JDLDIERf ALL
PORTRAITS AND vTKETCHEvf O]
THE MEN OF THE A-E F-
•> -3
\.
CAase
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
MEDAL
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
CROSS
MEDAL OF
HONOR
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
MEDAL
DISTINGUISHED SERVICE
CROSS
JDLDIERT ALL
PORTRAITS AND JTCETCHEvT OF
THE MEN OF THE A E F
by
Cfiase
NEW ^S4T YORK
GEORGE H DORAN COMB^NY
-
COPYRIGHT, 1920
BY JOSEPH CUMMINGS CHASE
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DEDICATED TO
THE MEN WHO WERE AWARDED
THE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS
BUT WHO DID NOT LIVE TO KNOW IT
WAH PLANS DIVISION
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF
WASHINGTON
The portraits of American soldiers, - ranging from general to
private, - painted by Joseph Cumndngs Chase, constitute a valuable
and unique addition to the Official pictorial record of the war.
Mr« Chase was authorized by the War Department to go overseas with
the purpose of carrying out this commission, and the unusual facil-
ities placed at his disposal by the A. E. F. enabled him to obtain
likenesses of our more distinguished soldiers, and to furnish copico
for the permanent files of the General Staff. More than any American
artist has he succeeded in preserving the likenesses of the foremost
officers and men of the A* &• F«, • a task that was made possible by
the personal interest of General Pershing.
C. W. WEEKS
Colonel, General Staff.
Chief, Historical Branch.
CONTENTS
SOLDIERS ALL — A FOREWORD ....
THE ARMY CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS
THE THIRTEEN MAJOR OPERATIONS .
AMERICAN MILITARY DECORATIONS .
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
ADAMS, HARRY J
ALEXANDER, ROBERT . . .
ALLEN, HENRY T
ANDREWS, AVERY D. . . .
ATKINSON, RALPH . . . .
ATTERBURY, WILLIAM W.
BAILEY, CHARLES J. . . .
BAKER, BURTON M
BARNWELL, NATHANIEL B. .
BASKERVILLE, CHARLES, JR. .
BELL, GEORGE, JR
BENSON, PHILIP
BETHEL, WALTER A. . . .
BINKLEY, DAVID ....
BLISS, TASKER H
BOYD, CARL
BRADLEY, PAUL W
BROCKI, MIECZYSLAW . . .
BROWN, PRESTON . . . .
BROWN, ROSCOE D
BULLARD, ROBERT I
BUNCH, HENRY E
BURR, GEORGE E
CAMERON, CHARLES . . .
CAMPBELL, DOUGLAS . . .
CARNEY, FRED
CONGER, ARTHUR L. . . .
CONNER, FOX
CRAIG, MALIN
CRONKHITE, ADELBERT . .
DASCH, CARL W
Sergeant
Major General
Major General
Brigadier General
Sergeant
Brigadier General
Major General
Private
Lieutenant Colonel
First Lieutenant .
Major General
First Lieutenant .
Brigadier General
Sergeant
General
Colonel
Corporal
Corporal
Brigadier General
Major ....
Lieutenant General
Major . . . . .
Sergeant
Private
Captain
Private
Colonel
Brigadier General
Brigadier General
Major General
Private
PAGE
. 15
. 35
. 38
. 39
. 91
. 163
. 167
. 431
. 207
. 367
. 263
. 381
. 479
. 235
. 171
. 213
. 259
. 159
. 77
. 33
. 271
. 189
. 55
. 479
. 144
. 441
. 112
. 95
. 192
. 317
. 477
. 239
. 469
. 320
. 419
SOLDIERS ALL
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
DAVIS, ROBERT C. . . .
DAWSON, CLARENCE W. .
DEVEREAUX, HAROLD J. .
DICKMAN, JOSEPH T. . .
DOUGHERTY, H. C. . . .
DUGAN, THOMAS B. . .
DUNCAN, GEORGE B. . .
EDWARDS, CLARENCE R. .
EGGERS, ALAN LOUIS . .
ELLIS, MICHAEL B. . . .
ELTINGE, LE ROY . . .
ELY, HANSON E
FALLAW, THOMAS H. . .
FERGUSON, DOUGALD . .
FISKE, HAROLD B. . . .
FLAGLER, CLEMENT A. F. .
FOULOIS, BENJAMIN D. .
FRITZ, ALBERT W. . . .
GAULTNEY, WALTER E. .
GIBBS, GEORGE S. . . .
GORDON, WALTER H. . .
HAAN, WILLIAM G. . . .
HALE, HARRY C
HALPHEN, DEWEY . . .
HARBORD, JAMES G. . .
HARTMAN, WILLIAM A. .
HARTS, WILLIAM W. . .
HAY, WILLIAM H. . . .
HERREN, WILLIAM . . .
HERSEY, MARK L. . . .
HINDS, ERNEST . . . .
HINES, JOHN L
HOOVER, CHARLES S. . .
HOWE, MAURICE N. . .
HOWZE, ROBERT L. . . .
HUNT, IRVIN L
KING, EDWARD L. . . .
KORTH, HERMAN . . .
KREGER, EDWARD A. . .
KUHN, JOSEPH E. . . .
PAGE
Brigadier General . . 307
Mess Sergeant . . . 363
Private 195
Major General ... 99
Color Sergeant . . .179
Brigadier General . .175
Major General . . .115
Major General . . . 339
Sergeant 135
Sergeant 51
Brigadier General . . 407
Major General . . .231
Captain 251
Sergeant 315
Brigadier General . .461
Major General . . . 355
Brigadier General . . 295
Private 323
Corporal 352
Brigadier General . . 473
Major General . . .291
Major General ... 69
Major General . . .343
Private 399
Major General . . . 224
Sergeant 303
Brigadier General . .221
Major General . . . 243
Sergeant 427
Major General . . . 375
Major General . . . 457
Major General . . .127
Sergeant 347
Captain 141
Major General . . .103
Colonel 479
Brigadier General . . 473
Sergeant 256
Brigadier General . .331
Major General ... 83
SOLDIERS ALL
XI
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
LANGFITT, WILLIAM C. .
LANGHAM, GEORGE W. .
LASSITER, WILLIAM . .
LATHAM, JOHN CRIDLAND
LEJEUNE, JOHN A. ...
LEPLEY, JAMES B. . . .
LEWIS, STACY A. ...
LIGGETT, HUNTER . . .
LINARD,
McANDREW, JAMES W. . .
McCAW, WALTER D. . . .
McGLACHLIN, EDWARD F.
McKAIG, F. H
McRAE, JAMES H. . . .
MAcARTHUR, DOUGLAS
MANNING, SIDNEY E. . .
MARTIN, CHARLES H. . .
MAYHEW, CARL C. . . .
MEISSNER, JAMES A. . .
MENOHER, CHARLES T. .
MOORE, E. J
MORTON, CHARLES G. . .
MOSELEY, GEORGE V. H. .
MUIR, CHARLES H. . . .
NOLAN, DENNIS E. . . .
NUGENT, JOHN F. . . .
O'BRIEN, JOHN R. . . .
O'RYAN, JOHN F. . . .
PARRISH, GRADY . . .
PECK, ROBERT G. . . .
PERSHING, JOHN J.
(Chaumont, 1918}
PERSHING, JOHN J.
(Paris, 1919} ....
PITMAN, BUDIE ....
PURYEAR, GEORGE W. . .
READ, ALVAN C
RICE, CHARLES H. . . .
ROCKENBACH, SAMUEL D.
RUCKER, KYLE
PAGE
. 327
. 349
. 435
. 135
. 311
. 151
. 285
. 80
. 28
. 403
. 131
. 123
. 253
. 359
. 45
. 227
. 87
. 399
. 155
. 267
Master Signal Electrician 48
Major General . . .391
Brigadier General . .387
Major General . . . 371
Brigadier General . .185
Sergeant 65
Corporal 288
Major General . . . 247
Sergeant 283
Lieutenant Colonel . . 479
General 22
General . . Frontispiece
Private 73
First Lieutenant . . .411
Colonel 479
Major 479
Brigadier General . .299
Lieutenant Colonel . 479
Major General
Private
Major General
Sergeant
Major General
Sergeant
Sergeant
Lieutenant General
Colonel
Major General
Brigadier General
Major General
Corporal
Major General
Brigadier General
Corporal
Major General
First Lieutenant .
Major ....
Major General
xii SOLDIERS ALL
PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES: PAGE
RUSSEL, EDGAR Brigadier General . . 275
SHERMAN, WHITNEY D. . . Corporal 465
SMITH, HARRY A Brigadier General . . 453
SMITH, RICHARD T. . . . Major 441
SMITH, WILLIAM R. . . . Major General ... 449
SNOW, WILLIAM A Major 441
STEIDL, AUGUST . . . . Sergeant 279
STEIN, FRED C Corporal 147
STEWART, JOHN W Lieutenant Colonel . . 441
STOWERS, JAMES W. . . . Sergeant 335
STURGIS, SAMUEL D. • . . . Major General . . . 423
SUMMERALL, CHARLES P. . . Major General ... 217
SYMINGTON, JAMES M. . . First Lieutenant ... 379
WAGSTAFF, C. M Brigadier General . . 29
WALKER, MERRIWEATHER L. Brigadier General . . 395
WALSH, PATRICK .... Sergeant 119
WATSON, GEORGE L. . . . Lieutenant Colonel . . 445
WEIGEL, WILLIAM .... Major General ... 384
WILLIAMS, F. M Major 61
WINES, PEARL J Sergeant 211
WINN, FRANK L Major General ... 415
WITTENMYER, EDMUND . . Major General ... 203
WRIGHT, WILLIAM M. . . . Major General ... 199
YORK, ALVIN C Sergeant 109
SOLDIERS ALL
SOLDIERS ALL
There are many extraordinary individuals among
the commanders of the A. E. F. whose names are
destined to go down in history. My close and in-
formal association with these men was, though brief,
illuminating and, to me, captivating — a romantic
opportunity for a painter. Close scrutiny of their
features at so critical a time impressed upon me a
very definite mental record.
Our general officers vary in age from about fifty
years to the early sixties and their most obvious traits
are poise, alertness, self-control, fearlessness, and a
high mentality, — even scholarliness. Judging from
their mellowness of mind, which very much impressed
me, I felt that West Point has given something to
these men that shows to great advantage by the time
they reach middle life. Taking into consideration the
fact that these commanders are obliged at intervals
to pass a severe physical examination which would
debar the average citizen from any strenuous service,
one concludes that up-standing, clear-eyed, clear-
brained American manhood is at its best among them.
Altogether, their type is that of the soldier-student—
this in contra-distinction to the tvpe predominating
among the officers of the German Army. It would
15
16 SOLDIERS ALL
seem that the Germans think a good command-
ing officer must have a meaty face, an arrogant man-
ner, and a heavy scowl.
The American commanders spoke with deep feel-
ing and appreciation of the man-in-the-ranks, re-
peating again and again that he was the one who
" put it over " and that to him belonged the glory.
One general, speaking of the man-in-the-ranks as the
one to whom credit was due, and referring with a
smile to the fact that the public has fully accepted
this view, remarked: " In some ways, in this war it
has been hell to be a general."
On the other hand, the man-in-the-ranks was just
as ready to express his confidence in his commanding
officer. For one thing, he appreciated the fact that
necessities, and even comforts, had been provided
to an extraordinary degree. " Kicks " on the part
of the man-in-the-ranks were infrequent and mild.
The American boy, to be sure, will kick if his shoe
laces are not a pair, or if the rain falls on too many
successive days, or if his hair grows too fast, but never
does he need to be driven to deeds of heroism. When
he gets a command to go " over the top," he goes
over, and those who have watched him have felt a
thrill never to be forgotten. He not only went
" over the top," but he went over in the face of
machine-gun fire and gas, singing, " Oh Boy, Oh
Joy, Where do we go from here?"
The Liberty Loan Committee for the Fifth Loan
asked me to paint " over there " portraits of four
boys who had done deeds of extraordinary heroism.
SOLDIERS ALL 17
I painted the four, and found the task so absorbing
that I could not stop with that small number, but
painted fifty. These soldiers were picked out by
their commanders as the ones in their various com-
mands who at that time had performed the most
extraordinary deeds of valour. Absolute disregard
of personal danger, quick-witted adroitness in turn-
ing unexpected conditions to good account, a wish not
only to equal, but to surpass the deeds of his com-
rades, an abiding belief that he was fighting for an
ideal — all these influences made of the American sol-
dier such a soldier as has never before been seen on
the field of battle. The stories of the escapades of
the young warriors whose portraits are here included
with those of their general officers might well be
classed among our stories for the young, with those
of " Horatius at the Bridge," and David of ancient
days. Again and again I was told by officers of our
Allies, ' The American Army is the best disci-
plined army in Europe." We had felt sure that our
boys would make fighters as good as the best, but as
to their being entirely amenable to discipline some
were doubtful, and the oft-repeated assurance just
quoted gives us particular satisfaction. This attitude
toward discipline was entirely a free-will offer-
ing on the part of each fighting man. He was un-
willing that any soldier should be better than he in
any respect whatsoever, and he wished to be a per-
fect cog in a perfectly well-oiled machine. It is ab-
solutely true that the American soldier fought for an
ideal and knew it — not that he was always sure just
18 SOLDIERS ALL
what that ideal might be, but his confidence that there
was an ideal and that he was fighting for it gave him
almost religious ardour in his efforts to surpass his
fellows. There was also very much of the " play "
element in the make-up of our boys. Their many
years of competitive sports worked greatly to their
advantage. Their enormous discomforts and suffer-
ing were made more endurable by the " josh " which
pervaded their everyday life, on the field and off.
If one boy brought in as a prisoner a German lieu-
tenant, his " buddy " instantly made up his mind to
capture an enemy officer higher in rank than a lieu-
tenant. If one boy brought in two prisoners, every
man in his squad thereupon resolved to bring in more
than two prisoners. This spirit frequently led the
fellows into great danger, and even death, but re-
sulted in an amazing number of individual deeds of
heroism.
The discipline of the American Army must have
been in a great measure due to the precise and exact-
ing attitude of our Commander-in-Chief. I was
particularly fortunate in being given the opportunity
to paint two pictures of General Pershing, for had I
rested content with the portrait obtained at Chau-
mont I should always have had a one-sided impres-
sion of the man. The Pershing whom I met in this
old French town, which for more than a year had
been the headquarters of the American Army, was
rather an austere figure. The circumstances of the
meeting perhaps accentuated this effect. Probably
at one time Chaumont was a beautiful and charming
SOLDIERS ALL 19
French village, but at the time of my visit it was
desolate. The day was rainy, of course. If you wish
to provoke a groan among the " doughboys " who
spent any considerable time in this field of action, all
you have to do is to mention " sunny France." The
streets were deep with mud, the houses were sadly
out of repair, and the old barracks which furnished
headquarters for the American Staff — a structure
forming three sides to a square — looked dark, damp,
bedraggled, and grim. The Armistice had just been
signed. Though Germany had admitted her defeat,
there were no signs of excited rejoicing about the
American Headquarters, and the atmosphere in that
region was just as busy and as serious as in the days
preceding November llth.
The room in which I painted General Pershing
was, like everything else in the American Head-
quarters, orderly, plain, and business-like. As I
entered this room, I saw the General at the opposite
side, sitting at his flat-topped desk, his back to the
window; the desk was characteristically in good
order, and the walls were bare, except for several
large maps, which showed the position of the Ameri-
can divisions. The General was hard at work, going
through a pile of important reports, preparatory to
leaving town that evening. As I stepped in, he
looked up alertly and greeted me with a cordiality
which was dignified and not at all effusive. He had
a strong grip and a way of shaking hands and get-
ting through with it promptly. The Pershing wrhom
I met that afternoon was a very serious man. Every
20 SOLDIERS ALL
line of his face, and I have seldom seen a face more
deeply furrowed, showed the tremendous strain
through which he had passed. The Argonne offen-
sive had ended in a glorious triumph for the Ameri-
can Army, but the man who had directed that
operation showed, in his deep-set, harassed eyes, and
in his sharply drawn face, the suffering and the
anxiety which it had caused him. Do not think
that Pershing is a soldier of flint-like soul, who
stolidly would throw his thousands of American
hoys at German machine-guns; the man whom I
painted that afternoon was a man who had sounded
the depths. His face at this sitting was a bit
screwed up, the lines were accentuated, and he
looked old and tired; he did not smile once during
the entire pose, and he talked hardly at all. Indeed,
after our first greeting, he seemed to lose all con-
sciousness of my presence, and I think he actually
forgot what was going on. Personal vanity is
certainly not Pershing's leading trait. He was very
busy with his papers and was entirely taken up with
the business in hand. I have said that Pershing's
appearance was that of a man who had suffered
a great nervous strain, but I should not give the
impression that he did not have himself quite
under control. He was the picture of complete
self-possession. His movements were quick, but not
spasmodic; he is the sort of man who moves his
papers very rapidly, but who does not rattle them
nervously; he moves his papers at a precise moment,
because that is the moment to move them, and not
SOLDIERS ALL 21
because he is labouring under suppressed excitement.
He walks quickly, yet always with premeditation.
One of his staff officers told me that Pershing has
himself remarkably in hand and that when the
opportunity offers, he can always sleep.
The General was much greyer than I had men-
tally pictured him. His photographs had given me
the impression of a man comparatively young, but
his hair is now very grey, and in parts it is almost
white. His intimates told me that the whitening
of his hair is the result of his service in France.
But it is always scrupulously brushed, for in this,
as in everything else, General Pershing shows his
predominant tendency to neatness arid order. The
Pershing photographs suggest a rather dark mous-
tache; as a matter of fact, it is light, having a touch
of the sandy, and some grey. The public knows
well the firm manner in which the General draws
down the corners of his mouth, and this has given
an impression that he seldom smiles. My own im-
pression, derived from the experience of that sombre
afternoon, was similarly one of stern, unremitting
attention to business; yet the fact is that he often
smiles, and his friends feel that his photographs in
general convey an idea of severity of expression
which is overdone. Yet there is no doubt that
General Pershing can be severe, though his intimates
say that when it is necessary for him to use the
knife, it falls upon his friends of long acquaintance,
as well as upon those officers who have not been so
close to him. The words which I most constantly
22
SOLDIERS ALL
heard about the General were: "He plays no
favourites." That afternoon he had the appearance
of one difficult to approach, and certainly one with
whom a casual visitor would take no liberties. His
figure has been de-
scribed as that of
the perfect soldier,
and I agree with
this description.
He is a " stickler "
for regulation in
dress. He keenly
scrutinizes any one
with whom he is
conversing; you
feel that he knows
whether or not you
need a hair-cut,
and whether your
leather has been
properly attended to that day. Your hand instinc-
tively follows up the edge of your coat to make
sure each button is buttoned, and you are hoping
that your orderly has brushed you properly.
Some one has said that General Pershing looks
like a Roman. Certain of our generals look like
Englishmen — General Harts, for example; others
look like Frenchmen; one or two of them even
resemble Germans. But I cannot apply the word
Englishman, Frenchman, German, or even Roman
to General Pershing. His face and figure suggest
SOLDIERS ALL 23
only one nationality; he is simply, distinctively
United States. In whatever part of the world you
might find him, and in whatever garb, and in
whatever company, you would say at once: "That
man is an American!" There is nothing about his
personality that suggests the foreigner; he is redo-
lent of the American soil. He has an unusually full,
rounded head, and his skull gives the impression
of filling out his hair tightly. He was seated
at his desk; his electric light was burning brightly
a few inches from his face, and just a little day-
light was coming in from the windows behind.
He was much occupied discussing many matters
with a string of staff officers who appeared one at
a time and stood in front of his desk. As the
General listened, or talked, his eyes were raised
to the staff officer standing opposite; his eye-
brows also, which, by the way, are very pale,
were raised; and the strong light from the desk
lamp accentuated the deep, vertical cuts in the
General's cheeks. The nose is slightly aquiline
and rather distinguished; the eyes are a light grey-
blue with a little suggestion of brown — eyes which
sometimes are called hazel. His brow is par-
ticularly full and round, with furrows that arc
well defined, and his ears are a bit pointed,
and differ a trifle in their angle from the head.
One officer who has had many conferences with
the General — conferences which have not been
entirely to his liking — insists that one ear, which is
not quite so close to his head as the other, stiffens
24 SOLDIERS ALL
and straightens sharply when the General gets
angry. The cheek-bones are not prominent, the
jaw is particularly strong, and the lips are sharply
chiseled and rather thin. The General's neck is
solid, and, particularly in the profile, is very wide,
and his head is set on his shoulders with a very
unusual appearance of power. Indeed, I have
never seen an arrangement of head, neck, and
shoulders which has suggested greater strength
and force. The General's uniforms always fit
smoothly; he seldom wears many decorations,
although he has enough entirely to cover his chest.
Most people do not realize how tall General
Pershing is; he is so well-built that he appears to
advantage when grouped with the generals of
the Allied armies. One of his room-mates at
West Point told me that Pershing has not changed
at all, except that he has grown older and greyer;
his manner and disposition have been the same
from his student days. Fortunately I was able
to visualize this Pershing of West Point time, for
one of the General's aides is his nephew, Lieu-
tenant Pershing, who bears the most astonishing
resemblance to his distinguished uncle.
After I had been painting an hour or so, the
General had to leave to keep an important en-
gagement. He came round, looked at the picture,
and said:
"I didn't think you could do it in this length
of time and with this light."
SOLDIERS ALL 25
Those were practically the only words that
passed between the artist and his subject.
The portrait sketch which I painted in Novem-
ber shows a pretty sombre General; yet in this re-
spect, at least, it fairly reflects the Pershing whom
I met that afternoon. Still that sitting gave me
Pershing in only one of his moods. I found that
he had another side, when, in early January, I made
an appointment to paint him again. The Pershing
whom I now met at the Ogden Mills house in
Paris was a very different man from the one whom
I had painted at Chaumont. The one whom I
met at Headquarters was serious, dignified, pre-
occupied, possibly even melancholy; the one
whom I painted in Paris was altogether easy
and gay. The change was caused, perhaps, by
the fact that the weight had lifted from his mind;
an American Army was now occupying a part of
Germany; the fighting was actually over; and the
Allied cause had achieved a splendid and com-
plete success. I came to Paris with the well-
known sculptor, " Jo " Davidson, who proposed
to make a bust of the General while I was paint-
ing him. Our subject kept his appointment to
the minute, coming into the room with a rapid,
military step, greeting Davidson cordially, and
stepping up to me with an outstretched hand and
a "Hello, Chase!"
' This room looks like an atelier in the Latin
Quarter! " he said, glancing about the beautiful
26 SOLDIERS ALL
salon in which Davidson had moved the furni-
ture and arranged the lighting.
" Do you know anything about the Latin
Quarter? " I asked.
" Oh, yes, I know about the Academy Julien
and the Beaux Arts," the General replied — and to
this subject he returned afterward.
Ordinarily a sculptor and a painter would have
difficulty in working at the same time; the sculp-
tor prefers to have his subject standing, a painter
sitting; a sculptor likewise wishes to have him walk
about continually, while the painter prefers a
fairly quiet posture. I gave way to Davidson in
the main, but I demanded a compromise in the
matter of strolling. The General was greatly
amused at our argument, and entered completely
into its spirit. Davidson agreed that he could sit
occasionally, if I would accept an arrangement
about the lighting that was not entirely to my
advantage. Throughout the sitting, the sculptor
and the painter " joshed " each other about their
respective arts and the General took part, now
supporting one side, now another.
"What good is an art that can show only one
side of a man's face at a time? That's only half
an art!" said Davidson.
"Sculpture scored one that time!" the General
laughed.
Davidson meanwhile was dropping his clay all
over the beautiful floor of the Mills salon.
SOLDIERS ALL 27
"But see what a dirty business sculpture is!"
I retorted.
"Painting got the best of it, then!" said the
General, with a perfectly good grin, showing a
wonderful set of white teeth.
We soon discovered that General Pershing
knew a great deal about art and artists. In a
few minutes both Davidson and I felt as though
we had met an old friend of our art-student days.
We asked our sitter how he happened to know so
much about the Latin Quarter.
"Oh, I've been there!" he answered. "I used
to know it well."
It seems that, in his early days, while visiting
Paris, Pershing had friends among the art stu-
dents, with whom he spent much time in their
favourite haunts. Sitting there on the edge of a
lounge, the General gave us many reminiscences
of those old days. He described particularly one
lively party which he had attended in the Latin
Quarter — a story that might have fitted well into
the pages of " Trilby."
" How did you stand the ordeal, General? "
Davidson asked.
" I did my best to preserve throughout my
military composure," he answered with a
smile.
I had an impression, indeed, that General Per-
shing found the three hours we spent with him a
pleasant relief from his exacting duties; we talked
28
SOLDIERS ALL
of several things, but there was one subject that
was not mentioned throughout the sitting — that
was the War. As before, he showed no vanity,
but he did display considerable interest in the
work we were doing. He had the attitude of a
man who, if a thing is to be done at all, wants
it done well. In one of his many trips to
watch the progress of his portrait, I caught him
looking, somewhat pensively, at the very grey
hair.
" Is it too grey, General? " I asked.
" Not at all," he answered. " That's the way it
is; paint me just as I am."
I was reminded of the story of Cromwell, sitting
for his portrait. Cromwell had a conspicuous
excrescence on his nose.
" Paint me, wart
and all! " was his
injunction to the
artist.
When the pic-
ture was finished,
General Pershing
expressed his sat-
isfaction.
" I think it must
be the best of your
series," he said.
CCI would like
some photographs
of it."
FRENCH KICPRESENTATIVK
AT Q. H. Q.
SOLDIERS ALL
29
Davidson's admirable bust of the general also
pleased him greatly.
We lingered for a few moments, talking art and
artists, and listening to the comments of Pershing's
staff on our work.
When one thinks of the American Army, the two
men that come to mind after Pershing are Liggett
and Bullard. Bullard represents the student type,
and, in fact, looks like a college professor. The
face of General Bullard has something of the re-
finement of Joseph H. Choate; it is distinctly the
countenance of a thinker. He has not much colour,
but he has plenty of lines of character and his face
is a particularly interesting one to paint. General
Bullard's every feature really is individual. His
nose has a rather curious bend, which is well shown
in this particular por-
trait; it is long and aris-
tocratic. Indeed, Gen-
eral Bullard looks every
whit an aristocrat; he has
the fine hands of the
aristocrat — the thin hand
that shows each move-
ment of the fingers. He
impresses me as a man
who would be sure of
every move he makes; he
has the appearance al-
most of infallibility. You
feel at once absolute con-
BRIl'iSii KKPHESENTATIVE
AT G. H. Q.
30 SOLDIERS ALL
fidence in him; he is precisely the type of man to
whom Americans would safely entrust their sons.
American army officers have lived in so many
parts of the world that they have become cos-
mopolitan, and it is almost impossible to locate
them definitely by their speech. But General Bui-
lard is an Alabaman, and he talks still in soft
Southern accents. I asked him many questions
while the portrait was under way; I could not get
him to talk about himself, but there was one topic
upon which he became animated — that was the
American soldier.
" In every army," he said, " there are two kinds
of soldiers: those who do things because they are
ordered to, and those who are always looking for
things to do. It is the latter kind that leavens any
army. And this kind prevails in the American
Army to a greater extent than in any ever
known.
Liggett and Bullard certainly represent the
American Army at its best — Bullard, the South-
erner, Liggett, the Northerner; both are men of
culture, evidently much given to reading and
study. Liggett was possibly a little less reserved,
and more chatty and genial, though in both I felt a
sense of great personal dignity. Liggett has ab-
solutely no sense of pose. He was keenly interested
in the operation of painting; he knew many
artists, and asked many questions about them. The
one impression you get from contact with Liggett is
the sincere, human, affectionate quality of the man;
SOLDIERS ALL
31
he is the type of citizen you would like to room
with at college.
The subject that General Liggett, like the other
Major General, talked most about, was the " man-
in-the-ranks."
" He's the one who did it," was the way he
summed up the American " doughboy's " part in the
War.
Much could be written about the various distin-
guished and distinguishing characteristics of our
general officers, which would increase the pride
of the reader in these sound and able men. These
are indicative of the kind of things we might
enlarge upon: The unceasing vigour and energy of
Brigadier General Preston Brown, not a product
of West Point, but a Yale graduate, who after the
signing of the Armis-
tice was in charge of
Advance G. H. Q. at
Trier, and who han-
dled the situation there
in a way original and
convincing; the natural
dignity and keen wit
of Brigadier General
Dennis E. Nolan, tall,
lanky, astute, who was
the head of G2, which
is a synonym for the
Intelligence Section
of the General Staff,
32 SOLDIERS ALL
comprising the Secret Service and the Press. It
was under General Nolan that I had the pleasure
of operating, and I shall never forget his under-
standing and interest. The sturdiness of Major
General Adelbert Cronkhite, who, if he wore a ruff,
might with perfect propriety step into a Franz
Hals canvas; the humane vision of Major General
McAndrew, Chief of Staff, A. E. F., surely one
of the great personages of the War; the efficiency
of Brigadier General Avery D. Andrews, Assistant
Chief of Staff, who had resigned his commission in
the Army to go into business, but at the beginning
of the War re-entered the Army with enthusiasm;
the bulldog tenacity of Major General William
M. Wright, Commander of the First Corps; the
Indian-like virtues of Major General Robert L.
Howze, whose men call him " Sioux," and of Major
General Flagler, who is also known to his men by
the same "pet" name; the imperturbability of
Major General Charles P. Summerall, who is said
to be, of all our generals, the best judge of the
merits of his officers. His name will always
be associated with that colossally important first
day of November, 1918.
I would not fail to make mention of the men
who were of especial assistance to me — Brigadier
General Eltinge, Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q.;
Major General Harbord, Pershing's First Chief of
Staff, who later became head of the Service of
Supply; Col. Carl Boyd, Aide to General Pershing,
whose effectiveness was always apparent, and who,
SOLDIERS ALL 33
alas, died in the service; and Col. A. L. Conger,
whose keen judgment and kindly attitude meant
much to me during my strenuous days — and nights.
Also I shall remember with particular pleasure the
seven members of the Senior Officers' Mess, at Bit-
burg, and later at Coblenz, who took me in and
gave me good company and good cheer.
I should like to mention with especial regard my
intrepid chauffeur, one McQuillin, of Buffalo, a
stripling with a heart of oak. His appreciation of art
was second only to his ingenuity in " carrying on."
The portraits are life-sized heads painted in oils.
The average time required for each was two hours,
the studio being sometimes a fine chateau, some-
times a dugout, sometimes a shack in the devastated
area, sometimes a castle on the Moselle or on the
Rhine. The painting was done at any hour of the
day or night as circumstance permitted, and by any
light that was available. Many of the pictures were
painted by the light of a candle. I especially remem-
ber Major General Summerall, alert, serene, and
smartly dressed, as he entertained me while I painted
him between midnight and two o'clock in the
morning.
All in all, I am filled with a sense of obligation
for the opportunity accorded me in the great
adventure.
NEW YORK, OCTOBER, 1919
ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION
ASSIGNMENTS
TO NOVEMBER 11, 1918
1st Army, LIGGETT
2nd Army, BULLARD
3rd Army, DICKMAN
1st Corps,
2nd Corps,
3rd Corps,
4th Corps,
5th Corps,
6th Corps,
7th Corps,
LIGGETT,
DICKMAN,
READ,
WRIGHT,
BULLARD,
HINES,
DICKMAN,
MUIR,
WRIGHT,
CAMERON,
SUMMERALL,
BUNDY,
BALLOU,
MENOHER,
WRIGHT,
BUNDY,
January 20 — October 11.
October 12.
June 12.
June 17— July 11.
July 14— October 11.
October 12.
August 18— October 11.
October 12.
July 10— August 18.
August 21 — October 11.
October 18.
August 27 — September 12.
October 23 — November 9.
November 10 to 11.
August 22 — September 4.
September 13— October 24,
1st Division, SIBERT,
BULLARD,
SUMMERALL,
BULLARD,
SUMMERALL,
BAMFORD,
PARKER,
October 25 — December 12,
1917.
December 13, 1917 — June
30, 1918.
July 1 — July 6.
July 7— July 17,
July 20— October 11.
October 12— October 24.
October 25.
[34]
SOLDIERS ALL 35
ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS
2nd Division, BUNDY,
HARBORD,
BUNDY,
HARBORD,
LEJEUNE,
3rd Division, DICKMAN,
SLADEN,
BUCK,
BROWN,
October 25, 1917— June 30,
1918.
July 1 — July 5.
July 6— July 19.
July 20 — August 2.
August 3.
March 30, 1917— August
23, 1918.
August 24— August 30.
Division in reserve
August 31— October 17.
October 18—
4th Division, CAMERON,
POORE,
HINES,
CAMERON,
POORE,
HERSEY,
5th Division, McMAHON,
ELY,
6th Division, ERWIN,
GORDON,
7th Division, BARTH,
WAHL,
May 25— August 23, 1918.
August 24— August 30.
Division in reserve
August 31— October 11.
October 12— October 24.
October 23— October 30.
Division in reserve
October 31—
April 9— October 17, 1918.
October 18—
July 18— July 31, 1918.
Division not in line
August 1—
August 17 — October 24,
1918.
October 25— October 26.
WITTENMYER, October 27-
26th Division, EDWARDS,
BAMFORD,
HALE,
27th Division, O'RYAN,
December 8, 1917 — Octo-
ber 24, 1918.
October 25 —
May 25.
28th Division, MUIR,
HAY,
May 18— October 25, 1918.
October 26 —
36 SOLDIERS ALL
ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS
29th Division, MORTON, July 6, 1918.
30th Division, READ, May 24— June 28, 1918.
Division not in line
LEWIS, June 25— July 5 .
Division not in line
FAISON, July 6— July 20.
LEWIS, July 21-
32nd Division, HAAN, February 16, 1918.
33rd Division, BELL, May 25, 1918.
35th Division, WRIGHT, May 4— June 21, 1918.
Division not in line
McCLURE, June 22— June 28
Division not in line
TRAUB, June 29— July 5.
McCLURE, July 6— July 19.
TRAUB, July 20—
36th Division, SMITH, August 3, 1918.
37th Division, FARNSWORTH, July 6, 1918.
48nd Division, MENOHER, November 1, 1917 — No-
vember 4, 1918.
RHODES, November 5—
MAcARTHUR, November 10—
77th Division, JOHNSON, April 19— May 25, 1918.
Division not in line
DUNCAN, May 26— August 23.
JOHNSON, August 24— September 6.
ALEXANDER, September 7—
78th Division, McRAE, May 25, 1918.
79th Division, KUHN, July 28, 1918.
80th Division, CRONKHITE, June 22, 1918.
81st Division, BAILEY, September 7, 1918.
SOLDIERS ALL
ARMY, CORPS AND DIVISION ASSIGNMENTS
37
82nd Division, BURNHAM,
DUNCAN,
88th Division, BEACH,
WEIGEL,
89th Division, WINN,
WRIGHT,
90th Division, ALLEN,
91st Division, JOHNSTON,
92nd Division, BALLOU,
May 17— October 14, 1918.
October 15—
October 16 — November 4,
1918.
November 5—
July 13 — September 30,
1918.
October 1—
July 6, 1918.
August 31, 1918.
July 6, 1918.
NOTE. — The twenty-nine Divisions here represented are known
as The Combat Divisions.
THE THIRTEEN MAJOR OPERATIONS
AS OFFICIALLY ANNOUNCED IN GENERAL ORDERS,
NUMBER 83, JUNE 30, 1919.
a. Cambrai. — Between 12th of May and 4th of De-
cember, 1917.
b. Somme, defensive. — Between 21st of March and
6th of April, 1918.
c. Lys. — Between 9th of April and 27th of April.
1918.
d. Aisne. — On the Chemin des Dames and northeast
of Rheims between 27th of May and 5th of June,
1918.
e. Montdidier-Noyon. — Between 9th of June and
13th of June, 1918.
/. Champagne-Marne. — Between 15th of July and
18th of July, 1918.
g. Aisne-Marne. — Between 18th of July and 6th of
August, 1918.
h. Somme, offensive. — Between 8th of August and
llth of November, 1918.
i. Oise- Aisne. — Between 18th of August and llth of
November, 1918.
j. Ypres-Lys. — Between 19th of August and llth
of November, 1918.
k. St. Mihiel— Between 12th of September and 16th
of September, 1918.
I. Meuse-Argonne. — Between 26th of September
and llth of November, 1918.
m. Vittorio-Veneto. — Between 24th of October and
4th of November, 1918.
[38]
AMERICAN MILITARY DECORATIONS
THE CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR is the high-
est honor obtainable by an American soldier. Estab-
lished by Congress, July 12, 1862.
The award of the Medal of Honor is confined to
officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of
the American Army whose action complies with the
following tests: "(a) who have performed IN AC-
TION deeds of most distinguished bravery and self-
sacrifice; (b) above and beyond the call of duty;
(c) so conspicuous as to clearly distinguish them for
gallantry and intrepidity above their comrades; (d)
which involve risk of life or the performance of
more than ordinary hazardous service; (e) the omis-
sion of which would not justly subject a person to
censure for shortcoming or failure in the perform-
ance of duty." It is the only American honor worn
as a neck decoration on occasions of ceremony.
The Distinguished Service Cross and the Distin-
guished Service Medal were created by an act of
Congress, July 9, 1918. Both are worn as military
medals.
The DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSS is awarded to
those who distinguished themselves by "extraordinary
heroism in action" (which does not justify the award
of the Medal of Honor).
The DISTINGUISHED SERVICE MEDAL is awarded "to
those who in positions of great responsibility have
conferred distinguished service upon their country
through the Military Establishment and in associa-
tion with it."
NOTE. — Reproductions of these decorations appear on the end-
sheets of this book.
[39]
SOLDIERS ALL
BRIGADIER GENERAL DOUGLAS MAcARTHUR
Arrived in France, October 29, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918.
Assignments :
Chief of Staff, 42nd Division ;
Commanded 84th Infantry Brigade, 42nd Division,
August 6th;
Commanded 42nd Division, November 10th ;
Commanded 84th Infantry Brigade, 42nd Division,
November 23rd.
Born: Arkansas, January 26, 1880.
Distinguished Service Cross.
"When Company D, 168th Infantry, was
under severe attack in the salient du Feys,
France, he voluntarily joined it, upon finding
that he could do so without interfering with
his normal duties, and by his coolness and con-
spicuous courage aided materially in its suc-
cess.
An oak-leaf cluster is awarded Gen. Mac-
Arthur for the following acts of distinguished
service: As brigade commander Gen. Mac-
Arthur personally led his men and by the
skilful maneuvering of his brigade made pos-
sible the capture of Hills 288, 242, and the
C6te-de-Chatillon, France, October 14, 15, and
16, 1918. He displayed indomitable resolution
and great courage in rallying broken lines and
in re-forming attacks, thereby making victory
possible. On a field where courage was the
rule, his courage was the dominant feature."
G. O. 27 (February 17, 1919).
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
[41]
guished services. He served with credit as
chief of staff of the 42nd Division in the opera-
tions at Chalons and at the Chateau-Thierry
salient. In command of the 84th Infantry
Brigade he showed himself to be a brilliant
commander of skill and judgment. Later he
served with distinction as commanding general
of the 42d Division." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919) .
[43]
¥
I i
V.
* *».<
E. J. MOORE, Master Signal Electrician,
Company C, 314th Field Signal Battalion,
89th Division.
In charge of wire laying and maintenance detail,
under violent shell-fire, on November 4 and 5, 1918.
Moore established and maintained a line of com-
munication to the advanced message center, Beau-
clair. He worked incessantly all day and all night,
climbing trees and poles under extremely heavy shell-
fire, putting the wire up and mending breaks. On
November 5 he aided in extending and maintain-
ing this line to the assaulting battalion of the 355th
Infantry, between Beauclair and Lauencille. Again,
on the night of November 10 and the morning of
November 11, Moore rendered invaluable aid to
the 356 Infantry in Pouilly, extending a telephone
line to them and thence to La Pignepp Farm. Al-
though shell fragments tore through his gas mask
and the air was full of flying shell-fire, he showed
utter disregard of personal safety, setting a fine ex-
ample of courage and devotion to duty.
So says his citation for the Distinguished Service
Cross.
[47]
llfc
MICHAEL B. ELLIS, Sergeant,
Company C, 28th Infantry,
1st Division.
Private Ellis showed unusual courage in carrying
supplies and in attacking "strong points" at Breuil,
Pleissy, and Berzy-le-Sec, July 19-22, 1918. In the
attack southwest of Soissons this man Ellis, alone,
worked in behind the enemy line, capturing a German
Company Commander and his Lieutenant. At the
point of his bayonet he ordered these officers to lead
him to their dugouts, where enemy troops were, and
drove back to our lines not fewer than fifty prisoners.
This won for him a citation.
Sergeant Ellis was also awarded the Medal of Honor
(in G. O. 74) "For conspicuous gallantry and in-
trepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action
with the enemy near Exermont, October 5, 1918.
During the entire day's engagement he operated far
in advance of the first wave of his company, volun-
tarily undertaking most dangerous missions and
single-handed attacking and reducing machine-gun
nests. Flanking one emplacement, he killed 2 of the
enemy with rifle fire and captured 17 others. Later
he, single-handed, advanced under heavy fire and cap-
tured 27 prisoners, including 2 officers and 6 machine
guns, which had been holding up the advance of the
company. The captured officers indicated the loca-
tions of 4 other machine-guns, and he in turn cap-
tured these, together with their crews, at all times
showing marked heroism and fearlessness."
Medal of Honor.
[49]
BRIGADIER GENERAL PRESTON BROWN
Arrived in France, August, 1917, with rank of Lieu-
tenant Colonel.
Promotions:
Colonel, February 6, 1918;
Brigadier General, August 16.
Assignments:
Chief of Staff, 82nd Division, August 25, 1917;
Chief of Staff, 2nd Division, April 5, 1918;
Chief of Staff, 4th Army Corps, September 19, 1918;
Commanded 3rd Division in the Meuse-Argonne, Oc-
tober 18, 1918;
Assistant Chief of Staff, Advance G. H. Q., Germany.
Born: Kentucky, January 2, 1872.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As Chief of Staff of the
Second Division he directed the details of the
battles near Chateau-Thierry, Soissons, and
at the St. Mihiel salient with great credit.
Later, in command of the Third Division in
the Argonne-Meuse offensive, at a most criti-
cal time, by his splendid judgment and ener-
getic action, his division was able to carry to
a successful conclusion the operations at Clairs
Chenes and at Hill 294." G. O. 12 (January
17, 1919).
[53]
F. M. WILLIAMS, Major,
Machine Gun Battalion,
82nd Division.
After many years' experience as a cowboy, Williams
became a member of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show.
His "stunt" in the show was shooting glass balls and
riding "bad" horses. Whenever his leg was broken
he played in the band until the break mended. When
the United States went to war Williams entered
training camp and was graduated a lieutenant. He
went overseas with a machine-gun outfit.
On October 11, 1918, Williams (then Captain) was
shot through the neck by a sniper. He tied his hand-
kerchief around the wounds at the front and back
of the neck and the wounds were never treated. He
stayed continuously in the line. On October 15th—
four days later — at about 4 A.M., he received orders
to proceed to Hill 182, which is just north of St.
Juvin. He sent runners to notify his platoon com-
manders to move at once. Taking one runner, he
started toward Hill 182. Having reached the hill
and found everything quiet, he sent his runner back
to guide the company in, while he remained on the
hill reconnoitering for machine-gun positions. In the
early morning haze he saw a party of five Germans
with an American prisoner. He at first thought that
the American had five German prisoners and saun-
tered leisurely toward the group. At about twenty
feet the American prisoner shouted for help and one
of the Boches raised his rifle to his shoulder. Capt.
Williams pulled his pistol and dropped this German.
At the same time the second one of the enemy aimed
his rifle at the American prisoner, who had fallen
to the ground and was engaged in an attempt to load
his revolver. The second shot from Williams' pistol
brought down this second of the enemy. The third
[57]
German, whose position was slightly to the rear of
Williams, with his rifle clubbed Capt. Williams, the
blow glancing off the side of his head, his left shoul-
der, and striking his right hand which was holding
his pistol. The Captain did not let go his pistol, but
with his left hand grasped the German's rifle, wrest-
ling for possession of it. At this juncture, the second
German started to get up from the ground where
he had fallen and Williams, wrestling for possession
of the rifle of the third German, again fired with his
revolver at the second German, this time putting
him out of business. He then turned his entire at-
tention to the third German, with whom he was
grappling, and shot him through the Adam's apple.
The man went down, leaving his rifle in the Captain's
left hand. The fourth German had started to return
to the fight, but turned again and ran. The fifth
German continued to hold his hands in the air and
Capt. Williams, dropping to his knee, brought down
the fleeing man with the German rifle, at a distance
of some 75 yards. The fifth German was then the
Captain's prisoner; the other four were dead. Will-
iams had just begun to dress the wound of his new
American friend, when a big skirmish line of Boches
came up over the hill from the north. He still had
the Boche rifle and with it he killed the leader of this
skirmish line, at a distance of about 200 yards. One
of the sorrows of the Captain's life is that his Ger-
man prisoner jumped into the woods and got away.
The wounded American was by this time hurrying
back to his own lines and the Captain ran back to
the spot where his company was due to arrive and
met his men with their machine-guns, coming up. He
rushed them to the top of the hill in time to stop the
general counter-attack on the town of St. Juvin.
They held this position without outside assistance
.[59]
from six o'clock on the 15th until two A.M. on the
16th — about 20 hours — capturing 32 prisoners and
inflicting heavy losses on the enemy. Later in the
day his company went over the top seven times in
succession with the assault battalions, with the result
that when he came out of the line he had left one
officer and 25 men of his original company, which
numbered 6 officers and 183 men. Capt. Williams in-
cluded in his report this remark: "It sure was a good
bunch of men."
Distinguished Service Cross.
Italian War Cross of Merit.
JOHN F. NUGENT, Sergeant,
165th Infantry, 83rd Brigade,
42nd Division.
Dispatch Rider (Horse or Motorcycle)
For keeping liaison work under very heavy bom-
bardment, as well as performing first aid work and
bringing food to men in the front lines, he was rec-
ommended for the Distinguished Service Cross for
three days' fighting — July 30, 31 and August 1, 1918,
in the Chateau-Thierry district.
[63]
«,f7
/j5 U
fTf! •' '•'/ *
hf}j^"
ff'f
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM G. HAAN
Arrived in France, March 4, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 32nd Division, February 16, 1918;
Commanded 8th Army Corps, October 23;
Commanded 32nd Division, November 6;
Commanded 7th Army Corps, November 18.
Born: Indiana, October 4, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. This officer, in command of
the Thirty-second Division, took a prominent
part in the Argonne-Meuse offensive and in
the brilliant and successful attack against the
Cote Dame Marie, covering several days,
which deprived the enemy of the key point of
the position. His clear conception of the tac-
tical situations involved showed him to be a
military leader of superior order." G. O. 12
(January 17, 1919).
[67]
BUDIE PITMAN, Private,
Company M, 18th Infantry,
1st Division.
Private Pitman was a dispatch bearer. Gassed and
suffering severely from shell shock he continued
carrying messages at the front line through violent
barrage. He was cited March 16, 1918. His com-
mander selected him as the representative enlisted
man of his command because of his initiative, bravery
and speed. Private Budie Pitman says he wouldn't
have missed it for a million dollars, but that five mil-
lion would not induce him to do it again — unless we
have another war.
[71]
X...
\
I
:*1$l
.
**—- ^
GENERAL TASKER H. BLISS
Chief of the American Section of the Supreme War
Council.
Born: Pennsylvania, December 81, 1853.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For his most exceptional services as Assistant
Chief of Staff, acting Chief of Staff, and Chief
of Staff of the United States Army, in which
important positions his administrative ability
and professional attainments were of great
value to our armies. As chief of the American
section of the Supreme War Council he has
taken an important part in the shaping of the
policies that have brought victory to our
cause." G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918).
[75]
LIEUTENANT GENERAL HUNTER LIGGETT
Arrived in France, October 5, 1917, with rank of
Major General.
Promoted to Lieutenant General, October 16, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 41st Division ;
Commanded 1st Army Corps, January 20, 1918;
Commanded 1st Army, October 12, 1918;
Later commanded 3rd Army, Army of Occupation.
Born: Pennsylvania, March 21, 1857.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as commander of the First
Army of the American Expeditionary Forces.
He commanded the First Corps and perfected
its organization under difficult conditions of
early service in France. Engaged in active
operations in reduction of the Marne salient
and of the St. Mihiel salient, and participated
in the actions in the Forest of Argonne. In
command of First Army when German re-
sistance was shattered west of the Meuse."
G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918).
[79]
©
#VJ
MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH E. KUHN
Arrived in France, July 13, 1918.
Commanded 79th Division, July 28, 1918.
Engagements :
Meuse-Argonne (twice in line on offensive sectors and
once on defensive sector).
Born: Kansas, June 14, 1864.
[81]
MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES H. MARTIN
Arrived in France, September 24, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 86th Division;
Commanded 92nd Division, November 16;
Commanded 90th Division, December 30, Army of
Occupation.
Born: Illinois, October 1, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of the 90th
Division during the greater part of its service
with the Army of Occupation, by his ceaseless
energy he performed his duties with the ut-
most efficiency, giving the closest personal
supervision to the training, discipline and
equipment of his division. His brilliant pro-
fessional attainments and steadfast devotion
to duty were reflected in the high standards
maintained throughout the organizations un-
der his command, rendering important services
to the American Expeditionary Forces."
•
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[85]
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HARRY J. ADAMS, Sergeant,
Company K, 353rd Infantry,
89th Division.
Adams is the American hunter who bagged the larg-
est number of German game.
On September 12, 1918, after the town of Bouillon-
ville had been shelled Sergeant Adams was ordered
by his Lieutenant to enter the town and bring back
a prisoner. Rushing into the town at double quick,
Adams spotted a German soldier and chased him
into a little stone house. The Boche fastened the
door in Adams' face. Sergeant Adams had but two
shots left in his automatic. He fired them both
through the door and ordered the Boche to surrender.
The Boche came — and after him one Lieutenant
Colonel, eighteen Staff Officers and three hundred
and fifty-five soldiers — a total of three hundred and
seventy-five. For this he received the Croix de
Guerre and later the Distinguished Service Cross.
It is reported that when Sergeant Adams turned
over his prisoners to his Battalion Headquarters the
instincts of a filing clerk caused him to insist upon a
written receipt for his three hundred and seventy-
five.
Sergeant Adams' citation for the Distinguished Serv-
ice Cross mentioned the number of his prisoners as
"approximately three hundred" while the specific
statement as above was given in connection with his
award of the Croix de Guerre.
[89]
CHARLES CAMERON, Private,
Company B, 3rd Machine Gun Battalion,
1st Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Soissons,
July 19, 1918."
When the Infantry, of which this youngster was a
part, was held up by a trench occupied by Germans,
he voluntarily ran around the end of the trench, like
a football player, to its rear, facing the American
fire. He fired into the trench, killing at least one of
the enemy and frightening the Germans into the be-
lief that they were "surrounded." They surrendered
in a panic, and were taken prisoners by Private
Cameron.
Distinguished Service Cross.
[93]
MAJOR GENERAL JOSEPH T. DICKMAN
Arrived in France, March 14, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 3rd Division, March 30, 1917;
Commanded 4th Army Corps, August 18, 1918;
Commanded 1st Army Corps, October 12, 1918;
Commanded 3rd Army (Army of Occupation).
Born: Ohio, October 6, 1857.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as commander of the Third
Army, American Expeditionary Forces.
Commanded the Third Division and contrib-
uted in large measure to success in hurling
back the final German general attack com-
mencing July 14, 1918. He participated in
offensive northward to Vesle River; com-
manded successively the First Army Corps
and the Third Army Corps in the Argonne
Forest operation. In command of Third
Army of occupation at Coblenz, Germany."
<G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918).
MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT L. HOWZE
Arrived in France, September 28, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 38th Division ;
Temporarily assigned to 78th Division;
Commanded 3rd Division, Army of Occupation.
Engagements :
Meuse-Argonne.
Born: Texas, August 22, 1864.
Distinguished Service Medal. G. O. 89.
[101]
(c)
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ALVIN C. YORK, Sergeant,
Company G, 328th Infantry,
82nd Division.
Major General Duncan said, "The exploit of this
tall, raw-boned, Tennessee mountaineer, with a red
face and red hair, is the most remarkable I have
heard of in the whole war." He is a drafted man.
He "got religion" previous to the war. Although he
had toted a gun ever since he could carry one, and
was an excellent squirrel shot, he had then a fixed
conviction that it was wrong to kill. However, he
did not resist the draft and in fact he became a very
excellent corporal. Captain Danforth, of his com-
pany, took an interest in the boy and as a result of
the Captain's use of scriptural quotations, York was
convinced of the righteousness of the war and decided
to fight.
On the morning of the 8th of October, 1918, he was
sent out with a combat group, in charge of a sergeant,
to put certain enemy machine-guns out of action.
The group came under the fire of a Hun machine-
gun nest and the sergeant in command and all the
members of the party were killed outright or mor-
tally wounded, except Corporal York and seven men.
Corporal York assumed command, the party pro-
ceeded, charged the machine-gun nest, captured it
and took several prisoners. The little party then
advanced until they came under the fire of a line of
thirty-five enemy machine-guns. In a moment York
was fighting a battle alone against the thirty-five
machine-guns. In fact, he out-fought the machine-
gun battalion with his rifle and automatic pistol. He
killed twenty of the Germans, captured one hundred
and thirty-two prisoners, including a major and three
lieutenants, put the thirty-five machine-guns out of
business, and thereby broke up an entire battalion
[105]
which was about to counter-attack against the Ameri-
cans on Hill 223, in the Argonne section, near Cha-
teau-Thierry.
Corporal York delivered his prisoners to the nearest
battalion headquarters, which was not his own, and
at his own headquarters he made no mention of his
part in the affair. It was only by accident that the
story came to his own commander from an adjacent
battalion. The facts were then verified and for this
action York received the Distinguished Service Cross
and later the Congressional Medal of Honor. The
artist asked Corporal York if he were married.
"No," he answered slowly, with his Southern drawl,
"I was always a kind of a mommer's boy."
"I certify that I personally counted the
prisoners reported to the P. C. of the 2nd
Battalion, 328th Infantry, by Corporal
Alvin C. York, Company G, 328th Infan-
try, on October 8, 1918, and found them to
be one hundred and thirty-two in number.
Joseph A. Woods, 1st Lieutenant,
Assistant Division Inspector."
[107]
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.
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GEORGE E. BURR, Sergeant, First Class,
Company C, 107th Field Signal Battalion,
32nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Cierges,
August 2, 1918."
Sergeant Burr, in charge of a detachment, strung
wire far in advance of the front lines, working
through heavy artillery fire, to the point where the
regimental post of command was to be situated, one
hundred yards from the enemy line. When he was
ordered to leave one man at the instrument while the
rest of the detachment returned to the rear, Sergeant
Burr selected himself and remained alone in this
dangerous position. The men of his detachment say
his smile "never came off."
[in]
-1 r I.
MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE B. DUNCAN
Arrived in France, June, 1917, with rank of Colonel.
Promotions :
Brigadier General, August 5, 1917 ;
Major General, April 12, 1918.
Assignments :
Colonel, 26th Infantry, 1st Division;
Commanded 1st Brigade, 1st Division, August 5.
1917;
Commanded 77th Division, May 26, 1918;
Commanded 82nd Division, October 15, 1918.
Born: Kentucky, October 10, 1861.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. Arriving in France with the
first contingent of American troops, he com-
manded in turn a regiment, brigade, and divi-
sion with conspicuous success. In the com-
mand of the Seventy-seventh Division, in the
Baccarat sector, his sound military judgment,
energy, and resolution were important factors
in the successes gained. Later, in command
of the Eighty-second Division, in the Argonne-
Meuse offensive, he proved himself a brilliant
leader, with great force and energy." G. O.
12 (January 17, 1919).
[113]
I
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PATRICK WALSH, Sergeant,
Company I, 18th Infantry,
1st Division.
Pat — you know it's Pat — has done thirty-one years
of service in the U. S. Regular Army. He is the
kind of sergeant upon whom the training and disci-
pline of the Army depend. Wlien we went into the
war he was given a chance to retire with pension,
having served his full time, but Walsh preferred to
go overseas after more medals — and won them, too—
the Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de
Guerre with Palm. In a brilliant manner he cap-
tured a nest of enemy machine-guns that was doing
particular damage to his unit. General Pershing's
congratulations were conveyed to Sergeant Walsh
through the First Division Headquarters March 5,
1918.
According to his citation in General Orders 126,
"He voluntarily followed his company commander to
the first line through a severe barrage, and when
the captain was killed, he assumed command of a
group on his own initiative, attacked a superior force
of the enemy and inflicted heavy losses upon them."
[117]
©
MAJOR GENERAL EDWARD F. McGLACHLIN
Arrived in France, March 4, 1918, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, April 12, 1918.
Born: Wisconsin, June 9, 1868.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of the Ar-
tillery of the First Army in its organization
and subsequent operations he solved the diffi-
cult problems involved with rare military
judgment. In the St. Mihiel and Argonne-
Meuse offensives his qualities as a leader were
demonstrated by the effective employment of
Artillery that was planned and conducted
under his direction. He later commanded with
great ability and success the First Infantry
Division of the American Expeditionary
Forces." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[121]
^ArtAX3&4&^
MAJOR GENERAL JOHN L. HINES
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of Lieu-
tenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Colonel, August 5, 1917;
Brigadier General, April 12, 1918;
Major General, August 8, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 16th Infantry;
Commanded 1st Infantry Brigade, 1st Division, May
5, 1918;
Commanded 4th Division, August 31, 1918;
Commanded 3rd Army Corps, October 12, 1918.
Born: West Virginia, May 21, 1868.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as regimental, brigade, divi-
sion, and corps commander. He displayed
marked ability in each of the important duties
with which he was intrusted and exhibited in
the operations near Montdidier and Soissons
and in the St. Mihiel and Argonne-Meuse
offensives his high attainments as a soldier and
a commander." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[125]
BRIGADIER GENERAL WALTER D. McCAW
Arrived in France, March 7, 1918, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General;
Surgeon General, A. E. F.
Born: Virginia, February 10, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. His counsel and advice in
the earlier stages of the operations of the
American Expeditionary Forces were of par-
ticular benefit to the effective work of the
Medical Department. As chief surgeon of
the American Expeditionary Forces, in the
later operations in the field, he maintained the
splendid efficiency of that department at a
critical time and solved each new problem
presented with wisdom and marked ability."
G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[129]
ALAN LOUIS EGGERS, Sergeant,
Machine Gun Company, 107th Infantry,
27th Division.
JOHN CRIDLAND LATHAM, Sergeant,
Machine Gun Company, 107th Infantry,
27th Division.
"Sergeant Alan Louis Eggers, Sergeant John Grid-
land Latham and Corporal Thomas E. O'Shea, Ma-
chine Gun Company, 107th Infantry — For conspicu-
ous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the
call of duty, in action with the enemy near Le Catelet,
September 29, 1918. Becoming separated from their
platoon during a smoke barrage, Sergeants John
Cridland Latham, Alan Louis Eggers and Corporal
Thomas E. O'Shea took cover in a shell hole well
within the enemy's lines. Upon hearing a call for
help from an American tank, which had become dis-
abled thirty yards from them, the three men left their
shelter and started toward the tank, under heavy fire
from German machine-guns and trench mortars. In
crossing the fire-swept area Corporal O'Shea was
mortally wounded, but his companions, undeterred,
proceeded to the tank, rescued a wounded officer and
two men and assisted them to cover in a nearby
trench. Sergeants Latham and Eggers then returned
to the tank in the face of violent fire, dismounted a
Hotchkiss gun and took it back to where the wounded
men were, all day keeping off the enemy by effective
use of the gun, and later bringing it, with the
wounded men, back to our lines under cover of dark-
ness."
Medal of Honor.
[133]
u.
MAURICE N. HOWE, Captain,
167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
"Captain Maurice N. Howe, 167th Infantry, led the
most brilliant raid ever accomplished by this division.
In September, 1918, immediately after the lines had
stabilized, following the St. Mihiel Offensive, the 84th
Infantry Brigade of the 42nd Division held the most
northerly part of the line (as part of the plan of
operation preliminary to the Verdun Offensive) and
was directed to take prisoners. A simultaneous raid
with artillery preparation was planned for five o'clock
in the morning for both the 167th and 168th Infantry.
The former regiment was to raid Haumont, then
known to be held by a Jaeger Battalion and the
latter regiment was to clean out Marimbois Farm.
Captain Howe planned and executed the raid of the
167th Infantry, commanding his entire company.
Under cover of the artillery preparation, he pushed
his company to the immediate outskirts of Haumont
on which the artillery was firing, and the moment
the artillery lifted, he led his company at full speed
around and through the town from the south and
when he reached the north limit of the town, turned
and struck back for his lines, killing or gathering
in all Germans that were encountered — a total of
twenty-nine prisoners. While the town was being
mopped up, Captain Howe maintained his com-
mand at the church and after the last man of his
company had left, followed the raiding party out
so as to make sure that no (wounded or) un wounded
Americans were left within the enemy lines. He
then returned to our lines. The total elapsed time
of the raid, including artillery preparation, was fifty-
three minutes. Forty per cent of the outpost com-
pany of a well known Jaeger Battalion was taken
[137]
prisoner, and due to Captain Howe's daring and
masterly leadership, the total American casualties
were one wounded."
(Signed) WOLF, Chief -of -Staff,
167th Infantry.
CITATION :
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Haumont,
France, on September 22, 1918.
"Captain Howe commanded an early morning raid
on the town of Haumont and not only executed the
raid successfully, but returned alone a second time,
to be sure that none of his men had been left wounded.
He inflicted severe losses on the enemy and took
seventeen prisoners."
Distinguished Service Cross.
Chevalier, Ordre Leopold I.
[139]
LIEUTENANT GENERAL ROBERT L. BULLARD
Arrived in France, June 28, 1917, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promotions :
Major General, August 5, 1917;
Lieutenant General, October 16, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded First Division, December 13, 1917 ;
Commanded First Corps, January 20, 1918;
Commanded Second Army, October, 1918.
Born: Alabama, January 15, 1861.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as commander of the Second
Army of the American Expeditionary Forces.
In the course of this war he commanded in
turn the first American division to take its
place in the front lines in France, the Third
Corps, and the Second Army. He partici-
pated in operations in reduction of the Marne
salient and in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
He was in command of the Second Army when
the German resistance west of the Meuse was
shattered." G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918).
[143]
FRED C. STEIN, Corporal,
Company F, 125th Infantry,
32nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Romagne,
October 9, 1918.
"Corporal Stein charged and captured a strong
enemy machine-gun nest and immediately turned the
gun on the enemy. He was twice wounded while
changing the position of the gun, but continued to
operate it under heavy shell and machine-gun fire
until he received a third wound, in the arm, which
made it impossible for him to further operate the
gun/'
Distinguished Service Cross.
[145]
©
JAMES B. LEPLEY, Sergeant,
Company M, 168th Infantry,
42nd Division.
On July 28th, near Sergy, he led his platoon for-
ward in the face of heavy machine-gun fire, and in
spite of being wounded, captured six machine-guns
and thirteen prisoners from the Prussian Guards.
Near Souain, to the northeast of Chalons-sur-Marne,
on the night of July 14, 1918, Sergeant Lepley left
his trench and returned to the woods, through a
smothering fire of gas, high explosives and shrapnel,
to search for two men of his platoon who were miss-
ing. He found them lost in the woods and guided
them safely back to the platoon.
Distinguished Service Cross.
[149]
5v
JAMES A. MEISSNER, Major,
Air Service, Pilot,
147th Aero Squadron.
"For extraordinary heroism in action in the Toul
sector May 2, 1918."
This was while Meissner, then a lieutenant, was at-
tached to the 94th Aero Squadron. This engage-
ment was with a German Albatross Scout— the first
enemy plane he had seen in the air. He was flying
a Nieuport and in the combat the entering wedge and
upper surface of fabric were torn away from the wing
of his plane and he was subjected to heavy fire from
anti-aircraft batteries, but by a skilful operation and
cool judgment, he succeeded in making a landing
within the American lines. A Bronze Oak Leaf was
awarded Meissner, then Captain, for each of the fol-
lowing acts of heroism in action:
On May 30, 1918, he attacked two enemy planes at
an altitude of 4500 meters, and after a sharp en-
gagement shot one down in flames and forced the
other back into its own territory. One of his wings
was again torn as before, but he was able to land
safely on the home field. His third victory was in
combat with a Boche Observation Plane over Eply,
June 5th. This after a long chase. His fourth vic-
tory was in combat with another Boche Observation
Plane, June 13th, over Thiacourt.
July 24th he was assigned to command the 147th
Aero Squadron (this when he was 21 years old).
August 1st, aided by Lieutenant Brotherton, in a
fight against six Fokker Scouts, he won his fifth vic-
tory. During the St. Mihiel Drive and the Argonne
Drive, he operated from the Rembercourt Field, do-
ing low patrols from 100 to 1500 feet high and spe-
cializing in attacks on enemy observation balloons at
dawn and sunset. His sixth victory was in combat
[153]
€>
with an observation plane over Nantillois in con-
junction with Lieutenant O'Niel, on October 10th.
October 28th he shot down an observation balloon
east of Dun-sur-Meuse at dawn. October 29th he
won a victory over an observation plane (Rumpler)
at Buzancy.
Total combats, about 20. Promoted to Major Octo-
ber 4, 1918.
Distinguished Service Cross and four Bronze Oak
Leaves.
DAVID BINKLEY, Sergeant.
Company I, 168th Infantry,
42nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action at Hill 212,
near Sergy, northeast of Chateau-Thierry, July 18,
1918.
"Private Binkley sought and obtained permission to
go out in front of our lines and recover his corporal
who was lying severely wounded in the open." He
crossed an open area that was swept for more than
fifty yards by enemy machine guns. While the enemy
fire was directed at him he reached his corporal,
picked him up and carried him in his arms safely
back into our lines. Later he was wounded but re-
fused to go to the aid station until his company had
won its objective.
Distinguished Service Cross.
[157]
MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT ALEXANDER
Arrived in France, November, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promotions :
Brigadier General, December 17, 1917 ;
Major General, August 8, 1918.
Assignments :
Inspector General, Lines of Communication, Novem-
ber 23, 1917;
Commanding 41st (1st Depot) Division, February
13, 1918;
Commanding 63rd Infantry Brigade, August 3 ;
Commanding 77th Division, September 7.
Born: Maryland, October 12, 1863.
Distinguished Service Cross.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near
Grand-Pre, France, October 11, 1918. Dur-
ing the advance in the Argonne Forest, and at
a time when his forces were fatigued by the
stress of battle and a long period of active
front-line service, Major General Alexander
visited the units in the front line, cheering and
encouraging them to greater efforts. Unmind-
ful of the severe fire to which he was sub j ected,
he continued until he had inspected each group,
his utter disregard of danger and inspiring
example resulting in the crossing of the Aire
and the capture of Grand-Pre and St. Juvin."
G. O. 35 (March 8, 1919).
[161]
MAJOR GENERAL HENRY T. ALLEN
Arrived in France, June 22, 1918;
Organized, trained, and fought 90th Division;
Later organized and commanded 8th Army Corps.
Born: Kentucky, April 13, 1859.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. In command of the Nine-
tieth Division. He had the most important
position of conducting the right flank at the
St. Mihiel salient. The brilliant success there
gained and later repeated in the Argonne-
Meuse offensive showed him to be an officer
of splendid judgment, high attainments, and
excellent leadership. Later he commanded the
Eighth Army Corps with skill and judgment."
G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[165]
CSV
MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE BELL, Jr.
Arrived in France, May 24, 1918;
Commanded the 33rd Division, May 25, 1918.
Born: Maryland, January 23, 1859.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He led his command, with
distinction, in the offensive operations with
the British which resulted in the capture of
Hamel and Hamel Woods, and in the fighting
on the Meuse that gained the villages of
Marcheville, St. Hilaire, and a portion of Bois
d'Harville. He displayed a high order of
leadership in the Argonne-Meuse offensive,
when his division attacked and captured the
strongly fortified Bois de Forges. The suc-
cessful operations of the division which he
trained and commanded in combat were
greatly influenced by his energy and abilities
as a commander." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919).
[169]
et ft.
BRIGADIER GENERAL THOMAS B. DUG AN
Assignments :
70th Infantry Brigade;
Later commanded 35th Division.
Born : Maryland, July 27, 1858. .
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded the 70th
Infantry Brigade during a part of the Meuse-
Argonne offensive with great distinction and
marked ability. By his painstaking energy,
zeal, and great initiative he proved to be a
material factor in the successes of the divi-
sion." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919).
[173]
f
H. C. DOUGHERTY, Color-Sergeant,
Headquarters Company, 18th Infantry,
1st Division.
His Division Adjutant designated Dougherty as a
"non-commissioned officer of splendid courage,
energy and ability — an example to all. Notably on
July 21st and 22nd, when in command of reinforce-
ments for the front line, he carried out his mission
with complete success, commanding his detachment
with the greatest skill, coolness and energy. Upon
being relieved, he returned to bring out on his back
one of the wounded of his detachment."
For this act of bravery he was cited by the com-
manding general of the First Division and was also
awarded the Croix de Guerre.
Color-Sergeant Dougherty participated with his regi-
ment in all its battles, including the St. Mihiel and
the Meuse-Argonne offensives. From November 6
to 11 he particularly distinguished himself in the
Ardennes Drive. Colonel Hunt, of the 18th Infan-
try, wrote, "Color-Sergeant Dougherty, when at the
Picardy front April 28th to July 28th, rendered in-
valuable services to the regiment. He was at all
times an example of the best type of an American
soldier."
Distinguished Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre.
[177]
BRIGADIER GENERAL DENNIS E. NOLAN
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of
Major.
Promotions:
Colonel, August 5, 1917;
Brigadier General, August 8, 1918.
Assignments :
Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., 2nd Section (In-
telligence) ;
Commanded 55th Infantry Brigade, 28th Division,
September 28 ;
Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., 2nd Section (In-
telligence), October 10.
Born: New York, April 22, 1872.
Distinguished Service Cross.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near
Apremont, France, October 1, 1918. While
the enemy were preparing a counter-attack,
which they preceded by a terrific barrage, Gen.
Nolan made his way into the town of Apre-
mont and personally directed the movements
of his tanks under a most harassing fire of
enemy machine-guns, rifles, and artillery.
His indomitable courage and coolness so in-
spired his forces that about 400 of our troops
repulsed an enemy attack of two German
regiments." G. O. 50 (April 12, 1919).
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He organized and admin-
istered with marked ability the intelligence sec-
tion of the General Staff of the American
Expeditionary Forces. His estimates of the
complex and everchanging military arid politi-
[181]
cal situation, his sound judgment, and accurate
discrimination were invaluable to the Govern-
ment, and influenced greatly the success that
attended the operations of the American
armies in Europe." G. O. 12 (January 17,
1919).
[183]
MIECZYSLAW BROCKI, Corporal,
Company B, 16th Infantry,
1st Division.
For extraordinary heroism in action south of Soissons
July 21, 1918, Brocki was awarded the Distinguished
Service Cross. On this date German machine-guns
were causing very heavy losses to Company B, and
Brocki, on his own initiative, dashed forward with
two companions through the heavy fire of the enemy,
and captured two German machine-guns. This was
only one incident of Corporal Brocki's exceptional
activities during the operations from July 18 to 22.
[187]
DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, Captain,
Air Service, Pilot.
"For extraordinary heroism in action on May 19,
1918.
"Captain Campbell attacked an enemy biplane at an
altitude of 4500 meters east of Flirey. He rushed to
the attack, but after shooting a few rounds, his gun
jammed. Undeterred by this accident, he maneu-
vered so as to protect himself, corrected the jam in
mid-air and returned to the assault. After a short,
violent action the enemy collapsed and crashed to
the earth.
"One Bronze Oak Leaf was awarded to Captain
Campbell for each of the following acts of extraor-
dinary heroism in action:
"On May 27th he encountered three enemy mono-
planes at an altitude of 3000 meters over Montsec.
Despite the superior strength of the enemy, he
promptly attacked and, fighting a brave battle, shot
down one German machine, which fell in three pieces,
and drove the other two well within the enemy lines.
On May 28th he saw six German Albatross aero-
planes flying toward him at an altitude of 3000
meters, near Bois Rata. Regardless of personal dan-
ger, he immediately attacked and by skilful maneu-
vering and accurate operation of his machine gun, he
brought one plane down in flames and drove the other
five back into their own lines. On May 31st, he took
the offensive against two German biplanes at an alti-
tude of 2500 meters, over Lironville, shot down one
of them and pursued the other far behind the German
lines. On June 5th, accompanied by another pilot,
he attacked two enemy battle-planes at an altitude
of 5700 meters over Eply. After a spirited combat,
Captain Campbell was shot through the back by a
machine gun bullet, but in spite of his injury, kept
on fighting until he had forced one of the enemy
planes to the ground, where it was destroyed by ar-
tillery fire, and had driven the other plane back into
his own territory."
Distinguished Service Cross and four Bronze Oak
Leaves. French Legion of Honor.
HAROLD J. DEVEREAUX, Private,
Company M, 125th Infantry.
32nd Division.
When General LudendorfT reported that the Ameri-
can soldier is less a soldier and more a "hunter," he
evidently had in mind this type.
When Devereaux's company had crossed the River
Ourcq and captured the Bois Pelger, the corporal of
his squad, fighting beside Private Devereaux, was
wounded by machine-gun fire. The corporal fell to
the ground and the enemy continued to fire on the
wounded man. This peeved Private Devereaux, who
sprinted across the open and single handed attacked
and put out of action that machine-gun. Devereaux
is one of the "hunters" who won the Distinguished
Service Cross and the Croix de Guerre with gilt star.
[193]
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM M. WRIGHT
Arrived in France, April 16, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 35th Division, May 4 ;
Commanded 3rd Corps, June 17;
Commanded 5th Corps, July 10;
Commanded 7th Corps, August 22;
Commanded 89th Division, October 1 ;
Commanded 1st Corps.
Born: New Jersey, September 24, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded in turn the
Thirty-fifth Division; the Third, Fifth, and
Seventh Army Corps, under the eighth French
Army in the Vosges Mountains, and later com-
manded the Eighty-ninth Division in the St.
Mihiel offensive and in the final operations on
the Meuse River, where he proved himself to
be an energetic and aggressive leader." G. O.
12 (January 17, 1919).
[197]
MAJOR GENERAL EDMUND WITTENMYER
Arrived in France, April 30, 1918, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, October 13, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 153rd Infantry Brigade, 77th Division ;
Commanded 7th Division, October 27.
Born : Ohio, April 25, 1862.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He served with marked
distinction as brigade commander in the Ar-
gonne-Meuse offensive and as division com-
mander in the final operations in the Toul
sector, and in both capacities, by his untiring
efforts and breadth of vision, proved himself
to be an able leader." G. O. 12 (January 17,
1919).
[201]
\
RALPH ATKINSON, Sergeant,
Headquarters Company, 167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Landres-
et-St. Georges, October 16, 1918."
During the attack on C6te-de-Chatillon Sergeant
Atkinson, in command of the Stokes Mortar Platoon,
was advancing with the first wave of the assault, when,
upon nearing the objective about two hundred and
fifty of the enemy formed for a counter-attack. At
this juncture Sergeant Atkinson with a Stokes mor-
tar ran out under heavy fire to a position where he
could get a fair field of fire, set up the mortar and
opened a murderous fire on the approaching enemy,
dispersing them in every direction. His quick action
and good judgment not only broke up the enemy
counter-attack but inflicted very severe losses, Atkin-
son himself showing extraordinary heroism and cour-
age at a most critical time.
Distinguished Service Cross.
[205]
•"V
"* ^
PEARL J. WINES, Sergeant,
Company E, 358th Infantry,
90th Division.
Wines was wounded at St. Mihiel, September 12,
1918. Five Germans unexpectedly jumped upon
him and "got him" in the side. Down went Sergeant
Wines, but up again and at the five. Unaided, he
engaged the entire number. Three of the Germans
perished by his bayonet and the other two he drove
back as prisoners to his own lines. This about one
kilometer north of Fey-en-Haye.
Distinguished Service Cross.
PHILIP BENSON, First Lieutenant,
Air Service, Pilot,
185th Aero Squadron.
Volunteered under orders for night bombing and
with a Sop with camel was particularly efficient in
night "chasse" work. He was one of those who had
the privilege and distinction of giving the Hun a
taste of his own medicine — this by dropping bombs
on German towns and firing into Hun supply trains.
[ 209]
a
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.*>
MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES P. SUMMERALL
Arrived in France, October 31, 1917, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, June 26, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 67th Field Artillery Brigade;
Commanded 1st Field Artillery Brigade, Decem-
ber 19;
Commanded 1st Division, July 1 ;
Commanded 5th Corps, October 18.
Born: Florida, March 4, 1867.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded in turn a
brigade of the First Division in the operations
near Montdidier, the First Division during the
Soissons and St. Mihiel offensives and in the
early battles of the Argonne-Meuse advance,
and the Fifth Army Corps in the later battles
of this advance. In all of these important
duties his calm courage, his clear judgment,
and his soldierly character had a marked in-
fluence in the attainment of the successes of
his commands." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919) .
[215]
C. 9,
BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM W. HARTS
Commanded U. S. Troops, Paris, September 31, 1918.
Before that date was American Representative at
British G. H. Q. (France).
Born: Illinois, August 29, 1866.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. In command of the im-
portant district of Paris, by his painstaking
efforts and able direction he maintained a high
standard of discipline and efficiency among
his large command. By his tact and keen
perception he handled numerous diplomatic
affairs with great satisfaction, rendering serv-
ices of superior value to the American Expe-
ditionary Forces."
[219]
MAJOR GENERAL JAMES G. HARBORD
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of Lieu-
tenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Brigadier General, August 5, 1917 ;
Major General, June 26, 1918.
Assignments :
First Chief of Staff, A. E. F. ;
Commanded 4th Infantry Brigade, May 5, 1918;
Commanded 2nd Division, July 1-July 5, July 20-
August 2;
Commanding General of the Service of Supplies,
July 26, 1918.
Born: Illinois, March 21, 1866.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For his most exceptional services as chief of
staff of the American Expeditionary Forces,
and later as commanding general, Services of
Supply, in both of which important positions
his great constructive ability and professional
attainments have played an important part in
the success obtained by our Armies. Com-
manded Marine Brigade of Second Division,
Belleau Wood, and later ably commanded
Second Division during attack on Soissons,
France, July 18, 1918." G. O. 36 (Decem-
ber 20, 1918).
[223]
SIDNEY E. MANNING, Corporal,
Company G, 167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
"For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above
and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy
near Breuvannes, France, July 28, 1918. When his
platoon commander and platoon sergeant had both
become casualties soon after the beginning of an as-
sault on strongly fortified heights overlooking the
Ourcq River, Corporal Manning took command of
his platoon, which was near the center of the attack-
ing line. Though himself severely wounded, he led
forward the 35 men remaining in the platoon, and
finally succeeded in gaining a foothold on the enemy
position, during which time he had received more
wounds and all but seven of his men had fallen.
Directing the consolidation of the position, he held off
a large body of the enemy only 50 yards away by
fire from his automatic rifle. He declined to take
cover until the line had been entirely consolidated
with the line of the platoon on the flank, when he
dragged himself to shelter, suffering from the wounds
in all parts of the body."
Distinguished Service Cross.
Medal of Honor.
[225]
MAJOR GENERAL HANSON E. ELY
Arrived in France, June 15, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promotions :
Brigadier General, July 9, 1918;
Major General, October 4, 1918.
Assignments :
Chief of Staff, 1st Division;
Commanded 28th Infantry;
Commanded 3rd Infantry Brigade, July 15, 1918 ;
Commanded 5th Division, October 18, 1918.
Born: Iowa, November 23, 1867.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded with skill
and marked distinction a regiment in the
trench fighting north of Toul, in the operations
west of Montdidier, and in the action at Can-
tigny. As a brigade commander at Soissons
and as a division commander in the Argonne-
Meuse offensive he demonstrated rare capa-
bilities as a commander." G. O. 12 (Janu-
ary, 1919).
[229]
CHARLES BASKERVILLE, Jr., First Lieutenant,
166th Infantry,
42nd Division.
A Plattsburg graduate who went overseas with the
Rainbow Division October, 1917, and commanded
his company during the winter training that followed.
He went into the trenches in the Lorraine sector
February, 1918. He participated in many patrols
and was recommended for the D. S. C. for his ex-
traordinary heroism. On June 5th, when in charge
of a patrol, he was caught between two barrages and
by his intrepidity and quick-wittedness succeeded in
conducting his patrol safely through the barrages, at
the same time keeping the enemy from making a
counter-attack.
During the last German offensive in the Champagne
sector, on July 14-15, he was cited for "gallant and
meritorious conduct" by his Colonel for refusing to
be evacuated or to leave his company, although badly
wounded and gassed. In fact, a serious shoulder
wound was not dressed for thirty hours during this
action.
"Later, in the Aisne-Marne offensive north of Cha-
teau-Thierry he again gave evidence of rare courage
and faithfulness to duty," as is recorded in his cita-
tion. After several months in hospitals he acted as
a confidential courier in the Argonne offensive, was
later assigned to duty at the German Officer Prisoner
of War Enclosure at Richelieu where he served until
invalided home, in January, 1919, to be honorably
discharged as disabled by wounds.
[233]
\r\
BRIGADIER GENERAL FOX CONNER
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of Lieu-
tenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Colonel, August 5, 1917 ;
Brigadier General, August 8, 1918;
Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., Chief of Third
Section (Operations).
Born: Mississippi, November 2, 1874.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As assistant chief of staff in
charge of the operations section he has shown a
masterful conception of all the tactical situa-
tions which have confronted the American
forces in Europe. By his high professional
attainments and sound military judgment he
has handled with marked skill the many de-
tails of the complex problems of organization
and troop movements that were necessitated by
the various operations of the American Ex-
peditionary Forces." G. O. 12 (January 17,
1919).
[237]
I
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM H. HAY
Arrived in France, June 19, 1918, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, October 1, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 184th Brigade, 92nd Division;
Commanded 28th Division, October 26, 1918.
Born: Florida, July 16, 1880.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of the 184th
Infantry Brigade he showed efficient leader-
ship. Promoted to major generalship in the
early part of October, 1918, he took command
of the 28th Division, and by his marked ability
and great energy he contributed to the suc-
cesses attained by the division during the time
in which he was in command. He rendered
services of a high character to the American
Expeditionary Forces." G. O. 89 (July 15,
1919).
[ 241 ]
MAJOR GENERAL JOHN F. O'RYAN
Arrived in France, October 5, 1917.
Commanded 27th Division.
Born: New York, August 21, 1874.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of the
Twenty-seventh Division in its successful
operations with the British in France in the
autumn of 1918 he displayed qualities of skill
and aggressiveness which mark him as a leader
of ability. In the breach of the Hindenburg
line between St. Quentin and Cambria the
name of his division is linked with the British
in adding new laurels to the allied forces in
France." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[245]
/f/7
THOMAS H. FALLAW, Captain,
167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Landres-
et-St. Georges, October 16, 1918.
"In the attack on the C6te-de-Chatillon, seeing that
the entire advance was being held up in an open field
by heavy machine-gun fire from the edge of the wood,
Captain Fallaw organized a detachment and led it
in a rush on the woods under heavy fire, making a
daring and vigorous attack on the enemy machine-
gun nests, clearing the edge of the woods, capturing
prisoners, and inflicting severe losses on the enemy.
Through this gallant act Captain Fallaw gained the
final objective with a minimum loss to his command
and set an inspiring example of disregard for per-
sonal safety and devotion to duty."
Citation for Distinguished Service Cross.
F. H. McKAIG, Corporal,
83rd Company, 6th Marines,
2nd Division.
Corporal McKaig was one of the boys who "held
'em" at Chateau-Thierry. He showed extraordinary
heroism while acting as battalion runner, repeatedly
carrying important messages through heavy fire of
enemy machine-guns and artillery and gas and under
the bombs of enemy planes. This on the night of
September 14, 1918, while the Germans were counter-
attacking near Jaulny.
[249]
HERMAN KORTH, Sergeant,
Company D, 121st Machine Gun Battalion,
32nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action at Juvigny,
north of Soissons, August 31, 1918."
This man was born in a little German town, but was
made in America. Out on the brow of a gently slop-
ing hill went Korth alone. The enemy machine-guns
were below the slope of the hill, and it was impossible
for our gunners to see their location, so Korth volun-
teered to go out on the hill top and drive stakes to
line our artillery fire on. There, within sight of the
enemy, he remained directing our artillery fire, his
chance for life one in a million.
Distinguished Service Cross.
[255]
BRIGADIER GENERAL WALTER A. BETHEL
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of Lieu-
tenant Colonel.
Promoted :
Brigadier General, August 5, 1917;
Judge Advocate, A. E. F.
Born: Ohio, November 25, 1866.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As judge advocate of the
American Expeditionary Forces he organized
this important department and administered
its affairs with conspicuous efficiency from the
date of the arrival in France of the first Ameri-
can combat troops. His marked legal ability
and sound judgment were important factors in
the splendid work of his department, and he at
all times handled with success the various mili-
tary and international problems that arose as
a result of the operations of our armies."
G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[257]
MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES J. BAILEY
Arrived in France, August 18, 1918;
Commanded the 81st Division, September 7, 1918.
Born: Pennsylvania, June 21, 1859.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services.
He commanded the 81st Division, with dis-
tinction, throughout its operations beginning
October 1, 1918. The excellent conduct of this
division was due, in a large measure, to his
great military knowledge, energy and zeal.
He has shown qualities of able leadership and
has rendered services of great value to the
American Expeditionary Forces."
[261]
€>
MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES T. MENOHER
Arrived in France, August 13, 1917, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, November 28, 1917.
Assignments :
Commanded 42nd Division, November 1, 1917;
Commanded 6th Army Corps, November 10, 1918.
Born: Pennsylvania, March 20, 1862.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. In command of the Forty-
second Division from Chateau-Thierry to the
conclusion of the Argonne-Meuse offensive,
including the Baccarat sector, Rheims, Vesle,
and at the St. Mihiel salient, this officer, with
his division, participated in all of those im-
portant engagements. The reputation as a
fighting unit of the Forty-second Division is
in no small measure due to the soldierly quali-
ties and the military leadership of this officer."
G, O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[265]
\
PAUL W. BRADLEY, Corporal,
Machine Gun Company, 165th Infantry,
42nd Division.
Cited four times for extraordinary heroism in action :
April 26, 1918, Ancerviller; July 29, Meurcy Farm
(Chateau-Thierry) ; October 14, near Landres-et-St.
Georges (Meuse-Argonne) ; and November 3, in the
advance on Sedan.
"When an enemy shell struck the gun position of
his squad near Ancerviller severely wounding him,
Corporal Bradley, then a private, coolly removed the
gun to a place of safety and returned for the tripod,
being wounded for the second time in so doing."
Near Meurcy Farm this soldier, in command of his
squad, was severely wounded in the arm by machine-
gun fire, but refused medical treatment, remaining
with his command until the objective had been taken
and the line firmly established.
"During the advance on the enemy position near
Landres-et-St. Georges, Corporal Bradley again dis-
played conspicuous coolness and courage in taking
charge of his section, after the section-sergeant had
been wounded, and directing the placing and firing
of the guns."
Distinguished Service Cross.
[269]
BRIGADIER GENERAL EDGAR RUSSEL
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, August 5, 1917;
Chief of the Signal Corps, A. E. F.
Born: Missouri, February 20, 1862.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptonally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As chief signal officer,
American Expeditionary Forces, he has
shown great ability in the organization and
administration of his department and the re-
sults attained are largely due to his zeal and
energy. The Signal Corps in France stands
out as one of the masterful accomplishments
of the American Expeditionary Forces, and
to General Russel is due the credit for its
foundation and organization." G. O. 12
(January 17, 1919).
[273]
AUGUST STEIDL, Sergeant,
Company A, 26th Infantry,
1st Division.
Cited for extraordinary heroism in action from July
18 to 23, 1918.
"Steidl showed exceptional bravery and control over
his platoon while advancing through enemy machine-
gun and artillery fire before reaching his final ob-
jective, which he took, in spite of wounds, gas, and
shell shock."
For further acts of extraordinary heroism he was
awarded the Croix de Guerre with Palm, and the
Medaille Militaire.
277 ]
GRADY PARRISH, Sergeant,
Company G, 167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near C6te-de-
Chatillon, October, 16, 1918.
After his platoon commander had been severely
wounded and his platoon had suffered heavy casual-
ties, Sergeant Parrish quickly reorganized the re-
mainder of the platoon and personally led it in the
attack on C6te-de-Chatillon. By his daring acts,
coolness, and good judgment, he broke up a heavy
enemy counter-attack on his front, thereby saving his
men and being an example of exceptional heroism
and devotion to duty."
Distinguished Service Cross.
STACY A. LEWIS, Sergeant,
Company A, 2nd Machine Gun Battalion,
1st Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Soissons,
July 22, 1918.
"He voluntarily organized a machine-gun crew,
moved forward in front of the Infantry under heavy
machine-gun and shell fire, killed an entire enemy
machine-gun nest, and captured the guns."
Distinguished Service Cross.
[281]
€>
JOHN R. O'BRIEN, Corporal,
Company K, 23rd Infantry,
2nd Division.
"After his platoon commander had been severely
wounded and his platoon sergeant killed, he assumed
command of the platoon, keeping the men well up
on the line, controlling their fire and, by good advice
and judgment, conserving life. This on the 6th of
June, 1918."
On June 18th a particularly pesky nest of enemy
machine-guns were blazing with a deadly fire at Com-
pany K. That's this boy's company — and "up and at
'em" went Corporal J. R. O'Brien, of Boston. That
machine-gun nest received O'Brien's particular at-
tention. For his nerve a French general decorated
him with the Medaille Militaire and the Croix de
Guerre with Palm, and kissed him on the cheek.
[287]
c
MAJOR GENERAL WALTER H. GORDON
Arrived in France, May 1, 1918, with rank of Briga-
dier General.
Promoted to Major General, August 8, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 10th Brigade, 5th Division;
Commanded 6th Division, August 1, 1918.
Born: Mississippi, June 24, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As Brigade Commander of
the 10th Infantry Brigade, he showed great
energy and zeal in the conduct of his Brigade
during the major part of its manoeuvers.
Later, as Division Commander of the 6th
Division, by his painstaking efforts, he
brought this division to a marked state of
efficiency, rendering services of great value to
the American Expeditionary Forces." G. O.
70.
[289]
€>.
.«%«•>?<
^>
BRIGADIER GENERAL BENJAMIN D. FOULOIS
Arrived in France, November 12, 1917.
Assignments :
Chief of Air Service, November 17, 1917 — May,
1918;
Chief of Air Service, First Army, May, 1918—
July, 1918;
Assistant Chief of Air Service, A. E. F., July, 1918.
Born: Connecticut, December 9, 1879.
Cited for especially meritorious services by the Commander-
in-Chief, A. E. F.
[293]
BRIGADIER GENERAL SAMUEL D. ROCKENBACH
Arrived in France, June 13, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918;
Chief of Tank Corps.
Born: Virginia, January 27, 1869.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished service. As quartermaster of Base
Section No. 1, St. Nazaire, from June to
December, 1917, he rendered especially valu-
able services. Confronted with a problem of
great magnitude befraught with serious diffi-
culties, he went about his task with keen
determination, and by his energy and great
zeal organized and efficiently operated the first
American base in France. Later as Chief of
the Tank Corps, by his tireless energy and
keen determination he established schools of
training for tank personnel and laid the foun-
dation for the organization of the tank units.
He ably directed the operations of the tanks
with the First Army and contributed in a
measure to the success attained." G. O. 78
(June 16, 1919).
[297]
1 ^
WILLIAM A. HARTMAN, Sergeant,
Company F, 107th Engineers,
32nd Division.
"He was a member of a patrol sent out from the
battalion post of command at midnight, August 4,
1918, to reconnoiter the Vesle River front, near
Fismes, for the location of possible sites for pontoon
bridges and of material for making such structures.
Despite heavy artillery and machine-gun fire that
forced the patrol to scatter and separated him from
the lieutenant in charge, he continued the work on
his own initiative, and, acting entirely without orders,
started his detail on the actual construction of rafts
for the pontoon bridges. His courage, ability as a
leader, and his inflexible determination made the
reconnaissance a complete success."
In his portrait Sergeant Hartman is exhibiting two
cubes of "T N T", the wire used in fastening the
explosive, and a spool of time-fuse.
Distinguished Service Cross.
[301]
BRIGADIER GENERAL ROBERT C. DAVIS
Arrived in France, July 28, 1917, with rank of Major.
Promotions :
Lieutenant Colonel, August 5, 1917;
Colonel, May 9, 1918;
Brigadier General, June 26, 1918;
Adjutant General, A. E. F.
Born : Pennsylvania, October 12, 1876.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As adjutant general of the
American Expeditionary Forces he has per-
formed his exacting duties with high profes-
sional skill and administrative ability. The
exceptional efficiency of the adjutant general's
department under his direction was a material
factor in the success of the staff work at gen-
eral headquarters." G. O. 12 (January 17,
1919).
[ 305 ]
MAJOR GENERAL JOHN A. LEJEUNE
Arrived in France, June 8, 1918, with rank of Briga-
dier General.
Promoted to Major General, August 30, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 64th Brigade, 32nd Division, July 5,
1918;
Commanded 4th Brigade, Marines, 2nd Division,
July 25 ;
Commanded 2nd Division, July 28.
Born: Louisiana, January 10, 1867.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded the Second
Division in the successful operations of Thiau-
court, Masif Blanc Mont, St. Mihiel, and on
the west bank of the Meuse. In the Argonne-
Meuse offensive his division was directed with
such sound military judgment and ability that
it broke and held, by the vigor and rapidity
of execution of its attacks, enemy lines which
had hitherto been considered impregnable."
G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[309]
% ..4
DOUGALD FERGUSON, Sergeant,
Machine Gun Company, 126th Infantry,
32nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action.
"When the Infantry on his right was held up by fire
of an enemy machine-gun at Cierges, northeast of
Chateau-Thierry, August 1, 1918, he seized a rifle
and rushed around the flank of the enemy's position,
bayoneting two of the machine-gun crew and shoot-
ing the third, thus enabling the Infantry to advance."
Distinguished Service Cross.
Croix de Guerre with Palm.
FRED CARNEY, Private,
Company G, 26th Infantry,
1st Division.
"With great coolness and bravery, under machine-
gun and shell fire, maintained liaison between his
battalion and company and assisted in reorganizing
his platoon after the platoon commander was
wounded" (citation, December 13th) — this during
operations between the Argonne and the Meuse.
His Commanding Officer selected Private Carney as
his "ideal soldier."
[313]
:~
MAJOR GENERAL ADELBERT CRONKHITE
Arrived in France, May 30, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 80th Division, June 22, 1918;
Commanded 9th Army Corps, November 25.
Born: New York, January 5, 1861.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded the Eighti-
eth Division during the Argonne-Meuse offen-
sive where he demonstrated great ability as a
leader and proved himself a commander of
initiative and courage." G. O. 12 (January
17, 1919).
[819]
/ n
ALBERT W. FRITZ, Private,
Company I, 16th Infantry,
1st Division.
This big fellow looks like a Gibson man, but his buddy
says "he fights like the devil." He received the
D. S. C. for extraordinary heroism in action south of
Soissons, July 16-23, 1918. During these five days
Private Fritz was twice wounded, but he was an
ammunition carrier and his machine-gun company
needed ammunition, so in spite of his two wounds
and in spite of the heavy shell fire to which he was
constantly exposed, this young giant continued to
carry ammunition through the entire action.
[321]
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM C. LANGFITT
Arrived in France, August 17, 1917, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, December 17, 1917;
Chief of Enginers, A. E. F.
Born: Virginia, August 10, 1860.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As director of light, rail-
ways, and roads, and later as chief of utilities
he displayed great ability and marked breadth
of vision. As chief engineer of the American
Expeditionary Forces his brilliant profes-
sional attainments, untiring energy, and devo-
tion to duty placed his department in a state
of efficiency and enabled it to perform its im-
portant function in the most satisfactory man-
ner." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[325]
BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWARD A. KREGER
Arrived in France, March 21, 1918.
Judge Advocate.
Born: Iowa, May 31, 1868.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As Acting Judge Advocate
General for the American Expeditionary
Forces he organized and efficiently adminis-
tered his office, performing exacting duties
with marked distinction. His masterful
knowledge of military law, his foresight and
practical comprehension of the complex prob-
lems involved in his work, enabled him to per-
form it with noteworthy success. His counsel
was wise; his decisions were just. His services
to the American Expeditionary Forces have
been of great value." G. O. 47 (April 7,
1919).
[329]
V,
JAMES W. STOWERS, Sergeant,
Machine Gun Company, 167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
Colonel Wm. P. Screws, commanding the 167th In-
fantry, wrote of Sergeant Stowers as follows:
"He has been with the organization in all its cam-
paigns and battles and has made an excellent, cou-
rageous soldier, and has shown marked ability as a
leader on all occasions, both on and off the battle-
field, and his conduct and deportment have been a
model for, and inspiration to, the men of this com-
mand."— January 2, 1918.
He was cited for rushing into the open under fire
of enemy machine-guns and high explosive shells,
through an area flooded with gas, to the assistance
of a wounded comrade who was lying exposed. Ser-
geant Stowers brought the wounded man safely back
in his arms.
[833]
MAJOR GENERAL CLARENCE R. EDWARDS
Arrived in France, October 10, 1917.
Commanded 26th Division, December 8, 1917.
Engagements :
Champagne-Marne.
Aisne-Marne.
St. Mihiel.
Meuse-Argonne.
Born: Ohio, January 1, 1859.
[337]
MAJOR GENERAL HARRY C. HALE
Arrived in France, September 3, 1918.
Commanded 26th Division, November 16, 1918.
Born: Illinois, July 10, 1861.
[341]
i
CHARLES S. HOOVER, Sergeant,
308th Battery, Trench Artillery,
158th Field Artillery Brigade.
Sergeant Hoover was awarded the D. S. C. and the
Croix de Guerre with gilt star, for his intrepidity
during the offensive action in the Boissois Bois, where
he was in charge of trench mortars. This was near
Brabant-sur-Meuse, October 23, 1918.
Wounded by shrapnel and knocked down by the ex-
plosion of bombs, Hoover crawled to the one mortar
that was undamaged and continued to fire for some
time, until it and he were put out of action.
GEORGE W. LANGHAM, Private,
Company H, 128th Infantry,
32nd Division.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Juvigny,
north of Soissons, August 20 to September 2, 1918.
"Though he had been severely gassed Private Lang-
ham remained on duty with his company while it was
in the front line. Later, when it was in support, he
voluntarily aided in the work of carrying wounded
across an area covered by artillery and machine-gun
fire."
Distinguished Service Cross.
[345]
©
WALTER E. GAULTNEY, Corporal,
Company K, llth Infantry,
5th Division.
Corporal Gaultney was picked out by his commander
as the example of his finest type of soldier. He was
wounded, but that couldn't stop him. Alert, inge-
nious, speedy, heedless of personal danger, he went at
the Hun like Samson with the well known jaw-bone
— only this young Samson's jaw-bone was that nice
long trench knife you see strapped along his pack,
just east of his smile.
[351]
,/
MAJOR GENERAL CLEMENT A. F. FLAGLER
Arrived in France, June 11, 1918, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, October 1, 1918;
Assignments :
Commanded 5th Field Artillery Brigade, June 11,
1918;
Chief of Artillery, 3rd Corps, October 15 ;
Commanded 42nd Division, Army of Occupation.
Engagements :
St. Mihiel
Meuse-Argonne.
Born: Georgia, August 17, 1867.
Cited by the Commander-in-Chief, A. E. F., April 19, 1919.
"For exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous services as
Commanding General, 42nd Division, American Expedition-
ary Forces."
[353]
MAJOR GENERAL JAMES H. McRAE
Arrived in France, June 8, 1918
Commanded 78th Division, May 25, 1918.
Born: Georgia, December 24, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded with great
credit the Seventy-eighth Division in the Ar-
gonne-Meuse offensive and had an important
part in that operation which forced the enemy
to abandon Grandpre. In this and other cam-
paigns his personal influence on the result ob-
tained showed a rich quality of military leader-
ship." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[ 357 ]
CLARENCE W. DAWSON, Mess-Sergeant,
Company B, 168th Infantry,
42nd Division.
Colonel Wolf, Chief -of-Staff of Dawson's regiment,
wrote of this boy as follows: "On March 5, 1918,
while the 42nd Division was in the earliest days of
its tuitionary period in trench warfare and the 168th
Infantry was, in the execution of this program, inter-
leaved with the 128th French Division, the Germans
attempted a large scale raid with extremely severe
artillery preparation and support near Badonviller.
Sergeant Dawson, then a Corporal, was one of the
garrison of a small combat group in the front line
who survived the bombardment, during which the
trenches and dugouts of his position were battered
in. Severely wounded and entirely surrounded, he
met the Germans who were attempting to penetrate
and "mop up" his position, and with great bravery
and skill, assisted by a mere handful of the sur-
vivors of the garrison, ejected all of the raiders from
our lines and conclusively repelled the attempted
raid. For his gallantry and courage on this occasion
he was awarded, upon recommendation of the French
division commander, the Croix de Guerre."
[361]
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BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM W. ATTERBURY
Arrived in France, August 30, 1917.
Chief of Railroad Transportation.
Born: Indiana, January 31, 1866.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As director general of trans-
portation, in the face of almost insurmountable
obstacles he organized and brought to a high
state of efficiency the transportation service of
American Expeditionary Forces. The suc-
cessful operation of this most important serv-
ice, upon which the movements and supply of
the combat troops were dependent, was largely
due to his energy, foresight, and ability."
G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[365]
••-
MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES H. MUIR
Arrived in France, May 18, 1918.
Commanded 28th Division, May 18, 1918;
Commanded 4th Corps, October 12.
Born: Michigan, July 18, 1860.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as division and corps com-
mander. Commanding the Twenty-eighth
Division during the Argonne-Meuse offensive,
and especially in the difficult operations which
resulted in the clearing of the Argonne Forest,
he proved himself to be an energetic leader
of the highest professional attainments. As a
corps commander he displayed the same fine
qualities that characterized his service with a
division." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[" 369 ]
MAJOR GENERAL MARK L. HERSEY
Arrived in France, June 8, 1918, with rank of Briga-
dier General.
Promoted to Major General, October 1, 1918;
Commanded 4th Division, October 31, 1918.
Born: Maine, December 1, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As a brigade commander
during the latter part of the Meuse-Argonne
operation he exhibited qualities of excellent
leadership and sound judgment. His brigade
attacked and penetrated the strong enemy
position of Bois des Loges and wrested this
strong point from the enemy. The success of
his brigade in this engagament was in a large
measure due to his able leadership. Later he
commanded with distinction the 4th Division
during its operations in the occupied terri-
tory." G. O. 62 (May 10, 1919).
[373]
A
JAMES M. SYMINGTON, First Lieutenant,
Intelligence Officer of the 1st Battalion, 23rd Infantry,
2nd Division.
"Showed unhesitating bravery and devotion during
the attack on the enemy June 6, 1918, near Chateau-
Thierry, when, the officers of two platoons having
been killed and the men, not knowing their objective,
having been thrown into great confusion and suffering
heavy losses, he voluntarily and outside of his regular
duty rushed in front of the firing line and assisted
in reorganizing the men and leading them toward the
proper objective; this in the face of artillery and
machine-gun barrage.
"The objective was taken, a small reverse changed
into a success and the men saved from useless de-
struction."
BURTON M. BAKER, Private,
Machine Gun Company, 168th Infantry.
Baker began his fighting career on the Lorraine
front, near Badonviller, on the 5th of March, 1918.
His battalion was in the trenches for the first time.
The enemy attacked in great strength, after heavy
artillery preparation. Most of his comrades in his
unit were killed or wounded and the oncoming Boches
far outnumbered the small group of Americans. Just
then Private Baker, by his disregard of personal
danger, showed a dashing example to his remaining
fellows and the Boche attack was utterly repulsed.
[377]
I
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MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM WEIGEL
Arrived in France, May 12, 1918, with rank of Briga-
dier General.
Promoted to Major General, August 8, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 56th Brigade, 28th Division ;
Commanded 88th Division, November 5.
Born: New Jersey, August 25, 1863.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of a brigade
of the Twenty-eighth Division in the fighting
on the Vesle of August, 1918, he inspired con-
fidence by his constant activities and his ag-
gressive pressing of the enemy at every oppor-
tunity, which resulted in driving the hostile
forces across the Vesle northward toward the
Aisne." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[383]
V
BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE V. H. MOSELEY
Arrived in France, September, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918;
Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., 4th Section (Co-
ordination).
Born: Illinois, September 28, 1874.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and conspicu-
ous services as assistant chief of staff. He
handled with great executive ability and rare
understanding all problems of equipping and
supplying the large numbers of American
troops arrived and operating in France, and
by his large grasp of supply problems and
tireless energy he has conspicuously aided the
successful administration of the supply depart-
ment." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[ 385 ]
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MAJOR GENERAL CHARLES G. MORTON
Arrived in France, June 27, 1918.
Commanded 29th Division, July 6, 1918.
Born: Maine, January 15, 1861.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He commanded the Twenty-
ninth Division from the date of its organiza-
tion until the end of hostilities; and led this
division with skill and ability in the successful
operations east and northeast of Verdun
which forced the enemy to maintain this front
with strong forces, thus preventing an increase
of hostile strength between the Argonne and
the Meuse." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[389]
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BRIG. GENERAL MERRIWEATHER L. WALKER
Arrived in France, December 10, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918.
Director of Motor Transport Corps ("Gas
Hounds").
Born: Virginia, September 30, 1869.
Distinguished Service Medal.
[393 ]
DEWEY HALPHEN, Private,
Company I, 28th Infantry,
1st Division.
This boy received the D. S. C. and the Croix de
Guerre for conspicuous gallantry in action during
the capture and defense of Cantigny, May 27-31,
1918. One of his acts of heroism was a knife duel
with one of the enemy who had attacked him. Hal-
phen succeeded in killing his attacker. An on-looker
said that the participants in the duel looked like
David and Goliath.
His citation as given in General Orders 99 further
states that Halphen acted as liaison agent during the
fight at Cantigny with courageous disregard of his
own safety. In this citation he is listed as a private
of Company M, 37th Infantry.
CARL C. MAYHEW, First Lieutenant,
101st Infantry,
26th Division.
"For skill and courage displayed while making a dar-
ing patrol in the enemy's front line trenches on the
night of May 8, 1918, resulting in the death of two
German officers, and the gathering of valuable in-
formation."
Lieutenant Mayhew participated in forty-four raids
and received three citations.
Croix de Guerre.
[397]
MAJOR GENERAL JAMES W. McANDREW
Arrived in France, June 28, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promotions :
Brigadier General, August 5, 1917 ;
Major General, April 12, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded Army Schools at Langres ;
Chief of Staff, A. E. F., May 3, 1918.
Born : Pennsylvania, June 29, 1862.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as chief of staff of the Ameri-
can Expeditionary Forces. The development
of the Army schools in France is largely due
to his marked ability as an organizer and to
his brilliant professional attainments. As
chief of staff of the American Expeditionary
Forces during the period of active operations,
he has met every demand of his important
position; by his advice and decisions he has
materially contributed to the success of these
forces; and he has at all times enjoyed in full
the confidence of the commander-in-chief."
G. O. 136 (December 20, 1918).
[401]
'
BRIGADIER GENERAL LE ROY ELTINGE
Arrived in France, July 27, 1917, with rank of Lieu-
tenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Colonel, August 5, 1917;
Brigadier General, August 1, 1918.
Deputy Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., May 6, 1918.
Born: New York, September 17, 1872.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. By his untiring efforts, his
great ability, and his devotion to duty he has
rendered most conspicuous services to the
Government as deputy chief of staff of the
American Expeditionary Forces." G. O. 12
(January 17, 1919).
[405 ]
GEORGE W. PURYEAR, First Lieutenant.
Air Service, Pilot.
Lieutenant Puryear was the first American officer
to escape from a German prison. He was captured
July 26, 1918, north of Chateau-Thierry, and con-
fined in four different prison camps in Germany.
He escaped the first time from Friedrichferter Prison
Camp, Rastatt, August 5th, and was recaptured
August 8th, before getting out of Germany. He es-
caped again October 6th, this time from Villingen,
and reached Switzerland October llth, after swim-
ming the Rhine a little below the junction of the
Aar. While making his escape he was shot at six
times, at distances varying in range from ten to fifty
yards, and escaped being hit because he ran at the
guard who was shooting at him, instead of away from
the guard, thus, as he had hoped, confusing the enemy.
[409]
MAJOR GENERAL FRANK L. WINN
Arrived in France, June 13, 1918, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, October 1, 1918.
Commanded 89th Division, July 13, 1918.
Born: Kentucky, August 4, 1864.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of the 177th
Infantry Brigade and later of the 89th Divi-
sion, he displayed military attainments of a
high order and achieved signal successes. In
the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives
he accompanied the assaulting battalions and
placed them on their objectives, inspiring all
by his personal courage and gaining their con-
fidence by his exceptional tactical skill and
ability as a leader. At all times he was tireless
in energy, showing keen judgment and initia-
tive in handling difficult situations." G. O. 62
(May 10, 1919).
[ 413 ]
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CARL W. DASCH, Private,
Headquarters Company, 167th Infantry,
42nd Division.
Captain Robert Joerg, Jr., commanding the com-
pany of which Dasch was a private, spoke of the
boy's distinguished bravery and exceptional devotion
to duty in action near Croix Rouge Farm, July 26
to August 1, 1918, in these words:
"Private Carl W. Dasch, during this entire period
(six days and nights), while attached to the Third
Battalion, carried messages between the firing line
and Battalion Headquarters, through heavy enemy
shell fire. Upon returning from the firing line he
would pick up a severely wounded man and carry
him through and out of the barrage to a first aid sta-
tion. Finally, he was so badly gassed that he could
not see, but had to be given a direct order to report
to the first aid station. During the whole series of
engagements, Private Dasch did not sleep and taxed
his physical endurance to the utmost, at all times
setting to his comrades an example of utter disregard
of danger and exceptional devotion to duty."
Distinguished Service Cross.
[417]
MAJOR GENERAL SAMUEL D. STURGIS
Arrived in France, September 10, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 87th Division;
Commanded 80th Division, November 19, 1918.
Born: Missouri, August 1, 1861.
[421]
v t9.irif\6
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WILLIAM HERREN, First Sergeant,
Machine Gun Company, 58th Infantry.
"For extraordinary heroism in action near Ville-
Savoye, August 7/1918."
This soldier showed great bravery and devotion to
duty throughout this action. On the morning of
August 7, 1918, Herren supplied the Company with
spare machine-guns and ammunition through a
deadly artillery barrage after several carrying details
had failed to get through. The company had lost
four machine-guns and was practically without am-
munition at this time. After distributing machine-
guns and ammunition to the different platoons under
terrific machine-gun fire, he showed extraordinary
heroism by pushing forward on the right flank with
a captured light German Maxim machine-gun and
repulsing a counter-attack. At this time the bat-
talion on the right flank had fallen back, leaving that
flank unprotected. Sergeant Herren showed com-
plete disregard for personal safety and displayed
great resourcefulness throughout the entire action.
Sergeant Herren's gas mask is exhibited in the paint-
ing, because he wished to be "taken" with his "best
friend."
Distinguished Service Cross.
[425]
m
BRIGADIER GENERAL AVERY D. ANDREWS
Arrived in France, December 1, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, October 13, 1918.
Assistant Chief of Staff, Chief of First Section (Ad-
ministration), G. H. Q.
Born: New York, April 4, 1864.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as assistant chief of staff,
American Expeditionary Forces. He has
rendered most efficient service in connection
with the organization and administration of
the transportation department of the Ameri-
can Army in France and as deputy chief of
utilities in the services of supply. Later, with
marked ability, he headed the important ad-
ministrative section of the general staff of the
American Expeditionary Forces." G. O. 12
(January 17, 1919).
[429]
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM LASSITER
At commencement of war was on duty as Military
Attache in London.
Promotions :
Brigadier General, August 5, 1917 ;
Major General, August 8, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded 51st Field Artillery Brigade, 26th Divi-
sion, November, 1917;
Chief of Artillery, 1st Army Corps, May, 1918;
Chief of Artillery, 4th Army Corps, August, 1918 ;
Chief of Artillery, 2nd Army, October, 1918 ;
Later commanded 32nd Division in Army of Occu-
pation.
Born: Virginia, September 29, 1867.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As commander of the Fifty-
first Field Brigade, as chief of Artillery of the
First and Fourth Army Corps in turn, and as
chief of Artillery, Second Army, he showed
himself to be a leader of conspicuous ability.
His energy and sound judgment influenced
greatly the successful operations of his com-
mands on the Vesle, at the St. Mihiel salient,
and in the Toul sector. He later commanded
with skill and a marked success the Thirty-
second Infantry Division." G. O. 12 (Janu-
ary 17, 1919).
f 433 ]
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WILLIAM A. SNOW, Major,
Corps of Engineers.
2nd Division.
Arrived in France September, 1917, as Captain, Co.
E, 2nd Engineers, 2nd Division.
He was cited four times in Division orders and twice
recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross.
He went into the line first at Verdun, March, 1918.
When the British were attacked by the Bodies in the
vicinity of Beauvais, in April, he was with them. He
received his majority in time to be in command of
a battalion at Chateau-Thierry. His battalion acted
as Infantry and as Engineers. During this period
he was wounded twice — once on June 12th, in the
famous attack on the Bois de Belleau, and once on
July 5th while working on wire entanglements. He
was again in the fighting in the line south of Soissons
in the Allied Counter Offensive beginning July 18th.
His regiment had the Croix de Guerre pinned on its
colors for its work in this fight. At Pont-a-Mousson
he was again engaged on trench and wire entangle-
ments and later participated in the St. Mihiel Drive.
His battalion for its work at Chateau-Thierry was
cited by General Harbord and by General Bundy.
JOHN W. STEWART, Lieutenant Colonel,
Corps of Engineers,
3rd Division.
Arrived in France as Major of the 6th Engineers,
3rd Division, December, 1917.
After participating in several operations on the Brit-
ish front, he with his regiment joined the Third Divi-
[437]
sion under General Dickman, participating in the
counter-offensive against the Germans July 15, 1918.
He carried out special operations, building bridges
for the Infantry out of captured German pontoons
and trestle bridges for heavy artillery, which made
possible the crossing of the Marne. After the Vesle,
he participated in the reduction of St. Mihiel; later,
in the American advance between the Argonne and
the Meuse, he was second in command of his regiment,
carrying out its special operations in the building
of bridges on the Marne at Mezy and Joulgonne.
Practically all of his work was done under heavy
fire and he was many times mentioned in orders for
his intrepidity and extraordinary efficiency in action.
RICHARD T. SMITH, Major,
117th Field Battalion, Signal Corps,
"Before daylight on the morning of March 17, 1918,
sixty-nine men of the 117th Field Battalion Signal
Corps, in charge of Captain Richard T. Smith, were
constructing communication lines in the vicinity of
Fort de Manonvilles, France. Between five and six
o'clock a violent bombardment of this section was
started by the enemy. Private Wilbur Wilkerson,
Company A, was mortally wounded, Private William
Walter, Company B, was wounded in the back, and
several were knocked to the ground by shells explod-
ing near them.
"Captain Smith conducted the men to a place of
safety and while under fire returned and carried Pri-
vate Wilkerson to a dugout. The clothing of Cap-
tain Smith was wet with blood of the wounded man,
and he fell exhausted when he reached the dugout."
Distinguished Service Cross.
[439]
HENRY E. BUNCH, Major,
Medical Corps, 168th Infantry,
"For extraordinary heroism in action near the Bois
de Chatillon, October 13-16, 1918.
"During the advance of his regiment in the Verdun
sector Captain Bunch established aid stations at
points as far advanced as possible and supervised
them throughout the combat, working continuously,
tirelessly and fearlessly without food or rest. On
October 14th this officer went out in advance of the
front line to reconnoiter a site for an aid station and
an ambulance route. Seeing a wounded officer lying
about 300 meters from the enemy's line, he went to
his rescue and carried him through terrific machine-
gun and rifle fire to a shell hole, where he administered
first aid, in entire disregard of his own safety."
Distinguished Service Cross.
GEORGE L. WATSON, Lieutenant Colonel,
General Staff Headquarters,
3rd Army.
Watson, as Captain commanding Company B, 30th
Engineers (Offensive Gas) was attached to the 1st
British Army. Later he was in command of the
1st Battalion, 30th Engineers, attached to the 8th
French Army. As Major commanding the 1st Bat-
talion, he was attached to the First Army Corps and
the 4th Army Corps, A. E. F. After the signing
of the Armistice he was detailed to the General Staff
and promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, on
the General Staff of the 3rd Army.
He was wounded three times and mentioned in Or-
[ 443 1
ders five times. He was awarded many decorations,
French, English, Belgian, Portuguese and American.
The Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre with
Palm were awarded him "For his success in carrying
out the first American Gas Projector Attack against
the Germans and standing for two hours in gas which
the Germans had thrown."
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM R. SMITH
Arrived in France, July 31, 1918.
Commanded 36th Division, August 3, 1918.
Born: Tennesse, April 2, 1868.
The 36th Division fought with the Fourth French
Army.
"The 36th Division, U. S. A., recently organized,
and still not fully equipped, received, during the
night of the 6th of October, the order to relieve,
under conditions particularly delicate, the 2nd Divi-
sion, to drive out the enemy from the heights to the
north of St. Atienne-a-Arnes, and to push him back
to the Aisne. Although being under fire for the first
time, the young soldiers of General Smith, rivalling
in push and tenacity the older valiant regiments of
General Lejeune, accomplished their mission fully.
All can be proud of the work done. To all, the Gen-
eral commanding the Army Corps is happy to ex-
press his cordial appreciation, gratitude, and best
wishes for future success. The past is assurance of
the future.— General Naulin." G. O. of the 21st
French Army Corps.
[ 447 ]
BRIGADIER GENERAL HARRY A. SMITH
Arrived in France, November 25, 1917, with rank of
Colonel.
Promoted to Brigadier General, June 26, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded Army Schools at Langres, May 1, 1918 ;
In charge of Civil Affairs in German occupied terri-
tory, December 1.
Born: Kansas, June 18, 1866.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He rendered most conspicu-
ous service as commandant of the Army
schools at Langres, France, the success of
which was, in a large measure, due to his vision,
zeal, and administrative ability. He later
showed marked executive ability as officer in
charge of the administration of civil affairs
in the German territory occupied by the Amer-
ican Army." G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[451]
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MAJOR GENERAL ERNEST HINDS
Arrived in France, October 5, 1917, with rank of
Brigadier General.
Promoted to Major General, April 12, 1918.
Assignments :
Commanded Field Artillery Schools at Saumur;
Commanded First Corps Artillery at Souge;
Commanded First Army Artillery, February 26,
1918;
Chief of Artillery, A. E. F.
Born: Alabama, August 18, 1864.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services as chief of Artillery, First
Army Corps; commanding general, Army Ar-
tillery, of the First American Army, and as
chief of Artillery, American Expeditionary
Forces. He perfected and successfully di-
rected the organization and training of the
Artillery of the American Army in France."
G. O. 12 (January 17, 1919).
[455]
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BRIGADIER GENERAL HAROLD B. FISKE
Arrived in France, August 28, 1917, with rank of
Lieutenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Colonel, January 22, 1918;
Brigadier General, June 26, 1918;
Assistant Chief of Staff, G. H. Q., Chief of Fifth
Division (Training).
Born: Oregon, November 6, 1871.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. In charge of the training
section of the General Staff, this brilliant offi-
cer perfected and administered the efficient
scheme of instruction through which the Amer-
ican Army in France was thoroughly trained
for combat in the shortest possible time. By
his great depth of vision, his foresight, and
his clear conception of modern tactical train-
ing he has enabled our forces to enter each
engagement with that preparedness and effi-
ciency that have distinguished the American
Army in each battle." G. O. 12 (January
17, 1919).
[459]
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WHITNEY D. SHERMAN, Corporal,
18th Company, 5th Regiment, Marines,
2nd Division.
His Captain, John R. Foster, said "Sherman was
wounded in action at Belleau Woods, June 10, 1918.
This man is a typical marine and showed himself to
be a brave and valiant soldier at the Battle of Belleau
Woods, now known as the Bois de la Brigade de
Marines. It was such brave and gallant men as
Corporal Sherman proved himself to be who won the
great battle."
[463]
BRIGADIER GENERAL MALIN CRAIG
Arrived in France, October 5, 1917, with rank of
Lieutenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Colonel, February 6, 1918;
Brigadier General, June 26, 1918.
Assignments :
Chief of Staff, 5th Division, October 17, 1918;
Chief of Staff, 1st Army Corps;
Chief of Staff, 3rd Army, November, 1918.
Born: Missouri, August 5, 1875.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He served in turn as chief
of staff of a division, a corps, and an army,
in each of which capacities he exhibited great
ability. His personal influence, aggressive-
ness, and untiring efforts were repeatedly dis-
played in the operations of the First Corps in
the vicinity of Chateau-Thierry, on the Ourcq,
and the Vesle during the St. Mihiel and Ar-
gonne-Meuse offensives." G. O. 12 (January
17, 1919).
[467]
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BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE S. GIBBS
Arrived in France, October 13, 1917.
Assistant Chief Signal Officer.
Born: Iowa, December 14, 1875.
Distinguished Service Medal.
'Tor exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As assistant to the chief sig-
nal officer, American Expeditionary Forces,
much of the efficiency of the Signal Service
in the zone of advance was due to his splendid
ability and to his skill in the handling of the
tactical and technical operations of the Signal
Corps organizations attached to the service at
the front." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919).
BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWARD L. KING
Arrived in France, October 5, 1917, with rank of
Lieutenant Colonel.
Promotions :
Colonel, November 5, 1917 ;
Brigadier General, June 2, 1918.
Assignments :
Chief of Staff, 28th Division, August 25, 1917;
Commanded 65th Brigade, 33rd Division, August 1,
1918.
Born: Massachusetts, December 5, 1873.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. He served, with marked dis-
tinction, as chief of staff of the 28th Division.
Later, as brigadier commander, he planned
and directed the operations resulting in the
capture by the 65th Infantry Brigade of Cha-
teau d'Aulnois and Marcheville, where he dis-
played great tactical skill and demonstrated
his abilities as a commander." G. O. 59 (May
3, 1919).
[471]
COLONEL ARTHUR L. CONGER
Arrived in France, May, 1917, with rank of Major.
Promotions :
Lieutenant Colonel, August 5, 1917 ;
Colonel, July 30, 1918.
Assignments :
Second Section, General Staff, G. H. Q. ;
Commanded 56th Brigade.
Born: Ohio, January 30, 1872.
Distinguished Service Medal.
"For exceptionally meritorious and distin-
guished services. As a member of the Second
Section, General Staff, General Headquar-
ters, by his marked professional attainments,
his zeal, and his sound judgment he contrib-
uted largely to the successful operation of this
section. As chief of the Second Section, Gen-
eneral Staff, of the 2d Division, during active
operations, and later as commander of the 56th
Brigade of the 29th Division during the Ar-
gonne-Meuse offensive, he demonstrated his
great energy and his clear conception of tac-
tics." G. O. 59 (May 3, 1919).
SENIOR OFFICERS' MESS
Army of Occupation :
Colonel Alvan C. Read, Inspector General.
Lieutenant Colonel Robert G. Peck, Assistant In-
spector General.
Major Charles H. Rice, Assistant Inspector General.
Colonel Irvin L. Hunt, in Charge of Civil Affairs.
Lieutenant Colonel Kyle Rucker, Judge Advocate.
Lieutenant Colonel Nat. B. Barnwell, Assistant Judge
Advocate.
Major Roscoe D. Brown, Personnel Officer.
[475]
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