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FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
PUBLICATION 231
BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. IV, No. 4
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
Assistant Curator, Taxonomy
also
new Euphorbias by C. F. Millspaugh and Canavalias by C. V. Piper
THE LIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY Of 1UINO>S
15. E. DAHI.GREN
Acting Curator, Department of Botany
EDITOR
S NATURAL
HISTORY
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
June 29, 1925
Dup.
U. of C,
Oh.
.
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
H
PUBLICATION 231
BOTANICAL SERIES VOL. IV, No. 4
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
Assistant Curator, Taxonomy
also
new Euphorbias by C. F. Millspaugh and Canavalias by C. V. Piper
THE LIBRARY OF THE
JUL2419 / !3
UNIVERSITY OF UIWO'S
B. E. DAHLGREN
Acting Curator, Department of Botany
EDITOR
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
June 29, 1925
|=>i
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS
mostly from the
CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD EXPEDITION TO PERU
1922 AND 1923
BY
J. FRANCIS MACBRIDE
also
new Euphorbias by C. F. Millspaugh and Canavalias by C. V. Piper
This is the first Museum publication based upon the collections of
the two Captain Marshall Field Botanical Expeditions but many im-
portant papers on them have been presented elsewhere by specialists
who have studied a number of the larger groups. The results of their
work have disclosed an amazing number of herbs and trees hitherto
unknown to science, indicating the great opportunity for further botan-
ical exploration in Peru. The 1924 Annual Report of the Director of
this institution lists the botanists who have assumed responsibility for
certain groups and the Reports for 1922 and 1923 give the itineraries
for both trips. However, a complete list of the collecting stations has
not been published, and therefore one is appended.
As a traveler and collector in Peru, one becomes largely dependent
for comfort and aid on the good-will of the inhabitants. The work is
constantly complicated by problems concerning transportation and food
both for men and cargo animals. Indeed, the extent and seriousness of
these problems in their relation to botanical collecting can scarcely be
believed until experienced. Therefore, such success as attended the two
Captain Marshall Field Expeditions was largely due to the generous
personal interest taken in our work by many residents and natives of
Peru. It was possible to mention only a few of these in the Reports
referred to above and accordingly I wish to express here my grateful
appreciation to all those who aided us so materially.
I am indebted to Dr. B. E. Dahlgren for many helpful suggestions
in the preparation of the paper.
79
8o FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
COLLECTING LOCALITIES IN PERU FOR THE CAPTAIN MARSHALL FIELD
BOTANICAL EXPEDITIONS, 1922 and 1923
DEPARTMENT OF ANCASH
Catuc (near Huaraz)
Chacchan
Huarapasca (E. Ancash)
Huaraz
Pomopampa (E. Ancash)
Recuay
Tambo de Pariocota
Yautan
DEPARTMENT OF HUANUCO
Ambo
Cani (near Mito)
Chaglla
Chasqui (near Mito)
Chavanillo
Chinchapalca (near Mito)
Cueva Grande (near Pozuzo)
Cushi
Huacachi (near Mufia)
Huanuco
Llata
Maria Del Valle
Mito
Mufia
Pampayacu (Rio Chinchao)
Panao
Piedra Grande (near Mufia)
Playapampa (S.E. Huanuco)
Pozuzo
Punco
Rio Huallaga Canon (below Mufia)
Rio Maranon (below Chavanillo)
San Carlos Mines (near Huallanca)
Tambillo (near Panao)
Tambo de Vaca
Tomaiquichua
Villcabamba (Rio Chinchao)
Yanahuanca
Yanano
Yanashallas (W. Huanuco)
DEPARTMENT OF JUNIN
CabeUo (N. Junin)
Cerro de Pasco
Chinche (near Yanahuanca)
Huacapistana
Huancayo
Huariaca
Huaron (N. Junin)
Huertas (N. Junin)
La Merced
La Oroya
La Quinua
Morococha
San Jos6 (N. Junin)
San Rafael
Tarma
Uspachaca
Yauli
DEPARTMENT OF LIMA
Callao
Casapalca
Chosica
Lima
Matucana
Rio Blanco
Viso
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE 81
Hesperomeles Fieldii, spec, nov., arbor usque ad 3.5 m. alta, inermis;
ramulis foliisque glabris; internodiis 0.5-1 cm. longis; foliorum petiolo
3-10 mm. longo, lamina coriaceo-chartacea elliptica vel obovata 2 (1.5)
-4 (4.5) cm. longa 1.5 (i)-2.5 (3) cm. lata basi subabrupte acuta vel in
petiolum leviter contracta apice rotundata vel fere truncata subtus ut
videtur pallidiore supra nitente margine a medio ad apicem minute
crenato-dentata, venulis inconspicuis, costa media mediocriter prom-
inente; inflorescentiis cymoso-corymbosis fere glabris laxiusculis folios
distincte superantibus ; pedicellis bracteisque (linearibus) glabris vel
parce villosculis; calycis lobis late ovatis acutis vix i mm. longis quam
receptacula distincte brevioribus; floribus ut videtur albis 5-7 mm.
latis, petalis denticulatis glabris, disco villoso; fructibus ignotis.
PERU: 10 ft. much branched tree of steep open slopes, Yanano, May 13-
16, 1923, Macbride 3752 (TYPE, Field Museum).
This attractive flowering tree resembling considerably our common
Hawthorn is named for Capt. Marshall Field, sponsor of the expedi-
tion upon which it was secured.
Both Schneider, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xlii. 85-88 (1908), and Pittier,
Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xx. 106-111 (1918), proposing new species of
this rosaceous group, comment upon our meager and inexact knowledge
of many of the earlier described forms. A most cursory examination of
the literature relating to the group will confirm their observation as
will also any attempt, however superficial, to determine herbarium ma-
terial. Notwithstanding this difficulty, however, it seems necessary to
propose the tree described above as a new species because of its large
and quite glabrous leaves and its singularly short and broad calyx-lobes.
The validity of Hesperomeles Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxiii. sub. t. 1956
(1837), has often been questioned. Bentham and Hooker, Gen. PL i.
629 (1865), wrote "ab Osteomele nullo modo differt, nisi foliis simplici-
bus" and so merged it with the earlier published genus Osteomeles Lindl.
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 98. t. 8 (1821). In this they were followed by
Decaisne in his M&noir sur la famille des Pomace'es, Nouv. Archives du
Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris, x. 184 (1874). And recently Pittier, I.e., with-
out comment, has also accepted its reduction.
Schneider, I.e., however, maintained the genus although he ad-
vanced no newly discovered character. Evidently it can be distinguished
in the herbarium from Osteomeles only by the simple leaves and, as
Decaisne points out, this character, in the Rosaceae, may not be of much
importance. But it is doubtful if he knew the peculiar habit of 0. anthyl-
lidifolia (Sm.) Lindl. the single typical (and original) species. It is
thus described by Rock, Indig. Trees Hawaii. Isl. 46 (1913): "a rosa-
ceous vine of great toughness forms dense tangles over thrown up fis-
sures in pahoehoe lava. During the morning sunshine thousands of
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
Odynerus (Hawaiian wasps) and bees can be found flying over the sweet-
scented flowers " The Hawaiian Osteomeles, therefore, appears
to be altogether distinctive in habit, and, because of its pinnate leaves,
also in aspect from the simple-leaved trees and shrubs of the Andes
that have been considered congeneric. Consequently Schneider's res-
toration of the generic name Hesperomeles for the latter is advisable.
HESPEROMELES PERNETTYOIDES Wedd. Chlor. And. ii. 230 (1857).
PERU: 4 ft. and less high, Yanahuanca, June 16-22, 1922, Macbride
& Feather stone 1286; dryish canyon slope, Chinchapalca, pueblo 5 miles
above Mito, July 16-27, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 1590; low (2-3
ft.) shrub of grasslands and dry canyons, Mito, July 8-22, 1922, Mac-
bride & Feather stone 1507; ditch bank, to 14 ft., branches spreading,
virgate, Tomaiquichua, pueblo 3 miles below Ambo, Sept. 19, 1922,
Macbride & Featherstone 2418.
The petals of this species are white although the anthers are red.
Number 2418 was collected as a luxuriant example of this common
plant, its greater size and vigor being ascribed to the proximity of an
irrigation ditch. Very probably this shrub met with so frequently in
the central Peruvian Andes and known to the Indians as "Muchci"
is variable enough in habit and in degree of leaf-dentation to include
the subdecumbent form described under the name H. cuneata Lindl.
Bot. Reg. xxiii. sub. t. 1956 (1837). However, as observed by Schneider,
I.e. 87, the problem ought to await further field and herbarium study.
HESPEROMELES OBLONGA Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxiii. sub. t. 1956 (1837).
PERU: rocky eastern canyon side, to 3 ft. high, Llata, Aug. 21, 1922,
Macbride & Featherstone 2267.
This shrub, curiously enough not mentioned by Decaisne in his re-
vision, I.e., can scarcely be the same as H. ferruginea (Pers.) Bent'h. as
suggested by Schneider, I.e. 86. Its leaves are not at all cordate but
truly oblong (4-6 cm. long by 2-2.5 cm - broad), and abruptly rounded
to the subacute base and apex.
Psoralea maleolens, spec, nov., fruticosa circa 1.5 m. alta; ramis
ramulisque plerumque glabris sed glanduliferis, glandulis sessilibus; ra-
mulis in siccitate saepe purpurascentibus subherbaceis gracillimis pa-
tenti-adscendentibus et flexuosis vel curvatis glabris vel parti superiori
minute et parce adpresse nigro-strigillosis ; foliis nigro-punctatis viridi-
bus subtus paullo pallidioribus ; stipulis ovatis striatis glandulosis et
nigro-ciliatis circa 3 mm. longis; petiolo 1.5-2.5 cm. longo glabro vel
paullo adpresse strigilloso; foliolis subsessilibus lanceolatis vel ovato-
lanceolatis basi apiceque subacutis vel apice abrupte apiculatis circa
3. 5 cm. longis et 1.2 cm. latis (2.5-5.5 cm - X 1-1.5 cm -} glabris, petiolatis
vulgo hirsuto-villosis ; spicis densis vel fructiferis solum mediocriter re-
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE. 83
motifloris circa 4 cm. longis dense nigro-villosis, pedunculis plerumque
2.5-4 cm - longis glabris vel paullo adpresse strigillosis; floribus saepe
plus minusve f asciculatis ; bracteis ovato- vel rotundato-acutis circa
2 mm. longis; calycibus mediocriter glandulosis et villosis cum pilis
subpatentibus, tubo fere 3 mm. longo; laciniis circa 2 mm. longis superi-
oribus anguste ovatis inferioribus ovatis profunde dentatis ; corolla 6 vel
7 mm. longa purpurea. PERU: Mito, July 8-22, 1922, Macbride &
Featherstone 1376 (TYPE, Field Museum); open brushy canyon side,
15 miles N.E. of Huanuco, June 12-22, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone
2146; sunny grassy slopes, Panao, May 10, 1923, Macbride 4946.
This species apparently is most nearly related to P. mexicana (L.f.)
Vail, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxi. 119 (1894), to which Colombian plant,
however, it can scarcely be referred. It lacks entirely the spreading
coarse pubescence that thickly clothes the branchlets and, to some ex-
tent, the leaves of P. mexicana; and its leaves are narrower and its stems
slenderer. Whatever pubescence is present is a subappressed strigil-
losity very different in character from that of P. mexicana, and there-
fore not to be regarded as the same reduced in quantity.
P. maleolens in pubescence and leaf-form suggests P. glandulosa L.
Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1075 ( I ?63), but lacks the elevated glands and large pale
flowers of that Chilean species. P. lutea Molina, Sagg. Chile, 163 (1782)
anded. 2. 145, 293 (1810) credited by Poiret, Lam. Encyc. v. 685 (1804)
to Peru or Chili is almost surely a mere color variation or freak of
P. glandulosa as indicated by Gay, Hist. Chile, ii. 87 (1846) and by
Reiche, Fl. Chile, ii. 76 (1897) since Molina himself in the second edi-
tion of his work, I.e., added to his previous descriptive account of it
(and I think significantly) the following sentence: "lo non vidi che
due o tre piante de questa specie, o piuttosto varieta", and moreover
omitted it entirely from his chapter of botanical diagnoses.
My field notes record P. maleolens as a 4-5 ft. half-shrub or shrub
rather open in habit, with a very disagreeable odor, even more unpleas-
ant than that of P. lasiostachys Vog. Nov. Act. xix. Suppl. i. 13 (1843)
to which species Macbride & Featherstone 1375, found growing near by,
seems referable. The Indians called any species of this alliance "Culin"
or "Coling" but distinguished their medicinal properties, using, for in-
stance, P. lasiostachys under the name "Coling Macho" only for an ail-
ment of the stomach and P. maleolens, under the name "Coling Imbra"
as a substitute for tea as well as a remedy for disorders of the stomach.
PSORALEA MARGINATA Meyen, Reise, i. 436 (1834). PERU: moist
flats, Tomaiquichua, pueblo 3 miles below Ambo, Sept. 19, 1922, Mac-
bride & Featherstone 2436; sunny canyon slope, Yanano, May 13-16,
1923, Macbride 3736.
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
This 3-4 ft. shrub or small tree with a crown of short branchlets and
blue or purple flowers appears from description to be the same as
Meyen's plant secured by him on the Rio de Arica in extreme southern
Peru.
PSORALEA PUBESCENS Pers. Syn. PI. ii. 347 (1807). PERU: moist
soils of Santa Eulalia river- valley, Chosica, April 28-May 2, 1922,
Macbride & Featherstone 500.
This is a shrub only about three feet high, the stems strict to the
inflorescence and growing in clumps, the flowers blue and the upper
portions of the stems very white-villous. It is either the same as Per-
soon's plant very meagerly described or a new species.
Psoralea munyensis, spec, nov., fruticosa erecta fere 2 m. alta; ra-
mulis petiolis pedunculisque gracilis plus minusve griseis vel nigro-
griseis cum pilis brevibus crispis vel firmiusculis patentibus; stipulis
anguste lanceolatis acuminatis circa 5 mm. longis adpresse pilosis; petio-
lo communi (2) 3.5-5.5 cm. longo; foliolis ovato-lanceolatis basi vix
acutis apice mediocriter abrupte acuminatis plerumque 2-3 cm. latis
5-8 cm. longis paullo vel vix glandulo-punctatis supra viridibus glabris
vel costa venisque obscure strigillosis subtus paullo pallidioribus sub-
adpresse pilosciusculis vel denique subglabris, juvenate sericeo-pilosis ;
racemis elongatis mediocriter compactis vel basi plus minusve inter-
ruptis circa 7 cm. longis folio 2-3 -plo longioribus; pedunculis 6-9 cm.
longis; pedicellis 1-2 mm. longis nigro-strigosis ; bracteis ovatis abrupte
longo-acuminatis 6-7 mm. longis; calycis haud vel obscure glandulosis
dense subadpresse villosis cum pilis nigris et albis intermixtis ; tubo circa
2 mm. longo; laciniis lineari-lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis acuminatis
circa 2 mm. longis; calycis fructiferi laciniis similibus sed 3 vel fere
4 mm. longis; corolla ut videtur purpurea 4-5 mm. longa; legumina
obliqua circa 5 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata subglabra abrupte apiculata.
PERU: slender shrub (5 ft.) at edge of montafia along trail, Mufia, May
23-June 4, 1923, Macbride 3906 (TYPE, Field Museum).
P. munyensis is distinctive among the pubescent-leaved species with
elongate flowering stalks because of its very small flowers. Its leaves
may become nearly glabrous with age but among the glabrous-leaved
species it can be compared only with P. yurensis Rusby, Bull. N. Y.
Bot. Gard. vi. 511 (1910), which, however, is described as having very
small (2 mm. long) stipules, longer corollas and an ovoid acuminate pod.
Psoralea Featherstonei, spec, nov., fruticosa circa 2 m. alta; ramis
brunneis mediocriter robustis simplicibus; ramulis petiolis pedunculis-
que molliter cum pilis patentibus pilosis etiam adpresse nigro-strigillosis ;
stipulis a basi deltoidea acutis 2-3 mm. longis dense adpresse strigosis;
petiolo communi vulgo 4 cm. longo; foliolis breve petiolatis (circa
3 mm. longis) oblongo-lanceolatis basi apiceque subacutis vel obtusis
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE. 85
plerumque circa 6 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis aequabiliter utrinque pallido-
viridibus glabris vel costa media paullulo strigillosa, brunneo-glandulo-
punctatis; pedunculis 9-12 cm. longis saepe cum 2 flores in medio parti;
racemis congestis circa 4.5 cm. longis et 2 cm. latis; floribus subsessilis
purpureis circa i cm. longis; calycibus molliter cum pilis nigris et albis
adpressis intermixtis pilosis circa 6 mm. longis; laciniis ovatis vix acutis
circa i mm. longis; bracteis rotundis abrupte acutis circa 5 mm. longis.
PERU: steep shrubby western slope, Matucana, April i2-May 3, 1922,
Macbride & Feather stone 406 (TYPE, Field Museum).
This beautiful shrub with virgate branches and purple-blue flowers
probably is most nearly related to P. pubescens from which it may be
distinguished readily by its oblongish blunt leaves that are essentially
glabrous.
Psoralea potens, spec, nov., fruticosa robusta foetida 2 m. alta; caul-
ibus aliquot ad basim 7.5 cm. in diametro; ramulis petiolis pedunculis-
que plus minusve cum pilis nigris et albis pulverulo-puberulis et crispe
strigillosis etiam sparce glandulosis cum glandulis paullulo elevatis ; stip-
ulis late ovatis acutis vel breve acuminatis 2-3 mm. longis; petiolo
communi 4-5 cm. longo; foliolis anguste ovato-lanceolatis basi subacutis
apice breve acuminatis 5-6 cm. longis 1.5-2 cm. latis aequabiliter utrin-
que pallido-viridibus glabris excepto costa media adpresse strigillosa,
dense nigro-glandulo-punctatis ; pedunculis elongatis plus minusve ni-
grescentibus 9-14 cm. longis; racemis mediocriter densis vel parti infe-
riori remotifloris ; calyce circa 8 mm. longo dense cum pilis nigris et albis
et cum glandulis stipitatis intermixtis villoso-hirsuto ; laciniis ovatis acutis
non superante 2 mm. longis; floribus ut videtur purpureis circa i cm.
longis. PERU: several-stemmed clumps on southwest slope, Tarma,
June 1-6, 1922, Macbride & Feather stone 1022 (TYPE, Field Museum).
P. potens, the name given in reference to the strong vile odor of the
plant, and the other species described or discussed above may be sum-
marized as follows. All the species ascribed to Peru are included in the
key with the exception of P. divaricata Willd. Enum. ii. 788 (1809),
which is only doubtfully referred to this genus by HBK. Nov. Gen. &
Sp. vi. 489 (1823) who describe the corolla as two times longer than
the calyx.
KEY TO THE PSORALIAS OF PERU
Branches and branchlets glabrous or sparsely appressed strigillose.
Flowers 8-10 mm. long; glands more or less elevated.
Calyx sparsely appressed strigose P. glandulosa.
Calyx densely villous and glandular P. potens.
Flowers 6-7 mm. long; glands sessile P. maleolens.
Branches and branchlets villous, pilose or gray-puberulent.
Pubescence of branchlets spreading, villous-hirsute ; flowers
small, about 6 mm. long P. mexicana.
Pubescence of branchlets various, if spreading, not at all
hirsute; flowers often longer.
Leaflets strongly pubescent beneath, at least on the
veins.
86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
Spikes subequaling or shorter than the leaves.
Very dense; flowers about 6 mm. long. . .P. marginata.
More or less interrupted; flowers larger. .P. pubescens.
Spikes or racemes much exceeding the leaves.
Leaflets tomentose beneath P. Trianae.
Leaflets not tomentose beneath.
More or less appressed silky; flow-
ers about 6 mm. long P. munyensis.
More or less hirsute- villous ; flowers
longer P. pubescens,
Leaflets glabrous or essentially so.
Calyx glands sessile, more or less hidden by
pubescence.
Spikes much exceeding the leaves.
Branchlets "viscid-pubescent" P. lasiostachys.
Branchlets "gray-puberulent or
white-pilose" P. yurensis.
Spikes little, if any, longer than the leaves P. Featherstonei.
Calyx glands stipitate, conspicuous.
Branchlets densely villous P. lasiostachys.
Branchlets closely pubescent with a fine
appressed indument P. potens.
In Contrib. Gray Herb. Ixv. 14 (1922) I questioned the expediency
of segregating the genus Psoralea as proposed by Rydberg, N. A. Fl.
xxiv. (1919). I am still unsatisfied that the salient characters upon
which he bases his segregation, viz., the adherency or inadherency of
the pericarp to the seed and the indehiscence or ultimate dehiscence of
the pod are here of sufficient significance to warrant their use for the
delimitation of various genera. These characters seem not to be devel-
oped to an equal state of definiteness when all the species are consid-
ered but, as a matter of fact, many forms are as yet very imperfectly
known. For the present, then, it seems to me, with due recognition
of Dr. Rydberg's sincerity and with appreciation of his conception of
genera, that the continued acceptance of Psoralea in the larger sense
is most natural and feasible.
Parosela ayavacensis (HBK.) comb. nov. Dalea ayavacensis HBK.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. 486 (1823). PERU: Dept. Ayacucho, Weberbauer
5570; Tambillo, near Panao, Macbride 3576; Tomaiquichua, near Ambo,
Macbride & Featherstone 2427; 15 miles s.e. of Huanuco, Macbride &
Featherstone 2085.
This is an open-growing shrub, usually 4 or 5 feet high, of stream
banks or sunny thickets. The flowers are bright or deep blue with two
greenish spots on the center of the banner.
TEPHROSIA TOXICARIA (Sw.) Pers. Syn. PI. ii. 329 (1807). PERU:
La Merced, Hacienda Schunke, Aug. 2y-Sept. i, 1923, Macbride 5661.
Although Weberbauer* does not list this widely distributed species,
*The use of Dr. Weberbauer's name here as elsewhere in this paper refers to his
excellent Die Pflanzenwelt der Peruanischen Anden, Die Veg. der Erde, XII. (1911).
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE. 87
I found it well known to the Indians in the vicinity of La Merced who
use it to stupify fish. The flowers have been described as "whitish"
or "pale yellow" but those of the specimen cited above were white
except for the banner which was green without and white-edged.
Tephrosia diversifolia (Rose) comb. nov. Cracca diversifolia Rose,
Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xii. 270 (1909).
Tephrosia cuernavacana (Rose) comb. nov. Cracca cuernavacana
Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xii. 269 (1909).
Tephrosia Pringlei (Rose) comb. nov. Cracca Pringlei Rose, Bot.
Gaz. xl. 143 (1905).
Tephrosia Watsoniana (Standl.) comb, nov, Cracca Watsoniana
Standl. Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb, xxiii. 472 (1922). Clitoria(T) sericea
S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. 407 (1887), not Tephrosia sericea Baker,
in Oliver, Fl. Trop. Afr. ii. 107 (1871), a valid species.
TEPHROSIA LANATA Mart. & Gal., var. velutina (Rydb.) comb. nov.
Cracca velutina Rydb. N. A. Fl. xxiv. 171 (1923). MEXICO: Zopelote,
Tepic, 1895, F. H. Lamb 575.
This is probably a fairly well-marked variety by virtue of its some-
what denser and shorter pubescence and mostly oblongish leaflets. The
other differences noted by Rydberg, I.e., notably the larger flowers and
the merely terminal racemes, are not apparent or pronounced in the
specimen before me.
APURIMACIA MICHELII (Rusby) Harms, Rep. Spec. Nov. xix. 10
(1923). Gliricidia Michelii Rusby, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, vi. 22 (1896).
PERU: In rocks along river. Woody below; long stems (4 ft.) rather
"viny". Flowers dull bluish, the bases green. Huariaca, Sept. 13,
1922, Macbride & Feather stone 2403; open shrub to 5 ft. high. River
canyon, Uspachaca, June 23, 1922, Macbride & Feather stone 1293; open
shrub-tree about 4 ft. high, river canyon slopes, April 4, 1923, San
Rafael, Macbride 3137.
These specimens seem to confirm Harms' observation in respect to
A. Michelii, A. libertatis Harms, A. incarum Harms, I.e. n, and A. lon-
chocarpoides Harms, I.e. 12, that "Die vier Arten stehen sich sehr nahe
und sind vielleicht spater in eine zusammenzufassen". However, the
only authentic material of Harms' species before me is Weberbauer 7172,
A. incarum. The Field Museum specimens are all from the Depart-
ment of Junin and are in fruit, except for Macbride & Feather stone 2403,
which closely matches the co-type material of A. Michelii. The two
fruiting specimens appear to be similar; the ripe pods are glabrous or
88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
minutely and sparsely appressed hispidulous, ligneous, about 6 cm. long
and 13 mm. wide, the impressions about the seeds obscure without but
with some cellular tissue partly dividing them within; the seeds are
red-brown, suborbicular, flat, nearly 0.7 mm. across.
The genus Apurimacia Harms, I.e. 10, is apparently valid with much
the aspect of Coursetia but with more of the characters of Willardia.
From the latter it differs chiefly in its ligneous pods.
Coursetia perplexans, nom. nov. Cracca poliophylla Harms, Rep.
Spec. Nov. xviii. 236 (1922), not Coursetia polyphylla Brandg. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. iv. 376 (1913). PERU: between Amoray and Sanaica,
Dept. Apurimac, Oct. 1915, Weberbauer 7173; Huanuco, Sept. 23, 1922,
Macbride & Featherstone 2449; Huanuco, April 5-8, 1923, Macbride 3248.
The generic position of this plant is undoubtedly open to question
because of the presence of a bractlet a short distance beneath the calyx.
This seems to be a character heretofore unnoted for any member of
the subtribe Robinianae, at least as defined by Rydberg in his recent
helpful revision of the North American Galegeae, Am. Journ. Bot. x.
485-498 (1923) and xi. 470-482 (1924). Nevertheless, the plant's dis-
position in the Robinianae is scarcely subject to argument. It cannot
be referred, however, to Benthamaniha (Cracca Benth.), as done by
Harms, I.e., because its pods are not those of that genus. They are
rather the pods of the closely related genus Coursetia, as they are not
definitely nor strongly impressed between the seeds and the slight con-
strictions run obliquely to the pod-edges rather than at right angles as
do the conspicuous ones that typify the pods of Benthamantha. Fur-
thermore, the species is allied by habit and aspect to Coursetia. Although
the presence or absence of a bractlet is used by Rydberg as one of the
means of defining certain subtribes, it is certainly not significant in this
case where the plant, notwithstanding this development, is so genuinely
a member of the Robinianian genus Coursetia.
Indeed, it seems to be most closely related to the type of the genus,
Lathyrus fruticosus Cav. Ic. i. 58. pi. 84 (1791)* from which it differs
essentially only in the fewer leaflets (6-15) instead of about thirty. The
material from Huanuco, especially, agrees almost exactly with Cavan-
illes' description, except for this discrepancy. It is not probable, how-
ever, that our plant is the same species since the difference in leaflet
number is too great to be accounted for as a variation. I am, there-
*Coursetia fruticosa (Cav.) comb. nov. Lathyrus fruticosus Cav. Ic. i. 58. pi. 84
(1791) [by error, Astragalus fruticosus in Rydberg's paper, Am. Journ. Bot. xi. 476
(1924)]; Vicia fruticosa Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1102 (1800); Orobus tomenlosus Desf. Cat.
Hort. Par. ed. i. 195 (1804); Orobus fruticosus Pers. Syn. PI. ii. 304 (1807); Coursetia
tomentosa DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. iv. 92 (1825).
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE. 89
fore, transferring Harms' species from Cracca Benth. and, as his spe-
cific name "poliophylla" is, to all intents and purposes, preoccupied in
the genus Coursetia by the valid C. polyphylla Brandg., I.e., I am re-
naming the plant C. perplexans. The work of Dr. Harms and Dr. Web-
erbauer has already received recognition in the names Coursetia Harmsii
Ulbrich and C. Weberbaueri Harms.
In this connection the use of Benthamantha for Cracca Benth. may
be considered. Botanists who follow the International Rules of Botani-
cal Nomenclature (Vienna Congress 1905) have accepted, of course, the
generic name Tephrosia Pers. Syn. PI. ii. 328 (1807) for Cracca L. Sp.
PI. 752 (1753) and have therefore continued the use of Cracca Benth.
ex Oersted in Kj0benhavn Vidensk. Meddel. 8 (1853) for the small
group of plants known by others as Benthamantha Alef. Bonplandia,
1862. 264 (1862). The use of Cracca Benth. under any circumstances
is not correct, even under the International Rules with the consequent
substitution of Tephrosia Pers. for Cracca L., because Art. 50 (Int.
Rules) states that unless an earlier homonym (in this case, Cracca L.)
is "universally regarded as non-valid" the later name is not to be
changed. Now Cracca L. is used by all those who do not work under
the International Rules and new species are continuously being pro-
posed as "Craccas" with no particular indication on the part of their
authors to which Cracca they belong. Surely, Cracca L. is far from
"universally regarded as non-valid." Furthermore, the maintenance of
Cracca Benth., even by those who substitute Tephrosia for Cracca L.,
creates "a permanent source of confusion or error" (cf. Int. Rules, Art.
51.4) and therefore is to be rejected. The confusion is augmented by
the general similarity of Cracca L. and Cracca Benth., technically dis-
tinct. For instance, Harms, I.e., in publishing Cracca poliophylla has
made no direct indication whether he is proposing a new Tephrosia
(Cracca L.) or a new Cracca Benth. so that the bibliographer (as wit-
ness the Gray Herbarium Card Index of New Genera and Species) can
cite the name merely as "Cracca". The unreasonableness of maintain-
ing Cracca Benth. so long as Cracca L. is in active use by a considerable
number of botanists is further emphasized by Harms himself in desig-
nating Cracca heterantha (Griseb.) Harms, I.e., although this combina-
tion has been made previously by Kuntze, Rev. Gen. i. 175 (1891).
Harms justifies his action on the ground that Kuntze made the
transfer to Cracca L. (Tephrosia} rather than to Cracca Benth.
However, when we know more about the South American Course-
tias, it may be possible to include the Benthamanthas or Craccas Benth.
under one name which would be Coursetia DC., as it is the earliest.
90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
The only character, all species considered, that distinguishes Bentha-
mantha is found in the constrictions of the pod (cf. discussion above
under C. perplexans) and this character is merely relative. The dif-
ference in seeds noted by Rydberg, N. A. Fl. xxiv. 220 (1924) doubt-
fully holds for the Peruvian species.
COURSETIA HARMSII Ulbrich, Rep. Spec. Nov. ii. 12 (1906). PERU:
In shrubs, gravelly valley. Flowers pink-white. Tambo de Pariocota,
Oct. 8, 1922, Macbride & Feather stone 2547.
This represents another collection from near the type locality, De-
partment of Ancash. The pods are not quite mature but the largest
is 6.5 cm. long and 4 mm. wide, rather abruptly apiculate, glabrous
and thin (for the genus). Mature fruits showing the seed characters
are greatly to be desired as they may make necessary a change in the
present concept of the genus.
NISSOLIA FRUTICOSA Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 27 (1760). PERU:
Sandy valley floor, La Merced, Macbride 5434.
This plant is a vine with yellow flowers that fade reddish. It is not
mentioned by Weberbauer.
Machaerium Schunkei, spec, nov., arbor circa 4 m. alta; ramulis
glabris; internodiis 2-3 cm. longis; stipulis demum indurato-spinescenti-
bus, circa 9 mm. longis; petiolo communi 9-10 cm. longo fusco-pubes-
cente; foliolis brevissime petiolulatis vulgo 17-23 late oblongis plerisque
2 cm. longis i cm. latis basi rotundatis apice retusis; lamina foliorum
super opaca plus minusve discolori utrinque parce subadpresse pubes-
cente, pube laxa, venulis obscure reticulatis non conspicuis, costa media
prominente; panicula ampla laxa rufo-villosa, floribus pedicellatis, brac-
teolis calycem brevibus, legumine glabro circa 6.5 cm. longo stipite
5-8 mm. longo incluso ad partem basilarem seminiferam i cm. lato;
mediocriter contract ; ala chartacea supra medium circa 1.5 cm. lata.
PERU: Sandy valley floor, La Merced, Aug. 10-24, 1924, Macbride
5432 (TYPE, Field Museum).
Apparently this species, a member of the section Lineata, is most
closely related to the Brazilian M. amplum Benth. as denned in Journ.
Linn. Soc. iv. 55 (1860). It differs especially in the more numerous
and retuse pubescent leaflets and in the .definitely pubescent inflores-
cence, even in fruit.
M. Schunkei is only the third species known from Peru. The others
are M. floribundum Benth., I.e. 68, belonging to the section Penninervia,
and M. angustifolium Vog. Linnaea, xi. 193 (1837). From the latter,
also a member of the section Lineata, M. Schunkei differs in the fewer
larger and laxly pubescent leaflets. No Machaerium is listed by Web-
erbauer.
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE. 91
This is a small 1 2-foot tree, the trunk and branches sparsely spiny.
The pods are not quite mature. It is named for Mr. Carlos 0. Schunke
of La Merced, a naturalist who is well known to many entomologists
and to growers of orchids and other tropical plants. He was my gen-
erous and helpful host for two weeks.
Machaerium Pittieri, nom. nov. M. latifolium (Benth.) Pittier, Con-
trib. U. S. Nat. Herb. xx. 470 (1922), not M. latifolium Rusby, Bull.
N. Y. Bot. Gard. vi. 513 (1910).
This middle American species described by Pittier must be renamed
because of the previous use of the word "latifolium" for a Machaerium
of Bolivia.
ABRUS PRECATORIUS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, ii. 472 (1767). PERU: La
Merced, Macbride 5365.
Curiously enough this widely distributed tropical vine with well-
known bright red and black seeds appears not to have been recorded
from Peru.
CENTROSEMA SAGITTATUM (Humb. & Bonpl.) Brandg. ex Riley, Kew
Bull. 1923. 344 (1923). PERU: On herbs and low shrubs in shade, La
Merced, Macbride 5392.
Riley, I.e., credits the transfer of this species (from Glycine to Cen-
trosema} to Brandegee in Zoe, v. 202 (1905). According to the Inter-
national Rules, however, which Riley in his use of the conserved generic
name Centrosema evidently purports to follow, the transfer was not
made there, for the citation is merely "incidental reference" and is not
accompanied by "reference to a former description." The species is
not mentioned by Weberbauer.
Rhynchosia apoloensis (Rusby) comb. nov. Dolicholus apoloensis
Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. vi. 515 (1910). PERU: In hedgerows on
sandy flats. Flowers yellowish. La Merced, Aug. 10-24, 1923, Mac-
bride 5307. BOLIVIA: Milluguaya in Nord-Yungas, Dec. 1917, Buch-
tien 773; Buena Vista, Sara, Santa Cruz, March 5, 1921, Steinbach 5393.
Although Dr. Rusby, I.e., in proposing this plant as a new species,
does not comment on its great resemblance to R. melanosticta Griseb.
in Goett. Abh. xix. 124 (1874) it appears readily distinguishable from
this Argentinian species by its constantly smaller flowers.
OCHROMA BOLIVIANA Rowlee, Jouni. Wash. Acad. Sci. ix. 166 (1919).
PERU: La Merced, Aug. 10-24, 1924, Macbride 5250.
This well-known timber tree, "Palo de balsa", referred to 0. Lago-
pus Sw. by Weberbauer, I.e. 98, is rather the Bolivian Balsa recently
92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. IV.
described by Rowlee, I.e. He shows conclusively that 0. Lagopus is
confined to the West Indies. Although O boliviano, is based entirely
upon specimens from northeastern Bolivia, the Peruvian tree is, on
floral characters, certainly not distinguishable. As the fruits of
0. boliviano, have not been described, it may be noted that a nearly
mature pod from Peru is 17.5 cm. long, borne on a stipe 9 cm. long.
The tree from which number 5250 was taken was in flower and fruit.
My field notes describe it as a "large tree with rather open crown, light-
colored smoothish bark and white fleshy petals".
Malesherbia Galjufii, spec, nov., fruticosa erecta circa 7.5 dm. alta;
caulibus (vel ramis) ut videtur simplicibus ubique dense molliter villoso
sed imprimis ad apicem; foliis numerosissimis cineraceo-viridibus sed
utrinque dense subadpresse villosis subtus conspicue venosis et pilis
patentioribus, margine plus minusve crenatis dense crispe ciliatis basi
ad apicem cum pilis fulvescentibus fere i mm. longis, inferioribus ignotis,
infra caulis medium fere sessilibus lineari-lanceolatis circa 8 cm. longis
et i cm. latis basi et apice acutis vel apice acuminatis ; superioribus sim-
ilibus sed gradatim reductis ; stipulis angusto-linearibus dense ciliatis
circa 8 mm. longis; racemis terminalibus congestis basi foliaceo-bractea-
tis circa 3 dm. longis, 7 cm. latis; pedicellis circa 8 mm. longis; floribus
virido-flavescentibus longe pilosis; receptaculo cylindraceo 3.5-4 cm.
longo, 9 mm. lato, medio vix inflate ; sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis 7 mm.
longis ; petalis similibus sed brevioribus et tenuioribus ; corona marginem
irregulariter leviterque dentatum; staminibus circa 5 mm. exsertis;
seminibus subovalibus minute et obscure elavatim longitudinaliter trans-
versaliterque striatis. PERU : In crevice of river-cliff, Huertas, June 26,
1922, Macbride & Featherstone 1347 (TYPE, Field Museum).
A handsome plant, evidently closely related to M. cylindrostachya
Urb. & Gilg, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxvii. 592 (1906), which I know only
from description, but certainly not referable to that species because of
the merely crenate rather than "inaequaliter profunde serratis vel den-
tatis" leaves, the much longer flowers, the less exserted stamens, etc.
This is the seventh species of Malesherbia known from Peru; cf. Harms,
Notizblatt, viii. 209-212 (1922).
Sr. Cristobal Galjuf of Huancavalica (Huaron), for whom this spe-
cies is named, loaned me mules, supplies, and an arriero for a two
weeks' trip from his coal mines to Ambo, on which journey this plant
was discovered. It was found on a steep canyon side down which one
of our pack animals had rolled, having lost his footing on the narrow
trail several hundred feet above the streambed.
Columellia Andrei, spec, nov., ut videtur fruticosa erecta humilis;
ramulis subtetragonis 0.5-1.5 dm. longis erecto-patentibus, glabris vel
minute strigillosis, dense foliatis; foliis oblongo-oblanceolatis 2-3 cm.
SOUTH AMERICAN PLANTS MACBRIDE. 93
longis medio vel supra medium 5-8 mm. latis apice apiculatis basi sen-
sim in petiolum brevis attenuatis, integris coriaceis supra lucidis glabris
vel junioribus minute et parce puberulis subtus pallidioribus glabris vel
margine minute hispidis; cymis terminalbusque uni- vel trifloris; calyce
glabro, lobis ovato-oblongis subacutis circa 5 mm. longis; corolla glabra
circa 8 mm. longa, lomm. lata. ECUADOR: Chuquiribamba, Ed. Andre
Ki444 (TYPE, Field Museum); Cerro de St. Barbara, Nov. 18, 1876,
Ed. Andre 4500.
It is interesting to add one more species to this monogeneric family
of South American plants. Schlechter records six in his revision of the
group, Notizblatt, vii, no. 68. 1 1 ( 1 920) , but he did not know C. Mathewsii
Briq. Ann. Conserv. et Jard. xx. 367 (1919) which, from description, is
apparently valid. The recognition of the present species, therefore,
brings the total of known Columellias to eight and this last member is
one of the most distinctive by virtue of its essential glabrousness. Its
completely entire leaves seem to ally it to C. sericea HBK. or C. sub-
sessilis Schltr. but it lacks entirely the characteristic pubescence of the
former while the leaves average distinctly larger than the pubescent
ones of the latter.
I am not altogether certain that the plant is Ecuadorian, for the
label does not so state and Andrews Rapport sur une mission scientifique
dans rAme*rique du Sud, Arch. Inst. Sc. Litt. iii. 5 (1878), which may
list his collecting stations, is not at hand. There is, however, a locality
"Chuquiribamba" in southwestern Ecuador and other of Andre's num-
bers in the forty-five hundreds are from that country.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CANAVALIA
by
C. V. Piper, United States Department of Agriculture
Among the very interesting plants collected in Peru by J. Francis
Macbride in 1923 are two undescribed species of Canaoalia winch were
received too late to be included in the paper on the American species of
the genus published in the Contributions of the National Herbarium.
Canavalia eurycarpa Piper, spec. nov. (sect. Didiplopleura). Gla-
brous climbing shrub; stems stout, terete, woody, becoming 5 mm-
thick; stipules and stipels not seen; petioles about as long as the leaf-
lets; petiolules glabrous, 6 mm. long; leaflets chartaceous, oval, the
lateral ones oblique, acute, rounded at base, scarcely paler beneath,
10-12 cm. long; peduncles 10-20 cm. long, i5-3o-flowered; pedicellar
glands prominent, scattered; pods linear, straight, woody, brown, stoutly
stipitate, shortly recurved-beaked at apex, 18 cm. long, 3-4 cm. broad,
each valve longitudinally 4-ridged, one very close to each suture, the
others more prominent, 2 mm. from each suture; inner layer not sepa-
rating; seeds ellipsoid, much compressed, brown, shiny, 23 X 12 X 3
mm., the black hilum as long as the seed. PERU: Pozuzo, alt. 2000
ft. on sunny brush-montana, June, 1923, Macbride 4580 (TYPE, Field
Museum 535657).
This is the second species known for the section.
Canavalia peruviana Piper, spec. nov. (sect. Eucanavalia). Liana;
stems terete, densely ferruginous puberulent when young, becoming
woody and 5 mm- in diameter; stipules oblong-ovate, acute, puberu-
lent, 3 mrn. long; petioles puberulent, shorter than the leaflets; stipels
subulate, stiff, black, 1.5 mm. long; leaflets coriaceous, broadly lance-
oblong, truncate at base, slightly acuminate at apex to a blunt apiculate
tip, the upper surface dark green, shiny, slightly puberulent especially
on the veins, the lower surface paler, densely puberulent, 10-12 cm.
long, the lateral ones slightly oblique; peduncles stout; pod linear,
stoutly short-stipitate, short-beaked at apex, densely black puberulent,
each valve with an indistinct ridge along each suture and a prominent
one 2 mm. from the ventral suture, 10-12 cm. long, 18 mm. broad,
lo-seeded; inner layer closely attached; seeds ellipsoid, very much com-
pressed, gray, speckled and splotched with black, 10 X 6 X 1.5 mm. ; hil-
um linear, three-quarters as long as the seed. PERU: River banks,
La Merced, alt. 2000 ft., August, 1923, Macbride 5551 (TYPE, Field
Museum 53 6 59i).
Nearest perhaps to Canavalia boliviano Piper but not at all closely
related.
94
THE LIBRARY OF THE
JUL241943
UNIVERSITY Of ILLINOIS
TWO NEW EUPHORBIAS
by
C. F. Mfflspangh
Tithymalus (Ipecacuanhae) raphanorrhizus Millsp., spec, nov., pe-
rennial, glabrous, prostrate from a fusiform root. Branches few, fili-
form; leaves orbicular, crenulate, petiolate, the lower scattered-alternate,
few-crenulate, obtuse; upper opposite, crenulo-serrate, acute to apicu-
late, stipules none. Inflorescence solitary in the axils, sessile; involu-
cres campanulate, glabrous; lobes oblong, fibrillate at apex; glands
transversely ovate, thick, stipitate, the stipe prolonged to the base of
the tube. Styles bifurcate one-third their length, stigmas globose. Cap-
sule glabrous deeply tricoccus ; seeds triangular-ovoid, white, 2X1.5 mm.
the facets smooth, the angles sharp; caruncle (?*) circular, papyraceous
papillate. PERU : On a steep lichen covered western slope, alt. 8000 ft.,
Matucana, April 12, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 8$ (TYPE, Field
Museum 516618).
Tithymalus (Ipecacuanhae) pencillatus Millsp., spec, nov., prostrate
or decumbent perennial, rootstalk thick, latex very viscid; plant glab-
rous, branches succulent; lower leaves few, alternate, sessile, ovate-
spatulate, upper ovate, apiculate, the margin ciliate with multilocular
hairs, all slightly repand-denticulate. Inflorescence solitary in the axils
of the upper leaves; involucres red, campanulate, pedicels about the
length of the tube or longer; teeth oblong, ciliate-fibrillate above; glands
orbicular, entire, agaricoid, papillate, the stipe central, thick; styles
bifid about one-quarter their length, clavate, pencillate. Capsule
strongly tri-coccus, glabrous. Seed ecarunculate, ovoid-quadrangular
the angles sharp, bluish-white until fully ripe then chocolate-brown,
2X1.8 mm. ; dorsal facets smooth, ventral with one transverse sulcus
and two large rounded mammiform prominences near the median line.
Branches 7-14 cm. long; lower leaves 8-10 mm. long, upper 12-15 mm.
Sap of root extremely viscid. PERU: In loose soil of a grassy slope,
Matucana, 8000 ft. alt., April 19, 1922, Macbride & Featherstone 299
(TYPE, Field Museum 516833).
*This may be only vestigial from the funicular attachment. It is, however,
present and alike on every seed examined.
95
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