v ' [ l' :
Mary 3. L. Me Donald
SOLDIERS'
FRENCH COURSE
By
JUSTICE B. DETWILER
Justice B. Detwiler, Editor
THIS BOOK CONTAINS
1. A Complete Thirty Lesson Foundation French Course.
2. Calendar.
3. Everyday French Conversation with Pronunciations.
4. French moneys, measures and weights, with their United
States equivalents.
5. Military Commands and Phrases by the hundred with
their French translation and French Pronunciation.
6. Soldier's Identification Card.
7. Vocabulary of French Words with their Correct Pro-
nunciation.
8. Several hundred necessary French verbs.
9. Red Cross and Hospital Phrases.
10. Trench Slang. Hundreds of Phrases.
11. Everything in English with French Equivalent and
French Pronunciation.
NOTE: Every Soldier should master the thirty lesson
French Course contained in this book and when he does
so he will have a thorough foundation knowledge of the
French language. I conscientiously believe that there is
not another French Guide on the market at any price
which so thoroughly meets the requirements of United States
Soldiers going to France as this volume.
JUSTICE B. DETWILER.
NET PRICE $1.50
Copyright, 1917, ~by Justice B. Detwiler
New York City
Printed ~by FOREIGN TRADE PRESS. NEW YORK All Languages
INDEX
APPENDIX OF VERBS
Regular of First Conj ugation 157
Regular of Second Conjugation 172
Regular of Third Conjugation 176
Regular of Fourth Conjugation 177
Irregular Verbs 180
Calendar D.
Complete Thirty Lesson French Course 11 to 102
Inclusive
Page
Future Tense of All Regular Verbs .' 89
General Conversation HO to 143
Inclusive
Imperative Mood 88
Mileage, Measures, Money and Weights, of Page
United States with their French Equivalent 156
MILITARY COMMANDS (Calls)
Infantry 144
Artillery . 145
Cavalry 145
Rounds 146
Before Action 146
In Action 147
After Action 150
Examining a Prisoner or Wounded Enemy 152
Summons to Surrender 151
MILITARY CONVERSATION
On The March 113
Billeting . .. 116
Convoy 119
On the Train 123
In Camp 125
Transport 126
In Action 128
Buying 130
In The Trenches 133
Aviation Department 136
Red Cross and Hospital Work 138
Money 140
Military Vocabulary 103 to 112
Inclusive
Past Definite Tense of Regular Verbs of
First Conjugation 93
Past Definite Tense of Regular Verbs of
Second and Fourth Conjugation 95
Past Definite Tense of Regular Verbs of
Third Conjugation P 7
Past Indefinite ' 55
Past Participle 55
Present Indicative of Regular Verbs of
First Conjugation 73
Present Indicative of Regular Verbs of
Second Conjugation 77
Present Indicative of Regular Verbs of
Third Conjugation 8l
Present Indicative of Regular Verbs of
Fourth Conjugation 85
Reflexive Verbs and Their Use 186-189
Soldier's Identification Card l^ 7
Trench Slang of French Aj^nv.... .^. 190
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unnecessary syntax and grammar and you are
taught French just as your mother taught you
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after taking this thirty lesson course you should
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specially cooled Gordon-Detwiler Auditorium,
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V i: '
FRENCH PRONUNCIATION
FOR THE MAN WHO RUNS
(The French alphabet has 26 letters, including _ the letter w
which is used in words of foreign origin.)
Characters. Phonetic Pronunciation.
A ... like a in barge.
B ... as in boy.
C . . . like k before a, o, u, or a Consonant; like s
before e and i.
D ... as in dawn.
E . . . as in bed; e, e, as a in fate. De, le, and me as
de in de (r).
F ... as in English.
G . . like the French / before e and i, but hard before
a, o and u.
H is nearly always mute.
I . . . like e in the word me.
J . . . like j in the words vision, leisure.
K ... as in kite.
L . . . ' loom.
M . . . ' man.
N . . . ' nun.
O ... as in English.
P ... as in post, but sometimes mute at the end of
words and syllables.
Q ... is used as k.
R . . like r in room.
S ... as in English.
T . . . as t in told.
no similar sound in English; it is like the u in
U . . . the Scotch word gude. It may be produced by
holding the lips in a circular shape as for
whistling, and sounding eu as one sound.
V ... as in English.
X . . ?s x in sex.
Y . . . like e in we.
Z ... as in English.
VOWELS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS.
Ai, ei, like a in may.
Au, eau, are pronounced like o.
is pronounced like e in the word step.
, e, ai, ei, are pronounced like a in the word mate.
E, u, oeu, are pronounced like ou in the word touch.
I, y, are like e and ee in the word me and tree, respectively.
Ou is pronounced like oo in the word book.
The nasal sounds: an, en,' din, ein, in, aun, on, un, are difficult
to pro.iour.ce rp V nearest phonetic signs are:
art, en f , aurg" aun, on, ong
j:n. cln, W. ling. un* - ung.
FRENCH PRONUNCIATION
IN DETAIL
FOR THE SERIOUS STUDENT
THE FRENCH ALPHABET.
According to the FRENCH ACADEMY, the alphabet com-
prises twenty-six letters, including the letter w, which is used
in words of foreign origin. The letters of the French Alphabet
are given herewith, together with their approximate English
pronunciation:
THE ALPHABET.
1. The French language has twenty-five letters:
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I,
ah, bay, say. day, eh, eff, jay*, ash, ee,
J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R,
jee*, kah, ell, ^mm, enn, o, pay, ku, err,
S, T, U, V, (W), X, Y, Z.
ess, tay, u, Y av double yay, eeks, egrec, zed.
2. The alphabet is divided into six vowels:
A, E, I, O, U, Y,
and nineteen consonants:
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P,
Q, R, S, T, V, (W), X, Z.
3. The new names given to the French consonants are
taken from their sounds in words. They may generally be
found by pronouncing a word, in English, ending with the
required consonant and a silent e.
The new name of B, therefore, is pronounced like be in the
word globe; that of D like de in glade; F like fe in chafe; G
like gue in league, &c. H is pronounced nearly like hu in the
word hurry.
EXERCISE.
For exercise nothing is better than to repeat the common
or old names of the letters, the vowels; the consonants; and
the new names of the consonants, although the new names of
the consonants are seldom used.
*J like s in pleasure.
H
PRONUNCIATION. THE CONSONANTS. THE
SIMPLE VOWELS.
4. H is silent or mute in most words. It is aspirate or
pronounced slightly in others.
5. J is always pronounced like j in pleasure, or z in azure.
6. R is pronounced more distinctly than in English. It has
in French something of the trill or roll given to that letter
by the Irish.
7. S at the beginning of a word, and when not between
two vowels, is pronounced as in the English word sun. Between
two vowels it is pronounced like ^ in rose.
'8. V is softer in French than in English.
9. X at the beginning of words is pronounced like gz. In
the middle of words, generally like ks.
10. Ch is pronounced generally as sh in English.
Gn like ni in the English word minion.
Gu is pronounced generally as g in get.
Ph like /, as in English.
?u is generally pronounced like k in king.
h is pronounced like t.
11. A in French, sounds as a in the English words mat, rat.
E at the end of words of one syllable, as u in the English
word cur.
I nearly like ee in the English words reed, creed.
O between o in nor, and o in no.
U has no exact representative in English. To pronounce
it, the lips should be compressed a little more closely than in
whistling.
EXERCISE.
Ba
be
bi
bo
bu
Ca
ce
ci
co
CU
Cha
che
chi
cho
chu
Da
de
di
do
du
Fa
fe
fi
fo
fu
Ga
ge
go
gu
Gna
Gua
gne
gue
gni
gui
gno
fuo
gnu
Ha
he
hi
h^~
fe
Li
1
ko
. ku
La
le
u
16
lu
Ma
me
mi
mo
mu
Na
ne
ni
no
nu
*Not liquid. See page 2. Rule 1.
fNot before ion, ial, id. See page 2. Rule 4.
Pa
pe
Pi
po
pu
Pha
phe
phi
pho
phu
ia 3
que
re
qui
ri
quo
ro
quu*
ru
Sa
se
si
so
su
Ta
te
ti
to
tu
Tha
the
thi
tho
thu
Va
ve
vi
vo
vu
Za
ze
zi
zo
zu
THE ACCENTS. THE APOSTROPHE. THE
DIAERESIS.
1. There are three accents in the French language:
1. The acute ( ' ), from right to left, and used only over
e; thus, e.
2. The grave ( "* ), from left to right, used over a, e, u;
thus, a, e, u.
3. The circumflex ( "), the other two united, used over
a, e, i, o, M; a, e, i, 6, u.
2. The grave accent on a (a) and u (ou) does not change
the pronunciation of those vowels.
3. a is pronounced as a, in the English words far, rather.
e " 'a " mate, table.
e " { e met, bet.
e " 'a dare, fare.
i ' ee eel, feel.
6 " o no.
u is longer than the unaccented u.
y at the end of a syllable is pronounced like the French i.
4. E without an accent, at the end of a word of more than
one syllable, is silent.
5. The apostrophe ( ' ) shows the elision or leaving out of e
in words of one syllable;! of a in la before a vowel or silent h;
and of i in si before il and Us.
6. The diaeresis (") is put^ over a vowel to separate it
in pronunciation from a preceding vowel.
EXERCISE.
ba be be be bi ' bo bu
ca
ce
ce
ce
ci
co
cu
cha
che
che
che
chi
cho
chu
da
de
de
de
di
do
du
fa
fe
fe
fe
fi
fo
fu
ga
ge
ge
ge
gi A
g6 A
gu
gna
ha
gne
he
gne
he
P'
gni
hi
gno
ho
gnu
Ku
ja
i e
j Q
je
ji
jo
J u
la
le
le
le.
li
16
lu
ma
me
me
me
mi
mo
mu
na
ne
ne
ne
ni
no
nu
*Pronounced like ku in French in the words piqure or piqure,
sting: quelqu'un, some one, &c.
fAlso in parce que, qupique, puisque, j usque que is not
elided before oui, Ex., je dis que oui, I say it is so; le, la are
not elided before onze, onzieme.
J
pa
pha
Pf ,
phe
pe
phe
P.
phe
phi
po
pho
pu
phu
qua.
que
que
que
qui
quo
qu
ra
re
re
re
ri
ro
ru
sa
se
se
se
si
so
su
ta
te
te
te
ti
to
tu
tha
the
the
the
thi
tho
thu
va
ve
ve
ve
vi
vo
vu
xa
xe
xe
xe
xi
xo
xu
za
ze
ze
ze
zi
zo
zu
DIPHTHONGS AND COMBINED VOWELS.
Pronounce:
'- ai.)
eai f
ei Vlike the letter a in the English words fate, table.
ay (
ey )
ai_ \ followed by s, d, t, x, like ai in the English word
eai / pair.
eau / nearly like o in the English words oh, home.
^ u > nearly like u in the English word muff.
4. oi, nearly like wa in was.
5. pu, like oo in the English word cool.
6. ia, nearly like ia in the English word medial.
7. ie like ee in the English word bee.
8. ua \ the u is pronounced lightly, though distinctly, the a
uo / or o more strongly.
uv f have no equivalent in English.
10. In ay, ey, oy, uy, followed by a vowel, 3; is pronounced
like two t's: moyen, citoyen, are pronounced moi-ien, citoi-ien;
pays, paysage, paysan, etc., are pronounced pai-is, pai-isage,
pai-isan.
11. , Gua, gue, gui, guo, are pronounced like gah, ga, gee,
go; gue is pronounced like gue in tongue. The u after g is not
sounded before the other vowels.
EXERCISE.
bai
bais
bau
beau
boeu
beu
c.ai
cais
cau
ceau
cceu
ceu
dai
dais
dau
deau
doeu
deu
fei
fais
fau
fai
foeu
feu
geai
geais
geau
gai
goeu
geu
guai
guais
gau
gei
gueu
gay
gnai
gnais
gnau
gneau
gnoeu
gneu
jai
jais
jau
jeau
joeu
jeu
*Eu in the verb avoir like the French u in vu.
K
lai
lais
lau
leau
loeu
leu
mai
mais
mau
meau
moeu
meu
nai
nais
nau
neau
noeu
neu
bue
bia
bie
bua
bui
buo
gue
due
cia
dia
cie
die
cua
dua
cui
dui
cuo
duo
fue
fia
fie
fua
fui
fuo
gue
gia
gie
gua
gui
go -
gue
gue
gue
gua
gui
geo
gnue
gnia
gnie
Jne
gni
gno
jue
j. ia
P 8
ua
\ ul .
juo
lue
ha
he
ua
lui
luo
mue
mia
mie
mua
mui
muo
nue
nia
nie
nua
nui
nuo
EXERCISE.
pai.
phai
pais
phais
pau
phau
peau
pheau
poeu
phoeu
peu
pheu
quai
quais
quau
queau
quoeu
queu
rai
rais
rau
reau
roeu
reu
sai
sais
sau
seau
soeu
seu
tai
tais
tau
teau
toeu
teu
thai
thais
thau
theau
thoeu
theu
vai
vais
vau
veau
voeu
veu
ks
ks
g*
ks
g*
g*
xai
xais
xau
xeau
xoeu
xeu
zai
zais
zau
zeau
zoeu
zeu
pue
phue
pia
phia
pie
phie
pua
phua
pui
phui
puo
phuo
que
quia
quie
qua
qui
quo
rue
ria
rie
rua
rui
ruo
sue
sia
sie
sua
sui
suo
tue
tia
tie
tua
tui
tuo
thue
thia
thie
thua
thui
thuo
vue
via
vie
vua
vui
vuo
**
if
ks
g*
gz
gz
xue
xia
xie
xua
xi^
xo
zue
zia
zie
zua
zui
zuo
THE NASAL SOUNDS.
1. The nasal sounds are:
am 1
can \pronounced nearly like an in want and pant.
em I
en
en, after i, at the end of a word, is pronounced nearly
like an in sank, crank.
2. aim
ain
ein
^> nearly like an in sank, crank.
\
ym /
3. eon "\
om \ nearly like on in song, wrong.
on
4. um I pronounced nearly like un in hunting, wrung.
5 There is no nasal sound, and the vowel is shorter than in the
nasal syllable when the m or n of the above combinations is
doubled.
6. When those combinations are followed by a vowel or a
silent h, the m or n is carried to the next syllable, and the
preceding vowel has its proper sound.
EXERCISE.
blan
blen
bien*
bain
bin
bein
ben
brun
cran
c.an
cien*
cain
cin
cein
. cen
clun
dan
don
dien*
daim
din
dein
den
dun
fran
fron
flan
faim
fin
frein
fen
fum
gean
gan
gron
grain
gin
gein
gen
gun
guan
gnan
gnon
gnain
gnin
gnein
gnen
gnun
jean
Ian
jain
len
jon
Ion
jain
lain
}- m
1m
jein
lien*
Jen
lam
jun
lun
man
men
mien*
main
min
mon
mein
mun
nan
nen
nain
naim
nin
non
nym
nun
plan
pren
pain
pen
pin
plon
plom
plun
quan
quen
quain
quien*
quin
qu'on
qu'en
qu'un
ran
ren
rain
rien*
rin
ron
rein
run
san
sen
sain
sien*
sin
sort
sein
sun
tan
tem
tain
tien*
tim
ton
tein
tun
van
ven
vain
vien*
vin
von
vein
vun
zan
zem
zain
zien
ziii
zon
zein
zun
EXERCISE.
ruban
turban
brandon
crainte
plainte
feinte
bonte
oncle
monde
aucun
tribun
lundi
loin
coin
foin
combien*
gardien*
maintien*
ambigu
encore
entree
empire
embleme
empli
benin
malin
imbu
nombre
ombre
pronom
branle
fantome
friand
plaindre
craindre
remain
montre
faucon
fag on
parfum
quelqu'un
importun
poingon
temoin
lointain
italien*
ancien*
comedien*
*See en, last line of No. 1 on page K.
dentlste encre fendre
temple tempete emploi
impur timbre enclin
coton bonbo/t daim
THE LIQUID L. THE SOFT TI.
1. Please note that L or // preceded by i (il, ill), not in
the beginning, but in the middle or at the end of words,* has
the liquid sound found in the English words, William, brilliant.
2. Many educated people in France give to the liquid / the
sound of ye in the English word eye. This pronunciation is
now so common, that it is no longer deemed wrong.
3. Ai, ei, preceding the liquid /, have not their common
sound (a in fate) ; ai has tfhe sound of a in fat, and ei of e in
there. The i seems merely to indicate the liquid sound of the /.
4. T is pronounced like c in cedar, or s in sir, in the com-
binations tial, tiel, tion, in the middle or at the end of words;
as, portion, partial, essentiel. If these syllables are preceded
by s 9r x, the t is hard. In patient, patience, Gratien, initier,
gyptien, &c., it is also pronounced like s in sir. The French
words in which the above combinations occur are very much
like the English words which have the same meaning, and in
which ft has the sound of sh.
French Words. English Words.
Nation Nation
Notion Notion
Ration Ration
Patience Patience
Confidentiel Confidential
5. In words ending with tie (in English cy), t is also pro-
nounced like c in cedar: aristocratic, aristocracy; democratic,
democracy.
EXERCISE.
bataille
ecureuil
mantille
patrouille
bataillon
sommeil
tailleur
bouillon
travail
bouteille
portail
feuille
eventail
oseille
serail
cueillirf
detail
cerfeuil
abeille
feu ill age
vieillard
ail
corbeille
medaille
fauteuil
postilion
oreille
medaillon
linceul
cotillon
merveille
echantillon
cercueil
seuil
papillon
Bastille
meilleur
conseil
portail
orgueil**
deuil
famille
mouille
ecueilf
muraille
fille
citrouille
bail
ceil**
grille
grenotiille
paille
jonquille
million
*L is not liquid in fil, Bresil, Nil, mil. mille, ville, profit,
tranquille, &c. It is silent in baril, chenil, coutil. His, fusil, gril,
outil, persil, pouls, soul, sourcil.
**OE in oeil, and ue in orgueil, are pronounced nearly like t*
in bud.
^Cue in this verb and its derivatives, as also in cercueil, is
pronounced nearly like cu in curb.
2
EXERCISE.
caution
addition
diplomatic
Gratien
ablution
conviction
emotion
insatiable
tradition
Dalmatic
discretion
minutie
attention
dalmatien
partial
national
consolation
Helvetic
partiel
Titien
condition
helvetien
differential
congestion*
action
aristocratic
Beotie
digestion*
affliction
prophetic
beotien
fraction
munition
venitien
quotient
faction
resolution
gyptien
patience
satiete
question*
initial
Diocletien
rationnel
mixtion*
initiation
Domitien
conventionnel
bastion*
confidentiel
initier
initiation
THE SILENT E. THE FINAL CONSONANTS.
1. It is an invariable rule that the letter E without an accent
is silent at the end of words of more than one syllable. Ex.,
plume, volume, regime.
2. E after ' is generally silent. Ex., baie, paiement.
3. In conversation and familiar reading the e of the second
monosyllable is frequently dropped: je. ne le dis pas, je ne
sais pas, may be pronounced je n le dis pas, je n' sais pas.
4. E is frequently silent at the end of a syllable in the
middle of a word, but in that case its suppression should
occasion no harsh sound; appeler may be pronounced app'ler,
but prenant should by no means be pronounced pr'nant. It is
not possible to give a rule on this point.
5. A consonant at the end of a word is generally silent.
6. The letters c, f, I** r,t are generally pronounced at the
end of words.
7. Do not forget that a final consonant is generally pronounced
with the vowel, or silent h, which begins the next word. This
connection does not take place, however, when there is a pause
between the two words. In conversation and familiar read-
ing, this connection is often dispensed with, as it would appear
too formal.
8 When d, f, g, s, x, are to be joined to the vowel, or silent
h, which commences the next word, d sounds like t, f like v,
g like k s like z x like z.
9. The t of et is never pronounced.
10. The n of mon, ton, son, un, on, en, &c., is pronounced
with the next word, commencing with a vowel, or a silent h,
as if that word began with an , without however changing the
nasal sound of the preceding word: son argent, un honnete
homme, en arrivant, are pronounced, son nargent, un nhonnete
homme, en narrivant
*See the second part of Rule 4 on page 2.
**See 1st Note, page 2.
fft preceded by e is silent except in amer, cher, cuiller, fer,
enfer, hivcr, &c.
EXERCISE.
cerise passable
front huit||
chef mer
pomme possible
poulet neuf||
plaisir oeuf
poire notre*
baril quatre
franc p.arasol
fraise votre
fusil soufre
pouvoir baptemeff
legume centre
filsf blanc
messager baptiseryf
pere theatre
osj tard
admirer compteff
mere montre
banc lard
chercher exemptff
fete poutre
dos fard
banquier argent
figue mauvais
dix|| secondtl
amateur chapelet
table mont
six|| fecondjj
soif voix
nez fond
cinq || port
clef** poix
fable pret
deux|| fort
cerf** fer
etable pont
sept|| bref
boeuf cher
EXERCISE.
mes^amis
leu-rs^efforts
nous^aimons
nos^enfants
leurs^idees
gTand^.hornme
cet^homme
mes^,habits
neuf^hommes
un^Anglais
les^yeux
dix^enfants
ces^Anglais
il est^ici
sept^,hommes
ces^hommes
cet^esprit
huit^hommes
en^argent
tout s .^a vous
deux^amis
les^ongles
ils^ont lu
six^ardoises
vos^abricots
nous^avons
chagrin^amer
ton^ardoise
vous v _ x avez
clef de fer
bon^habit
nous^avions
chef-d' oeuvre
certain^Irlandais
vous^aviez
pain blanc
les^Espagnols
vous^^aimez
mauvais tabac
les^epingles
cinq livres
six livres
THE ARTICLE.
I. The Singular Article has a different form for each
gender:
The Masculine Singular Article is Le (meaning the).
The Feminine Singular Article is La (meaning the*).
* Tre, at the end of words, seems to be almost whispered,
the e not being heard.
t S in fils is pronounced by some, and dropped by others.
J S is silent in this word, except before a vowel.
C is silent in bane, blanc, franc, estomac, tabac, &c.
!l The last consonant is sounded in these words, except when
they come before a consonant. P in sept, septieme, &c., is
silent.
ff C sounds like g in these words.
ft P is silent.
* F is silent in clef, cerf and in the plural words ocufs,
boeufs, also in chef-d' -oeuvre.
2. The Masculine Singular Article precedes a Masculine
Singular Noun, and the Feminine Singular Article precedes
a Feminine Singular Noun, viz :
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
Le lion the lion. La lionne the lioness.
3. Before a masculine or a feminine noun, commencing
with a vowel or a silent h, the article is 1'.
L Anglais, the Englishman. L'Anglaise, the Englishwoman.
4. In tbe Plural, Les (meaning the) is the Article both
for the Masculine and for the Feminine. Therefore, les (the)
is always the plural of le, la or 1', and is placed before mas-
culine or feminine plural nouns.
5. According to the above, when you see a noun pre-
ceded by the article le you will know it to be a masculine
singular noun.
Likewise when you see a noun preceded by the article la
you will know it to be a feminine singular noun.
And when you see a noun preceded by the article les you
will know that to be a plural noun.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
La maison, (fs) the house. Les maisons, (fp) the houses.
Le frere, (ms) the brother. Les freres, (mp) the brothers.
THE GENDER AND NUMBER OF NOUNS.
1. There are two Genders in the French language. These
are the Masculine and the Feminine. There is no Neuter
gender.
2. In French, as in English, the names of males belong to
the masculine gender, and those of females to the feminine
gender.
MASCULINE* SINGULAR. FEMININE SINGULAR.
homme man lionne lioness
lion lion femme woman
3. A great number of French nouns are made feminine
simply by adding the letter e to the masculine form.
lion (masculine) ; lionne (feminine).
4. The general way of making a noun plural in the French
language is by adding the letter s to its singular form.
MASCULINE PLURAL. FEMININE PLURAL.
hommes men femmes women
lions lions lionnes lioness'
5. A singular noun ending in s, x or z, is not changed for
the plural.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
bas stocking bas stockings
voix voice voix voices
6. Nouns ending with au and eu, take x for the plural.
Le. marteau, the hammer. Les marteaux, the hammers.
Le chapeau, the hat. Les chapeaux, the hats.
Le neveu, the nephew. Les neveux, the nephews.
Le feu, the fire. Les feux. the fires.
5
7. Nouns ending in al, generally form their plural in aux.
Le marechal, the blacksmith. Les marechaux,^/!^ blacksmiths.
Le capital, the capital. Les capitaux, the capitals.
8. Bijou, caillou, chou, genou, hibou, joujou, take x for the
plural.
Le bijou, the jewel. Les bijoux, the jewels.
Le joujou, the play tiling. Les joujoux, the playthings.
9. Travail makes travaux, ceil makes deux, and ce.il makes
yeux for the plural.
Le travail, the work. Les travaux, the works.
Le ciel, the heaven. Les cieux, the heavens.
L'oeil, the eye. Les yeux, the eyes.
10. There is in French no neuter or third gender, as the
names of things are either masculine or feminine.
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
Le papier, the paper. La plume, the pen.
L'arbre, the tree. La branche, the branch.
Le livre, the book. L'aiguille, the needle.
GENDER CONTINUED. UN, UNE; A. AN, ONE.
Un before a masculine noun, une before a feminine noun,
answer to the English a, an, one.
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
Un tailleur, a tailor. Une modiste, a milliner.
Un crayon, a pencil. Une ardoise, a slate.
ADJECTIVE MUST AGREE WITH ITS NOUN.
1. The adjective does not change in English, but in
French it takes the gender and number of the noun to which
it belongs.
2. An adjective belonging to a feminine noun, takes the
feminine form by adding e.
Le petit gargon, La petite fille,
The little boy. The little girl.
Le gargon est petit, La fille est petite,
The boy is small. The girl is small.
3. An adjective ending in e without an accent, is not change c
for the feminine;
Le pauvre homme, La pauvre femme,
The poor man. The poor woman.
L'homme est pauvre, La femme est pauvre,
The man is poor. The woman is poor.
4. Adjectives ending in f, change / into v, and add e for the
feminine;
Le gargon est actif, La fille est active,
The boy is active. The girl is acth>p.
5. Those ending in x, change x into s, and add e also.
Cet homme est heureux, Cette femme est he'ureuse,
That man is happy. That woman is happy.
6. Adjectives having the following terminations, double the
last consonant and ndd e for the feminine:
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
EL, lei, Trlle. Such.
EiL, Pareil, Pareille, Like.
EN, Chretien, Chretienne, Christian.
ET, Muet, Muette, Mute.
ON, Bon, Bonne, Good.
6
7. The feminine form of the following adjectives is more
irregular still :
Blanc,
White, makes
in the feminine, Blanche.
Doux,
Sweet, soft,
"
Douce.
Faux,
False,
"
Fausse.
Frais,
Fresh,
"
Fraiche.
Franc,
Frank,
"
Franche.
Gras,
Fat,
"
Grasse.
Gros,
Large, big,
"
Grosse.
Long,
Long,
"
Longue.
Sec,
Dry.
"
Seche.
8. The following adjectives
MASCULINE.
have three terminations:
FEMININE.
Before a
Before a vowel,
consonant
or silent h.
Beau,
Bel,
Belle, Handsome, beautiful,
Fou,
Fol,
Folle, Foolish.
Mou,
Mol,
Molle, Soft.
Nouveau,
Nouvel,
Nouvelle, New.
Vieux,
Vieil,
Vicille, Old.
ADJECTIVE USUALLY FOLLOWS NOUN.
1. The adjective, in French, commonly follows the noun:
Un chapeau noir, A black hat.
Une robe blanche, A white dress.
De 1'eau fraiche, Fresh water.
2. The following adjectives, however, are generally put before
the noun:
Beau, Handsome, fine. Teune, Young.
Bon, Good. Joli, Pretty.
Brave, Worthy. Mauvais, Bad.
Cher, Dear. " Meilleur, Better.
Grand, Large, great. Petit, Small, little.
Gros, Large, big. Vieux, Old.
EXAMPLES.
Une rose blanche A white rose.
De brave homme The worthy man.
Une tulipe rouge A red tulifi.
Une tulipe bleue A blue tulip.
Ce jeune homme That young man.
Le papier jaune The yellow paper.
La grosse peche T^e large peach.
Cette grande maison The large house.
PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES.
1. We have seen, on page 6, that the adjective is put in
the same gender and number as the noun to which it belongs;
an adjective belonging to a plural noun must therefore be put
in the plural.
2. All feminine adjectives add s for the plural.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
La belle dame. Les belles dames.
The handsome lady. The handsome ladies.
La robe noire. Les robes noires.
The black dress. The black dresses.
3. Masculine adjectives ending with s or x, are not changed
for the plural.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
Un mauvais livre. Deux mauvais hvres.
A bad book. 1o bad books.
Un homme heureux. Des hommes heureux.
A happy man. Happy men.
4. Other masculine adjectives (not ending with eau and al)
take 5 for tin; plural.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
Le grand arbre. Les grands arbres.
The large tree. The large trees.
Le jardin est petit. Les jardins sont petits.
The garden is small. The gardens are small.
5. Adjectives ending with eau, add .v for the plural masculine.
SINGULAR. PLURAL.
Le livre nouveau. Les Hvres nouveaux.
The new book. The new books.
Le beau cheval. Les beaux chevaux.
The beautiful horse. The beautiful horses.
6. Many adjectives ending with al, take aux for the plural
masculine.
Un officier general. Des officiers generaux.
A general officer. General officers.
7. An adjective belonging to two or more singular nouns
is put in the plural.
La rose et la peche sont belles, The rose and peach are beautiful.
Le cheval et le chien sont noirs, The horse and dog are black.
8. Should an adjective belong to a masculine noun and to
one or more feminine nouns, it must be put in the masculine
plural.
Le gargon et la fille sont bons, The boy and girl are good.
Le chat et la vache sont blancs, The cat and the cow are white.
PUNCTUATION MARKS.
The marks of punctuation are the same in French as in
Engish.
USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS.
P.xcept at the beginning of a sentence, capital letters are not
used for the names of the months and of the days of the
week, for any word used as an adjective, for any word used
to signify rank or position. Each line of poetry is begun with
a capital letter. .
Le mois de juin.
The month of June,
.le le rec<evrai samedi.
I will receive it Saturday.
Que jamais du discours le sujet s'ecartant.
N'aille chercher trop loin quelque mot eclatant.
8
SYLLABLES.
Contrary to English every syllable in the French language
begins with a consonant, e.g.:
Pa-ris fi-mr
Ma-da-me le-gon
EMPHASIS.
In the French language the stress is usually on the last
syllable of words. This however is not an invariable rule.
VERB AGREES WITH ITS NOUN.
In the French language the verb must agree also with the
noun which it qualifies.
PAST INDEFINITE TENSE.
The pupil should bear in mind that practically all conversa-
tion of a "past nature" is carried on in the French language
in the PAST INDEFINITE TENSE (see lesson twenty-one
on page fifty-five). The PAST DEFINITE TENSE (twenty-
ninth lesson) is never used except in literary and educational
works.
ALL VERY EASY.
You will quickly master the foregoing rules by practice in
class. Too much importance cannot be placed on the Justice B.
Detwiler system of talking and of reading aloud. It will
surprise you to notice how quickly you will detect any error
in your pronunciation after a comparatively short period of
study.
Pronounce boldly and resolutely, without fear of appearing
awkward. Every odd sound emitted adds practical knowledge.
The rules given in the foregoing pages will all be thoroughly
understood by you after a few days' active practice in the
class.
9
LESSON 1
PREMIERE LECON
(Pronounced pruh-mee-ayr luh-sohn)
Masculin Singulier
(mas-ku-lahn sahn-gii-lee-ay
1. Le papier
(luh pah'pee-ay)
2. Le livre
(leevr)
3. Le panier
(pah' 'nee-ay)
4. Le crayon
(kray-ohn)
5. L'encrier
(lankree'ay)
Masculin Pluriel
(mas-ku-lahn plu-ree-el)
6. Les livres
(lay lever)
Feminin Singulier
(fay-mee-nah)
7. La regie
(lah rehgl)
8. La plume
(plouhm)
9. La boite
(booahl)
10. La table
(tahbl)
11. La chaise
(shayz)
Feminin Pluriel
(fay-mee-nah)
12. Les plumes
(lay pliihm)
RULE The plural of nouns in French is usually formed by adding
s to the singular form.
LES COULEURS
(Pronounced lay coo-lehrs)
Rouge rooj
Red
Noir (e) nooar
Black
Jaune jon
Yellow
Blanc (he) blahn
White
Bleu (e) bluh
Blue
Brun (e) bruhn
Brown
Vert (e) ver
Green
Gris (e) gree
Grey
Qu'est-ce que c'est?
What is it?
C'est le livre.
It is the book.
Est-ce le livre?
Is it the book?
Oui, Monsieur, c'est le livre.
Yes, sir, it is the book.
Est-ce la regie?
Is it the ruler?
Non, Monsieur, c'est 1'encrier.
No, sir it is the inkwell.
keh-s-kuh-say?
sayduh lee-vr
ehs luh leevr?
we muh-seeu say luh lee-vr.
ehs luh reh-gl?
nohn, muh-see-u say lahn-kree-ay
11
PREMIERE LE ON Continued
Qu* est-ce que c'est?
What are these?
keh-s kuh-sayf
suh sohn lay lee-vr
ehs-kuh suh sohn lay leevrf
Ce sont les livres
These are the books
Est-ce que ce sont les livres?
Are these the books?
Oui, Monsieur, ce sont les livres wee muh-see-ii suh sohn lay leevr
Yes, sir, these are the books
De quelle couleur est le livre? duh kel koo-liir ay luh leevrf
Of what color is the book?
Le livre est rouge luh leevr ay rooj
The book is red
De quelle couleur est la boite? duh kel koo-liir ay lah btvatef
Of what color is the box?
La boite est jaune
The box is yellow
Comment vous portez-vous?*
How do you feel?
Comment allez-vous?t
How are you?
Tres bien, mere!
Very well, thank you
Au revoir, Monsieur, a demain oh-ruh-vwar muh-see-ii ah duh-mahn
Good-bye, sir, till tomorrow
Au revoir oh-ruh-vwar
Good-bye
Au plaisir? oh-play-z-eer
Bye-bye
Parlez-vous frangais? parlay-voo frahfi-say?
Do you speak French?
Oui, Monsieur, je parle f rancais wee, muh-see-ti juh parl frahn-say
Yes, sir, I speak French
lah bwate ay jone
ko-mohn voo por-tay-voo?
ko-mohn tah-lay-voo?
treh bee-ahn mair-see
NOTE I.
Monsieur, abbreviated (M., also Mr.).
Mr., Sir, gentleman.
Madame, abbreviated (Mme.).
Madam, Mrs., married lady.
Mademoiselle, abbreviated (Mile.).
Miss, unmarried lady.
LITERAL TRANSLATION
* How are you bearing yourself?
f How are you going?
? To the pleasure (of seeing you).
12
PHONETIC EXERCISE WITHOUT A MASTER.
Monsieur (m'syeitii) = Sir, Mr.
Messieurs (messyeii) = gentlemen, Messrs.
Madame (madamm) = Madam, Mrs.
Bonjour (bonhzhoor) = good morning, good day.
Comment allez-vouz? (komonhtallay voo) = how are you?
Tres bien merci (tray bienh mairsee) = very well, thank you.
Et vous? (ay voo) = and you?
Oui (weeh) = yes.
Non (nolin) = no.
Je suis Anglais (juh sweezonhglay) I am English.
Je suis fatigue (jnh swee fat-ee gay) = I am tired.
Donnez-moi (donnay mwd) = give me.
S'il vous plait (seel voo play) = if you please, please.
Merci (mairsee) = thank you, thanks.
Du pain (dii palm) = some bread.
De 1'eau (duh lo) = some water.
De la viande (duh la vec-ahnd) = some meat.
Des biscuits (day bisskwee) = some biscuits.
Voici (vwasee) = here is, here are.
LEARN THIS BY HEART.
Bonjour, Madame, comment allez-vous?
(Bonhzhoor, madamm, komonhtallay voo).
Tres bien, merci, monsieur, et vous?
(Tray bee-ahn, mairsee, m'syeii, ay voo).
Je suis fatigue, madame.
(Juh swee fat-ee-gay, madamm).
Donnez-moi du pain, s'il vous plait.
(Donnay mwa dii pahii, seel, voo play).
Merci, madame.
(Mairsee, madamm).
Voici de la viande, monsieur.
(Vivasee duh lah vee-ahnd, m'syeur).
Oui, madame, merci.
(Weeh, madamm, mairsee).
Au revoir, monsieur.
(O revivar, m'syeur).
Parlez-vous trangais?
(parlay-voo fransay).
Oui, monsieur, je parle frangais.
(weeh, m'syeu juh parl fransay).
14
LESSON 2
DEUXIEME LECON
dii-zee-ehm luh-sohn
1. Le plafond 6. La porte
(plah-fohn) (port)
2. Le plancher 7. La fenetre
(plahn-sh-ay) (fuh-neh-tr)
3. Le tableau 9. Le rideau
(tah-bl-oh) (ree-do)
4. Le bureau 8. Le mur
(bil-roh) (mur)
5. Le calendrier 10. Le tableau-noir
(ka-lahn-dree-ay) (tah-bloh-nwar)
LES NUMEROS
(lay nii-may-roh)
1. Un (une) 6. Six
(ohn) (un) (sees)
2. Deux 7. Sept
(</-) (5C/)
3. Trois 8. Huit
(tr-wd) (weet)
4. Qiiatre 9. Neuf
(katr) (nuf)
5. Cinq 10. Dix
(sahnk) (dees)
8. Quel est ce numero? kel-ay suh nu-may-rohf
What number is this?
C'est le numero huit say luh nii-may-roh weetf
It is number eight
3,4,6. Qiiels sont ces numeros? kel sohn say nil-may roh?
What numbers are these?
Ce sont les numeros trois, quatre et six
suh sohn lay nii-may-roh trwa katr ay
sees. "
They are numbers three, four and six.
NOTE. The number UN, feminine UNE, is also used as the article
A, AN. This is the only one of the numbers having different forms for
the masculine and the feminine.
LOCUTIONS FACILES
Dites-moi deet-mwa Je vous remercie juh-voo-ruh-mair-see
Tell me I thank you
S'il vous plait seel-voo-play Je le parle un peu juh luh pahrl
If you please ohn pii
I speak it a little
IS
LESSON 3
TROISIEME LECON
(trwa-zee-em luk-sohn)
Long (ue) lohn
Long
Court (e) koor
Short
Large larj
Wide
e"troit (e) ay-trwah
Narrow
epais (se) ay-pay
Thick
mince mahns
Thin
plein (e) plahn
Full
vide veed
Empty
Grand (e) grahn
Large
Petit (e) puh-tee
Small
Plus long (ue) que plu-lohn-qti
More long than
aussi long (ue) que oh-seel ohn qii
As long as
haut (e) oh
High
bas (se) bah
Low
chaud (e) show
Hot, warm
froid (e) fro-wa
Cold
1. The adjective must agree, in gender and number, with the noun
it modifies; therefore with a masculine singular noun we must have a
masculine singular adjective, and with a feminine plural noun we must
have a feminine plural adjective. The feminine singular of adjectives
is usually formed by adding e to the masculine singular form. See
detailed rule on next page.
Le livre blanc (m. s.) luh leevr blahn
La regie blanche (f. s.) lah reh-gl blahn-sh
Les livres blancs (m. p.) lay leevr blahn
Les regies blanches (f. p.) lay reg-gl blahnch
2. The adjective often follows the noun. See rule on page 10.
C'est le papier blanc say luh pah-pee-ay blahn
It is the white paper
Qu'est-ce que c'est?
What is this?
C'est le livre large
It is the wide book
C'est la boite large
It is the wide box
EXERCICE
kuh-s kuh say?
say luh leevr larj
say lah bwate larj
Est-ce que le crayon est long? es-kuh luh kray-ohn ay lohn?
or
Le crayon, est-il long? luh-kray-ohn ay-teel lohn
Is the pencil long?
Oui, monsieur, le crayon est
long wee mu-see-u luh kray-ohn ay lohn
Yes, sir, the pencil is long
17
Est-ce que le tableau-noir est large?
Ehs kuh luh tah-bloh-nivar ay larjf
Is the blackboard wide?
Oui, monsieur, le tableau-noir est large.
Wee mu-sii luh tahb-lo-mvar ay larj.
Yes, sir, the blackboard is wide.
De quelle cotileur est le livre epais?
Duh kel koo-liir ay luh leevr ay pay?
Of what color is the thick book?
Le livre epais est rouge.
Luh leevr ay-pay-zay rooj.
The thick book is red.
Est-ce que le livre est mince?
Ehs kuh luh leevr ay mahnsf
Is the book thin?
Non, monsieur, le livre n'est pas mince, il est 6pais.
Nohn mu-sii luh leevr .nay pah mahns, eel ay-tay-pay.
No, sir, the book is not thin, it is thick.
Est-ce que le papier est epais ou mince?
Ehs kuh luhpah-pee-ay-ray-tay-pay- zoo-mahns?
Is the paper thick or thin?
Le papier est mince.
Luh pah-pee-ay-ray mahns.
The paper is thin.
Est-ce que le livre est aussi long que le papier?
Ehs kuh luh leevr ay-toh-see long kuh luh pah-pee-ayf
Is the book as long as the paper?
Oui, monsieur, le livre est aussi long que le papier.
Wee mu-sii luh leevr. ay-toh-see long kuh luh-pah-pee-ay.
Yes, sir, the book is as long as the paper.
Est-ce que le livre bleu est aussi long que le livre rouge?
Ehs kuh luh leevr blii ay-toh-see lohn kuh luh leevr rooj
Is the blue book as long as the red book?
Non, monsieur, le livre bleu est plus long que le livre rouge.
Non mu-sii luh leevr blu ay plu long kuh luh leevr rooj?
No, sir, the blue book is longer than the red book.
Est-ce que le livre rouge est plus court que le livre bleu?
Ehs kuh luh leevr rooj ay plu koor kuh luh leevr blii?
Is the red book shorter than the blue book?
Oui, monsieur, le livre rouge est plus court que le livre bleu.
Wee mu-sii luh leevr rooj ay plu koor kuh luh leevr blii.
Yes, sir, the red book is shorter than the blue book.
Est-ce que la boite bleue est aussi longue que la boite blanche?
Ehs kuh lah bwaht blii ay-toh-see long kuh lah bwaht blahnshf
Is the blue box as long as the white box?
Non, monsieur, la boite bleue est plus courte que la boite blanche.
Nohn mu-su lah bwaht blii ay plu koort kuh lah bwaht blahnsh
No, sir, the blue box is shorter than the white box.
12
REMEMBER THIS RULE
In French the adjective takes the gender and number of its nclin.
An adjective belonging to a feminine noun, takes the feminine form
by adding e.
An adjective ending in e without an accent, is not changed in the
feminine.
Adjectives ending in /, change / to v, and add e, for the feminine.
Adjectives ending in x, change x to s, and add e also.
Adjectives having the following terminations, double the last
consonant and add e for the feminine; el, eil, en, et, on.
The following adjectives have three terminations:
Masculine Before Masculine Before a Feminine
a Consonant
Vowel or Silent h
Beau
Bel
Belle handsome, beautiful
Fou
Fol
Folle foolish
Mou
Mol
Molle soft
Nouveau
Nouvel
Nouvelle new
Vieux
Vieil
Vieille old
LESSON 4
QUATRIEME LECON
(kat-ree-ehm luh-sohn
Ou est lelivre?
Where is the book?
oo-ay luh leevrl
sur
above, upon, on
sur
sous
below, beneath
devant
before, in front of
soo
duh-vahn
derriere
back of, behind
duh-ree-air
entre
between
ehn-tr
dedans
inside of
duh-dahn
dehors
outside of
duh-or
dans
in (sometimes on)
voici
here is, here are
dahn
v-wa-see
voila
there is, there are
v-wa-lah
a droite
to the right, at the right
a gauche
to the left, at the left
ah-dr-waht
ah-go-sh
EXERCICE
Ou est le panier? (oo ay luh pahn-ee-ay?)
Le panier est sur la table, (luh pahn-ee-ay-ray sur lah tahbl.)
Ou est le livre? (oo ay luh leevr?)
Le livre epais est sur la grande table entre la regie et 1'encrier.
(luh Iccvr ay-pay-zay sur lah grahnd tahbl elintr lah rehgl
ay lahn-kree-ay.)
Ou est le panier? (oo ay luh pahn-ee-ay?)
Le panier est sur le plancher, et a droite de la grande table.
(luh pahn-ee-ay-ray sur lull plahii-shay ah ah drivaht duh
lah grahnd tahbl.)
(chs-kuh luh
est 1'autre table et I'autre livre? (oo ay lotr tahbl ay
lohtr leevr?)
ici I'autre table et 1'autre livre est a droite du panier.
(vwas-see lotr tahbl ay lotr leevr ay-tah drzvaht du pahii-ce-
ay-)
L'autre livre, est-il sur la table? (I'ohtr leevr ay-teel sur lah
tahbl?)
Non, monsieur, I'autre livre est sous la table. (nohn inu-sn
lohtr leevr ay soo lah tahbl.)
Un livre (le premier livre) est sur la grande table. (ithii
Iccvr (luh pruh-mcc-ay leevr) ay sur lah grahnd tahbl.)
Les deux livres, sont-ils sous la table? (lay du leevr sohii-tecl
soo lah tahbl?)
Non, monsieur, le premier est sur la table, et le second est
sous la table. (nohn mu-sii luh pruh-mee-ay-ray sur lah
tahbl ay luh suh-gohn-tay soo lah tahbl.)
La grande table, est-elle a droite de la petite table, (lah
grahnd tahbl ay-tel droh-waht duh lah puh-tect tahbl.)
Non, monsieur, la grande table est a gauche de la petite table.
(nohn mu-sii lah grahnd tahbl ay-tah gosh duh lah puh-tcct
tahbl.)
Voici un homme et une chaise. (vwah-see uhil om ay iin
shays.)
L'homme, est-il assis sur la chaise? (lom-ay-teel ah-see siir
lali shays?)
Oui, monsieur, I'homme est assis sur la chaise. (we'e mu-sii
lorn ay-tah-sce siir lah shays.)
REMEMBER THIS RULE
In a question beginning with OtJ, -where, the words may
be arranged as in English.
Ou est mon mouchoir? Where is my handkerchief f
Mon mouchoir ou est-il? Where is my handkerchief?
20
LESSON 5
READING LESSON
Where is the theatre? Ou est le theatre?
(Oo-ay luh tay-ahtr?)
When do we advance? Quand avangons-nous?
(Kahn-tah-vahn-sohn noo?)
Why are you angry? Pourquoi etes-vous fache?
(Poor-kwa eht voo fah-shay?)
Who is that soldier? Qui est ce soldat la?
(Kee ay suh sol-da-lah?)
Who are those men? Qui sont ces hommes?
(Kee sohn say-zohm?)
What is your commander's name? Comment s'appelle
votre commandant?
(Ko-mohn sah-pel vohtr ko-mahn-dahn?)
What house is this? A qui est cette maison?
| (Ah-kee ay set may-zohn?)
o you want something to eat? Voulez-vous quelque.
chose a manger?
(Voo-lay-voo kel-kuh shos ah mahn-jay?)
ren't the flowers beautiful? Les fleurs ne sont elles pas
belles?
(Lay fliir nuh sohn-tel pah bell?)
n't it hot today? Ne fait-il pas chaud aujourd 'hui?
(NuJi-fay-tcel pah sho-doh-joord wee?)
on't you want some tobacco? Ne voulez-vous pas de
tabac?
(Noh voo-lay-voo pah duh tah-bahf)
oesn't he want some wine? Ne veut-il pas de vin?
(Nuh vii-teel pah duh vahn?)
ow old are you? Quel age avez-vous?
(Kel aaj ah-vay-voo?)
Vill you please give me a cigarette? Donnez-moi une
(Duh-nay-mwa iln see-gah-ret seel-voo-play?)
cigarette s'il vous plait?
hall I get you a match? Dois-je chercher une aflumette
pour VOUST
(Dwaj shair-shay-riln al-il-met poor voo?)
re you thirsty? Avez-vous soif?
(Ah-vay-voo swaf?)
\ he hungry? A-t-il faim?
(Ah-teel fahn?)
Which one of these newspapers will you have? Lequel
de ces journaux voulez-vous?
(Luh-kel duh say joor-no voo-lay-voo?)
Which of these ladies is the nurse? Laquelle de ces
dames est 1'infirmiere?
(Lah-kel duh say dahm-zay lahn-feer-mee-air?)
Which of these soldiers are wounded? Lesquels de ces
soldats sont blesses?
(Lay kel duh say sol-dah son blessay?)
Which of these women is the mother of this child? La-
quelle de ces femmes est la mere de cet enfant?
(Lah-kel duh say-fahm-zay lah mair duh setahn-iahn?)
REMEMBER THIS RULE
Before a masculine or^ feminine noun, commencing with a
owe! or silent h, the article is /'
L' Anglais, the Englishman. L'Anglaise, the Englishwoman.
21
LESSON 6
READING LESSON
Get me a newspaper. Apportez-moi un journal.
(Ali-por-tay-niwa uhn joor-nahl.)
Bring me some hot water. Apportez-moi de 1'eau chaude.
(Ah-por-tay-mwa duh lo shod.)
Call me a taxicab. Faites appeler un taxi pour moi.
(Fayt-zah-peh-hiy-ruhn tahxee poor mwa.)
Take that soldier to a room at once. He is sleepy.
Amenez ce soldat une chambre tout de suite. II
a sommeil.
(AIi-ui!i-nay snh sol-dah-tah un shaJim-br too duh sweet. Eel
ah sith-inav.
Sit down, my friend. You are tired. Asseyez-vous, mon
ami. Vous etes fatigue".
(Ah-say-yay voo moJin amee. Voo-zeht fah-tce-gay.)
Come in. I am glad to see you. Entrez! Je suis bien
aise de vous voir.
(Ehntray! Joh swee beeahn ehz duh voo vwar.)
Ask for food if you are hungry. Demandez quelque chose
a manger si vous avez faim.
(Duh-mahn-day kelk shoz ah mahii-jay see voo-za-vay fahn.)
Give me some wine. I am thirsty. Donnez-moi du vin.
J'ai soif.
(Duh-nay-niwa du rahii. Jay swaf.)
Open the door. That soldier is wounded. Ouvrez la
porte. Ce soldat est blesse".
(Oo-vray lah pohrt. Suh sol-dah-tay bless-say.)
Close the door. I am ill. Fermez la porte. Je suis.
malade.
(Fuhr-may lah pohrt. JuJi sivee mah-lahd.)
Order me some ham and eggs. Apportez-moi du jambon
et des oeufs.
(AJi-portay-nnca du jahn-bohii ay day soil.)
Ask that man for a match. Demandez une allumette &
ce monsieur.
(Dah-mahn-doy uhn aJil-lum-may ah suh mu-sii.)
Eat and drink" and you will feel better. Mangez et buvez
et vous vous porterez mieux.
(Mahn-fay-zay bil-ray ay voo voo pohr-tuh-ray mee-ii.)
I am sorry you have been hurt. Je regrette que vous avez,
Ste" bless.
(Juh ruh-gret kuh voo-zah-vay-say-tay bluh-say.)
REMEMBER THIS RULE
LE, LA, L', the; DU, DE LA, DE L', of the. some, or any
AU, A LA, A L', at or to the, are repeated before every noul
or every word used as such.
Le couteau et la fourchette. The knife and fork.
Du pain et du beurre. Bread and butter.
A I'homme et a la femme. To the man and woman.
Literally: The knife and the fork; some bread and somt
butter.
22
LESSON 7
CONJUGAISON DU VERBE ETRE
(cohn-ju-gay-sohn-du vairb ehtr)
PRESENT DE L'INDICATIF
(pray-sehn duh V ' ahn-dee-ka-teef)
Etre (eh-tr} To be
Singulier sahn-gil-lee-ay
Je suis le professeur juh swee luh pro-fes-iir
I am the professor
Tu es grand (e) tii ay grahn
You are tall
II est fort eel ay for
He is strong
Elle est 1'eleve el ay lay lehv
She is the pupil
Pluriel plu-ree-el
Nous sommes americains (nes) noo sumz ah-may-ree-kahn
We are Americans
Vous etes nos Sieves noo sumz ah-may-ree-kahn
You are our pupils
Us sont riches eel sohn reesh
They (m) are rich
Elles sont pauvres el sohn po-vr
They (f) are poor
jMasc. Fern.
mtent (s) cohn-tehn contente (s) cohn-tehnt
Contented
sis ass-ee assise (s) ass-eez
Seated
triche (s) reesh riche (s) reech
Rich
auvre (s) po-vr pauvre (s) po-vr
Poor
j NOTE See rule at bottom of pa^e 97.
REMEMBER THIS RULE
Un before a masculine noun, une before a feminine noun, answer
the English a, an, one.
Masculine Feminine
Un tailleur, a tailor Une modiste, a milliner
un crayon, a pencil Une ardoisej a slate
REMEMBER THIS RULE
The e of Je, /, is dropped before a vowel or a silent h.
23
EXERCICE
Vous etes dans la classe. (Voo-zet dahn lah klahs.)
You are in the class.
II est content du travail. (Eel ay cohn-tehn dii trah-vahie.)
He is contented with the work.
Elle est tres riche et nous sommes pauvres. (El ay tray
reesh ay noo sum po-vr.)
She is very rich and we are poor.
Etes-vous ame>icains? (Eht voo-zah-may-ree-kahn?)
Are you Americans?
Non, monsieur, nous sommes francais. (Nohn mu-su noo
silm frahn-say.)
No, sir, we are French.
Ou etes- vous? (Oo eht voof)
Where are you?
Nous sommes Icl. (Noo sum-zee-see.)
We are here.
Get homme est de la R6pub[ique Argentine. (Set om ay
duh lah Ray-pii-leek Ahr-jehn-teen.)
This man is from the Argentine Repubic.
Je ne suis pas chez mol. (Juh tnuh swee pah shay mwa.)
I am not at home.
Sommes-nous ensembles? (Sum-noo-zahn-sehmbl?)
Are we together?
Ou est votre papier et mon crayon? (Oo ay vohtr pah-
pee-ay ay mohn cray-ohn?)
Where is your paper and my pencil?
Mon papier est dans la boite et votre crayon est sur le
bureau. (Mohn pah-pee-ay ay dahn lah bwat ay vohtr
cray-ohn ay sur luh bil-ro.)
My paper is in the box and your pencil is on the desk.
Ou sont les livres de mon ami? (Oo sohii lay leevr duh
mohn ah-meef)
Where are the books of my friend?
Les livres de votre ami sont sous la table dans la salle.
(Lay leevr duh vohtr ah-mee sohii soo lah tahbl dahn lah
sahl.)
Your friend's books are under the table in the hall.
Ou est votre frere maintenant? (Oo ay vohtr frair mahii-
tuh-nahnf)
Where is your brother now?
II est dans la salle avec les autres enfants. (Eel ay
dahn lah sahl ah-vek lay-zohtr- zahn-fahn.)
He is in the hall with the other children.
REMEMBER THIS RULE
The preposition A, to or at, and the article LE, the, are before
a masculine noun beginning with a consonant, contracted into
AU, to the, at the. Please note that A LE is never used.
Au libraire. To the bookseller.
Au heros. To the hero.
Before a word commencing with a vowel or a silent h and
before a feminine word, no contraction o A with the article
takes place.
A 1'horloger. To the watchmakc"
A la dame. To the lady.
24
LESSON 8
HUITIEME LECON
weet-ee-em luh-sohn
9. La crarate
(krah-vaht)
10. Le gant
(gahn)
11. Le soulier
(sool-yay)
12. La chaussette
(sho-sett)
13. Le bas
(bah)
14. Le corsage
(kor-saj)
15. La jupe
gahn
mahn-sheet
soo-lee-ay
bah
1. L'habit
lah-bee
2. Le gilet
(jee-lay)
3. Le pantalon
(pahn-to-lohfi)
4. Le chapeau
(sha-po)
5. La casquette
(kas-kett)
6. La chemise
(shuh-meez)
7. Lefaux-col
(fo-cohl)
8. La manchette 16. La ceinture
(mahn-shetl) (sahn-tur)
17. Le mouchoir
(moo-sh-wa)
fgants
Une pair de I ma nchettes
A P^r of 1 souliers
tin-pair-duh [ bas
LE PRESENT DE L'INDICATIF du verbe '
TO HAVE
(luh pray-sahn duh lahn-dee-kah-teef duh ah-vwar)
J'ai un chapeau
I have a hat
Tu as trois chapeaux
Thou hast three hats
II a deux souliers
He has two shoes
Elle a une ceinture
She has a belt
Nous avons la cravate
We have the cravat
Vous avez huit mouchoirs
You have eight handkerchiefs
Us ont trois paires de gants
They have three pairs of gloves
Elles ont une douzaine de bas noirs, huit blancs et quatre
bleus. Six paires de bas font une douzaine d*e bas, quatre paires
font huit bas, et deux paires font quatre bas.
El-z ohn-tiin doo-zen duh bah nwar, wee blahn, ay katr blu. See pair
duh bah f ohn-tiin doo-zen duh bah, kahtr pair fohn wee bah, ay dii pair
fohn katr bah.
They have a dozen black stockings, eight white and four blue. Six
pair of stockings are a dozen stockings, four pair are eight stockings,
and two pair are four stockings.
Que dit-on de nouveau ? kuh deet-ohn duh noo-vot
What are the news?
Rien de nouveau ree-ahn duh noo-vo
Nothing new
25
jay uhn shah-po
tu ah trwa shah-po
eel ah dii soo'-lee-ay
el ah tin sahn-ttir
nooz ah-vohn lah krah-vat
voo-z ah-vay wee moosh-wa
eel-z ohn trwa pair duh gahn
LESSON 9
NEUVlfiME LECON
(nu-vee-em luh-sohri)
LES PARTIES DU CORPS HUMAIN
(lay partee du cor zii mahn)
La t6te teht
The head
La figure feegur
The face
Le front frohn
The forehead
Les yeux yti
The eyes
Les oreilles oray
The ears
Le nez nay
The nose
La bouche boosh
The mouth
Les dents dehn
The teeth
Le crane cran
The skull
La joue zhoo
The cheek
La gorge gorzh
The throat
Le men ton menhtohn
The chin
Le cou koo
The neck
Le dos doh
The back
Les epaules ay-pole
The shoulders
Les bras brah
The arms
Les mains mahn
The hands
Les doigts dwa.
The fingers
La jambe jamb
The leg
Le pied pee-ay
The foot
L'ortefl lor-tay
The toe
La poitrine pwa-treen
The chest
La poitrine pwatreen
The chest
Les poumons poomohn
The lungs
L'estomac lestommak
The stomach
Le coeur kiirr
The .heart
La colonne vert^brale kolonn
vairtaybral
The spine
11. onze
(owz)
12. douze
(dooz)
13. treize
(trez)
14. quatorze
(fea^orz)
15. quinze
(kans)
LES NUMEROS
16. seize
(sez)
17. dix-sept
(rfegz-5e/)
18. dix-huit
(deez-weet)
19. dix-neuf
(deez-nuf)
20. vingt
27
La figure a deux yeux, deux oreilles, un nez et
une bouche.
The face has two eyes, two ears, one nose and one
month.
Ceci est mon bras droit, et ceci est men bras
gauche.
This is my right arm, and this is my left arm.
Les mains ont cinq doigts.
The hands have five fingers.
II y a deux pieds, le droit et le gauche.
There are two feet, the right and the left.
Comibien de doigts avez vous?
How many fingers have you?
J'ai dix doigts aux mains et dix autres aux
pieds.
I have ten fingers on the hands and ten others on the
feet.
Cet homme a une grosse tete.
This man has a large head.
Cette femme a ies yeux bleus et une petite
"bouche.
This woman has blue eyes and a small mouth.
Elle a Ies mains blanches et petites.
She has white and small hands.
Les bras et Ies jambes sont longs.
The arms and legs are long.
Mon ami a un front haut et de grands yeux.
My friend has a high forehead and large eyes.
II a Ies mains et Ies dents blanches et Ies pieds
petits.
He has white hands and teeth and small feet.
Vous avez Ies epaules plus hautes que moi, et le
dos plus large que moi.
You have higher shoulders than I, and a broader back
than I.
II a le bras droit plus long que le bras gauche.
He has a longer right arm than left.
Voici la poitrine.
This is the^ chest.
Voici Ies epaules.
These are the shoulders.
LOCUTIONS FACILES
II n'y a pas de quoi. Passez-moi.
You are welcome. Pass me.
REMEMBER THIS RULE
POLNT^E } is used for no ' not any *
Pas de soupe. No soup.
Pas d'argent. No money.
Je n'ai pas de creme. / have no cream.
28
LESSON 10 (Part 1).
DIXIME LEgON.
(dee-2-ee-em luh-sohn.)
THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE. MON, TON, SON;
MY, THY. HIS. HER.
1. The possessive adjectives in French are:
MON, mohnMy; } Before a masculine noun, or a feminine
TON, tohn Thy; v noun beginning with a vowel or a
SON, solm His, Her; ) silent h.
MA, mah My; )
V Before a feminine noun commencing
TA, tab Thy; > with a consonant .
SA, sah His, Her; )
NOTRE, nohtr Our; ^
VOTRE, vohtr Your / Before a noun of either gender.
LEUR, liir Their )
2. The possessive adjectives take the gender and number
of the object possessed, and not, as in English, that of the
possessor.
Mon livre, My book. Ma plume, My pen.
Son livre, His or her book. Sa plume, His or her pen.
3. To avoid the meeting of two vowels, or of a vowel
and a silent h, the masculine form of the possessive adjectives,
mon, ton, son, is put as mentioned above, before a feminine
noun commencing with a vowel or a silent h.
Mon ame, My soul. son habitude, His or her habit.
4. The possessive adjectives are not used without the noun,
and are repeated before every noun or word used as such.
Mon pere et ma mere, My father and (my) mother.
Son oncle et sa tante, His uncle and (his) aunt.
MODEL SENTENCES.
?uel habit avez-vous? What coat have you?
ai 1'habit de mon cousin. I have my cousin s coat.
A-t-il la robe de sa cousine? Has he his cousin's dress?
II a le chapeau de son cousin. He has his cousin's hat.
A-t-elle le soulier de son frere? Has she her brother's shoe?
Elle a le mouchoir de sa mere. She has her mother's handker-
chief.
Avez-vous le verre de leur Have you their mother's glass?
mere?
Nous avons la tasse de notre We have our father's cup.
pere.
J'ai vu votre frere et votre I have seen your brother and
sceur. sister.
29
LESSON 10 (Part 2).
PLURAL OF POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.
Mes, may, my, is the plural of mon, ma.
Tes, tay, thy, ton, ta.
Ses, say, his, her, " son, sa.
Leurs, liir, our, notre.
Vcs, voh, your, votre.
Nos, noh, their, " " leur.
The above words are put before plural nouns of either gen-
der, and must be repeated before every noun.
Mes amis, ses amis, leurs amis, My friends, his or her friends,
their friends.
LESSON 10 (Part 3).
THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. LE MIEN, LA
MIENNE, MINE, ETC.
1. The possessive pronouns do not come before nouns, but
merely refer to them; they are:
MASCULINE. FEMININE.
Le mien, luh mee ahri, La mienne, lah mee-en, Mine.
Le tien, luh tee ahn, La tienne, lah tee-en, Thine.
Le sien, luh see ahn, La sienne, lah-see-en, His or hers.
n La notre lah nohtr
pe , .
Sa mere et la mienne, His mother and mine.
3. The contraction of the article with de and d must also
take place.
J'a^parle de son pere et du I have spoken of his father
mien. and of mine.
Vous avez ecrit a son frere et You have written to his brother
au mien. and to mine.
4. In the adjectives votre, notre, there is no accent; the
pronouns take the circumflex ( A ), le notre, le votre.
Notre livre et le votre, Our book and yours.
Votre maison et la notre, Your house and ours.
30
MODEL SENTENCES.
Avez-vous vu mon jar din? Have you seen my garden?
J'ai vu le sien. I have seen his or hers.
Avez-vous ecrit a son cousin? Have you written to his cousin f
J'ai ecrit au mien. _ I have written to mine.
Nous avons parle de votre ami. ^Ve have spoken of your friend.
II a parle du sien. Pie has spoken of his.
J'ai votre encrier et le mien. I have your inkstand and mine.
*Elle a votre ecritoire et la She lias your inkstand and mine.
mienne.
II a mon argent et le sien. He has my money and his.
II a ma plume et la sienne. He has my pen and his.
LESSON 10 (Part 4).
PLURAL OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
2. Les miens, lay mee-ahri, mine, is the plural of le mien.
Les tiens, lay tee-ahn, thine, le tien.
Les siens, lay see ahri, his, hers," le sien.
These pronouns refer to masculine nouns preceding in the
same or in another sentence.
Mes enfants et les siens,
My children and his.
3. Les miennes, lay nree en,wtn^is the plural of la mienne
Les tiennes, lay tee en, thine, " la tienne.
Les siennes, lay see en, his, hers " " la sienne.
The above pronouns relate to feminine nouns.
Vos soeurs et les miennes, Your sisters and mine.
4. LES NOTRES, ours, is the plural of le notre t la notre.
LES VOTRES, yours, " le votre, la votre.
LES LEURS, theirs, " " le leur, la leur.
These pronouns relate to plural nouns of either gender.
Vos neveux et les notres, Your nephews and ours.
LESSON 10 (Part 5).
THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES. CE, CET,
CETTE; THIS, THAT.
1. The demonstrative adjectives are:
Ce, suh, This, that; before a masculine noun commencing
with a consonant.
Get, set, This, that; before a masculine noun beginning with
a vowel or a silent h.
Cette, set, This\, that; before a feminine noun.
31
2. The demonstrative adjective always precedes nouns or
other words used as such, and must be repeated before every one.
Ce charpentier, This or that carpenter.
Cet orfevre, This or that goldsmith.
Cette cuisiniere, This or that cook.
Cet or et cet argent, That gold and (that) silver.
3. Ci or La joined with the hyphen (-) to the noun, will
make, in French, the difference existing in English between
here and there.
Ce livre-ci, This book (here).
Cette plume-la. That pen (there).
LESSON 10 (Part 6).
PLURAL OF DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES.
1. CES, these, those, is the plural of ce\, cet, cette.
It is put before plural nouns, either masculine or feminine,
and is repeated before every noun.
Ces hommes et ces femimes. Those men and (those) women.
Ces chevaux et ces vaches. These horses and (these) cows.
LESSON 10 (Part 7).
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
The demonstrative pronouns are never placed before nouns,
but take the place of nouns mentioned before, and must be in
the same gender and number. They are:
Celui, suh-lu ee, That, }
Celui-ci, suh Iti ee see, This one, / for the masculine.
Celui-la suh-lu ee lah, That one, )
Celle, sell Tha^ 1
Celle-ci, sell-see, This one, f for the feminine.
Celle-lah, sell-lah, That one,
CMon livre et celui de votre soeur, My book and your sister's.
Literally: My book and that of your sister.
&la lettre et celle-la My letter and that one.
32
LESSON 10 (Part 8).
PLURAL OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
1. Ceux, sii, those, is the plural of celui.
It refers to nouns masculine plural.
Ces tapis et ceux de votre soeur. These carpets and your sister's.
Literally: These carpets and those of your sister.
2. Celles, sell, those, is the plural of celle.
It relates to nouns in the pllural feminine.
Ces maisons et celles de notre These houses and our uncle's.
oncle.
Literally: These houses and those of our uncle.
3. Celles-ci, these is the plural of celle-ci, this one.
Celles-la, those, " " " celle-ld, that one.
These pronouns refer to plural nouns in the feminine.
Quellea demoiselles sont What or which young ladic-
studieuses? are studious?
Celles-ci et celles-la. These and those.
4. Ceux-ci, these, is the plural of celui-ci, this one.
Ceux-la, those, " " " celui-la, that one.
These words relate to nouns in the plural masculine.
fuels tapis avez-vous? What or which carpets have you?
ai ceux-ci et ceux-la. / have these and those.
32a
EXERCISE.
(ek-ser-sees)
A qui? ah-kee?
Whose?
A qui est cette cravate? ah kee ay set krah-vaht?
Whose cravat is this?
C'est la mienne (or) C'est a moi say lah me-en or say-t-ah
mwa
It is mine
A qui sont les bottines qui sont sous la chaise?
ah-kee sohn lay bot-ecn kee sohn soo lah shays?
Whose are the boots that are under the chair?
Ce sont les miennes suh sohn lay mee-en
They are mine
Ce sont les notres suh sohn lay nohr
They are ours
Dites moi a qui est ce livre.
Deet inii'a ah kcc ay suh leevr
Tell me whose book this is.
C'est son livre say sohn leevr
It is his (her) book
C'est le livre a elle say luh leevr ah et
It is her book
C'est le livre a lui say luh leevr ah looee
It is his book
Mon pere et ma mere sont a la maison
mohn pair ah mah mair sohii-lah lah may-z-ohn
My father and my mother are at home
Ma table, mes papiers et mes livres sont ici
mail tahble may pah-pee-say ay may leevr sohn-tee-see
My table, my papers and my books are here
Est-ce ma plume ou la votre? es mah plum oo lah vohtr
Is this my pen, or yours?
C'est la mienne say lah mee-en
It is mine
Est-ce que ce-sont nos livres? es-kuh suh sohn no leevr ?
Are these our books?
Oui, M., se sont les votres -wee mu-see-u suh sohn lay vohtr
Yes, sir, they are yours
REMEMBER THIS RULE
The name of the pessessor must, in French, follow the name
of the object possessd; thy ar joined by du, de la, de 1*.
Le fusil de soldat=T/i soldier's gun.
Le chapeau de la dame=r/i lady's hat.
L'ecorce de Parbre=77f bark of the tree.
Literally: The gun of the soldier; The hat of the lady, etc.
32b
LESSON 11
ONZIEME LEQON
LE PRESENT DE L'INDICATIF
AVOIR TO HAVE, ETRE TO BE
FORME AFFIRMATIVE
I have t etc.
II (Elle) a
Nous avons
Vous avez
Us (Elles) ont
FORME NEGATIVE
/ have not, &tc.
Je n'ai pas
Tu n'as pas
II (Elle) n'a pas
Nous n'avons pas
Vous n'avez pas
Us (Elles) n'ont pas
FORME AFFIRMATIVE
/ am, etc.
Je suis
Tu es
II (elle) est
Nous sommes
Vous etes
Us (elles) sont
FORME NEGATIVE
/ am not, etc.
Je ne suis pas
Tu n'es pas
II (elle) n'est pas
Nous ne sommes pas
Vous n'etes pas
Us (elles) ne sont pas
FORME INTERROGATIVE FORME INTERROGATIVE
Have I? etc.
Ai-je?
As-tu ?
A-t-il? A-t-elle?
Avons-nous?
Avez-vous?
Ont-ils? (elles)?
FORME NEGATIVE ET
INTERROGATIVE
Have I not? etc.
N'ai-je pas?
N'as-tu pas?
N'a-t-il (elle) pas?
N'avons-nous pas
N'avez-vous pas?
N'ont-ils (elles) pas?
Am I? etc.
Suis-je?
Es-tu?
Est-il? (elle)
Sommes-nous?
Etes-vous?
Sont-ils? (elles)?
FORME NEGATIVE ET
INTERROGATIVE
Am I not? etc.
Ne suis-je pas?
N'est-tu pas?
N'est-il (elle) pas?
Ne sommes-nous pas?
N'etes-vous pas?
Ne sont-ils (elles) pas?
RULE 1 The affirmative and interrogative forms are made
negative by placing "ne" immediately before the verb and "pas"
immediately after it.
RULE 2 In the case of AVOIR a "t" is placed between the
verb and the pronoun in the third person singular of the
interrogative and negative interrogative for the sake of euphony.
This applies to both the masculine and the feminine.
33
LESSON 12
DOUZI&ME LECON
(do-zee-em luh-sohri)
SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
Pronouns are used quite differently in the French language from
the way they are used in the English language; viz: both subject pro-
noun (as je) and object pronoun (as me) come before the verb.
There is also the indirect object pronoun of the third person, as
Lui (Iwee) to himj for him, to her, for her
Leur (lerr) to them, for them
These pronouns also come before the verb, but follow le, la, les
* Constant practice is necessary on the pupil's part to master the use
of pronouns. The rules are printed here only to help the pupil to recog-
nize the words when he hears them.
Je le vois I see him
tu la vois thou seest her
il les voit he sees them
With lui and leur
Vous lui parlez You speak to him
Nous leur parlons We speak to them
Me, te, se, nous, vous serve both as direct and indirect object-
pronouns. For example, "me" means me and to me, etc.
II nous le donne He gives it to us
II nous la donne He gives it (f.) to us
Elle me la donne She gives her to me
Nous vous le donnons We give it to you
II me donne les fusils He gives me the rifles
II me les donne He gives them to me
II les leur donne He gives them to them
II le lui donne He gives it to him
These sentences should be learned, and also the following table of
positions:
me
In a
te
le
All before
sentence
se
nous
come
before
la
les
come
before
lui
leur
the verb
vous
se
Je le lui donne (lit. I it to him give)
"It" is the direct object and "to him" the indirect object, used with
the verb "give."
Je les leur donne (I them to them give) I give them to them.
Je vous le donne I give it to you
Je la lui donne I give her to him
34
LESSON 13
TREIZlfiME LECON
(trez-ee-em luh-sohn )
LA FAMILLE
MASC.
Le grand-pSre (grahn-pair)
The grandfather
Le pere {pair)
The father
Le fils (fees)
The son
Le petit-fils (puh-tees fees)
The grandson
Le frere (frair)
The brother
Le cousin (koo-zahn)
The cousin
L'oncle (I'ohnkl)
The uncle
Le neveu (nev it)
The nephew
Le beau -pere (bo-pair)
The father-in-law
L'epoux (lay-Poo)
Le mari (maree)
The husband
Le beau -fils (bo-fees)
The son-in-law
Le parent (pah-rehn)
The relative
L'homme (I'om)
The man
Le veillard (veeay-ard)
The old man
T. e jeune homme (jiln-om)
The young man
Le gargon (gar-sohft)
The boy
vieux e
old
jeune June
young
peu pu
few
(fah-mee)
The Family
FEM.
La grand, mere (grahn-mare)
The grandmother
La mere (mare)
The mother
Lafille (fee)
The daughter
La petite-fille (puh-teet-fee)
The grandadughter
La soeur (soiir)
The sister
La cousine (koo-zeen)
The cousin
La tante (tahnt)
The aunt
La niece (nee-es)
The niece
La belle-mere (bel-mare)
The mother-in-law
L'epouse (lay-pooz)
La f emme (jam)
The wife
La belle-fille (&/-/*)
The daughter-in-law
La parente (parehn)
The relative
La f emme (jam)
The woman
La vieille f emme (vee-ay fam)
The old woman
La jeune f emme (jun fam)
The young woman
La petit fille (puhteet fee)
The little girl
L' enfant (lahn-fahn)
The child
vieille veeay
old
jeune jiin
young
beaucoup bo-koo
many
plusieurs plii-see-iir
several
35
TREIZIfiME LECON Continued,
age avez-vous?
Hovr old are you?
J'ai vingt ans.
I am twenty years old.
Les hommes ont un pere et une mere, deux grands
peres et deux grand'meres.
Men have a father and a mother, two granfathers
and two grandmothers.
Le pere de mon pere et le pere de ma mere sont
mes grands-peres.
The father of my father and the father of my mother
are my grandfathers.
La mere de mon pere et la mere de ma mere sont
mes grand'meres.
The mother of my father and the mother of my mother
are my grandmothers.
Mon pere et ma mere sont mes parents.
My father and my mother are my parents.
Nos grands-peres et nos grand'meres sont nos
grands-parents.
Our grandfathers and our grandmothers are our grand-
parents.
iMon pere a quatre enfants: deux filles et deux
garc.ons.
My father has four children, two girls and two boys.
Je suis un des fils, j'ai un frere et deux soeurs.
I am one of the sons, I have a brother and two sisters.
Les freres de mes parents sont mes oncles, leurs
fils sont mes cousins et leurs filles sont mes
cousines.
The brothers of my parents are my uncles, their sons
are my cousins, and ttoeir daughters arc toy comiins.
Combien de neveux avez-vous?
How many nephews have you?
Je n'ai pas de neveux; mes freres n'ont pas
d'enfants.
I have o nephews; my brothers have no children.
Vos oncles sont-ils jeunes ou vieux? Us sont
vieux.
Arc your uncles young or old? They ar old.
36
TREIZIMME LECON Continued
A qui sont ces enfants-ci?
Whose are these children?
Ce sont mes neveux, les enfants d'une de mes soeurs.
They are my nephews, the children of one of my sisters.
Un de mes beaux-freres, mari (epoux) de ma soeur, est pari-
sien; ils ont deux enfants, un garcon et une fille; le garcon est
blond comme sa mere, et la fille est brune comme son pere.
One of my brothers-in-law, the husband of my sister, is a Parisian;
they have two children, a boy and a girl; the boy is light, like his
mother, and the girl is dark, like her father.
Votre femme a-t-elle beaucoup de parents?
Has your wife many relatives?
Non, Monsieur, ma femme a peu de parents, ces deux garcons-
la sont ses neveux.
No, sir, my wife has few relatives; those two boys are her nephews.
Quel age a la femme de votre fils?
How old is your son's wife?
Ma belle-fille est jeune; elle a dix-neuf ans.
My daughter-in-law is young; she is nineteen years old.
Avez-vous beaucoup de vieux amis ?
Have you many old friends?
J'ai plusieurs vieux amis et beaucoup d'amis jeunes.
I have several old friends and many young friends.
RULES TO REMEMBER
As a rule the s of the plural is not sounded, as les murs (lay miir').
When, however, one word ends in a consonant, and the following
word begins with a vowel, the last consonant sound is linked on to the
following vowel, and that consonant is then sounded. Vous avez
(yoozahvay) you have.
This is especially the case with words which belong to each other,
with no lift of the breath between.
Comment allez-vouz? (komon-tahllay voo) How are you?
Les encriers (layzahnkreeay) the inkstands.
An exception to this rule is the word et (a) and, of which the t is
never tinder any circumstances, sounded.
II y a (eel ee ah) There is, ttrere are.
*'I1 y a" can be used wherever the object is, visible or invisible.
NOTE "Voila" is used for "there is" when one can point at the
object.
37
HOME EXERCISE WITHOUT A MASTER
La guerre (gair) = the war.
Le verre (vair) = the glass.
La tasse (tass) = the cup.
L'assiette, f. (ass-yett) = the plate.
La montre (monhtr) = the watch.
L'ami (ainmee) = the friend.
Le chien (-hee-ahn) = the dog.
La femme (famm) = the woman.
Le soldat (soldo) = the soldier.
L'homme (h mute) (lomm) = the man.
La mitrailleuse (mce-trah-U z) = The machine-gun.
Ou (00) = where?
Ici (eesee) = here.
Avec (avvek) = with.
Votre (votr) = your.
Moi (mwoli) = me.
La cheminee (sJiemeenay) = the mantelpiece, chimney.
Le feu (feu) the fire.
Le charbon (sJiarboJiii) = the coal.
Le bois (bwa) = the wood.
La maison (mayzonh) = the house.
Le mur (miir) = the wall.
Et (a) = and.
Montrez-moi (monhtray mwd) = show me.
Voila (vwarlah) = there is.
Sur (stir) = on, upon.
Dans (dohn) = in.
La lettre (lettr) = the letter.
La chambre (shomhbr) = the room.
La fenetre (fenaytr) = the window.
Perdu (pairdil) = lost.
Le regiment (rezhecmolin) = regiment.
Lieutenant (lieu t nonh) = lieutenant.
Capitainc (kapt tetain) = captain.
Colonel (kolonel, all syllables sounded = colonel.
General (zhaynayral, all syllables sounded) = general.
Combien de fois? (kombienh dc f-d'dJi) = How often?
Le dejeuner (dayzhernay) = breakfast.
Le diner (deenay) =*= dinner.
Le iouper (soopay) = supper.
38
LESSON 14
QUATORZlfiME LECON
kat-or-zee-em luh-sohn
LES NOMBRES
21. vingt et un 70. soixante-dix
(vahn-tay-ohn) (swa-sahnt-deez)
22. vingt-deux 72. sioxante-douze
(vahn-du) (swa-sahnt-doos)
30. trente 80. quatre-vingts
(trahnt) (katr-vahn)
31. trente et un 81. quatre-vingt-un
(trahnt-ay-ohn) (katr-vahn-t-ohm)
32. trente-deux 90. quatre-vingt-dix
(trahnt-dii) (katr-vahn-dees)
40. quarante 91. quatre-vingt-onze
(karahnt) (katr-vahnt-ohnz)
41. quarante et un 100. cent
(kahrahnt-du) (sehn)
42. quarante-deux 101. cent un
(sahn-kahnt) (sehn-okn)
50. cinquante 1000 mille (meel) (mille does not
(uhn ay uhn fohn dii) take plural 9)
60. soixante 1000000 un million, must be followed
(swa-sahnt) by de
1 -{- 1 = 2 Un et un font deux
(uhn ay uhn fohn du)
2 + 3 = 5 Deux et trois font cinq
(du ay traw fohn sahn)
2 1 = 1 Deux moins un egal un
(du mwanz uhn ay-gal uhn)
4 X 3 = 32 Quatre f o is huit font trente-deux
(katr-fwa weet fohn trehnt-du)
Fr. 4 -{ Fr. 6 = Fr. 10 Quatre francs et six francs font dix
francs
(katr frahnz ay see frahn fohn dee frahn)
Fr. 0,03 4- Fr. 0,08 = Fr. 0,11 Trois centimes et huit, centimes
font onze centimes
(trwa sahn-teem ay iveet sahn-teem fohn ohnz sahn-teem)
Un centime (uhn sahn-teem) La monnaie (lah moh-nay)
Un franc (uhn frahn) Change
Un billet de cinq francs II y a (ell-ee-ah)
(uhn bee-ay duh sahn frahn) There is, there are
L'argent (lar-jehn) Ya-t-il? (ee-ah-t-eell) .
Silver, money Is there, are there?
L'or (lore) Une douzaine (un doozen)
Gold A dozen
Un franc vaut cent centimes ohn frahn voh sahn sahn-teem
A franc has one hundred centimes
Cinq francs font un dollar sahn frahn fohn ohn doh-lahr
Five francs make one dollar
Combien d'argent avez-vous?
How much money have you?
J'ai cinquante francs en papier, vingt-cinq en or, dix francs
en argent et quarante-cinq centimes de monnaie (change).
I have fifty francs in paper, twenty-five in gold, ten francs in silver
and forty-five centimes in change.
Combien de douzaines y a-t-il dans une grosse?
How many dozens are there in a gross?
II y en a douze.
There are twelve dozen.
Combien de Hvres y a-t-il sur la table?
How many books are there on the table?
II y a sept livres.
There are seven books.
Combien de fendtres y a-t-il ici? II y a quatre fenetres.
How many windows are there here? There are four windows.
PHRASES TO REMEMBER
Pardon Pardohn I beg your pardon
Permettez-moi Pairmettay mwah Allow me
Comment ca va-t-il? Komokn sah vahteel? How are you?
Assez bien merci Assay bienh mairsee Pretty well, thank you
J'ai un rhume uhn riime I have a cold
Faites mes amities a madame votre mere a monsieur votre frere
Fate maizammeetiay za madamm votr mair ah m'syeur votr fraer
Give my kind regards to your mother your brother
Au revoir O rervwar A tantdt A h tonhtoe
Goodbye
Avez-vous vu mon regiment? Away voo vii rnohn rezheemohn
Have you seen my regiment?
Allez tout droit Allay too drwah Go straight on
Ouel est le meilleur chemin? Kel ay luh sh'mahn
Which is the best way?
Ouel temps fait-il? Kel tehii faiteel What weather is it?
II fait beau temps Eel fay bo tehii It is fine
Le temps est beau Luh tehii zay bo The weather is fine
II fait chaud Eel fay show It is warm
II fait froid Eelfayfrwah It is cold
II fait mauvais Eel fay movuay It is bad
II fait du vent Eel fay dii vehn It is windy
THSES ADJECTIVES PRECEDE NOUN
Here are a few adjectives which usually precede their noun:
beau = handsome, fine grand = large, great mauvais = bad
bon = good gros = large, big meilleur = b'etter
brave = worthy jeune = young petit = small, little
cher = dear joli = pretty vieux = old
40
LESSON 15
QUINZlfiME LECON
(kan-z-ee-em luh-sohn)
LE TEMPS
(luh tehn)
Le jour luh joor (La journee) La semaine lah suh-men
The day ' The week
Les jours de la semaine sont lay joor duh lah suh-men sohn
The days of the week arei
lundi lundee jeudi judee
Monday Thursday
mardi mar-dee vendredi vehnd-ruh-dee
Tuesday Friday
mercredi mer-kruh-dee samedi sah-muh-dee
Wednesday ^ Saturday
dimanche dee-mahn-sh
Sunday
Le mois luh mwa L'an (L'annee) lahn (lahnay)
The month The year
Les noms des mois sont lay nohn day mwa sohil
The names of the months are:
Janvier jahn-vee-ay juillet j-wee-eh
January July
fevrier fay-vree-ay a out oo
February August
mars mahrs septembre suhp-tehn-br
Marqh September
avril ahvreel octobre oktobr
April October
mai may novembre no-vehn-br
May November
juin joo-ahn decembre day-sehn-br
June December
La saison lah say-zohn
The season
[1 y a quatre saisons, dans 1'annee qui sont
eel ee ah katr say-zohn dahn lah-nay kee sohn
There are four seasons in the year, which are:
le printemps luh prahn-tahn I'automne lo-ton
spring autumn
I'ete lay-lay 1'hiver lee-vair
summer winter
aujourd'hui oh-joord-wee demain duh mahn
today tomorrow
hier ee-air apres-demain apray duh mahn
yesterday day after tomorrow
avant-hier avahnt-ee-air maintenant mahn-tuh-nahn
day before yesterday now
REMEMBER THESE RULES
1. The English word on before days and dates is not to be translated
nto French.
2. Names of days and months do not be^in with capital letters.
3. In dates use cardinal numbers except le trois juin = the 3rd
of June.
41
QUINZIEME LECON Continued
la semaine derniere (pass^e) lah suh-men duhr-nee-air
last week
le mois dernier (passe) luh mwa duhr-neeay
last month
1'annee derniere lanay duhr-nee-air
last year
la semaine prochaine lah suh-men proshan
next week
1'annee prochaine lah-nay pro-shan
next year
1'annee bissextile lah-nay bee-sex-teel
leap year
le siecle luh see-ek
the century
EXERCICE
II fait Deau (temps)
It is fine weather
II fait mauvais temps
It is bad weather
II fait tres froid
It is very cold
C'est tard
It is late
II fait froid C'est tres t6t
It is cold It is very early
II fait chaud C'est trop tard
It is hot It is too late
Combien de mois y a-t-il dans une annee?
How many months are there is a year?
II y en a douze
There are twelve
Quels mois ont trente jours?
Which months have thirty days?
Avril, join, septembre et novembre ont trente jours
April, June, September and November have thirty days.
Tous les autres ont trente et un jours, et fevrier en a seulement
vingt-huit.
All the others have thirty-one days, and February has only twenty
eight.
Tous les quatre ans, fevrier a vingt-neuf jours et alors 1'annee
s'appelle bissextile.
Every four years, February has twenty-nine days, and then the year
is called leap year.
Quel jour de la semaine est-ce aujourd'hui?
What day of the week is today?
Aujourd'hui c'est. ...
Today is. ...
Quel jour du mois sera-ce mardi prochain?
What day of the month will next Tuesday be?
Mardi prochain ce sera le quatorze.
Next Tuesday will be the 14th.
42
QUINZIEME LE CON Continued
Fail- il beau?
Is it good weather?
Non, M., il fait mauvais temps.
No, sir, it is disagreeable weather.
Fait-il froid ou chaud maintenant?
Is it cold or hot now?
II fait tres froid
It is very cold.
En decembre, Janvier et f evrier il fait tres froid ; mais en juillet
et en aout il fait tres chaud.
In December, January and February it is very cold; but in July
and August it is very warm.
Au printemps il fait moins chaud qu'en ete.
In spring it is not so warm as in summer.
En hiver il fait plus froid qu'en antomne.
In winter it is colder than in autumn.
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY
Mangeons manhzhonh let us eat
Regardez regarday look at
Meilleur, e may-yew better
Le mfeme maim la meme, les mdmes the same
Souvent soove.hu often
Buvons biivonh let us drink
J Tout de suite toot d' sweet immediately, at once
' N'importe namphort It does not matter
Commencez komonhsay begin
i Combien de f ois ? kombee-ahn de fwa How often?
1 Le dejeuner dayzhernay breakfast
Le diner deenay dinner
Le souper soopay supper
Aujourd'hui o-zhoor-dwee To-day
demain demanh To-morrow
Savez-vous ? sawey-voo Do you Know?
Cette nuit sett nwee to-night
La semaine derni^re semayn dairneair Last week
La semaine prochaine semayn proshayn Next week
Une annee annay a year
Un mois mwa a month
Une semaine semayn A week
Un jour zhoor A day
Une heure eur An hour
Je suis perdu pairdii I am lost
Qui etes-vous? keey ait voo Who are you?
Je suis Anglais Onglay I am English
Etes-vous Franca is? Fronshay Are you French?
Nous sommes Allies alleeay We are Allies
43
EXERCISE WITHOUT A MASTER
J'ai zhay I have II a eel ar he has
Elle a ell ah she has Est-ce? ayce is it?
Ce n'est pas suh nay pah It is not C'est say It is
II est eel a he is Elle est ell a she is
Bonsoir bonhswar good evening
Je ne me porte pas tres bien zhuh nuh muh port par tray bienh
I am not very well
C'est dommage say dommarzhe That is a pity
Apportez-moi apportay mwah Bring me
Depechez-vous daypayshay voo Make haste
Pouvez-vous? poovay voo Can you?
Certainement sairtaynmehn Certainly
Venez lei vennay zeesee Come here
Allez-vous-en allay voo zanh go away
Un, m. uhn a, an, one
Une, /. tin a, an, one
Des, pi. day some
Je suis zhuh swee I am
Savez-vous? say-vay-voo do you know?
Combien de kombiahn how many?
J'aifroid shay frwah I am cold
J'ai chaud zhay show I am warm
J'ai f aim zhayfainh I am hungry
J'ai soif swar I am thirsty
J'ai does not mean I am, but I have. In French they say "I have
cold," "I have warmth," "I have hunger," etc.
N'est-ce-pas? nayce pah Don't you? Isn't it? Are there not?
Has he not? etc., etc.
This phrase is used as a question after any affirmative sentence, as
"Us disent, n'est-ce pa?" They say, do they not?
*'Je viens, n'est-ce pas?" I am coming, am I not?
"II est la, n'est ce pas?" He is there, is he not?
"Vous voyez 1'homme, n'est-ce pas?" You see the man, do
you not?
n'est-ce pas? You are hungry, are you not?
n'est-ce pas. He is hungry, is he not?
a-t-il faim? Is he hungry?
i! n'a pas, etc. He is not hungry
Voyez-vous? Do you see? (There is no word for "do" in French,
and "voyez-vous" means literally "see you?"
Levez-vous leway-voo get up
Asseyez-vous assayay voo sit down
These two verbs are not asking a question, like "yoyez-vous?"
but are reflexive, and the "vous" in the two latter cases is a reflexive
pronoun.
LESSON 16
SEZIEME LECON
(sez-ee-en luh-sohn
1.00 o'clock II est une heure juste
(eel ay-tun iir just)
1.05 o'clock II est une heure cinq
(eel ay-tun ur satin)
1.10 o'clock II est une heure dix
(eel ay-tun ur dees)
1.15 o'clock II est une heure (et) un quart
(eel ay-tun ur kar)
1.20 o'clock II est une heure vingt
(eel ay-tun ur vahn)
1.25 o'clock II est une heure vingt-cinq
(eel ay-tun ur vahn-sahn)
1.30 o'clock II est une heure et demie
(eel ay-tun ur ay de-mee)
1.35 o'clock II est deux heures moins vingt-cinq
(eel ay du-z-iir mwahn vahn-sahn)
1.40 o'clock Deux heures moins vingt
du-z-iir mwahn vahn)
1.45 o'clock Deux heures moins un quart
dii-z-ur mwahn-z-uhn kar)
1.50 o'clock Deux heures moins dix
(du-z-iir mwahn dees)
1.55 o'clock Deux heures moins cinq
(du-z-iir mwahn sahn
Quelle heure est-il? kel iir ay-t-eel?
What time is it?
El est sept heures du matin eel ay set hiir dii ma-tahn
It is seven o'clock in the morning
II est sept heures et demie dusoir eel ay set iir ay duh-mee du swar
It is half past seven in the evening
Le matin luh ma-tahn
The morning
L'apres-midi lapray-mee-dee
The afternoon
La nuit lah noo-ee
The night
Le soir luh swar
The evening
L'heure lilr
The hour
Une demi-heure tin duh-mee-hur
A half hour
Un quart d' heure uhn kar diir
A quarter of an hour
Une minute un mee-niit
A minute
Cinq minutes
Five minutes
La seconde
The second
La montre
The watch
sahn mee-niit
lah suh-gonde
lah mohnt
45
SEIZIEME LECONCONTINUEG
Midi iNopn
II est midi It is mid-day
Minuit Midnight
II est minuit It is midnight
Ma montre avance (My watch is fast
Ma montre retarde My watch is slow
Ma montre est arretee. My watch has stopped.
Ma montre va tres bien; elle n'avance ni ne
retarde.
My watch is correct; it is neither fast nor
slow.
Avez-vous une montre?
Have you a watch?
J'ai une montre; j'ai des montres.
I have a watch ; I have watches.
Dites-moi; quelle heure est-il a votre montre?
Tell me what time it is by your watch.
II est quatre heures douze a ma montre.
It is twelve minutes past four by my watch,
Votre montre avance de sept minutes; a ma
montre il est deux heures et demie (or j'ai
deux heures et demie).
Your watch is seven minutes fast; by my watch, it is
half past two.
De combien avance cette montre?
How fast is this watch?
Elle n'avance ni ne retarde, elle est juste.
It is neither fast nor slow; it is right.
Le jour a douze heures.
The day has twelve hours.
La nuit a douze heures.
The night has twelve hours.
Le jour et la nuit 9nt vingt-quatre heures.
The day and the night have twenty-four hours.
Co-mbien de minutes y a-t-il dans une heure?
How many minutes are there in an hour?
II y a soixante minutes (or, II y en a soixante)
There are sixty minutes. ^
Une heure a soixante minutes; une demi-heure en
a trente, et un quart d'heure quinze.
An hour has sixty minutes; a half hour has thirty, and
a quarter hour fifteen.
PHRASES UTILES
Nous avons 1'heure du chemin de fer.
We have railroad time.
Le train doit arriver a neuf heures precises.
The train is due at nine precisely.
II sera ici dans une demi-heure.
It will be here in a half hour.
Depechons-nous.
Let us make haste.
46
LESSON 17
DIX-SEPTI6ME LECON
Le president
The president
pray-zee-dahn
m tun-sonn)
Le comptable
The bookkeeper
kohn-tab-le
Le secretaire
The secretary
suh-kr ay-tare
Le consul
The consul
cohn-sul
Le gerant
The manager
jay-rahn
Le stenographe
The stenographer
stay-no-graf
Le proprietaire
The proprietor
pro-pree-ay-tare
Le client
The client
klee-ahn
L' employe
The employe
r ahm-plo-yay
L'afTaire
The business
la-fare
Le tresorier
The treasurer
tray-soh-ree-ay
La banque
The bank
bahnk
Le commercant
The merchant
kom-ehr-sahn
Le consulat
The consulate
kon-sii-lay
L'agent
The agent
lar-jehn
Le bureau
The office
bti-roh
Le banquier
The banker
bahn-kee-ay
Le magasin
The store
ma-ga-zahn
L'avocat
The lawyer
lah vo-kah
L'edifice
The building
lay-dee-fees
Le procureur
The attorney
pro-kii-rur
L'hdtel
The hotel
lo-tel
Le caissier
The cashier
ka-ee-see-ay
La gare
The station
gahr
Le correspondant ko-res-pohn-dahn
The correspondent
Le telegraphiste tay-lay-grah-feest
The telegraph operator
que
that
pourquoi
why
parce que
because
to, at, in, by
par
through
ainsi ahn-see
keeh
sans
without
sahn
see
quand
'when
kahn
poor-kwa
quel, quelle (sing)
kel
poor-kwa
quels, quelles (pi)
kel
ah
rarement
which
seldom
rahr-mahn
par
souvent
often
soo-vehn
de cette maniere duh-set-mah-n-air
thus
47
EXERCICE
(ek-ser-see-s)
Le president est-il dans son bureau?
(luh pray-zez-dahn ay-teel dahn sohii bu-rohf)
Is the president in his office?
Est-ce que le president est dans son bureau ?
(es-kuh luh pray-zee-dahn-tay dahn sohn bu-roh?)
Is the president in his office?
Non, M., mais il y a ici le secretaire et tous les employes
(nohn muh-see-ii may eel ee ah ee-see luh sat-kray-tair to too lay
zehm-ploh-yay )
No, sir, but the secretary and all the clerks are here
Est-ce que ce monsieur-la est le caissier de la banque, ou le
comptable?
(es-kuh suh muh-see-ii lah ay luh kah-ee-see-ay duh lah bahnk oo
luh cohn-tah-bl?)
Is that gengleman the cashier of the bank ,or the book-keeper?
C'est le procureur de la banque
(say luh pro-ku-riir duh lah bahnk)
He is the bank's attorney
A qui est-ce que je parle?
(ah-kee es-kuh juh parl?)
To whom am I speaking?
Vous parlez au directeur
(voo par-lay-zoh dee-rek-tur)
You are speaking to the manager
Combien d'employes y a-t-il dans cette banque?
(kohn-bee-ahn dehm-plo-yay zee ah-teel dahn set bahnkJ)
How many employes are there in this bank?
II y a un president, un secretaire, un tr6sorier quatre steno-
graphes et beaucoup d'autres employes
(gel ee ah uhn pray-zee-dahn, uhn say-kray-tair uhn tray-soh-ree-ay ,
katr stay-no-graf, at boh-koo dohtr ehm-plo-yay)
There is a president, a secretary, a treasurer, four stengoraphers, and
many other employes
Quel est le secretaire?
(kel ay luh sek-raytair?}
Who is the secretary?
Ce monsieur-la qui est derriere le pupitre
(suh mu-see-u lah kee-ay duh-ree-air luh f i-peetr)
That gentleman who is behind the desk
48
Quand est-ce que le president est ici?
(kahnt es-kuh luh pray-zee-dahn-t-ay-tee-seef)
When is the president here?
II est ici tres rarement
(eel-ay teesee-treh rahrmehn)
He is here very seldom
Etes-vous un client de cette banque?
(eht voo zuhn kleeahn duh set bahnkf
Are you a client of this bank?
Je ne suis pas un client, mais un de ses agents
(juh muh swee fah zuhn klee-ehn, may, uhn duh say za jahft)
I am not a client, but one of the agents
Quel est le nom de cette banque?
(kel ay luh nohn duh set bahnk?)
What is the name of this bank?
C'est la Banque des Etats-Unis
(say lah bahilk day zayiah-zunee)
It is the United States Bank
EXERCICE II
(ek-ser-see-s dii)
Comment allez-vous! Le directeur est-il ici?
(coh-mohn-t-atilay-voo? luh dee-rek-tur ay-teel ee-seef)
How are you? Is the manager here?
Non, M., pourquoi ne parlez-vous pas au proprietaire?
(nohn muhi-see-u poor-kiva nuh pahr-lay-voo pah-zoh pro-pree-ay-
tairf)
No, sir. Why do you not speak to the proprietor?
Parce que c ? est une aflaire personelle avec le directeur
(pahr-suh kuh say-tun alt-fair pehr-so-nel ah-vek luh dee-rek-tur)
Because it is a personal matter with the manager
Qui est ce monsieur-la qui est assis f^ droite du stenographe?
(kee ay suh muh-see-u lah kee-ay-ta-see-zah dro-waht dii stay-no-
grahf?}
Who is that gentleman seated at the right of the stenographer?
Permettez-moi de vous presenter rnon fils
(puhr-meh-tay-mwa duh voo pray-sahn-tay mohn fees)
Allow me to introduce my son to you
Monsieur, je suis enchante de faire votre connaissance
(muh-see-u juh swee-z ahn-shahn-tay duh fair vohtr coh-nay-sahns)
I am delighted to make your acquaintance, sir
Tout le plaisir est txmr moi, monsieur
(too luh play-~ ?er ay poor mwa muh-see-u)
The pleasure is on A iiy side, sir
J'ai un rendez-vous avec mon banquier
(j-ay uhn rehn-day-voo zah-vek mohn bahn-kee-ay)
I have an appointment w th my banker
LESSON 18 (Part 1).
f DU, DU, DE L', DEL, DE LA, DUH LAH, OF THE,
FROM THE, SOME, ANY.
1. Du is always used for of the, some or any before a mas-
culine noun in the singular, not commencing with a vowel or
a silent h. 82HT De le is never used.
Du jardin, Of the garden.
Du menuisier, Of the joiner.
Du pain, Some bread.
2. Before a feminine noun, in the singular, beginning with
a consonant, or a pronounced h, dc la is used for or the, some
or any.
De la femme, Of the woman.
De la toile, Some linen.
3. De 1' is equivalent to of tlye, some or any before a noun
of either gender, commencing with a vowel or a silent h.
De I'homme, Of the man.
De 1'argent, Some money.
4. Often the word some or any is not expressed before a
noun in English, but when it may be put without changing the
meaning of the sentence, du, de la, de 1', must always be used
in French.
Vous avez du papier. You have (some) paper.
Avez-vous de la circ? Have you (any) wax?
Us ont de 1'argent. They have (some) money.
But de (or d' before a vowel or silent h) alone is used when
the noun following is preceded by an adjective; as
Donnez-moi de bon pain. Give me good bread.
Je bois d'excellente bifcre. I drink excellent beer.
II possede de belles maisons. He possesses heautiful houses.
5. A noun preceded by some or any, expressed or under-
stood, is said to be used in the partitive sense.
MODEL SENTENCES.
J'ai parle du medecin. j have spoken of the physician.
Vous avez parle de la dame. You have spoken of the lady.
Ont-ils parle de I'homme? Have they spoken of th* man?
La marchand a de la toile. The merchant has (some) linen
Avons-nous de la dentelle? Have we (any) lace?
L'epicier a du poivre. The grocer has (some) pepper.
Le tourneur a de 1'ivoire. The turner has (some) ivory.
50
LESSON 18 (Part 2).
DES DAY IS THE PLURAL OF DU, DE LA, DE L'.
DE& (of the, from th$, some, any) is the plural of du, de la,
de I', and is placed before both masculine plural, and before
feminine plural nouns, viz.:
Des livres, (some) books.
Des livres, (any) books.
Des livres, (of the) books.
Des livres, (from the) books.
NOTE 1 : .Please remember that de les is never usd.
MODEL SENTENCES.
Les dames ont-elles des Have the ladies (any) silk
chapeaux de soie? hats?
Elles ont des manteaux de They have (some) velvet
velours. cloaks.
Avez-vous de bijoux d'or? , Have you (any) gold jewels?
Nous avons des joujoux de We have (some) wooden
bois. playthings.
Les freres des marechaux The blacksmith's brothers are
sont ici. here.
LITERAL: The brothers of
the blacksmith are here.
NOTE 2: De is put instead of des (some, any) before a
)lural noun preceded by an adjective.
Votre soeur a de bons livres, Your sister has good books.
NOTE 3: De is also put instead of des before a plural noun,
fter a negative verb.
II n'a pas de cerises, He has no cherries.
50a
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LESSON 19
DIX-NEUVIEME LECON
(deez-nu-vee-em luk-sohn)
VOULOIR TO WANT TO BE WILLING TO
Singular
Je veux juh vil
I want
tu veux tu vil
you want
ilveut eel vil
he wants
elle veut el vil
she wants
Plural
nous voulons noo voo-lohn
we want
vous voulez voo-voo-lay
you want
ils veulent eel vii-l
they want (m)
elles veulent el vii-l
they want (f)
NOTE: The verb VOULOIR (to want) in the above form may be
used in sentences preceding any other verb in the present infinitive
tense to express futurity, e. g. :
Je veux entrer
juh viiz ahntray
I want to enter
Je ne veux pas entrer
juh nuh viiz pas ahntray
I do not want to enter
Veux-je entrer?
viiz-juh ahntray
Do I want to enter?
Ne veux-je pas entrer?
nuh viiz juh pah ahntray
Do I not want to enter?
Herewith appended are a number of verbs in the present infinitive
tense which may be used in the above manner, viz:
aimer ay-may
to love
a Her al-lay
to go
informer ahm-for-may
to inform
charger shar-jay
to load
acheter ach-tay
to buy
deposer day-po-zay
to deposit
parler par-lay
to speak
importer ihm-por-tay
to import
telephoner. tay-lay-fonay
to telephone
t^legraphier lay-lay- gr a- fee-ay
to telegraph
travailler trah-va-yay
to work
transporter trahnz-for-tay
to transport
visitor vee-see-lay
to visit
monter mohn-tay
to mount
chercher sher-shay
to seek
Verbs Ending in ER
dormer don-nay
to give
entrer ahn-tray
to enter
exporter ex-por-tay
to export
signer see-n-ay
to sign
fumer fil-may
to smoke
dSpcnser day-pehn-say
to spend
trouver troo-vay
to find
-river ar-ee-vay
to arrive
voyager voya-jay
to travel
cnvoyer chn-vo-yay
to senci
ueriandor Cuh-mahn-day
to ash
manner rjcn-jay
to eat
travcrscr tra^-vuhr-say
to cross
changer shahn-jay
to change
oublier oo-blee-ay
to forget
Verbs Ending in IR
dormir to sleep courir to run
Verbs Ending in OIR
pouvoir to be able vouloir to will, wish
voir to see savoir to know
mouvoir to move
Verbs Ending in RE
lire to read ecrire to write
mettre to put prendre to take
dire to say, tell boire to drink
faire to do, make
EXERCICE.
Je veux apprendre le frangais.
I want to learn French.
Tu veux aller a Paris.
You want to go to Paris.
II veut manger de la viande.
He wants to eat meat.
Elle veut acheter du pain.
She wants to buy bread.
Nous voulons envoyer une lettre a notre ami.
We want to send a letter to our friend.
Vous voulez changer votre argent.
You want to change your money.
Us veulent parler au docteur.
They want to speak to the doctor.
Elles veulent lire un livre frangais.
They want to read a French book.
REMEMBER THIS RULE
In a question, the subject (actor or doer) if a noun, is
generally placed at the beginning of the sentence, the verb
follows, and after the verb comes a pronoun having the same
gender and number as the^ subject.
Le tailleur a-t-il une aiguille? Hac the tailor^ a needle?
La modiste a-t-elle un chapeau? Has the milliner a bonnet?
Literally: The tailor has he a needle? The milliner has she
a bonnet?
52
LESSON 20 (Part 1).
PLACE OF OBJECT POSSESSED. AU, OH, A LA,
AH LAH, A L', AH L AT OR TO THE.
1. Before a masculine noun commencing with a consonant the
preposition a to or at, and the article le, the, are contracted into
au, to the, at the. 2T A le is never used.
Au libraire, To the bookseller.
Au heros, To the hero.
2. However no contraction of A with the article takes place be-
fore a word" commencing with a vowel, or a silent h t and
before a feminine word.
A 1'horloger, To the -watchmaker.
A la dame, To the lady.
3. The name of the possessor must, in French, follow the
name of the object possessed; they are joined by du,, de la, de 1'.
Le fusil du soldat, The soldier's gun.
Le chapeau de la dame, The lady's hat.
L'ecorce de 1'arbre, '1 he bark of the tree.
Literally: The gun of the soldier; The hat of the lady, &c.
MODEL SENTENCES.
Nous avons le gant du We have the gentleman's glove.
monsieur.
Avez-vpus la clef de la porte? Have you the key of the door?
J'ai 1'eventail de la dame. / have the lady's fan.
[1 a parle au medecin. He has spoken to the physician.
Elle a parle a 1' Anglais. Sne has spoken to the Eng-
lishman.
Donnez le livre a 1'horloger. Give the book to the watch-
maker.
Vous avez le cheval du You have the farmer's horse.
fermier.
LESSON 20 (Part 2).
AUX OH- IS THE PLURAL OF AU, A LA, A L'.
AUX (at the, to the) is the plural of au, a la, d, V, and is
placed both before masculine plural and before, feminine plural
nouns, viz. :
Aux livres, to the books.
Aux chateaux, at the houses.
NOTE: Please remember that d les is never used.
MODEL SENTENCE.
!S /
53
J'ai parle aux freres des / have spoken to the ladies'
dames. brothers.
After Completing This Book Continue
Your Study of French With
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by
Justice B. Detwiler
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of $1.50.
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New York City
LESSON 21
VINGT-ET-UNIEME LECON.
(vahn-tay-u-nee-em luh-sohn.)
To form the PAST PARTICIPLE.
1(1) All regular verbs of the FIRST CONJUGATION (those
ending in ER (ay) in the Present Infinitive Tense) form
their PAST PARTICIPLE by dropping the infinitive end-
ing ER and adding (ay). In this manner PARLER
(par -lay), to speak, changes to PARL- (parlay), spoken.
(2) All regular verbs of the SECOND CONJUGATION (those
ending in IR (eer) in the Present Infinitive Tense) form
their PAST PARTICIPLE by dropping the infinitive
ending R. In this manner DORM-IR (dor-meer), to
sleep, becomes DORM-I (dor-mee), slept.
(3) All regular verbs of the THIRD CONJUGATION (those
ending in OIR (wahr) [EVOIR] in the Present Infini-
tive Tense) form their PAST PARTICIPLE by dropping
the infinitive ending EVOIR (evwar) and adding U (w).
In this manner REC-EVOIR (ruh-suh-vwar), to receive,
becomes REC-U (ruh-sii), received.
(4) All regular verbs of the FOURTH CONJUGATION (those
ending in RE in the Present Infinitive Tense) form their
PAST PARTICIPLE by dropping the infinitive ending
RE and adding U (w). In this manner VEND'-RE (vahn-
dr), to sell, changes to VEND-U (vahn-du), sold.
[NOTE: For class exercise the pupil should form the PAST
PARTICIPLE from all the verbs (in the Infinitive)
which are given on pages 51 and 52'.
THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE. .
speak in the PAST INDEFINITE TENSE (which is used
almost exclusively in the French language when speaking
of events of a "past nature") you simply conjugate the
auxiliary verb "AVOIR" (ah-vwar), to have, in the pres-
ent indicative tense, and add to the various persons, of
this verb the PAST PARTICIPLE of the action verb
we propose to make use of.
The Present Indicative of "AVOIR" to have
Singular Plural
'ai jay nous avons noo-sah-vohn
I have we have
a as tu ah vous avez voo-sah-vay
thou hast you have
I a eel ah ils ont eel zohn
he has they (m) have
lie a el ah elles ont el zohii
she has they (f) have
THE USE OF THE PAST INDEFINITE EXAMPLES
ai aime jay ay-may I have loved
li as parle til ah pahr-lay Thou hast spoken
1 a parle He has spoken
1 n' a pas parle He has not spoken
A-t-il Parle? Has he spoken?
N' a-t-il pas parle? Has he not spoken?
55
EXCEPTIONS All verbs of the French language (excepting the
following) form the past indefinite as above described. The following
Hst of verbs, however, form the PAST INDEFINITE by conjugating
6tre (see page 23) (in the present indicative) and adding to it the
These past participles take etre:
Masc.
LlV_lplCS U
Fern.
ctR.r cij
Plun
i c.
ll
Accouru
e
s
run up to
from accourir
Alle
e
s
gone
' aller
Arriv6
e
s
arrived
' arriver
Descendu
e
s
come down
1 descendre
Devenu
e
s
become
1 devenir
Entre
e
s
entered
; entrer
Mont6
e
s
come up
" monter
Mort
e
s
died
1 mourir
Ne
e
s
born
! naitre
Parti
e
s
set out, started
partir
Parvenu
e
s
succeeded
parvenu
Rentre
e
s
come home
' r entrer
Reste
e
s
stayed, remained
' rester
Retourne
e
s
come back, returned
' retourner
Sorti
Tomb6
e
e
s
s
gone or been out
fallen down
[ sortir
tomber
Venu
e
s
come
" venir
The use of e"tre instead of avoir with the foregoing participles con-
stitutes a marked difference in the construction of the two languages.
Ex.
. PAST INDEFINITE EXAMPLES WITH ETRE
Je suis arrive I have arrived
Ilestrentre He has come home
REMEMBER THIS RULE
The Past Participle of any verb when used after any of the persons
(present, past or future) of ETRE automatically becomes an adjective
and must agree in gender and in number with the noun or pronoun
which it qualifies or to which it refers, viz.:
Infinitive Parler (to speak)
Past Participle when used as adjectives.
Parle spoken (m. s.) Paries spoken (m. p.}
Parlee spoken (/. s.) Parlees spoken (f. p.)
NOTE You will note that to form the FEMININE of the MAS-
CULINE PAST PARTICIPLE USED AS AN ADJECTIVE you
simply add (e) to the masculine. To pluralize either form just add
(s). Examples:
(m. 5.) Le mot est parle. (m. s.)
(m. p.) Les mots sont paries, (m. />.)
(f. s.) La langue est parlee. (/. s.)
(f. p.} Les lanues sont parlies, (f. p.)
56
LESSON 22
VINGT-DEUXIEME LECON
(vahn-du-zee erne luh-sohn)
Adverbs
You must add "ment" to the adjective to form the adverb. Add it
sometimes to the feminine form.
Adj. Poll, e (po-lee) Polite.
Adv. Poliment (po-lee-menti) Politely.
Adj. Vrai, e (may) True.
> Adv. Vraiment (vraymenh) Truly.
Ada. Heureux (er-er) , heureuse (er-er s) happy.
Adv. Heureusernent (erersmenh) happily.
Propositions
A To Devant (devvahn) Before.
Dans In Derriere (derryair) Behind.
Sur On Avant (avahn) Before
Avec With Pres de (pray duh) Near.
Sous Under Chez (shay) At the house, shop or
place of
Entre (enhtr) between Pour (poor) For.
Par (par) by Au-dessus de (o dessu duh above
Apres (apray) after Au-dessous de (o dessoo der)
Pres (pray) near under.
Devant means before (of place).
Avant means before (of time) .
Devant la porte In front of the door.
Avant la nuit Before night.
Please note that pronouns following prepositions are :
Singular Plural
Moi (mwah)=me Nous=us
Toi (/wa/z)=thee Vous=you
Lui (lwee)=him Eux (*r)=them
Elle=her Elles=them, /
Conjunctions
Et (a) And Car (kar) For
Alors (allor) Then Ou (oo) Or
Parce que (parss kuh) Because Mais meh But
Interjections
Courage! (kurarzh) Courage!
Garde a vous! (gard ah voo) Look out!
Gare! (garr) Take care!
Dis-donc! (dee deonh) I say!
Halte-la! (allt lah) Halt!
Tout le monde (too luh monhd) Everybody
Tous les ans (too layzanh) Every year
EXERCISE WITHOUT A MASTER
Savez-vous? (savvey-voo) Do you know?
Cettc nuit (sett nwee) to-night.
La semaine derniere (sermayn dairneair) last week.
La semaine prochaine (sermayn proshayn) Next week.
Je ne vous comprends pas (juh nuh voo komprohn pah)
I do not understand you.
Les soldats viennent (lay solda vienn) the soldiers are coming.
Oli voulez-vous aller? (oo voulay voozallay)
Where do you wish to go?
Qui 6tes-vous? (key ait voo) Who are you?
Quel est votre regiment (kel ay votr rezheemohn)
What is your regiment?
Mon numero est (monh niimairo ay) My number is
Nous voulons quelque chose a manger (Noo voulonh kelkehshowt
ah manhzhay) We want something to eat.
Quand dtes-vous arrive? (konh tail voozarreevay)
When did you arrive? (lit. are you arrived?).
Je suis venu il y a deux jours (juh swee venii eel ee ah dii zhoor)
1 came two days ago. (lit. I am come).
II est alle il y a une semaine (Eel ait ally eel ee ah un suhmayn)
He went a week ago.
Us sont nartis il y a trois mois (Eel sonh partee eel ee ah twah mwah)
They went away three months ago.
Du, m. (dii) ; de la, f . (der lah) ; de 1', and des, pi. (day) Some.
Du pain Some bread.
De 1'eau Some water.
Des oeufs Some eggs.
Le lait (lay) Milk.
Le sucre (siikr) Sugar.
Le vin (vahn) Wine.
L'oeuf (itf) Egg.
Les oeufs (laiz-er) Eggs (/not sounded in plur.).
Le cafe (kaffay) Coffee.
Le the (tay) Tea.
Le beurre (burr) Butter
Le sel (sell) Salt.
Le poivre (pwarvr) Pepper.
La moutarde (mootard) Mustard.
La pomme de terre Potato.
In speaking of the weather II fait (lit. it makes) is used for it is.
Quel temps fait-il? What weather is it? (lit. makes it?)
II fait beau temps It is fine weather.
II fait mauvais temps It is bad weather.
I) pleut (eel pleu) It rains.
II neige (eel nayzh) It snows.
Past: II a plu (plu), II a neige (nayzhay)
Also, II fait chaud; il fait froid.
1)1 pleut averse (pleiitaverss) it rains in torrents.
58
LESSON 23
VINGT-TROISIEME LEON
(vahn trwa-see-em luh-sohn)
i)ANS UNE MAISON DE COMMERCE
(dahnz tin may-zohn duh kom-mairs)
VOCABULAIRE
(vo-kah-bu-lair)
Le cheque
La traite
Le tnandat-poste
Le prix
Le courrier
Le telegramme
La depeche
Le catalogue
Le fret
L' express
Le train
Le batimenta vapeur
Le bateau a vapeur
L'automobile loto-mo-beel
La voiture (de place) vwa-tur
Le droit de douane dro-wa-duh-doo-ahn
Le timbre-poste tahmbr-post
La lettre lettr
sheh
trayt
mahnda-post
pree
koo-ree-ay
t ay-lay- gram
day-pesh
kah-lah-log
fray
lex-press
trahn
The check
The draft
The postal money-order
The price
The mail
The telegram
The cable
The catalog
The freight
The express
The train
bah-tee-mehn ah vah-peur The steamship
bahto ah vah-pur The steamer
The automobile
The cab
The customs duty
The stamp
The letter
La lettre recommandee lettr re-com-man-day The registered letter
Le bureau de poste
La douane
La correspondance
La note
L'addition
L'ordre
La commande
La liste
La facture
L'echantillon
La marchandise
La machine a ecrire
La carte postale
bu-ro duh post
doo-ahn
kores-phn-dans
nut
la-dee-see-ohn
ko-mandr
leest
fak-tur
lay shahn-teeleeohn
mar-shan-deez
masheen-ah-aykreer
kart-pos-tahl
59
The post office
The customs house
The correspondence
The bill
The order
The list
The invoice
The sample
The merchandise
The typewriter
The post card
VINGT-TROISISME LECON Continued
EXERCICE
Avez-vous envoye le cheque a votre correspon-
dant de Chicago?
Have you sent the check to your correspondent in
Chicago?
Non, M., j'ai envoye une traite.
No, sir, I have sent a draft.
Voulez-vous envoyer un cheque a votre commis
-voyageur de Boston?
Do you wish to send a check to your traveling sales-
man^ in Boston?
Oui, M. je veux envoyer un cheque a mon commis
-voyageur.
Yes, sir, I wish to send a check to my traveling sales-
man.
Comment voulez-vous envoyer ce cheque?
How do you wish to send this check?
Je veux remettre ce cheque par lettre recom*
mandee.
I wish to remit the check by registered letter.
Quand est-ce que yous avez rec,u cette facture?
When did you receive this invoice?
Ce matin a huit heures.
This morning at eight o'clock.
Est-ce que vous voulez envoyer ces lettres au
bureau de poste?
Do you wish to send these letters to the post office?
Oui, M. tout de suite.
Yes, sir, immediately.
Nous avons rec,u cet ordre par le courrier de ce
jour.
We have received this order by today's mail.
Qui vous a envoye ces echantillons?
Who has sent you these samples?
Le correspondant du Bon Marche de Paris.
The correspondent of the Bon Marche of Paris.
Avez-vous rec.u le catalogue du "Bon Marche?"
Have you received the catalogue from the Bon
Marche?
60
Non, M. mais on m'a envoye la liste avec le prix de ces 6chan-
tillons.
No, sir, but they have sent me the list with the price of these samples.
Avez-rous pay6 le droit de douane pour ces chapeaux?
Have you paid the customhouse duties on these hats?
Oui, M. hier j'ai vendu lea chapeaux aux commercants de
cette ville.
Yes, sir, I have sold the hatst o the merchants of this city, yesterday.
Chez moi on a une depfeche pour votre frere.
In my house they have a telegram for your brother.
Est-ce que vous voulez acheter cet automobile?
Do you wish to buy this automobile?
Quel en est le prix?
What price is it?
Quinze mille francs.
Fifteen thousand francs.
Oui, M. je veux acheter cet automobile pour quinze mille
francs.
Yes, sir, I wish to buy this automobile for fifteen thousand francs.
RULES TO REMEMBER
The parts of the body are usually spoken of with the article, <r. g.,
my head la t&te, when there is no doubt of the possessor. For
example
J'ai mal a la tfcte (lit. I have hurt to the head) I have a headache.
J'ai mal a 1'oeil I have a sore eye.
J'ai mal au bras I have hurt my arm.
In several instances a different verb is used in French from the
corresponding English one. For instance, as already mentioned, I
am hungry is J'ai faim (I have hunger). This is also the case with
several other words:
J'ai sommeil (sommay) I am sleepy.
J'ai raison (rayzohn) I am right. *
61
Turn to
Page F
also to
Page 202
REMEMBER THIS RULE
QUELQU'UN means some body, any body, some one, any one.
J'ai vu quelqu'un. / have seen somebody. Avez-vous rencontre
quelqu'un? Have you met anybody?
NE-PERSONNE is used for nobody, not any body, no one.
not any one. The first word, ne, is put before the verb, ana
the second, personne, after it. Je n'ai vu personne. / have
seen nobody. Je n'ai parle a personne. I have not spoken
to anybody.
EXCEPTION: When personne is the subject, it comes before
the ne. Personne na mon livre. Nobody has my book.
When there is no verb, ne is not used. Qui avez-vous vu?
Personne. Whom have you seen? Nobody.
QUELQU'UN is not used after ne in the sense of not any
one, not any person; PERSONNE must be used.
62
LESSON 24
VINGT-QUATRlfiME LECON
(Vahn-kat-ree-em-luh-sohn
1.
une chambr
tin shahn-br
A room
2. 1'Stage (m)
lay-taj
The floor (of a house)
3. le bain
luh bahn
The bath
4. 1'ascenseur (m)
lah-sahn-siir
the elevator
5. la salle a manger
lah sal ah mahn-jay
the dining room
4. legaz
luh gahz
the gas
7. le bagage
luh bah-gah-j
the baggage
8. le savon
luh sah-vohn
the soap
9. la malle
lah mahl
the trunk
10. 1'eau (f)
loh
the water
11. 1'eau froide
the cold water
12. le journal
luh joor-nahl
the newspaper
13.
e garc on
luh garsohn
the waiter, bell boy, etc.
14.
es escaliers (m)
layz-eskahl-lee-ay
the stairs
151
e petit salon
luh puh-tee sah-lohn
the parlor
16.
elit
luh lee
the bed
17.
escouvertures(f) lay koo-vuhr-tur
the bed clothes
18.
'essuie mains (f)
les-wee mahft
the towel
19. lalumiereelectrique lahlii-mee-air-ay-lek-treek the electric light
20. la clef (or cle) lah klay the key
21. la femme de chambre lah fam duh sh-ahn-br the chambermaid
22. letarif
23. couteux
24. & bon marche
25. journellement
26. chaque
27. loge
28. peu de temps
29. de bonne heure
30. tard
31. tre en retard
32. eveille
33. endormi
34. ouvrez (vous)
35. fermez (vous)
Combien est votre tarif ?
63
luh tah-reef
the tariff
koo-tu
expensive
ah bohn marshay
cheap
joor-nel-mehfl
daily
shahk
each
lo-jay
lodged
pu duh tahft
a short time
early (at a good hour)
tar
late
eh-tr ahn ruh-tar
to be late (of a person)
ay-vay-ay
awake
ahn-dor-mee
asleep
oo-vray
(you) open (imperative)
fuhr-may
(you) close (imperative)
irif?
What is your rate?
lement ?
Four dollars daily.
VINGT-QUATRIfiME LEON Continued.
C'est tres couteux.
It is very expensive.
Non M., pour un bon hotel, c'est a bon marche.
iNo, sir, for a good hotel, it is cheap.
Avez-vous des chambres au premier etage?
Have you rooms on the first floor?
Non, M., les chambres du premier et second
etage sont toutes occupees.
No, sir, the rooms on the first and second floors are
all occupied.
Voulez-vous prendre une chambre au troisieme
etage?
Do you wish a room on the third floor?
Bien, donnez-moi une chambre avec deux lits et
un bain.
Very well, give me a room with two beds and a bath.
Combien de chambres votre ami veut-il?
How many rooms does your friend wish?
II veut trois chambres, deux avec un lit et une
avec deux lits.
He wishes three rooms; two with one bed and one
with two beds.
Ont-elles le gaz ou la lumiere eletrique?
Have they gas or electric light.
Toutes les chambres de cet hotel ont la lumiere
electrique.
All the rooms in this hotel have electric lights.
Y a-t-il un ascenseur?
Is there an elevator?
II y a plusieurs ascenseurs pour tous les etages
There are several elevators to all the floors.
Ou est la salle a manger?
Where is> the dining-room?
Cest la, a droite du petit salon.
It is there to the right of the parlor.
Ou est 1'ascenseur?
Where is the elevator?
C'est la, a g'auche des escaliers.
There, to the left of the staircase.
Dites au serviteur que je veux mon bagage tout
de suite et que je veux avoir de Teau chaude.
Tell the servant that I wish my luggage quick and that
I wish to have hot water.
64
Voulez-vous ouvrir vos malles?
Do you wish to open your trunks?
Oui, prenez la clef; ouvrez les deux grandes malles avec cette
meme clef.
Yes, have the key; open the two large trunks with the same key.
Votre bagage est deja dans votre chambre et il y a de Teau
chaude, du savon et des essine mains.
Your luggage is already in your room and there is hot water, soap
and towels.
L'autre clef est pour les petites malles mais je ne veux pas
les ouvrir jusqu'a demain.
This other key is for the small trunks; but I do not wish to open
them until tomorrow.
Voulez-vous rester ici longtemps?
Do you wish to stay here (a) very long (time) ?
Je veux rester peu de temps, trois ou quatre jours, ou une
semaine.
I wish to stay a short time; three or four days, or a week.
Demain je veux me lever de bonne heure, appelez-moi a sept
heures.
To-morrow I wish to get up early; call me at seven.
M. Faure, est-il loge dans cet hdtel?
Is Mr. Faure lodged in this hotel?
Oui, il est loge dans la chambre numero trois cent, mais il
est endormi.
He is lodged in Room 300, but he is alseep.
Dites-moi si M. Beaujency est ici.
Tell me if Mr. Beaujency is here.
Donnez-moi le directoire de la ville.
Give me the city directory.
Apportez-moi un journal.
Bring me a newspaper.
Faites venir un fiacre.
Call me a cab.
REMEMBER THIS RULE
That (que) must always be expressed in French.
"I hope you received my letter" "J'espere que vous avez recu ma
lettre."
65
FOOD VOCABULARY
hors d'oeuvre, m.
or-duvr
Appetiser
lard, m.
larr
Bacon
boeuf, m.
biif
Beef
au gratin
o grattinh
Bread-crumbs (with)
volaille, f.; poulet, m.
voll-i; poolay
Chicken
canard, m.
kanar
Duck
jus, m.
zhii
Gravy
jambon, m.
shamhbohn
Ham
rognon, m.
roniohn
Kidney
agneau, m.
afi-d
Lamb
gigot, m.
shee-go
Leg of mutton
homard, m.
ommar
Lobster
mouton, m.
mootohn
Mutton
poire, f.
pivarr
Pear
prune, f.
priin
Plum
pore, m.
porr
Pork
pomme de terre, f.
pomnt duh fair
Potato
lapin, m.
Idppahn
Rabbit
,s*uce, f.
so-ss
Sauce
saucisses, f.
so-siss
Sausages
lait et siphon
lay tay seefouh
Soda and milk
sole, f.
sole
Sole
consomme^ m.
konhsommay
Soup (clear)
pot-au-feu, m.
pot-o-fcu
Soup (Fr. ordinary)
frafse, f.
frayse
Strawberry
entremets, m.
enhtr emay
Sweets (puddings)
dlnde, f.; dindon, m.
dinhd dinhdohn
Turkey
veau, m.
VQ
Veal
66
LESSON 25
VINGT-CINQUlfiME LEgON
Vahn-sahn-kee-em-luh-sohn
Le Restaurant
le banquet
la carafe
les legumes
luh bahn-kay
lah kah-raf
lay lay-gum
the banquet
the bottle
the vegetables
le dejeuner
luh day-jii-nay
the breakfast
le the
luh lay
the tea
le potage
luh-poh-taj
the soup (thick)
le second dejeuner
luh seh-gohn-day-jii-nay
le cafe
luh kah-fay
le cigare
the lunch
the coffee
luh see-garr
le dtner
le chocolat
the cigar
luh-dee-nay
the dinner
luh sho-ko-lah
the chocolate
la cigarette
lah see-gah-ret
le souper
levin
the cigarette
luh soo-pay
luh vahn
la pipe
the supper
the wine
* la peep
la nappe
le lait
the pipe
lah nap
the tablecloth
luh lah
the milk
1'allumette (f)
lah In-met
1'assiette (f)
la biere
the match
las-ee-ct
lah bee-air
the plate
the beer
Taddition (f)
le couteau
le pain
lah-dee-see-ohn
the check
luh koo-toh
luh pahn
the knife
the bread
le menu
la fourchette
lah foor-shet
le poisson
luh pwa-sohn
luh muh-nil
the bill of fare
the fork
the fish
le pourboire
le yerre
le dessert
luh poor-bwar
luh vair
luh des-air
the tip
the glass
the dessert
avoir f aim
la serviette
lah ser-vee-et
the napkin
le fruit
luh fril-ee
the fruit
ah vwar-fahn
to be hungry
la cuiller
lah kit-ay
the spoon
le beurre
luh bur
the butter
avoir soif
ah vwar-swaf
to be thirsty
la tasse
la viande
avoir appetit
lah tahs
lah vee-ahnd
ah-vwar-ah-pay-tee.
the cup
the meat
to have appetite
67
VINGT-CINQUIfcME LECON Continued.
passez-moi pass me
inviter to invite
etre invite to be invited
rassasie satisfied (appetite)
se mettre a table to sit down at (table)
quitter la table to leave the table
servez vous help yourself
1'indigestion (f) the indigestion
Voulez vous une table?
Do you wish a table?
Oui, M., nous youlons une table pour quatre.
Yes, sir; we wish a table for four.
Asseyez-vous.
Be seated.
Je veux manger quelque chose. J'ai beaucoup
d'appetit.
I wish something to eat. I have much (a good)
appetite.
La cuisine, est-elle bonne dans ce restaurant?
Is the cooking good in this restaurant?
Oui, assez bonne.
Yes, good enough.
Gargon, apportez-moi le menu.
Waiter, bring me the bill of fare.
Le void.
Here it is.
Que voulez-vous prendre?
What do you wish to have?
Apportez-moi du potage, du poisson, de la
viande, des legumes et du dessert.
Bring nre soup, fish, meat, vegetables and dessert.
Voulez-vous du pain et du beurre?
Do you -wish bread and butter?
Oui, et apportez-moi aussi une tasse de cafe,
une de the, et une bouteille de vin.
Yes, and also bring me a cup of coffee, one of tea, and
a bottle of wine.
Nous n'avons pas de vin. Voulez-vous de la
biere?
We have no wine. Do you wish beer?
Tres bien, apportez-nous deux verres de biere,
Very well, bring us two glasses of beer.
68
'Donnez-moi une serviette, et apportez vite les
plats, les cuillers, les 'fourchettes et les
couteaux.
Give me a napkin and bring the dishes at once; the
spoons, the forks and the knives.
A quelles heures prenez-vous vos repas?
At what hours do you (pi) take your meals?,
Je dejeune entre huit et neuf heures, le second
dejeuner est a une heure, le diner a six heures
et demie ou a sept heures.
I breakfast between eight and nine, lunch at one, and
dine at six-thirty or seven.
Ne prenez-vous pas du potage?
Don't you take soup?
Quelquefois.
Sometimes.
Voici le potage.
Here is the soup.
Servez-vous.
Help yourself.
Merci, passez-moi une assiette.
Thank you ; pass me a plate.
Prenez -garde, le potage est tres chaud.
Be careful, the soup is very hot.
Garc.on, ces cuillers sont pour le cafe, apportez-
nous des cuillers a potage.
Waiter, these spoons are for coffee ; bring spoons for
soup.
QDans ce restaurant il n'y a pas d'autres cuillers.
In this restaurant there are no other spoons.
Pourquoi?
Why not?
Parce que peu de gens prennent le potage ici.
Because few people take soup here.
Je comprends; ils ne yeulent pas de potage parce
qu'il est tres mauvais.
I understand ; they do not wish soup because this soup
is vry bad.
OSTavez-vous pas soif?
Are you not thirsty?
Oui, donnez-moi un verre d'eau.
Yes; give me a glass of water.
69
Jc veux une tasse de cafe au lait.
I wish a cup of coffee with milk.
Voulez-vous des fruits?
Do you wish fruit?
Non, je vous remercie, je n'en desire plus.
No, thank you; I am satisfied.
Donnez-moi une cigarette.
Give me a cigarette.
Je n'ai pas de cigarettes.
I have no cigarettes.
Voulez-vous un cigare?
Do you want a cigar?
Avec plaisir, passez-moi les allumettes.
With pleasure; pass me the matches.
Garcon, apportez 1'addition.
Waiter, bring the check.
Void 1'addition.
Here is the check.
Prenez votre pourboire.
Have your tip.
Voici votre pourboire.
Here is your tip.
REMEMBER THESE RULES
In speaking of age also, the verb to have is used in French.
Quel age avez-vous? (lit. What age have you?) How old are
you?)
J'ai vingt ans I am twenty (years old).
Quel 4ge a- t-il ? How old is he?
II a dix-neuf ans He is nineteen.
(The word ans years must always be expressed in French.)
Celui, m.s. {sell-wee), celle, f.s. (sell), ceux m. pi. (seii), celles f. pi.
(sell) That one, the one, he, she, those (ones).
Ceci (suh-see) this; cela (suh-lah or s'lah) that.
Gelui que vous avez vu est arriv6 He whom you saw has arrived.
Ceci est bon, cela est mauvais This is good, that is bad.
J'ai tort (torr) I am wrong.
70
LESSON 26
VINGT-SIXISME LECON
(Vahn-seezee-em luh-sohn)
Bonjour bohn-joor
Bonsoir bohn-swar
Bonne nuit bun-niiee
Je suis content de vous voir
I am pleased to see you.
Je vous remercie beaucoup
I thank yon very much
Asseyez vous
Sit down
Ne vous derangez pas
Do not trouble yourself
Ce n'est pas la peine
It is no trouble.
Quel dommage!
What a pity!
Je regrette beaucoup
I am very sorry.
Permettez-moi
Permit me.
Mille fois merci
A thousand thanks.
Entrez
Come in.
Avec beaucoup de plaisir
With much pleasure.
Good morning
Good evening
Good-night
juh swee cohn-tehn duh voo vwar
juh voo-ruh-mair-see boh-koo
ass-ay-ay voo
nuh voo day-rahn-jay pah
suh nay pah lah pen
kel doh-maj
pehr-meh-tay-mwa
mee fwa mair-see
ahn-tray
ah-vek boh-koo duh play-zeer
EXERCICE
Bonsoir, Mademoiselle Hlene
bohn-swar-Mahd-mwa-zel-Ay-lehn
Good evening, Miss Helen.
Bonsoir, M . Guilbert, entrez
bohii-swar Mu-su Geel-bair ahn-tray
Good evening, Mr. Guilbert, come in.
Je vous remercie
juft-voo-ruh-mair-see
I thank you.
Je suis content de vous voir, M. G., comment vous portez-vous?
Juh swee cohn-tehn duh voo-vwar Mu-silGay-koh-mohn voo por-tay-voof
I am glad to see you, Mr. Guilbert, how are you?
Tres bien, merci, et vous meme?
treh-bee-ahn-mair-see a y-voo-mehm?
Very well, and you?
71
[Tres bien; donnez-moi votre chapeau et asseyez-
vous.
Very well; give me your hat and sit down.
Ne vous derangez pas.
Don't disturb yourself.
II n'y a pas de derangement; votre soeur, com-
ment va-t-elle?
It is no trouble; how is your sister?
Elle ne se porte pas tres bien.
She is not very well.
Quel dommage! Je le regrette beaucoup.
What a pity! I am very sorry.
Permettez-moi, Mile. H. votre mouchoir est sta-
le plancher.
Permit me, Miss Helen, your handkerchief is on the
floor
Merci beaucoup.
Many thanks.
II fait tres chaud aujourd'hui.
It is very warm today. '
Oui, M-, il fait plus chaud qu'hier.
Yes, sir, it is warmer than yesterday.
Vous etes tres belle ce soir, Mile. H.
You are very pretty to-night, Miss Helen.
Vous etes tres galant.
You are very gallant.
Voulez-vous aller avec moi a 1'opera demain
soir?
Do you wish to go to the opera tomorrow evening?
Oui, M. avec beaucoup de plaisir.
Yes, with much pleasure.
IMerci, Mile. H, et maintenant je dois partir
parce que je veux voir ma soeur.
Thank you, Miss Helen, and now I have to say good-
bye, as I wish to go to see my sister.
Bien, au revoir, M. G. a demain.
Well good-bye Mr. Guilbert, until tomorrow.
72
LESSON 27.
VINGT-SEPTIEME LECON
(Vahn-set-ee-em luh-sohn
PART I
NOTE All French regular verbs have the end-er, or ir, or oir, or
re in the infinitive. All regular verbs are conjugated in the present
indicative by four simple rules, and once these are mastered you will
find perfect conversation an easy matter.
PREMIERE CONJUGAISON
Regular verbs ending in er
RULE 1 About eighty per cent of the verbs in most common use
in the French language end in er in the present infinitive tense and
therefore belong to the first conjugation. All verb's of the first
conjugation except two (aller=to go, and envoyer=to send) are
regular, and form the persons of the present indicative by substituting
for er the endings e, es, e, ons, ez, ent.
RULE 2 The affirmative and interrogative forms are made nega-
tive by placing "ne" immediately before the verb and "pas" imme-
diately after it, e. g.:
Je ne parle pas=I do not speak.
Est-ce que je ne parle pas?=Do I not speak? (Lit. Is it that I
do not speak?)
RULE 3 Pas may be used without ne when there is no verb, viz:
Pas tres bien, merci, madame, je suis faitgue, et j'ai faim et soif.
RULE 4 "Est-ce que" may be used with all forms of the present
indicative to form the interrogative or the interrogative negative.
Est-ce que vous ne parlez pas francais? Ne parlez-vous pas frangais?
Do you not speak French?
73
FORME AFFIRMATIVE
je parle juh pahrl I speak or I am speaking
tu paries til pahrl thou speakest
il parle eel pahrl he speaks
elle parle el pahrl she speaks
nous .parlons noo-pahrlohn we speak
yous-parlez voo-pahr-lay you speak
ils parlent eel pahrl they speak (m)
elles parlent el pahrl they speak (f)
FORME INTERROGATIVE
par!6-je?* parlay-juh? do I speak or am I speaking?
parles-tu? parl-til? dost thou speak?
parle- t-il? parl-teelf does he speak?
parle-t-elle? parl-tel? does she speak?
parlons-nous? parlohn-noo? do we speak?
parlez-vous? parlay-voo? do you speak?
parlent-ils? parl-teelf do they speak (m) ?
parlent-elles? parl-tellf do they speak (f) ?
FORME NEGATIVE
je ne parle pas juh-nuh-parl-pah
I do not speak or I am not speaking
tu ne paries pas thou dost not speak
il ne parle pas he does not speak
elle ne parle pas she does not speak
nous ne parlons pas we do not speak
yous ne parlez pas you do not speak
ils ne parlent pas they (m) do not speak
elles ne parlent pas they (f) do not speak
FORME NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
ne parl6-je pas?t nuh-parlay-j-pah
do I not speak? or am I not speaking?
ne parles-tu pas? dost thou not speak?
ne parle-t-il pas? does he not speak?
ne parle-t-elle pas? does she not speak?
ne parlons-nous pas? do we not speak?
ne parlez-vous pas? do you not speak?
ne parlent-il pas? do they (m) not speak
ne parlent elles pas? do they (f) nto speak?
interrogative ui <m \_unj u&aun.< no 10 i
all persons singular and plural, viz.:
*est-ce que je parle? = do I speak?
fest-ce que je ne parle pas? = do I not speak?
EXCEPTION The e or que is omitted before 11, 11s, elle, and
elles, substitutes an apostrophe therefor to show this omission, viz.:
est-ce qu' il parle? = does he speak?
74
VOCABULAIRE
(voh-kab-tt-lair)
Herewith appended are a number of verbs in the present infinitive
tense which are conjugated like parler. They, therefore, belong to
the first conjugation.
accepter ak-septay
to accept
acheter ash-tay
to buy
aimer ay-may
to love
arriver ah-ree-vay
to arrive
baiser bay-zay
to kiss
commencer cohn-mahn-say
to begin
depenser day-pahn-say
to spend
ecouter ay-koo-tay
to listen
encontrer ahn-cohn-tray
to find
entrer ahn-lray
to enter
frapper fra-pay
to knock
manger mahn-jay
to eat
marcher mar-shay
to walk
payer pay-ay
to pay
porter portay
to carry
ramasser rah-mah-say
to pick up
travailler (tra-val-lay)
to work
RULES TO REMEMBER
In several instances a different verb is used in French from the
corresponding English one. For instance, as already mentioned,
I am hungry is J'ai faim (I have hunger). This is also the case with
several other words:
J'ai sommeil (sommaye) I am sleepy.
J'ai raison (rayzonh) I am right.
J'ai tort (torr) I am wrong.
In speaking of age also, the verb "to have" is used in French.
Quel age avez-vous? (lit. What age have you?) How old are
you?
J'ai vingt ans I am twenty (years old).
75
EXERCICE
Je parle a 1'homme juh part ah lorn
I speak to the man
Tu achetes beaucoiip de livres tii ah-shet boh-koo duh leevr
You buy many books
La mere aime 1'enfant toujours lah mair ehm lahnfahn too-joor
The mother always loves the child
Est-ce qu'elle n'arrive pas ce soir? es-kel nah-reev pah suh-swarl
Does she not arrive this evening?
Nous parlons ici toutes les langues noo parlohft-zee-see toot lay lahn
We speak all the languages here
Vous mangez chez vous mais il voo mahn-jay shay voo may eel
mange au restaurant mahnj oh res-toe-rahn
You eat at home but he eats at the restaurant
Les soldats entrent a huit heures lay soldah zahn-tr-ta-wee-tur suh
ce soir aux Champs Elysees swar oh shahn-zay-lee-say
The soldiers enter the Champs Elysees this evening at 8 o'clock
Elles marchent dans 1'apres-midi a el marsh dahn lah-preh-meedee ah la
la Rue de la Paix et regardent rii-duh-lah pay-zay ruh-gahrd lay
les boutiques boo-teek
In the afternoon they walk in the Rue de la Paix and look at the
shops.
REMEMBER THIS RULE
Do not undertake to talk or write in the present tense by conjugat-
ing ETRE (to be) and adding to the various persons of this verb the
PREvSENT PARTICIPLE of the action word you want to use for
this procedure is wrong. To talk or write in the PRESENT you must
make use of the PRESENT INDICATIVE TENSE. Never say
*'Je suis crivant" for "I am writing." That construction is not
used in French. There is only one form of the Present Tense. "Je
porte" means "I carry," and also "I am carrying." *'Je finis," "I
finish," "I am finishing," "Je recois," "I receive" and "I am receiv-
ing," "J'ecris" "I am writing," etc., etc.
76
VINGT-SEPTIEME LEQON
PART II
SECONDE CONJUGAISON
Regular verbs ending in ir.
RULE 1. About ten per cent, of the verbs in
most common use in the French language
end in ir in the present' infinitive tense and
therefore belong to the second conjugation.
All regular verbs of the second conjugation
form the persons of the present indicative
by substituting for ir the endings is, is, it,
issons, issez, issent.
77
CONJUGAISON DU PRESENT DE L'INDICATIF
Finir to finish
FORME AFFIRMATIF
je finis juh fee-nee I finishor I am finishing
tu finis tii-fee-nee thou finishest
il finit eel fee-nee he finishes
elle finit el fee-nee she finishes
nous fmissons woo fee-nee-sohn we finish
vous finissez voo fee^nee-say you finish
ils finissent eel fee-neess they (m) finish
elles finissent el fee-neess they (f) finish
FORME INTERROGATIVE
finis-je?* fee-nee-jf do I finish or or am I finishing
finis-tu? dost thou finish?
finit-il? does he finish?
finit-elle? does she finish?
finissons-nous? do we finish?
finissez-vous? do you finish?
finissent-ils? do they (m) finish?
finissent-elles? do they (f) finish?
FORME NEGATIVE
je ne finis pas juh nuh fee-nee pah I do not finish or I am not finishing?
tu ne finis pas thou dost not finish
il ne finit pas he does not finish
elle ne finit pas she does not finish
nous ne finissons pas we do not finish
vous ne finissez pas you do not finish
ils ne finissent pas they do not finish (m)
elles ne finissent pas they do not finish (f)
FORME NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
ne finis-je pas ?-\nuhfee-nee-j pah? do I not finish or am I not finishing?
ne finis-tu pas? dost thou not finish?
ne finit-il pas? does he not finish?
ne finit-elle pas? does she not finish?
ne finissons-nous pas? do we not finish?
ne finissez-vous pas? do you not finish?
ne finissent-ils pas? do they (m) not finish
ne finissent-elles pas? do they (f) not finish?
(es kuh juh fee-nee?)
* est-ce que je finis? es kuh juh fee-neet do I finish
f est-ce que je ne finis pas? es kuh juh nuh fee-nee pahf
do I not finish or am I finishing?
79
VOCABULAIRE
Herewith appended are a few verbs ending in ir which are conjugated
like finir. They, therefore, belong to the second conjugation.
agir ah-jeer jouir joo-eer
to act to enjoy
batir bah-teer ., punir pu-neer
to build to punish
choisir shwa-ceer rejouir ruh-joo-eer
to choose to rejoice
finir fee-neer rougir roo-jeer
to finish to blush
fremir fray-meer saisir say-zeer
to shudder to seize
gemir jay-meer salir sal-eer
to groan to soil
EXERCICE
(ex-air-sees}
Je batis une maison juhbah-zun may-sohft
I build a house
Tu agis avec justice til ah-jee-zahvek jus-tees
You act justly
II choisit un chapeau brun eel shwasee-tuhn shah-po bruhn
He chooses a brown hat
Elle finit la legon aujourd'hui
She finishes to-day's lesson
Nous nous rejouissons beaucoup noo noo ruh-joo-ee-sohn boh-koo duh
de vous voir voo vwar
We rejoice very much to see you
Vous punissez les mechants et les voo pii-nee-say lay may-shahn-zay
coupables lay koo-pahbl
You punish the wicked and the culprits
Elles rougissent a ces nouvelles el roo-jees-tah set noo-vel
They blush at this news
Ils saisissent cette opportunite avec eel says set oh-por-tU-nee-tay ah-vek
empressement ehn-pres-mehn
They seize this opportunity eagerly
Je reussis ou les autres ne reussis- juh ray-ii-ssee-zoo lay zohtr nuh
sent pas ray-ii-sees-pah
I succeed where others fail
79
ASKING FOR BED AND BREAKFAST
Je desirerais (or desire) une juh deseereray ziln shombr ah
chambre a coucher kooshay
I want a bedroom
Je suis soldat, je n'ai pas de juh swee solldah, juh nay par de
bagages baggazh
I am a soldier, I have no luggage
Je n'ai qu'un petit sac juh nay kernh pertee sack
I have only a small bag
Void votre chambre, monsieur Vwarci votr shombr, m'syeur
This is your room, sir
Faites-moi monter de 1'eau Fate mwar monhtay der lo showed
Send up some hot water
Faites-moi porter une serviette Fate mwar portay tin sairvyett
propre propr
Let me have a clean towel
A quelle heure est le premier Ar kell eur a le premmeay dayjernay,
dejeuner, le second dejeu- le s'konh dayjernay, luh deenay
ner, le diner?
What time is breakfast, lunch, dinner?
Combien est le diner? Kombienh ay luh deenay
How much is dinner?
Avez-vous du papier a lettre et A way voo dti pap-yay ah lettr ay
des enveloppes? dayzonhvellop
Have you note-paper and envelopes?
Apportez-moi la note Apportay mwar lah not
Bring me the bill
Reveillez-moi a sept heures Revay-yay mwah ah sett eur
Call me at 7 o'clock
A quelle heure le train part-il? Ar kelleur luh trainh parted
When does the train leave?
REMEMBER THIS RULE
Y when placed before a verb means "to it," "to them," and some-
times "there."
Y-allez-vous? Are you going there?
Y-pensez-vous? Do you think of (to) it?
(Remember that the French say "to think to.")
II y est He is there.
ANOTHER RULE TO REMEMBER
En when placed before a verb means of it, of them, some or any.
En avez-vous? (onavvay voo) Have you any?
En voulez-vous? Do you want some?
II y en a (eel ee onnar) There is some.
II n'y en a pas There is none.
VINGT-SEPTIEME LEgON
PART III
TROISIEME CONJUGAISON
Regular Verbs Ending in OIR (EVOIR)
Rule 1. The regular verbs of the third conju-
gation end in EVOIR in the PRESENT
INFINITIVE.
Rule 2. To form the various persons of the
PRESENT INDICATIVE TENSE you
simply drop the ending EVOIR and substi-
tute therefore the endings ois, ois, oit,
evens, evez, oivent.
Rule 3. In the verbs of this conjugation, the c
takes a cedilla (g) when it comes before o
and u.
81
CONJUGAISON DU PRESENT DE L'INDICATIF
Recevoir (ruh-suh-vwar) to receive
FORME AFFIRMATIVE
je regois juh ruh-swa
tu re gois til ruh-swa
il regoit eel ruh-swa
elle regoit el ruh-swa
nous recevons noo ruh-suh-vohn
vous recevez voo ruh-suh-vay
ils regoivent eel ruh-swav
elles recoivent el ruh-swav
I receive or I am receiving
thou receivest
he receives
she receives
we receive
you receive
they (m) receive
they (f) receive
FORME INTERROGATIVE
regois-je? ruh-swa-jf
recois-tu?
regoit-il?
recoit-elle?
recevons-nous?
recevez-vous?
regoivent-ils?
regoivent-elles?
do I receive or am I receiving?
dose he receive?
does he receive?
does she receive
de wo receive?
do you receive?
do they (m) receive?
do they (f) receive?
FORME NEGATIVE
je ne regois pas juh nuh-swa-pah I do not receive or I am not receiving
tu ne regois pas thou dost not receive
il ne regoit pas he does not receive
elle ne regoit pas she does not receive
nous ne recevons pas we do not receive
vous ne recevez pas . you do not receive
ils ne regoivent pas they (m) do not receive
elles ne regoivent pas they (f) do not receive
FORME NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
ne regois-je pas?
ne regois-tu pas?
ne regoit-il pas?
ne regoit-elle pas?
ne recevons nous pas?
ne recevez vous pas ?
ne regoivent-ils pas?
ne regoivent-elles pas?
do I not receive or am I not receiving?
dost thou not receive?
does he not receive?
does she not receive?
do we not receive?
do you not receive?
do they (m) not receive?
do they (f) not receive?
82
VOCABULAIRE
(Voh-kab-ii-lair)
apercevoir ah-pehr-suh-vwar
to perceive
concevoir cohn-suh-vwar
to conceive
percevoir pehr-suh-vwar
to gather, collect, perceive
recevoir reh-suh-vwar
to receive
decevoir deh-suh-vwar
to deceive
devoir deh-vwar
to owe, to have to
EXERCICE
(Ex-air-sees}
Je recois une lettre Juh ruh-swa-zun lettr
I receive a letter
Le gouvernement pergoit les taxes
Luh goo-vair-nuh-mehn puhr-swa lay tahx
The government collects the taxes
Son pere regoit-il le journal tous les jours
Sohn pair ruh-swa luh joor-nahl too lay joor
Does his father receive the newspaper every day?
Nous apercevons la. tour dans le lointain
Noo zah-pair-suh-vohn la toor dahn luh Iwahn-tahn
We perceive the tower in the distance
Elles concoivent avec plaisir cette charmante pensee
El con-swahv ah-vek play-zeer set sharmahnt pahn-say
They conceive this charming thought with pleasure
Us recoivent des nouvelles de leurs parents
Eel ruh-swav day noo-vel duh liir pahr-ahn
They receive news from their parents
Vous percevez le bruit de la rue
Voo pair-suh-vay luh brii-ee duh lah ril
You perceive the clamor of the street
Tu decois toujours tes amis Til day-swa too-joor tay-zah-mee
You always deceive your friends
83
THE WOUNDED SOLDIER
Auiez-mo* Ayday mwah
Help me
Doimez moi a boire Donnay mwah al bwarr
GiVe me something to drink
Ou tes-vous blesse? Oo ait voo blessay
Where are you wounded?
Je suis mouill6 jusqu'aux os Zher swee mou-yay zhuskoze oss
I am wet to the skin (bones)
Je grelotte de f roid Juh grelott duh frwah
I am shivering with cold
Je vous suis bien oblige Juh vous swee bienh obbleezhay
I am very much obliged to you
Vous m'nvez sauve la vie Voo maway so-vay lah vee
You have saved my life
Ou avez-vous mal ? Oo away-voo mat
Where are you hurt?
Bandez-moi la main hanhday mwah lah mahii
Bandage my hand
J'ai la jambe cassee Zhay lah zhanhb kassay
I have broken my leg
Je ne puis marcher Zher may pwee marshay
I cannot walk
Vous avez la clavicule disloquee Voo zavvay lah klaveekule deeslokay
Your collar-bone is dislocated
On va vous porter a 1'hdpital Ohn vah voo portayr ah lopeetal
We are going to carry you to the hospital
Apportez un brancard Apportay zernh bronh-karr
Bring a stretcher
Allez chercher le medecin Allay share-shay luh med'sahn
Go and fetch the doctor
II faut le porter a Thdpital Eel fo luh portayr ah lopeetal
You must take him to the hospital
REMEMBER THIS RULE
The French do not put an article before a noun following ni
in those cases where, in English, the word any may be put
before that noun, without changing the meaning.
II n'a ni ami ni ennemi. He has neither (any) friend no?
(.any) enemy.
84
VINGT-SEPTIfi-ME LEgON
PART IV
QUATRIfiME CONJUGAISON
Regular verbs ending in re.
A small percentage of the regular verbs in
most common use in the French language end
in re in the present infinitive and therefore be-
long t> the fourth conjugation. All regular
verbs of the fourth conjugation form the per-
sons for the present indicative by substituting
for re the endings s, s, t, ons, ez, ent.
EXCEPTIONS. The ending t of the third per-
son singular is dropped after c, d, t.
35
CONJUGAISON DU PRESENT DE L'INDICATIF
Rendre (rehn-dr) to give back
FORME AFFIRMATIVE
jo rends rehn-dr I give back or I am giving back
tu rends tu rehn thou givest back
il rend eel rehn he gives back
elle rend el rehn she gives back
nous rendons woo reyn-dohn we give back
votis rendez voo rehn-day you give back
ils rendent eel rehnd they (m) give back
elles rendent el rehnd they (f) give back
FORME INTERROGATIVE
rende-je? *rehn-juht do I give back?
rends-tu? dost thou give back?
rend-il? does he give back?
rend-elle? does she give back?
rendons-nous? do we give back?
rendez-vous? do you give back?
rendent-ils? do they (m) give back?
rendent-elles do they (f) giv? back?
FORME NEGATIVE
je ne rends pas juh nuh rehn pah I do not give back or I am not giv-
ing back
tu ne rends pas thou dost not give back
il ne rend pas he does not give back
elle ne rend pas she does not give back
nous ne rendons pas we do not give back
vous ne rendez pas you do not give back
ils ne rendent pas they (m) do not give back
elles ne rendent pas they (f) do not give back
FORME NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
ne rende-je pas? "\nuhrehn juh pah? do I not give back or am I not giv-
ing back?
ne rends-tu pas? does thou not give back?
ne rend-il pas ? does he not give back?
ne rend-elle pas? does she not give back?
ne rendons-nous pas? do we not give back?
ne rendez-vous pas? do you not give back?
ne rendent-ils pas? do they (m) not f?ive back?
ne rendent-elles pas ? do they (f ) not give back?
*tRTJLE All regular verbs of the fourth conjugation end in 8
in the first person singular of the present indicative. In order to form
the interrogative or the interrogative negative we simply drop the s
and substitute 6 accented acute (e) for the sake of euphony.
rend-je le livre? X do I give back the book?
ne rend6-je pas le livre? X do I not give back the book?
NOTE For the use of 44 est-ce que" see page 74, bottom.
86
VOCABULAIRE
attendre ah-tehn-dr rendre rehn-dr
to wait, to wait for to give back, return
defendre day-fehn-dr repandre ray-pahn-dr
to defend or to forbid to spread
entendre ehn-tehn-dr repondre ray-pohn-dr
to hear to answer
perdre pair-dr rompre roh-ntpr
to lose to break
pretendre pray-tehn-dr vendre vehn-dr
to pretend to sell
EXERCICE
Je vends des paniers de fleurs.
I sell baskets of flowers.
Entends-tu le son des cloches.
Do you hear the sound of the clocks?
Nous rendons les choses que nous empruntons.
We return the things we borrow.
Vous rompez le pain avant de le manger.
You break the bread before eating it.
Us repondent aux questions avec facilite.
They reply to the questions ea?ily.
Elle perd son aiguille a chaque instant.
She loses cer needle at every moment.
Elles pretendent connaitre 1'anglais.
They pretend to know English.
On defend de marcher sur 1'herbe.
Walking on the grass is forbidden.
87
THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
The IMPERATIVE is formed from the PRESENT INDICATIVE
and presents no difficulties whatever to the student.
By omitting the pronouns (Je) (Nous), and (Vous) the remaining
verb automatically becomes the IMPERATIVE, viz.
FIRST CONJUGATION PORTER To carry
PRESENT INDICATIVE IMPERATIVE AFFIRMATIVE
Je porte I carry porte carry (thou)
Nous portons We carry portons let us carry
Vous portez You carry portez carry (you)
To form the IMPERATIVE NEGATIVE we simply place (ne)
before the verb and (pas) after it, vix.
IMPERATIVE NEGATIVE
Tie porte pas do not carry (thou)
ne portons pas let us not carry
ne portez pas do not carry (you)
NOTE Remember that the above rule applies to active verbs and
not to refleyive verbs.
SECOND CONJUGATION FINIR to finish
"finis finish (thou)
finissons let us finish
finissez finish (you)
THIRD CONJUGATION RECEVOIR to receive
recois receive (thou)
recevons let us receive
recevez receive (you)
FOURTH CONJUGATION RENDRE to give back
rends give back (thou)
rendons let us give back
rendez give back (you)
RULE TO REMEMBER
It has been said that pronouns precede the verbs in French. There
is just one exception, in the case of the Imperative Mood, affirmative.
Then the pronoun follows the verb.
Donnez-moi Give me.
Voyez-le See it.
Regardez-les Look at them, and so on.
LESSON 28
VINGT-HUITIME LECON
(vahn-weet-ee-em luh-sohn
Le Temps Futur
(luh tahn fii-tur)
All verbs have the same endings in the future tenses.
Rule The future tense of a verb in the first and second con-
jugations is formed by adding ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont, to the infinitive,
e.g.:
donner je donnerai
To give I shall give
finir je finirai
to finish I shall finish
In the third conjugation, drop oi from the infinitive ending and
add ai, as, a ,ons, ez, ont, after the last letter of the infinitive ending,
recevoir je recevrai
to receive I shall receive
In the fourth conjugation, drop e from the infinitive ending
and add ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont.
vendre je vendrai
to sell I shall sell
Avoir and etre are irregular, but have the same endings in the
various persons of the future tense as other verbs. ,
Avoir to have
Futur
j'aurai jo-ray I shall have
tu auras tii-oh-rah thou wilst have
he will have
she will have
we shall have
you will have
they (m) will have
they (f) will have
il aura eel oh-rah
elle aura el oh-rah
nous aurons noo-zoh-rohn
vous aurez voo-zoh-ray
ils auront eel-zoh-rohn
elles auront el-zoh-rohn
Etre to be
Futur
je serai juh suh-ray
tu seras tii suh-rah
ilsera eel suh-rah
elle sera el suh-rah
nous serons noo suh-rohn
vous serez voo suh-ray
ils seront eel suh-rohn
elles seront el suh-rohn
I shall be
thou wilst be
he will be
she will be
we shall be
you will be
they (m) will be
they (f) will be
89
LE TEMPS FUTUR
(luh tehn-fiitur)
Donner to give
(duh-nay)
FORME AFFIRMATIVE
je donnerai juh duh-nuh-ray I shall give
tu donneras tit duh-nuh-rah thou wilt give
il donnera eel duh-nuh-rah he will give
elle donnera el duh-nuh-rah she will give
nous donnerons noo duh-nuh-rohn we shall give
vous donnerez voo duh-nuh-ray you will give
ils donneront eel duh-nuh-rohn they (m) will give
elles donneront el duh-nuh-rohn they (f) will give
FORME INTERROGATIVE
donnerai-je?* duh-nuh-ray-j? shall I give?
donneras-tu? duh-nuh-rah-tiif wilt thou give?
donnera-t-il? duh-nuh-rah-teel? will he give?
donnera-t-elle? duh-nuh-rah-tel? will she give?
donnerons-nousMw/i-nw/t-ro/zn-noofshall we give?
donnerez-vous? duh-nuh-ray-voo? will you give?
donneront-ils? duh-nuh-rohn-teel? willthey (m) give?
donneront-elles? duh-nuh-rohn-tel? will they (f) give?
FORME NEGATIVE
je ne donnerai pas I shall not receive
tu ne donner as pas thou wilt not receive
il ne donnera pas he will not. receive
elle ne donnera pas she will not receive
nous ne donnerons pas we shall not give
vous ne donnerez pas you will not give
ils ne donneront pas they (m) will not give
elles ne donneront pas they (f) will not give
FORME NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
ne donnerai-je pas?t shall I not give?
ne donneras-tu pas? wilt thou not give?
ne donner a-t-il pas? will he not give?
ne donner a-t-elle pas? will she not give?
ne donner ons-nous pas? shall we not give?
ne donner ez-vous pas ? will you not give?
ne donneront-ils pas? will they (m) not give?
ne donner ont-elles pas? will they (f) not give?
* est-ce que je donnerai? shall I give?
t est-ce que ie ne donnerai pas? shall I not give?
90
EXERCICE
Je lui donnerai line cravate
Juh loo-ee doh-ner-ay iin krah-vaht
I shall give him a neck-tie
Tu finiras ta lecon de francais a deux heures
Tiifee-nee-rah tah luh-sohn duh frahn-say-zah dii ziir
You will finish your French lesson at two o'clock
II recevra les lettres demain
Eel ruh-seh-vrah lay lettr duh-mahn
He will receive the letters to-morrow
Elle vendra ses bijoux et offrira la montant de 1'argent a la croix rouge
El vahn-drah say-bee-joo ay of-ree-rah luh mohn-t-ahn duh larjehii ah lah
kroh-wa-rooj
She will sell her jewels and give the amount of money to the Red
Cross
Nous choisirons une,montre, une jolie chaine et une belle bague
Noo shwa-zee-rohn-ziin mohntr, iin johlee sh-en ay un bel bahg
We shall choose a watch, a pretty chain and a beautiful ring.
Vous trouverez plusieurs personnes demandant cette situation
Voo troo-ver-ay plu-zee-iir pehr-son duh-mahn-dahn set sit-ii-ah-see-ohn
You will find several persons applying for this position.
Us nous rendront visite apras-demain et viendront dans le nouvel auto
Eel noo rehn-drohn vee-zeet ah-preh-duh-mahn ay vee-ahn-drohn dahn
luh noo-vel oh-to
They will visit us the day after to-morrow and will come in the new
automobile
Elles partiront en voyage pour aller passer 1'hiver a Cuba
El par-tee-rohn-tehn vo-jah-j poor allay passay lee-vair ah Ku-ba
They will start on the way to pass the winter in Cuba
A RULE TO REMEMBER
Singular Plural
Quel, m. (kel), quelle f. (keT) quels, m. quelles, f what? also
which?
Ou'avez-vous? (kaway-voo} What is the matter with you? (lit.
"What have you?"}
91
CLASS EXERCISE
Apply the general rules printed on page 89 to all of the regular verbs
of the first conjugation found on page 75; also to all of the verbs of
the second conjugation found on page 79; also to all of the regular
verbs of the third conjugation found on page 83; also to all of the
regular verbs of the fourth conjugation found on page 87, AND CON-
JUGATE ALL OF THESE VERBS IN THE FUTURE TENSE.
Also use them in their various persons in future tense sentences.
VOCABULARV
Le gateau (gah-toe) cake
La mere (mair) the mother
Le paquet (pakay) the parcel
Le chocolat (shokolah) the chocolate
Les chaussettes (shossetf) the socks
Le savon (sawohri) the soap
Les cigarettes (seegarett) the cigarettes
Le camarade (kamarad) the comrade
Le frere (fraer) the brother
Le matin (mah-tahn) the morning
Le soir (swar) the evening
Dieu (Du) God
La tranchSe (tranhshay) the trench
Le journal (zhoornall) the newspaper
Les journaux (zhoorno) the newspapers
La pluie (plwee) the rain
La boue (booh) the mud
Le tableau (tablo) the picture
SHOPPING
Mr. Soldier, when in France you may desire to tickle your palate
with some food different from the Army bill-of-fare. You enter a shop.
You find a woman always a woman behind the counter. You salute
her. All French women, however modest her station in life, expect
this courtesy.
You "Bonjour Madame."
Madame "Bonjour, Monsieur."
You "Avez-vous quelque chose de bon a manger?"
Madame "Mais certainement, monsieur, que voulez-vous? J'ai de
bons raisins, des prunes, des biscuits, du chocolat."
You "Avez-vous des oeufs, madame?"
Madame "Oui, monsieur, des oeufs tous frais, du jambon, des
saucisses, des "
You "Saucisses. Donnez-moi deux livres de saucisses,
Madame "Une livre de beurre, et une douzaine d'oeufs."
You "Combien, Madame, s'il vous plait?"
Madame "Les saucisses, cinq francs, Monsieur; le beurre, deux
francs cinquante; les oeufs si frais, si frais, ^Monsieur comprend que
je ne pourrais les vendre moins que trois francs la douzaine."
Now you calculate the amount and pay her. And in quitting the
shop, you turn politely to Madame, raise your hand to your cap, and
say "Bon jour, Madame." And the lady will say "Au revoir, Mon-
sieur, merci beaucoup. Revenez un autre jour."
LESSON 29.
VINGT-NEUVIEME LEQON
Vahn-n ii-vee-em-luh-sohn
PART I
To form the PAST DEFINITE TENSE
All regular verbs of the FIRST CONJUGATION form the persons
of the PAST DEFINITE by dropping the er of the infinitive and add-
ing ai, as, a, ames, ates, erent.
Conjugaison du Passe-Defini PORTER (to carry)
je portai juh portay I carried or I did carry or I was
carrying
tu portas til portah thou didst carry
il porta eel portah he carried
elle porta el portah she carried
nous portames noo portahm we carried
vous portates you carried
ils porterent they (m) carried
elles porterent el port-air they (f) carried
je ne portai pas juh nuh portay pah I did not carry or I was not carrying
portai-je? portay- j? did I carry or was I carrying?
ne portai-je pas? nuh portay-j pah? did I not carry or was I not carrying
CLASS EXERCISE
All regular verbs of the first conjugation, including those on page
75, are conjugated in the PAST DEFINITE TENSE exactly like the
above verb PORTER, and should be conjugated in class to-day.
Also as many as possible should be used in sentences.
93
EXERCICE
Je parlai & I'homme juh par-lay al-l'om
I spoke to the man
Tu achetas beaucoup des livres tii ash-tah boh-koo duh leevr
Thou didst buy many books
II arriva ce soir eel ar-ee-va-suh swar
He arrived this evening
La mere aima 1'enfant toujours lah mair ay-mah lahn-fahn too-joor
The mother always loved the child
Nous parlames toutes les Ian- noo par-lam ee-see toot lay lah-ng
gues
We spoke all the languages
Vous mangeates chez vous mais il voo mahn-j-at shay voo may eel
mangea au restaurant manja oh res-toh-rahn
You ate at home but he ate at the restaurant.
Les soldats entrerent a huit heures lay sol-dah ahn-rair ah weet iir suh
ce soir aux Champs Elysees swar oh shanz ay-lee-say
The soldiers entered the Champs Elysees this evening at eight
o'clock
Elles marcher en t dans 1'apres- el mar-shair dahn lapreh-mee-dee
midi de la Rue de la Paix & la du lah rU duh lah pay ah lah plahs
Place de 1'Opera duh loh-pay-rah
In the afternoon they walked from the Rue de la Paix to la Place de
1 'Opera
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Conversation (both questions and answers) such as the above should
be thought out in French by the pupils. Make up these sentences
yourselves and practice with one another aloud during leisure hours.
Do not depend on the book entirely while in the class room and do not
forget all about your French when not in class. Practice only makes
perfect. Constant repetition aloud of all the words and sentences
you have learned will eventually make you perfect.
94
VINGT-NEUVlfiME LEON
PART II
To form the PAST DEFINITE TENSE.
All regular verbs of the SECOND and FOURTH CONJUGATIONS
form the persons of the PAST DEFINITE by dropping the ir or the
re from the infinitive and adding is, is, it, imes, ites, irent.
Conjugaison du Passe-Defini FINIR (to finish)
je finis juh-fee-nee I finished or I did finish or I was
finishing
ui finis til fee-nee thou didst finish
il finit eel fee-nee he finished
elle finit el fee-nee she finished
nous finimes noo fee-neem we finished
vous finites voo fee-neet you finished
ils finirent eel fee-neer they (m) finished
elles finirent el fee-neer they (f ) finished
je ne finis pas juh nuh fee-nee pah I did not finish or I was not finishing
finis-je? fee-nee-jf did I finish or was I finishing?
ne finis-je pas? nuh-fee-nee-j pah? did I not finish or was I not finish-
ing?
CLASS EXERCISE
All regular verbs of the second and fourth conjugations, including
those to be found on pages 79 and 87 are conjugated in the PAST
DEFINITE TENSE exactly like the above verb FINIR, and should
be conjugated in class to-day. Also as many as possible should be used
in sentences.
93
EXERCICE
juh batee zun may-zohii
tii ah-jee-zah-vek jus-tees
eel shwa-zee-tuhn sha-po bruhn
el fee-nee lah luh-sohn oh-joord wee
Je batis une maison
I built a house.
Tu agis avec justice
Thou didst act justly.
II choisit un chapeau brun
He chose a brown hat.
Elle finit la lecon aujourd 'hui
She finished to-day's lesson.
Nous nous rejouimes beaucoup noo noo ray-jooeem bo-koo duh voo
de vous voir vwar
We rejoiced very much to see you.
Vous punites les mechants et les voo pii-neet lay may-shahn-zay lay
coupables koo-pah-ble
You punished the wicked and the culprits.
Us saisirent cette opportunite eel say-zeer set op-or-tii-nee-tay ah-
avec empressement vek ehn-press-mehn
They seized this opportunity eagerly.
Je recussis la ou les autres ne juh ray-ii-see lah oo layz-ohtr neh
reussirent pas ray-ii-seer pah
I succeeded where others did not succeed.
ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY
Elle-meme ell mehm
Lui-meme Iwee mehm
Mange-en manhzh-ohn
Cheri shay-ree
Moi aussi mwar o-see
Chaque shack
Maudites mo-deet
On n'a eu rien que
Rappelle-toi rappett
Nous pensons penhsonh
Les respirateurs respeerarterr
Les boches bosh
L'ennemi ennmee
Les tirailleurs leer-i-yeur
Herself
Himself
Eat some
Darling
I also; me aiso, so am I
Each, every
Wretched (accursed)
They have had nothing but-
Remember
We think
respirators
the Huns
the enemy
the sharpshooters
Note on Pronunciation
Remember, the phonetic pronunciation is written in English spelling.
The same stress should be laid by the beginner on each syllable in
French.
VINGT-NEUVIME LECON
PART III
To form the PAST DEFINITE TENSE.
All regular verbs of the THIRD CONJUGATION form the persons
of the PAST DEFINITE by dropping the infinitive ending evoir and
adding us, us, ut, umes,utes, urent.
Conjugaison du Passe-Defini RECEVOIR (to receive)
je regus juh ruh-sil I received or I did receive or I was
receiving
tu recus til ruh-sii thou didst receive
il recut eel ruh-sii he received
elle recut el ruh-sil she received
nous recumes woo ruh-sttm we received
vous recutes voo ruh-silt you received
ils regurent eel ruh-siir they (m) received
elles regurent el ruh-siir they (f) received
je ne recus pas juh nuhruh-su pah I did not receive or I was not re-
ceiving
recus-je? ruh-su-jf did I receive or was I receiving?
ne recus- je pas? nuh ruh-su-j pah? did I not receive or was I not
receiving?
CLASS EXERCISE
All regular verbs of the third conjugation, including those to be
found on page 83 are conjugated in the PAST DEFINITE TENSE
exactly like the above verb RECEVOIR, and should be conjugated
in class to-day. Also as many as possible should be used in sentences.
A RULE TO REMEMBER
RULE When a French word of more than one syllable ending in
the vowel e precedes a word commencing with any vowel or mute
h the final e of the first word is suppressed and the consonant of the
first word which directly precedes the final e is carried over to the
second word.
97
EXERCICE
(Ex-air-sseess)
Je regus une lettre.
Juh ruh-su-ziin lettr.
I received a letter.
Le gouvernement percut les taxes.
Luh goo-ver-nuh-mahn pehr-sii lay tahx.
The government collected the taxes.
Elle regut le livre.
El ruh-sii luh lee-vr.
She received the book.
Tu degus toujours tes amis.
Tii day-sii too-joor tay-zah-mee.
Thou didst always deceive thy friends.
Nous aperc times la tour dans le lointain.
Noo-zah-pehr-sum lah toor dahn luh Iwahn-tahn.
We perceived the tower in the distance.
Vous perctites le bruit de la rue.
Voo-pehr-siit luh brii-ee duh lah rii.
You perceived the clamor of the street.
Us regurent des nouvelles de leurs parents.
Eel-ruh-siir-day-noo-vel duh liir pahrahn.
They received news from their parents.
Elles congurent avec plaisir cette charmante pensee.
El kohn-siir tah-vek play-zeer set shar-mahn-t pahn-say.
They conceived this charming thought with pleasure.
WARNING
The absolute necessity of reading and of talking French aloud cannot
be too firmly impressed upon your mind. Make up sentences using
all the words you have learned and repeat them aloud. Then read a
half dozen or more pages of this text aloud daily. You must do .this
to accustom your ears and vocal organs to the French sounds. Practice
only makes perfect. One cannot master French simply by pressing a
button. Hard work alone will accomplish the result, but the result is
worth the effort many times. Remember what Napoleon said.
98
LESSON 30
TRENTlfiME LEQON
(trahn-tee-em-luh-sohn)
L'arrivee et le d6part
lah-ret
y ,-vay-ay-luh-day-par
1. le train
luh trahn
the train
2. le voyage
luh vwah-yahj
the journey
3. le billet
luh bee-ay
the ticket
4. le fiacre
luh fce-ah-kr
the cab
5. le cocher de fiacre
luh ko-shay du fee-ah-kr
the cabman
6. le passeport
luh pass-par
the passport
7. la campagne
lah cam-pay
the country
8. le pont
luh pohn
the bridge
9. le guide
luh geed % '
the guide
10. la route
lah root
the way
11. la depense
lah day-pahns
the expense
12. la rue
lah-ril
the street
13. arriver a
ar-ee-vay rah
arrive at
14. aller a
ah-lay rah
to go to
15. fatigue
fah-tee-gay
tired
16. avoir sommeil
ah-vwar som-ay
to be sleepy
17. excedent de bagage
ex-say dahn duh bah-gah-j?
excess baggage
18. loin
Iw-ahn
far
19. pres
pr-eh
near
20. le nord
luh nord
north
21. le sud
luh sud
south
22. 1'ouest
l-oo-ehst
west
23. 1'est
lehst
east
99
EXERCICE
A quelle gare voulez-vous aller, a la gare du
nord, du sud, de 1'ouest, ou de Test?
To what station do you wish to go, to the North Station,
South, West or East?
Je veux quitter par la gare du midi.
I wish to leave by the South Station.
Ou voulez-vous aller?
Where do you wish to go?
Je veux aller a Philadelphie pour voir mon frere.
I wish to go to Philadelphia to see my brother.
Dans quelle direction est Philadelphie, au sud?
In what direction is Philadelphia, South?
[Philadelphie, est-elle loin ou pres d'ici?
Is Philadelphia far or near from here?
'Le voyage est court et la depense est minime.
The journey is short and the expense is slight.
Avez-vous vqtre billet et votre passeport?
Have you your ticket and pass port?
Je n'ai pas besoin d'un passeport et le cocher
du fiacre a mon billet.
I have no need for a passport and the coachman has
my ticket.
Ou est le cocher du fiacre?
Where is the coachman?
II est assis dans le fiacre ayec mon guide.
He is seated on the cab with my guide.
Ou est le fiacre?
Where is the cab?
Le voila, dans la rue pres du pont.
There it is in the street near the bridge.
A quelle heure voulez-vous aller a Philadelphie?
What hour do you wish to go to Philadelphia?
J'irai avec IP premier train a sept heures du
matin.
J will go by th first train at 7 o'clock in the morn-
ing.
100
Je desire arriver a Philadelphia -de borrrre heure
parce que je suis fatigue et'j'ai sommeil. *
I wish to arrive at Philadelphia early because I am
tired and sleepy.
Avez-vous, de 1'excedent de bagages?
Have you excess baggage?
Oui, M. j'en ai beaucoup.
I/ es, sir, I have much.
La route de Philadelphie est tres belle mainten-
ant parce qu'au printemps la campagne est
toute verte.
The road to Philadelphia is very beautiful now because
in Spring the country is all green.
Ce train arrivera dans une heure.
This train will arrive in one hour.
Le train prochain n'arrivera pas ce soir.
The next train will not arrive this evening.
A Philadelphie nous mangerons a I'hotel.
We will eat in the hotel at Philadelphia.
Le voyage commencera dans six heures.
The trip will commence in six hours.
MEMORY EXERCISE
Repeat every noun in this book with the proper article le, la,
I', (the) before them.
Repeat every noun also with un, une, (a) or (an) belo
Put du, de la, de I', (of the, or any, or some) before the
nouns.
Put au, a la, a V , (at or to the) before the nouns.
Place the possessive adjectives votre, notre, before the nouns.
Place the possessive adjectives mon, ma, before the nouns.
Place the demonstrative adjectives ce, cet, cette (this or that)
before the nouns.
101
FINAL EXERCISE
OF ELEMENTARY FRENCH COURSE
The important French Verbs (ETRE to be) and (AVOIR to have
are irregular, but are used constantly in conversation and therefor
should be mastered by the pupil. As a final exercise to this Justice B
Detwiler Elementary French Course they should be conjugated toda:
in class in the PRESENT INDICATIVE, in the FUTURE, and ii
the PAST DEFINITE TENSES.
PRESENT INDICATIVE
ETRE (eh-tr) is conjugated in the Present Indicative on page 23
AVOIR (ah-vwar) is conjugated in the Present Indicative on page 25
FUTURE
Both of the above verbs are conjugated in the Future Tense on pag
89.
ETRE
je f us juh fit
tu f us tu fil
il f ut eel fil
elle f ut el fil
nous fumes noo ftirn
vous futes voofiit
ils f urent eel fiir
. ellesf urent el fiir
AVOIR
j'eus jiis
tu eus tu-iis
il cut eel-ii
elle eut el-ii
nous eumes noo ztirn
vous eutes voo ziit
ils eurent eel ziir
elles eurent el zur
PAST DEFINITE
I was
thou wast
he was
she was
we were
you were
they (m) were
they (f) were
I had
thou didst have
he had
she had
we had
you had
they (m) had
they (f) had
102
MILITARY VOCABULARY
accident 1'accident lak-see-dong
accompany . accompagner ak-kom-pan-yay
action 1'action lac-see-ong
adjutant 1'adjudant la-ju dont
admiral 1'amiral lah-me-ral
advance avancer av-von-say
aeroplane Vaeroplane lah-ay-ro-plahn
aeronaut 1'aeronaute l'ae-ron-ot
after apres ap-pray
against centre kontr
alarm 1'alarme lah-lar-r-m
ally 1'allie lal-yay
alone seul serl
ambulance 1'ambulance lam-bu-lans
ambuscade 1'embuscade lam-bus-card
ammunition la munition lah moo-nee-see-6n
ammunition wagon, .le caisson luh-ka-song
arms les armes lays arm
armory 1'arsenal lar-sen-ahl
army 1'nrmee lahrmay
arrival arrivee ar-ree-vay
artillery >l'artillerie lar-til-eree
assault I'assaut las-so
attack 1'attaque lat-tuck
authorities les autoritees , ,lay zoh-tor-ee-tay
B
bacon le lard In h lar
bad mauvais mov-vay
baker le boulanger luh boo-long-jay
balloon le ballon luh bal-long
bandage le bandage luh bon-dage
barbed wire le fil barbele luh feel bar-bei-ay
barracks la caserne lah cass-ern
base of the army .... la base de l'armee../a/t baz de-larmay
base of supplies la base de provisions. lah baz deh-pro-vee
see-on
bath le bain luh bang
battalion le bataillon luh bat-tie-yong
battery la batterie lah batteree
battle la bataille lah batt-aye
bayonet la baionnette lah bay-o-net
beautiful beau bo
bed le lit luh lee
beer la biere lah bee-air
before , avant av-vong
103
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
beginning commencement kom-mongs-mon
belong appartenir ap-pa r -te-neer
below en has ong bah
besiege assieger as-see-a-jay
betray trahir tra-eer
better mieux mee-yer
between entre ontr
billet le logement luh loge-mong
biscuit le biscuit luh bis-kwel
blanket la couverture lah koo-vair-toor
blockade bloquer bloc-kay
blood le sang luh song
body le corps luh kore
bombard, to bombarder bombarday
boot la chaussure lah sho-soor
bottle la bouteille lah boot-taye
bread le pain luh pang
breakfast dejeuner day-jur-nay
bridge le pont luh pong
bridle la bride lah breed
brigade la brigade lah bree-gade
broadsword le sabre luh sabr
bugle le Clarion luh claar-on
bullet la balle lah ball
butter le beurre luh burr
buttress Tare boutant lark-boo-taan
C
cadet le cadet luh ka-day
camp le camp luh cam
campaign la campagne lah kam-pahyn
camping f aire le camp fair ler kam
canal le canal luh canal
cannon le canon luh ca-non
canteen la cantine lah kan-teen
cap la casquette lah kass-ket
capitulate capituler ca-pi-tu-lay
captain le capitaine luh ca-pee-tain
captive le captif . . . ; luh kap-tif
capture la capture lah captur
carbine la carabine lah kar-a-bin
cartridge la cartouche lah car-toosh
cavalry la cavalerie lah sa-va-leree
cheap bon marche bong mar-shay
chemist le pharmacien luh far-mah-see-ang
cheese le f romage luh fr -marje
chicken le poulet luh poo-lay
child Vertfant Ion-fang
104
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
chocolate le chocolat luh shock-o-lah
church 1'eglise lay-glees
clothes les vetements lay vate-mong
coffee le cafe luh kaff-ay
cold f roid frwah
collar le col luh koll
comfortable confortable kon-for-tabl
command le commandement . ..luh kom-mond-mong
commander le commandant luh commandon
communications .... les communications . . lay commew-nee-ka-
seong
company la compagnie lah compahynee
cook le cuisinier luh quee-zeen-vay
corporal le caporal luh cap-or-rahl
countersign le mot de ralliement. luh mo-de-rall-ee
mong
country le pays luh pay-ee
D
daughter la fille lah fee
day le jour luh joor
dead le mort lermor
debark debarquer day-bar-kay
defeat la defaite lah day-fate
defensive la defensive lah day-fon-seev
defile la defile luh day-fee-lay
dinner le diner luh dee-nay
dirty sale sal
distance la distance lah dis-tonse
ditch le fosse luh fos-say
division la division lah dee vee-seeon
dog le chien luh shee-ang
door la porte lah port
dragoon un dragon . . . un dra-gong
drawers le calegon luh kal-song
drill exercice exer-ceece
during pendant pon-domg
dynamite la dynamic lah dee-na-mee
E
early tot toe
easy facile f ass-eel
egg 1'oeuf lerf
embassy 1'ambassade lam-bassade
embrasure une embrasure eun-em-braseure
encounter la recontre, la melee lah reh-contr lah
may -lay
enemy 1'ennemi leh-neh-mee
engagement I'engagement lan-gahge-mon
105
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
engine la machine lah ma-sheen
engineers soldat du genie sol-dah deu jaynee
enlist s'enroler san-rolay
enough assez ass-ay
enter, to entrer on-tray
entrance 1'entree Ion-tray
entrap attraper, prendre en a-trapay, prawndr on
piege pee-aje
envelop, to entourer on too-ray
escort, an une escorte eun ays-cort
espy, to apercevoir ap-per-say-vwoir
evacuate evacuer ay-vac-coo-ay
evening le soir luh swar
everything tout too
everywhere partout par-too
excavate creuser creus-ay
exit la sortie lah sort-ee
explosive un explosif un nex-plo-zeef
face le visage luh vee-sarje
factor of delay le facteur de delai.../w/i fact-eur deh day
lay
farm la ferme lah fairm
farrier le marechal ferrant . . luh mar-ay-shal f e r-
ron
fencing la cloture lah clwa-teur
file la file lah feel
file (single) file indienne feel andee-enn
fire le feu luh feu
fusilade la fusillade lah fu-suy-ahd
flag le pavilion, drapeau. . luh pa-vee-yon, drah-
po
flag-staff baton de pavilion. .. .bah-ton de pa-vee-
yon
flag, staff-officer's. . .pavilion d'off icier de pa-vee-yon d o f - f e e-
1'etat major syay ^ de lay-tah
mah-jor
flank le flanc luh flang
flanking movement .mouvement de flanc. .nwov-mon deh flang
fodder le fourrage luh foo-rahge
fog le brouillard luh brew-yah
food la nourriture lah noo-ree-toor
forage, to fourrager foo-rah-jay
forage le fourrage lull' foo-raje
forbidden defendu day-fon-doo
force la force lah force
fort le fort luh for
106
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
fortification la fortification lah forr-tee- fee- kah
seeon
fortress la forteresse lah for-ter-ress
forward en avant on na-van
front le front luh fron
front, a wide un front etendu un fron ay-ton-du
frontal frontal fron-tahl
frontier la frontiere lah-fron-tee-er
furlough le conge luh cohn-jay
G
garrison la garnison lah gar-nee-song
general le general luh jay-nay-rahl
general action action generale ac-see-on jay-nay-rahl
german I'allemand lal-mong
girl la fille lah fee
good bon bong
grass 1'herbe lairb
groceries les epiceries lay ay-piece-ree
ground la terre lah fair
guard la garde lah guard
guide la guide lah gheed
gun le canon luh kan-nong
gunner le canonier luh ca-non-nyay
H
hair les cheveux lay shveu
halt! halte! ahlt
ham le jambon luh jom-bong
head la tete lah tate
heat la chaleur lah shar-lerr
helmet le casque luh cask
help le secours luh see-koor
her elle ell
high haut oh
him lui lwee<
horse le cheval luh she-vahl
hospital 1'hopital lo-pee-tahl
hot chaud sho
how much ? combien ? kom-bee-ang
hunger la f aim lah fang
husband le mari luh mar-ree
I
ice ,la glace lah glass
infantry 1'infanterie lan-fon-teree
107
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
infantry charge ....charge d'infanterie . . sharj-dainfantree
inspection 1'inspection lan-spec-seeon
instead of a u lieu de ole-you-deh
interview 1'entrevue lon-trer-veu
invade envahir on-va-eer
K
keep quiet resfez tranquille restay trankeel
Killed tue teu-ay
lance la lance lah lahnce
lancer le lancier luh lahn-see-ay
lieutenant le lieutenant luh leu-te-nahnt
V e -. la vie lah vee
line of communica- la ligne de communi- lah lee-gn de com-
tion cation mu-nee-kah-seeon
line of defence la ligne de defense lah lee-gn deh day-
fons
luggage le bagage luh bah-gaje
M
main body le gros luh groh
man 1'homme loin
many ^beaucoup boh-koo
map ila carte lah cart
march, to marcher marr-shay
meat la viande lah vee-ond
milk le lait luh lay
mine la mine lah meen
moat le fosse luh fos-say
mobilization la mobilisation lah mo -bee -lee sah -
seeon
morning le matin luh ma_tanh
mother la mere lah mare
motor car 1'auto loh-t o
N
nation le nation, la race. . . . luh nah-seuon, lah
rass
navigation le navigation luh na-vee-gah-secon
navy la marine lah mareen
News la nouvelle lah noo-vell
newspaper le journal luh joor-nall
night la nuit lah nwee
108
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
nobody personne pair-son
offensive 1'offensif lof-fan-seef
officer 1'officier lo-fee-syay
official le fonctionnaire luh fonx-yon-air
old vieux vee-yer
only settlement serl-mong
orderly . . . . t ordonnance or-don-nonce
orders les ordres lay zordr
outpost 1'avant-poste lav-ont-post
P
password le mot d'ordre .... luh mow dordr
patrol la patrouille lah pa-trooy
peasant le paysan luh pay-ee-zong
penalty la peine lah pain
petrol le petrole luh pay-trol
platoon le peloton luh pelo-tong
policeman le gendarme luh jon-darm
pork le pore luh pork
post la poste lah post
potato la pomme de terre . . . lah pom-deh-tair
powder la poudre lah poodr
prison la prison lah pree-zong
prisoner le prisonnier luh pree-son-nee-ay
private prive pree-vay
private soldier le soldat luh soll-dah
proprietor le proprietaire luh pro-pree-ay-tair
protection la protection lah pro-tex-yong
public le public luh poo-bleek
punishment la punition lah poo-niss-yong
R
raid 1'assaut las-so
railway le chemin de fer. . . luh shemang-deh-fair
railway train le train luh tranh
railway station. .... la gare lah gar
rain la pluie lah plwee
rampart ie rempart luh rom-par
rank le rang luh ran
ration (horse's) la ration lah rass-yong
ration (man's) la portion lah por-see-yong
rear . 1'arriere I'ar-ree-yerr
rearguard Tarriere-garde lar-ree-yerr-gard
recruit , la recrue lah reh-cruy
recruitment le recrutement lah reh-cruy-teh-monh
109
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
redoubt la redpute laJi reh-doot
regiment le regiment luh ray-jee-monh
reinforcement enroler de nouveau. . on-rolay deh noovoh
repulse un echec un echeck
requisition la requisition lah ray-quee-zee - see
ong
reserve la reserve lah ray-zerv
retirement la retraite lah reh-trayt
retreat la retraite lah re-trayt
retrenchment le retrenchment luh reh-transh mong
revictualling ravitaillement rah-vee-tie-mon
review la revue lah reh-veu
revolver le revolver luh ray-vol-verr
rifle le fusil luh fusee
right droit drwa
road la rue,^ la route .... lah reu, lah voot
rocket la fusee lah feuzay
roll-call 1'appel lappel
S
saber le sabre, 1'epee luh sabr, lay-pay
sack le sac . luh sak
safety la surete lah soor-tay
salt le sel luh sell
salute le salut luh sa-leu
scout un eclaireur un ay-clair-reur
searchlight projecteur electrique .pro-jek-t err ay-layk
treek
sentry la sentinelle lah son-tee-nell
sergeant le sergent luh sar-jhon
servant le domestique luh ' dom-est-teek
shell 1'obus lo-buce
shillings les shillings lay shee-lang
shirt la chemise lah shem-meef
shoe le soulier luh sool-yay
shop le magasin luh mag-e-zang
shot la balle lah bahl
sick malade tnal-lad
siege le siege luh see-age
signal le signal luh seeg-nahl
signpost le poteau indicateur. luh pot-oh an-dee-ka
err
sister la soeur lah sir
skirmish 1'escarmouche les-karr-moosh
soldier le soldat luh sol-dah
squadron 1'ecadron luh ess-kad-rong
square le carre luh ker-ray
station la gare lah gahr
straggler le trainard luh tray-nar
110
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
stranger 1'etranger lay-tron-jay
strategy la strategic lah strah-tay-gee
straw la paille lah pie
street la rue lah roo
strength la puissance lah pwee-sance
stretcher le brancard luh bron-kar
subaltern le subalterne luh suy-bahl-tern
sugar le sucre luh sookr
summer 1'ete tay-tay
sun le soleil luh sol-ay
supper le souper luh soo-pay
supplies les provisions lay pro-vees-yong
support 1'appui lap-pwee
sure sur soar
surgeon le chirurgien luh she-roor-jee-ang
surgical chirurgical shee-rur-gee-kalu,
surprise la surprise lah soor-prees
surrender se livrer seh-leevray
sweet doux doo
sword le sabre, 1'epee luh sabr, lay-pay
T
tactic la tactique lah tack-teek
take the guns prendre les canons. . .prandr lay ka-non
take the position. . .prendre la position. . prandr lah po-see-see~
on
take the prisoners, .prendre les prison- prandr lay pree-sonn*
niers nee-ay
target la cible . lah see-bl
taste .le gout luh goo
tea le the luh tay
tent la tente lah tont
terrain le terrain luh ter-ranh
time le temps luh tong
tired- la fatigue lah fat-tee-gay
tobacco le tabac luh tab-bah
to-day aujourd'hui oh-joor-dwee
together ensemble on-sombl
to-morrow demain. dem-mang
too little trop peu tro-peu
too much trop fro
tooth la dent lah dong
torpedo la torpille lah tor-peey
towel la serviette lah sairv-yet
tower la tour, la citadelle. . lah toor, lah see-tak*
del
trench ,,ila tranchee lah Iran shay
troops les troupes lay troop
111
MILITARY VOCABULARY, Continued
trooper le troupier, cavalier, luh troopee - ay - ka
vahl-yay
trophy le trophee luh tro-fay
truce un armistice un ar-mee-stees
turret la tourelle lah too-rel
V
vanguard 1'avant garde lali-vanJi-gard
vegetables les legumes lay lay-goom
victualling les vivres lay veevr
volley, to fire a Decharger une voice day-shar-jay eun vol
de coups de canons lay deh coo deh ka
(de fusils) non (deh fueu-seey]
volunteer le volontaire luh vol-on-terr
W
wagon le wagon luh vah-gon
war la guerre la/i ghair
war-office le ministere de la luh mee-neestr d
guerre lah ghair
watch (clock) la montre lah montr
white flag le drapeau blanc. . . . luh dralipo blar,
wing 1'aile la-le
winter 1'hiver lee-vair
wound la blessure lah bless-eur
wounded blesse bless-say
wrong faux fo
112
CONVERSATION.
ON THE MARCH
i s there anyone y a-t-il quelqu'un ici ee-ah-til kelkun ee-see
here who speaks qui parle anglais?., kee parl ang-lay
English ?
do you under- comprenez-vous? . . . . kom-pre-nay voo
stand ?
I understand je comprends jeh kon-pran
1 do not understandje ne comprends pas. je ne kon-pran pah
please give m e donnez-moi de 1'eau, don-ay mwa de la
some water .... s'il vous plait* sil-voo-play
Is this the right Est-ce bien la che- Ess bee-ang luh shem-
road to X? min de X? mang deh Xf
it is breakfast time c'est 1'heure du say lerr du day-jeu
dejeuner nay
Where does this D'pu vient ce chem- Doo veeang seh shem-
railway come in de fer ? mang deh fair?
from ?
it is supper time., c'est 1'heure du semper say lerr du soo-pay
we are with the nous sommes avec le noo sor,i savec luh
convoy convoi con-viva
it is dinner time. .. c'est 1'heure du diner, jay lerr du dee-nay
it is tea time c'est 1'heure du the., say lerr du tay
Is it a: Le pont est-il: Le pong ay-teel
bridge?
steel or iron en acier ou fer?... on ass-yay oo fair?
stone bridge?.... en pierre? ong pee-air?
wooden bridge?., en bois? ong bwahf
suspension bridge? suspendu? soo-spon-doof
bridge of boats?. de bateaux? deh bah-toef
the bivouac le bivouac luh bee-voo-ac
Listen and tell me Ecoutez et dites-moi Ay-coot-ay ay deet-
the truth, or I la verite ou je mwah lah vay-ree-
will take you with vous emmene avec tay, oo jeh vooze
me moi am-main av-veck
mwah
where do we rest?, ou nous reposons- oo noo reh-po-son noo
nous ?
Is the bridge un- Le pont, est-il in- luh pong, ay-teel a-
damaged? tact? taktf
have you seen any avez-vous vu des an- avay voo vu day sang-
English or glais ou des fran-
French ? qais ? lay oo day fran-say
Show me where the Montrez-moi ou se Montray_mwah oo seh
bridge ( ford ) trouve le pont (le troove luh pong (le"
(ferry) is gue) (le bac) gay) (luh buck)
have you seen any avez-vous vu desavay voo vu day
civilians ? civils ? see-veel?
I am tired je suis fatigue jeh swee fah-tee gay
on the road en route on root
they are Germans . . ils sont Allemands . . . i/ son oilman
113
ON THE MARCH
,ust we turn to Faut-il pretidre a Foh teel prondr ah
the left or right? gauche ouadroite?. gosli oo ah drwhatf
On voit d'ici toute Ong vwa/i dee-see toot
la contree , . lah con-tray
From here you have
a view of the
whole country. . .
here is a river. . . .
is there a bridge?.
a pontoon bridge. .. ponton
is the road hilly?. . . est-ce que
voici une riviere .... vwa-see une ree-vlerr
y a-t-il un pont? ee-ali-til un pon
pon-ton
la route uy-se-ke lah root
monte ? mont
my horse is tired., mon cheval est mon she-val ay fah-
fatigue ti-gay
How far is it from A quelle distance Ah kell dis-tonse ay-
here? est-elle d'ici? .... tell dee see?
what is the name comment s'appelle corn-won sap-pel set
of this place?... cette place? plahs
Where is the town? Ou se trouve la Oo ser troov lah veel?
ville?
I want to sleep.... je veux dormir jeh veh dor-meer
is it far? cst-ce loin? ays hvan
Is the road pratic- Est-ce quc ic cnemin Ess kur luh shem-
able for artillery?
Is it sandy (clay-
ey) (boggy)?
est praticablc pour
1'artillerie? Est-il
sablqnneux) (nrgi-
leux) (mareca-
geux) ?
inang ay pratt-ee-
karbl poor I'ar-
teel-reef Ay-teel
sab-lon-ner (ar-jee-
Icu) (mar-ay-kaf-
jcu) ?
please give me donnez-moi a manger, don-nay mwa all man-
some food s'il vous plait . . . jay sil-voo-play
I want to smoke. . . . je veux fumer jeh veu fuy-may
have you heard any avez-vous entendu avay voo san-tan-duy
guns? les canons? lay ka-non
Point out the direc- Montrez la direction Montray lah dee-rex-
tion with your avec la main yong av-veck lah
hand mang
have you seen any avez-vous vu des avay TOO vu day say-
scouts? eclaireurs? clay-rer
Only a small de- Seulement un petit Sel-mont cun pet-tee
tachment detachement day-tash-mong
It is raining heavily. II pleut a verse Eel pleu tah vairse
\ have seen some of j'ai vu de nos horn- jay vhu de no som
our men mes
Apen country pays expose pay-yees ex-po-say
is the road level?. .. est-ce que la route ay-seh-keh lah root cv
est plate? Haht
my horse is lame ..mon cheval boite ...mon she -ral bwaht
Is there much snow Y a-t-il . beaucoup de Ee ah-teel bo-koo def
here in winter?.. neige ici en hiver: nayje ee-see ong ee*
vairf
Can you vouch for Pouvez-vous repon- Poo-vay voo ray
the guide? dre du guide?.... pondr doo gheed*
114
ON THE MARCH
through the gate... a travers la grille. .. ah traverr lah gree
at a farm a une ferme ah une ferrm
by a church pres d'une eglise. . . . pray duyn ayg-leez
the end of the la fin d'un voyage lah fan dun vway-
journey ahge
we stay here to- nous restons ici cette noo res-ton ee-see set
night nuit nwee
it is dark il fait nuit il fay nwee
daybreak, at au point du jour. . . . o pwan du joor
sunrise le lever du soleil luh te-vay du sol-lay
are we going north allons-nous au norda//on noo o nor oo
or south ? cu au sud ? suyd
What does he look Quel air a-t-il ct Kelt air ah-teel _
like and what is quel est son nom?. kell ay son nom?
his name ?
my horse has cast mon cheval a perdu man she-val a /> t
a shoe un fer du un fair
1 want some hay...je veux du foin jeh veu du fawn
I want some oats . . j e veux de 1'avoine . . j c h veu de lali-vwai
saddle the horses !.. sellez les chevaux! . ..scl-lay lay she-vo
picket the horses ! . . mettez les chevaux met-tay lay she-vo an
en piquet! pee-kay
they are coming ils viennent par ici..7 vee-en par ee-see
let us gallop*. '.'.'.... allons au galop k . ... al-lon so gal-h
trotting au trot tro
up the hill monter la collme . . mon-tay lah kol-leen
down the hill descendre la colline. . des-sandr lah koh-leen
are there woods? . .y a-t-il des bois ? . . . . ee-ar-tu day bwah
they are Belgians. .. ils sont Beiges il son Beige
The footpath is Le sentier est tres luh son-tee-ay ay trav
very difficult and difficile et tres diff-ee-seel ay trav
bad; if you take mauvais; si vous mo-vay; see voo
the carriage road prenez le chemin pren-nay luh shem*
(high 'road) you canossable (la mang carross-arbl
will arrive at grand route vous (lah gr O nd root
least y z hour ariverez aux vooze arr-ee-vrav
sooner moms une demie- oh mwang soon
heure plus tot demmee err ploo
to
they are English. .. ils sont Anglais eel sonh sang leh
they are French. ... ils sont^Frangais ....il son Fran-say
is it far to the next est-ce-loin au pro- ess-se-l o owan o pro
village? chain village? . . . . . shan villahge
we are Americans nous_ sommes Ameri- noo-sum-zah-may- ree*
cains calm
Would it be possible Serait-il possible^pour Sray-teel poss-eebl
for the troops to les troupes d'aller poor lay troop da'-
go across country a travers champs, lay ah tra-vair
instead of going au lieu de faire un shorn, ole-you deh
round ? detour ? fair eun day-tor?
115
ON THE MARCH
It is not here; it is Ce n'est pas ici; c'est Sc nay pali zee-cee
opposite en face say tong fass
isnow me the house.. Montrez-moi la mai- Mon-tray mwah lah
_^ *r>n rna\-song
Does Mr. M. live Monsieur M., est-il Moss-yer M. t ay-teel
here ? ici p .... ec-see
Are there any Ger- Y a-til des troupes Ee ah teel day troops
man troops in the aPemandes dans le al-tnond dong lull
village? wood? village? le bois? rcel-aje? I eh bwaht
town? la yille? lah veelf
how rr-any kilome- combien de kilome- kan-b\an deh kee-lo-
tres? tres? maytr
is the road safe?. . . . l a route., est-elle lah root ay tel suyr
sure ?
do we cross any traversons - nous des tra-verr-son noo day
rivers ? fleuves ? flcv
BILLETING
billet officer officier de billets de of-fee-se-ay deh bi-ay
logement deh loge-mon
quarters des billets de logement day bi-ay deh loge-
mon
Where are the oats? Ou est 1'avoine? Oo ay I'av-ivunf Don-
Give me 3 sacks. Donnez-moi trois nay mwah trwak
sacs sack
The. hay (straw) is Le foin (la paille) Leuh fwang (lah pie~]
bad, fetch some est mauvais (mau- ay mo-vay (mo-
better vaise) ; cherchez vays) ; shair-shay
du meilleur deu may-err
this town must ac- cette ville doit caser set ml dwa kali-say
commodate hommes om
men
Tell the boy to take Dites au gargon de Deets oh gar-song
this letter and to porter cette lettre deh por-tay set Icttr
wait for an answer, et d'attendre une ay dat-to'ndr oon
reponse ray-pons
is there a church... y a-t-il une eglise?. . . ce-ah-til une ay-&ees
is there a mansion ?y a-t-il une maison ee-ah-til une may-son
(un chateau)? .... ( shah-to)
how many rooms?. . combien de chambres?r3m->-an deh sham
br
unharness the detelez les chevaux!. day-te-lay lay she-vo
horses !
bridle la bride (le frein) . . . Inh breed (In '' fran}
Get some hay Cherchez vite du foin Slinir-sfiay feet deu
quickly and some et de la paille; il fwang ay t'h lah
straw; the horses faut que les che- H*; fl foh ku
must have good vaux aient une lay shvohs ^ ay oon
bedding bonne litiere bon lett-yair
116
BILLETING
is there a public y a-t-il une chambre eh-ah-til une shambr
room ? generate ? jay-nay-rchl
Wake me when din- Reveillez-moi quand R ay -vay-y ay mwah
ner is ready le diner sera pret hong luh dee-nay
ser-ah pray
is there an inn? y a-t-il un cabaret?. . ee-ah-til un kah-bah- '
ray
tea and sugar le the et du sucre...//i toy ay du sucr
milk le lait luh lay
When will he be Quand est-ce qu'il Kont ees keel ser-ah
back? sera de retour?. .. . deh ret toor?
a loaf of bread une bouteille de vin.wn pan
a bottle of wine.... une bouteille de biere.'me boo-taye de -van
a bottle of beer un pain une boo-taye de bee-
err
It is time for me to II est temps que je Eel ay long ku je
dress m'habille mab-bee
some meat de la viande, s'il vee-and, sil voo
vous plait play
something to eat. . quelquechose a kel-keh shos ah man-
manger jay
He is already at the II est deja au bout Eel ay day-jah oh boo
end of the street. . de la rue de lah roo
To whom does this A qui appartient ces Ah kee ap-par-tee-ang
vegetables belong . . legumes say lay -gum
Bring me some- Apportez-moi vite Ap-por-tay mwaJi veet
thing to eat quelque chose a kell-kc-sliose ah
(drink) quickly.. manger (a boire) . . mon-jay (bwar)
Now I will sleep for Maintenant je dor- Man-ter-nong jell dor-
an hour mirai une heure... mee-ray oon err
salt, pepper, mus- le sel, le poivre, la luh sel, luh pwavr ,
tard moutarde lah moo-tard
we shall stay for nous aliens rester noo sal-Ion res-tay
days pendant jours pan-dcm joor
Tell them to bring Faites porter de Fett por-tay de lo
me some water to 1'eau pour me la- poor meh lav-nay,
wash with, a ver, une serviette oon ser-vee-ett, ay
towel and soap... et du savon den sav-ong
we are going to nous allons a . . noo sal-Ion sah
Which is my bed- Quelle est ma cham- Kell ay mah shombr
room? bre a coucher?.... ah koo-shay?
Are you the proprie- Etes-vous le proprie- Ayt-voo luh pro-pree-
tor of this taire de cette mai- ay-tair deh set may-
house? son? zongf
What is your Quel est votre nom? Kell ay votr nom?
name?
We are billeted on Nous sommes loges Noo som lo-jay shay
you chez vous voo
He^e are our billet- Voici nos billets de Vwah-see r>o bee-yay
ing orders Icgement deh loje-mong
117
BILLETING
traces les traits lay trai
reins les brides l ay breed
this village must ce village doit caser S cr vee-lahge diva
accommodate hommes .... kah-say om
men ^
I want quarters for je veux des loore- jer veu day loge-mon
officers ments pour les p O cr day sof-fce-
officiers see-ay
There Is not room Jl n'y a ^pas de la Eel nee ah pah deh
in it for 5 horses, place ici pour cinq l a h plarss ee-see
cheyaux ......... pour sang shvoh
is there a school- y a-t-il une chambre ee-ah til une shambr
room ? de classes? deh klass
billet, to loger lo-jay
Bring me a blanket. Apportez-moi une Ap-por-tay mwah eun
couverture koo-vair-toor
I want acvommo- je veux caser jeh veu kah-say
dation for hommes om
men
have you a barn ? . . . avez-vous une grange ? avay voo seun grange
have you a shed?. . avez-vous une avay voo zeun av-
etable? (or un tahbl (or un on-
hanger)? gar)?
Open the doors Ouvrez les portes O-vray lay port (lay
(windows) (les fenetres) .... feh-naytr)
breakfast Ie dejeuner luh day-je-nay
lunch le gouter luh goo-tay
dinner le diner luh dee-nay
tea le the luh tay
supper le souper luh soo-pay
please give me donnez-moi de la don-nay mwa deh lah
we have been well on nous a bien on noo sail bee-an
treated _ traites tray-tay
thanks for your je vous remercie pour jeh voo re-mer-see
hospitality votre hospitalite . . poor votr os-pec-ia-
iee tay
do you know where savez-vous ou il y a savay-voo oo il ee nh
there is a news- une salle de une sull de lee
room? lecture? hiyr
we are staying at nous restons a noo res-ton zah
I wish to see an je desire voir un jeh day-sir vwar eun
English paper .. journal anglais .... joor-nahl ang-lay
is there good news?les nouvelles, sont lay noo-vel, son tel
elles bonnes? bonn
is there bad news?. les nouvelles, ^sont lay noo-vel, son tel
elles mauvaises? .. mo-vays .
the report is not le rapport n'est pas luh rah-por nay pan
confirmed verifie vay-ree-fee-ay
tell me the particu- en dites-moi les en dect mwa lay dav-
lars of it details tahye
118
BILLETING
I will get up now. . . Je me leyerai main- JeJi meh le-vray
tenant mant-nong
how many beds? . . . combien de lits? . . . .com-uee-ati df Ice
This stable is too Cette ecune est tropS&t ay-ku-ree ay troh
small petite per-teet
I want my meals... je veux mes repas.. jer veu may re-pah
I think it is je l.e crois jeh lull krwa
the baggage wagon .wagon de bagage vah-gon deh bah-
gunge
the stores le depot luh day-po
the ammunition ...la munition /t/'t in:tv nee see-on
the pontoons les pontons lev pan-ton
the tents les tentes lay tant
harness the horses! . atteez les chevaux!. . ah-te-lay lay she-vo
have you a stable?, avez-vous une ecurie? avay voo seun ay-kay-
rce
Where is the Ou est 1'ecurie? Oo ay lay-ku-ree?
stable?
have you fodder avez-vous du avay voo du foo-rahge
and straw ? f outrage et de la ay deh lah pahye
paille?
I want quarters for je veux des loge- jer veu day loge-mon
men ments pour des poor day zom
hommes
we must cook il faut faire la il fo fair lah kwee-
cuisine seen
tell me how it took dites-moi comment aeet mwa coin-in on
place? cela a eu lieu se-lah ah uy lee-e
is that true? c'est vrai ? say vray
Are there any let- Est-ce qu'il y a des Ees keel ee ah daj
ters for me? lettres pour moi?.. lettr poor mwah?
ON CONVOY
going on convov. . . . aller en convoi ull-lay en kon-vwa
Horse (field) Artillerie a cheval Ar-teel-ree ah shvall
(foot) artillery?.. (montee) (a pied) ? (mon-tay) (ah pee-
ay)f
wikA you volunteer voulez vous vous voo-iay voo voozof
for convoy? offrir pour le -frir poor luh kon-
convoi ? vwa
Were they dis- Etaient-elles a pied Ay-tay tell ah pee-ay
mounted or oua cheval ? oo ah shwall f
mounted ?
Of what branch of De quelle arme? Deh kell arm?
service ?
Rifles? Mounted Chasseurs a pied? Shass-ers ah pee-ay f
rifles? Chasseurs a chev- Shass-ers ah shvall f
al?
119
ON CONVOY
Did you meet hos- Avez-vous recontre Av-vay voo rong-con-
tile troops or pa- des troupes ou des tray day troops oo
trols? patrquilles enne- day pat-trooes enne-
mies? mee?
light a fire allumer un feu il-lu-may un feu
What have you Ou'avez-vous vu?. . . .Kav-vay voo veu?
seen ?
it is a short journey c'est peu de distance say pen deh dis-tans
Were there heavy Y avait-il aussi de he av-vay tcel oh-see
guns as well? ... gros canons? del-groh kan-nong?
Where did you come D'ou venez-vous? ...Doo ven-ay voo?
from?
it is a long journey, c'est un long voy- say tun Ion v-wa-ee-
age ahge
it is dangerous ....c'est dangereux ....say dan-jer-reu
the enemy's scouts . les eclaireurs en- lay ay-clay-rerr eh
nemis ne-mee
To what Army A quel Corps d'armee Ah hell kore darm-ay
Corps (Division) (quelle Division) (kell Dee-vees-ee-
< regiment ) do (q u e 1 regiment) ong) (kell ray-jee-
they belong? appartiennent-ils?. . mong) ap-par-tee-en-
teelf
some firewood du bois a feu. . . ^ . .deu bwa-a-feu
get ready ! appretez-vous ! up-pray-tay voo
they are hiding ils se cachent il se hash
let us halt arretons-nous ar-ray-ton noo
let us have a meal. . mangeons mon-jon
let us have a drink . . buvons bu-von
How many guns and Combien de canons Kom-bee-ang der kan-
machine-guns had et de mitrailleuses nongs ay deh mee-
they ? avaient-elles? try-ooze av-vay tell?
How many men do A combien d'hommes Ah k o m-b e e-a n g
you reckon them estimez-vous 1 e domms ess-tee-may
at altogether?... tout? voo luh too?
What numbers had Quels numeros por- Kell new-mair-oh por-
they "on their taient-ils sur les tate-eel soor lay pat
shoulder straps?, pattes d'epaule?. . . . day-pole ?
the rear guard 1'arriere garde lah-ree-err gard
ambulance wagon . . le wagon ambulance, luh vah-gon an-bu-lans
the enemy is near . . 1'ennemi est pres. . . .lay-ne-mee ay pray
look out ! attention ! ah-ten-see-on
is there any cover? .y a-t-il de 1'abri?. . .ee-ah-til de lah-bree
there is a wood il y a un bois il-ee-ah un biva
Have German Des troupes alle- Day troops Al-mond,
troops been quar- mandes, ont-elles on-tell kon-tonn-
tered here lately? cantonne ici re- ay ee-see ray-sam-
cemment? mong?
the advance guard. .1'avant garde Icih-van gard
Were they infantry Etait-ce de Tin- Ay-tayss deh Ian
or cavalry ? f anterie ou de la fon-tree oo der lah
cavalerie ? cav-al-reef
the enemy is draw- 1'ennemi recule lay-n^r^mee rer-kuyl
120
ON CONVOY
a flank attack une attaque de fianc.une at-tuk deh flan
How many hours Combien d'heures a Kom-bee-ang derrs
did the passage of dure le defile des ah doo-ray leh day-
the troops take?. troupes? feel-ay day troop?
there is a farm- il y a une f erme . . . . il-ee-ah une fairm
house
Is the village on Le village, sur cette luh veel-aje soar
that hill occupied hauteur, est-il set oh-terr, ay-teel
by the Germans, occupe par les ok-hoo-pay par lays
and has it been Allemands, et a- Al-mongs, ay ah-
put in a state of t-il ete mis en teel ay-tay mees ong
defence? etat de defense?... ay-tan deli day-
fongsef
a frontal attack une attaque de face.ww* at-tak deh fass
stand by your restez pres de vos res-tay pray deh vo
horses chevaux she-vo
the road is clear .... la route est libre. . . . lah root ay lee-br
a rear attack une attaque par der- une at-tak pahr den
riere ree-err
When and 'where Quand et ou avez- Kont ay oo av-vay voo
did you see the vous vu les avant- voo lays av-vong
German out- postes allemands?. . possts al-mong?
posts?
we can go on nous pouvons con- noo poo-von kon-te.?-
tinuer nuy-ay
We will pass the Nous passerons la Noo pass-rong lah
night here nuit ici nwee ee-see
Is there a forge in Y a-t-il une forge Ee ah-teel oon forje
this place? dans cet endroit?.. dong set on-drwah?
Where does the Ou demeure le for-Oo der-merr luh far-
smith (farrier) geron? jer-ong?
live ?
Take me to him. . . . Conduisez-moi chez Kon-dwee-zay mwah
)ui shay Iwee
My horse has cast a Mon cheval a perdu Mong shvall ah pair-
shoe; you must un fer; il faut le doo eun fair; ee
shoe him at once. referrer de suite... foh luh ref -fair-ay
dep sweet
This shoe is loose; Ce fer ne tient pas; Seh fair nep tee-ang
it wants 2 nails.. il y manque deux pah; eel ee monk
clous deu kloo
Be careful not to Attention de ne pas At'-tong-see-ong deh
injure the horse., blesser le cheval... neh pah bless-ay
leh schvall
Where can we wa- Ou pouvons-nous Oo poo-vong noos ab-
ter the horses?... abreuver les che- breu-vay lay shvoh
vaux?
Over there in the La bas dans le ruis- Lah-bah dong luh
stream, close to seau, pres due pont. rwee-so, pray doo
the bridge p ong
121
ON CONVOY
Bring a bucket, Apportez un seau, Ap-por-tays eun seo
because the river parce que 1'eau de parss-kur lo deh lah
water is too cold. la riviere est trop ree-vee-air ay troh
froide frward
Where can I find a Ou trouverai-je un Oo troo-vrayjeh un
basket (ladder) ?. panier (une pan-nay (oon av-
echelle)? shell) ?
Smoking: in the Defense de fumer Day-fong^e deh feu
stable is forbid- dans 1'ecurie may dong lay-teu-
den ree
The wheelwright is Le charron est dans hih shar-rong ay
in the first street la premiere rue a dong Ian pre-me-
on the right ^ droite aire roo ah drwaht
Have any troops Est-ce que des trou- Ess ku day trop
passed through pes ont passe par zong pah say par
here? ici? ce-see?
Were they Germans, Etaiente-ce des Alle- Ay-tayss days Al-
Frenchmen or mands, des 1'ian- moiig, day Prong-
Englishmen? .... c.ais ou des An- say oo days Ong-
glais? gluy?
How many days II y a combien de Eel-ee-ali kom-bee-
( hours) ago? ... jours (d'heurcs) ?. . u/<^ deh joors
(derr) ?
Show me with your Indiquez-le avec Ics An-dee-kay lay av-
fingers doigts veck lay dwah
Take me to Conduisez-moi: Kon-dwee-zay inivali
the town hall .... a la Mairie ah lah Mair-ee
the post olnce... au bureau de oh booli-roh der
Poste Posst
the telegraph au bureau de tele- oh boo-roh der tay-
office graphe lay-gralif
Let someone fetch Qu'on cherche le Kong shairsh Ink
the schoolmaster.. maitre d'ecole .... maytr day-koll
He lives close to the II demeure pres de Eel dem-err pray deh
Post Office la poste Jah posst
What is the name of : Comment s'appelle: Kom-mong sap-pell'.
this place? cette localite? .... set local-ee-tayf
this town? cette ville? Set veel?
this village? ce village? sc vcel-aje?
this farm? cette ferme? set fair in?
this estate? cette propriete? ... set pro-prce-ay-tay?
this street? cette rue? set roo?
How deep is this Ouelle profondeur a Kel pro-fon-der ah
(river) stream?. ." cette riviere (ce s ?t reeve-yair (seh
ruisseau) ? rwee-so) ?
Is it possible to Peut-on passer a Per-ton pah-say ah
walk (ride) pied (a cheval) pee-ay (ah shi'all)
(drive)? (en voiture) (en (ong vwah-toor}
(motor) there?. . . auto) ? (ong oh-toe} ?
Is this wood thick? Cette foret, est-elle Set for-ay ay-tell ay-
epaisse? pace?
Are these meadows Ces prairies sont- Say prair-ee son-tell
boggy ? elles marecage uses? mar-ay kah-jerze?
122
ON THE TRAIN
is this the train? . .est-ce le tram? ays luh tran
when does the train quand va le train ?..kan vah luh tran
start?
give me a ticket donnez-moi un billet donnay mwa un bt-ay
for pour poor
station la gare lah gahr
station-master le chef de gare luh sheff deh gahr
guard le chef de train luh scheff deh tran
porter le portefaix luh por-te-fay
luggage van le wagon de bagage..^"/* vah-gon deh bah-
gahge
horse-box le wagon-ecurie .....luh vah-gon ay-kuy-
ree
One o'clock Une heure Oon-err
A quarter past one. Une heure et quart. , Oon-err ay kar
Five minutes past Deux heures cinq. . .Deuz-err sank
two
A quarter to three.. Trois heures moins Trwa-serr mivan-zeun
un quart kar
Ten minutes to four. Quatre heures moms Katr-&rr mwang deess
dix
Half past six Six heures et demie. Sees-err ay dem-mee
Half an hour Une demi-heure Hum dem-mee err
a nose-bag une musette une muye-set
lights out eteindre la lumiere. .. a y.-tandre lah luy-
mierr
reveille le reyeil ray-vaye
i am a sentry je suis la sentinelle . . j e h swee lah son-tee
nel
we are a patrol nous sommes une noo som une p a h.
patrouille trooy
I shall leave early Je pars demain de Jeh par der-mang det
to-morrow bonne heure bonn err
I want to wash je veux me laver. . . .jeh reu meulah-vay
I want to shave. . . . je veux me raser. . . .jeh veu meu ah-vay
is it an alarm? une alarme? une ah-larrm
I shall be back in Dans une heure je Dans oon err jeh ser-
an hour serai de retour.... ay deh ret-tour
is the enemy near?. 1'ennemi est-il pres? .len-ne-mee ay til pray
During this time my Pendant ce temps on Pon-dong seh long
clothes can be peut faire secher ong peu fair say-
dried by the fire, mes vetements att shay may vayt-
feu mones oh feu
a flashlight un eclair un ay-kleer
truck wagon vah-gon
Thank you Merci Mair-see
where is the wait- ou est la salle oo ay lah sail da-tant
ing-room ? d'attente
where is the buffet?ou est le buffet? oo ay luh buf-fay
where do I chaii<re?ou dois-je changer ?..ow dzva-j-shan-jay
the railway ..."... le chemin de fer....//i sher-man dep ferr
the interpreter .... i'interprete lan-terr-prehte
123
ON THE TRAIN
express train un train express .... MM tran express
slow train un train de petite un tran deh pe-teet
vitesse vee-tess
when do we arrive quanci arrivons- kan ar-ree-von noo
at ? nous a ? ah
how long do we combie.n d'arret kom - bian dar - ray
stop here? avons-nous ici? .... avon-noos ee-see
is there time for a avons-nous le temps avon noo luh tan poor
meal? pour un repas? ... un re-pah
is there time for a avons-nous le temps avons-noo luh tan deh
drink? de boire quelque- bwar kel-kel-shosz
chose
open the window, ouvrez la fenetre, s'il oovray lah fe-na*tr,
please . . ^ . vous plait sil voo play
When does the train Quand part le train Kong par luh traiih
start for Berlin?, pour Berlin? poor Bair-lanR?
shut the window, fermez la fenetre, ferr-may lah fe-naitr,
please s'il vous plait sil TOO play
to entrain embarquer an-barr-kay
I do not know Je ne sais pas Jeh ne say pah
Apply at the office Pour renseignements Poor rong-sayn-mong
for information . . . s'adresser au bu- sah-dress-say oh bu-
reau roh
If you please S'il vous plait Seel-voo-play
to start partir par teer
to stop . . - . arreter ah-reh-tay
Where is the railway Ou est la gare? Oo ay ah gar?
station ?
is the line open? ...la ligne est-elle lah Un ay t-ell leebr
libre?
has the line been a-t-on detruit la ah-ton day-truy lah
destroyed ? ligne ? lee-gn
do we stay the restons-nous la nuit res-ton noo lah nwee
night in the dans le train? .... don luh tran
train ?
what station is this?quelle gare est-ce?... kel gahr ays
the time-table liste des heures de list day seur deh day-
depart et d'arrivee. pahr ay da-ree-vay
I want a first-class je veux un comparti- jev veu sen corn-par-
compartment .... ment de premiere tee-mon deh troy-si-
classe err klass
I want a second- Je veux un comparte- jeh veu sen com-par-
class compart- mente de deux- tee-mon deh der-si-
ment ieme em klass
I want a third- je veux un comparte-//t veu sen com-par-
class compart- ment de troisieme tee-mon dt troy-si-
ment classe em klass
124
IN CAMP
What time is it?. . . Quelle heure est-il? Kelt err ay-teel?
pitch tents ........ dresser le tentes ..... dress-say lay taut
make a fire ........ faire du feu ........ fair du feu
water the horses . . . donner a boire aux don-nay ah bwar o
chevaux .......... she-vo
feed the horses ..... donner a manger aux don-nay ah man-jay o
chevaux .......... she-vo
cook a meal ...... .'faire cuire un repas./atr bweer un re-pah
He has just arrived. II vient d'arriver. .. .Eel vee-ang dar-ree-
vay
Get some water Faites bouillir de Fett boo-yejrr deh lo
boiled ........... i'eau .............
boil the water ..... faire bouillir I'eau... fair boo-yir lo
make coffee ....... faire le cafe ......... fair luh ka fay
make tea ......... faire le the ......... fur luh tay
Is there anyone here Y a-til ici quelqu'un Ee-ah-teel ee-see kcll-
who talks Eng- qui parle anglais?, ker ^ee .parl-ong
lish? .......... ., glayf
a tin of beef ....... du boeuf en boite deu bef an bwat day-
i f * d'etain .... tan
knives and forks des coute a U x et des day koo-to ay day
fourchettes ....... foor-shet
a CU P ............. une tasse ........... une tass
a plate ............ une assiette ......... une ah-siet
a saucepan ........ une casserole ....... une kah-se-rol
a frying-pan ...... une poele a frire ____ une pwahl ah freer
an oven ........... un four ............ un foor
a water-bucket ---- un seau ........... un so
A quarter of an Un quart d'heure ____ Eun kard-err
hour ............
lunch ............. le gouter ........... leh goo-tay
the hospital tent... la tente de 1'hdpital. Joh tant deh lop-ee-
tahl
the staff officers... les officers de 1'etat lay sof-fee-see-ay de
major ............ lay-tah mah-jor
transport wagons . . les wagons de trans- lay vah-gons deh
port .............. trans-port
has the post ar- la poste, est-elle \ a h post, ay tel ah-
rived ? .......... arrivee ? .......... ree-vay
have you a letter?. . avez-vous une lettre?. avay voo une letr
please post this . . . mettez cela a la met-tay s'e-lah ah lah
poste, s'il vous post, sil-voo-play
plait ..............
Clean my boots. ... Nettoyez mes chaus- Net-ttwah yay may
.,,, . T i. o ^ sures ............ shoh-sure
What can I have?. . Qu'est-ce que je puis Kess ke jeh pwess
what is the address ?quelle est" i'addressel'.'^f^a/a/t.rfrM*
125
IN CAMP
How long does it Combien de temps Kom-bee-ang deh tons
take to go from faut-il pour ailer foh teel poor allay
here to the Mar- d'ici a la place du dee-see ah lah
ket place ? marche ? plarse doo marshay?
a signal un signal un seeg-nai
all is well ttout est bien toot ay bee-an
let us seek shelter. . prenons abri pre-non sab-ree
keep quiet! restez tranquille! res-tay tran-kil
listen ! ecoutez. ! ay-koo-tay
I hear guns j'entends les canons, .j en-ban lay ka-non
Fill this water-hot- Alettez du the dans Met-tay doo tay dong
tie with tea ce bidon sell bee-donh
they are near ils sont pres il son pray
they are far off. ... ils sont loin .... i ... t7 son Iwan
they are scouts ... .ils sont des eclaireuis il son day say-clay
rerr
fall in ! rangez-vous ! r on- jay voo
quick march! en route! on root
halt! halte' ahlt
pile arms mettre en faisceau . . metr an fay-so
get ready appretez-vpus ! ah-pray-tay ' voo (sah>
(S'appreter !) pray-tay)
I shall come back Je rentrerai bientot, Jeh ron-trer-ray be?
soon, at the latest a six heures au an-toe, ah seeze ert
at 6 o'clock plus tard oh ploo tard
the commissariat . . le commissariat luh com-mis-sah-riah
the canteen la cantine lali kan-teen
quartermaster's le depot de 1'officer luh day-po deh lof-fee<
stores de casernement .... see-ay de ka-sern*
ne-mon
good news bonnes nouvelles .... bonn noo-vel
bad news . mauvaises nouvelles . mo-vays noo-vel
pencil and paper... un crayon et du un kray-eeon ay dn
papier pah-pee-ay
envelope une enveloppe une on-veh-lop
TRANSPORT
^1 spanner une clef a boulon. . .une clai ah boo-lon
A screw-jack un eric un crie
a pump une pompe pneu- une fiompe neu-mah'
matique teek
oil can un bidon d'huile un bee-don dweel
oil the machine . ...huiler la machine ...wee-lay lah mah-s1ieen
water for the engine . de 1'eau pour la deh lo poor lah mah-
machine sheen
lo&d the wagons charger les wagons, .shar-jay lay vah-gor.
126
TRANSPORT
wheels ............. les roues ............ lay roo
horse-shoe ......... un fer a cheval ...... un fair ah sheh-vahl
shoeing-smith ...... un forgeron ........ un for-ger-ron
provisions ......... les provisions ....... lay pro-vee-see-ons
bring the horses. ... faites venir les fayt ve-neer lay sheh
chevaux .......... vo
feed the horses ! . . . . donnez a manger aux don-nay ah man-gay o
chevaux! .......... sheh-vo
grease the wheels!, .graissez les roues! ---- gray-say lay roo
a long distance . .
a short distance. .
a hilly road
..une grande distance.
..peu de distance ...
. . une route montag-
>une grande dis-tans
-peu deh dis-tans
une route mon-tahgrt-
a level road
a main road
. . une route plate
. . la grande route . .
'Une route plaht
"lah grande root
une vwa
ford the river
. . passer un fleuve a
sue .
pas-say un fleuv ah
&av
park the wagons. .. . parquer les wagons. ..parr-k ay lay vah-gor
the field kitchen. .. .la cuisine ........... lah kwee-seen
telegraph apparatus. 1'appareil I'ap-pa-raliye tay-lay-
telegraphique ..... grah-fic
telephone apparatus 1'appareil de I'ap-pa-rahye deh tay*
telephone ......... lay-fonn
clothing ........... les vetements ....... lay vayt-mon
the driver ......... le conducteur ....... luh kon-duyc-terr
put on the brake. . .serrez le freki ...... serray leh fran
nuts and bolts ...... ecrous et verrous ..... ay-croo ay ver-roo
the chain .......... la chaine ........... lah shane
the battery ........ une batterie une ba-tay-ree a>
electrique ......... layc-treek
armored motor ....un automobile un o-too-mo-beel arr
'Tine ............ . may
unload the wagons, . decharger les day-shar-jay lay vah
wagons ........... gon
the horses are tiredles chevaux sont lay sheh-vo son fall-
fatigues .......... tee-gay
the horse is ill ..... le cheval est luh sheh-vahl ay soo-
souffrant ........ fran
the transport is de- le transport est luh trans-por ay reh-
layed ............ retarde ........... tar-day
motor-wagon ....... Vautowagon .... ...... lo-to vah-gon
I want some petrol, .je vcux du petrole. . . .jeh veu du pay-tr-;.
the tools .......... es outils ........... lay soo-teey
a tire has burst.... un pneu est creve...tm neu ay crayva*-
start the engine .... commencer la ma- com-mon-cay J c.J. mah-
chine ............ . sheen
at great speed ...... a grande vi**"*"* ....ah grand? vee-tess
inflate the tire ..... . nfler 1- >iicu ...... an-flay mh neu
deflate the tire ..... desenfler le nneu ....day-say-flay luh nc*
127
TRANSPORT
fc. puncture une piqure oon pee-knr
to mend a puncture, reparer un pneu ray-pah-ray un neu
a new tire un nouveau pneu....wn noo-vo neu
a valve une valve une vahlv
mount ! montez ! mon-tay
Fetch the mayor. .. Cherchez le maire. . .S hair- shay luh mair
Is it possible to ride Peut-on y aller a Per-tong ee allay ah
there ? cheval ? shvall?
I will follow you...Je vous suivrai Jcli roo swee-vray
I require a horse... II me faut un cheval. Eel meh foh teun
shvall
IN ACTION
cupola la coupole lah coo-pol
get the level prenez le niveau ....pre-nay luh nee-vo
judgment and ele- jugement et eleva- j'uyge mon ay ay-lay-
vation tion vah-see-on
a long range portee etendue por-tay ay-ten-duy
a short range portee courte por-tay coort
the fire is destruc- le feu est destructif luh f-eu ay des-truyc-
tive tif
the aim is good... .la visee est bonne... lah vce-say ay ban
the aim is bad la visee est mau- lah vee-say ay mo-
va'se vays
the walls are shat- les murs sont lay muyr son day-
tered detruits truy
take the guns! prenez les canons I.. pre-nay lay ka-non
put the guns out of mettez les canons met-tay lay ka-non or
action! hors de combat!., deh kon-bah
destroy the bridge!, derruisez le pont !. . .day-truy-say leh ton
destroy the railway detruisez les voies ! . . day-truy-say lay viva
lines !
shell the fort! bombardez le fort!, .bon-barr-day leh for
bombard the tower l.bombardez la tour bon-barr-day lah toor
(citadelle) ' .. (see-tali-del)
to evacuate evacuer ay-vah-ku-ay
to besiege assieger as-see-ay-jay
to cut off retrancher re-tran-shay
machine-guns la mitrailleuse lah mee-trahy-ee-eus
they are ambushed. . ils sont embusques H son tan-buys-kay
they are advancing . ils avancent il sa-vonss
they are retreating. . ils reculent il re-kul
a heavy fire un feu severe un feu say -v err
sound the advance !.sonnez 1'avance! ....son-nay la-vonss
sound the retreat!, .sonnez la retraite!.. ""-wrrv lah re-trait
shrapnel shrapnel shrapnel
big guns des gros canons day gro ka-non
look out, a shell! .. .attention, un obus!. .a-tan-see-on, un obusc
128
IN ACTION
siege guns les canons de siege.. lay ka-non deh see-
ayge
strong fortifications . fortifications for- for-tee-fee-ka-see-on
miciables for-mee-dahble
a ring of forts un cercle de forts, .un sercl deh for
entrenchments retranchments re-tran-sh-mon
the covert way....le chemin couvert. . .luh she-man coo-vert
the parapet le parapet luh pa-ra-pay
the glacis le glacis (la luh gla-ssy (lah ron-
rampe) pe)
we must retire il faut reculer il fo eli-ku-lay
we are winning nous gagnons noo ga-nyon
we are losing nous perdons noo p'er-don
run ! courez ! koo-ray
walk ! marchez ! mahr-shay
faster ! plus vite ! plu-veet
slower! plus lentement! . . . .plu-lan-te-mon
run for your lif e ! . . . sauve qui peut! . . . .sov-kee-peu
cover their retreat . . couvrez leur koov-ray lerr re-trate
retraite
to the aid of our au secours de nos o se-coor deh no ka-
comrades camarades ma-rahd
rescue them! allez au secour! a-lays o se-coor
take their position I.prenez leur posi- pre-nay lerr po-zee-
don ! see-on
they ask for an ils demandent un il de-mand un war-
armistice armistice mee-steess
it is the white flag..c'est le pavilion say luh pah-vee-ee-on
blanc blan
they surrender ....ils se rendent il seh ren-de
the place is evacu- la place est evacuee. lah plahss ay tay-va-
ated cu-ay
a bayonet charge ... .une charge a la line sharrge ah lah
baionnette bah-ion-net
the artillery are fir- 1'artillerie tire lar-tee-eree teer
ing
a terrific engage- un engagement ter- un nen-gage-"ion tay-
ment rible (affreux) .... reeble (affreu)
we are surrounded, .nous sommes en- noo som san-tyo-ray
tpures
the Quarter-master, .off icier de caserne- of-fee-siay deh kah~
ment serne-mahn
the Corporal le caporal luh kah-po-rahl
Private (Tommy un simple soldat (le un sam-pl soi-dah (leh
Atkins) piou-piou) pee-oo bee-oo)
a charge of Lancers. une charge des une sharrge day Ian-
lanciers see-ay
a movement of the un mouvement de un moov-mon deh len~
enemy I'ennemie ne-mee
an infantry charge.. une charge d'in- une sharrge dan-fan*
f anterie teree
129
IN ACTION
field-glasses les jumelles lay juy-mel
a dispatch-rider . . . le courrier i u h koo-ree-ay
they are deploying. . ils se deploient . . . .il seh day-plwa
they have opened ils ont commence le il son com-men-say leh
fire feu feu
a cavalry charge. ... une charge de * une sharrge deh ka
cavalene va-ieree
we are going to at- nous aliens attaquer . . n00 sal-Ion ah-ta-kay
tack
we are to defend. . . il faut defendre il fo day-fandr
advance! advancez! ah-van-say
retire ! reculez ! re-kuy-lay
skirmishers les tirailleurs ...... lay tee-rahy-ee-err
flag signals les signaux lay seeg-no
bugle calls les clairons lay clay-ron
close order 1'ordre serre I'ordr say-ray
extended order .... Tordre etendu I'ordr ay-ten-duy
cavalry patrol la patrouille de lah pah-trooy deh kah-
cavalerie . . va-leree
reconnoitring la patrouille de lah pah-trooy deh re-
patrol reconnaissance . . . con-nay-sans
the Field-Marshal . le marecbal Iuh mah-ray-shahl
Brigadier- general ..general de brigade, .jay-nah-rahl deh bree-
gahd
staff-officers les officiers d'etat- lay zof-fee-siay day-
major tah mah-jor
the Colonel le colonel Iuh kol-lo-nel
the Captain le capitaine Iuh kah-pee-tan
the Major le major Iuh mah-jor
the Lieutenant le lieutenant Iuh lieu-teh-nant
the Sergeant-major, .sergent-major serr - gen mah-jor
(marechal des lo- (mah-ray-shahl day
gis chef) ,. lo-gy sheff)
BUYING
These shoes are too Ces souliers sont trop Say sool-yay song
small petits . . troh pe-tee
Will you shave me? Une barbe s'il vous Oon barb seel voo
plait play
I want some soap..je veux du savon. . .je veu du sah-von
wine shop ie cabaret Iuh ka-ba-ray
Can you wash this Pouvez-vous me bien Poo-vay-voo meh bee-
linen well for me laver ce linge et ang lav-vay seh
and return it to me le rendre de lange ay meh leh
me early the day bonne heure apres- rondr deh bon err
after to-morrow ? . ^ demain ? ap-pray-deh-mang f
\ want a toothbrush, je veux une brosse jeh veu une bross ah
a dents dan
stamps des timbres-poste .... day tanbr-post
130
BUYING
how much does it combien coute cela?. kon-beean koot se-la
cost?
what is the post- combien le timbre kombee-an luh tanbr
Is there a bath in Y-a-t-il un bain dans Ea-ah-'teel urn bang
the house? la maison? dong lah may-
song?
can you change this pouvez-vous me poo-z'ay voo meh shan-
note? changer ce billet juy seh bi-yeu deh
de banque? bonk
it is dear c'est cher say-shair
a registered letter., une lettre recom- une lettr ray-how*
mandee manday
pen and ink une plume et de une pluym ay deh
1'encre lancr
Can one get good , Peut-on trouver de Pcr-ton troo-vay deh
shoes here? bons souliers ici?.. bongsool-yay ee-seef
writing paper du papier a ecrire . . . du pa-peeay ah aycrir
Can I buy some Puis-je acheter des Pwee-jeh ash-tay days
envelopes? .... enveloppes? ong-ve -loppf
how much will this combien coutera ce kon-beean koo-tra seh
parcel cost? . paquet? pa-kay
When do you close?. Quand ferme-t-on? ..Kong fairm long?
I had forgotten to j'avais oublie de Jaz'-vay oo-blee-ay deh
ask if there is a demander s'il y a deh-mond-ay seel-ee-
shoemaker here . . ici un cordonnier. . ah ee-see eun cor-
don-yay
what is the stamp combien le timbre kom-beean luh timbr
for an English pour une lettre poor une let*r ang-
letter ? anglaise ? lays
I want to buy je veux acheter jeh ve zahsh-tay
give me a receipt. .. donnez-moi un regu. don-nay mwa un rcsu
I want to pay my J e veux payer mon Jeh veu pay-ay mong
bill compte kont
How much does it Combien c_a coute la Kom-bee-ang sah koot
cost a Ib. ? livre ? lah leevr?
I am much je vous remercie jeh veu re-merr-see
obliged to you... beaucoup bo-koo
I want socks je veux des chaus- jeh veu day sho-set
settes
I want a comb je veux un peigne. . .jeh veu un paygn
I do not like th.is...je n'aime pas ceci...;>/j naim pah se-see
I want a knife je veux un couteau.;>/i veu un koo-to
show me some en montrez-moi en- on mon-tray mwa art-
more, please .... core cor
Can you recommend Pouvez-vous me Poc-vay-voo meh reh-
me a laundress?.. recommander une kom-mon-day oon
blanchisseuse? .... blong-shee-sehsf
how far is it to the est-ce loin a la ays Iwan a lah poste
post-office? poste?
4ost- cards des cartes postales. . . day cart-postahl
131
BUYING
have you any let- avez-vous des lettres avay voo day lettr
ters for me? pour moi? poor mwa
stationery la papeterie lah pa-pe-tcree
That is very dear. . C'est tres cher Say tray shair
when does the mailquand va la poste?..an va lah paste
start?
How much do they Combien coutent-ils? Kom-bee-ang koot-
cost? teelf
ironmonger le quincaillier luh kan-ki-eeay
I prefer this je prefere ceci jeh pay-ferr se-see
I want to buy some Je voudrais acheter Jeh voo-drays ash-tay
gloves des gants day gong
it is too large c'est trop grand . . . .say tro gran
it is too sma'l c'est trop petit . ; . . say tro pe-tee
Do you sell bread, Vendez-vous le pain, Von-day voo luh pang,
butter, eggs? .... le beurre, les leh burr, lays eufs?
oeufs?
is this letter over- est-ce que cette 1^1- ays keh set lettr pays
weight ? tre pese trop ? tro
chemist le pharmacien leh far-mas-secan
can you mend? pouvez-vous raccom- poo-vay voo ra-ko-mo-
moder? day?
please show me. . . . montrez-moi, s'il mon-tray mvua, sil voo
vous plait play
You will get a re- Vous recevrez tin Voo reh-cev-ray eun
ceipt regu res-soo
for a post-card? . pour une carte- poor une cart-pos-
postale ? tahl
which is the best quel est le meilleur kel ay luh maye-err
shop ? magazin ? ma-gah-zan
show me, please. .. montrez-moi, s'il mon-tray mwa, sil voo
vous plait play
I want a corkscrew, je veux un tire-bou- jeh ve un teer boo-
chon shon
I want some boot- je veux des lacets de jeh veu day las-say
laces bottine deh boteen
I want some string. je veux de la ficelle. jeh veu deh lah fee-
eel
want some rope...je veux de la corde..;Vv veu de lah cord
want some paper. . je veux du papier., jeh veu du pa-pee-ay
want some candles je veux des bougies. jeh veu day boo-jy
want some surrar. . je veux du sucre. . . .jeh veu du sucr
want some coffee.. je veux du cafe jeh veu du ka-fay
boot maker le cordonnier leh Kor-donn-eeay
a grocer un epicier n nay-pee-seeay
a baker un boulanger un boo-lan-jay
tobacconist le marchand de tabac le mar-shan de ta-
ba
I want a pencil.... je veux un crayon ... jeh veu un cray-ee-on
132
BUYING
an evening paper... un journal du soir..wn joor-nalh du swalr
an English paper. .. un journal anglais... wn joor-nahl ang-lay
draper le marchand de drap . luh mar-shan deh
drah
Cut my hair Coupez-moi les Koo-pay mwah lay
cheveux shveu
a morning paper.... un journal du matin, un joor-nahl du ma-
tan
how much is that combien est-ce en ar- kon-bee-an ays en ar-
in English money ? gent anglais ? . . . . jon ang-lay
How much is there Qu'est-ce qu'il y a a Kess keel ee ah ah
to pay ? payer ? pay-ay f
can I post here? . . . puis-je mettre a la pweege metr a lah
poste ici? poste ee-see
have you a news- avez-vous un jour- ava voo son joor-
paper ? nal ? nahl
How much does it Combien ga fait-il Kom-bee-ang sah fay
come to" alto- tout ensemble?.... teel toot ong sombl?
gether?
I want some socks II me faut des chaus- Eel meh fah day shoh
and a pair of settes et un cale- sets ay un kal-song
drawers gon
where are the ou sont les maga- oo san i ay ma-eah-zan
shops ? sins ?
Can you not let me Ne pouvez-vous pas N e h poo-vay voo pah
have this cheap- me vendre ceci a mer vandr ser-see
er? meilleur marche?.. a h may-err mar-
I will take that je prendrai cela Je h pran-dray se-lah
I want a razor je veux un rasoir. . . .jeh veu un rah-sachr
picture post-cards . . des cartes illustrees . . day cart il-luys-tray
IN THE TRENCHES
I feel better je me sens mieux jeh meh san mee-eu
carry him carefully . portez lui douce- por-tay Iwee dooss-
ment mon
the infantry are en- 1'infanterie se sont lan-fon-teree seh son
trenched -retranchees re-tran-shay
they are skirmish- ils vont a 1'escar- il von ta less-kar-
ing mouche moosh
we must attack il faut attaquer par il fo ta-ta-kay par
from the rear .... derriere der-ree-err
we are on their nous sommes sur noo som suyr lerr flan
flank leur flanc t
they are running ils courent vers il COOf verr noo
towards us nous .*
133
IN THE TRENCHES
How many kilome- Combien de kilome- Kom - bee ang deh
tres is it from tres y a-t-il d'ici kill-o-maytr ee-ah-
here to the vil- au village ? teel dee-see oh veel-
lage? arjeT
good aim une bonne visee eun bonn vee-zay
bad aim une mauvaise visee une mo-vay vec-zay
the trigger la detente lah day-tont
the sight la visee lah vee-zay
the barrel le canon de fusil . . .iuh cannon deh fuy-see
the butt la crosse lah cross
they outnumber us.ils sont plus nom- il s on pluye non-bri*
breux que nous . . . keh noo
they are repulsed... ils sont repousses ... il son re-poo-say
we must retire il faut reculer il fo re-kuyl-lay
take the trenches! . prenez les tranchees! pr en-nay lay tran-
shay
bring in the rapportez les blesses! rup-t>or-tay lay bless-
wounded . S ay
Bury the dead ! . . . . enterrez les mortsl . . enterray lay mor
I am hit je suis frappe (je j e h swee f rap-pay (jell
suis blesse) swee bless-say)
fetch the doctor cherchez le mede- sherr-shay Iuh med-
cin san
give me some water, donnez-moi de 1'eau don-nay mzva, deh lo
a fence une cloture eun cloture
a wall un mur un muyr
a gate une porte eun port
a wood un bois un bwa
a hill une colline eun kol-leen
have a nap, to faire un petit somme . fair un pe-tee-som
let us eat mangeons mon-jon
give me a drink .... donnez moi a boire . . don-nay mwa ah
bvjahr
where can we get ou pouvons nous oo poo-von nooz a-
water? avoir de 1'eau? . . . . vwahr deh lo
let us go ! allons ! ah-lon
a little further un peu plus loin... un peu pluy livan
be careful ! attention ! at-ten-see-on
here they come ! les voila ! lay vu>a-lah
a regiment of in- une compagnie du tin ray-jee-mon dan-
fantry fanterie fon-teree
a company of engi- un regiiment d'in- une kom-pagn-nee du
neers genie jay-nee
have you tobacco ? . . avez-vous du tabac ? . avay voo du tah-bah
have you matches? .avez-vous des allu- avay voo days al-
mettes? luym-met
lie down! couchez-vous! . . . . . .koo-shay voo
keep silent! silence! see-lans
kneel down ! a genou ! ah je-noo
134
IN THE TRENCHES
they nre charging. . . ils chargcnt ........ il sharge
to take prisoner. ... prendre prisonnier. . prendr pree-soon-nee-
ay
he is a spy c'est un espion .... say ton es-pee-on
hands up ! levez les mains ! ..../<? -vay lay man
put down your arms, deposez les armes. . . day-po-swy lay zarm
Do you know the Connaissez-vous le Konnay - say - voo fuh
way to X? chemin de X ? shemang deh X?
fix bayonets fixez les baionnettts. .fi.r-ay lay bah-yon-nct
run quickly ! courez vite! koo-ray veet
come ! venez ! ve-nay
come back ! revenez ! re-ve-nay
forward ! en marche ! en marrsh
go slow! allez lentement! ....al-lay lan-te-mon
the Medical Corps, le corps d'ambulance luh cor dan-buyl-lans
a steady fire un feu regulier un feu ay-guyl-lee-ay
fire a volley. decharger une voice. day-sJiar-jay une i'ul-
lay
all is quiet tout est tranquille. . . too tay tran-kil
there is no danger., ill n'y a pas de dan- il Inee ah pah deh
ger dan-jay
there is danger .... il y a du danger.... il ee ah du dan-jay
cease firing ! cessez le feu ! ses-say luh feu
a pack of cards un jeu de cartes.... un jeu deh cart
they are firing ils tirent il teer
tiome more cartridges encore des car- on-cor day car-toosh
touches
Show me the direo Montrez-moi la di- M ontray-mwah lah
tion of X? rection de X dee-rex-yong deh X.
a battery of artil- une batterie d'artil- eun baht-tery dar-
lery lerie tee-eree
a squadron of cav- un escadron de cav- un nes-ka-dron deh
airy alerie ka-va-leree
to take cover prendre abri prendr ah-bree
to dig trenches faire des tranchees. .fair day tran-shay
picks and spades . .des pics et des day pix ay day baysh
beches>
throw up earth faire un parapet. .. .fair un pa-ra-pay
works . . * une bonne position . . eun bonn po-zee-see-
1 good position on
keep your head baissez la tete! bay-say lah tait
down !
move to the left! . . .allez a gauche? al-lays ah goshe
take the range prenez la portee. . . .^re-nay lah por-tay
they have ceased ils ont cess* de tirer.t/ son ses-say deh tee-
firing ray
let us rest reposons-nous reh-po-zon noo
135
AVIATION DEPARTMENT
it is too foggy il y a trop de brou- il ee oh ire deli brooy
illard ahr
I cannot see on ac- je ne peux pas voir jeh nek peu pah wear
count of the fog., a cause du brou- ah kos du brooy-ahr
illard >
I have seen the j'ai vu 1'ennemi . . . . jay vu len-ne-mee
enemy
they are in bivouac .ils sont en bivouac..*"/ son ton bee-voo-ahk
they are in action. . .ils sont en combat. . . il son ton kom-bah
they are advancing . . ils avancent il sa-vans
they are retiring ils se retirent; ils il sell reh-tir; il son
sont en retraite . . tan reh-trait
they are strong ils sont nombreux. . . il son nom-breu
aviator un aviateur un ah-vee-ah-terr
an airship un dirigeable . . . .un dee-ree-jahbl
a dirigible balloon . . un ballon dirigeable. un bal-lon dee-ree-
jahbl
a biplane un biplan un bee-flan
a monoplane un monoplan un mo-no-plan
the propeller 1'helice lay-leess
she is ascending . . . . il monte il monte
she is descending. . . il descend il day-son
an aircraft is ap-un aeroplane avance.ww air-o-plahn ah-van*
proaching
look at that aero- reprardez cet aero- re-gor-day set air-o-
plane plane plahn
I hear the engine. .. j'entends la machine, fen-ton lah ma-sheen
The day before yes- Avant-hier Av-v on-tee-air
terday
The day after to- Apres-demain Ap-pray-de-mang
morrow
two cylinders miss deux cy'iindres ra- de see-landr raht
fire tent
the petrol tank is le reservoir de pe- luh ray-se-vwar deh
leaking trole coule pay-trol kool
have you any petrol ?avez-vous du pe- avay voo du pay-trol
trole ?
have you any lubri- avez-vous de 1'huile avay-roo deh Iwell lu-
eating oil? lubrifiante? bree-fee-ont
have you any spark- avez-vous des tarn- avay voo day ton-pon
ing plugs ? pons ?
it is too windy il y a trop de vent. . il ee all fro deh von
let go ! lachez ! lah-shay
my engine is miss- ma machine rate....wa/i ma-sheen raht
firing
one cylinder misses un cylindre rate.... MM see-landr raht
fire
the apparatus 1'appareil lap-pah-rahy
the steering gear . . . le gouvernail luh goo-ver-nay
start the propeller! .commencez 1'helice!. . kom-mon-say lay-leess
136
AVIATION DEPARTMENT
flying low voler has vol-lay bah
to steer diriger aee-ree-jay
to oil the machine ..huiler la machine ...wee-lay lah ma-sn*en
hold the machine tenez la machine par ten-nay lah ma-sheen
from the back.... derriere pahr de-ree-err
to pursue poursuivre poor-sweevr
to take an observa- prendre une obser- prendr une ob-serr-va-
tion vation see-on
a great height une grande altitude. une grande ahl-tee-
tuyd
my machine is dam- ma machine est mah ma-sheen ay ka-
aged cassee f say
it is smashed elle est en morceaux.e/ ay ton mor-so
the machine is la machine est bien../a ma-sheen ay bee-an
sound
can you see it? . . . . pouvez-vous le voir ? .poo-vay voo luh vwahr
there it is ! le voila ! lee vwa-lah
is it a Taube? est-ce un Taube?. . . .ays un Tobe
is it a Zeppelin?. ... est-ce un Zeppelin ?.. ays un Zeppelin
I want some petrol, .je veux du petrole. ..jeh veu du pay-trop
repairs des reparations . . .day rapy-ar-ra-see-on
It is out of range... il est hors de portee.il ay tor deh por-tay
1 hear an aeroplane .j'entends un aero- jen-ten un air-o-plann
plane
it is flying away il s'en va il sen va
it is in range il est a portee il ay ta por-tay
she has fallen slle laisse tomber elle ay ton-bay
she is dropping des bombes elle lass ton-bay day
bombs bombes bomb
they are observing ils nous observent . . . il noo zob-serrv
us ...
137
ATTENDING THE WOUNDED
Hold your tongue. . . Taisez-vous Tay-say-voo
some pain un pcu ae douieur. . un p eu ^ etl doo-lerr
much pain beaucoup de douieur .bo-koo dek doo-lerr
relief du souiagement . . . . au soo-ialige-mon
to sleep dormir dor-mecr
sleepless sans sommeil san som-maye
I have great pain...je sourrre beaucoup. .jeh soofr bo-koo
he has great pain...il souffre beaucoup.. il soofr bo-koo
I am ill je suis malade .... .jeh swee ma-lad
he is unconscious . . il a perdu connais- H ah per-duye conn-
sance nay-sans
he has revived .... .^1 a repris connais- il ah re-pree conn-
* sance nay-sans
Come here Venez ici V en-ay-zeesee
he is cold il a f roid il ah frwa
he is hot il a chaud il ah stio
he is worse il est pire il ay peer
he is better il va mieux il va mee-eu
give him a stimu- donnez-lui un stimu- don-nay luye un stee-
lant lant muy-lan
give him an an- donnez-lui une anaes- den-nay luye une an
aesthetic thetique es-tay-teek
lift him carefully ... elevez-le doucement.a;y-/-z'a;y luh dooss
mon
Go away Allez-vous-en ...... .Al-lay voos-ong
take the tempera- prenez la tempera- preh-nay lah ton-pay 1 *
ture ture rah-tuyr
bandages les bandages lay ban-dahge
splints les eclisses lay zay-cleess
stop the bleeding . . . arretez le saigne- ar-rqy-tay le saygtt
ment (le sang) . . . mon (luh sun)
give him his medi- donnez-lui sa mede- don-nay luye sah med-
cine cine seen
raise him up soulevez-le soo-le-vay-luh
a pillow un oreiller un or-ray-eeay
the eyes les yeux lay yeu
the nose le nez luh nay
the ears les oreilles lay sor-raye
the knee le genou luh je-noo
the hand la main lah man
the fingers les doigts lay dwa
the arms les bras lay brah
the legs les jambes lay jonb
the feet les pieds lay pee-ay
the bowels les entrailles lay son-trahye
the head la tete lah tait
the liver le foie luh fwa
the stomach la poitrine lah pwa-treen
the breast le ventre, I'abdomen./w/i vontr lab-do-mon
138
ATTENDING THE WOUNDED
Go slowly Allez doucement .... Al-lay doose-mong
J am wounded je suis biesse jeh swee-bless-say
he is wounded il est biesse il ay bless-say
I am shot je suis frappe jeh swee f rap-pay
he is shot il est frappe il ay f rap-pay
it is serious c'est grave say grahv
1 have internal pain, j'ai des douleurs in- jay day doo-lerrz an-
ternes , tairn
1 have fever j'ai de la fievre jay de lah fee-ayvr
sleeping draught . . une potion-calmante.wn^ po-see-on-cal-
mante
thermometer le thermometre luh terr-mo-maytr
it is slight ce n'est pas grave. . . ser nay pan grah-j
he is dying il se meurt il ser merr
he is dead il est mort il ay mor
give him first aid. . . donnez-lui premier don-nay-lwee prem-yay
secours se-coor
lancet une lancette eun Ian-set
ether 1'ether I'ay-terr
chloroform du chloroforme . . . . du clo-ro-form
put him to bed mettez-le au lit met-tay luh o lee
undress him deshabillez-le days-a-bee-yay
carry him to the portez-le a 1'hopital. .por-tay luh ah lop
hospital pee-tahl
carry him out of portez-le hors du feu. por-tay luh or du feu
fire
where is the nurse ?.ou est la garde-ma- oo ay lah gard ma-lad
lade?
the heart le coeur luh curr
the lungs les poumons lay poo-mon
139
MONEY
where can I change ou puis-je changer oo-pweej shan-jay deh
money ? de 1'argent ? lar-jan
gold de 1'or deh lor
silver de 1'argent deh lar-jan
coppers des sous day soo
what is the price ? . . . combien ? kom-beean
please give me donnez-moi de la pe- don-nay mwa deh lah
change tite monnaie, s'il pe-tcet monn - nay,
vous plait sil voo play
1 want francs je veux des francs, .jeh veu day fran
I want coppers je veux des sous. . . .jeh veu day soo
one penny, you say? deux sous, vous den soo, voo dect
dites ?
one franc, you say? un franc, vous UK fran, voo deet
dites?
here is a penny for voici un sou pour vwasee un soo poor
yourself vous voo
that comes to cela fait se-la fay fran
franca francs
money order un mandat un man-dah
GENERAL CONVERSATION
Where does this Ou conduit oette Oo kondwee set roo
street (now) lead rue ?
to?
Does this road lead Ce chemin, conduit- Seh shemmang, cond-
to X? il a X? wee-teel ah X 9
I must get up early il faut me lever de il fo meh le-vcy deh
to-morrow bonne heure de- bonn err deh man
main
may I trouble you?, pardon, Madame par-don ina-dahm
(or) Monsieur?... mu-see-eu
140
GENERAL CONVERSATION
I am going to the je vais au bateau .... jeh vays o bah-to
boat
I do not understand je ne comprends pas jeh neu kon-pran palis
a word un mot un mo
will you be so good voulez-vous le repe- voo-lay voo luh ray-
as to repeat? ... ter, s'il vous plait ?. pay-toy, sil voo play
Does this road pass Ce chemin, traverse- Seh shem-many trav-
over grass-fields t-il des prairies vairse t e e I day
(through a (une foret) ? prair-ee (eun for-
wood) ? ay ) f
what day of the quel jour de la se- kel joor deh lah se-
week is it? .... maine sommes- mane som noo
nous?
good-morning! bonjour! bonjoor
good-night ! bon soir bon-swar
good-bye ! adieu ! ah-dte-eu
Take care; take the Prenez garde; pren- Prennay guard;
shortest road, and ez le chemin le prennay luh sher-
if you lead me plus court, et si mang luh ploo coor,
wrong you will be vous m'egarez, ay see voo may-gar-
shot vous serez fusille. . ay voo ser-ay foo-
zee-ay
will you nave an voulez-vous un in- voo-lay -vooz un an-
interpreter? terprete? terr-prate
1 shall want break- je dejeunerai a jeh day-je-ne-ray a
fast at ... heures err
o'clock
I want some cold je veux de 1'eau jeh ver deh lo frwc. 1 .
water froide
TTtltl 11U1UC
you will be too late, vous serez trop tard. voo ser-ray tro tar
you will be too soon, vous serez trop tot. . v oo ser-ray tro toe
time flies le temps passe luh tan pass
call me at appelez-moi a up-pe-lay mwa a
o'clock heures err
two days ago il y a deux jours. ...**/ eea deh joor
last week le semaine passee .... luh se-mane pas-say
last month le mois passe luh mwa pas-say
Guide me to X. ... Conduisez-moi a X. . Kon-dzvee-zay-mwah
ah X.
I want a good map je veux une bonne jeh vers une bonn
of the district ... carte de 1'endroit. . cart deh landrass
what is the day of quel : jour du mois kel joor du mwa som
the month? sommes-nous? .... noo
I am going to the ie vais au train jeh vays o Iran
train
I am going away. . . . je m'en vais ieh man vay
to-morrow week . . . . de demain en huit..deh deh man on wet
please give me your donnez-moi votre don-nay mwa ro'-
name and address, npm et adresse, non av a-drexx. *il
s'il vous plait voo play
141
GENERAL CONVERSATION
will you give me a voulez-vous me don- voo-lay voo meh doK'
towel? ner une serviette, nay une serr-vee-et,
s'il vous plait?.... sil voo play
will you give me a voulez-vous me don- voo-lay voo meh don-
piece of soap? ... ner du savon, s'il nay du sah-von, sil
vous plait? voo play
what is it called in comment cela s'ap- corn-man se-la sap-
French 1 pelle-t-il en f ran- pel-t-il an fran-say
thank you very je vous remercie jeh voo reh-mer-see
much beaucoup bo-koo
you are very kind., vous etes tres gentil.voo zayt tray jon-
teeye
I am much obliged .je vous remercie jeh vee reh-mer-see
beaucoup bo-koo
He must have a II lui faut un guide. Eel Iwee foht eun
guide gheed
I understand je comprends mieux jeh kron-pran mee-e
French better le frangais que je luh fran-say keh jeh
than I can speak ne le parle neh luh parl
Is there no other N'y a-t-il pas d-au- Nee-ah-teeel pCT
road ? tre chemin ? dontr shemangf
1 am glad to see je suis hereux de jeh sween er-re deh
you vous voir voo vwahr
it is half-past one...il est une heure et il cyt eun err ay deh
demie mee
I want some hot je veux de 1'eau jeh veu deh lo shode
water chaude
it is twenty minutes il est midi moins il ay mee-dee mwan
to twelve vant
do not speak so ne parlez pas si vite, neh par-lay pa see
fast, please s'il vous plait veet, sil voo play
I wish to rise early j e desire me lever jeh day-seer meh leh
to-morrow de bonne heure vay deh bonn err
deh-man
a remembrance . . . . un souvenir un soo-ve-neer
what o'clock (or quelle heure est-il? kel err ayt ilf . Ma
time) is it? My ma montre ne va montr ne va pah
watch is out of pas
order
Monday, Tuesday, lundi, mardi, mer- lun-dee, mar-dee, vner-
Wednesday, credi, jeudi. ven- ere - dee, jeu dee
Thursday, Fri- dredi, samedi, di- van-'dredee, sum-
day, Saturday, manche dee, dee-mansh
Sunday
next week le semaine prochaine . luh se-mane pro-shane
it is a quarter to il est trois heures il ay trvuaz err mwan
three moins quart kar
14?
GENERAL CONVERSATION
it is getting late . . . il se fait tard ..... .'/ se h fay tar
we have no time to nous n'avons pas de noo na-von pah dch
lose temps a pendre. . . . tans a perdr
I have plenty of j'ai "assez de temps jay ah say deh tan
time
I thought it was j'ai cru qu'il faisait jay cruy kil fe-say
later plus tard pluy tar
how much have I to combien vous dois- kon beean voo
pay you ? j e ? dwahge
I want to go to the je veux aller a la jell veu al-lay a lah
bank banque bone
have you a good avez-vous un bon avay i;ooz un bon dix-
English and dictionnairt anglo- eeon-air onglo-fran-
French dictionarv ? f rangais ? ay
Is this road good? Ce chemin, est-i!5V/z she-many - ay-teel
bon? bong?
I want to write a je veux ecrire une jeh veu zaycrir une
letter lettre lettr
I want some stamps, je veux des timbres- jeh veu day tanbr-
postes paste
in a week d'aujonrd'hui en d'oj-oordwee on weet
huit
143
MILITARY COMMANDS
INFANTRY INFANTERIE
stand to! aux armes!
fall in ! rassemblement !
attention! (shun!) garde a vous!
Smith, fall out Smith, sortez des rangs
as you were autant (ou Revenez)
dismiss rompez les rangs
close in serrez les rangs
right, dress! alignement (a droite, aligne-
ment)
eyes front! fixe!
to correct the dressing rectifier Valignement
number numerotez-vous (consecutive-
nient)
on the right, close appuyez a droite
form fours ! f ormez-vous par quatre !
forward ! en avant !
quick march, march ! pas accelere, marche!
at the double, march! pas gymnastique, marche!
close upon ! suivez !
change step ! changez le pas, marche!
quick march, march at ease! pa s de route (smoking, speaK-
at the walk ! ing, allowed)
break step rompez le pas
form fours a droite par quatre, droite
form two par deux
stand easy repos
slope arms arme sur 1'epaule
shoulder arms portez arme
present arms presentez armes
inspection arms inspection du canon du fusil
order-arms reposez armes
fix-bayonets baionnette au canon
charge chargez
unfix- bayonets remettez la baionnette
pile arms formez les faisceaux
unpile arms rompez les faisceaux
/ right }
tn tirailleurs a tant de pas froin the< Centre > paces'
right turn par file a droite
left turn . a gauche
about turn derm-tour a droite
on the knee a genou
lie down couchez-yous
charge magazine approvisionnez
fire! - feu!
independent fire feu a volonte
144
rapid fire feu rapide
cease fire cessez le feu
unload dechargez
prepare to mount, mount a cheval
ARTILLERY ARTILLERIE
form line formez-vous par groupes
advance in battery column, alignement sur le centre et en
from the centre, walk. avant
march
advance in column avancez par colonne
right, take ground obliquez
action front feu en avant
action rear feu en arriere
stand fast halte au feu
halt! , halte-la!
who goes there? qui viye?
advance one and give the halte-la, avance au ralliement
countersign
CAVALRY CAVALERIE
On the march En marche
right wheel a droite
left wheel a gauche
left about wheel demi-tour a gauche
on the haunches, right turn, .cavaliers, a droite
on the haunches, left turn ... cavaliers, a gauche
At rest Sur place
draw swords sabre, riain
carry swords presentez, sabre
slope swords portez, sabre
return swords remettez, sabre
advance by sections, from the par la droite par quatre
right, march
the squadron (or regiment) escadron (ou regiment) en
will advance, march. avant
pace ! au pas t
trot ! au trot !
canter ! au galop !
gallop ! au galop allonge !
charge ! chargez
leading section, right wheel, prernier peloton, oblique a
march droite
rally (after the charge, to re- rassembleraent
form squadron)
145
ROUNDS RONDES
officers' rounds ronde d'officiers, /
N. C. O's rounds de sous-officiers
grand rounds major
officer or N. C. O. of the officier ou sous-officier de
rounds . ronde
night rounds ronde de nuit
check rounds centre ronde
to be on one's rounds etre de ronde
to make rounds faire la ronde
halt! halte-la!
v/ho goes there? qui vive?
advance one and give the 'a vance a I'ordre!
counterword
ACTION LE COMBAT
BEFORE ACTION AVANT LE COMBAT
call to arms alarme, f
alarm alerte, f
to go reconnoitering a ller en reconnaissance
o open out a column alionger une colonne
o judge distances apprecier la distance
o lean on appuyer sur ($')
urn out ! aux armes !
o seek the enemy out chercher 1'ennemi
oute column colonne de route, /
oncentration concentration, f
o get under cover, to screen defiler (se)
oneself
deploying deploiement, m
to deploy deployer (*<?)
to tell off a man designer (un homme)
to scout , cclairer, aller en eclaireur
mounted scout eclaireur monte, m
to go astray ... egarer ( ^ }
ambush, ambuscade embuscade, f
day s march, road transport e taoe /
station
to be on spy duty etre aux aguets
to pave the way faciliter la route
false alarm fausse alerte, f
to bring up the rear fermer la marche
to man, to strengthen the line. earnir la ligne de feu
to guide, to lead the way ... .guider
place of assembly .lieu de rassemblement, m
flank or oblique march. .. 9 . .. .marche de flahc, f
night march de nuit, f
forced march x forcee, f
146
to inarch abreast marcher de front
to advance en ay ant
to march in line en ligne
to march off mettre en marche (se)
to order ordonner
to find one's breaings orienter (j')
to open the way to .ouvrir le chemin a
to lead ouvrir la marche
sector secteur m
to follow a road suivre un chemin
to keep up wtlh one quelqu'un
to conform oneself with in- les indications
structions
to take by surprise surprendre
picked troops troupes d'elite, /. pi
IN ACTION L' ACTION
marching rate vitesse de marche, /
to shoot down, lay out abattre
to shell to pieces, to demolish abattre a coups de canon
by gun fire
ho "
to hook on, to cling to the accrocher (j')
ground
fight action
to goad the enemy Aiguillonner Fennemf
to annihilate , .aneantir
to stop an attack ....arreter (une attaque)
to stop the charge la charge
to stem the rush 1'elan de 1'ennemi
to spray with a machine gun.arroser avec une mitrailleuse
assault, storming, onset assaut, m
false attack attaque, f. (foMSst)
counter-attack (contre-)
renewed attack attaque (.renoui'dee)
sudden onslaught (soudaine)
to draw the enemy attirer 1'ennerni
to have an easy job avoir beau jcu
battle Ibataille rangee, /
pitched battle bataille^ f.
in fighting (battle) order. . .bataille (en ordre dc^
to beat or cover with a ma- battre avec une mitraileuse
chine gun
breach breche, f.
gap dans les rangs
goal, object, objective but, objectif, tn
in square carre (en)
field of action champ d'action, m
battlefield champ de bataille, m
target cible, f
lively fight, brisk fight combat anime, rn
fight to the death a mort, m
desultory fight decousu, m
147
fight in the open field en rase campagne, m
snarp fig At, heavy ti^ht violent, rn
to fight hand to hand combattre corps a corps
touch, contact contact, m
to gain touch (prendre le)
to lose touch with (perdre le)
to be in close touch with (tenir etroitemei f)
to keep in touch with (tester en contact avec)
hand-to-hand fight corps a corps
courage, valour courage, m
to cut couper
to riddle with buUeLs cribler de balles
to overthrow culbuter
to clear the ground deblayer le terrain
to outflank deborder
to launch an attack declancher une attaque
defensive defensive, f
to screen oneself, to lurk dissimuler (se)
to deliver an assault donner 1'assaut
to smash the enemy echarper I'ennemi
affray echauffoure, /
check, failure echec, m
to fail echouer
to burst eclater
to crush ecraser
to ovei-whelm the enemy ecraser I'ennemi
to cow the enemy effrayer I'ennemi
to carry by storm emporter d'assaut
to surround, to encircle encercler
to spike a gun enclouer un canon
to break through enfoncer
engagement engagement, m
to carry at the point of the enlever a la balonnette
bayonet, by cold steel
to rush enlever par un coup de main
to invade envahir
skirmish : escarniouche, /.
to provoke the enemy into exciter 1'ennemi a combattre
action
to carry out an attack executer une attaque
to check faire echec
to break into, to rush into... irruption
to push back ; reculer
to mow down faucher
volley feu de salve, m
enfilade fire d'enfilade, in
reverse fire feu de revers, m
effective fire efficace, m
ineffective fire peu efficace, m
to pounce down upon the ^
to'sw'STp down 'upon' the ''f foncer sur 1>enneml
enemy / .
superior forces forces superieures, /. pi
to fight against oHds (lutte centre des)
148
the hottest part of the fight, .fort de 1'action, m
to fight one's way through, i
to make one's way through ( trayer un chemin (se)
to fly, to run away f uir
to go up a hill gravir une hauteur
to climb, to scramble grimper
the main body of the army..gros de Tarmee (Le)
to harass the enemy harasser 1 ennemi
boldness hardiesse, f
to hold the enemy up immobiliser 1'ennemi
initiative initiative, /.
to intercept intercepter
to hurl masses of infantry .. .Jeter des masses d'infanterie
accurate fire, correct aim . . . .justesse de tir, f
to let one have full play laisser faire (de la parte de
1'ennemi)
to advance in disorder marcher a la debandade
melee melee, /.
to aim at mettre en joue
to disable, to cripple mettre hors de combat
to put out of use de service
extended, open order ordre disperse
close order ordre serre, m
bearer of the flag of truce. . . parlementaire, m
to put to the sword passer au fil de Tepee
to pierce . . . . percer
perseverance, dogged ness ...perseverance, f
sham fight, field day ( peace petite guerre, f
time)
trap Piege, m
point d'appui point d'appui, m
within striking distance or portee (d), a proximite de
touch of the enemy 1'ennemi
within rifle range . . . . portee de fusil (a)
gun range de canon (d"
out of range (Hors de)
pursuit poursuite, /
to follow up, to purs ie poursuivre
to push the attack home pousser 1'attaque a fond
to assume the offensive prendre 1'offensive
to push on (an attack} presser une attaque
offensive offensive, /
ouverture, opening ouverture, /
onrush poussee, f
to gain ground progresser
to skim the ground raser le sol
to court battle rechercher le combat
thrust back rejete
encounter rencontre, f
repulsed repousse
to beat off the rushos repousser les assauts
ruse ruse de guerre, f
summons sommation, /
to summon sommer
stratagem stratageme, m
strategy strategic, /
149
to bear the brunt of the supporter 1'effort principal
attack
to make a firm stand tenir boo
to cover tenir en joue
to keep the enemy at bay tenir 1'ennemi en echec
fire at close range tir a courte distance, m
to straggle trainer
storming wave vague d'assaut, f
AFTER ACTION APRfcS LE COMBAT
act of conspicuous gallantry, action d'eclat, f
feat
armistice, truce armistice, m
to stop operations arreter les operations
drawn battle bataille indecise, /
to retire battre en retraite
wounded blesse
wounded and fainted et evanoui
shot wound blessure par coup de feu, f
sword cut blessure par coup de sabre, /.
stretcher brancard, m
booty, loot bntin, m
to capitulate capituler
cartel exchange of prisoners, -cartel d'echange, m.
to give way ceder
to hem in, to surround, to cerner
mention ^n ' dispatches' '.'!.'!.' .'citation a I'ordre de I'armee
mention in orders citation a I'ordre du regiment,
de la brigade, de la division.
to fill up the gaps (pendant (
to'makTgoVd the" casualties 'Vombler les vides
apres le combat) \
bearers' company compagnie de brancardiers,
to hold the conquered ground . coriserver le terrain conquis
check roll contre-appel, m
coup de main coup de main, m
thrust * coup de pointe, m
cut de taille
to oust deloger
deserter, to desert deserteur, m. deserter
flag of truce drapeau blanc, m
flash eclat, m
splinter eclat, tn. (d'pbus)
to crush the enemy for good ^eraser definitivement d'ennemi,
and all
to remove the wounded enlever les blesses
to bury the dead enterrer les morts
to lose heavily eprouver de grosses pertes
return of casualties, casulty tat cles pertes, m
list
150
to evacuate evacuer
to call the roll faire 1'appel
to force back faire reculer
fugitive, runaway f uyard, m
funeral honours honneurs funebres, m. pi
to show the white feather. .. .lache (etre~)
missing manquant
to rout mettre en deroute
to mention in orders a 1'ordre
to die bravely, hard mourir bravement
order of the day ordre du jour, m
hostage otage, m
casualties pertes, f. pL
pillager, looter pillard, m
to loot piller
prisoner prisonnier, m
to rally rallier (se)
to join , rejoindre
return, report rapport, m
to be promoted , recevoir de 1'avancement
to receive the honours of war. recevoir les honneurs de la
guerre
to surrender rendre (se)
reinforcements ren forts, m. pi
falling back epli, m.
to fall back eplier (se)
to drive back epousser
retaliation, reprisals epresailles, /
prowler odeur
last post sonnerie funebre, f
sniper tireur a 1'affut, m.
(canard eur)
straggler trainard, m
killed outright tue raide, m
AUFFORDERUNGEN ZUR ORDER TO
OBERGABE SURRENDER
Bleiben Sie stehen! stand where you are
Ergebet euch, ergeben Sie surrender!
sich !
Gewehre wegwerfen! throw down your rifles!
Hande hoch ! hands up!
Taschen leeren! empty your pockets!
Hinlegen! lie down!
Auf! stand up!
Absitzen ! dismount !
Sie?
Absatteln ! unsaddle your horse !
Kommen Sie! come on!
Riihren Sie sich nicht! ~. . . . .don't move
Folgen Sie mir ! follow me !
Gehen Sie voran! pass in front!
Stehen bleiben! halt!
Achtung ! attention!
151
l b! " trot!
Abmarschieren ! forward !
Gehen sie schnell, langsam!. .quick walk march! slow walk
march!
Zu emem marschieren to march by one
Zu zweien . to march by two
Treten Sie vor ! step forward
Vorwarts marsch! quick march!
Gerade aus! straight on!
Ruhet euch! stand at ease!
Ruhet euch an der Stelle! stand at ease on place 1
Die Pause the halt
QUESTIONING A PRISONER OR A WOUNDED
ENEMY.
Wie heissen Sie? what is your name?
Ihr Familienname ? your surname ?
Ihr Taufname? your Christian name;*
Geben Sie mir Ihre Legiti-give me your papers
mationspapiere
Ihr Militarbuch? your service book?
Ihre Erkennungsplatte ? your identity disc?
Welches ist Ihr Beruf? what is your profession?
Wann und wo hat man Siewhen and where were you
gefangen? taken prisoner?
Wie lautet der Auftrag Ihrer what orders had your patrol
Patrouille? received?
Wie sind Sie bei diesem Pa-how far did you carry them
trouillegang vorgegangen?. . out?
Zu welchem Regiment ge-to which regiment do you be-
hbren Sie? long?
Geben Sie mir Auskunfte give me information regarding
liber die gegewwartige Lage the present position of your
Ihres Regiments regiment
Wie stark ist Ihr Regiment, .what is the strength of it?
Wie ist es verteilt? how is it told off?-
Wo ist Ihr letztes Quartier where did you stop last?
gewesen ?
Ist Ihr Drahtloser Telegraph is your wireless in good work-
in Ordnung ? ing order?
Wie viele Aeroplane haben siehow many aeroplanes have you?
Wie lang sind Sie in dieserhow long have you been in
Gegend ? these parts?
Wie heisst Ihr Regiments-what is the name of your
kommandeur? colonel
Wie stark waren Ihre Ver-what were your losses during
luste im letzten Gefecht? . . the last fight?
Wo sind Ihre Reserven? where are your reserves?
Sind Sie durstig? are you thirsty?
152
burning liquids
Befinden sich Infanteriehave you got any incendiary
Brandgeschosse? .......... bombs?
Befinden sich noch weitereare there any more trencher
Schanzgraben dahinter? ... behind?
Wo sind Ihre Stollen? ....... where are your dug-outs?
Wo sind Ihre Unterstande?. .where are your reserve dug-
outs?
Wo befindet sich der Beob-wher e is the observing post, or
achtungs- oder Befehls- post of command?
Wo befmden* sich' Ihre' Horchlwhere are your listening and
posten? Durchlassposten? examination posts?
Wo befinden sich die Durch- where ar e your connecting
gange in Ihren Graben?..., trenches?
Wieviel Maschinengewhre how man y machine guns are
haben Sie? ............... put up there?
Wo ist die Stellung Ihrer what . n ls the position of your
Artillerie? ................ artillery?
Wo ist Ihre Kavallerie? ...... where is your cavalry
Wie stark ist sie? ............ w a j 1S the strength of it?,
Wie stark ist das Dorf be- wh f f ar .e ih % forces occupying
setzt? the Vllla g e?
K, " AU " " " " " ' " ~'v ...... where does this path lead to?
zur Abzweigung ? ..... .'....
Lauft der Weg in der freien does tne road run through opev
Ebene? ........... . country?
Wieviel Kilometer bis ____ ?. . . what j s the distance to
Wie heisst dieses Gehoft?. . . what ! s ^ e name of this * a rm?
Wie heisst dieses Dorf? ..... what is the name of this place,
village ?
Ist der Hugel am Dorfe starkare there any entrenchments
.verschanzt? ......... ...... on the hill near the village?
3ind Soldaten im Waldeare there any troops in the
von . . . . ? .................. wood of . . . . ?
Wie war Ihre Verpflegung ? . .how were you treated?
Wurden Ihre Vorratwagenwere your supply trains
Zerstort ? ................ destroyed ?
Wo befindet sich Ihr Provi- where is your supply depot?
antlager? .................
Wo benfindet sich Ihr Muni-where is your ammunition de-
tionslager? ............... pot?
An welchem Orte ist einewhere was the river or stream
Pontonbrucke geschlagen bridged over?
worden ? ..................
Hat man die Eisenbahn-has the railway bridge been.
brucke zerstort ? .......... destroyed ?
Befinden sich die Eisenbahn-is the track in good condition?.
geleise in gutem Zustande?. .
153
Sind am Ufer des Flusses are there trenches al the
Schutzgraben geworfen? .. r j v er?
Hat unser Artilleriefeuer in have your Hnes su ff er ed much
Ihren Linien viel Schaden from our art ill e ry fire?
beigebracht?
Wie viele Volltreffer hat un- how many hlts did our artil _
sere Artillerie bei Ihnen i ery ma k e j>
aufzuweisen ?
Hat Ihr Regiment Verstark- was your reg iment reinforced?
ungen erhalten?
Was fur Truppen? what did the details consist of?
Wie ist die Verschanzunghow are your first trenches
Ihrer ersten Lime verteidigt ?. manned ?
Wo hat das Gefecht stattge-where did the fight take place?
funden ?
Wo befindet sich Ihre Mechstewhere is your nearest tele-
Telephonstelle? phone station?
Ist jemand unter euch wer-are any of you wounded?
wundet ?
Haben Sie ein Flieger Corps?, .have you an aviation corps?
Verwundet durch Gewehr- wounde( j by bullet or splinter ? t
schuss oder Granatsp litter?.
Haben Sie einen Notverbanddid you nse your first-aid
angelerrt? packet?
Ist die Wunde tief? is the wound a severe one?
Konnen Sie noch gehen?. . . .can you walk?
Haben Sie viel Schmerzen ? . . . are you in great pain ?
Sind Sie hungrig? are you hungry?
Cibt es einen Furt in deris there a ford close byr
nahe?
154
HOW TO DISTINGUISH
FRENCH ARMY INTERPRETERS
French -army interpreters are of three classes:
1st Class ranks as captain.
2nd class ranks as lieutenant*
3rd class ranks as second lieutenant.
The distinguishing badge of French Army Interpreters, is a
blue velvet band, worn on the cap, with the badges of rank
above the band. They also wear a blue velvet gorget, and
on the cap and gorget a gold-laced olive leaf. The jacket
buttons are marked with a sphynx. Probationer interpreters
(interpretes stagiaiers) rank as sergeant-majors and wear the
same badge, except of course that the lace is russia, silver
entwined with red silk.
Auxiliary interpreters (interpretes auxiliaries . ou de comple-
ment) are men from all arms, from private up to sergeant-ma-
jor, and wear, besides their own corps badges, a spyhnx carved
ut in metal on a blue gorget.
155
MILEAGE
Linear Measure.
8 kilometres = 5 miles.
1 metre= 39 1/3 inches
1 inch is un pouce.
1 foot is un pied.
Mileage.
Superficial Measure.
A re =100 square metres.
Hectare (10,000 square metres) =2^ acres.
A kilometre (1,000 metres) = 1,093 yards=5/g mile.
Centiare (1 square metre) = 1 1/5 square yards.
MEASURES
, Liquid Measure.
A litre=l^ pints.
A decalitre (10 litres) =2 ballons.
A hectolitre (100 litres) =22 gallons or 2& bushels.
WEIGHTS
Gramme=l/30 oz.
Hectogramme = 3 1 / 2 oz.
Demikilogramme=l Ib.
Kilpgramme = 2 1/5 Ib.
MONEY
Value of French Coinage in U. S. Money.
(The exchange value varies from day to day, so we give
herewith the approximate values) :
5 centimes a penny
10 two cents
25 " five cents
50 ten cents
125 " twenty-five cents
NOTE: 100 centimes equal one franc, which equals twenty
cents in U. S. money. A franc however has slightly more pur-
chasing power than twenty cents (U. S. money) and often pur-
chases as much as an American quarter.
5 francs one dollar.
10 francs two dollars.
25 francs five dollars.
There is also a gold coin of twenty francs, called a louis or
napoleon.
156
APPENDIX OF
Regular Verbs of First Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in ER)
NOTE: These regular verbs are conjugated
exactly like Parler on page 73.
abdiquer
aboyer
abuser de
accabler
accepter
accompagner
accorder
accorder (un piano)
s'accorder avec
accoutumer
s'accoutumer a
accrocher
accuser
accuser reception de
acheter
achever
acquitter
additionner
administrer
admirer
adresser
s'adresser a
affamer
affirmer
affliger
agenouiller
agir
agrafer
aider
aimer
alterer
aj outer
allumer
amener and
apporter
To abdicate
bark
abuse (A), take advan-
overwhelm [tage of
accept
accompany
grant, agree
tune
agree with
accustom
get accustomed to
hook, hang
accuse
acknowledge the re-
buy [ceipt of
finish
acquit, receipt a bill
add up
administer
admire
address (B)
apply to
starve
affirm
afflict, distress
kneel
act
hook, fasten
help, assist
love, like, be fond of
make thirsty
add
light, kindle
bring (to lend) (c)
157
amputer
amuser
s'amuser
analiser
annoncer
appeler
apporter and
amener
apprecier
appreter
apprivoiser
approcher
s'approcher de
approuver
appuyer
arracher
arracher (une dent)
arroser
assister a
associer
s'associer avec
assurer
s'assurer de or que
attacher
attaquer
atteler
attiser
attraper
avaler
avancer
augmenter
avpuer
baigner
bailler
baiser
baisser
balayer
baptiser
bavarder
becher
bercer
To amputate
amuse [self
amuse or enjoy one's
analyse, parse
announce, inform
call
bring (to carry) (c)
appreciate
get ready, dress (a dish)
tame [nearer
approach, bring
come or go near
approve
lean, dwell upon
root up, pluck out
pull out, draw (a tooth)
water (plants)
be present at, attend
take into partnership
go into partnership with
. assure
ascertain that
attach, fasten, tie
attack
harness
stir (the fire)
catch
swallow [on
advance, move on, get
augment, increase, rile,
get up (in price)
own, acknowledge
bathe
gape, yawn
kiss
lower, let down
sweep
christen
chatter
dig
rock, lull
158
blesser
boucler
boutonner
briller
bruler
cacher
cacheter
calomnier
capturer
casser
causer
ceder
chanter
charbonner
charger
charmer
chasser
chatouiller
chauffer
chausser (e)
se chausser
chercher
aller chercher
venir chercher
envoy er chercher
coiffer (f)
collecter
coller
commander
commencer
complimenter
compter (g)
compter stir
condamner
conferer
confesser
congedier
conjuguer
conseiller
consulter
contenter
contrarier
Fo injure, wound
buckle
button
shine, glitter
burn
hide, conceal
seal
calumniate, slander
capture
break
talk, converse, chat
yield, give away
sing
coal
load, charge (d)
charm
chase, hunt, turn out
tickle
warm, heat
fit, put on [ings
put on shoes or stock-
seek, look for, try
go and fetch, go for
come and fetch, come
send for [for
dress the hair
collect
stick
command, order
commence, begin
compliment
count, reckon, expect
depend or rely upon
convict
parley
confess
dismiss, discard
conjugate
advise
consult
content, satisfy
tease, vex
159
center
continuer
converser
copier
corriger
coucher
coucher en joue
se coucher
couper
courtiser
couter
cracher
crayonner
creer
creuser
crier
crotter
cuisiner
cultiver
daigner
damner
danser
datcr
debarquer
se debarrasser de
dechiffrer
dechirer
decider
declarer
decouper
decrocher
decrotter
dedommager
defier
se defier de
degrafer
dejeuner
deleguer
delier
demander
demenager
To relate
continue
converse
copy
correct
lie down, sleep (a)
take aim at
go to bed, lie doivn
cut, chop
court
cost
spit
sketch, draw
create
dig
cry, hollow
splash (with mud}
cook
cultivate
deign
darn
dance
date
disembark, land
get rid of
make out (writing)
tear
decide
declare
carve
take down, unhook
brush off, clean
indemnify, make up for
defy, dare one
mistrust
unhook, unfasten
breakfast
commission
untie, unfasten
ask
remove (furniture)
160
demeurer To dwell, liv
demonter dismount
depenser spend money or time
deposer deposit
deranger disturb, put out
desalterer quench the thirst
se desalterer quench one's thirst
desenivrer get or make sober
desennuyer enliven, amuse
deshabiller undress
se deshabituer de break one's self of a
habit
deshonorer dishonour
dessiner draw
desirer desire, wish
deballer unpack
deboucher unbuckle
decharger unload
denier deny
demander request, ask
depecher dispatch
desatteler unharness
desagreer disagree
detacher detach, untie, unfasten
detromper undeceive
developper develop, open
devider wmd (thread)
dieter dictate
differer differ
digerer digest
diner dine
diriger direct
discuter discuss
dispenser exempt
donner give
doubler double, line
douter de doubt
se douter de suspect
durer last [a light
eclairer light, enlighten, show
eel ate r ^ burst, splinter
economiser economise, save
161
ecouter
eculer
effacer
effrayer
egaler
egarer
s'egarer
egayer
egratigner
electriser
emballer
embarquer
embarrasser
s'embarrasser peu de
embrasser
emmener and /%
emporter **/
empecher de
employer
empoisonner
emprisoner
emprunter
encercler.
enchainer
endosser
endosser (k)
endurer
enfermer
enfoncer
enjoler
engraisser
enivrer
s'enivrer
enlever
ennuyer
enregistrer
enrhumer
s'enrhumer
enroler
enseigner
enterrer
entrer
To listen to
tread down (jhoes)
efface, rub off
frighten
equal
mislay, mislead
stray, lose one's way
enliven
scratch
electrify
pack
embark, ship off
embarrass
care little for
embrace, kiss
take away, carry away
prevent, hinder
employ, use
poison
imprison
borrow
surround
chain
endorse (a bill)
put on (a coat)
endure
shut up, lock up
sink
wheedle (gammon)
fatten, grow fat
intoxicate
get intoxicated
take away
annoy, weary
record
give a cold
lake or catch cold
enlist
teach
bury
enter, come, or go in
162
envelopper
envier
environner
envisager
epargner
epauler
epeler
epouser
se marier
marier
eriger
escompter
esperer
essayer de, a
essuyer
estimer
etpnner
'etonner de
etouffer '
etran^ler
etudfer
etuver
eveiller
eviter
excuser
s'excuser
executer
s'exercer a
exhauser
exiger
expedier
expliquer
exprimet;
feliciter
fermer
>e f ier d
flatter
flotter
former
frapper
fracturer
To wrap up
envy, covet
surround
stare in the face
spare (/), save
shoulder
spell
marry (m^
erect
discount
hope
try, endeavor
wipe, dust
esteem, value
astonish
wonder at
choke
strangle
study
stew
awake
avoid
excuse
apologise
in act
practise (n)
exhaust
require, expect, exact
mail
explain
express
congratulate
close, shut
trust to
flatter
float
form
knock, strike
fracture
163
frictionner
frissonner
frotter
fumer
gager
gagner
ganter
garder
gater
geler
gener (o)
gouter
ggraisser
gresiller
griffonner
griller
grimper
griser
se griser
gronder
grogner
guider
habiller
habiter
honorer
huiler
humilier
ignorer
imaginer
imprimer
incendier
incinerer
informer
injecter
inoculer
insulter
inventer
irriter
j eter
To rub
shiver, shudder
scrub
smoke
wager, bet
gain, earn, win, get
fit (with gloves)
keep
spoil
freeze
( be in the way
(of boots) to pinch or
\ be^ tight
\ (of clothes) to be tight,
taste, lunch [to hurt
grease
select
scribble %
broil ^
climb
make tipsy
get tipsy
scold
groan
drive
dress
inhabit
honour
oil
humble
be ignorant of
imagine
print
fire
cremate
inform, inquire
inject
inoculate
insult
invent
irritate
throw, cast
164
jeuner
jouer a
juger
labourer
lacher
laisser
lasser
se lasser de
laver
lever
se lever
Her
livrer
livrer bataille
louer (p)
louer (quelqu'un)
macher
mander
manger
manquer
marquer
masser
mesurer
menacer
mendier
mener or conduire (i)
Mepriser
meriter
meubler
mousser
monter
monter a cheval
montrer
moucher,
se moucher
nager
negliger
neiger
nettoyer
nier
nommer
To fast
play, perform
judge
plough
let go
let, leave, allow
tire, fatigue
get tired of
wash
raise, rise, life
get up
tie, fasten
deliver up
fight a battle
hire or let
praise (some one)
gnaw, masticate, chew
let know, inform
eat
fail, want
m^ark
massage
measure
threaten
beg
lead, conduct, take to
despise
merti, deserve
furnish (a house)
lather
mount, ascend, come or
m go up
ride on horseback
show
snuff a candle
blow one's nose
swim
neglect
snow
clean
deny
name, call
165
nouer
noyer
obliger
observer
occuper
offenser
operer
ordonner
oser
oter
oublier
panser
pardonner
parfumer
parier
parler
partager
passer
passer chez
passer a
patiner
payer
pecher
pecher
peler
penser, d, de (r)
peser
piloter
pincer
piquer
se piquer de
placer
planter
pleurer
plier
poignarder
ponctuer
porter
poser
poser
faire poser (slang)
Fo tie in a knot
drown
oblige
observe, notice
occupy
offend
operate
order
dare
take off, remove
forget [wounds
groom horses, dress
pardon, forgive
perfume
bet. wager
speak
share, divide
pass, spend (time)
call upon
call at
skate
pay
fish
sin
peel, pare, scald
think of
weigh
pilot
pinch
prick, sting, spur
pride one's self, to take
lay
plant
weep, cry [offence
bend
stab
punctuate [take (s)
carry, to wear, to
lay down, place
sit (for one's portrait)
make a fool of one
166
pousser
precher
preferer
preparer
presenter
presser
preter
prier
priser
priver
promenef
se promencr
prononcer
proposer
se proposer
proteger
qualifier
quereller
questionner
quitter
raccommoder
racier
raconter
raffiner *
railler
raisonner
ramasser
ramener
ramer
ramper
ranger
rappeler
se rappeler de
rapporter
se rapporter a
raser
reciter
recommander
recompenser
recruter
refuser
To push, utter, raise, urge
preach
prefer
prepare, get ready
present
press, hurry
lend
pray, beg, ask
take snuff, value goods
deprive
ride (horse or carriage)
walk (to take a walk)
pronounce
propose
intend
protect, patronise
qualify
quarrel
question
quit, leave, part
mend (clothes)
scrape
relate
refine
jeer, joke, jest
reason, argue
pick up, collect
bring back
' row
crawl, creep, cringe
put in order or away
call back, recall, or
remind
recollect or remember
bring back
relate or refer to
shave
recite
recommend
recompense, reward
recruit
refuse
167
regaler
To treat, regale
regarder
look at
regretter
regret
rehabiliter
rehabilitate
relacher
loosen
relier
bind (books)
remedier
remedy
remercier
thank
remonter
wind up (a watch)
remuer
move, stir
rencontrer
meet
reparer
repair
repasser
iron, whet, call again
reposer
rest
reprimander
reprimand
reprocher
reproach
respecter
respect
respirer
breathe
rester
remain, stay, stop, stand
se retirer
retreat, withdraw
reveiller
wake up, rise
rever
dream-
ronger
gnaw
rouiller
rust i
ruiner
ruin
saigner
bleed
saler
salt
saluer
salute, bow to
sangloter
sob
sauter
jump, leap
sauver
save
savonner
soap
sedier
dry
semer
sow
serrer
press, squeeze, put away
signaler
signal
siffler
whistle, hiss \tient)
soigner (un malade)
attend, nurse (a pa-
se soigner de
take care of one's self
sonner
ring
souhaiter
wish [assuage
soulager
relieve, comfort,
168
souler
To make drunk
se souler
get drunk
souligner
underline
soupgonner
suspect, doubt
souft'ler ^
blow
songer a
think of
souper
sup
soupirer
sigh
succeder a
succeed to
sucrer
sugar, sweeten
suffoquer
suffocate
supposer
suppose
tacher a, de .
try, endeavor
tacher
stain
tailler
mend (pens)
tarder a, de
delay, long to
tater
feel
telegraphier
telegraph
telephoner
telephone
tenter
attempt, tempt
tirer
draw, fire, pull
tirer un . coup de fusil
fire, let off a gun
tomber
fall
torpiller
torpedo
toucher
touch
tousser
cough
tourner
turn
transporter
transport
se trainer
crawl
traiter
transact
transferer
transfer
travailler
work, labour
trebucher
stumble
tromper
deceive
se tromper
make a mistake, be mis-
trouver
find [taken
tuer
kill
uriner
urinafe
user^
use, wear out
vacciner
vaccinate
vanter
extol, praise
169
se vanter de To boast
vaquer a ses affaires attend to one's business
veiller watch, sit up
verser pour out, upset
vider empty
viser aim
visiter visit
voler fly, steal, rob
voyager travel
FOOT NOTES
(A) The French for TO ABUSE, used in the "sense of to in-
sult, is not abuser, but injurier, accabler d'injures, dire des
injures, or dire des sottises.
(B) To ADDRESS a person by word of mouth is adresser la
parole a; by letter, ecrire a.
AC) To BRING, when used in the sense of to lead, is
rendered by AMENER, as amcner une persorme, un cheval, une
voiture, ses amis, etc., TO BRING a person, a horse, a carriage,
one's friends, etc.; but when TO BRING implies to carry, it is ex-
pressed by APPORTER, as, apporter un livre, une lettre, un
couteau, etc., TO BRING a book, letter, knife, and so on.
(D) To CHARGE, when used in English with reference to
the cost or price of anything, is rendered by demander, prendre,
or faire payer, as, How much do you charge a lesson? Combien
prenez-vous par legon? You charge too much, vous demandez
trop.
(E) CHAUSSER is peculiar to French, and has no equivalent
in English; thus in speaking of a boot or shoe maker, we say,
C'est mi qui me CHAUSSE, it is he who works for me; Qui est-
ce qui yous CHAUSSE f Who is your bootmaker? Whilst elle
est toujours bien CHAUSSEE, stands for, she has always neat
boots and shoes on.
(F) COIFFER is used thus, Qui est-ce qui vous COIFFE? Je
me COIFFE moi-meme. Who dresses or does your hair? I do
it myself. In speaking of a hat or bonnet we say, Ce chapeau
vous COIFFE bien, that hat or bonnet becomes you well.
(G) COMPTER stands for TO EXPECT, when used with an
infinitive, as, je compte partir demain, / expect to start to-
morrow.
(H) To SLEEP, when used in the sense of to pass the
night, is rendered by COUCHER, as, I sleep in the country, je
couche a la campagne; 7 sleep alone, je couche seul; but when
the act of sleeping is implied, to sleep is expressed by DORMIR,
as, I did not sleep well last night, je n'ai pas bien dormi la
nuit derniere; you will sleep better to-night, vous dormires
mieux cette nuit.
170
(j) We use EMMENER in speaking of what we can lead
but do not arry, and EMPORTER in speaking of things that may
be carried, as emmenes-moi, take me with you; Si vous allez
a Paris emmenercs-vous vos enfants? If you go to Paris will
you take your children with you? Puisque vous allez a la
poste emportez ma lettre, since you are going to the post-office
take my letter with you. (See also notes to mener and porter.)
(K) Dos means the back: ENDOSSER, to put on the back:
Endossez votre habit (familiar), put on your coat.
(L) "I cannot SPARE you," "Can you SPARE your book?"
and such sentences, cannot be rendered, Je ne puto vous
epargner; Pouvez vous epargner votre livre? I cannot SPARE
you, is j'ai besoin de vous; je ne saurais me passer de vous.
Can you spare your book? Avez-vous besoin de votre livre?
Pouvez-vous vous passer de votre livre, etc.
(M) SE MARIER (reflective) is to get married: JE ME
MARIERAI quand j'aurai cinq cents livres de rente, / shall get
married (or / shall marry) when I have five hundred a year.
MARIER (not reflective) is the act of the clergyman: C'est le
frere de ma femme qui nous a MARIES, it was my wife's brother
who married us. POUSER is used in speaking of or describing
the man or woman we marry; thus, j'ai epouse une Anglaise, /
married an Rnglishivoman. Elle a epouse un homme tres-riche,
she married a very rich man; Voulez-vous M'EPOUSER? Will
you marry me?
(N) To PRACTISE is rendered s'exercer or etudier, but not
"pratiquer." I practise the piano, je m'exerce au piano, or
j'etudie le piano; Go and practise, Allez a votre piano, or
mettez-vous a votre piano.
(o) Cette table nous gene, that table is in our way; mes
bottes me genent, my boots are too tight, or they pinch me;
Ou votre habit vous gene-t-il? Where does your coat feel tight
or hurt you?
(p) J'ai hue une maison, I have taken a house; J'ai loue
ma maison. / have let my house.
(Q) MENER, to lead, to conduct, to take to; Mener une
personne au theatre, mener un cheval a 1'ecurie, to take a per-
son to the theatre; to take a horse to the stable. In translating,
take me to the theatre, do not therefore say, prenez-moi au
theatre, but menez-moi or conduisez-moi. Likewise, instead of
prenez cette lettre a la poste (take that letter to the post), say,
carry that letter, portez cette lettre. (See note to emmener.)
(R) Penser a means simply to think of a person or thing,
as, je pense a mon frere, I am thinking of my brother: il
pense a ses affaires, he thinks of his business; but penser de
implies opinion, as que pensez-vous de moi? What do you
tlnnk of me? (What is your opinion of me?) Oue pensez-vous
de ce tableau? What do you think of that picture? (What is
your opinion of that picture?)
(s) To TAKE, when used in the sense of to carry, is
rendered by PORTER, thus we say, portez cette lettre a la poste,
take that letter to the post-office; portez cela dans ma chambre,
take that to my room. (See emmener.)
171
APPENDIX OF
Regular Verbs of Second Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in IR)
NOTE: These regular verbs are conjugated
exactly like Finis on page 77.
abolir To abolish
abrutir stupify, brutalize
s'abrutir become brutalized
accomplir accomplish
adoucir soften, soothe
affaiblir enfeeble, weaken
affermir strengthen, make firm
affranchir prepay (letters}
agir act
agrandir enlarge, aggrandize
aigrir embitter, turn sour
aneantir annihilate
applaudir applaud
aplanir smooth, remove
cullies
appro fondir , sift, dive into
assortir match, sort, stock
s'assoupir drowse, doze
attendrir soften, move
avertir warn, let know, inform
avilir vilify, debase
bannir banish
batir build
benir (a) bless, consecrate
blanchir whiten, bleach
convertir convert
cherir cherish
choisir choose, select pick out
decotivrir uncover
definir define
demolir demolish
desobeir disobey
se divertir enjoy one's self
eblouir dazzle
eclaircir clear up, enlighten
diffi-
172
elargir
To widen, set at liberty
embellir
embellish
emplir
an
endurcir
harden
s'enhardir
grow bolder
enlaidir
grow ugly
ennoblir
ennoble
enrichir
enrich
ensevelir
shroud, bury
envahir
invade
etablir
establish x
etourdir
stun, deafen
evanouir
faint
finir
end
flechir
move, touch
flechir (le genou)
bend the knee
fletrir
fade, wither, stigmatise
fleurir
blossom, bloom
fournir
furnish, supply
fremir
shudder
garantir
guarantee
garnir
garnish, trim
gemir de
groan, moan, lament
gesir (b)
lie (ill or dead)
grandir
grow up or taller
guerir
\ cure, get well
ha'ir (c)
hate
honnir (d)
accurse
jaunir
turn yellow
jouir de
enjoy
lotir (e)
allot, portion
maigrir
grow thin
meurtrir
bruise
moisir
mildew
mugir
roar
munir
furnish, supply
miirir
ripen
noircir
blacken
nourrir
nourish, feed, nurse
obeir a
obey
obscurcir
darken
173
obtenir
ouiir (f)
ourdir
palir
perir
polir
pourrir
punir
rajeunir
reflechir a '
se refroidir
se rejouir de
remplir
retablir
retenir
se retrecir
reunir
reussir a
rotir (faire)
rougir
roussir
salir
saisir
sentir
subir
tarir
ternir
trahir
travestir
unir
vernir
vieillir
vomir
To get
hear
warp, pi *t
grow pale
perish
polish, brighten, refine
rot
punish
grow young again
reflect, think
grow colder, cool
rejoice at
fill, fulfil
set to rights again
arrest
shrink (of stuffs)
reunite, assemble, collec
succeed (be successfw
in)
roast
redden, colour, blush
scorch, singe
soil, dirty
seize
smell
undergo
dry up, drain
tarnish
betray
disguise
unite
varnish, japan
grow old
vomit
FOOT NOTES
(A) The past part, is beni, benie, when b6nir means to
bless; but benit, benite, when it means to consecrate, as du
pain benit, de 1'eau b6nite.
174
(B) The verb gesir is defective, the only forms now in use
being the participle present gisant, Un corps gisant sur la terre,
a corpse lying on the ground; and the 3rd pers. pres. ind. i7
fit, which mostly occurs in epitaphs, as, Ci-git Pierre 1'avare,
{ere lies Peter the Miser.
(c) The three persons sing, present indie, of this verb
are, je hais, tu hais, il halt, but all the others are hat; that
is, a and i are pronounced apart, the i having two dots (trema
or diaeresis) throughout (nous haissons, etc.).
(D) Only used in the participle past honni. "Honni soit
qui mal y pense."
(E) Seldom used but in this (popular) sense, Me voilct
bien loti or lotie, here I am in a nice predicament.
(F) Ou'ir, like gesir, is defective, the only forms now in
use being the compound tenses, j'ai oui, etc., which are mostly
used with parler or dire, as j'ai oui parler de cet auteur, /
have heard of that author; Avez-vous oui dire que 1'empereur
est a Londres? Have you heard that the emperor is in London?
175
APPENDIX OF
Regular Verbs of Third Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in OIR)
NOTE: These regular verbs are conjugatec
exactly like Recevoir on page 8 1 .
apercevoir
concevoir
decevoir
devoir
percevoir
recevoir
To perceive
conceive
deceive'
owe
collect (rents or taxes)
receive
176
APPENDIX OF
Regular Verbs of Fourth Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in RE)
NOTE: These regular verbs are conjugated
exactly like Rendre on page 85.
abattre
appendre
apprendre
attendre
se battre
condescendre
conduire
confondre
correspondre
defendre
idefendre de
demordre
demordre (en)
dependre
dependre de
descendre
detendre
detordre
entendre
etendre
fendre
fondre
fondre sur
mordre
morfondre (se)
moudre
pendre
To knock, extinguish
hang up (a)
learn
wait for (b) , expect
fight
condescend
lead
confound, confuse, mis-
take
correspond
defend
forbid (c)
let go
desist
unhang, take down (d)
depend, be dependent
on or upon (e)
come or go down, de-
scend
unbend, slacken
untwist
hear, understand (/)
stretch out, extend
split t , cleave, crack (#)
melt, cast or smelt
(metals)
pounce, fall upon (h)
bite
dance attendance
grind
hang, hang up ()
177
perdre
pondre
pourfendre
prendre
pretendre
refendre
refondre
rendre
rendre (se)
rendre (se) a
repandre
reperdre
repondre a
repondre de
retendre
retondre
retordre
revendre
surprendre
survendre
suspendre
tendre
tendre un piege
tondre
tordre
vendre
To lose
lay eggs (/)
cleave in twain (k)
get
pretend, intend, maintain
recut (I)
recast or melt down
render, return, restore
(m)
surrender, yield (n)
go or co'me, repair to
(0)
spill, spread (/>)
lose again
reply, answer (q)
answer for (r)
bend again
shear again '
twist again
resell
surprise
overcharge
suspend \out (j)
stretch, put forth, hold
lay a snare
shear (sheep)
twist,
sell
FOOT NOTES
(A) Said only of things hung up in churches as votive
offerings: On appendit dans le temple les drapeaux pris sur
1'ennemi, the flags taken from the enemy were hung up in the
church.
(B) Attendre is active in French; we therefore say,
^'attends mon frere, / expect my brother (not j'attends POUR
tnon frere").
(c) Je defends mes droits, 7 defend my rights; Je vous
defends de passer, 7 forbid you to pass, or you must not pass.
(D) Pendre is to hang up; rf^pendre is therefore to unhan?
or take down: Dependez ce tableau, unhang or take- d-own that
picture.
178
(E) Cela dependra des circqnstances, thai will depend on
circumstances; Le succes de I'affaire depend de lui, the suc-
cess of the affair depends on him; Je ne depends de personne;
Jc ne depends que de moi seul; I am dependent on no one; I
am only dependent on myself.
(F) Entendre is used in some constructions for comprendre :
Entendez-vous le frangais? Do you understand French ?
(c) Fendez ce bois, split that wood; Le vaisseau fendait
les ondes, the ship was cleaving (or ploughing) the waves;
Vous avez fendu cette cruche, you have cracked that pitcher,
(H) L'animal fondit sur sa proie, the animal pounced upon
its prey; L'ennemi viiit fondre sur nous, the enemy fell upon
us.
(i) Qu'on le pende, let him be hanged; Pendez votre habit,
hang up your coat.
(j) The third persons of pondre only can be used:
Notre poule pond, our hen lays eggs; Elle pendait, it was lay-
ing; Elle pondra, it will lay, and so on.
(K) Jean pourfendit le geaiit, Jack clove the giant in two.
(L) II pretend commander ici a tout le monde; he pre-
tends or claims the rigut of commanding everybody here; Que
pretendez-vous faire a present? What do you intend doing
now? Je pretends que mon systeme est meilleur que le votre,
/ maintain that my system is better than yours.
(M) Rcndre un service, to render a service; Rendre jus-
tice, to render or do justice; Rendre un objet ou de 1'argent
emprunte, to return a thing or money borrowed; Rendre un
objet vole, to return a thing stolen; Rendre temoignage, to
bear tesimony; Rendre une pensee, une idee, un passage, to
render, to express, to convey a thought, an idea, or a passage
(.of a book).
(N) Vous etes mon prisonnier, rendez-vous, you are my
prisoner, surrender: La garde meurt, mais elle ne se rent
pas, the guard dies, "but does not surrender.
(o) Rendez-vous a votre bureau, go to your office; Ren-
des-vous ici demain a sept heures, come or be here to-morrow
at seven o'clock; Je me rendis a mon hotel, I repaired or went
to my hotel; II se rendit de Londres a Liverpool par le chemin
de fer, He went from London to Liverpool by rail.
t (P) Vous avez repandu la sauce sur la nappe, you have
spilt the sauce on thg tablecloth; Pourquoi repandre de tels
bruits? Why spread such reports f
(Q) Reponere, used in the sense of to answer, is followed
by d: Je Depends at vos questions, 7 answer your questions; Je
repondis a votre lettre, 7 answered your letter.
(R) Used in the sense of to anszver for, repondre is fol-
lowed by de: Je reponds de lui, 7 answer for him; Vous me
repondrez de cela, you will be answerable to me for that.
(s) Tendez cette corde. stretch that rope: Tendez la main.
hold out your hand.
179
IRREGULAR VERBS
Most verbs of the French language are
REGULAR, but a few of those in most com-
mon use are IRREGULAR, and we give those
IRREGULAR FRENCH VERBS on the fol-
lowing pages, and show the conjugations which
they come under.
The individual irregularities of each irregular
verb must be learned separately by the pupil and
committed to memory, but soldiers who are
about to leave for France probably have not
sufficient time to learn the slight irregularities
of each and every one of the following verbs
right away, and until they have time to give this
important matter minute study, Mr. Detwiler
suggests that it will be permissible and alto-
gether better that when using any of the follow-*
ing irregular verbs in active sentences the pupil
will conjugate and use them precisely as if they
were regular in every respect. In so doing the
pupil necessarily will make grave mistakes in his
grammar, but the meaning of his utterances will
be perfectly clear and understandable to any
auditor who knows the French language.
180
Irregular Verbs of First Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in ER)
aller To walk
puer
181
Irregular Verbs of Second Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in IR)
acquenr
assaillir
bouillir
conquerir
courir
couvrir
cueillir
defaillir
dormir
s'enquerir
faillir
fuir
gesir
hair
mentir
mourir
offrir
partir
se repentir
requerir
saillir
sentir
sortir
souffrir
tenir
tressaillir
venir
vetir
ouir
ouvrir
servir
To acquire
assail
boil
conquer
run
cover
gather
jail, decay
sleep
inquire
fail
flee, escape
here lies
hate
lie
die
offer
depart
repent
require, request
project
smell
to get out
suffer
hold
to thrill, start
come
clothe
hear
open
serve
182
Irregular Verbs of Third Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in OIR)
asseoir To sit
avoir have
choir fall
dechoir forfeit
devoir owe
echoir expire
falloir need
mouvoif move
pleuvoir rain
pourvpir provide
prevoir foresee
savoir know
surseoir suspend
valoir procure
voir see
vouloir will
IMPERSONAL VERBS.
You should know about impersonal verbs. They are
conjugated with the third person only and therefore are
easily mastered. Please note that they all form the PAST
INDEFINITE with AVOIR, excepting S'Agir (de) = to be
in question; to be the point; to be at stake; to be the affair
at issue; which takes ETRE, viz:
PRESENT INDICATIVE. II pleut It rains or it is
raining.
FUTURE. II pleuvra. I* will rain.
PAST INDEFINITE. II a plu. It has rained. It J:a>
been raining.
IMPERFECT. II pleuvait. It was raining. It used to rain.
PAST INDEFINITE. II plut. It rained. It did rain.
FALLIOR = to be necessary, or must.
Its forms, in the same order as above, are; il faut; il faudra;
il a fallu; il fallait; il fallut.
Y AVOIR = there to be.
Its forms are; il y a; il y sura; il y a eu; il y avait; il
y cut.
S'AGIR = to be in questiion.
Its forms are; il s'agit; il s'agira; il s'est agi; il s'agissa't;
il s'agit.
ARRIVER = to happen.
It forms are; il arrive; il arrivera; il arrive; il arrivait;
il arriva.
Herewith follow the balance of the Impersonal Verbs.
These that follow belong to the first conjugation, and take
the terminations of ARRIVER:
Bruiner. To drizzle. Resxilter. To result.
Eclairer. To lighten. Greler. To hail.
Geler. To freeze. Neiger. To snow.
Degeler. To thaw. Tonner. To thunder.
_ Importer. To matter.
183
Irregular Verbs of Fourth Conjugation
(Verbs Ending in RE)
absoudre
astreindre
boire
braire
ceindre
circoncire
clore
conclure
conduire
confire
bruire
connaitre
construire
contredire
coudre
craindre
croire
croitre
cuire
dedire
detruire
dire
dissoudre
eclore
ecrire
empreindre
enduire
enfreindre
epreindre
etre
exclure
faire
feindre
frire
induire
instruire
interdire
To absolve
force
drink
bray
gird
circumcise
close, enclose
conclude
lead
confect
rattle
know
build
contradict
sew
fear
believe
grow
cook
disown, deny
destroy
tell
dissolve
hatched, open
write
stamp
plaster
infringe
wring, press
to be
exclude
do
feign
fry
induce
instruct
forbid
184
introduire
joindre
lire
luire
maudire
medire
mettre
moudre
naitre
nuire
oindre
paitre
paraitre
peindre
plaindre
plaire
poindre
predire
prendre
reduire
resoudre
restreindre
rire
seduire
suffire
suivre
taire
teindre
tistre
traduire
traire
vaincre
vivre
introduce (insert)
join
read
glitter, shine
curse
slander
put
grind
to be born, to originate
from
annoy
anoint
graze
appear
paint
pity, compassionate
please
peep { appear
predict
take
reduce
resolve
restrain
laugh
seduce
suffice
follow
conceal (to shut up)
(vulgar)
dye
weave
translate
to milk
vanquish
live
185
REFLEXIVE VERBS
Reflexive verbs are interesting to know about and are very simple.
They reflect the action upon the actor or the doer.
RULE When we conjugate reflexive verbs we use the reflexive
pronouns (me-myself), (te-thyself), (se-himself), (se- herself), (nous-
purselves), (vous-yourselves), (se-themselves (ra)), (se-themselves (/))
immediately following the nominative pronoun and directly preceding
the conjugated verb, as follows:
Present Indicative of "se flatter" to flatter oneself.
SINGULAR PLURAL
je me flatte nous nous flattens
I flatter myself we flatter ourselves
tu te flattes vous vous flattez
thou flatterest thyself you flatter yourselves
il se flatte its se flattent
he flatters himself they (m) flatter themselves
elle se flatte elles se flattent
she flatters herself they (/) flatter themselves
NOTE 1 To form the NEGATIVE of the above we simply place
*'ne" before the reflexive pronoun and "pas" immediately after the
conjugated verb, vix: je ne me flatte pas. I do not flatter myself etc.
NOTE 2 To form the INTERROGATIVE AFFIRMATIVE we
simply place the nominative pronoun immediately after the conjugated
\nerb, viz: me flatte-je? do I flatter myself? etc.
NOTE 3 To form the INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE we
simply place "ne" before the interrogative affirmative and "pas"
after it, viz: ne me flatte-je pas? do I not flatter myself? etc.
NOTE 4 As per rule on page 74 the final e of regular verbs of the
first person singular (1st conjugation) must for the sake of euphony be
accentuated in Interrogative and Negative Interrogative sentences.
Also a t must be placed between the verb-and the pronoun of the third
person singular Interrogative and Negative Interrogative, in the
First Conjugation. Verbs of the 4th conjugation end in s in the first
person singular and this s must be dropped and an e accentuated
acute (e) substituted.
NOTE 5 All reflexive verbs must be conjugated with tre (and not
avoir) to form the Past Indefinite.
NOTE 6Another simple way to form the INTERROGATIVE
from the AFFIRMATIVE or NEGATIVE is to prefix "Est-ce-que,"
viz:
Je me flatte I flatter myself
Est-ce-cftie je me flatte? Do I flatter myself?
Je ne me flatte pas I do not flatter myself
Est-ce-que je ne me flatte pas? Do I not flatter myself?
NOTE 7 The same general rules as the above appry also to the
FUTURE and PAST DEFINITE tenses as well. Therefore as a
class exercise tne above model verb of the first conjugation (SE FLAT-
TER) should be conjugated in the afore-mentioned tenses, as should
also a number of regular verbs of the second, the third, and the fourth
conjugations.
186
PAST INDEFINITE OF REFLEXIVE VERBS
You already have learned that the PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
is formed by conjugating (AVOIR to have) in the present indicative
and adding to the various persons of this verb the PAST PARTICIPLE
of the action verb we propose to make use of. (See Lesson 21), viz.:
J'ai par!6 I have spoken or I spoke
II a par!6 He has spoken or He spoke
You also have learned that the PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
is used EXCLUSIVELY in the French language to describe action of
a past nature and therefore is conveniently called the "conversational
past."
Now therefore since it is true that the PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
is used exclusively in the French conversation to describe action of
a past nature it becomes necessary for us to learn to correctly use
REFLEXIVE VERBS in the PAST INDEFINITE TENSE.
RULE 1 To form the PAST INDEFINITE of REFLEXIVE
VERBS we do not use AVOIR as above, but we do use ETRE (to be)
and to the various persons of this verb we add the PAST PARTICIPLE
of the action verb we propose to make use of, viz. :
PAST INDEFINITE of "se flatterer"
je me suis flatte (e)
I flattered myself or I have flattered myself
tu t'es flatte (e)
thou didst flatter thyself or thou hast flattered thyself
il s'est flatte
he flattered himself or he has flattered himself
elle s'est flattee
she flattered herself or she has flattered herself
nous nous sommes flattes (flattees)
we flattered ourselves or we have flattered ourselves
vous vous etes flatted (flatties)
you flattered yourselves or you have flattered yourselves
ils se sont flattes
they (ra) flattered themselves or they (m) have flattered themselves.
elles se sont flatties
they (/) flattered themselves or they (/) have flattered themselves
NOTE The PAST PARTICIPLE of ANY VERB (whether
reflexive or active) when used after any of the persons of ETRE auto-
IM
matically becomes an adjective, and must agree in gender and in num-
ber with the noun or pronoun which it qualifies or to which it refers.
NEGATIVE To form the NEGATIVE of reflexive verbs in the
past definite place "ne" before the reflexive pronoun and "pas"
immediately after the conjugated verb and before the past participle,
viz.:
je ne me suis pas flatte (e) I did not flatter myself or I have
not flattered myself, etc.
AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE To form the INTERROG-
ATIVE of the past indefinite we simply place the nominative pronoun
immediately after the conjugated verb and before the past participle,
viz.:
me suis- je flattS (e) ? did I flatter myself, or have I
flattered myself? etc.
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE In order to form the NEGA-
TIVE INTERROGATIVE place "ne" before the reflexive pronoun
and "pas" immediately after the nominative pronoun of the AFFIR-
MATIVE INTERROGATIVE, viz.:
ne me suis-je pas flatte (e) ? did I not flatter myself? or Have I
not flattered myself? etc.
NOTICE Another simple way to form the INTERROGATIVE
from the AFFIRMATIVE or NEGATIVE is by prefixing "Est-ce-
que," viz.:
Je me suis flattS (e) I flattered myself
Est-ce-que je me suis flatte (e) Did I flatter myself?
Je ne me suis pas flatte (e) I did not flatter myself
Est-ce-que je ne me suis pas Did I not flatter myself?
flatte (e) ?
188
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
Anastasie censorship for newspapers
African regiments
Bochie Germany
Bocherie German cruelty
Bochonnerie deleterious gas
Bochisme German kultur
Bochiser to spy
Des bateaux (schooners) large shoes
Des croqueneaux (croquenauds) shoes
Du culot audacity, nerve
Des passifs shoes
Du toupet (forelock) audacity, cheek
Des voltaires old shoes
vole terre, stealing mud
Frichti breakfast
Gare! (a la) get out. Beware.
Gauche (jusqu* a la) to death
Icigo here
Kif-kif equivalent
Le bahut (chest) lyceum, college
students dislike to be shut in such
a chest
Le barda soldiers' implements
La basane cavalry regiments
La becquetance food
La bibine small beer
La bidoche meat
Le billiard table for surgical operations
La blaf arde (pale) the moon
Le bloc (block) jail
Les Boches Germans
Alboche is said of all countrie having German affinities
abbreviation of decheance, moral fall
Les bouchers noirs artillerymen
Les boyaux trenches of communication
Le bronze artillery regiments
La cafarde (spy) the moon
La cahoua coffee
La camarde (flat nosed) death
189
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
La cambriole
pillage
La cantache, cantoche
canteen for soldiers
La chicasse
chicory mixed with coffee
Le cornet (horn)
throat
La croix de bois (gagner la)
to be killed for one's country, instead
1
of winning la croix de fer
La cuiller (spoon)
hand
La cuistance
cooking, food
Le cuistancier
man cook
Le cuistau, cuistot
soldier cook
La deche
extreme poverty
La distribe
distribution of the mail
Le fourbi
soldiers' implements
La f ourchette (fork)
bayonet
Le fromage blanc
brain
Le fromgi
cheese
Les f rusques
old clothes
Les gambilles
legs
Les gars
boys
La gniole
brandy
Les godillots
soldier's shoes
Le grabuge
wrangling
Les guiboles
legs
Le guignon
ill-luck
Les jus (juice)
river, rain, coffee
La lavasse
bad coffee
La materielle
living expenses
Les mirettes
eyes
Les pageots
hospital beds
Le panier a salade
black Maria
La panade (bread soup)
destitution
Le patelin
native village
La pegre
the criminal class
Le perlot
tobacco
La perme
permission, or leave
La piaule
home
La plombe
the. hour
Le pognon
money
Les poll us
French soldiers, 1914-15-16
Le potin
noise, quarrel
Le portef euille
bed
Le poulailler (hen-roost)
peanut-gallery
190
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
La puree (pea-soup)
mess, misery. "In the soup"
Le rabiau, rabiot
extra work, extra food
Le mffut
unbearable noise
Le rata
stewed meat for soldiers
Les reptiles
gallophobe German papers
Le baisine (blood)
La ribouldingue
amusement
Les ribouis
shoes
La rigolade
jovial pastime
Les ripatons
feet
Le riquiqui
brandy
La rousse
detective service
La sainte-touche
pay-day
Les sardines
stripes on sergeant's sleeves
La sorgue
night
La tambouille
cooking, stew
Le tapis vert
gambling-table
La tasse (cup)
sea, ocean
Les taupes (moles)
German soldiers
Les terribles tauriaux
territorial soldiers
pun with terriaux. In
Normandy, taureau, bull, is named tauriau
Le trac
fear, apprehension
Le turbin
daily work
La veine, le filon
good luck
La veuve (widow)
guillotine
Le vieux
the captain
La zozotte
money, "chips"
Les grosses legumes
bug bugs, swells, said of high officials
Le paquebot
ambulance wagon
Ma tante (pawnbroker)
Panam
Pantruchard
Pantruche
Perco
Risette (faire)
Rognures de taxi
Un aminche
Un argousin
Une babillarde (a babbler)
Un bagotier
my uncle
affectionate name for Paris
Parisian
Paris
information
to smile
tough meat
a friend
a policeman
a letter
a luggage runner
191
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
Un bain de pied
overflowing into the saucer
Un balade
Un balai (broom)
Un balle (bullet)
Un baveaux
Une becane
Un biberon (bibber)
Un bistro
Un blanc-bec
Un bleu
Un bouche-trou
Un bougre
Une bordfce (broadside)
Une bouffarde
Une boutange
Un bricheton
Une brosse a dents
Un brule-gueule
Une caboche (hobnail)
Un cabot
Un cabotin
Un caillou (pebble)
Une cagna
Une calbombe
Une cambriole
Un canasson
Un chandail
Une charlotte
Une chandelle
Une chieffe
Un civlot
Un chocolat
Un chien de quartier
Un copain
eating their bread together
Un convalo
Un corbeau (raven)
the black cassock gives him
Un cornichon
Un costau
Un coup de non
a cup of coffee
as a foot-bath
a walk
a gendarme
one franc
a newspaper
a cycle, a hike
a tippler
a barkeeper
a greenhorn
a recruit
a substitute
a dare-devil
a feast
a pipe, from bouffee, puff
a retail shop
a loaf of bread
moustaches
a short clay pipe
a blockhead
a dog, a corporal
a poor comedian
a bald head
shelter in the trenches
a lamp
a room
a cab horse, a nag
a knitted vest
a 75-millimeter gun
a bottle of wine
an indolent man
a civilian
a colored man
an adjutant
fellow-work man
a convalescent soldier
a priest
the appearance of that bird
a greenhorn
a strong chap
a hisning, finishing stroke
192
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
Un craneur
Un crapouillaud
Une craque
Une creche (manager)
Un cretin
Un crin (horse hair)
Un croquant
Un croquemort
Un cure-dents (toothpick)
Un dingo
Un doublard
on account of the double stripes
Un embusque
stigmatical name given to men
service
Un eustache
from the name of its maker
Un f aux-col (collar)
Une feauille de chou
Un filot
Une filoche (network)
Une fiole (phial)
Un flandrin
Unflic
Un flingue
Un frangin
Une frangine
Une f rimousse
Un f roc
Un gabelou
Un gaga
Un galapiat
Un galop
Un galurin
Les gambilles
Un gogo
Un gourbi
Un gosse
Un goujat (mason's laborer)
Une gourde (gourd)
Un grabataire
Un grigou
a swagger
a mortar
a white lie
shelter in the trenches
a dunce
an ill-tempered person
a reub, a peasant
an undertaker's man
bayonet
a crazy man
first sergeant-at-arms
on his sleeves
a shirker
who seek to evade active military
a slaying knife
froth on a glass of beer
a small newspaper
a private
a purse
a head
a tall, ungainly man
a policeman
an army gun
a brother
a sister
a vicious face
trousers
a custom-house officer
a senile man
an urchin
a reprimand
a hat
legs
a credulous man
a shelter in the trenches
a kid
a blackguard
a stupid person
an invalid in bed
a sordid miser
193
TRENCH SLA.NG OF FRENCH ARMY
Un grimpant a pair of trousers
Un grinche a robber
Un grois noir a huge bomshell
Un gueuleton a sumptuous meal
Un hosteau hospital
Un Jacqueline a country girl
Un Jules a chamber pot
Une Josephine a 13-millimeter gun
(Jn juteux an adjutant
Un k6bour military cap
Un lacheur a traitor, a piker
Un lascar a shrewd man
Une lavette (dish-cloth) a great talker
Une lucarne (garret-window) a monocle
Un loustic a merry fellow, a wag
Un maboul a crazy man
Un macavoue" a bombshell
Une machine a dScoudre a mitrailleuse
Un mal blanchi a colored man
Un Marie-Louise a recruit (1915)
Une marmite a huge bomshell .
Un mec an individual
Un double m6tre a tall fellow
Un mastroquet a retail wine merchant
Un mathurin an old salt (sea term)
Un mazagran coffee served in a wineglass
Un mSgotier a cigar-end picker
Une midinette a milliner's apprentice
they can be t?een at midi, in rue de la Paix
Une mistoufle a practical joke
Un moineau (sparrow) a bombshell
Une moitie a wife
Un moulin a cafe a mitrailleuse
Un m6me a baby
Un mouton (sheep) a spy convict
his kind intimacy with a prisoner may gain information from him
Un mufle an ugly face
Un noceur a dissipated man
Un off icemar an officer
Un oeuf sur le plat twenty-five francs
silver 5-franc coin with a 20-franc gold coin upon it, as yoke of fried
egg
194
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
Un ordinaire broth and boiled beef
this dish is served daily, as an ordinary matter
Les pageots hospital beds
Un pale a sick soldier
Un pal toque t a clownish fellow
Le panier a salade black Maria
Le panade (bread soup) destitution
Un paltoquet a clownish fellow
Un polochon a pillow
Un pisson d'avril an April fool
Un pataud a clumsy boy
Une patoche a heavy hand
Un patapouf a fat boy
Un pedzouille a country man, a dcd
Un pekin a civilian
word of contempt given to civilians by soldiers
Un pepere
a territorial soldier
pepere is papa in baby talk
Un pieu
a bed
Une pile
a thrashing
Un pioupiou
a private, a "tommy"
Un pochon
a black tye
Un poivrot
an inveterate drunkard, a boozer
Un polochon
a pillow
Un poisson d'avril
an A pril fool
Un potache
a college boy
Un po t teau, un pote
a good friend
poteau, pole, as a sustainer
Le potin
noise, quarrel
Un poulet
a love-letter, summons
Un poulet saute
jokinq letter
sent over the barbed wire to the boches
Une profonde
a pocket
Un pruneau (prune)
a bullet
Une quenaupe
a pipe
Un quinze mille
a French deputy
Un quinze- vingts (15 & 25)
a blind person
Un racontar
a false rumor
Un ragot
gossiping
Un rapiat
a stingy man
Un rat
a miser
Un rapin
an art student
195
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
Un rasta
Un rat6
Un refroide
Une ribambelle
Un rigolo
Un rond-de-cuir
an adventurer
an unsuccessful man, a failure
a dead body
a long procession
c revolver, a jovial man
an official clerk
thus named after the leather cushion of his chair
Une rosse (jade)
Un rotin
Une rouillarde (rusty)
Une roulec
Un rouquin
Un saligaud
Un sapin
Un sauteur (jumper)
Une savate (old slipper)
Une seche, une sibiche
Un sergot
Une souriere ) mouse-trap)
Une suee
Un surin
Un tampon (plug)
Un tapin
Un teuf-teuf
Une thune
Un tire-au-flanc
Un tire-bochc
pun with tire-bouchon, corkscrew
Un titi
Une torgniole
Une tortue (turtle)
Un toto
Un toubib
Une tournee
Un tourne-boche
a stingy man
a cent
a bottle of old wine
a thrashing
a red-haired fellow, "carrots"
a dirty fellow
an old-fashioned cab
a turncoat
an awkward man
a cigarette
a policeman
police-trap
a sudden great fear
a slaying-knife
a fist
a drummer
a motorcycle
a five-franc piece
a lazy soldier
a bayonet
a Paris gamin
a blow
a grenade
vermin in the trenches
an ambulance physician
a round of drinks
a bayonet
pun with tournebroche, kitchen jack
Un tourlourou a private
Une tripotee a drubbing
Un troubade a private
Un troufion a private
Un true (machinery) a knack
Un type a fellow
196
TRENCH SLANG OF FRENCH ARMY
Un vaurien
good-for-nothing wretch
Un veau (calf)
Un vioque
Un voyou
Un you pin
Un youtre
Un bon zigue
Un zigomar
Un zouzou
Du quibus
Du singe
Thomas
a scamp
a simpleton
an old man
a dirty street boy
a Jew
a Jew
a good-hearted man
a cavalry saber
a zouave
money
canned meat
chamber-pot
197
SPECIAL NOTICE
DEVOIR (=to have to) ( = to be to) is a very much used
verb in the French language and should be known by^
every pupil. It is generally used preceding the infinitive.
Devoir belongs to the third conjugation and is a regular
vrb so is very easily mastered. Herewith follow a few
sentences showing the use of the various persons of;
Devoir (past, present and future) with the infinitive ot!
other verbs :
PRESENT
Je DOIS PARLER au gerant.
I have to speak to th<e manager.
I ought to speak to the manager
I am to speak to the manager.
Je ne dois pas parler au gerant.
I have not to speak to the manager.
I ought not to speak to the manager.
I am not to speak to the manager.
Dois-je parler au gerant?
Have I to speak to the manager?
Ought I to speak to the manager?
Am I to speak to the manager?
Ne dois-je pas parler au gerant?
Have I not to speak to the manager?
Ought I not to speak to the manager?
Am I not to speak to the manager?
Je DEVAIS PARLER au gerant.
1 had to speak to the manager.
I was to speak to the manager.
FUTURE
Je DEVRAI PARLER au gerant.
I shall have to speak to the manager.
198
SOME IMPORTANT IRREGULAR VERBS
Aller=to go:
PRESENT: vais, vas; va; va; aliens; allez; vont;
vont.
PAST INDEFINITE: (Please note that it is con-
jugated with ETRE) je suis alle(e); tu es alle(e);
il est alle; elle est allee; nous sommes alles (ees);
vous etes alles(ees); ils sont alles; elles sont
allees.
FUTURE: irai; iras; ira; ira; irons; irez; iront;
iront.
Venir=to come.
PRESENT: viens; viens; vient; vient; venons;
venez; viennent; viennent.
PAST INDEFINITE: (Also conjugated with
ETRE) je suis venu (e); tu es venu (e); il est
venu; elle est venue; nous sommes venus (ues) ;
vous etes venus (ues); ils sont venus; elles sont
venues.
FUTURE: viendrai; viendras; viendra; viendra;
viendrons; viendrez; viendront; viendront.
Mettre=to put.
PRESENT: mets, mete; met; met; mettons;
mettez; mettent; meltent.
PAST INDEFINITE: (Conjugated with AVOIR)
mis; mis; mis; mis; mis; mis; mis; mis.
FUTURE: mettrai; mettras; mettra; mettra; met-
trons; mettrez; mettont; mettont.
Prendre=to take.
NOTE: This verb is regular excepting its past
participle.
PRESENT: prends; prends; prend; prend; prcn-
dons; prendez: p-ennent; prennent.
PAST INDEFINITE: (Conjugated with
AVOIR) pris; pris; pris; pris; pris; pris; pris;:
pris.
FUTURE: prendrai; prendras; prendra; prendra;:
prendrons; prendrez; prendront; prendront.
199
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