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niles. The researcher tried to adopt a definite attitude towards die texts
grammarians based their niles on. That's why he was for those texts that are
based on evidences; and on the other hand he was against those that lacked
evidences. The researcher*s preference is based on the texts of Prophetic
Tradition mentioned in the first section of tlie descriptive study. His
judgement in many controversial grammatical topics is based on those texts
The researcher concludes that except for 'lai', the Prophet - Peace be upon
him - used all negative particles . He never used such a particle . Moreover,
the researcher concludes that tlie Prophet's - Peace be upon him - most
commonly used particles are 'la', 'lam', 'ma', 'laysa', 'Ian', 'in', 'kalla' and
'lamma".
One of die most conclusions the researcher came to is to prove die falsehood
of the notion that accuses Prophetic Tradition of not observing many
grammatical rules . Unfortimately , such a enmeous notion was commonly
adopted by recent grammarians. The researcher collected tire issues upon
wliich grammarians have census and those issues they have different
opinions about. Then he made a comparison between tliem and the language
of die Prophetic Tradition. Finally he states die result in die conclusion of his
research.
3
D The contextual phenomena tiiat associate with such particles, which affect
the sentence either m fonn or in significance. For example, 'ilia' [except],
'qatt ' [never] , 'abadan ' [never] .
D The tense significance of negative particles, through which we can study
the relation between each paiticle and tense in the context. Besides, this
enables us to observe if this affects the setting of the tense or not, and, if
it does, we can know to what extent it does so.
Tins part concentrates on using statistics as an unpoitant method in pointing
out how often the Prophet - Peace be upon him - used negative particles.
The researcher examined each phenomenon and all the contextual elements
such as nouns and predicate and their complementary elements.
The researcher deals in deptli with the nature of the Prophet's use of negative
particles, and how to make tliem do tlieir fimctions botli of form and of
significance. Besides, he deals in depth with grammatically controversial
Prophetic Traditions through stating scholars' opinions, among which he
selects the opinion which is more likely mentioning the evidence.
The Second Part:
It deals witli the phenomenon of negation adopting grammatical speculation:
tlie researcher observes all the grammatical rules of the phenomenon, he
mentions gi-ammarians' different opinions and considers what is more
probable.
This part concentrates on higlilighting how deep and how how original
grammarians deal with the phenomenon of negation and how far they
depended on poetical quotations more than anytliing else. Besides, it
highlights that they often used to interpret a text whenever it contradicts with
2
The Research Summary
This research deals witli tlie phenomenon of negation in Prophetic Tradition
mentioned in Sahih Al-Bukhari [Bukhari's Haditli Collection]. Is focuses on
eight negative particles : 'laysa', 'ma', 'la', 'lata', 'in', 'Ian', 'lam', 'lamma'and
'kalla', which stand for explicit negation in Arabic grammar.
The research is consists of two parts:
The First Part:
Adopting the descriptive method, this part deals with the above-mentioned
phenomenon in the texts of Prophetic Tradition. It describes the negation
phenomenon as it appears in the Prophet's - Peace be upon him- language
without imposing any outer theories or rules on that language.
In this part the researcher concentrates on the outer elements of description
of the grammatical phenomenon. These elements fall into t-wo groups: form
and flmction. The researcher also studies the context of each one. However,
he keeps in mind to pay attention to the other contextual elements which
affect on the grammatical fimctions of the negative particles. So he deals
with each phenomenon from 6 aspects:
D The structiu-e of its sentence.
D Analyzing such structure .
D The contextual functions, both that of form and of meaning, of the
negation particle.
D The contextual position of each particle.
Cairo University
Faculty ofParAWloum
Department of Grammar. Morphohsy and Prosody
A Research Summary
The Phenomenon of Negation in the
Prophetic Tradition
Its Description and Speculation
(A Grammatical Study of Saliili Al-Bukliari)
MA Thesis
By: Tharwat Al-Sayed Abd-Aatti Rahim
Supervised by
Ph D. Abd-AI-Rahaman Al-Sayed Ph D. Amin Ali Al-Sayed
ex-Member of Arabic Assembly Member of Arabic Assembly
ex-Dean of Faculty of Dai' Al-Oloiim ex-Dean of Faculty of Dar Al-OlomTi
1422 AH -2001. AD
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