Ptoss BT741
Book. ,^75
Copyright W ..
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT:
THE SOUL
ITS ORGAN AND
DEVELOPMENT
FROM MAN
TO SUPERMAN
Jasper William Corey, M. D.
(all rights reserved)
Published by Progressive Publishing Company
523 W. Eighth Street, Los Angeles, Cal., U. S. A.
1913
Copyright, 1913, by Jasper William Corey, M. D.
Printed in the United States of America.
Published May, 1913.
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©CI.A346502
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1. The Social Upheaval; Its Cause and
Remedy 19
2. The Brains; Their Nature and Functions.
Historical 31
3. Metaphysics 45
4. The Mind; Its Organ and Development.. 51
5. Psychology, the Science of the Soul; Its
Powers and Functions 59
6. The Soul; Its Organ, and Analysis of Its
Faculties 69
7. Dualism ; the Old and New Interpretation.
Mysticism 87
8. Superman; The Meaning Not Clearly
Understood. Definition 97
9. The True Progress of Mankind, and How
Promoted 105
10. Education; Its Purport and Aims Ill
11. Sociology, in Relation to Man's Develop-
ment 125
12. Teaching, Developing the Soul Faculties.. 141
"The science of the Soul is the most attractive and in-
teresting of the sciences; it is also, because of the
world's ignorance of the subject, the most difficult."
PREFACE
"We must know what our predecessors have known, if
we do not wish to deceive ourselves and others." — Hip-
pocrates.
How can we know that which our
predecessors have known? By study-
ing the records of their learning, and by
scientific research. Scientific research
constantly enlarges the boundary of
knowledge, and increases true learning.
Varo divided the past ages of the
world into three periods : the unknown,
the fabulous and the historical. The
first period lies buried in the silence and
oblivion of remote antiquity. Practi-
cally the only hints of it, preserved to us
at the present time, are contained in the
Hebrew Scriptures. The second period
we find described by ancient poets such
as Homer and Hesiod, and others who
wrote in a day even more remote. The
third period is recorded in historical
writings, to which we may refer with
reasonable certainty.
The Bible is the great book of life. It
depicts evil as well as goodness in human
character, deed and environment, and
plainly indicates how evil may be
avoided, and its opposite attained.
Whatever of error, myth or legend may
be contained in the Scriptures, the value
of their presentation of the right rule of
living for the entire human race re-
mains.
Bacon tells us that the secret learning
of the ancients seems separated and con-
cealed from the history and knowledge
of the following ages by a veil of poetic
fables, interposing between the things
that are lost, and those that remain.
Fables, parables and allegories, he goes
10
on to say, are of great use to instruct
or illustrate. ' ' Every man of any learn-
ing/' he maintains, "must readily allow
that this method of instructing is ex-
ceedingly useful, and sometimes neces-
sary in the sciences, as it opens an easy
and familiar passage to the human
mind. Hence, in the first ages, while the
minds of men were incapable of receiv-
ing such things as did not fall under and
strike the senses, fables, parables and al-
legories were of necessity resorted to."
By referring to historical records,
which are now easily obtained in the li-
braries, we may determine what has been
discovered on most any subject during
the historical period.
At present mankind does not seem to
be moving visibly toward the highest
ideal in the conduct of life. "The great
masses are drifting without compass or
chart, waiting for a prophet to deliver
11
them. They are quite generally dissat-
isfied with the prevailing industrial sys-
tems, governments and religions. "
A careful review of the progress of
man in past ages brings to light the fol-
lowing facts. Millions upon millions of
human beings have perished from the
earth without contributing to the prog-
ress of humanity. These left no records.
A few thousands, through research, ex-
ploration and experiment, have added
their quota to the deep-laid foundations
of exact knowledge. Their names are
preserved in history. But only a few
great Souls seem to have been chosen
to perform the one highest service allot-
ted to man in the interests of the real
progress of humanity. These have
summed up and sifted the ethical signifi-
cance of past events, deducing from
their investigations truths which serve
as beacon lights to men, and constitute
the real landmarks of history. The
most important of their discoveries is
that in the development of the higher
or intellectual faculties lies the hope of
humanity.
The topics of religion and immortal-
ity have no place in this volume, whose
purpose is limited to the investigation
of the organs of the mind and of the
Soul, the faculties through which they
find expression, and their development.
The Soul, religion and immortality
have been considered inseparable since
the days of antiquity, and are almost
invariably grouped together in treatises
on the Soul. Because of this the author
wishes to make plain the fact that in
the present pages this trinity will not
be considered as inseparable, the Soul,
independently, being the subject of dis-
cussion.
13
DISCLAIMER
The author is aware of his ignorance
and incapacity to formulate an educa-
tional system adequate to solve the
great problem of life. His crude effort
may posibly be the means of causing
others, better qualified, to give man-
kind a clearer solution. This is the
problem: how may ignorant, and bar-
barous human beings be changed into
what we may call the super-human — the
wise, the educated, the humane? If
there be a word of truth in history,
there has never been a civilized State
or Nation upon earth. Civilization
means education, refinement, cultiva-
tion, righteousness, benevolence, the
prevalence of the kind and loving spirit
in the highest sense of the term. It
means "Love thy neighbor as thy-
self"; and that " Righteousness exalt-
eth a Nation."
14
Alfred Russell Wallace writes:
" Compared with our astonishing prog-
ress in physical science, and its prac-
tical application, our system of govern-
ment, of administrative justice, of na-
tional education, and our entire social
and moral organization remains in a
state of barbarism. Recently I have
been meditating upon the condition of
human progress, and have taken a gen-
eral survey of all history from those
wonderful new discoveries in Egypt,
going back 7,000 years, to the present
day, I have come to the general con-
clusion that there has been no advance
either in intellect or morals from the
days of the earliest Egyptians and Syr-
ians down to the keel-laying of the lat-
est dreadnaught. Through all those
thousands of years, morals and intel-
lect have been stationary."
"The fault of our present defective
educational system does not lie in the
15
lack of enthusiasm or facilities, but in
not understanding the fundamental
principles that are vital to higher de-
velopment. "We teachers are search-
ing for the fundamental principles of
the thing we are trying to do. I have
had the experience of feeling that I
was bending all my efforts to do a thing
which was not susceptible of being
done, and that the teaching that I pro-
fessed to do was done in a vacuum, as
if done without an atmosphere in which
the forces might be transmuted." These
are the interesting words of Woodrow
Wilson.
If the Supreme Being desires to com-
municate to man the mysteries of the
higher life, man must be endowed with
the higher faculties before he may be
able to understand these mysteries.
The higher faculties are those of the
intellect — the faculties of the Soul.
16
An educational system that does not
develop the intellectual faculties, and
reveal the secret of power, is not
worthy the name.
Intentionally sentences and para-
graphs have been repeated.
17
Chapter I.
THE SOCIAL UPHEAVAL,
ITS CAUSE AND EEMEDY
"What ought people to be? How can we change them
from what they are to what they ought to be?"
"In view of the disturbed mental and social conditions
of our time, this age has to inquire what kind of knowl-
edge is best worth having."
"It is the business of science to transfer something of
value from the unknown to the realm of the known."
"We ought not to expect that things, which have never
yet been done, can be done except by means which have
never been tried."
In the month of September, 1911, John
Graham Brooks — at one time professor
of political economy at Harvard Uni-
versity— said, while speaking to young
Unitarian ministers in Berkeley: "We
are facing a crisis in the United States
at this time just as serious, or more se-
rious than the crisis before the Civil
War. We are in the midst of a re^volu-
19
THE SOUL
tion. I don't mean that it is coming. It
is here." This man, famed for his
knowledge of matters of vital import-
ance to all mankind, is now lecturer on
economics at the University of Califor-
nia.
The condition of which he spoke ob-
tains not only in our own country. The
same unrest may be observed every-
where. It hangs as a funnel-shaped
cloud on the horizon, coming nearer and
nearer, growing larger and more fear-
some as the cyclone approaches. To
those who do not like this metaphorical
presentation of the facts it can only be
said that self-deception is not only fu-
tile, but dangerous. Very little stands
between us and the on-coming trouble.
We need to know what it means, for if
we do not interest ourselves in it, it will
soon interest itself in us.
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Let us glance at the recent industrial
crisis in staid and steady England. Men
were astonished by the violence which
was precipitated almost without warn-
ing. An eye witness writes: " Thou-
sands of soldiers and policemen were
hurrying hither and thither to quell the
outbreaks and save property. Violence
was on every hand. One thing I espe-
cially noticed was the strange appear-
ance of men's faces. With many it was
a vacant look ; others seemed almost in-
sane. Perplexity was written every-
where. Why this unrest? Those in
power oppress the weak, the weak com-
bine, and resort to violence. And daily
conditions grow worse. "
In Leslie's Weekly of August 24th,
1911, is the following striking editorial :
1 ' What is the matter % The world seems
to be upset. Agitation, unrest and dis-
21
THE SOUL
trust prevail. Kingdoms are being up-
rooted, monarchies undermined. Great
labor disturbances, with loss of life, are
chronicled on both sides of the ocean.
Lynchings, north and south, of innocent
and guilty, are reported. Mobs gather
at the slightest provocation, and rioters,
old and young, defy the authorities.
' ' The divorce courts are working over-
time. Legislative bodies are debauched
by demagogues, and rankest corruption
is widespread. The theatres are crowd-
ed, while the pews are empty. Under
what sign of the zodiac are we living?
Conditions in our cities are serious.
Many realize this. There is coming
rapidly and surely an almost universal
guilt upon the inhabitants of the cities,
because of the steady increase of de-
termined wickedness. We are living in
the midst of an epidemic of crime, at
22
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
which thoughtful men and women stand
aghast. The corruption that prevails is
beyond the power of the pen to describe.
Every day brings fresh revelations of
political strife, bribery and fraud ; every
day brings its heart-sickening record of
violence and lawlessness ; of indifference
to human suffering; of brutal, fiendish
destruction of human life. Every day
testifies to the increase of insanity, mur-
der and suicide. The cities of to-day
are fast becoming like Sodom and Go-
morrah. Holidays are numerous; the
whirl of excitement and pleasure at-
tracts thousands from the sober duties
of life. The exciting sports — theatre-
going, racing, gambling, liquor-drinking
and reveling stimulate every passion to
activity. The youth are swept away by
the popular current. They give them-
selves up to social gaiety and thought-
23
THE SOUL
less mirth. They are led on from one
form of dissipation to another, until
they lose both the desire and the ca-
pacity for a life of usefulness. By ev-
ery species of oppression and extortion
men are piling up colossal fortunes,
while the multitude are struggling with
poverty, compelled to work for small
wages, unable to secure the barest nec-
essities of life. Toil and deprivation,
with no hope of better things, make
their burden heavy. When pain and
sickness are added, the burden is almost
unbearable. Careworn and oppressed,
they know not where to turn for relief.
This is a picture of conditions to-day."
THE CAUSE
What is the cause of this terrible con-
dition of society % Ignorance is the fun-
damental cause; then comes the use of
drugs — poisonous compounds taken into
to
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the system for the purpose of producing
artificial physical effects. Only those
who have given attention to this sub-
ject have any conception of the quantity
of alcohol, opium, tobacco, and number-
less other drugs used by the present
generation. It has been generally sup-
posed that we, as a race, are gaining in
physical vigor. But such is not the
case. On the contrary our actual phys-
ical vigor is diminishing. It must now
be generally admitted that the hygienic
standard of the toilers in our great cities
deteriorates with every generation. A
study of the life of the people in the
countries where the degeneration is
most marked will reveal the fact that
there is an almost constant resort to ar-
tificial stimulants. All nations are suf-
fering from the blight ; and the stimu-
lant employed is not liquor alone. It
THE SOUL
can matter little what drug is used, all
have the same general effect on the hu-
man constitution. In New York City
alone the increase during the last five
years in the demand for cocaine has been
four hundred per cent. In England this
habit is rapidly spreading.
It is not hard work that brings about
the prevalent physical and mental
wreckage, for our forefathers worked
harder, and did not have the labor-sav-
ing devices of our present day. It is due
to abnormal habits and the abuse of the
physical system. And when human be-
ings, their physical constitutions ruined,
their mentality blighted by the use of
drugs, become parents, it is not difficult
to surmise whence comes our criminal
class. " Within one year from this day
ten thousand people will have been mur-
dered in the United States, in which
26
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
country 126 out of each million inhabi-
tants are murdered annually. In Can-
ada the percentage is only seven to the
million. Murderers increase in num-
bers, while the percentage of punish-
ments decrease.''
The Chicago Tribune says: "We are
drifting into national degeneracy. We
are becoming a crowd of well-drilled,
well-disciplined, commonplace individ-
uals, with strong Philistine habits, and
notions of general mediocrity. We have
clever business men, cunning artisans,
resourceful politicians, adyoit leaders
of new cults, but no artists, no scientists,
no philosophers, no statesmen, no gen-
uine talent, and no true genius. Boris
Sidis, one of the leading psychologists
of the times, says we are blind to the
barbaric evils of our environment — in
fact, he calls us bat-blind, mole-blind,
27
THE SOUL
and stone-blind. And what are the un-
derlying causes of this state of affairs %
'Our vicious system of education, and
our drunken optimism/ declares this
writer, in no moderate terms. Our edu-
cators are owl-wise, narrow-minded
pedants, ignorant of the real, vital
problems of human interest."
THE REMEDY.
Before the present unsatisfactory
condition of society can be made bet-
ter, it will become necessary to formu-
late and inculcate a scientific, educa-
tional system which will bring about a
transformation in the mentality of hu-
man beings. Scientific education alone
has power to raise humanity to a higher
level of understanding, and to enable
men to cast aside the unnaturally ac-
quired and degenerating habits which
enslave them. Our people are being
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
destroyed for lack of knowledge. They
ought to be civilized; at present they
are in a condition of thinly-veiled sav-
agery. And it shall be the purpose of
the chapters which follow to demon-
strate how this purpose may be accom-
plished; and to answer the question:
"How may the members of our human
family be changed from what they are
to what they ought to be?"
99
Chapter II.
THE BRAINS, THEIR NATURE
AND FUNCTIONS.
HISTORICAL
"There is a principle which is a bar against all in-
formation, which is proof against all argument, and which
cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance: this
principle is contempt prior to examination."
The brains have heretofore been con-
sidered one organ with two hemis-
pheres. This description is no longer
correct. The brains are a pair of or-
gans, as are the ears and eyes.
HISTORICAL
The Hebrews, and others who lived
before them, do not appear to have had
any knowledge of the brain. The word
brain does not appear in the Scrip-
tures.
31
THE SOUL
Alcmaeon, a pupil of Pythagoras of
Crotona, (500 B. C), the first anato-
mist, and who is said to have discov-
ered the optic nerve and Eustacian
tubes, taught that the brain was the
source of feeling and movement, and
that it was, also, the seat of the mind.
Lucippus, the " laughing philoso-
pher,' ' (B. C. 460), and one of the
greatest spirits of all time, taught that
a healthy condition of the brain implies
mental health; and that disease of the
organ implies mental disease — a point
of view not reached again until the
eighteenth century. He, too, recognized
the brain as the seat of the mind.
Plato, (B. C. 427), assumed two
principles : absolute intelligence and
matter. The human Soul he declared
to be an emanation from absolute in-
telligence. Its immortal part, he
32
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
claimed, dwells in the spherical head, its
mortal part resides in the body, and
mind has its seat in the heart. The
heart is the origin of the blood ves-
sels, and, as the seat of the mind, re-
ceives through it the commands of the
superior Soul.
Paraxagoras, (B. C. 325), acquired
immortal fame by his discovery of the
distinction between arteries and nerves.
The brain, according to his hypothesis,
was a mere dependence of the spinal
cord, the heart being the origin of the
nerves.
Aristotle, (B. C. 384), distinguished
the nerves as such, but called them ca-
nals of the brain, which organ he de-
scribed as bloodless, and of the largest
size in man.
Herophilus, (B. C. 325), a pupil of
Paraxagoras of Cos, knew the nerves,
33
THE SOUL
and ascribed to them capacity for sen-
sation. According to him, the fourth
cerebral ventricle is the seat of the
Soul.
Erasistratus, (B. C. 312), divided the
nerves into those of sensation and mo-
tion, the former arising from the brain
substance, the latter from the mem-
branes. As regards the brain, he de-
scribed accurately its structure, con-
volutions and ventricles. He regarded
the convolutions of the cerebrum — and
still more those of the cerebellum — as
the seat of thought, and located mental
diseases in the brain.
Claudius Galen, (A. D. 131), was to
the medical world what Aristotle was to
the philosophical — the leading law-
giver of both Christians and Arabians
during the entire Middle Ages. He
therefore attained the widest reputa-
34
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
tion of all physicians up to his time.
He claimed the brain to be the seat of
the rational Soul, and an organ for
cooling the heart. The animal spirits,
he asserted, are the cause of the Soul's
activity. They originate from the
blood, but in the brain become animal
spirits. He demonstrated that the
brain is the seat of thought and feel-
ing; and this is accepted as fact to-
day.
MODERN DISCOVERIES
From Galen's time until 1861 — a
period of about seventeen hundred
years — no valuable discoveries were
made. An eminent French surgeon,
Paul Broca, in 1861 read a paper be-
fore a society in Paris, in which he de-
clared that he had located the seat of
articulate speech in the third frontal
convolution of the brain, which is now
35
THE SOUL
called to his honor Broca's convolu-
tion. He cited several post-mortem
examinations of the brains of persons
paralyzed on one side, with loss of
speech, due to apoplexy. It was dem-
onstrated that, in all cases, Broca's con-
volution was damaged.
This fact led to the investigation of
the brain for the seats of other facul-
ties. Within the past decade, it has
been shown that the special senses and
motion have their anatomical seats in
the brain. These anatomical seats are
found in both brains, or hemispheres,
and are congenital. The astonishing
fact was, however, demonstrated that
the seat of the faculty of speech is de-
veloped in but one hemisphere. When
Broca's convolution, which is the seat
of speech, is damaged, the power of
speech is lost, although the correspond-
36
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
ing convolution in the other hemis-
phere remains uninjured. It was dis-
covered that the hand of the infant
which it uses most readily determines
which hemisphere shall be used for the
faculty of speech, the speech centers be-
ing located in the left brain with right-
handed persons, and in the right brain
with left-handed persons. The nerves
cross at the base of the brain like the
letter X.
CONCLUSIONS
Post-mortems on persons who have
been paralyzed for years on one side,
where arm and leg were affected,
have demonstrated that the subjects'
thoughts, actions and ability to attend
to business were not impaired, provid-
ing the limbs were paralyzed on the
left side of right-handed persons, on
the opposite side of left-handed per-
37
THE SOUL
sons. The great fact has thus been con-
clusively proven that all of the seven
mental faculties of the human mind
are located in one hemisphere of the
brain. If, therefore, but one hemis-
phere is required for all of the faculties
of the mind, the other hemisphere may
be used for the higher or intelectual
faculties. The great physiologist, Sir
Michael Foster, remarked: "We are.
completely in the dark as to the reason
why we have two hemispheres." Phys-
iologists have left us with an organ un-
named, unused, and its functions un-
known.
This organ may be named the Super-
human Brain, the organjof the higher
or intelectual faculties — the faculties
of the Soul. In speaking of the two
hemispheres of the brain they shall
hereinafter be termed the Human
38
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Brain and the Super-human Brain, the
Human Brain being the organ of the
mind, and the Super-human Brain be-
ing that of the Soul.
NEKVOUS SYSTEM
*"The nervous matter is divided into
two great systems, as follows: (1) The
cerebro-spinal system, composed of the
brain and spinal cord with the nerves
directly connected with these centers.
This system is specially connected with
the functions of relation, or of animal
life. The centers preside over general
sensation, the special senses, volun-
tary and some involuntary movements,
intellectation, and, in short, all of the
functions that characterize the animal.
(2) The sympathetic system. This sys-
tem is specially connected with the f unc-
* Austin Flint, Jr., M.D., L.L.D. Text Book of Hu-
man Physiology, Third Edition, 1886.
39
THE SOUL
tions relating to nutrition. Although
this system presides over functions en-
tirely distinct from those characteristic
of and peculiar to animals, the centers
of this system all have an anatomical
and physiological connection with the
cerebro-spinal nerves.
"High in the animal scale, the gen-
eral development of the nervous sys-
tem presents little, if any, variation;
hut special attributes are co-existent
with the development of special or-
gans. The development in this way of
particular portions of the nervous sys-
tem is in accordance with the peculiar
conditions of existence of different ani-
mals ; it is a necessary part of their or-
ganization, and is not dependent upon
education or intelligence. Examples of
this are in the extraordinary develop-
ment of the sense of sight, hearing or
40
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
smell in different animals. There are
animals in which these special senses
possess a delicacy of perception to
which men can never attain; but man
stands immeasurably above all other be-
ings by virtue of the immense prepond-
erance of what is known as the ence-
phalic portion of the nervous system.
These brief considerations will convey
some idea of the physiological import-
ance of the nervous system ; of the care
which should be exercised in its study.
The nervous system is anatomically and
physiologically distinct from all sys-
tems and organs in the body. It re-
ceives impressions made upon the term-
inal branches of its sensory portion,
and it conveys stimulus to parts, de-
termining and regulating the opera-
tion of their functions; but its physio-
logical properties are inherent, and it
41
THE SOUL
gives to no tissue or organ its special
power of performing its particular
function. The nervous system connects
into a co-ordinate organism all parts
and organs of the body. It is the me-
dium through which all impressions are
received. It animates or regulates all
movements, voluntary and involuntary.
It regulates the functions of secretion,
nutrition, calorification, and all the pro-
cesses of organic life.
"In addition to its functions as a
medium of conduction and communica-
tion, the nervous system, in certain of
its parts, is capable of receiving impres-
sions, and of generating a stimulating
influence, or force, peculiar to itself —
nerve force. The nerve-cells are the
only parts capable, under any circum-
stances, of generating the nerve-force.
There is no exception to this rule. The
42
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
so-called nervous irritability enables the
nerves to conduct from the centers to
the periphery a force which is generated
in the gray substance. This is the nerve
force. Its production is one of the most
remarkable of the phenomena of life;
and its essence, or the exact mechanism
of its generation, is one of the problems
that has thus far eluded the investiga-
tions of physiologists. We know, how-
ever, that the nerves serve simply as
conductors, and the nerve-cells generate
the nerve-force. It is evident, also, that
all of the vital phenomena are controlled
through this wonderful agent; and,
throughout our study of the nervous
system, we shall be constantly investi-
gating the phenomena attending the
operation of the nerve-force, while we
are compelled to admit our ignorance
of its essential nature.
43
THE SOUL
"No one, at the present day, pretends
that the nerve-force is identical with
any form of electricity; and the ques-
tion does not now demand discussion.
"Our study of the nerve-force, then,
leaving its essential nature unexplained,
is confined to a description of its char-
acteristic phenomena. ' '
44
Chapter III.
METAPHYSICS
"Either there is or there is not a higher life than rec-
ognized by our ordinary selves. If there is, it is the busi-
ness of science to ascertain its nature, and teach us how
we may attain it."
The term metaphysics was first ap-
plied to a group of philosophical disser-
tations by Aristotle, because they came
after his treatises upon physical mat-
ters. Artistotle said: "That which is
first in order of being is last in order
of knowledge. ' ' The term has since been
given various meanings.
Metaphysics is the science which de-
termines what can and what cannot be
known of being, and the laws of being.
It is the science of mental and intellect-
ual phenomena — hence: the scientific
45
THE SOUL
knowledge of mental and intellectual
phenomena. The subdivisions of meta-
physics are mental science and psychol-
ogy. Mental science has to do with the
development and functions of the men-
tal faculties which constitute the mind.
Psychology is the science of the Soul,
and has to do with the higher or intel-
lectual faculties of the Soul. The men-
tal faculties are knowledge, memory,
speech, conception, imagination, judg-
ment and reason. These faculties are
developed from without by impressions
received through the medium of the
senses. The intellectual or Soul facul-
ties are developed within by the power
of the will — " analytic insight."
The faculties of the Soul are knowl-
edge of good and evil, wisdom, under-
standing, righteousness, benevolence,
purity and love. There is a certain dy-
46
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
namic impulse derived from thought
and knowledge — " analytic insight; and
this insight arises from concentration of
all the developed powers upon the sub-
ject in hand to the exclusion of all
others, marshalling all of the facts and
opinions obtainable upon it, dwelling on
these, scrutinizing and comparing them
till a light flashes on the whole subject."
We then perceive clearly.
The definition of this science is gener-
ally understood as the scientific knowl-
edge of mental phenomena — mental
philosophy — a science occupied exclu-
sively with mind. Metaphysics should
mean the relation of the mental, intel-
lectual and physical faculties in their
conjoint operation in man — the relation
of function, or interdependence between
body, mind and Soul. That which has to
do exclusively with the development and
47
THE SOUL
nature of the mind should be termed
mental science ; and that which concerns
the Soul alone, psychology. In the au-
thor's opinion, this division and defin-
ing of metaphysics will be of benefit to
students of this science.
" Metaphysicians have theorized and
discussed the origin and nature of the
human mind for centuries, and have
never discovered the physical basis or lo-
cation of the mental faculties. Medical
men have made all of these discoveries.
The science of metaphysics is not
thought well of at this time, and many
writers use another term instead — psy-
chology. ' ' The term psychology is, how-
ever, much more confusing, and its true
meaning less understood than the term
metaphysics. Psychology is a higher
science than that of the mind. Its true
meaning is the science of the Soul — the
48
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
science that has to do with the higher
or intellectual faculties which belong
exclusively to the Soul. The term psy-
chology should never be used in connec-
tion with the mental or mind faculties if
we wish to avoid endless confusion.
Descartes writes : ' ' The human mind is
but a point ; we have found no guaran-
tee for its continuous existence. There
is no question more important to solve
than that of knowing what human
knowledge is, and how far it extends.
The mind appears to be shut up in the
magic circle of its own ideas, without
capacity to pass beyond, or contemplate
anything but its own ideas. "
Man has become weary of his
thoughts, and seeks for higher power to
free him from his mental prison. The
Soul soars, the mind grovels.
49
Chapter IV.
THE MIND,
ITS OBGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
"The human mind is but a point . . . appears to
be shut up in the magic circle of its own ideas."
— Descartes.
"The mind has its limits; its boundary reached, it
knows not whither to go."
Maeterlinck.
The physical basis of the mind is the
hemisphere, or brain, in which the
seven faculties of the mind are located
and developed. These faculties are de-
veloped by impressions from without,
received through the medium of the
senses. The mental faculties are knowl-
edge, memory, speech, conception, imag-
ination, judgment and reason. When
the faculties of the mind act co-ordinate-
ly, the result is the will. The will is the
51
^
THE SOUL
highest power or faculty of the human
mind, and is plainly the endowment by
which man is capable of choosing, and
deciding to do or not to do.
Romanes claims that man's highest
mental powers have arisen from the
lower stages of the same faculties in his
primate ancestors, and that he has no
single mental faculty which is his ex-
clusive prerogative. His whole mental
life, indeed, differs from that of the
nearest related mammals only in degree,
and not in kind. Human speech differs
from that of the brutes only in degree
of development, not in essence or kind.
Huxley's statement is: "As to the
convolutions, the brains of the apes ex-
hibit every stage of progress, from the
almost smooth brain of the marmoset to
the orang and chimpanzee, which fall
but little below man. So far as cerebral
52
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
structure goes, therefore, it is clear that
men differ less from the chimpanzee and
orang, than these do even from the mon-
keys, and that the difference between the
brain of the chimpanzee and of man is
almost insignificant when compared
with that between the chimpanzee brain
and that of a lemur."
The human brain is the organ of the
mind, and mind cannot exist apart
from this brain. ' i The mind, in the last
analysis," Dr. William Hanna Thom-
son affirms, "is the product of the com-
position and properties of brain matter ;
and its operations, of whatever sort, are
reactions among the brain elements to
the play of external forces. ' '
PECULIARITIES OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS
It has been repeatedly demonstrated
that persons have lived for several years
with one hemisphere of the brain de-
53
THE SOUL
stroyed by disease. Yet none of their
mental faculties were impaired. They
thought, acted, and attended to busi-
ness as well as before the injury to one
hemisphere, the only noticeable differ-
ence being that one side of their bodies
was incapable of voluntary movements.
Dr. Pierce Bailey, in the March number
of the American Journal of Medical
Sciences, 1889, gives the history of a
patient about fifty years of age, para-
lyzed on the left side. He lived ten
years, and showed no sign that his
mental faculties were impaired. After
death, the autopsy proved that the
right hemisphere of the brain was
disorganized and atrophied. Dr. Bailey,
in commenting on this, said: " Put-
ting all together, the man during
life manifested nothing to indicate
that the power of the operations
54
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
of his mind had been affected; and yet
after death the whole of one hemisphere
was found to be greatly lessened in size,
and the frontal lobes, which some regard
as the seat of the highest functions, were
almost totally annihilated on one side."
Medical men have reported several
cases of persons suddenly losing the fac-
ulty of speech. Mentally they remained
the same as before the loss of this facul-
ty, but for years not a word could they
utter. Why could they not speak when
they had corresponding convolutions in
both hemispheres, and only one had un-
dergone deterioration ? Because the fac-
ulty of speech was located in the injured
hemisphere.
None of the mental faculties can be
transferred from its original location in
one hemisphere to the other. That other
hemisphere is reserved for a higher pur-
55
THE SOUL
pose : the location of the intellectual fac-
ulties acquired by impressions made
upon the brain through the development
of the will. *
"Here we come upon a most impres-
sive fact, namely that by constant repe-
tition of a given stimulus we can effect a
permanent anatomical change in our
brain, and add a specific cerebral func-
tion to that organ, which it never had be-
fore, and which, therefore, it could not
have had originally or acquired sponta-
neously. The stimulus of the will is far
more powerful than that which is re-
ceived through the senses."
BKAIN DEVELOPED BY INTELLECTUAL POWER
It may be stated, as a general propo-
sition, that in the different races of men
* Dr. William Hanna Thomson, in his book entitled
"Brain and Personality," has collected a large number
of reports from medical men, which establish the fact
beyond doubt that but one of the brains is developed
by the mind.
56
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the cerebrum is developed in proportion
to the intellectual power. In different
individuals of the same race, the same
general rule obtains. It is likewise true
that proper training and exercise de-
velop and increase the vigor of all the
faculties. This will be explained in the
chapter on education.
In the place of the ineffectual efforts
of the unassisted human mind, a gradu-
ated system of helps must be supplied,
by the use of which the mind, would
proceed with unerring and mathemat-
ical certainty up to the beginning of the
higher intellectual development of the
Soul. Mental and intellectual powers
are proportionate to education.
Our educational efforts indicate to us
daily the limitation of the human mind.
We must develop the intellectual facul-
ties or fail.
Human knowledge never amounts to
certainty, but only to probability.
57
Chapter V.
PSYCHOLOGY, THE SCIENCE OF
THE SOUL; ITS POWEES
AND FUNCTIONS
"Does it seem incredible that a being whose pursuits
have been after truth, and whose purest happiness has
been derived from the acquisition of intellectual power,
should rise into a state of being, and ascend to the source
of power and wisdom?"
New York, January 14, 1913. — Andrew Carnegie, speak-
ing of the progress of civilization before the National
Civic Association this afternoon, said: "I believe that
even on this earth man will yet attain perfection."
Psychology exhibits what is actually
known or may be learned concerning the
Soul, in the forms of science — that is,
in the forms of exact observation, pre-
cise definition, fixed terminology, classi-
fied arrangement, and rational explana-
tion. Psychology is therefore the sci-
ence of the inner life. "What, is needed
THE SOUL
is a psychology which is marked by im-
mediate value, intelligence and charac-
ter/9
The author contends that psychology
has a physical basis, and that there is a
special organ in which the faculties of
the Soul are located. This organ is the
hemisphere of the brain opposite that
used for the faculties of the mind. Sci-
ence has demonstrated that the organ
last developed performs the highest
functions. There is no exception to this
rule. Accordingly, this brain, on which
the purely mental faculties fail to func-
tion, must of necessity be the organ of
the higher intellectual or Soul faculties.
Thus, correctly speaking, man has two
brains, not one brain with two hemis-
pheres. One of these brains is the or-
gan of the mind, and the other the organ
of the Soul.
60
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
The faculties of the mind are devel-
oped by impressions from without
through the medium of the senses. The
higher faculties of the Soul are devel-
oped within by the power of the will.
The faculties of the Soul are seven in
number: knowledge of good and evil,
wisdom, understanding, righteousness,
benevolence, purity and love.
The term Soul includes all of the in-
tellectual faculties. The term mind in-
cludes all of the mental faculties.
A scientific system of education, one
that has power to develop the intellect-
ual faculties, must be formulated,
taught and practiced before these higher
faculties may be developed. This mat-
ter will be taken up in the chapter on
education.
" Students of psychology to-day feel
the lack of any definite understanding
61
THE SOUL
of the term Soul as used by those who
class themselves as psychologists."
The word Soul has generally been ap-
plied to the supposed spiritual es-
sence of human personality which per-
sists after death.
According to the ancient dualistic
view, the human body is a double entity,
a mortal body containing an immortal
Soul which leaves the body after death.
"The newer or monistic view of the
Soul contends that man is an unific be-
ing, and that the body and Soul are in-
separable ; that the Soul is not an inde-
pendent thing, but like all other facul-
ties is regulated in its functioning by the
structure of the organs of the body, and
further by the work of the millions of
cells which constitute these organs.
From this point of view, psychology is
merely a department of physiology."
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
VIEWS OF MODERN PSYCHOLOGISTS
Modern psychology questions any use
of the word Soul, unless the author re-
stricts the term, stating specifically how
he desires it to be understood. " Psy-
chologists can discuss Soul scientifically
only as a mental development based on
material presented by the senses. ' '
"In recent text-books of psychology,
the word Soul does not occur, and the
word Mind, indeed, but seldom. Psy-
chology without a Soul is the order of
the day."
1 ' The Soul, ' ' a prominent psychologist
recently said, "is as dead as the dodo."
The late Professor James taught that
there is not only no evidence of its ex-
istence, but that it is a useless concep-
tion. "Souls," he contended, "have
63
THE SOUL
worn out both themselves and their wel-
come." To this school of thinkers, to
speak of the Soul is pure mysticism, and
should be rejected as unscientific. There-
fore, modern psychologists — so-called —
reject the Soul as superfluous.
TKUE PSYCHOLOGY
Nevertheless, true psychology — the
science of the Soul — "is the most attrac-
tive and interesting of sciences." It is
also, "because of the world's ignorance
of the subject, the most difficult." The
subject has been uppermost in the
minds of men of all times. Thousands
have written their views respecting the
Soul, yet there are as many different
opinions to-day as to what the Soul
really is as in any of the past ages.
The terms mind and Soul, as has been
said, owing to their metaphysical and
theological associations, are confusing.
Psychology must be reduced to an exact
64
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
science before knowledge of the subject
may be attained.
"The Soul attains notions and truths
of which no effort of sensation or imag-
ination can give us the slightest appre-
hension. " Man is transformed into a
higher being by the the power of the in-
tellectual faculties, or Soul. And as the
ape is to man, so shall man be to Su-
perman.
The task of developing the faculties of
the Soul is no longer a difficult one, be-
cause we now have a physical basis upon
which to build. A scientific, educational
system will remove all obstacles. We
may know ourselves, if we desire to at-
tain such knowledge.
Men have been strangers to them-
selves, and in consequence have never
been able to find a correct solution for
the great problems of life. These prob-
65
THE SOUL
lems may be solved only by progressive
development towards the highest intel-
lectual ideal. When this ideal is at-
tained we shall feel that we have been
transformed into new beings, and truly
live for the first time. This is the new
birth which enables us to love our neigh-
bors as ourselves, and to do unto others
as we would have them do unto us.
All ideals are excellent, if practical.
But if we cannot point out the straight
and narrow path that leads to their at-
tainment, they are only flights of fancy.
A scientific method of supplying man-
kind with truths which are at present
beyond the human powers must be em-
ployed, because the mind has its limits
— "its boundary reached it knows not
whither to go."
The powers of man tend toward
higher knowledge than the mind is able
66
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
to attain. If we desire to solve the mys-
teries, we must first develop the facul-
ties of the Soul.
"What the superior man seeks is in himself; what the
small man seeks is in others." — Confucius.
'When the Soul has departed, in which alone intelli-
gence exists, men take away the body of their dearest
friend, and put it out of sight as soon as possible."
— Socrates.
67
Chapter VI.
THE SOUL, ITS ORGAN AND
ANALYSIS OF ITS FACULTIES
"The Soul attains notions and truths of which no ef-
fort of sensation or imagination can give us the slightest
apprehension."
Philosophers have never come to any
agreement as to the nature or the es-
sence of the Soul. Some have thought
it to be a subtle air ; others have main-
tained that it is a flame ; a number have
considered it an essence. Equally vari-
ous have been opinions concerning its
location. It has been located in the ven-
tricles of the brain, throughout the
whole body, in the stomach, in the heart,
in the blood, and between the eyebrows.
The soul has, since the days of the an-
cient Egyptians, been considered a spir-
69
THE SOUL
itual essence that leaves the body, and
persists after death.
In the chapter on the brain and mind,
attention has been called to the fact that
the brain, properly speaking, is a pair of
organs, and that each hemisphere acts
independently of the other. It has been
demonstrated beyond doubt, as shown
in the preceding chapters, that the fac-
ulties of the mind are located in but one
of the two brains, and that in our pres-
ent state of development we use only
one. Physiologists have halted at this
point, and confess that they are com-
pletely in the dark as to the reason why
we have two brains. They have left us
with an organ unnamed, unused, and its
functions unknown. This organ is
named by the author the Super-human
Brain — the organ of the Soul.
The development of the faculties of
70
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the Soul will not be difficult when man
comprehends the power of scientific edu-
cation, and understands the sciences
which have to do with the civilization of
mankind.
The human race is divided into three
classes, savage, barbarous and civilized.
In the true meaning of the term, how-
ever, there is not, and never has been a
civilized nation on the face of the earth.
" Civilization does not mean the sacri-
fice of the weak to the strong, but the
willing sacrifice of the strong to the
weak/' The leading nations of the
world to-day are made up of barbarians.
Until the intellectual faculties shall
have been developed in man, civilization
may never be attained. Soulless people
cannot be civilized.
"Man appears to be the only being on
earth unable to complete his destiny.
71
THE SOUL
Every other being completes its destiny,
attains the utmost end of its faculties.
Man alone is always striving to advance
in his conceptions and achievements, yet
has never completed a single science. A
brute in a few years arrives at a point of
perfection which it can never pass if it
lived for thousands of years. Brutes
are not haunted and disquieted by the
desire of an ideal felicity which they
cannot find. Man alone sighs after an
image of infinite perfection."
FACULTIES OF THE SOUL
Knowledge of good and evil is the
first of the intellectual faculties of the
Soul. This great faculty has never
been well-defined nor understood. Good,
in its highest and best sense, is a cer-
tain disposition of the will — a desire
to do to others as we would that others
should do to us — opposed to evil. Good
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
cannot be applied to material things in
the sense it is here used. They are in-
different, neither good nor evil. In striv-
ing for good, the end is to become like
God.
"For so is the will of God, that with
well doing ye may put to silence the ig-
norance of foolish men."*
"Be ye transformed by the renewing
of your mind (developing your Souls)
that ye may prove what is that good, and
acceptable, and perfect will of God."t
God is the highest conception of the
intellect, a person deified and honored
as the chief good. "Good and upright
is the Lord ; therefore will he teach sin-
ners in the way. "J " For thou are good,
thou art good and doest good."
*1 Peter 2-15.
tPsa. £5-8.
SPsa. 86-5.
73
THE SOUL
"And the Lord God said: Behold, the
man is become as one of us, to know good
and evil."*
Knowledge of good and evil has power
to transform man into Superman — a
god or superhuman being. God, as the
personification of good, the highest in-
tellectual ideal, is the meaning of the
term used here.
"Knowledge, and the Spirit of the
Lord shall rest upon him, the spirit of
wisdom and understanding, the spirit
of knowledge."!
The spirit of God is defined in the
above quotation as being knowledge,
wisdom and understanding, the first
three faculties of the Soul.
Knowledge is power. When through
the means of knowledge the faculties of
*Gen. 3-22.
flsa. 11-2.
74
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the Soul are developed, we have the ca-
pacity to distinguish instantly between
good and evil, between the true and the
false. We then feel that we have ascend-
ed to a higher level of existence, and that
we truly live for the first time. Such
is the wonderful power of higher knowl-
edge.
Wisdom is the capacity to make due
use of knowledge, judgment, discretion,
skill, sagacity. Wisdom implies the
union of high intellectual and moral ex-
cellence.
" Happy is the man that findeth wis-
dom, and the man that getteth under-
standing/ '*
" Wisdom is the principal thing,
therefore get wisdom."!
" Wisdom is better than riches; and
*Prov. 3-13.
fProv, 4-7.
75
THE SOUL
all things that may be desired are not to
be compared to it."*
"To hate evil is the beginning of
knowledge; but fools despise wisdom
and instruction."!
"Doth not wisdom cry? She stand-
eth in the top of high places. Unto you,
O men, I call; and my voice is to the
sons of man. O ye simple, understand
wisdom. Hear for I shall speak of ex-
cellent things. They are all plain to
him that understandeth ; and right to
them that find knowledge. Now there-
fore hearken unto me, O ye children ; for
blessed are they that keep my ways.
Blessed is the man that heareth me ; for
whoso findeth me findeth life. "J
"But where shall wisdom be found?
*Prov. 8-11.
fProv. 1-7.
JProv. 8.
76
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
and where is the place of understand-
ing? It cannot be gotten for gold,
neither shall silver be weighed for the
price thereof. Whence then cometh
wisdom? and where is the place of un-
derstanding? Behold, to hate evil is
wisdom ; and to depart from it is under-
standing."*
The writers of Scripture did not have
any knowledge of the brain. They did
not, therefore, have a clear idea of the
mental and intellectual faculties, and
their location. But it is a remarkable
fact that in no other literature do we
find anything worth while about the
higher or intellectual faculties. The
Bible is the only book that gives the
slightest information as to how they
may be developed.
*Job 28-28.
77
THE SOUL
a-
'I will give you pastors according to
mine heart, which shall feed you with
knowledge and understanding."*
"Behold, Grod exalteth by his power,
who teacheth like him."t
"My people are destroyed for lack of
knowledge."!
We are also told that Moses was
learned in all the wisdom of the Egyp-
tians— Acts 7-22; and that Jesus in-
creased in wisdom and stature, and in
favor with God and man — Luke 2-52.
Wisdom is special intellectual endow-
ment— capacity for any of the leading
kinds of Soul activity.
Understanding is the power to under-
stand : the higher capacity of the intel-
lect; the power to distinguish truth
* Jer. 3-15.
fJob 36-22.
JHos. 4-6.
78
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
from falsehood. This is indeed a re-
markable faculty. Solomon declares:
"My son, incline thine ear unto wis-
dom, and apply thine heart to under-
stand; yea, if thou criest after knowl-
edge, and lif test up thy voice for under-
standing; if thou seekest her as silver,
and searchest for her as for hid treas-
ure ; then shalt thou understand. Then
shalt thou understand righteousness,
and judgment, and equity; yea, every
good path. When wisdom entereth into
thine heart, and knowledge is pleasant
unto thy Soul ; discretion shall preserve
thee, understanding shall keep thee."
And again: "He that is slow to wrath
is of great understanding. Wisdom
resteth in the heart (Soul) of him that
hath understanding. Understanding is
a well-spring of life unto him that hath
it. Wisdom is before him that hath
79
THE SOUL
understanding. He that hath knowl-
edge spareth his words; and a man of
understanding is of an excellent spirit.
He that getteth wisdom loveth his own
Soul; he that keepeth understanding
shall find good."
When these three great faculties of
the Soul — which are defined as being
the spirit of God — are developed, the
others will surely follow as the fruit of
the spirit — righteousness, benevolence,
purity and love.
Man having attained the capacity for
higher intellectual development, what
can prevent him from going on to per-
fection? "They that seek the knowl-
edge of good and evil understand all
things." "There is nothing hid that
shall not be revealed." With knowl-
edge as a rudder, wisdom for a compass,
and understanding in command, we can
80
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
sail our ship of life safely across the
great ocean of time, into the harbor of
righteousness, purity and love, and take
our rightful places among the gods.
" Jesus answered them, is it not writ-
ten in your law, I said, Ye are gods."*
Human beings are transformed by the
spirit of God (Good) into Superhuman
beings — gods. This transformation
gives man an idea of the wonderful
power of the intellectual or Soul facul-
ties when developed.
The term righteousness, as used in
the Scriptures— in which it chiefly oc-
curs— is equivalent to holiness, purity,
uprightness, equity, justice, integrity,
honesty, faithfulness and godliness —
not deviating from the true and the
just; according with truth and duty.
The desire of the righteous is only good.
*Jno. 10-34.
81
THE SOUL
" Blessed are they that doeth right-
eousness at all times." "Lord, who shall
abide in thy tabernacle ? who shall dwell
in thy holy hill ? He that walketh up-
rightly, and worketh righteousness, and
speaketh the truth in his heart. " "I
put on righteousness, and it clothed me ;
my judgment was as a robe and a dia-
dem. I was eyes to the blind, and feet
was I to the lame. I was a father to
the poor; and the cause which I knew
not I searched out." "I have preached
righteousness in the great congrega-
tion; I have not hid thy righteousness
within my heart; I have not concealed
thy loving kindness and thy truth from
the great congregation. In the way of
righteousness is life and in the pathway
thereof there is no death." "Righteous-
ness exalteth a nation." "He that fol-
loweth after righteousness and mercy
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
findeth life." " Blessed are they that
hunger and thirst after righteousness."
The excellence of righteousness is
thus set forth in the Scriptures, and
very little on the subject is found else-
where.
Righteousness is the first fruit of the
spirit, of knowledge, wisdom and un-
derstanding. No human being can be
righteous until the great Soul faculties
are developed, which have power to
cause the transformation. When the
intellectual faculties, which the Scrip-
tures define as being the Spirit of God,
are developed, the others follow as the
day follows the night, and the glorious
light of the knowledge of the Soul dis-
pels all darkness and doubt. "Ask for
the old paths, walk therein and ye shall
find rest for your souls."
Benevolence is the disposition to do
83
THE SOUL
good. It is good will — love of mankind.
Benevolence marks a disposition made
up of a choice and desire for the happi-
ness of others, and an irresistible desire
to do unto others as you would that they
should do to you.
Purity is freedom from moral defile-
ment or guilt. It is innocence, guiltless-
ness, chastity, freedom from improper
motives or views. i ' Blessed are the pure
in heart, for they shall see God. ' ' " The
words of the pure are pleasant words."
"As for the pure, his work is right.
Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever
things are honest, whatsoever things are
just, whatsoever things are pure, if
there be any virtue, think on these
things."
Love, in its true and divine concep-
tion, creates in the one who possesses it
84
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
all good qualities, or the desire to pos-
sess them.
"Thou shalt love the Lord thy God,
with all thy heart, and with all thy Soul,
and all thy strength, and all thy mind,
and thy neighbor as thyself. " " But the
fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace,
gentleness, goodness, meekness, temper-
ance ; against such there is no law. But
whoso hath this world's goods, and seeth
his brother have need, and shutteth up
his bowels of compassion from him, how
dwelleth the love of God in him? Let
us not love in word, neither in tongue ;
but in deed and in truth."
First Corinthians, chapter thirteen,
fully explains the wonderful power of
love, the highest faculty of the Soul.
85
Chapter VII.
DUALISM
THE OLD AND NEW INTERPRE-
TATION, MYSTICISM
"There is a natural body, (human) and there is a
Spiritual body (Super-human). Howbeit, that was not
first which is Spiritual, but that which is natural; and
afterward that which is Spiritual."
"But the natural man receiveth not the things of the
Spirit of God. Neither can he know them, because they
are Spiritually discerned."
"The Spirit of God will come upon thee, and thou
shalt be turned into another man (Super-man)."
The general conception of dualism, as
promulgated by philosophers and theol-
ogians from the dawn of civilization, is
stated by Haeckel to be the hypothesis
that the human body is a double entity,
a mortal body containing an immortal
Soul, which leaves the body at death.
87
THE SOUL
Therefore, the term Soul — according to
the advocates of this theory — is defined
by Angel as that spiritual essence of
human personality which persists after
death.
In a wider sense, the term dualism
may be applied to any theory founded
on the principle of double personality.
It may be thus used with regard to the
doctrine that two distinct personalities
existed in Jesus, the human and the di-
vine— or human and superhuman.
Physiologically it is also applicable to
the theory that the two hemispheres of
the brain act independently : the one be-
ing developed and used by the mind, the
other being the physical basis of the
Soul, and in which the higher or intel-
lectual faculties are located.
This second hemisphere is not devel-
oped in the purely human being. Thus,
88
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
in the limitations of ordinary human in-
telligence , may be found an explanation
of the dual personality of Jesus. We
are told that he led the ordinary life of
a human being until about the age of
twenty-six. After his baptism in the
River Jordan by John the Baptist, it is
recorded that he received the baptism of
the Holy Spirit — or Spirit of Grod. The
Biblical definition of the Spirit of God
is knowledge, wisdom and understand-
ing. (Isa. 11-2.) Knowledge, Wisdom
and Understanding are the three first
faculties of the Soul. About four years
after his baptism, Jesus began to teach.
He was transformed from a human be-
ing into a Superhuman or Divine Be-
ing by the power of the intellectual fac-
ulties.
He said unto his disciples : " Ye shall
be baptized with the baptism that I am
89
THE SOUL
baptized with" — that is they would be
intellectually developed. ' ' Whatever
may be the opinion of those who have
studied the teachings of Jesus," says the
London Spectator, "all must agree that
he was an idealist. He pointed out as
the aim of mankind an impossible stand-
ard of human character. His ideal of
love in act and thought and deed was
superhuman, and the best efforts of a
human creature to fulfill its obligations
merely result in the consciousness of
each one that his efforts have been
inadequate."
"Jesus preached perfection, and ad-
mitted that to perfection no man can
attain. ' ' Man must be transformed into
the Superhuman before he can love his
neighbor as himself, and do unto others
as he would have others do to him. Hu-
man beings cannot do these things.
90
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
"And lie spake many things unto the
multitude in parables. His disciples
said unto him, why speakest thou unto
them in parables? Because it is given
unto you to know the mysteries of the
kingdom of Heaven, but to them it is not
given. They seeing, see not ; and hear-
ing they hear not, neither do they un-
derstand. But blessed are your eyes, for
they see ; and your ears, for they hear.
And when they were alone he expound-
ed all things to his disciples. "
"But the natural man receiveth not
the things of the Spirit of God, for they
are foolishness unto Him; neither can
he know them, because they are spirit-
ually (intellectually) discerned."
These passages plainly teach that hu-
man beings cannot understand the
higher truths that transform them into
*Mat. 13.
91
THE SOUL
superior beings until they have been,
taught and are qualified to understand
them. This makes clear the double per-
sonality of man : first, a human being —
a savage ; second, a Superhuman — civil-
ized being, transformed by the Spirit of
God, or by the development of the intel-
lectual faculties. This is the new birth.
"And the Spirit of the Lord shall come
upon thee, and thou shalt be turned into
another man — ( Superman )."
MYSTICISM
In its higher interpretation, mysti-
cism may be understood to mean direct
intercourse with the Divine Spirit —
knowledge of spiritual things not at-
tainable by the natural or human mind.
"It is the conception of the Soul as
something that can see and perceive the
Spiritual verities as unmistakably as the
mind can grasp material things. ' ' " The
92
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
dynamic part of the mystical principle
may be said to lie in the quickening of
the desire for direct intercourse with
the Divine. " Excellency in the highest
degree — above that which is human, and
is therefore Superhuman, is the mean-
ing of Divine which the author here de-
sires to convey.
The Soul attains knowledge of a
higher degree than that of the mind, and
far above any knowledge attained by the
senses; but the Soul of the intellectual
or spiritual man alone has wings, and is
ever being initiated into perfect mys-
teries.
What is now known as mysticism will
no longer appear mysterious when the
intellectual faculties are developed.
Transcendent means very excellent —
superior or supreme in excellence ; that
which lies beyond the human mind.
93
THE SOUL
Through the cultivation of the higher
intellectual faculties this state is at-
tained.
It has been well said that if God de-
sired to reveal to man His mysteries, He
must endue him with higher faculties
before he can understand them.
"What a piece of work is man; how
infinite in faculty !" writes Shake-
speare.
"Jesus said unto his disciples, It is
given unto you to know the mysteries of
the kingdom of Heaven."*
"There is nothing covered that shall
not be revealed, and hid that shall not
be known, "t
"The revelation of the mystery, which
was kept secret since the world began,
*Mat. 18-11.
fMat. 10-96.
94
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
but now is made manifest, and by the
Scriptures of the prophets."*
"If by any means I might attain unto
the resurrection of the dead ; God shall
reveal even this unto you."f
Mysticism aims to qualify man to
transcend the ordinary human life, and
to live a higher intellectual or spiritual
life as a Superhuman being.
Dr. Haeckel gives the general accept-
ed meaning of Dualism. "The human
body is a double entity, a mortal body
containing an immortal Soul, which
leaves the body at death."
That each brain hemisphere acts in-
dependently of the other ; and that two
distinct personalities, a human and a
Divine, existed in Jesus, is the author's
conception of the true meaning of
Dualism.
*Rom. 16-95, 2t
fPhil. 3-11, 15.
95
Chapter VIII.
SUPERMAN,
THE MEANING NOT CLEARLY
UNDERSTOOD
DEFINITION
Superman — "A symbol of man raised to its highest
power. How can man be trained up to his highest power?
How can such training be made accessible to all?"
Nietzche, in his famous declaration,
asserts : "I teach you beyond man. Man
is something that shall be surpassed.
What have you done to surpass man?
All things hitherto have created some-
thing beyond themselves, and are ye go-
ing to be the ebb of this great tide, and
rather revert to the animal than sur-
pass man ? What with man is the ape ?
a joke or sore shame. Man shall be the
same for beyond man, a joke or sore
97
THE SOUL
shame. Behold, I teach you beyond
man (Superman)/'
Current Literature for February,
1909, says: "No word in modern phil-
osophical parlance has gone farther
than the word Superman? It touches
contemporary thought at almost every
point ; it is the symbol of much that is
latent in life and literature of the pres-
ent time. Yet who can tell just what it
signifies ?"
The Outlook for February 11, 1911,
declares: "Every fine instinct, noble im-
pulse, and large views of truth revolt
against the Superman, that hideously
perverted ideal of greatness which the
contemporary pessimists have fashioned
out of egotism, conceit, brutality, and
greed of power and pleasure; a figure
more repulsive than the most revolting
image of the evil forces personified by
98
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the imagination of the savage. The Su-
perman is the incarnation of ruthless
egotism, the personification of the anti-
social vices, a nightmare which haunts
the dreams of those whose minds trem-
ble on the verge of moral insanity. The
Superman would be the ideal man if the
devil were God ; in a world in which the
Christ has lived the Superman is the
devil in human form, a beast of prey
clothed like a human being."
TRUE MEANING
In reply to the Outlook's conception
of the meaning of Superman, I shall
quote Cromwell's advice to the Scots:
"I beseech you in the tender mercies of
the Lord, believe it possible that you
may be wrong."
The meaning of the word Superman
does not appear to be clearly understood.
Super means above, and man means a
99
THE SOUL
human being. Therefore, the word Su-
perman means a being above man — a
superhuman being.
The Hebrews and Greeks used the
word gods to distinguish superhuman
beings from human beings. Socrates
used the word demon — a being of in-
termediate nature between the Divine
and the human. The word Superman
may properly be applied with the same
significance.
The following definition has been given
of Superman: "A symbol of man raised
to its highest power. " A superhuman
being, or superior being is, accordingly,
identical with the Superman in the high-
est and best sense of the term. When
we rise to the level of the Superman,
the terms man — human being, and su-
perior man must of necessity be left be-
hind. They are not adequate. We have
100
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
had superior and inferior men, "like the
poor, with us always."
"This, then, is the problem: how can
man be trained up to his highest power %
How can such training be made acces-
sible to all?" If there is a higher life
on this earth than is recognized by hu-
man beings, it is the business of science
to raise them to this higher level, and
qualify them to understand its nature.
"There is more in us than the mind
discovers. We have many things within
us which our senses have not placed
there. Man contains a being superior
to the one he knows."
The higher faculties, not yet devel-
oped in man, as has already been stated,
are knowledge of good and evil, wis-
dom, understanding, righteousness, be-
nevolence, purity and love. We are told
in Genesis that God said: "Behold, the
101
THE SOUL
man is become as one of us, to know good
and evil" — the condition of Superman
or gods.
It is also written: " There is a nat-
ural body (human body) and there is a
Spiritual body (Superhuman body).
Howbeit, that was not first which is
Spiritual, but which is natural (or men-
tal) ; and afterward that which is Spir-
itual (or intellectual)."
Webster defines spiritual as meaning
"Of or pertaining to the intellectual and
higher endowments of the soul — intel-
lectual. ' ' The word spiritual, therefore,
means intellectual.
The realization of the Superman lies
in the development of the higher or in-
tellectual faculties. Herbert Spencer
maintains that to prepare man for com-
plete living is the function which edu-
cation has to perform.
102
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
"God said unto Adam: 'I have made
thee neither celestial nor terrestial,
neither mortal nor immortal, in order
that you may chisel yourself and edu-
cate yourself into whatever image and
being you please. You can degenerate
to the beast, you may ascend to God.' "
"The ultimate for man is to become
like God."
"He will come, and His name will be the Man- god.
The God-man? The Man-god; there is a difference."
— Dostoievsky.
103
Chapter IX.
THE TRUE PROGRESS OF MAN-
KIND, AND HOW PROMOTED
"National progress, political progress, these may have
been; but how about moral excellence and intellectual
power? The higher creative powers of man have not
grown stronger. Who will even assert that the love of
truth and the courage to deliver the truth has grown
stronger or more common?"
Progress means a moving forward to-
ward ideal completeness or perfection in
respect to quality or conditions, applied
to individuals, communities or the en-
tire race. It means a rise in capacity —
the development of higher faculties, and
has to do with quality only. Through
it comes increased power in mental and
intellectual faculties, and the evolution
of superior beings.
Genuine progress takes place when
105
THE SOUL
men and women are properly educated
and raised above the ordinary level, es-
tablishing a superior standard of mental
and intellectual excellence. Society
should make every effort to produce
ideal men and women, training them by
precept and example in the ways of
goodness and truth. Mankind may, in
no other way, attain the highest level of
development — the condition of the Su-
perman.
GENIUS AND TALENT
Mrs. Martin of New York has writ-
ten an excellent book entitled: "Is Man-
kind Advancing ? ' ' She thinks that the
word progress should be limited to sig-
nify a rise in human capacity, and the
development of higher orders of human
beings. We must, she says, " develop a
higher order of beings before we can at-
tain the goal of completeness and per-
106
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
fection." Mankind is a term which in-
dicates human beings. We must go be-
yond man, and develop Superman, or
superhuman beings.
Mrs. Martin concludes that the de-
gree of progress of any age may be de-
termined only by the impress left upon
it by the men of genius produced dur-
ing a given period. Without doubt she
bases her conclusion upon Huxley's
statement: "The advance of mankind
has everywhere depended upon the pro-
duction of men of genius." "We must
judge any period by the number and
ability of its men of genius.'' "Aris-
totle," says Hegel, "was a genius beside
whom no age has an equal to place."
Emerson says of Plato, "Compare Plato
with other men. How many ages have
gone by, and he remains unapproached. ' '
Mrs. Martin lists about twenty-seven
107
THE SOUL
men of transcendent genius, beginning
with Moses, and calls attention to the
fact that Athens produced, in a few
years, ten of the twenty-seven.
But the present ignorant and upro-
gressive condition of the world bears
witness that the number of geniuses
heretofore produced have not been suf-
ficient to insure the progress of the
race.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT NEEDED
True progress does not depend upon
geniuses. It demands a scientific edu-
cational system, one that has power to
develop superior beings. Talent pre-
supposes general mental and intellectual
strength, with a peculiar aptitude for
being molded or directed to valuable
ends and purposes. This is dependent
on high mental and intellectual training,
and a perfect command of all the fac-
108
ITS OKGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
ulties of the mind and Soul. Talent is
the result of scientific education and
training. Genius is an accident of birth.
The great need of the world is superior
beings, well-balanced, and qualified to
teach mankind the way to attain a
higher life of happiness, peace and joy-
while on this earth. This educational
system, formulated and taught, will de-
velop the Superman, defined as being
a symbol of mankind raised to its high-
est power. We cannot expect genuine
progress until an educational system —
which carries with it power to trans-
form ignorant, savage and barbarous
human beings into civilized Superhu-
man beings — is formulated, taught and
practiced.
If a man desires to aid humanity in
its progress toward the highest ideal by
doing something that has never been
109
THE SOUL
done before, he must first blaze a new
trail through the wilderness of human
ignorance. "We ought not to expect
that things, which have never yet been
done, can be done except by means which
have never been tried. " In place of the
ineffectual efforts of the human mind,
a scientific system of education must be
supplied, which will enable man to pro-
gress with mathematical certainty up to
the full and complete development of the
intellectual faculties, or faculties of the
Soul.
"It is easier to perceive error than to find truth, for
the former lies on the surface and is easily seen, while the
latter lies in the depths, where few are willing to search."
— Goethe.
110
Chapter X.
EDUCATION,
ITS PURPORT AND AIMS
"The world needs trained and disciplined superior men
and women (Superman), who know, and who can think,
who can perceive and interpret, whose mental and intel-
lectual faculties are instruments of precision, and whose
judgments are made strong by knowledge."
Education is defined as " acquirement
by any course of discipline and instruc-
tion; the systematic development and
cultivation of the mind and Soul." It
has for its aim, therefore, the develop-
ment of the powers of man. It implies
the communication of knowledge; the
development of the intellectual faculties,
and discipline of the mind and Soul;
the establishment of true basic princi-
ples upon which may be formulated
111
THE SOUL
right rules to guide man in progress to-
ward the highest ideal. Through this
education man secures that progressive
development in which all of the great
problems of life are to find their solu-
tion. In the last analysis, education af-
fords a method by which ignorant, bru-
tal, savage and barbarous human beings
may be transformed into wise, righteous,
benevolent and loving Superhuman be-
ings.
No person may be correctly termed
educated until knowledge is organized
into faculty. Faculty is the ability to
act or perform — inborn or cultivated ca-
pacity for any natural function. To be
specific, it is an organized mental and
intellectual power or capacity for any
of the known mental and intellectual ac-
tivities: physic or Soul capacity; intel-
lectual endowment or powei — as facul-
112
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
ties of the mind and Soul. Faculty is
properly limited to the endowments
which are natural to man and universal
to the race.
PURPOSE OF EDUCATION
" What ought people to be ? How can
we change them from what they are to
what they ought to be?" There is but
one way in which this may be accom-
plished. A scientific, educational sys-
tem must be formulated and taught, one
that has power to develop the intellect-
ual faculties, in order to effect such a
result. The purpose of education is to
uplift mankind, and to develop the tal-
ents. Talent presupposes general men-
tal and intellectual strength, with a pe-
culiar aptitude for being molded or di-
rected to valuable ends and purposes.
Talent depends on high mental and in-
tellectual training, and a perfect com-
113
THE SOUL
mand of all the faculties of mind and
Soul. Talent is the result of true scien-
tific education, taught and practiced.
Either there is or there is not a higher
and better life than is recognized by our
ordinary selves. If there is, it is the
business of science to ascertain its na-
ture, and to teach man how to attain it.
"Excellence is never made easy of
attainment for mankind. We may have
every excellence if we are willing to pay
for it with its equivalent of toil." There
is no royal road to knowledge. The
world needs trained and disciplined su-
perior men and women, beings who know,
and who can think, who can perceive
and interpret, whose mental and intel-
lectual faculties are instruments of pre-
cision, and whose judgments are made
steady by knowledge. They must feel
114
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
that they know how human beings be-
come educated, and be able to teach oth-
ers the way. They hold an intellectual
ideal of what mankind is capable of be-
coming, and have the knowledge and
ability to put this ideal into practice.
The one essential aim of education is
to awraken the interior activities of the
individual — to start his intellectual ma-
chinery so that he will run himself au-
tomatically. It is the same end that
must be sought to insure the success of
the institution, which is never success-
ful until it runs of its own momentum,
impelled by the life within. At the pres-
ent hour, the duty before us is to seek
out that which lies dormant within, and
to quicken into life the infinite faculties
which we possess. "What a piece of
work is man — how infinite in faculty ! ' '
115
THE SOUL
MIND AND SOUL DEVELOPMENT THKOUGH
EDUCATION
The intellectual or Soul faculties can-
not be developed until we have formul-
ated a superior educational system. Our
present educational system has no
power to reach the higher faculties.
Some of the foremost educators of
the world have expressed their opinions
of our present system of education as
follows :
"All over the world the traditional
methods of education have been tried
and found wanting." — Professor Wen-
dell.
"We teachers are searching for the
fundamental principles of the thing we
are trying to do. I have had the ex-
perience of feeling that I was bending
all my efforts to do a thing which was
not susceptible of being done, and that
116
ITS 0KGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
the teaching that I profest to do was
done in a vacuum ; as if done without an
atmosphere in which the forces might be
transmuted." — Woodrow Wilson.
"Any teaching that does not reveal
the secret of power is not worthy the
name." — David Starr Jordan.
"Compared with our astonishing
progress in physical science, and its
practical application, our system of gov-
ernment, of administrative justice, of
national education, and our entire social
and moral organization remain in a
state of barbarism." — Alfred Russell
Wallace.
A writer in the Chicago Tribune says :
"We are drifting into national degener-
acy. We are becoming a crowd of well-
drilled, well-disciplined, commonplace
individuals, with strong Philistine hab-
its, and notions of general mediocrity.
117
THE SOUL
We have clever business men, cunning
artisans, resourceful politicians, adroit
leaders of new cults, but no artists, no
scientists, no philosophers;, tno states-
men, no genuine talent, and no true gen-
ius."
Boris Sidis, one of the leading psy-
chologists of the times, says that we are
blind to the barbaric evils of our envir-
onment. He calls us bat-blind, stock-
blind, mole-blind, and stone-blind. And
what are the underlying causes of this
state of affairs ? Our vicious system of
education, and our drunken optimism,
declares this writer, in no moderate
terms. Our educators are owl- wise, nar-
row-minded pedants, ignorant of the
real, vital problems of human interests.
The mind is developed from without.
The highest power or faculty of the
mind, as before stated, is the will. The
118
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Soul faculties are developed by the
will, but from within instead of with-
out. By that which we decide to do or
not to do, the great benefits which will
follow the development of the intellect-
ual faculties is clearly pointed out to the
mind. Education is the scientific way
whereby these benefits may be attained.
The will, then, by its power over the
brain cells, causes them to react and re-
spond to its powerful stimulus. This
stimulus, often repeated, causes changes
in brain matter, and new seats are
formed for the higher faculties in the
Super-human brain.
The very important discovery, al-
ready noted, has been made that the
gray matter of the brains is plastic, and
may be changed by education. The con-
genital functions need not remain as
they are at birth, nor need they develop
119
THE SOUL
upon hereditary lines. Our brains may-
be fashioned artificially — that is by edu-
cation, so that they may acquire many
new functions or capacities which never
come by birth or inheritance, but which
may be stamped upon it as so many
physical alterations in its substance.
This truth gives man a fresh conception
of the power of scientific education.
Every method of special education
modifies or changes the gray matter of
the brain in certain localities, and en-
dows it with capacity to perform special
functions. Such is the wonderful power
of education. "A trained musician
plays upon his instrument as readily as
another person reads the printed page.
In each case the brain is modified so as
to make the acquirement of the specific
powers possible. ' ' Every mental and in-
tellectual faculty is located and devel-
120
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
oped in our brains by the power of edu-
cation.
An adequate educational system
must, therefore, be devised, taught, and
practiced before civilized beings can be
developed, and higher ideals realized.
"All truth converges to the point of hu-
man betterment and social progress. He
who would seek truth in the scientific
spirit, must be willing to accept facts as
they are demonstrated, and to follow
this truth whithersoever it may lead.
The unselfish pursuit of truth leads not
only to larger usefulness, but no less
truly to simplicity and nobility of life.
If we seek truth with a disinterested
passion for knowledge, and a desire for
extending the bounds of knowledge,
surely we may accomplish things as yet
undreamed of."
"Learning undigested by thought, is labor lost ; thought
unassisted by learning is perilous."
— Confucius.
121
THE SOUL
IDEALISM AND ITS REALIZATION
"All idealists are in search of this
transforming and uplifting power;
something above the senses, which will
bring happiness and peace. This will
come from having a mystery to inter-
pret, a message of higher, brighter and
better things in store for mankind in
this life. "
THE TRANSCENDENT POWER OF EDUCATION
Education has for its aim the civiliza-
tion of man. It implies the communica-
tion of knowledge, the development of
the mental and intellectual faculties,
and the discipline of the mind and soul
— the establishment of true basic prin-
ciples upon which may be formulated
right rules to guide mankind in progress
toward the highest ideal. It asures that
progressive development in which all of
the great problems of life are to find
122
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
their solution. It has power to give to
humanity trained and disciplined supe-
rior beings, who know, who are able
to think, perceive and interpret ; whose
mental and intellectual faculties are
instruments of precision, and whose
judgments are made steady by knowl-
edge; who feel certain of the way in
which mankind would become educated,
and who are able to teach others the
way; who hold an intellectual ideal of
what human beings are capable of be-
coming, and have the knowledge and
ability to put this ideal into practice.
At the present hour the duty before us
is to seek out that which lies dormant
within, and to quicken into life the in-
finite faculties which we possess, and to
attain in the ultimate for man — to be-
come like God.
123
Chapter XI.
SOCIOLOGY,
IN RELATION TO MAN'S DEVEL-
MENT
"Compared with our astonishing progress in physical
science and its practical application, our system of gov-
ernment, of administrative justice, of national education,
and our entire social and moral organization remain in
a state of BARBARISM."
— Alfred Russell Wallace.
Sociology is that branch of philosophy
which treats of the constitution, phe-
nomena and development of society.
Social science is the science of all that
relates to the social conditions, the rela-
tions and institutions which are in-
volved in man's existence, and his well-
being as a member of an organized com-
munity. The subdivisions of the science
of sociology are economics, hygiene,
125
THE SOUL
ethics, psychology and theology. These
five sciences have to do with the trans-
formation of man from the savage to the
civilized being.
ECONOMICS
The branch of the science of sociology
which is known as economics has to do
with the production, preservation, dis-
tribution and consumption of the neces-
saries of life. It accordingly deals with
man as a being who is occupied in ac-
quiring and consuming the things abso-
lutely necessary to maintain life. By
showing man how all that is necessary
for his welfare is best gained and pre-
served, the tendency to overcome selfish-
ness and greed — which create the desire
to appropriate by force, without regard
for the rights of others, that by which
all must live — is developed. "The love
of wealth is a very strong human pas-
126
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
sion, and if not restrained by higher in-
tellectual development, usually mani-
fests itself in robbery or war."
"What are the attributes necessary
to constitute a good government of a
community, state or nation ? It must be
guided by wisdom, animated by a spirit
of benevolence, and pursue a policy of
righteousness. A certain and sufficient
livelihood must be secured for all the
people. Without this their minds will
be unsettled, and they will proceed to
every form of wild license. They will
break all laws, good and bad. When a
sufficient and certain supply of the nec-
essaries of life — food, clothing and shel-
ter— can be procured for all the people
by their labor, a suitable education
should be provided for all. Without
the necessaries of life, education has not
the power to make them virtuous." —
127
THE SOUL
Mencius. When human beings cannot se-
cure the necessaries of life by their la-
bor, they will violate all the laws of
God and man.
"The natural order of society is al-
ways beneficent. The economic evils
that burden mankind are due to human
institutions, corrupted by ambition and
avarice. Mankind must be taught the
way back to that state in which all things
economic will work together for the
good of the whole human race."
How may the necessaries of life be
easiest secured for all the people ¥ Hu-
man beings must be taught to work to-
gether for the good of all, and be brought
to a realizing sense of the fact that in
helpfulness to others, man best helps
himself. Human beings must be trans-
formed by education into a higher order
of being before they can understand the
128
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
civilizing power of co-operation, and its
wonderful help to man. Human beings
may learn much concerning social econ-
omy from the habits of insects. From
time immemorial insects have been or-
ganized into seemingly intelligent co-
operative communities. For thousand
of years it has been the habit of ants
and bees to live in colonies for protec-
tion and helpfulness to each other, while
men have lived as wild beasts in caves,
and made war on each other.
Ignorance, waste, and indulgence in
expensive, unnatural habits, such as the
use of tobacco, alcohol and harmful
drugs are the principal causes of man's
unhappiness and disquietude. Scientific
education alone has power to bring man
back to the straight and narrow path
that leadeth unto a higher and better life
129
THE SOUL
than may be recognized by man in his
present ignorant state.
It has been repeatedly stated by com-
petent observers that the people of the
United States waste every year enough
to supply the French nation. If such
is the case — and it undoubtedly is — the
study of economics is of the greatest im-
portance to this nation.
We have an example of what co-oper-
ation will do for a large community in
the Amana Society of the state of Iowa,
which has been in existence for about
fifty years. It has lasted longer, and has
been more successful than any other or-
ganization of this kind ever formed in
the United States. With a membership
of about one hundred in the beginning,
it has now a membership of some twelve
hundred or more, and has several million
dollars worth of property. This society
130
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
is a religious sect. Everything is held in
common by the society. The accumula-
tion of property has grown to a point
where equal distribution would give to
each member six thousand dollars or
more.
This example forever settles the prob-
lem of economic production, preserva-
tion and distribution of the necessaries
of life. Mankind must be taught the
wonderful power of scientific education
along these lines before real civilization
is possible.
The unnatural struggle for mere ex-
istence, which the masses have to con-
tend with, is savage and barbarous. Why
do we speak of being civilized, as long
as the prevalent conditions exist among
the people?
HYGIENE
That branch of social science which
131
THE SOUL
treats of the preservation of health, es-
specially of households and communi-
ties, and lays down a system of princi-
ples or rules designed for the promo-
tion of health, is called hygiene.
About fifteen hundred years B. C,
Moses published a philosophy of health.
From that remote period until within
the last one hundred years the Mosaic
code was the only one in existence.
An old number of the North British
Review gives an account of the deplor-
able sanitary conditions in Shakes-
peare's time. "The floors were of
earth, and the broom was used but little.
The garbage was thrown about the doors
and windows, where it was allowed to
rot. The earth of the floor was over-
weighed with putrid matter, and much
of it came into the air of the rooms.
There was no drainage, baths were sel-
132
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
dom taken, clothing was changed only
at long periods, and as a consequence of
all this the plague was ever playing
havoc with the people."
Down to quite recent times, the world
was scourged by frightful epidemics.
It has been stated that the Black Death
destroyed 25,000,000 human beings.
Only two hundred years ago the death
rate in London was eighty per thousand.
At the present time it is not above twen-
ty per thousand. The infant mortality
was terrible beyond belief.
In 1832, Dr. Southwood Smith of
England published his philosophy of
health. This was the beginning of the
improvements in the application of the
science of hygiene as we have it to-day.
Since then a great advance has been
made in the promotion of health, but
much still remains to be done.
133
THE SOUL
The first International Sanitary Con-
gress was held in Vienna in 1874. Pre-
vious to that time, sanitation had been
local, and not compulsory. At this con-
gress steps were taken to make hygiene
of world-wide importance, and place it
on a permanent foundation.
Pure food, pure water, and pure air
are doing wonders in the way of pro-
moting the health of the world to-day.
We must not tire of the good work, but
keep vigilant : for mankind is prone to
neglect the things that best prolong life.
And, as is the case in other matters per-
taining to human betterment, the devel-
opment of the higher intellectual or
Soul faculties will create in individual
man the disposition to seek to promote
the best conditions of health — not only
for himself and family, but for the en-
tire community.
134
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
ETHICS
The science of duty to our fellow man
— a particular system of principles and
rules concerning duty, rules of practice
in respect to human actions — is denom-
inated ethics.
Science must formulate a true sys-
tem of practical ethics calculated to de-
velop the higher faculties of the Soul.
It is the business of science to ascer-
tain the nature of the higher life, and
to teach man how to attain it. "The
strength and character of the people
make the strength and character of the
nation. Nations are gauged by their
principles of integrity and honor, by
their ethics, rather than by the strength
of their armies and navies. The nation
that best provides for the prosperity
and happiness of all its people is the
one that really stands in the front rank.
135
THE SOUL
The races that have acquired an ever-in-
creasing ascendency are those which
possessed the best ethical systems.' '
The ethical question resolves itself
into a search for the supreme object of
human endeavor — the absolute and es-
sential good. This is embodied in the
formula of the Golden Rule.
"We are all debtors to our fellow
men, and ought to endeavor to be a help
to them. It is the only way to attain
happiness, which is the true end and
purpose of man's existence on earth."
PSYCHOLOGY
This science, in its proper sense — as
the author has attempted to show fully
in the various chapters of this work — is
the study of the development of the
higher faculties of the Soul, not the
mere investigation and record of the
functions of the brain and mental phe-
136
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
nomena. It is, moreover, the basis for
movements in the direction of the gen-
eral elevation of mankind.
THEOLOGY
In using the term theology here, it is
not applied in its dogmatic sense. It is
the science of God — the science which
treats of the character and attributes of
God, His laws, and the duties we are to
practice in order to develop character
and attributes that will bring us into
close relation, and give us knowledge
and understanding of the true nature of
God. "Many speak of theology as a
science of religion instead of a science
of God, because they do not believe that
any knowledge of God may be attained. ' ■
Theology is ordered knowledge, repre-
senting in the Soul or intellect that
which religion represents in the mind
of man. Scientific theology reveals to
137
THE SOUL
man the truth of the following quota-
tions from the Bible, and gives him
power to understand them.
"And ye shall seek me, and find me,
when ye shall search for me with all
your Soul." "They that seek the Lord
understand all things." "Seek and ye
shall find. " " He that seeketh findeth. ' '
"Moses hid his face, for he was afraid
to look upon God." "Then went up
Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu,
and seventy of the elders of Israel. And
they saw God and did eat and drink."
"If there be a prophet among you, I, the
Lord, will make myself known unto him,
and with him I will speak mouth to
mouth, even apparently, and the simili-
tude of the Lord shall he behold. " "The
Lord talked with you face to face in
the mount." "The glory of the Lord
shall be revealed." Glory means the
138
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
presence of the Divine Being — the man-
ifestation of the divine nature. "The
earth shall be full of the knowledge of
God as the water covers the sea. " " Be-
hold, God exalteth by His power; who
teaches like Him."
When these sciences are taught, un-
derstood and practiced, a race of supe-
rior beings will be developed far above
man. The ultimate for man is to become
like God — to realize the ideal of the
Superman.
Gautama Buddah when he started on his mission said:
"I go to Benares to establish the kingdom of righteous-
ness, to furnish light to those enshrouded in darkness,
and to open the gate of immortality to men. Hence-
forth I live only to be the prophet of perfect truth. The
highest attainment, far above all others is, Universal
Charity, or Love."
139
Chapter XII.
TEACHING,
DEVELOPING THE SOUL FAC-
ULTIES
"Behold, God exalteth by his power who teacheth like
Him."
"Any teaching that does not reveal
the secret of power is not worthy the
name."
"Knowledge is power," therefore, the
secret lies in the attainment of knowl-
edge that has to do with transforming
ignorant human beings into educated
superhuman or superior beings. This
knowledge when acquired gives man-
kind power to transcend the ordinary
human life, and live a higher intellect-
ual or Spiritual life.
141
THE SOUL
The human mind cannot grasp the
higher knowledge, the intellectual or
Soul faculties must be developed before
it can be understood.
"The mind is but a point, and seems
to be shut up in the magic circle of its
own ideas, without any capacity of
breaking through the circle or appre-
hending any reality but itself. " — Des-
cartes.
"How may we become informed of
things too high for our own knowledge ?
We should strive to learn from the
great teachers, prophets, and poets, of
the human race, whose writings are
opened to us by education. "
"Especially should we learn how to
interpret and understand the Bible,
which the nations hold in such high
honor. " — Sir Oliver Lodge.
142
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Luther and the Westminster Assem-
bly formulated rules which if followed
will enable the " learned and unlearned
to attain a sufficient understanding of
them."
Luther said: "It is the attribute of
Holy Scripture that it interprets itself
by passages and places which belong to-
gether.' '
Westminster Confession of Faith,
Chapter I, Article 9: "The infallible
rule of interpretation of Scripture is
the Scripture itself; and therefore,
when there is a question about the true
and full sense of any Scripture, it may
be searched and known by other places
that speak more clearly on the subject."
"Knowing this first, that no prophecy
of Scripture is of any private interpre-
tation." These rules, if applied, will
143
THE SOUL
enable any one to understand the true
teachings of the Scriptures.
" Every thinking man realizes thalt
the teachings of the Bible are so inter-
woven with our whole civic and social
life that it would be literally impossible
for us to figure what that life would be
if those teachings were removed. We
would lose almost all the standards by
which we judge both private and public
morals." — Theodore Roosevelt.
"Time destroys the worthless and
saves the good. The Bible has stood the
test of time. It contains the essence of
practical wisdom for every relation of
life. There are many people of intelli-
gence who regard this book with indif-
ference. They would not do so after
giving it careful study and thought. We
find no books of worth that do not bear
unquestioned evidence of the writer's
144
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
knowledge of the Bible. Shakespeare,
the greatest writer the race has pro-
duced, shows in his work marvelous fa-
miliarity with the book. Character is
more to be desired than wealth, influ-
ence, position, fame, or any other at-
tainment within the reach of man. When
we read this book with the purpose of
transmitting its truths into character it
is invaluable." — Eugene Hale.
The wireless message which came
from Admiral Evans, is almost literally
from the Bible. Job says : i ' Canst thou
say to the lightning, Here we are?"
But the miracle of this Admiral's speak-
ing to us is unutterably strange and
means a lot more than the message to
me. It means that we are going to find
out something more pretty soon — may-
be the visible God, as Moses saw Him
in the burning bush. ' ' — Joaquin Miller.
145
THE SOUL
" Where there is no vision, the people
perish."
The development of the intellectual or
Soul faculties is accomplished by per-
suading the mind, by showing the reason
and advantage of the proposed step for-
ward, and inducing it to act through the
will.
The will is plainly that by which the
mind chooses anything, and is the one
supreme faculty of the mind, the faculty
of faculties.
The faculty which distinguishes good
from evil is the first intellectual or Soul
faculty: It is indeed a high and re-
markable faculty, "And the Lord God
said, Behold, the man is become as one
of us, to know good and evil."
Good and evil in the last analysis will
be found to lie in certain dispositions of
the will, How may this be determined?
146
ITS ORGAN AND DEVELOPMENT
By "analytic insight" the dynamic
power of the will. This insight arises
out of concentration of the power of all
the faculties "upon the subject in hand,
marshalling together all the facts and
opinions attainable upon it, and dwell-
ing on these, and scrutinizing and com-
paring them until a light flashes on the
whole subject. "By the power of ' an-
alytic insight' man can begin the devel-
opment of new anatomical bases in the
superhuman brain in which the intel-
lectual faculties are to be located. These
bases can only be developed by the dyna-
mic power of the will, which alone has
power to change cells and fibers in the
superior brain. ' ' " The organ last devel-
oped performs the highest functions."
There is no exception to this rule.
While the intellectual faculties are be-
ing developed, the will increases in
147
THE SOUL
power until the human will is incorpor-
ated and lost in the Divine Will. "For
so is the will of God ; that with well do-
ing ye may put to silence the ignorance
of foolish men." "For I am come, not
to do mine own will, but the will of
Him that sent me."
Study the Scriptures diligently, apply
the rules, submit every question of
doubt to analytic insight, develop the
dormant faculties within, and all the
mysteries of the higher life shall be re-
vealed unto you.
"And the Spirit of the Lord God
shall rest upon thee, the Spirit of
knowledge, wisdom and understanding
and thou shall be turned into another
man." — (Superman).
148
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