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tayammum was first introduced and when the manumission of the
slaves was being accepted for a bride's marriage port (mahr)... etc.
8 . The author's procedure followed in this paper was that the hadith is
cited, followed by the tar jama and then the evidence which either
supports or denies it. Then a judgement is passed whether it is
authentic or not. If the hadith exists in the «Two Guine Books» or in
one of them, the writer mentioned only the tarjama of the teller just for
identification and not for criticism. Sometimes only the main is referred
to for isnad. This methodology has never been employed before, as far
as this battle is meant. It was just a try to follow the procedures used by
most tellers of hadith when they were studying the Prophetic Guidance.
Our last call is praise be to Allah, Lord of the universe.
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mainly concerned with the battle and it has nothing to do with the canonical
judgements in the sense of the word, but he tried to expose that as far as the
contexts of the narrations needed.
The lessons gained from this battle were so numerous, but only five of
them were discussed. This discussion can be regarded as a new element
added to what was mentioned before.
1 . This battle has never been studied thoroughly, but only is referred to as
one of many other battles. But the best modern writer who wrote on it
is Muhammad Ahmad Bashmeel. He anatomized it as one of th$ great
events that took place before the battle of Ahzab, not with standing, he
did not stick to any investigation nor was he able to comprehend the
subject conclusively.
2 . Specifying the exact dwellings of the tribe in kilometers and miles.
3 . Giving a brief summary of the ancestral lineage and the relatives of
other tribes were clearly introduced.
4 . Composing a whole chapter indicating whether it was compulsory to
inform an enemy in advance of what might happen and pointing out all
the trends relating to this.
5 . Presenting nearly every piece of information about Ifk hadith. This is
considered as a very new step in dealing with this hadition, though it
was fairly difficult to approach. It was elucidated in Al-Zad by Ibn
al-Kayyim but not in the way the writer has exposed.
S . Stating the various opinions about whether it was permissible to enslave
Arabs, for this case is strongly tied with the present topic, so the author
has given whatever needed to make this point intelligible.
7 . Writing a whole chapter dealing with all the form utterances quoted by
authorities after the battle and chiefly about Ifk tradition and this,
though it was quite different from the ones of the same idea that have
existed previously, a fair number of decisions were built on that.
Those decisions were alluded to by some historians especially when
nearly all the narrations, and finally deducting all the canonical judgements.
That was absolutely untouched by any other researcher or historian.
Part three. In this part the writer tried to trace the Ifk hadith and to
express his blame on Al-Zahri for his misinterpritation of his four learned
leaders without discussing each hadith that these four scholars had told
separately, though the writer claimed that that procedure was permissible
because all of them were trustworthy and dependable. The writer in
addition tried to ascertain the identity of those who had undertaken the
transmission of the hadith such as Abdullah Ibn Obay Ibn Salool, who was
one of the group, and pointed out the different ways of the feeling of the
followers towards that tradition.
Some of the followers rejected the idea in details and in the sum total
insisted that that hadition was but a forged lie and entirely false. Of those
followers were Osamah Ibn Zayd, Breerah, Ibn Ayoob il-Ansari and his
wife. Others although denied that big lie, they simultaneously were hinting
that the Prophet ought to act, especialy when they tacitly thought that the
Prophet was really overwhelmed with doubts and if that action was taken, it
might ease him. Among those was Ali Ibn Abi Talib.
As for the rest of the followers, they were wholly effected by that
murmur of the hypocrite but at the same they were quiet and looking forward
to get any answer. But they also began to parrot what the hypocrite were
saying without realizing what was behind that forged lie. Of those were
Hassan Ibn Thabit, Hasna Bint Jahsh and Mustah Ibn Athatha.
In this part the writer pointed out the traditional conflict between Ows
and Khazraj, commenting on the role played by Abdullah Ibn Obay Ibn
Salool who was the cause of that clash.
Part four was entirely devoted for the discussion of the judgements
which were passed on that battle as well as the conclusions and the results
which were the main points of the second chapter of this part. All the
traditions related to those judgements were ten. The writer had briefly but
excellently explained them separately pointing out the disagreements of the
scholars about those traditions guided by the righteous proofs and preferring
those which are highly supported by decisive guidance.
As it was mentioned before, the author conclusively put down every
anecdote, clue or hint related to that battle so long as this treatise has been
**anil Mustalik were Abysinians pro-Quraysh and were, then, allied to them
in Ohod. They were waiting to see what Quraysh would do with the Prophet
(on him be God's peace and blessings) and at the same time they had their
intrigues, which the writer had wrote down in this part, against Muslims,
and the Muslims responses to those agressive movements as well.
The writer explained clearly whether it was compulsory to give a
warning to the unbelievers, writing down what the learned leaders
mentioned concerning this point, preferring those sayings which appeared to
be the most righteous ones. At the same time he thinks that Banil Mustalik
had been reported of what God revealed to the Prophet and they certainly
had received the warn. All the objections and claims saying that the Prophet
broke suddenly on them proved to be false.
The writer pointed out the reasons which caused that battle, showing
the exact date, giving full descriptions of it and the dangerous and the pre-
cious outcome for the Muslims, Banil Mustalik attitude after that battle
and the presence of Sa'ad Ibn Muath in that very same battle.
Part two strictly deals with the part played by the hypocrite at the
beginning of the proclamation of the Message of Islam in general and during
the battle in particular. The writer did all his best to show the intriguing
plans and conspairacy which were drawn by unbelievers' party in order to
hinder the proclamation of the Message. He had pointed out the evolution
of that hypocrisy as well as its causes and the attitude of the hypocrite in the
first battle which preceded this one.
The hypocrite's reaction towards the battle of al-Mrais'a which was fully
clarified together with their evil intentions and their discouraging Muslims
were also perfectly stated. Their endeavor to seize every opportunity to
declare their evil ideas to arouse ignorant bigotry, to raise the tribal banner
and to cause disturbances which were nearly to overthrow Muslims. The
writer also tried to describe the Prophet's wise reason in dealing with those
poisonous situations of the hypocrite and at the same time not hurting the
feeling of those evil doers.
The worst deed that the hypocrite had undertaken was their making up
the story of the Ifk tradition which had the worst effect on most of the
Muslims and the Holy Prophecy. That event in particular consumed a great
deal of the efforts because qf the numerous and different ways of its
narration. The writer talked over that event from all its sides: tracing editing
isr
THE CONCLUSION
This research deals with «Narrations of the battle of Banil Mustalik»
concerning the gathering of the data, studying and editing it. The research
consists of an introduction and four parts.
The introduction had mainly included the reasons of the choice of this
subject in particular for the writer's thesis on the Prophetic Guidance, as
well as the reason of choosing this theme for this treatise.
In the introduction the writer referred to the great importance of
history in general and the necessity of taking much care of the Prophetic
Guidance in particular. The writer also perfectly studied all the important
references out of which he gained his all main points related to the subject
of the research.
Part one first deals with the ancestral lineage of Banil Mustalik and
their relationship with the tribes of Madina al-Munawara ascerting the
conflict concerning their ancestral lineage and referring to the most
predominant sayings, supporting those sayings but what scholars had
mentioned of reasons and justifications concerning any contradiction about
this point.
The writer had also tried to draw the fixed location of their dwellings,
though that was a painstaking job. It was only by God's help that the writer
could exactly specify this by looking through the most valuable, new and old
references which had led him to these fruitful conclusions which had never
been reached by anyone before.
The writer then discussed the attitude of Banil Mustalik towards Islam
and their late conversion which was greatly effected by Quraysh's attitude.
-I
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