Chinese export bowl
decorated with the insignia of the Order of the Cincinnati, from
the service owned by George Washington; a handsome collection
of jewelry owned by Mrs. Jefferson Davis; the television stage
furnishings used in the 1976 presidential campaign debates; the
two chairs used by presidential candidates John F. Kennedy and
Richard M. Nixon from the first televised presidential debates, in
1960; and a doll house and doll owned by the children of President
Grover Cleveland.
Outstanding additions to the collections of the Department of
Industries were a group of 450 pieces of rare ancient glass, a fine
group of Wedgwood jasper ware, and twenty pieces of eighteenth-
century Meissen porcelain as well as three outstanding presenta-
tion pieces of engraved glass of about 1786 made at Frederick
Amelung's New Bremen Glass Manufactory.
One of the most outstanding accessions of the past year has
124 / Smithsonian Year 1977
been the Division of Transportation's sugar-plantation locomotive
built in 1883 by the Baldwin Locomotive Works for service in
Hawaii. Named the Olomana, the diminutive engine is on display
in the Railroad Hall.
Although the major exhibits for the Bicentennial were completed
in the past year, the Museum produced a new exhibition entitled
"Person to Person/' which celebrated the centenary of the tele-
phone. Supported by substantial grants and donations of artifacts
from various entities of the telephone industry, the exhibit focuses
on the history of inter-person communication, how it has changed
the American way of life, and the social impact of changes effected
in its technical devices. The four thousand square feet of display
features the original apparatus of Alexander Graham Bell; early
switchboards, including an operating panel frame automatic switch-
board from 1922; glass insulators; telephone-song sheet music;
early telephone instruments; and a wide variety of operating units,
including one incorporating a piece of the original wire used by
Bell to summon Watson, his assistant, over which visitors to the
exhibit may talk.
Representing a cooperative effort between the Museum's Divi-
sion of Graphic Arts and the Department of Anthropology of the
National Museum of Natural History was an exhibition entitled
"Perfect Likenesses," which opened in April. Featuring drawings
and paintings of American Indians made from life, paintings copied
from them, and lithographs produced from them, the exhibition
pointed to the changes that occurred from copy to copy. Organized
by Dr. Peter C. Marzio and designed by Richard C. Virgo, with the
assistance of Dr. Herman Viola, Director of the National Anthro-
pological Archives, the exhibit assembled for the first time a wide
range of materials never previously shown together.
On June 15 the Museum opened a special exhibition on the "Sil-
ver Jubilee" of Queen Elizabeth II of England. Based on the theme
of American associations with members of the British royal family
from the first English plantations in North America, the nucleus of
the exhibit was a collection of materials loaned by special permis-
sion of the Queen from her personal collection in the Royal Library
at Windsor Castle. Included were the original draft penned by
Prince Albert of the famous "Trent Memorandum," which resolved
the pending break in Anglo-American relations during the Civil
History and Art I 125
War; an exchange of letters between Queen Victoria and Mary
Todd Lincoln following the assassination of President Lincoln; let-
ters and a painting relating to the visit of the Prince of Wales, later
King Edward VII, to the United States; a pair of telephones turned
in ivory by Alexander Graham Bell for Queen Victoria; and Vic-
toria's message of congratulations to President Buchanan, relayed
over the submarine cable laid across the Atlantic.
Other objects in the collections included state gifts from the
royal family to Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Johnson, and Ford,
in addition to other memorabilia borrowed from several presiden-
tial libraries, the United States National Archives, the Library of
Congress, and the Maryland Historical Society. Organized and de-
veloped by Silvio A. Bedini, the exhibition was designed by James
M. Mahoney of Exhibits Central and produced and installed by the
cooperative efforts of the Office of Exhibits Central and the Mu-
seum's exhibits staff. Several days after the opening, the exhibition
was visited by Princess Anne during her visit to Washington.
Temporary exhibits in special galleries included a photographic
display, in the Hall of Photography, entitled "Photographing the
Frontier," organized by Eugene Ostroff, Curator of Photography,
and designed by Nadya Makovenyi. An exhibition on "Pochoir"
was organized by Dr. Elizabeth Harris for the Hall of Printing and
Graphic Arts, and designed by Richard S. Virgo.
Several special units are featured on the first floor of the Mu-
seum. An innovative approach to science education is the descrip-
tion of the Foucault pendulum on a nearby panel that was created
by Dr. Faye Cannon and designed by Benjamin W. Lawless, Assist-
ant Director for Design and Production. A whimsical display en-
titled "Ride On," representing the cooperative efforts of Curator
Donald Berkebile and Designer Deborah Bretzfelder, combines some
of the noteworthy bicycles from the Museum's collections with
graphic materials to relate the technological and social history of the
bicycle in American life at the beginning of the twentieth century.
In the special gallery created as an adjunct to the Dibner Library,
Curator Dr. Jon B. Eklund produced an exhibition on "Art and
Chemistry," combining manuscripts and published works from the
Library with artifacts from the collections. This was followed by
an exhibition entitled "Focusing on America," prepared by Dr.
Cannon and designed by Deborah Bretzfelder, in conjunction with
126 / Smithsonian Year 1977
the Washington meetings of the Seventh International Conference
on the History of Cartography. Original maps chronicled the depic-
tion of America in increasingly greater detail with the continuing
exploration and development of the New World. The exhibit begins
with a fifteenth-century world map in which the American conti-
nent does not appear, and terminates with panoramic views pro-
duced in the late nineteenth century, in which each mountain peak
is depicted with its own characteristics. Featured are books from
the Dibner Library; the field notebooks and other memorabilia of
Major Andrew Ellicott, surveyor of the major national boundaries;
and maps, charts, and scientific instruments from the Museum's
collections. Of special significance is the mariner's astrolabe of
Samuel de Champlain on loan from the New-York Historical Society.
In the Hall of Everyday Life in the American Past, a display of
personal memorabilia, art work, family photograph albums, and
other mementos reflecting the gathering of community groups and
family reunions was produced to illustrate the phenomenon of re-
unions for the Smithsonian symposium "Kin and Communities."
Designed by Deborah Bretzfelder, the exhibit was organized by
Richard E. Ahlborn, Chairman of the Department of Cultural His-
tory, with the assistance of Carolyn Sadler and April Fehr, gradu-
ate students in anthropology.
A special display on "Thirteen Star Flags" was produced by Dr.
Harold D. Langley, Associate Curator of Naval History, in cooper-
ation with Mrs. Grace R. Cooper, Curator Emeritus of the Divi-
sion of Textiles. The exhibition, designed by Deborah Bretzfelder,
was produced for the annual Conference of Vexillologists, which
met in Washington in June.
Much effort during the past year has focused on the development
of collections and preparation of scripts and designs for the Hall of
American Maritime Enterprise, which is scheduled to open to the
public in 1978. Supported by grants from numerous maritime in-
dustries, the concept and outline for the hall were produced by Dr.
Melvin H. Jackson, Curator of Marine History, with the assist-
ance of historian Dr. Robert C. Post; the designer is Mrs. Nadya
Makovenyi.
Considerable work has also been completed for a new exhibition
being produced by the Museum in cooperation with the Energy
Research and Development Administration (erda) on high-energy
History and Art I 127
particle accelerators. Entitled "Atom Smashers," this fifty-year
retrospective exhibit was developed by Dr. Paul Forman, Curator of
Modern Physics; the designer is John Schmid of erda and the project
coordinator is Richard 5. Virgo, the Museum's Chief of Design.
The Frank Nelson Doubleday Lectures for 1977 featured the
topic "Education in the Real World," and brought to the Museum
a wide range of speakers. Author John Updike opened the series
with a discussion of "The Written Word." Congressman John
Brademas of Indiana spoke on "Government and Education," while
the third speaker, Alex Haley, author of Roots, presented a lecture
on "Black Heritage." Designer Charles Eames examined "Education
as a Found Object," and the final speaker in the series, James M.
Hester, Rector of the United Nations University in Tokyo, selected
as his topic, "Education for a Changed World."
In October Silvio A. Bedini, Deputy Director, led a study group
to Cairo and Alexandria, Egypt, to advise the Egyptian Ministry
of Health on the establishment and development of museums for
the history of medicine and pharmacy, in an ongoing program of
cooperation under a treaty on health negotiated between the United
States and Egypt. He was accompanied by Dr. Sami K. Hamarneh,
the Museum's historian of pharmacy; Dr. John B. Blake, historian
of the National Library of Medicine; and Dr. L. Max Brodny, Di-
rector, Museum of Surgical Science, International College of Sur-
geons in Chicago.
In November Dr. Brooke Hindle, Director of the Museum, pre-
sented the keynote address at the Fifth Annual United States Mili-
tary Museum Conference held at the Presidio of San Francisco. In
May he gave the annual address at the John Carter Brown Library,
and in September 1977 he gave the opening address at the West-
chester Museum Conference at the Rockefeller Archives Center.
In February Dr. Bernard S. Finn visited India upon invitation
from the Indian Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, to
consult on India's developing program of technology museums and
to discuss a possible United States-India exhibition on the history
of technology. He spoke on the exhibition of artifacts of technology
at the Visvesbaraya Institute and Technology Museum and at the
India Institute of Science at Bangalore, at the Birla Industrial and
Technological Museum in Calcutta, and the Nehru Science Center
in Bombay.
128 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Alex Haley, author of Roots, was the speaker for the Frank Nelson Doubleday
Lecture Series on February 23, 1977, at the National Museum of History and Tech-
nology. The title of his talk was "The Black Heritage." Below: The exhibition "Ride
On" opened in May 1977 in the National Museum of History and Technology. The
exhibit combined bicycles from the Museum's collections, posters from the Museum's
Collection of Business Americana, and graphics from a Smithsonian Institution
Traveling Exhibition Service exhibit.
Robert M. Vogel, Curator of Mechanical and Civil Engineering,
participated in several important public events concerned with
industrial archeology, including a "Section 106" hearing before
the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, called to assess po-
tential damage to Baltimore's historic properties from a planned
interstate highway. With the Historic American Engineering Rec-
ord group of the National Park Service, he participated in a heli-
copter survey of the "Northeast Corridor," to view, photograph,
and assess the significance of all structures along the mainline of
the former Pennsylvania and New Haven railroads from Washing-
ton to Boston, in an effort to improve rail travel between the ter-
minal cities. In May he delivered the keynote paper on the preser-
vation and continued re-use of early industrial districts at a London
conference sponsored jointly by the Victorian Society and the
Association for Industrial Archeology.
Accepting a special invitation from Vatican authorities, Mr.
Bedini spent five weeks in two visits to Rome conducting research
on several projects in the library, archives, museums, and other
facilities of the Vatican.
In May Robert G. Tillotson, Assistant Director for Administra-
tion, attended the annual meetings of the International Council of
Museums (icom) held in Leningrad and Moscow. Also attending
were Curators Philip K. Lundeberg and Cynthia A. Hoover, and
Conservator Scott Odell. Mr. Tillotson is chairman of icom's Inter-
national Committee on Museum Security, of which Dr. Lundeberg
is the secretary. Earlier in the year, Mr. Tillotson coordinated the
publication of a volume on Museum Security in English and French,
published by icom with sponsorship by the Smithsonian Institution,
the American Association of Museums, and the Mellon and Shell
foundations. The work was developed by an icom International
Committee of thirty-four authorities from nineteen countries.
The Eisenhower Institute for Historical Research was the host for
several important scholarly gatherings during the year. In December
a session on "Non-Americans in the American Revolution" was
sponsored jointly by the Eisenhower Institute, the American Mili-
tary Institute, and the United States Commission on Military His-
tory. Under the chairmanship of Professor Russell F. Weigley, the
conference was attended by more than two hundred historians.
130 / Smithsonian Year 1977
In May, the Eisenhower Institute joined the American Committee
for the History of the Second World War in developing a confer-
ence on "Americans As Proconsuls: U. S. Military Government in
Germany and Japan, 1944-1952," which was held at the Museum.
In was the third and final conference of a series on United States
occupation policy held in cooperation with the Douglas MacArthur
Memorial Library and the George C. Marshall Research Library.
The conference was attended by more than two hundred and fifty
historians and individuals who had played important roles in mili-
tary government during and after World War II.
Participating in the ongoing program of visiting scholars from the
academic and museum worlds, Dr. Klaus Maurice, Curator of the
Bavarian National Museum in Munich, spent six months at the
Museum. During this period he performed research in his subject
specialty of the history of horology and cooperated with Dr. Otto
Mayr in the planning of an exhibition on German clocks of the
period 1600 to 1650, to be produced in 1980 at the Bayerisches
Nationalmuseum and the National Museum of History and Tech-
nology.
Several members of the curatorial staff continue as editors of
scholarly periodicals in their fields. Dr. Robert P. Multhauf is editor
of ISIS, the journal of the History of Science Society, and Dr. Ber-
nard S. Finn is its managing editor. John H. White, Jr., continues to
edit the semiannual publication Railroad History, while Dr. John T.
Schlebecker is editor of the bimonthly Living Historical Farms
Bulletin.
The Division of Musical Instruments was engaged in twenty-eight
events featuring a variety of instruments from the collections, in-
cluding several ensemble concerts by the Smithsonian Chamber
Players under the direction of James Weaver. Performances were co-
sponsored largely by the Friends of Music and the Ward Hamilton
Memorial Fund for Folk Music. The Chamber Players also appeared
in twenty performances throughout the United States in collabora-
tion with the National Smithsonian Associates program to bring
Smithsonian activities to other parts of the country. Harpsichord
music of Jacques Duphly was recorded for the "Smithsonian Collec-
tion" on the Stehlin harpsichord from the collection, performed by
James Weaver.
History and Art I 131
The Division of Education and Visitor Information cooperated
closely with the District of Columbia school system by means of
monthly meetings with administrative personnel, and emphasized
adult education and special populations in especially designed pro-
grams. Among these programs was a ten-visit museum experience at
the School Without Walls, presented to secondary school students
by trained docents using the Museum's collections and exhibits to
illuminate topics in nineteenth-century American social and political
history.
School programs were also expanded by the addition of new les-
son-tours designed specifically for primary grade students. Programs
in special education and for the handicapped and elderly were en-
larged during the year to include lesson-tours in transportation for
learning-disabled students. Outreach programs were offered to a
large number of nursing homes and senior citizen groups.
Throughout the year, the Museum attempted to reach a broad
cross section of the Washington public through a variety of infor-
mal musical programs. Free concerts were held in the galleries, in
the auditorium, and outdoors on the Mall terrace. At Christmas,
local chorus groups and musicians performed in the Flag Hall. Dur-
ing the Easter and Cherry Blossom season, the Museum sponsored a
Spring Celebration jointly with the Division of Performing Arts.
This two-week long out-door music program featured military
bands and local musical groups playing a variety of American music.
In order to call attention to the onset of summer hours, the Musi-
cal Instruments Division invited John MacFadyen of Busby, Scot-
land, to perform "An Evening of Scottish Piping" in the pendulum
area. The concert was a huge success and drew approximately nine
hundred people. High school musicians were also given an oppor-
tunity to perform outdoor programs on the Mall terrace during the
tourist season. Young people from Maine, Connecticut, Illinois, and
other states participated.
A three-day Fourth of July Celebration, sponsored with the Divi-
sion of Performing Arts, offered music programs, puppet shows,
barbershop quartets, craft demonstrations, cyclists, and a dance pro-
gram on the Museum's terraces and grounds. Many of the traditions
of an old-fashioned Fourth of July were recreated and approximately
200,000 visitors attended.
A special summer evening concert series by the United States
132 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Navy Commodores held on Wednesdays in July and August drew
500 people to each concert. In the fall, the Museum started noon-
time music concerts on Mondays and Fridays in the Carmichael
auditorium.
Books published by the staff in 1977 reflected a wide range of the
Museum's interests. Physics, Patents & Politics by historian Robert
C. Post is the first full biography of Charles Grafton Page, a remark-
able nineteenth-century experimentalist with electro-magnetism,
who in his time was considered to be on a par with Joseph Henry,
although his scientific achievements were overshadowed by his ac-
tivities as a reformer and promoter. An important work on the
American patent system and federal involvement with science and
technology, it is published by Science History Publications.
An addition to the Museum series Smithsonian Studies in History
and Technology is a volume by Peter C. Marzio on The Art Cru-
sade, which provides an analysis of the numerous American draw-
ing manuals produced between 1820 and 1860. Drs. Vladimir and
Elvira E. Clain-Stefanelli wrote a popular book on the history of
numismatics, entitled Das grosse Buch der Munzen und Medaillen,
which was published in Munich. A useful little work on Costume
Display Techniques, written by Karen Harris, the Section of Cos-
tume's museum specialist, was published by the American Associa-
tion for State and Local History. Two research monographs pub-
lished with the cooperation of the Division of Electricity and Nuclear
Physics are Relics of the Electrical Age by Robert Belfield and Saga
of the Vacuum Tube by Gerald F. J. Tyne.
National Portrait Gallery
During the past year 413 portraits were added by gift and purchase
to the permanent collection of the National Portrait Gallery. Espe-
cially notable gifts to the collection this year were three likenesses
of Joel Barlow — a drawing by John Vanderlyn, a miniature by Wil-
liam Dunlap, and a rare engraving by Ruotte — all donated by the
present-day descendant of the subject who bears his illustrious an-
cestor's name. A magnificent daguerreotype of President Zachary
Taylor and his son-in-law, Colonel William W. S. Bliss, was pur-
History and Art I 133
chased with the assistance of funds provided by the Quaker Oats
Foundation. A striking portrait drawing of President Jimmy Carter
by Jamie Wyeth, done from life at Plains, Georgia, in November
1976, was presented by the Peretz Foundation.
The most significant gift to the collection this year (indeed, per-
haps of this decade) was the magnificent John Singleton Copley self-
portrait, an acquisition made possible by a very generous matching
grant from The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation.
Worthy of special mention among the year's purchases were a
sparkling small oil of Benjamin West with his family by the artist
himself in the garden of his house and studio in London; an extra-
ordinarily vivid Sharpies pastel of Joseph Priestly, the eminent
scientist and political thinker, who became an American citizen in
1794 and spent the remainder of his life in this country; a brilliant
watercolor self-portrait of one of America's greatest impressionists,
Mary Cassatt; and a daguerreotype of General Thomas J. "Stone-
wall" Jackson, one of only two known such original photo images.
The Gallery mounted eight exhibitions during the period covered
by this report. The most ambitious of these was "The President's
Medal, 1789-1977," which dealt with presidential inaugural medals
from the earliest times to the present. It was accompanied by a fully
illustrated catalogue published by Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. This
show has since gone on to the Lyndon B. Johnson Library in Austin,
Texas. The other seven exhibitions were "Thomas Hart Benton,"
which celebrated the acquisition in the preceding year of a major
self-portrait of the artist; "Not a Model Boy," marking the hun-
dredth anniversary of the publication of Tom Sawyer by Mark
Twain; "Gallant Harry of the West," in commemoration of the
two-hundredth anniversary of the birth of Henry Clay; "Aaron
Burr Acquitted," which dealt with Burr's trial for conspiracy; "Re-
cent Acquisitions from the Department of Photographs," the first
time a major selection of this new area of the Gallery's holdings was
shown; "Illustrators of the Civil War: Conrad Wise Chapman and
Winslow Homer," which was mounted in conjunction with the Gal-
lery's permanent installation of Civil War period portraits; and "We
Were But a Handful," which opened on the fifty-seventh anniver-
sary of the ratification of the Women's Suffrage Amendment to the
Constitution.
134 / Smithsonian Year 1977
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Mary Cassatt, self-portrait in watercolor, circa 1880,
recently acquired by the National Portrait Gallery.
Jimmy Carter, pencil drawing from life by Jamie Wyeth at
Plains, Georgia, November 1976, was presented to the Na-
tional Portrait Gallery by the Peretz Foundation. Below:
Daguerreotype of President Zachary Taylor and his son-in-
law, Colonel William W. S. Bliss, circa 1847, was purchased
by the National Portrait Gallery with the assistance of funds
provided by the Quaker Oats Foundation.
"Faces of Freedom/' a half-hour film about the history of the
United States as told through portraiture, produced for the Gallery
by Charles Guggenheim and narrated by Charlton Heston, pre-
miered in July and is now being shown daily in a small theater de-
signed especially for that purpose adjacent to the front entrance of
the Gallery.
David E. Finley, a member of the National Portrait Gallery Com-
mission from its inception, and the one person more than any other
responsible for the existence of the Gallery, died on February 1,
1977. A generous bequest by Mr. Finley made possible the acquisi-
tion of a long-sought-after portrait print of Pocahontas by Simon
van de Passe, done in 1616, which is yet another way whereby the
name of David E. Finley will continue to be remembered. Wilmarth
Sheldon Lewis, also one of the first Commissioners of the Gallery,
retired from its membership on August 25, 1976. Mr. Lewis's service
to the Gallery from its earliest days has been invaluable, and we
look forward to many more years of his wise counsel.
Office of Academic Studies
In its role as a leader in the international scholarly community, the
Smithsonian maintains close scholarly ties with universities, mu-
seums, and research institutions around the world. Among the most
important of these connections are the Institution's academic pro-
grams. Through them young scholars come to the Smithsonian,
bringing a refreshing spirit of vitality to the basic research efforts of
the Institution. This continuous infusion of new ideas and enthusi-
asm assists in maintaining a high level of intellectual diversity and
vigor.
With policy direction from the Board of Academic Studies, the
Office of Academic Studies acts as the center through which the
Smithsonian's research activities pursue their academic objectives.
Academic programs reflect the character of the research and collec-
tion strengths of the Smithsonian. They deliberately avoid duplica-
tion of university-based study and research, stressing new perspec-
tives on academic subjects and disciplines not commonly studied in
the university. These programs range from off-campus undergradu-
History and Art I 137
ate studies to traditional postdoctoral research-training fellowships.
They are flexible, giving assistance to individuals who need to study
at the Institution for a few days and to persons who require the
research resources of the Institution for a year or more.
Fellowships are awarded to postdoctoral scholars to spend six
months to one year participating in a program of advanced research
training. Predoctoral Fellows receive appointments for a similar
period to conduct research necessary to complete their dissertations.
During 1976-1977 sixty-nine postdoctoral and predoctoral fellows
were appointed. Students who need to spend a shorter period pur-
suing their research in consultation with the research staff of the
Smithsonian are offered ten-week appointments. During 1976-1977
sixteen such appointments were made. The Office of Academic
Studies also conducts a Short-Term Visitor Program, under which
twenty-two visitors spent one week to a month at the Institution
during the past year.
Smaller academic programs continue to be developed by individ-
ual bureaus of the Institution to meet specific needs that cannot be
met by those Institution-wide programs conducted by the Office of
Academic Studies. In the past year the Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden, the National Zoological Park, and the National
Collection of Fine Arts have continued to conduct specialized aca-
demic programs for undergraduate and graduate students.
A system developed to maintain regular contact with past fellows
has resulted in an index that includes a listing of significant books
and articles resulting from fellows' tenure at the Institution.
A total of 146 individuals participated in the Smithsonian's aca-
demic studies programs during 1976-1977. A listing of individual
names and research projects may be found in Appendix 7.
Office of American and Folklife Studies
The Office of American Studies continued its program in graduate
education throughout the year. The fall 1976 seminar in "Material
Aspects of American Civilization" had as its theme "American Mu-
seums in the Year of the Bicentennial." Taught by the Director of
the Program, Dr. Wilcomb E. Washburn, and Professor Bernard
138 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mergen, of The George Washington University, the course had
twenty-five students.
Other seminars given during the academic year 1976-1977 in-
cluded: "The American Decorative Arts in Historic Preservation,"
taught by Babara Carson; "The Material Culture of Alexandria,
Virginia: 1770-1830," taught by Dennis O'Toole, Curator of Educa-
tion of the National Portrait Gallery; and "American Art and
American History," taught by Lillian Miller, Historian of American
Art and History of the National Portrait Gallery.
Individual students continued to pursue specialized research un-
der the supervision of the Director of the Program.
In November 1976 a Folklife Unit was established at the Smith-
sonian Institution within the Office of American Studies. Concom-
mitantly, the Director of the American Studies Program, Dr. Wash-
burn, was appointed Chairman of the newly established Folklife
Advisory Council, which held its first meeting January 7, 1977. The
Council was established by Secretary Ripley to "advise and guide
the evolution of our documentation, Festival, and other folklife ac-
tivities" at the Smithsonian Institution. Under the guidance of the
Advisory Council, the Folklife Unit staff made major progress to-
ward organizing the documentary materials amassed from the ten
Festivals of American Folklife held by the Smithsonian, and formu-
lated plans for the utilization of these materials in scholarly publi-
cations.
Dr. Washburn spent a month, starting in January, as Regents
Lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley. He also attended
the Second International Reunion of the History of the Art of Navi-
gation and of Hydrography at the invitation of the Documentation
Section of the Brazilian Navy in Salvador, Bahia. Afterward, the
Director attended meetings in Rio de Janeiro of the Instituto Histori-
co e Geografico Brasileiro, of which he is one of two United States
members. In October 1976 he delivered a paper entitled "Reflections
of an Historian about Archives Past and Present with Special Refer-
ence to the United States" at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby,
British Columbia.
History and Art I 139
President Jimmy Carter inspects "Silverworks from Rio de la Plata, Argentina"
exhibition at the Pan American Union Building before addressing a meeting of
the Organization of American States. With him is Rafael Sarda, an OA5
official. "Silverworks from Rio de la Plata, Argentina" is a major international
exhibition being circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition
Service. (Official White House photo)
Smithsonian Year • 1977
MUSEUM PROGRAMS
Two words have often been used to describe museums — "attic" and
"iceberg." It is a moot question whether the word "attic," when it
was used in the nineteenth century, had the pejorative connotations
that we attribute to it today. An attic was once considered a secure
place, a safe spot to house heirlooms, hope chests, or the legacies of
relatives. Yet, the term connotes misuse and underuse; out of sight,
out of mind; reservoirs of obsolescence rather than treasures to be
shared with one's descendants. It evokes unwanted burdens that
lassitude has elbowed out of consciousness. Hence, museums no
longer want to be referred to as attics. What about icebergs? That
terminology arose when it became increasingly evident that the vast
proportion of museum collections, by necessity, could not be exhibi-
ted to the public, either because there was not enough space to do
so properly, as was so often the case, or because collections were
not spectacular enough or were too repetitive to enlighten but a
small percentage of visitors, a special audience that was far more
content to search through drawers and study objects close at hand
in a storeroom, laboratory, or office than in public exhibition spaces
with the attendant interference of glass vitrines and wandering
public.
A great majority of the world's most important museums are ice-
bergs, in that a great proportion of their resources are hidden away
from the general public and are accessible, primarily, to the research
staffs who curate them and who seek out new knowledge with the
occasional assistance of visiting scholars.
The semantic comparison between a museum and an iceberg,
however, falls apart since one expects that an iceberg will melt. The
museum iceberg, on the contrary, far from melting, keeps growing
in an orderly fashion based upon the needs of scholarship, the de-
sire of society to know more about its evolution, and the moral obli-
141
gation to pass the material testimony of the past to future genera-
tions.
The museum iceberg also is not a cold, uninviting environment
but rather one where continuity from one civilization to another can
be traced, and where, in spite of the traumas to which human kind
has been subjected repeatedly over the ages, the evidence can be
found that reason, hope, and creativity can survive. That is the im-
portant message of the collections in our care, that is their seminal
significance for the future, that is why so many of the resources and
so large a portion of the efforts expended on their behalf, which to
an outsider may seem superfluous or even wasteful, are, on the con-
trary, essential if these resources are to be studied adequately, inter-
preted, and transmitted for the benefit of this and future generations.
It is to these ends that the Office of Museum Programs' various
entities are dedicated. In this year following the Bicentennial, all
have shifted from that one momentous series of activities to less
visible but no less necessary tasks.
Perhaps the most important mission carried out during the year
was the Collection Management and Policy Study undertaken by the
Chief Registrar, with the cooperation of the museums. This, for the
first time, attempted to analyze policies and procedures that govern
the acquisition and management of the Institution's collections. The
first phase of this enormous task, made particularly complex by the
variety of the resources involved, has been completed. It will now
be refined to become an instrument to strengthen the governance of
the Institution as well as to provide an example of self-analysis use-
ful to others.
The Libraries are now serving their constituency at a far higher
rate of user satisfaction than heretofore. The leadership of Dr. Rus-
sell Shank, for ten years the Institution's Director of Libraries, is
responsible for this happy state of affairs. Under his direction, the
Libraries grew in resources and service, and its internal organization
was strengthened. It was with regret that we learned that Dr. Shank
had accepted the position of Director of Libraries of the University
of California at Los Angeles. This regret was tinged with pride that
he was receiving such professional and academic recognition in an
area of the country in which he wanted to live. The quality of Dr.
Shank's leadership was further recognized, shortly before his de-
parture, by his election to the presidency of the American Library
Association.
142 / Smithsonian Year 1977
All of the units responsible to the Assistant Secretary for Mu-
seum Programs have refined their procedures and enriched their of-
ferings. Perhaps it would not be inappropriate to pay special tribute
to the Department of Horticulture which, in spite of one of the
harshest winters on record, a small staff, and temperamental sum-
mer weather, has provided visual delight on and around the Mall
and has enriched, with its special green touch, many exhibitions and
other public events. The roots of service grow deep in that depart-
ment and roots, just like icebergs, though out of sight, are as essen-
tial for the ultimate flowerings of plants as reserve collections are
to a museum's ability to provide, through the objects in its care, the
material evidence of mankind's evolution.
Conservation Analytical Laboratory
The Conservation Analytical Laboratory (cal) supports the Institu-
tion's programs by providing conservation service and advice on
many diverse objects in the National Collections.
In cooperation with Conservation Information Programs, cal con-
tinued its educational programs through video-taped conservation-
orientation lectures and its collaboration with the National Bureau
of Standards on a series of seminars on various scientific subjects
related to conservation and archaeometry.
In response to growing demands for information from the public,
a system of continually revised, "standard" answers to questions on
the preservation of objects in every conceivable material was ini-
tiated in February 1977. In six months 150 "hand-outs" were com-
pleted, enabling prompt response to over 500 public questions.
Fulfilling the Institution's commitment to research, cal supported
Dr. James Blackman, a postdoctoral fellow, in the examination of
the obsidian and steatite artifacts from Tall-i Malyan, Anshan, a
mid-4th-to-late-2nd-millenium b.c city in the highlands of south-
western Iran; and Dr. Frederick Fraikor, in the study of the copper,
bronze, and iron objects excavated at Tell Jemmeh, Israel.
Several cal staff members were involved in local, national, and
international activities:
Museum Programs I 143
R. M. Organ, Chief of cal, and Eleanor McMillan, Supervisory
Conservator, participated in the meetings in May of the Interna-
tional Council of Museums in Leningrad and Moscow. Mr. Organ
also lectured in May to the conservators at the International Centre
for Conservation, Rome, where Nikki Horton, Conservator-in-train-
ing at cal, was attending the four-month course, "Fundamental
Principles of Conservation."
Eleanor McMillan and R. M. Organ were lecturers and modera-
tors for a workshop on the Principles of Conservation and Preven-
tive Care organized by the Office of Museum Programs at the
Smithsonian.
Jacqueline S. Olin, Research Chemist, presented a paper at the
Archaeological Chemistry Symposium of the American Chemical
Society meeting in Chicago, Illinois, which was also attended by
Walter Hopwood, Chemist.
Martha E. Goodway presented a paper at the annual meeting of
the American Institute for Conservation, Boston, Massachusetts,
which was also attended by several cal Conservators, each of whom
specializes in a specific field of conservation.
National Museum Act Program
The National Museum Act of 1966 reaffirms the Smithsonian Insti-
tution's traditional role of assisting other museums, and authorizes
the Institution to strengthen its activities of service to them. The
Act directs the Institution to cooperate with museums and their pro-
fessional organizations in a continuing study of museum problems
and opportunities in the United States and abroad; to prepare and
carry out programs for training career employees in museum prac-
tices; to prepare significant museum publications; to perform re-
search on museum techniques; and to cooperate with departments
and agencies of the government concerned with museums. Within
these objectives, emphasis is given to projects dealing with museum
conservation: the study of conservation problems, research leading
to new or improved conservation techniques, and training of mu-
seum conservators.
144 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Eleni Martin, Conservation Aide, is shown operating the fumigation chamber in
the Conservation Analytical Laboratory. Below: At their benches, Conservators Ed
McManus, Mary Lou Garbin, and Greg Byrne work on a variety of objects — an
1876 silver-plated decorative vessel, one of several pairs of turn-of-the-century ice
skates, and one of two large nineteenth-century terra cotta relief panels each of
which depicts a Biblical scene.
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Funds appropriated to the Smithsonian for the implementation of
the National Museum Act are made available primarily by grants
and contracts to museums, nonprofit museum-related organizations
and associations, academic institutions, and individuals employed or
sponsored by eligible organizations. Each year, guidelines describing
the specific grant program offerings and application requirements
are distributed widely to the museum community and institutions
having an interest in the objectives of the National Museum Act.
Applications for support are reviewed and evaluated by an Ad-
visory Council composed of museum professionals who represent a
cross section of museum interests and disciplines as well as various
regions of the United States. Members of the Advisory Council are
appointed to three-year terms by the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution. The members in 1977 were:
Robert Feller, Senior Fellow
National Gallery of Art Research Project
Russell Fridley, Director
Minnesota Historical Society
Bonnie Pitman Gelles
Museum Consultant
Washington, D.C.
Julia Hotton, Assistant Director
Public Affairs and Development
The Brooklyn Museum
Philip S. Humphrey, Director
Museum of Natural History
University of Kansas
Thomas W. Leavitt, Director
Merrimack Valley Textile Museum
Joseph Veach Noble, President
American Association of Museums and
Director, Museum of the City of New York
Richard H. Randall, Director
Walters Art Gallery
Mitchell Wilder, Director
Amon Carter Museum of Western Art
Vernal L. Yadon, Director
Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History
Paul N. Perrot, Chairman
Assistant Secretary for Museum Programs
Smithsonian Institution
146 / Smithsonian Year 1977
In addition to its review and evaluation of applications, the Ad-
visory Council assists with the determination of policies governing
the grant program and with the establishment of standards which
applicants must meet. The Council requires that projects supported
by the National Museum Act must be of substantial value to the
museum profession as a whole, and must contribute to the improve-
ment of museum methods and practices or to the professional
growth of individuals entering or working in the museum field.
In 1977, the National Museum Act received an appropriation of
$790,027. A total of 224 proposals requesting more than $2,800,000
were received and reviewed during the year. The Advisory Council
recommended funding for 82 grants totaling $726,430. Of this
amount, $286,106 was directed to conservation training and research
activities.
A majority of the projects supported in 1977 were associated with
training individuals entering or working in the museum field. This
support has provided approximately 700 persons with an opportuni-
ty to receive theoretical and practical training in various museum
functions, including exhibition, administration, museum education,
conservation, and curation. Among the major conservation projects
supported by the National Museum Act in 1977 was the National
Conservation Advisory Council, a body comprised of leading figures
in the field, which is investigating the current status of museum
conservation in the United States. Initial reports of the ncac examine
the training of conservators, education of users, scientific support,
and conservation facilities, and provide recommendations for the
establishment of a cohesive national conservation program. Another
National Museum Act project related to conservation is being under-
taken by the School of Textiles at North Carolina State University
and involves the study of textile aging and degradation mechanisms.
The results of the study will be invaluable in the development of
systems for preserving textiles in the nation's museums. (A full list
of the projects supported by the National Museum Act is included
in Appendix 3 to this volume.)
Although many of the projects have provisions for publishing
and distributing the results to the profession, the National Museum
Act maintains copies of all project reports in the Museum Reference
Center of the Office of Museum Programs, where they are available
for study and reference.
Museum Programs I 147
Office of Exhibits Central
Highlights of the busy, fruitful year were (1) the Silver Jubilee exhi-
bition which the Office of Exhibits Central (oec) designed, edited,
produced, and installed at the National Museum of History and
Technology in honor of Queen Elizabeth II (and visited by her
daughter Princess Anne), and (2) the international acclaim accorded
the motion-picture unit which received three Emmys — in the Pro-
duction, Direction, and Cinematography/Editing categories — for the
Festival of American Folklife. Celebrating a Century: The Philadel-
phia Centennial Exhibition of 1876, also produced by the motion-
picture unit, is being widely shown and recognized. It, too, is an
award-winner (five awards), as are The Big Cats and How They
Came to Be and Tiger, produced for the National Zoological Park.
Shortly before the Smithsonian subway station was opened, oec
completed the installation of the last in a series of three-dimensional
directories, keyed in six languages to orient and guide Mall visitors.
A major portion of oec's time and talent has supported the Smith-
sonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service. The oec exhibits
editors have edited, and sometimes also written, label and other copy
for virtually all Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Ser-
vice exhibitions — and provided printed labels for most, oec design-
ers, graphics specialists, modelmakers, cabinetmakers, and other
staff members also lent their creative talents to the full schedule of
sites exhibitions.
In addition to sites, oec has provided specialized assistance to vir-
tually every other Smithsonian facility, and to some non-Smithson-
ian activities, ranging from the Botanical Garden to the President's
Commission on Mental Retardation. Exceptional projects have in-
cluded the custom-sculptured mannequin of Mrs. Gerald R. Ford for
the First Ladies Hall, extensive participation in the Festival of
American Folklife, label editing and printing for most National Mu-
seum of History and Technology exhibitions, brochures for the
Smithsonian National Associates Program, and an exhibition for the
reception area at the Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental
Studies.
The freeze-dry laboratory is back in full operation, handling more
than 600 objects during the year. Its scientist, Rolland O. Hower, is
148 / Smithsonian Year 1977
cooperating with Harvard University on improved preservation of
the nation's oldest collection of human pathologic and anatomic ma-
terial, and is working with pathologists at the Memorial Sloan-Ket-
tering Hospital Cancer Center. His manual on the freeze-dry
preservation of biological specimens has been written, reviewed,
edited, and submitted for publication.
Office of Horticulture
Working with the various Smithsonian museums and allied organi-
zations, the Office of Horticulture provided horticultural plantings
for special exhibits and events such as the Inaugural Celebrations at
the John F. Kennedy Center, the Cooper-Hewitt Conservatory, the
exhibition "Paint on Wood" at the Renwick Museum, and the spe-
cial dinner at the National Air and Space Museum commemorating
the fiftieth anniversary of Lindbergh's transatlantic flight. The Office
of Horticulture participated in over two hundred special programs
sponsored by the Institution.
Assisting the Women's Committee of the Smithsonian Associates,
the Office designed and installed plantings for the 1976 "White
Christmas" benefit. Assistance was also provided to the Women's
Committee's fund-raising event at the opening of the Lord & Taylor
store at the new White Flint Mall. All proceeds from this benefit
were donated to the Office of Horticulture for use in the construc-
tion of the mini-garden between the Arts and Industries Building
and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
New plantings in the Victorian Garden, which is located in the
South Yard of the Smithsonian Institution Building, include two
floral beds. This summer five antique cast iron Victorian urns were
added to the garden and planted with a large variety of upright and
trailing tropicals and blooming annuals. Hanging baskets were also
hung from the lamp posts. All trees, shrubs, and bedding plants in
the Victorian Garden are labeled to add educational interest to this
lovely, quiet garden.
Much work has been completed this year on the renovation of the
Office of Horticulture's greenhouse-nursery complex which is leased
from the United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home located at 3700
Museum Programs I 149
N. Capitol Street, N.W. Also located there is the Institution's grow-
ing orchid collection which now includes over 1,000 plants, and all
the state flowers and state trees which were donated by the states
who participated in the Office of Horticulture's Bicentennial project.
These plants will be used for the interior and exterior landscaping
schemes of the Smithsonian museums on the Mall.
A major project, and the first exhibit of the Office of Horticulture
to be displayed outside the Institution, was installed at the Williams-
burg Garden Symposium last March. This exhibit included nine
panels of photographs of Victorian bedding designs, Victorian gar-
den accessories and furniture, and live bedding plants which were
planted in small embroidery parterres similar to those in the Vic-
torian Garden.
The Horticultural Advisory Committee of the Institution met
three times this year to discuss projects and the future development
of the Office of Horticulture, including the Victorian Garden, the
Cooper-Hewitt Conservatory, the grounds at Belmont, the Hirsh-
horn Museum and Sculpture Garden, and the renovation of the
grounds of the National Museum of History and Technology.
Office of Museum Programs
The museum field looks to the Smithsonian Institution as a major
resource for information on the latest developments and up-to-date
practices in museum operations. Through the Office of Museum
Programs, the Institution seeks to provide much-needed assistance
and information.
The Workshop Series provided training for museum personnel
from the United States and abroad through three-, four-, and five-
day workshops at the Institution. The subject matter of the work-
shops includes exhibit preparation, educational management, docent
training, grant solicitation, collection management and maintenance,
evaluation, membership development, budgeting and accounting,
and interpretation. Enrollment for the workshops ranges from
twelve to twenty individuals, representing museums with a wide
geographic distribution. The Office also conducted four on-site
workshops in the Boston area. In addition, the Office of Museum
150 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Programs offered workshops to Smithsonian Institution personnel
on insurance, conservation, label-writing, and lighting.
The Internship Program over the years has offered opportunities
for individual training to 323 United States and foreign museum
employees. It now averages twenty persons a year. Interns serving
in departments and offices throughout the Institution include United
States residents and museum professionals from African, Asian,
European, and South American nations. Internships, without sti-
pend, vary in length from three weeks to two years, although the
average length is three to four months. As with the workshops, the
focus for the internships is museum techniques, and intern assign-
ments may involve assisting with research, collections management,
education, cataloguing, and exhibit preparation.
The Conservation Information Program is charged with develop-
ing audiovisual presentations demonstrating basic principles of mu-
seum conservation. It is further charged with distributing these
presentations throughout the United States and around the world.
The information produced by the Conservation Information Pro-
gram is intended to be used by conservators and students of conser-
vation, or nonconservation personnel (e.g., curators, exhibits spe-
cialists, etc.). Thus, some presentations illustrate approaches to the
treatment of objects, while others attempt to educate the viewers to
the importance of safeguarding collections from negligence, ignor-
ance, or environmental extremes.
The Program has completed a core series of eighty video tapes
orienting museum personnel to the procedures and chemistry of
conservation, plus a selection of eleven slide/audio presentations
and video tapes dealing with specific topics. Each of these eleven
tapes is supported by printed matter which provides preliminary or
supporting information and identifies the sources of that informa-
tion. Since 1974, more than 894 slide shows and 523 packages of
two or four video tapes have been loaned to museums and museum
training organizations. In response to viewer demand, sales of tapes
and slide shows were begun in 1976. To date, fifteen institutions in
the United States, Canada, Australia, Sweden, and Great Britain
have purchased 53 slide shows and 424 video tapes.
Career counseling for people interested in the museum field is a
subsidiary activity of the Office of Museum Programs, along with
the organization of national conferences. Resource materials are
Museum Programs I 151
compiled, and staff serve as consultants for other museum studies
programs. A Museum Evaluation Conference was held in June 1977,
attended by psychologists, evaluators, and museum personnel. The
taped proceedings have been transcribed and will be disseminated.
The Psychological Studies Program provides an increasingly re-
quested service to the Institution's museums, and has attained a
leadership role for its research methodology, and the assembly of
analytical data. There is mounting evidence that museums need to
evaluate the effectiveness of their services and the impact of these
on the visiting public, and to examine their roles as social, cultural,
and educational institutions.
A number of internal studies have been completed on visitor be-
havior, guards, orientation, docent evaluation, exhibitions; and a
consultant service has been developed for other museums which are
involved in evaluation programs. The staff psychologist counsels
and works with staff of Smithsonian Institution museums in their
search to assess the effectiveness of their exhibition and educational
programs.
The Museum Reference Center, a unique working collection of
resources on all aspects of museum operations, is located in the
Office of Museum Programs. It provides reference assistance to
professional museum personnel and researchers throughout the
world. Its files contain up-to-date information on museum organi-
zation, administration and management, legislation, exhibitions,
support services, museum architecture, exhibit design, the history
and philosophy of museums, management of museum collections,
conservation, museum education, and related areas such as experi-
mental, educational, and behavioral psychology.
The Reference Center offers the following services to museum
professionals and qualified researchers within and without the In-
stitution:
Literature searching
Bibliographies on selected subjects
Information on current museum activities
Information on current issues in the profession
Selected materials from Office of Museum Programs workshops
Files on professionals activities and training opportunities
Access to the collection for research use.
The Native American Museum Training Program, initiated in
1977, has been organized in response to increasing requests from
152 / Smithsonian Year 1977
the Native American communities for assistance in establishing,
operating, and maintaining tribal museums in order to preserve
their cultural heritage. Existing avenues of assistance and training in
museology generally have not been available to Native Americans;
this new program is intended to fill this void.
To determine the training needs of Native Americans and coor-
dinate activities designed to meet those needs, the position of
Native American Training Program Coordinator was created, and
Dr. James A. Hanson was appointed to fill it. He serves as liaison
between the Institution's Office of Museum Programs and the
Department of Anthropology, which has had an American Indian
Cultural Resources Training Program (Archives) since 1973, as well
as other involved agencies, and the Native Americans. Over 80
tribes have already built museums or are planning to establish them.
Other tribes have expressed serious interest in having a profession-
ally maintained cultural facility. Practical training in theory and tech-
nique along with consultation and encouragement will be offered.
Part I of the new multifaceted training program will provide for
a pilot series of four seminars at locations easily accessible to sev-
eral native groups. Part II will consist of internships at the Smith-
sonian for periods varying from one to two months, adjusted to
the individual's requirements in conservation, exhibit design and
construction, registration, management and research. Smithsonian
staff will supervise the training activities in their fields of expertise.
Part III will encourage cooperation with museums in other parts of
the country. This can develop into long-range assistance, exchange
of information and, wherever applicable, sharing of resources.
Office of the Registrar
The Institution's major collections policy and management study
dominated activity in the Office this year. Staff members were
heavily involved in data gathering, writing, and editing as well as
in production of interim and final reports.
Coordination of registrarial activities was provided as usual
through the Central Registrar and the Council of Registrars. The
Museum Programs I 153
role of the Council continued to expand during the year. In addi-
tion to regular monthly meetings at which business was transacted
and featured professional discussions were presented, the Council
sponsored various cooperative projects. This year members of the
Council served as instructors in a seminar on museum registration
methods, part of the Workshop Series offered by the Office of
Museum Programs for employees of museums in the United States
and foreign countries. Work on next year's seminar is now under
way, and plans are being developed for an intramural seminar
series for employees of Registrar's offices in Smithsonian bureaus.
The Office itself, while continuing to serve as a clearinghouse
for Council matters, pursued projects of its own at the Institutional
level. Ongoing projects include an inventory of data elements used
in collections management information systems, an analysis of po-
tential subject thesauri, an investigation of how information in
automated files on the various collections might be applied to Insti-
tution-wide needs, and a feasibility study on data processing stand-
ards. Staff members of the Registrar's Office are active in the Mu-
seum Computer Network and the Museum Data Bank Committee.
During the past year they participated in a successful effort to form
a nationwide organization of museum registrars, and to have it rec-
ognized officially as the Registrars Committee of the American
Association of Museums. As a representative from this body, the
Smithsonian Institution Registrar is serving as chairman of an
American Association of Museums subcommittee on future objec-
tives for registrarial personnel in the museum profession. Of par-
ticular interest at the present time are discussions and proposals
concerning world and national heritage trusts. In connection with
the latter of these concepts, the Office submitted a National Heri-
tage Trust Task Force paper on the essential components of our
cultural and natural heritages.
Smithsonian Institution Archives
During the year much staff time was devoted to the preparation
of a new Guide to the Smithsonian Archives. Scheduled for publi-
cation in fiscal year 1978, it contains over 400 entries. Work con-
154 / Smithsonian Year 1977
tinued on the records of the National Museum of Natural History
and the National Museum of History and Technology. A survey of
the manuscript collections of the National Museum of History and
Technology was completed, and the results will be published in a
guide during 1978. A records survey was started in the National
Air and Space Museum.
Major accessions were reviewed from the National Museum of
Natural History, the National Museum of History and Technology,
the National Museum Act Program, the Interdisciplinary Commu-
nications Program, and the Bicentennial Coordinator. Other ac-
cessions of note include the papers of Helmut Buechner, Robert A.
Brooks, Waldo L. Schmitt, Edward A. Preblem, William Mann, and
C. B. Wilson.
The Archives' Oral History Program continued, with emphasis
on the history of the National Museum of Natural History. Thir-
teen interviews, totaling over sixteen hours, were conducted.
Scholars continued to visit the Archives during fiscal year 1977.
Several recent publications have appeared, based at least in part
on material in the Archives. Among them are: Curtis M. Hinsley,
Jr., The Development of a Profession: Anthropology in Washing-
ton, D. C, 1846-1903, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin
at Madison, 1976; Arthur P. Molella, "The Electric Motor, the
Telegraph, and Joseph Henry's Theory of Technological Progress,"
Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
64 (1976): 1273-1278; and Lester D. Stephens, "Evolution and
Woman's Rights in the 1890's: The Views of Joseph LeConte,"
The Historian, 38 (1976) : 239-252.
Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Nineteen hundred seventy-seven was a year of steady growth for
the collections, and of consolidation of the outstanding gains of
recent years, such as the incorporation of the Dibner Library into
the National Museum of History and Technology Rare Book
Room; an opened and fully functioning National Air and Space
Museum Library in its new quarters; increased use of the rapidly
expanding Ohio College Library Center data base of major re-
Museum Programs I 155
searck library holdings for on-line cataloguing, searching and lo-
cating sources of interlibrary loans; increased products from the
Libraries' own automated operation, among them the first listing
of the Libraries' desiderata; a four-year cumulation of the National
Air and Space Museum Bureau Library index to aeronautical peri-
odicals; expansion of reader services offered at the Radiation Biol-
ogy Laboratory, National Zoological Park, and National Museum of
Natural History; and a significant boost to the Libraries' conserva-
tion program.
The increase in numbers of books and journals, while critical to
make up for past neglect, to allow immediate access to literature
by the growing number of researchers at the Institution, and to
accommodate new programs, at the same time compounds the Li-
braries' most serious problem — inadequate space. This year the
Libraries attempted to meet this problem in a number of ways.
Microform sets of journals have been acquired in increasing num-
bers. In some cases, they have replaced sets on active shelves, and
those originals with important illustrations have been transferred
to off-the-Mall shelving where retrieval is possible. The off-the-
Mall shelving area itself (Smithsonian Institution Service Center)
has been weeded of little-used materials and completely reorga-
nized. Released space will accommodate more judiciously selected
material and ease somewhat the crowded Mall shelves. The move
of all journals from the fifth floor, National Museum of History and
Technology Bureau Library, to space on the first floor has reduced
somewhat the crowding on that Library's main fifth floor. In the
National Museum of Natural History, the Division of Mammals'
library collection was given a larger and more convenient area by
the Museum. At the National Zoological Park, a handsome new
library in the Administration Building has released library books
from boxes and offices.
The crowding of people in unexpanding space has also been
relieved somewhat in the Libraries' Acquisitions department. A
study of space utilization and requirements led to a complete reno-
vation of that office and to the installation of space-saving and
more efficient equipment.
In July the Libraries lost its Director of ten years, Russell Shank,
to the University of California at Los Angeles, where he became
University Librarian. Under his leadership, the Libraries grew in
156 / Smithsonian Year 1977
staff, size of collections, number of Bureau libraries, and in the uses
of newer, more responsive technologies. Just before his depar-
ture, Dr. Shank became President-elect of the American Library
Association.
In July Dr. Elaine Sloan, Assistant Director for Management and
Development, left to become Associate University Librarian for
Reader Services at the University of California, Berkeley.
Two in-depth studies were completed during the year: an exam-
ination of the serial system to improve management of the Libra-
ries' 25,000 serial titles, and to make access to them easier and
quicker for the user; and the problem of bibliographic control and
organization of approximately 200,000 trade catalogues in the
National Museum of History and Technology, with the aim of
making this important and valuable source material more easily
available for research. Recommendations resulting from both stud-
ies are under review by the Libraries.
During the year, a statement of present collecting practices for
all Smithsonian Institution Libraries was compiled. It is the first
stage in the drafting of a collection development policy.
The Libraries participated early in the Library of Congress' Co-
operative Machine Readable Cataloging (comarc) project. For co-
marc the Smithsonian Libraries, while creating its own biblio-
graphic record, converts Library of Congress cataloguing to ma-
chine-readable format, permitting the record to be added to the
Library of Congress' immense marc data base.
The temporary facility to house the Dibner Library of the His-
tory of Science and Technology, in the National Museum of His-
tory and Technology, and exhibit some of its treasures, was offi-
cially opened in October 1976. A reception to honor the donor, Dr.
Bern Dibner, was attended by members and friends of the Dibner
family. It was also attended by prominent rare-book librarians,
collectors, dealers, and by Smithsonian representatives.
Several exhibits of Dibner material through the year featured
fifteenth- and sixteenth-century editions of works by notable
Greek scientists of the Athenian and Alexandrian Schools, and
early illustrated books on chemistry, medicine, and natural history.
Staff of the National Museum of History and Technology Li-
brary and of Technical Services are preparing a short-title cata-
logue of the Dibner Library. This will be computer produced and
Museum Programs I 157
allow access to the incunabula and other rarissima of this collec-
tion from a number of approaches: author, title, printer, date, and
place of publication, among others.
The National Air and Space Museum Library completed its first
year in new quarters. Its staff has answered over 600 inquiries a
month from the public, as well as from the curatorial and research
staff. An "open house" was held for librarians and information
scientists in the Washington and Baltimore areas and tours were
organized for library-science schools and aerospace educators. The
Early Birds of Aviation visited the Library during their annual
meeting in Washington. Charles Dollfus, renowned balloonist, auto-
graphed the Library's copy of his rare Histoire de I'Aeronautique.
The Librarian has begun to coordinate the organization and micro-
filming of the research files. These files contain a wealth of historical
documents on famous and little-known aerospace personalities; air-
craft and engine photographs and drawings, space projects and
vehicles; early ballooning and rocketry; industry histories; and
other miscellaneous topics relating to aerospace.
The Bella C. Landauer collection of over 1,500 pieces of aero-
nautical sheet music was recently catalogued by a volunteer. The
New York Times staff photographed several pieces of music about
Charles Lindbergh for the Times Sunday Magazine of May 8, 1977,
a special commemorative issue on the first transatlantic flight in
1927. Time/Life Books also photographed other aeronautical music
for a forthcoming book on flight.
Mrs. Gardiner Fiske of Southern Pines, North Carolina, donated
a folio of six hand-colored prints on the "Moon Hoax" designed
by Italian artists in Naples in 1836. This outstanding gift shows
the human population of the moon as presumed by Sir John Fred-
erick William Herschel. Mrs. Fiske also donated a first edition of
Barthelemy Faujas de Saing-Fond, Description des Experiences de
la Machine Aerostatique de MM. de Montgolfier, Paris, 1783,
which had another first edition bound with it: Jean-Claude Pin-
geron's L' Art de Faire Soi-Meme les Ballons Aerostatiques, Con-
formes a Ceux de M. de Montgolfier, Paris, [1783].
The Radiation Biology Laboratory and National Zoological Park
Bureau Libraries became fully staffed for the first time. The National
Zoological Park Library moved to new expanded and attractive
quarters in the Zoo's Administration Building and assimilated book
158 / Smithsonian Year 1977
collections previously housed in various locations. The Library has
featured some of its rarities in a small exhibit case and is probably
the only library anywhere to have a bejeweled elephant anklet on
permanent display. Its collection of "Zooiana" has been organized
and is beginning to grow again.
Concurrent with the opening of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum in
October 1976, the Picture Library reopened to the staff, and to the
public on an appointment basis after a three-year period of inactiv-
ity. During the winter, the book collection, which had been in
storage for four years, was delivered to the new stacks.
The same week in which the Museum opened, the American
Society of Interior Designers formally donated to the Museum its
library of about 2,000 items, along with a contribution for servic-
ing this collection. House and Garden magazine, in November,
delivered its Color Archives to the Library. A number of other
large gifts helped build the collections during 1977, among them a
donation of books by Alison Harwood, including a copy of A. J.
Downing's The Architecture of Country Houses, 1850, one of the
most important works on nineteenth-century American architecture.
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service
This twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the Smithsonian
Institution Traveling Exhibition Service saw the 1,000th exhibition
begin its tour. At the same time, special program areas, given im-
petus during the Bicentennial, were incorporated into sites' regular
program. The Bicentennial program staff combined with the science
coordinators to become the American Studies Office. The "Interna-
tional Salute to the States" program continues extending sites' im-
portant work with international exhibitions. Physically, sites offices
were relocated from Barney Studio House to the Arts and Industries
Building, consolidating the staff on one floor for the first time.
sites produced twenty-eight new titles, or forty-four new exhi-
bitions, counting duplicates and additional versions. Of these,
twelve opened in Washington, D.C., nine of which were shown in
Smithsonian museums, including "Belgian Gunmaking" at the
National Museum of History and Technology, "22 Polish Textile
Museum Programs I 159
Artists" at the Renwick Gallery, and "Treasures of Cyprus/' "Rails
of the World: Paintings by J. Fenwick Lansdowne/' and "Locks
from Iran: Pre-Islamic to Twentieth Century" at the National
Museum of Natural History.
Among the new American Studies exhibitions beginning their
tours in 1977, two were funded from the Smithsonian Institution
Bicentennial program: "America's First Ladies" and "And Now a
Message ... A Century of American Advertising, 1830-1930."
"The Frederick Douglass Years" and "Black Women: Achievement
Against the Odds" were produced by the Anacostia Neighborhood
Museum with sites staff authoring materials for supplementary
publications. Other new American Studies exhibitions included
"Folk Art and Crafts: The Deep South," "North American Indian
Baskets," and "Space Art from the U.S.S.R."
Exhibitions from foreign sources accounted for nearly half of
the new exhibitions in 1977. Among these were "An American
Inspiration: Danish Modern and Shaker Design," "Hungarian Art
Nouveau," "The Human Form: Sculpture, Prints and Drawings by
Fritz Wotruba," and "Salzburger Feltspiele!" New exhibitions in
the general program included "Bridges : The Spans of North Amer-
ica," "America Underfoot," "Rails of the World: Paintings by J.
Fenwick Lansdowne," and "World Print Competition 77."
At the end of the year, sites was negotiating for thirty-three new
exhibitions from sources as diverse as various Smithsonian bu-
reaus, United States museums and private lenders, and foreign gov-
ernments and museums. Among major exhibitions in the planning
stages are "Impressions/Expressions: Black American Graphics,"
"Kings, Heroes, and Nomads: Pictorial Rugs from the Tribes and
Villages of Persia," "Louis M. Eilshemius" in the Hirshhorn Mu-
seum Collection, and "Treasures of Belgian Jewelry."
sites' annual catalogue of exhibitions, Update, was issued in
April and listed 113 new exhibitions. A quarterly newsletter, Site-
line, introduced in January 1977, highlights sites exhibitions and
their exhibitors. Siteline is mailed out to the 6,000 institutions on
sites' mailing list. Both Update and Siteline are written, edited, and
published by sites staff.
sites' publications program was particularly active. Supplement-
ing new exhibitions were fourteen publications, including major
catalogues such as America Underfoot: A History of Floor Cover-
160 / Smithsonian Year 1977
1
Canadian Ambassador Jack H. Warren opens Smithsonian Institution Traveling
Exhibition Service's exhibition "Rails of the World: Paintings by J. Fenwick Lans-
downe" at the National Museum of Natural History while Secretary Ripley looks on.
Below: Iranian Ambassador Ardeshir Zahedi with the head of the Chinese liaison
office admires the largest lock in "Locks from Iran" exhibition at the opening at the
National Museum of Natural History. This is another of the many exhibitions being
circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service.
ings from Colonial Times to the Present, The Human Form: Sculp-
ture, Prints and Drawings by Fritz Wotruba, Locks from Iran: Pre-
Islamic to Twentieth Century, and Treasures of Cyprus.
Several innovations were introduced in the educational program.
Exhibitors scheduled to receive the show were invited to Washing-
ton, D.C, for a workshop on "Belgian Gunmaking" while the ex-
hibition was shown at the National Museum of History and Tech-
nology. A similar workshop was held in relation to "Treasures of
Cyprus." Roundtable discussion groups consisting of outside ad-
visors helped sites to plan content for brochures being prepared
for "America's First Ladies" and "Images of Aging in America."
Suggestions for curriculum development using sites exhibitions
with school programs were devised by the Office of American and
Folklife Studies.
sites continued its cooperation with George Washington Uni-
versity's Museum Education program, and staff members attended
and participated in various national and regional conferences. In
addition to travels to cities throughout the United States to nego-
tiate for exhibitions and inspect those on tour, the staff traveled to
France, Belgium, The Netherlands, Italy, Canada, Hungary, Fin-
land, Russia, and Poland, for exhibition development purposes and
to attend international museum meetings.
Totals for period October 1, 1976, through September 30, 1977
Number of bookings 790
Number of states served 49
Estimated audience 6,464,000
Exhibitions (including duplicates) listed in last Update
(catalogue of sites exhibitions) 213
Exhibitions produced for tour during the year (includ-
ing duplicates and additional versions) 44
Exhibitions beginning tours October 1, 1976, through
September 30, 1977
America Underfoot: A History of Floor Coverings from Colonial Times
to the Present
America's First Ladies (3 duplicates)
162 / Smithsonian Year 1977
An American Inspiration: Danish Modern and Shaker Design
And Now a Message ... A Century of American Advertising 1830-
1930 (3 duplicates)
Arne Jacobsen: Danish Architect and Designer
Artists, Authors, and Others: Drawings by David Levine
Belgian Gunmaking and American History
Black Women: Achievement Against the Odds (4 duplicates)
Bridges: The Spans of North America
A Cartoon History of United States Foreign Policy 1776-1976 (3
duplicates)
Divine Favors, Human Vows: Milagros from Puerto Rico
Folk Art and Crafts: The Deep South (3 duplicates)
Folk Woodcuts of Brazil's Northeast
The Frederick Douglass Years (6 duplicates)
The Hidden World of Misericords
The Human Form: Sculpture, Prints and Drawings by Fritz Wotruba
Hungarian Art Nouveau
Images of Old Age in America
Locks from Iran: Pre-Islamic to Twentieth Century
North American Indian Baskets
Oliphant: Paintings and Cartoons
Rails of the World: Paintings by J. Fenwick Lansdowne
Salzburger Festspiele!
Space Art from the U.S.S.R.
Terminal, Station and Depot
Treasures of Cyprus
22 Polish Textile Artists
World Print Competition 77: Selections from the Exhibition
Museum Programs I 163
i I *fi
The Anacostia Neighborhood Museum observed its tenth anniversary on September
15, 1977. Opening ceremonies ten years earlier, on September 15, 1967, are shown
above, with Secretary Ripley listening as Alton Jones, head of the Anacostia Mu-
seum's Advisory Council, addresses the audience. Below. Secretary Ripley addresses
friends and well-wishers at the Museum's tenth anniversary celebration.
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Smithsonian Year . 1977
PUBLIC SERVICE
There have been several organizational changes in Public Service.
The Folklife Unit, for the past ten years a part of the Division of
Performing Arts, was reassigned to the Office of American Stud-
ies, under the Assistant Secretary for History and Art. The Office
of Public Affairs was moved to the newly created Office of Coordi-
nator of Public Information.
A major effort in 1977 was the Publishing Task Force, which
was set up under the supervision of James Page and charged with
the responsibility of examining whether it would be feasible for
the Institution to enter into a serious commitment to the publica-
tion of books which would appeal to a broad general public. The
methods used by the Publishing Task Force to accomplish their
goal included such things as test mailings and market surveys. The
result to date is the publication of a new book about the Smith-
sonian called The Smithsonian Experience. The book is being of-
fered for sale primarily through the National Associates. With over
300 photographs, many of them in color, and fascinating accom-
panying text, it will provide enjoyment and enlightenment to thou-
sands of people. This program is monitored closely by the Regents.
Another venture of a similar nature is the development and pro-
duction of a recorded collection of the work of superb jazz per-
formers and performances; it is the only collection of its kind in
existence and, thus, has long merited the kind of marketing atten-
tion it is now receiving. Musical historians and critics, jazz buffs,
and jazz lovers, as well as people who simply love good music well
performed and faithfully recorded, have acclaimed this collection.
Telecommunication has opened new windows to a widespread
public by laying the groundwork for two possible television series
to be carried over the Public Television Network. One of these is
165
currently being test-marketed, while the other is in a more embry-
onic stage of development. Much credit is due to the National Asso-
ciates Board for its supportive interest in this outreach program.
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
On September 15, 1977, the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
celebrated its tenth anniversary with a reception held at the Mu-
seum. Exactly ten years earlier, Secretary Ripley had predicted that
the opening of the Museum would prove "truly an important event
in the history of museums. Together," he had said, "we must con-
tinue to explore the seemingly limitless possibilities that this dis-
covery calls out to us." On September 15 of this year, with Museum
Director John R. Kinard and other dignitaries, the Secretary took
part in the celebration of that exploration.
Situated in the Anacostia section of southeast Washington, the
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum represents the Mall-based Smith-
sonian Institution to area residents who might otherwise have no
contact with this aspect of the cultural life of the nation's capital.
Its programs and exhibitions are designed for the needs and inter-
ests of the Anacostia community, yet as a museum of the Smith-
sonian its exhibitions reach national and even international audi-
ences. Two examples of such exhibits are "Blacks in the Westward
Movement" and "The Frederick Douglass Years" which, through
the Smithsonian's Traveling Exhibition Service, have traveled in
the past two years to museums, libraries, and college galleries in
over thirty states. A third show, "Black Women: Achievement
Against the Odds" was designed in the Museum's Exhibits Design
and Production Center and is also circulated nationally by sites
and internationally through the United States Information Agency.
In its effort to establish itself as a center for ethnic studies, the
Museum has begun an acquisition program in its Research Center.
The Museum has also encouraged graduate students and scholars
to participate in its internship programs. In the past year, two stu-
dents— one from Sierra Leone, West Africa, the other from the
Texas State Historical Commission — gained practical experience
and college course credits while working in the Research Center.
166 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm is the first speaker in the Minority Women Speak
Lecture Series launched under the auspices of the Anacostia Neighborhood Mu-
seum's Education Department. Below: Children visiting the Museum intensify that
learning experience at a learning center operated by the Education Department.
Believing that the Smithsonian has a significant role to play in
attracting minorities to employment opportunities in major muse-
ums around the country, seven trainees have completed the first
phase of their participation in the Anacostia Neighborhood Mu-
seum's exhibits training program. Chosen from one hundred appli-
cants, these seven trainees spent six weeks learning such skills as
exhibit design and fabrication and silk-screening followed by ten
weeks of training in other museums of the Institution. They at-
tended seminars, lectures, and workshops conducted by Institution
scholars, and other professionals from the private sector. They are
presently being placed in museum-related jobs in the Washington
area. Three other trainees received jobs early in the program. In-
valuable experience was gained as trainees were involved in the pro-
duction of the Museum's major exhibit for 1977, "The Anacostia
Story 1608-1930."
"The Anacostia Story" opened in March 1977. It was accom-
panied by a 158-page catalogue and narrative history which was
published by the Smithsonian Institution Press a month earlier.
Both the exhibit and the catalogue were the culmination of four
years of effort by the Museum's staff. Members of the Anacostia
community played an important role in the creation of "The Ana-
costia Story," donating artifacts, books, photographs, and other
memorabilia, but, even more importantly, donating their time and
their memories of Anacostia's rich history. These recollections
were recorded and now form the nucleus of the Museum's oral
history archives. Such community involvement in the production
of a major exhibit distinguishes the Anacostia Neighborhood Mu-
seum from all other Museums in the Smithsonian complex.
Still another outgrowth of work on "The Anacostia Story" was
the development of the Anacostia Historical Society. Composed of
over two hundred Anacostia residents, during the past year the
Society has sponsored lectures and other events in an efrort to
revive old Anacostia's cultural traditions. The Society continues to
be one of the main links between the Museum and the Anacostia
community.
Other ties between the Museum and area residents have been
established by the Education Department, which conducted a varie-
ty of workshops and seminars during the past year. Audiences for
both ranged from preschool teachers to college groups to groups
168 / Smithsonian Year 1977
of children. The Department launched its "Minority Women Speak"
lecture series with a presentation by Congresswoman Shirley Chis-
holm and, with the aid of a museum intern, established a learning
center for groups visiting the Museum. With the Research Center
and Exhibits Center, the Education Department continued over the
past year "to explore the seemingly limitless possibilities" that the
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum offers.
Division of Performing Arts
To open its eleventh year of presentations, the Division of Per-
forming Arts (dpa) produced an evening of the music of Duke
Ellington as part of the United States in the World International
Conference. Performed by members of the New York Jazz Reper-
tory Company, the concert featured the Ellington masterpiece,
Black, Brown and Beige.
The 1976-1977 winter concerts were organized in eight series:
Jazz Heritage, Jazz Connoisseur, Country Guitar, The Blues, Amer-
ican Popular Song, Theater Chamber Players, Music from Marl-
boro, and a series in conjunction with the Division of Musical In-
struments (dmi) of the Museum of History and Technology.
Within these series, artists such as Tony Bennett, Willie Dixon,
Vic Dickenson and Benny Morton, Art Blakey, Les Paul, Leon
Fleisher, the Viola Da Gamba Trio of Basel, and some sixty others,
performed intimate and informal concerts, free workshops, and
open rehearsals offering a rich sampling of America's diverse mu-
sical heritage.
Scaling down from the massive Bicentennial Festival of Ameri-
can Folklife, the Division turned toward the Museums on the Mall
to find a new presentational format.
On the occasion of the 1977 Inauguration of President Carter,
the Institution was asked to produce events that would contribute
to the general festivities and that would be free and open to the
public. The Division of Performing Arts, working with the Mu-
seum of History and Technology, Museum of Natural History, Air
and Space Museum, Hirshhorn Museum, National Collection of
Fine Arts, and National Portrait Gallery, produced eighty-two con-
Public Service I 169
certs in five days (January 18-22) that were held in informal spaces.
The musical range, from the Sambistas de Rio to Japanese koto
music, from The Seldom Scene (country music) to Sweet Honey in
the Rock (contemporary Black ballad singing), offered the familiar
and the exotic. Crowds of over 130,000 attended the events and
reacted with enthusiasm. Feedback from museum directors and
staff suggested that the music in the galleries served to enhance
both the collections and the performances.
Drawing upon this experience, the Division was asked by the
Museum of History and Technology to produce live entertainment
for a two-week Spring Celebration, coinciding with the Easter va-
cation break and Cherry Blossom season. Performances were held
at the Mall entrance to the Museum and around the Pendulum
area, and concentrated on presentations of talent from within the
Greater Washington area.
For the Fourth of July weekend, the Division, again working
with the Museum of History and Technology, offered an old fash-
ioned Independence Day Celebration, complete with high-wheel
bike riders, clowns, mimes, brass bands, old-fashioned social danc-
ing, and a special appearance by Uncle Sam. Press coverage stressed
the timeliness of such nostalgic presentations.
Increasingly in the 1976-1977 season, the Division worked with
other areas of the Institution to present performances and special
events. Programmatic liaison ranged from producing full events for
the Museum of History and Technology to producing a special
weekend of twentieth-century piano music for the Hirshhorn Mu-
seum, to production and publicity support for the National Associ-
ates' outreach program. Together, the Division of Performing Arts,
the National Smithsonian Associates, and the Division of Musical
Instruments produced the tour of the Smithsonian Chamber Players,
presenting twenty concerts and twenty-one workshops for National
Associates in Denver, Detroit, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Peoria,
Portland, and Seattle.
Such programs have two goals: to add meaning and context to
the exhibits and special events, and to stimulate public awareness of
and interest in the traditional activities of the museums.
The eighth year of the DPA-operated Puppet Theater featured the
Nicolo Marionettes as the resident company, with productions of
Around the World in 80 Days, Peter and the Wolf, Beauty and the
170 / Smithsonian Year 1977
1
Country, blues, gospel, and American popular songs filled the air at the Museum
of History and Technology during the Spring Celebration which coincided with
cherry blossom time in Washington. Here, local songstress Ronnie Wells receives a
bouquet for her performance. Below, The Smithsonian Chamber Players with James
Weaver, Director, performed at the Smithsonian and on a National Associate tour
featuring concerts of American Music of the Federal Period.
Teachers study colonial objects during Office of Elementary and Secondary Educa-
tion's workshop on museum teaching methods. Below. Teachers work with natural
history specimens during a recent methods workshop sponsored by the Office of
Elementary and Secondary Education.
Beast, and The Magic Flute, which music critic Irving Lowens re-
viewed as working better with puppets than with real people.
The African Diaspora Program, the area of dpa concerned with
black cultural materials, conducted several educational and cultural
missions. A project with the Arlington County Humanities Pro-
gram took stories, songs, and other black American cultural ma-
terials into fourteen schools in the County. Phase II of this project,
co-sponsored by the University of Virginia, offered a graduate-
level course taught by the African Diaspora Staff and Advisory
Committee on Arts in the Classroom. Dr. Bernice Reagon was pro-
gram director for a pilot project, a Festival in the Georgia Sea
Islands, featuring Georgia black American cultural traditions, on
August 20 and 21. Mrs. Rosie Hooks was a member of the United
States delegation to the Second World Black and African Arts
Festival in Lagos, Nigeria, and later was responsible for the Wash-
ington component of a national tour of a cultural mission from
Gambia. Dr. Reagon was invited by the Government of Cuba as a
member of a cultural mission of black artists and scholars, and
subsequently organized the Smithsonian reception for Los Papines,
the first cultural group to come from Cuba since the revolution.
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
During fiscal year 1977 the Office of Elementary and Secondary
Education (oese) continued to grow with new programs and in new
directions.
Art to Zoo — a four-page publication to promote the use of mu-
seums, parks, libraries, zoos, and other community resources —
was distributed to over eight hundred teachers nationally, and
prompted many favorable comments from readers. "Art to Zoo is
just marvelous!" writes a fourth-grade teacher in Pittsfield, Massa-
chusetts. "Sometimes I feel that I am stuck in a rut and have no
imagination at all . . . then something like this comes in the mail
and I feel rejuvenated and alive again." In conjunction with this
publication, oese's first regional teachers' workshop was offered in
Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Over seven hundred teachers from two
school systems joined oese and thirteen cultural institutions in the
Public Service I 173
Lancaster area for a day-long series of workshops, demonstrations,
and exhibits. During the 1977-1978 school year such workshops
will continue, and the Art to Zoo mailing list will be increased in
size to include 30,000 teachers.
In collaboration with the National Portrait Gallery, oese staff
worked with four Washington-area schools to help third- through
sixth-graders set up classroom museums on subjects relating to
their curriculums. These subjects were: Family History, Greek Art
and Architecture, The Animals of Maryland, and The Civil War.
The project has been thoroughly documented; one result will be a
slide package for national distribution, showing how others can
create — with maximum educational profit — a full-fledged museum
in their classrooms from materials readily at hand.
On the local level, in keeping with its responsibility to encour-
age cooperation and exchange of information among the Smith-
sonian education offices, and between those offices and the District
of Columbia schools, oese continues to offer a number of programs
that have proven successful in the past. The first of these involves
two publications designed specifically for a local audience — Let's
Go (a monthly newsletter) and Learning Opportunities for Schools
(an annual brochure) — which inform teachers of the ever growing
variety of Smithsonian services available to young people and
suggest ways of using museums as educational resources. These
publications are sent free to over thirteen hundred area schools.
Also especially for local teachers is "Teacher's Day," held an-
nually. This year, Teacher's Day brought more than a hundred
Washington-area teachers and Smithsonian education staff to-
gether for an informal program of special activities, including an
introduction to educational materials developed by the Education
Office at the National Zoo.
Local teachers are also reached through an oese workshop and
seminar program, now in its sixth year. During fiscal 1977 approxi-
mately two thousand teachers participated in OESE-sponsored work-
shops and seminars, including three summer (1977) courses en-
abling the development of curriculum units based on Smithsonian
resources. The workshops vary in length and format, but all are
designed to help teachers use the Smithsonian and other commu-
nity resources to maximum advantage in their classrooms.
As a result of a series of regular meetings with District of Co-
174 / Smithsonian Year 1977
lumbia Public Schools' Superintendent Vincent Reed and his staff,
members of the Smithsonian's education staff are now better able
to meet the curricular needs of the District Schools. These meet-
ings, which will continue during the 1977-1978 school year, have
given the Office an opportunity to expand its programs into adult
education, special education, and teacher workshops.
In 1977, oese sponsored its third annual program for summer
interns. This year Intern '77 brought twenty-six promising high
school seniors from rural and inner-city communities to the Smith-
sonian to engage in learning and service projects. The students
worked under the guidance of curatorial and technical staff mem-
bers in various parts of the Institution. A grant from the DeWitt
Wallace/Reader's Digest Scholarship Fund made this effort possible.
Other important oese activities include: (1) the chairing of a spe-
cial Smithsonian committee for handicapped individuals, which
works to promote equal opportunities and access to exhibition gal-
leries and education programs for handicapped visitors and em-
ployees; (2) a resource center, which lends to education staff
throughout the Institution printed and audiovisual materials relat-
ing to museum education; and (3) a Docent Roundtable, which
enables volunteer guides (docents) for the various Smithsonian mu-
seums to learn of the work of their colleagues and to discuss mat-
ters of common concern.
The oese staff seeks to expand the scope and understanding of
the professional museum educator, through participation in na-
tional and regional conferences and workshops. To this end, pro-
grams were presented at the Southeast Conference meeting of the
American Association of Museums, an American Association of
State and Local History workshop on Museum Education, and the
Northeast Conference of the National Council for the Social Stud-
ies, oese staff members also helped to plan and teach seminars on
Docent Training, Museum/School Relations, and Museum Interpre-
tation given at the Smithsonian by the Office of Museum Programs.
Office of Smithsonian Symposia and Seminars
To the spirited strains of the McLain Family Band of Berea, Ken-
tucky, playing for the first time in public — in honor of Flag Day —
Public Service I 175
H i M
Facing page, upper: Mrs. Jimmy Carter speaks at the formal opening ceremony
on June 14, 1977, of "Kin and Communities: The Peopling of America," the
Smithsonian's sixth international symposium. In the foreground, Alex Haley,
Dr. Margaret Mead, and Secretary Ripley await their turns to address the audi-
ence. Facing page, lower: Secretary Ripley and Senator Humphrey respond to
enthusiastic applause after presentation of the Smithsonian's Joseph Henry
Medal. Below: Members of the McLain Family Band, one of the nation's fore-
most bluegrass groups, which has toured the world playing to the delight of
capacity crowds in some forty-five countries and which played at the opening
of the symposium "Kin and Communities: The Peopling of America."
their rendition of The Stars and Stripes Forever, the Institution's
sixth international symposium was inaugurated on June 14, 1977,
at the Kennedy Center's Eisenhower Theater. Mrs. Jimmy Carter,
Mrs. Walter Washington, Alex Haley, and Dr. Margaret Mead
addressed a capacity audience prior to Secretary Ripley's presen-
tation of the Joseph Henry Medal to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey
for distinguished service to the Smithsonian as a former Regent.
These opening ceremonies officially ushered in a sequence of events
in connection with which Dr. Mead, the symposium's chairperson,
stated:
"Families always have been part of some kind of larger com-
munity, and only rarely could they exist alone for any length
of time. Is there any viable alternative to the family as a set-
ting in which children can be reared successfully to become
capable and responsible adults? Should we aim at some wholly
new social invention?"
This was the issue addressed by the "Kin and Communities:
The Peopling of America" program, spanning several years of de-
velopment as an educational adjunct of the total Bicentennial pe-
riod (1976-1979), wherein discovery and rediscovery of personal
roots will help redefine one's own American experience. High-
lighted in the formal souvenir program to the symposium were
articles by Eli N. Evans, "How To Interview Your Grandparents,"
and by James W. Symington, "A Tale of Two Families (And One
City)," to illustrate the living growth of American culture and how
it has influenced our common history. Distinguished contributors
to the symposium, in addition to the foregoing, included authors
Elizabeth Janeway, Man's World, Woman's Place; Amaury de
Riencourt, Sex and Power in History; Wyatt Cooper, Families: A
Memoir and A Celebration; Edward B. Fiske, education editor for
the New York Times; Bernard Bailyn; John Demos; and many
others. In addition to the larger sessions at which formal papers
were presented, there were colloquia, public panels, workshops,
and working groups. Materials from all the meetings will be incor-
porated into a formal published volume to be edited by Allan J.
Lichman and Joan Challinor, both of the Department of History,
American University. A committee of some thirty national advisors
served as counsel to the office in developing the overall activities.
178 / Smithsonian Year 1977
The symposium week closed with an old-fashioned family-style
picnic at the National Zoo, during which even a thunderous down-
pour could not dampen the spirits of those enjoying the evening's
camaraderie.
Supplementing the office's responsibilities on the Mall, the Di-
rector, Dr. Wilton Dillon, represented the Smithsonian at the con-
ference on "Science and World Affairs" sponsored by the Pugwash
Movement in August 1977 at Munich. Throughout the year Dr.
Dillon also spoke before other outside groups, among them Teach-
ers College, Columbia University, on behalf of the Institution and
his own anthropological research into intergenerational education
and the human life cycle.
Office of Telecommunications
In its first full year as a separate unit, the Office of Telecommuni-
cations, as the responsible division for all Smithsonian activities in
television, radio, and films, moved forward on a number of projects.
The Office developed and produced a new official film overview of
the Smithsonian with Secretary Ripley as the host/narrator, and
completed, in the role of co-producer, a film dealing with the Na-
tional Museum of Natural History with Orson Welles as narrator.
Also, the Office assisted in the production of a CBS-TV network
special on the Pyramids, and negotiated rebroadcast for the NBC-
TV network of the popular Smithsonian Special of the previous
year, Monsters! Mysteries or Myths?
Two major projects designed for public television progressed to
the point where one of them, a new version of What in the
World, moved into the videotape pilot phase; and the other,
Smithsonian World, a monthly television magazine, is in the stage
of seeking an underwriter.
Among other activities, the Office produced a new 30-second
television public service announcement patterned after last year's
prize-winning Bicentennial "spots" for nationwide distribution;
filmed and recorded for archival purposes many Smithsonian events;
and fulfilled numerous requests from television, film, and radio pro-
ducers for assistance with coverage of happenings throughout the
Public Service I 179
Institution. Radio Smithsonian, the Institution's national weekly
radio program, continued its growth with a revised, expanded for-
mat, at the same time increasing its coverage to more than fifty
stations.
Smithsonian Institution Press
During the year the Smithsonian Institution Press published 203
publications with federal appropriations totaling $354,981.34, in-
cluding such notable books as The Thomas Eakins Collection of the
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Gardens; Americas: Decorative
Arts in Latin America in the Era of the Revolution; Perfect Likeness;
The Art Crusade; The Musical Instruments of Joseph Haydn: An
Introduction; and The Anacostia Story. Among the significant scien-
tific monographs published by the Press were The Walakpa Site,
Alaska: Its Place in the Birnik and Thule Cultures; Traditional Pot-
tery Techniques of Pakistan: Field and Laboratory Studies; Science
and Instrument-makers : Michelson, Sperry, and the Speed of Light;
and Comparative Ethology of the Large-spotted Genet (Genetta
tigrina) and Some Related Viverrids. In addition, the Press pub-
lished The Red Alga Polysiphonia (Rhodomelaccae) in the Northern
Gulf of California and is awaiting delivery from the printer of Astro-
naut Observations from the Apollo-Soyuz Mission, the first publi-
cations of the two new "Smithsonian Contributions" series which
were initiated in fiscal year 1977 — "Smithsonian Contributions to
the Marine Sciences," and "Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space."
The Press and the Superintendent of Documents shipped, on order
and to subscribers a total of 167,000 publications including books,
art catalogues, brochures, and miscellaneous items; 100 records
were distributed.
In addition to these, the Press published and marketed nine trade
books during the year, bringing its total inventory to 168,561 books
valued at $290,437 published with Smithsonian trust funds. Smith-
sonian best sellers in 1977 were Zoobook, Rauschenberg, Washing-
ton on Foot, The Golden Door, Peoples and Cultures of Ancient
Peru, and America as Art.
External arrangements of interest have included a contract with
Macmillan of Canada to distribute Smithsonian Institution Press
180 / Smithsonian Year 1977
books in that country, an agreement with British Museum Publica-
tions Ltd. to co-publish a book on George Catlin's artistic and
scholarly interest in American Indian pipes, acceptance by both the
Book-of-the-Month Club and the Playboy Book Club of the Press'
forthcoming The Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics as
one of their alternate selections, and selection by the National Wild-
life Federation of Zoobook for their Christmas 1977 catalogue.
Noteworthy Press activities within the Smithsonian family have
included publications for the Woodrow Wilson International Center
for Scholars of the first of an important series, Scholars' Guide to
Washington, D. C. for Russian/ Soviet Studies, and substantial
progress toward editorial and design completion of the Archives
of American Art's massive Bibliography of the Arts in America, a
unique scholarly achievement for which the manuscript alone will
exceed 20,000 pages. A rewarding collaboration between the Press
and the National Capital Planning Commission resulted in a publi-
cation of unusual significance — Worthy of the Nation: The History
of Planning for the National Capital. This book, written by Fred-
erick Gutheim, is the culmination of many years of preparation by
the National Capital Planning Commission as one of its major
Bicentennial projects.
A continuing flow of awards attested to the quality of Smith-
sonian and Smithsonian Institution Press books. Most notable was
selection of America as Art as one of five finalists in the History
Division of the prestigious National Book Awards. In addition, two
Smithsonian Institution Press editors received 1977 National Asso-
ciation of Government Communicators Blue Pencil Awards, while
two Press books, The Golden Door and The Edge of the Forest,
were among the thirty university press books accepted on the
basis of excellence in design for the Association of American Uni-
versity Presses' 1977 Bookshow, which is exhibited nationwide;
Zoobook was awarded a gold medal.
Smithsonian Magazine
The official magazine of the Institution continued, in its seventh
year, with increasing financial and critical success, to follow the
Public Service I 181
original instructions of the Secretary, which were to publish mate-
rial in which the Smithsonian Institution is interested or might be
interested. What follows are the important areas of subject matter
with examples of outstanding articles.
Science (hard and natural): traveling faster than light; a two-part
article on the nature and activities of the controversial Corps of
Engineers; limb regeneration; the fight to save the porpoise; South-
ern Hemisphere telescopes which widen the field of astronomy;
space shuttle; life in a DNA lab; articles (coal, water power, and
solar cells) in three successive issues on vitally needed energy; a
two-part article on the indispensible biosphere and the link, in the
Western Hemisphere, between the Amazon and Mckenzie basins.
Art: national tour of King Tut exhibit; Alexander Calder, Amer-
ica's Matisse/ Picasso; Thracian gold; France's new national mu-
seum, the Pompidou.
History: Joseph Needham's monumental series on China; two-
part article on Supreme Court (living history); Pevsner's great
mansions of England; construction of Lincoln statue; two-part
article on Brady, the first great war (Civil) photographer.
A new circulation guarantee of 1,500,000 was established on
March 1, 1977, up from a previous guarantee of 1,000,000 and an
Audit Bureau of Circulation figure of 1,250,000 for June 1976. Ad-
vertising pages increased to 775 pages for the year ending June 30,
1977, as compared to 730 for the preceding year. Gains, not yet
computed, were maintained up to the end of the new fiscal year,
September 30. That Smithsonian magazine distribution is nation-
wide is shown by the fact that there are more Associate members in
California than there are in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area.
Figures on magazine profits were released by the Secretary: more
than $2.9 million for fiscal year 1976.
The magazine became an integral part of the Cooper-Hewitt
membership organization as it had previously become a benefit of
Resident Association membership. It gave substantial assistance to
the new Woodroiu Wilson Quarterly. It cooperated with other di-
visions and departments in calling the attention of its public to the
products of the Division of Performing Arts, Photographic Serv-
ices, the Air and Space Museum, the Museum Shops, and the
Smithsonian Press.
182 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Smithsonian Resident Associates
The Smithsonian Resident Associate Program was established in
1965 by Secretary Ripley to provide the opportunity for residents
of the greater Washington area to participate actively in the life of
the Institution. The Program seeks to achieve this goal through an
extensive range of quality educational activities that are consonant
with the research, collections, and exhibitions of the Institution.
These activities include classes in the arts, sciences, humanities,
and studio arts; study tours within the Smithsonian bureaus and
nearby complementary facilities, as well as pertinent overnight
tours, lectures, symposia, seminars, film series, exhibition previews,
outdoor festivals, art poster projects, and performing arts events.
The Program's focus throughout fiscal year 1977 was on main-
taining the quality of its educational offerings and continuing to
ensure efficient and thoughtful service to members. While no
growth was sought, and no membership promotions utilized, the
number of memberships rose to 44,000 as of September 1977, a net
gain of about 3,500 over the previous summer. (Memberships may
be categorized as individual, double, family, and contributing.)
The year was marked by an intensification of cooperation with
Smithsonian bureaus as the Program sought to enhance the knowl-
edge and appreciation of the Institution's collections, exhibitions,
research, and curatorial interests. For example, the National Col-
lection of Fine Arts was host to two member openings during the
year: the walkthrough of the "Robert Rauschenberg Retrospec-
tive," and a preview of the exhibition "Painting and Sculpture in
California: The Modern Era."
In addition to cooperating with Washington organizations, the
Program works to foster civic awareness and interest in the im-
mediate community of which the Smithsonian is part. One of the
Program's long-range goals has been to engage the interests of a
broader spectrum of Washingtonians and to make the Program
accessible to a wider range of age, interest, and ethnic groups. The
Young Associate scholarship program, now funded directly out of
the Program's budget, enables some one hundred and fifty inner-
city youngsters from thirty D.C. schools to participate tuition-free
Public Service I 183
Resident Associates tour historic Congressional Cemetery, where composer John
Philip Sousa, Civil War photographer Matthew Brady, and seventy-five Congress-
men and fifty-six Senators are buried. Historian Ruth Ann Overbeck led the walk-
ing tour. Below, left: Students in a Resident Associate studio art class learn tech-
niques of figure drawing from life with instructor Ann Purcell (standing far right).
Right: Kite flyers at the Resident Associate Program's Annual Smithsonian Kite
Festival pose with a tetrahedral kite of the type with which Alexander Graham Bell
experimented.
in Young Associate classes and programs each year. The Program
is also currently working with the District of Columbia Board of
Recreation to allocate tuition-free scholarships to Resident Asso-
ciate adult classes for Washington residents who are now taking
part in adult education classes in the public school system. In an
effort to attract more blacks and more Spanish-speaking members,
the Program has engaged Charles Hobson, Program Director,
WETA radio, to develop programs and activities geared to minority
interests.
The Young Associate Program extends the resources of the Insti-
tution to members' children (as well as scholarship children)
through classes and special events. The Program offers learning
experiences appropriate to specific age groups, ranging from four
to eighteen. This year membership was extended to young people
up to age twenty-one to enable college age dependents to attend
family activities without the necessity of individual memberships.
There are almost six thousand family memberships, and special
activities are regularly geared to family participation. The annual
Zoo nights, the Boomerang and Kite Festivals, which were particu-
larly well-attended this year, are family highlights, in addition to
farm excursions, train trips, fossil digs, and canal trips. Over thirty
family activities were scheduled in fiscal year 1977, not including
special activities for the children of family members. As an exam-
ple of the seriousness with which Young Associate courses are
now regarded in the city, George Washington University extended
course credit to students in a class on "Community Resources" for
their participation as interns in Resident Associate classes for
young people.
Over two hundred and fifty volunteers work for the Resident
Associate Program on a regular basis, assisting at special events,
monitoring classes, and performing office duties. The Program's vol-
unteers frequently offer their time to other Smithsonian bureaus, as
they did in June when they served as monitors for the Office of
Smithsonian Symposia and Seminars' symposium on "Kin and
Communities: The Peopling of America." Over one hundred and
forty-five volunteers have been presented with certificates of ap-
preciation, signed by Secretary Ripley, to offer further thanks for
special help.
Public Service I 185
Visitor Information and Associates' Reception Center
The Visitors Information and Associates' Reception Center, now
in its seventh year, continues to expand its role of providing infor-
mation and service to the Institution, the public, and Associate
Members.
Notable achievements in fiscal year 1977 include: the approval
of the Center as the Institution-wide central registration point for
behind-the-scenes volunteers; and the acceptance by the Museum
of History and Technology administration of a proposal to appoint
department/division public inquiry liaisons.
Increases in all visitor services provided by the Center are attrib-
uted to delayed Bicentennial visitations and the expanding popu-
larity of Smithsonian attractions and activities.
Information Volunteers, currently numbering 350, continue to
provide the human interface between the Smithsonian and visitors
to the National Collections. Desk coverage in museums and gal-
leries served by the Information Volunteer Program, between the
hours of 10 and 4, seven days a week, netted 32.9 thousand hours
of volunteer service. Orientation services were provided in the As-
sociates' Lounge for approximately 135,000 members.
The "Castle" Docent Program has realized much of its potential
this year in cooperation with the Associates' Travel Program.
Weekly Sunday morning tours were offered to 2,100 participants in
"Washington Anytime" weekend. Further expansion of the Program
now enables the addition of tours for special events, when docents
are assigned to each of the featured rooms in the "Castle." "A Vic-
torian Evening at the Smithsonian," presented for the Contributing
Membership on the first Sunday in May, was the first such event for
the period-costumed docents.
Completing its second official year of operation, the Public In-
quiry Mail sector experienced a 30 percent growth factor. The fifty-
to-fifty ratio between public and member requests remains con-
stant, as does the diversity of information sought. Information sys-
tems and ready reference files have been expanded and updated.
Closer curatorial contacts were established to facilitate public
queries regarding collections and exhibits, and the mail operations
of other major institutions were examined and evaluated for future
186 ' Smithsonian Year 1977
application. New informational preprints were developed for re-
sponse to frequently asked questions, allowing more time to proc-
ess special requests. Through the hard work and dedication of staff
and volunteers alike, the Institution's image as a reliable and
thorough source of information continues to be reinforced through
the mail, thus adding a new dimension to the understanding and
knowledge of thousands of persons.
The Independent Volunteer Placement Service maintained a ros-
ter of staff projects and an active referral service for prospective
volunteers. Some 24,000 hours of service were contributed by vol-
unteers placed through this program in fiscal year 1977. Adults
provide the primary resource of volunteer assistance, with a grow-
ing number of students assigned to short-term projects. Future
plans for this program include specialized projects designed to
provide broader service to the Institution.
From the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum to the National
Zoological Park, Smithsonian volunteers continue to personify the
diversity and richness of the National Collections.
The Smithsonian is indeed indebted to the 2,352 devoted indi-
viduals who have given so generously of their time and talents this
past year. Together, some 216,985 hours of service have been
amassed by these volunteers, working as docents, information spe-
cialists, and behind-the-scene staff assistants. The Smithsonian
recognizes and commends this volunteer corps whose contribution
so significantly amplifies the Institution's credo — "the increase and
diffusion of knowledge."
Public Service I 187
Kjell Sandved, photographer with the National Museum of Natural History, demon-
strates his camera equipment during a photography techniques session at the Denver
Museum of Natural History, held under the auspices of the Smithsonian National
Associate Program. (Photo by Ronda Barlow, Denver Museum of Natural History)
Smithsonian Year . 1977
MEMBERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT
The institution's membership program of the Smithsonian Associ-
ates was essentially designed for Washington area residents, until
the spring of 1970 when publication of the Smithsonian Magazine
began. As a principal benefit of membership, the monthly magazine
so stimulated interest in the program as to increase the Smithsonian
Associates to nearly 1,600,000 members across the country.
National Board of the Smithsonian Associates
The National Board of the Smithsonian Associates provides leader-
ship to the National Associates Program, and constitutes an impor-
tant network of informed leaders who care about and work for the
Smithsonian Institution in communities all around the country.
Under the leadership of its Chairman, Ambassador George C. Mc-
Ghee, the Board met in Washington in the fall of 1976, and in
Minneapolis in the spring of 1977.
Five new members were elected to the Board this year: Mrs.
Jackson Burke, the Honorable William T. Coleman, Jr., and Messrs.
Gaylord Donnelley, James M. Kemper, Jr., and Vernon Taylor, Jr.
In addition, Mrs. Karl G. Harr joined the Board (ex officio) follow-
ing her election as the new Chairman of the Smithsonian Women's
Committee. To honor the nine original members of the Board, a new
category — Honorary Membership — was created. The persons who
will be so honored are Messrs. Richard P. Cooley, Joseph F. Cullman
III, Leonard K. Firestone, Alfred C. Glassell, Jr., William A. Hewitt,
Lewis A. Lapham, Francis C. Rooney, Jr., Merritt K. Ruddock, and
189
Thomas J. Watson, Jr. Subsequently, Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson and
the Honorable Nelson A. Rockefeller were also elected Honorary
Members because of their frequent service to the Institution.
The remaining members of the National Board of the Smith-
sonian Associates are the Honorable George C. McGhee, Chairman,
Mr. Robert O. Anderson, Mr. William S. Anderson, Mr. Harry Hood
Bassett, Mr. Henry C. Beck, Jr., Mr. Keith S. Brown, Mr. Thomas M.
Evans, Mr. Charles T. Fisher III, Mrs. David L. Guyer, Mr. Henry J.
Heinz II, the Honorable John N. Irwin II, Mrs. Robert A. Magowan,
Mrs. Robert S. McNamara, Mr. Scott McVay, Dr. Ruben F. Mettler,
Mr. John R. Norton III, Mr. Charles M. Pigott, Mr. George S. Pills-
bury, Mr. Arthur A. Seeligson, Jr., and Mr. James O. Wright.
Regional Program
As the Institution's membership program spread beyond the con-
fines of the Mall to Associates who receive the magazine through-
out the country, the vehicle for additional member involvement has
been the Regional Program. This program offers a series of activities
representing Smithsonian research and educational interests in se-
lected cities across the country. During the past year, programs of
up to two weeks in length were scheduled in Peoria, Milwaukee,
Detroit, Seattle, Portland, Denver, and Minneapolis-Saint Paul.
Approximately 157,000 Associates and members of local museums
in these localities received invitations. Over 157 lectures, perform-
ances, exhibitions, and workshops were offered for which 34,000
members requested tickets.
The educational goal of the program, stressing a greater partici-
pation of members in museum activities around the country, was
undertaken with the assistance of fifteen bureaus of the Institution
and twenty-one co-sponsoring local organizations. Meaningful ex-
periences were provided through innovative program formats, sup-
plemental educational materials, and reading lists developed by the
lecturers and the National Associate Program.
Two of the most successful programs were the Smithsonian
Chamber Players performing for sellout audiences; and Kjell Sand-
ved, National Museum of Natural History, presenting a research
film on animal motility to "standing room only" audiences.
190 / Smithsonian Year 19~7
The impact of the program was felt locally, where as many as
400 new members were added to co-sponsors' organizations as a
result of the program. A post-tour survey in one host city indicated
that 98 percent of those questioned intended to return to the local
museums, more than 35 percent planned to join the local museum,
and over 84 percent felt that they had a greater understanding of
the work and collections of the Institution.
The shared concern for an active, nationwide, museum-going
populace, has fostered a strong cooperative spirit between the
Smithsonian and local museums. As the outreach program has
grown, the interplay between museums has encouraged the regional
hosts to enhance Smithsonian offerings with locally planned special
events and follow-up programs, using the Smithsonian program
concept to provide continuing educational benefits for local mem-
bers.
Additionally, the program has utilized the talents of its speakers
not only for lectures to members, but also in dialogues with other
museum professionals. During part of their visit the Smithsonian
staff consulted with scientists in like disciplines, sharing ideas and
discussing developments in their respective fields.
Associates Travel Program
During 1977, the Domestic Study Tours staff continued to provide
members with educational travel experiences. Visits were made to
such places as the Colorado River to study natural history, New
Mexico to study the Pueblo Indian cultures, and Alaska to enjoy
the wildlife of Mount McKinley. On all tours, small groups of
members were accompanied by a Smithsonian representative and a
curator who is a specialist in the topic of the tour.
More than 2,000 members participated in the popular "Washing-
ton Anytime" weekend during the year. Designed to give National
Associates an opportunity to visit Washington and the Smithsonian
any weekend during the year, the program, assisted by the Visitor
Information and Associates' Reception Center, responded to a large
number of members who wished to enjoy the city following the
Bicentennial activities.
Membership and Development I 191
The new Foreign Charter Program, which is dedicated to the goal
of providing educational and culturally oriented tours to a broad
base of the Associates membership, continues to be successful. Each
charter tour provides educational travel opportunities for 172 mem-
bers. The tour is divided into six small groups of 28 or 29 members,
each accompanied by a Smithsonian representative and a tour
leader. Participating members receive educational tour bulletins,
recommended reading lists, books, maps, special publications, and
helpful information prior to departure. An optional two-day Pre-
departure Program is also available. The program offers an orienta-
tion to the Institution, social events for meeting fellow travelers,
and a series of lectures by curators and visiting specialists on his-
tory, culture, political and social life, and art and architecture of
the country to be visited. Last year visits were made to England,
Australia, Siberia, Mexico, Russia, Poland, and Turkey.
Contributing Membership Program
Contributing Members of the Smithsonian National Associates sup-
port the Institution's work through annual contributions of $50,
$100, and $500. In the past year, the membership doubled from
885 to 1,616 and maintained a renewal rate of 85 percent. Special
events for Contributing Members included a "Private Viewing of
the Treasures of Tutankhamun" in November and a "Victorian
Evening at the Smithsonian" in May.
The James Smithson Society was created in 1977 to encourage
and recognize major gifts to the Smithsonian Institution. This So-
ciety, which is the highest order of Contributing Membership, is
comprised of two membership categories. Annual members are
individuals who make unrestricted contributions of $1,000 to
$24,999 in a given year. Life Members are those who give $25,000
or more, either in monetary gifts or additions to the collections.
The first year of the James Smithson Society was extremely suc-
cessful, with ninety-seven Annual and eighteen Life members. The
Annual membership made possible the acquisition of Rembrandt
Peale's important painting, The Roman Daughter, for the National
192 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Collection of Fine Arts, and twenty summer intern scholarships for
high school students through the Office of Elementary and Second-
ary Education. Life members' gifts covered a wide range of signifi-
cant objects and collections to five Smithsonian bureaus, including
ancient glass, gems, jade carvings, jewelry, paintings, drawings,
stoneware, porcelain, a silver teapot, a nineteenth-century steam
engine and monetary contributions.
The Smithsonian Institution gratefully acknowledges the gene-
rous support of the James Smithson Society 1977 Annual Members,
Life Members, and the Contributing Members of the Smithsonian
Associates, who are listed in Appendix 8.
Membership and Development I 193
Statue of Joseph Henry silhouetted against the towers and turrets of the Smith-
sonian Institution's first building, which was designed by James Renwick, Jr., and
was built between 1847 and 1855. Joseph Henry was the Institution's first Secretary
and served in that capacity from 1846 until 1878.
Smithsonian Year . 1977
ADMINISTRATION
In may 1977, the audit review committee of the Board of Regents
engaged the services of Phillip S. Hughes to study certain aspects
of the Institution's management, and to provide the study, with his
recommendations, to the Committee. Mr. Hughes, a distinguished
civil servant and a former Deputy Director of the Office of Man-
agement and Budget, submitted his report to the Audit Committee
on September 1, 1977.
The Hughes Report recommended the following: that the Insti-
tution provide more information to the Congress regarding the
former's future plans for federal and trust funds; that it establish a
five-year planning process; that, corollary to this, the Institution
develop a comprehensive, descriptive list of its activities; that it
establish and issue policies for the use of its trust funds; and that
the position of Under Secretary, vacant since the death in 1976 of
Robert A. Brooks, be filled. The Report was adopted by the Board
of Regents, and implementation is currently underway.
On July 11, 1977, Lawrence E. Taylor assumed the newly estab-
lished position of Coordinator of Public Information, reporting
directly to the Secretary. Mr. Taylor is responsible for all aspects
of public information, Congressional relations, and special events,
functions which previously had been assigned among several other
offices.
financial Management
The Treasurer and his staff continued their oversight and adminis-
tration of the financial assets of the Institution in addition to imple-
Administration I 195
meriting several important new programs designed to improve finan-
cial reporting, and budgetary and expenditure controls.
The Treasurer, working closely with the Investment Policy Com-
mittee of the Board of Regents, oversees the management of the
endowment funds of the Institution by three professional advisory
firms. Details on these funds and other financial resources of the
Institution can be found in the Financial Report shown in the State-
ment by the Secretary. The Investment Accounting Division assists
the Treasurer with the monitoring of the endowments and is also
responsible for the short-term investment of current funds excess
to immediate operating needs. This is accomplished through daily
cash management and forecasting procedures to insure the highest
possible return. The Division maintains various automated systems
for the tabulation of investment data, performance evaluations of
the three investment managers, and distributions of earned interest
of funds of bureaus of the Institution.
During the year, the Office of Programming and Budget devel-
oped and implemented the Institution's first "zero-base" budget for
fiscal year 1979, following the Office of Management and Budget's
general guidelines. Each of the Institution's museums, bureaus, or
offices receiving an annual appropriation reviewed its programs
rigorously and assessed the impact of funding at various resource
levels. A noteworthy feature of the zero-base budgeting system
involved ranking of the Institution's programs in priority order
across program lines.
The Accounting Division developed and instituted for fiscal year
1977 a new accounting system utilizing a greatly expanded key-to-
disc data-entry system. One major contribution of this system is
the consolidation of federal and trust processing. Until this year,
separate systems were used to accomplish functions such as pre-
paring vouchers, disbursing checks, and recording cash receipts.
Centralization, in this case, has eliminated duplication of work
effort, reduced numerous manual accounting functions, and has
standardized the internal reporting process.
The Grants and Insurance Administration Division continued to
provide administrative, management, and financial services to
Smithsonian researchers receiving funds from granting agencies
and to ensure that expenditures are in accord with the terms of the
grants and applicable regulations. In addition, the Division was
196 / Smithsonian Year 1977
active during the year in the administration of the Institution's
comprehensive fine arts insurance coverage and in implementing
new procedures to reduce losses.
Fiscal year 1977 saw greatly increased emphasis on control in the
Museum Shops. New systems were implemented for providing bet-
ter information to management and for controlling inventory.
Financial results for the year were very satisfactory, making it
possible for the Museum Shops to continue to share a portion of
their revenue with various museums of the Institution. A new
thirty-two-page catalogue, offering items representing or relating
to the museum collections, was mailed to all Smithsonian Associates
in September 1977, and early response looks extremely favorable.
A new and highly sophisticated computer system has been devel-
oped to process incoming orders expeditiously.
The Product Development Program originated in 1972 as a means
for visitors and nonvisitors as well to see and acquire various inter-
pretations and copies of items in the Smithsonian. As part of this
program, an agreement was reached during the past year with Im-
perial Glass, a division of the Lenox China Company, under which
Imperial will develop several glass reproductions based on Smith-
sonian collections.
Under another agreement the Stieff Company introduced in fiscal
year 1977 the "Susan B. Anthony gavel," a reproduction of the
original in the Smithsonian. They also completed development of
the "Adams Silverware," inspired by the dinner setting used by
John Quincy Adams and his family.
The Belmont Conference Center, a 240-year-old manor house,
with 365 surrounding acres of lawns, forests, and fields, located
between the District of Columbia and Baltimore near Interstate 95,
provides an attractive, secluded, and gracious retreat unusual in the
Eastern Corridor. Since its opening in 1967, conference operations
have been directed toward the needs of small groups which require
a location unencumbered by the normal intrusions associated with
offices. Belmont can accommodate twenty-four in-house residents,
with facilities for ten to twelve additional guests, speakers, or ob-
servers for meals and meeting sessions. This limiting size factor
ensures that each conference has the undivided and individual atten-
tion of the entire staff, as well as the opportunity for unusually
close interaction within the meeting group itself. Of the eighty or
Administration I 197
so meetings which Belmont hosts in a year, approximately 60 per-
cent are from federally-funded agencies; the balance include those
from foundations, universities, and other philanthropic organiza-
tions as well as private industry.
Support Activities
During the past year, significant improvements were made to pro-
vide timely administrative support throughout the Institution.
The Office of Computer Services installed a new computer system
to meet the growing demand for additional capabilities.
The Equal Opportunity program, now including provisions for the
handicapped, continued to emphasize the Institution's commitment
to equality in all employment practices. The Civil Service Commis-
sion approved the Smithsonian's 1977 Affirmative Plan of Action as
well as the Upward Mobility Program. In addition, the Smithsonian
received special recognition by the Civil Service Commission for
timely processing of discrimination complaints.
The Office of Facilities Planning and Engineering Services com-
pleted 158 projects, valued at 3.8 million dollars, and initiated 100
other projects, which will be completed as funds become available.
Longer range planning continues to be emphasized.
The United States Patent Office assumed responsibility for the
international transfer of patent specifications, a task performed by
the International Exchange Service (ies) for many years. This trans-
fer has enabled ies to devote more time to other important priorities.
The Office of Personnel Administration completed the Trust
Fund Personnel Handbook during the year, and it is now approach-
ing final stages of review by key Smithsonian officials. The hand-
book is the first compilation of policies regarding Trust Fund per-
sonnel management.
The Office of Plant Services continued to make progress toward
energy conservation and reduction and employed an energy con-
servation officer to implement an effective utilities conservation
program.
The Office of Printing and Photographic Services improved the
overall quality of photographic and duplicating support throughout
198 / Smithsonian Year 1977
the Institution, upgraded original photographic work produced in
the studios, and modernized and upgraded its laboratory facilities
in the National Museum of History and Technology. Greater em-
phasis was given to producing photographic materials for the pub-
lic, including slide sets and original photography of key museum
exhibits.
The Office of Protection Services' three years of study, planning,
and preliminary work culminated in July 1977 in the establishment
of the Smithsonian's own control center for monitoring fire and
burglar alarms at Smithsonian's facilities in the Washington, D.C.,
area. The new center, located in the original Smithsonian Institution
Building and staffed twenty-four hours a day, assumes and expands
the functions formerly performed by an outside organization at a
remote location and outside the Institution's control.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WOMEN'S COUNCIL
The Smithsonian Institution Women's Council continues to bring
women into the mainstream of Smithsonian activities. During the
past year, members participated in various training and career de-
velopment programs, including time management, labor-manage-
ment relations, and employee-performance evaluation.
The Programs Committee sponsored a variety of films and semi-
nars on topics such as women's history, obtaining a credit rating,
and rape crisis, and held the first in a series of panel discussions
highlighting the unique careers of women in the Smithsonian. The
Publicity Committee was instrumental in preparing a photographic
exhibit in the Employee Gallery of the National Museum of Natural
History based on past and present activities of the Women's Council.
In an effort to improve communications within the Smithsonian,
the Women's Council began distributing a periodic newsletter about
training, career opportunities, personnel and Civil Service Commis-
sion regulations and policies, and committee activities and accom-
plishments.
Administration I 199
France's Fernand Braudel, one of the world's great historians and a Wilson
Center Fellow, chatting with Director James Billington. (Photo by The New
York Times)
Smithsonian Year • 1977
WOODROW WILSON
INTERNATIONAL CENTER
FOR SCHOLARS
JAMES H. BILLINGTON, DIRECTOR
Approaching its seventh anniversary, the Woodrow Wilson Inter-
national Center for Scholars, recognized throughout the nation and
the world as a scholarly institution of major importance, has become
a distinctive, living memorial to a former president.
The Center continued to commemorate, through its residential
fellowship program of advanced research and communication, both
the intellectual depth and the public concerns of Woodrow Wilson.
The Fellows
The thirty-five fellows conducting individual research are the core
of the Center. The quality and diversity of the fellows and their
published works continue to grow. The number of applications from
across the United States and around the world increases each year.
As of September 1977, 236 fellowships had been awarded in open
international competition since the Center was established — about
60 percent to American scholars, the rest to applicants from some
thirty-eight foreign countries. All told, the fellows have come from
some 115 different universities and scholarly institutions.
The new head of the Agency for International Development (aid)
John Gilligan; the new head of our country's Law of the Sea nego-
tiating team, Elliot Richardson; the new superintendent of West
201
Point, Andrew Goodpaster; and the new head of the Environmental
Protection Agency, Douglas Costle, were all Wilson Center fellows.
Other fellows this past year included a former head of state from
Latin America, a deputy head of state from Africa, and close ad-
visers to the prime ministers of England and Japan. Fernand Brau-
del of France, one of the world's greatest historians, made his first
visit to America in many years as a Center fellow in 1976. Mexico's
distinguished writer, Carlos Fuentes, was a fellow. The famed Rus-
sian poet Andrei Voznesensky arrived in late 1977, to work on
recent American poetry. Last year, the equally diversified group of
American fellows included thirty-one American college professors
from a variety of departments in twenty-five different universities.
All are at the Center to produce a major publishable scholarly work.
The year also produced a marked increase in applications and a
doubling of selections from beyond the Boston-Washington cor-
ridor.
The Program
The Board of Trustees has consistently felt that the Center would
profit from having some special areas of emphasis that would pro-
vide focus within its overall program without tying it into the rigidi-
ties of departmental structures or a permanent faculty. As a result,
the Center currently has small special programs in Russian and
Soviet Studies, Latin American Studies, International Security Stud-
ies, and Resources and Environment.
The Center is unique among institutes for advanced study in its
commitment to communicate between "the world of learning and
the world of public affairs." Accordingly, it sponsors an extensive
program of meetings, informal discussions, formal colloquia on
work in progress, and evening dialogues. Most of these are open to
the concerned public affairs community. During the two years that
the Russian program has been functioning, for instance, there have
been 20 conferences attended by a total of more than 1,000 people.
The Latin American program, which began earlier this year, has
already had twelve meetings of different kinds.
The Center thus offers public officials and others, on occasion, a
202 / Smithsonian Year 1977
chance to take a step back from today's immediate crisis to join
with scholars in supplying perspective and wisdom.
The Center recently added a special series of dialogues on such
subjects as the relationship of religion and politics — which will lead
to a series of meetings involving members of Congress — and on
national educational policy, which has brought the last five United
States Commissioners of Education together periodically at the
Center. The Center also organizes special events such as the recent
national conference on government reorganization that brought 124
participants from state and local governments and universities all
over the country to discuss the question of government reorganiza-
tion with such speakers as Richard Pettigrew and Jack Watson from
the White House, United States Representative John Brademas, and
former Health, Education and Welfare Secretary Caspar Wein-
berger, as well as co-chairmen Governor Dan Evans of Washington
and Mayor Kenneth Gibson of Newark.
Another part of the Center's "switchboard" function involves
bringing people in touch with scholarly materials they might not
otherwise know about. The Center has undertaken a series of
scholars' guides to the immense archival resources of the Washing-
ton area. The first of these volumes, a comprehensive guide to the
resources for Russian and Soviet studies in Washington, is sched-
uled for issuance in October 1977. Work is currently progressing
on similar guides for the study of Latin America, Africa, East Asia,
and film and television resources.
Most important has been the establishment of the Wilson
Quarterly, a national review which digests and presents in plain
English to a broad, lay audience some of the more important in-
sights and ideas, not just of the Center but of the entire world of
higher scholarship. Within one year, it has become perhaps the most
widely read quarterly in the English-speaking world with close to
90,000 paid subscribers.
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars I 203
President Carter, Ambassador Andrew Young, and Roger L. Stevens at the dedication
of the Kennedy Center African Room, April 1977. (Photo by Richard Braaten)
Smithsonian Year • 1977
JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER
FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS
ROGER L. STEVENS, CHAIRMAN
In providing for the establishment of the National Cultural Cen-
ter, which subsequently became the John F. Kennedy Center for
the Performing Arts, Congress specified that the institution should:
1. Present classical and contemporary music, drama, dance, and
poetry from the United States and abroad;
2. Present lectures and other programs;
3. Develop programs for children, youth, and the elderly, spe-
cifically for their participation, education, and recreation; and
4. Provide facilities for civic activities.
Implicit was the desire that the Center serve not only the na-
tion's capital, but the entire country as a national showcase and a
force for arts advancement and general enrichment.
In six years of operation, the Kennedy Center has become one
of the most active arts institutions in the world. More than 6,100
performances have been presented to a total audience of 9.6 million
people. Comprehensive educational and public-service programs
have been developed for the Washington community and the nation
as a whole. And, as a national memorial, the Center has welcomed
nearly 20 million visitors.
The 1976-1977 season was marked by a continued commitment
to the artistic excellence of performance programming and by sig-
nificant expansion of the Center's public-service emphasis.
205
Performing Arts Programming
The Kennedy Center's three major auditoriums, the 2,750-seat
Concert Hall, the 2,300-seat Opera House and the 1,150-seat
Eisenhower Theater, were kept in full operation throughout 1976-
1977 and audience attendance for the year's 1,000 performances of
dance, music, drama, and musical comedy totaled nearly 1.6 million.
In addition, the 224-seat American Film Institute (afi) Theater pre-
sented more than 650 films to an audience of 100,000.
DRAMA AND MUSICAL COMEDY
During the Center's first six seasons, 3,444 performances of drama
and musical comedy have been presented in the Eisenhower The-
ater and Opera House. Of the 107 productions staged, 68 have
been produced, coproduced or made possible financially by the
Center itself.
The 1976-1977 theater season featured 512 performances of 16
major productions and attracted a total audience of 625,000. Drama
productions included William Luce's The Belle of Amherst, starring
Julie Harris; the American premiere of Harold Pinter's No Man's
Land, with Sir John Gielgud and Sir Ralph Richardson; Tom Stop-
pard's Dirty Linen: G. B. Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra, starring
Rex Harrison and Elizabeth Ashley; the American premiere of
Stoppard's Travesties, with John Wood; Hal Holbrook's Mark
Twain Tonight; the world premiere of Arthur Miller's The Arch-
bishop's Ceiling, with John Cullum and Bibi Andersson; Henrik
Ibsen's The Master Builder, starring Richard Kiley and Jane Alex-
ander; Alan Ayckbourn's Absent Friends, with Anne Jackson and
Eli Wallach; and the American premiere of Aleksei Arbuzov's Do
You Turn Somersaults?, with Mary Martin and Anthony Quayle.
Complementing the season of Western drama was the Septem-
ber engagement of the Grand Kabuki of the National Theatre of
Japan. The company, foremost conservator of Kabuki's more than
350-year-old tradition, presented excerpts from Yoshitsune Senbon
Zakura and Kurozuka, both featuring Ennosuke Ichikawa III,
Japan's leading Kabuki actor.
Completing the season were productions of five musicals —
Pippin, which originated in the Opera House in 1972, Shenandoah,
206 / Smithsonian Year 1977
and three new works: Music Is, by George Abbott, Richard Adler
and Will Holt; The Baker's Wife, by Joseph Stein and Stephen
Schwartz; and Annie, by Thomas Meehan, Charles Strouse, and
Martin Charnin.
Annie, in which the Center participated as a co-producer, played
four weeks to capacity Eisenhower Theater audiences before mov-
ing to Broadway where it received seven Tony Awards, including
"Best Musical," and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award,
"Best Musical, 1976-77."
DANCE
The 1967-1977 dance series brought to the Opera House thirteen
weeks of dance by three of the world's most acclaimed companies:
The New York City Ballet; the Stuttgart Ballet; and the Center's
official company, the American Ballet Theatre. Audience attend-
ance for the season's 104 performances exceeded 216,000, an av-
erage of 94 percent capacity.
Included in the New York City Ballet's nineteen-work repertory
were Washington premieres of George Balanchine's Union Jack
and Jerome Robbins' The Cage and Other Dances. Among the
Stuttgart productions were American premieres of The Sleeping
Beauty, William Forsythe's Daphne, and Kenneth MacMillan's
Requiem.
Highlighting the dance year was the American Ballet Theatre
world premiere of Mikhail Baryshnikov's staging of The Nut-
cracker, with Baryshnikov in the role of Nutcracker/Prince and
Marianna Tcherkassky as Clara.
The Stuttgart Ballet was presented at the Center and in New
York; Philadelphia; Homedale, New Jersey; and Chicago as the
pilot project of a new partnership agreement between the Center
and the Metropolitan Opera. Under the agreement, the Center and
the Metropolitan will jointly manage American engagements of
major foreign companies. During 1978, the partnership will pre-
sent the Ballet Nacional de Cuba with Alicia Alonso, director and
prima ballerina, and the London Festival Ballet with Rudolph
Nureyev.
Under the sponsorship of the Washington Performing Arts So-
ciety, the Martha Graham Dance Company made its first Opera
House appearance during 1976-1977, and the Alvin Ailey City
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 207
Center Dance Theatre returned for its sixth Center engagement.
The Performing Arts Society also presented an eight-performance
international folk-dance series in the Concert Hall.
MUSIC
The September 1976 engagements of La Scala and the Paris Opera
(detailed in Smithsonian Year, 1976) continued the Center's com-
mitment to presenting the finest opera companies from around the
world.
During 1977, the Center presented 63 performances of 9 operas,
and audience attendance totaled nearly 100,000. In May, the New
York City Opera brought to Washington productions of Carmen,
Turandot, Die Vled.erm.aus, La Traviata, Mefistofele, The Pirates of
Penzance, and a gala // Barbiere di Siviglia, conducted by Sarah
Caldwell, with Beverly Sills as Rosina.
Two Houston Grand opera productions, Carlisle Floyd's Of Mice
and Men and George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess, played the
Opera House for six weeks during June and July. Porgy and Bess
was coproduced by the Houston Grand Opera and Sherwin M.
Goldman.
The Center's fifth music festival devoted specifically to the
works of an individual composer saluted the genius of George
Frideric Handel. The Festival, directed by Stephen Simon and
jointly sponsored by the Center and the Friends of Handel, Inc.,
featured the oratorios, Saul and Solomon, and a concert staging of
the opera, Rinaldo.
During September, the Center presented the first section of a
Brahms-Beethoven Cycle, with the Cleveland Orchestra and solo-
ists Isaac Stern, Misha Dichter, Rudolf Firkusny, Janos Starker, and
Daniel Majeske performing the complete Brahms symphonies,
piano concerti, and other works over a seven-day period. The
Cycle included a performance of Ein Deutsches Requiem, with
Fay Robinson, Thomas Stewart, and the Choral Arts Society of
Washington. The Concertgebouw of Amsterdam will perform the
Beethoven Cycle during May 1978.
Each year, a number of performances are presented in the Con-
cert Hall and Opera House by the Center's affiliate organizations.
During 1976-1977, the Washington Opera, under the artistic direc-
208 / Smithsonian Year 1977
tion of George London, produced Verdi's Attila, Puccini's Madama
Butterfly, and Massenet's Werther. The Paul Hill Chorale, the Ora-
torio Society, and the Choral Arts Society of Washington pre-
sented twelve choral concerts. The Washington Performing Arts
Society brought to the Concert Hall twenty-three major orchestras
and thirty recital artists.
The resident National Symphony Orchestra performed 119 con-
certs before a total audience of nearly 265,000. Antal Dorati, who
had served as Music Director since 1971, left the orchestra at the
close of the 1976-1977 season to become Director of the Detroit
Symphony. Mstislav Rostropovich was named to succeed to the
position, beginning in 1977-1978.
FILM
The afi Theater has presented more than 2,400 different motion
pictures to an audience of nearly 500,000 since its opening in April
1973. Operated by the American Film Institute, which maintains its
national headquarters within the building, the theater's programs
have ranged from silent films to avant-garde American and foreign
productions. Showings regularly include rare archival works —
many saved from destruction by the afi's preservation program —
and film classics seldom available for general distribution.
Among the 1976-1977 film series were a tribute to rko Radio
Pictures, retrospective salutes to Katherine Hepburn, Buster Kea-
ton, Bette Davis, and Fred Astaire, "Love Stories: A Hundred
Movie Romances," "The Lubitsch Touch," and classic and con-
temporary films of Sweden, Finland, India, and the Soviet Union.
In November 1977, the Film Institute will celebrate its tenth an-
niversary with a major film festival that will utilize virtually all of
the Center's projection capability. More than 160 different films
and tapes are scheduled to be shown in the afi Theater and Screen-
ing Room and the Eisenhower Theater over a twelve-day period.
Participating guests will include Gene Kelly, Elizabeth Taylor,
Irene Dunne, Michael Cacoyannis, and Bernardo Bertolucci. The
anniversary celebration will conclude on November 17 with an
Opera House Gala saluting America's most memorable films. The
evening's program will be taped for nationwide television broad-
cast on November 21.
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 209
Educational and Public Service Programming
In response to its congressional mandate and in keeping with the
concept of a living memorial, the Kennedy Center has undertaken
extensive educational and public service programming. During fis-
cal year 1977, an estimated 414,000 people, nearly 9 percent of all
those who visited the Center, attended 595 free events, including
special performances, symposia, lectures, and exhibitions, of which
491 were presented by the Center itself and 104 by constituent or-
ganizations and other public service groups. In addition, this year
the Center developed major programs to further extend its out-
reach and to foster new talent, new works, and new audiences
throughout the country.
SPECIALLY PRICED TICKETS
Since its opening in 1971, the Center has maintained a Specially
Priced Ticket Program, through which 15 percent of tickets for
regular Center performances are made available at half-price to
students, the handicapped, senior citizens, low-income groups, and
military personnel in grades E-l through E-4. The Program is de-
signed to make the Center's performances accessible to everyone,
regardless of economic circumstances. Attendant costs, in terms of
reduced revenue potential and administrative overhead, are borne
by the Center itself without public subsidy.
In fiscal year 1977, 114,847 tickets for Center-produced or Center-
presented attractions were sold at half-price through the Program.
The Center also requires that independent producers participate in
the Program by making a percentage of their tickets available for
half-price sale. During the year, combined half-price ticket sales for
the Center's own attractions and those of independent producers
totaled 137,927 representing a total price reduction of $760,142.
ALLIANCE FOR ARTS EDUCATION
The Alliance for Arts Education (aae) is a joint project of the Ken-
nedy Center and the United States Office of Education committed
to making the arts a basic part of the educational experience of
every child. Operating at both the state and national level, the aae
seeks to identify and support exemplary arts-education programs
210 / Smithsonian Year 1977
and to promote greater cooperation between arts organizations and
educational institutions by serving as a public forum and a channel
of information. As one part of its national commitment, the aae
recognizes and supports the work of its member organization, the
National Committee, Arts for the Handicapped, an affiliate of the
Kennedy Center.
Within the Center, the aae produces children's programming
designed to serve as a practicable model for other arts institutions.
During 1976-1977, the Center offered, for the first time, a contin-
uing series of children's programs scheduled throughout the school
year. The twenty-seven week series featured 117 free performances
of music, theater, dance, poetry, and puppetry by performing groups
from around the country and attracted more than 36,000 young
people.
The series culminated in the Center's first National Children's
Festival, a week-long "Imagination Celebration," with 29 free per-
formances attended by 18,000 children, parents, and teachers.
Commissioned for the Festival were three new theater works for
children: Light Sings, a multi-media production devised by Patricia
Birch and Doris Chase, in cooperation with Will Holt and Gary
William Friedman; Jim Thorpe, All American, by Saul Levitt and
Harrison Ficher; and Sir Cawain and the Green Knight, written by
Dennis Scott and performed by the Little Theatre of the Deaf.
AMERICAN COLLEGE THEATRE FESTIVAL
The American College Theatre Festival, presented annually by the
Kennedy Center and the Alliance for Arts Education, recognizes
America's 2,300 college and university theaters and the more than
150,000 students enrolled in formal theater classes. Each year, more
than 10,000 productions are staged on college and university cam-
puses, and the Festival seeks to honor the best efforts, strengthen
the rest, and encourage all students to take an active role in their
theaters as writers, designers, performers, directors, and audiences.
During 1976-1977, 400 schools participated in 13 regional fes-
tivals, from which 8 productions were selected for presentation in
noncompetitive showcase at the Center in April: Historias Para ser
Contadas, Texas A&I University; Meg, Cornell University; Lear,
University of Alabama; Hay Fever, Webster College; Upstream
Toward Lethe, University of California, Los Angeles; Who's Happy
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 211
Mikhail Baryshnikov in the world premiere of his production of The Nut-
cracker, December 1976. Facing page, upper: Winter twilight view of the John
F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. (Photo by Richard Braaten)
Lower: El Ballet Folklorico de Tourismo from the Dominican Republic per-
forming in the Grand Foyer during the 1977 Spring Festival. (Photo by Rich-
ard Braaten)
■ -
Now?, Midwestern State University; Waiting for Godot, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University; and Round Trip Ticket,
Mankato State University.
The Festival program also included a series of awards for indi-
vidual excellence in performing and playwriting. In its ninth year,
the Festival was sponsored by the American Oil Company and
produced by the American Theatre Association.
FRIENDS OF THE KENNEDY CENTER
In 1966, the Center's Board of Trustees established as its official
auxiliary the Friends of the Kennedy Center, and for eleven years,
the Friends have provided invaluable assistance to a wide range of
Center projects and program activities.
Through the Friends, the Center currently presents free weekly
symposia focusing on all areas of the performing arts and drawing
upon the expertise of such visiting artists as Marcel Marceau,
Mary Martin, Isaac Stern, and Marcia Haydee. The Friends also
help to present an ongoing program of free organ demonstrations
that explain the workings of the Concert Hall's Filene Memorial
Organ and feature recitals by Washington-area organists.
Within the Friends membership, which now numbers nearly
8,000, are 275 active volunteers whose combined contribution to
the Center totaled more than 63,000 hours during fiscal year 1977.
The Volunteer Office, which functions as an information and as-
sistance center for visitors and performance-goers, is staffed 365
days a year from 9:00 a.m. until 9:00 p.m. Each day, more than
1,000 visitors participate in tours conducted by volunteer guides,
and for the benefit of foreign visitors, volunteers have prepared tour
scripts in Spanish, German, Dutch, French, Italian, Hebrew, and
Japanese.
The Friends also aid in the administration of the Specially Priced
Ticket Program, manage souvenir sales, help to coordinate special
arrangements for the handicapped, and assist the Center's mail-
order department.
Proceeds from Friends' memberships and the sale of souvenirs
help to underwrite the Center's educational and public-service pro-
gramming. The Friends have recently embarked upon a national
membership drive designed to generate new funds for expanded
educational activities over the next several years.
214 / Smithsonian Year 1977
The Friends work closely with the National Park Service, which
is responsible for maintaining the Center as a presidential memo-
rial, and from October 1, 1976, through September 30, 1977, the
Friends and Park Service personnel offered information, assistance,
and hospitality to nearly 4.8 million visitors.
Activities of the Friends are guided by Mrs. Polk Guest, who
has served as chairman continuously since 1968.
BLACK COMMISSION
As a national institution, the Kennedy Center is dedicated to in-
volving all segments of society in its programming activities. To
assess and increase its effectiveness with respect to the black com-
munity and, in so doing, to develop methods potentially beneficial
to other minority groups, the Center has established the National
Commission to Expand the Scope and Constituency of Black Par-
ticipation at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
The Commission, composed of performers and national leaders in
the arts, education, and business, began in March to forge program
recommendations to increase black awareness, interest, and in-
volvement in the Center and the performing arts, locally and across
the nation.
Participating as Commission members are: Kathryn Bloom, Di-
rector, Arts and Education Program, JDR III Fund; Shirley Trusty
Corey, Supervisor, Office of Cultural Resources, New Orleans
Public Schools; Matiwilda Dobbs, opera singer, Professor of Voice,
University of Georgia; Katherine Dunham, dancer, composer, ac-
tress, Director, Performing Arts Training Center, Southern Illinois
University; John M. Ehle, novelist; Roberta Flack, singer; James O.
Gibson, Public Policy Analyst, Potomac Institute; Jesse Hill, Presi-
dent, Atlanta Life Insurance Company; Marvin Holloway, Insti-
tute for Policy Studies, Washington, D.C.; Thomas Hoving, Direc-
tor, Metropolitan Museum of Art; Quincy Jones, arranger, com-
poser; Jack Morrison, Executive Director, American Theatre Asso-
ciation; Budd Schulberg, author, screenwriter; Elie Siegmeister,
composer; Ellen Stewart, Executive Director, La Mama Experimen-
tal Theatre Company, New York; Billy Taylor, jazz pianist; Nancy
Wilson, singer. Dr. Archie L. Buffkins, Assistant Dean of Gradu-
ate Studies, University of Maryland, serves as President of the
Commission.
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 215
MUSICAL THEATRE LABORATORY
The American musical theater is suffering the effects of spiraling
production costs, and, as a result, fewer and fewer musicals are
mounted each year. In an effort to reverse the trend and to ensure
the survival of this country's most unique contribution to the per-
forming arts, the Kennedy Center joined with the Stuart Ostrow
Foundation this year to create within the Center the Musical
Theatre Laboratory.
The Laboratory, which occupies a 10,000-square-foot area of the
Roof Terrace level, is designed to enable authors, composers, lyri-
cists, choreographers, directors, and actors to develop new musi-
cals, without the commercial pressures of full-scale productions,
through a work-in-progress process. By reducing to a minimum
such production elements as sets and costumes, full time and at-
tention is focused on the works themselves.
The Laboratory's first season included four new musicals: Hot
Grog, by Jim Wann and Bland Simpson; Neverland, by Jim Stein-
man; Amerika, by Yoram Porat and Shlomo Gronich, from the
novel by Franz Kafka; and Up from Paradise, by Arthur Miller
and Stanley Silverman.
Basic to the development process is the opportunity to perform
each work before public audiences. The Laboratory seats 100, and
all performances are free.
MUSIC AWARDS
As a part of its commitment to the encouragement of American
performers and composers, the Center has participated in the estab-
lishment of two new award programs.
The John F. Kennedy Center-Rockefeller Foundation Interna-
tional Competitions for Excellence in the Performance of American
Music are intended to call attention to skilled performers of recital
music written by American composers since 1900. Pianists will be
eligible to participate in the 1978 competition, and, in subsequent
years, instrumentalists and singers will compete on an alternating
basis. It is hoped that the program will stimulate greater interest
in the large body of American recital music. The Competitions
will be made possible by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.
The Kennedy Center Friedheim Awards will annually recognize
216 / Smithsonian Year 1977
outstanding American achievement in the composition of orches-
tral and chamber music. Entries will be judged by a panel of music
critics, and the works of the five finalists will be performed each
year at the Center. The award program is named in honor of the
late pianist, Arthur Friedheim, and is sponsored by a grant from
the Eric Friedheim Foundation.
BICENTENNIAL PROGRAMMING
The Bicentennial Parade of American Music, sponsored by the
National Music Council and funded by a grant from exxon, con-
cluded on December 31, 1976, with a concert tribute to John Philip
Sousa. The Parade program, which was administered by the Na-
tional Federation of Music Clubs, brought to the Center more than
6,000 performers in a year-long series of free State Day concerts
celebrating music written by composers from each of the fifty
states and the District of Columbia.
The Center's Bicentennial Exhibition, America on Stage: 200
Years of Performing Arts, continued through January 23, 1977.
Sponsored by ibm Corporation, America on Stage occupied nearly
20,000 square feet of the Roof Terrace and traced the history of
the American performing-arts experience from the colonial period
to the present. Attendance at the twelve-month long, admission-
free exhibition totaled more than 800,000.
SEASONAL FESTIVALS
The Center's 1976 Holiday Festival featured 25 free performances,
including Foyer "Rug Concerts," daily puppet shows, and the
annual "Messiah Sing-Along." The Festival also brought to the
Concert Hall six performances of the Emmett Kelly Circus and
a New Year's Eve "Night in Old Vienna," available to the public
at a modest admission charge.
The Spring Festival, sponsored for the third year by McDonald's
Corporation, saluted the music of the Western Hemisphere with
thirty-five performances by artists from nine Latin American coun-
tries, the United States, and Canada. The Festival, presented in
association with the Organization of American States, opened with
a concert by the Curtis Institute Orchestra dedicated to the mem-
ory of Pablo Casals and concluded six days later with a day-long
band and folk-dance concert in the Grand Foyer.
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 217
Building Repairs
On June 8, 1977, Congress authorized an appropriation of $4.7
million to the National Park Service for repair, renovation, and
reconstruction necessitated by serious water leaks from the Cen-
ter's terraces, East Plaza Drive, kitchen, and roof. During fiscal
year 1977, roof repairs were undertaken and completed, and re-
maining repairs are scheduled over a period of eighteen to twenty-
four months.
Studio Theater /Recital Hall —
Performing Arts Library Complex
The Center's Studio Theater/ Recital Hall, left unfinished during
original construction for lack of funds, is scheduled to be com-
pleted during 1978 as the result of a three-million-dollar Bicenten-
nial gift to the United States from Japan. The 500-seat facility, de-
signed by Philip Johnson, will be located on the Roof Terrace level
and used for drama, chamber music, poetry readings, films, lec-
tures, children's programming, and experimental works.
A performing-arts library is scheduled to be constructed in the
North Gallery, adjacent to the new theater. The library, created
under the joint sponsorship of the Center and the Library of Con-
gress, will function as a research facility for Center performers and
artistic staff and the general public. A core of reference materials
will be supplemented by a computer link to the vast resources of
the Library of Congress. The facility will also house the Center's
archives and periodic performing-arts exhibitions.
National Gifts
A Kennedy Center African Room has been created on the Box
Tier of the Opera House through the generosity of African na-
tions which have contributed more than $80,000 for its construc-
tion and decoration.
218 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Developed by Kenneth B. Walker and Frank Sanchis, the African
Room features slanted, textured walls decorated with African tex-
tiles and handicrafts. President Carter and United Nations Ambas-
sador Andrew Young participated in dedication ceremonies on
April 24, 1977.
During 1976-1977, the Center also received individual gifts from
the following countries: Bulgaria — sculpture, Maritsa River, by
Professor V. Minekov; Luxembourg — sculpture, Ascension by Lu-
cien Wercollier; Malaysia — shadow-puppets from the Ramayana
epics.
Funding
The Kennedy Center receives no federal funding for its performing-
arts programming and administrative expenses. In addition, its edu-
cational and public service programs are carried out largely without
public subsidy. The single exception is an annual congressional
appropriation to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare
for the Alliance for Arts Education, a joint project of the Center and
the United States Office of Education. While aae funds partially
subsidize children's programming and the American College Theatre
Festival, they are supplemented substantially by funds raised by
the Center from private sources.
During this fiscal year, the Center's operating budget exceeded
$16 million, and, in meeting its budget obligations, the Center was
almost entirely dependent upon revenue from theater operations,
concession income, and private contributions.
The Center reimburses the National Park Service a pro-rata
share of annual maintenance costs on the basis of a formula de-
vised by independent accountants for the House Public Works
Committee. Reimbursement payments totaled $563,325 for fiscal
year 1977.
Lacking an endowment fund, the Center must look each year to
the national community for the financial support necessary to
carry out its programming activities. Since the Center opened in
1971, individuals, foundations, and corporations have contributed
a total of more than $8.6 million.
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 219
In recognition of the Center's national significance and to stim-
ulate needed funding continuity, a number of America's business
leaders this year formed the Corporate Fund for the Performing
Arts and projected an annual goal of $1 million from the business
community for Center programming.
Participation in the Corporate Fund is open to any business en-
terprise which makes an annual contribution of $5,000 or more to
the Center. Four classes of participation have been established:
Corporate Leadership Circle — $50,000 or more; Corporate Patron
— $25,000 or more; Corporate Sponsor — $10,000 or more; Corpo-
rate Donor — $5,000 or more.
During fiscal year 1977, contributions were received from the
following:
Corporate Leadership Circle
at&t, Atlantic Richfield Company, exxon Corporation, ibm, Mobil Oil
Corporation, Prudential Insurance Company of America.
Corporate Patrons
cbs, Inc., Canteen Corporation, E. I. DuPont de Nemours, General Elec-
tric Company, General Motors Corporation, Reynolds Industries, Inc.,
United States Steel Corporation, and Xerox Corporation.
Corporate Sponsors
Amerada Hess, Anheuser-Busch, Chrysler Corporation, Coca Cola Com-
pany, Ford Motor Company, Gulf Oil Company, Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc.,
mca, Inc., Merck & Company, Metropolitan Life Insurance, Philip Morris,
Reynolds Metals Company, Rockwell International, Sears Roebuck &
Company, Shell Oil Company, Texaco, Inc., and United Technologies
Corporation.
Corporate Donors
Allbritton Foundation, Allied Chemical Foundation, American Can Com-
pany, American Security Bank, Arthur Anderson & Company, Ashland
Oil Company, C&P Telephone Company, Celanese Corporation, Dresser
Industries, Federated Department Stores, Fruehauf Corporation, Getty
Oil, Haskins & Sells, International Paper Company, Johnson & Higgins,
S. C. Johnson and Company, Kellogg's, Kerr-McGee, LTV Corporation,
Martin Marietta Corporation, National Geographic Society, Neiman
Marcus, pepco, Inc., Perpetual Federal Savings & Loan Association,
Phelps-Dodge Corporation, Price, Waterhouse & Company, Riggs Na-
tional Bank, Sun Company, Inc., Textron, Union Carbide Company,
Washington Post Company.
220 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Board of Trustees
Although organizationally a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution,
the Kennedy Center is administered separately by a forty-five-
member Board of Trustees composed of thirty members appointed
by the President of the United States to ten-year overlapping terms
and fifteen members ex-officio from pertinent government agen-
cies, the Senate, and the House of Representatives.
Members of the Kennedy Center Board of Trustees are as fol-
lows:
Roger L. Stevens, Chairman
Mrs. Howard H. Baker, Jr.
Daniel J. Boorstin
Ernest Boyer
J. Carter Brown
Joseph A. Califano, Jr.
Robert S. Carter
Mrs. Edward Finch Cox
Mrs. J. Clifford Folger
Abe Fortas
Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen
J. William Fulbright
Leonard H. Goldenson
R. Philip Hanes, Jr.
Orval Hansen
Mrs. Rebekah Harkness
Mrs. Paul H. Hatch
William K. Hitchcock
Mrs. Bob Hope
Frank Ikard
Edward M. Kennedy
Thomas H. Kuchel
Melvin R. Laird
Mrs. Michael J. Mansfield
Mrs. J. Willard Marriott
Robert I. Millonzi
Ronald H. Nessen
Charles H. Percy
Mrs. Donna Stone Pesch
Albert H. Quie
S. Dillon Ripley II
Teno Roncalio
Mrs. Jouett Shouse
Mrs. Jean Kennedy Smith
John G. Spatuzza
Henry Strong
William H. Thomas
Frank Thompson, Jr.
Benjamin A. Trustman
Jack J. Valenti
Walter E. Washington
Lew R. Wasserman
William J. Whalen
Harrison A. Williams, Jr.
Mrs. Jack Wrather
Mrs. George A. Garrett,
Honorary Trustee
John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts I 221
An appreciative audience reading their new RIF books,
proving once again that Reading Is FUNdamental.
Smithsonian Year • 1977
READING IS FUNDAMENTAL, INC.
In a period which has seen the trial and failure of countless pre-
scriptions for literacy, Reading Is Fundamental, Inc., (rif) has
passed all tests since 1966, emerging as a recognized and much
honored leader in the campaign to give each American child the
right to read, rif was organized in the Washington, D.C., public
schools by Mrs. Robert McNamara and took up residence in the
Smithsonian Institution in 1968. There are now over 700 reading
motivation programs, operating in 48 states, in communities both
large and small, each introducing children to the joy of selecting
and keeping their own books. Using fiscal 1976 funds, rif expects
to distribute about 9 million inexpensive paperback books to ap-
proximately 1.8 million children — a long way indeed from the days
when a single pilot program served District of Columbia school
children.
rif recognizes that effective teaching is indispensable, but it also
recognizes one thing more: without the will to read, even the most
imaginative teaching cannot coax a child into literacy, rif aims to
develop the desire to read by circling exciting reading activities
around book distributions, occasions when children freely choose
paperback books and keep them for their own.
The success of Reading Is Fundamental's method has been widely
acclaimed. In September 1976, rif distinguished itself by winning
a contract with the United States Office of Education Right to Read
Program, assuming the responsibility to administer the Federal In-
expensive Book Distribution Program. This contract marks a mile-
stone in rif's history. Local reading motivation programs which
formerly depended on local funds may now apply to rif for federal
funds to match each locally raised dollar one for one. The combined
attraction of federal funds and rif's reputation has sparked an im-
223
pressive response. In the first year of its operation, thousands of
inquiries about the Inexpensive Book Distribution Program have
been received by rif. The national office reviewed over 800 pro-
posals to establish reading motivation programs and approved
nearly 650.
Leaders in business, education, and government have joined pri-
vate citizens in supporting rif. Secretary of Health, Education and
Welfare Joseph A. Califano, Jr., has endorsed rif's efforts. For the
second consecutive year, Reading Is Fundamental has won the
United States Office of Education Literacy Day Award. United
States Commissioner of Education Ernest L. Boyer has written, "I
endorse wholeheartedly the remarkable private volunteer effort that
Reading Is Fundamental has become. ... I commend it to educators
everywhere for their cooperation and support."
Other organizations have cooperated in the rif effort. The Asso-
ciation of Library Services for Children of the American Library
Association (formerly the Children's Services Division) publicly
endorsed rif, urging local libraries to establish reading motivation
programs in their communities. The Boys Clubs of America have
similarly endorsed the program, rif has worked with dozens of
other organizations, including the General Federation of Women's
Clubs, the International Reading Association, the Educational
Paperback Association, the National School Volunteer Program, the
National Association of Elementary School Principals, the Chief
State School Officers, and the National Urban League.
The children's publishing community has also supported Reading
Is Fundamental. Nearly 150 publishers and distributors — major
houses and small presses and distributors — have qualified to supply
books to the Inexpensive Book Distribution Program. The indus-
try's trade magazine, Publishers Weekly, has willingly publicized
the new federal program, as have such magazines as the School
Library Journal. And rif enjoys the friendly cooperation of the
Association of American Publishers and prominent figures in the
children's book world.
In addition to organizing a network of programs, Reading Is
Fundamental has researched the theory and practice of reading
motivation and forged the results into tools for volunteers. With a
grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, rif produced a series of
tapes and a manual to guide intensive volunteer training sessions.
224 / Smithsonian Year 1977
rif created the film Read, Read, Read to dramatize the rif concept,
as well as a training manual and periodic bulletins to refine volun-
teer skills. Through its ability to translate research into tools, rif
has made a major contribution to the education and recruitment of
America's volunteer movement.
rif's volunteers are the brightest token of its success. In 1976,
alone, over 25,000 people were actively engaged in rif programs.
For those who rely, as rif does, on the common sense and dedica-
tion of private citizens, the support of these volunteers is the clear-
est, most telling evidence of the program's practical ability to con-
vince children of all backgrounds, from every region of the coun-
try, that reading is a joy worth pursuing.
Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. I 225
- r.iar. I Uon.
James Renwick, Jr., who designed the original Smithsonian Building, also de-
signed this gateway that was to open into a garden on the south side of the
building. Last year the garden became a reality. This charming print is from
Hints on Public Architecture by Robert Dale Owen, 1849.
Smithsonian Year • 7977
SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE
INFORMATION EXCHANGE, INC.
The range of activities and programs of the Smithsonian Science
Information Exchange, Inc., developed in a significant way this year
in the following three major areas.
First, the scientifically related subject indexing which has been
developed and applied to projects by the scientific staff, predomi-
nantly for the purposes of retrieving projects from the data base,
has been utilized in a new way which should have far-reaching im-
plications for those who require a better basis for monitoring and
evaluating program progress in scientific research, both within and
outside the federal structure.
Second, the Exchange has continued to expand the availability
and usefulness of the basic source document of the Exchange, the
Notice of Research Project (nrp), by its increased interactions with
government agencies and individual users.
A third significant feature of this year's activities included a spe-
cial project to solicit and organize for publication a directory of
worldwide ongoing research information systems in cooperation
with unesco, unisist and with the support of the National Science
Foundation. This project represents the Exchange's continuing role
in the area of international activities directed toward improving the
development and exchange of ongoing research information.
The first area of development in the new application of scientific
subject indexing applied to project abstracts in support of program
planning and evaluation efforts depends on a statistical analysis of
the index points applied to a group of projects defined by subject
or administrative limits. The unique hierarchial structure of the
indexing and the consistency of its application allow a meaningful
statistical analysis of the total set of index points on any defined
227
groups of projects, which provides a basis for expert panels to more
reliably identify the components of scientific activity contributing
to a program or research objective. Analyzed on a year-to-year
basis, or across program components, this approach will provide an
improved method to identify areas of over- or under-emphasis
which will allow research programs to be better balanced and indi-
cate areas where additional support may be needed to ensure a high
probability of success for completion or breakthrough in major
scientific or technological endeavor. Further testing of this ana-
lytical approach will be made in the coming year.
The Exchange has continued a number of programs which have
evolved in several ways to meet user needs. A major program, the
Current Cancer Research Project Analysis Center (ccrespac), has
continued in its third year. In addition to providing retrospective
searches of the data base on highly specialized topics of cancer
research, the Exchange has also provided searches which help three
cidac Centers of the National Cancer Institute's (nci) International
Cancer Research Data Bank (icrdb) Program to define the scope of
certain areas of cancer research and identify the recipients of re-
search grants in these areas in order to locate articles in the pub-
lished literature on cancer.
During the year the Exchange completed the preparation for
publication of sixty Special Listings of Current Research Topics in
selected areas of cancer research. These publications included all
ongoing research registered with the Exchange and were distributed
by the National Cancer Institute worldwide to principal research
investigators whose work was included in the Exchange's data base.
The year also saw the further development of the cancerproj
on-line file through cancerline, sponsored by nci through the Na-
tional Library of Medicine. This computerized file has approxi-
mately 17,000 current research projects, 3,000 of which are from
sources other than the United States.
This year also marked the second full year on the preparation
and publication of the Directory of Toxicology Research in Prog-
ress. In an effort to make the publication of these directories more
useful to those concerned with scientific research in toxicology, a
new format for the directory was evolved for the new year includ-
ing publication on a monthly rather than quarterly basis.
The Exchange continued to prepare and provide information for
228 / Smithsonian Year 1977
publications of ongoing research in aerospace research, dental re-
search, and international energy research.
The Exchange has seen a dramatic increase in the use of its data
base which has now been available for on-line use for the past two
years. Use in the current year was almost double that of the pre-
vious year. The data base will be available in the fall of 1977
through another commercial system thus allowing users a choice
of on-line systems.
Significant improvements were made in the data-processing area
during the year to add additional information to be included in the
research projects which will increase the usefulness of the Ex-
change's data base and provide greater flexibility to the Exchange
in responding to user needs. A recent study of a sampling of the
Exchange's users carried out by the Denver Research Institute for
the ssie has provided new insight into users' needs and the way in
which on-going research information is used. This information is
expected to play a significant role in the development of new out-
put products and services developed in the coming year.
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc. I 229
-j«
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•r
i
David and Saul with the Head of Goliath, by Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione,
new addition to the print collection of the National Gallery of Art made pos-
sible by the Andrew W. Mellon Purchase Fund.
Smithsonian Year • 1977
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
J. CARTER BROWN, DIRECTOR
The national gallery of art, although formally established as
a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution, is an autonomous and
separately administered organization. It is governed by its own
Board of Trustees, the statutory members of which are the Chief
Justice of the United States, Chairman; the Secretary of State; the
Secretary of the Treasury; and the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, all ex officio; and five general trustees. Paul Mellon
continued in 1977 as president of the Gallery and John Hay Whit-
ney as vice president. The other general trustees continuing to
serve were Carlisle H. Humelsine, Dr. Franklin D. Murphy, and
John R. Stevenson.
During the year, the Gallery counted 3,083,920 visitors. Attend-
ance at the exhibition "The Treasures of Tutankhamun" during its
seventeen-week run was 835,924.
A number of important works of art were acquired. Notable
paintings donated were Gauguin's The Invocation, a Rothko, and
a seminal work by Andrew Wyeth entitled Snow Flurries. An early
still life, Flowers in an Urn, by Jan van Huysum was purchased.
Of the twenty-one works of sculpture added to the collection
during the year, twenty postdate the year 1900, dramatically en-
hancing the Gallery's twentieth-century sculpture holdings. In-
cluded among them are six Giacomettis and a Henry Moore.
Acquisitions of works of graphic art included nineteen draw-
ings, among them several important drawings illustrating the early
development of Dutch landscape, and a Longhi portrait. Signifi-
cant additions to the print collection were The Letter "Y," by Mas-
ter ES; an enormous woodcut, Fall of the Giants, by Coriolano; and
231
a monotype by Castiglione, David and Saul with the Head of Go-
liath. Castiglione invented the process of monotype and was the
only important old master to practice it.
Ten exhibitions were offered by the Gallery during the year.
Overshadowing the others was the "Treasures of Tutankhamun"
displaying fifty-five of the most precious and artistic objects found
in the boy-king's tomb. This exhibition, arranged by a high-level
agreement between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United
States, had its inaugural run at the Gallery and will have been dis-
played in six other American museums by 1979. Another notable
though briefer exhibition was that of No Robes and Masks used
during the three centuries of Shogunate rule in Japan. It marked
the first time this collection, owned by the Tokugawa family, had
been seen in the United States. Other exhibitions included "Morris
Louis: Major Themes and Variations" and six exhibitions devoted
to graphics from Titian and sixteenth-century Venice to twentieth-
century France.
The Gallery made loans to forty-three exhibitions at fifty-six
institutions including fifteen abroad. Among the objects lent were
seventy-six paintings, three sculptures, and fifty-three graphics.
The Department of Extension Programs, relocated in new quar-
ters in the connecting link, completed a program of refurbishing,
revising, and repackaging all existing programs some of which
were originally prepared more than twenty years earlier. Four new
programs consisting of color slides, audio cassettes and printed
text were issued, and six new films on major artists. A new com-
pletely revised illustrated catalogue vividly presents the range and
diversity of the free-loan materials available. Total bookings were
29,984, witnessed by an aggregate estimated audience of 2,370,000.
Total attendance at talks given by the Gallery's Education De-
partment and at the programs presented in the auditorium was
153,298. These included the regularly scheduled auditorium lec-
tures and films; the Introduction to the Collection, the Tour of the
Week and Painting of the Week talks; as well as special introduc-
tory presentations keyed to four of the exhibitions. There were
thirty-one guest lecturers including the twenty-fifth annual An-
drew W. Mellon Lecturer in the Fine Arts, Andre Chastel, the
eminent French authority on the Italian Renaissance whose lec-
tures analyzed the causes and events of the Sack of Rome in 1527
232 / Smithsonian Year 1977
by the army of the Emperor Charles V and the resultant diaspora
of the art and artists of that city. Other distinguished scholars who
lectured included Wolfgang Lotz, Kress Professor-in-Residence;
Michael Jaffe, director of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge;
and David Rosand of Columbia University.
The Conservation staff, preparing to move into its new labora-
tory space in what was the old cafeteria, has been expanded to
nine professionals compared to just three part-timers five years
ago. During the year, it completed major restoration on 8 paintings
and did minor work on 134 others. The paper conservator per-
formed major treatment on 6 works of graphic art and under her
supervision more than 2,000 works were mounted, framed, or
given limited restoration. The new conservation scientist directed
her attention primarily to investigations attending the removal of
the dark varnish from Rembrandt's The Mill and took on the in-
house portion of continuing research into artists' pigments and
other materials.
The Library staff, preparing to move into larger and far more
efficient space in the East Building, increased its professional staff
to nineteen compared to twelve in 1972. During the year, over
6,000 items were received including several important encyclope-
dias to build up the reference collection. The Photographic Ar-
chives added more than 130,000 photographs, most of them pur-
chased with funds provided by the Kress Foundation.
The sales facilities, augmented for the "Treasures of Tutank-
hamun" exhibition, handled 375,122 over-the-counter orders and
5,114 mail orders.
The Music Program consisted of forty Sunday evening concerts
in the East Garden Court, two string recitals at exhibition open-
ings, and, by means of a special grant from Exxon Corporation, a
marathon of rotating string performances during the last eight
days of the Tutankhamun exhibition for the benefit of those wait-
ing in line.
By the end of September, the Concourse connecting the original
building with the new East Building had been occupied for fifteen
months and the Cafe/Buffet eating facilities that virtually fill the
public space therein served 1,127,740 patrons. The East Building
has reached 96 percent completion and is scheduled for dedication
and opening to the public on June 1, 1978.
National Gallery of Art I 233
TEMPORARY EXHIBITIONS AT THE GALLERY
IN FISCAL YEAR 1977
Morris Louis: Major Themes & Variations
Continued from the previous fiscal year through January 9, 1977.
Titian and the Venetian Woodcut
October 30, 1976, through January 2, 1977.
Treasures of Tutankhamun
November 17, 1976, through March 15, 1977.
Seventeenth Century Dutch Drawings from American Collections
January 28 through March 13, 1977.
The Tokugawa Collection: No Robes and Masks
April 10 through May 22, 1977.
Paper in Prints
May 1 through July 31, 1977.
Prints of Paris: The 1890s
May 1 through July 31, 1977.
Accessible Arts (Photo exhibit on handicapped persons and the arts)
May 20-22, 1977.
Henri Matisse Paper Cut-outs
September 10, 1977, to the end of the fiscal year.
French Prints By 20th-century Masters
September 11, 1977, to the end of the fiscal year.
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
EX OFFICIO
The Chief Justice of the United States
Warren E. Burger, Chairman
The Secretary of State
Cyrus R. Vance
The Secretary of the Treasury
W. Michael Blumenthal
The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
S. Dillon Ripley
GENERAL
Carlisle H. Humelsine
Paul Mellon
hranklin D. Murphy
John R. Stevenson
John Hay Whitney
234 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Smithsonian Year • 7977
APPENDICES
Organization Chart page 236
1. Members of the Smithsonian Council, 238
Boards, and Commissions, September 30, 1977
2. Smithsonian Special Foreign Currency Program 244
Research Supported in Fiscal Year 1977
3. National Museum Act Grants Awarded in 247
Fiscal Year 1977
4. Progress on Building Construction, Restoration, 251
and Renovation
5. Publications of the Smithsonian Institution 252
Press in Fiscal Year 1977
6. Publications of the Staff of the Smithsonian Institution 264
and Its Subsidiaries in Fiscal Year 1977
7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 330
8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution 343
in Fiscal Year 1977
9. List of Donors to the Smithsonian Institution 367
in Fiscal Year 1977
10. Visitors to the Smithsonian Institution, October 1, 1976, 428
through December 31, 1977
11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution and Its Subsidiaries, 429
September 30, 1977
235
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BOARD OF REGENTS
THE SECRETARY
UNDER SECRETARY
ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
Administration • Science
History and Art • Public Service
Museum Programs
AUDITOR
TREASURER*
GENERAL COUNSEL
DIRECTOR OF
SUPPORT ACTIVIT
IES**
DIRECTOR OF
MEMBERSHIP AND
DEVELOPMENT
COORDINATOR OF
PUBLIC INFORMATION
BUREAUS AND ACTIVITIES
SCIENCE
Chesapeake Bay Center for
Environmental Studies
Fort Pierce Bureau
National Air and Space Museum
National Museum of Man
Center for the Study of Man
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Oceanographic
Sorting Center
National Zoological Park
Office of International Programs
Radiation Biology Laboratory
Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory
Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute
HISTORY AND ART
Archives of American Art
Cooper-Hewitt Museum of
Design and Decorative Arts
Freer Gallery of Art
Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden
Joseph Henry Papers
National Collection of
Fine Arts
Renwick Gallery
National Museum of History
and Technology
National Portrait Gallery
Office of Academic Studies
Office of American and
Folklife Studies
MUSEUM PROGRAMS
Conservation Analytical Laboratory*
National Museum Act Programs
Office of Exihibits Central
Office of Horticulture
Office of Museum Programs
Office of the Registrar
Smithsonian Archives
Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Smithsonian Institution
Traveling Exhibition Service
Under Separate Boards of Trustees:
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER
FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS
WOODROW WILSON
INTERNATIONAL CENTER
FOR SCHOLARS
L i
SMITHSONIAN
SCIENCE INFORMATION
EXCHANGE, INC.
BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS
Advisory Board of the
Cooper-Hewitt Museum of
Design and Decorative Arts
Advisory Council for the
National Museum Act
Archives of American Art
Board of Trustees
Freer Visiting Committee
Hirshhorn Museum and
Sculpture Garden
Board of Trustees
National Air and Space Museum
Advisory Board
National Armed Forces
Museum Advisory Board
National Board of the
Smithsonian Associates
National Collection of Fine Arts
Commission
National Portrait Gallery
Commission
Smithsonian Council
Smithsonian
Foreign Currency Program
Advisory Councils
PUBLIC SERVICE
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
Division of Performing Arts
Office of Elementary and
Secondary Education
Office of Smithsonian Symposia
and Seminars
Office of Telecommunications
Smithsonian Resident Associates
Smithsonian Institution Press
Smithsonian Magazine
Visitors Information and
Associates Reception Center
♦FINANCIAL SERVICES
Accounting
Business Management
Belmont Conference Center
Product Development Program
Smithsonian Museum Shops
Grants and Insurance
Administration
Investments Accounting
Programming and Budget
**SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Computer Services
Contracts
Equal Opportunity
Facilities Planning
and Engineering Services
International Exchange Service
Management Analysis
Personnel Administration
Plant Services
Printing and Photographic
Services
Protection Services
Supply Services
Travel Services
APPENDIX 1. Members of the Smithsonian Council, Boards,
and Commissions, September 30, 1977
Smithsonian Institution Board of Regents
Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor
Walter F. Mondale, Vice President of the United States
Henry M. Jackson, Member of the Senate
Barry Goldwater, Member of the Senate
Claiborne Pell, Member of the Senate
George H. Mahon, Member of the House of Representatives
Elford A. Cederberg, Member of the House of Representatives
Corinne C. Boggs, Member of the House of Representatives
J. Paul Austin, citizen of Georgia
John Nicholas Brown, citizen of Rhode Island
William A. M. Burden, citizen of New York
Murray Gell-Mann, citizen of California
Caryl P. Haskins, citizen of the District of Columbia
A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., citizen of Pennsylvania
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., citizen of Connecticut
James E. Webb, citizen of the District of Columbia
Executive Committee, Board of Regents
Warren E. Burger, Chancellor (Board of Regents), ex officio
William A. M. Burden
Caryl P. Haskins
James E. Webb (Chairman)
The Smithsonian Council
Roger D. Abrahams
George A. Bartholomew
Milton W. Brown
Reid A. Bryson
Frederick H. Burkhardt
Archie F. Carr, Jr.
Carl W. Condit
Mrs. Camille W. Cook
Miss Anne d'Harnoncourt
Richard M. Dorson
A. Hunter Dupree
Fred R. Eggan
Murray Gell-Mann
Frank B. Golley
Stephen Jay Gould
David C. Hawkins
August Heckscher
Nathan Huggins
George F. Lindsay
Giles W. Mead
Ruth Patrick
Gordon N. Ray, (Chairman
of the Smithsonian Council)
Harold Rosenberg
Carl E. Sagan
Andre Schiffrin
Barbara W. Tuchman
238 / Smithsonian Year 1Q77
HONORARY MEMBERS
H. Harvard Arnason
Muriel M. Berman
Herman R. Branson
Donald 5. Farner
Anthony N. B. Garvan
Peter C. Goldmark
Philip Handler
Jan LaRue
James Liverman
Clifford L. Lord
Charles D. Michener
Peter M. Millman
Philip C. Ritterbush
George C. Seybolt
Cyril S. Smith
John D. Spikes
Stephen E. Toulmin
William von Arx
Warren H. Wagner, Jr.
Rainer Zangerl
Board of Academic Studies
Ira Rubinoff, Chairman
Brooke Hindle
Porter M. Kier
Abram Lerner
W. Shropshire, Jr.
Charles Blitzer, ex officio
David Challinor, ex officio
Archives of American Art Board of Trustees
Mrs. Otto L. Spaeth, Chairman
Irving F. Burton, President
Gilbert H. Kinney, Vice President
Mrs. Nancy B. Negley, Vice President
Mrs. E. Bliss Parkinson, Vice President
Mrs. Dana M. Raymond, Secretary
Henry de Forest Baldwin, Treasurer
Edwin A. Bergman
Mrs. John L. Bradley
Joel S. Ehrenkranz
Mrs. Walter B. Ford II
Joseph Hirshhorn
Milka Iconomoff
Howard W. Lipman
Harold O. Love
Russell Lynes
Richard Manoogian
Porter A. McCray
Abraham Melamed
Mrs. William L. Mitchell
Frederic A. Sharf
Mrs. Louise Talbot Trigg
Edward M. M. Warburg
George H. Waterman III
S. Dillon Ripley, ex officio
Charles Blitzer, ex officio
FOUNDING TRUSTEES
Lawrence A. Fleischman
Mrs. Edsel B. Ford
E. P. Richardson
HONORARY TRUSTEE
Mrs. William L. Richards
National Museum of Man, Center for the Study of Man
National Anthropological Film Center Advisory Council
Margaret Mead
Mrs. Roma S. Crocker
William H. Crocker
Gordon D. Gibson
Edward T. Hall
Paul Hockings
Matthew Huxley
Mrs. Constantine B. Mellon
Jay W. Ruby
George D. Spindler
Mrs. Marion Stirling
Sol Tax
E. Fuller Torrey
Carroll W. Williams
Deceased.
Appendix 1. Smithsonian Council, Boards and Commissions I 239
Advisory Board of the Cooper-Hewitt Museum
of Design and Decorative Arts
Thomas E. Murray II, Chairman
Albert I. Edelman, Vice Chairman
Mrs. Miles Pennybacker, Secretary
Sidney Gruson, Treasurer
Cass Canfield, Jr., Member
Mrs. Howard J. Sachs, Member
Robert C. Weaver, Member
S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary,
Smithsonian Institution, ex officio
honorary member Mrs. Margaret Carnegie Miller
Freer Visiting Committee
Mrs. Jackson Burke
Kwang-Chih Chang
Marvin Eisenberg
Mrs. Katherine Graham
Charles Greenfield
John M. Rosenfield
Hugh Scott
Laurence Sickman
John Thacher
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Board of Trustees
Daniel P. Moynihan, Chairman 1 Thomas M. Evans
Leigh B. Block, Vice-Chairman Sydney Lewis
H. Harvard Arnason Dorothy C. Miller
Anne d'Harnoncourt Jerome Greene 2
Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States, ex officio
S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, ex officio
Horticultural Advisory Committee
S. Dillon Ripley, ex officio
James R. Buckler
Robert Baker
Jimmie L. Crowe
Mrs. Belva Jensen
ORCHID SUBCOMMITTEE
James R. Buckler
Edward Ayensu
Paul Desautels
Carlton B. Lees
Donald Parker
Mrs. Frances Patteson-Knight
Robert Read
Russell Seibert
Lauranne C. Nash
Robert Read
Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley
National Air and Space Museum Advisory Board
EX OFFICIO
S. Dillon Ripley
Jefferson W. Cochran
Brigadier General James L. Collins
Lieutenant General Thomas E. Miller, Jr.
Major General William C. Morris
Herbert J. Rowe
Rear Admiral James S. Gracey
Vice Admiral Frederick C. Turner
CITIZEN MEMBERS
Mrs. O. A. Beech
Lieutenant General Elwood R. Quesada, US AT (Ret)
1 Reelected at meeting of Board of Trustees, June 21, 1977.
2 Elected at meeting of Board of Trustees, June 21, 1977.
240 / Smithsonian Year 1977
National Air and Space Museum Visiting Committee
Alexander H. Flax
Gerard K. O'Neill
Russell L. Schweickart
Lyon T. Silver
Lieutenant General James T. Stewart, USAF (Ret)
Richard Y. Whitcomb
National Armed Forces Museum Advisory Board
John Nicholas Brown, Chairman
Clifford L. Alexander, Jr., Secretary of the Army
W. Graham Claytor, Secretary of the Navy
John C. Stetson, Secretary of the Air Force
Fred L. Dixon
William I. Greener, Jr.
William H. Perkins, Jr.
EX OFFICIO
Theodore Ropp
James M. Stone, Sr.
Harold Brown, Secretary of Defense
S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
Advisory Council for the National Museum Act
Robert Feller
Russell Fridley
Bonnie Pitman Gelles
Julia Hotton
Philip S. Humphrey
Thomas W. Leavitt
Joseph Veach Noble
Richard H. Randall
Mitchell Wilder
Vernal L. Yadon
Paul N. Perrot, Chairman
National Board of the Smithsonian Associates
William S. Anderson
Harry Hood Bassett
George C. McGhee, Chairman
Robert O. Anderson
Henry C. Beck, Jr.
Keith S. Brown
Mrs. Jackson Burke
William T. Coleman, Jr.
Gaylord Donnelley
Thomas M. Evans
Charles T. Fisher III
Mrs. David L. Guyer
Mrs. Karl G. Harr, Jr.
HONORARY MEMBERS
Richard P. Cooley
Joseph F. Cullman 3rd
Leonard K. Firestone
Alfred C.Glassell, Jr.
William A. Hewitt
Henry J. Heinz II
John N. Irwin II
James M. Kemper, Jr.
Mrs. Robert A. Magowan
Mrs. Robert S. McNamara
Scott McVay
Ruben F. Mettler
John R. Norton III
Charles M. Pigott
George S. Pillsbury
Arthur A. Seeligson, Jr.
Vernon Taylor, Jr.
James O. Wright
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
Lewis A. Lapham
Nelson A. Rockefeller
Francis C. Rooney, Jr.
Merritt Kirk Ruddock
Thomas J. Watson, Jr.
National Collection of Fine Arts Commission
George B. Tatum, Chairman
Otto Wittmann, Vice Chairman
S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary
Mrs. Elizabeth Brooke Blake
Appendix 1. Smithsonian Council, Boards and Commissions I 241
en ,4,„or David Lloyd Kreeger
Thomas S. Buechner '
Lloyd Goodrich Abram L, rner
Walker Hancock Mrs. Robert A. Magowan
R. Philip Hanes, Jr. Mrs. Hiram W McKee
Bartlett H. Hayes, Jr. Harold Rosenberg
August Heckscher Charles . H Sawyer
Thomas C. Howe Mrs. Otto L. Spaeth
Mrs. Jaquelin H. Hume
HONORARY MEMBERS
Martin Friedman Stow Wengenroth
Henry Mcllhenny Alexander Wetmore
Paul Mellon Andrew Wyeth
National Portrait Gallery Commission
John Nicholas Brown, Chairman E. P. Richardson
Ralph Ellison Robert Hilton Smith
David E. Finley » Katie Louchheim
Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis 2 Barry Bingham, Sr.
Robert L. McNeil, Jr. Joe L. Allbritton 3
Andrew Oliver
Warren E. Burger, Chief Justice of the United States, ex officio
S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, ex officio
J. Carter Brown, Director, National Gallery of Art, ex officio
Office of International Programs,
Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program Advisory Councils
ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINES ADVISORY COUNCIL
Esin Atil Daniel H. H. Ingalls
Daniel G. Bates Thomas Jacobsen
George F. Dales John Yellen (observer)
George Hughes
ASTROPHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES ADVISORY COUNCIL
Felix Chayes William Melson
Henry Faul Thornton Page
George Field Victor Szebehely
Paul Hodge Louis Walter
William H. Klein
SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY ADVISORY COUNCIL
D. A. Livingstone Herbert H. Ross
Robert P. Mcintosh (observer) R- Ruibal
Robert Ornduff Richard W. Thorington, Jr.
Norman D. Newell
1 Deceased February 1, 1977.
■ Resigned August 25, 1976.
3 Appointed January 24, 1977.
242 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Board of Trustees
William J. Baroody, Chairman
Paul W. McCracken, Vice Chairman
James A. Baker III, Houston, Texas
Daniel J. Boorstin, Librarian of Congress
Robert H. Bork, New Haven, Connecticut
Joseph A. Califano, Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
Bryce N. Harlow, Washington, D.C.
A. James Reichley, Yardley, Pennsylvania
James B. Rhoads, Archivist of the United States
S. Dillon Ripley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
Dean Rusk, Athens, Georgia
Cyrus R. Vance, Secretary of State
Rawleigh Warner, Jr., New York, New York
Kennedy Center Board of Trustees
Roger L. Stevens, Chairman
Mrs. Howard H. Baker, Jr.
Daniel J. Boorstin
Ernest Boyer
J. Carter Brown
Joseph A. Califano, Jr.
Robert 5. Carter
Mrs. Edward Finch Cox
Mrs. J. Clifford Folger
Abe Fortas
Peter H. B. Frelinghuysen
J. William Fulbright
Leonard H. Goldenson
R. Philip Hanes, Jr.
Orval Hansen
Mrs. Rebekah Harkness
Mrs. Paul H. Hatch
William K. Hitchcock
Mrs. Bob Hope
Frank Ikard
Edward M. Kennedy
Thomas H. Kuchel
Melvin B. Laird
Mrs. Michael J. Mansfield
Mrs. J. Willard Marriott
Robert I. Millonzi
Ronald H. Nessen
Charles H. Percy
Mrs. Donna Stone Pesch
Albert H. Quie
S. Dillon Ripley II
Teno Roncalio
Mrs. Jouett Shouse
Mrs. Jean Kennedy Smith
John G. Spatuzza
Henry Strong
William H. Thomas
Frank Thompson, Jr.
Benjamin A. Trustman
Jack J. Valenti
Walter E. Washington
Lew R. Wasserman
William J. Whalen
Harrison A. Williams, Jr.
Mrs. Jack Wrather
Mrs. George A. Garrett,
Honorary Trustee
National Gallery of Art Board of Trustees
EX OFFICIO
The Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger, Chairman
The Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance
The Secretary of the Treasury W. Michael Blumenthal
The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution S. Dillon Ripley
GENERAL
Carlisle H. Humelsine
Paul Mellon
Franklin D. Murphy
John R. Stevenson
John Hay Whitney
Appendix 1. Smithsonian Council, Boards and Commissions I 243
APPENDIX 2. Smithsonian Special Foreign Currency Program
Research Supported in Fiscal Year 1977
ARCHEOLOGY AND RELATED DISCIPLINES
(INCLUDING ANTHROPOLOGY)
American Institute of Indian Studies, Chicago, Illinois. Continued support
for administration; research fellowships; Center for Art and Archeology.
American Research Center in Egypt, Princeton, New Jersey. Operation of
Center in Cairo; fellowship program in the study of archeology and related
disciplines in Egypt; survey of Arabic scientific manuscripts in Cairo; the
Middle Commentaries on Aristotle's Organon by Averroes; continuation of
the architectural and epigraphic survey of Egypt; excavation at the site of
Mendes in the Nile delta; an archeological map of the Theban necropolis;
preparation for publication of a manuscript by the lates Georges Legrain on
Egyptian sculpture from Karnak in the Cairo Museum; archeological research
at the site of Hierakonpolis (Nekhen) in Edfu District; a historical and archi-
tectural study of the Bayt al-Razzas; electronic survey at Tell Es-Shugafiya.
American Schools of Oriental Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Excava-
tion in salient areas of Punic and Roman Carthage (Tunisia).
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. Epigraphic recording and archi-
tectural survey of the pharaonic and prepharaonic remains at Gebel es-
Silsilah (Egypt).
Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, Washington, D.C. A corpus
of the mosaics of Tunisia.
Freer Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Studies on the art of the Mamluks
(Egypt).
Herbert H. Lehman College, Bronx, New York. The long-range effects of
resettlement and economic expansion in an Egyptian delta village.
Indo-U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture, New York, New York.
Indo-U.S. Fellowship Program.
National Anthropological Film Center, Washington, D.C. Pan-Pashtoon no-
mad studies (India).
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. A metallurgical site
survey of the Western Chagai District (Pakistan).
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Excavation of the
foundations of some of the monuments of Philae (Egypt).
Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. Prehistory of the Western
Desert, Egypt.
State University of New York, Buffalo, New York. Investigation on the Neo-
lithic sites in southeastern Poland.
244 / Smithsonian Year 1977
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. Exploration of an early Me-
dieval settlement complex in the Kujawy Region in Poland.
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Contemporary South Asian
civilization films (India).
Washington State University, Pullman, Washington. Prehistoric studies of
northern Egypt.
SYSTEMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
(INCLUDING PALEOBIOLOGY)
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Distribution, lar-
val ecology and population balance in Polish water frogs (the Rana esculenta
complex).
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California. Systematic studies
on scorpion fishes (India).
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. Anthropological and paleonto-
logical on the fossil anthropoid sites of the Egyptian oligocene.
Howard University, Washington, D.C. Fossil Cenozoic mammals of Pakistan.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Biological produc-
tivity in some tropical lakes of South India, biosystematic studies of the
insects of Ceylon; gene pools for Indian plants of economic value; revision of
Trimen's Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon; and, the natural history of ground
beetles at a temperate forest site, Bialowieza Primeval Forest, Poland.
National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C. Cooperative zoo exchanges
(India).
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. Forage potential of arid-zone halo-
phytes (Egypt).
University of California, Berkeley, California. Stratigraphic and paleobio-
logy investigations of fossil anthrapoid sites in Burma.
University of California, Riverside, California. Cytotaxonomy of the Yugo-
slavian flora.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Fossil mammals in Paleocene
and Eocene continental sediments of Pakistan; and, molluscan genus Bulinus,
intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium (Egypt).
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Desert rodent ecology
(Egypt).
University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio. Limnological investigations of Lake
Ohrid (Yugoslavia); and limnological investigations of Polish freshwaters.
University of Washington, Pullman, Washington. United States participation
in the First International Symposium on Avian Endocrinology (India).
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Limnological investigations
of Skadar Lake (Yugoslavia).
Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Systems analysis of the pre-Saharan
ecosystem of Southern Tunisia.
Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Paleonthropology, paleontology,
and stratigraphy of Neogene deposits in Pakistan.
Appendix 2. Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program I 245
ASTROPHYSICS AND EARTH SCIENCES
National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. Desert erosion and sand
movement in Egypt.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. Gravity survey of
the Lonar Impact Crater, India.
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Absolute energy distribution of
giant red stars (Poland).
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Continu-
ation of operation of Uttar Pradesh State Observatory/Smithsonian Astro-
physical Observing Station, Naini Tal, India.
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Nucleosynthesis and the advanced
stages of stellar evolution (Poland).
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Geochronology of Upper Creta-
ceous to Upper Miocene marine and continental sediments (Poland).
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Geochronology of
the alkaline complexes of the Southeastern Desert of Egypt; laboratory studies
of Libyan Desert silica glass (Egypt).
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Geodynamic evolution of
Pakistan.
MUSEUM PROGRAMS
American Research Center in Egypt, Princeton, New Jersey. Luxor Museum
multilingual catalog and labeling (Egypt).
Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Plant Prep-
arator Training Seminar (India).
Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The History of American In-
dustrial Technology exhibition (India).
Maryland Institute, College of Art, Baltimore, Maryland. Polish posters and
graphics.
National Museum of History and Technology, Washington, D.C. Cooperative
museum exchange (India).
National Trust for Historic Preservation, Washington, D.C. United States
participation in unesco/icomos meeting on inventory of cultural property sys-
tems (Poland).
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. Fel-
lowship travel support (Poland and India).
246 / Smithsonian Year 1977
APPENDIX 3. National Museum Act Grants Awarded
in Fiscal Year 1977
SEMINAR/WORKSHOP TRAINING
The American Association for State and Local History, Nashville, Tennessee.
The Hawaii Museums Association, Honolulu, Hawaii.
The Foundation of the American Institute for Conservation, Winterthur, Dela-
ware.
The Pacific Regional Conservation Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
The Oakland Museum Association, Oakland, California.
The Norwegian-American Museum, Decorah, Iowa.
The State Historical Society of Colorado, Denver, Colorado.
The New England Aquarium Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts.
The Association of Science-Technology Centers, Washington, D.C.
STIPEND SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATION STUDIES
Miss Julia Seton, The University of London Institute of Archaeology, London,
England.
Mr. Alexander W. Katlan, Rosary College Graduate School of Fine Arts, Flor-
ence, Italy.
Miss Mayda S. Goodberry, The Philadelphia College of Textiles and Science,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Miss Margaret J. Hoffman, The University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.
Mr. Harry J. Hunderman, The United States National Committee of the Inter-
national Council of Monuments and Sites, Washington, D.C.
Miss Amy Hecker, The University of York, Heslington, York, England.
Miss Rhoda J. R. Komuro, Honolulu Academy of Arts, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Miss Lisa Minette Morriss, The Textile Conservation Centre Limited, East
Molesey, Surrey, England.
Miss Linda Ellen Pillers, The Textile Conservation Centre Limited, East Mo-
lesey, Surrey, England.
Mr. Geoffrey Martin, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Mrs. Lilly Hollander, New York Public Library, New York, New York.
Mr. Gary Stewart, The University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota.
Miss Marlys Franc Thurber, School of Architecture and Planning, University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Appendix 3. National Museum Act Grants Awarded I 247
Miss Kendra D. Lovette, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, Missouri.
Miss Stephanie Weinreich, Kelsey Museum, The University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan.
Miss Lorena Orvananos, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Abilene,
Kansas.
Mr. Rodney Slemmons, International Museum of Photography, Rochester,
New York.
Miss Christine Leback, The University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
STIPEND SUPPORT FOR GRADUATE/PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Cooperstown Graduate Programs, Cooperstown, New York.
The Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut.
The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
The University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
The George Washington University, Washington, D.C.
The Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts, Winston-Salem, North Caro-
lina.
The University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York, New York.
The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The University of Denver, Denver, Colorado.
The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
STIPEND SUPPORT FOR MUSEUM INTERNSHIPS
Cooperstown Graduate Programs, Cooperstown, New York.
The University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware.
The Pacific Regional Conservation Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut.
The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts.
The Rochester Museum and Science Center, Rochester, New York.
ADVANCED ACADEMIC DEGREE PROGRAM
Miss Ellen Jacobowitz, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania.
Miss Marjorie Swain, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Mr. C. Tung Wu, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts.
248 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mr. Frederick Lamp, The Museum of African Art, Washington, D.C.
Miss Patricia Kane, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Mr. David Park Curry, The University of Kansas, Museum of Art, Lawrence,
Kansas.
TRAVEL FOR MUSEUM PROFESSIONALS
Miss Susan Ferleger, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, New
York.
Mr. Michael L. Mock, California Museum of Science and Industry, Los An-
geles, California.
Mr. Terrell Hillebrand, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia.
Mr. Charles Thomas Bargeron, Georgia Agrirama Development Authority,
Tifton, Georgia.
Miss Barbara J. Burgan, Sedgwick County Zoological Society, Inc., Wichita,
Kansas.
Mrs. Jacqueline Y. Miller, Allyn Museum of Entomology, Sarasota, Florida.
Miss Linda D. Marschner, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.
Miss Janet A. Kamien, The Children's Museum, Boston, Massachusetts.
Mr. Robert A. Whyte, The San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.
Miss Yin-wah Ashton, The Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, Washington.
Miss Judith Sims, The Laguna Gloria Art Museum, Austin, Texas.
Mr. Alan H. Shoemaker, The Columbia Zoological Park, Columbia, South
Carolina.
Miss Joy Dell Mastrogiuseppe, Marion Ownbey Herbarium, Washington State
University, Pullman, Washington.
Miss Eileen K. Schofield, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York.
Mr. Carney E. S. Gavin, Harvard University Semitic Museum, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
SPECIAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH
The Historical Society of York County, York, Pennsylvania
The Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York, New York.
The University of California, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics,
Los Angeles, California.
The North Carolina State University, School of Textiles, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
The University of California, Riverside, California.
PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
The American Association of Museums, Washington, D.C.
The National Conservation Advisory Council, Washington, D.C.
Appendix 3. National Museum Act Grants Awarded I 249
The American Association for State and Local History, Nashville, Tennessee.
The New England Regional Conference of the American Association of Mu-
seums, Lincoln, Massachusetts.
The Alaska State Museum, Juneau, Alaska.
The Contemporary Arts Museum of Houston, Houston, Texas.
The National Bureau of Standards/The University of Pennsylvania.
The Johnstown Flood Museum, Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
250 / Smithsonian Year 1977
APPENDIX 4. Progress on Building Construction, Restoration
and Renovation
Arts and Industries Building. Design and engineering for the major phase of
roof repair have been completed. Construction work will be initiated in fiscal
year 1978.
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies. Construction of a new
laboratory facility will begin in early fiscal year 1978. In addition, a new
sewage-treatment plant is being developed for the cbces site.
Cooper-Hewitt Museum of Design and Decorative Arts. Major restoration
was completed in fiscal year 1977. Exterior repairs, canopy installation, a fire-
detection system, fourth-floor decoration, and several other projects will be
addressed in the coming year.
History and Technology Building. Design of the sixth-floor addition is 95
percent complete. Congressional appropriations have not yet been provided
for construction. Plans and specifications for major repairs to the terrace are
in progress.
National Zoological Park. In addition to the new lion-tiger facility, polar-bear
and bear exhibits, and the new education-administration building, wheel chair
ramps in various buildings were constructed, and extensive sidewalk improve-
ments were made. A glockenspiel dedicated by the Pelzman Foundation was
erected. Restaurant and other food service locations were improved.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The Tivoli Building restoration has
been completed. Furnishing and equipping will be accomplished in fiscal year
1978. The initial phase of library facility started in fiscal year 1977. Scheduled
completion of design is fiscal year 1978.
Appendix 4. Progress on Building Construction I 251
APPENDIX 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Institution Press
in Fiscal Year 1977.
GENERAL PUBLICATIONS
TRADE PUBLICATIONS
Agnes Chase. First Book of Grasses: The Structure of Grasses Explained for
Beginners. 127 pages, 94 black-and-white illustrations. Third edition. Reissued
February 23, 1977. $6.95.
Frederick Gutheim. Worthy of the Nation: The History of Planning for the
National Capital, xvii + 417 pages, 22 black-and-white illustrations. Septem-
ber 16, 1977. Cloth: $22.50. Paper: $8.95.
Allan A. Hodges and Carol A. Hodges, Editors. Washington on Foot. 208
pages, 124 black-and-white illustrations. Revised edition. May 20, 1977. Paper:
$3.75.
Cynthia J. McCabe. The Golden Door: Artist-Immigrants of America, 1876-
1976. 432 pages, 39 color and 243 black-and-white illustrations. October 1,
1976. $25.00.
Lillian B. Miller. "The Dye Is Now Cast . . ." : The Road to American Inde-
pendence, 1774-1776. xvi + 328 pages, 166 black-and-white illustrations. Re-
print. January 3, 1977. $25.00.
National Collection of Fine Arts. Robert Rauschenberg. 218 pages, 21 color
and 259 black-and-white illustrations. March 29, 1977. $25.00.
Phyllis D. Rosenzweig. The Thomas Eakins Collection of the Hirshhorn Mu-
seum and Sculpture Garden. 300 pages, 6 color and 246 black-and-white illus-
trations. September 30, 1977. $25.00.
Susanne Steinem Patch. Blue Mystery: The Story of the Hope Diamond. 64
pages, 4 color and 24 black-and-white illustrations. November 4, 1976. $6.95.
Jan E. Skrentny. Zoobook. 80 pages, 104 color and 42 black-and-white illustra-
tions. December 13, 1976. Cloth: $8.95. Paper: $3.95.
ANNUAL REPORTS
American Historical Association. Annual Report, 1975. viii + 175 pages.
November 23, 1976. Paper: $1.65.
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies. Annual Report, 1976. 16
pages. August 16, 1977.
National Zoological Park. Three-Year Report, January 1, 1973-December 31,
1975. 138 pages, 22 black-and-white illustrations. July 1, 1977.
Smithsonian Institution International Exchange Service. Annual Report, 1976.
9 pages. March 1, 1977.
252 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Year, 1976. Report of the Smithsonian
Institution for the Period July 1, 1975, through September 30, 1976. viii -f 540
pages, 125 black-and-white illustrations. August 30, 1977. Paper: $6.80.
. Statement by the Secretary. The Smithsonian Institution, 1976. "The
Attic Refurbished" by S. Dillon Ripley and "Financial Report" by T. Ames
Wheeler. 75 pages, 17 black-and-white illustrations. January 25, 1977.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Annual Report, 1976. 20 pages, black-
and-white illustrations. June 15, 1977.
EXHIBITION CATALOGUES
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, Smithsonian Institution, September 1967/
1977. 42 pages, 122 black-and-white illustrations. September 15, 1977.
The Anacostia Story, xxviii + 158 pages, 4 color and 116 black-and-white
illustrations, 12 maps. March 3, 1977. Paper: $8.95.
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Andrew Hudson. 14 Canadians: A Critic's Clioice. 80 pages, 14 color and 28
black-and-white illustrations. February 3, 1977. Paper: $3.25.
Phyllis D. Rosenzweig. The Thomas Eakins Collection of the Hirshhorn Mu-
seum and Sculpture Garden. 240 pages, 5 color and 250 black-and-white illus-
trations. May 23, 1977. Paper: $8.25.
The Photography of Leland Rice. 12 pages, 1 color and 7 black-and-white illus-
trations. June 13, 1977. Paper: $.55.
National Collection of Fine Arts
Jacob Kainen: Prints, a Retrospective. 96 pages, 2 color and 152 black-and-
white illustrations. November 19, 1976. Paper: $4.00.
Renwick Gallery of the National Collection of Fine Arts
The Designs of Raymond Loeioy. 56 pages, 29 black-and-white illustrations.
Reprint. October 1, 1976. Paper: $2.50.
The Object as Poet. 85 pages, 6 color and 58 black-and-white illustrations.
December 30, 1976. Paper: $5.00.
Paint on Wood. 36 pages, 14 color and 19 black-and-white illustrations. May
11, 1977. Paper: $2.25.
Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service
Anthony N. Landreau. America Underfoot: The History of Floor Coverings.
ix + 76 pages, 8 color and 84 black-and-white illustrations. October 12, 1976.
EXHIBITION CHECKLISTS
Hirshhorn Mriseum and Sculpture Garden
The Arthur B. Carles Collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture
Garden. 4 pages, 7 black-and-white illustrations. August 18, 1977.
Appendix 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Press I 253
E. £. Cummings: The Poet as Artist. 16 pages, 71 black-and-white illustrations.
November 23, 1976.
Peter Plagens: Works on Paper. 8 pages, 1 color and 4 black-and-white illus-
trations. November 23, 1976.
National Collection of Fine Arts
The Art of Poetry. 16 pages, 10 black-and-white illustrations. November 23,
1976.
Arthur Wesley Dow. 10 pages, 3 black-and-white illustrations. July 25, 1977.
China Revisited: Ink Paintings by Thomas George. 12 pages, 6 black-and-white
illustrations. February 17, 1977. Paper: $1.25.
John White Alexander, 1856-1915. 16 pages, 9 black-and-white illustrations.
March 4, 1977.
Painting and Sculpture in California: The Modern Era. 23 pages, July 1, 1977.
Raices y Visiones/Roots and Visions. 16 pages, 10 black-and-white illustra-
tions. July 8, 1977.
BOOKS
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
Zora Martin Felton. A Walk through "Old" Anacostia. iv -f- 44 pages, 34
black-and-white illustrations. Reprint. October 1, 1976.
National Museum of Natural History
J. Meester and H. W. Setzer, Editors. The Mammals of Africa: An Identifica-
tion Manual. Fascicle V of V. Parts 1, 3.1, 6.8, 8, Conclusion, and Index. Loose-
leaf inserts. August 11, 1977. $5.00.
Office of Academic Studies
Smithsonian Opportunities for Research and Study in History, Art, Science.
152 pages. September 15, 1977.
Radiation Biology Laboratory
David L. Correll, John L. Edwards, and W. Shropshire, Jr. Phyto chrome: A
Bibliography. 411 pages. July 27, 1977.
Solar Radiation Measurements/1975-1976. 56 pages. October 1, 1976.
Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies
Paul Meadows, Mark LaGory, Linda Leue, and Peter Meadows. Recent Immi-
gration to the United States: The Literature of the Social Sciences. 112 pages.
October 22, 1976.
Renwick Gallery of the National Collection of Fine Arts
Elizabeth Wilder Weismann. Americas: The Decorative Arts in Latin America
in the Era of the Revolution. 80 pages, 4 color and 71 black-and-white illus-
trations. October 12, 1976. Paper: $6.80.
254 / Smithsonian Year 1977
BOOKLETS
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies
Bibliography of Research Conducted at the Chesapeake Bay Center for En-
vironmental Studies, 1968-1976. 9 pages. February 15, 1977.
National Air and Space Museum
Wiley Post's "Winnie Mae." Reprint. March 31, 1977.
The Wright Brothers. Reprint. January 15, 1977.
National Collection of Fine Arts
Education Programs. 18 pages, 6 black-and-white illustrations. Revised reprint.
October 22, 1976.
Information for Docents. 17 pages. Reprint. March 15, 1977.
National Museum of History and Technology
Rita J. Adrosko and Grace R. Cooper. Spinning and Weaving. 11 pages, 27
black-and-white illustrations. January 15, 1977. $.85.
Don H. Berkebile. Horse-Drawn Vehicles. 12 pages, 30 black-and-white illus-
trations. June 9, 1977. $.85.
Franklin Burns. American Stamps. 12 pages, 58 black-and-white illustrations.
June 9, 1977. $.85.
Tobia Frankel. Steam Engines and Turbines. 16 pages, 40 black-and-white
illustrations. June 9, 1977. $.85.
Paul V. Gardner. American Class. 11 pages, 34 black-and-white illustrations.
January 15, 1977. $.85.
David A. Hounshell. Telegraph, Telephone, Radio and Television. 16 pages,
36 black-and-white illustrations. June 9, 1977. $.85.
Peter Marzio. Perfect Likenesses. 28 pages, 2 illustrations. April 4, 1977.
Reidar Norby. Foreign Stamps. 12 pages, 75 black-and-white illustrations. June
9, 1977. $.85.
Eugene Ostroff. Photography. 16 pages, 32 black-and-white illustrations. Feb-
ruary 11, 1977. $.85.
Carl Scheele. American Post Offices. 12 pages, 39 black-and-white illustrations.
June 9, 1977. $.85.
The Doll's House. 32 pages, 48 black-and-white illustrations. Revised reprint.
March 31, 1977.
Pochoir. 22 pages, 5 color and 8 black-and-white illustrations. September 26,
1977.
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
Let's Co to the Smithsonian: Learning Opportunities for Schools, 1977-1978.
28 pages, 44 black-and-white illustrations. August 5, 1977.
Appendix 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Press I 255
Office of Museum Programs
The Museum Support Center. 16 pages, 30 black-and-white illustrations. March
11, 1977.
National Museum Act Guidelines for 1978 Grant Programs. 32 pages. July 5,
1977.
Office of Public Affairs
Smithsonian Institution Welcome (In French, German, Spanish, and Japanese).
17 pages, 3 color illustrations. July 29, 1977.
Smithsonian Institution Welcome. 16 pages, 3 color illustrations. September
29, 1977.
FOLDERS
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies. 6 black-and-white illustra-
tions. December 23, 1976.
Microtrails/Macrotrails. 6 black-and-white illustrations. December 23, 1976.
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Reprint. July 13, 1977.
National Air and Space Museum
Amelia Earhart. Reprint. March 30, 1977.
Charles A. Lindbergh and the Spirit of St. Louis. Reprint. June 10, 1977.
National Air and Space Museum (In French, German, and Spanish). April 5,
1977.
North American P-51 Mustang. Reprint. June 9, 1977.
Otto Lilienthal and Octave Chanute. Reprint. June 9, 1977.
The T-2 Airplane and the First Nonstop Coast-to-Coast Flight. Reprint. April
15, 1977.
National Collection of Fine Arts
From the Left Bank to Soho: Interactions in American Art and Literature,
1920-1970. March 15, 1977.
Inventory of American Paintings Executed before 1914. Revised reprint. March
15, 1977.
National Museum of History and Technology
The Honey Bee. Reprint. January 15, 1977.
Welcome to the National Museum of History and Technology. Reprint. Janu-
ary 15, 1977.
256 / Smithsonian Year 1977
National Museum of Natural History
Indian Pipes by George Catlin. 4 color and 3 black-and-white illustrations.
April 4, 1977.
National Museum of Natural History. February 21, 1977.
National Portrait Gallery
The Catalog of American Portraits. February 4, 1977.
Smithsonian Institution National Speakers Bureau. June 28, 1977.
Office of Elementary and Secondary Education
Art-to-Zoo (Newsletter). Published several times during the year.
Let's Co to the Smithsonian. Published several times during the year.
Office of Museum Programs
Smithsonian Institution Office of Museum Programs Workshop Series, April-
September, 1977. January 21, 1977.
Smithsonian Institution Office of Museum Programs Workshop Series, October
1977-April 1978. June 30, 1977.
Office of Public Affairs
The Smithsonian Institution. 15 black-and-white illustrations. August 9, 1976.
Renwick Gallery of the National Collection of Fine Arts
Renwick Gallery of the National Collection of Fine Arts. Reprint. May 2, 1977.
Smithsonian Associates
Smithsonian Institution (Building Guide in French, German, Spanish, and
Japanese). Reprint. August 5, 1977.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Revised reprint. March 1, 1977.
POSTERS
Smithsonian Institution Peace Corps Environmental Program. April 15, 1977.
Office of Academic Studies
Smithsonian Institution 1977-78 Programs in Higher Education and Research
Training in: American History and Material Culture, Earth Sciences, Biological
Sciences, Anthropology, Science and Technology, History of Art, and the
Epply Smithsonian Fellowships. August 1, 1977.
Appendix 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Press I 257
INVITATIONS
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Thomas Eakins Collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
April 20, 1977.
National Collection of Fine Arts
Arthur Wesley Dow. July 7, 1977.
The Art of Poetry. October 23, 1976.
Daniel Chester French: An American Sculptor. January 13, 1977.
High School Graphics V: Through the Eyes of New Printmakers. May 2, 1977.
Jacob Kainen: Prints, a Retrospective. October 19, 1976.
Mauricio Lansansky. March 1, 1977.
Painting and Sculpture in California. April 1, 1977.
Raices y Visiones/Roots and Visions. June 9, 1977
Raphael Soyer. September 8, 1977.
Robert Rauschenberg. October 1, 1976.
25th National Exhibition of Prints. May 5, 1977.
Renwick Gallery of the National Collection of Fine Arts
Grass. July 11, 1977.
The Object as Poet and Stitch Pictures by Ethel Mohamed. November 11, 1976.
Paint on Wood. February 23, 1977.
22 Polish Textile Artists. May 27, 1977.
Smithsonian Associates
Treasures of Tutankhamun. October 28, 1976.
A Victorian Evening. April 15, 1977.
Smithsonian Institution Press
Worthy of the Nation. August 24, 1977.
FLYERS
National Air and Space Museum
To Fly. January 1977.
National Museum of History and Technology
Everyday Life of a Soldier and Ben Franklin's Experiments with Electricity.
October 15, 1976.
National Museum of History and Technology (Exterior building inscriptions).
July 25, 1977.
258 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Renwick Gallery of the National Collection of Tine Arts
Americas: As Artes Decorativas na America Latina na Era da Revolucao.
October 10, 1977.
Las Americas: las artes decorativas en America Latina en la era de la Revo-
lution. October 10, 1976.
MISCELLANEOUS
Anacostia Neighborhood Museum
Certificate of Distinguished Achievement. September 15, 1977.
Chesapeake Bay Center for Environmental Studies
Cover for Work-Learn Programs in Environmental Studies. December 12, 1976.
National Collectio7i of Fine Arts
Portfolio Jacket for Docent Information. March 15, 1977.
Labels for pictures of the Collection. March 15, 1977.
National Zoological Park
Cards requesting that visitors not feed the animals. July 8, 1977.
Trail Map of the Zoo. July 8, 1977.
Office of Plant Services
Smithsonian Institution Telephone Directory. February 3, 1977.
SERIES PUBLICATIONS
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY
20. Dennis J. Stanford. "The Walakpa Site, Alaska: Its Place in the Birnirk
and Thule Cultures." 226 pages, 29 figures, 119 plates, 10 tables. December 1,
1976.
21. Owen S. Rye and Clifford Evans. "Traditional Pottery Techniques of Pakis-
tan: Field and Laboratory Studies." 283 pages, 38 figures, 82 plates, 15 tables.
November 1, 1976.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY
33. Mason E. Hale, Jr. "A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Parmelina Hale
(Parmeliaceae)." 60 pages, 21 figures. October 22, 1976.
36. F. Raymond Fosberg and Marie-Helene Sachet. "Flora of Micronesia, 3:
Convolvulaceae." 34 pages, 1 figure. February 2, 1977.
37. Joan W. Nowicke and John J. Skvarla. "Pollen Morphology and the Rela-
tionship of the Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, and Primulaceae to the Order
Centrospermae." 64 pages, 200 figures, 5 tables. August 18, 1977.
Appendix 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Press I 259
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARTH SCIENCES
18. Arthur Roe and John S. White, Jr. "A Catalog of the Type Specimens in
the Mineral Collection, National Museum of Natural History." 43 pages.
November 22, 1976.
19. Brian Mason, editor. "Mineral Sciences Investigations 1974-1975." 125
pages, 48 figures, 37 tables. March 9, 1977.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
1. George J. Hollenberg and James N. Norris. "The Red Alga Polysiphonia
(Rhodomelaceae) in the Northern Gulf of California." 21 pages, 10 figures.
August 25, 1977.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY
30. Porter M. Kier. "Triassic Echinoids." 88 pages, 16 figures, 21 plates, 2
tables. January 28, 1977.
31. Martin A. Buzas, Roberta K. Smith, and Kenneth A. Beem. "Ecology and
Systematics of Foraminifera in Two Thalassia Habitats, Jamaica, West Indies."
139 pages, 38 figures, 8 plates, 34 tables. July 11, 1977.
33. Richard H. Benson. "Evolution of Oblitacythereis from Paleocosta (Ostra-
coda: Trachyleberididae) during the Cenozoic in the Mediterranean and At-
lantic." 47 pages, 11 figures, 4 plates. August 29, 1977.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
219. Louis S. Kornicker and I. G. Sohn. "Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Mor-
phology of Living and Fossil Thaumatocypridacea (Myodocopa: Ostracoda)."
124 pages, 93 figures, 14 tables. December 20, 1976.
221. Kristian Fauchald. "Polychaetes from Intertidal Areas in Panama, with a
Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records." 81 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables.
April 25, 1977.
226. Daryl P. Domning. "Observations on the Myology of Dugong dugong
(Miiller)." 57 pages, 54 figures, 2 tables. January 5, 1977.
227. Ginter Ekis. "Classification, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Genus
Perilypus (Coleoptera: Cleridae)." 138 pages, 386 figures, 2 tables. March 31,
1977.
228. Ned E. Strenth. "A Review of the Systematics and Zoogeography of the
Freshwater Species of Palaemonetes Heller of North America (Crustacea:
Decapoda)." 27 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. October 22, 1976.
232. William D. Field and Jose Herrera. "The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera
Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Shaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia Field,
and Piercolias Staudinger." 64 pages, 198 figures, 5 maps. April 25, 1977.
235. Herbert Friedmann, Lloyd E. Kiff, and Stephen I. Rothstein. "A Further
Contribution to Knowledge of the Host Relations of the Parasitic Cowbirds."
75 pages. February 17, 1977.
237. Robert H. Gore and Lawrence G. Abele. "Shallow Water Porcelain Crabs
from the Pacific Coast of Panama and Adjacent Caribbean Waters (Crustacea:
Anomura: Porcellanidea)." 30 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. October 22, 1976.
260 / Smithsonian Year 1977
238. A. G. K. Menon. "A Systematic Monograph of the Tongue Soles of the
Genus Cynoglossus Hamilton-Buchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae)." 129 pages,
48 figures, 21 plates. April 25, 1977.
239. Christen M. Wemmer. "Comparative Ethology of the Large-spotted Genet
(Genetta tigrina) and Some Related Viverrids." 93 pages, 37 figures, 18 tables.
August 10, 1977.
240. H. H. Hobbs III and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. "On the Troglobitic Shrimps
of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Decapoda: Atyidae and Palaemonidae)."
23 pages, 8 figures, 2 maps. October 22, 1976.
241. Louis S. Kornicker and Francisca Elena Caraion. "West African Myodo-
copid Ostracoda (Cyprindinidae, Philomedidae)." 100 pages, 52 figures, 28
plates, 1 table. March 31, 1977.
242. W. Ronald Heyer. "Studies in Larval Amphibian Habitat Partitioning."
27 pages, 3 figures, 14 tables. October 29, 1976.
243. Arthur G. Humes. "Pseudanthessiid Copepods (Cyclopoida) Associated
with Crinoids and Echinoids (Echinodermata) in the Tropical Western Pacific
Ocean." 43 pages, 25 figures. January 21, 1977.
244. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., H. H. Hobbs III, and Margaret A. Daniel. "A Re-
view of the Troglobitic Decapod Crustraceans of the Americas." 183 pages, 70
figures, 1 table. May 31, 1977.
246. Roman Kenk. "Freshwater Triclads (Turbellaria) of North America, IX:
The Genus Sphalloplana." 38 pages, 62 figures, 1 table. February 2, 1977.
247. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., and Daniel J. Peters. "The Entocytherid Ostracods
of North Carolina." 73 pages, 33 figures, 3 tables, 12 maps. February 17, 1977.
248. Robert P. Higgens. "Redescription of Echinoderes dujardinii (Kinorhyn-
cha) with Descriptions of Closely Related Species." 26 pages, 31 figures, 2
tables. May 17, 1977.
252. Victor G. Springer, C. Lavett Smith, and Thomas H. Fraser. " Anisochro-
mis straussi, New Species of Protogynous Hermaphroditic Fish, and Synonymy
of the Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae." 15 pages,
2 figures, 4 tables. August 25, 1977.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY
34. Peter C. Marzio. "The Art Crusade: An Analysis of American Drawing
Manuals, 1820-1860." 94 pages, 47 figures. October 27, 1976.
35. Thomas Parke Hughes. "Science and the Instrument-makers: Michelson,
Sperry, and the Speed of Light." 18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. October 5, 1976.
38. Helen R. Hollis. "The Musical Instruments of Joseph Haydn: An Intro-
duction." 33 pages, 18 figures. May 23, 1977.
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETINS
192. A. Binion Amerson, Jr., and Philip C. Shelton. "The Natural History of
Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean." xix + 479 pages, 117 figures, 91
tables. December 1976.
193-205. In one volume, as follows. Febuary 1977.
193. Edward A. Drew. A Photographic Survey Down the Seaward Reef-Front
of Aldabra Atoll, ii + 17 pages, 6 figures, 3 plates.
Appendix 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Press I 261
194. Carden C. Wallace and E. R. Lovell. "Topography and Coral Distribu-
tion of Bushy and Redbill Islands and Surrounding Reef, Great Barrier Reef,
Queensland." 27 pages, 3 figures, 3 plates.
195. P. G. Flood. "Coral Cays of the Capricorn and Bunker Groups, Great
Barrier Reef Province, Australia." 24 pages, 8 figures, 10 plates.
196. Lee C. Gerhard. "Submarine Cementation of Grainstone Fabric, St. Croix,
U.S. Virgin Islands. 9 pages, 5 figures.
197. Mark J. Valencia. "Christmas Island (Pacific Ocean) : Reconnaissance Geo-
logic Observations." 17 pages, 5 figures.
J 98. Roger B. Clapp. "Notes on the Vertebrate Fauna of Tongareva Atoll." 8
pages, 1 table.
199. Mary E. Gillham. "Observations on Vegetation of Blue-Faced Booby
Colonies on Cosmoledo Atoll, Western Indian Ocean." 11 pages.
200. Mary E. Gillham. "Vegetation of Sea and Shore-Bird Colonies on Al-
dabra Atoll." 19 pages, 1 table.
201. C. B. Frith. "Life History Notes on Some Aldabran Land Birds." 17
pages, 1 figure.
202. D. R. Stoddart and L. U. Mole. "Climate of Aldabra Atoll." 27 pages, 6
figures, 15 tables.
203. Gerard Faure. "Annotated Check List of Corals in the Mascarene Archi-
pelago, Indian Ocean." 26 pages, 1 table.
204. Gerard Faure. "Annotated Check List of Octocorallia in the Mascarene
Archipelago, Indian Ocean." 13 pages.
205. A. J. Bruce. "The Hosts of the Coral-Associated Indo-West-Pacific Pon-
toniine Shrimps." 19 pages with frontispiece.
206-207. In one volume, as follows. May 1977.
206. Roger B. Clapp and Eugene Kridler. "The Natural History of Necker
Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands." iv + 102 pages, 16 figures, 25 tables.
207. Roger B. Clapp, Eugene Kridler, and Robert R. Fleet. "The Natural His-
tory of Nihoa Island, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands." v + 147 pages, 32
figures, 34 tables.
208-219. In one volume, as follows. May 1977.
208. Wm. Randolph Taylor. "Notes on Plants on the Genus Caulerpa in the
Herbarium of Maxwell S. Doty at the University of Hawaii." 17 pages.
209. Wm. Randolph Taylor. "Marine Algae of the Te Vega 1965 Expedition in
the Western Pacific Ocean." 16 pages.
210. H. E. Hackett. "Marine Algae Known from the Maldive Islands." 32
pages, 2 figures.
211. Judith L. Connor and Walter H. Adey. "The Benthic Algal Composition,
Standing Crop, and Productivity of a Caribbean Algal Ridge." 40 pages, 17
figures, 5 tables.
212. Roy T. Tsuda, Steven S. Amesbury, and Steven C. Moras. "Preliminary
Observations on the Algae, Corals, and Fishes Inhabiting the Sunken Ferry
'Fujikawa Maru' in Truk Lagoon." 6 pages.
213. A. Donaldson and B. A. Whitton. "Chemistry of Freshwater Pools on
Aldabra." 28 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables.
262 / Smithsonian Year 1977
214. B. A. Whitton and M. Potts. "Observation of Redox Potential in Fresh-
water Pools on Aldabra." 6 pages, 1 table.
215. A. Donaldson and B. A. Whitton. "Algal Flora of Freshwater Habitats
on Aldabra." 26 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables.
216. B. A. Whitton and A. Donaldson. "Terrestrial and Freshwater Algae of
Three Western Indian Ocean Islands (Astove, Farquhar and St. Pierre)." 8
pages, 1 table.
217. B. A. Whitton, A. Donaldson, D. J. Bellamy, and C. Sheppard. "Terres-
trial and Swamp Algae from Three Islands in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian
Ocean." 9 pages, 5 tables.
218. Walter H. Adey, Patricia J. Adey, Randolph Burke, and Leslie Kaufman.
"The Holocene Reef Systems of Eastern Martinique, French West Indies." 40
pages, 14 figures, 4 tables.
219. "Island News and Comment." 30 pages.
Appendix 5. Publications of the Smithsonian Press I 263
APPENDIX 6. Publications of the Staff of the Smithsonian
Institution and Its Subsidiaries in Fiscal Year 1977
Publications are by staff members unless otherwise noted.
SCIENCE
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MAN, CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN
National Anthropological Film Center
Sorenson, E. Richard. "Growing Up As A Fore Is To Be 'In Touch' And Free."
Smithsonian Magazine, May 1977.
Sorenson, E. Richard. "Growing Up As A Fore Is To Be 'In Touch' And Free."
culturation: A Preliminary Report." In Enculturation in Latin America: An
Anthology, edited by Johannes Wilbert. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin Ameri-
can Center Publications, 1976.
Research Institute on Immigration and Ethnic Studies
Bryce-Laporte, Roy S., and Stephen R. Couch, editors. Exploratory Fieldwork
on Latino Migrants and Indochinese Refugees. Washington, D.C. : Smith-
sonian Institution, 1976.
Bryce-Laporte, Roy S., and Delores M. Mortimer, editors. Caribbean Immigra-
tion to the United States. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution, 1976.
Hune, Shirley. Pacific Migration to the United States: Trends and Themes in
Historical and Sociological Literature. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian In-
stitution, 1977.
Meadows, Paul, Mark LaGory, Linda Leue, and Peter Meadows. Recent Im-
migration to the United States: The Literature of the Social Sciences.
Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1976.
CHESAPEAKE BAY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Allan, J. David, Thomas G. Kinsey, and Melody C. James. "Abundances and
Production and Copepods in the Rhode River Subestuary of Chesapeake
Bay." Chesapeake Bay Science, volume 17, number 2 (1976), pages 86-92.
Atterbury, G. E. "'CBCES': Help for Bay Communities." Chesapeake Bay
Magazine, volume 6, number 4 (1976), pages 20-21.
Beane, Marjorie. "Forest Fragmentation Leads to a Decline in Bird Species
Diversity." Research Reports, Smithsonian Institution, Summer 1977, pages
3-4.
. Assessing Non-Point Source Pollution: A Detailed Study of a Rural
Watershed in the Coastal Plain of Maryland. Washington, D.C. : Smith-
sonian Institution, 1977.
. The Effects of Land Use on Water Quality: A Summary of Research
Findings on Non-Point Source Pollution. Washington, DC: Smithsonian
Institution, 1977.
264 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. Environmental Cornmunications and the Information Transfer Proc-
ess: A Model Approach for the Chesapeake Bay Region. Washington, D.C. :
Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Branscomb, E. S. "Proximate Causes of Mortality Determining the Distribu-
tion and Abundance of the Barnacle Balanus improvisus Darwin in Chesa-
peake Bay." Chesapeake Bay Science, volume 17, number 4 (1976), pages
281-288.
Carney, J. F., and R. R. Colwell. "Heterotrophic Utilization of Glucose and
Glutamate in an Estuary: Effect of Season and Nutrient Load." Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, volume 31, number 2 (1976), pages 227-
233.
Chirlin, Gary R. Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay: IV. Weekly
Surface Hydrology of Seven Sub-Basins within the Rhode River Watershed,
Calendar Years 1974-76. Chesapeake Research Consortium, publication
number 57, 1977.
Chirlin, Gary R., and D. L. Correll. "A Linear Approach to the Calculation of
Area Yield Coefficients Based on Land Use." In Watershed Research in
Eastern North America. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Chirlin, Gary R., and R. W. Schaffner. "Observations on the Water Balance
for Seven Sub-Basins of the Rhode River, Maryland." In Watershed Re-
search in Eastern North America. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institu-
tion, 1977.
Correll, D. L., "The Relative Contribution of Point and Non-Point Sources of
Nutrients and Pathogens." In Water Quality Coals for Chesapeake Bay —
What Are They and How Can They Be Achieved? Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, publication number 708, pages 19-31. Blacks-
burg, Virginia, 1976.
Correll, D. L. and J. J. Miklas. "Phosphorus Cycling in a Maryland Deciduous
Forest Subjected to Various Levels of Mineral Nutrient Loading." In Min-
eral Cycling in Southeastern Ecosystems, edited by F. G. Howell, J. B. Gen-
try, and M. H. Smith, erda Symposium Series Conference — 740513. 1976.
Correll, D. L., E. S. Friebele, and J. Miklas. Non-Point Source Studies on
Chesapeake Bay: II. Nutrients in Land Runoff from Rhode River Water-
sheds in 1975 and 1976. Chesapeake Research Consortium, publication
number 55, 1977.
Correll, D. L., J. W. Pierce, and M. A. Faust. "A Quantitative Study on the
Nutrient, Sediment and Coliform Bacterial Constituents of Water Runoff
from the Rhode River Watershed." In Proceedings of a Southeastern Re-
gional Conference on Non-Point Sources of Water Pollution. Virginia Poly-
technic Institute and State University, pages 131-143. Blacksburg, Virginia,
1975.
Correll, D. L., T. L. Wu, E. S. Friebele, and J. Miklas. "Nutrient Discharges
from Rhode River Watersheds and Their Relationship to Land Use Pat-
terns." In Watershed Research in Eastern North America. Washington,
DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Drake, B. J. "Estimating Water Status and Biomass of Plant Communities by
Remote Sensing." Ecological Studies, 19 pages. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,
1976.
. "Seasonal Changes in Reflectances and Standing Crop Biomass in
Three Salt Marsh Communities." Plant Physiology, volume 58 (1976), pages
696-699.
Falk, J. H. "The Frenetic Life Forms that Flourish in Suburban Lawns."
Smithsonian, April 1977, pages 90-86.
Faust, M. A. "Coliform Bacteria from Diffuse Sources as a Factor in Estuarine
Pollution." Water Research, volume L0 (1976), pages 619-627.
. Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay: I. Bacterial Contami-
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 265
nation from the Rhode River Watershed, Concentrations and Survival Stud-
ies in the Estuary. Chesapeake Research Consortium, publication number
53, 1976.
Faust, M. A., and D. L. Correll. "Comparison between Bacterial and Algal
P-Uptake in an Estuarine Environment." Marine Biology, volume 34 (1976),
pages 151-162.
. "Autoradiographic Study to Detect Metabolically Active Phytoplank-
ton and Bacteria in the Rhode River Estuary." Marine Biology, volume 41
(1977), pages 293-305.
Faust, M. A., and N. M. Goff. "Basin Size, Water Flow and Land Use Affects
on Fecal Coliform Pollution from a Rural Watershed." In Watershed Re-
search in Eastern North America. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institu-
tion, 1977.
Faust, M. A., N. M. Goff, and A. C. Jackson. Non-Point Source Studies on
Chesapeake Bay: III. Relationship between Bacterial Contamination and
Land Use in the Rhode River Watershed, and Survival Studies of Strepto-
coccus Faecalis in the Estuary. Chesapeake Research Consortium, publica-
tion number 56, 1977.
Miklas, J., T. L. Wu, A. Hiatt, and D. L. Correll. "Nutrient Loading of the
Rhode River Watershed via Land Use Practice and Precipitation." In Water-
shed Research in Eastern North America. Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian
Institution, 1977.
Pierce, J. W. Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay: IV. Particulates.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, publication number 59, 1977.
Pierce, J. W., and F. T. Dulong. "Dischcharge of Suspended Particulates from
Rhode River Subwatersheds." In Watershed Research in Eastern North
America. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Roberts, W. P., and J. W. Pierce. "Deposition in the Upper Patuxent Estuary,
Maryland, 1968-69." Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, volume 4
(1976), pages 267-280.
Wu, T. L., and M. Hoopes. "Land Utilization and Metals Discharge from
Rhode River Watersheds." In Watershed Research in Eastern North Amer-
ica. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
. Non-Point Source Studies on Chesapeake Bay: VII. Cations. Chesa-
peake Research Consortium, publication number 60, 1977.
Wu, T. L., and N. Mick. "Runoff Studies of the Agricultural Herbicides,
Alachlor and Atrazine from Rhode River Watershed during the 1976 Grow-
ing Season." In Watershed Research in Eastern North America. Washing-
ton, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM
Collins, Michael. "Showing Lindbergh the Air and Space Museum." Saturday
Review, April 1977.
. "The Space Shuttle." Smithsonian, May 1977.
Zisfein, M. B. "The National Air and Space Museum." Museum, Summer
1977.
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies
Andre, C. G., I. Adler, R. W. Wolfe, J. R. Weidner, and J. A. Philpotts.
"Chemical Character of the Partially Flooded Smythii Basin from Al/Si
Orbital X-ray Data." [Abstract] Lunar Science VIII, Lunar Science Institute,
Houston, Texas, pages 37-39. 1977.
D'Alli, R. E. "The Significance of Bright Spots Observed During the 1971
Martian Dust Storm." Icarus, volume 31 (1977), pages 146-156.
266 / Smithsonian Year 1977
El-Baz, Farouk. "Evolution of the Lunar Crust: The Stratigraphic Approach."
[Abstract] In Chemical Evolution-Comparative Planetology, College Park
Colloquium (September-October 1976), University of Maryland, page 21.
. "Dirasat Al-Ard min Al-Fada (Study of the Earth from Space, in
Arabic)." From the Fruits of Thought, The First Cultural Season — 1976,
Qatar National Press, Doha, Qatar, pages 85-97.
"Lunar Stratigraphy." In The Moon — A New Appraisal from Space
Missions and Laboratory Analyses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal
Society, London, England. A 285 (1977), pages 549-553.
"Dune Migration on Earth and Mars." Internet Reports, number 75.
Concord, Massachusetts: Internet, 1977.
"La recolte 'Apollo' sur la lune (Results of the Apollo Lunar Missions,
in French)." Journal D'Egypt, February 1977, pages 4-6.
"Harvest of Apollo Science." Education, Qatar National Commission
for Education, Culture and Science, Number 19 (February 1977), pages
10-11.
"Al-Tarikh Al-Geology le Sath Al-Qamar wa Elm Muqgaranat Al-
Kawakib (The Geologic History of the Moon and Comparative Planetology,
in Arabic)." Al-Elm (Science), Cairo, Egypt, volume 13 (March 1977), pages
30-34.
"Risala (A Message, in Arabic)." [Introduction] Al-Shabab ela ayn
(Youth), by H. Tantawi, pages 11-14. Cairo: Dar El-Shab Press, 1977.
-.[Review] Space Geology: An Introduction, by Elbert A. King. EOS,
Transcripts of the American Geophysical Union, volume 58, number 3
(1977), page 133.
"NASA-Lunar Polar Orbiter." Witness Testimony before the Sub-
committee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives,
95th Congress, First Session. Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment— Independent Agencies Appropriations for 1978, Part 7, pages 289-
291, 1977.
"Expanding Desert Creates Grim Beauty But Also Threatens Crucial
Cropland." Smithsonian, volume 8, number 3 (June 1977), pages 34-41 and
122.
"Onslaught on the Nile: Shifting Dunes Threaten Egypt's Breadbas-
ket." [Also published in French, Spanish, Russian, German, Arabic, Japa-
nese, Italian, Hindi, Tamil, Hebrew, Persian, Dutch, Portugese, Turkish,
and Urdu translations] The UNESCO Courier, July 1977, pages 23-24 and
33.
El-Baz, F., and D. E. Wilhelms. Geologic Map of the East Side of the Moon.
Map 1-948. Washington, D.C: U.S. Geological Survey, 1977.
Head, J. W., and A. W. Gifford. "Lunar Mare Domes: Classification and
Modes of Origin." In Lunar Science VIII, Lunar Science Institute, Houston,
Texas, pages 418-420. 1977.
Maxwell, T. A. Stratigraphy and Tectonics of Southeastern Serenitatis. [Ph.D.
Dissertation] Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah, 1977.
Maxwell, T. A., and F. El-Baz. "Mare Stratigraphy of Southeastern Sereni-
tatis." In Lunar Science VIII, Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas, pages
631-633. 1977.
Maxwell, T. A., P. L. Strain, and F. El-Baz. "Analysis of Low Altitude X-Ray
Fluorescence Data From Mare Crisium and Mare Smythii." In Lunar Sci-
ence VIII, Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas, pages 634-636. 1977.
Strain, P. L., and F. El-Baz. "Topography of Sinuous Rilles in the Harbinger
Mountains Region of the Moon." The Moon, volume 16 (1977), pages 221-
229.
Wolfe, R. W., and F. El-Baz. "Photogeology of the Multi-Ringed Crater Hal-
dane in Mare Smythii." In Proceedings of the Seventh Lunar Science Con-
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 267
ference, [Supplement 7, Geochim. et Cosmoshim. Acta], volume 3, pages
2903-2912. Cambridge, Massachusetts: M.I.T. Press, 1976.
Department of Aeronautics
Boyne, Walter J. "The New National Air and Space Museum." Aviation
Quarterly, volume 2, number 3.
. "The Gallery of Air Transportation." Aviation Quarterly, volume 2,
number 4.
"Aircraft — Great and Not So Great." Aviation Quarterly, volume 3,
number 1.
"Howell Miller and the Gee Bee Story." Aviation Quarterly, volume
3, number 2.
. "Renaissance at Silver Hill." Airpower, January 1977.
. "The Custer Channel Wing." Airpower, May 1977.
. "Odd Aircraft." Airpower, May 1977.
. "The Hughes D-2." Wings, June 1977.
— . "The Next 50 Years." Pan American Clipper, July 1977.
"The Hughes H-l." Wings, September 1977.
Casey, Louis S., and John Batchelor. Naval Aircraft 1911-1938. London:
Phoebus Publishing Co., 1977.
. "Naval Aircraft 1911-1945. London: Hamlyn Publishing Co., 1977.
Mikesh, Robert C. Japanese Cockpit Interiors, Part 1. Monogram Books, 1976.
. "Bicentennial Warhawk." Wings, October 1976.
. "Restoring the P-40." Koku Fan, October 1976.
. "Emily: She Was No Lady." Air Classics Quarterly, November 1976.
. "Tachikawa's Flying Gas Tanks." Koku Fan, December 1976.
. "Japan's Exported War Booty." Koku Fan, February 1977.
. "00," Year of the Tiger. Airpower, March 1977.
. "The Smithsonian's Zero," Part I. Koku Fan, March 1977.
. "The Smithsonian's Zero," Part II. Koku Fan, April 1977.
. "The Japanese 'Gooney'." Air Line Pilot, April 1977.
. "How England's Canberra Joined the USAF." Wings, August 1977.
. "Building the Canberra, Part II of the B-57 Story." Airpower, Sep-
tember 1977.
Department of Astronautics
Crouch, Tom D. "Americans and the Airplane, part 3." Aviation Quarterly,
volume 2, number 3 (Third Quarter 1976).
. Americans and the Airplane, part 4." Aviation Quarterly, volume 3,
number 4 (Fourth Quarter 1976).
-. Washington Harrison Donaldson: Aerial Showman." Aviation Quar-
terly, volume 4, number 1 (First Quarter 1977).
Durant, F. C, III. "Wernher von Braun — In Memoriam." Astronautics and
Aeronautics, volume 15, number 7 (July-August 1977).
Winter, Frank H. "Buffalo Balloon Carries Airmail Postage." Linn's Stamp
News, volume 50, number 25 (June 13, 1977), pages 50-51.
. "Birth of the Vfr: The Start of Modern Astronautics." Spaceflight,
volume 19, numbers 7-8, pages 243-256.
Department of Science and Technology
Hallion, Richard P. Legacy of Flight: The Guggenheim Contribution to Amer-
ican Aviation. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977.
268 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "The American Buzz Bombs." Aeroplane Monthly, volume 4, number
11 (November 1976), pages 566-571.
"American Flight Research and Flight Testing: An Overview from
the Wright Brothers to the Space Shuttle." Cockpit: The Magazine of the
Society of Experimental Test Pilots, January-February 1977.
. "The Northrop X-4." Air Enthusiast Quarterly, number 3 (1976).
. "The Douglas X-3." Air Enthusiast Quarterly, number 4 (1977).
-. "Twilight of the Piston-Powered Airplane: The Republic XF-12/RC-2
Rainbow." Aviation Quarterly, volume 3, number 1, (1977).
Hanle, Paul A. [Review] The History of Quantum Theory, by Friedrich Hund.
1515, volume 67 (December 1976), pages 625-626.
. "The Coming of Age of Erwin Schrodinger: His Quantum Statistics
of Ideal Gases." Archive for History of Exact Sciences, volume 17.
Presentation and Education Division
Bondurant, Russell Lynn. "A Grave Situation." Instructor, volume 86, num-
ber 8 (April 1977), page 111-114.
. "From Kitty Hawk to the Moon and Beyond — A Visit to the New
National Air and Space Museum." AIAA Student Journal, volume 15, num-
ber 1 (Spring 1977), pages 22-24.
Chamberlain, Von Del. "Sky Interpretation Update." In Touch, National Park
Service Newsletter, May 1977, pages 16-17.
. "Sky Interpretation: A Project of the American Astronomical Soci-
ety." Journal of the Association of Interpretive Naturalists, August 1977.
-, editor. Sky Interpretation Resource Bidletin, Volume II (1977). Pub-
lished and distributed by the American Astronomical Society with funds
by the National Science Foundation.
Snider, Harold. "The Inviting Air of an Accessible Space." Museum News,
January-February 1977, pages 18-23.
. "Museums & the Blind." Arts for the Blind & Visually Impaired Edu-
cational Facilities Laboratory, June 1977.
. "Museums & the Blind — A Look Ahead." Braille Monitor, September
1977.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Department of Anthropology
Angel, J. Lawrence. "Colonial to Modern Skeletal Change in the U.S.A."
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, volume 45, number 3 (1976),
pages 723-736.
. "Introduction to Symposium in Honor of T. Dale Stewart (ed. J. L.
Angel.)" American Journal of Physical Anthropology, volume 45, number
3 (1976), pages 519-530.
Angel, J. Lawrence, and Donald G. Cherry. "Personality Reconstruction From
Unidentified Remains." FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, volume 46, number
8 (1977), pages 12-15.
Briggs, Marion F., and Sarah D. McAnulty. The Ghost Dance Tragedy at
Wounded Knee. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution, Office of Print-
ing and Photographic Services, 1977.
Crocker, William H. "O Movimento Messianco dos Canelas: Uma Intro-
ducao." In Leituras de Etnologia Brasileira, edited by E. Schaden, pages
515-527. Sao Paulo : Companhia Editora Nacional (Biblioteca Universitaria,
Serie 2a — Ciencias Sociais, volume 7), 1976.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 269
Evans, Clifford. "Background and Introduction." In Symposium: New Re-
search Designs Applied to Paleo-lndian Problems: Some Preliminary Re-
sults. Adas del XL1 Congresso Internacional de Americanist as, volume 3
(1976), pages 458-461.
Ewers, John C. "Spanish Cattle in Plains Indian Art." Great Plains Journal,
volume 16, number 1 (Fall 1976), pages 66-76.
. "Foreword." In Cyrus E. Dallin, Let Justice Be Done, by Rell G. Fran-
cis. Springville, Utah: Springville Museum of Art in cooperation with Utah
American Bicentennial Committee, 1976.
"Five Strings to his Bow. The Remarkable Career of William (Lone
Star) Dietz: Artist, Athlete, Actor, Teacher, Football Coach." Montana:
The Magazine of Western History, volume 27, number 1 (Winter 1977),
pages 2-13.
"The Making and Uses of Maps by Plains Indian Warriors." By
Valor and Arms, volume 3, number 1 (1977), pages 36-43.
Fitzhugh, William. "William Fitzhugh Comments on David Yesner's Review
of Prehistoric Maritime Adaptations of the Circumpolar Zone." Reviews in
Anthropology, volume 3, number 5 (1976), pages 486-495.
. "Tribute to Explorer Lost in Labrador," Smithsonian Magazine, De-
cember 1976, pages 109-119.
"Population Movement and Cultural Change on the Central Labrador
Coast." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, volume 288 (Febru-
ary 1977), pages 481-497.
"Regional Repositories: A View from the Smithsonian." In Regional
Centers in Archaeology: Prospects and Problems, edited by William H.
Marquardt, pages 18-19. Missouri Archaeological Society Research Series,
number 14, 1977.
Gibson, Bethune M. "Conservation of a Fan." Journal of the American Insti-
tute for Conservation, volume 16, number 2 (February 1977), pages 3—11.
Gibson, Gordon D. "Himba Epochs." History in Africa, volume 4 (1977),
page 67-121.
Goddard, R. H. Ives, III. "Some Early Examples of American Indian Pidgin
English." International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 43 (1977),
pages 37-41.
. "The Morphologization of Algonquian Consonant Mutation." In Pro-
ceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society,
pages 241-250. Berkeley, California, 1977.
"Philological Approaches to the Study of North American Indian
Languages: Documents and Documentation." In Native Languages of the
Americas, edited by Thomas A. Sebeok, volume I, pages 73-91. New York
and London: Plenum Press.
-. [Review] Riding on the Frontier's Crest: Mahican Indian Culture and
Culture Change," by Ted J. Brasser. Ethnohistory, volume 22 (1975 [1976]),
page 185-187.
[Review] Indian Names in Connecticut, by J. Hammond Trumbull.
International Journal of American Linguistics, volume 43 (1977'
Hassan, Afifa A., and Donald J. Ortner. "Inclusions in Bone Material as a
Source of Error in Radiocarbon Dating." Archaeometry, volume 19 (1977).
Houchins, Chang-Su. "Konch'uk kwa hoehwa: ch'oech'o iii Man'guk minhwa
sujip (Architecture and Graphics: Introduction to the Bernadou Collection
of Korean Folk Paintings in U. S. National Museum.)" Konch'uk Man'guk
(Korean Architecture), pages 50-51. Seoul, Korea, September 1976.
. "The Five Blessings and Korean Coin Charms: A Phychocultural
Analysis." Korea Journal, volume 17, number 2 (February 1977), pages 12-
26. Seoul, Korea: UNESCO Korean Commission.
Koritzer, Richard T. [Abstract] "Dental Caries." American Journal of Physi-
cal Anthropology, volume 47, number 1 (1976), page 143.
270 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "An Anthropological Approach to the Study of Dental Pathology."
In Orofacial Growth and Development, edited by Albert A. Dahlberg and
Thomas Graber, pages 283-299. 1977.
. "Dental Caries and Enamel Trace Elements in Potomac Indians."
Georgetown Dental Journal, volume 41, number 2 (1977).
Laughlin, Robert M. "Of Wonders Wild and New: Dreams from Zinacantan."
Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology, number 22, 1976.
Levy, John D., and Richard T. Koritzer. "Enamel, Silicon, and Fluoride Rela-
tionships Demonstrating a Surface Silicon Effect and Facilitating Fluoride
Uptake." Journal of Dental Research, volume 55, number 5 (1976), pages
733-737.
McAnulty, Sarah D. "Angel DeCora: American Indian Artist and Educator."
Nebraska History, volume 57 (1976), pages 143-199.
Meggers, Betty J. "Introductions" and "Concluding Remarks." In Symposium:
Effects of Environmental Differences on the Transition from Hunting and
Gathering to Settled Life in the Peruvian Highlands. Adas del XL1 Con-
gresso Internacional de Americanistas, volume 3 (1976), pages 530-531 and
590-591.
. "Vegetational Fluctuation and Prehistoric Cultural Adaptation in
Amazonia: Some Tentative Correlations." World Archaeology, volume 8
(1977), pages 287-303.
Meggers, Betty ]., and Clifford Evans. "Early Formative Period Chronology of
the Ecuadorian Coast: A Correction." American Antiquity, volume 42
(1977), pages 266.
Ortner, Donald J. "The Paleopathology Program at the Smithsonian Institu-
tion: Purposes and Present Status." Bulletin of the New York Academy of
Medicine, volume 52, number 10 (1976), pages 1197-1206.
. "Microscopic and Molecular Biology of Human Compact Bone: An
Anthropological Perspective." Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, volume
19 (1976).
Ortner, Donald J., and Robert S. Corruccini. "The Skeletal Biology of the Vir-
ginia Indians." American Journal of Physical Anthropology, volume 45,
number 3 (1976), pages 717-722.
Ortner, Donald J., David W. von Endt, and M. S. Robinson. "The Effect of
Temperature on Protein Decay in Bone: Its Significance in Nitrogen Dating
of Archeological Material." In Experimental Archeology. New York: Co-
lumbia University Press (1977).
Riesenberg, Saul H. "The Organization of Navigational Knowledge on Pulu-
wat." In Pacific Navigation and Voyaging, by The Polynesian Society In-
corporated, pages 91-128. Wellington, New Zealand, 1976.
Rose, Carolyn L. "Comments on the Exchange of Information on Conserva-
tion Methods and Practices Between Conservators and Archeologists." In
Pacific Northwest Wet Site Wood Conservation Conference, volume 2
(1977), pages 83-87.
. "The Training of Conservation Specialists Within a Museum Studies
Program." In American Institute for Conservation Conference, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1977.
Rye, Owen S., and Clifford Evans. "Traditional Pottery Techniques of Paki-
stan: Field and Laboratory Studies." Smithsonian Contributions to Anthro-
pology, number 21, 1976.
St. Hoyme, L. E., and Richard T. Koritzer. "Ecology of Dental Disease."
American Journal of Physical Anthropology, volume 45, number 3 (1976),
pages 673-686.
Stewart, T. Dale. "Are Supra-Inion Depressions Evidence of Prophylactic
Trephination?" Bulletin of the History of Medicine, volume 50 (1976),
pages 414-434.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 271
. "Adolpho Hans Schultz (1891-1976)." Yearbook of the American
Philosophical Society, 1976, pages 118-122.
"The Neanderthal Skeletal Remains from Shanidar Cave, Iraq: A
Summary of Findings to Date. In Proceedings of the American Philosophi-
cal Society, volume 121 (1977), pages 121-165.
Sturtevant, William C. "Perfect Likenesses: Portraits for History of the Indian
Tribes of North America (1837-44)." [Exhibition Catalogue] Washington,
D.C. : National Museum of History and Technology, 1977.
. [Review] "Sacred Circles: Two Thousand Years of North American
Indian Art." [Exhibition] Council for Museum Anthropology Newsletter,
volume 1, number 2 (1977), pages 18-20.
[Review] The Invasion of America, by R. Jennings. William and
Mary Quarterly, volume 34, number 2 (1977), pages 312-314.
Ubelaker, Douglas H. "Analysis of the Human Skeletal Remains from the
Rosenkrans Site, Sussex County, New Jersey." In The Rosenkrans Site, An
Adena-Related Mortuary Complex in the Upper Delaware Valley, New
Jersey. [Appendix II] Archaeology of Eastern North America, volume 4
(1976), pages 45-50.
. "Prehistoric New World Population Size: Historical Review and Cur-
rent Appraisal of North American Estimates." American Journal of Physi-
cal Anthropology, volume 45, number 3 (1976), pages 661-666.
"The Sources and Methodology for Mooney's Estimates of North
American Indian Populations." In The Native Population of the Americas
in 1492, edited by William M. Denovan, pages 243-288. Madison, Wiscon-
sin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1976.
Ubelaker, Douglas H., and Marianne Bouvier. "A Comparison of Two Meth-
ods for the Microscopic Determination of Age at Death." American Journal
of Physical Anthropology, volume 46, number 3 (1977), pages 391-394.
Ubelaker, Douglas H., and Virginia L. Merchant. "Skeletal Growth of the
Protohistoric Ankara." American Journal of Pliysical Anthropology, volume
46, number 1 (1977), pages 61-72.
Ubelaker, Douglas H, and P. Willey, "Notched Teeth from the Texas Pan-
handle." Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, volume 66, num-
ber 4 (1976), pages 239-246.
. "Human Skeletal Remains from Cramer Park, St. Croix." Bulletin 26,
Office of the Territorial Archaeologist, Government of the Virgin Islands of
the United States (1977), pages 1-2.
"Human Skeletal Remains from Botany Bay, St. Thomas." Bulletin
29, Office of the Territorial Archaeologist, Government of the Virgin Is-
lands of the United States (1977), pages 1-3.
Viola, Herman J. The Indian Legacy of Charles Bird King. Washington, D.C:
Smithsonian Institution Press, 1976.
. "How Did an Indian Chief Really Look?" Smithsonian, June 1977,
pages 100-104.
Wedel, Waldo R. "The Education of a Plains Archeologist." The Plains An-
thropologist, volume 22, number 75 (1977), pages 1-11.
. "Native Astronomy and the Plains Caddoans." In Native American
Astronomy, edited by Anthony F. Aveni, pages 131-145. Austin: University
of Texas Press, 1977.
-. "An Introduction to Pawnee Archeology." [Reprint] Bureau of Ameri-
can Ethnology Bulletin 112, Smithsonian Institution, 1936 by J & L Reprint
Company, Lincoln, Nebraska, 1977.
Wedel, Waldo R., and Mildred M. Wedel. "Wichita Archeology and Ethno-
history." In Kansas and the West: Bicentennial Essays in Honor of Nyle H.
Miller, pages 8-20. Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1976.
272 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Department of Botany
Ayensu, Edward S. "Alternatives for Biological Resources in Africa." Journal
of the Washington Academy of Sciences, volume 66, number 4 (1976),
pages 197-205.
. "Scanning Electron Microscopy of Epidermal Features in Erithryna
(Fabaceae)." Lloydia, volume 40 (September-October 1977).
"Understanding Life." In The Smithsonian Experience, edited by James
K. Page, Jr., Russell Bourne, and Alexis Doster III, pages 120-127. Washing-
ton, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Bohlmann, F., C. Zdero, R. M. King, and H. Robinson. "A New Ageratone
Derivative from Isocarpha oppositifolia." Phytochemistry, volume 16 (1977),
page 768.
Cowan, Richard S. "A Taxonomic Revision of Elizabetha (Leguminosae-Caesa-
linioideae)." Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van
Wetenschappen of Amsterdam, series C, volume 79, number 4 (1976), pages
323-346.
. "Studies of Tropical American Leguminosae — VIII." In Proceedings of
the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90, number 2 (1977), pages
237-242.
Cuatrecasas, J. "Moraceae." In La Vegetacion de la Cima del Macizo de Jaua,
by Julian A. Steyermark and C. Brewer-Carias, pages 321-323. Boletin de la
Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, volume 22, numbers 132-133,
March 1976.
. "A New Subtribe in the Heliantheae (Compositae) : Espeletiinae." Phy-
tologia, volume 35, number 1 (1976), pages 43-61.
"Westoniella, a New Genus of the Astereae from the Costa Rican
paramos." Phytologia, volume 35, number 6 (1977), pages 471-487.
DeFilipps, R. A. "Adumbratio Florae Aethiopicae. 28 Olacaceae." Webbia, vol-
ume 30 (1976), pages 177-190.
. "Hypochoeris." Flora Europaea, volume 4 (1976), pages 308-310.
Erwin, Terry L., and Kjell B. Sandved. "Chirp and Rattle, Dart and Glitter."
Smithsonian, November 1976, pages 116-120.
Eyde, Richard H. "Durian Theory," [Review]. Seeds of Dicotyledons, by E. J. H.
Corner. Systematic Botany, volume 1 (1976), pages 195-196.
Farr, David F., and Ellen R. Farr. "Notes on Phaeocollybia and Pholiota in the
Southern Appalachians." In Distributional History of the Biota of the South-
ern Appalachians, Part IV, Algae and Fungi, edited by Bruce C. Parker and
Martha K. Roane, pages 296-306. Charlottesville, Virginia: The University of
Virginia Press, 1976.
Farr, Ellen R., Orson K. Miller, Jr., and David F. Farr. "Biosystematic Studies
in the Genus Pholiota, Stirps Adiposa." Canadian Journal of Botany, volume
55 (1977), pages 1167-1180.
Fosberg, F. R. "Distributional Extensions of Marine Spermatophytes." Micro-
nesica, volume 12 (1976), pages 317-318.
. "Expert on Hawaiian Plants Responds." National Parks and Conserva-
tion Magazine, volume 51 (1977), pages 28-29.
"Miscellaneous Notes on the Flora of Aldabra and Neighbouring Is-
lands: IV. A New Bulbostylis and Observations on Cyperus (Cyperaceae)."
Kew Bulletin, volume 31 (1977), pages 829-835.
"Miscellaneous Notes on the Flora of Aldabra and Neighbouring Is-
lands: V. Pandanus Tectorius Parkinson, Sensu Latissimo (Pandanaceae)."
Kew Bulletin, volume 31 (1977), pages 837-840.
'Paspalum Distichum Again." Taxon, volume 26 (1977), pages 201-202.
Fosberg, F. Raymond, and Marie-Helene Sachet. "Floria of Micronesia, 3: Con-
volvulaceae." Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, volume 36, 1977.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 273
Fosberg, F. Raymond, Margie V. C. Falanruw, and Marie-Helene Sachet. "Ad-
ditional Records of Vascular Plants from the Northern Mariana Islands."
Micronesica, volume 13 (1977), pages 27-31.
Fosberg, F. R., David R. Stoddart, and Marie-Helene Sachet. "Island News and
Comment." Atoll Research Bulletin, number 219, 1977.
Hale, Mason E., Jr. "A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Pseudoparmelia Lynge
(Parmeliaceae)." Smithsonian Contribtition to Botany, number 31, 1976.
. A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Bulbothrix Hale (Parmeliaceae)."
Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 32, 1976.
"A Monograph of the Lichen Genus Permelina Hale (Parmeliaceae)."
Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 33, 1976.
"New Species in the Lichen Genus Parmotrema Mass." Mycotaxon,
volume 5 (1977), pages 432-448.
King, R. M., and H. Robinson. "Studies in the Eupatoriaea (Asteraceae). CLIX.
Additions to the Genus, Ayapana." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 57-
66.
. "Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLX. A New Species of Sci-
adocephala from Ecuador." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 375-377.
-. "Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXI. A New Species of
Stevia from Costa Rica." Phytologia, volume 35 (1977), pages 229-232.
"Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXII. New Species and
Combinations from Venezuela." Phytologia, volume 35 (1977), pages 497-
504.
"Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). CLXIII. Additions to the
Genus Fleischmanniopsis." Phytologia, volume 36 (1977), pages 193-200.
King, R. M., D. W. Kyhos, A. M. Powell, P. H. Raven, and H. Robinson.
"Chromosome Numbers in Compositae. XIII. Eupatorieae." Annals of the
Missouri Botanical Garden, volume 63 (1976), pages 862-888.
Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr. "Confirmation of Hybridization between Declieuxia
fruticosa and D. passerina (Rubiaceae)." Brittonia, volume 28, number 3
(1976), pages 341-347.
. "A Revision of the Genus Declieuxia (Rubiaceae)." Memoirs of the
New York Botanical Garden, volume 28, number 4 (1976), pages 1-87.
"Index to the Rubiaceae by Julian A. Steyermark in the Botany of
the Guayana Highland by B. Maguire and Collaborators." Phytologia, vol-
ume 36 (1977), pages 324-366.
Lellinger, David B. "Nomenclatural Notes on Some Ferns of Costa Rica,
Panama, and Colombia." American Fern Journal, volume 67, number 2
(1977), pages 58-60.
Lellinger, David B. "Nomenclatural and Taxonomic Notes on the Pterido-
phytes of Costa Rica, Panama, and Columbia, I." In Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, number 61, pages 703-732.
1977.
. "Pteridophyta." In La Vegetacion de la Cima del Macizo de Jaua, by
Julian A. Steyermark and C. Brewer-Carias, pages 262-270. Boletin de la
Sociedad Venezuelana de Ciencias Naturales, volume 22, number 132-133
(1976).
Little, Elbert L., Jr. "Rare Tropical Trees of South Florida." Conservation
Research Report, 20. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service, 1976.
Little, Elbert L., Jr., and Barbara H. Honkala. "Trees and Shrubs of the U.S.:
A Bibliography for Identification." Miscellaneous Publications, 1336. Wash-
ington, D.C. : U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1976.
Little, Elbert L., Jr., and Roy O. Woodbury. "Trees of the Caribbean Na-
tional Forest, Puerto Rico." Forest Service Research Paper, ITF-20. Wash-
ington, D.C: U.S. Forest Service, 1976.
Moldenke, H. N., and L. B. Smith. "Eriocaulaceas." In Flora llustrada Cata-
rinense, part 1, fascicle erio (1976), pages 1-103.
274 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Nicolson, Dan H. "Proposal to Change the Typification of 723 Amorpho-
phallus Nom Cons. (Araceae)." Taxon, volume 26 (May 1977), pages 337-
338.
Nicolson, Dan H., and Joseph Bogner. "Proposal for the Conservation of 787
Pinellia Tenore (1839) against Atherurus Blum (1837) (Araceae)." Taxon,
volume 26 (May 1977), page 338-339.
Nicolson, Dan H., and George C. Steyskal. "The Masculine Garden of the
Generic Name Styrax Linnaeus (Styraceae)." Taxon, volume 25 (1976),
pages 581-587.
Norman, E. M., and L. B. Smith. "Buddleia in Loganiaceas." In Flora Ilustrada
Catarinense, part 1, fascicle loga (1976), pages 1-38.
. "Strychnos in Loganiaceas." In Flora Ilustrada Catarinense, part 1,
fascicle loga (1976), pages 64-73.
Norris, James N. "[The Green Algal Genus] Blidingia Kylin 1947." In Marine
Algae of California, by Isabella A. Abbott and George J. Hollenberg, pages
70-73. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1976.
. "[The Green Algal Genus] Enteromorpha Link 1820." In Marine Al-
gae of California, by Isabella A. Abbott and George J. Hollenberg, pages
73-77. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1976.
Norris, James N., and Katina E. Bucher. "The Genus Platoma (Gigartinales,
Rhodophyta), with a Description of P. abbottiana sp. nov." Journal of Phy-
cology, volume 13, number 2 (1977), pages 155-162.
Nowicke, Joan W., and John J. Skvarla. "Pollen Morphology and the Rela-
tionship of the Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, and Primulaceae to the
Order Centrospermae." Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 37,
1977.
Read, Robert W. "Preface" and "Palmarum Colombiensium Elenchus por
Armando Dugand (posthumous)." [Also edited and updated for publica-
tion.] Cespedesia, volume 5, numbers 19 and 20 (April 1977), pages 257-
336.
Robinson, H. "Dolichopodidae." In Biota Acudtica de Sudamerica Austral.,
edited by S. H. Hurlbert, pages 305-306. San Diego, California: S. H. Hurl-
bert, 1977.
. "A New Species of Dominicomyia from Brasil (Diptera: Dolichopodi-
dae)." In Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, volume
79, pages 310-312. 1977.
. "A New Species of Taxilejeunea from Venezuela." Phytologia, volume
34 (1976), pages 67-68.
'A New Species of Vernonia from Ecuador." Phytologia, volume 34
(1976), pages 301-304.
"Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). VII. Notes on the Genus,
Monactis." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 33-45.
-. "Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). III. Notes on the Genus, Cacos-
mia." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 46-52.
-. "Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). IV. Additions to the Genus,
Philoglossa." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 53-56.
"Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). New Andean Species of Lia-
bum." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 285-300.
-. "Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). VI. Notes on the Genus Erato.
Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 378-379.
"Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). VII. Additions to the Genus
Munnozia." Phytologia, volume 34 (1976), pages 380-387.
"Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). VIII. Additions to Liabum and
Munnozia." Phytologia, volume 35 (1976), pages 37-42.
'Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). IX. Additions to Munnozia and
Oligactis." Phytologia, volume 35 (1977), pages 199-204.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 275
. "Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). X. Additions to the Genus
Paranephelius." Phytologia, volume 35 (1977), pages 233-240.
-. "Studies in the Liabeae (Asteraceae). XI. New Species in the Kew
Herbarium." Phytologia, volume 35 (1977), pages 488-496.
"Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). VIII. Notes on Genus and
Species Limits in the Genus Viguiera." Phytologia, volume 36 (1977), pages
201-215.
Robinson, H., and J. Cuatrecasas. "Notes on the Genus and Species Limits of
Pseudogynoxys (Greenm.) Cabrera (Senecioneae, Asteraceae)." Phytologia,
volume 36 (1977), pages 177-192.
Sachet, M.-H. "Vegetation et Flore Terrestre, Atoll de Takapoto." In Pro-
gramme MAB de I'UNESCO, theme VII sur les iles, by B. Salvat, page 73.
Papeete: MAB Programme de I'UNESCO, 1977.
Saldanha, C. J., and Dan H. Nicolson. Flora of Hassan District, Karnataka,
India. New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Company, 1976.
Shetler, Stanwyn G. "Start with Christmas Tree If It's Still Around." Audu-
bon Naturalist News, volume 3, number 1 (January 1977), page 7.
. "Phenology Project: Dates of Spring Flowering." Field Project, Num-
ber 1 (1977), pages i-ii and 1-10. Concord, Massachusetts: International
Environmental Resources Network.
Simpson, Beryl B. "Breeding Systems of Dominant Perennial Plants of Two
Disjunct Warm Desert Ecosystems." Oecologia, volume 27 (1977), pages
203-226.
, editor and contributor. Mesquite: Its Biology in Two Desert Scrub
Ecosystems. Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross,
Inc., 1977.
Simpson, Beryl B., J. L. Neff, and D. Seigler. "Krameria, Free Fatty Acids and
Oil-Collecting Bees." Nature, volume 267 (1977), pages 150-151.
Smith, Lyman B. "Xyridaceae," pages 275 and 278; "Bromeliaceae," pages
286-290, 293-294, and 307-311. In La Vegetacion de la Cima del Macizo de
Jaua, by Julian Steyermark and C. Brewer-Carias. Boletin de la Sociedad
Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, volume 22, numbers 132-133 (March
1976).
Soderstrom, Thomas R. "The Graceful Grasses." Garden (March/April 1977),
pages 5-9.
Soderstrom, Thomas R., and C. E. Calderon. "Curtains for this Bamboo? The
Mysterious Flowering of Ma-dake." Pacific Horticulture, volume 37, num-
ber 3 (1976), pages 7-14.
Solbig, O. T., and Beryl B. Simpson. A "Garden Experiment on Competition
between Biotypes of the Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)." Jour-
nal of Ecology, volume 65 (1977), pages 427-430.
Stafleu, Frans A., and Richard S. Cowan. Taxonomic Literature: A Selective
Guide to Botanical Publications and Collections with Dates, Commentaries
and Types, second edition. Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema Holkema, 1976.
Stern, William L. "Multiple Uses of Institutional Wood Collections." Curator,
volume 19 (1976), pages 265-270.
Steyermark, Julian A., and Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr. "Review of the Genus
Perama (Rubiaceae)." Brittonia, volume 29, number 2 (June 1977), pages
191-198.
Tippo, Oswald, and William L. Stern. Humanistic Botany. New York: W. W.
Norton and Company, 1977.
Troth, R. G., and Dan H. Nicolson. "Artificial Key to the Common Shrubs of
the Riverine Forests, Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Phytologia,
volume 35 (February 1977), pages 224-228.
Wasshausen, Dieter C. "New Species of Acanthaceae from Colombia." Phy-
tologia, volume 37 (September 1977), pages 213-218.
276 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "New Taxa of Acanthaceae from the Rio Palenque Science Center."
Selbyana, volume 2, number 1 (August 1977), pages 14-21.
Wurdack, John J. "Certamen Melastomataceis XXV." Phytologia, volume 35,
number 1 (October 1976), pages 1-13.
. "Certamen Melastomataceis XXVI." Phytologia, volume 35, number 3
(February 1977), pages 241-251.
"Melastomataceae." In La Vegetation de la Cima del Macizo laua, by
Julian A. Steyermark and C. Brewer-Carias, pages 366-370. Boletin de la
Sociedad Venezolana de Ciencias Naturales, volume 22, numbers 132-133
(March 1976).
Department of Entomology
Abercrombie, J. "Medical Entomology Studies — IX. The Subgenus Christo-
phersiomyia of the Genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae)." Contributions of
the American Entomological Institute, volume 14, number 2 (1977), 72
pages.
Blake, D. H. "Colapsis favosa Say and Its Close Relatives (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae)." In Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washing-
ton, volume 79, number 2, pages 209-215. 1977.
. "Colaspis chrysis Oliver and Its Close Relatives (Coleoptera: Chry-
somelidae). In Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,
volume 79, number 3, pages 417-421. 1977.
Burger, J. F. "The Biosystematics of Immature Arizona Tabanidae (Diptera)."
In Transactions of the American Entomological Society, number 103. 1977.
Burns, John M. ["Arthropoda"] (untitled poem). Printed on a wall of the In-
sect Zoo, National Museum of Natural History, August 1976, and in "Chirp
and Rattle, Dart and Glitter!" by T. L. Erwin and K. Sandved. Smithsonian,
volume 7, number 8 (1976), pages 116-120.
Cartwright, Oscar L. "Adult Feeding by Dynastes tityus (Linn.) Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae)." The Coleopterists Bulletin, volume 30, number 4 (1976),
pages 336-337.
. "A New Megasoma from Baja California, Mexico (Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)." The Coleopterists Bulletin, volume 30, number
1 (1976), pages 85-90.
Clarke, J. F. Gates. "Microlepidoptera. Tortricoidea." Insects of Micronesia,
volume 9, number 1 (1976), pages 1-144.
Crabill, R. E., Jr. "A New Cryptopid Genus, with Key to the Genera Known
to Occur in North America Including Mexico. (Chilopoda: Scolopendro-
morpha: Cryptopidae). In Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington, volume 79, number 3, pages 346-349. 1977.
de Meillon, Botha. "The Changing Pattern in Transmission of Bancroftian
Filariasis." In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Congress of Ento-
mology, pages 498-504. 1976.
de Meillon, Botha, and Gideon van Eeden. "Anopheles (Cellia) deaconi n. sp.
from South Africa (Diptera: Culicidae)." Mosquito Systematics, volume 8,
number 4 (1976), pages 335-342.
Emerson, K. C, and Roger D. Price. "Mallophaga of Venezuelan Mammals."
In Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, volume 20,
number 3, pages 1-77. 1975.
. "Abrocomophagidae (Mallophaga: Amblycera), a New Family from
Chile." The Florida Entomologist, volume 59 (February 1977), pages 425-
428.
Erwin, Terry L. "Chirp and Rattle, Dart and Glitter!" Smithsonian, volume 7,
number 8 (November 1976), pages 116-120.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 277
. "Studies of the Subtribe Tachyina (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Bembi-
diini) Supplement B: Lectotype Designations of Masoreus ridiculus Schau-
fuss and Transfer of This Species to Polyderis." The Coleopterists Bulletin,
volume 31, number 1 (1977), page 90.
Erwin, Terry L., and La Verne J. M. Erwin. "Relationships of Predaceous
Beetles to Tropical Forest Wood Decay. Part II. The Natural History of
Neotropical Eurycoleus macularis Chevrolat (Carabidae: Lebiini) and Its
Implications in the Evolution of Ectoparasitoidism." Biotropica, volume 8,
number 4 (December 1976), pages 215-224.
Erwin, Terry L., Donald R. Whitehead, and George E. Ball. "Family 4. cara-
bidae, The Ground Beetles. North American Beetle Fauna Project." The
Biological Research Institute of America, Inc., July 1977, pages 4.1-4.68.
Field, William D., and Jose Herrera. "The Pierid Butterflies of the Genera
Hypsochila Ureta, Phulia Herrich-Schaffer, Infraphulia Field, Pierphulia
Field, and Piercolias Steudinger." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,
number 232, 1977.
Flint, Oliver S., Jr. [Review] The Odonata of Canada and Alaska, volume III,
by Edmund M. Walker and Philip S. Corbet. Bulletin of the Entomological
Society of America, volume 22 (1976), pages 392-393.
. "Neuroptera, Mecoptera and Trichoptera." In Aquatic Biota of South-
ern South America, edited by Stuart H. Hurlbert, pages 187-188, 248, and
249-253. San Diego: San Diego State University, 1977.
-. [Review] Marine Insects, edited by Lanna Cheng. Bulletin of the
Entomological Society of America, volume 23 (1977), pages 152-153.
Flint, Oliver S., Jr., and Joaquin Bueno-Soria. "Studies of Neotropical Cad-
disflies, XXI. The Genus Lepidostoma (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae)." In
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90, pages
375-387. 1977.
Flint, Oliver S., Jr., and Scott J. Herrmann. "The Description of and Environ-
mental Characterization for, a New Species of Ochrotrichia from Colorado
(Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)." In Annals of the Entomological Society of
America, volume 69, pages 894-898. 1976.
Ford (Smith), T. L. "Autobiographical Vignette." Mosquito Systematics, vol-
ume 9, number 1 (1977), pages 88-90.
Froeschner, Richard C. "Description of a New Species of Lace Bug Attacking
the Oil Palm in Colombia (Hemiptera: Tingidae)." In Proceedings of the
Entomological Society of Washington, volume 78, number 1, pages 104-107.
1976.
. "Galapagos Lace Bugs: Zoogeographic Notes and a New Species of
Phatnoma (Hemiptera: Tingidae)." In Proceedings of the Entomological
Society of Washington, volume 78, number 2, pages 181-184. 1976.
-. "Zoogeographic Notes of the Lace Bug Genus Acalypta Westwood in
the Americas with Description of a New Species from Mexico (Hemiptera:
Tingidae)." American Midland Naturalist, volume 96, number 2 (1976),
pages 257-269.
-. "The Burrowing Bugs of Hawaii, with Description of a New Species
(Hemiptera: Cydnidae)." In Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological
Society, volume 22, number 2, pages 229-236. 1977.
Gordon, Robert D., and O. L. Cartwright. "Four New Species of Aegialia
(S. str.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from California and Nevada Sand
Dunes." Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, volume 67, num-
ber 1 (1977), pages 42-48.
Harbach, R. E., and K. L. Knight. "A Mosquito Taxonomic Glossary X. The
Larval Mandible." Mosquito Systematics, volume 9, number 1 (1977), pages
25-57.
. "A Mosquito Taxonomic Glossary XI. The Larval Maxilla." Mosquito
Systematics, volume 9, number 1 (1977), pages 128-175.
278 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Huang, Yiau-Min. "Medical Entomology Studies — VII. The Subgenus Stego-
myia of Aedes in Southeast Asia. II — The edwardsi Group of Species. Ill —
The w.-albus Group of Species (Diptera: Culicidae)." In Contributions of
the American Entomological Institute, volume 14, number 1, 1977.
Hurd, Paul D., Jr. [Review] Evolution of Instinct: Comparative Ethnology of
Hymenoptera, by Kunio Iwata. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of
America, volume 23 (1976), page 103.
Krombein, Karl V. "Lectotype Designations for Three New World Lin's with
Taxonomic Notes (Hymenoptera: Larridae)." In Proceedings of the Ento-
mological Society of Washington, volume 78, pages 333-335. 1976.
, editor and principal investigator for SF 3-00104: Alfieri, Anastase.
"The Coleoptera of Egypt." Memoires de la Societe Entomologique
d'Egypte, volume 5 (1977), 361 pages.
Krombein, Karl V., and Howard E. Evans. "Three New Neotropical Pterom-
brus with Description of the Diapausing Larva (hymenoptera: Tiphiidae)."
In Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, volume 78,
pages 361-368. 1976.
Mathis, Wayne N., and Willis W. Wirth. "A New Neotropical Shore Fly
Genus with Two New Species (Diptera: Ephydridae)." The Pan-Pacific
Entomologist, volume 52, number 2 (1976), pages 126-132.
. "A New Genus of Psilopine Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) with Notes
on Its Relationships." In Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
Washington, volume 79, number 1, pages 63-74. 1977.
Peyton, E. L. "Medical Entomology Studies — X. A Revision of the Subgenus
Pseudoficalbia of the Genus Uranotaenia in Southeast Asia (Diptera: Culi-
cidae)." In Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, volume
14, number 3, 273 pages. 1977.
Price, Roger D., and K. C. Emerson. "Three New Genera and Species of
Menoponidae (Mallophaga) from Southeast Asia and New Guinea." Pacific
Insects, volume 16 (1975), pages 427-432.
. "The Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Piciformes
(Aves)." In Annals of the Entomological Society of America, volume 68,
pages 779-785. 1975.
Reinert, J. F. "A New Man-Biting Species of Aedes (Paraedes) from South-
east Asia (Diptera: Culicidae)." Mosquito Systematics, volume 8, number 3
(1976), pages 319-331.
. "Medical Entomology Studies — V. The Subgenus Rhinoskusea of the
Genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae)." In Contributions of the American Ento-
mological Institute, volume 13, number 2, 1976.
Sirivanakarn, S. "Medical Entomology Studies — III. A Revision of the Sub-
genus Culex in the Oriental Region. (Diptera: Culicidae). In Contributions
of the American Entomological Institute, volume 12, number 2, 1976.
. "Additional Descriptions of Three Species of Culex (Eumelanomyia)
with the Description of a New Species from Peninsular Malaysia (Diptera:
Culiciae)." Mosquito Systematics, volume 9, number 2 (1977), pages 73-87.
"Redescription of Four Oriental Species of Culex (Culiciomyia) and
the Description of a New Species from Thailand (Diptera: Culicidae)."
Mosquito Systematics, volume 9, number 2 (1977), pages 93-111.
-. "Medical Entomology Studies — VI. A Revision of Subgenus Lopho-
ceraomyia of the Genus Culex in the Oriental Region (Diptera: Culicidae)."
In Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, volume 13, num-
ber 4, 1977.
Sirivanakarn, S., and S. Ramalingam. "A New Species of Culex (Eumel-
anomyia) Theobald with Notes on Three Other Species from Malaysia
(Diptera: Culicidae)." Mosquito Systematics, volume 8, number 2 (1976),
pages 209-216.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 279
Spangler, Paul J. "Three New Ecuadorian Species of the Aquatic Beetle Genus
Chaetarthria (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." In Proceedings of the Biologi-
cal Society of Washington, volume 90, number 3, pages 566-578. 1977.
Spangler, Paul J., and Glen Longley. "The Larva of a New Subterranean
Water Beetle, Haideoporus texanus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydropori-
nae)." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90,
number 3, pages 532-535. 1977.
Spangler, Paul J., and Philip D. Perkins. "Three New Species of the Neotropi-
cal Water Beetle Genus Elmoparnus (Coleoptera: Dryopidae)." In Proceed-
ings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, number 63, pages
743-760. 1977.
Traub, R. "Tiflovia, a New Genus of Pygiopsyllid Flea from New Guinea,
with Notes of Convergent Evolution and Zoogeography (Siphonaptera)."
Journal of Medical Entomology, volume 13, number 6 (1977), pages 653-
685.
Traub, R., C. L. Wisseman, Jr., and A. Farhang-Azad. [Abstract] "The Ecol-
ogy of Chigger-borne Rickettsiosis and Murine Typhus — Changing Con-
cepts and Epidemiology." In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International
Congress of Entomology, volume 11, number 3, pages 487-489. 1974.
Ward, R. A. "Recent Changes in the Epidemiology of Malaria Relating to
Human Ecology." In Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Congress of
Entomology, pages 523-539. 1976
. "Culicidae." In Biota Acudtica de Sudamerica Austral. (Spanish with
English translation), edited by S. H. Hurlbert, pages 268-274. San Diego:
San Diego State University, 1977.
Ward, R. A., B. Jordan, A. R. Gillogly, and F. J. Harrison. "Anopheles litoralis
King and A. barbirostris Group on the Island of Guam." Mosquito News,
volume 36, number 1 (1976), pages 99-100.
Department of Invertebrate Zoology
Barnard, J. L. "Amphipoda (Crustacea) from the Indo-Pacific Tropics: A Re-
view." Micronesica, volume 12 (1976), pages 169-181.
. "Affinities of Paraniphargus lelouparum Monod, A Blind Anchialine
Amphipod (Crustacea) from the Galapagos Islands." In Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, pages 421-432. 1976.
Barnard, J. L., and Eric Schulenberger. "Clarification of the Abyssal Amphi-
pod, Paralicella tenuipes Chevreus." Crustaceana, volume 31 (1976), pages
267-274.
Barnes, A. T., L. B. Quetin, J. J. Childress, and D. L. Pawson. "Deep-sea
Macroplanktonic Sea Cucumbers; Suspended Sediment Feeders Captured
from Deep Submergence Vehicle." Science, volume 194 (1976), pages 1083-
1085.
Bayer, Frederick M., and Katherine Margaret Muzik. "New Genera and Spe-
cies of the Holaxonian Family Chrysogorgiidae (Octocorallia: Gorgona-
cea)." Zoologische Mededelingen, volume 50, number 5 (1976), pages 65-90.
1976.
."A New Solitary Octocoral, Taiaroa tauhou gen. et sp. nov. (Coelen-
terata: Protoalcyonaria) from New Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society
of New Zealand, volume 6, number 4 (1976), pages 499-515.
Billups, L. H., and J. C. Harshbarger. "Reptiles." [Section of the chapter,
"Naturally Occurring Neoplastic Diseases."] In CRC Handbook of Labora-
tory Animal Science, volume 3, edited by E. C. Melby, Jr., and N. H. Alt-
man, pages 343-356. Cleveland: CRC Press, 1976.
Bouchard, Raymond W., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. "A New Subgenus and
280 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Two New Species of Crayfishes of the Genus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cam-
baridae) from the Southeastern United States." Smithsonian Contributions
to Zoology, volume 224, 1976.
Bowman, T. E. "Stygiomysis major, A New Troglobitic Mysid from Jamaica,
and Extension of the Range of S. holthuisi to Puerto Rico (Crustacea: My-
sidacea: Stygiomysidae)." International Journal of Speleology, volume 8
(1976), pages 365-373.
. "Isopod Crustaceans (except Anthuridae) Collected on the Presiden-
tial Cruise of 1938." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing-
ton, volume 89, number 57, pages 653-666. 1977.
"Dendrosomid.es lucicutiae, A New Species of Suctorian from the
Pelagic Calanoid Copepod, Lucicutia." Ibid, volume 89, number 60, pages
692-702. 1977.
'Mysidacea." In Biota Acudtica de Sudamerica Austral, edited by S.
H. Hurlbert, volume 14, 342 pages. San Diego: San Diego State University,
1977.
Chace, Fenner A., Jr., and Guy Barnish. "Swarming of A Raninid Megalopa
at St. Lucia, West Indies (Decapoda: Brachyura)." Crustaceana, volume 31,
part 1 (1976), pages 105-107.
Child, C. Allan. "On Some Pyconogonida of French Oceania." In Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90, number 2, pages 440-
446. 1977.
. "Four New Species of Anoplodactylus (Pycnogonida) from the West-
ern North Atlantic." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing-
ton, volume 90, number 3, pages 584-596. 1977.
Clarke, Arthur H. "The Endangered Molluscs of Canada." In Proceedings of
the Symposium on Canada's Threatened Species and Habitats, pages 148-
150. 1977.
Cohen, Ann C "The Systematics and Distribution of Loligo (Cephalopoda:
Myopsida) in the Western North Atlantic, with Descriptions of Two New
Species." Malacologia, volume 15, number 2 (1976), pages 299-367.
Cohen, Ann C, and Dustin D. Chivers. "Types of Podocopid Ostracoda De-
scribed by Skogsberg (1928) in the Type Collection of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences, San Francisco." The Ostracodologist, number 24 (1976),
pages 10-16. Tel Aviv, Israel.
Cressey, R. F. "Two New Species of Colobomatus (Copepoda: Cyclopodia)
Parasitic on Pacific Fish." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ington, volume 90, number 3, pages 579-583. 1977.
Danta, W. D., and M. E. Rice. "A Restudy of the Middle Cambrian Bergess
Shale Fossil Worm, Ottoia Prolifica." In Proceedings of the International
Symposium on the Biology of the Sipuncula and Echiura, edited by M. E.
Rice and M. Todorovic, volume 2, pages 79-80. 1976.
Grigg, Richard, W., and Frederick M. Bayer. "Present Knowledge of the Sys-
tematics and Zoogeography of the Order Gorgonacea in Hawaii." Pacific
Science, volume 30, number 2 (1976), pages 167-175.
Harshbarger, J. C. "Description of Polyps and Epidermal Papillomas in Three
Bivavle Mollusk Species." Marine Fisheries Review, volume 38 (1976),
pages 25-29.
Harshbarger, J. C, S. E. Shumway, and G. W. Bane. "Variably Differentiating
Oral Neoplasms, Ranging from Epidermal Papilloma to Odontogenic Amel-
oblastoma, in Cunners [(Tautogolabrus adspersus) Osteichthyes; Perci-
formes: Labridae]." In Progress in Aquatic Animals, edited by C. J. Dawe,
D. G. Scarpelli, and S. R. Wellings, pages 113-128. Basel: Karger, 1976.
Harshbarger, J. C, S. V. Otto, and S. C. Chang. "Chlamydiae (with Phages),
Mycoplasmas, and Rickettsiae in Chesapeake Bay Bivalves." Science, vol-
ume 196 (1977), pages 666-668.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 281
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr. "The Crayfish Bouchardina robisoni, A New Genus and
Species (Decapoda, Cambaridae) from Southern Arkansas." In Proceedings
of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, number 62, pages 733-
742. 1977.
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and H. H. Hobbs III. "On the Troglobitic Shrimps of
the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (Decapoda: Atyidae and Palaemonidae)."
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 240, 1976.
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and David S. Lee. "A New Troglobitic Crayfish (Deca-
poda, Cambaridae) from Peninsular Florida." In Proceedings of the Biologi-
cal Society of Washington, volume 89, number 32, pages 382-391. 1976.
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Daniel J. Peters. "The Entocytherid Ostracods of
North Carolina." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 247, 1977.
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., and Margaret Walton. "New Entocytherid Ostracods
from Kentucky and Tennessee." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Washington, volume 89, number 33, pages 393-404. 1976.
Hobbs, Horton H., Jr., H. H. Hobbs III, and Margaret A. Daniel. "A Review
of the Troglobitic Decapod Crustaceans of the Americas." Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology, volume 244, 1977.
Hope, W. D., B. E. Coull, R. L. Ellison, J. W. Feeger, R. P. Higgins, W. D.
Hummon, R. M. Rieger, W. E. Sterrer, H Thiel, and J. H. Tietjen. "Quanti-
tative Estimates of the Meiofauna from the Deep Sea off North Carolina,
U.S.A." Marine Biology, volume 39 (1977), pages 233-240.
Jones, M. L., P. A. Jumars, and D. Thistle. "Detecting Two-Dimensional Spa-
tial Structure in Biological Data." Oecologia, volume 28 (1977), pages 109-
123.
. "A Redescription of Magelona papillicornis F. Muller." In Essays on
Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of Dr. Olga Hartman, edited by D. J.
Reish and K. Fauchald, pages 247-266. Los Angeles: Allan Hancock Founda-
tion, 1977.
Kornicker, L. S. "Benthic Marine Cypridinacea from Hawaii (Ostracoda)."
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 231. 1976.
Kornicker, L. S., and K. G. McKenzie. "Redescription of Eurypylus petrosus
Brady, 1869, and A Key to the Genera of Sarsiellidae (Myodocopina: ostra-
coda)." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 89,
pages 347-352. 1976.
Kornicker, L. S., and I. G. Sohn. "Phylogeny, Ontogeny, and Morphology of
Living and Fossil Thaumatocypreidacea (Myodocopa: Ostracoda)." Smith-
sonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 219, 1976.
. "Evolution of the Entomoconchacea." Abhandlungen Verhandlungen
naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Hamburg, numbers 18/19 [Supplement]
pages 55-61. 1976.
. "Removal of Gelatinous Coating from the Surface of the Carapace
of Ostracoda in Preparation for Their Examination with the Scanning
Electron Microscope." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing-
ton, volume 89, pages 365-368. 1976.
Kornicker, L. S., and F. P. C. M. van Morkhoven. "Metapolycope, A New
Genus of Bathyal Ostracoda from the Atlantic (Suborder Cladocopina)."
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 225, 1976.
Kornicker, L. S., and F. E. Caraion. "West African Myodocopid Ostracoda
(Cypridinidae, Philomedidae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, vol-
ume 241, 1977.
Leibovitz, L., J. C. Harshbarger, and P. Chanley. "A Polypoid Myoma of the
Foot of a Surf Clam (Spisula solidissima)." In Proceedings of the First In-
ternational Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology and Ninth Annual Meet-
ing, Society for Invertebrate Pathology, pages 148-150. Kingston, Canada:
Queen's University, 1976.
282 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Manning, Raymond B. "Redescriptions of Oratosquilla indica (Hansen) and
Clorida verrucosa (Hansen), with Accounts of a New Genus and Two New
Species." Beaufortia, volume 25, number 318 (1976), pages 1-13.
. "Preliminary Accounts of Five New Genera of Stomatopod Crusta-
ceans." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90,
number 2, pages 420-423. 1977.
Manning, Raymond B., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. "Decapoda." In Biota Acua-
tica de Sudamerica Austral, edited by S. H. Hurlbert, pages 157-162. San
Diego: San Diego State University, 1977.
Manning, Raymond B., and Paul Struhsaker. "Occurrence of the Caribbean
Stomatopod, Bathysquilla microps, off Hawaii, with Additional Records for
B. microps and B. crassispinosa." In Proceedings of the Biological Society
of Washington, volume 89, pages 439-449. 1976.
McKinney, Larry D., and J. L. Barnard. "A New Marine Genus and Species
of the Nuuanu-group (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Yucatan Penin-
sula." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90.
1977.
Pawson, D. L. "Molpadiid Holothurians of the Southern Atlantic, Pacific and
Indian Oceans." Antarctic Research Series, volume 26, number 4, 1976.
. "Shallow-Water Sea Cucumbers from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize." In
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, number
31, pages 369-382. 1976.
"Two New Sea Cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holthuroidea) from the
Eastern United States." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Wash-
ington, volume 89, number 34, pages 405-410. 1976.
Pettibone, Marian H. "Contributions to the Polychaete Family Trochochaeti-
dae Pettibone." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 230, 1976.
. "Revision of the Genus Macellicephala Mcintosh and the Subfamily
Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schroder (Polychaeta: Polynoidae)." Smith-
sonian Contributions to Zoology, volume 229, 1976.
-. "Review of Halosydnopsis and Related Genera (Polychaeta: Polynoi-
dae: Lepidonotinae)." In Essays on Polychaetous Annelids in Memory of
Dr. Olga Hartman, edited by D. J. Reish and K. Fauchald, pages 39-62. Los
Angeles: University of Southern California, Allan Hancock Foundation,
1977.
"The Synonymy and Distribution of the Estuarine Hypaniola florida
(Hartman) from the East Coast of the United States (Polychaeta: Amphare-
tidae). In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90,
number 2, pages 205-208. 1977.
Rehder, Harald A. "Mollusca." In "The Natural History of Johnston Atoll,
Central Pacific Ocean," Atoll Research Bulletin, number 192, pages 70-73,
December 1976.
Rice, Mary E. "Larval Development and Metamorphosis in Sipuncula." Amer-
ican Zoologist, volume 16 (1976), pages 563-571.
. "Sipunculans Associated with Coral Communities." Micronesica, vol-
ume 12 (1976), pages 119-132.
Rice, M. E., and M. Todorovic, editors. Proceedings of the International Sym-
posium on the Biology of the Sipuncula and Echiura, volume 2, page 204.
1976.
Roper, Clyde F. E. "A Comparative Study of Catches of Pelagic Cephalopods
by Various Midwater Trawls." In The Biology of Cephalopods, Symposia
of the Zoological Society of London, volume 38, pages 61-87. 1977.
Rose, F. L., and J. C. Harshbarger. "Neoplastic and Possibly Related Skin
Lesions in Neotenic Tiger Salamanders from A Sewage Lagoon." Science,
volume 196 (1977), pages 666-668.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 283
Rosewater, J. "Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818 (Gastropoda) : Proposed Designa-
tion of Type-Species under the Plenary Powers. Z. N. (S.)83." Bulletin
Zoological Nomenclature, volume 33, part 2, pages 105-113. September
1976.
. [Review] Shell Collector's Guide, by Ruth Fair. National Capital Shell
Club Newsletter, pages 11-12, September 1976.
"Letter to the Editor [On Australian Littorinidae]," Australian Shell
News, number 16 (October 1976), page 2.
"Bicentennial Notty." National Capital Shell Club Newsletter, page
8, February 1977.
Rowe, F. W. P., and D. L. Pawson. "Type-Specimens of Echinoderms in the
Australian Museum, Sydney." Records of the Australian Museum, 1977.
Ruetzler, K. "Ecology of Tunisian Commercial Sponges." Tethys, volume 7
(1977), pages 249-264.
Ruetzler, K., and B. Collette. "Reef Fishes Over Sponge Bottoms off the
Mouth of the Amazon River." In Proceedings, Third International Coral
Reef Symposium, pages 305-310. Coral Gables, Florida: University of
Miami, 1977.
Shulenberger, E., and J. L. Barnard. "Amphipods from an Abyssal Trap Set
in the North Pacific Gyre." Crustaceana, volume 31 (1976), pages 241-258.
Young, R. E., and Clyde F. E. Roper. "Intensity Regulation of Biolumines-
cence during Countershading in Living Midwater Animals." Fishery Bul-
letin, United States, volume 75, number 2, pages 239-253. 1977.
Zimmerman, Roger ]., and J. L. Barnard. "A New Genus of Primitive Marine
Hadziid (Amphipoda) from Bimini and Puerto Rico. In Proceedings of the
Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, pages 565-580. 1977.
Department of Mineral Sciences
Appleman, D. E., K. M. Towe, and W. U. Berthold. "The Crystallography of
Patellina Corrugata Williamson: a-Axis Preferred Orientation." Journal of
Foraminiferal Research, volume 7, number 1 (1977), pages 58-61.
Aumento, F., W. G. Melson, et al. "Chemical Stratigraphy of Leg 45 Basalts:
Electron Probe Analyses of Glasses." Initial Reports of the Deep Sea
Drilling Project, volume 37, 1977.
Byerly, G. R., W. G. Melson, J. A. Nelen, and E. Jarosewich. "Abyssal Ba-
saltic Glasses as Indicators of Magma Composition." Smithsonian Contri-
butions to the Earth Sciences, number 19, pages 22-30, 1977.
Clarke, R. S., Jr., and J. I. Goldstein. "Schreibersite Growth and Its Influence
on the Metallography of Coarse Structured Iron Meteorites." Meteoritics,
volume 11 (1976), page 262.
Clarke, R. S., Jr., E. P. Henderson, and B. Mason. "The Harleton, Texas,
Chondrite." Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, number 19,
pages 61-70, 1977.
Desautels, P. E. "Gemstones." Encyclopedia Brittanica Yearbook, 1976.
. "Jade." Smithsonian, April 1977.
Dube, A., B. J. Fredriksson, E. Jarosewich, J. A. Nelen, A. F. Noonan, J.
O'Keefe, and K. Fredriksson. "Eight L-Group Chondrites: A Comparative
Study." Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, number 19, pages
71-82, 1977.
Dunn, Pete J. "Gemmological Notes." Journal of Cemmology, volume 15
(1976), pages 113-118.
. "Genthelvite and the Helvine Group." Mineralogical Magazine, vol-
ume 40 (1976), pages 627-636.
"Buergerite, Uniformity of Composition." The American Mineralogist,
volume 61 (1976), pages 1029-1030.
284 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "Gem Notes." Gems and Cemology, volume 15 (1976), pages 199-202.
. "Prosopite, an Effective Turquoise Substitute." "Journal of Cemmology,
volume 15 (1976), pages 205-208.
"Observations on the Slocum Stone." Gems and Gemology, volume
15 (1977), pages 252-256.
"Achrematite Discredited." The American Mineralogist, volume 62
(1977), page 170.
"Apatite, a Guide to Species Nomenclature." Mineralogical Record,
volume 8 (1977) pages 78-82.
. "The Helvite Group." Mineralogical Record, volume 8 (1977) pages
92-93.
. "The Use of the Electron Microprobe in Gemmology." Journal of
Gemmology, volume 15 (1977), pages 248-258.
"The U.S. National Mineral Collection." The American Mineralogist,
volume 62 (1977), page 179.
"Uvite, a Newly Classified Gem Tourmaline." Journal of Gemmology,
volume 15 (1977), pages 300-308.
Mineralogical Notes: Fluellite from North Carolina." Mineralogical
Record, volume 8 (1977), pages 392-393.
-. "Mineralogical Notes, Ferberite from Panasqueria, Portugal, and
Wolframite from Korea." Mineralogical Record, volume 8 (1977).
Dunn, Pete J., D. E. Appleman, J. S. Nelen, and J. A. Norberg. "Uvite, a
New (Old) Common Member of the Tourmaline Group." Mineralogical
Record, volume 8 (1977), pages 100-108.
Dunn, Pete J., R. Rouse, B. Cannon, and J. A. Nelen. "Zektzerite, a New
Lithium Sodium Zirconium Silicate Related to Tuhualite and the Osumilite
Group." The American Mineralogist, volume 62 (1977), pages 416-420.
Embry, Peter G., P. J. Dunn, and A. Clark. "Blue Wulfenite from Tsumeb."
Mineralogical Record, volume 8 (1977), pages 86-87.
Fiske, Richard S. [Review] Volcanoes of the Earth, by Fred M. Bullard. Science
Books and Films, AAA5, April 1977; and American Scientist, May 1977.
Fredricksson, K. [Review] Handbook of Iron Meteorites, Their History, Dis-
tribution, Composition and Structure, by V. F. Buchwald. Science, volume
194 (1976), pages 313-314.
Fredricksson, K., A. Noonan, P. Brenner, and C. Sudre. "Bulk and Major
Phase Composition of Eight Hypersthene Achondrites." Meteoritics, vol-
ume 11 (1976), pages 278-280.
Fudali, Robert F. "Geophysical and Geologic Investigations of Some 'Acci-
dents Circulates' in Mauritania." National Geographic Society Research
Reports for 1969, pages 123-129, 1977.
Jarosewich, Eugene, and B. Mason. "Composition of Lunar Basalts 10069,
10071 and 12008." Lunar Sample Studies, NASA, 1977.
King, E. A., E. Jarosewich, D. G. Brookings. "Petrography and Chemistry of
the Faucett Meteorite, Buchanan County, Missouri." Meteoritics, volume 12
(1977), pages 13-20.
Kirchner, E., K. Keil, C. B. Gomez, and J. Nelen. "Studies of Brazillian Me-
teorites V. Evidence for Shock Metamorphism in the Paranaiba, Matto
Grosso, Chondrite." Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, volume 7 (1977).
Mason, Brian. "The Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia, Chondrite." Smithsonian
Contributions to the Earth Sciences, number 19, page 83, 1977.
Mason, Brian, and P. M. Martin. "Geochemical Differences Among Com-
ponents of the Allende Meteorite." Smithsonian Contributions to the
Earth Sciences, number 19, pages 84-95, 1977.
Melson, W. G., G. R. Byerly, J. A. Nelen, T. O'Hearn, T. L. Wright, and T. L.
Vallier. "A Catalog of the Major Element Chemistry of Abyssal Volcanic
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 285
Glasses." Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, number 19,
pages 31-60, 1977.
Melson, W. G., T. L. Vallier, T. L. Wright, G. Byerly and J. Nelen. "Chemical
Diversity of Abyssal Volcanic Glass Erupted along Pacific, Atlantic, and
Indian Ocean Sea-Floor Spreading Center." In "The Geophysics of the Pa-
cific Ocean Basin and Its Margin," Geophysical Monograph 19, pages 351-
377. American Geophysical Union, 1976.
Noonan, A. F., and J. A. Nelen. "A Petrographic and Mineral Chemistry
Study of the Weston, Connecticut, Chondrite." Meteoritics, number 11
(1976), pages 111-130.
Noonan, A. F., K. Fredriksson, E. Jarosewich, and P. Brenner, "Mineralogy
and Bulk, Chondrule, Size-fraction Chemistry of the Dhajala, Indian, Chon-
drite." Meteoritics, number 11 (1976), pages 340-343.
Noonan, A. F., J. Nelen, and K. Fredriksson. "Mineralogy and Chemistry of
Xenoliths in the Weston Chondrite — Ordinary and Carbonaceous." Meteor-
itics, number 11 (1976), pages 344-346.
Noonan, A. F., E. Jarosewich, and R. S. Clarke, Jr. "The St. Mary's County,
Maryland, Chondrite." Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences,
number 19 (1977), pages 96-103.
Olsen, E., T. E. Bunch, E. Jarosewich, A. F. Noonan, and G. I. Huss. "Happy
Canyon: A New Type of Enstatite Chondrite." Meteoritics, number 12
(1977), pages 109-123.
Simkin, T. [Review] Afar Depression of Ethiopia, edited by A. Pilger and A.
Rosier. American Mineralogist, volume 62 (1977), pages 835-836.
. "Historic Volcanism and Eruption Forecasting in Latin America." In
symposium volume: Geophysics in the Americas. Panamerican Institute of
Geography and History, August, 1977.
Simkin, T., and R. S. Fiske. "Volcanology — A Review of 1976." Geotimes,
January 1977, pages 42-43.
White, John S., Jr., I. E. Grey, and D. J. Lloyd. "The Structure of Crichtonite
and Its Relationship to Senaite." American Mineralogist, volume 61 (1976),
pages 1203-1212.
. "La Collection Mineralogique du 'Smithsonian Institution' " Le
Monde et les Mineraux, number 15 (1976), pages 394-397.
White, John S., Jr., and W. E. Wilson. "An Experiment in Specimen Ap-
praisal." Mineralogical Record, volume 8 (1977), pages 38-40 and 47-48.
. "The Kegel Collection." Mineralogical Record, volume 8 (1977),
pages 51-53.
Wlotzka, F., and E. Jarosewich. "Mineralogical and Chemical Composition of
Silicate Inclusions in the El Taco Campo Del Cielo, Iron Meteorite." Smith-
sonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences, volume 19, pages 104-125, 1977.
Department of Paleobiology
Adey, W. H. "Shallow Water Holocene Bioherms of the Caribbean Sea and
West Indies." In Proceedings: Third International Coral Reef Symposium,
Volume 2, Geology, edited by D. L. Taylor, pages xxi-xxiv. Miami, Florida:
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami,
1977.
Adey, W. H., and R. B. Burke. "Holocene Bioherms of Lesser Antilles — Geo-
logic Control of Development." In Studies in Geology No. 4, Reefs and
Related Carbonates — Ecology and Sedimentology, edited by S. H. Frost,
M. P. Weiss, and J. B. Saunders, pages 67-81. Tulsa, Oklahoma: The
American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1977.
286 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Adey, W. R, P. J. Adey, R. B. Burke, and Leslie Kaufman. "The Holocene
Reef Systems of Eastern Martinique, French West Indies." Atoll Research
Bulletin, number 218, pages 1-40, 1977.
Adey, W. H., I. G. Macintyre, Robert Stuckenrath, and R. F. Dill. "Relict
Barrier Reef System off St. Croix: Its Implications with Respect to Late
Cenozoic Coral Reef Development in the Western Atlantic." In Proceed-
ings: Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Volume 2, Geology, ed-
ited by D. L. Taylor, pages 15-21. Miami, Florida: Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1977.
Benson, R. H. "The Evolution of Oblitacythereis and Paleocosta (Trachyle-
berididae, Neogene) from the Mediterranean and Atlantic." Smithsonian
Contributions to Paleobiology, number 33, 1977.
. "The Evolution of the Ostracode Costa Analyzed by 'Theta-Rho Dif-
ference'." In Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Evolu-
tion of Post-Paleozoic Ostracoda, edited by Gerhard Hartmann. Abhand-
lungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaflichen Vereins in Ham-
burg, (NF) 18/19 [supplement], pages 127-139. 1976.
-. "Miocene Deep-Sea Ostracodes of the Iberian Portal and the Balearic
Basin." Marine Micropaleontology, volume 1, number 3 (1976), pages 249-
262.
-, editor. "The Biodynamic Effects of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, a
Micropaleontological Examination of the Events of the Late Miocene in the
Mediterranean." Palaeo geography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol-
ume 20, numbers 1 and 2 (1976), 170 pages.
"Preface." In The Biodynamic Effects of the Messinian Salinity
Crisis, a Micropaleontological Examination of the Events of the Late Mio-
cene in the Mediterranean, edited by R. H. Benson. Palaeo geography, Pa-
laeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, volume 20, numbers 1 and 2 (1976), pages
1-3.
"Testing the Messinian Salinity Crisis Biodynamically : An Introduc-
tion." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, volume 20, num-
bers 1 and 2 (1976), pages 3-11.
-. "Changes in the Ostracodes of the Mediterranean with the Messinian
Salinity Crisis." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, volume
20, numbers 1 and 2 (1976), pages 147-170.
Berggren, W. A., R. H. Benson, B. U. Hag, W. R. Riedel, A. Sanfilippo, H. J.
Schrader, and R. C. Tjalsma. "The El Cuervo Section (Andalusia, Spain) :
Micropaleontologic Anatomy of an Early Late Miocene Lower Bathyal De-
posit." Marine Micropaleontology, volume 1, number 3 (1976), pages 195-
247.
Brawley, S. H., and W. H. Adey. "Territorial Behavior of Threespot Damsel-
fish (Eupomacentrus planifrons) Increases Reef Algal Biomass and Produc-
tivity." Environmental Biology of Fishes, volume 2, number 1 (1977), pages
45-51.
Buzas, M. A., R. K. Smith, and K. A. Beem. "Ecology and Systematics of
Foraminifera in Two Thalassia Habitats, Jamaica, West Indies." Smithsonian
Contributions to Paleobiology, number 31, 1977.
Cifelli, Richard. "Evolution of Ocean Climate and Planktonic Foraminifera."
Nature, volume 264, number 5585 (1976), pages 431-432.
Cifelli, Richard, and D. J. Belford. "The Types of Several Species of Tertiary
Planktonic Foraminifera in the Collections of the U. S. National Museum of
Natural History." Journal of Foraminiferal Research, volume 7, number 2
(1977), pages 100-105.
Cifelli, Richard, and C. Benier. "Planktonic Foraminifera from near the West
African Coast and a Consideration of Faunal Parcelling in the North At-
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 287
lantic." Journal of Foraminiferal Research, volume 6, number 4 (1976), pages
258-273.
Coates, A. G., E. G. Kauffman, and N. F. Sohl. [Abstract] "Cyclic Incursions
of Tethyan Biotas into the Cretaceous Temperate Realms." Journal of Pale-
ontology, volume 51, supplement to number 2, North American Paleonto-
logical Convention II, Abstracts of Papers, page 7, 1977.
Conner, J. L., and W. H. Adey. "The Benthic Algal Composition, Standing
Crop, and Productivity of a Caribbean Algal Ridge." Atoll Research Bulletin,
number 211, pages 1-15, 1977.
Cooper, G. A., and R. E. Grant. "Permian Brachiopods of West Texas, V."
Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology, number 24, pages 663-780, 2609-
2923, and 2924-3159, 1976.
Glynn, P. W., and I. G. Macintyre. "Growth Rate and Age of Coral Reefs on
the Pacific Coast of Panama." In Proceedings: Third International Coral
Reef Symposium, Volume 2, Geology, edited by D. L. Taylor, pages 251-
259. Miami, Florida: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science,
University of Miami, 1977.
Got, Henri, D. J. Stanley, and Denis Sorel. "Northwestern Hellenic Arc:
Concurrent Sedimentation and Deformation in a Compressive Setting."
Marine Geology, volume 24, number 1 (1977), pages 21-36.
Hickey, L. J. "Stratigraphy and Paleobotany of the Golden Valley Formation
(Early Tertiary) of Western North Dakota." Geological Society of America
Memoir 150, pages 1-181, 1977.
. [Abstract] "Changes in Angiosperm Flora across the Cretaceous-
Paleocene Boundary." Journal of Paleontology, volume 51, supplement to
number 2: North American Paleontological Convention II, Abstracts of
Papers, pages 14-15, 1977.
Kauffman, E. G., special editor. "Field Guide: North American Paleontological
Convention II, Cretaceous Facies, Faunas, and Paleoenvironments across
the Western Interior Basin." The Mountain Geologist, volume 14, numbers
3 and 4 (1977), 274 pages.
. "Geological and Biological Overview: Western Interior Cretaceous
Basin." The Mountain Geologist, volume 14, numbers 3 and 4 (1977),
pages 75-99.
"Upper Cretaceous Cyclothems, Biotas, and Environments, Rock Can-
yon Anticline, Pueblo, Colorado." The Mountain Geologist, volume 14,
numbers 3 and 4 (1977), pages 129-152.
"Illustrated Guide to Biostratigraphically Important Cretaceous
Macrofossils, Western Interior Basin, U.S.A." The Mountain Geologist,
volume 14, numbers 3 and 4 (1977), pages 225-274.
[Abstract] "Cretaceous Extinction and Collapse of Marine Trophic
Structure." Journal of Paleontology, volume 51, supplement to number 2,
North American Paleontological Convention II, Abstracts of Papers, page
16, 1977.
[Abstract] "Benthic Communities in Black Shales of an 'Anaerobic'
Jurassic Basin: the Positonienschiefer." Journal of Paleontology, volume 51,
supplement to number 2, North American Paleontological Convention II,
Abstracts of Papers, pages 16-17, 1977.
"Systematic, Biostratigraphic, and Biogeographic Relationships be-
tween Middle Cretaceous Euramerican and North Pacific Inoceramidae." In
Mid-Cretaceous Events, Hokkaido Symposium, 1976, edited by T. Matsu-
moto. Paleontological Society of Japan, Special Paper number 21 (1977),
pages 169-212.
-. "Evolutionary Rates and Biostratigraphy." In Concepts and Methods
of Biostratigraphy, edited by E. G. Kauffman and J. E. Hazel, pages 109-
141. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., 1977.
288 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. [Review] Jurassic Environments, by Anthony Hallam. Journal of
Paleontology, volume 51, number 1 (1977), pages 203-206.
[Review] Oysters, by H. B. Stenzel. Journal of Paleontology, volume
51, number 2 (1977), pages 427-429.
Kauffman, E. G., and J. E. Hazel, editors. Concepts and Methods of Biostrati-
graphy, 658 pages. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., 1977.
. "Preface." In Concepts and Methods of Biostratigraphy, edited by
E. G. Kauffman and J. E. Hazel, pages iii-v. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchin-
son and Ross, Inc., 1977.
Kauffman, E. G., and D. E. Powell. "Stratigraphic, Paleontologic, and Paleo-
environmental Analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks of Cimarron
County, Northwestern Oklahoma. Part 2: Paleontology." Geological Society
of America Memoir 149, pages 47-150, 1977.
Kauffman, E. G., and P. A. Scholle. [Abstract] "Abrupt Biotic and Environ-
mental Changes During Peak Cretaceous Transgressions in Euramerica."
Journal of Paleontology, volume 51, supplement to number 2, North
American Paleontological Convention 11, Abstracts of Papers, page 16, 1977.
Kauffman, E. G., and J. R. Steidtmann. [Abstract] "Are These the Oldest
Known Trace Fossils?" Geological Society of America Abstracts with Pro-
grams, volume 8, number 6 (1976), pages 947-948.
Kauffman, E. G., D. E. Hattin, and J. D. Powell. "Stratigraphic, Paleontologic,
and Paleoenvironmental Analysis of the Upper Cretaceous Rocks of Cim-
arron County, Northwestern Oklahoma, Part 1: Stratigraphy and Paleoen-
vironments." Geological Society of America Memoir 149, pages 1-46, 1977.
Kier, P. M. "Triassic Echinoids." Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology,
number 30, 1977.
. "The Poor Fossil Record of the Regular Echinoid." Paleobiology, vol-
ume 3, number 2 (1977), pages 168-174.
Macintyre, I. G. [Abstract] "Porosity Distribution Throughout a Modern Car-
ibbean Fringing Reef, Galeta Point, Panama." 1977 AAPG-SEPM Annual
Convention Program. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bul-
letin, volume 61, number 5 (1977), page 810.
. "Distribution of Submarine Cements in a Modern Caribbean Fringing
Reef, Galeta Point, Panama." Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, volume 47,
number 2 (1977), pages 503-516.
Maldonado, Andres, and D. J. Stanley. "Lithofacies as a Function of Depth in
the Strait of Sicily." Geology, volume 5, number 2 (1977), pages 111-117.
Miller, J. A., and I. G. Macintyre. Field Guidebook to the Reefs of Belize, 36
pages. Miami Beach: The Atlantic Reef Committee, University of Miami,
1977.
Pierce, J. W., and F. T. Dulong. "Discharge of Suspended Particulates from
Rhode River Subwatersheds." In Proceedings of the Conference on Water-
shed Research in Eastern North America, edited by D. L. Correll, pages 531-
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Ray, C. E. "Seals and Walruses of Florida." The Florida State Museum, The
Plaster Jacket, number 27 (1977), pages 1-15.
. "Geography of Phocid Evolution." Systematic Zoology, volume 25,
number 4 (1976), pages 391-406.
"Fossil Marine Mammals of Oregon." Systematic Zoology, volume 25,
number 4 (1976), pages 420-436.
Repenning, C. A., and C E. Ray. "The Origin of the Hawaiian Monk Seal."
In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 89, number
58, pages 667-688, 1977.
Scholle, P. A., and E. G. Kauffman. [Abstract] "Paleoecological Implications
of Stable Isotope Data from Upper Cretaceous Limestones and Fossils from
the U. S. Western Interior." Journal of Paleontology, volume 51, supplement
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 289
to number 2, North American Paleontological Convention II, Abstracts of
Papers, pages 24-25, 1977.
Siegel, F. R., J. W. Pierce, S. Bloch, and P. P. Hearn. "Mineral Suspensate
Geochemistry, Argentine Continental Shelf: R/V HERO Cruise 75-3." Ant-
arctic Journal of the United States, volume 11, number 4 (1976), pages 230-
231.
Siegel, F. R., J. W. Pierce, F. T. Dulong, and P. P. Hearn. "Suspended Sedi-
ments in Southern Chilean Archipelago Waters: R/V HERO Cruise 76-4."
Antarctic Journal of the United States, volume 11, number 4 (1976), pages
228-230.
Stanley, D. J. "Recent Tectonic Overprint on Cobblestone Deposition in the
Northwestern Hellenic Arc." In Symposium on the Structural History of
the Mediterranean Basins, edited by B. Biju-Duval, and L. Montadert, pages
433-445. Paris: Editions Technip, 1976.
. "Post-Miocene Depositional Patterns and Structural Displacement in
the Mediterranean." In The Ocean Basins and Margins — The Mediter-
ranean Sea, edited by A. E. M. Nairn and F. G. Stehli, pages 77-150. New
YorK: Plenum Press, 1977.
Stanley, D. J., and Andres Maldonado, "Nile Cone: Late Quaternary Strati-
graphy and Sediment Dispersal." Nature, volume 266, number 5598 (1977),
pages 12V-135.
Stanley, D. J., and Constantine Perissoratis. "Aegean Sea Ridge Barrier —
and — Basin Sedimentation." Marine Geology, volume 24, number 2 (1977),
pages 97-107.
Stanley, D. J., and P. T. Taylor, "Sediment Transport Down a Seamount
Flank by a Combined Current and Gravity Process." Marine Geology,
volume 23, numbers 1 and 2 (1977), pages 77-88.
Stanley, D. J., Antonio Brambati, Henri Got, Gilbert Kelling, and Andres
Maldonado. "Depositional Patterns (Pliocene and Quaternary) in Mobile
Mediterranean Settings." In Commission Internationale pour I'Exploration
Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee, 25th Congress Symposium, pages 1-3,
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Steneck, R. S., and W. H. Adey. "The Role of Environment in Control of
Morphology in Lithophyllum congestum, a Caribbean Algal Ridge Builder."
Botanica Marina, volume 19, number 4 (1976), pages 197-215.
Waller, T. R. [Abstract] "The Development of the Larval and Early Postlarval
Shell of the Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians." Bulletin of the American
Malacological Union, Inc. for 1976, (1976), page 46.
Young, D. K., M. A. Buzas, and M. W. Young. "Species Densities of Macro-
benthos Associated with Seagrass: A Field Experimental Study of Peda-
tion." Journal of Marine Research, volume 34, number 4 (1976), pages 577-
592.
Department of Vertebrate Zoology
Ash, J. S. "Bird Ringing in Ethiopia, Report No. 5, 1969-1975." NAMRU-5
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. "Bird Ringing in Ethiopia, Report No. 6, 1969-1976." NAMRU-5
Technical Report (1977), pages 1-17.
"Four Species of Birds New to Ethiopia and Other Notes." Bulletin of
the British Ornithologists' Club, volume 97, number 1 (1977), pages 4-9.
"The Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Breeding South of the Sa-
hara." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, volume 97, number 2
(1977).
Ash, J. S., and E. McConnell. "A Biological Distribution Map for Ethiopia."
Ethiopian Medical Journal, volume 13 (1976), pages 37-39.
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Ashford, R. W., T. T. Palmer, J. S. Ash, and R. S. Bray. "Blood Parasites of
Ethiopian Birds: A General Survey." Journal of Wildlife Diseases, volume 12
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Collette, Bruce B., and Ernest A. Lachner. "Fish Collections in the United States
and Canada." Copcia, number 3 (August 1976), pages 625-642.
Handley, C. O., Jr. "Descriptions of New Bats (Choeroniscus and Rhinophylla)
from Colombia." In Selected Readings in Mammalogy, by J. K. Jones, Jr., S.
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Heyer, W. Ronald. "Studies in Larval Amphibian Habitat Partitioning." Smith-
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. "The Presumed Tadpole of Paratelmatobius lutzi (Amphibia, Leptodac-
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-. [Review] "Evolution of the Desert Biota." Copeia, number 3 (1976),
pages 614-615.
"Notes on the Frog Fauna of the Amazon Basin." Acta Amazonica,
volume 6, number 3 (1976), pages 369-378.
"A Discriminant Function Analysis of the Frogs of the Genus Adeno-
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of Washington, volume 89, number 51, pages 581-592. 1977.
Heyer, W. Ronald, and Miriam H. Muedeking. "Notes on Tadpoles as Prey for
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Heyer, W. Ronald, and A. Stanley Rand. "Foam Nest Construction in the Lepto-
dactylid Frogs Leptodactylus pentadactylus and Physalaemus pustulosus
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number 2 (1977), pages 225-228.
Karnella, Charles, and Robert H. Gibbs, Jr. "The Lanternfish Lobianchia
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Krueger, William H., Robert H. Gibbs, Jr., Robert C. Kleckner, Aimee A.
Keller, and Michael J. Keene. "Distribution and Abundance of Mesopelagic
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Lachner, Ernest A., et al. "A National Plan for Ichthyology." Copeia, number
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Olson, Storrs L. "A Jacana from the Pliocene of Florida (Aves: Jacanidae)."
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. "Fossil Woodcocks: An Extinct Species from Puerto Rico and an In-
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. "Additional Notes on Subfossil Bird Remains from Ascension Island."
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"A Synopsis of the Fossil Rallidae." In Rails of the World, by S. D.
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-. "The Identity of the Fossil Ducks Described from Australia by C. W.
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Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 291
. "Notes on Subfossil Anatidae from New Zealand, Including a New
Species of Pink-eared Duck (Malacorhynchus)." Emu, volume 77, number 3
(1977), pages 132-135.
Olson, Storrs L., and David W. Steadman. "A New Genus of Flightless Ibis
(Aves: Threskiornithidae) and Other Fossil Birds from Cave Deposits in
Jamaica." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume
90, number 2, pages 447-457. 1977.
Olson, Storrs L., and Alexander Wetmore. "Preliminary Diagnoses of Two
Extraordinary New Genera of Birds from Pleistocene Deposits in the Ha-
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Ripley, S. Dillon. "Reconsideration of Athene blewitti (Hume)," Journal of
the Bombay Natural History Society, volume 73, number 1 (1976), pages
1-4.
. Rails of the World, xx + 406 pages, 41 colored plates, 17 maps, 26
figures, and a chapter on fossil species by Storrs L. Olson. Boston: David
R. Godine, 1977.
-. "The World of Birds and Books." The Yale University Library Ga-
zette, volume 52, number 1 (1977), pages 1-9.
. "Rails of the World." American Scientist, volume 64, number 6 (No-
vember-December 1976), pages 628-635.
[Foreword] Birds of the West Coast, by Fenwick Lansdowne. Toronto:
M. F. Feheley Arts, Ltd., 1976.
"Bird that is Loath to Fly but Roams Afar all the Same." Smith-
sonian, volume 7, number 12 (March 1977), pages 88-93.
Risebrough, R. W., G. E. Watson, and J. P. Angle. "A Red Phalarope (Phala-
ropus fulicarious) in Breeding Plumage on Anvers Island." Antarctic Jour-
nal, volume 11, number 4 (December 1976), page 226.
Setzer, Henry W. "Obituary: A. Remington Kellogg — 1892-1969." Journal of
Mammalogy, volume 58, number 2 (May 1977), pages 251-253.
Setzer, Henry W., and E. Lendell Cockrum. "Types and Type Localities of
North African Rodents." Mammalia, volume 40, number 4 (1976), pages
633-670.
Slud, Paul. [Review] Avifauna of Northwestern Colombia, South America,
by Jiirgen Haffer. The Wilson Bulletin, volume 89, number 1 (1977), pages
187-189.
Springer, Victor G., C. Lavett Smith, and Thomas H. Fraser. "Anisochromis
straussi. New Species of Protogynous Hermaphroditic Fish, and Synonymy
of Anisochromidae, Pseudoplesiopidae, and Pseudochromidae." Smithsonian
Contributions to Zoology, number 252, 1977.
Thorington, Richard W., Jr., and Robert E. Vorek. "Observations on the Geo-
graphic Variation and Skeletal Development of Aotus." Laboratory Animal
Science, volume 26, number 6 (December 1976), pages 1006-1021.
Urban, E. K., S. J. Tyler, and J. S. Ash. "Ethiopia: A Status Report of the
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Watson, George E. "Proceedings of the 94th Stated Meeting of the American
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. "New World Checklist." [Review] Checklist of the World's Birds, by
E. S. Gruson and R. A. Foster. Atlantic Naturalist, volume 31, number 4
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-. "Birds in the Bush." [Review] A. B. A. Checklist. Atlantic Naturalist,
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. "Introduction," pages xv-xix. The Bluebird, How You Can Help Its
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-. "An Unusual Order of Birds." [Review] Penguins, Past and Present,
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Weitzman, Stanley H. "Hyphessobrycon socolofi, a New Species of Characoid
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of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90, number 2, pages 326-
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. "A New Species of Characoid Fish, Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, from
the Rio Vichada, Orinoco River Drainage, Colombia, South America (Tele-
ostei: Characidae)." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing-
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Weitzman, Stanley H., and Robert H. Kanazawa. " Ammocryptocharax ele-
gans, A New Genus and Species of Riffle-Inhabiting Characoid Fish (Tele-
ostei: Characidae) from South America." In Proceedings of the Biological
Society of Washington, volume 89, number 26, pages 325-346. October 1976.
. "A New Species of Pygmy Characoid Fish from the Rio Negro and
Rio Amazonas, South America (Teleostei: Characidae)." In Proceedings of
the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90, number 1, pages 149-160.
June 1977.
Zug, G. R. "The Matamata (Testudines: Chelidae) Is Chelus not Chelys."
Herpetologica, volume 33, number 1 (1977), pages 53-54.
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NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Office of Animal Health
Bush, M., P. K. Ensley, K. Mehren, and W. Rapley. "Immobilization of Gi-
raffes with Xylazine and Etorphine Hydrochloride." Journal of the Ameri-
can Veterinary Medical Association, volume 169 (1976), pages 884-885.
Bush, M., D. W. Heese, C. W. Gray, and A. E. James. "Surgical Repair of
Tusk Injury (Pulpectomy) in an Adult, Male Forest Elephant (Loxodonta
cyclotis)." Journal of the American Dental Association, volume 93 (1976),
pages 371-375.
Bush, M., J. L., Hughes, P. K. Ensley, and A. E. James. "Fracture Repair in
Exotics Using Internal Fixation." Journal of the American Animal Hospital
Association, volume 12 (1976), pages 746-753.
Bush, M., and A. E. James. "A New System of Casting Fractures in Exotic
Animals." Veterinary Medicine and Small Animal Clinic, volume 71 (1976),
pages 1288-1295.
Bush, M., and S. A. Koch. "Surgical Correction of a Bilateral Lens Luxation
in an African Lion." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Associa-
tion, volume 169 (1976), pages 987-988.
Bush, M., U. S. Seal, E. Smith, M. D. Lewis, and L. M. Bush. "Neonatal
Anemia and Growth in Sable Antelope (Hippoptragus niger)." In Proceed-
ings of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Disease of Zoo Ani-
mals, pages 361-379. Innsbruck, Austria, 1976.
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Ensley, P. K., and M. Bush. [Case report] "Rectal Mucosal Prolapse in an
Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)." Journal of Zoo Animal Medi-
cine, volume 7 (1976), page 22.
Freedman, M. T., M. Bush, G. R. Novak, R. M. Heller, Jr., and A. E. James,
Jr. "Nutritional and Metabolic Bone Disease in a Zoological Population."
Skeletal Radiology, volume 1 (1976), pages 87-96.
James, A. E., J. B. Brayton, G. Novak, D. Wight, T. K. Sheehan, M. Bush, and
R. C. Sanders. "The Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Evaluation of the
Abdomen in Primates, with Emphasis on the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mu-
latta)." Journal of Medical Primatology, volume 5 (1976), pages 160-175.
James, A. E., M. Bush, P. A. Osterman, R. M. Heller, and G. R. Novak. "Ra-
diologic Imaging of Human Diseases in Exotic Animals." Journal of the
American Medical Association, volume 235 (1976), pages 184-188.
James, A. E., G. Hutchins, M. Bush, T. K. Natarajan, and B. Burns. "How
Birds Breathe: Correlation Radiographic with Anatomical and Pathologic
Studies." Journal of the American Veterinary Radiological Society, volume
17 (1976), pages 77-86.
James, A. E., F. O. Osterman, M. Bush, T. Sheehan, G. Novak, D. Wight, and
R. C Sanders. "The Use of Compound B-Mode Ultrasound in Abdominal
Disease of Animals." Journal of the American Veterinary Radiological So-
ciety, volume 17 (1976), pages 106-112.
Smeller, J., and M. Bush. "A Physiological Study of Immobilized Cheetahs
(Acinonyx jabutus)." Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine, volume 7 (1976),
pages 5-7.
Office of Animal Management
Demeter, B. J. "Observations on the Care, Breeding and Behavior of a Giant
Day Gecko (Phelsuma madagascariensis) at the National Zoological Park,
Washington, D.C" International Zoo Yearbook, volume 16, pages 130-133,
1976.
Egoscue, J. J. "Flea Exchange between Deer Mice and Some Associated Small
Mammals in Western Utah." Great Basin Naturalist, volume 36 (1976),
pages 475-480.
Marcellini, D. L. "Some Aspects of the Thermal Ecology of the Gecko (Hemi-
dactylus frenatus)." Herpetologica, volume 32 (1976), pages 341-345.
Marcellini, D. L., and T. E. Keefer. "Analysis of the Gliding Behavior of
Ptychczoon lionatum (Reptilia: Cekkonidae)." Herpetologica, volume 32
(1976), pages 362-366.
Xanten, W. A., H. Kaska, and T. J. Olds. "Breeding the Binturong (Arctictis
binturong) at the National Zoological Park, Washington, D. C." Interna-
tional Zoo Yearbook, volume 16, pages 117-119, 1976.
Conservation and Research Center
Davis, P. S., and G. A. Greenwell. "Successful Hatching of a North Island
Brown Kiwi (Apteryx australis mantelli) at the National Zoological Park,
Washington, D.C." International Zoo Yearbook, volume 16, pages 86-88,
1976.
Gilbert, S., and G. A. Greenwell. "An Unusually Prolific Breeding Season in
the Bornean Great Argus Pheasant (Argusianus argus grayi)." International
Zoo Yearbook, volume 16, page 93-96, 1976.
Greenwell, G. A. "The National Zoological Park Takes a Look at Pheasant
Breeding." American Pheasant and Waterfowl Society Magazine, volume
76-79 (1976), pages 4-10.
294 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Wemmer, C, and G. L. Johnson. "Egg-breaking Behavior in a Yellow-
Throated Marten; Martes flavigula (Mustelidae; Carnivora)." Z. Saugetier-
kunde, volume 41 (1976), pages 58-60.
Wemmer, C, M. Von Ebers, and K. Scow. "An Analysis of the Chuffing Vo-
calization in the Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)." Journal of Zoology, Lon-
don, volume 180 (1976), pages 425-439.
Office of Pathology
Bush, M., D. Brownstein, R. J. Montali, A. E. James, Jr., and M. J. G. Appel.
"Vaccine Induced Canine Distemper in a Lesser Panda (Allures fulgens)."
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, volume 169
(1976), pages, 959-960.
Bush, M., A. E. James, Jr., R. J. Montali, and F. P. Seitik. "Pulmonary Alveo-
lar Microlithiasis in a Binturong (Arctictis binturong): A Case Report."
Journal of the American Veterinary Radiological Society, volume 17 (1976),
pages 157-160.
Bush, M., R. J. Montali, G. R. Novak, and A. E. James, Jr., "The Healing of
Avian Fractures: A Histological Xeroradiographic Study." Journal of the
American Animal Hospital Association, volume 12 (1976), pages 768-773.
Montali, R. J. "Ear Mites in a Horse." Journal of the American Veterinary
Medical Association, volume 169 (1976), pages 630-631.
. [Summary of Proceedings] "Symposium on Mycobacterial Infections of
Zoo Animals." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
volume 169 (1976), pages 177-178.
-. [Summary] "Proceedings of Symposium on Mycobacterial Infections
of Zoo Animals." Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine, volume 7 (1976), pages
5-7.
Montali, R. J., M. Bush, and G. Greenwell. "An Epornitic of Duck Viral En-
teritis in a Zoological Park." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical
Association, volume 169 (1976), pages 954-958.
Montali, R. J., M. Bush, C. O. Thoen, and E. Smith. "Tuberculosis in Captive
Exotic Birds." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
volume 169 (1976), pages 920-927.
Osterman, F. A., W. R. Bell, R. J. Montali, G. R. Novak, and R. I. White, Jr.
"Natural History of Autologous Blood Clot Embolization in Swine." Inves-
tigative Radiology, volume 11 (1976), pages 267-276.
Office of Zoological Research
Brownell, R. L., Jr., and K. Ralls. [Review] International Zoo Yearbook, edited
by N. Duplaix-Hall, volumes 14 and 15. Journal of Mammalogy, volume 57
(1976), page 612.
Eisenberg, J. F. [Review] Sociobiology. The New Synthesis, by E. O. Wilson.
Animal Behavior, volume 24 (1976), pages 705-706.
Eisenberg, J. F., and J. Seidensticker. "Ungulates in Southern Asia: A Consid-
eration of Biomass Estimates for Selected Habitats." Biological Conserva-
tion, volume 10 (1976), pages 293-308.
Field, R. "Application of a Digitizer for Measuring Sound Spectrograms."
Behavioral Biology, volume 17 (1976), pages 579-583.
Golani, I. "Homeostatic Motor Processes in Mammalian Interactions: A
Choreography of Display." In Perspectives in Ethology, edited by P. P. G.
Bateson and P. H. Klopfer, volume 2, pages 69-134. New York: Plenum
Press, 1976.
Green, K. M. "The Nonhuman Primate Trade in Colombia." In Neotropical
Primates: Field Studies and Conservation, page 85-98. Washington, D. C. :
National Academy of Sciences, 1975.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 295
Kleiman, D. G. "An Updated Studbook for the Golden Lion Tamarin Com-
pleted." AAZPA Newsletter, volume 17 (1976), page 13.
. "Will the Pot of Gold Have a Rainbow? Hope for Brazil's Golden
Tamarins in North America." Animal Kingdom, volume 79 (1976), pages
2-6.
-. [Review] Prosimian Biology: Duckworth's London, edited by R. D.
Martin, G. A. Doyle, and A. C. Walker. Journal of Mammalogy, volume 57
(1976), page 613.
[Review] Lemur Biology, edited by I. Tattersall and R. W. Sussman.
Journal of Mammalogy volume 57 (1976), page 613.
Mock, D. "Pair Formation Displays of the Great Blue Heron." Wilson Bulle-
tin, volume 88 (1976), pages 185-230.
Morton, E. S. "Vocal Mimicry in the Thick-Billed Euphonia." Wilson Bulletin,
volume 88 (1976), pages 485-487.
. "Zoo Studies: Bluebird Families." Smithsonian Institution Research
Reports, number 15, 1976.
"The Adaptive Significance of Dull Coloration in Yellow Warblers."
Condor, volume 78 (1976), page 423.
Ralls, K. "Extremes of Sexual Dimorphism in Size in Birds." Wilson Bulletin,
volume 88 (1976), pages 149-150.
. "Mammals in which Females are Larger than Males." Quarterly Re-
view of Biology, volume 51 (1976), pages 245-276.
[Review] Being Female, edited by Dana Raphael. Quarterly Review of
Biology, volume 51 (1976), page 464.
Seidensticker, J. "Ungulate Populations in Chitawan Valley, Nepal." Biologi-
cal Conservation, volume 10 (1976), pages 183-210.
. "On the Ecological Separation between Tigers and Leopards." Bio-
tropica, volume 8, number 4 (1976), pages 225-234.
Woodward, P. W. "Red-Footed Booby Helper at Great Frigate Bird Nests."
Condor, volume 78 (1976), pages 264-265.
RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY
Adovasio, J. M., J. D. Gunn, J. Donahue, and R. Stuckenrath. "Progress Re-
port on the Meadowcroft Rockshelter — A 16,000 Year Chronicle." In Amer-
inds and Their Paleo environments in Northeastern North America, Annals
of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences, edited by W. S. Newman and B. Salwen,
volume 288, pages 137-159. The New York Academy of Sciences, 1977.
Correll, David L., John L. Edwards, and W. Shropshire, Jr. Phytochrome: A
Bibliography Prior to 1975. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press,
1977.
Crowl, G. H., and R. Stuckenrath, Jr. "Geological Setting of the Shawnee-
Minisink Paleoindian Archeological Site (36-Mr-43)." In Amerinds and
Their Paleoenvironments in Northeastern North America, Annals of the
N. Y. Academy of Sciences, edited by W. S. Newman and B. Salwen, vol-
ume 288, pages 218-222. The New York Academy of Sciences, 1977.
Drake, B. G. "Seasonal Changes in Reflectance and Standing Crop Biomass
in Three Salt Marsh Communities." Plant Physiology, volume 58 (1976),
pages 696-699.
. "Estimating Water Status and Biomass of Plant Communities by Re-
mote Sensing." In Ecological Stiudes, Analysis, and Synthesis, edited by O.
L. Lange and E. -D. Schulze, volume 19, page 432-438. New York: Springer-
Verlag, 1976.
Gantt, E., C. A. Lipschultz, and B. A. Zilinskas. "Phycobilisomes in Relation
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Goldberg, B., and W. H. Klein. "Variations in the Spectral Distribution of
Daylight at Various Geographical Locations on the Earth's Surface." Solar
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Gray, B. H., J. Cosner, and E. Gantt. "Phycocyanins with Absorption Maxima
at 637 nm and 623 nm from Agmanellum quadruplicatum." Photochemistry
and Photobiology, volume 24 (1976), pages 299-302.
Klein, W. H., and B. Goldberg. Solar Radiation Measurements/1974-1975.
Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1976.
Klein, W. H., B. Goldberg, and W. Shropshire, Jr. "Instrumentation for the
Measurement of the Variation, Quantity and Quality of Sun and Sky Ra-
diation." Solar Energy, volume 19 (1977), pages 115-122.
Margulies, M. M., and A. Michaels. "Biosynthesis of Chloroplast Membrane
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Margulies, M. M., and J. Weistrop. "A Chloroplast Membrane Fraction En-
riched in Chloroplast Ribosomes." In Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloro-
plast and Mitochondria, edited by Th. Bucher et al., pages 657-660. Amster-
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Stuckenrath, R. "Radiocarbon: Some Notes from Merlin's Diary." In Amer-
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of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences, edited by W. S. Newman and B. Salwen,
volume 288, pages 181-1S8. The New York Academy of Sciences, 1977.
Suraqui, S., B. Goldberg, and W. H. Klein. "An Analysis of the Errors Found
in Broadband Filter Radiometry." Solar Energy, volume 19 (1977), pages
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SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
(Including Contributions from Harvard Members of the
Center for Astrophysics)
Akram, F., N. M. Sheikh, A. Javed, and M. D. Grossi. "Impulse Response of
a Meteor Trail Forward Scattering Channel Determined by Ray Tracing
Techniques." Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Transactions
of the Communications Society, volume COM-25, pages 467-470, 1977.
Aksnes, K. "The Natural Satellites: Beacons in the Sky." Harvard Magazine,
July/August 1977, pages 28-33.
Aksnes, K., A. F. Cook, F. A. Franklin, and B. G. Marsden. [Letter to the
editor] "Saturn's Disputed Moons." Science News, volume 11 (1977), page
115.
Allen, R. S., D. D. Dulong, M. D. Grossi, and A. H. Katz. "Ionospheric
Range Error Correction by Adaptive Probing of Propagation Medium." In
Proceedings of the N ATO-ACARD Conference on Propagation Limitations
of Navigation and Positioning Systems, AGARD Publication Number 209,
pages 6-1-6-16. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, 1976.
Altschuler, M.D., R. H. Levine, M. Stix, and J. W. Harvey. "High Resolution
Mapping of the Magnetic field of the Solar Corona." Solar Physics, volume
51 (1977), pages 345-375.
Avrett, E. H. "Models of the Solar Atmosphere." In The Solar Output and
Its Variations, edited by O. R. White, J. A. Eddy, and D. F. Heath. Boulder,
Colorado: University of Colorado Press, 1977.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 297
Avrett, E. H., J. E. Vernazza, and J. L. Linsky. [Abstract] "Formation of the
He I and He II Lines in the Solar Atmosphere." Bulletin of the American
Astronomical Society, volume 8 (1976), page 534.
Ayres, T. R. "A Reexamination of Solar Upper Photosphere Models, the Cal-
cium Abundance, and Empirical Damping Parameters." Astrophysical
Journal, volume 213 (1977), pages 296-306.
. "Nonthermal Broadening in the Solar Photosphere Derived from
Widths of Weak Absorption Features in the Ca II H and K Wings." Astro-
physical Journal, volume 214 (1977), pages 905-911.
Ayres, T. R., and H. R. Johnson. "The Surface Gravity and Mass of Arc-
turus." Astrophysical Journal, volume 214 (1977), pages 410-417.
Ayres, T., J. Linsky, A. Rogers, and R. Kurucz. "Stellar Model Chromo-
spheres. V. a Cen A (G2V) and a Cen B (KIV)." Astrophysical Journal,
volume 210 (1977), pages 199-210.
Baliunas, S. L., A. K. Dupree, and J. D. Lester. [Abstract] "Possible Detection
of Fe XIV in the X-Ray Binary. Bulletin of the American Astronomical
Society, volume 9 (1977), page 298.
Bardas, D. "A Moderate-Resolution, Wideband, Astronomical Echelle Spec-
trograph." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, volume
89 (1977), pages 104-111.
Bardas, D., J. E. McClintock, P. Peterson, G. W. Clark, and C. R. Canizares.
[Abstract] "Two Dimensional Photon-Counting Echelle Spectroscopy."
Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 8 (1976), page 290.
Black, J. H., and A. Dalgarno. "Molecule Formation in the Interstellar Gas."
Reports on Progress in Physics, Institute of Physics, volume 39 (1976),
pages 573-612.
. "Models of Interstellar Clouds. I. The Zeta Ophiuchi Cloud." Astro-
physical Journal Supplement Series, volume 34, number 3 (1977), pages
405-423.
Bottcher, C, A. L. Ford, and K. Kirby-Docken. "Evaluation of Molecular In-
tegrals Involving Continuum Orbitals." Computational Physics Communi-
cations, volume 13 (1977), pages 11-15.
Blair, G. N., and D. F. Dickinson. "SiO Masers in Variable Stars." Astro-
physical Journal, volume 215 (1977), pages 552-560.
Brace, L. H., W. R. Hoegy, H. G. Mayr, G. A. Victor, W. B. Hanson, C. A.
Reber, and H. E. Hinteregger. "Discrepancy between Electron Heating and
Cooling Rates Derived from Atmospheric Explorer-C Measurements." Jour-
nal of Geophysical Research, volume 81 (1976), pages 5421-5429.
Brinkman, A. C, J. Heise, A. J. F. denBoggende, J. Grindlay, H. Gursky, and
D. Parsignault. "X-Ray Observations of Cygnus A with ANS." Astrophysi-
cal Journal, volume 214 (1977), pages 35-37.
Cameron, A. G. W., and J. B. Pollack. "On the Origin of the Solar System
and of Jupiter and Its Satellites." In Jupiter, edited by T. Gehrels and M. S.
Matthews, pages 61-84. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press,
1976.
Cameron, A. G. W., and J. W. Truran. "The Supernova Trigger for Forma-
tion of the Solar System." Icarus, volume 30 (1977), pages 447-461.
Cantu, A. M., W. H. Parkinson, G. Tindello, and G. P. Tozzi. "Observations
of Li I and Li II Absorption Spectra in the Grazing Incidence Region."
Journal of the Optical Society of America, volume 67 (1977), page 1030.
Carleton, N. P., and J. M. Vrtilek. [Abstract] "A Search for Emission Lines
from Hot Interstellar Gas." Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society,
volume 8 (1977), page 499.
Cassinelli, J. P., and L. W. Hartmann. "The Effects of Winds and Coronae of
Hot Stars on the Infrared and Radio Continua." Astrophysical Journal,
volume 212 (1977), page 488.
298 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Ceplecha, Z., and R. E. McCrosky. "Fireball End Heights: A Diagnostic for
the Structure of Meteoric Material." Journal of Geophysical Research, vol-
ume 81 (1976), pages 6257-6275.
Chaffee, F. H., Jr. [Abstract] "Weak Interstellar Lines toward Persei." Bulle-
tin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 8 (1977), page 66.
Chaffee, F. H., Jr., and B. L. Lutz. "Line Spectra in Interstellar Clouds. III.
Weak Lines below X3400 in f Perseii." Astrophysical Journal, volume 213
(1977), pages 394-404.
Chaisson, E. J., and M. A. Dopita. "A Comparison of the Orion Nebula's
Physical Condition Measured in the Radio and Optical Domains." Astron-
omy and Astrophysics, volume 56 (1977), pages 385-400.
Chairsson, E. J., and M. A. Malkan. "Radio Recombination Study of the
Planetary Nebula." Astrophysical Journal, volume 210 (1976), pages 108-
112.
Chaisson, E. J., and L. F. Rodriguez. "Detection of Extragalactic Radio Re-
combination Line Emission from M82." Astrophysical Journal (Letters),
volume 214 (1977), pages L111-L114.
Cominsky, L., W. Forman, C. Jones, and H. Tananbaum. "UHURU Observa-
tions of the Globular Cluster X-Ray Source NGC 6712." Astrophysical
Journal (Letters), volume 211 (1977), pages L9-L14.
Cowan, J. J., and W. K. Rose. "Production of 14C and Neutrons in Red
Giants." Astrophysical Journal, volume 212 (1977), page 149.
Dalgarno, A. "The Interstellar Molecules CH and CH+." In Atomic Processes
and Applications, edited by P. G. Burke and B. L. Moiseiwitsch, pages 109-
132. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1976.
Davies, P. B., D. K. Russell, B. A. Thrush, and H. E. Radford. "Rotational
and Hyperfine Parameters of NH: (X'Bi) from LMR Spectra." Chemical Phys-
ics Letters, volume 42 (1976), page 35.
. "Analysis of the Laser Magnetic Resonance Spectrum of NH: (X~Bi)."
In Proceedings of the Royal Society, volume A253, page 299. 1977.
Davis, R. J. "Spectral Classification and U, B, V, H-beta Photometry." Astro-
physical Journal, volume 213 (1977), pages 105-110.
Davis, R. J., W. A. Deutschman, and R. E. Schild. "The Galactic Distribution
of Interstellar Absorption as Determined from the Celescope Catalog of
Ultraviolet Stellar Observations and a New Catalog of UBV, H-beta Photo-
electric Observations." Astrophysical Journal Supplement, volume 30 (1976),
pages 97-225.
Delvaille, J. P. [Abstract] "The X-Ray Structure of NGC 5128." Bulletin of
the American Astronomical Society, volume 9 (1977), page 323.
Dickinson, D. F., and S. G. Kleinmann. "Shell Structure in Stellar Water
Masers." Astrophysical Journal (Letters), volume 214 (1977), page L135.
Dickinson, D. F., G. Kojoian, C R. Purton, R. A. Sramek, and H. M. Tov-
massian. "Radio Spectra of Some Markarian Galaxies." Astronomische
Nachrichten Band 297, volume H.6 (1976), page 283.
Dupree, A. [Abstract] "Chromospheres and Coronas in Late Type Stars"
(invited review). Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 8
(1976), page 353.
. "Ultraviolet Observations from I. U. E." In Workshop Papers for a
Symposium on X-Ray Binaries, NASA SP-389, edited by Y. Kondo and B.
Boldt, page 747. Washington: National Aeronautics and Space Administra-
tion, 1976.
Dupree, A. K., and S. L. Baliunas. [Abstract] "Interstellar Density of Deu-
terium and Hydrogen towards Alpha Aurigae" Bulletin of the American
Astronomical Society, volume 8 (1976), page 551.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 299
Dupree, A. K., P. V. Foukal, and C. Jordan. "Plasma Diagnostic Techniques
in the Ultraviolet: The C III Density Sensitive Lines in the Sun." Astro-
physical Journal, volume 209 (1976), pages 621-632.
Dupree, A. K., and J. B. Lester. "High Dispersion Observations of HD 153919
(3U 1700-37)." In Workshop Papers for a Symposium on X-Ray Binaries,
NASA SP-389, edited by Y. Kondo and B. Boldt, pages 539-549. Washing-
ton: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1976.
Elliot, J. L., E. Dunham, D. Mink, R. L. Millis, J. Churms, and B. G. Marsden.
"Occultation of SAO 158687 by Uranian Satellite Belt." International Astro-
nomical Union Circular Number 3051, 1977.
Elmegreen, B. G., and C. J. Lada. "Discovery of an Extended (85 pc) Mole-
cule Cloud Associated with the M17 Star-Forming Complex." Astronomical
Journal, volume 81 (1976), page 1089.
. "Sequential Formation of Subgroups in OB Associations." Astrophysi-
cal Journal, volume 214 (1977), page 725.
Epstein, A., J. Delvaille, H. Helmken, S. Murray, H. W. Schnopper, R. Doxsey,
and F. Primini. "Variability of LMC X-4." Astrophysical Journal, volume
216 (1977), pages 103-107.
Epstein, R. I., and M. J. Geller. "A Model for Superlight Velocities of Extra-
galactic Radio Sources." Nature, volume 265 (1977), pages 219-222.
Fabbiano, G., and E. J. Schreier. "Further Studies of the Pulsation Period and
Orbital Elements of Centaurus X-3." "Astrophysical Journal, volume 214
(1977), pages 235-244.
Fazio, G. G., W. A. Traub, E. L. Wright, F. J. Low, and L. Trafton. "The
Effective Temperature of Uranus." Astrophysical Journal, volume 209
(1976), pages 633-637.
Field, G. B. "The Space Telescope." Astronomy Magazine, volume 4 (Novem-
ber 1976), page 6-15.
Field, G. B., and S. C. Perrenod. "Constraints on a Dense Hot Intergalactic
Medium." Astrophysical Journal, volume 215 (1977), pages 717-722.
Fireman, E. L., J. DeFelice, and J. D'Amico. "The Abundances of 3H and 14C
in the Solar Wind." Earth and Planetary Science Letters, volume 32 (1976),
pages 185-190.
. [Abstract] "Carbon-14 in Lunar Soil." In Lunar Science VIII, pages
299-301. Houston, Texas: Lunar Science Institute, 1977.
Foukal, P. V. "The Pressure and Energy Balance of the Cool Corona over
Sunspots." Astrophysical Journal, volume 210 (1976), pages 575-581.
Foukal, P. V., P. E. Mack, and J. E. Vernazza. "The Effect of Sunspots and
Faculae on the Solar Constant." Astrophysical Journal, volume 215 (1977),
pages 952-959.
Fox, J. L., and A. Dalgarno. "Radiative Transition Probabilities of the ls2p:i
2P and ls2p2 2D States of the Lithium Isoelectronic Sequence." Physical
Review A, volume 16 (1977), pages 283-288.
Fox, J. L., A. Dalgarno, E. R. Constantinides, and G. A. Victor. "The Nitrogen
Dayglow on Mars." Journal of Geophysical Research, volume 82 (1977),
pages 1615-1616.
Fox, J. L., A. Dalgarno, and G. A. Victor. "The Absorption of Energetic
Electrons by Argon Gas." Planetary and Space Science, volume 25 (1977),
pages 71-78.
Frederick, J. E., D. W. Rusch, G. A. Victor, W. E. Sharp, D. G. Torr, P. B.
Hays, and H. C. Brinton. "The OI (X5577) A Airglow: Observations and
Excitation Mechanisms." Journal of Geophysical Research, volume 81
(1976), pages 3923-3930.
Gaposchkin, E. M. "Gravity-Field Determination Using Laser Observations."
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London), Series A, volume
284 (1977), pages 515-527.
300 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Gaposchkin, E. M, and G. M. Mendes. [Abstract] "Geopotential Model to
Degree and Order 30 from Satellite and Terrestrial Data." Transactions of
the American Geophysical Union, volume 58 (1977), page 371.
Gingerich, O. [Omnibus review of a dozen current astronomy books] "Ad
astra sine asperis." Harvard Magazine, volume 78 (1976), pages 58-59, and
61.
. "Will the Universe End with a Bang or a Whimper?" Harvard Maga-
zine, volume 79 (1977), pages 10-12.
. "A Conversation with Charles Eames." American Scholar, volume 46
(1977), pages 326-337.
-. "The Trauma of the Infinite Universe." Journal of the American Sci-
entific Affiliation, volume 29 (1977), pages 56-58.
"Donald Howard Menzel." Physics Today, volume 30 (1977), pages 96
and 98.
"The 1582 Theorica Orbium' of Hieronymus Vulparis." Journal of
Historical Astronomy, volume 8 (1977), pages 38-43.
. "Tycho Brahe." Harvard Magazine, volume 79 (1977), pages 52-53 and
80.
-. [Abstract] "Was Ptolemy a Fraud?" Bulletin of the American Astro-
nomical Society, volume 8 (1977), page 546.
-. "Copernicus: A Modern Reappraisal." In Man's Place in the Universe,
Riecker Lectures for 1973, pages 25-49. Tucson Arizona: University of
Arizona Press, 1977.
"Early Copernican Ephemerides." In Science and History, Studies in
Honor of Edward Rosen, Studia Copernicana, volume 16. Wroclaw: Polska
Akademia Nauk, 1977.
-, editor. Cosmology + 2. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1977.
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Gottlieb, E. W., and W. Liller. "The Photometric Histories of CRL 2688, the
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Grindlay, J., H. Gursky, D. Parsignault, A. C. Brinkman, J. Heise, and D.
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Journal (Letters), volume 214 (1977), pages L57-L60.
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Hartmann, L. W., and J. P. Cassinelli. "The Structure of the Winds of Wolf-
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Astrophysical Journal, volume 215 (1977), page 155.
Heise, J., A. C. Brinkman, A. J. F. den Boggende, D. R. Parsignault, J. Grind-
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Henry, J. P., S. Bowyer, C. G. Rapley, and J. L. Culhane. "Detection of an
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Henry, J. P., and E. J. Schreier. "A Measurement of the Spin-Up Rate of the
SMC X-l X-Ray Pulsar." Astrophysical Journal (Letters), volume 212
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Jones, C, and W. Forman. "UHURU Observations of Hercules X-l during the
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Jones, C, W. Forman, H. Tananbaum, and M. J. L. Turner. "UHURU and
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Kalkofen, W., and P. Ulmschneider. "Acoustic Waves in the Solar Atmos-
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Kallne, E., H. W. Schnopper, L. P. VanSpeybroeck, J. P. Delvaille, A. Epstein,
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International Conference on the Physics of X-Ray Spectra, pages 245-247,
1976.
Kellogg, E., S. Murray, U. Briel, and D. Bardas. "The Photicon." Review of
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Kirby-Docken, K., and B. Liu. "Theoretical Study of Molecular Dipole Mo-
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volume 66 (1977), pages 4309-4316.
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Kleinmann, S. G., and D. F. Dickinson. [Abstract] "The Structure of Circum-
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volume 9 (1977), page 321.
Kohl, J. L. "The Components of the Balmer Alpha Line of He II in the Sun."
Astrophysical Journal, volume 212 (1977), page 958.
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Kohl, J. L., W. H. Parkinson, and G. L. Withbroe. "The Solar Boron Abun-
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Kresak, L., B. G. Marsden, P. Herget, E. Roemer, and B. Morando. "Report of
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Bulletin of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, volume
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Kurucz, R. "The Fourth Positive System of Carbon Monoxide." Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory Special Report Number 374, 170 pages. 1977.
Lada, C. J. "Detailed Observations of the M17 Molecular Cloud Complex."
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Hyper-Sensitization in the Detective Performance of Kodak Spectroscopic
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Layzer, D. "Why Are Spherical Stellar Systems Relaxed?" General Relativity
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Levine, R. H., and J. C. Flagg. "Numerical Image Manipulation and Display
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Levine, R. H, and G. L. Withbroe. "Physics of an Active Region Loop Sys-
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Lightman, A. P., and S. L. Shapiro. "The Distribution and Consumption Rate
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"The Story of AM Hercules." Sky and Telescope, volume 53 (1977),
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Marcus, P. S., and W. H. Press. "On Green's Functions for Small Disturb-
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volume 16, pages 195-196, 1976.
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International Astronomical Union Information Bulletin, number 38 (1977),
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The Earth Sciences: 1956-1976. An overview prepared at the request
of the National Science Foundation, 82 pages, 1977.
Mattison, E. M., R. F. C. Vessot, and M. W. Levine. "The TEm-Mode Cavity:
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Maxson, C. W., and G. S. Vaiana. "Determination of Plasma Parameters from
Soft X-Ray Images for Coronal Hole (Open Magnetic Field Configurations)
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McSween, H. Y., Jr. "Carbonaceous Chondrites of the Orans Type: A Meta-
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Mertz, L. "Positively Constrained Imagery for Rotation Collimators." Astro-
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Michael, W. H., A. P. Mayo, W. T. Blackshear, R. H. Tolson, G. M. Kelly,
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C. H. Tang. "Mass Dynamics and Surface Properties: Determination from
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Mohr, P. A. "Atmospheric Correction Problems in Ethiopian Geodimeter
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Mohr, P. A., and C. A. Wood. "Volcano Spacing and Lithospheric Attenua-
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Moran, J. M., J. A. Ball, J. L. Yen, P. R. Schwartz, K. J. Johnston, and S. H.
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Moran, J. M., B. F. Burke, R. C Walker, A. D. Haschick, L. I. Matveyenko,
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Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 8, (1976), page 564.
Morton, D., H. Spinrad, G. Bruzval, and R. Kurucz. "Ultraviolet Spectra of
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Oppenheimer, M. "Isentropic Instabilities in the Interstellar Gas." Astro-
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TiO+ and TiO." Astrophysical Journal, volume 212 (1977), pages 683-684.
Oppenheimer, M., A. Dalgarno, and H. C. Brinton. "Ion Chemisotry of N*2 and
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Oppenheimer, M., A. Dalgarno, F. P. Trebino, L. H. Brace, H. C. Brinton, and
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Papaliolios, C, S. J. Freeman, and R. A. Holt. "Experimental Status of Hid-
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Radford, H. E., M. M. Litvak, C. A. Gottlieb, E. W. Gottlieb, S. K. Rosenthal,
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Radford, H. E., and D. K. Russell. "Spectroscopic Detection of Methoxy
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volume 16 (1977), pages 849-857.
Reid, M. J., and D. F. Dickinson. "The Stellar Velocity of Long-Period Vari-
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Richardson, S. A., and H. Y. McSween. [Abstract] "The matrix composition
of carbonaceous chondrites." Meteoritics, volume 11 (1976), pages 355-356.
Rosenberg, F. D., and A. M. Levine. [Abstract] "X-Ray Observations of Extra-
Galactic Objects from SAS-3." Bulletin of the American Astronomical
Society, volume 9 (1977), page 348.
Rosner, R., and G. S. Vaiana. "Hydrostatic and Dynamic Models of Solar
Coronal Holes." Astrophysical Journal, volume 216 (1977), pages 141-157.
Roufosse, M. C, and E. M. Gaposchkin. [Abstract] "Worldwide Survey of
the Correlation between Short-Wavelength Features of Topographic Heights
and of Gravity Anomalies." Transactions of the American Geophysical
Union, volume 57 (1976), page 1002.
Rybicki, G. B. "Integrals of the Transfer Equation: I. Quadratic Integrals
for Monochromatic Isotropic Scattering." Astrophysical Journal, volume 213
(1977), page 165-176.
. "The Interpretation of Line Profiles." In The Energy Balance and
Hydrodynamics of the Solar Chromosphere and Corona, edited by R. M.
Bonnet and Ph. Delache. France: G. de Bussac, Clermont-Ferrand, 1977.
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Ryder, G. "Apollo 17 KREEPy Basalt: A Rock Type Intermediate between
Mare and KREEP Basalts." Earth and Planetary Science Letters, volume 35
(1977), pages 1-13.
Ryder, G., and J. F. Bower. "Poikilitic KREEP Impact Melts in the Apollo 14
White Rocks." In Proceedings of the Seventh Lunar Science Conference,
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Supplement 7, volume 2, pages 1925-
1948, 1976.
. "Petrology." In Interdisciplinary Studies by the Imbrium Consortium,
volume 2, pages 1-8, 13-18, 20-26, and 42-60, 1977.
Ryder, G., and G. J. Taylor. "Did Mare-Type Volcanism Commence Early in
Lunar History?" In Proceedings of the Seventh Lunar Science Conference,
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Supplement 7, volume 2, pages 1741-
1755, 1976.
Ryder, G., and J. A. Wood. [Abstract] "Composition and Vertical Structure
of the Lunar Crust." Meteoritics, volume 11 (1976), pages 356-357.
. [Abstract] "Serenitatis and Imbrium Impact Melts: Implications for
Lunar Crustal Composition and Stratigraphy." In Lunar Science VIII, pages
826-828. Houston, Texas: Lunar Science Institute, 1977.
[Abstract] "The Apollo 15 Green Clods and the Green Glass Enigma"
In Lunar Science VIII, pages 1026-1028. Houston, Texas: Lunar Science In-
stitute, 1977.
Schild, R. E. "The Distance-Reddening Law for Nova Cygni (1975) = V1500
Cygni." Astrophysical Journal (Letters), volume 209 (1976), pages L35-L36.
. "The Interstellar Reddening Law." Astronomical Journal, volume 82
(1977), pages 337-344.
Schnopper, H. W. [Abstract] "Extragalactic X-Ray Sources." Bulletin of the
American Astronomical Society, volume 8 (1976), page 445.
Schnopper, H. W., J. P. Delvaille, A. Epstein, H. Helmken, S. S. Murray, G.
Clark, G. Jernigan, and R. Doxsey. "Detection of X-Rays from Algol (0
Persei). Astrophysical Journal (Letters), volume 210 (1976), pages L75-L77.
Schnopper, H. W., J. P. Delvaille, A. Epstein, K. Kalata, and A. R. Sohval.
"X-Ray Spectroscopy with the ANS and HEAO-B Satellites." Space Science
Instrumentation, volume 2 (1976), pages 243-261.
Schnopper, H. W., A. Epstein, J. P. Delvaille, W. Tucker, R. Doxsey, and G.
Jernigan. "Detection of the X-Ray Emission from 3C120. Astrophysical
Journal (Letters), volume 215 (1977), pages L7-L11.
Schnopper, H. W., L. P. VanSpeybroeck, J. P. Delvaille, A. Epstein, E. Kallne,
R. Z. Bachrach, J. Dijkstra, and L. Lantwaard. "Diffraction Grating Trans-
mission Efficiencies for XUV and Soft X-Rays." Applied Optics, volume 16
(1977), pages 1088-1091.
Sekanina, Z. "Dust Content and Particle Release Experiments." In Proceed-
ings of the Shuttle-Based Cometary Science Workshop, edited by G. A.
Gary and K. S. Clifton, pages 142-149. Huntsville, Alabama: Marshall
Space Flight Center, 1976.
. "Statistics of Anomalous Tails of Comets." NASA TM X-3364, pages
40-42, 1976.
Shapiro, S. L., and A. P. Lightman. "The Distribution of Stars around a Mas-
sive Black Hole." Nature, volume 262 (1976), page 743.
Smarr, L. [Abstract] "Gravitational Wave Generation Efficiency for Colliding
Black Holes." Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 8
(1976), page 516.
. "Gravitational Radiation from Distant Encounters and Head-on Colli-
sions of Black Holes: The Zero-Frequency Limit." Physical Review D, vol-
ume 15 (1977), page 2069.
Smith, P. L. "Absolute Oscillator Strengths for the Iron Group: A Correc-
tion to the Data of Warner and a Comment on Some of the Semiempirical
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 309
Results of Kurucz and Peytremann." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astro-
nomical Society, volume 177, pages 275-289.
Spencer, J. H., K. H. Johnston, P. R. Schwartz, R. C. Walker, J. Moran, and
M. J. Reid. [Abstract] "The Size and Position of the H-O Sources Asso-
ciated with IR Stars." Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, vol-
ume 8 (1976), page 552.
Stein, R. F., R. I. Klein, and W. Kalkofen. "Radiative Shock Dynamics."
International Astronomical Union Reports, Commission 12, pages 49-54,
1976.
Stewart, R. F., D. K. Watson, and A. Dalgarno. "Variational Time-Dependent
Hartree-Fock Calculations. III. Potential Curves for Two-Electron Molecu-
lar Systems." Journal of Chemical Physics, volume 65 (1976), pages 2104-
2111.
Svestka, Z., C. V. Solodyna, R. Howard, and R. H. Levine. [Abstract] "Open
magnetic fields in active regions." Bulletin of the American Astronomical
Society, volume 9 (1977), page 344.
Tananbaum, H., L. J. Chaisson, W. Forman, C. Jones, and T. A. Matilsky.
"UHURU Observations of 4U 1608-52: The 'Steady' X-Ray Source Asso-
ciated with the X-Ray Burst Source in Norma." Astrophysical Journal
(Letters), volume 209 (1976), pages L125-L130.
Tang, C. H., P. F. Sforza, and M. D. Grossi. "Viking Mission Relay Link
Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Martian Terrain." In Proceedings
of the Colloquium on Water in Planetary Regoliths, pages 134-138. Han-
over, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College, Department of Earth Sciences,
and Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 1976.
Timothy, J. G. "Detection Efficiencies of Channel Electron Multipliers with
MgF Photocathodes at XUV Wavelengths." Applied Optics, volume 15
(1976), page 1218.
Torr, D. G., M. R. Torr, J. C. G. Walker, L. H. Brace, H. C. Brinton, W. B.
Hanson, J. H. Hoffman, A. O. Nier, and M. Oppenheimer. "Recombination
of NO+ in the Ionosphere." Geophysical Research Letters, volume 3 (1976),
pages 209-212.
Tucker, W. H. [Abstract] "X-Ray Emission from Giant Elliptical Galaxies."
Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 9 (1977), page 347.
Turner, J. L., and A. Dalgarno. "The Chemistry of Silicon in Interstellar
Clouds." Astrophysical Journal, volume 213 (1977), pages 386-389.
Ulmschneider, P., and W. Kalkofen. "Theoretical Temperature Minimum for
the Sun." In Physique des Mouvements dans les Atmospheres Stellaires,
edited by R. Cayrel and M. Steinberg, page 103. Paris, France: CNRS, 1976.
. "Acoustic Waves in the Solar Atmosphere: III. A Theoretical Tem-
perature Minimum." Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 57 (1977), pages
199-209.
Ulmschneider, P., W. Kalkofen, T. Nowak, and H. U. Bohn. "Acoustic Waves in
the Solar Atmosphere: I. The Hydrodynamic Code." Astronomy and Astro-
physics, volume 54 (1977), page 61.
Vaiana, G. S., L. VanSpeybroeck, M. V. Zombeck, A. S. Krieger, J. K. Silk,
and A. Timothy. "The S-054 X-Ray Telescope Experiment on Skylab."
Space Science Instrumentation, volume 3 (1977), pages 19-76.
Vessot, R. F. C, and M. W. Levine. "A Preliminary Report on the Gravita-
tional Redshift Rocket-Probe Experiment." In Proceedings of the Second Fre-
quency Standards and Metrology Symposium, pages 659-688. Boulder,
Colorado: National Bureau of Standards, 1976.
Walborn, N. R., and M. H. Liller. "The Earliest Spectroscopic Observations
of Eta Carinae and its Interaction with the Carina Nebula." Astrophysical
Journal, volume 211 (1977), pages 181-183.
Walker, R. C, B. F. Burke, A. D. Haschick, P. C. Crane, J. M. Moran, K. J.
310 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Johnston, K. Y. Lo, J. L. Yen, N. W. Broten, T. H. Legg, E. W. Greisen, and
S. S. Hansen. [Abstract] "VLBI Aperture Synthesis Observations of H-O
Masers in H II Regions." Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society,
volume 8 (1976), page 563.
Watson, M. G., and R. E. Griffiths. "Ariel V Sky Survey Instrument: Extended
Observations of 3U0900-40." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
Society, volume 178 (1977), pages 513-524.
Wayne, F. D., and H. E. Radford. "The Laser Magnetic Resonance Spectrum
of Imine (NH) and Its Isotopes." Molecular Physics, volume 32 (1976), page
1407.
Weekes, T. C. "The Sensitivity of Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiments for
Gamma Ray Astronomy." Nuovo Cimento, volume 35 (1976), pages 95-
109.
. "Atmospheric Fluorescence as a Means of Detecting X-Ray and
Gamma Ray Transients." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics,
volume 38 (1976), pages 1021-1026.
Whipple, F. L. "A Speculation about Comets and the Earth." Memoires de la
Societe Royale des Sciences, Liege, series 6, volume 9 (1976), pages 101-
111.
. "Sources of Interplanetary Dust." In Interplanetary Dust and Zodi-
acal Light, edited by H. Elsasser and H. Fechtig, pages 403-415. Heidel-
berg: Springer-Verlag, 1976.
. "Background of Modern Comet Theory." Nature, volume 263 (1976),
pages 15-19.
-. "The Status of Cometary Science." In Proceedings of the Shuttle-
Based Cometary Workshop, edited by G. A. Gary and K. S. Clifton, pages
169-190. Huntsville, Alabama: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, 1977.
-. "The reality of Comet Groups and Pairs." Icarus, volume 30 (1977),
page 736.
Whipple, F. L., and W. F. Heubner. "Physical Processes in Comets." Annual
Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 14 (1976), pages 143-172.
Whitney, C. A., and C. H. Payne-Gaposchkin. "Photometry of Long-Period
Variables." Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, Liege, series 6,
volume 9 (1976), pages 419-435.
Withbroe, G. L. "Mass and Energy Flow in the Solar Atmosphere — Implica-
tions of Skylab Observations." In The Energy Balance and Hydrodynamics
of the Solar Chromosphere and Corona, edited by R. M. Bonnet and P.
Delache, pages 263-315. France: G. de Bussac, Clermont-Ferrand, 1977.
Withbroe, G. L., and J. T. Mariska. "Analysis of EUV Limb Brightening Ob-
servations from ATM. II. Influence of Spicules." Solar Physics, volume 48
(1976), pages 21-40.
Withbroe, G. L., and J. E. Vernazza. "Active Region Flare Rates 8.6 mm
Brightness Temperatures." Solar Physics, volume 50 (1976), pages 127-131.
. [Abstract] "Skylab EUV Observations of the 7 September 1973
Flare." Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, volume 9 (1977),
page 299.
Wood, J. A. "Basaltic Volcanism in Terrestrial Planets." Ceotimes, February
1977, pages 26-29.
Wright, E. L., E. W. Gottlieb, W. Liller, J. Grindlay, H. Schnopper, E. Schreier,
H. Gursky, and D. Parsignault. [Abstract] "Possible Period for Cyg X-2
Based on Optical, X-Ray Data." Bulletin of the American Astronomical
Society, volume 8 (197t>), page 441.
Wright, E. L., C. J. Lada, D. E. Kleinmann, and G. G. Fazio. "A New Infra-
red CO-Source in M8." Astronomical Journal, volume 82 (1977), pages 132-
136.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 311
SMITHSONIAN OCEANOCRAPHIC SORTING CENTER
Ferrari, Frank. "The Significance of the Response of Pelagic Marine Animals
to Solar Eclipses." Deep-Sea Research, number 23 (1976), pages 653-654.
. "A Redescription of Oithona dissimilis Lindberg 1940 with a Com-
parison to Oithona hebes Giesbrecht 1891 (Crustacea: Copepoda: Cyclo-
poida)." In Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, volume 90,
number 2, pages 400-411. 1977.
Higgins, R. P. "Redescription of Echinoderes dujardinii (Kinorhyncha) with
Descriptions of Closely Related Species." Smithsonian Contributions to
Zoology, number 248, 1977.
. "Two New Species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha) from South Caro-
lina." Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, volume 96,
number 3, pages 340-354. 1977.
Landrum, B. J. "Cooperative Systematic Studies." "Antarctic Journal of the
United States, volume 11, number 3 (1976), page 192.
. "Polar Biological Collections." Antarctic Journal of the United States,
volume 11, number 4 (1976), page 292.
Matthews, Frances D., David M. Damkeer, Leslie W. Knapp, and Bruce B.
Collette. "Food of Western North Atlantic Tunas (Thunnus) and Lancet-
fishes (Alepisauras)." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Technical Report NMFS SSRF-706, pages 1-19. 1977.
SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Abele, Lawrence G. "Comparative Species Composition and Relative Abun-
dance of Decapod Crustaceans in Marine Habitats of Panama." Marine
Biology, volume 38, number 3 (1976), pages 263-278.
Abrams, Peter A. "Density-Independent Mortality and Interspecific Competi-
tion: A Test of Pianka's Niche Overlap Hypothesis." The American Nat-
uralist, volume 111, number 979 (1977), pages 539-552.
Bartholomew, George A., and Timothy M. Casey. "Endothermy During Ter-
restrial Activity in Large Beetles." Science, volume 195, number 4281
(1977), pages 882-883.
Batista de Yee, Gloria, and Carmen Rosa Chang. "Observaciones Sobre la
Ecologia de una Pradera de Thalassia en la Costa Atlantica de Panama."
Thesis, Universidad de Panama, Repiiblica de Panama, 1976.
Bertsch, Hans. "Intraspecific and Ontogenetic Radular Variation in Opistho-
branch Systematics (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." Systematic Zoology, volume
25, number 2 (1976), pages 117-122.
Bonaccorso, Frank J., Nicholas Smythe, and Stephen R. Humphrey. "Improved
Techniques for Marking Bats." Journal of Mammalogy, volume 57, number
2 (1976), pages 181-182.
Burghardt, Gordon M. "Of Iguanas and Dinosaurs: Social Behavior and Com-
munication in Neonate Repitles." American Zoologist, volume 17, number
1 (1977), pages 177-190.
Burghardt, Gordon M., Harry W. Green, and A. Stanley Rand. "Social Be-
havior in Hatchling Green Iguanas: Life at a Reptile Rookery." Science,
volume 195, number 4279 (1977), pages 689-691.
Clark, Mertice M., and Bennett G. Galef, Jr. "Patterns of Agonistic Interac-
tion and Space Utilization by Agoutis (Dasyprocta punctata)." Behavioral
Biology, volume 20, number 1 (1977), pages 135-140.
Cooke, Richard G. "Current Research: Lower Central America." American
Antiquity, volume 42, number 2 (1977), pages 281-283.
. "Nuevos Analisis de Carbono — 14 para Panama, al Este de Chiriqui:
una Actualizacion de los Cambios Culturales Prehistoricos." La Antigua,
number 6 (1976), pages 88-111.
312 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "Panama: Region Central." Vinculos, volume 2, number 1 (1976),
pages 122-140.
Del Rosario, Juan B., and Lawrence G. Abele. "Descriptions of the Male and
New Distribution Records for Acanthocarpus delsolari Garth, 1973 (Deca-
poda, Calappidae) from the Pacific Coast of Panama." Crustaceana, volume
30, number 3 (1976), pages 225-228.
Dexter, Deborah M. "A Natural History of the Sand Dollar Encope stokesi
L. Agassiz in Panama." Bulletin of Marine Science, volume 27, number 3
(1977), pages 544-551.
Dressier, Robert L. "Une Epidendrum Bella del Subgenero Oerstedella. An
Attractive Epidendrum of the Subgenus Oerstedella." Orquideologia, vol-
ume 11, number 2 (1976), pages 107-112.
. "How to Study Orchid Pollination Without Any Orchids." In Pro-
ceedings of the Eighth World Orchid Conference, pages 534-537. 1976.
-. "Orquideas Collectadas en Fortuna, 1976." In Evaluation Ambiental y
Efectos del Proyecto Hidroelectrico Fortuna, by Abdiel J. Adames. Loteria,
number 254-256 (1977), pages 209-216.
"Una Poinsettia (Euphorbiaceae) Nueva y Atractiva de Guerrero
(Mexico)." Boletin de la Sociedad Botdnica de Mexico, number 35 (1975),
pages 17-21.
"Una Sievekingia Nueva de Colombia. A New Colombian Sieve-
kingia." Orquideologia, volume 11, number 3 (1976), pages 215-221.
"Tipificacion de Epidendrum insidiosum. The Typification of Epiden-
drum insidiosum." Orquidea (Mex.), volume 61, number 1 (1976), pages
8-11.
Dressier, Robert L., and Eric Hagsater. "Una Especie Nueva del Sur de Mex-
ico, Helleriella guerrerensis." Orquidea (Mex.), volume 5, number 2 (1975),
pages 35-42.
. "Pachyphyllum mexicanum, sp. nov.; Un Genero Nuevo Para la Or-
quideoflora de Mexico. Pachyphyllum mexicanum, sp. nov.; A New Genus
for the Mexica Orchid Flora." Orquidea (Mex.), volume 6, number 3 (1976),
pages 71-79.
Dressier, Robert L., and Norris H. Williams. "Euglossine Pollination of
Spathiphyllum (Araceae)." Selbyana, volume 1 (1976), pages 349-356.
Eberhard, William G. "Physical Properties of Sticky Spirals and Their Con-
nections: Sliding Connections in Orb Webs." Journal of Natural History,
volume 10, number 5 (1976), pages 481-488.
Fauchald, Kristian. "Polychaetes From Intertidal Areas in Panama, with a
Review of Previous Shallow-Water Records." Smithsonian Contributions to
Zoology, number 221, 1977.
Foster, Robin B. "Tachigalia versicolor is a Suicidal Neotropical Tree." Na-
ture, volume 268, number 5621 (1977), pages 624-626.
Galef, Bennett G., Jr., and Mertice M. Clark. "Non-Norturent Functions of
Mother-Young Interaction in the Agouti (Dasyprocta punctata)." Beha-
vioral Biology, volume 17, number 2 (1976), pages 255-262.
Galef, Bennett G., Jr., Russell A. Mittermeier, and Robert C. Bailey. "Preda-
tion of the Tayra (Eira barbara)." Journal of Mammalogy, volume 57, num-
ber 4 (1976), pages 760-761.
Gee, John H. "Buoyancy and Aerial Respiration: Factors Influencing the Evo-
lution of Reduced Swimbladder Volume of Some Central American Cat-
fishes (Trichomycteridae, Callichthyidae, Loricariidae, Astroblepidae)." Ca-
nadian Journal of Zoology, volume 54, number 7 (1976), pages 1030-1037.
Gee, John H., and Phyllis A. Gee. "Alteration of Buoyancy by Some Central
American Stream Fishes, and a Comparison with North American Species."
Canadian Journal of Zoology, volume 54, number 3 (1976), pages 386-391.
Gliwicz, Zbgniew Maciej. "Plankton Photosynthetic Activity and Its Regula-
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 313
tion in Two Neotropical Man-Made Lakes." Polish Archives of Hydrobiol-
ogy, volume 23, number 2 (1976), pages 61-93.
"Stratification of Kinetic Origin and its Biological Consequences in a
Neotropical Man-Made Lake." Ekologia Polska, volume 24, number 2 (1976),
pages 197-209.
Glynn, Peter W. "Some Physical and Biological Determinants of Coral Com-
munity Structure in the Eastern Pacific." Ecological Monographs, volume 46,
number 4 (1976), pages 431-456.
. "Interactions Between Acanthaster and Hymenocera in the Field and
Laboratory." In Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Sympo-
sium, I, pages 209-215. 1977.
"Growth Rate and Age of Coral Reefs on the Pacific Coast of Pan-
ama." In Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, II,
pages 251-259. 1977.
Gore, Robert H., and Lawrence G. Abele. "Shallow Water Porcelain Crabs of
Panama and Adjacent Caribbean Waters (Crustacea: Anomura: Porcellani-
dae)." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 237, 1976.
Green, Harry W. "The Aardwolf as Hyena Mimic." Animal Behaviour, volume
25, number 1 (1977), pages 245-246.
Haines, Bruce, and Robin B. Foster. "Energy Flow Through Litter in a Pana-
manian Forest." Journal of Ecology, volume 65, number 1 (1977), pages 147-
155.
Healey, Thomas S. "Where Seaworms Glow and Monkeys Howl in the Tree-
tops." The Lamp, Spring 1977, pages 26-29.
Heck, Kenneth L., Jr. "Comparative Species Richness, Composition, and Abun-
dance of Invertebrates in Caribbean Seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) Mead-
ows (Panama)." Marine Biology, volume 41, number 4 (1977), pages 335-
348.
Hendler, Gordon. "Development of Amphioplus abditus (Verrill) (Echinoder-
mata: Ophiuroidea) : I. Larval Biology." Biological Bulletin, volume 152,
number 1 (1977), pages 51-63.
. "The Differential Effects of Seasonal Stress and Predation on the
Stability of Reef-Flat Echinoid Populations." In Proceedings of the Third
International Coral Reef Symposium, I, pages 217-224. 1977.
Heyer, W. Ronald, and A. Stanley Rand. "Foam Nest Construction in the
Leptodactylid Frogs Leptodactylus pentadactylus and Physalaemus pustulo-
sus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae)." Journal of Herpetology, volume
11, number 2 (1977), pages 225-228.
Hover, Edward L., and Thomas A. Jenssen. "Descriptive Analysis and Social
Correlates of Agonistic Displays of Anolis limifrons (Sauria, Iguanidae)."
Behaviour, volume 58, number 3-4 (1976), pages 173-191.
Jaeger, Robert G. "A Possible Prey-Call Window in Anuran Auditory Per-
ception." Copeia, number 4 (1976), pages 833-834.
Jaeger, Robert G., Jack P. Hailman, and Linda S. Jaeger. "Bimodal Diel Ac-
tivity of Panamanian Dendrobatid Frog, Colostethus nubicola, in Relation
to Light." Herpetologica, volume 32, number 1 (1976), pages 77-81.
Janos, David P. "Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Affect the Growth of
Bactris gasipaes." Principes, volume 21, number 1 (1977), pages 12-18.
Jenssen, Thomas A., and Edward L. Hover. "Display Analysis of the Signa-
ture Display Anolis limifrons (Sauria: Iguanidae)." Behaviour, volume 57,
number 3-4 (1976), pages 227-240.
Karr, James R. "An Association Between a Grass (Paspalum virgatum) and
Moths." Biotropica, volume 8, number 4 (1976), pages 284-285.
. "On the Relative Abundance of Migrants from the North Temperate
Zone in Tropical Habitats." Wilson Bulletin, volume 88, number 3 (1976),
pages 433-458.
314 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "Seasonality, Resource Availability, and Community Diversity in
Tropical Bird Communities." The American Naturalist, volume 110, number
976 (1976), pages 973-994.
"Weights of African Birds." Bulletin of the British Ornithological
Club, volume 96, number 3 (1976), pages 92-96.
"Within- and Between-Habitat Avian Diversity in African and Neo-
tropical Lowland Habitats." Ecological Monographs, volume 46, number 4
(1976), pages 457-481.
"Ecological Correlates of Rarity in a Tropical Forest Bird Commu-
nity." The Auk, volume 94, number 2 (1977), pages 240-247.
Kramer, Donald L., and Jeffrey B. Graham. "Synchronous Air Breathing, a
Social Component of Respiration in Fishes." Copeia, number 4 (1976),
pages 689-697.
Lawrence, J. M. "On the Role of the Tube Feet and Spines in the Righting
Response of Sea Urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea)." American Zoolo-
gist, volume 16, number 2 (1976), page 228.
Leigh, Egbert G., Eric L. Charnov, and Robert R. Warner. "Sex Ratio, Sex
Change, and Natural Selection." In Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences of the United States of America, volume 73, number 10, pages
3656-3660. 1976.
Linares, Olga F. "Animals That Were Bad to Eat Were Good to Compete
With: An Analysis of the Conte Style from Ancient Panama." In Ritual
and Symbol in Native Central America, edited by Philip Young and James
Howe. University of Oregon, Anthropological Papers, number 9 (1976),
pages 3-19.
. "Current Research: Central America." American Antiquity, volume
41, number 2 (1976), pages 225-226.
" 'Garden Hunting' in the American Tropics." Human Ecology, vol-
ume 4, number 4 (1976), pages 331-349.
[Review] The Yukpa Cultivation System: A Study of Shifting Culti-
vation in Colombia and Venezuela, by Kenneth Rudle. Human Ecology,
volume 4, number 3 (1976), pages 273-275.
-. "Adaptive Strategies in Western Panama." World Archeology, vol-
ume 8, number 3 (1977), pages 304-319.
Lubin, Yael D.> G. Gene Montgomery, and Orrey P. Young. "Food Resources
of Anteaters (Edentata: Myrmecophagidae) I. A Year's Census of Arboreal
Nests of Ants and Termites on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal Zone."
Biotropica, volume 9, number 1 (1977), pages 26-34.
McCosker, John E. "The Osteology, Classification, and Relationships of the
Eel Family Ophichthidae." In Proceedings of the California Academy of
Sciences, volume 41, number 1, pages 1-123. 1977.
McCoy, Earl D., and Kenneth L. Heck. "Biogeography of Corals, Seagrasses,
and Mangroves: An Alternative to the Center of Origin Concept." Sys-
tematic Zoology, volume 25, number 3 (1976), pages 201-210.
McHargue, Laurie A. "Nesting of Turkey and Black Vultures in Panama."
The Wilson Bulletin, volume 89, number 2 (1977), pages 328-329.
Maclntyre, I. G., and Peter W. Glynn. "Evolution of Modern Caribbean Fring-
ing Reef, Galeta Point, Panama." The American Association of Petroleum
Geologists Bulletin, volume 60, number 7 (1976), pages 1054-1072.
May, Michael L. "Warming Rates as a Function of Body Size in Periodic
Endotherms." Journal of Comparative Physiology, volume 111, number 1
(1976), pages 55-70.
Mendel, Frank. "Postural and Locomotor Behavior of Alouatta palliata on
Various Substrates." Folia Primatologica, volume 26, number 1 (1976),
pages 36-53.
Mendoza B., Rodolfo E. "Estudio Taxonomico y Morfologico del Genero
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 315
Marchantia en Panama." [Thesis] Universidad de Panama, Republica de
Panama, 1976.
Meyer, Kaniaulono B. "Dorid Nudibranchs of the Caribbean Coast of the
Panama Canal Zone." Bulletin of Marine Science, volume 27, number 2
(1977), pages 299-307.
Milton, Katharine. "The Foraging Strategy of the Mantelet Howler Monkey
(Allouatta palliata) in the Tropical Forest of BCI, Panama." [Thesis] Uni-
versity of New York, 1977.
Mittermeier, Russell A., and John G. Fleagle. "The Locomotor and Postural
Repertoires of Ateles geoffroyi and Colobus guereza, and a Reevaluation
of the Locomotor Category Semibrachiation." American Journal of Physical
Anthropology, volume 45, number 2 (1976), pages 235-256.
Morton, Eugene S. "Intratropical Migration in the Yellow-Green Vireo and
Piratic Fly-Catcher." The Auk, volume 94, number 1 (1977), pages 97-106.
. "Vocal Mimicry in the Thick-Billed Euphonia." The Wilson Bulletin,
volume 88, number 3 (1976), pages 485-487.
-. "Oxford Biological Expedition to the San Bias Islands, Panama, 1974."
Bulletin of the Oxford University Explorers Club, New Series, volume 1
(1976), pages 27-30.
Reiskind, Jonathan. "Ant-Mimicry in Panamanian Clubionid and Salticid Spi-
ders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Salticidae)." Biotropica, volume 9, number 1
(1977), pages 1-8.
Ricklefs, Robert E. "Growth Rate of Birds in the Humid New World Trop-
ics." The Ibis, volume 118, number 2 (1976), pages 179-207.
Robertson, D. R., H. P. A. Sweatman, E. A. Fletcher, and M. G. Cleland.
"Schooling as a Mechanism for Circumventing the Territoriality of Com-
petitors." Ecology, volume 57, number 6 (1976), pages 1208-1220.
Robinson, Michael H., and Barbara Robinson. "Discrimination Between Prey
Types: An Innate Component of the Predatory Behaviour of Araneid Spi-
ders." Zeitschrift fur Tier psychologic volume 41, number 3 (1976), pages
266-276.
. "A Tipulid Associated With Spider Webs in Papua New Guinea."
The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, volume 112 (1977), pages 1-4.
Robinson, Michael H., and Nicholas D. Smythe. "A Technique for Observing
the Behaviour of Small Animals Under Field Conditions." Psyche, volume
83, number 2 (1976), pages 210-212.
Rodriguez T., Cesar A., y Stella Guerrero B. "La Historia Natural y el Com-
portamiento de Zygopachylus albomarginis (Chamberlain) (Arachnida,
Opiliones: Gonyleptidae)." Biotropica, volume 8, number 4 (1976), pages
242-247.
Schaffer, William M., and Egbert G. Leigh. "The Prospective Role of Mathe-
matical Theory in Plant Ecology." Systematic Botany, volume 1, number 3
(1976), pages 209-232.
Scott, Norman J., Jr., Alan F. Scott, and Linda A. Malmgren. "Capturing and
Marking Howler Monkeys for Field Behavioral Studies." Primates, volume
17, number 4 (1976), pages 527-533.
Smith, Alan P. "Albinism in Relation to Competition in Bamboo Phyllostachys
bambusoides." Nature, volume 266, number 5602 (1977), pages 527-529.
Smith, W. John. The Behavior of Communicating; An Ethological Approach.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1977.
Smith, Wayne L. "Beneficial Behavior of a Symbiotic Shrimp to its Host
Anemone." Bulletin of Marine Science, volume 27, number 2 (1977), pages
343-346.
Smythe, Nicholas. "The Function of Mammalian Alarm Advertising: Social
Signals or Pursuit Invitation?" The American Naturalist, volume 111, num-
ber 977 (1977), pages 191-194.
316 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Vollrath, Fritz. "Konkurrenzvermeidung Bei Tropischen kleptoparasitischen
Haubennetzspinnen der Gattung Argyrodes (Arachnida: Araneae: Theri-
diidae)." Entomological Cermanica, volume 3, number 1/2 (1976), pages
104-108.
West, David A. "Aposematic Coloration and Mutualism in Sponge-Dwelling
Tropical Zoanthids." In Coelenterate Ecology and Behavior, edited by G. O.
Mackie. New York: Plenum Press, 1976.
Wilder, George J. "Structure and Development of Leaves in Carludovica
palmata (Cyclanthaceae) with Reference to Other Cyclanthaceae and
Palmae." American Journal of Botany, volume 63, number 9 (1976), pages
1237-1256.
. "Structure and Symmetry of Species of the Asplundia Group (Cyclan-
thaceae) Having Monopodial Vegetative Axes: Schultesiophytum Chorian-
thum, Dicranopygium sp. nov., Asplundia rigida, and Thoracocarpus bis-
sectus." Botanical Gazette, volume 138, number 1 (1977), pages 80-101.
Williams, Ernest E., and A. Stanley Rand. "Species Recognition, Dewlap Func-
tion and Faunal Size." American Zoologist, volume 17, number 1 (1977),
pages 261-270.
Willis, Edwin O. "Seasonal Changes in the Invertebrate Litter Fauna on
Barro Colorado Island, Panama." Revista Brasileira de Biologia, volume 36,
number 3 (1976), pages 643-657.
Windsor, Donald M. "Birds as Predators on the Brood of Polybia Wasps
(Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in a Costa Rican Deciduous Forest."
Biotropica, volume 8, number 2 (1976), pages 111-116.
. editor. "Environmental Monitoring and Baseline Data; Tropical Stud-
ies." [Compiled under the Smithsonian Institution Environmental Science
Program] Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution, 1976.
Wolda, Hindrik. "Ecologia de Insectos en la Provincia de Chiriqui." Conscien-
cia, volume 4, number 1 (1977), pages 3-5.
, editor. "La Estabilidad del Medioambiente Tropical y sus Pobla-
ciones." Resumenes Recibidos para el IV Simposium Internacional de Eco-
logia Tropical, 212 pages, 1977.
Zaret, Thomas M., and J. Samuel Suffern. "Vertical Migration in Zooplankton
as a Predator Avoidance Mechanism." Limnology and Oceanography, vol-
ume 21, number 6 (1976), pages 804-813.
Zucker, Naida. "Neighbor Dislodgement and Burrow-Filling Activities by Male
Uca musica terpsichores: A Spacing Mechanism." Marine Biology, volume
41, number 3 (1977), pages 281-286.
HISTORY AND ART
COOPER-HEW7TT MUSEUM
Dee, Elaine Evans. "Watercolors and Drawings." In The Royal Pavilion at
Brighton. New York: Cooper-Hewitt Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Oliver, Richard B. "Drawing Toward a More Modern Architecture." Archi-
tectural Design Magazine, June 1977, pages 444-446, London. (Entire issue
served as a catalogue for the Cooper-Hewitt exhibition of the same name.)
Sonday, Milton. "Repeat, Repeat, Repeat." Craft Horizons, August 1977,
pages 52-54.
. [Introductory essay] Fabric of Jewish Life: The Textiles in the Collec-
tion of the Jewish Museum. New York: Jewish Museum, 1977.
Taylor, Lisa M. [Foreword] Man transforms, by Hans Hollein. New York:
Cooper-Hewitt Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 1976.
. [Foreword] Cooper-Hewitt Museum 1977 Benefit Auction. New York:
Cooper-Hewitt Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 317
. [Foreword] The Royal Pavilion at Brighton. New York: Cooper-
Hewitt Museum, Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
. [Foreword] The Sculpture of Minoru and Niizuma. Tokyo: Cibu Mu-
seum, 1977.
. "Turn of the Century Life." Old Westbury News, Spring 1977, page 4.
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Atil, Esin. Monthly articles for Turkey Today [the Embassy of Turkey]. Jan-
uary-September 1977.
. "Pottery: The High Art of Lusterwares." The Washington Post, May
8, 1977.
Hobbs, Susan. "The Little-Known Side of One Great American Collector."
Smithsonian, volume 7, number 10 (January 1977), pages 50-57.
. "A Connoisseur's Vision: The American Art Collection of Charles
Lang Freer." American Art Review, August 1977, pages 76-101.
Lovell, Hin-cheung. "Some Northern Chinese Ceramic Ware of the Sixth and
Seventh Centuries." Oriental Art, Winter 1975, pages 328-343.
. "A Question of Choice, a Matter of Rendition." Renditions, number
6 (Spring 1976), pages 63-69.
Winter, John. [Obituary] "Harold Phillip Stern." Washington Conservation
Guild Newsletter, volume 2, number 2 (1977), page 5.
HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN
Fox, Howard. "Through the Golden Door: America's Immigrant Artists."
Jewish Quarterly, Spring 1977.
, publisher and co-editor. Sun & Moon: A Quarterly of Literature and
Art, Washington, D.C.
Fox, Howard, and Douglas Messerli. Index to Periodical Fiction in English,
1965-1969. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1977.
Gettings, Frank. E. E. Cummings: The Poet as Artist. Washington, D. C. :
Smithsonian Institution Press, December 1976.
. Roger Long, Paintings and Drawings. Washington, D. C. : Federal
Reserve Board, Fine Arts Program, April 1977.
Lerner, Abram. Auguste Rodin: The Burghers of Calais. Washington, D. C. :
Museum Press, Inc., 1976.
Millard, Charles. "Fauvism." Hudson Review, Winter 1976/1977, pages 576-
580.
. The Sculpture of Edgar Degas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton Uni-
versity Press, 1977.
Rosenzweig, Phyllis. The Thomas Eakins Collection of the Hirshhorn Museum
and Sculpture Garden. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
. [Review] The Natural Paradise, edited by Kynaston McShine. Mh-
seum News, July/August 1977.
Tighe, Mary Ann. "The Caricature of David Levine." The New Republic,
March 20, 1976.
. "Philip Pearlstein: Dis-Armorying Art History." The New Republic
April 24, 1976.
"The Daguerreotypes of Southworth and Hawes." Smithsonian, Octo-
ber 1976.
. [Review] The Art Scene, by Calvin Tompkins. The New Republic,
October 23, 1976.
. "A New Federal Agency: Rx for Museum Malaise." Art in America,
November/December 1976.
. [Review] Portraits, by Richard Avedon. The Washington Post, No-
vember 7, 1976.
318 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "The Best Art and Photography Books of 1976." The Washington
Post, December 9, 1976.
. "Art and Exhibitionism." The New Republic, December 10, 1976.
. [Review] Persepolis and Ancient Iran. Smithsonian, December 1976.
[Review] Calder Universe, by Jean Lipman. The Washington Post,
December 19, 1976.
[Review] Eisenstaedt's Album, by Philip Kunhadt, Jr. The Washington
Post, December 19, 1976.
. [Review] Lisette Model Exhibition. Art in America. January/February
1977.
. "Gertrude Kasebier, Lost and Found." Art in America, March/April
1977.
"DiSuevero in Grand Rapids: The Public Prevails." Art in America,
March/April 1977.
-. "Art on the Line: New York, Moscow, New York, Moscow." The New
Republic, April 16, 1977.
[Review] Callahan and Paul Strand: Sixty Years of Photographs. The
Washington Post, March 10, 1977.
[Review] Alfred Stiglitz and the American Avant-Carde. The New
York Times Book Review, May 8, 1977.
[Review] An Early Victorian Album: The Photographic Masterpieces
of David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson, edited by Colin Ford. Smith-
sonian, May 1977.
Weil, Stephen E. "Art and the Law." Law Library Journal, volume 70, number
1 (February 1977), pages 1-4.
. " 'If Men Were Angels. . .,' An Overview of Museums and the Law."
Museum News, volume 56, number 1 (September/October 1977), pages 35-41.
JOSEPH HENRY PAPERS
Mollela, Arthur P., and Nathan Reingold, editors. "The Interaction of Science
and Technology in the Industrial Age." [Special issue] Technology and Cul-
ture, volume 17 (October 1976).
Reingold, Nathan. The Case of the Disappearing Laboratory." American
Quarterly, volume 29 (Spring 1977), pages 79-101.
Reingold, Nathan, and Arthur P. Molella. [Introduction] "The Interaction of
Science and Technology in the Industrial Age." [Special issue] Technology
and Culture, volume 17 (October 1976).
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
BOOKS
Americas: The Decorative Arts in Latin America in the Era of the Revolution.
80 pages, 4 color and 71 black-and-white illustrations. Washington, D.C. :
Smithsonian Institution Press, October 1976. $6.80.
Robert Rauschenberg. 218 pages, 21 color and 259 black-and-white illustra-
tions. Washington, D.C: National Collection of Fine Arts, March 1977. Paper
$15.50.
ARTICLES
Bermingham, Peter. [Essay] The Art of Poetry. [Exhibition checklist] November
1976.
. [Essay] China Revisited: Ink Paintings by Thomas George. [Exhibition
checklist] February 1977.
Flint, Janet A. [Essay] Jacob Kainen: Prints, A Retrospective. [Exhibition cata-
logue] November 1976.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 319
. [Checklist of Prints] Jacob Kainen: Prints, A Retrospective. [Exhibition
catalogue] November 1976.
-. [Essay] Raphael Soyer: Drawings and Watercolors. [Exhibition cata-
logue] September 1977.
Herman, Lloyd. [Foreword] The Object as Poet. [Exhibition catalogue] Decem-
ber 1976.
. [Essay] Paint on Wood: Decorated American Furniture Since the 17th
Century. [Exhibition catalogue] May 1977.
-. [Acknowledgments] Americas: The Decorative Arts in Latin America
in the Era of the Revolution. [Book] October 1976.
Hopps, Walter. [Acknowledgments] Robert Rauschenberg. [Exhibition cata-
logue] March 1977.
Hormats, Bess. "Whatever Happened to the German War Art Collection?"
Art Monthly (London), December 1976.
Taylor, Joshua C. [Forword] America: The Decorative Arts in Latin America
in the Era of the Revolution. [Book] October 1976.
. [Foreword] Jacob Kainen: Prints, A Retrospective. [Exhibition cata-
logue] November 1976.
[Foreword] Raices y Visionesi Roots and Visions. [Exhibition checklist]
July 1977.
. [Foreword] Robert Rauschenberg. [Exhibition catalogue] March 1977.
[Essay] Arthur Wesley Dow (1857-1922). [Exhibition checklist] July
1977.
-. [Essay] Robert Rauschenberg. [Exhibition checklist] October 1976.
Truettner, William. "George Catlin, Frank Wilkin, and the Prince of Econ-
chatti." Apollo, volume 105 (February 1977), pages 124-126.
FLYERS AND PROGRAMS
Kaleidoscope Day: The Third Dimension. May 1977.
The Philadelphia Trio. October 1976.
Carmina Gallo. November 1976.
"Poetry in Sound." December 1976.
Liliane Questel. January 1977.
Sara Stern, Alice Takemoto. May 1977.
Daniel Comegys, Maurice Murphy. June 1977.
Kathleen Colding, Alice Takemoto. June 1977.
Candace Johnson, Al Cifford, Marjorie Lee. June 1977.
Pamela Barr, Lydia Bernstein. July 1977.
Lydian Chamber Players. August 1977.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY
Office of the Director
Bedini, Silvio A. "Owls in the Attic." In The Smithsonian Experience, pages
141-143. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
"The Hardware of History." In The Smithsonian Experience, pages
96-103. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Friedel, Robert. Men, Materials, and Ideas: A History of Celluloid. [Ph.D.
Dissertion] Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1977.
Friedel, Robert, and John W. Servos. "The Saccharin Flap of '07." The Wash-
ington Post, March 27, 1977, page C5.
Hindle, Brooke. The Meaning of the Bethlehem Waterworks. Bethlehem,
Pennsylvania, 1977.
. "Military History and the Museum." Army Museum Newsletter,
number 14 (1977), pages 4-7.
320 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "Science and the American Revolution." The Journal of General Edu-
cation, number 28 (Fall 1976), pages 223-236.
Lawless, Benjamin W. "The Smithsonian Style." The Smithsonian Experience,
pages 52-59. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution, 1977.
Lawless, Benjamin W., and Michael Harris. "Letters to a Highly Regarded
Institution," by Michael Lawless and Benjamin Harris [sic]. Gargoyle,
September 1977, pages 8-19.
Post, Robert C. Physics, Patents, and Politics: A Biography of Charles Graf-
ton Page. New York: Science History Publications, 1976.
. "Steel Ropes into the Howling Wilderness." In Los Angeles: Biog-
raphy of a City, edited by Johns and Laree Caughey, pages 192-197, Berkeley,
Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1976.
-. "Story of the Pacific Railway." Evening Outlook, Santa Monica, Cali-
fornia, September 11, 1976, pages 6A-7A.
"Stray Sparks from the Induction Coil: The Volta Prize and the Page
Patent." In Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, volume 64,
page 1279-1287. 1976.
-, contributing author. Signers of the Constitution: Historic Places
Commemorating the Signing of the Constitution. Washington, D.C: De-
partment of the Interior, National Park Service, 1976.
Tillotson, Robert G. Museum Security/Le Securite dan les Musees. Edited
by Diana D. Menkes. Paris: International Council of Museums, May 1977.
Department of Applied Arts
Adrosko, Rita J. "18th Century American Weavers, Their Looms and Their
Products." In Imported and Domestic Textiles in Eighteenth-Century Amer-
ica. 1975 Proceedings of the Irene Emery Roundtable on Museum Textiles.
Washington, D.C: The Textile Museum, 1976.
. [Introduction] 22 Polish Textile Artists. Washington, DC: Smith-
sonian Institution Press, 1977.
"Weaving." In Spinning and Weaving. Washington, DC: Smith-
sonian Institution Press, 1977.
Bruns, Franklin R., Jr. "The United States 'Liberty' Issue, 1954-1963." In The
American Philatelic Congress Book, 1976, pages 45-76. Wilmington, Dela-
ware: The American Philatelic Congress, 1976.
. American Stamps. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press,
1977.
Clain-Stefanelli, Elvira. America di ieri nelle medaglie e nelle placchette di
Victor D. Brenner. [Reprint from La Medaglia, pages 53-67] Milan, Italy:
S. Johnson, 1976.
. Dimitri Ferentinos and His Art. Athens, Greece 1977.
Clain-Stefanelli, Elvira, and Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli. Das grosse Buch der
Miinzen und Medaillen. Munich, Germany: Battenberg, 1976. [Published
with an appendix by Giinter Shon. Munzkatalog Europa von 1900 bis
heute.]
Hebert, Raymond J. "The Mecklenberg Declaration of Independence Centen-
nial Medal." The Numismatist, February 1977, pages 273-284.
Marzio, Peter C. The Art Crusade. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution
Press, 1976.
. "Democracy in American Art." In Papers on American Art. Philadel-
phia: Friends of Independence Historical Park, 1976.
-. "Illustrated News in Early American Prints." In American Printmak-
ing before 1876. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1976.
-. "Mr. Audubon and Mr. Bien: An Early Phase in the History of Amer-
ican Chromolithography." In Prospects, edited by Jack Salzman. New York:
Burt Franklin, 1976.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 321
. "The American Drawing Books." In Philadelphia Printmaking before
1860. Philadelphia: Tinicum Press, 1977.
Perfect Likenesses: Portraits for History of the Indian Tribes of North
America (1837-44). Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
Norby, Reidar. "The Scandinavian Stamp Lexicon." Scandinavian Scribe,
volume 12, number 1 (1976), pages 5-6 and 11-12.
. Foreign Stamps. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press,
1977.
Ostroff, Eugene. Conserving and Restoring Photographic Collections. [Re-
vised edition] Washington, D.C: American Association of Museums, 1976.
. Photography. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
Scheele, Carl H. American Post Offices. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Insti-
tution Press, 1977.
Department of Cultural History
Ahlborn, Richard E. "Comments on Textiles in Eighteenth Century Spanish
New Mexico." In Imported and Domestic Textiles in 18th Century Amer-
ica, edited by Patricia L. Fiske, pages 132-146. Washington, DC: The
Textile Museum, 1976.
Fesperman, John T. "Spanish and American Organbuilding in Mexico." News-
letter of the American Musical Instrument Society, volume 5, number 2/3
(June/October 1976), pages 1-2, and 4.
. Works of Nicolas de Crigny. [Performance on organ built by Charles
Fisk at the University of Vermont] Orion Master Recordings, Inc.
(ORS76253)
Golovin, Anne C. "William King Jr., Georgetown Furniture Maker." Antiques,
volume 111, number 5 (May 1977), pages 1032-1037.
Harris, Karyn Jean. Costume Display Techniques. Nashville, Tennessee:
American Association for State and Local History, 1977.
Hollis, Helen R. The Musical Instruments of Joseph Haydn: An Introduction.
Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
Kidwell, Claudia. "Apparel for Ballooning with Speculations on More Com-
monplace Garb." Costume (London), number 11, pages 73-87.
Roth, Rodris. "Relic Furniture and George J. Henkels." In Collector's Notes,
edited by Dorothy E. Ellesin. Antiques, volume 110, number 2 (August
1976), pages 276 and 356.
. "A Patent Model by John Henry Belter." Antiques, volume 111,
number 5 (May 1977), pages 1038-1040.
Sheldon, Robert. "Brandenburg Concerto I." In Brandenburg Concerti, by
J. S. Bach. [Performance with Aston Magna Foundation on horn in F by
Johann Grinwald, Munich, 1725, from Smithsonian collection] Columbia
Records.
Weaver, James. Pieces de Clavecin, by Jacques Duphly. [Performance on
harpsichord by Benoist Stehlin, Paris, 1770, from Smithsonian collection]
The Smithsonian Label.
. Pieces de Clavecin, by Antoine Forqueray. [Performance on harpsi-
chord] Nonesuch Records.
"Brandenburg Concerto II." In Brandenburg Concerti, by J. S. Bach.
[Performance with Aston Magna Foundation on harpsichord] Columbia
Records.
. Sonatas for Violin and Basso Continuo by Francesco Geminiani.
[Performance on harpsichord] Musical Heritage Society.
322 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Department of Industries
Berkebile, Don H. American Carriages, Sleighs, Sulkies and Carts. New York:
Dover Publications, Inc., 1977.
Gardner, Paul V. In the Smithsonian: The National Museum of History and
Technology: American Class. Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian Institution
Press, 1977.
Schlebecker, John T. "The Use of Objects in Historical Research." Agricultural
History, volume 51 (January 1977), pages 200-208.
. "Who's a Leader? The Published Documents: A Commentary." In
Agricultural Literature: Proud Heritage — Future Promise, pages 169-171.
Washington, D.C: Associates of the National Agricultural Library, 1977.
"Eighteenth Century Living Historical Farms: A Search for Identity."
In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 1976, pages 32-34. Washington, D.C.
Association for Living Historical Farms and Agricultural Museums, 1977.
"Standards of Excellence for Living Historical Farms and Agricultural
Museums." In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 1976, pages 1-8. Washing-
ton, D.C: Association for Living Historical Farms and Agricultural Mu-
seums, 1977.
-, editor. [Bi-monthly] Living Historical Farms Bulletin, volume 6, num-
bers 1-6 (November 1976-September 1977).
Sharrer, G. Terry. "Alexandria Industry and Commerce, 1800-1900." In Alex-
andria, A Town in Transition, edited by John Macoll. Alexandria, Virginia:
Alexandria Historical Society, 1977.
White, John H., Jr. "Grice and Long: Steam-Car Builders." In Prospects, An
Annual of American Cultural Studies, volume 2, pages 25-39. New York:
Burt Franklin & Co., Inc., 1976.
. "Splendor and Gloom: The Decoration of Victorian Railroad Cars." In
Nineteenth Century, volume 3 (Spring 1977), pages 38-47.
. "The Why in History." In Trains Magazine, volume 37 (1977) page 66.
"The Cover Design 'A Perfect Light Is a Luxury': Pintsch Gas Car
Lighting." In Technology and Culture, volume 18, pages 64-69.
-, editor. Railroad History, numbers 135 (Autumn 1976) and 136 (Spring
1977).
Department of National and Military History
Klapthor, Margaret B. "Presidential China." Cincinnati Antiques Festival 1976,
pages 76-80, October 1976.
. [Foreword] Behind the Scenes, by the Southern Maryland Regional
Committee of National Society of Colonial Dames of America. 1977.
The First Ladies Cookbook. Historical text of Parents' Magazine Press,
New York, 1977. [Chapters on the Ford administration and the Carter admin-
istration]
Langley, Harold D., Francis L. Loewenheim, and Manfred Jones, editors.
Roosevelt and Churchill: Carteggi Segreto Di Cuerra. [Italian edition of
Roosevelt and Churchill: Their Secret Wartime Correspondence] Milan:
Arnoldo Mondadori, 1977.
Lundeberg, Philip K. "Convoy and Dry Docks." In Dictionary of American
History, volume 2, pages 217-218 and 375. New York: Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1976.
. "Nautical Archaeology: Legal Aspects." In Proceedings of the Second
International Conference of Maritime Museums, Oslo, 1975, pages 27-33.
Oslo: Norsk Sjofartsmuseum, 1977.
. "Samuel Eliot Morison, 1887-1976." Military Affaires, volume 40
(1976), pages 145-146.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 2>22>
. "Search for Continental Gunboats at Schuylers Island, Lake Cham-
plain, New York." In National Geographic Society Research Reports, 1968,
pages 213-223. Washington, D.C. : Washington National Geographic So-
ciety, 1976.
"Staff Security Training." In Museum Security: La Securite dans les
Musees, pages 12-15, 65-67, and 190-193. Paris: International Council of
Museums, 1977.
Mayo, Edith P. "The Woman's Pavillion at the Philadelphia Centennial." In
Bulletin of the National Council of Women, volume 24, number 3 (Novem-
ber/December 1976).
. "Ladies and Liberation: Icon and Iconoclast in the Women's Move-
ment." Icons of America, Fall 1977.
Department of Science and Technology
Belfield, Robert B. Relics of the Electrical Age. Washington, D.C: Smith-
sonian Institution, Division of Electricity, 1977.
Eklund, Jon B. "Of a Spirit in the Water: Some Early Ideas on the Aerial
Dimension." ISIS, volume 67 (1976), pages 527-550.
Finn, Bernard S. "Franklin as Electrician." In Proceedings of the IEEE, volume
64, pages 1270-1273. 1976.
. "Growing Pains at the Crossroads of the World: A Submarine Cable
Station in the 1870s." In Proceedings of the IEEE, volume 64, pages 1287-
1292. 1976.
Person-to-Person Exhibit Directory. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian
Institution, Division of Electricity, 1976.
Forman, Paul. "'Atom Smashers: Fifty Years' — Preview of an Exhibit on the
History of High Energy Accelerators." In Proceedings of the 1977 Particle
Accelerator Conference. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, volume
NS-24, pages 1896-1899. 1977.
Hamarneh, Sami K. "India's Contribution to Medieval Arabic Medical Edu-
cation and Practice." Studies in History of Medicine, volume 1, New Delhi,
India, page 5-35. 1977.
. "Reconstruction of an 1884 American Pharmacy." Pharmacy in His-
tory, volume 19 (1977), pages 109-114.
Hamarneh, Sami K., and A. Y. al-Hassan, editors. Institute for the History of
Arabic Science News Letter, numbers 1-5 (June 1976-April 1977).
Mayr, Otto. "The Science-Technology Relationship as a Historiography
Problem." In Technology and Culture, volume 17 (1976), pages 663-673.
Multhauf, Robert P. "Geology, Chemistry, and the Production of Common
Salt." Technology and Culture, volume 17 (1976), pages 634-645.
Sivowitch, Elliot N. [Introductory essay] The Telephone, An Historical An-
thology. New York: Arno Press, 1977.
Tyne, Gerald F. J. Saga of the Vacuum Tube. Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams
and Co., Inc., 1977.
NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY
Beard, Richard E., and Nancy B. Beard. "Some Notion of Nations." [Review
of the exhibition "A Nation of Nations"] Roundtable Reports, Summer
1976.
Henderson, Amy E. "Expansionism and Louisiana." [Review] This Affair of
Louisiana, by Alexander De Conde. Reviews in American History, June
1977.
. [Review] The Impact of the American Revolution Abroad, Library of
Congress Symposia on the American Revolution. The New England Quar-
terly, June 1977.
324 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. [Review] A Fair and Happy Land, by William A. Owen. The Filson
Club History Quarterly, June 1977.
[Review] Revolt in Louisiana, by John Preston Moore. Illinois State
Historical Journal, August 1977.
Miles, Ellen G. [Doctoral dissertion] Thomas Hudson (1701-1779): Portraitist
to the British Establishment. University Microfilms, June 1977.
. Portrait Painting in America: The Nineteenth Century. New York:
Antiques Magazine Library, 1977.
Miller, Lillian B. [Review] The Patriots: The American Revolution Genera-
tion of Genius, edited by Virginius Dabney. The Journal of American His-
tory, September 1976.
. [Review] The New York Little Renaissance: Iconoclasm, Modernism
and Nationalism in American Culture, 1908-1927, by Arthur Frank Wer-
theim. History Reviews of New Books, September 1976.
-. [Review] Toward a National Taste, by J. Meredith Neil. The William
and Mary Quarterly, October 1976.
-. [Review] A Rising People: The Founding of the United States 1765
to 1789, by the American Philosophical Society, 1976. Pennsylvania Maga-
zine of History and Biography, January 1977.
[Review] Architecture in the United States: A Survey of Architec-
tural Styles Since 1776, by Ralph W. Hammett. History: Reviews of New
Books, February 1977.
[Review] A Cultural History of the American Revolution: Painting,
Music, Literature and the Theatre in the Colonies and the United States
from the Treaty of Paris to the Inauguration of George Washington, 1763-
1789, by Kenneth Silverman. The Journal of American History, June 1977.
O'Toole, Dennis. [Review] The Message in the Bottle, by Walker Percy.
Roundtable Reports, Summer 1977.
Voss, Frederick. [Review] Manual for Museums, by Ralph Lewis. American
Archivist, July 1977.
Yellis, Kenneth. "To Speak the Name of the Dead." [Review of the exhibition
"Treasures of Tutankhamen"] Roundtable Reports, Winter 1977.
OFFICE OF AMERICAN STUDIES
Washburn, Wilcomb E. The Indian in America. [Japanese translation arranged
with Harper and Row Publishers Inc. through Japan UNI Agency, Inc.]
Tokyo: Nan'un-do Company, Ltd., 1977.
. "The Moral Equivalent to Football." The New Republic, volume 177,
number 4 (July 23, 1977), pages 33-36.
Washburn, Wilcomb E., and Robert M. Utley. The American Heritage History
of the Indian Wars. New York: American Heritage Publishing Company,
1977.
MUSEUM PROGRAMS
CONSERVATION-ANALYTICAL LABORATORY
Goodway, Martha E. "Metallographic Preparation of Art and Archaeological
Specimens." Technology and Conservation, Spring 1977, pages 10-13.
, editor. Corrosion and Metal Artifacts — A Dialogue between Con-
servators and Archaeologists and Corrosion Scientists, NBS Special Publi-
cation 479. [Proceedings of meeting at the National Bureau of Standards]
March 1976.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 325
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ARCHIVES
Lytle, Richard H, Maynard Brichford, Harriet Ostroff, and John P. Butler.
"Intellectual Central of Historical Records." The American Archivist, vol-
ume 40 (1977), pages 307-313.
. [Review] SP1NDEX II at Cornell University and a Review of Archival
Automation in the United States, by H. Thomas Hickerson, Joan Winters, and
Venetia Beale. The American Archivist, volume 40 (1977).
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES
Abelson, Alison [Review] Theatre Came File, by Viola Spolin. Roundtable
Reports, Spring 1967, page 10.
Coodwin, Jack. "Current Bibliography in the History of Technology (1975)."
Technology and Culture, volume 18 (April 1977), pages 272-390.
Pisano, Dominick. "Charles Lindbergh: A Selected Bibliography." In Charles
A. Lindbergh: An American Life, by Tom D. Crouch. Washington, D.C. :
Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.
Ratzenberger, Katharine. [Review] The American Personality: The Artist-
Illustrator of Life in the United States, 1860-1930. [Exhibition at the Grun-
wald Center for the Graphic Arts] Library Journal, November 1, 1976.
. [Review] American Architecture and Art: A Guide to Information
Sources, by David M. Sokol. Art Libraries Society of North America News-
letter, volume 5, number 1, (December 1976).
[Review] The Paintings and the Journal of Joseph Whiting Stock.
Library Journal, February 15, 1977.
[Review] Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contem-
porary Perspective. Library Journal, May 15, 1977.
[Review] American Architects from the First World War to the Pres-
ent, by Lawrence Wodehouse. Library Journal, June 15, 1977.
Shank, Russell. "Smithsonian Institution Libraries." Bowker Annual, 1977,
pages 46-49.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE
EXHIBITION CATALOGUES
Karageorghis, Vassos. Treasures of Cyprus. November 1976.
Tanavoli, Parvi, and John Wertime. Locks from Iran: Pre-Islamic to Twen-
tieth Century. October 1976.
Silverworks from Rio de la Plata, Argentina. October 1976.
The Human Form: Sculpture, Prints and Drawings by Fritz Wotruba. April
1977.
BOOKLETS
Davis, Nancy. Folk Woodcuts from Brazil's Northeast. November 1976.
Mirage in the West. January 1977.
FOLDERS
Timbrell, Charles. Salzburger Festspielel. April 1977.
Naive Art in Yugoslavia. October 1976.
Treasures of Cyprus. November 1976.
Divine Favors, Human Vows: Milagros from Puerto Rico. May 1977.
America's First Ladies. July 1977.
326 / Smithsonian Year 1977
POSTERS
Oliphant: Paintings and Cartoons. June 1977.
And Now a Message . . . A Century of American Advertising, 1830-1930.
August 1977.
PUBLIC SERVICE
ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM
The Anacostia Story: 1608-1930, March 3, 1977.
DIVISION OF PERFORMING ARTS
Taylor, J. R. [Liner notes] "Fletcher Henderson: Developing an American
Orchestra, 1923-1937." Smithsonian Collection recording.
. [Liner notes] "Jammin' for the Jackpot: Big Bands and Territory
Bands of the 1930s." New World Records recording.
. [Liner notes] "Jim Hall: Commitment." Horizon recording.
— . [Liner notes] "Max Roach: The Many Sides of Max." Trip recording.
[Liner notes] "Duke Ellington: Carnegie Hall Concert 1947." Fantasy
recording.
. [Liner notes] "Charlie Parker: Encore." Savoy recording.
. "Jimmy Owens: A Master's Voice." Radio Free Jazz, December 1976.
. "Horace Silver Discography." Radio Free Jazz, March 1977.
. "Bond Street Breakdown." Village Voice, July 18, 1977.
. [Review] "Fats Waller Strides Out of Sight." Village Voice, August 1,
1977.
— . "Newport Jazz Festival Events." Radio Free Jazz, August 1977.
[Review] "McCoy Turner: Fly with the Wind." Jazz Magazine, num-
ber 2.
. [Review] "Sonny Clark Memorial Album." Jazz Magazine, number 2.
. [Review] Jazz Is, by Nat Hentoff. Jazz Magazine, number 3.
. [Review] "Kenny Dorham: But Beautiful." Jazz Magazine, number 3.
. [Review] "Mai Waldron: One and Two." Jazz Magazine, number 3.
. [Review] "Art Farmer: Crawl Space." Jazz Magazine, number 4.
. [Review] "Urbie Green: The Fox." Jazz Magazine, number 4.
[Program notes] Smithsonian Jazz Heritage, Jazz Connoisseur, and
Blues concerts. 1976-1977.
[Preface and Introductions] Greenwood Press Jazz Periodicals, Micro-
form Series.
Williams, Martin. "American Jazz" and "Duke Ellington." In The Enjoyment
of Music, by Joseph Machlis, fourth edition. New York: W. W. Norton and
Co., Inc.
. [Liner notes for recording] "Ellington: American Composer." In Duke
Ellington 1938, Smithsonian Collection recording.
. [Program notes] "Ellington and Black, Brown and Beige." September
29, 1977.
. [Liner notes for recording] "John Birks Gillespie: The Development
of an American Artist." Smithsonian Collection recording.
OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
[Newsletter] Art-to-Zoo. Published several times during the year.
Let's Go to the Smithsonian: A Bulletin for Schools. Published several times
during the year.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 327
Smithsonian Learning Opportunities for Schools: 1977-1978. Washington,
D.C. : Smithsonian Institution Press, August 15, 1977.
SMITHSONIAN RESIDENT ASSOCIATE PROGRAM
Edelson, Paul J., co-author. "Community College Aims to Expand Occupa-
tional Opportunities for the Deaf." Hearing Rehabilitation Quarterly, Win-
ter 1977.
Lee, Margaret V., art director, and Janet W. Solinger, producer. "Inscapes:
Words and Images." Poster reproduction of an original serigraph by Philip
Guston with poetry by Stanley Kunitz. [Commissioned to commemorate
the city-wide poetry and visual arts festival] Washington, D.C, December
1976.
THE NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
Brown, David A. "An Apollo and Marsyas by Anselmi." Antologia di Belle
Arti, volume 1, number 1 (March 1977), pages 2-6.
. "A Drawing by Zanetti after a Fresco on the Fondaco dei Tedeschi."
Master Drawings, volume 15, number 1 (Spring 1977), pages 31-44.
Carmean E. A., Jr. "Morris Louis and the Modern Tradition: Part II, Cubism;
Part III, Impression." Arts Magazine, volume 51, number 2 (October 1976),
pages 112-117.
. Notes on Anne Truitt. [Exhibition catalogue.] Charlottesville, Virginia:
University of Virginia Art Museum, October 1976.
"Morris Louis and the Modern Tradition: Part IV, Fauvism; Part V,
Later Matisse." Arts Magazine, volume 51, number 3 (November 1976),
pages 122-126.
"Morris Louis and the Modern Tradition: Part VI, Abstraction." Arts
Magazine, volume 51, number 4 (December 1976), pages 116-119.
-. "Juan Gris Fantomas." Arts Magazine, volume 51, number 5 (January
1977), pages 116-119.
"Les Fleurs de Malraux." [Review] Picasso's Mask, by Andre Malraux.
The Washington Post, January 2, 1977.
Collins, Jane D. "Plural/Singular Headings for Art Media: an ARLIS/NA
Position Paper." ARLIS/NA Newsletter, volume 4, number 6 (October
1976), page 171.
Edelstein, J. M. [Review] Black Sun: The Brief Transit and Violent Eclipse of
Harry Crosby, by Geoffrey Wolff. The New Republic, volume 175, number
19 (November 6, 1976), pages 25-26.
. [Review] The Death of Venice, by Stephen Fay and S. Knightley. The
New Republic, volume 176, number 5 (January 29, 1977), pages 34-36.
-. [Review] William Caxton, by George Painter. The New Republic, vol-
ume 177, number 27, (July 2, 1977), pages 37-38.
Fine, Ruth Eileen. Ernest Haskell: 1876-1925. [Exhibition catalogue] Bruns-
wick, Maine: Bowdoin College Museum of Art, 1976. [Introductory essay
under the name of Ruth Fine Lahrer]
. Watercolors by Robert Murray and Toni Onley. [Exhibition cata-
logue] Philadelphia: Olympia Galleries, Ltd., 1976. [Introductory essay under
the name Ruth Fine Lehrer]
-, editor. "Notes from the Women's Caucus." Art Journal and News-
letter, College Art Association, 1977.
Lewis, Douglas. "Jacopo Sansovino, Sculptor of Venice." In symposium,
Titan: His World and His Legacy (The Bampton Lectures in America). New
York: Columbia University, October 16, 1976.
328 / Smithsonian Year 1977
. "A New Book of Drawings by Francesco Muttoni." Arte Veneta,
volume 30 (1976), pages 200-214.
"Sculpture, XIII to XX Century." In The National Gallery of Art,
edited by John Walker. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1976.
-. "Interrelationships between Media in Palladio's Domestic Designs."
[Paper for joint session] The Renaissance in Italy, meetings of the College
Art Association and the Society of Architectural Historians, Los Angeles,
February 3, 1977.
"The St. Petersburg Bronzes of Barye's War and Peace." Pharos,
volume 14, number 1 (May 1977), pages 1-12.
-. "Patronage of Sixteenth-Century Architects by the Venetian Patri-
ciate." [Paper for conference] Patronage in Renaissance Europe. The Folger
Institute of Renaissance and Eighteenth-Century Studies, Washington,
D.C., May 20, 1977.
Powell, Earl A., III. "Manierre Dawson's Woman in Brown." Arts Magazine,
September 1976, pages 76-77.
. "Morton Schanberg: The Machine as Icon." Arts Magazine May 1977,
pages 122-123.
Robison, Andrew. Paper in Prints [Exhibition catalogue] Washington, D.C. :
National Gallery of Art, 1977.
. [Reviews] Piranesi: Etchings and Drawings, by Roseline Bacou; and
Piranesi, by Jonathan Scott. The Print Collector's Newsletter, volume 8,
number 2 (May-June 1977), pages 48-49.
Russell, H. Diane. [Review] Les dessins de Stefano Delia Bella, by Francoise
Viatte. Art Bulletin, September 1977.
. "Reviews of Four Books on Venetian Drawings." Master Drawings,
volume 14, number 3 (Autumn 1976).
"Walter Pater and John Addigton Symonds: A Raking View." [Paper
for session] Art and Homosexuality: Classical to Modern Times. College
Art Association of America, February 1977.
Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr. Perspective, Optics and Delft Artists around 1650.
New York: Garland Press, 1977.
. "Gerard Houckgeest and Emmanuel de Witte: Architectural Painting
in Delft." Simiolus, volume 8, number 3 (1975-1976), pages 167-185.
"Constantijn Huygens and Early Attitudes towards the Camera Ob-
scura." History of Photography, volume 1, number 2 (1977), pages 93-103.
-. "De geschiendenis en bekoring van 'De Molen'." De Kroniek van het
Rembr andthuis , volume 29, number 1 (1977), pages 20-32.
-. [Review] Johannes Vermeer, by Albert Blankert. The Art Bulletin,
volume 59 (1977), pages 439-441.
Appendix 6. Publications of the Staff I 329
APPENDIX 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977
Smithsonian Fellows pursue research problems in Smithsonian facilities and
collections in collaboration with professional staff members.
SMITHSONIAN POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS
Program in American and Cultural History
Alfred P. Hurley, Ph.D., Princeton University. History of the United States
Air Force, with Forrest C. Pogue, Eisenhower Institute for Historical Research,
from August 1, 1976, through July 31, 1977.
Warren B. Walsh, Ph.D., Harvard University. Impact of selected senior mili-
tary colleges upon their graduates, especially their influence toward nonmili-
tary responses to problems of United States national security, with Forrest C.
Pogue, Eisenhower Institute for Historical Research, from January 1, 1977,
through June 30, 1977.
Program in Anthropology
M. James Blackman, Ph.D., Ohio State University. Study of the obsidian and
"steatite" from Tel-e Malyan, Iran, with William W. Fitzhugh, Department of
Anthropology, and Jacqueline S. Olin, Conservation Analytical Laboratory,
from December 1, 1976, through November 30, 1977.
Claire M. Cassidy, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. Historical analysis of char-
acter and distribution of New World Treponematoses, with Donald J. Ortner,
Department of Anthropology, from September 1, 1976, through August 31,
1977.
Steven L. Cox, Ph.D., Harvard University. Analysis of Dorset Eskimo archeo-
logical collections from Southampton and Walrus Islands, N.W.T., Canada,
with William W. Fitzhugh, Department of Anthropology, December 1, 1976,
through November 30, 1977.
Loretta Fowler, Ph.D., University of Illinois. Historical development of Arapa-
hoe political institutions, with John C. Ewers, Department of Anthropology,
September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Program in Astrophysics
John Huchra, Ph.D., California Institute of Technology. Near-infrared photo-
graphic survey of the palactic plane on the 48" Schmidt, complementary to
the Palomar Sky Survey; also a study of metal abundance in galaxies from
emission lines; a study of variability of Seyfert galaxies; and the extension of
theoretical models of galaxy evolution to systems with differing metal and
helium abundances, with George Field, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa-
tory, from September 20, 1976, through September 20, 1977.
330 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Charles Lada, Ph.D., Harvard University. Studies of interstellar cloud forma-
tion and star formation, with A. E. Lilley, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa-
tory, from July 1, 1976, through June 30, 1977.
Alan M. Levine, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research in
X-ray astronomy, with Riccardo Giacconi, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observa-
tory, from September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Mark J. Reid, Ph.D., California Institute of Technology. Studies in radio as-
tronomy, with George Field, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, from
September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Program in Earth Sciences
R. John Knight, Ph.D., McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. A sedimento-
logical and mineralogical study of selected basins of the Hellenic Trough in
the eastern Mediterranean Sea, with Daniel J. Stanley, Department of Paleo-
biology, from December 1, 1976, through November 30, 1977.
Program in Environmental Sciences
Jozef Grabowski, Ph.D., Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland. Structure and
function of phycobiliproteins and their natural complexes in the process of
photosynthesis, with Elisabeth Gantt, Radiation Biology Laboratory from July
1, 1976, through June 30, 1977.
David W. Hopkins, Smithsonian-Eppley Fellow, Ph.D., University of Califor-
nia, San Diego. Solar energy in the ultraviolet and blue spectral regions and
possible effects on plant growth and development caused by changes in en-
vironmental conditions, with William H. Klein, Radiation Biology Laboratory,
from August 1, 1976, through July 31, 1977.
Merten H. Jabben, Ph.D., University of Freiburg, Germany. The action of
phytochrome on the flowering response of wintex barley, with Gerald F.
Dietzer, Radiation Biology Laboratory, from May 24, 1976, through April 30,
1977.
Douglas W. Mock, Ph.D., University of Minnesota. Nocturnal adaptations in
neotropical night herons, with Eugene S. Morton, National Zoological Park,
from September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Galen B. Rathbun, Ph.D., University of Nairobi, Kenya. Studies of the terri-
torial and pair-bonding behaviors of captive Elephantulus rufesceus (Macro-
scelididae) and the significance of scent marking, with John F. Eisenberg,
National Zoological Park, from October 1, 1976, through September 30, 1977.
Rasanayagam Rudran, Ph.D., University of Maryland. The ecology and be-
havior of the red howler monkeys of Guatupo National Park in Venezuela,
with John F. Eisenberg, National Zoological Park, from May 1, 1976, through
April 30, 1977.
Stephen N. Turitzin, Ph.D., Stanford University. Foliage canopy architecture
and the efficiency of solar energy capture by a salt-marsh ecosystem, with
Bert G. Drake, Radiation Biology Laboratory, from November 15, 1976,
through November 14, 1977.
Program in Evolutionary and Systematic Biology
Gregory D. Bentz, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh. Postcranial adaptations in
the osteology and myology of hummingbirds, with Richard L. Zusi, Depart-
ment of Vertebrate Zoology, from September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Appendix 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 I 331
Robert S. Carney, Ph.D., Oregon State University. Distribution and syste-
matic affinities of Antarctic holothurians of the order Elasipoda Theel, with
David L. Pawson, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, from November 1,
1976, through October 31, 1977.
Russell W. Graham, Ph.D., University of Texas, Austin. Pleistocene mammals
of the Valsequillo fauna, Pueblo, Mexico, with Clayton E. Ray, Department of
Paleobiology, from September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Gerardo Lamas, Ph.D., University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Systematics and evolu-
tion of American Dismorphiinae, Danainae, and Ithomiinae, with William D.
Field, Department of Entomology, from July 1, 1976, through June 30, 1977.
Jan J. Roth, Ph.D., University of Colorado. The parietal eye, an evolutional
approach to thermoregulation, with Nicholas Hotton III, Department of Paleo-
biology, from October 1, 1976, through September 30, 1977.
Program in the History of Art
Rena N. Coen, Ph.D., University of Minnesota. Coleridge's Kubla Khan and
Cole's Voyage of Life, also Jacque-Louis David in the Wild West, with William
H. Truettner, National Collection of Fine Arts, from September 1, 1976,
through August 31, 1977.
Program in the History of Science and Technology
Joan Bromberg, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin. Impact of electrical technology
and laboratory techniques upon the concepts of electromagnetism, 1840-1940,
with Bernard S. Finn, Department of Science and Technology, from November
1, 1976, through October 31, 1977.
R. Douglas Hurt, Ph.D., Kansas State University. Agricultural technology and
farmer organizations on the Great Plains, with John T. Schlebecker, Depart-
ment of Industries, from June 15, 1976, through June 14, 1977.
Thomas F. Jaras, Ph.D., Georgetown University. Research on the impact of
transoceanic submarine telegraphy on society, with Bernard S. Finn, Depart-
ment of Science and Technology, from November 1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
Program in Tropical Biology
John D. Cubit, Ph.D., University of Oregon. The effects of grazing on succes-
sion in marine algae, with Peter W. Glynn, Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, from October 1, 1976, through September 30, 1977.
William E. Glanz, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley. Community ecol-
ogy of small mammals in Panama emphasizing arboreal species, with Nicholas
D. Smythe, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, from January 1, 1977,
through December 31, 1977.
David Janos, Ph.D., University of Michigan. The synecology of vesicular-
arbuscular mycorrhizae, with Dr. Nicholas Smythe, from January 1 to May
1977.
Douglas W. Schemske, Ph.D., University of Illinois. A coevolutionary analysis
of plant-animal interactions in the genus Costus (Zingiberaceae), with Robert
L. Dressier, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, from January 1, 1977,
through December 31, 1978.
332 / Smithsonian Year 1977
SMITHSONIAN PREDOCTORAL FELLOWS
Program in American and Cultural History
Hazel D. Garcia, Ph.D. candidate, University of Wisconsin. Communications
structure during the westward movement to Kentucky, 1769 to 1792, with Peter
Marzio and Carl Scheele, Department of Applied Arts, from August 1, 1976,
through July 31, 1977.
Hans L. Paeffgen, Ph.D. candidate, University of Michigan. The Berlin block-
ade and airlift — a study in Cold War diplomacy, with Forrest C. Pogue, Eisen-
hower Institute for Historical Research, from July 1, 1976, through June 30,
1977.
Steven J. Zeitlin, Ph.D. candidate, University of Pennsylvania. An analysis of
the content and structure of the family story in America, with Robert H.
Byington, Division of Performing Arts, from October 1, 1976 through Septem-
ber 30, 1977.
Program in Anthropology
Sara L. C. Bisel, Ph.D. candidate, University of Minnesota. The nutritional
status of a Greek Bronze Age population, with J. Lawrence Angel, Department
of Anthropology, from February 1, 1977, through September 30, 1977.
Miguel A. Pazos, University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Specialized training
in archeological conservation emphasizing conservation and preservation of
perishable archeological materials, with Clifford Evans, Jr., Department of
Anthropology, from May 15, 1976, through August 15, 1976.
Jerome Schaefer, Ph.D. candidate, University of Arizona. Archeological inves-
tigations of a late Roman community in the Negev, with Gus W. Van Beek,
Department of Anthropology, from September 1, 1976, through August 31,
1977.
Ann M. P. Shaw, Ph.D. candidate, Northwestern University. A study of short-
term population dynamics in the American Southwest, with Douglas H. Ube-
laker, Department of Anthropolgy, from August 1, 1976, through July 31, 1977.
Program in Astrophysics
Marc Aaronson, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Infrared observations
and stellar synthesis models of galaxies, with Giovanni Fazio, Smithsonian
Astrophysical Observatory, from September 1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
Scott E. Butler, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Charge exchange calcu-
lations, radiative and collisional processes, with Alexander Dalgarno, Smith-
sonian Astrophysical Observatory, from September 1, 1976, through May 31,
1977.
Eric D. Feigelson, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Research projects in
extra-galactic and high-energy astrophysics, with Riccardo Giaconni, Smith-
sonian Astrophysical Observatory, from September 1, 1976, through May 31,
1977.
Jules P. Halpern, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Imaging studies of soft
X-ray objects with Riccardo Giaconni, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
from September 1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
Sten Odenwald, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Comparative studies of
giant Cd galaxies which are radio quiet and strong radio sources, with George
Appendix 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 i 333
B. Field, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, from September 1, 1976,
through May 31, 1977.
Carleton R. Pennypacker, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Research on
galactic and extra-galactic objects which vary with speed in the infrared, with
Costas Papaliolios, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, from September
1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
Stephen C. Perrenod, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Evolution of hot
gas in clusters of galaxies, with George B. Field, Smithsonian Astrophysical
Observatory, from June 17, 1976, through December 17, 1976.
Ira M. Wasserman, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Studies in gravita-
tion theory and relativistic and high energy astrophysics, with George B. Field
and S. Weinberg, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, from June 1, 1976,
through August 31, 1976.
Program in Environmental Sciences
Peter V. August, Ph.D. candidate, Texas Tech University. Population ecology
of a tropical small-mammal community, with John F. Eisenberg, National Zoo-
logical Park, from June 15, 1976, through June 14, 1977.
Margaret A. O'Connell, Ph.D. candidate, Texas Tech University. Population
ecology of neotropical rodents, with John F. Eisenberg, National Zoological
Park, from June 15, 1976, through June 14, 1977.
Rebecca Gay Troth, Ph.D. candidate, University of Michigan. Field research
on the problem of community distribution and dynamics of Bombax ceiba and
its survival tactics, with Dan H. Nicolson, National Herbarium, from February
1, 1976, through January 31, 1977.
Program in Evolutionary and Systematic Biology
John B. Heppner, Ph.D. candidate, University of Florida. A revision of the
North American Glyphipterygidae, with W. Donald Duckworth, Department
of Entomology, from August 1, 1976, July 31, 1977.
Katherine M. Muzik, Ph.D. candidate, University of Miami. Systematics and
zoogeography of Indo-Pacific octocorals, with Frederick Bayer, Department of
Invertebrate Zoology, from June 1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
Alan H. Savitsky, Ph.D. candidate, University of Kansas. The intergeneric
relationships of xenodontine snakes, with George R. Zug, Department of Ver-
tebrate Zoology, from July 1, 1976, through June 30, 1977.
David E. Schindel, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Intrapopulational
variability during changing environments — a case study of Pennsylvania gas-
tropoda of the United States, with Ellis L. Yochelson, Department of Paleo-
biology, from February 15, 1976, through February 14, 1977.
John Utley, Ph.D. candidate, Duke University. Systematic studies of Theco-
phylloid Vriesea species (Bromeliaceae), with Lyman B. Smith, Department of
Botany, from January 1, 1977, through December 31, 1977.
Program in the History of Art
L. Bruce Darling, Ph.D. candidate, University of Michigan. Development of
Kumano Mandara paintings, especially the Kumano Miya Mandara, with
Harold P. Stern, Freer Gallery of Art, from November 1, 1976, through April
30, 1977.
334 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mitchell D. Kahan, Ph.D. candidate, City University of New York. Subjective
trends in American art in the 1930s, surrealism and magic realism, with Lois
M. Fink, National Collection of Fine Arts and Cynthia J. McCabe, Hirshhorn
Museum and Sculpture Garden, from November 1, 1976, through October 31,
1977.
Marc E. Krug, Ph.D. candidate, University of Chicago. A social realist vision
of the Great Depression, with Joshua C. Taylor, National Collection of Fine
Arts, from September 1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
Melinda A. Lorenz, Ph.D. candidate, University of California, Santa Barbara.
DeStijl theory and its relationship with American geometric abstraction, 1930-
1950, with Lois M. Fink, National Collection of Fine Arts and Cynthia J.
McCabe, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, from February 1, 1977,
through September 30, 1977.
Miranda McClintic, Ph.D. candidate, New York University Institute of Fine
Arts. Paintings of twentieth-century sculptor David Smith, with Joshua C.
Taylor, National Collection of Fine Arts, from May 1, 1976, through April 30,
1977.
Harold B. Nelson, Jr., Ph.D. candidate, State University of New York, Bing-
hamton. The image of the self and the other in the paintings and drawings of
Romaine Brooks, with Adelyn Breeskin, National Collection of Fine Arts, from
October 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Patrick L. Stewart, Jr., Ph.D. candidate, University of Delaware. Precisionism
— avant-garde and tradition in American art, 1915-1935, with Charles W.
Millard III, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, from September 1,
1976, through July 31, 1977.
Gilbert T. Vincent, Ph.D. candidate, University of Delaware. Artistic percep-
tions of eighteenth-century America from 1870 to 1920, with Lois M. Fink,
National Collection of Fine Arts, from September 1, 1976, through August 31,
1977.
Barbara A. B. Wolanin, Ph.D. candidate, University of Wisconsin. Arthur B.
Carles, 1882-1952, Philadelphia colorist, with Inez Garson, Hirshhorn Museum
and Sculpture Garden, from May 1, 1976, through October 31, 1977.
Program in the History of Science and Technology
David A. Hounshell, Ph.D. candidate, University of Delaware. The "American
System" of manufacturing, 1850-1930, with Robert C. Post, Office of the
Director of the Museum of History and Technology, from October 1, 1976,
through September 30, 1977.
Allan A. Needell, Ph.D. candidate, Yale University. Max Planck's contribution
to the quantum theory, 1910-1917, with Paul Hanle, National Air and Space
Museum, from September 1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
John W. Servos, Ph.D. candidate, Johns Hopkins University. Kahlenberg and
Noyes, an axis for development of physical chemistry in the United States,
with Jon B. Eklund, Department of Science and Technology, from September
1, 1976, through August 31, 1977.
Program in Tropical Biology
Charlotte Gyllenhaal-Davis, Ph.D. candidate, University of Chicago. The effect
of diversity of agricultural plant communities on the rate of loss of nutrients
Appendix 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 I 335
from the ecosystem in slash-and-burn agriculture, with Dr. Olga Linares. July 1,
1976 to June 30, 1977.
Steven G. Hoffman, Ph.D. candidate, University of California at Santa Bar-
bara. The sociobiology of two tropical reef fishes, with D. Ross Robertson,
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, from February 1, 1977, through
January 31, 1978.
Harilaos A. Lessios, Ph.D. candidate, Yale University. Evolutionary divergence
of shallow-water sea urchins of the two coasts of Panama, with Roberta
Rubinoff, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, from April 1, 1976, through
March 31, 1977.
John Pickering, Ph.D. candidate, Harvard University. Reproductive strategies
of the wasp, Polistes canadensis, with Donald Windsor, Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute, from June 1, 1976, through May 31, 1977.
VISITING RESEARCH STUDENTS
Program in American and Cultural History
Devon Miller, Yale University. An examination of the subject matter of the
Harry T. Peters "America on Stone" collection of lithographs, 1830-1870, with
Rodris Roth, Department of Cultural History.
Robert Rydell, University of California, Los Angeles. America's international
expositions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries — racial under-
pinnings of Utopian artifacts, with Herman Viola, Department of Anthro-
pology, and Wilcomb Washburn, Office of American Studies.
Deborah Schaefer, Texas Tech University. The history of taste as seen in the
costume of political figures, with Margaret Klapthor, Department of National
and Military History.
Program in Anthropology
Joseph Porter, University of Texas. Captain John G. Bourke, 1846-1896, and
his role in the development of the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Ameri-
can Folklore Society, and the role of government in late nineteenth-century
American science, with John Ewers, Department of Anthropology.
Program in Environmental Sciences
Pamela Clark, Clemson University. Mathematical modeling of biological pro-
cesses, specifically concerning data collected on carbon dioxide exchange of
vegetation as dependent upon light intensity, with Bert Drake, Radiation
Biology Laboratory.
Kerry Malson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Research
on the development of techniques which will determine pasture forage pro-
duction and utilization by exotic hoofstock, with Christen Wemmer, National
Zoological Park's Conservation and Research Center.
Jeanne Roush, University of Oklahoma. Primate studies — social organization
among the great apes, with Devra Kleiman, National Zoological Park.
Program in Evolutionary and Systematic Biology
Bruce Beehler, Princton University. Compilation and analysis of data on alti-
tudinal distribution of New Guinea forest birds, with George E. Watson,
Department of Vertebrate Zoology.
336 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Ralph Chapman, University of Rochester. An examination of character dis-
placement in Cambrian ptychopariid trilobites, with Richard Grant, Depart-
ment of Paleobiology.
Yenbutra Songsakdi, Chulalonghorn University, Thailand. Curatorial and sys-
tematic studies of museum mammal collections, with Richard W. Thorington,
Jr., Department of Vertebrate Zoology.
Program in the History of Art
Diane Robbins, University of Michigan. Edith Halpert and the Downtown
Gallery, with Garnett McCoy, Archives of American Art, and Judith Zilczer,
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.
Program in the History of Science and Technology
Robert Block, University of California, Los Angeles. William John McGee,
1853-1912, a geographical analysis of an interdisciplinary scientist, with James
Glenn and Herman Viola, Department of Anthropology.
Eda Fowlks, University of Minnesota. Study of auxiliary steam engine and
locomotive devices and suspension bridges, with John White, Department of
Science and Technology.
William Pretzer, Northern Illinois University. Technology and work culture in
nineteenth-century American printing, with Elizabeth Harris, Department of
Applied Arts.
Marc Stern, State University of New York, Stony Brook. The potters of Tren-
ton, 1850-1890, with Susan Myers, Department of Cultural History.
Program in Tropical Biology
Susan Farabaugh, University of Maryland. Sources of selection on pair com-
munication behavior of Thryothorus wrens in Panama, with Neal Smith,
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN INTERNS
Malcolm Daniel, Trinity College, Hartford. Research projects in the Education
Department and general study of museum procedures, with Edward P. Law-
son, Department of Education.
Deborah Fenton, Stanford University. Participation in museum activities in
the educational and curatorial departments, with Edward P. Lawson, Depart-
ment of Education.
Beatrice Kernan, Trinity College, Hartford. Research and curatorial work in
the painting and sculpture departments, with Edward P. Lawson, Department
of Education.
David Penney, New York University. Research and study in the educational
and curatorial departments, with Edward P. Lawson, Department of Education.
Kimerly Rorschach, Brandeis University. Research and general study projects
in the Education Department, with Edward P. Lawson, Department of Edu-
cation.
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS INTERNS
Lewis Kachur, Columbia University. Research for cataloguing modern graphics
and paintings from the recent Woodward Foundation gift, with Lois M. Fink,
Office of Research and Professional Training.
Appendix 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 I 337
Jan Lendman, University of Buffalo. Work on post-tour booklet for elementary
school teachers who have led groups touring the Museum, with Peter Berming-
ham and Margery Gordon, Office of Education.
Kim Sichel, Brown University. Work with exhibitions staff installing summer
shows at the National Collection and at the Renwick Gallery, with David
Keeler, Office of Exhibition and Design.
VISITING UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Victoria Page, Northern Virginia Community College. Sorting and identifying
marine nematodes, with W. Duane Hope, Department of Invertebrate Zoology.
Debra Ann Rudik, Gallaudet College. Research and instruction in archival
studies, with Richard Lytle, Smithsonian Archives.
Jil Swearingen, Northern Virginia Community College. Preparing leaf speci-
mens by leaf-clearing process, research on leaf families, and study of leaf
architectural features, with Leo Hickey, Department of Paleobiology.
SMITHSONIAN VISITING SCHOLAR
Mahdokht Javidpour, Belgrade University, Yugoslavia. Study of Gastropoda,
with Norman F. Sohl and Ellis Yochelson, Department of Paleobiology, from
November 15, 1976, through January 15, 1977.
SMITHSONIAN MUSEUM INTERN
Tjako Singleton Mpulubusi, National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone,
Botswana. Cataloguing ethnographic material; conserving and repairing eth-
nographic material; registration; storage; exhibition techniques including
photography, model-making, lighting, and preparation of labels using silk-
screen and lettraset, with William Fitzhugh, Department of Anthropology, and
Eugene Behlen, Department of Exhibits, from April 1, 1976, through March 31,
1977.
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK PROFESSIONAL INTERN
Suzanne Kennedy, Michigan State University. Intern in exotic animal medicine,
with Dr. Mitchell Bush, Office of Animal Health, from June 1, 1976, through
September 1, 1977.
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS MUSEUM FELLOW
Virginia F. Butera, Johns Hopkins University. Research and study of the dif-
ferent aspects and functions of the various departments at the National Col-
lection of Fine Arts, with Patricia Chieffo, Office of Research and Profes-
sional Training, from September 1, 1976 through July 31, 1977.
MUSEUM STUDY STUDENTS
James S. Berkman, Harvard University. Research for the preparation of an-
notations for volume three of the Joseph Henry Papers, with Arthur Molella,
Assistant Editor, Joseph Henry Papers.
Bruce Craig, George Washington University. Assisting the Anthropology De-
partment Information Specialist answering letters and doing research on in-
quiries from the public, with Ruth Selig, Department of Anthropology.
Vicki Enerson, Carroll College. Study of all phases of graphic production
techniques and practices, with Joseph W. Saunders, Office of Exhibits Central.
338 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Richard H. Efthim, University of Massachusetts. Projects in collections man-
agement and specimen preparation, with Frederick Collier, Department of
Paleobiology.
Kenneth Fannelli, American University. Studies in cataloguing, indexing, and
interpreting historical manuscripts relating to nineteenth-century American
science and culture, with Arthur P. Molella, Assistant Editor, Joseph Henry
Papers.
Josephine Ferrugia, University of Maryland. Research on the history of Rock
Creek Cemetery and the history of rural cemeteries, with James Goode, Cura-
tor, Smithsonian Institution Building.
Sarah L. Henderson, Lake Forest College. Study in museum registration tech-
niques; orientations in the fields of textile analysis, conservation of museum
objects, techniques of exhibit presentation; and research in the libraries and
the National Archives, with Donald Kloster, Department of National and
Military History.
Alison Herlihy, University of California, Berkeley. Research at Smithsonian
Libraries and at the Library of Congress for historical material to be used in
annotations for the Papers of Joseph Henry, with Marc Rothenberg, As-
sistant Editor, Joseph Henry Papers.
Stephanie Higgins, Scripps College. Work as house manager for the Puppet
Theatre and assistant house manager for the winter concert series and box-
office assistant for both, with B. C. May, Division of Performing Arts.
W. Joy Hughes, George Fox College. Studies to learn skills and procedures
needed to make the Division of Performing Arts function, with Suzanne
Roschwalb, Division of Performing Arts.
Nancy Kessler, Skidmore College. Assisting in the preparation of a major
museum exhibit, learning exhibits production techniques and practical ex-
hibits techniques, with Edith Mayo and Herbert Collins, Department of Na-
tional and Military History.
Peggy Levere, Wellesley College. Social and architectural research on various
public and private demolished buildings, with James Goode, Curator, Smith-
sonian Institution Building.
Julia McCoy, American University. Research relating to the cultural and
architectural history of prominent demolished Washington, D.C., buildings,
with James Goode, Curator, Smithsonian Institution Building.
James McNally, New York University. Researching, collating, and describing
the data sources that relate to the changes resulting from the Immigration
and Nationality Act of 1965, with Roy S. Bryce-Laporte, Research Institute
for Immigration and Ethnic Studies.
David Moin, State University of New York at Binghamton. Work with the
Smithsonian News Bureau, with Gerald Lipson, Office of Public Affairs.
Kimberly Morris, University of Pittsburgh. Work as assistant to fellows in
the Woodrow Wilson Center; participation in active functions of Office of
International Programs and Office of Seminars and Symposia, with Zadnek
David, Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars; Kennedy
Schmertz, Office of International Programs; and Wilton Dillon, Office of
Seminars and Symposia.
Brenda Ray, Emma Willard School. Conservation and restoration of South-
west American Indian pottery collection and also a fit study of tibia from
bison antiquus from a Colorado site, with Jane Norman and Dennis Stanford,
Department of Anthropology.
Appendix 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 1 339
Christine Reese, University of Pennsylvania. Research assistant for the de-
velopment of the Roots of Civilization Hall at the Museum of Natural His-
tory, with Robert K. Evans, Department of Exhibits.
Sue Rudo, American University. Research on the cultural and architectural
history of prominent buildings in Washington, D.C. which have been demol-
ished, with James Goode, Curator, Smithsonian Institution Building.
Jane Saginaw, University of California, Berkeley. Assisting with the survey
of collections and selection of specimens and with the development of exhibit
planning and script writing for the Old World Archaeology exhibit, with
Robert K. Evans, Office of Exhibits.
Gary Smith, The Lindenwood Colleges. Study to gain practical experience in
marionette theatre production including manipulating the marionettes, light-
ing, sound, construction, setting up budget, initial financing, advertising, and
booking, with Phyllis Nierendorf, Nicolo Marionette Company, Division of
Performing Arts.
Kathleen Spudis, University of North Carolina. Study in museum registra-
tion techniques, conservation of museum objects, techniques of exhibit pres-
entation, and research in the libraries and in the National Archives, with
Donald Kloster, Department of National and Military History.
Lisa A. Wagner, University of Massachusetts. Research on African weapons
from Belgian Congo in order to identify them, with Gordon Gibson, Depart-
ment of Anthropology.
Larisa Wanserski, Northwestern University. Assisting in ongoing aspects of
publicity and promotion of programs sponsored by the Division of Performing
Arts, including press release and program note composition, writing copy for
newsletter, and general assistance, with Suzanne Roschwalb, Division of Per-
forming Arts.
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK MANAGEMENT,
HEALTH AND RESEARCH STUDENTS
Animal Health
Mark Goldstein, Cornell University
Jay Gould, Cornell University
Eileen Hathaway, University of Pennsylvania
Lynn Kramer, Ohio State University
Animal Collection Management
Thomas E. Keefer, University of Texas
Zoo Education, Exhibits and Graphics
Diana Kwong, Scripps College
Pathology
Richard H. Bruner, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Tessa Bunnag, George Washington University
Glenn Crystal, George Washington University
David J. Donofrio, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Michael Gross, George Washington University
340 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Margaret Mitchell, Washington Technical Institute
Elizabeth Neely, Blue Ridge Community College
Leopoldo Paasch, George Washington University
Page Perry, National Cancer Institute
John M. Fletcher, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Robin Townsend, George Washington University
Robert C. Trucksa, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Wildlife Conservation
Joel Bradburne, Warren County High School
Chantel Cohen, Goddard College
Louanne DiPalma, Patterson College
Kerry Malson, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Susan Merritt, Mount Holyoke College
Andrea Smith, Patterson College
Zoological Research
Charles Brady, Ohio University
R. Penn Chu, University of Maryland
Todd Davis, George Washington University
A. Lang Elliott, University of Maryland
Susan Farabaugh, University of Maryland
Rebecca Field, Johns Hopkins University
Kenneth Green, Johns Hopkins University
Bruce Groff, University of Maryland
Robert Hoage, University of Pittsburgh
William Principe, New Mexico State
Steve Ralph, University of Washington
Elizabeth Scheibel, Mount Holyoke College
Christine Schonewald, University of Maryland
Susan Wilson, Free University
Paul Woodward, University of Maryland
CHESAPEAKE BAY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
WORK/LEARN STUDENTS
Douglas Allchin, Bucknell University. Upland Plant Ecology, Dr. Dennis
Whighan.
Robert Baker, University of Maine. Outdoor Environmental Education
Curriculum Development, Dr. John Falk.
David Nash Collier, University of North Carolina. Estuarine Molluscan
Fauna, Mr. Robert Cory.
Mark Jansen, University of California, Santa Cruz. Chemistry of Air-Water
Interface, Dr. David L. Correll.
Jeannine Koshear (2 terms), University of California, Santa Cruz. Structure
and Function of Communities of Terrestrial Vertebrates and Anthropods,
Dr. James Lynch.
Bruce Louks, University of California at Davis. Estuarine Microbiology,
Sharon Maves (3 terms), University of California at Berkely. Outdoor
Environmental Education Curriculum Development, Dr. John Falk.
Appendix 7. Academic Appointments in Fiscal Year 1977 I 341
Jim Mills, Earlham College. Structure and Function of Terrestrial Animal
Communities, Dr. James Lynch.
Douglas Reece, University of Missouri at Columbia. Structure and Function
of Terrestrial Animal Communities, Dr. James Lynch.
Patricia Valentine (2 terms), Barnard College. Psychological Effects of Out-
door Experiences, Dr. John Balling.
Mark Whiting, Utah State University. Attached Diatom Communities on
Higher Aquatic Vascular Plants, Dr. Maria Faust.
SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
SHORT-TERM FELLOWSHIPS IN TROPICAL BIOLOGY
The Edward John Noble Foundation
Mark Bertness, University of Maryland
William Cade, University of Texas
Phyllis Coley, University of Chicago
Holly Downing, Smith College
Hugh Drummond, University of Tennessee
Christina Dubov, San Francisco State University
Herbert Kaufman, John Hopkins University
Harilaos Lessios, Yale University
Marcia Litte, Cornell University
Deedra McClearn, Harvard University
Nicholas Volkman, State University of New York
Kentwood Wells, Cornell University
EXXON Corporation
Tania Beliz, Universidad de Panama
Cesar Benalcazar, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Fabiola Silva, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Patricia Chacon, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Milton Clark, Universidad de Panama
Vielka Quintero, Universidad de Panama
Rafael Rivera, Universidad de Panama
Ibero Sarmiento, Universidad de Panama
Juan del Rosario, Universidad de Panama
Henry B. and Grace Doherty Foundation
Eric Fischer, University of California, Berkeley
Peter Pressley, University of British Columbia, Canada
Ronald Thresher, University of Miami
342 / Smithsonian Year 1977
APPENDIX 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution
In Fiscal Year 1977
As a trust instrumentality of the United States, the Smithsonian Institu-
tion has received federal support since it was established in 1846 to carry
out the terms of James Smithson's will. Appropriated funds have long
provided important additions to the trust funds, donated by Smithson and
subsequent benefactors, to enable the Institution to carry out its respon-
sibilities for research and exhibition of the national collections and main-
tenance of the valuable objects and records of science, history, and culture
entrusted to the Institution.
The Smithsonian's basic trust funds have provided the Institution with
the element of flexibility and independence essential to its creative, inno-
vative growth. Trust funds traditionally have made possible many of the
research, acquisition, and educational programs which are central to the
Smithsonian's present resources and achievements.
The Smithsonian is extremely grateful to the foundations, corporations,
and individuals listed below for their gifts and bequests and contributing
memberships in the Smithsonian Associates.
GIFTS AND BEQUESTS TO THE SMITHSONIAN
$100,000 or more:
Anonymous S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation
Foundation
$10,000 or more:
American Commercial Barge Line Dr. and Mrs. Herbert E. Hawkes
Company Mrs. James Stewart Hooker
Anonymous Janet A. Hooker Charitable Trust
The Arcadia Foundation International Council for
Ashland Oil, Inc. Bird Preservation
The Brown Foundation Estate of Grover Loening
Mrs. Helen W. Buckner Mr. Richard Manoogian
CBS Foundation, Inc. The Charles E. Merrill Trust
Peter C. Cornell Trust Milliken Foundation
Crowley Maritime Corporation Mobil Oil Corporation
Doubleday & Company, Inc. National Geographic Society
The Eppley Foundation for Research New York State Council on the Arts
EXXON Corporation Edward John Noble Foundation
Max C. Fleischmann Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Rinzler
The Ford Foundation Mr. and Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 343
$10,000 or more — continued
Rockefeller Brothers Fund
The Rockefeller Foundation
The Ruth and Vernon Taylor
Foundation
The Tinker Foundation Incorporated
The Tobacco Institute, Inc.
Union Mechling Corporation
Dr. and Mrs. Jeremy P. Waletzky
DeWitt Wallace Fund, Inc.
Mr. Thomas J. Watson, Jr.
The Weatherhead Foundation
Matilda R. Wilson Fund
World Wildlife Fund
$2,000 or more:
Miss Janice M. Aime
Amax Foundation, Inc.
American Can Company
American Institute of Marine
Underwriters
American Ornithologists Union
American Society of Interior Design
Educational Foundation
Amos Press, Incorporated
Anonymous
Mrs. Evelyn F. Bartlett
The Bass Foundation
Bath Iron Works Corporation
Mrs. Patricia D. Beck
Mr. David P. Becker
Mrs. Betty L. Bergman
Edith C. Blum Foundation
Book of the Month Club
Mrs. John L. Bradley
Burlington Industries Foundation
Butterick Fashion Marketing Company
Canal Barge Company, Inc.
Cargo Carriers, Incorporated
Chevron Chemical Company
CIBA-GEIGY Corporation
Classical America
Colt Industries Charitable
Foundation, Inc.
Copernicus Society of America
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Corroon
Mr. and Mrs. Ron Dante
Mr. and Mrs. F. Arnold Daum
Diamond Shamrock Corporation
Mr. David Dibner
Dillingham Corporation
Dixie Carriers, Inc.
The Henry L. and Grace Doherty
Charitable Foundation, Inc.
Dow Chemical U.S.A.
The Charles Engelhard Foundation
Mrs. Sarah G. Epstein
EXXON Company, U.S.A.
Mrs. Gertrude Helen Fay
Finlay Department
Benson &. Edith Ford Fund
Eleanor Clay Ford Fund
Mr. S. S. Forrest, Jr.
Sumner Gerard Foundation
Dr. Gordon Gibson
Gladders Barge Line, Inc.
Evan Gebhard Gourgaud Foundation
Mr. Charles A. Greenfield
The Griffis Foundation, Inc.
Mr. R. Philip Hanes, Jr.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Mr. Louis W. Hill, Jr.
Mr. George W. Hilton
The Hoffman-LaRoche Foundation
Mrs. Everett T. House
Ingram Barge Company
Interdisciplinary Communication
Associates, Inc.
The Island Foundation
Mrs. Ronald D. Jeancon
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert H. Kinney
Coe-Kerr Gallery, Inc.
Samuel H. Kress Foundation
The Lauder Foundation
Mr. Howard Lipman
S. C. Loveland Co., Inc.
The Magowan Family Foundation, Inc.
Mrs. Robert A. Magowan
The Marriott Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. William Marsteller
Brooks and Hope B. McCormick
Foundation
McDonald's Corporation
McGregor Fund
Dr. and Mrs. A. Melamed
Mr. Paul Mellon
Michigan Council for the Arts
The Midgard Foundation
Mrs. Margaret Carnegie Miller
Morey Machinery, Inc.
344 / Smithsonian Year 1977
$1,000 or more — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas B. Morgan
The National Needlework Association
The Ohio River Company
The Ohrstrom Foundation
Peretz Fund of the Combined
Jewish Philanthropies of
Greater Boston, Inc.
Ellis L. Phillips Foundation
The Pioneer Foundation
Polaroid Foundation, Inc.
The Quaker Oats Company
Rachelwood Foundation
Ralston Purina Trust Fund
Mr. David Rockefeller
Mr. John D. Rockefeller
Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller
Arthur Ross Foundation
Schering Corporation
Mrs. Gertrude Schweitzer
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Miss Elsie Shaver
Mr. Sidney Singer, Jr.
Steelcase, Inc.
Miss Elizabeth Stein
Steinway & Sons
St. Joe Minerals Corporation
The Florence Louchheim Stol
Foundation
The Stroh Brewery Company
Stroheim & Romann
Mr. John S. Thacher
The Valley Line Company
Mr. Richard W. Weatherhead
The Ellen Bayard Weedon Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Lewis A. Weeks
Wenner-Gren Foundation
Weyerhaeuser Company
The Wyeth Endowment for
American Art
$500 or more:
American Philosophical Society
Anonymous
Mr. Henry Arnhold
Mr. and Mrs. Stuart B. Avery
Mr. Barry Bingham, Sr.
Mr. Stephen Brickel
Dr. G. Arthur Cooper
Corning Glass Works Foundation
Mr. G. G. Cornwell
Mrs. Priscilla Cunningham
Mrs. Rita M. Cushman
Joseph C. Domino, Inc.
General Electric Company
GF Business Equipment, Inc.
Mrs. Carol Guyer
Estate of Lazaar Henkin
Miss Ruth L. Hewitt
Mrs. Amy E. Higgins
Miss Milka Iconomoff
IU International
The JDR 3rd Fund
Estate of Charles A. Lindbergh
Mr. Donald B. Marron
Mr. and Mrs. John Mayer
Mrs. Margaret D. McKee
Mrs. Constance L. Mellen
National Audubon Society
Mr. David L. Pearson
Mr. Sidney N. Shure
United States Postal Service
Upper Mississippi Towing Corporation
Mrs. Edward P. Williams
Miss Mary Knowles Wisner
We also gratefully acknowledege other contributions in excess of
$100,000 received from approximately 1,100 contributors in 1977.
SMITHSONIAN ASSOCIATES • CONTRIBUTING MEMBERS
The Contributing Members of the Smithsonian National Associates sup-
port the Institution's work through annual contributions of $50, $100,
and $500. In the past year the contributing membership doubled from
885 to 1,616 and maintained a renewal rate of 85 percent.
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 345
The James Smithson Society was created in 1977 to encourage and
recognize major gifts to the Smithsonian Institution. This Society, which
is the highest order of the Contributing Membership in the Smithsonian
Associates, is comprised of two membership categories. Annual members
are individuals who make unrestricted contributions of $1,000 to $24,999
annually. Life Members are those who give $25,000 or more either in
monetary gifts or additions to the collections.
The Smithsonian Institution gratefully acknowledges the generous sup-
port of the James Smithson Society Charter members, 1977 Life members,
and the Contributing Members of the Smithsonian Associates.
JAMES SMITHSON SOCIETY
Life Members
GOLD MEDALISTS
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald M. Best
Mr. and Mrs. Leigh B. Block
Mr. Thomas M. Evans
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Hirshhorn
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Logan
SILVER MEDALISTS
Mr. and Mrs. Louis Kaufman
BRONZE MEDALISTS
Mr. Duncan L. Edwards
Mr. and Mrs. Don C. Harrold
Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kainen
Mr. and Mrs. Edmund C. Monell
Judge and Mrs. G. Burton Pearson
Mr. and Mrs. John Paul Remensynder
Dr. and Mrs. Hans Syz
Mr. Barry Yampol
Dr. David Landau
Mr. and Mrs. Abraham Rattner
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Rinzler
Mr. and Mrs. Morton Silverman
Annual Members ($1,000 and above)
Mr. and Mrs. William 5. Anderson
The Honorable and Mrs.
Walter H. Annenberg
Mrs. Evelyn Bartlett
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Hood Bassett
Mr. Henry C. Beck, Jr.
Mrs. Henry C. Beck, Jr.
The Honorable and Mrs.
Ralph E. Becker
Mrs. Harry Payne Bingham
Mr. and Mrs. A. Smith Bowman
Mr. and Mrs. Delong Bowman
Mr. and Mrs. John Adams Bross
Mr. Keith S. Brown
Mrs. Keith S. Brown
The Honorable and Mrs.
Philip W. Buchen
Major General and Mrs.
Daniel J. Campbell
Mr. and Mrs. George P. Caulkins, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Home Charles
Mr. and Mrs. Walker L. Cisler
Mr. and Mrs. Richard P. Cooley
Mr. Marshall B. Coyne
Miss Louise Crane
Mr. Kenneth M. Crosby
Mr. Joseph F. Cullman III
Mr. and Mrs. Leo Daly III
Mr. and Mrs. Justin Dart
Mrs. Kathryn W. Donaldson
Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Donnell II
Mr. and Mrs. Gaylord Donnelley
Mr. John T. Dorrance, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Morton Downey
Mrs. Dorothy D. Eweson
The Honorable John Clifford Folger
Mrs. John Clifford Folger
Mr. and Mrs. Alfred C. Glassell, Jr.
346 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Annual Members — continued
Mr. Jerome L. Greene
Mr. John Bradley Greene
Mrs. John Bradley Greene
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert C. Greenway
Mr. and Mrs. William H. Greer, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. Armand Hammer
Mr. and Mrs. William L. Hanley
Mrs. W. Averell Harriman
John and Lucia Heard
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Herring
The Honorable and Mrs.
Frank N. Ikard
Mr. and Mrs. George H. Jacobus
Mr. and Mrs. George Frederick
Jewett, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. H. Warren Kampf
The Honorable and Mrs. W. John
Kenney
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Hart Kinney
The Honorable and Mrs. Philip M.
Klutznick
Mr. and Mrs. Harold F. Linder
Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Magowan
Mr. and Mrs. Leonard H. Marks
The Honorable and Mrs.
William McChesney Martin, Jr.
The Honorable and Mrs. George C.
McGhee
The Honorable and Mrs. Robert M.
McKinney
Mr. and Mrs. Henry S. McNeil
Dr. and Mrs. Ruben F. Mettler
Mrs. Clifford Michel
Mr. and Mrs. John D. Murchison
Dr. Josephine L. Murray
The Honorable and Mrs.
Paul H. Nitze
Mr. Ricard R. Ohrstrom
The Honorable and Mrs. Daniel
Parker
The Honorable and Mrs. Jefferson
Patterson
Mr. and Mrs. George S. Pillsbury
Mr. and Mrs. Louis F. Polk
The Honorable Frederick W. Richmond
Dina Merrill Robertson
Mr. John J. Robertson
Dr. and Mrs. Milton L. Rock
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Salomon
Mr. and Mrs. B. Francis Saul II
Miss Ottilie Schillig
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A. Seeligson, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. James H. Semans
Mr. and Mrs. William M. Siegel
Mr. David G. Skinner
Mr. and Mrs. C. Grove Smith
The Honorable and Mrs. Gerard C.
Smith
Mrs. Edith C. Steinbright
Miss Marilyn L. Steinbright
Mrs. Gardiner Symonds
Mr. Franz G. Talley
Mrs. Franz G. Talley
Mr. and Mrs. Vernon F. Taylor, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. George E. Tener
The Honorable and Mrs. Clark W.
Thompson
Mr. and Mrs. Wynant Davis
Vanderpool
Mr. and Mrs. C. Woods Vest, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Watson, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Welles
Mr. and Mrs. Brayton Wilbur, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Morton H. Wilner
Mr. James O. Wright
His Excellency Ardeshir Zahedi
SUSTAINING MEMBERS ($500 and above)
Mr. George H. C. Arrowsmith
Mr. Richard Lee Birchler
Mr. Alfred P. Brooks
Ms. Frances Sells Doss
Mr. Atwater Kent
Mr. F. M. Kirby
J. A. MacDonald Foundation
Mr. Leroy W. Mink
Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Minutillo
Mr. and Mrs. Mandell J. Ourisman
Ms. Deborah L. Perry
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Roberts
Mr. and Mrs. Page W. Smith
Mr. Marshall Steele
Mrs. Arthur H. Sulzberger
Miss Cecile G. Timolat
Mrs. Noam D. Zelman
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 347
DONOR MEMBERS ($100 and above)
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley N. Allan
Mr. Woodley Allen
Mrs. Elizabeth G. Amory
Mr. and Mrs. David R. Anderson
Mr. and Mrs. E. B. Anderson
Mr. Emmett D. Anderson
Mr. Joseph R. Anderson
Mr. Myron Anderson
Mr. and Mrs. R. 5. Antes
Mr. John D. Archbold
Mr. Fred C. Babcock
Mr. and Mrs. Morton W. Bachrach
Mr. Alan Baer
Mr. and Mrs. Smith Bagley
Mr. John E. Baker
Mr. Warren Baker
Lieutenant General and Mrs.
Earl W. Barnes
Mr. and Mrs. Charles L. Bartlett
Mr. and Mrs. John Bartlett
Ms. Lucille Bass
Mr. and Mrs. J. Pat Beaird
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Beck
Colonel and Mrs. George C. Berger
Mr. and Mrs. John H. Bernard
Mr. and Mrs. Seymour Bernett
Mr. and Mrs. Steven Bershader
Dr. and Mrs. E. A. Bestard
Mr. H. Harold Bishop
Mr. and Mrs. Donald Eric Black
The Honorable and Mrs. Robert O.
Blake
Mr. and Mrs. D. H. Blumberg
Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Bogan
Mr. and Mrs. Mel H. Bolster
Ms. Joan V. Bonk
Mr. and Mrs. F. Borowsky
Mr. and Mrs. John Boyd
Mr. Maxwell Brace
Miss Eugenie Rowe Bradford
Mr. and Mrs. Glenn M. Branch
Mr. J. Bruce Bredin
Dr. and Mrs. S. B. Brinkley
Mr. F. Carroll Brown
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick B. Bryant
Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Buhler
The Honorable and Mrs.
William A. M. Burden
Mr. and Mrs. I. Townsend
Burden III
Mrs. Jackson Burke
Mrs. Julia T. Burlen
Mr. and Mrs. Harry W. Burns
Dr. and Mrs. J. A. Burwell
Mr. Marion B. Busch
Mr. E. T. Byram
Mr. and Mrs. James M. Byrne
Dr. and Mrs. Charles M. Cabaniss
Dr. G. W. Cage
Mrs. Eleanor Rixson Cannon
Dr. Francis Caponegro, Jr.
Mr. William I. Cargo
Mr. and Mrs. Leo A. Carten
The Honorable and Mrs. Henry E.
Catto, Jr.
Ms. Priscilla M. Christy
Mr. Blake Clark
Mr. and Mrs. Jerald L. Clark
Captain and Mrs. Richard Cobb
Mr. and Mrs. Douglas W. Coffey
Colonel and Mrs. Russell C. Coile
Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Colon
Dr. George W. Conner
Mr. Leonardo Contardo
Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Corbet
Ms. Patricia d w Counts
Mr. and Mrs. David M. Crabtree
Mr. Stephen F. Crum
Mr. and Mrs. Alan M. Dachs
Mr. and Mrs. Keith Davis
Ms. Caroline de Weinberg
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. Dean
Mr. and Mrs. David R. Dear
Mr. Hal P. Demuth
Dr. and Mrs. Lewis Hilliard Dennis
General Jacob L. Devers
Mr. and Mrs. John Doherty
Mr. George Arntzen Doole
Mr. Alden Lowell Doud
Dr. Joseph S. Drage
Mr. Wilson A. Draughon
Mrs. Helen Jean Arthur Dunn
Mr. Lawrence A. Ehrhart
Mr. George M. Elsey
Ms. Ann E. Erdman
Mr. and Mrs. John G. Esswein
Mr. and Mrs. James G. Evans, Jr.
Colonel and Mrs. J. J. Felmley
The Honorable William H. Fitzgerald
Mr. Julius Fleischman
Mr. Robert W. Fleming
Mr. and Mrs. M. K. Fleschner
Mr. David Fogelson
The Honorable and Mrs. Edward Foley
Mr. Richard E. Ford
Mr. Earl M. Foreman
Miss Helen E. Forshier
Ms. Perry J. Frank
348 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Donor Members — continued
Mrs. J. E. A. Freeman
Mrs. Rowland G. Freeman
Mr. M. C. Freudenberg
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur H. Fribourg
Mr. William C. Frogale
Mr. and Mrs. Geoffrey S. Fuller
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur W. Gardner
Mr. T. Jack Gary, Jr.
Mr. Barry K. Gibson
Mr. and Mrs. T. K. Glennan
Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. Goldberg
Colonel and Mrs. Julius Goldstein
Mrs. Adolph Gottlieb
Mrs. Bette C. Graham
Mrs. Katharine Graham
Mr. Lloyd Graham
Captain and Mrs. C. A. Grandjean
Dr. Sheila H. Gray
Mr. and Mrs. John H. Groth
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth M. Grubb
Mr. Joseph Guilietti, Jr.
Mr. John F. Gunnell
Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Guttag
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Haas
Mr. John L. Hafenrichter
Mr. and Mrs. Ernest V. Hallberg, Jr.
Ms. Cynthia Hanby
Mr. Gordon Hanes
Ms. Morella R. Hansen
Mrs. Philip A. Hart
Mr. Thomas Hays
Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Healy III
Ms. Judith B. Heimann
Ms. Alverne S. Hellenthal
Mr. Ralph D. Helwig
Mr. Jeffrey L. Hendry
Ms. Genevieve Henning
Ms. Nona G. Herndon
Mr. George S. Heyer, Jr.
Mr. Robert A. Hicks
Mr. Alan R. Hill
Dr. J. D. Hills
Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Hinton
Mr. and Mrs. L. Hoffman
Mr. E. Robert Hofsas
Mr. and Mrs. John B. Holden
Mr. William E. Horn
Mr. Arthur A. Houghton, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Hughes
Mr. R. Bruce Hunter
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Hunter
Mr. Claude D. Hurd
Mr. and Mrs. F. Irving Hutchings
Mrs. S. T. Inglish
Dr. Glenn James
Mr. J. Ruskin Jelks, Jr.
Mr. David B. Jenkins
Mr. James L. Johnson
Colonel and Mrs. F. M. Johnson, Jr.
Ms. Anne Kaufman
Mr. Daniel C. Kaye
Mr. Peter M. Kehoe
Mrs. George C. Keiser
Mr. Stephen D. Kelly
Mr. Harris L. Kempner
Mr. Walter H. Kidd
Mr. Charles T. Kindsvatter
Dr. Harold King
Dr. H. Kingsberry
Mr. Edgar P. Kirsopp
Mr. and Mrs. J. K. Knee
Mr. Michael J. Koliss
Mr. Laurence E. Korwin
Mr. Barton Krawetz
Mr. and Mrs. A. Scheffer Lang
Mr. and Mrs. Anthony A. Lapham
Dr. and Mrs. K. C. Latven
Mr. Robert F. Law
Ms. Candie C. W. Lee
Mr. Edward L. Lembitz
The Honorable and Mrs.
Edward H. Levi
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Levine
Dr. C. P. Lewis, Jr.
Mrs. Katherine H. Lloyd
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Loewenstern, Jr
Mr. and Mrs. James P. Londergan, Jr
Mr. Benjamin H. Long
Mrs. John E. Long
Mrs. Edward Macauley
Mr. Anthony J. Maciorowski
Mrs. J. Noel Macy
Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. Mahlke
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mannes
Mr. and Mrs. Larry B. Marton
Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Maxwell
Mr. Michael E. Mazer
Mr. and Mrs. Terence McAuliffe
Mr. Donald L. McCathran
Mr. and Mrs. Lacy McClain
Dr. and Mrs. John J. McGrath
Mr. John S. Mclnnes
Mr. Robert P. McKibbon, Jr.
Mr. J. Frank Melcher
Mr. Harold E. Mertz
Mr. and Mrs. Alfred A. Michaud
Mr. and Mrs. John Miklas, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Gordon K. Milestone
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 349
Donor Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. E. Kirkbride Miller
Mr. and Mrs. Walter C. Miller
Dr. Raymond Mize, Jr.
Mr. Cardie N. Mooers
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Cotton Moore
Mr. and Mrs. J. Edward Moore
Mr. Charles W. Morris
Mr. and Mrs. Carl J. Mulert, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Muncy
Mr. G. R. Munger
Mr. John F. Murphy
Mr. and Mrs. Edmund L. Murray
Dr. Henry A. Murray
Mrs. Albert T. Murri
Mr. and Mrs. Bruce H. Nelson
Dr. and Mrs. Dwight W. Newman
Mr. and Mrs. Edmund L. Nichols
Mr. Thomas 5. Nichols
Mrs. John Nuveen
Mr. Robert O'Brien
Mr. and Mrs. Howard F. O'Neil
Mr. and Mrs. Guyon P. Pancer
Miss Ruth Uppercu Paul
Mr. Harry A. Paynter
Mr. and Mrs. C. Wesley Peebles, Jr.
Mr. Louis Peller
Mr. William C. Penick
Mr. James P. Perry
Mr. Melvin G. Perry
Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Petrie
Mrs. Charles Emory Phillips
Ms. Rae H. Pickrel
Mr. J. Pierce
Mr. and Mrs. Dwight J. Porter
Mrs. S. Prentice Porter
Ms. Dorothy B. Preslar
Mr. Charles P. Price
Mr. Douglas S. Price
Dr. and Mrs. Jerold Principato
Mrs. Dow Puckett
Mr. Cyrus J. Quinn
Dr. and Mrs. Ernest G. Rafey
Mr. William Rausch
Mr. and Mrs. Michael M. Rea
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene L. Reagan
Mr. Vaughan J. Rees
Dr. Michael J. Reilly
Mr. Don Rhodes
Mr. and Mrs. Charles W. Richards
Mr. and Mrs. Warren Richards
Mr. James H. Ripley
Ms. Jane F. Roberts
Mrs. David Roberts III
Mr. Walter P. Robinson, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel J. Rosenfeld
Dr. and Mrs. John W. Rouse, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Alan K. Rubin
Dr. Maryon W. Ruchelman
Mr. and Mrs. Roy R. Russo
Mr. Henry Sabatell
Dr. and Mrs. Abner Sachs
Mr. and Mrs. David Sapadin
Mr. and Mrs. Morton Schomer
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Schroffel
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick P. Schubert
Mr. Lloyd E. Schuster
Mr. James G. Schwade
Mr. James L. Scott
Ms. Marjorie H. Scribner
Miss Carolynne Seeman
Mr. James G. Shakman
Mr. Peter L. Sheldon
Mr. and Mrs. George Sherman
Mrs. James Sinkler
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Sivard
Mr. Nelson Slater
Mr. Sanford Slavin
Mr. and Mrs. Raymond L. Smart
Mr. and Mrs. Dean Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence P. Snipper
Dr. Marian A. Solomon
Mr. Gary Staples
Dr. and Mrs. T. Dale Stewart
Mr. Louis Stifter
Mrs. Marjorie Taylor Striker
Commander Edward J. Sullivan
Dr. Philip B. Sullivan
Mr. David A. Sutherlund
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Sweeney
Ms. Martha Frick Symington
Ms. May Day Taylor
Ms. Linda Teixeira
The Treuhaft Foundation
Mr. John E. Toole
Mr. and Mrs. George Toner
Mr. and Mrs. David G. Townsend
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen A. Trentman
The Truland Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Tull
Mr. James M. Tully
Mr. D. L. Turley
Mr. David S. Turner
United Steelworkers of America
Dr. and Mrs. Philip Varner
Dr. and Mrs. Jeremy P. Waletzky
Ms. Barbara R. Walsh
Lieutenant Colonel Ronald A. Walton
350 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Donor Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Ray Watkins
Mr. Arnold Watson
Ms. Theresa C. O'Hara Watson
The Honorable James E. Webb
Mr. and Mrs. William Weber
Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Wechsler
Mrs. Mary Nan West
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Westreich
Mrs. Edwin M. Wheeler
Mr. and Mrs. Peter C. White
Mr. and Mrs. Grover C. White, Jr.
Mr. James L. Whitehead
Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Widmann
Mr. Crocker Wight
Mrs. Vivian Wildman
Mr. W. T. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. James A. Williamson, Jr.
Mrs. Mark Winkler
Dr. and Mrs. Allan Y. Wolins
Mr. David W. Wood
Mr. Clifford R. Wordell
Mr. and Mrs. Herman Wouk
Mr. C. L. Wright
Mr. and Mrs. Nelson Wurz
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel E. Zimmerman
SUPPORTING MEMBERS ($50 and above)
Mr. and Mrs. Leonard L. Abel
Mrs. Ann Duncan Adams
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Adams
Mr. Robert R. Aitken
Mr. W. W. Alexander
Dr. and Mrs. R. Eric Alving
Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Amidon, Jr.
Mr. John Amig
Mr. Carl G. Anderson
Mr. James G. Andrews
Miss Rose C. Anthony
Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Antrim
Mr. and Mrs. John J. Arcuri
Mr. Norman T. Ares
Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Arkin
Mr. Earl A. Armbrust
Mr. Jon H. Arneson
Mr. Joseph S. Asin
Mr. Ronald L. Auble
Mr. John W. Auchincloss
Mrs. Evelyn A. Azarchi
Mr. William P. Babione
Mr. Norman G. Bach
Dr. B. Bacharach
Mr. Geoffrey B. Baker
Mr. Michael D. Baker
Mr. Robert Quincy Baker III
Mr. Kirk M. Balcom
Mr. and Mrs. Richard F. Ball
Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Barnes
Dr. H. David Barton
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Barton, Jr.
Mr. James Bateman
The Honorable and Mrs. Lucius D.
Battle
Ms. Winifred H. Bauer
Miss Virginia Bay
Mr. and Mrs. Martin E. Bayol
Mr. Charles F. Becker
Mrs. D. R. Beggs
Mr. Norman D. Belecki
Mr. and Mrs. Frederic J. Bell
Mr. and Mrs. John Bell
Mr. Thomas Bellinger
Mrs. Brenda C. Bennett
Dr. Jeffrey Berenberg
Ms. Carol J. Berg
Mr. Richard G. Berger
Ms. L. Bergland
Mr. Samuel W. Bernheimer
Dr. and Mrs. James E. Bernstein
Mr. John O. Bertelli
Dr. Richard S. Beverly
Mr. William G. Beyer
Mr. J. B. Bickenbach
Mr. Joel Binenfeld
Dr. and Mrs. James F. Bing
Mr. and Mrs. F. Douglas Birdzell
Mr. John A. Bishop
Ms. Sharon Bishop
Mrs. Sallie W. Bishton
Ms. Jill S. Bixler
Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Blackledge
Mrs. Anthony F. Blanks
Mr. A. E. Blevins
Mr. Frank Bliss, Jr.
Mr. Donn W. Block
Admiral and Mrs. Robert H. Blout
Mrs. Irma Kline Blumenreich
Mr. David A. Bodner
Mr. Robert F. Bodroghy
Mr. and Mrs. August Boesche
Mr. and Mrs. Victor L. Bonat
The Honorable and Mrs. Philip Bonsai
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 351
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. Horace Booth
Mr. Frederick W. Boots
Mr. Arthur S. Borara
Ms. Barbara L. Borchardt
Mr. Vincent B. Boris
Ms. Frances B. Bowen
Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Bowles
Mr. John F. Boyd
Colonel and Mrs. John R. Boyd
Mr. John J. Boyd, Jr.
Dr. P. H. Boyer
Ms. Evelyn W. Bradshaw
Mr. Raymond A. Brady
Mr. Edward L. Brady II
Mr. and Mrs. De Witt Bragan
Dr. William L. Brannon, Jr.
Dr. James C. Bray
Mr. Gerald Brenner
Mr. and Mrs. Terence R. Brewer
Mr. Harvey K. Brock
Mrs. George H. Brodie
Dr. Michael Brody
Mr. Edward T. Brooks
Mr. Charles 5. Brown
Mr. and Mrs. Harold D. Brown
Mr. J. James Brown
Mr. James A. Brown
Mrs. Marjorie K. Brown
Dr. and Mrs. S. Weldon Brown
Mr. William F. Brown
Mr. Herbert S. Brownstein
Mr. Donald J. Bruckmann
Mr. and Mrs. Percival F. Brundage
Mr. W. B. Bryant
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene J. Buehler
Mr. and Mrs. George G. Bull
Mr. Edward P. Bullock
Mr. and Mrs. James M. Burger
Mr. and Mrs. Carl B. Burkard
Mr. R. K. Burkhart
Mr. and Mrs. Donald Burklew
Mrs. Clara May Burns
Mr. Richard Scott Burow
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Bush
Mr. John J. Byrne
Mr. Paul T. Calderwood
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Calhoun
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Callahan
Mr. and Mrs. Gregory M. Cambi
Mr. and Mrs. B. Cameron, Jr.
Mr. Richard Caminiti
Mr. Richard C. Campany, Jr.
Mr. William D. Campbell
Mr. Lawrence E. Cantrell, Jr.
Dr. Cesar B. Carabuena
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carey
Mr. Henry A. Carey, Jr.
Mrs. B. L. Carlin
Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Carlisle, Jr.
Mr. Charles G. Carlyle
Mr. and Mrs. Woolsey Carmalt
Mr. Harvey Carmel
Ms. Ruth W. Carney
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth S. Carpenter
Mr. Philip L. Carret
Mr. Kenneth J. Carroll
Mr. and Mrs. Douglas H. Carter
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Casey
Mr. William B. Cassin
Mr. and Mrs. Louis J. Castaldi
Mr. and Mrs. Edmund L. Castillo
Mr. Sabastino J. Castro
Mr. and Mrs. Kevin J. Catt
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Chackin
Mr. and Mrs. James G. Chandler
Mr. Paige L. Chandler
Mr. Joel Chaseman
Mrs. Harold W. Cheel
Mr. and Mrs. Magnus E. Chelstad
Mr. K. Dexter Cheney
Mr. and Mrs. Timothy W. Childs
Ms. Gabrielle Choy
Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Christie
Mr. and Mrs. Page B. Clagett
Mr. Ludwig R. Claps
Mr. H. Lawrence Clark
Dr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Clark
Mrs. Eleanor J. Clausner
Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Clifford, Jr.
Mr. Lawrence W. Cobb
Mr. Richard E. Cobb
Colonel and Mrs. Eugene R. Cocke
Mrs. B. A. Cody
Mr. Hayward C. Coe
Dr. and Mrs. David G. Cogan
Mr. and Mrs. L. H. Cohan
Mr. and Mrs. Aaron J. Cohen
Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Cohen
Mr. Bertram M. Cohen
Mr. and Mrs. Ed Cohen
Mr. Robert N. Cohen
Mr. Ronald M. Cohen
Commander and Mrs. Gerald L. Cole
Mr. and Mrs. George C. Collett
Ms. Anne T. Collins
Mrs. J. F. Colwill
Mr. Robert M. Comly
Colonel J. M. Compton
352 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Supporting Members — continued
Mrs. Ethel Conlisk
Mr. and Mrs. James R. Connell
Mr. George A. Cook
Ms. Margaret Cook
Mr. C. M. Cooke, Jr.
Mr. Thomas G. Corcoran, Jr.
Mrs. Mildred S. Corrigan
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph J. Coselli
Mr. and Mrs. Donald N. Coupard
Mr. and Mrs. Howard V. Covell
Mr. and Mrs. Ronald A. Cowan
Mrs. Logan O. Cowgill
Mr. C. W. Cox
Mr. John Howell Cox
Miss Mary L. Cox
Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Cox
Mrs. W. C. Cox
Ms. Patricia E. Coyle
Mr. Jesse L. Crabbs
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Creal
Mr. and Mrs. 5. F. Creane
Mr. Glenn R. Crocker
Mr. F. L. Cromwell
Ms. Linda F. Crouse
Ms. Linda Cooper Crow
Ms. Judith C. Croxton
Mr. George A. Crump
Mr. and Mrs. William B. Culver
Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Cunningham
Mr. and Mrs. R. D. Cuthbertson
Mrs. Chester Dale
Mr. and Mrs. John H. Dalton
Ms. Winifred B. Dana
Mr. Ernest B. Dane
Captain and Mrs. R. L. Daniels
Mr. Herbert I. Dann, Jr.
Dr. F. Danziger
Colonel Joseph J. Darlak, M.D.
Mr. and Mrs. F. Elwood Davis
Drs. Nancy W. and William E. Davis
Ms. Olivia Davis
Mr. and Mrs. Raymond T. Davis
Mr. Robert J. Davis
Dr. Walter T. Davison
Mrs. Alva A. Dawson
Ms. Donna A. de Corleto
Mr. Hampton M. de Jarnette
Mr. George B. de Lano
Mr. Silvester de Thomasis
Mr. Alan L. Dean
Mr. Albert L. Dean, Jr.
Ms. Marie B. Debacker
Ms. Cassandra H. Deck
Major General Oren E. Dehaven
Mr. and Mrs. Wayne Richard Delaney
Captain and Mrs. Victor Delano
Mr. Howard Dellon
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Deming
Mr. Vinel E. Dent
Mr. Eugene A. Derr
Mr. E. P. di Giannantonio
Miss Patricia Anne Dick
Captain and Mrs. Paul F. Dickens
Mr. and Mrs. Lowell Dightman
Ms. Mary C. Dillingham
Dr. Henry Dillon
Mr. R. Samuel Dillon, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. John Dimick
Mr. and Mrs. Allen T. Dittmann
Mr. and Mrs. J. Douglas Diven
Mrs. Alfa D. Dodge
Mr. Austin F. Dohrman, Jr.
Ms. Elizabeth Donahue
Mrs. Maren L. Donohue
Mr. David G. Donovan
Ms. Sharon Kay Dooley
Mr. Arthur F. Dorr
Mr. James A. Dorsch
Mr. David M. Dorsen
Mr. Monroe D. Dowling
Mr. John P. Doyle
Mrs. James A. Drennan
Major General Hans H. Driessnack
Mr. and Mrs. Bruce Drill
Ms. Collette M. Drobel
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Dubin
Major and Mrs. Jules Dubois, Jr.
Mr. A. P. Dumas, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Walter W. Duncan
Miss Marjorie H. Dunham
Mr. and Mrs. H. Stewart Dunn
Lieutenant Colonel and Mrs. John J.
Durant
Dr. Edgar Durbin, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Vernon James Dwyer
Dr. Elizabeth M. Earley
Mr. and Mrs. Lynn R. Eastridge
Brigadier General and Mrs. Richard J.
Eaton
Mr. Robert Eberman
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore M. Edison
Mr. Clarence W. Edminster
Mr. William W. Edmunds
Mr. Bert T. Edwards
Mr. Chester R. Edwards
Dr. Richard W. Efron
Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Egan
Mr. George G. Eggleston
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution i 353
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Ehrlich
Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Eichholz
Mr. Edward L. Eisenstein
Mr. Roger W. Eisinger, Sr.
Mrs. Leila Eley
Mr. Stuart Elfman
Miss Lynette F. Eltinge
Mr. J. C. Mason Emde
Mrs. J. T. Emery
Mr. and Mrs. Pleasanton H. Ennis
Mrs. Lionel C. Epstein
Mr. R. O. Erickson
Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Ertman
Mr. and Mrs. Karl Eurenius
Mr. Timothy Evans
Mr. Henri Eyl
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Fabricant
Mr. Jim P. Farrell
Mr. James E. Fearn
Mr. Bruce F. Fein
Mr. and Mrs. Irving Feist
Mr. John F. Felter
Mrs. Guido C. Fenzi
Mr. Joseph C. V. Ferrusi
Mr. Roy Feuchter
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas D. Finney, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. S. Greenhoot Fischer
Mr. and Mrs. Joel H. Fisher
Mr. Kenneth P. Fisher
Ms. Maureen Fisher
Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Fitzgerald
Dr. and Mrs. A. L. Fjordbotten
Mr. Lewis I. Flacks
Mr. and Mrs. M. F. Flaherty
Ms. Sally A. Flanik
Mr. Edwin F. Fleischman
Mrs. Julius Fleischmann
Mr. Nicholas T. Fleischmann
Mr. and Mrs. Martin Fleit
Mr. and Mrs. Jerry L. Fletcher
Mr. David Porter Fogle
Mr. Albert A. Folop
Mrs. Gunilla L. Foster
Mr. John H. Foster
Ms. Caroline R. Foulke
Mr. Joel Burr Fowler, II
Dr. and Mrs. Herman Frank
Mr. and Mrs. de Jongh Franklin
Mr. George J. Frazier, Jr.
Mr. Donald E. Frein
Colonel and Mrs. Clarence D. Fried
Mr. and Mrs. William F. Frye
Mr. and Mrs. Everett G. Fuller
Mr. and Mrs. H. N. Fullerton
Mr. Daniel L. Gaba
Mr. Anthony J. Gaetano, Jr.
Mr. H. B. Gambrell
Mr. Edward Gartman
Mrs. Virginia B. Garvey
Mr. William Gasperow
Ms. Rachel Gay
Mr. Robert E. Gayer
Miss Olga M. Gazda
Mr. Zachary Paul Geaneas
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Geller
Dr. K. L. Geoly
Ms. Amanda E. George
Ms. Nancy L. George
Mr. Rodney W. George
Mr. and Mrs. David Gevanthor
Mr. John Ghiardi
Ms. Frances A. Giacobbe
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth R. Giddens
Mr. Lincoln J. Gilbert
Mr. Robert S. Gillian, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. Roy S. Gillinson
Mrs. Bernard Gimbel
Mr. Melvin Gladstone
Mr. and Mrs. Lester E. Glass, Jr.
Mr. W. J. Godard
Mr. Royal T. Godden
Mr. John M. Goehner
Mr. Norris S. Goff
Mr. Robert N. Gold
Dr. and Mrs. Donald Goldberg
Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Goldman
Mrs. Ted R. Goldsmith
Mrs. Evelyn M. Goldstein
Ms. Gwendolyn Goldstein
Mr. Peter S. Goltra
Miss Elinor Goodspeed
Mr. Carroll A. Gordon
Ms. Fredericka Y. Gordon
Mr. and Mrs. William Goshorn
Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Gotwald
Ms. Kathryn R. Gover
Mr. G. Gowans
Mr. and Mrs. Moses J. Gozonsky
Ms. Eva Graham
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Graham
The David Graham Foundation
Mr. Theodore W. Grahlfs
Mr. William F. Graney
Mr. and Mrs. John Grattan
Dr. and Mrs. Frank D. Gray, Jr.
Mr. Thomas E. Greathouse
Colonel and Mrs. Thomas C. Green
Dr. and Mrs. Louis Greenberg
354 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Supporting Members — continued
Dr. and Mrs. James B. Gregory
Miss Jeanne Griest
Mr. J. Donald Griffin
Ms. Elisabeth Griffith
Mrs. Gloria W. Griffith
Mrs. Hubert L. Grigaut
Mr. Robert Groberg
Mr. and Mrs. David Grodsky
Dr. and Mrs. C. D. Groover
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Gruber
Dr. Grace H. Guin
Mr. and Mrs. Hans Gunzenhauser
Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. Haehnle
Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Hagemeyer
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Halpern
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore M. Hamady
Mr. Ira J. Hamburg
Mr. Courtnay C. Hamilton, Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. William F.
Hamilton, Jr.
Mrs. E. P. Hand
Mr. and Mrs. John J. Handiboe
Mr. and Mrs. Lee T. Hannah
Mr. and Mrs. William B.
Hannum, Jr.
Mrs. V. G. Hansen
Mr. and Mrs. John M. Harar
Mr. George D. Hardy
Mr. J. H. Harms
Mr. Ronald Harring
Dr. James C. Harris
Mr. Robert C. Harris
Mr. and Mrs. Ellen H. Harrison
Mr. and Mrs. Harry P. Hart
Mr. L. M. Hart
Mr. Peter M. Hart
Mr. and Mrs. John Harwell, Jr.
Colonel Lee C. Harwig, Jr.
Mr. Warren W. Hastings
Mr. George A. Hatzes, Jr.
Mr. Philip H. Hazelton
Mr. and Mrs. Vincent P. Healey
Ms. Mercedes Hearn
Mr. Joseph A. Heckman
Major Charles E. Heimach
Colonel and Mrs. Robert D.
Heinl, Jr.
Mr. Edward Heler
Dr. and Mrs. L. M. Hellman
Mr. Eric D. Henderson
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Hennage
Dr. Jane Ellen Henney
Mr. and Mrs. Timothy Henry
Dr. Walter L. Henry
Ms. Deborah D. Herb
Mr. and Mrs. G. F. Herkes
Mr. William H. Hernandez, Jr.
Mrs. Christian A. Herter
Dr. and Mrs. Donald Hesby
Mr. and Mrs. William B. Hewitt
Mr. Donald Hill
Mr. Charles H. Himman
Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Hinchcliff
Mr. William M. Hines
Mrs. J. H. Ward Hinkson
Mr. Joseph U. Hinshaw
Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Hitch
Mr. M. L. Hite
Lieutenant Colonel and Mrs. John G.
Hoaas
Mr. and Mrs. David S. Hoag
Mr. John G. Hoecker
Mr. Michael R. Hoffman
Mr. Charles Beecher Hogan
Ms. F. Lynn Holec
Mr. Henry E. Holley
Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Holroyd
Mrs. Charles D. Holt
Mr. Roger E. Holtman
Ms. Laura V. Holtz
Mr. Hume Horan
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Horning
Mr. James R. Howe
Mrs. Albert A. Hughes
Mr. and Mrs. David L. Hughes
Mr. and Mrs. Phillip S. Hughes
Mr. John L. Hughes-Caley
Mr. and Mrs. David R. Hull
Mrs. E. H. Hulsey
Mr. Vance Y. Hum
Mr. and Mrs. James D. Hurd
Mr. John Hutchinson
Mr. and Mrs. James M. Idema
Mr. William W. Idler
Ms. Janet R. Inscore
Mr. Harry Jackson
Ms. Sandra Jacobi
Mr. and Mrs. Ephraim Jacobs
Mr. Nicholas Jacobs
Mr. Harald W. Jacobson
Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence I. Jacobson
Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Jacoby
Mr. Joseph M. Jaron
Mr. William L. Jarrell
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Jenks
Mr. W. N. Jerson
Mr. and Mrs. David D. Johnson
Dr. Donald A. Johnson
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 355
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Edward N. Johnson
Mr. and Mrs. Irwin B. Johnson
Ms. Nancy H. Johnson
Mr. Robert E. Johnson
Miss Charlotte Jones
Mr. and Mrs. Wayne V. Jones
Mr. G. Quinton Jones, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. John B. Jones, Jr.
Mr. Mitchell F. Jones, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Michael Joseph
Mrs. Ann F. Joyce
Mr. and Mrs. Albert H. Jung
Mr. John M. Kalbermatten
Mr. and Mrs. Milton Kaplan
Dr. and Mrs. Arnold Kaplin
Mr. James B. Karickhoff
Mr. D. C. Kaufman
Ms. Ruthanne Kaufman
Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Kaye
Mr. and Mrs. Ira Kaye
Mr. E. J. Kazanowski
Ms. Catherine Kazmierczak
Mrs. James F. Keefer
Mr. and Mrs. Earl W. Keegan
Mr. S. Keeler
Mr. Thomas M. Keeling
Ms. Eleanor Kehoe
Mr. David L. Keir
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene A. Keller
Mr. Robert C. Keller, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Kellert
Mr. and Mrs. William Kenety
Ms. Anna Marie Kent
Judge and Mrs. Allen R. Kenyon
Mr. Andrew A. Kerhulas, Jr.
Mr. William R. Kerivan
Mr. John Kicak
Mr. T. J. Kimmel
Mr. Robert Y. Kimura
Mr. Gordon E. King
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph M.
Kerchheimer
Captain and Mrs. Alexander L.
Kivlen
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Klein
Mr. Kenneth W. Klein
Ms. Roswitha J. Klement
Mr. Lawrence G. Knecht
Mr. Wily W. Knighten
Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Knorr
Mr. John W. Knowles
Ms. Jean R. Knutsen
Mr. and Mrs. Allison J. Koberg
Mr. and Mrs. Rolph A. Kohler
Mr. and Mrs. Robert P. Kogod
Mr. David E. Koranek
Dr. and Mrs. M. C. Korengold
Mr. Larry Koziarz
Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Kraas
Mr. Michael Kraft
Mr. Albert Kramer
Mrs. Howard D. Kramer
Mr. and Mrs. R. L. Kranker
Ms. Nanette Krieger
Major and Mrs. A. N. Kropt
Miss S. Victoria Krusiewski
Mrs. George F. Kugler, Jr.
Mr. Raoul Kulberg
Mr. Stanley J. Kuliczkowski
Ms. Mary A. Kumpe
Colonel and Mrs. J. Scott Kurtz
Dr. and Mrs. Otto A. Kurz
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Kwalwasser
Mr. William P. la Plant, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Achille la Pointe
Ms. Ruth M. la Pointe
Ms. Benay la Rock
Mr. and Mrs. Erwin Lachman
Mr. Albert J. Laflam
Mrs. Kama Laird
Mr. Glenn G. Lamson, Jr.
Mr. John Lanchak
Mrs. Marilyn Lane
Mr. and Mrs. Felix J. Lapinski
Mr. Hugh Leroy Latham
Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. Law, Sr.
Mr. John T. Lawrence
Ms. Ella Jean Layman
Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Leahy, Jr.
Mr. Wilfred M. Leatherwood, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Richard M. Lederer, Jr.
Mr. James A. Lee
Mr. and Mrs. W. David Lee
Mr. Marion S. Leech
Colonel and Mrs. Jack L. Leggett
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley W. Legro
Mr. and Mrs. Stan Leibner
Ms. Jacqueline F. Leng
Mr. and Mrs. Curt Leonard
Ms. Ethelynne H. Leonard
Lieutenant Colonel Richard J. Leonard
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Lerner
Mr. and Mrs. Harald R. Leuba
Mr. Daniel W. Leubecker
Dr. and Mrs. Carl M. Leventhal
Mr. Robert Levine
Mr. Herman D. Levy
Mr. and Mrs. David A. Lewis
356 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Ernest E. Lewis
Mr. H. D. Lewis
Mr. Morgan Lewis
Mr. and Mrs. Martin Lichtenstein
Mr. Raymond Lieberman
Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Liebhardt
Mr. Frank W. Lindenberger
Mr. Frank S. Linder
Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Lindgren
Dr. and Mrs. D. A. Lindquist
Mrs. Jean C. Lindsey
Miss Jane T. Lingo
Mr. R. Robert Linowes
Mr. and Mrs. Sol M. Linowitz
Mr. William Liss
Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. List
Dr. Kathleen E. Lloyd
Dr. P. Loe
Mr. and Mrs. Jerome T. Loeb
Ms. Ursula G. Lohmann
Dr. Sonja Loncarec
Mr. Tom H. W. Loomis
Mr. Duarte A. Lopes
Mr. Arnold Lorbeer
Mr. John G. Lorenz
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Loube
Dr. Ira S. Lourie
Mr. Richard G. Loutsch
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Low
Mr. William Lowenthal
Mr. Harry Lunn
Dr. and Mrs. Joseph W. Luquire
Mr. Norman W. Lutkefedder
Ms. Margaret R. Lynch
Mrs. Elizabeth MacMillan
Mr. Herbert C. Macey
Mr. and Mrs. James L. Mack
Mr. T. Macklin, Jr.
Ms. Mary R. MacMartin
Mr. J. Robert MacNaughton
Mr. Rex A. Maddox
Mrs. James T. Magee
Captain Ronald L. Magee
Mrs. Isabel C. Mahaffie
Dr. and Mrs. Robert A. Mainzer
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Mallchok
Dr. and Mrs. Richard F. Manegold
Mr. Robert W. Mann
Mr. E. Manuel Manning
Mr. and Mrs. D. Manns
Major and Mrs. George S.
Mansfield
Mr. and Mrs. H. Tyler Marcy
Mr. John W. Margosian
Mrs. R. A. Marmet
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew W. Marshall
Mr. Barton A. Marshall
Mr. Richard Heeman Marshall
Mrs. Elizabeth Martin
Mrs. William Marvel
Miss Priscilla Mason
Mrs. Barbara F. Masur
Mr. P. H. Mathews
Dr. and Mrs. A. B. Mauger
Ms. Freda J. Mauldin
Dr. and Mrs. Charles E. May
Dr. and Mrs. Francis Mayle, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Mazza
Mr. and Mrs. Norman H. McCabe
Mr. Thomas L. McCamley
Mr. and Mrs. Martin E. McCavitt
Mrs. Betty McComsey
Colonel Stephen McCormick
Mr. John P. McCullough
Mr. Matthew B. McCullough
Mr. Allan R. McDonald
Mr. Charles Vincent McDonald
Dr. and Mrs. James P. McDonald
Mr. and Mrs. Grover R. McDowell
Mr. and Mrs. J. W. McEachen
Mr. and Mrs. Donn McGiehan
Mr. James P. McGranery, Jr.
Mr. Hugh F. McGrath
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth C. McGuiness
Mr. and Mrs. Philip L. McHugh
Dr. Richard J. Mcllroy
Mr. and Mrs. B. B. McKay
Mr. and Mrs. Richard R. McLauglin
Dr. and Mrs. R. R. McMeekin
Mr. Thomas M. McMurray
Mr. J. Jerome McNally
Dr. J. Malcolm McNeil
Ms. Betty M. McQueen
Ms. Emily M. McQueen
Mr. W. W. McWhinney
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert D. Mead
Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Medalie
Dr. Barbara A. Mella
Mrs. Dorothy B. Melville
Mrs. R. B. Menapace
Mr. and Mrs. Louis W. Mendonsa
Mr. and Mrs. Norman J. Merksame
Mrs. Ida C. Merriam
Mr. and Mrs. Harold W. Merritt
Mr. David Messent
Mr. and Mrs. L. Meyer
Ms. Marilyn Meyerhoff
Mr. Edwin Charles Michael
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 357
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. John D. Michael
Dr. David B. Michaels
Ms. Patricia Milford
Mr. and Mrs. Edward A. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. G. O. Miller
Mr. L. Allen Miller
Mr. Milo E. Miller
Mr. Warren G. Miller
Mr. M. H. Miller
Ms. Justine Milliken
Mr. Donn Minnium
Dr. and Mrs. John Minna
Dr. Emile R. Mohler, Jr.
Mr. Robert M. Molitor
Colonel and Mrs. Kenneth L. Moll
Mr. and Mrs. George D. Monk
Dr. Frederick Paul Montana
Mrs. E. P. Moore
Mr. James Moore
Mr. Leonard Moretz
Ms. Margaret Morgan
Mr. and Mrs. Warren R. Morrow
Mr. and Mrs. John Mudd
Mrs. Anita Mueller
Mr. and Mrs. Ted Mueller
Mr. Burnaby Munson
Mr. Robert C. Murdock
Mr. Patrick J. Murphy
Dr. Frank J. Murphy
Dr. and Mrs. Donald A. Myers
Mr. John Rodman Myers
Miss Lucile Myers
Mr. Peter B. Myers
Dr. and Mrs. Joel B. Nadler
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Nadolski
Ms. Alixa Naff
Mr. Robert Naugle
Mr. Thomas W. Nawn
Ms. Mary T. Nealon
Mr. and Mrs. Robert E. Newby
Mr. Leland J. Newell
Mr. and Mrs. William Newlin
Mr. Robert Newman
Mr. Gary Ray Newport
Mr. and Mrs. Fred J. Newton
Mr. Robert L. Nichols
Mr. Roger A. Nickles
Mrs. F. C. Noble
Major and Mrs. Gerald T. Nolan
Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Nordin
Mr. Giles R. Norrington
Mr. and Mrs. Jack R. Norwood
Mr. David P. Notley
Mr. and Mrs. Michael P. Novelli
Colonel C. K. Nulsen
The Honorable and Mrs.
Sam A. Nunn
Mr. and Mrs. Carey B. O'Conner
Ms. Patricia H. O'Connor
Mr. and Mrs. Paul T. O'Day
Mr. and Mrs. A. E. O'Donnel
Mr. Thomas O'Hare
Mr. and Mrs. Jerry O'Regan
Mr. Owen Oates
Colonel J. W. Oberg
Mrs. John B. Ogilvie
Mr. and Mrs. Graden E. Okes
Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Oliver
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth P. Olson
Mr. Robert C. Olson
Mr. Cyrus Omidyar
Mrs. Carolyn C. Onufrak
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas D. Orr
Mr. and Mrs. E. G. Osbourne
Mr. and Mrs. David Osnos
Mr. Allan W. Ostar
Mr. W. W. Owens
Mr. William T. Owens
Mr. George E. Paleologos
Dr. and Mrs. Michael N.
Papadopoulos
Commander Everett A. Parke
Mrs. Alice Mengel Parker
Mr. Charles M. Parker
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Parnell, Jr
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald H. Patrick
Mr. Jeffrey Ewen Patterson
Ms. Helen Ann Patton
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley J. Pawlowski
Mr. Charles W. Payne
Mr. Raymond Pearlstine
Mr. and Mrs. Harold A. Pedersen
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Walter Peltason
Mr. Clarence Pennington
Mr. William C. Pennington
Mr. George E. Perez
Mr. Thomas W. Perry, Jr.
Mr. Tucker W. Peterson
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph T. Philibert
Mrs. Joseph B. Philips
Captain and Mrs. Charles Phillips
Ms. Ruth Phillips
Mr. and Mrs. Adrien Picard
Mr. James H. Pickford
Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Pierce
Ms. Jeanette B. Pispek
Mr. Stanley B. Plotkin
Mr. and Mrs. Dexter S. Plumlee
358 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. Michael G. Pohlod
Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Polston
Mr. and Mrs. Leo Pompliano
Mr. Frank T. Pope, Jr.
Mr. Bernard L. Poppert
Mr. and Mrs. Rodman Porter
Mr. Paul J. Posner
Mr. John N. Postak
Mr. Paul E. Postelnek
Ms. Laura R. Potter
Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Povich
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Preston
Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Pribus
Mr. and Mrs. Reuben P. Prichard
Mr. R. W. Pritchard
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Probst
Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey A. Prussin
Ms. Inez L. Pulver
Dr. Regina A. Puryear
Mr. Daniel M. Radcliffe
Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Rankin
Dr. Carl L. Rasak
Dr. and Mrs. Walton A.
Rathbun, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Harold Ravner
Ms. Isabel M. Rea
Mr. and Mrs. John Grandin Reading
Mr. Jack Reams
Mr. and Mrs. J. Philip Reberger
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Rector
Mr. and Mrs. Thorburn Reid
Mr. Michael L. Restaine
Mr. F. F. Reynolds
Mr. and Mrs. Frank M. Reynolds
Mr. John Arthur Reynolds
Mrs. John B. Rhinelander
Mr. Joseph A. Rice
Mr. and Mrs. Michael A.
Richardson
Mr. and Mrs. William W.
Richardson
Ms. Brenda Lee Richter
Dr. Monira K. Rifaat
Mr. James R. Rivera
Mr. and Mrs. John H. Rixse, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell B. Roberts
Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Robertson
Mr. Paul Robindeaux
Dr. Max Robinowitz
Mr. Hamilton Robinson
Mr. Roy Antony Robson
Dr. and Mrs. S. David Rockoff
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Rollins
Mr. John J. Roome
Mr. William Rose III
Mr. Gerald A. Rosen
Mr. Marvin Rosenberg
Mr. Leon I. Rosenbluth
Mr. R. M. Rosenthal
Mr. and Mrs. Albert S. Roslyn
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Ross
Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Rossen
Mr. Robert J. Rovang
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas E. Rowland
Mr. Jim L. Russell
Mrs. John Barry Ryan
Mr. Herbert C. Ryding, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Hachemi Saada
Mr. and Mrs. Marvin P. Sadur
Ms. Mary L. Safrit
Dr. and Mrs. David L. Salmon
Mr. Stephen M. Salny
Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Salzman
Mr. Arthur R. Sando
Mr. and Mrs. Julius Sankin
Mrs. Joseph C. Satterthwaite
Mrs. Robert P. Sattler
Mr. and Mrs. B. Francis Saul II
Mr. and Mrs. Thorndike Saville
Mr. Michael F. Sawyer
Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Sayers
The Very Reverend and Mrs.
Francis B. Sayre
Ms. Catherine M. Scannell
Mr. Charles W. Schaffer
Mr. and Mrs. Radford Schantz
Mr. and Mrs. Paul J. Scheips
Mr. Ronald J. Schellhase
Mr. Robert J. Schemel
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Scheuer
Dr. Basil A. Schiff
Ms. Penelope Schleifer
Mrs. Anita Schlem
Mr. John C. Schleter
Mrs. Julian L. Schley
Ms. Antoinette B. Schmahl
Mr. Harvey B. Schneider
Ms. Judy L. Schneider
Mr. and Mrs. Harvin Schneiderman
Mr. Jacques J. Schoch
Mr. William E. Schremp
Miss Greta Schuessler
Dr. and Mrs. William J. Schultis
Mr. and Mrs. Leslie I. Schwartz
Mrs. Morton L. Schwartz
Major and Mrs. T. E. Schwartz
Mr. Tommy Schwartz
Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin K. Schwarz
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 359
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. C. W. Scott
Dr. Wayne Scott
Mr. Allen J. Seeber
Mr. and Mrs. Gene F. Seevers
Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd R. Seiling
Mr. and Mrs. Seymour Max Selig
Mr. Lee C. Seligman
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Sellers
Ms. Catherine H. Sells
Mr. Sol Seltzer
Mr. and Mrs. Edward E. Sergent
Mr. Sherman J. Sexton
Dr. Gordon T. Shahin
Dr. James J. Shanley
Mr. and Mrs. Willis H. Shapley
Mr. John F. Shaw
Dr. Robert L. Sherman
Mr. and Mrs. Wiliam W. Sherwin
Mr. William G. Shields
Mr. John D. Shilling
Mr. Rufus Shivers
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Shoub
Colonel B. S. Shute
Mr. and Mrs. Norman S. Siegel
Mr. Alexander W. Sierck
Ms. Ellen Vera Sigal
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Silberman
Dr. Henry K. Silberman
Dr. Frank Silver
Ms. Evelyn Silverglit
Mrs. John Farr Simmons
Mrs. Ellen Hanna Simmons
Mr. and Mrs. Richard K. Simmons
Mr. Robert M. Simmons
Mrs. Charles Simon
Mr. Matthew H. Simon
Mr. Stanley Simon
Dr. and Mrs. James D. Singletary
Lieutenant Colonel David T. Sites
Ms. Anne Smalet
Colonel and Mrs. C. Haskell Small
Mr. B. A. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Harold Smith
Mr. Hugh Stewart Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Joe Pitts Smith
Mrs. L. M. Smith
Mrs. Myron B. Smith
Dr. and Mrs. Scott M. Smith
Ms. Shirley A. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Timothy D. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. Larry Snodgrass
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Snyder
Mr. and Mrs. Saul Snyder
Mr. Robert W. Snyder II
Mrs. Robert A. Sonneborn
Mr. and Mrs. Hugh M. South
Mr. W. J. Spargo
Mr. Edward W. Spears
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Spiegelblatt
Mr. Gary W. Spokes
Mr. G. Sprague
Dr. Daniel L. Stabile
Mr. Richard W. Stafford
Mr. and Mrs. Julius Stanges
Mr. Ronald A. Stanley
Mrs. Edythe E. Stauffer
Mr. Stuart L. Strauss
Dr. Colby S. Stearns
Mr. William R. Stehle
Dr. Marjorie L. Stein
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Z. Steinway
Mr. and Mrs. Leo M. Stepanian
Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Stephens
Ms. Elizabeth M. Stern
Mr. Jeffery A. Stevens
Mr. Richard W. Stickell
Dr. Serena Stier
Mr. John S. Stiles, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Paul K. Stockmeyer
Mrs. Tegner Stokes
Mr. J. Jacques Stone
Dr. and Mrs. K. A. Strand
Mrs. Richard H. Stratton
Mrs. R. Strickhart
Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Stuart
Mr. and Mrs. A. Stutzer
Mr. and Mrs. Richard L. Sugarman
Ms. Elizabeth Sullam
Mr. Eugene T. Sullivan
Mr. Dwight Y. Sumida
Mr. Donn E. Summers
Lieutenant General and Mrs. Gordon
Sumner, Jr.
Mr. Charles A. Suter
Mr. David E. Suttle
Mr. Robert L. Swart, Jr.
Mr. W. M. Swatek
Dr. and Mrs. Edgar Sweren
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Swetlow
Mrs. Mary Davidson Swift
Mr. Richard O. Swim
Mr. Gerald L. Swope
Mr. Harry F. Swope III
Mr. and Mrs. James McK. Symington
Dr. I. R. Tabershaw
Mr. Worthington Heaton Talcott
Mr. and Mrs. Pier Talenti
360 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. James J. Tanner
Dr. Vincent A. Taraszkiewski
Mr. Curtis W. Tarr
Mrs. Benjamin E. Tate
Miss G. E. Tatting
Dr. Joel M. Taubin
Ms. Hilda Taylor
Mr. Julian M. Teal
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph H. Teller
Mr. Peter A. Ten Eyck
Mr. Joseph M. Tessmer
Mr. Alfred Thieme, Jr.
Ms. Linda R. Thompson
Mr. and Mrs. Brian Thompson
Ms. Mary Edith Thomson
Mr. D. S. Thome
Mrs. B. W. Thoron
Mr. George Tievsky
Mr. and Mrs. Gordon M. Tiger
Mr. and Mrs. Sylvan M. Tobin
Mrs. Stirling Tomkins
Mrs. Dorothy Townsend
Mr. Henry R. Traubitz
Mr. Thomas T. Traywick, Sr.
Mrs. S. Diane Treat
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Trigg III
Mr. Warren L. Tripp
Mr. and Mrs. Lynn A. Trobaugh
Mr. Jabes Glen Trott
Mr. and Mrs. A. Buel Trowbridge
Mr. S. C. Tupman
Mr. Walter A. Turchick
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Turkeltaub
Mr. John H. Turner
Mrs. A. G. Tuthill
Mr. George E. Tuttle
Mr. and Mrs. Paul E. Tychsen
Dr. Winston M. Ueno
Mrs. Judith Falk Unger
Mr. Anthony S. Vaivada
Lieutenant Egbert N. P. Van Es
Mr. Charles O. Van Horn
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Vanzant, Jr.
Commander and Mrs.
Joseph C. Vanzant
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore Vass
Ms. Emily W. Vaughn
Captain Robert E. Vaughn
Mr. John M. Veatch
Mr. John M. Venditti
Mr. Wallace W. Voigt
Mr. and Mrs. Elmer E. Wachter
Mr. and Mrs. John P. Wagner
Mr. and Mrs. Milo Waldes
Ms. Clara B. Walker
Mr. and Mrs. George E. Walker
Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence W. Walker
Mr. A. E. Wall
Mr. and Mrs. Jay R. Wallace
Mrs. Elizabeth D. Walsh
Mr. and Mrs. Richard F. Walsh
Dr. and Mrs. William T. Walter
Mr. James M. Walton
Mrs. Harry Wagner
Drs. Henry and Celia Ward
Mr. John S. Ward, Jr.
Mr. Lewis T. Waters
Ms. Susan C. Watkins
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph C. Watts
Colonel and Mrs. Louis V. Watwood
Mr. and Mrs. W. C. Weaver
Dr. Hamilton B. Webb
Ms. Beverly Weber
Mr. Fred Week
Mr. Larry A. Wehr
Mrs. Shelley M. Weicker
Mr. Norman Weiden
Mr. and Mrs. Frank A. Weil
Miss Ruth M. Weiland
Mr. J. K. Weinman
Mr. Edmund Wellington, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Oscar M. Wells
Dr. and Mrs. Douglas C. Wendt
Mrs. Beth Werner
Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Wertheimer
Mr. Otto R. Wessel
Mr. and Mrs. Larry E. Westphal
Mr. and Mrs. William B. Wharton
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald R. Wheaton
Mr. George Y. Wheeler
Mr. Thomas J. Whelan
Ms. Gloria Whipple
Mr. and Mrs. Ben White
Mr. and Mrs. Philip C. White
Mr. Reider J. White
Mrs. Robert K. White
Ms. Verna H. White
Mrs. Joseph M. Whitson
Mr. G. William Whyers
Mr. and Mrs. John E. Wickman
Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Wilbur
Mr. Julius Wile
Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Wiley
Major General and Mrs. H. L. Wilkers
Mrs. Richard E. Wilkie
Mr. J. Harvey Wilkinson
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Willard
Mr. and Mrs. Norman C. Willcox
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 361
Supporting Members — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Arnold
Clarke Williams
Mr. E. H. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. Paul J. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. E. I. Williams, Jr.
Colonel E. J. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Williamson
Mr. and Mrs. John K. Willis
Mr. and Mrs. Morton H. Wilner
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Foss Wilson
Mr. L. E. Wilson
Mr. and Mrs. Luke W. Wilson
Mr. and Mrs. Donald E. Wilson
Mr. Robert W. Wilson
Mrs. Milton Wilson, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Curtin Winsor, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Milton S. Winters
Mrs. Flora Jane Winton
Mr. and Mrs. Philip B. Wisman
Colonel Ralph M. Wismer
Mr. Russell R. Witherow
Ms. Miriam R. Witlin
Mr. Gilbert A. Wolf
Mr. Claude R. Wolfe
Mrs. Saralyn V. Wolff
Ms. Audrey J. Wolfinger
Mr. and Mrs. David B. Wood
Mr. David L. Wood
Mr. George E. Woodin
Mr. and Mrs. William Woodward
Mr. and Mrs. William Work
Mrs. Frank L. Wright
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth M. Wright
Mr. Walter Ray Wright
Mr. Christopher B. Wry, Jr.
Ms. Jane W. Wuchinch
Mrs. Leslie H. Wyman
Mr. and Mrs. Philip D. Yaney
Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Young
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick W. Young
Mr. Kenneth R. Youngert
Mr. N. P. Ytterday
Mr. Daniel H. Zafren
Mr. Peter Zagarella
Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence G. Zambotti
Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Zauner
Mr. Thomas G. Zee
Mrs. John H. Zentay
Mr. A. B. Zimmer
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Zinn
Dr. S. S. Zungoli
Mr. and Mrs. Gunter Zweig
FOREIGN STUDY TOUR PARTICIPANTS
Miss E. S. Abernethy
Mrs. Frances Allensworth
Mr. and Mrs. Wilfrid J. Amisial
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas D. Anderson
Mr. William L. Anderson
Mr. and Mrs. Mark Edwin Andrews
Miss Basile Anglin
Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Appel
Mr. Arthur R. Armstrong
Mrs. Michael Arpad
Mr. and Mrs. S. 5. Auchincloss
Miss Cheryle Ann Aurecchione
Mr. and Mrs. Paul L. Austin
Mrs. Donald A. Baillie
Mrs. N. Meyer Baker
Mr. and Mrs. Christopher C
Baldwin
Mrs. Paul F. Barham
Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Barnes, Jr.
Mr. Charles J. Barnes
Mrs. Genevieve Barth
Dr. Helen Batchelor
Mrs. D. Bronson Beeler
Mrs. Katherine H. Benedict
Mr. and Mrs. Merrill Berkley
Mr. and Mrs. J. Pierre Bernard
Mr. and Mrs. Walter S. Blair
Miss Frances Blank
Mr. and Mrs. Morris B. Blumberg
Mrs. Julian S. Boardman
Mrs. Dean E. Bowen
Miss Helen G. Boyajian
Miss Virginia I. Boy-ed
Miss Dorothea Bourne
Miss Helen Brandt
Mrs. J. Elliott Braucher
Mrs. Mary M. Brennan
Mrs. Nan Broeder
Mr. and Mrs. Leon Brown
Mr. William A. Bryson, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Donald P. Buchanan
Mrs. William E. Carey
Mrs. Charles W. Caldwell
Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Carrico
Ms. Mary Carson
Miss Linda L. Castiglioni
Ms. Anne M. Chute
Miss Irene W. Clark
Mrs. Travis H. Clark
Mr. Ludwig Claps
362 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Foreign Study Tour Participants — continued
Mr. and Mrs. Joe R. Cobern
Mr. and Mrs. Sydney M. Cone, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Valentine J. Connolly
Mrs. Lois Lorton Cook
Miss Mary Cooley
Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Coplan
Judge and Mrs. Leo W. Corkin
Mr. Perry Cott
Mr. Albert H. Cousins, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. B. W. Crain, Jr.
Mrs. Gus Cranz, Jr.
Mrs. Elizabeth P. Cressman
Mr. and Mrs. Richard W. Cutler
Mr. and Mrs. Krest Cyr
Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Dabney
Dr. and Mrs. Gilbert Dalldorf
Mrs. Ethel M. Danenhower
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Daniel
Dr. Helen E. Daniells
Mrs. Abraham W. Danish
Miss Susan Darling
Mrs. Robert Daugherty
Mrs. L. D. Dennis
Miss Celeste A. DeRosa
Mr. and Mrs. Laurence B. Dodds
Mrs. H. Whitney Dodge
Mrs. Kenneth M. Doty
Miss P. M. Douglas
Mrs. William G. Dreisbach
Mrs. J. Patrick Dunne
Miss Virginia M. Dusel
Mrs. Tom J. Eals
Mr. and Mrs. James S. Earley
Mr. and Mrs. Kent D. Eastin
Mr. and Mrs. Herman J. Eckrich, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. E. Donald Elliott
Mrs. Foster Ellis
Dr. Felice M. Emery
Miss Margaret Emery
Mr. and Mrs. Jackson P. English
Miss Pamela A. Eros
Dr. and Mrs. L. Whiting Farinholt, Jr.
Mrs. George Farkas
Mr. and Mrs. Earl Farmer
Miss Sarah M. Ferguson
Mr. F. Irwin Finch
Ms. Louise Russell Finnoff
Mrs. Florence M. K. Fischer
Mr. and Mrs. Russel H. Fowler
Dr. and Mrs. J. Robert Fox
Miss Karen Fox
Mr. and Mrs. Eli Frank, Jr.
Mrs. Andrew A. Fraser
Mrs. Mary Kraft Frey
Dr. and Mrs. Julian H. Frieden
Mrs. Lorraine Gallagher Freimann
Mrs. Frederick F. Fuessenich
Mrs. Helen Gates
Mrs. Dorothy Gardner
Miss Mary C. Ginkiewicz
Mr. and Mrs. W. Shuler Ginn
Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Gleason
Canon and Mrs. C. Leslie Glenn
Mr. and Mrs. Ezra Glaser
Miss Maria Elena Gonzalez
Mrs. James Lippincott Goodwin
Mr. and Mrs. William C. Gouldsbury
Miss Cornelia Gross
Mr. and Mrs. Jerome B. Grossman
Mrs. Kathryn L. Haas
Ms. Juanita R. Hagan
Mrs. Henry G. Hager
Mrs. Grace E. Haggett
Mrs. Forbes Hall
Miss Anita Kay Hardy
Mrs. Jacqueline A. Harris
Mrs. Elizabeth C. Harrison
Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Hattersley
Miss Margery C. Hawley
Miss Gertrude E. Heare
Mrs. Kathleen C. Heinlein
Mrs. Nelson Helm
Mrs. Robert N. Hennessy
Captain and Mrs. C. R. Herms
Mrs. Richard R. Hobbins
Mr. and Mrs. A. George Hoffman
Mrs. Martin E. Hogan, Jr.
Miss Honor M. Hollinghurst
Mr. Donald Phillip Holloway
Mrs. James Holman
Miss Elizabeth B. Hone
Mr. and Mrs. Alvin K. Hottle
Mr. and Mrs. Morton B. Howell
Mrs. N. C. Huber
Mrs. Hugo G. Huettig, Jr.
Mrs. Aline W. Hugus
Miss Hana Hurdalkova
Miss Barbara Hyde
Mr. and Mrs. William Ireland, Jr.
Miss M. Roberta Irwin
Mrs. Marian Isern
Mr. and Mrs. Leslie A. Jacobson
Mr. and Mrs. Gustave Jamart
Mrs. Marguerite S. Jansky
Miss Joan L. Janssen
Mrs. Randall Jarrell
Dr. and Mrs. John F. Jewett
Mrs. Elizabeth B. Johnson
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 363
Foreign Study Tour Participants — continued
Mrs. Jane Strausbaugh Johnson
Dr. Mary W. Juday
Mr. and Mrs. C. S. Justman
Mr. and Mrs. William B. Kacian
Miss Ilona Karka
Dr. and Mrs. James R. Karns
Mr. Erich Kauders
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew 5. Keck
Mrs. John T. Keliher
Mrs. Carolyn Kent
Mr. and Mrs. Morris Ketchum, Jr.
Mr. Walter H. Kidd
Mr. William B. Kight
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene M. Kramer
Mrs. Millicent T. Lang
Mrs. Ralph M. Larson
Miss Betty McCluer Lee
Mr. and Mrs. Halleck Lefferts
Mr. and Mrs. Frank H. Leib
Miss Marguerite LeLaurin
Mrs. Lucy B. Lemmon
Mr. and Mrs. H. Willard Lende
Mr. H. W. Lende, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Lende
Mr. and Mrs. George Levin
Dr. and Mrs. Bjorn Lih
Mr. and Mrs. Owen S. Lindsay
Mrs. Anne C. Little
Mrs. Roy H. Lively
Miss Juliet Lohr
Miss Anna L. Loze
Mr. and Mrs. C. J. Lynch
Miss Florence Maple
Dr. and Mrs. Miles R. Markley
Miss Janet R. Marks
Mr. and Mrs. Lealon E. Martin
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Martin
Mr. Gunnar Maske
Mrs. Otto 5. Mayer
Mrs. George W. McCall
Mrs. David L. McCarroll
Mrs. T. Clyde McCarroll
Mrs. Franklin A. McCarthy
Mr. and Mrs. Gerald S. McCarthy
Mr. and Mrs. William C. McClintock
Mrs. James R. McCredie
Mr. and Mrs. J. W. McCutcheon
Mr. and Mrs. John W. McGreevey
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene C. McHenry
Mr. and Mrs. Howard F. McMurdie
Miss Mabel E. McNary
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. McNary
Mr. Donald C. McVay
Professor August Meier
Mrs. Pearl Mering
Mr. and Mrs. Harold W. Metz
Mrs. Karl E. Meyer
Mr. Charles B. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. N. Barr Miller
Mrs. Erma C. Milne
Miss Margaret D. Mitchell
Mrs. Paul H. Mockett
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph A. Morgan
Mr. Joseph W. Morrisey
Miss Mabel M. Morrison
Mr. and Mrs. J. Lane Morthland
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas G. Nanney
Mrs. Eleanor R. Nelson
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph B. Neiser
Mrs. R. H. Nichols
Mrs. George J. Nowak
Dr. and Mrs. Walter Nudelman
Mr. and Mrs. Bernard T. O'Connor
Mrs. Martin B. O'Connor
Mrs. James M. E. O'Grady
Mrs. Edith M. Olmstead
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel J. O'Neil
Mr. and Mrs. Noel 5. O'Reilly
Mrs. Henry D. Ormsby
Mr. and Mrs. Stewart Orton
Mr. and Mrs. George Armstrong Ott
Mr. and Mrs. George Page
Mr. and Mrs. William S. Page
Mrs. Robert Pansky
Professor and Mrs. John H. Parry
Dr. and Mrs. Harold H. Parsons
Mrs. Charles F. Passel
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Pearsall
Mr. and Mrs. C. Wesley Peebles, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. George W. Petersen
Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Petrie
Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Pettit
Mrs. Grace T. Pfister
Mrs. Albert R. Pierce, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. Pierce, Jr.
Miss Phyllis Platz
Mr. Douglas K. Porteous
Mrs. Florence T. Powell
Mr. and Mrs. Dennis Quittner
Miss Margaret Rathbone
Miss Lois Reddin
Mrs. Thomas Reese
Mrs. Vera G. Ricci
Mrs. Elizabeth P. Richards
Mrs. J. A. Rogers
Mrs. John Rood
Miss James Bruce Ross
Mrs. C. R. Rudolph
364 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Foreign Study Tour Participants— continued
Mrs. Roberta Ruliffson
Mr. and Mrs. Rucker Ryland
Mr. Loren C. Sage
Miss Wilma Sain
Mrs. Jane M. Sasse
Miss Catherine Satterlee
Miss Harriet Schofield
Mrs. Benjamin Schiffer
Mrs. Henry A. Schroeder
Mr. and Mrs. Edward Sheehan
Schroering
Mr. and Mrs. Gustav Schwab
Mrs. Jerome W. Schwabe
Miss Frances Scudder
Mr. and Mrs. Harold J. Selinsky
Miss Bonnie L. Selinsky
Mr. and Mrs. Guy Seward
Miss Marjorie T. Siapno
Mrs. Lawrence D. Silvernale
Miss Edith Sircom
Ms. Karyn E. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. R. Neil Smith
Dr. and Mrs. Raymond Smith
Ms. Margery N. Snyder
Miss Laura M. Standifer
Mrs. Edmund A. Stanley
Dr. and Mrs. James V. Stewart
Mrs. Arthur Stockstrom
Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Lamar Stone
Mrs. L. G. Stone
Mrs. Thomas A. Stone
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Strasser
Mr. and Mrs. John F. Strayer
Mr. and Mrs. Dexter Strong
Mrs. Patricia Styles
Miss Margherita Tarr
Miss Regina Tarr
Mrs. Margaret M. Taylor
Miss Suzanne S. Taylor
Mrs. Constance W. Thompson
Mrs. Donna Thompson
Mrs. Ellen G. Thompson
Miss Sara A. Thompson
Mrs. Anna L. Thornbury
Mr. and Mrs. Bela C. Tifft
Miss Cora J. Tripp
Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Tunnard
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Tupper
Miss Catherine P. Waddle
Mrs. W. Clyde Ward
Mrs. Dorothy Warner
Mr. and Mrs. Harold C. Warnock
Mrs. Robert B. Waters
Mrs. Horton Watkins
Mr. and Mrs. C. Douglas Webb
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick S. Webster
Mr. and Mrs. Robert M.
Weidenhammer
Mr. Fern G. Wendt
Mr. and Mrs. Harold I. Westcott
Mrs. Howard Wheeler
Miss Frances E. Whitehead
Mr. and Mrs. Ross Whitney
Mrs. Vivian Wildman
Mr. and Mrs. Edward M. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Williams
Mrs. George Wohl
Mrs. Ralph O. Wood
Mrs. Josephine O. Woodbury
Mr. and Mrs. John B. Wright
Mrs. William C. Wright
Mrs. David Yerkes
Mr. and Mrs. William K. Yost
Ms. Marian C. Young
Mr. and Mrs. Russell A. Young
FINANCIAL CO-SPONSORS: SMITHSONIAN
NATIONAL ASSOCIATES REGIONAL PROGRAM
PEORIA, ILLINOIS
Caterpillar Tractor Company First Federal Savings Bank and
Commercial National Bank of Peoria Loan Association of Peoria
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN
Albert Trostel & Sons Company
Allen-Bradley Company
Allis-Chalmers Corporation
Badger Meter, Inc.
Bucyrus-Erie Company
Cutler-Hammer, Inc.
First Wisconsin National Bank
Harnischfeger Corporation
Herman Falk Memorial Foundation
Marine National Exchange Bank
Appendix 8. Benefactors of the Smithsonian Institution I 365
Financial Co-Sponsors, Regional Program — continued
Marshall & Ilsley Bank
Northwestern Mutual
Life Insurance Company
Rexnord, Inc.
Wisconsin Electric Power Company
Wisconsin Gas Company
Wisconsin Telephone Company
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
The Bundy Foundation
The Ford Motor Company Fund
General Motors Corporation
Manufacturers National Bank
of Detroit
National Bank of Detroit
Parke, Davis and Company
Stroh Brewery Company
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
Alaska Airlines
The Boeing Company
The Bon Marche
PACCAR, Inc.
Pacific National Bank of Washington
Peoples National Bank of Washington
Rainier National Bank
SAFECO Corporation
Seattle-First National Bank
DENVER, COLORADO
Ideal Basic Industries
Mountain Bell
MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA
Curtis L. Carlsen Foundation
Dayton Hudson Foundation
First Bank System, Minnesota Affiliates
General Mills Foundation
Honeywell
International Multifoods Corporation
Minneapolis Star & Tribune Company
Minnesota Gas Company
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company
Northern States Power Company
Northwest Bancorporation
Northwestern Bell Telephone
Company
Northwestern National Life
Insurance Company
Peavey Company
The Pillsbury Company
St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press
366 / Smithsonian Year 1977
APPENDIX 9. List of Donors to the Smithsonian Institution in
Fiscal Year 1977
The Board of Regents and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution
join with the entire staff in thanking all of the Institution's friends for
their generous financial support and for their gifts to the collections. If
perchance the name of any donor has been omitted from the following
list, it is an inadvertence and in no way diminishes the Institution's
gratitude. Many gifts were received from donors who prefer to remain
anonymous; the Smithsonian wishes to thank them for their generosity.
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY
SPECIAL PROJECTS
Donors to the Furnishings Collection
Arpad, Michael, Washington, D.C. : two oil portraits by E. Frazer Andrews.
Brown, Peter Mack, Washington, D.C: Empire drop-leaf table.
Ching-Hua, Shou, Hong Kong, British Crown Colony: Chinese painted scroll.
Clark, Sylvia, Washington, D.C: pair of bell jars of mounted birds.
Cleveland, George M., Tamworth, New Hampshire: Regency desk originally
owned by President John Quincy Adams.
Howland, Richard H, Washington, DC: cottage bedroom suite; three
Gothic Revival armchairs.
Kruger, Jennifer C, Albuquerque, New Mexico: Elizabeth Revival side chair.
Medinger, Elizabeth (estate of): Colonial Revival writing table and six chairs;
oriental rug, Empire armchair, oil portrait.
Riggs National Bank, Washington, DC: roll top desk by J. K. Rishel
Furniture Co., Williamsport, Pennsylvania.
Stark, Lucy C, Uniondale, Pennsylvania: Elizabethan Revival side chair.
SCIENCE
CHESAPEAKE BAY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Donor of Financial Support Ms. Carol Guyer
NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM
Donors to the Collections
CENTER FOR EARTH AND PLANETARY STUDIES
American University Library: 40 lantern glass slides from 1918 Lick
Observatory photographs of the moon.
Imogene McCausland: 5 color paintings of moon rock thin sections.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 367
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS
Adams, Paul W. : Norden bombsight prototype.
American Airlines: Boeing 707 model.
Antique Airplane Association: Japanese aircraft engine.
Australian Embassy: Royal Australian Air Force insignia.
Baas, Michael R. : American Airlines aircrew badges.
Bonelli, Mrs. Piero: Navigational sextant.
Campbell, Mrs. George W. : Life vest from USS Macon.
Carey, Colonel E. F., Jr.: Medals commemorating Lindbergh's flight
Davis, T. H. : Boeing 737 model.
Delta Airlines: Lockheed L-1011 model.
Donaldson, Rev. F. L. P.: Gyroscopic inclinometer, World War I, and 1930
pilot's license.
Doolittle, James R: USAAF World War II uniform.
Gaynor, Brig. Gen. Robert M.: USAAF insignia.
General Electric Co.: CF6 fanjet engine.
Greenamyer, Darryl: Grumman F8F-1 Conquest I.
Hall, Theodore A.: Elevator rib, Bell XP-59; cam shaft, Curtiss Reims Racer.
Hamilton Standard Div., United Technologies: Hamilton Standard model
propeller.
Harris, Norma L. : Delta Airlines stewardess uniform.
Howard, Roland M. : Piper J-3 Cub.
Japan Air Lines: Stewardess uniform.
James, Teresa D. : Service uniform.
Karen, Jay Frazee: Pan American purser's uniform.
Lamport Foundation: Anti-G suits.
Larkford, Mrs. Gladys: "Hindenburg" cup and saucer.
Loening, Grover, estate: Loening memorabilia.
Lopez-Garcia, Zalo: Lindberg banquet menu.
Moore, Mrs. Halsey S. : Civilian flight clothing, c.1927.
Morehouse, Silas A.: Antique propeller.
Moro, Mrs. Francis: Metal aircraft skis.
National Airlines: Boeing 727 model.
Parsons, Mrs. Edwin C. : Uniform and accessories, Lafayette Escadrille,
World War I.
Piff, Celia: Civil Air Patrol insignia.
Rattner, Arnold: Martin B-10 model.
Royal Air Force, Great Britain: Battle of Britain tableau.
Ryder, Roger F. : World War II recognition models.
Smith, Stanley H. : Uniform, U.S. Army helicopter pilot, Viet Nam.
Trans World Airlines: Boeing 707-331B model.
Walshe, Mrs. Elqyn: Ford tri-motor can chairs.
Walton, Nancy Bird: De Havilland Leopard model.
Western Airlines: Douglas M-2.
DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONAUTICS
Barlow, Ronald and Douglas Drexler, Centereach, New York: Star Trek
memorabilia and replicas.
Museum of Science, Boston: Apollo guidance and navigations optical unit.
Thiokal Corporation, Elkton, Maryland: Bullpup A and B rockets; Collections
of early Reaction Motors, rockets and parts.
Mount, Wadsworth W., Warren, New Jersey: Grapnel rockets and equipment.
Bell Aerospace, Buffalo, New York: Minuteman propulsion equipment.
Rockwell International, Downey, California: Minuteman guidance package.
USAF Hospital, Edwards AFB, California: MOD spare suit and accessories.
368 / Smithsonian Year 1977
USAR Armament Museum, Eglin AFB, Florida: Mighty Mouse rocket.
Estes Industries: Rocket models.
Jones, Jean, Alexandria, Virginia: Discoverer 17 Recovery parachute.
Director of Quality Control, Royal Arsenal, Woolwich: Congreve rocket
models.
White, Robert L., Alexandria, Virginia: Plastic rocket models.
Union Carbide Corp., Oak Ridge, Tennessee: Apollo Lunar Surface Return
Container components.
National Aeronautic Association, Washington, D.C. : Money carried on
Apollo flights; Apollo-Soyuz Test Program Record Book.
LIBRARY
Archibald, Robert J., Needham, Massachusetts: NC-4 photographic album.
Balchen, Mrs. Bernt, Chappaqua, New York: Autographed envelope with
signatures of Bernt Balchen and Floyd Bennett.
Bodine, John W., Morrisville, Pennsylvania: Color transparencies of Ford
Tri-Motor.
Buranelli, Felicity, New York, New York: Rudyard Kipling medal.
Crome, Ernest, Queensland, Australia: Historic envelopes bearing the
signatures of Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan posted Darwin, Australia,
June 29, 1937, the last of any records of the fatal "Round the World
Flight"; another envelope has the signatures of Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt and
Captain Roy Pickering, who piloted the Liberator bomber across the Pacific
in 1943, when Mrs. Roosevelt visited the troops in the battle zones.
Dillenbeck, John Charles, Brackney, Pennsylvania: Sheet music, Lindbergh,
the Eagle of the U.S.A.
Fiske, Mrs. Gardiner, Southern Pines, North Carolina: Folio of color prints on
the "Moon Hoax" designed by Italian artists in Naples in 1836, based on
the discoveries by Sir. John Frederick William Herschel. Eighteenth-century
oil painting on ballooning by an unknown French artist.
Giurco, Loredana Sgueglia, New York, New York: "Moon Lady Ball"
memorabilia and "Round Moon and Star" tile.
Grinberg, Paul, Jr., Bethesda, Maryland: New York Times, May 20, 1927,
newspaper.
Hanley, Honorable Julian R., Warsaw, New York: Dole race to Hawaii
photographic album.
National Aeronautics Association, Washington, D.C: Archival files of world
aerospace records.
Raabe, Petricia, McLean, Virginia: Charles Lindbergh plate, commemorating
his transatlantic flight May 20-21, 1927.
Schumaker, Terry, Carbondale, Illinois: Photographic slides of the Apollo
missions, 70 space postcards and Apollo 7 to 17 vinyl decals.
Science News, Inc., Washington, D.C: Archival files of aerospace and
astronomical data.
Space Photos, Houston, Texas: Complete set of space slides.
Steen, Richard, Washington, DC: Robert Osborn cartoons and other naval
air memorabilia.
Thaden, Louise M., High Point, North Carolina: Women in aviation
autographed photographs.
Tuttle, Dr. Frederick B., Washington, DC: Aerospace education books and
set of all NASA educational publications.
United States Navy. Naval Historical Center, Washington, DC: Aeronautical
report of tests conducted on wind-tunnel models of projected naval aircraft.
Wheaton, Elmer P., Portola Valley, California: Rocket and guided missile
memorabilia.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 369
Williamson, William, Belize City, Belize: Collection of 50 Charles A.
Lindbergh commemorative stamps.
Donors to the NASM Art Collections
During the year, forty-five offers to donate works of arts were made to
the National Air and Space Museum. After careful review, the following
works were accepted.
Balchen, Mrs. Bernt: Eight drawings and watercolors by the late Bernt
Balchen.
Bayless, Raymond (artist) : Twelve miniature paintings of aircraft and lighter-
than-air ships.
Butler, H. Russell Jr.: Two paintings by Howard Russell Butler, The Earth
as Seen from the Moon, and The Eclipse of 1923.
Chamberlin, Craig (artist): Soring II, a three-dimensional painting.
Charles A. Lindbergh Memorial Fund Committee: Lindbergh Arrives Over
Paris, a reproduction of a painting by Robert Carlin.
Cooke, Mrs. H. Lester: 21 paintings and drawings from the collection of the
late H. Lester Cooke.
Edward Gottlieb and Associates, Ltd.: Metnorial to Fallen Spacemen, a
sculpture by Paul Van Hoeydonck.
Fiske, Mrs. Gardiner H. : The Aerostat, a painting by an unknown artist.
Ortlip, Paul (artist) : Four documentary drawings of the Apollo 12 and 14
programs.
Sharp, Anne (artist): Moonshot I, a print.
Solomon, Jack: Captain Eddie and Flying Fool, lithographs by Merv Corning.
Speiser, Stuart: NC-4, a painting by Edward Wilbur.
TRW Defense and Space Systems Group: Robert H. Coddard and Wilbur
and Orville Wright, collages by John Desatoff.
Venezuela: Delta Solar, an architectural sculpture by Alejandro Otero.
Wang, Ming (artist): Full Blast and a scroll painting.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MAN, CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN,
NATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL FILM CENTER
Donors of Financial Support
Waletzky, Dr. and Mrs. Jeremy P.: in support of field studies of child
behavior and human development in isolated cultures.
Women's Committee of the Smithsonian Associates: in support of research
film studies in Nepal.
Rachelwood Foundation: to support research film studies of the Kayapo
Indians in Brazil.
Epstein, Mrs. Lionel C. : toward support of ongoing research film studies in
Brazil.
Donors and Collaborative Acquisitions
Melville J. Herskovits Library of Northwestern University Library: 34,000
feet of film shot by Melville J. Herskovits in Africa and the Caribbean.
Jones, Clifford Reis: 3,376 feet of film documentation on art, ritual, and
drama in South India.
Baker, Aloha W. : 4,000 feet on the Bororo tribe of Matto Grosso, Brazil,
shot in the 1920s.
Tokyo String Quartet: Tape recordings of eight performances at the
Corcoran Gallery of Art using the rare seventeenth-century Amati
instruments.
370 / Smithsonian Year 1977
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Donors of Financial Support
Dr. R. Tucker Abbott
Anonymous
Bausch & Lomb
John D. Conklin
David N. Damkaer
Thomas J. Delendick
Diamond Shamrock Corporation
Dow Chemical
Eberbach Corporation
Exxon Corporation
Frederick County Rock and Mineral
Club
Sumner Gerard Foundation
Restricted Trust Fund Donors
Canfield Fund.
Chamberlain Fund.
Drake Fund.
Roebling Fund.
Springer Fund.
Dr. Gordon Gibson
The Griffis Foundation, Inc.
Bertha I. M. Gudelsky
Gayle A. Heron
Mrs. Amy E. Higgins
National Capital Shell Club
National Geographic Society
Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley
St. Joe's Mineral Company
Sperry and Hutchinson Company
Mrs. Daniel E. Tolbert
Robert A. Vines
Virgil Hillyer Fund.
Walcott Fund.
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Fund.
Donors to the National Collections
INSTITUTIONAL
Aarhus University, Herbarium
Jutlandicum, Denmark.
Academy of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia.
Academy of Sciences, USSR.
Academy of Sciences, California.
Adelaide, University of.
Adelphi, University of.
Agriculture, U.S. Dept. of:
Agricultural Research Service;
Forest Service Herbarium.
Agriculture, University of,
The Netherlands.
Alabama Power Company.
Alberta, University of, Canada.
Albion College.
Allan Hancock Foundation.
Allyn Museum of Entomology.
Alpine Exploration.
American Museum of
Natural History.
Amoco Production Company.
Architect of the Capitol, U.S.
Arizona State University: Herbarium.
Arizona, University of.
Arkansas University Herbarium.
Atomic Energy Commission, U. S.
Auburn University.
Auckland University, New Zealand.
Australian Museum, Australia.
Baltimore Zoo, City of.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.
Belgrade, University of, Yugoslavia.
Bergen, University of, Norway.
Bermuda, Biological Station.
Bernice P. Bishop Museum.
Biosystematics Research Institute,
Canada.
Black Hills Minerals.
Boston University.
Botanical Museum and Herbarium of
the State University, The Netherlands.
Botaniches Museum Berlin-Dahlem,
West Germany.
Bradeanum Herbarium, Brazil.
Brigham Young University.
British Museum of Natural History,
England.
British Phosphate Commissioners,
Singapore.
Bundesanstalt fur Materialpriifung,
West Germany.
Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et
Minieres, France.
C. G. Stone Arkansas Geological
Commission.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 371
California Institute of Technology.
California Polytechnic State
University.
California State University.
California, University of. Scripps
Institution of Oceanography.
Cambridge, University of, England.
Canada, Centre for Mineral and
Energy Technology.
Canada, Geological Survey of, Canada.
Canberra Botanic Gardens, Australia.
Cantebury, University of, New Zealand.
Cape Town, University of, South Africa
Carleton, University of, Canada.
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Case Western Reserve University.
Center of Northern Studies, Vermont.
Chulalongkorn, University of,
Thailand.
Colorado Gem and Mineral
Company.
Colorado University Museum.
Colorado State University.
Commerce, U. S. Dept. of: National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-
tration; Bureau of Standards.
Commonwealth Scientific and
Industrial Research Organization,
Australia.
Conchologists of the U. S. A.
Connecticut, University of.
Cornell University. L. H. Hortorium.
Corning Community College.
Corpus Christi Museum.
Crystal Cavern Minerals.
Crystals of India.
Dauphin Island Sea Lab.
Defense, U. S. Dept of: Air Force;
Army; Navy.
Delaware Museum of Natural History.
Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research, New Zealand.
Diamond Sales Company.
Duke University: Herbarium; Marine
Lab.
East Africa, University of, Nairobi
College.
East African Freshwater Fisheries
Research Organization, Kenya.
Ecole Nationale Superieure
Agronomique, France.
Edward J. Tripp Company.
Empresa Brasileira de Paequisa
Agropecuaria, Brazil.
Environmental Protection Agency,U.S.
Escuela Nacional de Agricultura,
Mexico.
Essig Entomology Museum.
Exploratie en Produktie Laboratorium,
The Netherlands.
Fairchild Tropical Garden.
Fairfax Hospital.
Field Museum of Natural History.
Florida A & M University.
Florida Atlantic University.
Florida International University.
Florida State Board of Conservation.
Florida State Museum.
Florida, State of.
Florida, State of, University.
Florida, University of. State Museum.
Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg,
West Germany
Fort Wayne Children's Zoo.
Fundacao Instituto Agronomico do
Parana, Brazil.
Fundacion Miguel Lillo, Argentina.
Geological Museum, Egypt.
Geologisk Museum-ved Kobenhavns
Universitet, Denmark.
Georgia, State of, Dept. of Natural
Resources.
Georgia, University of.
Gettysburg College.
Gorgas Memorial Laboratory,
Canal Zone.
Goteborgs Universitet, Sweden.
Government Agriculture College,
Indiana.
Government Chemical Laboratories,
Australia.
Guelph, University of, Canada.
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory.
Gulf Coast Research Laboratory
Museum.
Gulf International Trading Company.
Gulf Specimen Company, Inc.
Hansen Minerals.
Harvard University: Botanical Museum,
Geological Museum;
Mineralogical Museum;
Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Japan.
Hawaii, University of: Harold L. Lyon
Arboretum, Manoa.
Hawaii, University of — Manoa.
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
Health, Education and Welfare, U. S.
Department of : Public Health Service.
Herbario "Alberto Castellanos," Brazil.
372 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Herbario de la Universidad de
Panama, Republic of Panama.
Herbario de Museum de Historia
Natural da U.F.M.G., Brazil.
Herbario "Barbosa Rodriques,"
Brazil.
Herbario Ovalles-UCV, Venezuela.
Herbario Vargas, Peru.
Herbarium Vadense,
The Netherlands.
Heron Island Research Station
Board.
Hokkaido University, Japan.
Hong Kong, University of, China.
Idaho, State of: Department of
Health and Welfare.
Idaho State University Museum.
Idaho, University of.
India, Geological Survey of, India.
Indiana University.
Instituto de Botanica Darwinion,
Argentina.
Institut fur Systematische Botanik
der Universitat, West Germany.
Institut Royal Sciences Naturelles de
Belgique, Belgium.
Institut Scientifique et Technique,
France.
Institute for Agricultural Research,
Nigeria.
Institute for Botanical Exploration.
Institute for Systematic Botany,
The Netherlands.
Instituto Agronomico, Brazil.
Instituto Botanico, Venezuela.
Instituto de Biologia, Mexico.
Instituto de Botanica, Brazil.
Instituto de Conservacao da
Natureza, Brazil.
Instituto de Pesquisa e
Experimentacao, Brazil.
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da
Amazonia, Brazil.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna
Commission.
Interior, U. S. Department of the:
Bureau of Sports Fisheries
and Wildlife; Fish and Wildlife
Service; U.S. Geological Survey;
National Park Service; Office of
the Secretary
Iowa State University: Herbarium.
Iowa, University of.
Iranian National Museum of Natural
History.
Island Resources Foundation, Inc.,
Virgin Islands.
Jamaica, Institute of, Jamaica.
James Franck Institute.
Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
Jardin Botanico Dr. Rafael M. Moscoso,
Dominican Republic.
Johns Hopkins University.
Justice, U. S. Department of:
Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Kansas, University of.
Kennecott Corporation. See Southwest
Mineral Associates.
Kerala, University of, India.
Kingston Polytechnic, England.
Kobe University, Japan.
Kristalle.
Kumamoto University, Japan.
Kyoto University, Japan.
Lae, Government of Papua,
New Guinea, New Guinea.
Lamar University.
Lehigh University.
Living Design Corporation.
Lockheed Center for Marine Research.
Lomonosov, University of, USSR.
Los Angeles County Museum of
Natural History.
Louisiana State University.
Lund, University of, Sweden:
Botanical Museum.
Lutheran Homes, Inc.
Lyko Mineral and Gem, Inc.
Maine, University of.
Malaya, University of, Malaysia.
Marie Selby Botanical Gardens.
Maryland, State of: Department of
Research and Education.
Maryland, University of.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Massachusetts, University of: Herbarium.
Max-Planck-Institut fiir
Verhaltensphysiologie, Germany.
Mayaguez, Recinto Universitario de,
Puerto Rico.
McMaster University, Canada.
Memorial University of Newfoundland,
Canada.
Miami University.
Michigan, University of.
Mid-Pacific Marine Laboratory,
Marshall Islands.
Mineralogical Museum an SSR, USSR.
Mineralogical Research Company.
Mineralogisch-Petrographisches
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 373
Institut der Universitat,
West Germany.
Mineralogisk Museum, Denmark.
Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum,
Norway.
Minerals Unlimited.
Normandeau Associates, Inc.
North Carolina Marine Resources
Center.
North Carolina State Museum.
North Carolina State University.
North Carolina, University of.
Ministerie van Landbouw en Visserij, Nucleo de Nueva Esparta, Venezuela.
The Netherlands. Office de la Recherche Scientifique
Ministerio de Agricultura y Granderia et Technique Outre-Mer.
Ecuador
Ministerio de Economia, Industria y
Comercio, Costa Rica.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries &
Food, England.
Minnesota, University of : Herbarium.
Missouri Botanical Garden
Herbarium.
Missouri, State of: Department of
Conservation.
Monkey Jungle, Inc.
Montshire Museum of Science.
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories.
Moulmein College, Burma.
Mt. Albert Research Center,
New Zealand.
Musee Royal de 1'Afrique Centrale,
Belgium.
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Italy.
Museu Botanico Municipal, Brazil.
Museu Nacional, Brazil.
Museu Paraense Emilia Goeldi, Brazil.
Museum fur Naturkunde,
West Germany.
Museum National d'Histoire
Naturelle, France.
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
National Museum, Czechoslovakia.
National Museum of Natural Sciences,
Canada.
National Museum of Victoria,
Australia.
National Science Museum, Japan.
Natural History Museum, San Diego.
Naturhistorishches Museum, Austria.
Nebraska, University of.
New Brunswick, University of,
Canada.
New England Diamond Corporation,
England.
New Hampshire, University of.
New Mexico, University of.
New Orleans, University of.
New York Botanical Garden.
New York Zoological Society.
Newmont Mining Corporation.
Oklahoma, City of: Zoo.
Oklahoma, University of.
Old Dominion University.
Oregon, State of: Department of
Geology & Mineral Industries.
Oregon State University.
Oxford, University of, England.
Oxy Metal Industries Corporation.
Pacific Biological Station, Canada.
Pacific Southwest Biological Services.
Pacific Tropical Botanical Gardens.
Pala Properties International, Inc.
Pet Farms, Inc.
Phelps Dodge Corporation.
Phuket Marine Biological Center,
Thailand.
Pisces Publishing Corporation.
Plumbago Mining Corporation.
Portobello Marine Laboratory.
Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, Brazil.
Puerto Rico, University of, Puerto Rico.
Queen Victoria Museum and
Art Gallery, Australia.
Queensland Herbarium, Australia.
Radford College.
Research and Control Department,
West Indies.
Rhode Island, University of.
Rhodes University: J.L.B. Smith
Institute of Ichthyology.
Rider College.
Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic
The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium.
Royal Botanic Gardens, Australia.
Royal Botanic Gardens, England.
Royal Ontario Museum, Canada.
Samoa, American Government of,
Samoa.
San Carlos, University of, Philippines.
San Diego Society of Natural History.
San Diego Zoological Gardens.
Saskatchewan, University of, Canada.
Select Gem and Mineral Company.
Seto Marine Biological Laboratory,
Japan
Simon Kriger, Inc.
South African Museum, South Africa.
374 / Smithsonian Year 1977
South Australia, Museum,
Australia.
South Carolina, University of.
South Florida, University of:
Herbarium.
Southern Methodist University.
Southern Mississippi University.
Southwest Mineral Associates.
Southwest Mineral Associates and
Kennecott Corporation.
St. Mary's College, Maryland.
State Herbarium of South Australia,
Australia.
State University of New York.
State, U.S. Department of: Agency
for International Development;
Office of Protocol.
Station Marine D'Endoume et Centre
d'Oceanographie, France.
Stetson University.
Sunderland Polytechnic, England.
Swedish Museum of Natural History,
Sweden.
Syracuse Gem and Mineral Society.
Syracuse University.
Systematisch-Geobotanisches Institut
der Universitat, West Germany.
Tasmania, University of, Australia.
Tennessee Technological University.
Tennessee, University of.
Texas A & M University.
Texas Game and Fish Commission.
Texas Tech University.
Texas, University of: Herbarium.
TMK Inc.
Toronto, University of, Canada.
Treasury, U.S. Department of:
Bureau of Customs.
Tufts University.
Union Tin Mines, South Africa.
See Pringle, Dr. I. C.
Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Universidad de Chile, Chile.
Universidad de Concepcion, Chile.
Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica.
Universidad de la Laguna, Spain.
Universidad de Panama, Republic of
Panama.
Universidad del Norte, Chile.
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de
Mexico, Mexico.
Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Colombia.
Universidad Nacional de Cordoba,
Argentina.
Universidad Nacional del Nordeste,
Argentina.
Universidad Nacional Tecnica de
Cajamarca, Peru.
Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janiero,
Brazil.
Universita Degli Studi di L'Aquila, Italy.
Universita di Messina, Italy.
Universitat Hamburg, West Germany.
Universite d'Aix-Marseille, France.
Universiteit van Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
Universitetets Zoologiske Museum,
Denmark.
University de Nice, University of,
France.
University of the South.
Vermont, University of: and State
Agriculture College.
Victoria University, New Zealand.
Virginia, State of: Department of
Health.
Virginia Fisheries Laboratory.
Virginia Institute of Marine Science.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute: and
State University.
Virginia State Library.
Volta Lake Research Project, Ghana.
Wake Forest University.
Walters State Community College.
Ward's Natural Science Establishment,
Inc.
Washington, University of.
Western Australian Museum, Australia.
Western Carolina University.
Western Foundation of Vertebrate
Zoology.
Western Minerals.
Western Ontario University, Canada.
Wetlands Institute.
Winnipeg, University of, Canada.
Wisconsin State University.
Wisconsin, University of: Herbarium.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Wyoming, University of.
Zona Universitaria, Mexico.
Zoologisches Institute der Universitat
Wien, Austria.
Zoologisches Museum, West Germany.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 375
INDIVIDUAL
Abbott, Dr. William H.
Adkison, Daniel L.
Ainley, David G.
Al-Far,Dr. D. M.
Alexander, Mr. and Mrs. L. T. — See
Kappes, J.
Allen, Dr. H. W.
Allison, Robert, Jr.
Almeras, Dr. Y.
Altenhofer, Dr. Ewald
Amos, William H.
Andersen, Dr. William A.
Anderson, David
Anderson, Robert J.
Angle, J. P. — See Olson, Dr. Storrs L.
Angell, Dr. Robert W.
Angelo, Ray
Aristarain, Dr. Lorenzo F.
Ash, Dr. Sidney R.
Ashby, Wallace L.
Astary, Dr. J. C.
Aumento, Dr. Fred
Austin, Claudia J.
Ayers, Harvard G.
Bailey, Dr. Richard H.
Baker, James H.
Ball, Dr. George E.
Bane, Gilbert W.
Banks, Harold H., Jr.
Baranowski, Dr. R. M.
Barbehenn, Kyle R.
Barber, John C. — See Olson,
Dr. Storrs L.
Barbosa, Carlos de Prado
Baril, Steven
Barnard, Dr. J. L.
Barnett, Roger C.
Barrell, Dr. Joseph
Barrero Aviles, Sr. Antonio
Bartholomew, Dr. M. J.
Bauer, Mrs. Hugo C.
Baumann, Dr. Richard W. and
Cross, Jarrett L.
Bean, Dr. William C.
Behrstock, Robert A.
Belkin, Dr. John N.
Benedict, Dr. Bruce R.
Benier, Dr. Christiane Stern
Bennett, Dr. Fred
Bennison, Dr. A. P.
Benson, Dr. Richard
Bentivoglio, A.
Bentivoglio, P. — See Bentivoglio, A.
Bergman, Fred W.
Berlinger, Bernard E.
Beus, Dr. Alexei
Blair, Dr. David
Blake, Mrs. Doris H.
Blanchard, Andre
Blasdell, Francis S.
Block, Dale W.
Blount, Mrs. Percy J.
Blow, Warren
Blume, Dr. Richard R.
Boerner, P. D.
Boggs, Robert
Bokermann, Werner C. A.
Bolli, Dr. Hans M.
Boone, Mrs. Connie
Boone, Mrs. Hollis Q.
Boothe, Billy B.
Boucot, Dr. Arthur J.
Bowsher, Dr. Arthur L. — See
Bennison, Dr. A. P.
Brewer, George
Bricker, Garth
Brinson, Gail M. and Nasca, Anthony V
Broadley, Donald G.
Bronnimann, Dr. Paul
Brown, C. J.
Brown, Dr. Harley P.
Brown, Dr. William L., Jr.
Browne, Joseph E.
Brownell, Robert L., Jr.
Bruce, Murray
Brumbach, William C.
Bryan, W. B.
Buchanan, Kurt
Budinger, Dr. Thomas F.
Buranek, A. M.
Burch, Mrs. Thomas A.
Burchard, Dr. and Mrs. Ulrich
Burgess, Dr. C. M.
Burke, Dr. J. J.
Burnham, Dr. Charles W.
Burns, Jeff and Harbour, Mike
Burreson, Dr. Eugene M.
Bushnell, David I.
Byers, Dr. George
Cadee, Dr. Gerhard C.
Calderon, Dr. Cleofe
Campsie, Dr. John
Canning, Kenneth
Cannon, Bart
Capriles, Dr. J. Maldonado
Carlson, Dr. Ernest
Carpenter, Mike
Carpentier, Professor Fritz
376 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Carr, Dr. Lloyd G. K.
Case, Dr. Frederick W., II
Castro, Socorro
Causey, Dr. Nell B.
Centala, Maxine M.
Cernohorsky, Walter O.
Chace, Frederic
Chandler, J. H., Jr.
Chapman, Dr. Philip
Cheatum, Dr. Elmer P.
Chen, Dr. Lain-Shen
Child, C. Allan. — See Manning,
Dr. R. B.
Chuang, Dr. S. H.
Ciochon, R. — See Ross, Dr. June R. P.
Claffy, Mrs. Esther W.
Clark, Dr. William
Clark, Wayne E.
Clarke, Dr. Arthur H.
Clarke, Dr. J. F. Gates
Clench, Dr. William J.
Closs, Dr. Darcy
Coats, Gordon A.
Cohen, Mrs. Ann C.
Cohen, Rebecca
Coil, Clarence
Coleman, Dr. Richard W.
Collins, J. R.
Copper, Dr. Paul
Comely, Guy
Cortes, Sr. Raul
Covell, Dr. Charles V., Jr.
Covich, Dr. Alan
Crabill, Dr. Ralph E., Jr.
Cressev, Dr. Roger F.
Crook,'Dr. Wilson W., Ill
Cross, Jarrett L. — See Baumann, Dr.
Richard W.
Crovo, Ellen
Cuffey, Dr. Roger
Cullinan, Michael
Dahl, Dr. Arthur L. — See Manning,
Dr. R. B.
Darwin, Steven P.
Davidson, Robert
Davis, Cervantes
Davis, Dr. Donald R.
Davis, Jack R.
Davis, Richard M. and Harvey, Dean E.
Dawson, Dr. C. E. — See Manning,
Dr. R. B.
Dawson, J. B.
De Gasparis, A. A.
De Mire, Bruneau
De Mott, Sally L.
Degner, Drs. Otto and Isa
De Souza Neiva, Getulio
Del Rosario, Juane B.
Del Solar, Dr. Enrique M.
Delance, Dr. Jean-Henri
Dellacasa, Giovanni
Diaz, Humberto Granados
Dietrich, Dr. Jacques E.
Dietz, Robert E., IV.— Sec Hevel, Gary F.
Dmitriev, Dr. Leonid
Donaldson, Colin H.
Dorsey, Mrs. Carl K.
Downey, Maureen and Gust, Cynthia
Doyen, Dr. John T.
Dozier, Herbert L., Jr.
Drever, Dr. H. I.
Dubin, Dr. Dale B.
Dunn, Mrs. Arthur Wallace
Dunn, Mrs. Ethel L.
Dunn, Peter J.
Dushane, Mrs. Helen
Ekis, Dr. Ginter
Elliott, Dr. Nancy
Embrey, Dr. Peter
Emerick, Mr. and Mrs. Duncan
Engleman, Dr. R. Dodge
Enns, Dr. W. R.
Erd, Dr. Richard
Ernissee, Dr. John J.
Ernst, Dr. W. G.
Erwin, Dr. Terry L.
Esmero, Lourdes
Evans, Richard E.
Ewing, Dr. Rodney C.
Falster, Al
Faulkner, Douglas
Feinstein, Bernard
Feldman, Dr. Howard R.
Feldman, Dr. Rodney M.
Feller, I. C.
Ferguson, Dr. Douglas C.
Ferguson, Dr. Lynn M.
Ferris, Dr. Cliff D.
Firth, E. T.
Fischer, Capt. Carl O.
Fischer, Dr. Roland L.
Fischer, Joseph C.
Fisher, George W.
Flint, Dr. Oliver S., Jr.
Folch-Girona, Joaquin
Foord, Dr. Eugene E.
Foote, Roger W.
Ford, Virginia M.
Fosberg, Dr. F. Raymond. — See Sachet,
Marie-Helene
Foster, Dr. David E.
Foy, Douglas
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 377
Francis, Carl
Frank, Dr. Peter W.
Franklin, Kit
Fredriksson, Dr. Kurt
Freed, Charles E.
Fudali, Dr. Robert F.
Furimsky, Dan
Gaines, Dr. Richard V.
Garcia, Frank A.
Garrison, Rosser W.
Gaspard, Dr. Danielle
Gauri, Dr. K. Lai
Gauthier, Gilbert
Gazele, Mrs. Josette
Geest, B. S.— See Setzer, Dr. H. W.
Geest, J. C— See Setzer, Dr. H. W.
Gelena, Eduardo
Gentry, Dr. Glenn
Geoghegan, Mr. and Mrs. Philmore
Germer, Mrs. Dorothy
Gerstmann, Ewald
Ghent, Dr. Edward D.
Gibbs, Dr. Robert R.
Girim, Dr. M.
Glaser, Dr. John
Glasscock, Pat
Glenn, Dr. L. C.
Gloyd, Howard K.
Gold, Dr. D. P.
Goll, Dr. Robert M.
Goodfriend, Glenn A.
Gordon, Dr. Dennis P.
Grassle, Fred
Greene, Phyllis. — See Greene,
Sergeant
Greene, Sergeant
Greenhall, Paul and Sharon
Greenlaw, Addison E. and Nickerson,
Stephen
Grelick, Gary
Grey, L. Paul
Griffiths, Dr. Henry J.
Gueze, Dr. Paul
Guidotti, Dr. Charles V.
Gunawardhane, Dr. W. T. T. P.
Gurney, Dr. Ashley B.
Gust, Cynthia. — See Downey,
Maureen
Haburay, Keitz
Haderlie, E. C.
Halsey, Mrs. Marion S.
Handley, Dr. Charles O., Jr.
Hanks, Fletcher
Hanley, Mrs. Darelyn
Harbour, Mike. — See Burns, Jeff
Hardy, Dr. Alan R.
Hardy, Dr. D. Elmo
Harlan, Captain Harold J.
Harman, Professor Walter J.
Harmatuck, Peter J.
Harper, Raymond
Harris, Dr. Halbert M.
Harrison, Richard V.
Harrold, Mr. and Mrs. Don C*
Hart, C. W., Jr.
Hartgroves, William D.
Hartman, Dr. W. D.
Harvey, Dean E. — See Davis, Richard M.
Hasinger, David J.
Hatschbach, Dr. Gert
Hattenschwiller, Peter
Haugh, Dr. Bruce N.
Hayward, Dr. Bruce J.
Hayward, Dr. Bruce W.
Hayward, Dr. Kenneth J.
Head, Renee and Richmond, Robert
Heaney, Larry R. — See Timm, Robert M.
Heatwole, Harold
Hedges, Frank R.
Heiss, Dr. Ernst
Hekinian, Dr. Roger
Hentschel, Dr. Gerhard
Herman, Dr. Fred
Hermann, Dr. Scott J.
Herzig, Alice
Hevel, Gary F. and Dietz, Robert E., IV
Heyer, Dr. W. Ronald. — See Zug,
Dr. George R.
Hieke, Dr. F.
Higgins, Dr. Robert P.
Hodges, Dr. Ronald W.
Hoffman, Dr. Daniel
Hoffman, Dr. Richard L.
Hoffmann, Dr. H. J.
Hogue, Dr. Charles L.
Holder, Dr. Preston
Holland, C. G.
Holland, Dr. F. D., Jr.
Hood, Mrs. Emily
Hoover, Donald H.
Horstmann, Dr. Klaus
Houbrick, Dr. Richard S.
Houser, Mrs. Gertrude
Hovel, Haim
Howden, Anne T.
Howell, Dr. K. M.
Hudson, Maxwell John
Hueber, Dr. Francis M.
* James Smithson Society member.
378 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Hunsucker, Mrs. Diana
Hunter, Nelson D.
Husband, Dr. R. W.
Husscher, Harold
Hutchens, Lynn
Hynes, Paul
Irwin, Don
Issiki, Dr. S.
Jackh, Eberhard
Jackson, George A.
Jacobson, Morris K.
Jacot-Gruillarmod, C. F.
Jakob, Dr. Hans
James, Audrey M.
Janik, Mrs. Fred
Jennings, Dr. D. T.
Jensen, Lauritz A.
Johns, P. M.
Johnson, Don S.
Johnson, Dr. C. D.
Johnson, Dr. Guy M.
Johnson, Dr. J. G.
Johnson, Dr. Victor
Johnson, J. E.
Johnson, Mrs. George H.
Johnson, Paul G.
Johnson, Ralph
Johnstone, Shelby C.
Jones, Barry
Jones, Dr. Meredith L. — See Manning,
Dr. R. B.; Pawson, Dr. David L.;
Rosewater, Dr. Joseph; Provenzano,
Dr. Anthony J., Jr.
Jones, Frederick. — See Banks, Harold H.
Jones, Jerome
Jones, Ray S., Jr.
Joslyn, Priscilla K.
Jourdan, Kenneth
Jubran, George M.
Jungles, Gerald
Kadlecik, John M.
Kahler, Mrs. Laura B.
Kane, William F.
Kaneshiro, Shigeru
Kanmiya, Dr. Kenkichi
Kappes, J. and Alexander, Mr. and
Mrs. L. T.
Kato, Dr. Akira
Kaumeyer, Dr. Kenneth R.
Kay, Dr. E. Alsion
Keany, Dr. John
Keister, Harry
Kelly, Mackenzie L.
Kelso, Dr. Leon
Kendall, Elizabeth A.
Kennedy, Daniel B.
Kennedy, Irwin
Kielbaso, J. W. and Pfaff
Kimball, C P.
King, Dr. Robert M.
King, Vandall
Kinser, Edwin C.
Kiser, Stephen
Kiser, William S.
Kissin, Dr. Stephen A.
Kistner, Dr. David
Kittle, Dr. Paul D.
Klitz, Burton F.
Knowlton, Dr. George F.
Knutson, Dr. Lloyd V.
Koch, Raymond and Lucia
Kohlmann, Dr. Bert
Kohn, Dr. Alan J.
Kono, T.
Kordos, Craig
Kordos, George and Kordos, Craig
Kormilev, Dr. Nicholas A.
Korowski, Stanley
Kosnar, Richard A.
Kramer, Dr. Donald L.
Krauss, Dr. N. L. H.
Kristiansen, Roy
Krotki, Carl
Kues, Dr. Barry
Kulke, Dr. Holger
Lago, Dr. Paul
Lai Mohan, Dr. R. S.
Lamberson, Janet O.
Lamberts, Dr. Austin
Laudau, Dr. David*
Landing, Dr. Ed
Lang, Dr. Judy
Larson, Ron and Kathy
Laudon, Dr. Lowell R.
Laverty, Mr. and Mrs. John and
Norman
Le Calvez, Dr. Y.
Leakey, Mary
Leduc, James W.— See Mclntyre; Thomas
J.; Murdock, Wallace, Jr.; Robbins,
Lynn W.; Setzer, Dr. H. W.
Lee, Dr. Sin-Che
Lee, Harry G.
Leftwich, Rodney
Lehmkuhl, Dr. D. M.
Lekagul, Dr. Boonsong
Leobrera, Mr. and Mrs. Carlos and Fely
* James Smithson Society member.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 379
Leuschner, Ronald H.
Levy, Lester S.
Lewandowski, Robert
Lewis, Dr. Robert E.
Liebherr, Jim
Linam, Dr. Jay
Ling, Dr. Hsin Yi
Linkletter, Leslie
Linsley, Professor E. Gorton
Lo, Esther and Wong, Wendy
Longley, Dr. Glenn
Looney, Mrs. Ch. T. G.
Lord, Dr. Rexford D.
Lowrie, Dr. D. C.
Lubbock, Roger
Luce, Philip M.
Luethe, R. D.
Lukoschus, Dr. F. S.
Lyman, Orlando H.
Macaulay, Mrs. Sarah F.
MacBryde, Dr. Bruce
Maclntyre, Dr. Ian
Macior, Dr. Lazarus W.
Magone, Hugh
Magrath, Mrs. Louise
Mahone, Bill
Mallick, Dr. D. I. J.
Malone, Mrs. Elsie
Mancuso, Dr. Joseph J.
Mangeri, Angel
Mani, Dr. M. S.
Mankins, Dr. Jerome
Mann-Fischer, Dr. Guillermo
Manning, Dr. R. B. — See Jones,
Dr. Meredith L.
Mapes, Dr. and Mrs. Royal H.
Marcus, Dr. Eveline
Martin, Norman
Martin, Professor Robert M.
Mason, Dr. Brian
Mason, David C. — See Tucker,
Dr. Charles E.
Masters, Dr. Bruce A.
Mather, Bryant
Matheson, K. H., Jr.
Mathur, Dr. R. N.
Matsui, Masafumi
Matthews, Dr. John
Matula, Mrs. Vincent
Maw, Ba. — See Ross, Dr. June R. P.
Maxfield, Galen H.
Mazurkiewicz, Michael
McClurkin, Dr. J. I., Jr.
McConnell, Dr. Duncan
McFarland, Dr. Craig
McGregor, Russell C.
McGuinness, A. L.
Mclntyre, Thomas J. — See Leduc,
James W.
McKeever, Ivan
McKeever, Vincent
McKinnerney, Marsha
McKinney, James F.
McLean, Dr. James H.
McClellan, Jack H.
McPherson, Dr. J. E.
Medenbach, Dr. Olaf
Medler, Dr. John T.
Melloy, George F.
Melson, Dr. William G.
Merwin, Bertrand H.
Messing, Charles G.
Metzler, Eric H.
Michener, Dr. C D.
Middleton, Robert
Mikhalevsky, Colonel Alex
Miller, Carl F.
Miller, Dr. Walter B.
Miller, Dr. William E.
Mills, Claudia
Milne, Professor Lorus J.
Milton, Dr. Charles
Minch, Dr. Edwin W.
Mingo, Terry M.
Moldenke, Dr. Harold N.
Montgomery, Earl
Moore, Dr. Donald R.
Moore, Dr. Paul B.
Moore, Lyman
Moore, Robert
Morey, Dr. Elsie Darrah
Morey, William J.
Morris, Robert C.
Morse, Dr. S. A.
Moser, Dr. John C.
Mulaik, Dr. Stanley B.
Muller, Professor Klaus J.
Mulloy, Dr. William
Munroe, Dr. D. D.
Murdock, Wallace P., Jr. — See Leduc,
James W.
Mutt, Jose A. Mari
Muzik, Katherine
Naftule, Roland
Naples, Donald G.
Nasca, Authony V. — See Brinson,
Gail M.
Natland, Dr. James
Negendank, Dr. Jorg F. W.
Nichols, Richard H., Jr.
Nickel, Dr. Ernest H.
380 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Nickerson, Stephen. — See Greenlaw,
Addison E.
Nicolson, Mrs. Alice C.
Nigrini, Dr. Catherine A.
Nimms, Dr. Andrew P.
Noble, Harold A.
Nolf, Dr. Bruce
Nutting, William
Obodda, Herb
Odell, Reverend J. Mark
Ogden, Dr. James
Ogle, D. W.
Olson, Dr. Storrs L. — See Angle, J. P.;
Barber, John C.
Oman, Dr. P. W.
Opler, Dr. Paul
Osgood, Dr. Cornelius
Owen, Robert P.
Paddock, Mrs. Andrew Billings
Padilla, Manuel Cruz
Palloni, Pam
Palmer, Douglas
Papezik, Dr. V. 5.
Parker, Dr. Robert H.
Parker, Professor Bruce C.
Parmelee, Eleanor P.
Passaglia, Dr. Elio
Patterson, Mrs. Jefferson
Pauszek, Mrs. F. H. S.
Pawson, Dr. David L. See Jones,
Dr. Meredith L.
Payne, Dr. Jerry A.
Pearson, Dr. David L.
Pearson, Robert
Peck, Dr. Stewart B.
Peigler, Richard
Penna, John L.
Penner, Mr. and Mrs. Stanford
Pequegnat, Dr. Willis
Perault, Dr. Guy
Perkins, Dr. Edwin M.
Pessagno, Dr. Emile A., Jr.
Petersen, Dr. James J.
Petuch, Edward J.
Pfaff, Mr.— See Kielbaso, J. W.
Phebus, George E., Jr.
Phillips, R. W.
Pierite, Joseph A., Jr.
Pilcher, Tommy
Pinch, William W.
Pine, Ronald H.
Pingenot, Ron
Pinhey, Dr. Elliot
Piatt, Stephen
Pletsch, Dr. Donald J.
Pollack, Joseph A.
Ponder, Dr. Winston F.
Porter, Dr. Charles C.
Post, Dr. James L.
Potter, Charles W.
Pratt, Dr. Harry D.
Pratt, Dr. William L.
Prew, Mrs. Laurie
Priest, Amel
Principe, William L.
Pringle, Dr. I. C. and Union Tin Mines
Provenzano, Dr. Anthony J., Jr. —
See Jones, Dr. Meredith L.
Pulawski, Dr. W. J.
Puleston, Dr. Dennis E.
Purnell, Harold W. T. and Purnell,
Mr. and Mrs. L. M.
Purnell, Mr. and Mrs. L. M. —
See Purnell, Harold W. T.
Quiggle, Dean
Radwin, Dr. George E.
Rageot, Roger
Rahn, Russell A.
Ralph, C. J.
Rapalus, Joseph S.
Ratcliffe, Dr. Brett C.
Rathbun, Dr. Galin B.
Ray, Dr. Clayton E.
Reddell, Dr. James
Rehder, Dr. Harald A.
Reinert, Dr. John F.
Rice, Cliff
Rice, Dr. Mary E.
Richards, Dr. R. Peter
Richert, Dr. Thomas H.
Richmond, Robert. — See Head, Renee
Riddick, Mrs. Marceille
Riesenberg, Dr. Saul
Rimpoche, Mynak
Ripley, Dr. S. Dillon
Ripley, Mrs. S. Dillon
Ritter, Donald A.
Robbins, C. B.— See Setzer, Dr. H. W.
Robbins, Lynn W. — See Leduc, James W.
Robert, Mrs. Donald (Frances)
Roberts, Mrs. Allen
Robinson, Dr. A. G.
Rohrlich, Professor Vera
Rolston, Dr. L. H.
Roper, Dr. Clyde F. E. — See Gibbs,
Dr. Robert R.
Rosado Neto, Dr. G. H.
Rosenberg, William
Rosenburg, Dr. Laurence C.
Rosewater, Dr. Joseph. — See Manning,
Dr. R. B.; Jones, Dr. Meredith L.
Ross, Dr. H. H.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 381
Ross, Dr. June R. P.; Maw, Bo;
San, Bo; and Ciochon, R.
Ross, Martha J.
Rossano, Sr. Carlini
Rosser, Debbie
Rossetto, Eng. Agro. Carlos Jorge
Roth, Dr. Louis M.
Rothstein, Joe
Ruetzler, Dr. Klaus
Ruhle, Dr. George
Rulien, Neal
Rushin, Carol J.
Sachet, Marie-Helene and Fosberg,
Dr. F. Raymond
Sahama, Dr. Th. G.
Sainfeld, Dr. P.
Saito, Dr. Tsunemasa
Salasoo, Dr. I.
San, Bo. — See Ross, Dr. June R. P.
Sando, W. J.
Sato, Dr. Masataka
Sauleda, R. P.
Sazima, Dr. Ivan
Schaffner, Dr. Joseph C.
Scheltma, Dr. Rudy
Schlepp, Eugene E.
Schmitt, Dr. Waldo L.
Schroeder, Dr. Robert E.
Schroeder, Jack R.
Schueler, Frederick W.
Schuh, Joe
Schupp, Mr. and Mrs. William
Schuster, Guenter A.
Scudder, G. G. E.
Seiglie, Dr. George A.
Serna, Hno. Marco A.
Setzer, Dr. H. W.; Robbins, C. B.;
Leduc, J. W.; Geest, J. C; Geest, B. S.
Shapiro, Dr. Arthur M.
Shapiro, Mrs. Rosalie
Shaver, Robert G.
Shaw, J. Kevin
Sherman, William W.
Shipley, J. R.
Shojima, Yoichi
Shourd, Dr. M. L.
Siddons, Derek C.
Sigurdsson, Dr. Haraldur
Silleck, Mrs. H. Garrison
Silsby, Scott
Simkin, Dr. Thomas E.
Simpson, Dr. Beryl
Sinkankas, John
Sklar, Mrs. Hilde
Slater, Dr. James A.
Smith, Charles G.
Smith, Dr. Bob C, II
Smith, Dr. Edward Laidlaw
Smith, Frederick L.
Smith, Haywood
Smith, J. H., Jr.
Snelling, Roy
Spencer, Douglas R.
Spengler, William F.
Sperry, H. M.
Spilman, T. J.
Springer, Dr. Victor G.
Stack, Richard
Stanford, Dr. Dennis J.
Steiner, Warren E.
Stephan, Karl
Stephenson, Quentin J.
Stewart, John
Stewart, Robert H.
Steyskal, George C.
Stockwell, Dr. Henry P.
Stump, Adam
Sun, Dr. Wesley K. C.
Swabe, Richard
Sweeney, Michael J.
Sweibel, Julius
Swindle, Lewis J.
Switzer, Dr. George
Szczytko, Stan
Taggart, John H.
Taki, Dr. Iwao
Thomas, M. C.
Thompson, Marrion E.
Thompson, Mrs. Lee E.
Thorington, Dr. Richard W., Jr.
Thornton, Mrs. Sue
Tilles, David
Tillman, Dr. C. G. — See Bartholomew,
Dr. M. J.
Timm, Robert M. and Heaney, Larry
Torrey, Michael
Truedsson, Ake
Trussell, Mrs. E. K.
Tsukiyama, Hiroshi
Tsuneki, Dr. K.
Tucker, Dr. Charles E. — See Mason,
Dr. David C.
Tunnell, Dr. John W., Jr.
Tuominen, Professor Heikki
Turner, Mr. and Mrs. Milton
Ulmer, Dr. Gene
Valley, Dr. Karl
Valley, Gerald
Van Der Vecht, Dr. J.
Van Loon, Mr. and Mrs. Philip S.
Van Wambeke, Dr. L.
Vidarte, Dr. Luis Muniz
382 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Vigle, Gregory
Vinet, Leonor
Violovich, Dr. N. A.
Vitaliano, Dr. and Mrs. Charles J.
Vlodavetz, Professor V. I.
Voegeli, David. — See Banks,
Harold H.
Vokes, Dr. Emily H.
Von Neumann, Robert
Voshell, Dr. J. R., Jr.
Wah, Fong Yun
Walker, M. O.
Walsh, Philip S., Jr.
Ware, Donald C.
Waren, Anderson
Warriner, Dr. Richard B.
Watkin, Robert
Watson, Dr. George E., Ill
Weber, Mrs. Marcelle
Weiss, Fredric
Welbourn, W. Calvin
Welker, Harold
Wellington, J. W.
Wells, Dr. John W.
Wenzel, Robert
Weske, Dr. John S.
Westcott, Richard
Wetmore, Dr. Alexander
White, Dr. Graham B.
White, John Sampson
Whitmore, Dr. Frank C.
Whitmore, Robert
Widener, Millard E.
Wielgus, Ronald S.
Wilhelm, Kurt A.
Wilkerson, Edith C.
Willever, Donald
Williams, Mr. and Mrs. L. T.
Williams, Prosper J.
Wilson, Dr. E. O.
Wilson, Dr. Mildred S.
Wilson, R. B.
Witt, William L.
Wittmer, Dr. Walter
Wolfenden, Mrs. Hugh H.
Womble, Edgar A., Jr.
Wong, Wendy. — See Lo, Esther
Word, Jack
Wray, Dr. D. L.
Wright, Dr. J. B.
Wright; Dr. Steve
Yamaguchi, Dr. Masashi
Yedlin, Neal
Yepez, Dr. F. Fernandez
Yoder, Dr. H. S., Jr.
Young, Jane S.
Young, M. E.
Yount, Victor
Zardini, Rinaldo
Zavortink, Dr. Thomas J.
Zektzer, Jack
Zibrowius, Dr. Helmut
Zug, Dr. George R. and Heyer,
Dr. W. Ronald
Zweifel, Dr. Richard
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Donors of Financial Support
ORGANIZATIONS
S. I. Women's Committee: to purchase animals for the collection.
Noble Foundation: to support research at the Conservation and Research
Center, Front Royal, Virginia.
World Wildlife Fund: for a study to reintroduce bird species to a a tropical
forest preserve.
SAFE International: for a study to reintroduce bird species to a tropical
forest preserve.
National Science Foundation: to study macaques Macaca sinica in Sri Lanka.
Marine Mammal Commission: to study the social behavior of the Harbor Seal.
Schering Corporation: to analyze antibiotic treatment of exotic animals.
INDIVIDUALS
Mary B. Scheible
Dr. Ellinor H. Behre
Louisa B. Parker
Members of the Navy's Anti-Ship
Missile Defense Project
Hazel S. Mays
Ash Lawn
Various in memorium of
Dr. Paul Tamarkin
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 383
RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY
Donors of Financial Support Eppley Foundation
SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
Donors of Financial Support
Max. E. Fleishman Foundation Polaroid Foundation
SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Donors of Financial Support
The Henry B. and Grace Doherty Foundation
Exxon Corporation
Edward John Noble Foundation
HISTORY AND ART
ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART
Donors of Financial Support
$100 and above
Mrs. Don E. Ahrens
Mr. Arthur G. Altschul
Mr. and Mrs. Denton Anderson
Mr. and Mrs. Wendell W.
Anderson, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Louis C. Baker
Mr. Richard Brown Baker
Mr. W. M. Banks
Mrs. Harry A. Batten
Mrs. James H. Beal
Mrs. J. W. Beatman
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Benton
Mr. and Mrs. James A. Beresford
Mr. and Mrs. James Biddle
Mrs. Anne H. Bing
Mr. and Mrs. Theodore D. Birnkrant
Mr. and Mrs. H. Glenn Bixby
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Borman
Mrs. Rena Bransten
Mr. Charles L. Bricker
Mr. and Mrs. William W. Brown
Mr. J. Lawrence Buell, Jr.
Mrs. Helen R. Busch
Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Cafiero
Dr. and Mrs. Sidney E. Chapin
Mrs. Robert B. Clarke
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph F. Colin
Mr. Gardner Cowles
Mr. Trammell Crow
Miss Ruth Cumming
Mrs. Chester Dale
Mr. and Mrs. Keith Davis
Mrs. Maria M. de Medina
Mrs. Albert de Salle
Mrs. Amy Dobronyi
Mrs. Frederick E. Donaldson
Mr. James F. Duffy, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Saul H. Dunitz
Mr. and Mrs. George M. Endicott
Mr. Phil Esposito
Mr. Bayard Ewing
Mr. and Mrs. Walter W. Fisher
Mrs. Frederic C. Ford, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Marshall Fredericks
Mrs. John S. French
Dr. and Mrs. E. G. Fischer
Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence A. Fleischman
Mrs. Gilchrist Fletcher
Mr. B. H. Friedman
Miss Elizabeth H. Fuller
384 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mr. David L. Gamble
Mrs. Helen Getler
Gilman Foundation, Inc.
Mr. Howard Gilman
Mrs. Bernard F. Gimbel
Mr. and Mrs. Seth M. Glickenhaus
Mrs. James L. Goodwin
Mr. Alan L. Gornick
Mr. and Mrs. William T. Gossett
Mr. Charles M. Grace
Miss Frances A. Gray
Mr. and Mrs. Lester Gruber
Mrs. Marina Kellen Gundlach
Mr. Leo S. Guthman
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Haas
Mrs. Robert G. Hartwick
Mrs. Carleton C. Hascall, Jr.
Mrs. Raymond Hawtin
Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Heaton
Mrs. Barbara Whipple Heilman
Mrs. Horace S. Heim
Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Hickman
Mrs. George C. Hixon
Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz
Dr. and Mrs. J. Stewart Hudson
Mr. Frederick G. L. Huetwell
Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Hulings
Mr. and Mrs. James Humphry III
IBM Corp. Design & Arts Program
Mrs. Hepburn Ingham
Mrs. Harrison Ivancovich
Mrs. Augusta Jacobson
Mrs. Edward C. Johnson Foundation
Mrs. Henry C. Johnson
Mr. Alfred Winslow Jones
Mr. and Mrs. A. Frederick
Kammer, Jr.
Mrs. Virginia W. Kampf
Mr. and Mrs. Jacob M. Kaplan
Mr. and Mrs. Seymour Karbal
Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Karpel
Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Kellman
Mrs. Eugene Kingman
Mr. and Mrs. Gustav D. Klimann
Mrs. Patricia Knode
Mr. and Mrs. Harry L. Koenigsberg
Kriendler-Berns Foundation
Mrs. Roger Kyes
The Lachaise Foundation
Mrs. William D. Laurie, Jr.
Mr. Rensselaer W. Lee
Mr. Arthur D. Leidesdorf
Dr. and Mrs. I. H. Leopold
Mr. and Mrs. Harold Love
Mr. and Mrs. Russell Lynes
Mrs. James B. Mabon
Mrs. Elizabeth H. Maddux
Mrs. Percy C. Madeira, Jr.
Mrs. R. A. Magowan*
Mrs. Frederick C. Matthaei
Mrs. E. T. Meredith, Jr.
Drs. Paul and Laura Mesaros
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
Mrs. H. A. Metzger
Mr. Byron R. Meyer
Mr. and Mrs. Irving J. Minett
Mr. and Mrs. A. Minowitz
Dr. and Mrs. Coleman Mopper
Galeria Juana Mordo, S.A.
Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Murphy
Miss Emily Nathan
Mrs. Eldo Netto
Mr. and Mrs. Roy R. Neuberger
Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Nussbaum
Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Oroshnik
Mr. Alfonso A. Ossorio
The Pace Gallery of New York, Inc.
Mrs. Bliss Parkinson
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Perlmutter
Mr. and Mrs. H. Lynn Pierson
Mrs. Isabelle Polacheck
The Honorable and Mrs.
Leon B. Polsky
Mr. and Mrs. William J. Poplack
Mr. and Mrs. M. P. Potamkin
Mr. and Mrs. Albert B. Ratner
Mrs. Dorothy H. Rautbord
Mrs. Paul H. Reinhardt
Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Richardson
Mr. and Mrs. Chapin Riley
Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, 3rd.
Dr. and Mrs. Michael Rollins
Mrs. Madeleine H. Russell
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Scheuer
Dr. and Mrs. P. J. R. Schlessinger
Mr. and Mrs. Allan B. Schmier
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Schoenith
Mr. and Mrs. Alan E. Schwartz
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick A. Sharf
Mrs. Allan Sheldon III
Mr. and Mrs. Peter M. Shontz, Jr.
Signature Art Galleries, Inc.
The George M. & Mabel H. Slocum
Foundation
Mrs. J. Scott Smart
Mrs. Lawrence M. C. Smith
* James Smithson Society member.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 385
Mr. and Mrs. Emmett G. Solomon
Mr. and Mrs. Maury L. Spanier
Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Stanton
Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Steel
Mr. and Mrs. Mark C. Stevens
Mr. Stanford C. Stoddard
Mr. Philip A. Straus
Mr. and Mrs. John W. Stroh
Mr. Emmanuel Sulkes
Mr. and Mrs. A. Alfred Taubman
Mr. Eugene Victor Thaw
Mrs. Louis Tishman
Mr. and Mrs. Carsten Tiedeman
Mr. and Mrs. Lynn A. Townsend
Mrs. Hooper Truetner
Mrs. Nelson Urban
Mr. C. Carter Walker, Jr.
Ms. Suzanne Walker
Mrs. W. Clyde Ward
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Weinstein
Mr. and Mrs. Jerome M. Westheimer
Mr. and Mrs. R. J. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. Warren R. Woodward
Mr. Edward M. M. Warburg
Mr. and Mrs. William J. Young, Jr.
$500 and above
Mrs. Laura M. Bishop
Mrs. Ruth H. Brown
Mr. George P. Denny, Jr.
Mrs. Henry Hamilton Dewar
Mrs. Allan D. Emil
Mrs. George R. Fink
Mrs. Theodore E. Gordon
Mr. Harold E. Grove
Mr. Joseph H. Hirshhorn*
Mr. Donelson F. Hoopes
Mrs. Mary M. Hupfel
Miss Milka Iconomoff
The JDR 3rd Fund
Mr. and Mrs. John S. Judd
Mr. and Mrs. Sidney Katzman
$1,000 and above
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin A. Bergman
Mr. and Mrs. John L. Bradley
Mr. and Mrs. John L. Bunce
The Bundy Foundation
Dr. and Mrs. Irving F. Burton
Dr. and Mrs. Burrill Crohn
Mr. and Mrs. F. Arnold Daum
Davies Charitable Trust
Mr. and Mrs. Christian de Guigne
Mrs. Alfred C. Harrison
Benson and Edith Ford Fund
Mr. and Mrs. Walter B. Ford II
(Walter & Josephine Ford Fund)
Mr. and Mrs. William E. Friedman
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Glen
Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. Goldberg
Dr. and Mrs. Joseph R. Goldyne
Mr. and Mrs. F. Herbert Hoover
Mr. and Mrs. Albert A. List
Kennedy Galleries, Inc.
Mrs. Samuel C. Kohn
Mr. Earle Ludgin
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. McNeil, Jr.
Mrs. Henry Pearlman
Mrs. Cornelia Perry
Miss Shirley Polykoff
Mrs. Dana M. Raymond
Mrs. Edwin Rosenthal, Jr.
Mrs. Joseph Rubin
Mrs. Arthur A. Seeligson, Jr.*
Mr. Stephen Shalom
Mr. and Mrs. Roy W. Stevens
Mr. Mason B. Wells
Mrs. Guri Lie Zeckendorf
Athol McBean Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Manney
Mr. and Mrs. William A. Marsteller
Dr. and Mrs. Abraham Melamed
Mr. John F. Merriam
Mr. and Mrs. Dan Oppenheimer
Mr. William S. Picher
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Rubin
Mr. and Mrs. Carl L. Selden
Mr. and Mrs. Howard Smits
Mrs. Otto L. Spaeth
Stroh Brewery Foundation
Mrs. Richard H. Tyler
Mrs. Paul Wattis
Mrs. Osborne White
Mrs. Robert Ready Williams
The Wyeth Endowment
for American Art
James Smithson Society member.
386 / Smithsonian Year 1977
$5,000 and above
The Brown Foundation, Inc.
Mrs. W. Rodman Fay
Eleanor Clay Ford Fund
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert H. Kinney*
John A. McCarthy Foundation
McGregor Fund
Edward John Noble Foundation
Viola E. Bray Charitable Fund
Howard and Jean Lipman Foundation (Mr. and Mrs. William L. Richards)
$10,000 and above
Mr. Richard Manoogian
Matilda R. Wilson Fund
Donors to the Collections
Blake, Mrs. Doris H. : papers of Doris H. Blake and Sidney F. Blake
Boardman, Richard S. : taped reminiscences.
Brooks, Mrs. Robert A.: papers of Robert A. Brooks.
Buechner, Mrs. Helmut: papers of Helmut Buechner.
Buzas, Martin A.: taped reminiscences.
Cook, Peter G.: papers of Edwin A. Preble.
Evans, Clifford: taped reminiscences.
Givens, Earl and Stuart: 12-volume set of the Smithsonian Scientific Series.
Hobbs, Horton H. : taped reminiscences.
Kauffman, Erie G.: taped reminiscences.
Mann, Mrs. William: papers of William Mann.
Ray, G. Carlton: records of the Marine Mammal Program of the U.S.
International Biological Program.
Schmitt, Waldo L. : papers of Waldo L. Schmitt.
Whipple, Fred L. : papers of Fred L. Whipple
COOPER-HEWITT MUSEUM OF DESIGN
AND DECORATIVE ARTS
Donors of Financial Support ($1,000 and above)
ASID Educational Foundation
Mrs. Helen W. Buckner
Burlington Industries Foundation
CBS
Classical America
Mr. and Mrs. John A. Corroon
Eva Gebhard Gourgard Foundation
Janet A. Hooker Charitable Trust
Lucy Worthham James Memorial
— NY Community Trust
Donors of Works of Art
Mrs. Edward Armstrong
Mr. Fritz Bamberger
Mr. Will Barnet
Mr. Charles Baskerville
Miss Alice Baldwin Beer
Mr. Reynard Biemiller
Miss Julia Black
Mr. Robert Blaich
Lauder Foundation
The Magowan Family Foundation
Herman Miller
Margaret C. Miller
The Ohrstrom Foundation
Arthur Ross Foundation
Steelcase, Inc.
Stroheim & Romann
Mrs. Monroe Percy Bloch
Mr. Edmond Casarella
Mr. Christopher Castelli
Mrs. Stephen Claflin
Colonial Farmhouse Restoration Society
of Bellrose, Floral Park, N.Y.
Condotti, Ltd.
Mr. Allyn Cox
James Smithson Society member.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 387
Mrs. Wendell H. Cox
Mr. Freeman Craw
Defense Mapping Agency,
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Ismar David
Miss Alice DeLamar
Mrs. Barbara Orvis de Zalduondo
Ms. Barbara Dodsworth
Mr. Stan Dufford
Mr. Kenneth Duprey
Mr. Melvin Dwork
Mr. Robert Ebendorf
Mrs. Susanna Ebendorf
Mr. Richard Etts
Mr. Hal Fiedler
Mr. M. Roy Fisher
Mrs. J. A. Q. Franks
Friends of Drawings and Prints
Friends of Textiles Fund
Mrs. Cora Ginsberg
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Globus
Mrs. John L. Handy, Jr.
Mrs. Patricia G. Harris
Mrs. Allison Bisgood Harwood
Mrs. Frans van Heemstra
Mrs. Stanley Herzman
Mrs. Wayne Higby
Mr. and Mrs. Frederick D. Hill
Mr. Earle Hiscock
Miss Jane Howell
Mrs. John Jay Ide
Mr. Arata Isozaki
Dr. James P. Johnson
Johnson Wax Co.*
Mr. Alexander Karpilov
Mr. Robert C. Kaufmann
Mrs. Karen Johnson Keland
Mrs. Richard Koehne
Mr. Joseph Konopka
Mrs. Richard Kraus
Mr. Wanyne E. Kulessa
Lanerie Agnona
Jack Lenor Larsen, Inc.
Mrs. Camille Lehman
Mr. Davie Lerner
Ms. Riki Levinson
Mr. Simon Lissim
Mr. and Mrs. J. Russell Lynes
Mrs. Susan Martits
Mrs. William H. Mathers
Miss Dorothy Mathews
Mr. Roswell Miller*
Mrs. Charles Montgomery
Mrs. Gillian Moss
National Museum of Modern Art,
Tokyo, Japan
New York State Historical Society,
Cooperstown, N.Y.
New York School of Design, Library
Mr. Elliot Offner
Mr. Abraham Ostrow
Estate of Ella Ostrowsky
Mrs. Elizabeth Page
Mr. Charles Patterson
Mr. Charles S. Payson
Mr. Paul Peter Piech
Mr. James Prestini
Mr. W. G. Pulliam
Mr. Boguslav Raphael
Reed Wallpaper Company
Ronnie Lace Sales
Mrs. Howard J. Sachs
Mrs. George Salter
Mr. Karl Schrag
Mrs. Celia Siegel
Stanley Siegel Collection
Miss Helen Snyder
Mr. Milton Sonday
Miss Margaret Spader
Mrs. Lila Tyng
Mrs. Jeanette van Raalte
Mr. Thomas B. Van Steenbergh
Mrs. Clara Waldeck
Mrs. Marie Louise Wanner-Quarti
Miss Jena Weiss
Mrs. Joan Wheeler
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wiesenberger
(deceased)
Mrs. Russell Wise
Mr. John B. Wisner
Ms. Jeanyee Wong
Miss Honor Youngs
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Donors of Financial Support
The Chisholm Foundation
Felix and Helen Juda Foundation
The Midgard Foundation
John S. Thacher
Weatherhead Foundation
Ellen Bayard Weedon Foundation
* Pending.
388 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Donors to the Harold P. Stern Memorial Fund
The Chisholm Foundation
Carl S. Cohen
Naomi Dallen
Mr. and Mrs. Stanley J. Ellias
Garamond Pridemark Press, Inc.
Dorothy F. Hagberg
The Island Foundation
Richard W. Weatherhead
The Weatherhead Foundation
Donors to the Study Collection
Bryan, Clarence: Near Eastern Lustreware vase.
Department of Justice: Pair of six-panel Japanese screens by Tachibana
Tenkei.
Dobkin, Herman J.: Japanese painting, Self-Portrait of Priest Juin.
Jurow, Irving: Chinese pottery figurine and Chinese pottery marbleized tripod
with wooden cover.
Pope, John A. : Shards from the Far East.
Takashi, Yagioka: Japanese painting by Shunzan.
HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN
Donors of Works of Art
Mr. Joachim Jean Alberbach,
Old Westbury, New York
Batuz, Green Farms, Connecticut
Mr. and Mrs. Bernhard Bechhoefer,
Washington, D.C.
Mr. and Mrs. Leigh B. Block,*
Chicago, Illinois
Mrs. Michael Brenner,
New York, New York
Mrs. Rosalind Browne,
Naples, Florida
Mr. Arthur W. Cohen,
New York, New York
Mr. Thomas Evans,*
New York, New York
Mr. Edward Giobbi,
Katonah, New York
Harriet Griffin Gallery,
New York, New York
Mr. Joseph H. Hirshhorn,*
Naples, Florida
Leonard Hutton Gallery,
New York, New York
Dr. and Mrs. George A. Hyman,
New York, New York
Martha Jackson Gallery,
New York, New York
Louis K. Meisel Gallery,
New York, New York
Mr. Vincent Melzac,
Arlington, Virginia
Mr. Minoru Niizuma,
New York, New York
Mr. Max Protech,
Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Hans Richter,
Locarno, Switzerland
Mrs. Marion O. Sandler,
Oakland, California
Schoelkopf Gallery,
New York, New York
Smithsonian Resident Associates,
Washington, D.C.
Mr. William Scott III,
New York, New York
Mr. Bardyl R. Tirana,
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Eugene L. Vogel,
Washington, D.C.
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
Donors of Financial Support
Corning Glass Works Foundation
(Thomas Buechner)
R. Philip Hanes, Jr.
Bartlett H. Hayes
James Smithson Society member.
Thomas C. Howe
David Lloyd Kreeger,
Charitable Foundation
The Magowan Family Foundation
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 389
Mrs. Robert Magowan *
Margaret D. McKee
Paul Mellon
Charles E. Merrill Trust
Ogden Pleissner
Donors of Works of Art
Mr. and Mrs. William Howard Adams
Mrs. Elsie K. Belmont
Elizabeth C. Benton
Dr. and Mrs. Roy W. Benton
Brandywine Graphic Workshop
Mrs. Adelyn D. Breeskin
Dr. and Mrs. Canter
Mrs. Otis Chatfield-Taylor
Louis Cheskin
Mrs. Marion McLean Davis
Estate of George Demetrios
Mr. and Mrs. Dale Holbrook Dorn
Werner Drewes
Robert B. Frank
Beatrice Fenton
The Fursman Foundation
Wende and Geoffrey Gates
Thomas George
Mrs. Irma Goldbery
Mr. and Mrs. Red Grooms
Maurice Grosser
Lena Gurr
R. Philip Hanes, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. R. Philip Hanes, Jr.
Mrs. Richard L. Harkness
Susan Morse Hilles
Mrs. Jaquelin H. Hume
William Huntington
Martha Jackson Gallery
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Jager
Mrs. Marion Javits
Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Kainen *
Jacob Kainen *
Mrs. Morris Kantor
Mrs. Harry Katz
Mr. and Mrs. Louis Kaufman *
Mr. and Mrs. Julian Kaye
Mrs. Sidney Lawrence
George B. Tatum
Henry R. Traubitz
University of Chicago Club of
Washington
Otto Wittmann
Marjorie D. Martinet
Mrs. Robert B. Mayer
Mr. and Mrs. Kevin McCann
Frank McClure
Mrs. Roderick Mead
Vincent Melzac
George C. Miller and Son, Inc.
Jay Moon
Mrs. B. J. O. Nordfeldt
Estate of Ella Ostrowsky
Mrs. Jefferson Patterson *
Reverend De Wolf Perry
Albert M. Pitcher
Mrs. Elizabeth Pollock
Mrs. Charles Prendergast
Estate of Melville Price
Abraham Rattner *
Mrs. F. E. Reinert
The Honorable Nelson Rockefeller
Phyllis Rosen
Mrs. Edgar L. Rossin
Dr. James Rudel
Daisy Shapiro
Mrs. Mortimer Slotnick
Society of Washington Printmakers
William Speiller
Lou Stovall
Malby Sykes
Mr. and Mrs. George B. Tatum
Page Tigar
Mrs. Beulah Tomlinson
Washington Print Club
Mrs. Bessie Wenger
Robert O. Werlich
Woodward Foundation
Mahonri Sharp Young
The Zorach Children
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY
Donors of Financial Support
MISCELLANEOUS UNRESTRICTED GIFTS
American Military Institute
Belgian Embassy
Stover and Kaufman
United States Commission on
Military History
* James Smithson Society member.
390 / Smithsonian Year 1977
DOUBLEDAY LECTURE SERIES
Doubleday & Company, Inc.
DIVISION OF POSTAL HISTORY
Amos Press, Inc.
British Broadcasting Corporation
DIVISION OF NUMISMATICS
Amos Press, Inc.
DIVISION OF GRAPHIC ARTS
Gertrude Schweitzer
Mr. Vincent E. Hoffman
Mr. Sidney N. Shure
The Bass Foundation
DIVISION OF COSTUME AND FURNISHINGS
The Honorable Corinne C. Boggs Butterick Fashion Marketing Company
Mrs. Warren E. Burger
DIVISION OF CERAMICS AND GLASS
Mr. Henry Arnhold
Mr. and Mrs. John Mayer
DIVISION OF TRANSPORTATION
Mr. Donald H. Berkebile
National Railway Historical Society,
DIVISION OF MILITARY HISTORY
Colt Industries Charitable
Foundation, Inc.
HALL OF AMERICAN MARITIME ENTERPRISE
EXHIBITION
Brooks and Hope B. McCormick
Foundation
Dr. Hans Syz *
Washington, D.C. Chapter
Mr. John H. White
American Commercial Barge Line
Company
American Institute of Marine
Underwriters
Ashland Oil, Inc.
Bailey Coke Transport, Inc.
Bath Iron Works Corp.
Canal Barge Company, Inc.
Cargo Carriers, Inc.
Crowley Maritime Corp.
Delta Concrete Company
Dillingham Corp.
Dixie Carriers, Inc.
Joseph C. Domino, Inc.
Exxon Company, U.S.A., Marine
Department
General Electric Co.
General Stevedores, Inc.
Gladders Barge Line, Inc.
Professor George W. Hilton
Ingram Barge Company
S. C. Loveland Co., Inc.
The Ohio River Co.
Propeller Club of Ponce, Puerto Rico
C. J. Thibodeaux and Co.
The Tobacco Institute, Inc.
Union Mechling (Dravo)
Upper Mississippi Towing Corp.
The Valley Line Company
Womens Propeller Club, Port of
New York
Womens Propeller Club of the U.S.,
Port of Honolulu
James Smithson Society member
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 391
Friends of Music at the Smithso
Miss Catharine F. Absalom
Mr. Mark Adler
Mrs. Elaine Albright
Mrs. John W. Auchincloss
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Baks
Mr. and Mrs. William P. Bebbington
Mr. and Mrs. B. A. Bernard
Celeste Bettino
Miss Frances B. Bowen
Harold H. Bredell
Mrs. A. A. Brickhouse
Mrs. Percy W. Brown
Helen B. Burnham
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Cannon
Ms. Peggy Carrigg
Mr. and Mrs. George M. Carroll
Mr. and Mrs. Timothy W. Childs
Mrs. Winston Childs
Mrs. Beatrice Ciccarone
Mrs. Thomas K. Cline
Mr. and Mrs. George A. T. Donely
Henry D. Duarte
Benjamin S. Dunham
Mr. and Mrs. Robert J. T. Emond
Mrs. William Rodman Fay
Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Foehl
Dr. and Mrs. Rohert H. Furman
Paul E. Geier
Mrs. Isabella Grandin
Alfred M. Granum
Andrew Hamilton
Mrs. Elizabeth Verner Hamilton
Miss Martha B. Hancock
Charles C. Hart
Mrs. Charles E. Hewitt, Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. G. H. Himelhoch
Mrs. Ruby Moss Hopkins
Capt. E. E. Johnson
Emily W. Jones
Mr. and Mrs. John B. Jones, Jr.
Mrs. R. Keith Kane
Dr. and Mrs. Seymour Kaufman
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Keller
man
Rainer K. Kraus
Charlotte Y. Krever
Mr. and Mrs. James F. Lawrence
Miss Helen E. Levy
Mrs. James Mallory
Ella Jean Mark
Mrs. Joan Martens
Dr. and Mrs. Herbert C. Mayer
Dr. John Russell Mason
Miss Jean V. McGue
Capt. and Mrs. Roger E. Melick
Mrs. Loudon Mellen
Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Meyer
Mrs. Stephen V. C. Morris
Mrs. Martha A. Nelson
Forbes W. Polliard
Elizabeth Protti
Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence J. Radice
Mrs. Sylvia F. Rekoon
Miss Wilma Sain
Bernard L. Schleeter
Mr. and Mrs. William A. Shirer
Mr. and Mrs. Milton L. Shurr
Mrs. John Farr Simmons
Davidson Sommers
Mrs. Genevieve P. Sowa
Mrs. Francis A. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Stauber
Miss Bessie Stein
Steinway & Sons
Miss Mildred F. Stone
Mr. and Mrs. John Tebbel
Mr. and Mrs. Richard H. Thompson
Mrs. Allan H. Treman
Dr. Betty M. Twarog
Mr. and Mrs. Bronson Tweedy
Mrs. John A. Watts
Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Weber
Mr. and Mrs. John M. Wells
Adelaide R. Willis
Mrs. Keith S. Wilson
Barbara and Thomas Wolf
Donors to the National Collections
1977 Inaugural Committee (through Bardyl Tirana) : 30 objects associated
with the 1977 inaugural activities (1977.0461).
Mrs. Sarah Helen Abraham: 1 knife used for operation on President Garfield
and 1 set including hypodermic, flashlight, plate (part of door on Grant's
temporary tomb) (1977.0265).
Acacia Mutual Life Insurance Company (through Martin M. Weaver and
George R. Walter) : a collection of 119 items documenting an IBM 7070
and an IBM 1401 computer system used by the donor (1977.0456).
Adcraft Manufacturing Company (through Frank J. Sitzberger) : 19 buttons
392 / Smithsonian Year 1977
produced for the 1976 political campaign (1977.0262).
Rita J. Adrosko: doll, "Nanette," and rubber doll head (322704).
A-G-A Corporation (through Richard Malikowski) : 1 geodimeter, model 2
(321733).
Government of Aitutaki, Aitutaki Post Office, Postal Accounts (through the
Resident Agent's Office) : 3 mint souvenir sheets and 19 mint postage stamps
of Aitutaki (322738).
Honorable Carl Albert: 4 gavels with historical association and a photograph
portrait of donor (1977.0050).
G. Norman Albree: 3 circular calculating rules designed by the donor and
1 Japanese abacus (321674).
Richard M. Alden: 1 magnetic drum from an RW-300 computer (309502).
Elizabeth H., Mary Stewart and Richard H. Allen, Jr.: see Mrs. Eleanor Allan
Hanson.
Allcraft Tool and Supply Co., Inc. (through D. F. Shannon): 4 silversmith's
mallets and 8 silversmith's hammers (1977.0544).
Allen-Mitchell and Company (through Frank P. Mitchell) : matched pair of
steam engine indicators, and 1 other indicator (1977.0352).
John S. Alley: 2 annual reports of the Town Officers for West Tisbury,
Massachusetts. 1923 and 1927 (1977.0289).
Malcolm G. Allison: 1 working model of 6-inch naval deck gun, WWI, made
by the donor (1977.0096).
Mrs. Abbie Alston (through Mrs. James A. Mathews) : 2 glass catheters,
1 thermometer, 2 syringes with needles and cases, 2 IV clamps, 1 nozzle,
1 atomizer bulb, and 1 clamp (322660).
Dr. Ugo Amaldi: 1 scintillation hodoscope (1977.0531).
American Bank Note Company (through Oliver Lednicer) : 1 ruling machine,
1 pantograph, 1 stone press with litho stone transfer, 1 stone press —
transfer, and 1 rotary ruling machine (1977.0486).
American Bureau of Shipping (through Robert T. Young) : 1 copy of
Record of American and Foreign Shipping, 1870 (1977.0616).
The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (through Creston Herold) :
6 patent models including 2 artificial legs, 1 collapsible crutch, 1 prosthesis
— below elbow, 1 arm and forearm splint, and 1 wooden crutch (309032).
American Institute of Marine Underwriters (through Carl E. McDowell) :
2 brass stamps, 2 date stamps, 1 model of packet ship Underwriter,
1 insurance policy on sloop Katy 1792, and 1 insurance policy on
schooner Farmer 1788 (322690).
American Legion Post No. 73: 1 US National Flag, 13 star, 1860-1890
(1977.0348).
American Revolution Bicentennial Administration (through Richard Bain) :
1 Bicentennial Flag (1977.0081).
Mrs. H. Wilson Ames: See Ann F. Comm.
Mrs. Lorraine C. Anderson: 3 stoles, 3 purses, 1 pair of hatpins, 1 coat, 1
cloak, 1 shawl, 1 headband, 1 hat, and 1 lounging outfit (1977.0043).
J. D. Andrew, Jr.: 17 items of memorabilia pertaining to the Hog Island
Shipyard during WWI (1977.0003).
Annin & Company (through Walter P. Kelley) : 6 flags including Bennington
Flag, Betsy Ross, The Culpepper Minute Men, Bunker Hill Flag,
The Gadsden, and Pine Tree (1977.0035).
Anonymous: 1 boy's shirt, 1845-53 (320762); 1 man's suit (320857); 4,712
specimens including, from Venezuela: 4 classical covers, 385 used classical
postage stamps, 1603 mint classical postags stamps, and from Guinea:
2720 mint postage stamps (322750); 2,422 mint postage stamps of
Venezuela (322761).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 393
Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Assoc, (through James J. Whitsett):
collection of 246 miscellaneous bearings and parts (1977.0585).
Ann Antik in memory and to perpetuate the name of Marie Antik (through
Richard L. Spire II, Esq.): 24 textile and related items (1977.0161).
Bruno Antolini: 1 Democratic-Republican button (323443).
The Army Times Publishing Company (through Melvin Ryder and Robert E.
Schweitz): 3,206 US Army distinctive insignia, c. WWII (1977.0019).
Henry Arnhold: 2 Meissen cup and saucer sets, 1 set with Watteau
decoration and the other set with 2 landscapes (1977.0222).
Stanley Artrite: 2 copies of a composite portrait of the Presidents with
facsimiles of their signatures (1977.0130).
Colonel Whitney Ashbridge: 1 document "The Uniform Dress of the
Captains and Certain Other Officers of the Navy of the United States,"
August 27, 1802 (1977.0318).
Colonel Whitney and Mary G. N. Ashbridge: 1 pair of man's breeches and
2 woman's dresses (316364).
Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co. (through Harold A. Eckman) : 1 underwriting
desk (1977.0612).
Mrs. Katherine McCarthy Aumann: 2 pairs of woman's shoes, 1 pair of girl's
sandals, and 2 woman's hats (318992).
Reserve Bank of Australia: group of Australian specimen banknotes (320775).
Mrs. Lucille D. Ayres: guest ticket to the 1924 Democratic National
Convention (322726).
Waldemar A. Ayres: 1 calculator (310129).
Sydney J. Ayrey: 1 Lippincott steam engine indicator (1977.0353).
Mrs. Luzelle Sisk Babb (through Ida Love Taylor Jones, Judith W. Bebar,
Dr. Charles A. Remond) : 1 corner cupboard used in Tennessee, first half
of 19th century (1977.0124).
Mrs. Louise N. Baca: 1 Spanish "Jo.Lo.Ar" pistol (317940).
Mrs. Alice W. Badger: 3 19th-century American red earthenware mugs
(1977.0128).
Dr. and Mrs. Theodore L. Badger: 2 stoppered, glass ewers decorated with a
stenciled, enamel design of flowers and leaves (1977.0345).
Alice Crew Baker: Boy's dress, c. 1887 (322597).
Government of Barbuda, Philatelic Bureau, Post Office: 7 first day covers and
17 mint postage stamp of Barbuda (323587).
Mr. and Mrs. William H. Barnes: 9 glass negatives of Naval personnel and
Naval activities, c. 1900 (321686).
Joseph W. Barret, Jr.: 1 bottle of swamp-root (323634).
Charles L. Bartlett: 1 parlor center table with marble top, Belter type
(1977.0201).
Douglas Bashioum (through Michael Malloy) : 1 1-ounce bottle of mercury
(1977.0652).
Irma Batroh: 34 personal items of Michael Batroh including 1 personal diary
kept during WWI, 1 continuous service certificate in a leather case and 32
postcards of US and foreign scenes (321634).
Battle Creek Sanitarium Hospital (through Angela L. Bates, H. H. Hill, and
Vernon L. Small) : 2 Kellogg chairs, 1 vibrating chair, 1 spa glass, and
1 sinusoidal bath device (319025).
Mrs. Serena S. Baum: catalogue of ceramics, pictures, etc. (316331).
Bruce Bazelon: collection of 125 insignia dating from WWII through the
1960s (1977.0083).
Sarah Beach: 2 anti-Vietnam war protest posters painted by the donor
(1977.0267).
Beacon Terminal Corporation (through Sherman E. Weiser) : underwriter's
steam fire pump, Knowles (1977.0266).
394 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mrs. Marcia Humphreys Beat: 1 hand-tooled cowhide depicting events of
historical interest during the past 200 years (1977.0205).
Mrs. Mildred N. Beckert: see Mrs. Jean B. Thompson.
Mrs. Melba Trilli Beckner, Delmo F. Trilli, Guido P. Trilli: Pearl jobbing press
No. 11, manufactured by Golding & Co., Boston, circa 1900. Includes 6
rollers, 2 chases, and an inking fountain (1977.0066).
Clay P. Bedford: 1 English Collier flintlock revolver (1977.0271).
Virginia Beets: 1 book entitled . . . To Form A More Perfect Union with
subtitle Justice For American Women (323576).
Eugene F. Behlen: 1 loom, 1 spool rack, and 1 reel (1977.0141).
Edith A. and The Honorable Taylor G. Belcher: earthenware spittoon, US -1
(323616).
Mrs. Barbara Bell: 1 postcard photograph of President and Mrs. Harding and
1 photo of The Capitol in winter (1977.0424).
Mrs. Josephine T. Bell: 1 stained glass window made by W. H. Constable,
London, England, 1876 (323498).
Dr. Rosario Beauperthuy de Benedetti (through Alfred E. Grumwell) : Medal
honoring Dr. Louis Beauperthuy, the discoverer of the yellow fever vector
(323575).
Thomas M. Benner: 1 Davis and Kidder magneto electric machine (321651)
Steven M. Bergstein: 1 terrestrial telescope spyglass (322641).
City of Berkeley Police Department (through Elijah G. Roger): 1 Berkeley
Police Dept. "Lie Detector" (322715).
Berkshire International Corporation (through Donald R. Schwartz) : 27 pairs
of stockings and 2 stocking boxes (1977.0369).
Ann A. Bernatitus: the first Legion of Merit Medal ever awarded bv the
Armed Forces, presented to the donor during WWII, and associated items
including an enamel miniature of the medal, a blue leather case, a framed
citation for the medal signed by Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, and a
photograph of the donor at the time of award (321620).
Florence S. Berryman in memory of Clifford Berryman: 1 Teddy Bear pin and
124 original drawings of cartoons by Clifford Berryman (322733).
Gerald M. and Harriet B. Best: 1 plantation locomotive "Olomana," 1883
(1977.0647).
Dr. Laurence O. Binder: 34 photographs by Paul L. Anderson, 3 photographs
by others, 1 Kodak enlarger, 1 Kodak timer, 17 bottles of photographic
chemicals, 1 letter to Paul and Mollie Anderson, and 4 letters to Paul
Anderson (320680).
Bio-Design, Inc. (through Merrill Callum) : 1 Bio-Design ECG Transmitter
Model TX-100 (1977.034).
Mrs. William McC. Blair, Jr. : 4 woman's designer dresses, 2 woman's
designer ensembles, 1 woman's designer pantsuit, 1 woman's designer coat,
1 woman's designer dress with jacket, 1 woman's designer suit,
1 woman's designer blouse, 5 pairs of woman's shoes, .2 woman's designer
hats, 3 woman's purses (323581).
Charles Blitzer: 1 first day cover and 1 presentation folder of the American
Revolution Bicentennial postage stamp of India (322757).
Mrs. Sam Blodget: fiberglass souvenir from 1939 World's Fair (1977.0454).
Mrs. Reba Harden Bloom: 1 clear colorless glass pitcher engraved with a
portrait of a dog and an inscription (323611); 9 piece desk set, and 1
household receipt book c. 1890's (1977.0197); 1 form letter and 1 envelope,
portions of which were typed on the typewriter at the Philadelphia
Centennial Exposition (1977.0340).
Jean B. Bloombergh: 1 photograph of Dr. Mary Edwards Walker, Civil War
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 395
Surgeon and only woman ever to win the Congressional Medal of Honor
(1977.0564).
Alfred Bloomingdale: collection of cartoons referring to Diners Club credit
cards (320774).
Board of Underwriters of New York (through Carl E. McDowell and S. A.
Fain) : the first 6-minute books from the Board of Underwriters of New
York, 1 seal of the National Board of Marine Underwriters, and 1 oil
portrait of William Nielson (1977.0639).
The Honorable "Lindy" Boggs: 5 objects relating to the donor and her
chairing the Democratic National Convention (1977.0001).
Dr. Russell V. Bowers: 1 ceramic penicillin culture pot (1977.0654).
Doris M. Bowman: 1 red damask tablecloth, 1 wool work mat, and 1 spool
rack (1977.0475).
Mrs. A. J. Brachman: 2 suits, 2 pairs of shoes, and 1 jacket (319887).
Colonel Robert D. Branagan: specialized series of "Barter Units" scrip issued
by the United States Army Headquarters Command Barter Center in
Frankfurt-Main, Germany 1946-1948. (1977.0416).
M. Lelyn Branin: 27 examples of Warne and Letts kiln furniture
(archeological fragments) (1977.0165).
Banco Central do Brasil: Brazilian ten-cruzeiros silver coin, 1975. (323633).
Mrs. G. A. Brelin: 1 woman's coat 1927, by Hattie Carnegie.
Charles B., Col. John E., Paul N. and William H. Bridge: see Ann F. Comm.
(1977.0047).
Arthur Broaddus: see Mildred E. Cooke.
Brodhead-Garrett Co. (through Thomas K. Rogers) : 2 sculptor's hammers
(1977.0545).
Brookhaven National Laboratory: atomic beam apparatus (318942).
Brookstone Company (through Susan Glover) : 1 brass mallet and 1
carpenter's mallet (1977.0546).
Estate of J. Louis Browning (through Virgil V. Shoop) : 1 tall clock, c. 1850
(1977.0350).
Franklin R. Bruns, Jr.: 1,316 mint and used postage stamps and commercial
covers of the world (1977.0231).
Captain Charles E. Brush: 1 Keuffel and Esser duplex slide rule with extra
index (1977.0370).
Claudia K. Brush: 1 curtain stretcher (1977.0133).
Mrs. Richard B. Buchanan: 1 pressed glass cruet with gilded decoration
(1977.0381).
Mrs. Lynn Buck: 8 unfinished silver objects, 2 pressboard templates, and 2
pencil on paper designs all made by Dwight Dillon (1977.0123).
Honorable Warren E. Burger: printer's proof of the Court's opinion and sep-
arate opinions in the "Buckley" case (321725).
Helen S. Burlingham: 1 souvenir spoon (322703).
Burlington Northern (through A. M. Rung): 1 locomotive gage lamp
(1977.0493).
R. Le Gette Burris: 1 piece of satirical money, 2 campaign medalets,
1 memorial medalet (1977.0254); 52 US commemorative medals and US
store cards (1977.0418).
Postal Administration of Burundi, Philatelic Agency: 57 mint postage stamps
of Burundi (323590).
Frank A. Butterfield: 1 19th-century brace (1977.0059).
California Conservationists for Jimmy Carter (through Robert Caughlan) :
1 campaign T-shirt and 2 campaign buttons, supporting Jimmy Carter
for President (323637).
Camden County Historical Society (through Mrs. Margaret Weatherly) :
396 / Smithsonian Year 1977
1 Confederate flag captured from the picket boat Le Compte during the
Civil War (321653).
Government of Canada. Operational Services (through G. M. Sinclair):
10 postal cards of Canada with first day cancellations, issue of 1974
(1977.0057).
Leopoldo Cancio: 2 bronze medals commemorating the coronation of
King Juan Carlos I (1977.0442).
Clifford A. Carpenter: audio tape of the history of Quaker Hill narrated by
Lowell Thomas (1977.0229).
Mrs. Miriam H. Carson in memory of David Carson IV and Miriam
Elizabeth Carson Weymouth: 1 pair of lingerie clips, 1830-1849 (319963).
David, Leigh and Woodbury Carter: 24 weapons (322669).
Dennis L. Carter: 1 summer National Park Service ranger hat with hat band
(1977.0326).
Frederick Casoni: 1 T-shirt worn in Plains, Georgia, November 2, 1976,
1 newspaper See How They Ran from Republican Convention and
1 press pass identification (Carter-Mondale Campaign) (1977.0053).
Robert M. Caver: one piccolo clarinet (323574).
CBS News Information Services (through Marcia Stein) : 2 Democratic
National Convention news coverage broadsides and 4 photographs of
CBS newsmen (1977.0042).
Rudy and Gary Cervantes: 1 necktie, "Ford in 76" (323537).
Dr. David Challinor: 1 mathematical exercise book (322685).
Charles Products, Inc. (through Mr. and Mrs. Charles Feingersh) :
2 bookkeeping machines (304212).
Constance M. Charnley (through Mrs. Patricia W. Brown) : lantern which hung
in a New York residence to celebrate the truce at the end of the Civil War
(322632).
Daniel K. E. Ching: 3 circular horseshoes (1977.0644).
F. A. Christensen: earthenware saucer dish manufactured by Pope-Gosser,
Ohio (1977.0007).
Circle Gallery, Ltd. (through Ralph M. Rehbock) : 1 collotype of Norman
Rockwell's painting The Problem We All Live With (323504).
Mrs. Elvira Clain-Stefanelli: pair of dies for Aureus with portrait of Emperor
Lucius Verus and related items (1977.0384); pair of dies for Aureus with
portrait of Herennia Etruscilla, wife of Trajan Decius (A.D. 249-251), and
related items (1977.0385); pair of dies for Aureus with portrait of Herennia
Etruscilla, wife of Trajan Decius and related items (1977.0386); pair of dies
for Sestertius with portrait of Emperor Vitellius and related items
(1977.0387).
Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli: pair of dies for Aureus with portrait of Geta and
Caracalla and related items (1977.0382); pair of dies patterned after
medallion portraying Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Commodus and related
items (1977.0383); pair of dies for Aureus of the Roman Emperor Commodus
and related material (1977.0430); pair of dies for Aureus portraying Carinus
and related items (1977.0431); pair of dies for Aureus portraying the
Usurper Laelianus and related material (1977.0432).
Charles L. Clapp: 1 Massachusetts delegation badge to the Republican
National Convention and 1 ribbon "Ford/Richardson" (1977.0591).
Clark Brothers Bolt Co., Inc. (through Wesley B. Scott) : shipping label,
1876 Centennial (316495).
Nanette Clark and Marianne O'Toole: 1 Liberty Bell freedom watch
(1977.0529).
Robert S. Clark: 164 U.S. Navy Aviation Cadet, Midshipmen Aviator and
Enlisted uniforms and uniform items, 1934-61 (1977.0245).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 397
Rosamond Clark: a baby comb 1880-1882, girl's hair ornament 1895-1900,
and a ribbon 1890-1895 (320761).
Mrs. Jessie B. Cleveland: 1 doll house resembling the White House, 1893-1897
(1977.0140).
Jeffrey M. Clyman: 1 US Navy regulation inflatable life jacket, WWII
(1977.0195).
Barbara J. Coffee: 2 posters used in the 1974 D.C. primary election for
Walter Washington and Anton Wood (1977.0594).
Mrs. Bertrand W. Cohn: 1 woman's coat, 1 woman's designer dress, and the
box for the dress (322625).
Mrs. Rosalee Cohn: 1 Sevres cup and saucer c. 1754, 1 Copenhagen plate from
Flora Danica service, and 1 Worcester saucer c. 1765-1775 (1977.0016).
Coin Clubs of Guam: 4 commemorative medals, presentation set no. 5, issued
by the Coin Clubs of Guam, 1972 (1977.0443).
P. H. Colgan: 1 1973 policy on schooner Fly, and 2 photos of Old Albany
Insurance Co. office (1977.0625).
Elda Ilene Collins: 1 pink glass cane and 2 clear glass canes (1977.0590).
Herbert R. Collins: 50 items including newspapers, magazines, bumper
stickers and other political memorabilia (1977.0085); 2 posters entitled
"Truckers Ask Why Does Nixon Play in Oil Shortages?" and "Truckers
Ask Why Capped Domestic Oil Wells?" (1977.0494).
Republic of Colombia, Asesora Tecnica Filatelica, Jefe de Relaciones Publicas,
Administracion Postal Nacional (through Beatriz Pantoja de Gil): 2 souvenir
sheets, 17 postage stamps, and 46 first day covers from Colombia (322766).
The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (through Carlisle H. Humelsine) :
523 textiles and textile-related objects (321804).
Ann F. Comm, Mrs. H. Wilson Ames, Charles B. Bridge, Col. John E. Bridge,
Paul N. Bridge, William H. Bridge, Charles R. Comm, and J. Tyler Redd
(through Ann F. Comm) : 1 elephant tusk scrimshawed with African scenes
by an American sailor and presented to Paymaster Horatio Bridge, USN in
the 1850s (321616).
Commercial Union Assurance Cos. (through Henry S. Stone and Carl R.
Mitchell): 1 Oriental rug and 1 coat rack (1977.0634).
Computer Medical Science Corp (through Christopher Andries) : 4 models of
electronic stethescopes (322621).
Donald B. Coney: peanut bag, phonograph, piece of cloth, wooden disc, and
miscellaneous political buttons (1977.0487).
Mr. and Mrs. Howard Conklin, Jr.: Watson's van Heurck Model Microscope
with accessories and wooden case (319051).
Government of Cook Islands, Ministry of Posts, Philatelic Bureau: 41 mint
postage stamps, 17 mint souvenir sheets, and 20 first day covers all from
the Cook Islands (32358^).
Richard W. Cook: 2 pamphlets entitled Members of the Interparliamentary
Party on its Tour of the United States as Guests of the Nation and Tour of
the Interparliamentary Union (1904) /General Programme of the Tour
(1977.0306).
Mildred E. Cooke and Arthur Broaddus: 1 pair of glass candlesticks in
crucifix form (1977.0360).
Bernice Abbott Cope: 2 chemises, 2 brassieres, 2 handkerchiefs, 1 pair of
stockings, 1 pair of shoes, 1 pair of garters, 1 wedding dress, 1 slip,
1 nightgown, 1 robe, 1 sash, 1 hair ornament, and 1 hat (318018).
Mrs. Frances C. Corcoran: 1 china head doll owned by Esther Cleveland
(1977.0134).
Jacques H. Cornet: 2 pairs of woman's sandals, 1 pair of man's shoes, and a
woman's headpiece (322728).
Robert L. Cox: razor, made by Alex Fraser & Co. (316496).
398 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mrs. Esther L. Crampton: 1 trigonometric calculating instrument designed by
Frank A. and Theodore H. M. Crampton, and other items associated with
Frank A. Crampton's designs (317954).
Francis Richard Crawford: 2 reproduction bowie knives with sheaths (320007).
CTP Industries, Inc. (through Arnold L. Silberman) : 4 shopping bags with
political campaign messages (1977.0332).
Carole Ann Cullum: 146 political buttons concerning anti-Vietnam War
protests, impeachment of Nixon, various radical causes, Shirley Chisholm
campaign buttons, economic protests, women's rights, gay activism, and
black rights (1977.0674).
Field Curry: 37" section of crude oil pipeline (1977.0693).
Government of Cyprus (through His Excellency Ambassador Nicos G.
Dimitriou) : 9 mint souvenir sheets and 232 mint postage stamps of Cyprus
(323553); six first day covers of Cyprus honoring America's Bicentennial
(1977.0018).
Mrs. Ruth M. Dale: 3 Jenny Lind related items, an ambrotype, a facsimile
ticket from a concert, and a program of her music sung by Frieda Hempel
in 1925 (322642).
Dana Productions (through Albert Saparoff) : 1 film, Presidential Campaigns
and the Influence of Music (1977.0014).
The Danbury Mint (through Robert P. Capria and Ward J. Strausser) : 1 gold
Presidential Inaugural medal and 1 10 kt. edition of the 1977 gold
Presidential Inaugural medal, with certificate and display case (1977.0406).
George A. David: 1 early 20th-century German veterans banner from
Richterich (317961).
Esther Buck Davis: girl's dress, 1870-1871 (316430).
Reba Deal: 1 t-shirt with slogan "U. S. Female" and 1 bumper sticker with
slogan "Think Professional/Hire Women" (1977.0663).
Mrs. Linda Hicks Deftos and H. Munson Hicks, Jr.: 3 ambrotypes and
10 daguerreotypes (322617).
Mrs. Elizabeth Degenhart: commemorative plate, 2 copies of "The Degenhart
Glass Story", and newspaper clippings of the Degenhart Glass art day
(322734).
Marvin C. Demler: 22 watercolor paintings showing various official American
flags (1795-1912) with bearers in service uniforms or contemporary civilian
dress, painted by Edward C. Kuhn (321805).
Kingdom of Denmark, Ministry of Public Works: 10 mint souvenir sheets of
Denmark, 70 mint postage stamps of Faroe Island, and 265 mint postage
stamps of Denmark (322752).
Roy James and Lula M. Dennison: 9 illustrated envelopes of the United States
for the period 1953 through 1968 (323554).
Irwin Dermer: 6 color photo-lithographs with 6 original transparencies
(323516).
Ethel M. Dewey: 1 certification of duty, 1 notification of pension claim, and
1 envelope cover (1977.0482).
Barbara Dickstein: 1 woman's dress, designer, 1970 (323607).
Robert C. Diefenbach: 1 booklet, A Guide to Your Television Appearance
(1977.0327).
William Dixon Company (through William Vance) : 1 silversmith's mallet and
4 silversmith's hammers (1977.0547).
Professor W. L. Dominy: Marchant ACT10M Calculator (1977.0605).
David Donaldson: free blown vase signed on side "David Donaldson 1973
MFA Show" (1977.0017).
R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. (through Frank Hoell, Jr.) : 7 reproduction
Revolutionary War Engravings, battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775
(316387).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 399
Mrs. Gladys C. Dougherty: card file box (318953); woven ribbon calendar
for 1944 (1977.0104); 1 German porcelain pitcher decorated with
polychrome flowers (1977.0479); 1 pressed glass vase ornamented with
floral motifs (1977.0154).
Bruce Douglas: Keuffel and Esser Log Log Duplex Vector Slide Rule (321673).
Doulton and Company, Inc. (through Robert J. Saving): 3 bone china
military fiures representing Revolutionary War soldiers (1977.0159).
Government of Dubai, General Post Office, Philatelic Section: 32 mint
postage stamps of Dubai (322753).
Mrs. Evelyn R. Dumaine: 2 Centennial ticket passes (322702).
Virginia McK. and Commander A. W. Dunne Jr.: 5 photo albums depicting
the Naval career of Commander A. W. Dunn, Jr. USN. (321640).
Robert R. Dwelly: 2 sets of 2-volume books on marine insurance and 9 books
on marine insurance and shipping (1977.0611).
E.R.A. Central (through Carolyn Noonan Parmer and Sonia McCallum) :
16 items relating to the ratification of the equal rights amendment in
Illinois (1977.0316).
John I. H. Eales: 3 belt plates (322651).
Lester W. Ebbets (through Carol Gronquist): 1 Underwood revolving hand
duplicator (1977.0581).
W. F. Eberth: 1 Remington Rand calculator with instruction manual (319872).
Mrs. Ellis E. Eckland: 1 canteen worker's uniform belonging to Miss Emily
Yardley (1977.0137).
Mrs. Flossie N. Edler: glass container that held the pen used by President
Wilson to sign to bill establishing the National Park Service (322778).
Mr. Duncan L. Edwards: Silver tea pot by Barent Ten Eyck, Albany,
New York, c. 1732. (1977.0770).
Eisai Company, Ltd. (through Mr. Yuji Naito) : 6 patent medicine posters
(311681).
Parke F. Engle: 1 pair of WWI service shoes (323562).
Estwing Tools (through Norman Estwing and Bob Youngren) : 1 plastic
mallet, 1 electrician's hammer, 1 shingler's hammer, and 1 carpenter's
framing hammer (1977.0548).
Ethyl Corporation (through A. E. Huffman) : 1 Brush runabout auto, 1912,
and 1 extra engine for same (323572).
Paul Evans: 3 porcelain vases (321809).
Ex-Cell-O Corporation, Viso Corporation (through Farno L. Green) :
1 radioisotope camera for diagnostic x rays (1977.0464).
Richard H. Eyde: 6 mint postage stamps of the German Democratic
Republic (322760).
Mrs. Dorothy C. Faulkner: earthenware (faience) box with screw cover,
Spain, Alcora, ca. 1775 (323569).
Henry Faul: 17 items of glass having uranium content (320798).
Craig R. Feinberg: 1 first aid kit (313297).
Mrs. Dorothy Dysart Fellers: 1 Italian Beretta semiautomatic pistol,
1 U.S. submachine gun and 1 Filipino native-made breechloading,
smoothbore gun (1977.0371).
John T. Fesperman: chamber organ by Eben. Goodrich, Boston (1977.0187).
Mrs. Edwin A. Finn: 1 woman's hat, 1949 (316504).
Fireman's Fund American Insurance Cos. (through Edward O. Scharetg) :
1 chart of the Irish coast (1977.0609).
C. W. Fishbaugh: 3 National Recovery Act objects including a window
display card, the Iowa seal, and a tag (1977.0034).
Irene J. Fisher: woman's suit, 1947, and woman's hat, 1939 (318991).
Nancy S. & William J. Flather III: Chinese export porcelain plate (1977.0044).
Norm Flayderman: 3 boxes of late 19th-century saddle nails (323600).
400 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Drs. Anne B. and John R. Fletcher in memory of Mrs. Anne Bosshard:
117 bookbinding tools (1977.0565).
The Honorable Hiram L. Fong: 1 Hawaiian muumuu and 1 aloha shirt
(1977.0338).
Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ford: dress and accessories of Elizabeth B. Ford.
Accessories include muslin pattern for the dress, a bra, a pair of white
cotton gloves, and a string of cultured pearls. (321732).
Forrest Mountaineering Ltd. (through John Cooley and William E. Forrest) :
1 monutaineer's hammer (1977.0549).
John O. and Gretchen Fox: 4 pieces of ingrain carpeting, with large-scale
stylized floral patterns in a variety of room sizes (1977.0127).
Albert E. Frank: 1 pair man's shoes, 1940, and 1 man's overcoat, 1947
(322601)
Mrs. Dona J. Frank: 2 sunflower fans and 1 badge used at the Republican
National Convention in Kansas (1977.0051).
Rudolph D. Franklin: 1 wood carving, 1 Astrology sidereal calculator,
1 Astronomy sidereal plotter, chart and drawing forms, protractor, reading
mask, partial written instructions, and calculator markers for plotting and
reading (318929).
Mrs. Mary Louise Freeburger: glazed ceramic dish with kewpie decals
(320693).
Freese Mortgage Company Inc. (through Milton R. McMormick) :
1 Underwood Sundstrand bookkeeping machine with stand (304121).
Mrs. Katherine Fries: 1 porcelain plate made by the Onondaga Pottery
Company in Syracuse, New York (323598).
Charles H. Fritts: 1 "Free D.C." name tag and 1 bumper sticker (1977.0204).
John A. Frye Shoe Company, Inc. (through R. D. Weeks) : 1 pair of
woman's boots, 1975 (318926).
L. Thomas Frye: 1 absentee ballot, 1 metal "marker," 1 instruction sheet,
and 1 pamphlet of bilingual ballot instructions for absentee voting in the
state of California (1977.0036).
J. J. Fuller Manufacturing Company (through J. J. Fuller) : 1 high striker
mallet (1977.0550).
Florence Yarnall Fullerton: 1 child's Boston rocking chair (323496).
Alan Galer: 1 phonograph record of Margaret Woodrow Wilson singing The
Star Spangled Banner (1977.0376).
Mrs. Eilleen G. Galer: woman's dress, shoes and hat, man's shirt, 2 shirt
collars and collar stud (310014).
Cyrus Galletto: 1 WWII European theater of operations jacket (1977.0313).
Stephen L. Garber: wafer iron with eagle design (20815).
Arthur W. Gardner: 2 woman's fans, 1840-1860 and 1890-1910 (320766).
Gardner-Denver Company (through D. G. Homan and L. L. Leigh): 1 Gardner
governor (1977.0354).
Garfinckel's (through William C. Detwiller) : porcelain figure of a horse,
"Spirit of Freedom," 1976, by Burgues. (322606).
Goldie Damewood Garman: 1 crocheted picture, white cotton, "The Spirit
of St. Louis", made in 1928 by donor, filet work (323524).
Carl W. Gatter: 2 curtain tiebacks (318972).
Charles L. Gauthier: 1972 Republican National Convention license plate
(1977.0407).
Mrs. Harriett P. Gay: English earthenware part service, "shell pattern,"
38 pieces (1977.0404).
Mrs. Hector D. Gellerson (through John P. Gellerson) : 1 US M-2 carbine
conversion kit (320048).
General Sportcraft Company (through Lawrence J. Gazlay and Harvey Kane) :
1 croquet mallet (1977.0551).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 401
Mrs. Marlys C. Gibbons: toy train set, includes locomotive, tender, baggage
car, flat bed car, caboose, turntable, bridge, 2 bridge ramps, track turnouts,
2 curved track sections, and a straight track section (322701).
Mrs. Cora Ginsburg: 1 white linen damask napkin (1977.0476).
Paul Linwood and Evelyn May Gittings: 1 portfolio of photographs and
essays and 1 cassette tape (323617).
Myron Glaser: model of the Scripps-Howard lighthouse (321679).
Joseph A. Godlesky: 1 spokeshave, 2 routers, and 24 planes (322670).
Craddock R. Goins: 8 used postage stamps of Hungary (1977.0108).
Norris W. Goldsmith: 1 carpenter's level with plumb (1977.0126).
E. J. "Gunny" Gonzales: 43 xeroxed, typed and handwritten materials
regarding the voting rights and laws in Alabama (1977.0344).
Barbara B. Goodman: 4 books of matches (323636).
Green Duck Corporation (through Elliott Sklar) : 9 Carter/Ford campaign
objects including 4 buttons, 2 key chains, 2 lapel pins, and 1 pin
(1977.0041).
Dr. Mary Eloise Green: collection of 1,284 canning jars and food preservation
devices (322793).
Stanley J. Green: eight-keyed German flute by Ernest Challier (1977.0152).
H. Edward and Ruth Greene: 1 early 20th-century barber pole (322655).
Howard F. Greene: 1 glass globe with foot (1977.0335).
Mrs. Mary B. Greer: 2 homemade posters used at the 1976 G.O.P. Convention
in Kansas City, Missouri (323635).
Genevieve Gremillion: air letter sheet of Great Britain with Christmas design
(1977.0247).
Peter S. Grinnell: man's wrap, overcoat, 1931 (316455).
Mr. and Mrs. Robert N. Groh: 1 expo watch camera, 1 Adisco stereo viewer,
1 clergy shur-fire flash gun, 3 empty bottles flash powder, 1 empty bottle
flash caps, and 1 14" auxiliary flash pan (322643).
Anna Grum: 1 man's vest, 2 brooches, 2 pendants, 1 necklace, and 1 ring
(313176).
Erma G. Guerin: 1 doll, "Dinah" (323639).
Mrs. Dorothy Van Ness Gufler: 1 porcelain cup and saucer, German,
Meissen c. 1735 (1977.0158).
M. Eugenie Guilmette: 161 personal effects of Thomas C. Dudley, U.S.N.
(1977.0186).
Dona Guimaraes: coverlet, red and white, 1876 Centennial (317831).
Government of the Republic of Guinea, Agence Philatelique de la Republique
de Guinee: 51 mint postage stamps of Guinea (322763).
C. R. Gutermuth in memory of Bessie Horm Gutermuth: woman's wrap,
mantle, 1875-1899 (322627).
Hudson Hagglund: 7 trunnion sleeve pins from the continental gunboat
Philadelphia 1776 (321664).
William E. Hague: 87 pieces of presidential glass (322772).
Catherine O. and Charles E. Hall: 1 oil tank and pump (1977.0645).
Nathaniel A. and Bonnie Geneva Hallcom: 5 pairs of man's stockings, 2
man's coats, 1 man's suit, 1 pair of man's shoes, 1 pair of woman's shoes,
1 pair of earrings, and 3 sets of jewelry (318917).
Katherine M. Halle: 2 pieces of fabric, 1930 (323594).
Halston Originals (through Jerry Uchin and Murray Kagle) : 2 woman's
dresses, 1972, 1 woman's blouse, and 1 sweater, 1972-1974 (308161).
Henry Hamelly: 10 1974 US first day covers, 23 1975 US first day covers, and
6 1976 US first day covers (322744).
Dr. Gloria M. Hammack: Appalachian dulcimer (256310).
Hammel, Riglander and Co., Inc. (through Seymour Dule and E. J. Renz) :
1 silversmith's pear shaped mallet (1977.0552).
402 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Mrs. Josephine Rowell Hanna: 1 suit, 1 tie, 2 hats, 2 pairs of stockings,
1 pair of shoes, 1 pair of gloves, 1 bag, 2 dresses, 1 pair of panties,
1 brassiere, 1 slip, and 1 nightgown (317914).
Mrs. Eleanor Allan Hanson, Elizabeth H. Allan, Mary Stewart Allan, and
Richard H. Allan, Jr. in memory of James Allan: 1 tall clock made by
E. Howard & Company, c. 1855-1859 (1977.0507).
George Harkness, III: 2 pieces of "Democratic Wild Cat Money" (1977.0203).
Charles C. Harris: 3 radio receivers, 1 loud speaker, and 1 power supply
(1977.0521).
The Harris Corporation (through Brendan P. O'Donnell and Richard J.
Cormon) : the first Harris El Press, 1896 (1977.0298).
James A. Hart: 3 reproduction belt plates, 3 pairs of collar insignia, and
1 Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot box (314641).
The Hartford Insurance Group (through Russell L. Burnham) : 1 print
Burning of the 'Austria' (1977.0624).
Julia P. Harvey: pin, dated 1876 (318013).
Alexander Haskins: Teagle loudspeaker adapter (1977.0523).
John Hazard, M.D.: 1 western Maryland railroad station bench (1977.0643).
Edward L. Hedlund: 4 photographs of Fleet Admiral William F. Halsey,
1946 (319040).
Mrs. Orva Walker Heissenbuttel: 3 pressed glass cup plates, 1975 (323499).
Mrs. Hazel M. Henn: 6 items belonging to Cynthia Westover Alden including
1 book Bushy, coral jewelry in a lacquered box, a memorial card, a letter
from John Alden, and xeroxes of article on Mrs. Alden (1977.0118).
Stephen M. Henry: 2 reproduction Civil War type belt plates (1977.0031).
Agnes M. Herbst: 1 woman's cape, 1 woman's muff, and 1 pair of woman's
cuffs all from the period 1860-1890 (316501).
William E. Heritage: 2 Carter campaign buttons (1977.0280).
Bayard Brooks Herrick: man's overcoat, 1938 (317884).
Herman Herst, Jr.: 1 postman's official badge of the 19th century (322745).
H. Munson Hicks, Jr.: see Mrs. Linda Hicks Deftos.
Mrs. Jean M. Hill: see Mrs. Harriet F. Margolies.
Herbert Hinsenkamp: dairy house pump (1977.0236).
Edward P. Hock: 1 cacheted cover "Pony Express Rider" dated January 29,
1975, issued in honor of the annual celebration (323558).
Mrs. Doris G. Hoffman (through Sigmund Rothschild): 1 surveying aneroid
barometer (1977.0058).
Donald Hoke: 1 packet of 6 hat pins (323494); 1 Star-Rite vibrator
(1977.0666).
Mr. and Mrs. Julius U. Hoke (through Donald R. Hoke): 1 flushing-rim
hopper, J. A. Vogel (1977.0537).
Hans Hollein: 1 log inspector's hammer (1977.0562).
The Hollerith Family: Keyboard punches, a counter, patents and other
documentation pertaining to Herman Hollerith's inventions, and related
materials preserved by his son, Herman Hollerith, Jr. (1977.0114);
2 electrotypes and 1 mechanical pencil associated with Herman Hollerith
and preserved by his son, Herman Hollerith, Jr. (1977.0503).
George B. Holloway: 1 US National 13 star flag, later 1800s (320058).
Jon Holtzman: collection of 169 "ancient and medieval coins," struck off dies
made by Carl Wilhelm Becker, a.d. 1772-1830 (1977.0413).
Paul Holtzman: collection of 452 Roman bronze and billon coins struck at
Alexandria, Egypt (320708).
The Home Insurance Company (through John H. Washburn and Richard L.
Doyle) : 2 framed prints, Exchange Place and Steamboat Wharf, and 1 book,
Marine Insurance in Philadelphia (1977.0623).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 403
Sharon Lee and Herbert J. Honecker, Jr.: white woven counterpane made of
cotton (322677).
H. Earl and Miriam U. Hoover: worldwide collection of philatelic items
consisting of 180,867 specimens (1977.0692).
Hopkinton "Happy Bicentennial America" Committee (through Nathan G.
Kaye) : 1 autographed reproduction of certificate presented to President
Gerald R. Ford by the donor (323512).
Barbara E. Horsky: 1 box containing thread, "WM Barbour & Sons, Lisburn,
Ireland" (320694).
Mrs. Marie R. Hosea: 1 woman's veil, 1 man's pocketbook, and 1 man's
scarf (316513).
Mrs. Pauline Calendine Howard: 1 pair of woman's shoes, c. 1940 (318985).
Dr. Richard H. Howland: 1 invitation to the inauguration of Walter
Washington (1977.0484); letter about the 1876 Centennial (317829).
Gilbert D. Hurd: 6 high frequency electrodes including surface, rectal,
vaginal, nasal, throat, and urethral, 1 surface comb electrode, 1 insulated
handle, 1 heavy insulated cord and 1 portable high frequency violet ray
generator (308931).
Robert Aborn Hut: collection of 22 Rookwood Pottery markers (1977.0153).
Illinois Braille and Sight Saving School (through Thomas Svob) : 1 Hall
braille writer (308162).
Sarah S. Ingelfinger: 1 Al Smith campaign pencil (1977.0090).
Institute for Studies in Equality (through Dr. Hazel Greenberg and Anita M.
Miller) : 23 objects including fact sheets, booklets, bulletins, and books
regarding the equal rights amendment (1977.0601).
Insurance Company of North America (through Francis A. Lewis) : 3 books
including Practical Navigator 1833, Annesley's Marine Insurance 1808, and
Morse's American Gazetteer 1797 and 1 print of the Great Eastern 1860,
1 insurance policy on the Peggy or Diana 1793, and 1 Captain's document
on the Province Galley 1711 (1977.0622).
The International Silver Company (through Donald J. Harper) : 4 pewter
plates, "Winter," "Spring" "Summer," "Autumn" (322784).
The International Sunshine Society (through Mrs. Hazel M. Henn) : 1 bronze
bust of Cynthia Alden and 1 issue of the Sunshine Bulletin, April, 1971
(322713).
State of Israel, Ministry of Posts: 32 first day covers of the State of Israel
issued during 1974-1975 and 1976. (322596).
Harold Jackson: 1 private telegraph code, 1 Handbook of Foreign Exchange
and a collection of European marine regulations and conditions (1977.0620).
Mrs. Mabel M. Jackson: 1 pair of woman's wedding shoes, 1937 (318927).
William L. Jackson: 12 calculators, c. 1945-1964 (319049).
Mrs. Flora Gill Jacobs: pile carpet made by Smith and patented in 1912
Carl H. Jaeschke: 1 Scott's Imperial Stamp Album, 1 Post Office registered
(322700).
letter form, and 1 Department of Agriculture meat inspection stamp
(322758).
George D. Jagels: sash worn to the Republican National Convention by the
donor as delegate from California (323584).
Jane Tool and Machine Company (through Louis P. Kolenski) : 5 parts from
the Corliss engine (1977.0506).
Alice A. Janzen and Norman Rankin: 43 piece wood carved sheep ranch and
tent cover (318988).
The Bank of Japan: 2 specimens of 1000-yen banknote of Japan, 1976
(1977.0440).
Mrs. Alice V. Jeffcoat: 1 woman's purse, 1950-1959 and 1 pair of woman's
gloves, 1950-1959 (323603).
404 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Charles E. Johnson: 2 commemorative plates of Mrs. Cleveland and Mrs.
McKinley (1977.0488).
The Estate of Crockett Johnson (through Ruth Johnson Leisk) : 1 painting
Construction of a Heptagon by Crockett Johnson (322732).
Nancy Marie Johnson: woman's dress, 1935 (321796).
Mrs. Elizabeth K. Jones: McKinley bandanna (322727).
Mrs. Ellen R. Jones: 1 miniature model of a lithographic press (319964).
Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Lewis Jones (through H. McCoy Jones) : 122 miniature
lamps (night lights), 1 carpet bag, and 1 stand for vapor lamp (320866).
Robert Jordan: Universal Bread Maker No. 8 by Landers, Frary & Clark
(320692).
Edith B. Katz: 31 etched copper plates by Kerr Eby (1977.0566).
Edgar Kaufmann, Jr.: 1 armchair, patented by Thomas E. Warren 1849, and
made by American Chair Co., Troy, N. Y., and 1 cabinet made by members
of the Art Workers Guild, Providence, R. I. (318015).
Mrs. Pauline Vicksman Kay and Arnold Vickman: 1 gold invitation sent by
the Ohio Society of California to President and Mrs. William McKinley in
1899 (1977.0379).
H. Irving Kazer: 1 child's coat, and Jewish prayer shawl (Talis) bag (315484).
Mr. and Mrs. Pete J. Keffalas and Sons: 1 Peerless pencil whittler (318952).
Arthur C. Keller: 1 phonograph tone arm and orthophonic sound box
(322647).
Harrison Keller: 2 earthenware figure groups made by the Sebring Pottery
Company, 1 of an Indian and squaw, the other of a pair of bears
(1977.0270).
Peter M. Keltch: Reagan poster (323543).
Mrs. Arlene N. Kettle: 1 Wales adding machine with stand (1977.0380).
Khan Rahim Bux Khan: 46 used postage stamps of Pakistan (323588).
Abdul Malek Khattak: 1 first day cover honoring the protection of peacocks
in Pakistan (323552).
Dr. C. J. Kidd: 1 therapeutic rocking table, 1 portable x-ray machine,
1 Bucky table, 1 therapeutic heating lamp, and 2 electro therapetuic
quartz lamps (1977.0264).
Norman L. Kilpatrick: 1 quilt, pieced work and applique, "Patriotic,"
Connecticut, 18th century (168993).
James Kincaid: 1 T-shirt with legend "Jimmy Won '76" given to donor by
Mrs. Lillian Carter on his visit to Plains, Georgia (1977.0593).
Blanche E. King: 9 silver items including a 6-piece tea set, 1 tea pot, 1 cream
pitcher, and 1 sugar bowl (316497).
Melvin L. King: 19th-century rosewood fife (1977.0599).
Sandra E. King: 1 pair of woman's shoes, 1880-1895 (323493).
Kirby Lithographic Company, Inc. (through W. E. Grant): 1 lithographic
hand press, 1 lithographic stone, and 1 brayer (1977.0278).
Frank Klapthor: 2 chair seats and 1 kaleidoscope on stand (318954);
1 walnut photographic display frame for 20 cartes-de-visite size
photographs (322721); 1 decorative watch case with watch (1977.0239);
1 piccolo and 1 flute (1977.0598).
Mrs. Constance C. Klarer: 1 compact, "Bundles for Britain" (1977.0040).
Robert R. Klein: ceramic tile decorated with portrait of Theodore Roosevelt
(322782).
Robert L. Klinger: 1 bar of soap and 1 gas mask in metal cannister, German
WWI (322636).
Donald E. Kloster: 1 German starter pistol (323567).
Eugene I. Knez: 1 first day cover of Bhutan issued February 5, 1973.
(1977.0028).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 405
Marion R. Kochler: 13 American drug promotional devices— anatomical
models including kidney, hand bones, foot bones, hand, foot, hip, 2 knees,
shoulder, vertebrae, coccyx, head and plates showing kidney and heart
changes, and 5 patent medicines made in West Germany 1976 including
Bayer Aspirin and 4 toothpastes — Ultra Weiss, Pepsodent, Colgate, and
Ganz-Nah (1977.0667).
Roland A. and Saga L. Kollbeck: 11 pieces of WWII period clothing
accessories, and 1 Thanksgiving menu (318920).
Kris Kononen: 1 straw hat belonging to and worn by Representative Bella
Abzug and 16 printed materials concerning Ms. Abzug's legislative
achievements, her career, and her candidacy for the U. S. Senate seat from
New York (1977.0208).
Mr. and Mrs. Mitchell Kopec: 1 multilith lithographic offset printer, and
1 lithographic stone (1977.0580).
Koppers Company Inc. Metal Products Division (through Donald Devries and
Charles P. Ferner) : 1 rolling sphere planimeter by Coradi and pamphlets
describing related Coradi instruments (1977.0112).
Boris Kossoy: 22 black and white photographs (322604).
Marty Kraft: 1 bunting and 2 "Welcome Republican" signs designed by Mr.
Kraft for the Republican Host Committee (323511).
Miss Louise and Dr. Louis A. M. Krause: 1 Portland cutter c. 1900, and
1 four-passenger sleigh c. 1900 (1977.0646).
The Reverend and Mrs. Carl F. Kroenlein: 1 man's two-piece suit, 1938
(317942).
Leonard A. Kroll: 1 pump drill, 1 triangular steel scale, 1 micrometer, and
1 self-contained soldering iron (1977.0361).
Mr. and Mrs. Dominick Labino: opalescent silver glass bottle signed "Labino
1968" and a "copper" glass vase signed "Labino 1967" (321794).
Land Transportation Fund (through Don H. Berkebile) : 1 handkerchief,
3 photographs, and 1 mortgage bond certificate, all relating to railroads
(1977.0249), I handbill Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe RR (1977.0257).
Lapidary Jewelers, Inc. (through Neal Geoffrey) : 1 pocket watch in hunting
case (1977.0238).
Mrs. Joseph P. Larkin: US Naval uniforms and related uniform accessories
(40 items) (316385).
Frances W. Larsen: 1 Carter-Mondale button (1977.0055).
Mildred B. Larsen: four page, handwritten letter from John McMillian to his
brother, Jesse McMillian, February 17, 1861 (321726).
Leonard L. Lasko: 18 1976 political campaign buttons (1977.0527).
Lilly Fallah Lawrence: see Stanley E. Weaver.
Diana Laws: 1 "Feminist Graffiti" t-shirt (1977.0664).
LTC Benjamin T. Layton: 68 French coins, piedforts, and essais (1977.0402).
League of Women Voters Education Fund (through Ruth C. Clusen) : 51 objects
from the 1976 Presidential debates and forums (1977.0477).
League of Women Voters of Grand Rapids (through Susan K. Timmons) :
1 letter from Mrs. Ford regarding membership in the League of Women
Voters (1977.0075).
Learning Games Associates (through Daisy H. Wren) : 45 items including
mathematical and logical games and kits with associated documentation
(317891).
Lecourtenay Company (through President Cantlupe) : Sheppard roller gin,
early 20th century (321803).
Mrs. Marion M. Leigh: set of 8 Chinese local communistic emergency postage
stamps used as money circa 1945-1948 (1977.0446).
Lenox, Inc. (through Robert J. Sullivan) : 1 plate, American, 1976, from the
"Woodland Wildlife" series (321793); 1 porcelain plate decorated with a
406 / Smithsonian Year 1977
male and female cardinal 1976 (1977.0061); reproduction of 1887 Beleek
porcelain vase designed by Walter Scott Lenox 1976 (1977.0062); 1 Lenox
porcelain plate from "Woodland Wildlife" series decorated with beavers
(1977.0673).
Jack L. and Eleanor R. Leon: 3 pieces of English yellow-glazed earthenware
including cup, saucer and pitcher, and 1 English porcelain plate painted by
William Billingsley (1977.0374); 123 pieces of English yellow-glazed
earthenware (319927).
Professor Samuel Lepkovsky (through Ruth B. Bendor) : crystalline pyridoxine,
crystals of vitamin b6 (322615).
Mrs. Kathleen S. Levine: 1 woman's dress, 1882-1888 (1977.0321).
Janet Lewis: telegraph register, relay, key and relay, and binding post
(323535).
Mrs. Margaret S. Lewis: piece of copperplate printed cotton (1977.0105).
Mort R. Lewis: 6 Nixon-Agnew supermarket handouts (1977.0011).
Mrs. Ruby C. Lewis: Spanish American War style US uniform including
1 shirt, 1 service hat, 1 pair of leggins, 1 pair of breeches (317848).
Jay Leyda: 1 scrap book containing political cartoons from Harper's Weekly,
c. 1870, by Thomas Nast and others (1977.0373).
Mrs. Gunnar Lilja: two apple head dolls (George and Martha Washington),
two doll apple heads and one doll apple hand (1977.0135).
Mrs. Earl W. Lipscomb: lock of hair of Daniel Webster taken from his head
when one year old (1977.0457).
Dr. Harvey Littleton: glass sculpture "Double Form" designed and produced
by donor (1977.0349).
Lixie (through Bob Kalberer) : 3 machinist's hammers (1977.0553).
Lloyd's Register of Shipping (through C. M. Glover) : 1 copy of Lloyd's
Register of Shipping, 1870 (1977.0607).
Audrey S. and O. Frank Loekle: 1 Hammond typewriter and 16 accessories
(1977.0586).
Mrs. Alice Longworth: 1 dress with matching jacket, ca. 1905 (1977.0164).
Laverne M. Love: 1 package of napkins with the likeness of Susan B. Anthony
in the center (1977.0015).
Ruth I. Lowell: two pairs woman's shoes, three woman's hats (313400).
Morris H. Ludington: a collection of 207 New York state cancellations on
US postage stamps (322748).
Ludlow Typograph Company (through John M. Calhoun) : 1 Ludlow typograph
machine, 1 set of 13 bar type matrices, 4 matrix sticks, 1 12-point mold,
1 bottom trim knife, 1 pantograph engraving machine and 3 depth gauges
(319975).
E. Alma Lynch: 1 pair of woman's shoes, 1938 (316389).
Ulysses G. Lyon: 1 bumper sticker made like the US flag with legend:
"Save Gas 50 MPH./U.S. Environmental Protection Agency" (1977.0526).
Scott G. MacKenzie: 1 cardboard box with picture of the White House on each
side with legend "America Welcomes J. C. Peanut to His New Home"
(1977.0299).
Nancy Sevier Madden: 18 designer dresses, 7 designer suits, 2 designer coats,
1 designer blouse, 1 designer skirt, and 2 hats (316474).
Mahdeen Cover Service (through R. M. Needham) : U.S. covers of Masonic
nature: 2 of 1973, 11 of 1974, 13 of 1975, and 6 of 1976 (322751).
Herman Mahler: 1 watch demagnetizer ca. 1896 (321801).
Joseph H. Makler: 1 side chair, 1946 (1977.0132); 2 lamps by Isamu Noguchi
(1977.0403).
Pat Malcolm: 1 small ceramic pendant for necklace with male and female
symbols (1977.0297).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 407
Harry L. Mangerich: 1 sheet of 25 20AF airmail postage stamps of Afganistan
(323556).
March, Milligan & Company: 6 lithographic cards showing views of the
Centennial International Exhibition at Philadelphia and 1 lithographic menu
from Ph. J. Lauber's Centennial Restaurant (321802).
Noah Marchal: 2 French shotgun shell casings (323545).
Mrs. Harriet F. Margolies and Mrs. Jean M. Hill: 3 items including a
chromolithograph entitled "Rest on the Roadside," an album containing
scenic post cards, and "Mentor Course" a card series of daily readings and
illustrations on art and architecture (1977.0405).
Marine Office/Appleton & Cox Corp. (through John A. Potts and James T.
Kelley) : 3 books including "Parson's Marine Insurance", "Gourlie's General
Average", and "Lowndes' General Average" (1977.0621).
Mrs. Ralph E. Marker: a pair of woman's carriage boots, 1875-1910 (316413).
Mrs. Jane Martens: 1 pair of woman's shoes, 1951 (318925).
Maryland Historical Society (through P. William Filby) : 138 pieces of Hendler
ice cream equipment (1977.0689).
The University of Maryland (through Dr. Mark Doudna) : 18 pieces of
audiometric apparatus and related items including 3 audiometers,
1 kymograph support drum, 1 bristophon, 1 pilling-witting masker,
1 electromagnetic tuning fork, 1 L. J. Marcy fluid projector holder, 1 simplex
spirometer, 1 weight electrolarynx, 1 pipe organ, 1 tonoscope (306749).
Dr. James J. Matejka, Jr. : 29 brass cancelling devices from the Ottoman
Empire period of Turkey (322743).
Gordon H. Mattison: 1 philatelic-numismatic combination cover
commemorating the 200th anniversary of the US (322754).
Muriel L. and Herbert C. Mayer: 1 late 19th-century triangle (1977.0670).
Mrs. Edith P. Mayo: phonograph record entitled, "We Shall Overcome"
(1977.0005); 3 women's movement posters (1^77.0496); phonograph record,
"Elaine Brown" (1977.0511).
Luke W. McCann, F.S.C. : RAF service coat, 1 RAF jacket, 1 flying Royal
Canadian Air Force log book, and 1 short sleeve shirt, from WWII (319045).
Ross McCollum: 1 violin made in the shop of Nicola Amati 1670, and 1 French
violin bow circa 1780-90 (1977.0067).
George J. McDonald: framed oil painting on canvas of whaling ship with
whale (1977.0336); 2 books concerning the activities of Senator Joseph
McCarthy, 1 pamphlet containing transcripts of radio broadcasts about
Senator McCarthy by Fulton Lewis, Jr. and 1 personal letter signed by
Senator McCarthy's widow (1977.0304).
H. Woodward McDowell : 8 objects belonging to William Osborne McDowell
including a silk American "Peace" flag, silk pennant "Peace Among
Nations", "Peace" ribbon, a printed card, a handwritten card, a handwritten
letter from W. O. McDowell to Mrs. Bidle and 2 photographs (1977.0288).
Mrs. Lula J. McDowell: 1 hand fan with photographs and information about
the black lawmakers in Congress (circa 1976) (1977.0009).
Kathleen A. McGee: WWII uniforms worn by Clark Gable including 8 pairs
of trousers, 4 neckties, 2 coats, and 1 cap (321728).
Mrs. Helen McGoldrick: 1 woman's bust improver, 2 baby bottles with box,
1 baby bottle brush and nipple (1977.0087); 3 items pertaining to the
Centennial and 1 magazine, untitled, written on the bottom the words:
"Eight Years of La Guardia / Eight Years of Good Government" (323618).
J. Stanley Mcintosh: 1 Victor animatophone projector and speaker (1977.0142).
Janet McKenna: 1 Taft cigar (323544).
J. Russell McShane: 1 Bicentennial replica of the 1893 Columbian Liberty Bell
(1977.0515).
408 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Medallic Art Company and East Coast Coin Company (through Greg Jones
and William T. Louth) : "The Official Medal Collection of the Thirteen
Original States," serial no. 1, in gold. Struck and issued by the Medallic Art
Company (1977.0438).
Dr. Esther Chilstrom Meixner: 1 bound volume of the complete run of issues
of the newspaper "New Century For Woman" published at the Woman's
Pavilion of the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition, 1876 (1977.0109).
Dr. Jose I. Mesa: mint postage stamp of Mexico (1977.0258).
Metromedia, Inc. (through Preston R. Padden) : 1 videotape of voter
registration message in Spanish broadcasted during 1972 to encourage
voter registration in the Washington Latino community (1977.0206).
Alice M. Miles: clothes line reel (316483).
Miller's (through Howard Hillman) : 1 polo mallet (1977.0587).
Mrs. Frank C. Miller in memory of Mrs. Eugenia M. Sampson: Pewabic
Pottery vase, early 20th century (322777).
Herman Miller, Inc. (through Hugh DePree) : stage furnishings (13 objects)
from the 1976 Presidential debates (1977.0060).
J. Jefferson Miller, II: 1 hat box, ca. 1897 < 313866); Wedgwood Jasper ware
plate commemorating flight of Apollo II, 1970 (321792).
Joseph L. Miller: inked, carved cane with log cabin and grass, coon and cider
barrel (321724).
Kenneth Z. Miller: 1 man's tie, 1949 (317882).
Ruth Miller: 1 basket (323497).
Miller's (through Howard Hillman): polo mallet (1977.0587).
William Miner: printing press, metal, miniature, includes a chase which is
fitted with a wood block to adapt the press for printing with Starr type
(322684).
Missouri Equal Rights Amendment Coalition (through Barbara Harrison) :
2 pamphlets, 1 bumper sticker and 1 card relating to the ratification of the
equal rights amendment in Missouri (1977.0025).
C. Bradford Mitchell: 1 glass deadlight from a whaleship and 1 cast iron and
glass inkwell (1977.0633).
Dr. Edward Mitchell: 1 US Naval officer's dress sword with 1 regulation belt
and hanger (321666).
Raymond McK. Mitchell: 1 black beaver hat (1977.0635).
A. W. Molton in memory of Mrs. Carrie Molton: quilted counterpane, white
cotton (1977.0106).
Government of Monaco, Office des Emissions de Timbres-Posts (through
H. Chiavassa) : 6 mint souvenir sheets and 212 mint postage stamps of
Monaco (322736).
Mrs. Arthur Monat: 1 woman's two piece dress, 1934 and 1 pair of woman's
gloves, 1934 (320042).
Donald L. Moody: 1 US flag, 1776-1876 commemorative design (321618).
John J. Morris: 1 16mm motion picture film entitled "The History of the
Gyroscope" (321619).
Mrs. William C. Morrow: 1 woman's purse, ca. 1912 (1977.0307).
Mrs. Grace S. Mountain: 3 pieces of Army Nurse Corps original beige summer
uniform, WWII including 1 hat, 1 jacket and 1 skirt (318007).
V. Mueller (through Robert J. Simmons and D. L. Whyte) : 7 surgical mallets
and 4 surgical hammers (1977.0686).
Dr. Walter Mueller: 1 "Zaehlrohr" counter, ca. 1928 (1977.0136).
Rene Muller: specialized collection of 12,989 postage stamps of the Saar
(322735).
William Munch, Inc. (through M. A. Casellas, Jr.) : 1 1879 and 1 1885
appointment document, Board of Underwriters of New York (1977.0614).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 409
Mrs. Lucy G. Murphy: 2 US Marine Corps uniform items including 1 olive
drab overcoat and 1 winter cap worn by the donor's husband from 1922-24
(321667).
Craig W. Murray: 1 red, white and blue flag motif parasol (322779).
Mrs. John H. Murray : 1 embroidered sampler, made by Elisabeth Holland of
Boston, dated 1737 (323477); 15 used postage stamps including 9 from
Great Britain, 1 from The Netherlands and 5 from Denmark (1977.0151);
16 halftone reproductions of lithographs published by Currier and Ives
(321795); 2 19th-century tobacco jars (321810); 11 fashion plates, 2 woman's
suits, 2 pairs woman's shoes, 2 woman's hats, 1 woman's blouse, and 1
man's robe (322730); 1 "Times Herald" newspaper dated Nov. 6, 1940,
1 1936 newspaper portrait of F.D.R., and 1 "New York News" envelope
with eagle motif (1977.0054); 1 damask napkin, 1 wrapping paddle, and 1
birch bark basket (1977.0253); 2 Pennsylvania fracturs 1781 and 1818,
"Illumination," 2 cyphering books, and 1 pen and ink drawing (1977.0333).
Mrs. George W. S. Musgrave: 1 carte-de-visite of George Wilmer Samson
Musgrave by C. S. Mosher, Baltimore, 1873 (320826).
Berry E. Mushlin: Desk novelty of a blue eagle with spread wings above
which is an arch with red letters "N R A" (323538).
Patricia McGreevy Musleh (through Patricia C. Scofield) : 2 dental
articulators, 1 Trubyte tooth shade guide, 1 20th-century shade guide,
1 dental mouth mirror, 1 amalgam spatula and 1 dental cotton holder
(1977.0577).
Mutual Marine Office (through John N. Blackman) : 1 boat signal lantern
(1977.0608).
John E. Nagle: 1 ribbon, 1977 inauguration of James E. Carter (1977.0427).
Michael C. Nahl: 1,613 US airmail covers (1977.0171).
J. Craig Nannos: 1 camp color, 1 guidon, and 1 standard of the Philadelphia
State Fencibles (320849).
Mrs. Celia Nathan: girl's dress, 1932 costume for 1732 (322699).
Laurence M. Nathan: 1 pair of men's shoes, 1972 (318938).
Sylvia Nechis: 1 woman's evening dress (320827).
Mortimer L. Neinken: 61 financial documents illustrating the history of
banking in the United States (1977.0401); 1 Clement Biddle letter dated
from Philadelphia April 11, 1810, regarding the Bank of the US
(1977.0394); 1 silver medal portraying Lord Cecil Baltimore and his wife,
Lady Anne Arundel ca. 1632 (1977.0410).
Government of The Netherlands, Netherlands postal and telecommunications
services (through H. de Jonge) : 17 mint postage stamps of Netherlands
(322764).
Mrs. Edwin A. Neugass in memory of Edwin A. Neugass (through Edwin A.
Neugass, III): 2 French revolvers and 1 English revolver (319043).
Government of New Zealand, Post Office Philatelic Bureau (through A. J.
Murray) mint stamps in the 1974 stamp pack, 2 mint souvenir sheets and
61 mint postage stamps all from New Zealand (322746).
The New Zealand Insurance Co., Ltd. (through D. R. St. Jacques):
1 navigator's desk (1977.0617).
Edward C. Newbegin: 1 sheepskin diploma the from US Naval Academy
dated June 3, 1955 (321617).
Beatrice Newhall: 1 woman's grooming accessory, curling stick (323605).
A. D. and Dorothy K. Nicholson: silk handkerchief, 1893 (322773).
Government of Niue (through L. Douglas) : 26 mint postage stamps of Nieu
(322767).
Wilhelmina E. and Thomas Norrell: 4 lithographs of locomotives
"Philadelphia", "Arkansas", "Mercury", and "Amazon" (1977.0305).
Garrison Norton: 1 man's hat, 1850-74 (313307).
410 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Morris Norton: 1 mouthbow made by donor (1977.0490).
Robert M. Organ: first day cover of Switzerland, issued 1972 (1977.0276).
C. S. Osborne and Company (through Foster 5. Osborne) : 1 rubber mallet,
1 auto trimmer's hammer and 1 carpet layers hammer (1977.0554).
Dr. Cornelius and Sui-Ling Soo Osgood: collection of 195 American
Stoneware specimens (319884).
Estate of Ella Ostrowsky (through Abraham Ostrow) : 57 items by Abbo
Ostrowsky including 41 etched copper plates, 13 etchings, 2 etched zinc
plates and 1 drawing (1977.0567).
Marianne OToole: see Nanette Clark.
Lawrence M. Otter: 3 Jimmy Carter campaign buttons (323514).
Mabel Owen: 1 "Shoulder to shoulder" tote bag (1977.0293).
Pan American World Airways, Inc. (through Nuzhat Idrissi and Thomas
Wendel) : 1 agent set, 1 terminal interchange, and 18 pieces of
documentation, all related to the Panamac (IBM 9080) Airlines
Reservations System (321704).
Pankin International Ltd. (through Jerome Pankin) : 1 pair of woman's shoes
(321798).
The Pannier Corporation (through A. D. Schilling) : 1 steel inspector's
hammer (1977.0555).
The Pasquaney Trust (through John K. Gemmill) : 31 personal items of
Captain John Wall Wilson, noted Arctic explorer, 1837-1900, 1 meat slicer,
patent Arcadia, Newark, N. Y., 1885-91 (323446); 1 book, "The Report on
the Proceedings of the United States Expedition to Lady Franklin Bay,
Grinnell Land", by Adolphus W. Greely (1977.0480).
Samuel W. Patterson (through Charles W. Symanski) : 1 pocket watch with
A. W. W. Co. movement (1977.0505).
Robert E. Peary, Jr.: 7 items including gold and silver medals and an oak
tablet presented to the donor's father Admiral Robert E. Peary USN, in
1909 for his discovery of the North Tole (322635).
Dr. Sidney A. Peerless: 3 medals commemorating historical events relating
to American history (1977.0390).
Jean A. Pendleberry: 1 book "One Special Summer" written, illustrated and
signed by Jacqueline and Lee Bouvier (323490).
J. C. Penney Company, Inc. (through Charles A. Meister) : woman's dress,
1972 (322598).
Government of Penrhyn, Penrhyn Post Office: 1 souvenir sheet and 6 mint
postage stamps of Penrhyn Islands (322747).
Peoples Bicentennial Commission (through Noreen Banks) : 1 sweatshirt,
4 banners, 4 books, and 4 posters produced by the donor and circulated for
the Bicentennial (1977.0497).
Philip L. Perkins: 1 German Luger semi-automatic pistol (317935).
Perkins School for the Blind (through Kenneth A. Stuckey) : 1 Hall Braille
writer (319895).
Joseph Perotta (through Mrs. Anita Dwyer) : 1 wood carving depicting the US
in the Bicentennial year, made by the donor (320049).
Charles L. Perry: 22 US Marine Corps & Seabee shoulder sleeve insignia,
WWII (315375).
Walter G. Perry: 1 book, "Law of Insurance" by Phillips, 1840 (1977.0619).
Maurice A. Peter: 1 pair white leggings, WWII (1977.0241).
Mendel L. Peterson: 220 specimens including 30 US Post Office waybills
(1840), 165 US and foreign covers, 22 US Revenues on portraits,
1 Bermuda stamp used as revenue, and 48 patriotic labels with
correspondence and Congressional reports (1977.0199); 1 aqua-lung
(322633); 1 marine navigation instrument (azimuth mirror) with wooden
case (1977.0170).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 411
Mrs. Richard N. Peterson: 2 jackets and 2 hats from Sousa band uniforms
(322667).
Estate of Bernard Peyton (through Emil Lemay) : used and unused postage
stamps of the US and various foreign nations (322739).
Picker Corp. of US (through Keith D. Nelms) : 1 1940 Picker Corporation
x-ray machine (323568).
Captain Roger Pineau: 21 commercial covers with meter stamps from various
countries and 1 postal meter impression of Lebanon (322768).
Dr. E. Leonard Piven: 18 engravings, 36 chromolithographs and 1 lithograph
(323560).
Plastics Institute of America (through J. Harry Dubois) : a collection of 89
early Bakelite artifacts (1977.0368).
Mrs. Rita McNamara Pleet: 2 dresses, 2 hats, 1 blouse, and 1 suit (318984).
Frank Podsiad: barrel making patent specifications (1977.0065).
Philip H. Pollock, Jr.: 1 Lincoln political campaign lantern (1977.0094).
Dr. J. Lawrence Pool: 2 myeloscopes (1977.0248).
Mrs. Alice James Pope: engraved certificate issued by the Crosby Opera
House Art Association, which entitles the bearer to one fine steel engraving
upon its surrender (1977.0077); 1 brass mortar and pestle and 1 wooden
mortar (1977.0225); group of 84 American currencies and related materials
(1977.0417); 1 beaded reticule and 1 beadwork cap (1977.0517).
Alejandro Pou: 8 recent coins from Uruguay (1977.0389).
Mr. and Mrs. George Prague: 1 Ivory Stamp Club "Adventurer" stamp
album and 15 assorted Ivory Stamp Club stamp packets (322742).
Max R. Prilik: 1 Fleming valve c. 1915 (1977.0570).
Providence Washington Insurance Co. (through Mr. C. S. Kempt) : 1 antique
stapler (1977.0610).
Martin F. Ptacek: 1 paper folding machine, A.B. Dick (335464).
Dr. Karver L. Puestow: 1 original Puestow esophageal dialator, mounted
(323456).
Anthony P. and Robert J. Pusateri: 1 car, 1 helmet, 1 shirt, and 1 notebook,
associated with the Soapbox Derby (318011).
Rainbow Division Veterans, 222nd Infantry Chapter (through Mr. James V.
McNicol) : 1 distinctive insignia of 222nd Infantry and 1 illustration of the
coat of arms of 222nd Infanty (321773).
Mrs. R. A. Rainer: 1 woman's coat, ca. 1936 (317927).
Kenneth J. R. Ranger: 1 black mourning ribbon with Gen. Grant in gold
(1977.0397).
Norman Rankin: see Alice A. Janzen.
Dr. Ned S. Rasor: first fully operational intracardiac pacemaker ever
implanted (322717).
Henry & Marion L. Rau: 22 pieces of Wedgwood Jasperware (1977.0209).
J. Tayler Redd: see Ann F. Comm.
Mrs. Marie Berne Reilly: stockings, woman's 1944 (316396).
George B. Reimer: 1 Philco radio/phonograph (1977.0522).
Mrs. Myrtle Berg Reiswig: 1 woman's swimsuit, 1931 (323604).
Ralph Remley: broadside, "To the Independent Freemen of Boston", written
by William A. Madocks, Boston, June 19, 1818 (322620).
Republican National Committee (through Josephine L. Good) : 1 scarf tunic
(1977.0080).
Marlene Reynolds: 1 WWI gas mask, 1 overseas cap and 1 folding metal cup
(323534).
Loiz W. Rhead-Huyck: 1 porcelain vase and 1 porcelain placque (320054).
Honorable J. J. Rhodes, M. C: 1 vest worn at the 1976 G.O.P. convention in
Kansas City, Missouri (323583).
Robert B. Rice: 1 diesel engine fuel pump, 2 Bosch oil pumps, 2 Bosch nozzle
412 / Smithsonian Year 1977
tips, 2 plungers and barrels from Bosch fuel injectors, 4 Bosch fuel injector
nozzles, 1 General Motors fuel injector, 1 portion of a diesel piston, 1 set
of 14 diesel injection nozzles, and 1 lot of 5 injector assemblies (1977.0355).
Oscar W. Richards: 1 Brunsviga midget calculator (1977.0143).
Mrs. Beverly Bruce Richardson: 1 woman's suit (318967).
Jeremy Rifkin: 53 assorted books, newspapers, posters, broadsides and a
series of prints with accompanying written explanatory background
produced by the Peoples Bicentennial Commission for use during the
Bicentennial era (1977.0563).
Bernard Ring: 2 first day covers used at the 19th convention of the
American First Day Cover Society in Cincinnati during August 1974.
(322741).
S. Dillon Ripley: 9 specimens including a presentation folder for the Bird
Sanctuary postage stamp and a first day cover of the Michelangelo stamp
from India, 2 mint souvenir sheets and 5 mint postage stamps from
Bhutan (1977.0172); 42 1977 inaugural objects (1977.0328).
Mr. and Mrs Forest Roberts: Wymore Bicentennial cookbook (321734).
Edwin K. Robinson: 1 steel curved needle (1977.0169).
Jerry D. Roe: 1 postcard, 2 buttons, 1 tag, and 1 bumper sticker relating to
the Republican/Ford Campaign in Michigan (323542); 2 broadsides and 4
admission tickets to hear President Ford at Ann Arbor, Michigan, September
15, 1976 (1977.0012); 2 tapes "Milliken for Ford" and "Campaign 76,
Special Radio Group" and 1 broadside "Welcome President Ford"
(1977.0592).
Ruth C. Rose: 8 pairs of gloves, 1 pair of shoes, and 1 man's handkerchief
(312886).
Norman F. Rothermel: amber tinted gold frame, non-prescription, auto
driver's sun glasses with metal carrying case (322785).
David R. Rowan: snow shovel, wood (323550).
Mrs. Daryl Rubenstein: 2 woman's designer dresses and 1 woman's designer
three-piece suit (323620).
Edward Rubin: a collection (68 objects) of boy and girl scouts memorabilia
(1977.0331).
R. J. Russell: 1 planimeter (302380).
Marvin S. Sadik: section of 1888 Harrison-Morton bunting (1977.0538).
Sailors' Union of the Pacific (through Morris Weisberger) : 13 items including
newspapers, photographs and pamphlets on Harry Lundeberg (322689).
The Salem China Company (through Harrison Keller) 2 earthenware
objects decorated by the Salem China Company including 1 teapot with
cover and 1 Portuguese tile (1977.0269).
Cecile M. Zinsmeister Savard: 1 pair of dumbells, and 1 pair of Indian clubs,
ca. 1915+ (323449).
Dr. Charles Savarese: USN regulation survival fishing gear (16 items) kept
aboard all life rafts, WWII (321665).
Robert Saypol: 1 bar pin with word "Bicentennial" and. an attached bell with
likeness of George Washington and dates 1732-1932 (323515).
John A. and Albion Scarlett: 1 Pittsburgh pillar-molded glass vase c. 1840-60
and 1 contemporary iridescent glass vase by Robert William Bartlett
(1977.0146).
Scarlett Speedwell (through Joanna Giallelis) : woman's trousers, 1975
(319952).
E. J. Scharbach: 1 sea bag, 1 picture of schooner "Vigilant", 1 picture of
donor on "Vigilant", 1 Certification of Service, and 1 Master's Certificate of
Service of Sick or Injured Seamen (323526).
Dr. John T. Schlebecker: 1 quart milk bottle (1977.0228); 1 cane knife
(1977.0284).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 413
Mrs. C. B. Schmeltzer: 3 pairs of spectacles (323455).
Flip Schulke: 1 book: "Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Documentary . . .
Montgomery to Memphis" (323577).
Mrs. Esther Schwartz: 42 household objects of textiles and related items
(1977.0101).
SCM Corporation, Business Equipment Division (through Armand G. Guibert
and Robert S. Oakes): 11 calculators and related documentation (318944).
Senator Hugh Scott: 10 objects from Senator Scott's political career
(1977.0263).
Self-determination for D. C. (through Elena S. Hess) : 1 button, 1 banner, and
1 3-cornered hat with badge (1977.0129)
Zaven Seraidarian: 1 Bicentennial banner (323582).
Theodore A. Serrill: 8 objects from the Republican National Convention
(323513).
Marc Sevastopoulo: 1 French tortoise shell box (322638).
The Seven-Up Company (through S. Lee Larkin) : 13 7-UP bottles including
12 liter bottles and 1 1947 7-ounce bottle (322794).
Clifford W. Shafer: two CINPEX '74 souvenir cards (322756).
Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Shaffner, II: sheet music, "On With Carter"
(1977.0202); 1 autographed copy of the Jimmy Carter song inaugural edition
(1977.0301).
Mrs. Walter Sharp: 1 beaten biscuit board (322640).
Francis J. Shea: 1 dress blue blouse ca. 1917-22, and 1 olive-drab hat ca. 1924
(1977.0027).
Mrs. Elaine Shebby: 1 WWII Japanese field telephone (323478).
Sherwood Medical Industries, Inc. (through E. Windischman) : collection of
77 disposable syringes and needles illustrating the history and development
of the disposable needle (1977.0117).
Mrs. Sadie F. Shoudy: invitation to a ball of the Lady Washington Engine
Company #40, dated December 12, 1854 (1977.0315).
Thomas Shulman: 2 bumper stickers with legends "Jimmy/Plains, Ga." and
"Goober" (1977.0256).
Ted F. Silvey: bathroom tub and basin fixtures (312422).
Mrs. Helene Blackburn Simmons: 2 leather post cards sent via the US Mails
about 1905 (1977.0198).
Melva L. Simmons: 1 commercial cover of the Republique du Congo, 1 used
postage stamp of the US, 24 mint postage stamps, and 258 used foreign
stamps (322759).
Eloise Cummings Simpson: 2 glass plug gauges, and 1 Cinophot Exposure
Meter (321695).
Doris E. Slothower: 23 textile objects (323475).
Jo-an R. Smith: 1 "Gorget 1776-1976" necklace (1977.0483).
Mrs. Mary Louise Smith: large wooden gavel, a badge and an official program
of the Republican National Convention 1976 which the donor used as
Chairman of the Republican National Committee (1977.0377).
Robert M. Smith: 1 book, "Better Queens" by Jay Smith, 1949 (323551).
Stanley H. Smith: 1 Viet Cong/North Vietnamese Army ammunition box, 1
medical alert tag, 1 Army Aviation shirt, 1 Army Aviation field cap, 1 pair
of Army Aviation trousers, 1 Army Aviation Aviator metal badge,
2 Warrant Officer garrison caps, 1 fatigue shirt, 1 pair of fatigue trousers,
1 fatigue belt, 1 pair of fatigue socks, 1 pair of cushion sole socks,
1 pilot's penlight, 1 Chief Warrant Officer insignia (319044).
Smithsonian Institution, office of Exhibits Abroad (through Mrs. Julie Link
Haifley): 5 Herman Miller Curtain samples (1977.0097).
Smithsonian Museum Shops (through Mrs. Josephine L. Fingeret) : 3 souvenir
414 / Smithsonian Year 1977
bookmarks — 2 with portraits of George Washington, 1 with portrait of
Gerald R. Ford (323519).
Smithsonian Institution, Product Development Office (through Ann I.
McClellan): 30 fabric samples (322707).
Mrs. James Sneed (through Jimmy Sneed) : 1 Planimeter with case (314531).
Mrs. Helen Snyder: 1 woman's apron, after 1875, silk (1977.0215).
William Sommerwerck: 1 Hewlett-Packard HP-35 Calculator with associated
materials (1977.0113).
South African Mint (through J. J. Groenewald): 1976 proof set of 8 South
African coins commemorating retired Second State President of South
Africa, J. J. Fouche (1977.0388).
University of Southern California, School of Medicine (through Richard F.
Baker and Dr. S. Mudd) : 1 Electronmicroscope — RCA EMU I, ca. 1944
(323480).
John P. Soward: 1 copy of Homan's "Cyclopedia of Commerce", 1853
(1977.0618).
Gladys G. Sperry: Woman's dress, 1840-49 (321800).
Benjamin, Harvey G., and Norman Stack: 17 medals commemorating mostly
American personalities and events (1977.0392); 2 trial pieces of private five
dollar gold coins. 1 by C. Bechtler and the other by Dubosq and Co.
(1977.0396); 2 "three dollar patterns" of the 1860's (1977.0398); unique trial
piece in copper for US half dollar dated 1794 (1977.0399); artist's model in
plaster for President Eisenhower medal (1977.0400); collection of 7 gold
ingots and tablets bearing Mexico City Mint stampings dated 1741, 1744
and 1746 respectively (1977.0419); obverse and reverse dies for the
so-called Lincoln three-dollar gold piece dated 1864 (1977.0420); reverse die
for the Honduras 5 Centavos, dated 1871. (1977.0421); 2 ancient coins
from Asia Minor (1977.0423); ancient medallion struck in Asia Minor in
the name of the Emperor Balbinus (1977.0428); 2 ancient medallions struck
in Asia Minor, 1 in the name of the Emperor Maximinus and the other in
the name of Pupienus (1977.0429); 15 medals and other related materials
referring to General Lafayette (1977.0433); record book of signatures of
E. W. Clark and Co., Bankers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 321 Chestnut
Street, used since 1852 (1977.0434); 173 financial documents concerning
mostly interests of US firms in foreign countries (1977.0436).
Norman Stack: group of 5 coins illustrating the use of numismatic objects
in applied arts (1977.0449).
Standard Telephone and Cables, Ltd. (through P. Burgess Sykes and Science
Museum, London) : 1 Lucas Grapnell, 3 cast-iron steps, cable samples,
1 gutta percha trough (322605).
Stanley Tools, Division of Stanley Works (through Edward C. Benfield and
Raymond Pezzi) : 1 chopping maul, 1 prospector's pick and 12 assorted
hammers (1977.0556).
Frank Stanton: 2 chairs used by Candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard M.
Nixon in the first debate in history between presidential nominees,
September 26, 1960 (1977.0541).
Staples and Charles (through Barbara Charles) : 1 pamphlet entitled
"Suffrage in the District of Columbia, speech of Honorable George W.
Julian, of Indiana, delivered January 16, 1866" (1977.0002).
Frederick Steadry: 18 objects regarding Anti-Vietnam, Vietnam Veterans
Against the War Rally at the Capitol, 1974, Nixon Impeachment Rally on
the Mall, April 27, 1974. Includes 4 books, 5 posters, 2 newsletters,
3 bumper stickers, 1 banner, 1 handbill, 1 sign and 1 cardboard box.
(321807).
W. M. Stehle: 1 1894 policy of T. and M. (1977.0613).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 415
Mr. and Mrs. Edward S. Stein in memory of Lena Stein: 1 Universal sorter
and 1 Remington Rand bookkeeping machine (1977.0191).
D. Stempel AG: 4 gravers, 2 pattern plates, 8 punches, 2 matrices and
1 straight edge (1977.0455).
Mrs. Elizabeth A. Stevens: linen damask tablecloth with a floral pattern
(323522).
Mrs. John W. Stewart: 9 pieces of antique jewelry owned by Mrs. Jefferson
Davis (1977.0237).
Dr. T. Dale Stewart: 1 glazed ceramic plate, possibly made at New Milford,
Connecticut (1977.0283).
Paul H. Stone: campaign button, "Dewey in '48" (1977.0091).
Robert G. Stone: 256 specimens including used post cards from the US and
foreign countries, US and foreign commercial covers, used foreign stamps,
foreign postage meter impressions, philatelic labels from ARPHILA 1975
and foreign newspaper wrappers (322765).
Victor L. Stones: 1 set of drafting instruments used by Charles S. Stones for
drawing house and stair plans in the St. Louis Area (1977.0279).
John Stortz and Son, Inc. (through Theodore L. Stortz) : 4 cooper's tools and
1 slater's hammer (1977.0557).
Mrs. Mary Tyler Stover: see Emily T. Tyler.
Robert Strain: 1 pair of WWII combat service boots (1977.0163).
Kenneth J. Sullo: 1 examining chair, 1 portable electro-therapeutic unit,
1 cabinet for portable electro-therapeutic unit, 1 physician's OB/GYN bag,
1 office scale, and 1 office table (319896).
Mrs. Sarah Hal Sutherland: 3 pieces of 18th century English porcelain
including a dish — Longton Hall, a covered jug — Lowestoft, and a figure —
Chelsea-Derby (1977.0160).
W. J. Sutherland: sampler made and signed by Ann Hurst, 1889 (1977.0375).
Government of Sweden, General Directorate of Posts (through Nils Horjel) :
238 postal specimens of Sweden including 53 first day covers, 7 letter
sheets, 7 aerograms, 6 postal cards, 20 unexploded booklets of stamps, and
145 mint postage stamps (322755).
Joseph Sweder: 1 Polish eagle device (314530).
Mrs. Frances Swim: 1 13-star reproduction flag (321727).
James H. Swisher and Son, Inc. (through E. A. Middlebrooks, Jr.) : 2 porcelain
King Edward Cigar roadside signs and 1 wood packing cigar press box
(322791).
Dr. Hans Syz: 1 master opthalmograph of the American Optical* Co. (early
1940's) (1977.0139); 19 pieces of 18th century Meissen porcelain
(1977.0166).
Talbot, Bird and Co. (through Gerald V. S. Pepperell) : 1 brass and mahogany
Clinometer (1977.0615).
Thomas L. Tallentire: 1 1939 Yellow Coach bus (1977.0636).
Marie de M. Taveau: knitted lace shawl (323518).
Mrs. J. M. Taylor: "Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper" dated March 14,
1885 (1977.0100).
Dr. V. L. Telegdi: 1 spark wire chamber spectrometer (1977.0532).
Roger P. Templin (through the First National Bank and Trust Company of
Alton, Illinois) : 1 large vase, translucent glass with overall yellowish tan
enamel ground and 2 hexagonal candlesticks with overall panel cutting
(1977.0116).
Texas Instruments, Incorporated (through Dr. Norman G. Einspruch) :
1 electronic calculator, 8 semiconductor slices, 10 integrated electronic
James Smithson Society member.
416 / Smithsonian Year 1977
circuits, 1 microprocessor and 1 photograph of first hand held calculator
(319050).
Mrs. Jean B. Thompson and Mrs. Mildred N. Beckert: 1 bullet ladle used
during the Revolutionary War (317999).
Mrs. Edgar Thoren: 1 Home Diathermy (1977.0668).
Tokelau Islands Administration (through J. A. Bain) : 8 mint postage stamps
of Tokelau Islands issued during 1975 (322749).
Mrs. Jeannette H. Toomey: 2 game plates from the State service of
Rutherford B. Hayes (323482).
Tracy Petites (through Beau Baker): 1 woman's dress, 1975 (321797).
Robert L. Trbovich: 6 Marienwerder postage stamps with counterfeit
overprints of denominations including 5, 20, 50, 75, 80 pfennig and 1 mark
(1977.0194).
Delmo F. Trilli and Guido P. Trilli: see Mrs. Melba Trilli Beckner.
The Trimble-Kenvin-Smith Families (through Mrs. Verna Rudd Kenvin and
Mrs. Joan W. Smith) : 1784-1841 manuscript items from the Silas Talbot
collections, medical appointments and newspaper accounts of a naval court
martial, plus 3 newspapers from 1827, 40, 41 (323619).
Trinity College (through Robert Robert Pedemonti and A. E. Sapega) :
1 Gas Engine, Otto, ca. 1900 (1977.0540).
John M. and Gary Triplett: 3 5-lb. flour bags, 2 10-lb flour bags and 1 catalog
(1977.0102).
Kenneth N. Trobaugh: 21 Civil War storecards, state medals and
identification tags (1977.0391).
Charles G. W. and Hazel J. Trostel: Jacquard single woven coverlet half
(323520).
Bernice V. Truitt: US Navy Women Commissioned Officers uniforms (18
items) worn by Captain Beatrice M. Truitt, USN first woman Line Officer
to be selected to the rank of Captain, circa 1968 (323445).
C. Delores Tucker: 1 copy of an address by the donor at the Women's Rights
Centennial Commemoration at Independence Hall, July 4, 1976 (1977.0500).
Turner & Cook, Inc. through Dorothea Bohman) : 1 rawhide mallet
(1977.0558).
Emily T. Tyler, James A. Tyler, Jr. and Mrs. Mary Tyler Stover: 1 Harrison
campaign flag banner, 1 lady's leather boot, 1 Confederate canteen and
3 fans (1977.0212).
Willna Uebrick-Pacheli: 21 items including banners, clothing, literature bags,
buttons and literature from the National Organization for Women's ERA
vigil at the White House from July 4 through August 28, 1976 (1977.0501).
Union Carbide Corporation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory and US Atomic
Energy Commission, Oak Ridge Operations (through Peter Mazur and
Kenneth M. Haythorn) : 3 18-day mouse fetuses (312591).
United Detector Technology, Inc. (through: J. B. Taylor): Model 21 A power
meter (319946).
United Nations. United Nations Postal Administration: 10 mint sheets of
United Nations postage stamps (323591).
US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (Through Daniel L. Levin
and Frances A. Oleksak) : 1 Univac computer tape (1977.0095); National
Bureau of Standards (Through Walter W. Weinstein) : 1 Konig-Martens
visual polarization spectrophotometer (1977.0181).
US Department of Defense, Department of the Air Force, Defense Property
Disposal Office (Through Mrs. Lynette Helphrey) : Morey milling machine,
control unit, power supply, and director (322792); Air Force Museum:
1 footed bowl — milk glass, 1 glass slipper — blue, 1 glass slipper — red and
2 Bohemian glass vases (1977.0589); Air Force Services Office (AFLC):
1 Air Force decoration, distinguished service medal (323528).
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 417
US Department of Defense, Department of the Army: Center of Military
History: 1 1975 edition Army recruiting poster "I Want You" (323509);
Director of Facilities Engineering: 1 WWII cast iron stove (312394);
Institute of Heraldry, Cameron Station: collection of 6 US Armed Forces
Service lapel buttons (314596); 1 lapel pin, USN retired, 20 years (307440);
38 US Army distinctive insignia, shoulder sleeve insignia and badges, and
1 US Coast Guard miniature coxswain insignia, ca. 1970's (323561);
US Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Command:
1 camouflage coat and 1 pair of trousers (322619); Defense Property
Disposal Office (Through Col. William F. Strobridge) : lVi-ton truck (jeep)
(1977.0366); Special Ordnance and Equipment Branch: 16 items including
military rations and related utensils (323527).
US Department of Defense, Department of Navy, Naval Medical Center,
Naval Graduate Dental School (Through Cmdr. Dorsey Moore) : 9 facial
prostheses including 1 oculo-facila, 1 small oculo-facial, 2 noses in Oriental
and Caucasion pigmentations, 1 right ear in Negro pigmentation, 1 left ear
in Caucasian pigmentation and 3 ocular prostheses in various
pigmentations (306965); Office of the Chief of Naval Operations:
1 Republic of Vietnam service medal and ribbon c. 1960 and 1 Republic of
Vietnam campaign medal c. 1960 (322634).
US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, National Institute of
Mental Health, Laboratory of Brain Evolution and Behavior (through
Dr. Michael Murphy): classic Line computer (1977.0162).
US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry Center
(through David H. Wallace) : 1 Odell typewriter and 2 boxes of carbon
paper, "Old Dutch Line" (1977.0579); 1 third order lighthouse lens and
related mechanism (1977.0626); Historic American Buildings Survey
(through Dr. John Poppeliers and Patrick Burkhart) : 2 historic American
buildings survey field notebooks (1977.0573).
US Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration: US Crossman
Pellet Pistol (1977.0219); Japanese Nambu semi automatic pistol
(1977.0220).
US Department of Transportation, US Coast Guard: 1 4th order lighthouse
lens from Point Iroquois, Michigan Light Station, 1884 (320740);
US machine gun and mount (1977.0365).
US Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Bureau of ATF:
1 US rifle, M-14 (1977.0168); 1 US Sturm, Ruger rifle, M77 (1977.0196);
US valor semi-automatic pistol, Guardian (1977.0498); S & W rifle with
sling, Bushnell lite-site, and carrying case (323566); Italian Liberty arms
revolver (1977.0218); Sterling Arms .25 caliber semi-automatic pistol with
clip (323451); Browning semi automatic shotgun (1977.0379); 2 US Model
03-A3 rifles and 2 US Smith & Wesson revolvers (315370); Bureau of
Customs: 1 wrist watch, men's Baume & Mercier c. 1976-77 (1977.0508);
Bureau of Engraving and Printing: 580 certified plate proof sheets of US
postage stamps, essays, and booklet pane covers (322786).
US Energy and Development Administration, Oak Ridge Operations:
42 cyclotron materials (1977.0359).
US General Service Administration, National Archives: unopened package of
Kodak Velox photographic paper (322602).
US House of Representatives (through Hon. Carl Albert) : 1 flag displayed
behind the Speaker's chair from January 1961 through September 1976
(1977.0052).
US Library of Congress, Gifts and Exchange Division (through Nathan R.
Einhorn) : 26 specimens of political memorabilia including badges, ribbons,
banners, wallets, handkerchiefs, chips from G. Washington's coffin, a pill
box, a manicure case, and a plaque (322674); 1 1973 Inaugural book,
418 / Smithsonian Year 1977
1 1973 invitation to the Inaugural Ceremonies from the Congress, and
1 program for the 1973 Inaugural Ceremonies (1977.0032); 7 items of
Chester A. Arthur memorabilia including a dried rose, a button of the
Loyal Legion, a brown leather wallet, a calling card case, an engraving
plate for calling card, a telegraph blank holder and a black ribbon of
"Despatch" (1977.0491).
US Postal Service (through Benjamin F. Bailar) : 1 presentation folder
portraying US accomplishments in space through postage stamps and
1 Apollo-Soyuz first day cover (322740).
US Postal Service, Administration Group (through Gordon C. Morrison) : 171
mint US specimens including postage stamps, coil stamps, booklet panes,
postal stationery, and postal cards (1977.0277); 204 American
commemorative panels of US postage stamps issued by The American
Banknote Company and the US Postal Service (1977.0282); 156 US stamp
panels with first day cancellations (1977.0291).
United States Steel Corporation (through E. J. Sederberg) : Wean engineering
model (314522).
Office of the Vice President of the United States (through Capt. John
Matheny) : 1 12-inch Vice Presidential seal plaque used by Vice President
Nelson A. Rockefeller (1977.0655).
Unknown: 3 protest posters (323448); 1 silk banner with portrait of John F.
Kennedy and the following quote in Spanish: "My fellow citizens of the
world: Ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can
do for the freedom of man" (1977.0079).
Mr. and Mrs. A. R. Van Doren, Jr.: 7 pieces of woman's clothing and
accessories including 2 dresses, a blouse, a pantsuit, a swimsuit, a purse,
and a pair of boots (322599).
Mrs. Ruth S. Vettel: jigsaw puzzle (317828).
The Virginia Gazette (through Edward P. Offley) : 5 copies of "The Virginia
Gazette" dating from October 1, 1976 through October 29, 1976
(1977.0056).
Diane von Furstenberg, Ltd. (through Diane von Furstenberg) : 1 woman's
dress, 1975-6 (317893).
Arthur R. von Hippel: X-ray photo and 1 photograph of Roentgen's shotgun
(1977.0535).
Marguerite and John Potter Wagman: Jacquard double woven coverlet
(323465.)
Dr. and Mrs. Laverne G. Wagner: 13 pieces of Steuben glass designed by
Frederick Carder and 1 vase and 1 glass spoon of other manufacture
(321808).
John J. Wagram: hunting horn by Francois Perinet (1977.0604).
John R. Walbridge: 1 glass inkwell with silver top (1977.0606).
Dr. Joseph Waldman: cloisonne enamel on glass designed and executed by
the donor in memory of his father (1977.0312).
Robert B. Walker: 2 color photographs of President and Mrs. Lyndon B.
Johnson, 1 photo includes their two daughters also, 1965 and 1966 (323580).
Dorothy E. Wallace: 2 catalogues of the Chicago World's Columbian
Exposition of 1893 and 1 admission ticket to the Exposition (1977.0049).
Mrs. Susan N. Wallace: 1 pair of leggings, canvas, dismounted, model 1938
(322663).
Barbara L. and Burdett S. Warden, Jr.: 1 pair of metal printing blocks
(1977.0518).
Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Warrington: 1 Admiral's flag and 1 Navy Jack, both
with poles, ca. 1899 (1977.0481).
Clara C. Watkins: 1 broadside for George Wallace's Presidential primary
campaign, 1 newspaper "The Wallace Stand" October 1975 and 1 political
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 419
booklet "Wallace and Carter" by Arthur Cobb (1977.0207); 1,825
photographs and negatives of the Poor People's Campaign and
Resurrection City, May-July 1968 (322705).
Huber 5. Watson, L. Sherman Watson and Mrs. Lloyd R. Watson (through
Walter C. Rothenbuhler) : 1 Barber pipette holder, 1 queen bee operating
table, and 1 queen bee insemination syringe (1977.0182).
Stanley E. Weaver in memory of Norman Norell: 1 dress, 1 coat, 2 dresses
with jackets, and 1 dress with coat (316345).
Stanley E. Weaver and Lilly Fallah Lawrence in memory of Norman Norell:
1 woman's dress, designer, fall 1968 and 1 woman's dress with jacket,
designer, spring 1968 (320691).
S. J. Wegenek: electric curling iron (296044).
Richard C. Weidlich (through John L. Skinner) : 3 breast meters, 1 made of
wood and metal, 1 made of wood, and 1 made of plastic (1977.0302).
Raymond H. and Roger G. Weill: unused pair of stamps of the US two-cent
Harding issue of 1923 (323555).
Rosa and Harris Weinstein: hat stretcher (319947).
Frankie Welch: set of 6 Bicentennial series of Presidential scarves including
Presidents Washington, Adams, Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Lyndon
Johnson and First Lady Betty Ford (1977.0013); 9 First Lady scarves and
napkins designed by donor (1977.0662).
Betty Russell Welfare: 1876 fan (1977.0076).
Mrs. Edward Welles: 1 pair of woman's shoes, 1859 (320858).
Mrs. Nancy B. Werdell: memorial quilt, applique and pieced work
(1977.0125).
Weyenberg Shoe Mfg. Company, Nunn-Bush Shoe Company (through
Thomas W. Florsheim) : 1 tower clock works (322714).
John H. White, Jr.: 1 motor oil sign (1977.0640); 1 US cover commemorating
the 150th anniversary of the Stevens Locomotive, 1 cover from Switzerland
— railroad oriented, and 2 covers from Switzerland with special
cancellation (1977.0240).
Roger White and Marilyn Wittmer: serigraph, "Indiana", by Roger White.
Printed by Marilyn Wittmer (323531).
J. C. Whitney and Company (through Roy I. Warshawsky) : 3 autobody
worker's hammers (1977.0559).
Elizabeth D. and Myron A. Wick, Jr. in memory of Mrs. Myron A. Wick:
26 18th and early 19th century ceramics, including 25 pieces of English
porcelain and 1 French faience (1977.0211).
Mrs. Helen Wicksten: Adlai Stevenson letter (1977.0092).
Mrs. Vivian Willner: 1 Chapel Bulletin for Men of Jewish Faith, Camp Davis,
N.C. Aug. 25, 1944 and 1 menu Thanksgiving Day Nov. 20, 1941, Battery
A, 198th Coast Artillery, Ft. Ontario, N.Y. (316435).
Colonel Roger Willock, USMC, (Ret): 31 British War medals (321646).
Charles A. Wilson: 1 US Marine Corps winter field dress uniform, WWI
including trousers, coat, hat and 3 collars (1977.0372).
Cdr. and Mrs. Paul R. Wilson USNR (Ret): 1 WWI Yeomanette uniform
cloak (321621).
Rollin L. Wilson: 3 shirts, 3 pairs of trousers, 3 ties, 2 jackets, 2 belts, and
1 pair of garters (322624).
Mrs. Ruth Stewart Wilson: jigsaw puzzle and the toy, "Crandall's John
Gelpin" (318951).
Mrs. Mary Mosher Winchell: 2 photographs of Susan B. Anthony,
1 autograph of abolition leader Wendell Phillips and 1 oral history tape
recording (1977.0064).
Francis Wittemore: glass paperweight, yellow and lavender pansy with buds
on dark blue ground (1977.0677).
420 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Marilyn Wittmer: see Roger White.
Jack D. Wofford: 1 model of towboat M/V "Jack D. Wofford" (1977.0638).
Women's Rights Centennial Committee (through Martha Lavell) : 12 objects
used in the 1976 Philadelphia re-enactment of the women's protest at the
1876 Centennial. Includes seven posters, a banner, a commemorative
booklet, xerox of sheet music, a ribbon with a button, and a flyer (322780).
Wooding-Verona Tool Works (through R. F. Davis) : 4 railroad tools,
1 stonecutter's bush hammer and 1 ship maul (1977.0560).
Donald W. and Charlotte S. Wooster: cotton quilt top or counterpane
(323485).
Dr. B. H. Worsley: a collection of 77 pieces documenting the early history of
computers (304345).
Rudolph G. Wunderlich: 1 postal bag, c. 1869 (322737).
Wymore Community Improvement Council (through Mr. and Mrs. Forest
Roberts) : Wymore Bicentennial cookbook entitled "An American
Bicentennial Recipe Book 1776-1976 Happy Birthday America" (321734).
Dr. Martin and Mrs. Ruth Wynard: 1 Sevres porcelain ecuelle with cover
and stand, and 1 Meissen porcelain group of Turkish gallant and lady with
hussar modelled by Joachim Kaendler (1977.0210).
Virginia Yates: 1 silver spoon by J. Mathews (323533).
Margaret Robert Yerger: 3 hats, 1 dress, 1 lounging outfit, and
1 snowsuit (318924).
Honor Youngs: 1 1901 Chicago automobile license (badge) (1977.0637).
William E. Young: man's neckwear, tie, 1946 (320040).
Mrs. Aileen Zahn: one French faience plate (possibly Moustiers). Late 18th
century or 19th century (321811).
Charlotte and David E. Zeitlin: 1 Toby Jug, English c. 1775 (323565); pair of
shield-shaped velvet lined frames, each mounted with fifteen 18th century
Wedgwood black basalte medallions of the 30 kings of England (1977.0188).
Mrs. Waitman B. Zinn: Centennial fan (322698).
Carl R. Zuckerman: 2 "Johnny Horizon" cowboy hats (1977.0680).
Anthony C. and Nancy R. Zufich: 1951 Webcor wire recorder with foot
control (316412).
NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY
Donors of Financial Support
The Danish Bicentennial Committee Josiah Wedgwood and Sons
Donors to the Collection
Dr. William H. Armstrong: E. L. Codkin, by Hollinger, photograph;
Lawrence Codkin, by unknown artist, photograph.
Joel Barlow: Joel Barlow, by William Dunlap, watercolof /ivory; Joel Barlow,
by L. C. Ruotte, stipple engraving; Joel Barlow, by John Vanderlyn,
charcoal and pencil/paper.
Mrs. Emily M. Beck: Harrison Gray Otis, by Chester Harding, oil/canvas.
Barry Bingham, Sr. : Zachary Taylor and His Cabinet, by Francis D'Avignon,
lithograph.
The Morris and Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation (matching grant) : John
Singleton Copley, self-portrait, oil/canvas.
Coe-Kerr Gallery, Inc.: Andy Warhol* by Jamie Wyeth, gouache/paper.
Barnaby Conrad: Truman Capote* by Barnaby Conrad, charcoal/paper.
Mrs. Richard K. Doud: United States Senate, A.D. 1850 — Henry Clay,
by Robert Whitechurch, engraving.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I All
Mr. and Mrs. Charles Feinberg: Walt Whitman, by George C. Cox,
photograph; Walt Whitman, by Edy Bros., photograph; Walt Whitman,
by G. F. E. Pearsall, photograph; Walt Whitman, by G. F. E. Pearsall,
photograph; Walt Whitman, by Matthew Brady, photograph;
Walt Whitman, by F. Guetkunst, photograph.
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company: Harvey S. Firestone, by James Earl
Fraser, bronze.
Joseph H. Hennage: Benjamin Franklin, after Houdon, plaster.
Richard Kenin: Lloyd L. P. Smith, by Edmond Kapp.. lithograph.
IJeter Krasnow: Edward Weston, by Peter Krasnow, oil/canvas.
Katie Louchheim: Samuel Clemens, by A. J. Meyer, photograph;
Albert Einstein, by Lotte Jacobi, photograph.
A. Hyatt Mayor: Collis P. Huntington, by William Keith, oil/canvas.
Mr. and Mrs. David A. Morse: Abraham Lincoln, by William Willard,
oil/canvas.
The Old Print Shop, Inc.: Nathaniel Parker Willis, by Mathew Brady,
photograph.
Quaker Oats Foundation: Zachary Taylor and his nephew Col. William S.
Bliss, by unidentified artist, daguerreotype.
Peretz Foundation: Jimmy Carter, by Jamie Wyeth, pencil/paper.
Mr. and Mrs. Hobart C. Ramsey: Howard Chandler Christy, by Edgardo
Simone, plaster.
Messrs. David, John D. 3rd, Laurence 5. and Nelson A. Rockefeller: John D.
Rockefeller, by Jo Davidson, bronze.
Mrs. Harriet M. Ross: Woodrow Wilson, by Harriet Murphy, oil/linen.
Mrs. Jay Besson Rudolphy: Charles T. Yerkes, by Jan van Beers, oil on panel.
Marvin Sadik: Henry Clay, by Francis D'Avignon, lithograph.
The artist's daughters: Charles Hopkinson, by four self-portraits, oil/canvas.
Dr. and Mrs. Jacob Terner: Thomas Hicks, by unknown artist, photograph;
Edward M. Bannister, by Hurd Studio, photograph; Rembrandt Peale, by
Matthew Brady, photograph; Daniel Huntington, by unknown artist,
photograph; Winslow Homer by unknown artist, photograph; and others.
Henry H. Villard: Henry Villard, by F. J. Haynes, photograph; Helen Frances
Garrison Villard, by unknown artist, photograph.
Visiting Nurse Service of New York: Lillian Wald, by William Schevill,
oil/cardboard.
Anonymous: Albert Sands Southworth, attributed to John Whipple,
photograph.
*Portraits are not admitted to the permanent collection until the subject has
been deceased ten years.
The President of the United States is exempted from this ruling.
OFFICE OF AMERICAN AND FOLKL1FE STUDIES
Donors of Financial Support
FOLKLIFE UNIT
$10,000 and above
Energy Research and Development Administration
Music Performance Trust Funds
422 / Smithsonian Year 1977
MUSEUM PROGRAMS
CONSERVATION ANALYTICAL LABORATORY
Donor to the Laboratory
Mecklenberg, Marion F. : book, Handbook of Industrial Textiles, E. R. Kaswell.
OFFICE OF HORTICULTURE
Donors of Financial Support
Mr. Anthony LaBarba
Mrs. S. Dillon Ripley
Women's Committee of the Smithsonian Association
Donors to the Collections
Mr. Martin Bachner: 110 mature orchid plants.
Mrs. Richard H. Bryand: 1939 volume of the Proceedings of the Bostonian
Society on Boston Public Gardens.
Mr. Dan Collin: 20 mature Paphiopedelium plants.
Mr. Paul E. Desautels: 27 mature orchid plants.
Mrs. George Griswold: 1 Howeia forsteriana.
Mr. and Mrs. L. Kuhn: 24 mature orchid plants.
Mr. Donald McTurnan: 4 cast iron Victorian garden benches.
Mrs. Augustus Riggs: 3 Strelitzia reginae.
Mr. S. Dillon Ripley: 1 Nopalxochia ackermannii "Fire Glory x."
Mr. Ruben Sauleda: 2 Polystachia concreta and 2 Epidendrum hodgianum.
Mr. Russell Studebaker: 20 rooted cuttings of Chrysanthemum frutescens
alba and 12 rooted cuttings of Begonia cv. Orange-Rubra.
Mrs. Deborah Thompson: Tanacetum vulgar e.
Mrs. Bessie Wright: 1 Araucaria excelsa and decorative pot.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES
Donors to the Collections
Albree, Norman G.: Collection of books on firearms given to National Mu-
seum of History and Technology.
Allen, William H. : Voyage Aeriens by J. Glaisher, 1870.
American Society of Interior Designers: Library of 2,000 volumes.
Appleman, Dr. Daniel: Mineralogy of Arizona.
Banks, Harold: Several volumes on minerals.
Bazelon, Bruce: Diving and other medical manuals.
Bedini, Silvio: Pop Wiener, Naive Painter, 1974.
Beer, Alice B.: About 200 volumes mostly on trade routes and silk trade.
Berliner, Don: Issues of Control Column.
Bloom, Dr. and Mrs. Jordan S. : Rare children's book entitled Rocket Book,
1912.
Bonney, Mrs. Walter: Collection of about 100 books and journals.
Boorstin, Dr. Daniel J. : Collection of about 100 books and journals.
Buell, William. Two volumes on oceans.
Clain-Stefanelli, Dr. Vladimir and Elvira. Medals commemorating Battles of
the American Revolution.
Clarke, Dr. J. F. Gates: Fifty monographs and 300 serial publications on
entomology.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 423
Cook, Stephen: Collection of aeronautical books and journals.
Crome, Ernest: History of Qantas Airways Ltd., and Australian air mail
service.
Denig, Fred: Twenty volumes of Arizona Highways.
Desautels, Paul: Mineral Kingdom and several textbooks.
Dunn, Mrs. Ethel: Collection of 23 volumes.
Eklund, Dr. Jon: Centennial American Chemical Society 1876-1976.
Elder, Robert: Journals on pottery and glass.
Eyde, Dr. Richard. Lancaster Diary 1776. 1976.
Felek, Bela: Two volumes on the Herend (Hungary) China Manufactory.
Ferguson, Lavona: Knife collecting guides.
Fiske, Mrs. Gardiner: Description des Experiences de la Machine Aerostatique
de MM. de Montgolfier by Barthelemy Faujas de Saint-Fond, 1783, and 20
other scarce aeronautical first editions.
Fong, Yun Wah: Four rare Chinese volumes.
Fox, David: Twenty-five early aeronautical children's books.
Fujioka, Tomoo: Butterflies of Japan.
Furnas, Mrs. Clifford C. : A Memorial Biographical Record of Clifford Book
Furnas, 1900-1969. 3 volumes.
Gradle, Robert: Bell Was High on Kites, Too.
Grant, Dr. Richard: Abstracts of North American Geology, 1969-1970.
Hampl, Jiri: Letectvi Kosmonautika, numbers 15-23, 25.
Harlow, James: Serials.
Harwood, Alison: A. J. Downing's Architecture of Country Houses, 1850, and
additional monographs.
Henderson, Dr. Edward: Three museum guides.
Hickey, Leo J.: Russian botanical books.
Hindle, Dr. Brooke: The Year that Became a Decade, 1975.
Holan, Robert: Five cartons of Sandoz dye cards.
Holcombe, Col. Theodore G.: FiVsf World Flight by Lowell Thomas, 1925.
Autographed copy.
House and Garden Magazine: Color Archive.
Hull, Donald R. : Fifteen books on the history of science.
Jackson, Roy: Twenty early aeronautical histories.
Jacobs, Dr. George J.: Fourteen Russian space exploration books.
Kane, Douglas V.: Two books on aeronautical poetry by Douglas Kane.
Kaufmann, Robert: Several volumes on decorative arts.
Ketcham, Howard: Eighty volumes on color.
Kramer, Dr. J. P.: General Catalogue of Hymenoptera.
Krauss, Jeffrey: Communications on the Lindbergh Flight, May 20-21, 1927.
Remarks by Commissioner Abbott Washburn.
Krombien, Dr. Karl: Several volumes on insects.
Lake Erie Jr. Nature and Science Center: Old Smithsonian and BAE reports.
Lanyon, Wesley: Greenwalt's Hummingbirds. 5 volumes.
Larson, Dr. Bruce L. : Lindbergh of Minnesota: a Political Biography, by
Bruce Larson, 1973, and two issues of Minnesota History.
Lawyer, J. E. : Wonder Book of Aircraft, 1927.
Lee, Stephen: Recognition Journal, February 1944-July 1945.
Loening, Mrs. Sarah L. : Fifteen scarce aeronautical books and photograph
albums of the Loening Aeronautical Engineering Corporation and the
Keystone Aircraft Corporation.
London, Dr. Howard S.: Seven sets of space rocketry and propulsion journals.
Mack, Mr. and Mrs. James L. : New York Times, October 11, 1953.
Mann, John: Several volumes.
Marton, Dr. L. : Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics.
Marwick, Charles S.: Several volumes of Science and New Scientist.
424 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Maurice, Dr. Klaus: Die Fanzoesische Pendule des 18 Jahrhunderts.
McGinty, W. J.: Vision, The Story of Boeing by Harold Mansfield, 1956.
Mead, Dr. Giles: Discovery Reports.
Messineo, S. J.: Six early aeronautical books.
Miller, J. Jefferson II: Cookie Cutters and Molds.
Miller, Ronald: Fifteen books on Tom Swift and aeronautical books.
Mitchel, Mrs. Marguerite: Six aeronautical books.
Munsell, Alex: Color material documenting career of A. H. Munsell.
Neff, William B. : 35th Bienniel Exhibition of Contemporary American
Painting, 1977.
New Hampshire Aeronautics Commission: Eight aeronautical histories
including New England Aviators, 1914-1938. 2 volumes.
Nielsen, Anne T. : Transactions of the International Engineering Congress.
5 volumes.
Oka, Masos: Fishes of Southern and Western Japan.
Pearcy, Arthur: Volumes on aircraft.
Pettibone, Dr. Marian: Six volumes on natural history.
Potoski, Larry: Eight issues of PRY-FLY.
Randall, Bruce: Serials.
Rice, T. E. P.: Historical volumes, maps and journals.
Ripley, Dr. S. Dillon: BioScience journals, books, and Rails of the World.
Royal Doulton Company: Royal Crown Derby and Doulton Lambeth Wares.
Salussolia, Peter: Six aeronautical books.
Savard, James: Collection of educational volumes.
Schwipps, Werner: Otto Lilienthals Flugversuche.
Science Services, Inc.: Thirteen space science books.
Scoville, Dr. Elmer B. : Royal Air Force, the Middle East, and Disarmament,
1919-1934, 1972, and Airmobility 1961-1971, 1973.
Shank, Russell: Volumes of American Heritage and additional books and
journals.
Sheldon, Bert: Speaking of Space, 1962, and Incident at Exeter, 1966.
Smith, Jean C. : Traces of the Brush.
Smith, Dr. Lyman: Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Eleven fascicles.
Sohn, Dr. I. G.: Thirty-nine volumes of A.A.P.C. Bulletin.
Stack Bros. : Volumes of Jewish history.
Stevens College: Books on air transportation and aviation education.
Subotowicz, Dr. Mieczyslaw: Elements of Astronautics by Prof. Subotowicz,
1974.
Sutnar, Ladislav: Archival material concerning his career as a graphic
designer.
SWISSAIR: Aircraft of the Swiss Air Force since 1914, 1975.
Terry, Mrs. Harry: 1950 Flair Magazine.
Thayer, Richard. Twelve volumes of Smithsonian Scientific series.
Thompson, Mrs. Edward: Thompson Begonia Guide. 3 volumes.
Walker, Dr. E. H.: Botanical monographs and serials.
Walton, Mrs. Nancy-Bird: Virtue in Flying by Joan Priest, 1975.
Ward, Dr. Ronald : Several journals and monographs.
Wenzel, Kurt: Volume on Shakespeare.
Wetmore, Dr. Alexander: Fifty-seven volumes on botany and biography.
Wheaton, Elmer: Rocket and guided missile memorabilia.
Wilkerson, Mrs. H. L. : A magyar nep muveszite. 5 volumes.
Wings Club: "Sight" lecture, 1976.
Wirth, Willia: Revista Brasileira de entomologia. 15 volumes.
Wright, Gil: Twenty cartons of scientific journals.
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 425
PUBLIC SERVICE
ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM
Donors of Financial Support
C & P Telephone Company
Dorothy S. Grant
George Wayne Upton, Jr.
Mrs. Mary Knowles Weisner
DIVISION OF PERFORMING ARTS
Donors of Financial Support
Mobil Oil Corporation: Made funds available for the Inaugural Concerts
Music Performers Trust Funds: Granted funds for the Spring Celebration. The
Music Performers Trust Funds is a public service organization created under
agreements with the American Federation of Musicians. The grant for these
performances was obtained with the cooperation of Local No. 161-710
American Federation of Musicians.
National Endowment for the Arts: Granted funds to support the Jazz Con-
noisseur and the Jazz Heritage Concert Series and the Jazz Oral History
Project.
OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
Donor of Financial Support Mr. DeWitt Wallace, Intern '77 Program
OFFICE OF SMITHSONIAN SYMPOSIA AND SEMINARS
Donors of Financial Support
American Security and Trust Company Institute for Psychiatry and
Bendix Corporation
James R. Bird
Bucyrus-Erie Company
Bunge Corporation
Champion Spark Plug Company
Eaton Corporation
Ellis L. Phillips Foundation
Exxon Corporation
Fluor Corporation
Ford Motor Company Fund
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Hoffman-La Roche Foundation
I U International
Ingersoll-Rand Company
Foreign Affairs
Marriott Corporation
Massey-Ferguson, Inc.
McDonald's Corporation
National Savings and Trust Company
Ralston Purina Trust Fund
Riggs National Bank
Rockefeller Brothers Fund
Rockefeller Foundation
Roots Foundation
Ruder and Finn
Sperry Rand Corporation
G. Violet Sturgeon
Wenner-Gren Foundation
Weyerhaeuser Company
OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Donors of Financial Support
IBM: A grant to station WETA/Channel 26, Washington, D.C, for research
and development toward the public television series "Smithsonian World."
Women's Committee: For the Free Film Theater.
426 / Smithsonian Year 1977
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
DONORS OF WORKS OF ART
Keith Achepohl Mrs. Houghton P. Metcalf
Elsie F. Alsberg Dr. Dieter Erich Meyer
Anonymous Donor Adolph Caspar Miller Fund
Ruth B. Benedict in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Myron Miller
her parents, Sophie and Carl Pepita Milmore Memorial Fund
Boschwitz Robert Rauschenberg
William and Ruth Benedict Michael S. Sachs
Collection of John and Louise Booth Stephen Spector
in memory of their daughter Winkie William M. Speiller
Ailsa Mellon Bruce Fund Mr. and Mrs. William M. Speiller
Miss Alice W. Clement in memory of Mr. and Mrs. John Steiner
her grandfather, James Sayre Higbie Mr. and Mrs. Burton Tremaine
William Nelson Cromwell Fund Mr. David Tunick
Dr. and Mrs. Henry L. Feffer Dr. and Mrs. Maclyn E. Wade
Collection of Dr. and Mrs. George June Wayne
Benjamin Green Mr. and Mrs. Hans W. Weigert
Dr. Margaret I. Handy in memory of Lili B. Weigert
Mrs. Enid A. Haupt Emile E. Wolf
Dr. and Mrs. Ronald R. Lubritz James Rosati in memory of
John Russell Mason William C. Seitz
Andrew W. Mellon Purchase Fund
Appendix 9. Donors to Smithsonian Institution I 427
APPENDIX 10. Visitors to the Smithsonian Institution,
October 1, 1976, through December 31, 1977
Smithsonian Arts &
Natural
Air &
Freer
History &
Institution
Industries
History
Space
Gallery
Technology
Month
Building
Building
Building
Museum
of Art
Building
October, 1976
61,442
94,500
319,885
725,799
14,388
331,882
November
41,841
85,815
300,533
742,489
12,957
373,778
December
31,304
73,084
216,199
483,696
10,729
179,598
January, 1977
27,655
54,496
213,297
414,426
9,852
158,395
February
42,346
83,448
278,158
574,671
15,016
217,055
March
61,813
84,849
355,452
671,622
18,610
275,718
April
78,677
133,758
580,641
1,090,689
21,766
556,604
May
63,602
111,118
540,576
919,598
18,858
499,939
June
83,904
119,591
527,509
1,085,841
19,819
453,018
July
110,690
159,858
706,352
1,406,035
28,398
586,653
August
106,170
157,473
624,798
1,230,829
26,114
553,911
September
45,702
t>5,713.
244,341
540,655
18,501
203,374
October
44,003
59,599
301,423
654,130
19,703
299,708
November
34,471
53,329
365,529
578,269
16,857
207,917
December
26,838
39,995
184,950
373,066
13,397
226,261
TOTALS
860,458
1,376,626
5,777,643
11,491,815
264,965
5,123,811
Month
Fine Arts Anacostia Cooper-
& Portrait Renwick Hirshhorn Neighborhood Hewitt
Galleries Gallery Museum Museum Museum
Totals
October, 1976
31,464
13,980
100,654
1,540
28,552
1,724,080
November
36,486
11,528
96,341
2,982
30,540
1,735,290
December
27,527
11,218
71,246
3,091
21,363
1,129,055
January, 1977
24,017
9,852
66,759
47
19,745
1,016,540
February
24,288
11,029
96,620
1,346
15,940
1,359,917
March
28,808
14,665
116,551
5,107
19,845
1,653,040
April
30,017
13,201
154,285
3,397
15,262
2,678,297
May
38,362
11,642
131,146
4,306
18,233
2,357,380
June
45,093
13,592
129,572
3,494
13,354
2,494,787
July
38,663
15,011
149,925
4,715
15,557
3,221,857
August
40,443
16,644
147,009
3,189
17,087
2,923,667
September
34,196
13,430
82,784
4,097
13,104
1,265,897
October
37,403
15,261
103,763
3,744
8,716
1,547,453
November
34,594
13,800
89,479
5,088
12,901
1,412,234
December
29,859
17,651
70,811
3,565
10,285
996,678
TOTALS
501,220
202,504
1,606,945
49,708
260,484
27,516,179
note: Visitors to the National Zoological Park (not reflected in the above figures)
totaled 2,199,436 from October 1, 1976, through December 31, 1977.
428 / Smithsonian Year 1977
APPENDIX 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution and
Its Subsidiaries, September 30, 1977
SECRETARY'S OFFICE AND RELATED ACTIVITIES
THE SECRETARY S. DILLON RIPLEY
Executive Assistant Dorothy Rosenberg
Special Assistant James M. Hobbins
Special Assistant to the Secretary Richard H. Howland
Special Assistant to the Secretary Margaret Hird
Assistant Secretary for Administration . John F. Jameson
Assistant Secretary for History and Art . Charles Blitzer
Assistant Secretary for Science David Challinor
Assistant Secretary for Museum Programs Paul N. Perrot
Assistant Secretary for Public Service . . Julian T. Euell
Treasurer T. Ames Wheeler
General Counsel Peter G. Powers
Director of Support Activities Richard L. Ault
Director of Membership and Development James McK. Symington
Coordinator of Public Information Lawrence E. Taylor
Curator, Smithsonian Institution Building James M. Goode
Honorary Research Associates Alexander Wetmore, Secretary Emeritus
Paul H. Oehser
SCIENCE
Assistant Secretary David Challinor
Executive Officer Harold J. Michaelson
Program Manager Ross B. Simons
Administrative Assistant Marsha S. Cox
Administrative Assistant Rita R. Jordan
CHESAPEAKE BAY CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Director J. Kevin Sullivan
Associate Director for Scientific Programs David L. Correll
Associate Director for Education Programs John H. Falk .
Administrative Officer Donald L. Wilhelm
Facilities Manager John Rynarzewski
Scientific Staff
Upland Ecology: Estuarine Ecology : Watershed Studies:
Edward Balinsky Robert Cory Gary Chirlin
Daniel Higman Maria Faust Deborah Ford
Kenneth Golkin Elaine Friebele Margaret McKim
James F. Lynch Nancy Goff R. William Schaffner
Dennis Whigham Joseph Miklas Tung Lin Wu
Land Use History
Amy Hiatt
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 429
Education Staff
John Balling Linda Chick
Vicki Anderson Neil Fitzpatrick
G. Marjorie Beane Sally Gucinski
FORT PIERCE BUREAU
Director Vacant
Administrative Assistant June J. Jones
Scientific Staff
Carcinologist Robert H. Gore
John R. Montgomery
Embryologist/Life Histories Mary E. Rice (on leave from Museum
of Natural History)
Research Assistants Karen J. Carle
Julianne Piraino
Mart T. Price
Kim A. Wilson
Postdoctoral Fellow Edward E. Ruppert
NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM
Director Michael Collins
Deputy Director Melvin B. Zisfein
Executive Officer John Whitelaw
Curator of Art James D. Dean
Administrative Officer M. Antoinette Smith
Registrar Robin A. Schroffel
Public Information Officer Lynne C. Murphy
Special Events Assistant Louise H. Hull
Building Manager Joseph L. Davisson
Department of Aeronautics
Assistant Director Donald S. Lopez
Historian Emeritus Paul E. Garber
Curators Walter J. Boyne
Louis S. Casey
Robert B. Meyer, Jr.
Associate Curator Robert C. Mikesh
Assistant Curators Claudia M. Oakes
Charles G. Sweeting
Edmund T. Wooldridge, Jr.
Department of Astronautics
Assistant Director F. C. Durant III
Curator Walter H. Flint
Associate Curators Louis R. Purnell
Tom D. Crouch
Research Historian Frank H. Winter
Department of Science and Technology
Asistant Director Howard Wolko
Associate Curators Paul A. Hanle
Richard P. Hallion
430 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Center for Earth and Planetary Studies
Research Director Farouk El-Baz
Geologists Ted A. Maxwell
Robert W. Wolfe
Priscilla A. Strain
Delia A. Warner
Research Assistant Richard E. D'Alli
Ann W. Gifford
Tracey A. Tisdall
Presentations and Education Division
Chief Von Del Chamberlin
Planetarium Officer Charles G. Barbely
Theater Manager Ronald E. Wagaman
Education Officer Lynn R. Bondurant, Jr.
Education Specialist Nancy L. Murphy
Program Coordinator Harold W. Snider
Exhibits Division
Chief Francis A. Baby
Chief, Audiovisual Unit Hernan Otano
Chief, Design Unit Robert Widder
Designers John W. Brown
John R. Clendening
Lucius E. Lomax
Terezia M. Takacs
Illustrator Peter P. DeAnna
Chief, Media Unit Eugene M. Knight, Jr.
Editor Edna W. Owens
Chief, Production Unit Frank Nelms
Preservation, Restoration and Storage Division
Chief Walter J. Boyne
Silver Hill Museum Donald K. Merchant
Library Branch
Librarian Catherine D. Scott
Reference Librarian Dominick Pisano
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF MAN, CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF MAN
Director Porter M. Kier
Assistant Director James F. Mello
Program Coordinator Sam Stanley
NATIONAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL FILM CENTER
Director E. Richard Sorenson
Research Film Studies Coordinator .... Gay C. Neuberger
Anthropological Films Specialist Emilie de Brigard
Research Film Editor R. T. Slade, Sr.
Visual Data Specialist Barbara Y. Johnson
Research Film Cataloguer Vacant
Research Assistant M. Michael Maloney, Jr.
Assistant Research Film Editor Vacant
Research Assistant Mathias Maradol
Assistant Research Filmmaker Steven C. Schecter
Administrative Assistant Leslie A. Curtin
Secretary Eileen R. Bathelmy
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 431
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scholars:
Research Associate Asen Balikci, University of
Montreal, Quebec
Research Associate John K. Marshall, Documentary
Educational Resources,
Somerville, Massachusetts
Collaborating Scholar Lain S. Bangdel, Royal Nepal
Academy, Kathmandu, Nepal
Collaborating Scholar William H. Crocker, National
Museum of Natural History,
Washington, D.C.
Collaborating Scholar Bayazid Hatsak, Jeweharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi, India
Collaborating Scholar Johan Reinhard, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
Collaborating Scholar Scott Williams, Bellevue Community
College, Bellevue, Washington
Consultant Margaret Mead, The American
Museum of Natural History,
New York City
Consultant Sol Tax, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois
Consultant Carroll Williams, Anthropology Film
Center, Santa Fe, New Mexico
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC STUDIES
Director Roy S. Bryce-Laporte
Administrative Assistant Betty S. Dyson
Research Coordinator Stephen R. Couch
Program Coordinator Delores M. Mortimer
Clerk-Typist Constance Trombley
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Director Porter M. Kier
Assistant Director James F. Mello
Writer-Editor Thomas R. Harney
Special Assistant to Director W. Donald Duckworth
Staff Assistant to Director William P. Haynes
Staff Assistant to Director Catherine Kerby
Staff Assistant to Director C. Willard Hart
Chief of Exhibits Eugene F. Behlen l
Coordinator, Office of Education Joan C. Madden
Chief of ADP Program T. Gary Gautier
Building Manager Jerome A. Conlon
Administrative Officer Charles Ossola "
Anthropological Researcher Samuel L. Stanley
Registrar Margaret A. Santiago
ANTHROPOLOGY
Chairman William W. Fitzhugh
Senior Ethnologists John C. Ewers
Saul H. Riesenberg
1 Appointed May 22, 1977.
' Appointed April 24, 1977.
432 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Archivist Herman J. Viola
Collections Manager George E. Phebus
Conservator Bethune M. Gibson
Public Information Specialist Ruth O. Selig
Latin American Anthropology
Curator Clifford Evans
Associate Curators William H. Crocker
Robert M. Laughlin
Old World Anthropology
Curators Gordon D. Gibson
Gus W. Van Beek
Eugene I. Knez
William B. Trousdale
North American Anthropology
Curator William C. Sturtevant
Associate Curators William W. Fitzhugh
Dennis M. Stanford
Linguistics
Associate Curator R. H. Ives Goddard III
Physical Anthropology
Curator J. Lawrence Angel
Associate Curators Donald J. Ortner
Lucile E. St. Hoyme
Douglas H. Ubelaker
Chemist David W. Von Endt
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
James Adovasio (Archeology)
John P. Albanese (Geology)
Larry D. Banks (Geology) 3
Alison S. Brooks (Archeology) 4
Robert S. Corruccini (Physical
Anthropology) B
T. Aidan Cockburn (Physical
Anthropology)
Henry B. Collins (Archeology)
M. F. Ericksen (Physical Anthropology)
Patricia Gindhart (Physical
Anthropology)
Afifa Hassan (Physical Anthropology)
Richard T. Koritzer (Physical
Anthropology)
BOTANY
Chairman
Senior Botanists
Ralph K. Lewis (Ethnotechnology)
Betty J. Meggers (Archeology)
Ann M. Palkovich-Shaw (Physical
Anthropology) 6
C. J. Putschar (Physical Anthropology)
Owen S. Rye (Archeology)
Frances Shulter-Ellis (Physical
Anthropology)
T. Dale Stewart (Physical
Anthropology)
Mildred Mott Wedel (Archeology
& Ethnohistory)
Waldo R. Wedel (Archeology)
Theodore A. Wertime (Archeology)
John E. Yellen (Archeology)
Dieter C. Wasshausen
Richard S. Cowan
F. Raymond Fosberg
Mason E. Hale, Jr.
3 Appointed May 2, 1977.
4 Appointed March 1, 1977.
5 Appointed June 1, 1976.
n Appointed September 12, 1977.
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 433
Phanerogams
Curators John J. Wurdack
Dan H. Nicolson
Dieter C. Wasshausen
Associate Curators Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr.
Robert W. Read
Marie-Helene Sachet
Stanwyn G. Shetler
Beryl B. Simpson
Laurence E. Skog
Ferns
Associate Curator David B. Lellinger
Grasses
Curator Thomas R. Soderstrom
Cryptogams
Curator Harold E. Robinson
Associate Curator James N. Norris
Palynology
Associate Curator John W. Nowicke
Plant Anatomy
Curators Edward S. Ayensu
Richard H. Eyde
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
Katina Bucher (Cryptogams) Kittie F. Parker (Compositae)
Paul S. Conger (Diatoms) Duncan M. Porter (Phanerogams)
Jose Cautrecasas (Flora of Tropical Clyde F. Reed (Phanerogams)
South America) James L. Reveal (Phanerogams)
Arthur Lyon Dahl (Algae) Velva E. Rudd (Leguminosae)
James A. Duke (Flora of Panama) Lyman B. Smith (Flora of Brazil)
Marie L. Farr (Fungi) Seymour H. Sohmer (Phanerogams) 7
Aaron Goldberg (Phanerogams) Marie L. Solt (Melastomataceae)
Charles R. Gunn (Seeds) Frans A. Stafleu (Phanerogams)
William H. Hathaway (Flora of William L. Stern (Plant Anatomy)
Central America) Edward E. Terrell (Phanerogams)
Paul L. Lentz (Fungi) Francis A. Uecker (Fungi)
Elbert L. Little, Jr. (Dendrology) Egbert H. Walker (East Asian Flora)
Alicia Lourteig (Neotropical Botany)
ENTOMOLOGY
Chairman Don R. Davis
Collections Manager Gary F. Hevel
Senior Entomologist Karl V. Krombein
Neuropteroids and Diptera
Curator Oliver S. Flint, Jr.
Associate Curator Wayne N. Mathis
Lcpidoptera
Curators Don R. Davis
W. Donald Duckworth
William D. Field
Associate Curator John M. Burns
7 Appointed September 1, 1977.
434 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Coleoptera
Curator Terry L. Erwin
Associate Curator Paul J. Spangler
Hemiptera and Hymenoptera
Curators Richard C. Froeschner
Paul D. Hurd, Jr.
Myriapoda and Arachnida
Curator Ralph E. Crabill, Jr.
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
Charles P. Alexander (Diptera) W. L. Jellison (Siphonaptera,
Doris H. Blake (Coleoptera) Anoplura)
Franklin S. Blanton (Diptera) Harold F. Loomis (Myriapoda)
Frank L. Campbel (Insect Physiology) C. F. W. Muesebeck (Hymenoptera)
Oscar L. Cartwright (Coleoptera) Kenelm Philip (Lepidoptera) 9
J. F. Gates Clarke (Lepidoptera) George W. Rawson (Lepidoptera)
Hilary Crusz (Insects of Ceylon) Mary Livingston Ripley (General
K. C. Emerson (Mallophaga) Entomology)
John H. Fales (Lepidoptera) 8 Robert Traub (Siphonaptera)
John G. Franclemont (Lepidoptera) Hayo H. W. Velthuis (Hymenoptera)
Harry Hoogstraal (Medical Entomology) Ronald A. Ward (Medical Entomology)
David Wooldridge (Coleoptera)
INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
Chairman W. Duane Hope
Senior Zoologists Fenner A. Chace, Jr.
Horton H. Hobbs, Jr.
Crustacea
Curators J. Laurens Barnard
Thomas E. Bowman
Roger F. Cressey
Louis S. Kornicker
Raymond B. Manning
Echinoderms
Curators Frederick M. Bayer
David L. Pawson
Klaus Ruetzler
Mollusks
Curators Clyde F. E. Roper
Joseph Rosewater
Associate Curators Arthur H. Clarke 10
Richard S. Houbrick"
Worms
Curators Meredith L. Jones
Marian H. Pettibone
Mary E. Rice
8 Appointed June 1, 1977.
9 Appointed May 1, 1977.
10 Appointed January 10, 1977.
11 Appointed March 13, 1977.
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 435
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
S. Stillman Berry (Mollusks) Patsy McLaughlin (Crustacea)
J. Bruce Bredin (Biology) Anthony J. Provenzano, Jr. (Crustacea)
Isabel C. Canet (Biology) Harald A. Rehder (Mollusks) u
John C. Harshbarger (Marine Frank R. Schwengal (Mollusks)
Invertebrates) I. G. Sohn (Crustacea)
Lipke B. Holthuis (Crustacea) Gilbert L. Voss (Mollusks)
Roman Kenk (Worms) Austin B. Williams (Crustacea)
J. Ralph Lichtenfels (Worms) David K. Young (Mollusks)
MINERAL SCIENCES
Chairman William G. Melson
Division of Meteorites
Curators Roy S. Clarke, Jr.
Brian H. Mason
Geochemists Kurt Fredriksson
Robert F. Fudali
Division of Mineralogy
Curator Paul E. Desautels
Associate Curator John S. White
Crystallographer Daniel E. Appleman
Division of Petrology and Volcanology
Curators Richard S. Fiske
Thomas E. Simkin
Physical Sciences Laboratory
Chemists Eugene Jarosewich
Joseph A. Nelen
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
Howard J. Axon (Meteorites) Paul B. Moore (Petrology)
Vago F. Buchwald (Meteorites) Rosser Reeves (Mineralogy)
William C. Buell IV (Volcanology) Arthur Roe (Mineralogy)
Gary R. Byerly (Petrology) John M. Sinton (Petrology)
John Filson (Petrology) 13 George Switzer (Mineralogy)
John J. Gurney (Petrology) Geoffrey Thompson (Petrology)
Edward P. Henderson (Meteorites) Othmar T. Tobisch (Petrology)
Peter A. Jezek (Petrology)14 John J. Trelawney (Mineralogy)
Peter Leavens (Mineralogy) Harry Winston (Mineralogy)
PALEOBIOLOGY
Chairman Martin A. Buzas 15
Collections Manager Frederick J. Collier
Invertebrate Paleontology
Curators Richard M. Benson
Richard S. Boardman
Martin A. Buzas
Alan H. Cheetham
Richard Cifelli
Richard E. Grant
13 Appointed February 1, 1977.
13 Appointed February 1, 1977.
14 Appointed June 1, 1977.
15 Appointed July 1, 1977.
436 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Erie G. Kauffman
Porter M. Kier
Thomas R. Waller
Geologist Kenneth M. Towe
Vertebrate Paleontology
Curators Nicholas Hotton III
Clayton E. Ray
Associate Curator Robert J. Emry
Paleobotany
Curators Walter H. Adey
Francis M. Hueber
Associate Curator Leo J. Hickey
Sedimentology
Curator Jack W. Pierce
Geological Oceanographer Daniel J. Stanley
Geologist Ian G. Macintyre
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
Patricia Adey Venka V. Macintyre
Arthur J. Boucot Andres Maldonado 1T
Anthony G. Coates Sergius H. Mamay
G. Arthur Cooper James F. Mello
Raymond Douglass Robert B. Neuman
J. Thomas Dutro William A. Oliver, Jr.
Douglas Emlong Axel A. Olsson
Robert M. Finks Thomas F. Phelan
C. Lewis Gazin John Pojeta, Jr.
Mackenzie Gordon, Jr. Charles A. Repenning
David Govoni Frederic R. Siegel
Richard Graus Norman F. Sohl
Peter J. Harmatuk Steven M. Stanley
Bruce N. Haugh 16 Robert S. Steneck u
Joseph E. Hazel Margaret Ruth Todd
Ralph W. Imlay Frank C. Whitmore, Jr.
Jeremy B. C. Jackson Druid Wilson 19
Gilbert Kelling John W. Wilson
Harry S. Ladd Wendell P. Woodring
N. Gary Lane Ellis P. Yochelson
Kenneth E. Lohman
VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY
Chairman Robert H. Gibbs, Jr.
Pishes
Curators Robert H. Gibbs, Jr.
Ernest A. Lachner
Victor G. Springer
Stanley H. Weitzman
Associate Curator William R. Taylor
10 Appointed May 1, 1977.
17 Appointed February 11, 1977.
w Appointed April 1, 1977.
19 Appointed May 1, 1976.
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 437
Reptiles and Amphibians
Curators W. Ronald Heyer
George R. Zug
Birds
Curators George E. Watson
Richard L. Zusi
Associate Curators Storrs Olson
Paul Slud
Mammals
Curators Charles O. Handley, Jr.
Henry W. Setzer
Richard W. Thorington, Jr.
Associate Curator James G. Mead
Research Associates, Collaborators, and Affiliated Scientists:
John W. Aldrich (Birds) Clyde J. Jones (Mammals)
Ronald Gail Altig (Reptiles, Amphibians) Roxie C. Laybourne (Birds)
Richard C. Banks (Birds) J. A. J. Meester (Mammals)
William Belton (Birds) Edgardo Mondolfi (Mammals)
Michael A. Bogan (Mammals) Russell E. Mumford (Mammals)
James E. Bohlke (Fishes) John Paradiso (Mammals)
Ronald A. Brandon (Reptiles, William F. Perrin (Mammals)
Amphibians) Dioscoro 5. Rabor (Birds)
Robert L. Brownell (Mammals) S. Dillon Ripley (Birds)
Howard W. Campbell (Reptiles, Rudolfo Ruibal (Reptiles,
Amphibians) Amphibians)
Daniel M. Cohen (Fishes) William Schevill (Mammals)
Bruce B. Collette (Fishes) Leonard P. Schultz (Fishes)
Carl H. Ernst (Reptiles, Amphibians) Ian R. Straughan (Reptiles,
Herbert Friedmann (Birds) Amphibians)
Jeffery Froehlich (Mammals) 20 Stephen G. Tilley (Reptiles,
Alfred L. Gardner (Mammals) Richard Wassersug (Reptiles,
Richard Highton (Reptiles, Amphibians) Amphibians)
Marshall A. Howe (Birds) John C. Weske (Birds)
James E. Huheey (Reptiles, Amphibians) Alexander Wetmore (Birds)
Philip S. Humphrey (Birds) Ralph E. Wetzel (Mammals)
George J. Jacobs (Reptiles, James D. Williams (Fishes)
Amphibians) Don E. Wilson (Mammals)
Frances C. James (Birds)
SMITHSONIAN OCEANOGRAPHIC SORTING CENTER
Director Betty J. Landrum
Senior Scientist Robert P. Higgins
Supervisory Marine Biologists Frank D. Ferrari
Leslie W. Knapp
Herman A. Fehlmann m
Richard S. Houbrick M
Oceanographer Catherine J. Kerby
20 Appointed October 1, 1976.
21 Appointed April 24, 1977.
22 Transferred March 13, 1977.
438 / Smithsonian Year 1977
NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK
Director Theodore H. Reed
Deputy Director Edward Kohn
General Curator,
Office of Animal Management Jaren G. Horsley
Curators William A. Xanten, Jr.
Miles S. Robert
Harold J. Egoscue
Dale L. Marcellini
Michael L. Davenport
Charles W. Pickett, Jr.
Scientist-in-Charge,
Office of Zoological Research John F. Eisenberg
Scientific Staff Devra G. Kleiman
Eugene S. Morton
Gerald G. Montgomery
Associate in Ecology S. Dillon Ripley
Research Associates:
Jean Delacour Rasnayagam Rudran
Wolfgang Dittus John C. Seidensticker IV
Edwin Gould James A. Sherburne
Theodore Grand Susan A. Wilson
Robert Hoage Bernard Zook
Edgardo Mondolfi
Collaborators Paul Leyhausen
Chief, Office of Animal Health Mitchell Bush
Senior Veterinarian Clinton W. Gray
Chief, Office of Pathology Richard J. Montali
Research Associates:
William Marsh Charles O. Thoen K. J. Kwon-Chung
Gary Hodgen Ulysses S. Seal Peter Nye
Robert Jenness Tom J. Quan Lloyd Knutson
Joseph P. Crisler Marsha Serre John D. Strandberg
Curator-in-Charge, Conservation and
Research Center Christen M. Wemmer
Chief, Office of Education and
Information Judith White
Chief, Office of Graphics and Exhibits . Robert E. Mulcahy
Chief, Office of Construction
Management Robert C. Engle
Chief, Office of Facilities Management . Emanuel Petrella
Chief, Office of Police and Safety Samuel L. Middleton, Jr.
Chief, Office of Management Services . . Joe W. Reed
Director, Friends of the National Zoo . . Sabin Robbins
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
Acting Director Kennedy B. Schmertz
SMITHSONIAN FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM
Director Kennedy B. Schmertz
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 439
Program Officer LeRoy Makepeace
Grants Specialists Betty J. Wingfield
Francine C. Berkowitz
INTERNATIONAL LIAISON SECTION
Acting Director Richard T. Conroy
Diplomat in Residence (United States
Information Agency assignment) .... H. W. Timrud
International Liaison Specialist Saundra Tilghman
RADIATION BIOLOGY LABORATORY
Director William H. Klein
Assistant Director W. Shropshire, Jr.
Agricultural Engineer John Sager
Anthropologist Robert Stuckenrath
Biochemist Maurice Margulies
Biologists Elisabeth Gantt
Rebecca Hayes
Biophysist Merten Jabben
Developmental Biologist Gloria Devore
Geneticist Roy W. Harding, Jr.
Physicists Bernard Goldberg
Josef Grabowski
Physiological Ecologist Bert Drake
Stephen Turitzin
Plant Physiologists Charles F. Cleland
Gerald Deitzer
John L. Edwards
Tetzuya Katoh
William O. Smith
Solar Radiation Biologist David W. Hopkins
SMITHSONIAN ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY
(Including Harvard Members of the Center for Astrophysics)
Director George B. Field
Assistant Director John G. Gregory
Imad Ahmad John J. Cowan
Kaare Aksnes Alex Dalgarno
Eugene H. Avrett Vicenzo Daneu
Thomas Ayres Marc Davis
James G. Baker Robert J. Davis
John A. Ball Anthony J. DeGregoria
Doron Bardas John P. Delvaille
Barbara Bell Dale F. Dickinson
Edward L. Bosworth Kate K. Docken
Graziella Brandvardi Bruce Draine
Robert Brown Theodore Dunham
A. G. W. Cameron Andrea K. Dupree
Bartley Cardon Bruce Elmegreen
Frederic Chaffee Giuseppina Fabbiano
Eric J. Chaisson S. Michael Fall
Steven Christensen Giovanni G. Fazio
Giuseppe Colombo Brian P. Flannery
Eustratios Constantinides Edward L. Fireman
Alan F. Cook William Forman
440 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Peter V. Foukal
Fred A. Franklin
Daryl E. Freeman
Edward M. Gaposchkin
Margaret Geller
Giorgio Giacaglia
Owen Gingerich
Leon Golub
Paul Gorenstein
Carl A. Gottlieb
Richard E. Griffiths
Jonathan Grindlay
Mario Grossi
Steven L. Guberman
Herbert Gursky
Wendy Hagen
Frank R. Harnden, Jr.
Lee Hartmann
Timothy Heil
Henry F. Helmken
John P. Huchra
Luigi G. Jacchia
Glyn M. Jones
Christine Jones-Forman
Paul F. Julien
Paul Kalaghan
Wolfgang Kalkofen
Edwin Kellogg
Hiroshi Kinoshita
Barry Kirkham
Douglas Kleinmann
John L. Kohl
Yoshihide Kozai
Max Krook
Robert L. Kurucz
Charles J. Lada
David Latham
David Layzer
Myron Lecar
Alan M. Levine
Martin Levine
Randolph Levine
Margaret N. Lewis
Alan Lightman
Martha Liller
William Liller
A. Edward Lilley
Marvin Litvak
Marcus Machado
Brian G. Marsden
Ursula B. Marvin
Edward Mattison
Alan Maxwell
Richard E. McCrosky
Marshall Melin
Lawrence W. Mertz
Paul A. Mohr
James Moran
Stephen S. Murray
Giancarlo Noci
Robert W. Noyes
Michael Oppenheimer
Robert Pallavicini
Costas Papaliolios
William H. Parkinson
Daniel P. Parsignault
Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin
Michael R. Pearlman
David Perlman
Geraldine Peters
William Press
Harrison E. Radford
John C. Raymond
Edmond M. Reeves
Mark Reid
Steven M. Richardson
Max Roemer
Fred Rosenberg
Robert Rosner
Micheline Roufosse
George B. Rybicki
Graham Ryder
Winfield W. Salisbury
Rudolph E. Schild
Edward J. Schmahl
Herbert Schnopper
Ethan J. Schreier
Daniel A. Schwartz
Charles Skinner
Joseph Schwarz
Zdenek Sekanina
Salvator Serio
Larry Smarr
Peter L. Smith
Robert F. Stein
Harvey D. Tananbaum
Paul O. Taylor
J. Gethyn Timothy
Wesley A. Traub
Wallace H. Tucker
Edwin L. Turner
Giuseppe S. Vaiana
Leon van Speybroeck
George Veis
Jorge E. Vernazza
Robert F. C. Vessot
George Victor
Peter Vitello
Henry I. Wadzinski
Deborah Watson
Trevor C. Weekes
Dorothy Weeks
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 441
Steven Weinberg George L. Withbroe
Fred L. Whipple John A. Wood
Charles A. Whitney Fred Young
SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Director Ira Rubinoff
Special Assistant to Director Adela Gomez
Assistant Director A. Stanley Rand
Assistant Director (Academic Programs). Neal G. Smith
Senior Scientist Martin H. Moynihan
Marine Coordinator Robert W. Rubinoff
Facilities Manager Thomas R. Borges
Librarian Alcira Mejia
Staff Assistant Elena Lombardo
Administrative Aide Georgina DeAlba
Scientific Staff:
Robert L. Dressier David Ross Robertson
Mary Jane West Eberhard Arcadio Rodaniche
Peter W. Glynn Michael H. Robinson
Jeffrey B. Graham Robert E. Silberglied
Gordon Hendler Alan P. Smith
Egbert Leigh Jr. Nicholas Smythe
Olga F. Linares Donald Windsor
Gerald G. Montgomery Hindrik Wolda
Research Associates:
Humberto Alvarez Pedro Galindo
Carlos Arellano L. Carmen Glynn
Charles F. Bennett, Jr. Yael Lubin
Jose Ignacio Borrero Ernest Mayr
Deborah Caldwell Hahn Barbara Robinson
Richard Cooke W. John Smith
Reinaldo Dias V. Henry Stockwell
William G. Eberhard Paulo E. Vanzolini
Nathan Gale Martin Young
HISTORY AND ART
Assistant Secretary Charles Blitzer
Special Assistants to the
Assistant Secretary Dean Anderson
Susan Hamilton
ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN ART
NEW YORK (ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE)
Director William E. Woolfenden
Membership Secretary Frances Mangiaracina
Clerk Eve Peterson
WASHINGTON (PROCESSING OFFICE)
Deputy Director/Archivist Garnett McCoy
Administrative Officer Richard J. Nicastro
442 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Secretary Elizabeth C. James
Curator of Manuscripts Arthur Breton
Assistant Curator of Manuscripts .... Nancy Zembala
Archives Technicians Linda Best
Ann Ferante
William Ballard
Judith Allen
Alicia Stamm
Microfilmer Gloria Robinson
NEW YORK AREA OFFICE
Area Director William McNaught
Secretary Jemison Hammond
Lillian Clagett
Field Researcher Ivor Avellino
BOSTON AREA OFFICE
Area Director Robert Brown
Secretary Nancy Ferguson
Archives Technician Joyce Tyler
Archives Clerk Demetra Pulos
DETROIT AREA OFFICE
Area Director Dennis Barrie
Administrative Aide Marilyn Wheaton
Archives Technicians Marilyn Florek
Jeannie Bentley
SAN FRANCISCO AREA OFFICE
Area Director Paul Karlstrom
Secretary Judy Reis
Archives Technician Nancy Jones
COOPER-HEWITT MUSEUM OF DESIGN AND DECORATIVE ARTS
Director Lisa Suter Taylor
Administrator and Curator of
Collections Christian Rohlfing
Administator John Dobkin
Curator of Drawings and Prints Elaine Evans Dee
Technician for Drawings and Prints . . . Xenia Cage
Curator of Textiles Milton Sonday
Consultant for Textiles Alice Baldwin Beer
Curator of Architecture and Design . . Richard B. Oliver
Registrar Elizabeth Burnham
Assistant Registrar Sheila Silverman
Exhibits Specialist Dorothy Twining Globus
Exhibits Research Lucy Fellowes
Program Coordinator Jane Clark
Membership Coordinator Mary Kerr
Programs and Membership Assistant . . . Jennifer Jarvis
Librarian Robert Kaufmann
Building Manager Manuel Perez
Chief of Security Luis Palau
Assistant to the Director Pamela Theodoredis
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 443
Secretary to the Director Susan Yelavich
Assistant for Administration Heston Clapp
Receptionist Moira Megargee
Publications Editor Brenda Gilchrist
Picture Editor Lisa Little
Textile Conservator Lucy Commoner
Public Relations Isabelle Silverman
Library Assistant Margaret Luchars
Museum Shop Managers Ann Mitchell, Jesse Nolan
FREER GALLERY OF ART
Director Vacant
Assistant Director Thomas Lawton
Associate Curator, Chinese Art Hin-cheung Lovell
Associate Curator, Near Eastern Art . . Esin Atil
Assistant Curator, American Art Susan Hobbs
Head Conservator, Technical Laboratory W. Thomas Chase III
Conservator John Winter
Conservator Lynda Zycherman
Research Curator, Far Eastern Ceramics. John A. Pope
Research Assistant Josephine H. Knapp
Librarian Priscilla P. Smith
Administrative Officer Willa R. Moore
Registrar Eleanor Radcliffe
Assistant Registrar Judy M. Keene
Honorary Associates Richard Edwards
Calvin French
HIRSHHORN MUSEUM AND SCULPTURE GARDEN
Director Abram Lerner
Deputy Director Stephen E. Weil
Administrative Officer Nancy F. Kirkpatrick
Chief Curator Charles W. Millard
Curator Cynthia J. McCabe
Curator Inez Garson
Curator Frank Gettings
Curatorial Assistant Phyllis Rosenzweig
Librarian Anna Brooke
Conservator Laurence Hoffman
Registrar Douglas Robinson
Chief, Education Edward Lawson
Chief, Exhibits and Design Joseph Shannon
Program Manager (Auditorium) Barbara Coleson
Information Specialist Sidney Lawrence
Photographer John Tennant
Building Service Coordinator Frank Underwood
JOSEPH HENRY PAPERS
Editor Nathan Reingold
Assistant Editor Arthur P. Molella
Assistant Editor Marc Rothenberg
Staff Historian Kathleen Waldenfels
Research Assistant Joel N. Bodansky
Secretary Beverly Jo Lepley
444 / Smithsonian Year 1977
NATIONAL COLLECTION OF FINE ARTS
Director Joshua C. Taylor
Assistant Director Harry Lowe
Administrator H. Eugene Kelson
Adjunct Curator,
20th Century Painting and Sculpture . Walter Hopps
Associate Curator,
20th Century Painting and Sculpture . Harry Rand
Consultant,
20th Century Painting and Sculpture. Adelyn Breeskin
Curator,
18th and 19th Century Painting and
Sculpture William H. Truettner
Associate Curator, 18th and 19th
Century Painting and Sculpture .... Robin Bolton-Smith
Curator, Prints and Drawings Janet Flint
Assistant Curator, Prints and Drawings Martina Norelli
Curator of Education Peter Bermingham
Associate Curator of Education Teresa Grana
Director, Renwick Gallery Lloyd Herman
Associate Curator, Renwick Gallery . . Michael Monroe
Curator of Research Lois Fink
Chief, Office of Exhibition and Design . David Keeler
Conservators Thomas Carter
Katherine Eirk
Stefano Scafetta
Editor, Office of Publications Carroll Clark
Chief, Office of Public Affairs Margery Bvers
Chief, Office of Slides and Photography Eleanor Fink
Chief, Office of Program Support Lois Bingham
Coordinator, Inventory of American
Paintings Martha Andrews
Librarian, NCFA/NPG William B. Walker
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY
Director Brooke Hindle
Deputy Director Silvio A. Bedini
Assistant Director for Administration . Robert G. Tillotson
Assistant Director for Exhibits Benjamin W. Lawless
Administrative Officer Jean J. Middleton
Registrar Virginia Beets
Assistant Registrar Martha Morris
Special Events Officer Geraldine E. Sanderson
Coordinator of Education Alice R. Malone
Historian Robert C. Post
APPLIED ARTS
Chairman Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli
Graphic Arts
Associate Curators Elizabeth M. Harris
Peter C. Marzio
Numismatics
Curators Vladimir Clain-Stefanelli
Elvira Clain-Stefanelli
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 445
Photographic History
Curator Eugene Ostroff
Postal History
Associate Curator Franklin R. Bruns
Curator Carl H. Scheele
Associate Curator Reidar Norby
Textiles
Curator Rita J. Adrosko
Honorary :
Numismatics R. Henry Norweb
Emery May Norweb
CULTURAL HISTORY
Chairman Richard E. Ahlborn
Senior Curator C. Malcolm Watkins
Costume and Furnishings
Curator Rodris Roth
Associate Curator Claudia B. Kidwell
Curator Emeritus Anne W. Murray
Ethnic and Western Cultural History
Curator Richard E. Ahlborn
Musical Instruments
Curators John T. Fesperman
Cynthia A. Hoover
Associate Curator James M. Weaver
Preindustrial Cultural History
Associate Curator Anne C. Golovin
Honorary:
Musical Instruments Mrs. Sheridan Germann
Preindustrial Cultural History Joan Pearson Watkins
INDUSTRIES
Chairman John T. Schlebecker, Jr.
Extractive Industries
Curator John T. Schlebecker, Jr.
Associate Curator John N. Hoffman
Assistant Curator George T. Sharrer
Ceramics and Class
Curator J. Jefferson Miller II
Transportation
Curators John H. White, Jr.
Melvin H. Jackson
Associate Curator Don H. Berkebile
Honorary:
Ceramics and Glass Hans Syz
Manufacturing Philip W. Bishop
Transportation Peter B. Bell
NATIONAL AND MILITARY HISTORY
Chairman Margaret B. Klapthor
446 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Military History
Curator Craddock R. Goins, Jr.
Associate Curator Donald E. Kloster
Naval History
Curators Philip K. Lundeberg
Harold D. Langley
Political History
Curator Margaret B. Klapthor
Associate Curator Herbert R. Collins
Assistant Curator Edith P. Mayo
Eisenhower Institute for Historical Research
Director Forrest C. Pogue
Honorary:
Naval History Dr. Lee Houchins
Military History Anne S. K. Brown
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Chairman Otto Mayr
Senior Scientific Scholar Robert P. Multhauf
Electricity and Nuclear Energy
Curator Bernard S. Finn
Paul Forman
Mechanical and Civil Engineering
Curators Robert M. Vogel
Edwin A. Battison
Otto Mayr
Medical Sciences
Associate Curator Audrey B. Davis
Physical Sciences
Associate Curator Deborah J. Warner
Curator Faye Cannon
Associate Curator Jon B. Eklund
Section of Mathematics
Curator Uta C. Merzbach
Honorary:
Electricity and Nuclear Energy Ladislaus L. Marton
Gerald F. Tyne
Physical Sciences Arthur Frazier
Science and Technology Bern Dibner
OFFICE OF EXHIBITS
Assistant Director for Exhibits Benjamin W. Lawless
Chief, Exhibits Design Richard S. Virgo
Chief, Exhibits Production Walter N. Lewis
OFFICE OF BUILDING MANAGEMENT
Building Manager Lawrence A. Bush
Assistant Building Manager Donald A. Osbourn
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 447
NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY
Director Marvin Sadik
Assistant Director and
Administrative Officer Douglas E. Evelyn
Historian Marc Pachter
Curator Robert G. Stewart
Associate Curator Monroe Fabian
Coordinator of Exhibitions Beverly J. Cox
Curator of Education Dennis O'Toole
Associate Curator of Education Kenneth Yellis
Chief, Exhibits Design and Production . Nello Marconi
Keeper of the Catalogue of American
Portraits Mona Dearborn
Editor Frances S. Wein
Senior Conservator Felrath Hines
Librarian (npg-ncfa) William B. Walker
Photographer Eugene L. Mantie
Registrar Suzanne Jenkins
Public Affairs Officer Carol Cutler
OFFICE OF ACADEMIC STUDIES
Co-directors Edward Davidson
Gretchen Gayle Ellsworth
OFFICE OF AMERICAN AND FOLKLIFE STUDIES
Director Wilcomb E. Washburn
Secretary Susan Sunkin
FOLKLIFE UNIT
Director Ralph C. Rinzler
Deputy Director Robert H. Byington
Ethnomusicologist Thomas Vennum, Jr.
Folklorist Susan Kalcik
Folklorist Jack Santino
Folklorist Steven Zeitlin
Archivist Frank Proschan
Program Coordinator Jeffrey LaRiche
Designer Janet Stratton
MUSEUM PROGRAMS
Assistant Secretary Paul N. Perrot
Executive Assistant William N. Richards
National Musem Act Coordinator .... F. Matilda Wells
CONSERVATION ANALYTICAL LABORATORY
Chief Robert M. Organ
Research Chemist Jacqueline S. Olin
Paintings Conservator Anton Konrad
Supervisory Conservator Eleanor McMillan
Administrative Officer Montague Smith
Conservator Walter Angst
Clerk Typist Claire M. Beerman
448 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Conservator Gregory Byrne
Thermoluminescence Dating Kirkwood Cunningham
Conservator Mary L. Garbin
Metallurgist Martha Goodway
Chemist Walter Hopwood
Conservator Nikki Horton
Conservator Aide Eleni Martin
Conservator Edward McManus
Conservation-Scientist Barbara A. Miller
Conservation-Scientist Joan W. Mishara
Information Officer Linda Scheifler
Chemist Harold Westley
Secretary Minnie Krantz
OFFICE OF EXHIBITS CENTRAL
Chief James A. Mahoney
Assistant Chief Constance Minkin
Administrative Officer William M. Clark
Chief of Design James A. Mahoney
Assistant Chief of Design Kenneth V. Young
Chief of Production John C. Widener
Assistant Chief of Production Joseph W. Saunders
Supervisor, Exhibit Editors Office Constance Minkin
Director, Motion Picture Unit Karen Loveland
Supervisor, Museum Lighting Unit .... Carroll B. Lusk
OFFICE OF HORTICULTURE
Horticulturist James R. Buckler
Program Assistant John W. Monday
Administrative Services Assistant Michele C. Sengsourinh
Horticultural Technician Lauranne C. Nash
Foreman, Grounds Management
Division Kenneth Hawkins
Foreman, Greenhouse-Nursery
Division Augst A. Dietz, IV
OFFICE OF MUSEUM PROGRAMS
Program Coordinator Jane R. Glaser
Administrative Officer Gwendolyn G. Baker
Assistant Program Manager, Training . Margaret B. Parsons
Native American Museum Training
Coordinator James A. Hanson
Program Coordinator, Conservation
Information Program Elena Borowski
Television Production Specialist Michael B. Sassani
Psychologist/Evaluator Vacant
Reference Library Technician Julie Diepenbrock
OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR
Registrar Philip Leslie
Assistant Registrar Mary W. Lund
Management Assistant Melva L. Simmons
Secretary Stephen A. Boruchowitz
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 449
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION ARCHIVES
Archivist Richard H. Lytle
Deputy Archivist William A. Deiss
Associate Archivists Alan L. Bain
James A. Steed
Assistant Archivist Richard V. Szary
Supervisory Archives Technician Norwood N. Biggs
Oral Historian Pamela Henson
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES
Director of Libraries Russell Shank 23
Assistant Director for Management
and Development Elaine Sloan '*'*
Administrative Librarian Thomas L. Wilding
Administrative Officer Mary C. Quinn
Assistant Director of Libraries for
Technical Services Vija L. Karklins
Conservator Johannes H. Hyltof t "
Special Projects Librarian Toni Waller 26
Acquisitions Service
Chief Mildred D. Raitt
Gift and Exchange Librarian Sharon H. Sweeting
Order Librarian William B. Neff
Serials Librarian Robert W. Hull
Cataloguing Services
Chief Mary Jane H. Linn
Cataloguers Angeline D. Ashford
Charles H. King
Helen S. Nordberg
Margaret A. Sealor
Bertha S. Sohn
Frances W. Penfold
Joan B. Anderson **
Processing Services
Chief Mary J. Pierce
Bibliographic Support Services
Chief Victoria Avera
Assistant Director of Libraries
for Institution Services Jean C. Smith 2S
.Access Services
Chief Jack F. Marquardt
Assistant Chief Amy E. Levin
Bibliographer for the History of Science
and Technology Jack S. Goodwin
Bureau Libraries
Chesapeake Bay Center for
Environmental Studies
Librarian Mary Clare Gray
26
Resigned July 1, 1977. M Resigned May 31, 1977.
Resigned January 7, 1977. "* Resigned June 24, 1977.
Appointed November 1, 1976. M Acting Director, July 2, 1977.
450 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Freer Gallery of Art
Librarian Priscilla B. Smith
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Librarian Anna M. Brooke
National Air and Space Museum
Librarian Catherine D. Scott
Reference Librarian Dominick A. Pisano
National Collection of Fine Arts and
National Portrait Gallery
Librarian William B. Walker
Reference Librarian Katharine Ratzenberger
National Museum of History and
Technology
Librarian Frank A. Pietropaoli
Reference Librarian Charles G. Berger
Reference Librarian Barbara F. Veloz
Rare Book Librarian William J. Leugood ^
National Museum of Natural History
Librarian Sylvia J. Churgin
Anthropology Branch Librarian Janette K. Saquet
Botany Branch Librarian Ruth F. Schallert
National Zoological Park
Librarian Mary Clare Gray
Reference Librarian Diane S. Cunningham 30
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Librarian Joyce M. Rey
Smithsonian Radiation Biology
Laboratory
Librarian Mary Clare Gray
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Librarian Alcira Mejia
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
TRAVELING EXHIBITION SERVICE
Director Dennis Gould
Administrative Staff
Administrative Officer Antonio Diez
Registrar Emily Dyer
Assistant Registrar Zaida Gipson
Assistant Registrar Karen Hinkle
Accountant Marie-Claire Jean
Secretaries Michele Newman
Karen Pedone
General Exhibitions Program
Program Officer Anne Gossett
Exhibitions Coordinator Quinton Hallett
29 Resigned June 3, 1977.
30 Appointed March 20, 1977.
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 451
32
Exhibitions Coordinator Regina Lipsky
Exhibitions Coordinator William Kloss
Program Coordinator Marjorie Share
American Studies Program
American Studies Coordinator Andrea Stevens
Program Coordinator Robin Lynn 31
Exhibitions/Program Coordinator Lary Rosenblatt :
Exhibitions Coordinator Nancy Davis
Science Exhibitions Coordinator Deborah Dawson
Science Exhibitions Coordinator Martha Cappelletti
"International Salute to the States" Program
Project Coordinator Eileen Rose
Public Affairs/Exhibitions Coordinator . Eileen Harakal
Secretary Sharon Harrison
PUBLIC SERVICE
Assistant Secretary Julian T. Euell
Executive Assistant Vincent L. MacDonnell
Administrative Officer Jewell S. Dulaney
ANACOSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM
Director John R. Kinard
Training Officer John Bradshaw
Administrative Officer Audrey Archer
Supervisory Program Manager
(Education) Zora Martin-Felton
Program Manager (Outreach) Fletcher A. Smith
Historian Louise Daniels Hutchinson
Program Specialist Carolyn Margolis
Exhibits Program Manager Vacant
Visual Information Specialist Larry E. Thomas
Supervisory Exhibits Specialist James E. Mayo
Exhibits Specialist James Campbell
Exhibits Specialist James Daniels
DIVISION OF PERFORMING ARTS
Director James R. Morris
Deputy Director Richard P. Lusher
Assistant Director Saul Baran
Administrative Officer Edgar H. Dye
Director, Jazz and American
Culture Program Martin Williams
Coordinator, Jazz Oral History Project . J. R. Taylor
Administrative Coordinator,
African Diaspora Program Rosie Lee Hooks
Program Officer,
African Diaspora Program Bernice Johnson Reagon
Director, Museum Programs and
International Cultural Exchange .... Shirley Cherkasky
81 Resigned January 1977.
12 Resigned July 1977.
452 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Director, Education Services Cynthia Hightower
Public Affairs Officer Susanne Roschwalb
Assistant Public Affairs Officer Manuel Melendez
Art Director Janet B. Stratton
Development Officer Barrick Groom
Production Manager B. C. May
OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
Education Program Coordinator David W. Estabrook
Assistant Education Coordinator Selma A. Searles
Education Specialist Ann P. Bay
OFFICE OF SMITHSONIAN SYMPOSIA AND SEMINARS
Director Wilton S. Dillon
Deputy Director Dorothy Richardson
Program Specialist Carla M. Borden
OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Director Nazaret Cherkezian
Senior Telecommunications Specialist . William C. Grayson
Telecommunications Specialist Paul B. Johnson
Radio Production Specialist Ann M. Carroll
Production Coordinator Lawrence E. Kline, Jr.
Assistant Production Coordinator .... Jean B. Quinnette
SMITHSONIAN RESIDENT ASSOCIATE PROGRAM
Director Janet W. Solinger
Assistant Director for Administration . Edwin H. Able "
Assistant Director for Programming . . Michael C. Alin
Program Coordinators Paul J. Edelson
Moya B. King
Dena Sollins M
Associate Program Coordinators Edward P. Gallagher
Roberta Lederer
Christine Parker
Nancy H. Starr ■
Consultant, Studio Arts Andy Leon Harney
Membership Coordinator Jeanne B. George
Art Director Margaret V. Lee
Public Information Specialist Helen A. Marvel
Assistant Public Information Specialist. Michael L. Roney
Registrar, Associate Classes Xenia Sorokin Arnelle
Registrar, Special Events, Trips and
Tours Nuzhat Sultan-Khan
Volunteer Coordinator Elinor Emlet
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
Acting Director Edward F. Rivinus
Deputy Director Felix C. Lowe
Administrative Officer Georgianna Hahn
General Publications Managing Editor . Maureen R. Jacoby
83 Replaced by Darryl Hansen in September 1977.
" Replaced by Nancy H. Starr in July 1977.
86 Replaced by Judith O'Sullivan in July 1977.
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 453
Series Managing Editor Albert L. Ruffin, Jr.
Production/Design Manager Stephen Kraft
Production Controller Lawrence J. Long
Series Production Manager Charles L. Shaffer
Distribution Manager Frederick H. MacVicar
Editors Mary Frances Bell
Louise J. Heskett
Joan B. Horn
John Korytowski
Nancy L. Powars
Barbara Spann
Ruth Spiegel
Writer/Editor Hope G. Pantell
Designer to the Smithsonian Crimilda Pontes
Designers Natalie Bigelow
Elizabeth Sur
Publications Assistant Theresa F. Hostetler
Publications Technician Rosa E. Maness
Publications Clerks Brenda Green
Florence R. Morgan
SMITHSONIAN MAGAZINE
Editor and Publisher Edward K. Thompson
Executive Editor Ralph Backlund
Members, Board of Editors Don Bronkema
Grayce P. Northcross
Edwards Park
Bennett Schiff
John P. Wiley, Jr.
Richard L. Williams
Associate Publisher Joseph J. Bonsignore
Advertising Director Thomas H. Black
Circulation-Promotion Director Anne Keating
Picture Associate Caroline Despard
Production Nannie Shanahan
Business Carey O. Randall
VISITOR INFORMATION AND ASSOCIATES' RECEPTION CENTER
Director Mary Grace Potter
Deputy, Information Services Carolyn Clampitt
Program Coordinator, Independent
Volunteer Placement Service Sally S. Covel
Public Inquiry Specialist Ann Perper
Officer Manager Margaret Ellis
Assistant Weekend Coordinator Jennifer Williams
Editor Maria Heasly
Program Assistant Kathryn Simpson
Building Coordinator Gilmer VanPoole
Building Coordinator Grace Gast
MEMBERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT
Director James McK. Symington
454 / Smithsonian Year 1977
OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT
Deputy Director James R. Lyons
Associate Development Officers Arthur W. Gardner
E. Jeffrey Stann
Research Associate Martha McLure
NATIONAL ASSOCIATES PROGRAM
General Manager Robert H. Angle
Regional Associates Program
Program Coordinator Charlene James
Program Assistant Amy Kotkin
Contributing Membership
Program Assistant Jessie A. Brinkley
Associates Travel Program
Travel Manager Jacqueline Austin
Program Coordinators Prudence Clendenning
Barbara Schneider
ADMINISTRATION
Assistant Secretary John F. Jameson
Administrative Officer John Motheral
Director, Agenda Office Robert L. Farrell
Director, Office of Audits Chris S. Peratino
Assistant Director Patrick J. Stanton
Assistant Director Benedict T. Maltagliati
FINANCIAL SERVICES
Treasurer T. Ames Wheeler
Assistant to the Treasurer Christian C. Hohenlohe
Director, Office of Programming
and Budget Jon E. Yellin
Director, Business Management Office . Richard Griesel
Director, Accounting Division Allen S. Goff
Director, Grants and Insurance Division Phillip A. Babcock
Director, Investment Accounting
Division Ernest A. Berger
Director, Smithsonian Museum Shops . James J. Chmelik
Director, Belmont Conference Center . . Mary B. Force
OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL
General Counsel Peter G. Powers
Associate General Counsel Alan D. Ullberg
Assistant General Counsels George S. Robinson
Suzanne D. Murphy
Marie C. Malaro
Robert A. Dierker
James I. Wilson
John W. Lang III
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 455
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
Director Richard L. Ault
Assistant Director Michael R. League
Administrative Officer Mary Anne Sedillo
Contracting Officer, Contracts Office . . Elbridge O. Hurlbut
Director, Management Analysis Office . Ann S. Campbell
Director, Office of Computer Services . Stanley A. Kovy
Director, Office of Equal Opportunity . Will Douglas, Jr.
Director, Office of Personnel
Administration Howard Toy
Director, Office of Protection Services . Robert B. Burke, Jr.
Chief, Travel Services Office Betty V. Strickler
Director, Office of Plant Services Kenneth E. Shaw
Director, Office of Facilities Planning
and Engineering Services Phillip K. Reiss
Director, Office of Printing and
Photographic Services James H. Wallace, Jr.
Director, Office of Supply Services .... Harry P. Barton
Director, International Exchange
Service John E. Estes
WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS
Director James H. Billington
Deputy Director George R. Packard
Editor, Wilson Quarterly and Center
Publications Peter Braestrup
Librarian Zdenek V. David
Publications Officer Elizabeth G. Dixon
Assistant Director for Administration . William M. Dunn
Coordinator, State and Local
Government Program Robert B. Hawkins, Jr.
Special Assistant to the Director Edythe M. Holbrook
Assistant Director for Fellowship
Selection and Coordinator,
Division of Resources, Environment,
and Interdependence Michael J. Lacey
Secretary, Latin American Program . . . Abraham F. Lowenthal
Special Assistant to the Director George Liston Seay
Secretary, Kennan Institute, and
Assistant Director S. Frederick Starr
Executive Assistant to the Director .... Mernie Wright Weathers
Secretary, International Security
Studies Program Samuel F. Wells, Jr.
JOHN F. KENNEDY CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS
Honorary Chairmen Mrs. Jimmy Carter
Mrs. Gerald R. Ford
Mrs. Richard M. Nixon
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
Mrs. Aristotle Onassis
Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower
Chairman Roger L. Stevens
456 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Vice Chairmen Charles H. Percy
Henry Strong
Secretary Frank N. Ikard
Assistant Secretary Charlotte Woolard
Treasurer W. Jarvis Moody
Assistant Treasurers James F. Rogers
William H. Ryland
Henry Strong
General Counsel Harry C. McPherson, Jr.
Associate Counsel William W. Becker
Executive Director of Performing Arts . Martin Feinstein
General Manager of Theaters Alexander Morr
Director of Operations Thomas R. Kendrick
READING IS FUNDAMENTAL, INC.
Chairman of the Board and President . Mrs. Robert S. McNamara
National Executive Director Mrs. Ruth Graves
Director of Operations Arnold Baker
Deputy Director for Administration
and Program Services Joyce Chabot
Deputy Director for Resource
Coordination Barbara Atkinson
SMITHSONIAN SCIENCE INFORMATION EXCHANGE,
INCORPORATED
President David F. Hersey
Vice President, Medical Division Donald A. Elliott
Vice President, Professional Services . . Donald A. Elliott
Vice President, Program Planning,
Management and Administration . . . David W. Lakamp
Vice President, Science Division Vacant
Vice President, Data Processing Martin Snyderman
Treasurer David W. Lakamp
Assistant Treasurer and Secretary .... Evelyn M. Roll
Marketing Manager Janet D. Goldstein
MEDICAL DIVISION
Director Donald A. Elliott
Director, Current Cancer Research
Project Analysis Center Donald A. Elliott
Deputy, Medical Division Charlotte M. Damron
Chief, Medical Sciences Branch Charlotte M. Damron
SCIENCE DIVISION
Director Vacant
Deputy Science Division Samuel Liebman
Chief, Behavioral Science Branch Rhoda Goldman
Chief, Social Sciences Branch Ann Riordan
Chief, Agricultural Sciences Branch . . . William T. Carlson
Chief, Biological Sciences Branch James R. Wheatley, Jr.
Chief, Chemistry Branch Samuel Liebman
Chief, Materials and Engineering
Branch William H. Payne
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 457
Chief, Physics, Mathematics and
Electronics Branch Robert Summers
Chief, Earth Sciences Branch Francis L. Witkege
DATA PROCESSING DIVISION
Director Martin Snyderman
Deputy Bernard L. Hunt
Manager, Input Services Branch Jack Devore
Manager Systems Development Branch. Bernard L. Hunt
Manager, Programming and Reports
Services Branch Robert A. Kline
Manager, Computer Operations Branch. Paul Gallucci
NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART
President Paul Mellon
Vice President John Hay Whitney
Director J. Carter Brown
Assistant Director Charles P. Parkhurst
Treasurer Robert C. Goetz
Administrator Joseph G. English
Secretary and General Counsel Robert Amory, Jr.
Staff
Assistant to the Director, Music Richard Bales
Assistant to the Director,
National Programs W. Howard Adams
Assistant to the Director,
Public Information Katherine Warwick
Assistant to the Director, Special Events Robert L. Pell
Planning Consultant David W. Scott
Construction Manager Hurley F. Offenbacher
Curator of American Painting John H. Wilmerding
Chief Librarian J. M. Edelstein
Chief, Education Margaret I. Bouton
Head, Extension Program Development . Joseph J. Reis
Head, Art Information Service Elise V. H. Ferber
Editor Theodore S. Amussen
Chief, Photographic Laboratory William J. Sumits
Curator of Photographic Archives .... Ruth Rowe Philbrick
Senior Conservator Victor C. B. Covey
Head, Exhibitions and Loans Jack C. Spinx
Head, Department of Design and
Installation Gaillard F. Ravenel
Registrar Peter Davidock, Jr.
Curator of Early Italian and
Tuscan Painting David A. Brown
Curator of Graphic Arts Andrew C. Robinson, Jr.
Curator of French Painting David E. Rust
Curator of Sculpture Douglas Lewis, Jr.
Curator of Twentieth-Century Art .... E. A. Carmean, Jr.
Curator of Northern and Later
Italian Painting Sheldon Grossman
Curator of Northern European
Painting John O. Hand
458 / Smithsonian Year 1977
Curator of Dutch Painting Arthur K. Wheelock
Curator of Spanish Painting Anna Voris
Assistant Treasurer James W. Woodard
Assistant Administrator George W. Riggs
Assistant General Counsel Elizabeth A. Croog
Assistant Secretary Kathryn K. Bartfield
Personnel Officer Jeremiah J. Barrett
Appendix 11. Staff of the Smithsonian Institution I 459
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
Books to Borrow
Open Library
TV News
Understanding 9/11